,illu/ration3 ,a ,f]n ,lov] ,! ,f]n ,lov]'s ,companion ,a ,guide = ! ,nor!a/]n ,/ates & ,canada ,,by ,,george ,,h5ry ,,tilton1 ,a4,m4 ,?is _w's no blot = u ,nor blank2 x means int5sely & x means good ,to f9d its mean+ is my meat & dr9k4 ,illu/ration ,,d$ication ,to ,alice ,d4 ,cl>k1 engrav] ( ^! illu/rations1 :o has sp>$ no pa9s to promote ! arti/ic excell5ce ( ?is "w1 & to enc\rage its progress1 ^! pages are d$icat$ ) ! high reg>ds ( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,cont5ts ,li/ ( ,illu/rations ,preface ,introduction ,key to ,g5]a ,classification ( ,f]ns ,! ,polypodies ,! ,brack5 ,gr\p3 ,brack5 ,cliff ,brakes ,rock ,brake ,! ,lip ,f]ns 7,*eilan!s7 ,! ,cloak ,f]n 7,no?ola5a7 ,! ,*a9 ,f]ns ,! ,sple5worts3 ,! ,rock ,sple5worts4 ,aspl5ium ,! ,l>ge ,sple5worts4 ,a?yrium ,h>t's ,tongue & ,walk+ ,leaf ,! ,%ield ,f]ns3 ,*ri/mas & ,holly ,f]n ,m>% ,f]n ,tribe ,! ,bee* ,f]ns ,! ,fragrant ,f]n ,! ,wood ,f]ns ,! ,bladd] ,f]ns ,! ,woodsias ,! ,b\ld] ,f]n 7,d5n/a$tia7 ,s5sitive & ,o/ri* ,f]ns ,! ,fl[]+ ,f]ns 7,osmunda7 ,curly ,grass & ,climb+ ,f]n ,add]'s ,tongue ,! ,grape ,f]ns3 ,key to ! ,grape ,f]n ,moonwort ,little ,grape ,f]n ,lance-leav$ ,grape ,f]n ,matric>y ,f]n ,common ,grape ,f]n ,rattlesnake ,f]n ,filmy ,f]n ,not$ ,f]n ,au?ors ,f]n ,lit]ature ,"t ,li/ = ,fruit+ ( ,f]ns ,gloss>y ,note3 ,mean+ ( ,g5us & ,species ,*eckli/ ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,a ,f]n ,lov] ,pro?allium ,diagram ,p9nate ,frond ,bip9nate ,frond ,p9natifid ,frond ,spore ,cases ,l95 ,te/] ,curly ,grass4 ,s*izaea ,c9namon ,f]n4 ,osmunda c9namomea ,s5sitive ,f]n4 ,onoclea s5sibilis ,o/ri* ,f]n4 ,onoclea ,/ru?iopt]is ,int]rupt$ ,f]n4 ,osmunda ,claytoniana ,climb+ ,f]n4 ,lygodium ,fl[]+ ,f]n4 ,osmunda regalis spectabilis ,add]'s ,tongue4 ,ophioglossum ,grape ,f]n4 ,botry*ium ,polypody4 ,polypodium ,bee* ,f]n4 ,phegopt]is ,cloak ,f]n4 ,no?ola5a ,filmy ,f]n4 ,tri*omanes ,brack54 ,pt]is ,maid5hair4 ,adiantum ,cliff ,brake4 ,pellaea ,lip ,f]n4 ,*eilan!s ,rock ,brake4 ,cryptogramma ,*a9 ,f]n4 ,woodw>dia ,%ield ,f]n4 ,poly/i*um ,wood ,f]n4 ,aspidium ,bladd] ,f]n4 ,cy/opt]is ,woodsia ,haysc5t$ ,f]n4 ,d5n/a$tia ,h>t's ,tongue4 ,scolop5drium ,walk+ ,f]n4 ,camptosorus ,aspl5ium ,type ,a?yrium ,type ,sporangia ( ! ,five ,families ,indusium ,common ,polypody4 ,polypodium vulg>e ,sori ( ,polypody ,polypody 9 mass 7,gre5wood7 ,gray ,polypody4 ,polypodium incanum ,brake4 ,brack54 ,/]ile ,frond ,brack54 ,f]tile ,frond ,brack51 v>4 pseudocaudata ,spray ( ,maid5hair ,sori ( ,maid5hair ,maid5hair4 ,adiantum p$atum ,alp9e ,maid5hair ,v5us-,hair ,f]n4 ,adiantum capillus-v5]is ,purple ,cliff ,brake4 ,pellaea atropurpurea ,d5se ,cliff ,brake4 ,cryptogramma d5sa ,sl5d] ,cliff ,brake4 ,cryptogramma ,/ell]i ,p>sley ,f]n4 ,cryptogramma acro/i*oides ,alabama ,lip ,f]n4 ,*eilan!s alabam5sis ,hairy ,lip ,f]n4 ,*eilan!s lanosa ,sl5d] ,lip ,f]n4 ,*eilan!s ,feei ,p9nae ( ,sl5d] ,lip ,f]n ,p[d]y ,cloak ,f]n4 ,no?ola5a dealbata ,common ,*a9 ,f]n4 ,woodw>dia virg9ica ,net-ve9$ ,*a9 ,f]n4 ,woodw>dia areolata ,! ,sple5worts ,p9natifid ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium p9natifidum ,scott's ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium eb5oides ,gre5 ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium viride ,maid5hair ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium ,tri*omanes ,maid5hair ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium ,tri*omanes 7,f]n]y7 ,ebony ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium platyneuron ,bradley's ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium ,bradleyi ,m\nta9 ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium montanum ,rue ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium ,ruta-mur>ia ,root/ock ( ,lady ,f]n 7,two p>ts7 ,sori ( ,lady ,f]n4 ,a?yrium angu/um ,v>ieties ( ,lady ,f]n ,l[l& ,lady ,f]n4 ,a?yrium aspl5ioides ,silv]y ,sple5wort4 ,a?yrium acro/i*oides ,n>r[-leav$ ,sple5wort4 ,a?yrium angu/ifolium ,p9nae & ,sori ( ,a?yrium angu/ifolium ,sori ( ,scolop5drium vulg>e ,h>t's ,tongue4 ,scolop5drium vulg>e ,walk+ ,f]n4 ,camptosorus rhizophyllus ,*ri/mas ,f]n4 ,poly/i*um acro/i*oides ,v>ieties ( ,*ri/mas ,f]n ,braun's ,holly ,f]n4 ,poly/i*um ,braunii ,holly ,f]n4 ,poly/i*um ,lon*itis ,m>% ,f]n4 ,aspidium ,!lypt]is ,m>% ,f]n1 9 ! mass ,massa*usetts ,f]n4 ,aspidium simulatum ,new ,york ,f]n4 ,aspidium noveborac5se ,sori ( ,aspidium noveborac5se ,p9nae & ,sori ( ,aspidium noveborac5se ,oak ,f]n4 ,phegopt]is ,dryopt]is ,nor!rn ,oak ,f]n4 ,phegopt]is ,rob]tiana ,broad ,bee* ,f]n4 ,aspidium hexagonopt]a ,long ,bee* ,f]n4 ,aspidium polyp$ioides ,fragrant ,f]n4 ,aspidium fragrans ,m>g9al ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium m>g9ale ,cr[n ( ,fronds ( ,aspidium m>g9ale ,sori ( ,aspidium m>g9ale ,male ,f]n4 ,aspidium ,filix-mas ,aspidium ,filix-mas & details ,goldie's ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium ,goldianum ,aspidium ,goldianum1 9 ! mass ,cre/$ ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium cri/atum ,cre/$ ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium cri/atum 7,no4 #b7 ,cl9ton's ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium cri/atum v>4 ,cl9tonianum ,cre/$ ,m>g9al ,f]n4 ,aspidium cri/atum x m>g9ale ,aspidium cri/atum x m>g9ale1 9 ! mass ,boott's ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium ,boottii ,sp9ulose ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium sp9ulosum ,aspidium sp9ulosum v>4 int]m$ium ,aspidium sp9ulosum v>4 am]icanum ,bulblet ,bladd] ,f]n4 ,cy/opt]is bulbif]a ,cy/opt]is bulbif]a ) spr\t+ bulb ,fragile ,bladd] ,f]n4 ,cy/opt]is fragilis ,ru/y ,woodsia4 ,woodsia ilv5sis ,nor!rn ,woodsia4 ,woodsia alp9a ,details ( ,alp9e ,woodsia ,blunt-lob$ ,woodsia4 ,woodsia obtusa ,smoo? ,woodsia4 ,woodsia glabella ,haysc5t$ ,f]n4 ,d5n/a$tia punctilobula ,=k$ v>iety ( ,d5n/a$tia punctilobula ,field ,view ( ,d5n/a$tia punctilobula ,p9nae & ,sori ( ,d5n/a$tia punctilobula ,mead[ ,view ( ,s5sitive ,f]n ,obtusilobata ,=ms ( ,s5sitive ,f]n1 ,leaf to ,fruit ,sori ( ,s5sitive ,f]n ,s5sitive ,f]n4 ,onoclea s5sibilis ,s5sitive ,f]n1 ,f]tile & ,/]ile ,fronds on ,same ,plant ,o/ri* ,f]n4 ,onoclea ,/ru?iopt]is4 ,f]tile ,fronds ,o/ri* ,f]n4 ,/]ile ,fronds ,sori & ,sporangia ( ,o/ri* ,f]n ,royal ,f]n4 ,osmunda regalis spectabilis ,sori ( ,royal ,f]n ,int]rupt$ ,f]n4 ,osmunda ,claytoniana ,int]rupt$ ,f]n4 ,f]tile ,p9nules ,spread ,op5 ,c9namon ,f]n4 ,osmunda c9namomea ,c9namon ,f]n4 ,leaf ,gradations ,two ,v>ieties ( ,c9namon ,f]n ,osmunda c9namomea gl&ulosa ,curly ,grass4 ,s*izaea pusilla ,sporangia ( ,curly ,grass ,climb+ ,f]n4 ,lygodium palmatum ,add]'s ,tongue4 ,ophioglossum vulgatum ,moonwort4 ,botry*ium ,lun>ia ,moonwort1 ,details ,little ,grape ,f]n4 ,botry*ium simplex ,lance-leav$ ,grape ,f]n4 ,botry*ium lanceolatum ,matric>y ,grape ,f]n4 ,botry*ium ramosum ,common ,grape ,f]n4 ,botry*ium obliquum ,botry*ium obliquum v>4 dissectum ,botry*ium obliquum v>4 oneid5se ,t]nate ,grape ,f]n4 ,botry*ium t]natum v>4 int]m$ium ,t]nate ,grape ,f]n4 ,b4 t]natum v>4 int]m$ium ,rattlesnake ,f]n4 ,botry*ium virg9ianum ,filmy ,f]n4 ,tri*omanes ,bos*ianum ,fruit+ ,p9nules ( ,filmy ,f]n ,crosi]s ,not$ ,f]n ,au?ors ,spray ( ! ,bulblet ,bladd] ,f]n ,,preface ,a lov] ( nature feels ! fasc9ation ( ! f]ns ?\gh he may "k little ( _! names & habits4 ,behold+ !m 9 _! native haunts1 adorn+ ! rugg$ cliffs1 gracefully fr++ ! wat]-c\rses1 or wav+ _! /ately fronds on ! bord]s ( woodl&s1 he feels _! call to a clos] acqua9tance4 ,happy w\ld he be to receive in/ruction f a liv+ tea*]3 ,8 next pref]5ce w\ld be ! companion%ip ( a good f]n book4 ,su* a help we aim to give him 9 ?is manual4 ,if he w con x dilig5tly1 consult+ its gloss>y = ! mean+ ( t]ms :ile he quick5s 8 p[]s ( obs]vation by /udy+ real specim5s1 he may hope to le>n ! names & *ief qualities ( our mo/ common f]ns 9 a s+le season4 ,our mo/ productive p]iod 9 f]n lit]ature 0 betwe5 #ahgh1 :5 ,williamson publi%$ 8 ,f]ns ( ,k5tucky1 & #aije1 :5 ,clute issu$1 ,our ,f]ns 9 ,_! ,haunts4 ,betwe5 ^! fl\ri%$ ,d4,c4 ,eaton1 ,dav5port1 ,wat]s1 ,dodge1 ,p>sons1 ,ea/man1 ,und]wood1 ,a4,a4 ,eaton1 ,slosson1 & o!rs4 ,all _! works are n[ out ( pr9t except ,clute's j m5tion$ & ,mrs4 ,p>sons' ,h[ to ,"k ! ,f]ns4 ,bo? ( ^! are valuable h&books & amply illu/rat$4 ,clute's is l>g]1 m s*ol>ly1 & m inclusive ( r>e species1 ) an illu/rat$ key to ! g5]a2 :ile ,mrs4 ,p>sons' is m simple & popul>1 ) a naive *>m t creates = x a con/ant dem&4 ,we tru/ !re is room also = ?is unpret5ti\s1 b progressive1 h&book1 design$ to /imulate int]e/ 9 ! f]ns & to aid ! av]age /ud5t 9 le>n+ _! names & mean+4 ,its geographical limits include ! nor!a/]n /ates & ,canada4 ,its nom5clature foll[s 9 ! ma9 ! sev5? edition ( ,gray's ,manual1 :ile ! em5dations set =? 9 ,rhodora1 ( ,octob]1 #aiai1 & also a few t]ms ( lat] adoption are embodi$1 ei!r z synonyms or sub/itutes = ! m famili> ,lat9 names ( ! ,manual1 & are indicat$ by a diff]5t type4 ,9 e case ! /ud5t has be=e him bo? ! old] & ! m rec5t t]ms f :i* to *oose4 ,h[ev]1 s9ce ! book is writt5 prim>ily = lov]s ( ,nature1 _m ( :om are unfamili> ) sci5tific t]ms1 ! common ,engli% names are ev]y:]e giv5 prom95ce1 & /range to say are less subject to *ange & controv]sy ?an ! ,lat94 ,!re is no d\bt :at species is meant :5 "o speaks ( ! ,*ri/mas f]n1 ! o/ri* f]n1 ! long bee* f]n1 ! int]rupt$ f]n1 etc4 ,! use ( ! common names w lead to ! k & enjoym5t ( ! sci5tific t]ms4 ,a fri5d unfamili> ) ,lat9 has ask$ = po9t]s to aid 9 pron\nc+ ! sci5tific names ( f]ns4 ,foll[+ ,gray1 ,wood1 & o!rs we h m>k$ ea* acc5t$ syllable ) ei!r ! grave 77 or acute 77 acc5t1 ! =m] %[+ t ! v[el ov] :i* x /&s has its long s\nd1 :ile ! latt] indicates ! %ort or modifi$ s\nd4 ,let x be rememb]$ t any syllable ) ei!r ( ^! m>ks ov] x is ! acc5t$ syllable1 ^: s\nd w be long or %ort accord+ to ! slant ( ! m>k4 ,we h appropriat$ f _m s\rces su* mat]ial z suit$ our purpose4 ,our int]e/ 9 f]ns dates back to our college days at ,amh]/1 :5 we collect$ our fir/ specim5s 9 a r\gh1 bu%y swamp 9 ,hadley4 ,we f\nd "h a f9e colony ( ! climb+ f]n 7,lygodium74 ,we recall ! sl5d] fronds climb+ ov] ! l[ bu%es1 unique tw9]s1 *>m+1 inde$1 9 _! native habitat4 ,we h s9ce collect$ & /udi$ specim5s ( ne>ly e ,new ,engl& f]n1 & h c>efully exam9$ mo/ ( ! o!r species m5tion$ 9 ?is book4 ,by c\rtesy ( ! libr>ian1 ,mr4 ,william ,p4 ,ri*1 we h made l>ge use ( ! fam\s ,dav5port h]b>ium 9 ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural libr>y1 & ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ! daught]1 ,miss ,m>y ,e4 ,dav5port1 we h freely consult$ ! l>g] unm\nt$ collection ( f]ns at ! ,dav5port home/ead1 at ,m$=d1#a f9d+ "h a v l>ge & f9e assortm5t ( ,botry*iums1 includ+ a real ,b4 t]natum f ,japan4 ,footnote #a3 ,rec5tly donat$ to ! ,gray ,h]b>ium4 ,= num]\s facts & sugge/ions we are indebt$ to ! tw5ty volumes ( ! ,f]n ,bullet91 & also to its able editor1 ,mr4 ,will>d ,n4 ,clute4 ,to him we are greatly obligat$ = ! use ( photographs & plates1 & especially = helpful c\nsel on _m items4 ,we appreciate ! helpfulness ( ! ,am]ican ,f]n ,j\rnal & its oblig+ editor1 ,mr4 ,e4,j4 ,w9sl[4 ,to our fri5d1 ,mr4 ,c4,h4 ,kn[lton1 our ?anks are due = ! revision ( ! *eckli/ & = mu* helpful advice1 & we are grateful to ,mr4 ,s4,n4,f4 ,san=d1 ( ! ,bo/on ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 = num]\s c\rtesies2 b m especially to ,mr4 ,c4,a4 ,wea!rby = 8 exp]t & helpful inspection ( ! entire manuscript4 ,! illu/rations h be5 c>efully select$2 _m ( !m f orig9al negatives bequea!d to ! au?or by 8 fri5d1 ,h5ry ,l9coln ,clapp1 pione] & *ief promot] ( s*ool g>d5s 9 ,am]ica4 ,"s h be5 photograph$ f ! au?or's h]b>ium1 & f liv+ f]ns4 ,a few are f ! *oice h]b>ium ( ,mr4 ,george ,e4 ,dav5port1 & also a few repr9ts h be5 made f f]n books1 = :i* due cr$it is giv54 ,! ,scott's sple5wort1 on ! d$ication page1 is repr9t$ f ,clute's ,our ,f]ns 9 ,_! ,haunts4 ,,introduction ,?oreau tells u1 ,nature made a f]n = pure leaves4 ,f]n leaves are 9 ! highe/ ord] ( cryptogams4 ,l ^? ( fl[]+ plants !y are re9=c$ by woody fibres runn+ ?r\gh _! /ems1 keep+ !m erect :ile p]mitt+ graceful curves4 ,_! exquisite symmetry ( =m1 _! frequ5t f9ely cut bord]s1 & _! ri* %ades ( gre5 comb9e to make !m objects ( r>e beauty2 :ile _! unique v]nation & me?od ( fruit+ along ) _! wond]ful my/]y ( reproduction inve/ !m ) m>k$ sci5tific int]e/ af=d+ /imulus & culture to ! ?\ghtful m9d4 ,by peculi> en*antm5ts ^! *>m+ plants allure ! ard5t ,nature-lov] to obs]ve _! haunts & habits4 ,oh1 !n mo/ gracefully !y wave ,9 ! =e/1 l a sea1 ,& de> z !y are beautiful ,are ^! f]n leaves to me4 ,z a rule ! l>g] & co>s] f]ns gr[ 9 moi/1 %ady situations1 z swamps1 rav9es1 & damp woods2 :ile ! small] ones are m apt to be f\nd along m\nta9 ranges 9 "s dry & ev5 expos$ locality4 ,a t9y crevice 9 "s high cliff is n infrequ5tly *os5 by ^! fasc9at+ little plants1 :i* protect !mselves f dr\ght by assum+ a mantle ( light wool1 or ( hair & *aff1 )1 p]haps1 a cov]+ ( :ite p[d] z 9 "s cloak f]ns--?us keep+ a lay] ( moi/ air next to ! surface ( ! leaf1 & *eck+ transpiration4 ,"s ( ! rock-lov+ f]ns 9 dry places are kn[n z resurrection f]ns1 reviv+ aft] _! leaves h turn$ s]e & br[n4 ,a t\* ( ra91 & lo6 !y are gre5 & fl\ri%+4 ,f]ns v>y 9 height f ! dim9utive filmy f]n ( less ?an an in* to ! va/ tree f]ns ( ! tropics1 rea*+ a height ( sixty feet or m4 ,,reproduction ,f]ns are propagat$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,a frequ5t me?od is by p]5nial root/ocks1 :i* (t5 creep b5ea? ! surface1 s5d+ up1 x may be1 s+le fronds1 z 9 ! common brack51 or graceful leaf-cr[ns1 z 9 ! c9namon f]n4 ,! bladd] f]n is propagat$ 9 "p f its bulblets1 :ile ! walk+ leaf b5ds ov] to ! e>? & roots at ! tip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,male ,,%ield ,,f]n4 ,f]n ,reproduction by ! ,pro?allium ,f]ns are also reproduc$ by spores1 a process my/]i\s & m>vell\s z a fairy tale4 ,in/ead ( se$s ! f]n produces spores1 :i* are little "o-cell$ bodies )\t an embryo & may be lik5$ to buds4 ,a spore falls ^u damp soil & g]m9ates1 produc+ a small1 gre51 %ield-%ap$ pat* mu* small] ?an a dime1 :i* is call$ a pro?allium 7or pro?allus74 ,on its "u surface delicate root hairs gr[ to give x /ability & nutrim5t2 also two sorts ( reproductive organs kn[n z an!ridia & ar*egonia1 ! male & female gr[?s analog\s to ! /am5s & pi/ils 9 fl[]s4 ,f ! =m] spr+ small1 active1 spiral bodies call$ an!rozoids1 :i* la% ab\t 9 ! moi/ure ( ! pro?allium until !y f9d ! ar*egonia1 ! cells ( :i* are s arrang$ 9 ea* case z to =m a tube ar\nd ! c5tral cell1 :i* is call$ ! ooesph]e1 or egg-cell1 ! po9t to be f]tiliz$4 ,:5 "o ( ! ent]+ an!rozoids rea*es ?is po9t ! desir$ *ange is effect$1 & ! canal ( ! ar*egonium closes4 ,! empty ooesph]e becomes ! quick5$ ooesphore ^: newly begott5 plant g]m unfolds normally by ! multiplication ( cells t become1 9 turn1 root1 /em1 fir/ leaf1 etc41 :ile ! pro?allium no long] ne$$ to su/a9 its (fspr+ )]s away4#a ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! accompany+ illu/ration1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! reproductive p>ts ( a f]n are microscopic & _c be se5 by ! nak$ eye4 ,f]n plants h be5 kn[n to spr+ directly f ! pro?allus by a budd+ process ap>t f ! organs ( f]tilization1 %[+ t ,nature fulfills h]self 9 _m ways4#b ,footnote #b3 ,! sci5tific t]m = ?is me?od ( reproduction is apogamy 7ap>t f m>riage74 ,sometimes ! pro?allus itself buds directly f ! frond )\t spores1 = :i* process ! t]m apospory is us$4 7,mean+1 lit]ally1 )\t spores47 ,,v]nation ,all true f]ns come out ( ! gr\nd head =emo/1 coil$ up l a wat*-spr+1 & are designat$ z fiddle-heads1 or crosi]s4 7,a real crosi] is a bi%op's /aff47 ,"s ( ^! odd "y gr[?s are cov]$ ) f]n wool1 :i* birds (t5 use 9 l9+ _! ne/s4 ,?is wool usually disappe>s lat] z ! crosi] unfolds into ! broad gre5 blade4 ,! developm5t ( plant %oots f ! bud is call$ v]nation 7,lat91 v] mean+ spr+71 & ?is unique uncoil+ ( f]ns1 circ9nate v]nation4 ,,ve9s ,! ve9s ( a f]n are free1 :51 bran*+ f ! mid-ve91 !y d n connect ) ea* o!r1 & simple :5 !y d n =k4 ,:5 ! ve9s int]sect !y are said to ana/omose 7,greek1 an op5+1 or network71 & _! me%es are call$ areolae or areoles 7,lat91 areola1 a little op5 space74 ,,explanation ,,( ,,t]ms ,a frond is said to be p9nate 7,lat91 p9na1 a fea!r71 :5 its prim>y divisions ext5d to ! ra*is1 z 9 ! ,*ri/mas f]n 7,fig4 #a74 ,a frond is bip9nate 7,lat91 bis1 twice7 :5 ! lobes ( ! p9nae ext5d to ! midve9 z 9 ! royal f]n 7,fig4 #b74 ,^! divisions ( ! p9nae are call$ p9nules4 ,:5 a frond is trip9nate ! la/ complete divisions are call$ ultimate p9nules or segm5ts4 ,a frond is p9natifid :5 its lobes ext5d halfway or m to ! ra*is or midve9 z 9 ! middle lobes ( ! p9natifid sple5wort 7,fig4 #c74 ,! p9nae ( a frond are (t5 p9natifid :5 ! frond itself is p9nate2 & a frond may be p9nate 9 its l[] "p & become p9natifid high] up z 9 ! p9natifid sple5wort j m5tion$ 7,fig4 #c74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c ,! divisions ( a p9natifid leaf are call$ segm5ts2 ( a bip9natifid or trip9natifid leaf1 ultimate segm5ts4 ,,sporangia ,,& ,,fruit ,,dots ,f]n spores are =m$ 9 little sacs kn[n z spore-cases or sporangia 7,fig4 #d74 ,!y are usually clu/]$ 9 dots or l9es on ! back or m>g9 ( a frond1 ei!r on or at ! end ( a small ve91 or 9 spike-l racemes on sep>ate /alks4 ,sori 7s+ul> sorus1 a heap71 or fruit dots may be nak$ z 9 ! polypody1 b are usually cov]$ ) a ?91 delicate membrane1 kn[n z ! indusium 7,greek1 a dress1 or mantle74 ,! family or g5us ( a f]n is (t5 det]m9$ by ! %ape ( its indusium2 e4g41 ! indusium ( ! woodsias is />-%ap$2 ( ! ,dicksonias1 cup-%ap$2 ( ! aspl5iums1 l9e>2 ( ! wood f]ns1 kidney-%ap$1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d ,9 _m f]ns ! sporangia are surr\nd$ 9 :ole or 9 "p by a v]tical1 ela/ic r+ 7annulus7 rem9d+ "o ( a small1 br[n worm closely coil$ 7,fig4 #d74 ,z ! spores mature1 ! r+ contracts & bur/s ) consid]able =ce1 scatt]+ ! spores4 ,! spores ( ! diff]5t g5]a mature at diff]5t times f ,may to ,septemb]4 ,a good "t to collect f]ns is j be=e ! fruit+ season4 7,= times ( fruit+ see individual descriptions or *ronological *>t on page #bbj47 ,,helpful ,,h9ts ,! foll[+ h9ts may be helpful to ! "y collector3 #a4 ,a good l5s ) ne$les = dissect+ is v helpful 9 exam9+ ! sori1 ve9s1 gl&s1 etc41 z an accurate k ( any "o ( ^! items may aid 9 id5tify+ a giv5 specim54 ,baus* & ,lomb make a conv5i5t two-blad$ pocket glass = ab\t two doll>s4#a ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! l95 te/] "h figur$ 7co/ #a4ej7 ! l5s is m\nt$ 9 a brass frame :i* holds x 9 position1 enabl+ ! dissector to use bo? h&s4 ,a tripod l5s w also be f\nd *eap & s]viceable4 ,illu/ration #b4 ,d n ext]m9ate or weak5 a f]n colony by tak+ m plants ?an x c sp>e4 ,9 small colonies ( r>e f]ns take a few & leave ! re/ to gr[4 ,x is decid$ly ill-br$ to rob a locality ( its preci\s plants4 ,pick y\r f]n leaf d[n close to ! root-/ock1 includ+ a portion ( t also1 if x c be sp>$4 ,place y\r fronds betwe5 newspap] %eets & lay dry]s ov] !m 7blott+ pap] or o!r absorb5t pap]74 ,cov] ) a bo>d or slat frame1 & lay on ?is a weight ( sev]al p\nds1 leav+ x = tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 if ! specim5s are n !n cur$1 *ange ! dry]s4 ,m\nt ! prep>$ specim5s on :ite m\nt+ %eets4 ,! regulation size is #af-a_/b by #aa-a_/b in*es4 ,! labels are usually #c-c_/d by #a-c_/d in*es4 ,a sample w sugge/ ! prop] inscription4 ,,h]b>ium ,,( ,,john ,,doe ,ophioglossum vulgatum1 ,l4 7,add]'s ,tongue7 ,will\ghby ,lake1 ,vt4 ,augu/ #ai1 #aiaa4 ,wet mead[4 ,coll4 ,x4,y4,z4 ,r common b (t5 ov]look$ ,place ! label at ! l[] "r-h& corn] ( ! %eet1 :i* is n[ ready to be laid 9 ! g5us cov]1 usually ( manila pap] #af-a_/b by #ab in*es4 ,x is well to jot d[n important memor&a at ! "t ( collect+4 ,?is is ! me?od 9 use at ! ,gray ,h]b>ium 9 ,cambridge4 ,x c1 ( c\rse1 be modifi$ to suit "o's own ta/e or conv5i5ce4 ,! "y collector c beg9 by simply press+ 8 specim5s betwe5 ! leaves ( a book1 ! old] & co>s] ! bett]2 & he c m\nt !m 9 a blank book design$ = ! purpose1 or if he has only a common blank book1 he c cut out "s ( ! leaves1 alt]nately ) o!rs left 9 place1 z is (t5 done ) a scrap book1 t :5 ! book is full x may n be cr[d$ at ! back4 ,or he c use %eets ( blank pap] ( any uni=m size & m\nt ! specim5s on ^! ) gumm$ /rips1 & !n gr\p !m1 plac+ ^? ( ! same g5us toge!r4 ,su* an extemporiz$ h]b>ium1 ?\gh crude1 w s]ve = a beg9n+1 :ile /imulat+ 8 int]e/1 & advanc+ 8 k ( ! f]ns4 ,let him collect1 press1 & m\nt z _m v>ieties z possible1 giv+ ! "n ) date & place ( collect+1 etc4 ,su* a fir/ attempt may be kept z a rem9d] ( pleasant h\rs sp5t 9 le>n+ ! rudim5ts ( a delightful /udy4 ,we _c insi/ too /rongly ^u ! necessity ( h&l+ & /udy+ ! liv+ plant4 ,e /ud5t ne$s to obs]ve = himself ! haunts1 habits1 & /ructure ( real f]ns4 ,we w\ld say to ! "y /ud5t1 :ile famili>iz+ y\rself ) ! ,engli% names ( ! f]ns1 d n neglect ! sci5tific names1 :i* (t5 hold ! key to _! mean+4 ,repeat ov] & ov] ! "n ( ea* g5us 9 soliloquy & 9 conv]sation until y\r m9d in/antly associates ea* f]n ) its family "n--,adiantum1 ,poly/i*um1 ,aspl5ium1 & all ! re/4 ,fix !m 9 ! memory = a p]man5t asset4 ,) h>d /udy & gr[+ k w come gr[+ atta*m5t4 ,h[ our great exp]t1 ,mr4 ,dav5port1 lov$ ! f]ns6 ,he w\ld h&le !m ) g5tle t\*1 fondly /roke _! leaves1 & dev\tly /udy _! /ructure1 z if inspir$ by ! ,all-wise ,int]pret]4 ,move along ^! %ades ,9 g5tl5ess ( he>t3 ) g5tle h& ,t\*--= !re is a _s 9 ! woods4 ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,g5]a ,?is key1 9 illu/rat+ ea* g5us1 foll[s ! me?od ( ,clute 9 ,our ,f]ns 9 ,_! ,haunts1 b sub/itutes o!r & l>g] specim5s4 ,five ( ^! are f ,wat]s' ,f]ns by p]mission ( ,h5ry ,holt ,co4 ,z ! indusium1 :i* (t5 det]m9es ! "n ( a f]n1 is apt 9 "s species to )] e>ly1 x is important to secure = /udy n only a f]tile frond1 b "o 9 z good condition z possible4 ,= conv5i5ce ! f]ns may be consid]$ 9 two classes4 ,i ,,^? ,,:i* ,,h ,,! ,,fruit+ ,,portion ,,9 ,,gre5i%1 ,,b]ry-,,l ,,/ructures ,,& ,,n ,,on ,,! ,,back ,,( ,,fronds ,a4 ,,fruit+ ,,fronds ,,:olly ,,f]tile 7,f]tile & /]ile fronds entirely unlike7 ,illu/ration #a4 ,fruit 9 a "o-sid$ spike 9 two ranks2 plants v small2 /]ile fronds ?read-l & tortu\s4 ,curly ,grass4 ,s*izaea4 ,illu/ration #b4 ,fruit 9 a club-%ap$1 br[n or c9namon-color$ spike load$ ) sporangia2 fruit 9 e>ly spr+4 ,c9namon ,f]n4 ,osmunda c9namomea4 ,illu/ration #c4 ,fruit 9 b]ry-l1 gre5i% /ructures 9 a twice p9nate spike1 :i* comes up mu* lat] ?an ! broad & co>se p9natifid /]ile fronds4 ,wet gr\nd4 ,s5sitive ,f]n4 ,onoclea4 ,illu/ration #d4 ,fruit 9 pod-l or necklace-l p9nae2 f]tile frond p9nate2 /]ile frond tall1 p9natifid2 fruit late4 ,o/ri* ,f]n4 ,onoclea /ru?iopt]is4 ,b4 ,,fruit+ ,,fronds ,,p>tly ,,/]ile ,illu/ration #a4 ,fruit+ portion 9 ! middle ( ! frond2 two to f\r pairs ( f]tile p9nae4 ,int]rupt$ ,f]n4 ,osmunda ,claytoniana4 ,illu/ration #b4 ,fruit+ portion at ! apex ( ! frond4 ,/]ile p9nae palmate2 ra*is tw9+4 ,climb+ ,f]n4 ,lygodium4 ,illu/ration ,/]ile p9nae p9nate2 fronds l>ge1 f]tile portion gre51 turn+ br[n1 =m+ a panicle at ! top4 ,royal ,f]n4 ,osmunda regalis4 ,illu/ration #c4 ,fruit+ portion seem+ly on a sep>ate /ock a few in*es above ! /]ile4 ,/]ile "p an entire1 ovate1 gre5 leaf ne> ! middle2 f]tile "p a spike4 ,add]'s ,tongue4 ,ophioglossum4 ,illu/ration ,/]ile portion m or less divid$2 fruit 9 racemes or panicles1 r>ely 9 spikes4 ,grape ,f]ns4 ,moonwort4 ,botry*ium4 ,,ii ,,^? ,,:i* ,,h ,,! ,,fruit+ ,,portion ,,on ,,! ,,back ,,or ,,m>g9 ,,( ,,fronds ,a4 ,,indusium ,,want+ ,illu/ration #a4 ,fruit-dots l>ge1 r\ndi%2 fronds ev]gre54 ,rock species4 ,polypody4 ,polypodium4 ,illu/ration #b4 ,fruit-dots small1 r\ndi%2 fronds triangul>4 ,bee* ,f]ns4 ,phegopt]is4 ,illu/ration #c4 ,fruit 9 l9es on ! m>g9 ( ! p9nules2 "u surface ( ! fronds cov]$ ) :iti% p[d]4 ,cloak ,f]ns4 ,no?ola5a4 ,b4 ,,indusium ,,pres5t ,illu/ration #a4 ,sori on ! edge ( a p9nule t]m9at+ a ve92 sporangia at ! base ( a long1 bri/le-l receptacle surr\nd$ by a cup-%ap$ indusium4 ,filmy ,f]n4 ,tri*omanes4 ,illu/ration #b4 ,indusium =m$ by ! reflex$ m>g9 ( ! p9nules4 7#a7 ,sporangia on a cont9u\s l9e2 fronds l>ge1 t]nate2 indusium n>r[4 ,brack54 ,brake4 ,pt]is4 ,illu/ration 7#b7 ,sporangia 9 oblong sori "u a reflex$ too? ( a p9nule2 indusium broad2 ra*is d>k & %9+4 ,maid5hair4 ,adiantum4 ,illu/ration 7#c7 ,sori 9 r\ndi% or elongat$ masses4 ,indusium broad1 ne>ly cont9u\s1 fronds mo/ly smoo?1 some:at lea!ry1 p9nate4 ,rock species4 ,cliff brakes4 ,pellaea4 ,illu/ration ,indusium n>r[1 seldom cont9u\s1 =m$ by ! m>g9 ( sep>ate lobes or ( ! :ole p9nules2 (t5 inconspicu\s1 fronds usually hairy4 ,lip ,f]ns4 ,*eilan!s4 ,illu/ration ,indusium ( ! reflex$ edges1 at fir/ rea*+ to ! midrib1 or ne>ly s2 lat] op5+ out ne>ly flat2 fruit+ p9nules pod-l2 /]ile fronds broad4 ,rock brakes4 ,cryptogramma4 ,illu/ration #c4 ,indusium nev] =m$ ( ! m>g9 ( ! frond4 ,sori v>i\s4 7#a7 ,fruit-dots oblong1 p>allel ) ! midrib1 some:at sunk5 9 ! tissues ( ! frond4 ,wat]-lov+ species4 ,*a9 ,f]ns4 ,woodw>dia4 ,illu/ration 7#b7 ,fruit-dots & indusium r\ndi%4 ,indusium %ield-%ap$1 fix$ by ! c5t]4 ,ev]gre5 glossy f]ns 9 rocky woods4 ,%ield ,f]ns4 ,poly/i*um4 ,illu/ration ,indusium cordate1 fix$ by ! s9us4 ,wood ,f]ns4 ,aspidium4 ,illu/ration ,indusium hood-%ap$1 fix$ c5trally beh9d ! sorus & ar*+ ov] x1 soon )]+1 (t5 illusive4 ,fronds two to ?ree p9nate1 v graceful4 ,moi/ure-lov+ species4 ,bladd] ,f]ns4 ,cy/opt]is4 ,illu/ration ,indusium />-%ap$1 ( a few irregul> segm5ts fix$ b5ea? ! sorus1 (t5 obscure4 ,mo/ly small1 rock-lov+ plants1 usually r *affy1 at lea/ at ! base1 & gr[+ 9 tufts4 ,woodsia4 ,illu/ration ,indusium cup-%ap$1 fix$ b5ea? ! sorus1 support$ by ! too? ( a leaf2 sporangia borne 9 an elevat$1 globul> receptacle op5 at ! top4 ,fronds f9ely cut4 ,haysc5t$ ,f]n4 ,d5n/a$tia4 ,illu/ration 7#c7 ,fruit-dots & indusium l9e>4 7,b see ,a?yrium47 ,v long1 ne>ly at "r angles to ! midrib1 d\ble2 blade ?ick oblong-lanceolate1 entire2 he>t-%ap$ at ! base4 ,h>t's ,tongue4 ,scolop5drium4 ,illu/ration ,%ort] & irregul>ly scatt]$ on ! "u side ( ! frond1 "s p>allel to ! midrib1 o!rs oblique to x1 & (t5 9 pairs or jo9$ at ! ends2 blade tap]+ to a sl5d] tip4 ,walk+ ,f]n4 ,camptosorus4 ,illu/ration ,%ort1 /raight1 mo/ly oblique to ! midrib4 ,indusium r n>r[1 op5+ t[>d ! midrib1 fronds lob$ or v>i\sly divid$4 ,sple5worts4 ,aspl5ium4 ,illu/ration ,%ort1 indusium usually m or less curv$ & frequ5tly cross+ a ve94 ,! l>ge sple5worts includ+ ,lady ,f]n4 ,a?yrium4 ,,descriptive ,,text ,,( ,,! ,,f]ns ,9 ?is manual our native f]ns are gr\p$ sci5tifically "u five di/9ct families4 ,by f> ! l>ge/ ( ^! gr\ps1 & ! fir/ to be treat$1 is t ( ! real f]ns 7,polypodiaceae7 ) sixty species & sev]al *ief v>ieties4 ,!n foll[ ! fl[]+ f]ns 7,osmundaceae7 ) ?ree species2 ! curly grass & climb+ f]ns 7,s*izaeaceae7 ) two species2 ! add]'s tongue & grape f]ns 7,ophioglossaceae7 ) sev5 species2 & ! filmy f]ns 7,hym5ophyllaceae7 ) "o species4 ,correspond+ ) ^! five families1 ! sporangia or spore cases ( f]ns h five q di/9ct =ms on :i* ! families are f\nd$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d #a4 ,! ,f]n ,family prop] 7,polypodiaceae7 has ! spore cases /alk$ & b\nd by a v]tical1 ela/ic r+ 7,fig4 #a74 ,! clu/]s ( fruit-dots conta9+ ! spore cases may be op5 & nak$ z 9 polypody 7,fig4 #b71 or cov]$ by an indusium1 z 9 ! %ield f]ns 7,fig4 #c74 #b4 ,! ,royal ,f]n ,family 7,osmunda7 has ! spore cases /alk$ ) only a rudim5t>y r+ on "o side1 :i* op5s longitud9ally 7,fig4 #d74 #c4 ,! ,climb+ ,f]n ,family 7,lygodium1 ,s*izaea7 has ! spore cases sessile 9 r[s2 !y are small1 nut-l bodies ) ! ela/ic r+ ar\nd ! upp] portion 7,fig4 #e74a ,footnote #a3 ,^! figures are enl>g$4 #d4 ,! ,add]'s ,tongue ,family 7,ophioglossum1 ,botry*ium7 has simple spore cases )\t a r+1 & dis*>ges its spores ?r\gh a transv]se slit 7,fig4 #f74 #e4 ,! ,filmy ,f]n ,family 7,tri*omanes7 has ! spore cases along a bri/le-l receptacle & surr\nd$ by an urn-%ap$1 slightly two-lipp$ involucre2 r+ transv]se & op5+ v]tically 7,fig4 #g74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g ,,! ,,f]n ,,family ,,prop] ,,or ,,real ,,f]ns ,,polypodiaceae ,gre51 leafy plants ^: spores are borne 9 spore-cases 7sporangia71 :i* are collect$ 9 dots or clu/]s 7fruit-dots or sori7 on ! back ( ! frond or =m l9es along ! edge ( its divisions4 ,sporangia surr\nd$ by v]tical1 ela/ic r+s bur/+ transv]sely & scatt]+ ! spores4 ,fruit-dots 7sori7 (t5 cov]$1 at lea/ :5 "y1 by a membrane call$ ! indusium4 ,spores br[n4 ,,! ,,polypodies #a4 ,,polypody4 ,polypodium 7,f ! ,greek mean+ _m-foot$1 allud+ to ! bran*+ root/ocks47 ,simple f]ns ) /ipes articulat$ to ! creep+ root/ocks1 :i* are cov]$ ) br[n1 *affy scales4 ,fruit-dots r\nd1 nak$1 arrang$ on ! back ( ! frond 9 "o or m r[s ea* side ( ! midrib4 ,sporangia p$icell$1 provid$ ) a v]tical r+ :i* bur/s transv]sely4 ,a l>ge g5us ) ab\t #cej species1 widely di/ribut$1 mo/ly 9 tropical regions4 7#a7 ,,common ,,polypody4 ,polypodium vulg>e ,fronds some:at lea!ry 9 texture1 ev]gre51 f\r to t5 in*es tall1 smoo?1 oblong1 & ne>ly p9nate4 ,! l>ge fruit-dots ne>ly midway betwe5 ! midrib & ! m>g91 b ne>] ! m>g94 ,illu/ration3 ,common ,polypody4 ,polypodium vulg>e ,common ev]y:]e on cliffs1 usually 9 half %ade1 & may at times spr+ out ( decay+ logs or ! trunks ( trees4 ,z ! jo9t$ /ipes1 h>k+ back to "s anci5t mode ( f]n gr[?1 fall away f ! root/ocks aft] _! ye> ( gre5ness1 !y leave beh9d a sc> z 9 ,solomon's seal4 ,! polypody is a greg>i\s plant4 ,by int]tw9+ its roots ! fronds cl+ toge!r 9 *e]ful community1 & a fri5dly eye discov]s _! beauty a long way (f4 ,augu/4 ,ab\nds 9 e clime1 includ+ ,europe & ,japan4 ,9 transplant+1 sections %\ld be cut1 n pull$ f ! matt$ mass4 ,v>4 cambricum has segm5ts broad] & m or less /rongly too!d4 ,v>4 cri/atum has ! segm5ts =k$ at ! ends4 ,sev]al o!r =ms are also f\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fruit$ ,frond ,illu/ration3 ,! ,common ,polypody4 ,polypodium vulg>e 7,photograph$ by ,miles ,gre5wood1 ,melrose1 ,mass47 7#b7 ,,gray ,,or ,,ho>y ,,polypody ,polypodium incanum4 ,p4 polypodioides ,fronds oblong1 two to sev5 in*es long1 deeply p9natifid1 gray & scurfy und]nea? ) peltate scales hav+ a d>k c5t]4 ,fruit-dots r small1 ne> ! m>g9 & obscur$ by ! *aff4 ,illu/ration3 ,gray or ,ho>y ,polypody4 ,polypodium incanum ,9 appe>ance ! gray polypody is mu* l ! common species1 z ! ,greek end+ oides 7l7 implies4 ,9 ,florida & neighbor+ /ates x (t5 gr[s on trees2 f>!r nor? mo/ly on rocks4 ,report$ z f> nor? z ,/at5 ,isl&4 ,x is "o ( ! resurrection f]ns1 reviv+ quickly by moi/ure aft] seem+ to be dead f long dr\?4 ,july to ,septemb]4 ,widely di/ribut$ 9 tropical ,am]ica4 ,(t5 call$ ,tree-,polypody4 ,,! ,,brack5 ,,gr\p ,sporangia ne> or on ! m>g9 ( ! segm5ts1 ! reflex$ portions ( :i* s]ve z indusia4 #a4 ,,brack5 ,,or ,,brake ,pt]is aquil9a4 ,,pt]idium ,,latiusculum#a ,footnote #a3 ,! use ( small capitals 9 ! sci5tific names indicates 9 "p ! new] nom5clature :i* _m botani/s are incl9$ to adopt4 ,fronds broadly triangul>1 t]nate1 "o to ?ree feet high or m1 ! widely spread+ bran*es twice p9nate1 ! l[] p9nules m or less p9natifid4 ,sporangia borne 9 a cont9u\s l9e along ! l[] m>g9 ( ! ultimate divisions ^: reflex$ edges =m ! indusium4 7,greek1 pt]on1 a w+1 ! fea!ry fronds sugge/+ ! w+s ( a bird47 ,illu/ration3 ,common ,brack5 or ,brake1 a ,/]ile ,frond4 ,pt]is aquil9a 7,provid5ce ,c\nty1 ,r4,i47 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,f]tile ,frond ( ,common ,brack54 ,pt]is aquil9a 7,suffolk ,c\nty1 ,mass47 ,! hea? ?is night mu/ be my b$1 ,! brack5 curta9 = my head4 ,,scott4 ,! outl9es ( ! "y brack5 resemble ! little oak f]n4 ,x fl\ri%es 9 ?ickets & op5 pa/ures1 (t5 ) poor soil & scant %ade4 ,x is f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 & is said to be ! mo/ common ( all our ,nor? ,am]ican f]ns4 ,9 a cross section ( ! mature /ipe sup]/ition sees ! devil's ho( & ,k+ ,*>les 9 ! oak1 & any "o may see or ?9k he sees ! outl9es ( an oak tree4 ,x 0 ! brack51 or eagle f]n1 z "s call x1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be> ! my/]i\s f]n se$1 b only on midsumm] eve 7,/4 ,john's eve74 ,b on ,/4 ,john's my/]i\s night1 ,confe/ ! my/ic f]n se$ fell4 ,?is enabl$ its possessor to walk invisible4 ,we h ! receipt = f]n-se$1 ,we walk invisible4 ,,%akespe>e4 ,! ^w brake or brack5 is "o ( ! _m plant names f :i* "s ( our ,engli% surnames are d]iv$1 z ,brack1 ,breck1 ,brack5ridge1 etc41 & f]n 7mean+ ! brack57 is se5 9 ,f]n1 ,fe>ns1 ,f]nham1 ,f]nel1 ,f]nside1 ,f>nswor?1 etc4 ,also1 9 names ( places z ,f]ney1 ,f]ndale1 ,f]nwood1 & o!rs4 ,al?\gh ! brack5 is co>se & common1 x makes a desirable backgr\nd = rock]ies1 or o!r f]n masses4 ,! "y f]ns %\ld be transplant$ 9 e>ly spr+ ) z mu* ( ! long1 runn+ root/ock z possible4 ,v>4 pseudocaudata has long]1 n>r[] & m di/ant p9nules1 & is a common s\!rn =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,v>4 pseudocaudata #b4 ,,maid5hair4 ,adiantum ,f]ns ) mu* divid$ leaves & %ort1 m>g9al sori borne at ! ends ( free-=k+ ve9s1 on ! "u side ( ! reflex$ & alt]$ portion ( ! p9nules1 :i* s]ves z an indusium4 ,/ipes & bran*es ( ! leaves v sl5d] & poli%$4 7,greek1 unwett$1 because drops ( wat] roll (f )\t wett+ ! leaves47 7#a7 ,,common ,,maid5hair4 ,adiantum p$atum ,a graceful f]n ( %ady gl5 & rocky woodl&1 n9e to eighte5 in*es high1 ! black1 %9+ /alks =k$ at ! top into two equal1 recurv$ bran*es1 ! p9nae all spr++ f ! upp] side4 ,p9nules triangul>-oblong1 be>+ %ort sori on _! inw>dly reflex$ m>g9s :i* =m ! indusium4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,spray ( ,maid5hair ,illu/ration3 ,fruit+ ,p9nae ( ,maid5hair ,! maid5hair has a sup]ficial resemblance to ! mead[ rue1 :i* also %$s wat]1 b x may be kn[n at once by its black1 %9+ /alks ) _! divisions all borne on "o side4 ,x is inde$ a mo/ delicate f]n1 kn[n & admir$ by e "o4 ,! t]m maid5hair may h be5 sugge/$ by ! black1 wiry roots gr[+ f ! sl5d] root/ock1 or by ! d>k1 poli%$ /ems1 or1 z ,clute expla9s x1 because ! black roots1 l hair1 7 suppos$1 accord+ to ! 'doctr9e ( signatures' to be good = fall+ hair1 & ! plant 0 actually us$ 9 ! 'syrup ( capillaire',a 7,am4 ,botani/1 ,novemb]1 #aiba74 ,:ile ! maid5hair is n v common1 x is widely di/ribut$1 be+ f\nd ?r\gh\t our section1 we/w>d to ,cali=nia1 & nor?w>d to ! ,briti% ,prov9ces4 ,?\gh ! maid5hair has a wide range1 & gr[s abundantly 9 _m localities1 x possesses a quality ( alo(ness :i* adds to its *>m4 ,its *os5 haunts are dim1 moi/ holl[s 9 ! woods1 or %ad$ hillsides slop+ to ! riv]4 ,9 su* retreats y f9d ! fea!ry fronds tremul\s on _! gli/5+ /alks1 & 9 _! neighborhood y f9d1 also1 ! v _s ( ! woods4 ,,mrs4 ,,p>sons4 ,footnote ,a3 ,x may be /at$ t capillaire syrup besides ! use "h indicat$ 0 highly e/eem$ z a pectoral = ! relief ( difficult brea?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,common ,maid5hair4 ,adiantum p$atum 7,read+1 ,mass41 ,k+man7 ,illu/ration3 ,alp9e ,maid5hair4 ,adiantum p$atum1 ,v>4 aleuticum 7,f]nald & ,coll9s1 ,gaspe ,c\nty1 ,quebec1 #aijf7 7,f ! ,gray ,h]b>ium7 ,! f]n is n h>d to cultivate if all[$ suffici5t moi/ure & %ade4 ,along ) ! o/ri* f]n x makes a mo/ excell5t comb9ation 9 a f]n bord]4 ,v>4 ,,aleuticum1 or ,alp9e ,maid5hair4 ,a beautiful nor!rn =m especially abundant on ! high tablel& ( ! ,gaspe ,p59sula1 ,quebec1 :]e x is said to cov] hundr$s ( acres4 ,9 ! ea/ x is (t5 dw>f$--six to t5 in*es high1 gr[+ 9 tufts ) /\t root/ocks1 hav+ ! p9nules f9ely too!d in/ead ( r\nd$ & ! indusia (t5 lunate1 r>ely twice z long z broad4 7,f]nald 9 ,rhodora1 ,novemb]1 #aije47 ,also f\nd 9 nor!rn ,v]mont1 & to ! nor?we/w>d4 7#b7 ,,! ,,v5us-,,hair ,,f]n4 ,adiantum ,capillus-,v5]is ,fronds ) a cont9u\s ma9 ra*is1 ovate-lanceolate1 twice p9nate bel[4 ,p9nules1 fan-%ap$ on sl5d]1 black /alks1 long1 deeply & irregul>ly incis$4 ,ve9s ext5d+ f ! base ( ! p9nules l ! ribs ( a fan4 ,illu/ration3 ,v5us ,hair ,f]n4 ,adiantum ,capillus-,v5]is ,:ile our common maid5hair is a nor!rn f]n1 ! ,v5us-hair ,f]n is conf9$ to ! s\!rn /ates4 ,x is r>ely f\nd z f> nor? z ,virg9ia1 :]e x meets1 b sc>cely ov]laps its si/] f]n4 ,! m$ic9al prop]ties ( ,adiantum p$atum 7 e>li] ascrib$ to ! m s\!rn species1 :i* is common 9 ,great ,brita91 b1 l _m ano!r old rem$y1 ! syrup ( capillaire is long s9ce defunct4 #c4 ,,cliff ,,brakes4 ,pellaea ,sporangia borne on ! upp] "p ( ! free ve9s inside ! m>g9s1 9 dot-l masses1 b may run toge!r1 z 9 ! cont9u\s fruit+ l9e ( ! brack54 ,indusium =m$ ( ! reflex$ m>g9s ( ! f]tile segm5ts :i* are m or less membran\s4 7,pellaea1 f ! ,greek pellos1 mean+ dusky1 9 allusion to ! d>k /ipes47 7#a7 ,,purple ,,cliff ,,brake4 ,pellaea atropurpurea ,/ipes d>k purple or r$di%-br[n1 poli%$ & decid$ly hairy & h>% to ! t\*1 at lea/ on "o side4 ,fronds coriace\s1 pale1 simply p9nate1 or bip9nate bel[2 ! divisions broadly l9e> or oblong1 or ! /]ile sometimes oval1 *iefly entire1 some:at he>t-%ap$1 or else truncate at ! /alk$ base4 ,ve9s ab\t twice =k$4 ,basal scales ext5d+ into long1 sl5d] tips1 colorless or yell[4 ,illu/ration3 ,purple ,cliff ,brake4 ,pellaea atropurpurea ,ano!r "n is ! w9t] brake1 z its fronds rema9 gre5 ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 especially 9 its m s\!rn ranges4 ,x gr[s on rocky l$ges ) a pref]5ce = lime/one1 & (t5 9 full sun4 ,9 l>ge & mature fronds its p9nae are apt to be extremely irregul>4 ,:ile its /ipes are purpli%1 its leaves are blui%-gre51 & its scales light-br[n or yell[4 ,/range to say1 ?is brake ( ! cliffs ?rives 9 cultivation4 ,woolson says ( x1 ,?is f]n is int]e/+ & valuable4 ,x is n only beautiful 9 design1 b unique 9 color1 a d>k blue-gre5 emphasiz+ all ! v>y+ t9ts ab\t x--a fir/-class f]n = indoor w9t] cultivation4 ,x is a rapid gr[]1 fl\ri%+ b a few feet f coal fire or radiator1 9 a nor? or s\? w9d[4 ,x quickly =gives neglect1 & if all[$ to dry up out ( doors or indoors1 recov]s 9 due "t :5 put 9 a moi/ atmosph]e4 ,x makes b "o imp]ative dem&1 & t is ! privilege ( /&+ /ill4 ,ov]zeal\s culturi/s usually l to turn ?+s ar\nd1 b revolv+ cliffs are n 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s4 ,! sl5d] black /ipes are v susceptible to *anges ( light & w>p$ & twi/$ fronds result4 ,dry1 calc>e\s rocks1 s\!rn ,new ,engl& & we/w>d4 ,r>e4 ,v>4 cri/ata has =k$ p9nae some:at cr[d$ t[>d ! summit ( ! frond4 ,miss\ri4 7#b7 ,,smoo? ,,cliff ,,brake ,pellaea glabella4 ,pellaea atropurpurea1 v>4 ,bu%ii ,nak$ ) a few1 scatt]$1 spread+ hairs1 smoo? surface & d>k poli%$ /ipes4 ,rhizome %ort ) membran\s1 orange or br[n scales hav+ a few blunti% tee? on ea* edge4 ,p9nae sub-opposite1 div]g5t1 n>r[ly oblong1 obtuse2 base truncate1 cordate or clasp+1 occasionally auricl$2 l[] p9nae (t5 ) orbicul> or cordate p9nules4 ,/]ile p9nae broad]1 blui% or gre5i% glauc\s above1 (t5 cr[d$ to ov]lapp+4 ,! smoo? cliff brake has a decid$ly nor!rn range1 gr[+ f nor!rn ,v]mont to ,miss\ri1 & nor?we/w>d1 b f\nd r>ely1 if at all1 9 s\!rn ,new ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,d5se ,cliff ,brake4 ,cryptogramma d5sa 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 7#c7 ,,d5se ,,cliff ,,brake ,cryptogramma d5sa4 ,pellaea d5sa ,mod]n botani/s are incl9$ to place ! d5se cliff brake & ! sl5d] cliff brake "u ! g5us ,cryptogramma1 :i* is s ne>ly l ,pellaea t "o hesitates to *oose betwe5 !m4 ,! ^w ,cryptogramma means 9 ,greek a hidd5 l9e1 allud+ to ! l9e ( sporangia hidd5 b5ea? ! reflex$ m>g94 ,! d5se cliff brake may be describ$ z foll[s3 ,/ipes ?ree to n9e in*es tall1 blades "o to ?ree in*es1 triangul>-ovate1 p9nate at ! summit1 & trip9nate bel[4 ,segm5ts l9e>1 %>p-po9t$1 mo/ly f]tile1 hav+ ! m>g9s entire & recurv$1 giv+ ! sori ! appe>ance ( half-op5 pods4 ,/]ile fronds %>ply s]rate4 ,/ipes 9 d5se tufts 7d5sa7 sl5d]1 wiry1 light-br[n4 ,?is r>e little f]n is a nor!rn species & spr+s f t9y crevices 9 rocks1 pref]r+ lime/one4 ,l _m o!r rock-lov+ species1 x produces spores 9 abundance1 hav+ no o!r effective means ( spread+1 & its f]tile fronds are mu* m num]\s ?an ! /]ile ones1 & beg9 to fruit :5 v small4 ,gaspe & ,mt4 ,alb]t 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,quebec1 ,grey ,c\nty1 ,ont>io1 & 9 ! f> we/4 7#d7 ,,sl5d] ,,cliff ,,brake ,cryptogramma ,/ell]i4 ,pellaea gracilis ,fronds 7includ+ /ipes7 ?ree to six in*es long1 ?9 & sl5d] ) few p9nae4 ,! l[] p9nae p9nately p>t$ into ?ree to five divisions1 ^? ( ! f]tile fronds oblong or l9e>-oblong2 ^? ( ! /]ile1 obovate or ovate1 cr5ulate1 decurr5t at ! base4 ,conf9$ to lime/one rocks4 ,quebec & ,new ,brunswick1 to ,v]mont1 ,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 & to ! nor?we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,sl5d] ,cliff ,brake4 ,cryptogramma ,/ell]i ,we h collect$ ?is da9ty & attractive little f]n on ! lime/one cliffs ( ,mt4 ,horr1 ne> ,will\ghby ,lake1 ,vt4 ,x grew 9 a rocky grotto ^: sides 7 kept moi/ by dripp+ wat]4 ,h[ we lik$ to l+] ne> its *>m+ abode high on ! cliff6 ,& we lik$ also to speak ( x by its pleas+1 simple "n1 ,pellaea gracilis1 n[ *ang$ = sci5tific reasons1 b we /ill l ! old "n bett]4 7#e7 ,,! ,,rock ,,brake4 ,,p>sley ,,f]n ,cryptogramma acro/i*oides ,/]ile & f]tile fronds v dissimil>2 segm5ts ( ! f]tile1 l9e> & pod-l2 ( ! /]ile1 ovate-oblong1 obtuse1 & too!d4 ,! plants spr+ f crevices ( rocks & are f six to eight in*es high4 ,/ipes ( ! f]tile fronds are ab\t twice z long z ! /]ile1 mak+ two ti]s ( fronds4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>sley ,f]n or ,rock ,brake4 ,cryptogramma acro/i*oides 7,cali=nia & ,oregon7 7,h]b>ium ( ,geo4 ,e4 ,dav5port7 ,! p>sley f]n is ! typical species ( ! g5us ,cryptogramma4 ,! indusium is =m$ ( ! alt]$ m>g9 ( ! p9nule1 at fir/ reflex$ to ! midrib1 giv+ x a pod-l appe>ance1 b at l5g? op5+ out flat & expos+ ! sporangia4 ,clute1 speak+ ( ?is f]n z ! rock brake1 calls x a bord] species1 z its home is 9 ! f> nor?--,arctic ,am]ica to ,lake ,huron1 ,lake ,sup]ior1 ,colorado & ,cali=nia4 #d4 ,,lip ,,f]ns4 ,*eilan!s ,mo/ly small s\!rn f]ns gr[+ on rocks1 pubesc5t or tom5tose ) mu* divid$ leaves4 ,sori at ! end ( ! ve9s at fir/ small & r\ndi%1 b aft]w>ds m or less conflu5t4 ,! indusium :iti% & sometimes h]bace\s1 =m$ ( ! reflex$ m>g9 ( ! lobes or ( ! :ole p9nule4 ,ve9s free1 b (t5 obscure4 ,mo/ ( ! f]ns ( ?is g5us gr[ 9 dry1 expos$ situations1 :]e ra9 is sometimes abs5t = weeks & mon?s4 ,= ?is reason !y protect !mselves by a cov]+ ( hairs1 scales or wool1 :i* h9d]s ! evaporation ( wat] f ! plant by hold+ a lay] ( m or less saturat$ air ne> ! surface ( ! frond4 7,9 ,greek ! ^w means lip fl[]1 allud+ to ! lip-l indusia47 7#a7 ,,alabama ,,lip ,,f]n4 ,*eilan!s alabam5sis ,fronds smoo?1 two to t5 in*es long1 lanceolate1 bip9nate4 ,p9nae num]\s1 oblong-lanceolate1 ! l[] usually small] ?an ^? above4 ,p9nules triangul>-oblong1 mo/ly acute1 (t5 auricul> or lob$ at ! base4 ,indusia pale1 membran\s & cont9u\s except betwe5 ! lobes4 ,/ipes black1 sl5d] & tom5tose at ! base4 ,illu/ration3 ,alabama ,lip ,f]n4 ,*eilan!s alabam5sis 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 ,?is species ( lip f]n may be di/+ui%$ f all ! o!rs )9 our limits by its smoo? p9nae4 ,on rocks--m\nta9s ( ,virg9ia to ,k5tucky1 & ,alabama1 & we/w>d to ,arizona4 7#b7 ,,hairy ,,lip ,,f]n4 ,*eilan!s lanosa1 ,c4 ve/ita ,illu/ration3 ,hairy ,lip ,f]n ,fronds twice p9nate1 lanceolate ) oblong1 p9natifid p9nules2 sev5 to fifte5 in*es tall1 sl5d] & r\gh ) ru/y1 jo9t$ hairs4 ,p9nae triangul>-ovate1 usually di/ant1 ! ends ( ! r\nd$ lobes reflex$ & =m+ sep>ate involucres :i* are pu%$ back by ! rip5+ sporangia4 ,?is species l ! o!r lip f]ns is fond ( rocks1 spr++ f clefts & l$ges4 ,:ile hairy x is mu* less tom5tose ?an ! two foll[+ species4 ,unlike mo/ ( ! rock-lov+ f]ns ?is species is n p>tial to lime/one1 b gr[s on o!r rocks z well4 ,x has be5 f\nd z f> nor? z ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 also ne> ,new ,york1 & 9 ,new ,j]sey1 ,georgia1 & we/w>d to ,wyom+ & s\?w>d4 7#c7 ,,woolly ,,lip ,,f]n4 ,*eilan!s tom5tosa ,fronds eight to eighte5 in*es long1 lanceolate-oblong1 trip9nate4 ,p9nae & p9nules ovate-oblong1 d5sely woolly especially b5ea?1 ) sl5d]1 :iti%1 obscurely jo9t$ hairs4 ,( ! ultimate segm5ts ! t]m9al "o is twice z long z ! o!rs4 ,p9nules di/ant1 ! reflex$1 n>r[ m>g9 =m+ a cont9u\s1 membran\s indusium4 ,/ipe /\t1 d>k br[n1 d5sely woolly4 ,by donn+ its ?ick coat ( wool ?is species is prep>$ to gr[ 9 ! mo/ expos$ situations ( ! arid s\?we/4 ,x is said to be ! r>e/1 talle/ & h&some/ ( ! lip f]ns4 ,m\nta9s ( ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky to ,georgia1 & we/ to ,miss\ri1 ,texas & ,arizona4 7#d7 ,,sl5d] ,,lip ,,f]n ,*eilan!s ,feei1 ,c4 lanug9osa ,/ipes d5sely tuft$1 sl5d]1 at fir/ hairy1 d>k br[n1 %9+4 ,fronds ?ree to eight in*es long1 ovate-lanceolate1 ) ?icki%1 di/9ctly articulat$ hairs1 twice or ?rice p9nate4 ,p9nae ovate1 ! l[e/ deltoid4 ,p9nules divid$ into m9ute1 d5sely cr[d$ segm5ts1 ! h]bace\s m>g9 recurv$ & =m+ an almo/ cont9u\s indusium4 ,illu/ration3 ,sl5d] ,lip ,f]n ,! sl5d] lip f]n1 kn[n also z ,fee's f]n1 is mu* ! smalle/ ( ! lip f]ns1 av]ag+1 ,clute tells u1 b two in*es high4 ,?is is only "o-?ird z tall z ! woolly lip f]n & ne$ n be mi/ak5 = x4 ,! fronds =m tangl$ mats difficult to unravel4 ,x gr[s on dry rocks & cliffs--,ill9ois & ,m9nesota to ,briti% ,columbia1 & s\? to ,texas1 ,new ,mexico & ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9nae ( ,sl5d] ,lip ,f]n4 ,*eilan!s ,feei 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 #e4 ,,cloak ,,f]n4 ,no?ola5a ,small f]ns ) fruit-dots borne b5ea? ! revolute m>g9 ( ! p9nules1 at fir/ r\ndi%1 b soon conflu5t into a n>r[ b& )\t indusium4 ,ve9s free4 ,fronds "o to sev]al times p9nate1 ! l[] surface hairy1 or tom5tose or p[d]y4 ,includes ab\t =ty species1 mo/ly ,am]ican1 b only "o )9 our limits4 7,greek "n means spuri\s cloak1 allud+ to ! rudim5t>y or c\nt]feit indusium47 7#a7 ,,p[d]y ,,cloak ,,f]n4 ,no?ola5a dealbata ,fronds two to six in*es long1 triangul>-ovate1 acute1 broade/ at ! base1 trip9nate4 ,/alks tuft$1 wiry1 %9+1 d>k br[n4 ,upp] surface ( ! v small segm5ts gre51 smoo?1 ! l[] d5sely coat$ ) a pure1 :ite p[d]2 h5ce1 ! specific "n dealbata1 :i* means :it5$4 ,sori br[n at l5g?2 ve9s free4 ,!re are sev]al species ( cloak f]ns1 b only "o )9 our limits4 ,! dry1 :ite p[d] :i* cov]s !m d\btless is design$ to protect !m f too rapid evaporation ( moi/ure1 z !y all inhabit dry & sunny places4 ,?is delicate rock-lov+ f]n is f\nd 9 ! clefts ( dry lime/one rocks 9 ,miss\ri1 ,kansas1 ,colorado1 & s\?we/w>d4 ,,! ,,*a9 ,,f]ns4 ,woodw>dia ,l>ge & some:at co>se f]ns ( swampy woods ) p9nate or ne>ly two-p9nate fronds1 & oblong or l9e> fruit-dots1 arrang$ 9 "o or m *a9-l r[s1 p>allel to & ne> ! midribs4 ,indusium fix$ by its out] m>g9 to a ve9let & op5+ on ! inn] side4 ,9 our section !re are two species4 7,nam$ = ,?omas ,j4 ,woodw>d1 an ,engli% botani/47 ,illu/ration3 ,p[d]y ,cloak ,f]n4 ,no?ola5a dealbata 7,kansas7 7,g4,e4 ,dav5port7 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,common ,*a9 ,f]n4 ,woodw>dia virg9ica 7#a7 ,,! ,,common ,,*a9 ,,f]n4 ,woodw>dia virg9ica ,/]ile & f]tile fronds simil> 9 outl9e1 two to f\r feet high1 once p9nate1 ! p9nae deeply incis$ ) oblong segm5ts4 ,fruit-dots oblong 9 *a9-l r[s along ! midrib bo? ( ! p9nae & ! lobes1 conflu5t :5 ripe4 ,ve9s =m+ n>r[ r[s ( net-l spaces 7areoles7 b5ea? ! fruit-dots1 !nce free to ! m>g94 ,! spores rip5 9 ,july4 ,! /]ile fronds resemble ^? ( ! c9namon f]n1 b ! latt] gr[ 9 cr[ns1 ) a s+le frond 9 ! c5t]1 :ile ! fronds ( ! *a9 f]n rise s+ly f ! creep+ root/ock1 :i* s5ds !m up at int]vals all summ]4 ,! sori are borne on ! backs ( f]tile fronds4 ,!re are usually m /]ile ?an f]tile blades1 especially 9 d5se %ade4 ,we h wad$ repeat$ly ?r\gh a miry swamp 9 ,melrose1 ,mass41 :]e ! wild calla fl\ri%es along ) ! blueb]ry & o!r swamp bu%es1 & h f\nd ! *a9 f]n 9 sev]al %ad$ spots1 b e frond 0 /]ile4 ,x is said t :5 expos$ to ! sun x always faces ! s\?4 ,swamps1 ,ma9e to ,florida1 especially along ! ,atlantic ,coa/1 & (t5 9 company ) ! n>r[-leav$ species4 ,illu/ration3 ,net-,ve9$ ,*a9 ,f]n4 ,woodw>dia areolata 7,/rat=d1 ,conn47 7#b7 ,,net-,,ve9$ ,,*a9 ,,f]n ,,n>r[-,,leav$ ,,*a9 ,,f]n ,woodw>dia areolata4 ,w4 angu/ifolia ,root /ocks creep+ & *affy4 ,/]ile & f]tile fronds unlike2 /]ile ones n9e to twelve in*es tall1 deltoid-ovate4 ,broade/ at ! base1 ) lanceolate1 s]rulate divisions unit$ by a broad w+4 ,ve9s areolate2 f]tile fronds tall]1 twelve to tw5ty in*es high ) n>r[ly l9e> divisions1 ! areoles & fruit-dots 9 a s+le r[ ea* side ( ! second>y midrib1 ! latt] sunk 9 ! tissues4 ,?is species is less common ?an ! ,virg9ia f]n1 b !y (t5 gr[ ne> ea* o!r4 ,we h collect$ bo? 9 ! ,blue ,hill res]vation ne> ,bo/on1 & bo? h be5 f\nd 9 ,h+ham1 ,m$=d1 & ,read+1 & d\btless 9 o!r t[ns along ! coa/4 ,mrs4 ,p>sons speaks ( f9d+ !m 9 ! flat1 s&y c\ntry ne> ,buzz>d's ,bay4 ,! net-ve9$ species has "s resemblance to ! s5sitive f]n1 b 9 ! latt] ! spore cases are %ut up 9 small pods =m$ by ! contract+ & roll+ up ( ! lobes1 :]eas ! *a9 f]n be>s its sori on ! "u side ( long1 n>r[ p9nae4 ,besides1 ! /]ile fronds ( ! latt] h s]rulate segm5ts4 ,z 9 ! s5sitive f]n !re are _m curi\s gradations betwe5 ! f]tile & /]ile fronds1 bo? 9 %ape & fruitfulness4 ,wat]s calls !m ! obtusilobata =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,sple5worts #a4 ,n>r[-leav$ #b4 ,ebony #c4 ,rue #d4 ,scott's #e4 ,maid5hair #f4 ,gre5 #g4 ,m\nta9 ,,! ,,sple5worts ,a4 ,,! ,,rock ,,sple5worts4 ,aspl5ium ,small1 ev]gre5 f]ns4 ,fruit-dots oblong or l9e>1 oblique1 sep>ate :5 "y4 ,indusium /raight or r>ely curv$1 fix$ l5g?wise on ! upp] side ( a f]tile ve9let1 op5+ t[>d ! midrib4 ,ve9s free4 ,scales ( rhizome & /ipes n>r[1 ( firm texture & ) ?ick-wall$ cells4 7#a7 ,,p9natifid ,,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium p9natifidum ,fronds f\r to six in*es long1 lanceolate1 p9natifid or p9nate ne> ! base1 tap]+ above into a sl5d] prolongation4 ,lobes r\ndi%-ovate1 or ! l[] pair acum9ate4 ,fruit-dots irregul>1 num]\s4 ,/ipes tuft$1 two to f\r in*es long1 br[ni% b5ea?1 gre5 above4 ,al?\gh ?is f]n1 l all ! small sple5worts1 is heavily fruit$1 x is extremely r>e4 ,x is f\nd z f> nor? z ,%>on1 ,conn41 !nce s\?w>d to ,georgia1 to ,arkansas & ,miss\ri4 ,on cliffs & rocks4 ,resembles ! walk+ f]n1 & its tip sometimes takes root4 7#b7 ,,scott',s ,,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium eb5oides ,fronds f\r to t5 in*es long1 broadly lanceolate1 p9natifid or p9nate bel[1 tap]+ to a prolong$ & sl5d] apex4 ,divisions lanceolate f a broad base4 ,fruit-dots /raight or slightly curv$4 ,/ipe & ra*is br[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9natifid ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium p9natifidum a1 ,small ,plants f ,h>p]'s ,f]ry2 b1 ,sori on ,"y ,fronds 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,scott's ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium eb5oides a1 f ,virg9ia2 b1 f ,alabama2 c1 f ,m>yl& 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 ,resembles ! la/1 & l t has be5 kn[n to root at ! tip4 ,x is a hybrid betwe5 ! walk+ f]n & ! ebony sple5wort1 z prov$ by ,miss ,m>g>et ,slosson1 & may be look$ = 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( its p>5ts4 ,x 0 discov]$ by ,r4,r4 ,scott1 9 #ahfb1 at ,manayunk1 ,pa41 a suburb ( ,philadelphia1 & describ$ by him 9 ! ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly ( ,septemb]1 #ahfe4 ,v]mont to ,alabama1 ,miss\ri1 & s\?w>d4 ,r>e1 b said to be pl5tiful 9 a deep rav9e ne> ,havana1 ,ala4 ,illu/ration3 ,gre5 ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium viride 7#c7 ,,gre5 ,,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium viride ,fronds two to t5 in*es long1 l9e>1 p9nate1 pale gre54 ,p9nae r\ndi%-ovate1 cr5ate1 ) indi/9ct & =k+ midve9s4 ,/alks tuft$1 %ort1 br[ni% bel[1 gre5 above4 ,ra*is gre54 ,discov]$ at ,smuggl]'s ,not*1 ,mt4 ,mansfield1 ,vt41 by ,c4,g4 ,pr+le 9 #ahgf4 ,f\nd sp>+ly at ,will\ghby ,lake1 high on ! cliffs ( ,mt4 ,horr4 ,?is r>e & delicate little plant be>s a r close resemblance to ! maid5hair sple5wort1 :i*1 h[ev]1 has d>k /ipes in/ead ( gre54 ,nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 we/ & nor?we/ on %ad$ lime/one rocks4 ,illu/ration3 ,maid5hair ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium ,tri*omanes 7#d7 ,,maid5hair ,,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium ,tri*omanes ,/ipes d5sely tuft$1 purple-br[n1 %9+4 ,fronds ?ree to eight in*es long1 l9e>1 d>k gre51 r rigid4 ,p9nae r\ndi%-oblong or oval1 entire or f9ely cr5ate1 atta*$ at ! base by a n>r[ po9t4 ,midve9s =k+ & evanesc5t4 ,n v common1 b di/ribut$ almo/ ?r\gh\t ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,may be look$ = :]ev] !re are l$ges1 z x does n require lime/one4 ,july4 ,illu/ration3 ,maid5hair ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium ,tri*omanes 7,f ,woolson's ,f]ns1 ,d\bl$ay1 ,page ,co47 7#e7 ,,small ,,sple5wort ,aspl5ium p>vulum4 ,a4 resili5s ,fronds f\r to t5 in*es tall1 n>r[ly l9e>1 r firm1 erect4 ,p9nae opposite1 oblong1 entire or f9ely cr5ate1 & auricl$ at ! base4 ,/ipes & ra*is black & %9+4 ,midve9s cont9u\s4 ,?is small f]n is a s\!rn species half way betwe5 ! maid5hair & ebony sple5worts1 b r m l ! latt] f :i* x diff]s 9 be+ small] & ?ick]1 & 9 hav+ ! f]tile & /]ile fronds ( ! same size4 ,m\nta9s ( ,virg9ia to ,kansas & s\?w>d4 7#f7 ,,ebony ,,sple5wort ,aspl5ium platyneuron4 ,a4 eb5eum ,fronds upright1 eight to eighte5 in*es high1 l9e>-lanceolate1 ! f]tile ones mu* tall]1 & p9nate4 ,p9nae sc>cely an in* long1 ! l[] ones v mu* %ort]1 alt]nate1 spread+1 f9ely s]rate or incis$1 ! base auricl$4 ,sori num]\s1 r ne> ! midve91 /ipe & ra*is lu/r\s br[n4 7,ebony47 ,?is rigidly upright b graceful f]n fl\ri%es 9 rocky1 op5 woods1 & on ri*1 moi/ banks1 (t5 9 ! neighborhood ( r$ c$>s4 ,hav+ come ^u x _m times 9 our rambles1 we %\ld say x 0 n uncommon4 ,a lightly incis$ =m ( ! p9nae has be5 describ$ z v>4 s]ratum4 ,a h&some =m discov]$ 9 ,v]mont 9 #aijj by ,mrs4 ,horton & nam$ ,hortonae 7also call$ incisum7 has plume-l fronds ) ! p9nae cut into oblique lobes1 :i* are co>sely s]rate4 ,illu/ration3 ,ebony ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium platyneuron 7,melrose1 ,mass41 ,g4,e4 ,dav5port7 ,illu/ration3 ,bradley's ,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium ,bradleyi a1 f ,m>yl&2 b1 f ,k5tucky 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 7#g7 ,,bradley',s ,,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium ,bradleyi ,fronds oblong-lanceolate1 p9nate1 ?ree to t5 in*es long4 ,p9nae oblong-ovate1 obtuse1 incis$ or p9natifid into oblong1 too!d lobes4 ,! basal p9nae h broad bases1 & blunt tips & are slightly /alk$4 ,/ipes & ra*is d>k br[n & ! sori %ort1 ne> ! midrib4 ,a r>e & beautiful f]n gr[+ on rocks pref]r+ lime/one & conf9$ mo/ly to ! s\!rn /ates4 ,newburg1 ,n4,y41 to ,k5tucky & ,alabama1 we/w>d to ,arkansas4 7#h7 ,,m\nta9 ,,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium montanum ,fronds ovate-lanceolate f a broad base1 two to eight in*es long1 some:at lea!ry1 p9nate4 ,p9nae ovate-oblong1 ! l[e/ p9nately cleft into oblong or ovate cut-too!d lobes1 ! upp] ones less & less divid$4 ,ra*is gre51 broad1 & flat4 ,illu/ration3 ,m\nta9 ,sple5wort 7,f ! ,f]n ,bullet97 ,small ev]gre5 f]ns ( a blui%-gre5 color1 gr[+ 9 ! crevices ( rocks & cliffs4 ,connecticut to ,ohio1 ,k5tucky1 ,arkansas & s\?we/4 ,july4 ,r>e4 ,williams1 9 8 ,f]ns ( ,k5tucky1 says ( ?is species1 ,common on all s&/one cliffs & specim5s are l>ge on %elt]$ rocks by ! banks ( /reams4 7#i7 ,,rue ,,sple5wort4 ,aspl5ium ,ruta-mur>ia ,fronds ev]gre51 small1 two to sev5 in*es long1 deltoid-ovate1 two to ?ree p9nate bel[1 simply p9nate above1 r lea!ry 9 texture4 ,divisions few1 /alk$1 f cuneate to r\ndi%-ovate1 too!d or incis$ at ! apex4 ,ve9s =k+4 ,ra*is & /ipe gre54 ,sori few1 soon conflu5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,rue ,sple5wort4 ,a4 ,ruta-mur>ia 7,top1 ,lake ,huron--,l[] ,left1 ,mt4 ,toby1 ,mass4--,l[] ,"r1 ,v]mont7 7,f ,h]b>ium ( ,geo4 ,e4 ,dav5port7 ,?is t9y f]n gr[s f small fissures 9 ! lime/one cliffs1 & is r r>e 9 ?is c\ntry2 b 9 ,great ,brita9 x is v common1 gr[+ ev]y:]e on walls & ru9s4 ,f ,mt4 ,toby1 ,mass41 & ,will\ghby ,m\nta91 ,vt41 to ,mi*igan1 ,miss\ri1 ,k5tucky & s\?w>d4 ,b4 ,,! ,,l>ge ,,sple5worts4 ,a?yrium ,! foll[+ species1 :i* are (t5 two to ?ree feet high & gr[ 9 ri* soil1 are q diff]5t 9 appe>ance & habits f ! small rock sple5worts j describ$4 ,"s botani/s h kept !m 9 ! g5us ,aspl5ium because _! sori are usually r /raight or only slightly curv$1 b o!rs are incl9$ to foll[ ! practice ( ! ,briti% botani/s & put !m into a sep>ate gr\p "u ,a?yrium4 ,ne>ly all agree t ! lady f]n1 ) its v>i\sly curv$ sori1 %\ld be plac$ "h1 & _m o!rs w\ld place ! silv]y sple5wort 9 ! same g5us1 p>tly because ( its frequ5tly d\bl$ sori4 ,9 reg>d to ! la/ memb] ( ! gr\p1 ! n>r[-leav$ sple5wort1 !re is m d\bt4 ,! sori tak5 sep>ately w\ld place x ) ! ,aspl5iums1 b consid]+ its size1 /ructure1 habits ( gr[? & all1 x seems m closely alli$ to ! two l>g] f]ns ?an to ! little rock species4 ,we %all gr\p ! ?ree toge!r z ! l>ge sple5worts1 or = ! sake ( be+ m def9ite adopt ,clute's felicit\s phrase4 ,,! ,,lady ,,f]n ,,& ,,its ,,k9 #a4 ,,! ,,lady ,,f]ns ,fronds "o to ?ree feet high1 broadly lanceolate1 or ovate-oblong1 tap]+ t[>ds ! apex1 bip9nate4 ,p9nae lanceolate1 num]\s4 ,p9nules oblong-lanceolate1 cut-too!d or incis$4 ,fruit-dots %ort1 v>i\sly curv$4 ,indusium delicate1 (t5 r5i=m1 or %ap$ l a horse%oe1 9 "s =ms conflu5t at maturity4 ,widely di/ribut$1 common & v>y+ greatly 9 outl9e4 ,! new] nom5clature sep>ates ! lady f]n ( our section into two di/9ct species1 :i* %\ld be c>efully /udi$4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,see monograph by ,f4,k4 ,butt]s 9 ,rhodora ( ,septemb]1 #aiag4 7#a7 ,,! ,,upl& ,,lady ,,f]n4 ,,a?yrium ,,angu/um ,aspl5ium ,filix-fem9a ,! root/ock or rhizome ( ! ,upl& ,lady ,f]n "h pictur$ %[s h[ ! ?ick1 fle%y bases ( ! old fronds conceal ! root/ock itself4 ,9 ! ,l[l& ,lady ,f]n ! root/ock is b slightly conceal$ by old /ipe bases1 & s may be di/+ui%$ f its si/] f]n4 ,"o design ( su* root/ocks is to /ore up food 7mo/ly />*71 dur+ ! summ] to n\ri% ! "y plants z !y %oot =? ! next spr+4 ,! undecay$ bases ( ! old /ipes are also pack$ ) />* = ! same purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,root/ock ( ! ,upl& ,lady ,f]n ,illu/ration3 ,! same split l5g?wise 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,sori ( ,lady ,f]n4 ,a?yrium angu/um ,root/ocks horizontal1 q conceal$ by ! ?ick1 fle%y bases ( old fronds4 ,scales ( ! long1 tuft$ /ipes d>k br[n4 ,indusium curv$1 (t5 horse%oe-%ap$1 usually too!d or fr+$ ) f9e hairs1 b )\t gl&s4 ,fronds bip9nate1 "o to ?ree feet high1 wide/ ne> ! middle4 ,?is is ! common species ( nor!rn ,new ,engl& & ! ,canadian ,prov9ces4 ,! fronds diff] v widely 9 =m & a great _m v>ieties h be5 po9t$ out1 b ! f]n /ud5t1 hav+ fir/ le>n$ to id5tify ! species1 w gradually ma/] ! few lead+ v>ieties z he meets !m4 ,^? gr[+ 9 w>m1 sunny places :]e ! fruit-dots :5 mature incl9e to cov] ! :ole back ( ! frond are call$ sun =ms4 ,^! are v>ieties ,,typicum & ,,elatius1 bo? ) ! p9nae obliquely asc5d+ 7includ+ v>iety angu/um ( ,d4,c4 ,eaton71 b ! latt] has broad] fronds ) ! p9nules ( ! /]ile fronds oblong-lanceolate1 some:at acute & /rongly too!d or p9natifid4 ,illu/ration3 ,v>ieties ( ,lady ,f]n ,left to "r--#a/ & #bnd1 ,v>4 typicum2 #c;d1 elatius2 #d?1 rubellum2 #e?1 unc]ta91 p]haps conf]tum ,v>4 ,,rubellum has ! sori di/9ct ev5 :5 mature2 its p9nules /& at a wide angle f ! ra*is ( ! p9na & are /rongly too!d or p9natifid ) obtuse tee?4 ,?is v>iety favors regions ) cool summ]s1 or d5se %ade 9 w>m] regions4 ,! t]m ,,rubellum alludes to ! r$di% /ems s (t5 se5 b ?is sign alone may n det]m9e ! v>iety4 ,x occurs ?r\gh\t ! range ( ! species1 be+ a common ,new ,engl& f]n4 ,f]nald rem>ks t ?is is also a common =m ( ! species 9 s\!rn ,nova ,scotia4 ,among o!r v>ieties nam$ by ,butt]s are ,,conf]tum1 hav+ ! p9nules irregul>ly lob$ & too!d2 jo9$ by a membran\s w+1 ! lobes ( ! p9nules broad & ov]lapp+1 giv+ ! f]n a compact appe>ance2 ,,lac9iatum ) p9nules v irregul> 9 size & %ape1 ) _m long1 acute tee?1 :i* project 9 v>i\s directions4 ,an abnormal =m :i* looks z if x _h be5 nibbl$ :5 "y4 ,^! v>ieties are repres5t$ 9 ! ,gray ,h]b>ium4 7#b7 ,,! ,,l[l& ,,lady ,,f]n ,,a?yrium ,,aspl5ioides ,root/ocks creep+1 n d5sely cov]$ ) ! p]si/5t bases ( ! fronds4 ,/ipes ab\t z long z ! blade4 ,scales ( ! /ipe v few1 seldom p]si/5t1 r>ely ov] #c-af ( an in* long4 ,fronds n>r[ly deltoid1 lanceolate1 wide/ ne> ! base1 ! second pair ( p9nae commonly longe/4 ,indusia ciliate1 ! cilia 7hairs7 end+ 9 gl&s4 ,spores d>k1 nett$ or wr9kl$4 ,illu/ration3 ,l[l& ,lady ,f]n4 ,,a?yrium ,,aspl5ioides 7,f ! ,gray ,h]b>ium7 ,! foll[+ two =ms are nam$ by ,butt]s3 ,f4 ,,typicum4 ,! usual =m frequ5t 9 ea/]n ,massa*usetts1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,ohio1 & ,miss\ri4 ,f4 ,,subtrip9natum4 ,an unusually l>ge & r>e =m ) triangul>1 lanceolate1 & p9natifid p9nules1 hav+ blunt1 oblong segm5ts4 ,wet situations 9 half %ade4 ,massa*usetts1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 & ,virg9ia4 ,our l[l& or s\!rn lady f]n fl\ri%es 9 ! s\!rn /ates1 comes up ! ,atlantic ,coa/ until x meets ! upl& or nor!rn species 9 ,p5nsylvania & s\!rn ,new ,engl&1 & _! id5tification c h>dly fail to awak5 9 ! /ud5t a ke5 int]e/4 ,our ,am]ican botani/s are incl9$ to ?9k t ! real ,a?yrium filix-fem9a is n to be f\nd 9 ! nor!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 b is r a we/]n species1 ) its habitat 9 ,cali=nia & ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 region & id5tical ) ,a?yrium cyclosorum4 ,b :atev] *anges may occur 9 ! sci5tific "n ( ! old ,a?yrium filix-fem9a1 ! "n lady f]n w n *ange1 b ev]y:]e )9 our limits x w hold its own z a famili> t]m4 ,und]wood1 writ+ ( ! lady f]n "u ! g5us ,aspl5ium1 m5tions ! =m exile1 small1 />v$ specim5s gr[+ 9 v dry situations & (t5 fruit+ :5 only a few in*es high4 ,he also m5tions ,eaton's angu/um1 & alludes to ! ,rema9+ sixty-?ree v>ieties equally unimportant t h be5 describ$ ( ?is species4 ,! lady f]n is common 9 moi/ woods1 by walls & roadsides1 & at its be/ is a truly h&some species1 al?\gh1 l ,mrs4 ,p>sons1 we h notic$ t 9 ! late summ] x loses mu* ( its delicacy4 ,_m ( its =ms become disfigur$ & pres5t a r blot*$ & co>se appe>ance4 ,! lady f]n has inspir$ sev]al poems1 :i* h be5 quot$ m or less fully 9 ! f]n books4 ,! foll[+ l9es are f ! p5 ( ,cald] ,campbell3 ,b n by burne 9 wood or dale ,gr[s any?+ s fair ,z ! palmy cre/ ( em]ald pale ,( ! lady f]n :5 ! sunbeams turn ,to gold h] delicate hair4 ,ref]r+1 p]haps1 to ! fair colors ( ! unfold+ crosi]s reveal+ /ipes ( a cle> w9e color 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! delicate gre5 ( ! foliage4 ,9 id5tify+ ?is f]n ! novice %\ld be> 9 m9d ! t5d5cy ( ! curv$ sori ( y\? to become /raight5$ & ev5 conflu5t ) age1 al?\gh su* *anges are r unreliable4 ,possibly ! sugge/ion ( ! poetic ,dav5port may be helpful to "s t !re is ,an indef9able *>m ab\t ! v>i\s =ms ( ! lady f]n1 :i* soon enables "o to "k x f its peculi>ly graceful motion by m]ely g5tly sway+ a frond 9 ! h&4 ,spores rip5 9 ,augu/4 ,! lady f]n is v easy to cultivate & :5 once e/abli%$ is apt to cr[d aside its neighbors4 7#c7 ,,silv]y ,,sple5wort4 ,,a?yrium ,,acro/i*oides ,aspl5ium acro/i*oides4 ,aspl5ium !lypt]oides ,fronds two to f\r feet tall1 p9nate1 tap]+ bo? ways f ! middle4 ,p9nae deeply p9natifid1 l9e>-lanceolate1 acum9ate4 ,lobes oblong1 obtuse1 m9utely too!d1 ea* be>+ two r[s ( oblong or l9e> fruit-dots4 ,indusium silv]y :5 "y4 ,illu/ration3 ,silv]y ,sple5wort4 ,a?yrium acro/i*oides ,illu/ration3 ,silv]y ,sple5wort4 ,a?yrium acro/i*oides ,! /]ile fronds come up fir/ & ! tall]1 f]tile ones d n appe> until late 9 ,june4 ,:]e !re are no fruit-dots ! hairs on ! upp] surface ( ! fronds w help to di/+ui% x f specim5s ( ! ,m>% f]n tribe1 :i* x some:at resembles4 ,! regul> r[s ( ne>ly /raight1 cle>-cut sori ( ! f]tile fronds are v attractive1 & ! l[] ones1 z well z ^? at ! sl5d] tips ( ! p9nae1 are frequ5tly d\ble4 ,ri* woods & moi/1 %ady banks1 ,new ,engl& to ,k5tucky & we/w>d4 ,g5]ally di/ribut$ b h>dly common4 7#d7 ,,n>r[-,,leav$ ,,sple5wort ,,a?yrium ,,angu/ifolium4 ,aspl5ium angu/ifolium ,fronds "o to f\r feet tall1 p9nate4 ,p9nae num]\s1 ?91 %ort-/alk$1 l9e>-lanceolate1 acum9ate1 ^? ( ! f]tile fronds n>r[]4 ,fruit-dots l9e>4 ,indusium slightly convex4 ,illu/ration3 ,n>r[-leav$ ,sple5wort4 ,a?yrium angu/ifolium 7,v]mont7 7,geo4 ,e4 ,dav5port7 ,9 ri* woods f s\!rn ,canada & ,new ,hamp%ire to ,m9nesota & s\?w>d4 ,septemb]4 ,n common4 ,mt4 ,toby1 ,mass41 ,b]l9 & ,m]id51 ,conn41 & ,danville1 ,vt4 ,c be cultivat$ b %\ld n be expos$ to sev]e wea!r1 z its ?9 & delicate fronds are easily injur$4 ,woolson writes ( x1 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! f]n k+dom :i* looks s cool & refre%+ on a hot day z a mass ( ?is cle>-cut1 delicately made-up f]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9nae & ,sori ( ,a?yrium angu/ifolium ,,h>t',s ,,tongue ,scolop5drium4 ,,phyllitis ,sori l9e>1 a r[ on ei!r side ( ! midve91 & at "r angles to x1 ! indusium appe>+ to be d\ble4 7,scolop5drium is ! ,greek = c5tip$e1 ^: feet ! sori 7 ?\ght to resemble4 ,phyllitis is ! anci5t ,greek "n = a f]n47 ,only "o species 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,sori ( ,scolop5drium vulg>e 7#a7 ,scolop5drium vulg>e ,,phyllitis ,,scolop5drium ,fronds ?ick & lea!ry1 oblong-lanceolate f an auricl$1 he>t-%ap$ base1 t5 to tw5ty in*es long & "o to two in*es wide4 ,m>g9 entire1 bright gre54 ,9 %ad$ rav9es "u lime/one cliffs4 ,*itt5ango ,falls1 & ,scolop5drium ,lake1 c5tral ,new ,york1 & ,t5nessee4 ,also1 locally 9 ,ont>io & ,new ,brunswick4 ,"o ( ! r>e/ ( our native f]ns1 al?\gh v common 9 ,great ,brita94 ,?is plant is said to be easily cultivat$1 & to produce num]\s v>ieties4 ,accord+ to ,woolson1 ,no rock]y is complete )\t ! ,h>t's ,tongue1 ! long1 glossy1 undulat+ fronds ( :i* are suffici5tly unique to di/+ui% any collection4 ,9 cultivation x ne$s light protection ?r\gh ! w9t] 9 nor!rn ,new ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,h>t's ,tongue4 ,scolop5drium vulg>e 7,base ( calc>e\s rocks1 ,ow5 ,s\nd1 ,ont>io1 ,canada7 ,,walk+ ,,f]n4 ,,walk+ ,,leaf ,camptosorus ,fruit-dots oblong or l9e> z 9 ,aspl5ium1 b irregul>ly scatt]$ on ei!r side ( ! reticulat$ ve9s ( ! simple frond1 ! out] ones sometimes conflu5t at _! ends1 =m+ crook$ l9es 7h5ce1 ! "n f ! ,greek mean+ crook$ sori74 ,only "o species )9 our limits4 ,camptosorus rhizophyllus ,fronds ev]gre51 lea!ry1 f\r to eighte5 in*es long1 he>t-%ap$ at ! base1 b tap]+ t[>ds ! apex1 :i* (t5 roots & =ms a new plant4 ,ve9s reticulat$4 ,! auricles ( ?is species are sometimes elongat$ & may ev5 take root4 ,?is curi\s & int]e/+ f]n is "o ( ! f9e/ = rock]ies1 ! tips tak+ root 9 rock-fissures4 ,%ad$ lime/one1 or sometimes o!r rocks4 ,%apleigh & ,w9?rop1 ,me41 r>ely 9 ,new ,hamp%ire 7,lebanon71 & ,connecticut1 ,mt4 ,toby1 ,mass41 & we/]n ,new ,engl&2 also ,canada to ,georgia & we/w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,walk+ ,f]n4 ,camptosorus rhizophyllus ,,! ,,%ield ,,f]ns ,,! ,,*ri/mas ,,& ,,holly ,,f]ns ,poly/i*um ,^! h be5 gr\p$ ) ! wood f]ns1 b are n[ usually plac$ "u ! g5us ,poly/i*um1 :i* has ! sori r\nd & cov]$ ) a circul> indusium fix$ to ! frond by its depress$ c5t]4 ,! wood f]ns1 on ! o!r h&1 h a kidney-%ap$ indusium atta*$ to ! fronds by ! s9us4 7,poly/i*um is ! ,greek = _m r[s1 ! sori ( "s species be+ 9 _m ranks47 7#a7 ,,! ,,*ri/mas ,,f]n ,poly/i*um acro/i*oides4 ,aspidium acro/i*oides ,/ipes clo!d ) pale1 br[n scales4 ,frond rigid & ev]gre51 "o to two feet long1 lanceolate1 p9nate4 ,p9nae l9e>-lanceolate1 scy!-%ap$1 auricl$ on ! upp] side1 & ) bri/ly tee?2 f]tile p9nae contract$ t[>d ! top1 be>+ two r[s ( sori1 :i* soon become conflu5t & cov] ! entire surface4 ,indusium orbicul>1 fix$ by its depress$ c5t]4 ,f4 incisum is a =m 9 :i* ! p9nae are mu* incis$4 ,f4 crispum has ! edges ( its p9nae crisp$ & ruffl$4 ,! "n ,*ri/mas f]n1 due to ,john ,rob9son1 ( ,salem1 ,mass41 sugge/s its fitness = w9t] decoration4 ,its deep gre5 & glossy fronds insure x a welcome at ,*ri/mas "t4 ,its mission is to *e] ! w9t] mon?s & enhance ! beauty ( ! o!r f]ns by contra/4 ,9 transplant+1 a g5]\s mass ( e>? %\ld be includ$ & its roots %\ld n be di/urb$4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ri/mas ,f]n4 ,poly/i*um acro/i*oides ,illu/ration3 ,*ri/mas ,f]n4 ,poly/i*um acro/i*oides ,illu/ration3 ,*ri/mas ,f]n4 ,poly/i*um acro/i*oides ,top1 ,=k$ ,=m2 ,bottom1 ,incis$ ,=m 7,ma9e7 7#b7 ,,braun',s ,,holly ,,f]n ,poly/i*um ,braunii4 ,aspidium aculeatum ,braunii ,fronds ?ick1 rigid1 "o to two feet long1 spread+1 lanceolate1 tap]+ bo? ways1 bip9nate4 ,p9nules ovate or oblong1 truncate1 ne>ly rectangul> at ! base1 %>ply too!d & cov]$ b5ea? ) *aff & hairs4 ,fruit-dots small & ne> ! mid ve9s4 ,indusium orbicul>1 entire4 ,/ipes *affy ) br[n scales4 ,illu/ration3 ,braun's ,holly ,f]n4 ,poly/i*um ,braunii 7,will\ghby ,m\nta91 ,vt47 7,h]b>ium ( ,g4,h4,t47 ,?is h&some f]n is r common 9 nor!rn ,new ,engl&4 ,we h collect$ x 9 ! ,will\ghby ,lake region1 ,vt41 & x is f\nd at ,mt4 ,mansfield1 ,r&olph1 & else:]e 9 t /ate2 also at ,gorham1 ,n4,h41 & ,f]nald reports x z common 9 nor!rn ,ma9e4 ,x also gr[s 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania1 & we/w>d4 ,x 0 =m]ly ?\ght to be a v>iety ( ! prickly %ield f]n 7,p4 aculeatum71 :i* has a v wide range & num]\s v>ieties4 ,! fronds rema9 gre5 ?r\gh ! w9t] b ! /ipes weak5 & fall ov]4 7#c7 ,,holly ,,f]n4 ,poly/i*um ,lon*itis ,fronds l9e>-lanceolate1 %ort-/alk$ & rigid1 eight to fifte5 in*es long4 ,p9nae broadly lanceolate-falcate or ! l[e/ triangul>1 /rongly auricl$ on ! upp] side1 d5sely sp9ulose-too!d4 ,sori midway betwe5 ! m>g9 & midrib4 ,illu/ration3 ,holly ,f]n4 ,poly/i*um ,lon*itis 7,nottawasaga1 ,canada1 ,we/1 ,"r1 ,alaska1 ,left7 7,h]b>ium ( ,c4,e4 ,dav5port7 ,! "n holly f]n sugge/s its resemblance to holly leaves ) _! bri/le-tipp$ tee?4 ,! specific "n lon*itis 7l a spe>7 ref]s to its %>p tee?4 ,a nor!rn species gr[+ 9 rocky woods f ,labrador to ,alaska1 & s\? to ,niag>a ,falls1 ,lake ,sup]ior & we/w>d4 ,its s\!rn limits ne>ly co9cide ) ! nor!rn limits ( ! ,*ri/mas f]n4 ,,! ,,m>% ,,f]n ,,tribe ,"u ?is designation ,clute has gr\p$ ?ree ( ! %ield f]ns1 :i* h a close family resemblance1 & has ?us di/+ui%$ !m f ! wood f]ns1 :i* also belong to ! %ield f]n family4 7#a7 ,,! ,,m>% ,,f]n ,aspidium !lypt]is4 ,,!lypt]is ,,palu/ris ,dryopt]is !lypt]is4 ,nephrodium !lypt]is ,illu/ration3 ,! ,m>% ,f]n ,^! are all good names & ea* "o is wor?y to be *os54 ,aspidium1 ,greek = %ield1 9 use = a c5tury1 adopt$ 9 all ! sev5 editions ( ,gray's ,manual1 is /ill ! mo/ famili> & pleas+ t]m to its fri5ds4 ,dryopt]is1 ,greek = oak f]n1 has be5 *os5 by ,und]wood & ,britton & ,br[n & has gr[n 9 favor4 ,nephrodium1 mean+ kidney-l1 favor$ by ,dav5port1 ,wat]s &1 ( late1 ,clute1 is a mo/ fitt+ "n4 ,,!lypt]is1 mean+ lady f]n1 is f\nd to be ! e>lie/ "n 9 use & accord+ to rule ! correct "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,m>% ,f]n4 ,aspidium ,!lypt]is ,fronds p9nate1 lanceolate1 slightly or n at all n>r[$ at ! base4 ,p9nae horizontal or slightly recurv$1 l9e>-lanceolate & deeply p9natifid4 ,lobes obtuse1 b appe> acute :5 _! m>g9s are reflex$ ov] ! sori4 ,ve9s once =k$4 ,indusium m9ute4 ,/ipes tall1 lift+ ! blades t5 to fifte5 in*es above ! mud1 :5ce !y spr+4 ,! fronds ( ! m>% f]n are apt to be /]ile 9 deep %ade4 ,x may be readily di/+ui%$ f ! ,new ,york f]n by its broad base1 in/ead ( tap]+ to v small p9nae2 by its long /alk1 lift+ ! blade up into ! sunlight1 & by ! revolute m>g9s ( ! f]tile fronds1 :i* h sugge/$ = x ! "n ( snuff-box f]n4 ,x is sep>at$ f ! ,massa*usetts f]n by its =k$ ve9s4 ,common 9 m>%es & damp woodl&s2 ,canada to ,florida & we/w>d4 ,:ile ! m>% f]n loves moi/ure & %ade x is sometimes f\nd 9 dry1 op5 fields4 ,miss ,lilian ,a4 ,cole1 ( ,union1 ,me41 reports a colony z gr[+ on l& above ! swale 9 :i* ,twayblade & ,add]'s ,tongue are f\nd1 ar\nd rock heaps 9 op5 sunlight on clay soil1 b homely & twi/$1 z if a =m] woodsy environm5t _h be5 long s9ce cle>$ away :ile ! des]t$ f]ns p]si/$4 7#b7 ,,massa*usetts ,,f]n ,aspidium simulatum4 ,,!lypt]is ,,simulata ,dryopt]is simulata4 ,nephrodium simulatum ,fronds p9nate1 "o to ?ree feet long1 oblong-lanceolate1 some:at n>r[$ at ! base4 ,p9nae lanceolate1 deeply p9natifid1 ! l[] mo/ (t5 turn$ inw>d4 ,ve9s simple4 ,indusium gl&ul>4 ,sori r l>ge4 ,resembles ! m>% f]n1 ( :i* x 0 once ?\ght to be a v>iety4 ,9 "s respects x is also l ! ,new ,york f]n1 & is 9 fact int]m$iate betwe5 ! two4 ,illu/ration3 ,massa*usetts ,f]n4 ,aspidium simulatum #a4 ,/]ile ,frond4 #b4 ,a ,fruit+ ,p9nule4 #c4 ,p9nule enl>g$ %[+ v5ation 7,f ! ,f]n ,bullet97 ,t x is a di/9ct species 0 fir/ po9t$ out by ,raynal ,dodge 9 #ahhj1 & x lat] 0 nam$ simulatum by ,geo4 ,e4 ,dav5port because ( its simil>ity to a =m ( ! lady f]n4 ,x may be id5tifi$ by its ?9 texture & p>ticul>ly by its simple ve9s4 ,on acc\nt ( its close resemblance to ! m>% f]n1 ,clute w\ld call x ,! lance-leav$ ,m>% ,f]n1 in/ead ( ! irrelevant "n ( ,massa*usetts ,f]n4 ,woodl& swamps usually 9 deep %ade1 ,new ,engl& to ,m>yl& & we/w>d4 ,(t5 f\nd gr[+ ) ! m>% f]n4 7#c7 ,,new ,,york ,,f]n ,aspidium noveborac5se4 ,,!lypt]is ,,noveborac5sis ,dryopt]is noveborac5sis4 ,nephrodium noveborac5se ,fronds p9nate1 tap]+ bo? ways f ! middle4 ,p9nae lanceolate1 p9natifid1 ! l[e/ pairs gradually %ort] & deflex$4 ,ve9s simple4 ,indusium m9ute & beset ) gl&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,new ,york ,f]n4 ,aspidium noveborac5se ,v common 9 woodl&s1 pref]r+ a dry] soil ?an ! m>% f]n4 ,augu/4 ,! fronds are pale gre51 delicate & hairy b5ea? along ! midrib & ve9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,sori ( ,new ,york ,f]n 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,new ,york ,f]n4 ,aspidium noveborac5se ,:5 bruis$ its res9\s gl&s give out a pleas+1 f]ny odor4 ,?is species c be di/+ui%$ f e o!r by ! greatly r$uc$ p9nae at its base4 ,?r\gh\t ,nor? ,am]ica ea/ ( ! ,mississippi4 ,,! ,,bee* ,,f]ns ,! bee* f]ns are (t5 class$ ) ! polypodies1 because1 l !m1 !y h no indusium2 b 9 o!r ways !y are m ak9 to ! wood f]ns4 ,_! /ipes are n jo9t$ to ! root /ock1 nor are _! sori at ! ends ( ! ve9s z 9 ! polypodies4 ,we "h place !m ) ! wood f]ns1 reta9+ ! famili> "n ,phegopt]is b giv+ ,,!lypt]is z a synonym4 ,! fruit-dots are small1 r\nd & nak$1 borne on ! back ( ! ve9s bel[ ! apex4 ,/ipe cont9u\s ) ! root/ock4 ,ve9s free4 7,! "n ,phegopt]is 9 ,greek means oak or bee* f]n47 7#a7 ,,oak ,,f]n ,phegopt]is dryopt]is4 ,,!lypt]is ,,dryopt]is ,fronds glabr\s1 broadly triangul>1 t]nate1 f\r to sev5 in*es broad1 ! divisions widely spread+1 ea* division p9nate at ! base4 ,segm5ts oblong1 obtuse1 entire or too!d4 ,fruit-dots ne> ! m>g94 ,root/ock sl5d] & creep+ f :i* fronds are produc$ all summ]1 9 appe>ance l ! small1 t]nate divisions ( ! brack54 ,?is da9ty f]n has fronds ( a delicate yell[-gre51 ! gre5e/ ( all gre5 ?+s gr[+4 ,its t]nate "* is %[n ev5 9 ! uncoil+ ( ! fronds1 ! ?ree r\nd balls sugge/+ ! sign ( ! pawnbrok]4 ,! p>ts ( ! oak f]n develop ) great regul>ity1 ea* p9na1 p9nule & lobe hav+ ano!r exactly opposite to x ne>ly always4 ,9 rocky woods1 common nor?w>d2 also 9 ,virg9ia1 ,kansas & ,colorado4 ,a f9e species = cultivation at ! base ( ! artificial rock]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,oak ,f]n4 ,phegopt]is ,dryopt]is 7#b7 ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,oak ,,f]n ,phegopt]is ,rob]tiana4 ,phegopt]is calc>ea ,,!lypt]is ,,rob]tiana ,resembles ! oak f]n1 b ) fronds r l>g]1 especially ! t]m9al segm5t2 also m rigid & co>s] 9 appe>ance4 ,/alks & fronds m9utely gl&ul> b5ea?4 ,l[] p9nules ( ! lat]al divisions sc>cely long] ?an ! o!rs4 ,(t5 call$ ,lime/one ,polypody1 ! bee* f]ns hav+ =m]ly be5 class$ ) ! polypodies4 ,britton & ,br[n designate x z ! ,sc5t$ ,oak ,f]n4 ,canada & ! nor?we/]n /ates4 ,r>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,nor!rn ,oak ,f]n4 ,phegopt]is ,rob]tiana 7,f ,wat]'s ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,,broad ,,bee* ,,f]n4 ,phegopt]is hexagonopt]a 7#c7 ,,broad ,,bee* ,,f]n ,phegopt]is hexagonopt]a ,,!lypt]is ,,hexagonopt]a ,fronds triangul>1 broad] ?an long1 sev5 to twelve in*es broad1 spread+ m or less horizontally at ! summit ( ! /ipe2 pubesc5t & (t5 gl&ul> b5ea?2 p9nae fragrant1 lanceolate1 ! l[e/ pair usually mu* l>g] ?an ^? above1 hav+ ! segm5ts elongat$ & cut into lobes4 ,basal segm5ts decurr5t & =m+ a _m-angl$ w+ along ! ma9 ra*is4 ,fruit-dots small1 ne> ! m>g94 ,! broad bee* f]n is usually l>g] ?an its si/]1 ! long bee* f]n1 & ext5ds f>!r s\?1 rang+ f ,new ,engl& to ,m9nesota & s\?w>d to ,florida4 ,x is sometimes call$ six-angl$ polypody4 ,accord+ to ,dodge x is mo/ common 9 ,rhode ,isl& & ,connecticut4 ,x pref]s r dry1 op5 woods4 ,x is said to h a pleasant1 f]ny odor :5 bruis$4 ,augu/4 7#d7 ,,long ,,bee* ,,f]n ,phegopt]is polypodioides4 ,,!lypt]is ,,phegopt]is ,fronds triangul>1 long] ?an broad1 f\r to six in*es long1 twice p9natifid4 ,p9nae lanceolate1 acum9ate1 ! l[e/ pair deflex$ & /&+ =w>d2 cut into oblong1 obtuse segm5ts4 ,fruit-dots ne> ! m>g94 ,comp>$ ) ! broad bee* f]n ?is is ! m nor!rn species4 ,:ile usually q di/9ct 9 /ructure1 x sometimes approa*es its si/] f]n r closely4 ,x pref]s deep woods & %ad$ banks4 ,newf\ndl& to ,alaska & s\?w>d to ! m\nta9s ( ,virg9ia4 ,july4 ,illu/ration3 ,long ,bee* ,f]n4 ,phegopt]is polypodioides ,illu/ration3 ,! ,long ,bee* ,f]n ,,! ,,fragrant ,,f]n ,aspidium fragrans4 ,nephrodium fragrans ,,!lypt]is ,,fragrans4 ,dryopt]is fragrans ,fronds f\r to twelve in*es high1 gl&ul>-aromatic1 n>r[ly lanceolate & twice p9nate or ne>ly s4 ,p9nae oblong-lanceolate1 p9nate or deeply p9natifid4 ,p9nules too!d or entire ne>ly cov]$ b5ea? ) ! l>ge1 ?91 imbricat$ indusia :i* are orbicul> ) a n>r[ s9us1 hav+ ! m>g9s ragg$ & sp>+ly gl&ulif]\s4 ,/ipe %ort & *affy4 ,! fragrant f]n gr[s on high cliffs among ! m\nta9s ( nor!rn ,new ,engl&4 ,x is report$ f scatt]$ /ations 9 nor!rn ,ma9e1 f nor? ( ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s & f ,sunapee ,lake 9 ,new ,hamp%ire1 & 9 ! ,gre5 ,m\nta9s s\? to c5tral ,v]mont1 ,new ,brunswick & to ,m9nesota4 ,f\nd also 9 ,alaska & ,gre5l&4 ,?is mu*-covet$ f]n has a s+ul>ly sweet & la/+ fragrance1 comp>$ by "s to /rawb]ries1 by o!rs to new-m[n hay & sweet bri] leaves4 ,we h se5 h]b>ium specim5s t 7 mildly & pleasantly odor\s aft] sev]al ye>s4 ,:5 gr[+ ! f]n may be te/$ by its fragrance1 its /ick9ess & its beautiful br[n curls4 ,ev]gre54 ,spores rip5 ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fragrant ,f]n4 ,aspidium fragrans 7,mt4 ,mansfield4 ,vt47 ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,wood ,,f]ns ,,aspidium ,fronds p9nate1 ! p9nae p9natifid2 ,blade s(t & ?91 n ev]gre52 ,l[] p9nae r$uc$ to m]e lobes ,new ,york ,f]n ,l[] p9nae b slightly r$uc$2 ,ve9s simple4444444444444444444444,massa*usett s ,f]n ,ve9s =k$444444444444444444444444444444,m>% ,f]n ,blade r ?ick 7subcoreace\s7 mo/ly ev]gre52 ,fronds small1 n>r[1 gl&ul>1 rock species ,fragrant ,f]n ,fronds l>ge1 two or m feet high2 ,l[] p9nae %ort1 broadly triangul> ,cre/$ ,%ield ,f]n ,l[] p9nae long]2 ,sori close to ! m>g94444 ,m>g9al ,%ield ,f]n ,sori ne>] ! midve92 ,frond lanceolate44444444444444444444,male ,f]n ,frond ovate44444444444444,goldie's ,%ield ,f]n ,fronds twice p9nate ) ! l[] p9nules p9natifid ,boott's ,%ield ,f]n ,fronds ne>ly ?rice p9nate4444444444444444,sp9ulose ,%ield ,f]n ,illu/ration3 ,m>g9al ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium m>g9ale ,,! ,,wood ,,f]ns ,! f]ns ( ?is gr\p1 n c\nt+ ! small fragrant f]n1 pref] ! woods or at lea/ %ady places4 ,al?\gh ! g5us ,poly/i*um repres5ts ! true %ield f]ns1 ! wood f]ns are also ?us designat$1 z _! indusia h ne>ly ! %ape ( small1 r\ndi% %ields4 ,! old g5]ic "n = !m all 0 ,aspidium 7mean+ %ield71 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahjj4 ,= a long "t its *ief rival 0 ,nephrodium 7kidney-l71 #ahjc4 ,_m mod]n botani/s h pref]r$ ! e>li] "n ,dryopt]is 7#agfc71 mean+ oak f]n1 allud+1 p]haps1 to its =e/-lov+ habits4 ,,!lypt]is1 /ill e>li] 7#agfb71 may sup]s$e ! o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>g9al ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium m>g9ale 7,f ,woolson's ,f]ns1 ,d\bl$ay1 ,page ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,sori ( ,m>g9al ,%ield ,f]n 7#a7 ,,m>g9al ,,%ield ,,f]n1 ,,ev]gre5 ,,wood ,,f]n ,aspidium m>g9ale4 ,,!lypt]is ,,m>g9alis ,dryopt]is m>g9alis4 ,nephrodium m>g9ale ,fronds f a few in*es to ?ree feet long1 ovate-oblong1 some:at lea!ry1 smoo?1 twice p9nate4 ,p9nae lanceolate1 acum9ate1 broade/ j above ! base4 ,p9nules oblong1 (t5 slightly falcate1 entire or too!d4 ,fruit-dots l>ge1 r\nd1 close to ! m>g94 ,rocky hillsides 9 ri* woods1 r common ?r\gh\t our area4 ,! heavy root/ock rises slightly above ! gr\nd & is clo!d at ! cr[n ) %aggy1 br[n scales4 ,its ris+ caudex1 (t5 creep+ = sev]al in*es ov] b>e rocks1 sugge/s ! habit ( a tree f]n4 ,9 e>ly spr+ x s5ds up a graceful circle ( l>ge1 h&some1 blui%-gre5 blades4 ,! /ipes are %ort & d5sely *affy4 ,no o!r wood f]n endures ! w9t] s well4 ,! fronds burd5$ ) sn[ lop ov] among ! )]$ leaves & cont9ue gre5 until ! new ones %oot up 9 ! spr+4 ,x is ! mo/ valuable ( all ! wood f]ns = cultivation4 7#b7 ,,! ,,male ,,f]n ,aspidium ,filix-mas4 ,,!lypt]is ,,filix-,,mas ,dryopt]is ,filix-mas4 ,nephrodium ,filix-mas ,fronds lanceolate1 p9nate1 "o to ?ree feet high gr[+ 9 a cr[n f a %aggy root/ock4 ,p9nae lanceolate1 tap]+ f base to apex4 ,p9nules oblong1 obtuse1 s]rate at ! apex1 obscurely s at ! sides1 ! basal incisely lob$1 di/ant1 ! upp] conflu5t4 ,fruit-dots l>ge1 ne>] ! mid ve9 ?an ! m>g91 mo/ly on ! l[] half ( ea* f]tile segm5t4 ,! male f]n resembles ! m>g9al %ield f]n 9 outl9e1 b ! fronds are ?9n]1 are n ev]gre51 & ! sori are ne> ! midve94 ,its use 9 m$ic9e is ( long /&+4 ,its root/ock produces ! well-kn[n filix-mas ( ! ph>maci/4 ,?is has tonic & a/r+5t prop]ties1 b is ma9ly prescrib$ z a v]mifuge1 :i* is "o ( ! names giv5 to x4 ,9 ,europe x is reg>d$ z ! typical f]n1 be+ (t5] m5tion$ & figur$ ?an any o!r4 ,9 rocky woods1 ,canada1 ,nor?field1 ,vt41 & nor?we/ to ! great lakes1 also 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,male ,f]n4 ,aspidium ,filix-mas 7,v]mont7 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc;,g4 ,aspidium filix mas #a1 ,illu/ration exhibit+ g5]al habit2 a1 "y leaves3 #b1 transv]se section ( rhizome %[+ ! conduct+ bundles a3 #c1 portion ( ! leaf be>+ sori2 a indusium b1 sporangia2 #d1 longitud9al2 #e1 transv]se section ( a soris2 a1 leaf2 b1 indusium2 c1 sporangia3 #f1 a s+le sporangium2 a1 /alk2 c1 annulus2 d1 spores4 7,aft] ,,wossidlo ,,(fic9al7 ,f a ,g]man pr9t1 giv+ details 7#c7 ,,goldie',s ,,f]n ,aspidium ,goldianum4 ,,!lypt]is ,,goldiana ,dryopt]is ,goldiana4 ,nephrodium ,goldianum ,fronds two to f\r feet high & (t5 "o foot broad1 p9nate1 broadly ovate1 especially ! /]ile ones4 ,p9nae deeply p9natifid1 broade/ 9 ! middle4 ,! divisions 7eighte5 or tw5ty pairs7 oblong-l9e>1 slightly too!d4 ,fruit-dots v ne> ! midve94 ,indusium l>ge1 orbicul>1 ) a deep1 n>r[ s9us4 ,scales d>k br[n to ne>ly black ) a peculi> silky lu/re4 ,a magnific5t species1 ! talle/ & l>ge/ ( ! wood f]ns4 ,x delights 9 ri* woodl&s :]e !re is lime/one4 ,its range is f ,canada to ,k5tucky4 ,:ile n common1 !re are num]\s colonies 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,x is report$ f ,fairfield1 ,me41 ,sp5c] & ,mt4 ,toby1 ,mass41 & frequ5tly we/ ( ! ,connecticut ,riv]4 ,we h (t5 admir$ a l>ge & beautiful colony ( x on ! we/ side ( ,will\ghby ,m\nta9 9 ,v]mont4 ,x is easily cultivat$ & adds grace & dignity to a f]n g>d54 ,illu/ration3 ,goldie's ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium ,goldianum 7,v]mont1 #ahgd4 ,c4,g4 ,pr+le7 7,h]b>ium ( ,g4,e4 ,dav5port7 ,illu/ration3 ,goldie's ,f]n 7,f ,woolson's ,f]ns1 ,d\bl$ay1 ,page ,co47 7#d7 ,,! ,,cre/$ ,,f]n ,aspidium cri/atum4 ,,!lypt]is ,,cri/ata ,dryopt]is cri/ata4 ,nephrodium cri/atum ,fronds "o to two feet long1 l9e>-oblong or lanceolate1 p9nate1 acute4 ,p9nae two to ?ree in*es long1 broade/ at ! base1 triangul>-oblong1 or ! l[e/ triangul>4 ,divisions oblong1 obtuse1 f9ely s]rate or cut-too!d1 ^? ne>e/ ! ra*is sometimes sep>ate4 ,fruit-dots l>ge1 r\nd1 half way betwe5 ! midve9 & ! m>g94 ,indusium smoo?1 nak$1 ) a %all[ s9us4 ,! %ort /]ile fronds1 ?\gh spread+ out gracefully1 are conspicu\s only 9 w9t]2 :ile ! f]tile fronds1 tall1 n>r[ & erect1 are f\nd only 9 summ]4 ,x is "o ( our h&some/ ev]gre5 f]ns & ev5 ! l>ge sori1 ) _! d>k spore cases & :ite indusia1 are v attractive4 ,! f]tile p9nae h a way ( turn+ _! faces upw>d t[>d ! apex ( ! frond = m light4 ,9 moi/ l&1 ,canada to ,k5tucky4 ,v>4 ,cl9tonianum4 ,cl9ton's ,wood ,f]n4 ,resembles ! type1 b is 9 e way l>g]4 ,divisions eight to sixte5 pairs4 ,fruit-dots ne> ! midve91 ! sides ( ! s9us (t5 ov]lapp+4 ,s\? c5tral ,ma9e to ,new ,york & we/w>d4 ,r>e 9 ,new ,engl& atta9+ its be/ developm5t 9 we/]n sections4 7,dodge47 ,mt4 ,toby1 ,mass41 ,hanov]1 ,n4,h4 ,july4 ,f9e = cultivation4 ,illu/ration3 ,cre/$ ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium cri/atum 7,read+1 ,mass41 ,k+man7 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,cre/$ ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium cri/atum ,illu/ration3 ,cl9ton's ,wood ,f]n4 ,aspidium cri/atum1 v>4 ,cl9tonianum 7,gray ,h]b>ium7 ,,cre/$ ,,m>g9al ,,f]n ,aspidium cri/atum ,x m>g9ale ,bo? ! cre/$ f]n & ,cl9ton's f]n appe> to hybridize ) ! m>g9al %ield f]n ) ! result t ! upp] "p ( ! frond is l m>g9ale & ! l[] l cri/atum1 includ+ ! ve9+ & texture4 ,?is =m 0 discov]$ by ,raynal ,dodge1 v]ifi$ by ,m>g>et ,slosson & describ$ by ,geo4 ,e4 ,dav5port1 :o _h a small colony "u cultivation 9 8 f]n g>d5 at ,m$=d1 ,mass41 & to him ! writ] & o!r fri5ds are indebt$ = specim5s4 ,f\nd occasionally ?r\gh\t ,new ,engl& & ,new ,j]sey4 ,o!r suppos$ hybrids h be5 f\nd betwe5 ! m>g9al %ield & ! sp9ulose f]n & its v>iety int]m$ium1 & ) ,goldie's f]n2 also betwe5 ! cre/$ f]n1 includ+ ,cl9ton's v>iety & ea* ( ! o!rs m5tion$2 &1 9 fact1 betwe5 almo/ all pairs ( species ( ! wood f]ns1 al?\gh we d n ?9k !y h be5 positively v]ifi$4 ,/ill o!r species ( f]ns are kn[n to hybridize m or less1 z we saw 9 ! case ( ,scott's sple5wort4 ,illu/ration3 ,cre/$ ,m>g9al ,f]n4 ,a ,hybrid4 ,aspidium ,cri/atum ,x m>g9ale 7,f]n]y ( ,geo4 ,e4 ,dav5port7 ,illu/ration3 ,aspidium cri/atum ,x m>g9ale ,"o ( ! v be/ = cultivation 7#e7 ,,boott',s ,,%ield ,,f]n ,aspidium ,boottii4 ,,!lypt]is ,,boottii ,dryopt]is ,boottii4 ,nephrodium ,boottii ,fronds "o to ?ree feet high1 oblong-lanceolate1 bip9nate1 ! upp] p9nae lanceolate1 ! l[] triangul> ) sp9ulose tee?4 ,sori 9 r[s ea* side ( ! midve91 "o to ea* too? & (t5 scatt]+ on ! l[] p9ules4 ,indusium l>ge1 m9utely gl&ul>1 v>iable4 ,?is f]n has be5 ?\ght to be a hybrid betwe5 ! cre/$ & sp9ulose f]ns1 b is n[ reg>d$ z di/9ct4 ,l ! cre/$ f]n its f]tile fronds )] 9 autumn1 :ile its /]ile blades rema9 gre5 ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,x diff]s f x1 h[ev]1 by be+ twice p9nate bel[1 & f ! typical sp9ulose f]n by its gl&ul> indusium2 b f ! int]m$iate v>iety x is m difficult to sep>ate x1 z t also has indusiate gl&s4 ,! collector ne$s to /udy au!ntic specim5s & h 9 m9d ! type1 ) its r long1 n>r[ blade z an aid to ! v]bal description1 & ev5 !n he w (t5 f9d x an int]e/+ puzzle4 ,%ad$ swamps ?r\gh\t our area4 ,illu/ration3 ,aspidium ,boottii 7#f7 ,,sp9ulose ,,%ield ,,f]n ,aspidium sp9ulosum4 ,,!lypt]is ,,sp9ulosa ,dryopt]is sp9ulosa4 ,nephrodium sp9ulosum ,/ipes ) a few pale br[n decidu\s scales4 ,fronds "o to two & "o-half feet long1 ovate-lanceolate1 twice p9nate4 ,p9nae oblique to ! ra*is1 ! l[] ones broadly triangul>1 ! upp] ones elongat$4 ,p9nules on ! inf]ior side ( ! p9nae (t5 elongat$1 especially ! l[] pair1 ! p9nule ne>e/ ! ra*is be+ usually ! longe/1 at lea/ 9 ! l[e/ p9nae4 ,p9nules v>i\sly cut into sp9ulose-too!d segm5ts4 ,indusium smoo?1 )\t m>g9al gl&s4 ,! common ,european type1 b 9 ?is c\ntry f> less common ?an its v>ieties4 ,!y all pref] ri*1 damp woods1 & because ( _! graceful outl9e & sp9y-too!d lobes are v attractive4 ,!y c be transplant$ )\t great difficulty1 & ! f]n g>d5 dep5ds ^u !m = its mo/ effective lacework4 ,v>4 int]m$ium has ! scales ( ! /ipe br[n ) d>k] c5t]4 ,fronds ovate-oblong1 (t5 trip9nate4 ,p9nae spread+1 oblong-lanceolate4 ,p9nules p9nately cleft1 ! oblong lobes sp9ulose-too!d at ! apex4 ,m>g9 ( ! indusium d5ticulate & beset ) m9ute1 /alk$ gl&s4 ,9 woods ne>ly ev]y:]e--our mo/ common =m4 ,millions ( fronds ( ?is v>iety are ga!r$ 9 our nor!rn woods1 plac$ 9 cold /orage & s5t to flori/s to be us$ 9 decorations4,a ,z long z ! roots are n di/urb$ ! crop is r5ew$ f ye> to ye>1 & no great h>m seems to result4 ,canada to ,k5tucky & we/w>d4 ,footnote ,a3 ,horticulture reports t tw5ty-eight million f]n leaves h be5 %ipp$ f ,b5n+ton1 ,vt41 9 a s+le season2 & t ne>ly #ajj1jjj 7 paid out 9 wages4 ,illu/ration3 ,sp9ulose ,%ield ,f]n4 ,aspidium sp9ulosum 7,ma9e1 #ahgg1 ,h]b>ium ( ,geo4 ,e4 ,dav5port7 ,illu/ration3 ,aspidium sp9ulosum1 v>4 int]m$ium ,illu/ration3 ,aspidium sp9ulosum1 v>4 ,,am]icanum ,a trip9nate =m ( ?is v>iety discov]$ at ,concord1 ,mass41 by ,h5ry ,purdie1 has be5 nam$ v>4 ,,concordianum4 ,x has small1 elliptical1 d5ticulate p9nules & a gl&ul>-pubesc5t indusium4 ,v>4 ,,am]icanum 7dilatatum1 syn474 ,fronds broad]1 ovate or triangul>-ovate 9 outl9e4 ,a m highly develop$ =m ( ! typical plant1 ! l[] p9nae be+ (t5 v broad1 & ! fronds trip9nate4 ,inf]ior p9nules on ! l[] pair ( p9nae conspicu\sly elongat$4 ,a v>iety pref]r+ upl& woods2 nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 ,gre5l& to ! m\nta9s ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,mi*igan & nor?w>d4 ,,! ,,bladd] ,,f]ns4 ,cy/opt]is ,m>k ye ! f]ns t clo! ^! dripp+ rocks1 ,_! hair-l /alks1 ?\gh trembl+ 'nea? ! %ock ,( fall+ spraydrops1 root$ firmly !re4 ,! bladd] f]ns are a da9ty1 rock-lov+ family p>tial to a lime/one soil4 7,! ,greek "n cy/opt]is means bladd] f]n1 s call$ 9 allusion to ! hood-%ap$ indusium47 7#a7 ,,! ,,bulblet ,,bladd] ,,f]n ,cy/opt]is bulbif]a4 ,filix bulbif]a ,fronds lanceolate1 elongat$1 "o to ?ree feet long1 twice p9nate4 ,p9nae lanceolate-oblong1 po9t$1 horizontal1 ! l[e/ pair longe/4 ,ra*is & p9nae (t5 be>+ bulblets b5ea?4 ,p9nules too!d or deeply lob$4 ,indusium %ort1 truncate on ! free side4 ,/ipe %ort4 ,illu/ration3 ,bulblet ,bladd] ,f]n4 ,cy/opt]is bulbif]a 7,will\ghby1 ,vt41 #aijd1 ,g4,h4,t47 ,illu/ration3 ,bulblet ,bladd] ,f]n4 ,cy/opt]is bulbif]a ,"o ( ! mo/ graceful & attractive ( our native f]ns2 an object ( beauty1 :e!r /&+ alone or mass$ ) o!r gr[?s4 ,x is v easily cultivat$ & "o ( ! be/ = drap+4 ,we may drape our homes by ! y>d1 says ,woolson1 ) ! mo/ graceful & filmy ( our common f]ns1 ! bladd] f]n4 ,?is f]n & ! maid5hair 7 introduc$ into ,europe 9 #afbh by ,john ,tradescant1 ! fir/ f ,am]ica4 ,x delights 9 %ad$ rav9es & dripp+ hillsides 9 lime/one di/ricts4 ,:ile produc+ spores freely x seems to propagate its species ma9ly by bulblets1 :i*1 fall+ into a moi/ soil1 at once s5d out a pair ( gr[+ roots1 :ile a t9y frond />ts to uncoil f ! he>t ( ! bulb4 ,mt4 ,toby1 ,mass41 ,will\ghby ,m\nta91 ,vt41 calc>e\s regions 9 ,ma9e1 & we/ ( ! ,connecticut ,riv]1 ,newf\ndl& to ,manitoba1 ,wiscons9 & ,i[a2 s\? to nor!rn ,georgia1 ,alabama & ,arkansas4 7#b7 ,,! ,,common ,,bladd] ,,f]n ,cy/opt]is fragilis4 ,filix fragilis ,/ipe long & brittle4 ,fronds oblong-lanceolate1 five to twelve in*es long1 twice p9nate1 ! p9nae (t5 p9natifid or cut-too!d1 ovate-lanceolate1 decurr5t on ! w+$ ra*is4 ,indusium appe>+ acute at ! free end4 ,v v>iable 9 ! cutt+ ( ! p9nules4 ,! fragile bladd] f]n1 z x is (t5 call$1 & :i* ! "n fragilis sugge/s1 is ! e>lie/ to appe> 9 ! spr+1 & ! fir/ to disappe>1 z by ! end ( ,july x has dis*>g$ its spores & )]$ away4 ,(t51 h[ev]1 a new crop spr+s up by ! la/ ( ,augu/1 z if ,nature 7 r5ew+ h] y\?4 ,9 outl9e ! fragile bladd] f]n sugge/s ! blunt-lob$ ,woodsia1 b 9 ! latt] ! p9nae & p9nules are usually broad] & blunt]1 & its indusium splits into jagg$ lobes4 ,r common 9 damp1 %ady places :]e rocks ab\nd4 ,9 "o =m or ano!r1 f\nd ne>ly ?r\gh\t ! _w ?\gh only on m\nta9s 9 ! tropics4 ,illu/ration3 ,fragile ,bladd] ,f]n1 ,fruit$ ,portion ,illu/ration3 ,fragile ,bladd] ,f]n4 ,cy/opt]is fragilis 7,wakefield1 ,mass47 ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,woodsias ,/ipes n jo9t$3 ,indusium ample1 segm5ts broad1 frond )\t hairs4 ,obtuse ,woodsia4 ,p9nae hispidul\s1 ) :ite jo9t$ hairs b5ea?4 ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,woodsia4 ,fronds bright gre51 p9nae glabr\s1 oblong4 ,oregon ,woodsia4 ,fronds dull gre51 lanceolate1 gl&ul> b5ea?4 ,ca?c>t's ,woodsia4 ,/ipes obscurely jo9t$ ne> ! base3 ,fronds m or less *affy1 p9nae oblong to ovate1 cr[d$4 ,ru/y ,woodsia4 ,fronds l9e>1 smoo?1 p9nae deltoid or orbicul>4 ,smoo? ,woodsia4 ,fronds lanceolate1 a few :ite scales b5ea?2 p9nae deltoid-ovate4 ,alp9e ,woodsia4 ,,! ,,woodsias ,small1 tuft$1 p9nately divid$ f]ns4 ,fruit-dots borne on ! back ( simply =k$1 free ve9s4 ,indusium fix$ b5ea? ! sori1 ?9 & (t5 evanesc5t1 ei!r small & op51 or e>ly bur/+ at ! top into irregul> pieces or lobes4 7,nam$ = ,james ,woods1 an ,engli% botani/47 7#a7 ,,ru/y ,,woodsia4 ,woodsia ilv5sis ,fronds oblong-lanceolate1 ?ree to t5 in*es high1 r smoo? above1 ?ickly clo!d und]nea? ) ru/y1 bri/le-l *aff4 ,p9nate1 ! p9nae cr[d$1 sessile1 cut into oblong segm5ts4 ,fruit-dots ne> ! m>g9 (t5 conflu5t at maturity4 ,indusium divid$ ne>ly 9 ! c5t] into sl5d] hairs :i* are curl$ ov] ! sporangia4 ,/ipes jo9t$ an in* or s above ! root/ock4 ,illu/ration3 ,ru/y ,woodsia1 ,woodsia ilv5sis ,! ru/y ,woodsia is decid$ly a rock-lov+ f]n1 & (t5 gr[s on high cliffs expos$ to ! sun2 its root/ock & fronds are cov]$ ) silv]-:ite1 hair-l scales1 especially und]nea?4 ,^! scales turn br[n 9 age1 :5ce ! "n1 ru/y4 ,z ! %ort /ipes sep>ate at ! jo9ts f ! root/ock1 !y leave at ! base a ?ick /ubble1 :i* s]ves to id5tify ! f]n4 ,expos$ rocks1 ,labrador to ,nor? ,c>ol9a & we/w>d4 ,r common 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,said to be v abundant on ! trap rock hillocks ab\t ,little ,falls1 ,n4,j41 :]e x gr[s 9 d5se tufts4 7#b7 ,,nor!rn ,,woodsia4 ,,alp9e ,,woodsia ,woodsia alp9a4 ,woodsia hyp]borea ,fronds n>r[ly lanceolate1 two to six in*es long1 smoo? above1 some:at hairy b5ea?1 p9nate4 ,p9nae triangul>-ovate1 obtuse1 lob$1 ! lobes few & ne>ly entire4 ,fruit-dots r>ely conflu5t4 ,indusium z 9 ,woodsia ilv5sis4 ,illu/ration3 ,details ( ,nor!rn ,woodsia4 ,woodsia alp9a ,?\ght by "s botani/s to be a smoo? =m ( ,woodsia ilv5sis4 ,x 0 discov]$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,horace ,mann1 9 #ahfc1 at ,will\ghby ,lake1 ,vt4 ,tw5ty ye>s or m lat] x 0 collect$ by ,c4,h4 ,peck 9 ! ,adirondacks1 :o suppos$ x to be ,woodsia glabella4 ,9 #ahig x 0 r$iscov]$ at ,will\ghby ,lake by ,c4,h4 ,pr+le4 ,new ,york1 ,v]mont1 ,ma9e1 & ,briti% ,am]ica4 ,r>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,nor!rn ,woodsia1 ,woodsia alp9a 7,f ,wat]s' ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 7#c7 ,,blunt-,,lob$ ,,woodsia4 ,woodsia obtusa ,fronds broadly lanceolate1 t5 to eighte5 in*es long1 ne>ly twice p9nate1 (t5 m9utely gl&ul>4 ,p9nae r remote1 triangul>-ovate or oblong1 p9nately p>t$ into obtuse1 oblong1 too!d segm5ts4 ,ve9s =k$4 ,fruit-dots on or ne> ! m>g9 ( ! lobes4 ,indusium conspicu\s1 at l5g? splitt+ into sev]al spread+1 jagg$ lobes4 ,illu/ration3 ,blunt-lob$ ,woodsia4 ,woodsia obtusa ,?is is our mo/ common species ( ,woodsia & x has a wid] range ?an ! o!rs1 ext5d+ f ,ma9e & ,nova ,scotia to ,georgia & we/w>d4 ,on rocky banks & cliffs4 ,! sori ( ?is species h a peculi> beauty on acc\nt ( ! />-%ap$ indusium1 z x splits into fragm5ts4 ,v>4 angu/a is a =m ) v n>r[ fronds & p9nae4 ,highl&s1 ,new ,york4 ,! type gr[s 9 ,middlesex ,c\nty1 ,mass41 b is r>e4 7#d7 ,,smoo? ,,woodsia4 ,woodsia glabella ,fronds two to five in*es high1 v delicate1 l9e>1 p9nate4 ,p9nae remote at ! base1 r\ndi%-ovate1 v obtuse ) a few cr5ate lobes4 ,/ipes jo9t$1 /raw-color$4 ,hairs ( ! indusium few & m9ute4 ,illu/ration3 ,smoo? ,woodsia4 ,woodsia glabella 7,will\ghhy ,m\nta91 ,vt4 ,g4,h4,t47 ,on moi/1 mossy1 mo/ly calc>e\s rocks1 nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 ,m\nt ,mansfield1 ,will\ghby1 & ,bak]sfield ,l$ge1 ,vt41 ,gorham1 ,n4,h41 also ,newf\ndl&1 ,new ,york1 & f> to ! nor?we/4 ,n v common4 ,x diff]s f ! alp9e species by ! abs5ce ( scales above ! jo9t4 ,z ! "n implies1 ! plant is smoo?1 except = ! *affy scales at or ne> ! root/ock1 :i* m>k all ! ,woodsias1 & _m o!r f]ns1 & :i* s]ve z a protective cov]+ aga9/ sudd5 *anges 9 extremes ( heat & cold4 7#e7 ,,oregon ,,woodsia4 ,woodsia oregana ,fronds two to t5 in*es high1 smoo?1 bright gre51 gl&ul> b5ea?1 n>r[ly lance-oblong1 bip9natifid4 ,p9nse triangul>-oblong1 obtuse1 p9natifid4 ,segm5ts ovate or oblong1 obtuse1 cr5ate1 ! tee? or m>g9 ne>ly always reflex$4 ,indusium m9ute1 conceal$ b5ea? ! sorus1 divid$ into a few bead$ hairs4 ,l ! obtuse ,woodsia ?is f]n has no jo9t ne> ! base ( ! /ipe1 b is mu* small] & has sev]al po9ts ( diff]5ce4 ,lime/one cliffs1 ,gaspe ,p59sula1 s\!rn %ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior1 ,colorado1 ,oregon to ! nor?we/4 ,its ea/]n limit is nor!rn ,mi*igan4 7#f7 ,,rocky ,,m\nta9 ,,woodsia4 ,woodsia scopul9a ,fronds six to fifte5 in*es long smoo?1 lanceolate1 p9natifid4 ,p9nae triangul>-ovate1 ! l[e/ pair %ort5$4 ,"u surface ( ! :ole frond hispidul\s ) m9ute1 :ite hairs & /alk$ gl&s4 ,indusium hidd5 b5ea? ! sporangia1 consi/+ mo/ly ( a few hair-l divisions4 ,9 crevices ( rocks1 m\nta9s ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ,gaspe ,p59sula1 ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & we/w>d to ,oregon & ,cali=nia4 7#g7 ,,ca?c>t',s ,,woodsia4 ,woodsia ,ca?c>tiana ,fronds eight to twelve in*es high1 lanceolate1 bip9natifid1 f9ely gl&ul>-pub]ul5t4 ,p9nse oblong2 ! l[] di/ant segm5ts oblong1 d5ticulate1 sep>at$ by wide s9uses4 ,rocky riv] banks1 we/ ,mi*igan to nor!a/ ,m9nesota4 ,,d5n/a$tia4 ,dicksonia ,fruit-dots small1 globul>1 m>g9al1 ea* on ! apex ( a ve9 or =k4 ,sporangia borne on an elevat$1 globul> receptacle 9 a membran\s1 cup-%ap$ indusium :i* is op5 at ! top4 7,nam$ 9 honor ( ,augu/ ,wilhelm ,d5n/a$47 ,,haysc5t$ ,,f]n4 ,,b\ld] ,,f]n ,,d5n/a$tia ,,punctilobula,a ,dicksonia punctilobula4 ,dicksonia pilosiuscula ,footnote ,a3 ,we aga9 rem9d our read]s t ! ,lat9 names 9 small capitals repres5t ! new] nom5clature4 ,fronds "o to ?ree feet high1 m9utely gl&ul> & hairy1 ovate-lanceolate1 pale gre51 v ?9 & mo/ly bip9nate4 ,prim>y p9nae 9 outl9e l ! frond2 ! second>y1 p9natifid into oblong & obtuse1 cut-too!d lobes4 ,fruit-dots m9ute1 ea* on a recurv$ too?let1 usually "o at ! upp] m>g9 ( ea* lobe4 ,indusium fix$ "u ! sporangia1 appe>+ l a t9y gre5 cup fill$ ) spore cases4 ,illu/ration3 ,haysc5t$ ,f]n4 ,d5n/a$tia punctilobula 7,sudbury1 ,mass4 ,g4,e4,d47 ,illu/ration3 ,=k$ ,v>iety ( ,haysc5t$ ,f]n ,illu/ration3 ,haysc5t$ ,f]n4 ,d5n/a$tia punctilobula ,:ile ,d5n/a$tia is ! approv$ sci5tific "n ( ?is species1 ! "n ,dicksonia has come to be us$ almo/ z commonly z hay sc5t$ f]n or b\ld] f]n4 ,x is "o ( our mo/ graceful & delicate species1 its long-tap]+ outl9e sugge/+ ! bulblet bladd] f]n4 ,x delights to clu/] ar\nd rocks & b\ld]s 9 upl& fields & pa/ures & 9 ! m>g9 ( rocky woods4 ,x is sweet-sc5t$ 9 dry+4 ,a f9e species = ! f]n]y & "o ( ! mo/ decorative ( ! entire f]n family4 ,! effect ( ! %imm]+ fronds1 s delicately wr\ght1 flank$ by ev]gre5s1 is highly arti/ic4 ,f9e-hair$ m\nta9 f]n1 pa/ure f]n1 & hairy ,dicksonia are o!r names4 ,canada to ,t5nessee & we/w>d4 ,v>4 cri/ata has ! fronds m or less =k$ at ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9nule & ,sori ,illu/ration3 ,mass ( ,s5sitive ,f]n ,,! ,,s5sitive ,,& ,,o/ri* ,,f]ns ,onoclea4 ,,pt]etis4 ,matteuccia4 ,/ru?iopt]is 7,la/ ?ree names appli$ to ,o/ri* ,f]n only47 ,x is a "q :e!r ! s5sitive & o/ri* f]n %\ld be includ$ 9 ! same g5us4 ,!y are simil> 9 _m respects1 b n 9 all4 ,! s5sitive f]n has a runn+ root/ock1 scatt]$ fronds1 & nett$ ve9s2 :ile ! o/ri* f]n has an upright root/ock1 fronds 9 cr[ns1 & free ve9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,s5sitive ,f]n4 ,gradations f ,leaf to ,fruit4 ,obtusilobata ,=m 7#a7 ,,s5sitive ,,f]n4 ,onoclea s5sibilis ,fronds "o to ?ree feet high1 scatt]$ along a creep+ root/ock1 broadly triangul>1 deeply p9natifid1 ) segm5ts s9uately lob$ or ne>ly entire4 ,ve9s reticulat$ ) f9e me%es4 ,! f]tile fronds %ort]1 closely bip9nate ) ! p9nules roll$ up into b]ry-l /ructures :i* conta9 ! spore cases4 7,! "n 9 ,greek means a clos$ vessel1 9 allusion to ! b]ry-l f]tile segm5ts47 ,! s5sitive f]n is s call$ f its be+ v s5sitive to fro/4 ,! /]ile & f]tile fronds are totally unlike1 ! latt] n com+ out ( ! gr\nd until ab\t ,july1 :5 !y appe> l r[s ( small1 gre5 grapes or b]ries1 b soon turn d>k & rema9 erect all w9t]1 & (t5 d n dis*>ge _! spores until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! little b]ry-l /ructures ( ! f]tile frond repres5t p9nules1 be>+ fruit-dots1 ar\nd :i* !y are closely roll$4 ,z ,wat]s rem>ks1 ,mo/ f]ns hold ! sori 9 ! op5 h&1 b ! s5sitive f]n grasps !m tightly 9 ! cl5*$ fi/4 ,v>4 obtusilobata is an abortive =m ) ! f]tile segm5ts only p>tially develop$4 ,! illu/ration %[s sev]al int]m$iate =ms4 ,illu/ration3 ,sori ( ,s5sitive ,f]n ,illu/ration3 ,s5sitive ,f]n4 ,onoclea s5sibilis ,illu/ration3 ,s5sitive ,f]n1 ,f]tile & ,/]ile ,fronds on "o ,/ock ,onoclea s5sibilis 7,f ! collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,l4,p4 ,breck5ridge7 ,illu/ration3 ,o/ri* ,f]n4 ,onoclea ,/ru?iopt]is4 ,f]tile ,fronds 7#b7 ,,o/ri* ,,f]n ,onoclea /ru?iopt]is4 ,,pt]etis ,,nodulosa ,/ru?iopt]is ,g]manica4 ,matteuccia /ru?iopt]is ,fronds two to eight feet high1 gr[+ 9 a cr[n2 broadly lanceolate1 p9nate1 ! num]\s p9nae deeply p9natifid1 n>r[$ t[>d ! *annel$ /ipe4 ,f]tile fronds %ort]1 p9nate ) m>g9s ( ! p9nae revolute into a necklace =m conta9+ ! sori4 ,illu/ration3 ,o/ri* ,f]n4 ,/]ile ,fronds 7,new ,hamp%ire7 ,! root/ocks s5d out sl5d]1 und]gr\nd /olons :i* be> fronds ! next ye>4 ,/]ile fronds appe> ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 f]tile ones 9 ,july4 ,se5 f a di/ance its graceful leaf-cr[ns resemble ^? ( ! c9namon f]n4 ,an int]m$iate =m betwe5 ! f]tile & /]ile fronds is sometimes f\nd1 z 9 ! s5sitive f]n4 ,?is h&some species ?rives "u cultivation4 ,= grace & dignity x is unrival$1 & = aggressiv5ess x is1 p]haps1 equal$ only by ! lady f]n4 ,= ! climax ( beauty x %\ld be comb9$ ) ! maid5hair4 ,! o/ri* f]n is fairly common 9 alluvial soil ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,illu/ration3 ,sori & sporangia ( ,o/ri* ,f]n ,,ii ,,! ,,fl[]+ ,,f]n ,,family ,,osmundaceae ,?is family is repres5t$ 9 ,nor? ,am]ica by ?ree species1 all ( :i* belong to ! s+le g5us4 ,,osmunda ,! osmundas are tall swamp f]ns gr[+ 9 l>ge cr[ns f /rong1 ?ick5$ root/ocks2 ! fruit+ portion ( ! f]tile frond mu* contract$ & q unlike ! /]ile4 ,sporangia l>ge1 globul>1 %ort-/alk$1 borne on ! m>g9 ( ! divisions & op5+ into two valves by a longitud9al slit4 ,r+ obscure4 7,f ,osmund]1 a "n ( ! god ,?or47 7#a7 ,,fl[]+ ,,f]n1 ,,royal ,,f]n ,osmunda regalis4 ,osmunda regalis1 v>4 ,,spectabilis ,fronds pale gre51 "o to six feet high2 /]ile "p bip9nate1 ea* p9na hav+ num]\s pairs ( lance-oblong1 s]rulate p9nules alt]nate along ! midrib4 ,fruit+ panicle ( ! frond six to twelve in*es long1 br[n :5 mature & sometimes leafy4 ,a magnific5t f]n1 univ]sally admir$4 ,well nam$ by ! great ,l9naeus1 regalis1 royal1 inde$1 9 its type ( que5ly beauty4 ,! w9e-color$ /ipes ( ! uncoil+ fronds %oot+ up 9 e>ly spr+1 lift+ gracefully _! p9k p9nae & pretty panicles ( bright gre5 spore cases1 ?r[ an indescribable *>m ov] ! mead[s & clo! ev5 ! wet1 /agnant swamps ) beauty nor is ! attraction less :5 ! %[y fronds exp& 9 summ] & ! gre5 sporangia are turn$ to br[n4 ,! /\t root/ocks are (t5 erect1 ris+ sev]al in*es to a foot above ! gr\nd1 z if 9 imitation ( a tree f]n4 ,! poet ,wordwor? h9ts at some:at diff]5t orig9 ( ! "n f t giv5 "h4 ,fair f]ns & fl[]s & *iefly t tall f]n ,s /ately ( ! ,que5 ,osm&a nam$4 ,illu/ration3 ,royal or ,fl[]+ ,f]n ,osmunda regalis ,! royal f]n may be transplant$ ) success if giv5 good soil1 suffici5t %ade & pl5ty ( wat]4 ,common 9 swamps & damp places4 ,newf\ndl& to ,virg9ia & nor?we/w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,sori ( ,osmunda regalis 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 7#b7 ,,int]rupt$ ,,f]n4 ,,clayton',s ,,f]n ,osmunda ,claytoniana ,fronds p9nate1 "o to five feet high4 ,p9nae cut into oblong1 obtuse lobes4 ,f]tile fronds tall] ?an ! /]ile1 hav+ f "o to five pairs ( int]m$iate p9nae contract$ & be>+ sporangia4 ,illu/ration3 ,int]rupt$ ,f]n4 ,osmunda ,claytoniana ,! fronds h a blui%-gre5 t9t2 !y mature _! spores ab\t ! la/ ( ,may4 ,! /]ile fronds may be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! c9namon f]n by n hav+ reta9$1 l ^?1 a tuft ( wool at ! base ( ea* p9na4 ,besides1 9 ,clayton's f]n ! fronds are broad]1 blunt] & ?9n] 9 texture1 & ! segm5ts m r\nd$2 ! fronds are also m incl9$ to curve outw>ds4 ,!y turn yell[ 9 ! fall1 at times flood+ ! woods ) gold5 light1 b soon smitt5 by ! e>ly fro/s !y )] & disappe>4 ,! int]rupt$ f]n is r common 9 damp1 rocky woods & pa/ures2 ,newf\ndl& to ,m9nesota1 s\? to ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,miss\ri4 ,al?\gh fond ( moi/ure x is easily cultivat$ & its graceful outl9es make x wor?y ( a prom95t place 9 ! f]n g>d54 ,v>4 dubia has ! p9nules ( ! /]ile frond widely sep>at$1 & ! upp]-middle ones mu* elongat$4 ,s\!rn ,v]mont4 ,illu/ration3 ,int]rupt$ ,f]n ) ! ,f]tile ,p9nules ,spread ,op5 7#c7 ,,c9namon ,,f]n4 ,,brakes ,osmunda c9namomea ,fronds "o to six feet long1 p9nate4 ,p9nae lanceolate1 p9natifid ) oblong1 obtuse divisions4 ,f]tile p9nae on sep>ate fronds1 :i* are contract$ & cov]$ ) br[n sporangia4 ,illu/ration3 ,c9namon ,f]n4 ,leaf ,gradations ,illu/ration3 ,c9namon ,f]n4 ,gradations f ,/]ile to ,f]tile ,fronds ,illu/ration3 ,c9namon ,f]n1 v>4 frondosa ,ea* f]tile frond spr+s up at fir/ outside ! /]ile ones1 b is soon surr\nd$ & ov]topp$ by !m & f9ds itself 9 ! c5t] ( a *>m+ circle ( gre5 leaves curv+ gracefully outw>ds4 ,9 a %ort "t1 h[ev]1 x )]s & hangs d[n or falls to ! gr\nd4 ,! l>ge1 conspicu\s clu/]s ( c9namon f]ns give picturesqu5ess to _m a moi/1 hillside pa/ure & swampy woody>d4 ,9 its crosi] /age x is wrapp$ 9 wool1 :i* falls away z ! fronds exp&1 b leaves1 at ! base ( ea* p9na1 a t9y tuft1 z if to m>k its id5tity4 ,illu/ration3 ,c9namon ,f]n1 v>4 incisa 7,ma9e7 ,_m p 9 ! c\ntry call ! c9namon f]n ! buckhorn brake1 & eat ) reli% ! t5d] "p :i* !y f9d deep )9 ! cr[n at ! base ( ! unfold+ fronds4 ,?is is kn[n z ! he>t ( ,osmund4 ,! f]n1 itself1 ) its tall1 recurv+ leaves makes a beautiful ornam5t = ! %ady lawn1 & l ! int]rupt$ f]n is easy to cultivate4 ,! spores ( all ! osmundas are gre51 & ne$ to g]m9ate quickly or !y lose _! vitality4 ,common 9 l[ & swampy gr\nds 9 ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica & ,s\? ,am]ica & ,japan4 ,may4 ,"s ?9k x 0 ?is species :i* 0 c\pl$ ) ! s]p5t 9 ! old rhyme1 ,break ! fir/ brake y see1 ,kill ! fir/ snake y see1 ,& y w conqu] e enemy4 ,illu/ration3 ,osmunda c9namomea1 v>4 gl&ulosa 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 ,v>4 frondosa has its fronds p>tly /]ile bel[ & irregul>ly f]tile t[>ds ! summit4 ,v>4 incisa has ! inn] p9nules ( "s ( ! p9nae m or less cut-too!d4 ,v>4 gl&ulosa has gl&ul> hairs on ! p9nae1 ra*is & ev5 ! /ipes ( ! /]ile frond4 ,?is is kn[n only on ! coa/al pla9 f ,rhode ,isl& to ,m>yl&4 ,,iii ,,curly ,,grass ,,family ,,s*izaeaceae ,,curly ,,grass4 ,s*izaea pusilla ,small1 sl5d] f]ns ) l9e> or ?ready leaves1 ! /]ile1 "o to two in*es high & tortu\s or curl$ l corkscrews2 f]tile fronds long]1 ?ree to five in*es1 & be>+ at ! top ab\t five pairs ( m9ute1 fruit$ p9nae4 ,sporangia l>ge1 ovoid1 sessile 9 a d\ble r[ along ! s+le ve9 ( ! n>r[ divisions ( ! f]tile leaves1 & provid$ ) a complete apical r+4 7,s*izaea1 f a ,greek root mean+ to split1 allud+ to ! cleft leaves ( =eign species47 ,illu/ration3 ,curly ,grass4 ,s*izaea pusilla ,! curly grass is s m9ute t x is difficult to di/+ui% x :5 gr[+ amid its companion plants1 ! grasses1 mosses1 sundews1 club mosses1 etc4 ,! /]ile leaves are ev]gre54 ,p9e b>r5s ( ,new ,j]sey1 ,gr& ,lake1 ,nova ,scotia1 & 9 ,new ,brunswick4 ,sev]al new /ations = ! curly grass h rec5tly be5 discov]$ 9 ! s\?we/ c\nties ( ,nova ,scotia by ! ,gray ,h]b>ium exp$ition1 mo/ly 9 bogs & holl[s ( s&y peat or sphagnum4 ,illu/ration3 ,sporangia ( ,curly ,grass ,,climb+ ,,f]n4 ,,h>t=d ,,f]n ,lygodium palmatum ,& :]e ^u ! mead['s brea/ ,! %ad[ ( ! ?icket lies4 ,,bryant4 ,fronds sl5d]1 climb+ or tw9+1 ?ree to five feet long4 ,! l[] p9nae 7frondlets7 /]ile1 r\ndi%1 five to sev5 lob$1 di/ant 9 pairs ) simple ve9s2 ! upp] f]tile1 contract$1 sev]al times =k$1 =m+ a t]m9al panicle2 ! ultimate segm5ts cr[d$1 & be>+ ! sporangia1 :i* are simil> to ^? ( curly grass1 & fix$ to a ve9let by ! inn] side next ! base1 "o or r>ely two cov]$ by ea* indusium4 7,f ! ,greek mean+ l a will[ twig pliant1 allud+ to ! flexible /ipes47 ,illu/ration3 ,climb+ ,f]n4 ,lygodium palmatum ,fifty ye>s ago ?is beautiful f]n 0 m common ?an at pres5t4 ,!re 0 a consid]able colony 9 a l[1 alluvial mead[ ?icket at ,nor? ,hadley1 ,mass41 n f> f ,mt4 ,toby1 :]e we collect$ x freely 9 #ahgb4 ,_m us$ to decorate _! homes ) its h&some sprays1 drap+ x gracefully ov] mirrors & pictures4 ,x 0 kn[n locally z ! ,h>t=d f]n4 ,gre$y spoil]s ru?lessly robb$ its colonies & x became sc>ce1 at lea/ 9 ! ,mt4 ,toby region4 ,9 ,connecticut a law 0 enact$ 9 #ahfg = its protection & ) good results4 ,b z ,mr4 ,c4,a4 ,wea!rby /ates 9 ! ,am]ican ,f]n ,j\rnal 7,vol4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #d71 ! encroa*m5ts ( tillage 7ma9ly ( tobacco1 :i* likes ! same soil71 are =c+ x f its *]i%$ haunts1 ?us jeop>diz+ its survival4 ,d\btless an aggressive agriculture is 9 "p responsible = its sc>city 9 ! m nor!rn locality4 ,x is /ill f\nd "h & !re 9 ,new ,engl&1 ,new ,york & ,new ,j]sey2 also 9 ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee & ,florida1 b is n[h]e common4 ,! f]tile portion dies :5 ! spores mature1 b ! /]ile frondlets rema9 gre5 ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,a h&some species = ! f]n]y 9 ! h\se or out ( doors4 ,,iv ,,add]',s ,,tongue ,,family ,,ophioglossaceae ,plants m or less f]n-l consi/+ ( a /em ) a s+le leaf4 ,9 ,ophioglossum ! leaf or /]ile segm5t is entire1 ! ve9s reticulat$ & ! sporangia 9 a simple spike4 ,9 ,botry*ium ! /]ile segm5t is m or less incis$1 ! ve9s free1 & ! sori 9 a panicle or comp\nd or r>ely simple spike4 ,sporangia nak$1 op5+ by a transv]se slit4 ,spores copi\s1 sulphur-yell[4 ,,add]',s ,,tongue4 ,ophioglossum vulgatum ,root/ock erect1 fle%y4 ,/em simple1 two to t5 in*es high1 be>+ "o smoo?1 entire leaf ab\t midway1 & a t]m9al spike embrac+ ! sporangia1 coh]5t 9 two ranks on its edges4 7,g5]ic "n f ! ,greek mean+ ! tongue ( a snake1 9 allusion to ! n>r[ spike ( ! sporangia47 ,9 moi/ mead[s or r>ely on dry slopes4 ,ov]look$ r ?an r>e4 ,new ,engl& /ates & 9 g5]al widely di/ribut$4 ,july4 ,(t5 gr[s 9 company ) ! ragg$ or*is4 ,! anci5t o9tm5t kn[n z add]'s spe>e o9tm5t _h ! add]'s tongue leaves z a *ief +r$i5t1 & is said to be /ill us$ = w\nds 9 ,engli% villages4 ,= !m t are ) newts or snakes or add]s /ung1 ,he seeke? out a h]b t's call$ add]'s tongue4 ,illu/ration3 ,add]'s ,tongue4 ,ophioglossum vulgatum ,v>4 m9us1 small]2 fronds (t5 9 pairs4 ,! /]ile segm5t yell[i%-gre51 atta*$ usually mu* bel[ ! middle ( ! plant4 ,s&y gr\nd1 ,new ,hamp%ire to ,new ,j]sey4 ,v>4 ,engelmanni4 7,giv5 specific rank 9 ,gray47 ,has ! /]ile segm5t ?ick] & cuspidate1 ! /ipe sl5d] & ! second>y ve9s =m+ a f9e network )9 ! me%es ( ! pr9cipal ones4 ,virg9ia & we/w>d4 ,v>4 ar5>ium4 7,f ! ,lat91 ar5a1 mean+ s&1 be+ f\nd 9 a s&y soil47 ,probably a depaup]ate =m ( ,ophioglossum vulgatum & ab\t half z l>ge4 ,a colony ( ^! f]ns 0 discov]$ gr[+ 9 poor soil at ,holly ,bea*1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,grape ,,f]ns 7,botry*ium7 ,plant l>ge1 fruit+ 9 ,june1 /]ile "p mu* divid$3 ,rattlesnake ,f]n4 ,plant small]3 ,fruit+ 9 autumn1 /]ile "p long-/alk$1 triangul>4 ,common ,grape ,f]n4 ,fruit+ 9 summ]3 ,plant fle%y1 /]ile "p mo/ly ) lunate segm5ts4 ,moonwort4 ,plant less fle%y1 segm5ts n lunate3 ,/]ile "p %ort-/alk$ above ! middle ( ! /em4 ,matric>y ,f]n4 ,/]ile "p /alk$ usually bel[ middle ( /em4 ,little ,grape ,f]n4 ,/]ile "p sessile ne> ! top ( ! /em4 ,lance-leav$ ,grape ,f]n4 ,,grape ,,f]ns ,botry*ium ,root/ock v %ort1 erect ) clu/]$ fle%y roots2 ! base ( ! %ea!d /alk conta9+ ! bud = ! next ye>'s frond4 ,f]tile frond "o to ?ree p9nate1 ! contract$ divisions be>+ a d\ble r[ ( sessile1 nak$1 globul> sporangia1 op5+ transv]sely into two valves4 ,/]ile segm5t ( ! frond t]nately or p9nately divid$ or comp\nd4 ,ve9s free4 ,spores copi\s1 sulphur yell[4 7,! "n 9 ,greek means a clu/] ( grapes1 allud+ to ! grape-l clu/]s ( ! sporangia47 7#a7 ,,moonwort4 ,botry*ium ,lun>ia ,v fle%y1 ?ree to t5 in*es high1 /]ile segm5t subsessile1 borne ne> ! middle ( ! plant1 oblong1 simple p9nate ) ?ree to eight pairs ( lunate or fan-%ap$ divisions1 obtusely cr5ate1 ! ve9s repeat$ly =k+2 f]tile segm5t panicl$1 two to ?ree p9nate4 ,illu/ration3 ,moonwort ,botry*ium ,lun>ia ,illu/ration3 ,moonwort4 ,botry*ium ,lun>ia4 ,details ,! moonwort 0 =m]ly associat$ ) _m sup]/itions & 0 reput$ to op5 all locks at a m]e t\*1 & to un%oe all horses t trod ^u x4 ,un%oe ! horse 0 "o ( ! names giv5 to x by ! c\ntry p4 ,horses t fe$+ on ! grassy hills1 ,tread ^u moonwort ) _! holl[ heels1 ,?\gh lately %od1 at night g b>efoot home ,_! mai/] mus+ :]e _! %oes be gone4 ,9 dry pa/ures1 ,lake ,sup]ior & nor?w>d1 b r>e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,will\ghby1 ,vt41 :]e ! au?or f\nd a s+le plant 9 #aijd1 & ,/4 ,johnsbury1 ,vt4 ,also ,new ,york1 ,mi*igan & we/w>d4 ,9 ,engl& said to be local r ?an r>e4 ,sometimes call$ ,lun>y4 ,!n spr9kl$ %e ! juice ( rue ,) n9e drops ( ! midnight dew ,f ,lun>y di/ill+4 ,,drayton4 7#b7 ,,little ,,grape ,,f]n4 ,botry*ium simplex ,fronds two to f\r in*es high1 v v>iable4 ,/]ile segm5t %ort-petiol$1 usually ne> ! middle1 simple & r\ndi% or p9nately ?ree to sev5 lob$4 ,ve9s all =k+ f ! base4 ,f]tile segm5ts simple or "o to two p9nate1 apex ( bo? segm5ts erect 9 ! bud4 ,9 moi/ woods & fields1 ,canada to ,m>yl& & we/w>d2 ,conway & ,pla9field1 ,mass41 ,b]l9 & ,lit*field1 ,conn4 ,r>e4 ,accord+ to ,pr+le x is abundantly scatt]$ ov] ,v]mont1 its habitat usually poor soil1 especially knolls ( hill pa/ures4 ,may or ,june4 7#c7 ,,lance-,,leav$ ,,grape ,,f]n ,botry*ium lanceolatum ,,botry*ium ,,angu/isegm5tum ,frond two to n9e in*es high1 bo? /]ile & f]tile segm5ts at ! top ( ! common /alk4 ,/]ile segm5t triangul>1 twice p9natifid1 ! acute lobes lanceolate1 incis$ or too!d1 sc>cely fle%y1 resembl+ a v small specim5 ( ! rattlesnake f]n4 ,f]tile segm5t slightly ov]topp+ ! /]ile1 two to ?ree p9nate & spread+4 ,"o ( ! con/ant companions ( ! rattlesnake f]n4 ,new ,engl& to ,lake ,sup]ior4 ,july4 ,illu/ration3 ,little ,grape ,f]n ,botry*ium simplex ,illu/ration3 ,lance-leav$ ,grape ,f]n ,botry*ium lanceolatum ,botry*ium angu/isegm5tum 7#d7 ,,matric>y ,,f]n ,botry*ium ramosum4 ,botry*ium matric>iaefolium ,fronds small1 "o to twelve in*es high4 ,/]ile segm5t above ! middle1 usually mu* divid$4 ,f]tile segm5t twice or ?rice p9nate4 ,apex ( bo? segm5ts turn$ d[n 9 ! bud1 ! /]ile ov]topp+ & clasp+ ! f]tile "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,matric>y ,f]n ,botry*ium ramosum ,! matric>y f]n diff]s f ! prec$+ 9 rip5+ its spores ab\t a mon? e>li]1 9 hav+ its /]ile frond /alk$1 besides be+ a tall] & fle%i] plant4 ,x may also be not$ t 9 ! lance-leav$ species ! midve9s ( ! l>g] lobes are cont9u\s1 runn+ to ! tip2 :]eas 9 ! matric>y f]n ! midve9s =k repeat$ly & are soon indi/+ui%able f ! ve9lets4 ,! two are apt to gr[ ne> ea* o!r1 ) ! rattlesnake f]n z a ne> neighbor4 ,june4 ,,note4 ,9 #ahig ,a4,a4 ,eaton discov]$ c]ta9 ,botry*ia 9 a sphagnum swamp 9 ,new ,hamp%ire1 to :i* he gave ! specific "n ( ,botry*ium t5ebrosum4 ,! plants 7 v small1 n av]ag+ above two or ?ree in*es high1 ) ! /]ile blade sessile or slightly /alk$4 ,_m botani/s pref] to place ?is f]n z a v>iety ( ! matric>y1 b o!rs reg>d x z a =m ( ,botry*ium simplex4 ,bord]s ( maple swamps1 ,v]mont1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,new ,york4 7#e7 ,,common ,,grape ,,f]n ,botry*ium obliquum4 ,botry*ium t]natum1 v>4 obliquum ,,botry*ium ,,dissectum1 v>4 ,,obliquum ,root/ock %ort1 its base includ+ ! buds ( succe$+ ye>s4 ,fronds two to twelve in*es or m high4 ,leafy or /]ile segm5t triangul>1 t]nate1 long-petiol$1 spr++ f ne> ! base ( ! plant1 & spread+ horizontally4 ,f ! ma9 leaf/ock gr[ sev]al pairs ( /alk$ p9nae1 ) ! divisions ovate-oblong1 acuti%1 cr5ate-s]rulate1 obliquely cordate or subcordate4 ,f]tile segm5t tall]1 erect1 ab\t ?ree times p9nate1 matur+ its fruit 9 autumn4 ,occasionally two or ?ree f]tile spikes gr[ on ! same plant4 ,9 v]nation ! apex ( ea* segm5t is b5t d[n ) a slight curve inw>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,common ,grape ,f]n4 ,botry*ium obliquum ,new ,engl& to ,virg9ia1 we/w>d to ,m9nesota & s\?w>d4 ,botry*ium obliquum1 v>4 dissectum4 ,simil> to ! type1 b ) ! divisions v f9ely dissect$ or incisely _m-too!d1 ! mo/ beautiful ( all ! grape f]ns4 ,!re is consid]able v>iety 9 ! cutt+ ( ! fronds4 ,ma9e to ,florida & we/w>d4 ,botry*ium obliquum1 v>4 oneid5se4 ,ultimate segm5ts oblong1 r\nd$ at ! apex1 cr5ulate-s]rate1 less divid$ ?an any ( ! o!rs &1 p]haps1 less common4 ,v]mont to ,c5tral ,new ,york4 ,botry*ium obliquum1 v>4 elongatum4 ,divisions lanceolate1 elongat$1 acute4 ,illu/ration3 ,botry*ium obliquum v>4 oneid5se ,note3 ,a ,botry*ium n uncommon 9 ,georgia & ,alabama1 nam$ by ,sw>tz ,b4 lun>ioides1 des]ves c>eful /udy4 ,x is kn[n z ! ,s\!rn ,botry*ium4 ,illu/ration3 ,botry*ium obliquum1 v>4 dissectum 7#f7 ,,t]nate ,,grape ,,f]n ,botry*ium t]natum1 v>4 int]m$ium ,botry*ium obliquum1 v>4 int]m$ium ,leaf m divid$ ?an 9 obliquum & ! num]\s segm5ts n s long & po9t$1 b l>ge1 fle%y1 ovate or obovate 7includ+ v>4 au/rale71 cr5ulate1 & m or less too!d4 ,s&y soil1 pa/ures & op5 woods4 ,m nor!rly 9 its range--,new ,engl& & ,new ,york4 ,v>4 rutaefolium4 ,m sl5d]1 r>ely ov] six or sev5 in*es high2 /]ile segm5t ab\t two in*es broad1 its divisions few1 broadly ovate1 ! l[e/ sublunate4 ,! fir/ v>iety passes ins5sibly into ! second4 ,illu/ration3 ,t]nate ,grape ,f]n ,botry*ium t]natum v>4 int]m$ium 7,r$uc$7 ,illu/ration3 ,t]nate ,grape ,f]n ,botry*ium t]natum v>4 int]m$ium 7,two /ocks1 r$uc$7 7#g7 ,,rattlesnake ,,f]n4 ,botry*ium virg9ianum ,fronds six in*es to two feet high4 ,/]ile segm5t sessile above ! middle ( ! plant1 broadly triangul>1 ?91 membranace\s1 t]nate4 ,p9nules lanceolate1 deeply p9natifid2 ultimate segm5ts oblong or lanceolate & sc>cely or n at all spatulate4 ,f]tile "p long-/alk$1 two to ?ree p9nate1 its ultimate segm5ts n>r[ & ?ick1 ne>ly opaque 9 dri$ specim5s4 ,mature sporangia v>y+ f d>k yell[-br[n to almo/ black4 ,op5 sporangia close aga9 & are flatt5$ or ( a l5ticul> =m4 ,9 ri*1 decidu\s woods1 r common & widely di/ribut$4 ,illu/ration3 ,rattlesnake ,f]n4 ,botry*ium virg9ianum 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl&1 ,m9nesota1 s\? to ,florida & ,texas1 & nor? to ,newf\ndl& & ,labrador4 ,v>4 gracilis4 ,a =m mu* r$uc$ 9 size4 ,v>4 ,,laur5tianum4 ,a conspicu\s v>iety hav+ ?ick & heavy /]ile fronds less f9ely divid$ ?an ! type1 ) ! segm5ts cr[d$ to ov]lapp+4 ,p9nules %ort] ?an ! type1 t5d+ to be ovate1 out] segm5ts /rongly spatulate4 ,f]tile spike relatively %ort & /\t1 /rongly paniculate :5 well develop$4 ,ultimate segm5ts flat1 folace\s1 "o mm4 wide4 ,mo/ly conf9$ to ! lime/one di/rict ne> ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,labrador1 ,newf\ndl&1 ,quebec1 ,ma9e1 & ,mi*igan4 ,v>4 ,,int]m$ium4 ,segm5ts ( /]ile fronds ultimately mu* spatulate1 previ\sly ovate1 n ov]lapp+4 ,segm5ts ( f]tile fronds ultimately n>r[ly flatt5$4 7,= ?is & ! o!r v>ieties see ,rhodora ( ,septemb]1 #aiai47 ,nova ,scotia1 ,ma9e1 ,v]mont1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 nor!rn ,new ,york1 ,ill9ois1 & ,miss\ri4 ,v>4 ,,europaeum4 ,f]tile frond less f9ely dissect$ ?an 9 type4 ,ultimate segm5ts m obtuse ?an 9 type2 has b v slight t5d5cy t[>ds ! spatulate =m ( ! two previ\s v>ieties4 ,p9nules lanceolate1 /rongly decurr5t s t ! p9nae are m]ely p9natifid4 ,9 conif]\s =e/s ( ,canada1 & conf9$ to calc>e\s regions4 ,quebec1 ,new ,brunswick1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,v]mont1 ,new ,york1 ,ont>io1 ,montana1 & ,briti% ,columbia4 ,said to be r>e ev5 9 ,europe4 ,v ,,! ,,filmy ,,f]n ,,family ,,hym5ophyllaceae ,! filmy f]ns are small1 delicate plants ) membranace\s1 f9ely dissect$ fronds f sl5d]1 creep+ root/ocks4 ,sporangia sessile on a bri/le-l receptacle4 ,!re are ab\t "o hundr$ species1 mo/ly tropical1 only "o ( :i* gr[s z f> nor? z ,k5tucky4 ,illu/ration3 ,filmy ,f]n ,tri*omanes ,bos*ianum 7,f ,wat]s' ,f]ns1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 ,,filmy ,,f]n4 ,,bri/le ,,f]n ,tri*omanes ,bos*ianum4 ,tri*omanes radicans ,root/ocks creep+1 fili=m1 /ipes asc5d+1 "o to ?ree in*es long1 ?91 v delicate1 pellucid1 mu* divid$1 oblong-lanceolate1 bip9natifid4 ,ra*is n>r[ly w+$4 ,sporangia clu/]$ ar\nd ! sl5d] bri/le1 :i* is ! prolongation ( a ve91 & surr\nd$ by a vase-l1 slightly two-lipp$ involucre4 ,on moi/1 dripp+ s&/one cliffs1 ,k5tucky to ,alabama4 ,(t5 call$ ! ,kill>ney f]n1 z x gr[s ab\t ! lakes ( ,kill>ney 9 ,irel&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fruit+ ,p9nules ( ,filmy ,f]n 7,f ,wat]s's ,f]ns4 ,h5ry ,holt ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,o/ri* ,f]n ,illu/ration3 ,c9namon ,f]n ,illu/ration3 ,m>g9al ,%ield ,f]n ,illu/ration3 ,lady ,f]n ,crosi]s ,illu/ration3 ,fiddleheads or ,crosi]s ( ,*ri/mas ,f]n ,,not$ ,,f]n ,,au?ors ,,biographical ,,sket*es ,! works ( ^! au?ors are li/$ "u ,f]n ,lit]ature 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,,eaton1 ,,daniel ,,cady4 ,born at ,gratiot1 ,mi*41 ,septemb] #ab1 #ahcd4 ,8 gr&fa!r 0 ,amos ,eaton1 not$ botani/ & au?or4 ,/udi$ botany "u 8 fri5d1 ,pr(4 ,asa ,gray1 :o _h /udi$ ) ,pr(4 ,john ,torrey1 :o 9 turn 0 a pupil ( ,amos ,eaton4 ,daniel ,c4 0 pr(essor ( botany 9 ,yale ,college1 = m ?an ?irty ye>s4 ,a man ( graceful & w9some p]sonality1 an au?ority on f]ns1 & widely kn[n by 8 writ+s4 ,8 ma/]piece 0 ,! ,f]ns ( ,nor? ,am]ica 9 two l>ge1 qu>to volumes1 beautifully illu/rat$4 ,he di$ ,june #bi1 #ahie4 ,,clute1 ,,will>d ,,nelson4 ,born at ,pa9t$ ,po/1 ,n4,y41 ,febru>y #bf1 #ahfi4 ,education in=mal2 common s*ools1 univ]sity lectures & private /udy4 ,manife/$ e>ly a ke5 int]e/ 9 birds & fl[]s4 ,0 f\nd] & fir/ presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,f]n ,society4 ,collect$ 9 ,jamaica m ?an ?ree hundr$ species ( f]ns4 ,has writt5 ext5sively on ! f]ns & _! allies1 besides publi%+ sev]al /&>d volumes4 ,8 great di/9ction is 9 f\nd+ & edit+ ! ,f]n ,bullet9 ?r\gh its tw5ty volumes1 :5 he comb9$ ?is publication ) ,! ,am]ican ,botani/1 :i* is n[ on its tw5ty-eigh? volume1 ! :ole a prodigi\s a*ievem5t ( great sci5tific value4 ,illu/ration3 ,not$ ,writ]s on ,f]ns ,w4,n4 ,,clute1 ,d4,c4 ,,eaton1 ,f4,t4 ,,p>sons1 ,g4 ,,dav5port1 ,j4 ,,williamson1 ,l4,m4 ,,und]wood1 ,w4,r ,,maxon1 ,a4,a4 ,,eaton1 ,c4,e4 ,,wat]s1 ,r4 ,,dodge ,,und]wood1 ,,lucius ,,m>cus4 ,born at ,new ,wood/ock1 ,n4,y41 ,octob] #bf1 #ahec4 ,sp5t e>ly life on a f>m4 ,0 graduat$ f ,syracuse ,univ]sity 9 #ahgg4 ,aft] tea*+ sev]al ye>s 9 8 alma mat] & else:]e1 he became ,pr(essor ( ,botany 9 ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,he contribut$ num]\s articles to ! ,torrey ,bullet91 ,f]n ,bullet91 & o!r sci5tific j\rnals4 ,8 s*ol>ly book1 ,our ,native ,f]ns & ,_! ,allies1 cont9u$ unexcell$ ?r\gh six editions4 ,he di$ ,novemb] #af1 #aijg4 ,,dav5port1 ,,geo4 ,,edw>d4 ,born 9 ,bo/on1 ,augu/ #c1 #ahcc4 ,a promot] & (fic] ( ! ,middlesex ,in/itute4 ,an accurate & dilig5t /ud5t ( ! f]ns1 8 num]\s articles 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,f]n ,bullet91 9 ! ,torrey ,bullet91 ,rhodora1 & 9 sep>ate monographs4 ,he 0 a lead+ au?ority on ! pt]idophyta1 & collect$ a l>ge & *oice h]b>ium ( ! native f]ns1 :i* he donat$ to ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,by 8 g5tle mann]s & k9dly _s he won _m fri5ds1 all ( :om 7 pr\d to recognize 8 di/+ui%$ ability4 ,he cultivat$ _m ( our r>e native f]ns 9 8 ,fellsway home1 at ,m$=d1 ,mass41 & freely gave specim5s to 8 fri5ds4 ,he di$ sudd5ly ( he>t failure1 ,novemb] #bi1 #aijg4 ,,wat]s1 ,,campbell ,,ea/]4 ,born 9 ,baltimore ,c\nty1 ,md41 ,septemb] #ad1 #ahgb4 ,0 graduat$ at ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity 9 #ahie4 ,ph4,d4 9 #ahii4 ,0 = a "t a close /ud5t ( f]ns1 & issu$ 8 notable book1 ,f]ns1 9 #aijc1 conta9+ 8 ,analytical ,key ,bas$ on ! ,/ipes4 ,a *emi/ by pr(ession1 he has pursu$ t bran* ( sci5ce = ! la/ eighte5 ye>s4 ,8 address is ,bureau ( ,/&>ds1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,,maxon1 ,,william ,,ralph4 ,born at ,oneida1 ,n4,y41 ,febru>y #bg1 #ahgg4 ,0 graduat$ at ,syracuse ,univ]sity 9 #ahih4 ,began z aid 9 cryptogamic botany1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,h]b>ium1 #ahii1 & is n[ associate curator ( ! same4 ,has specializ$ 9 sci5tific "w on ! pt]idophyta1 di/+ui%+ himself by ! excell5ce z well z by ! l>ge numb] ( 8 publications1 ! m important be+ ,/udies ( ,tropical ,am]ican ,f]ns1 ,nos4 #a to #f4 ,! ,f]n ,bullet91 ,torrey ,bullet91 ,am]ican ,f]n ,j\rnal1 ,f]nwort ,pap]s1 et al41 h pr(it$ f 8 exp]t & up-to-date k4 ,he is presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,f]n ,society4 ,,p>sons1 ,,frances ,,!odora4 ,born 9 ,new ,york1 ,decemb] #e1 #ahfa4 ,nee ,smi?4 ,m>ri$ ,comm&] ,william ,/>r ,dana ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy1 :o 0 lo/ at sea4 ,z ,mrs4 ,dana1 %e publi%$1 ,h[ to ,"k ! ,wild ,fl[]s1 9 #ahic1 & )9 t5 ye>s m ?an sev5ty ?\s& copies ( ! book _h be5 sold4 ,accord+ to ,season appe>$ 9 #ahid4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahif1 %e m>ri$ ,pr(4 ,james ,russell ,p>sons1 treasur] ( ! ,univ]sity ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,9 #ahii %e publi%$1 ,h[ to ,"k ! ,f]ns4 ,%e comb9$ a ?or\gh k ( h] subject ) an easy & graceful /yle4 ,,dodge1 ,,raynal4 ,born at ,newburyport1 ,mass41 ,septemb] #i1 #ahdd4 ,civil ,w> vet]an4 ,w\nd$ at ,port ,hudson1 ,june #bh1 #ahfc4 ,a ma*9i/ by trade4 ,a c>eful obs]v] & /ud5t ( nature1 he discov]$ ,aspidium simulatum at ,follymill1 ,seabrook1 ,n4,h41 9 #ahhj4 7,:itti]'s ,my ,playmate1 v]se #i47 ,he discov]$ also ! hybrid ,aspidium cri/atum x ,m>g9ale4 ,he publi%$ 8 little book1 ,f]ns & ,f]n ,allies ( ,new ,engl&1 9 #ahif4 ,di$ ,octob] #bj1 #aiah4 ,,eaton1 ,,alvah ,,augu/us4 ,born at ,seabrook1 ,n4,h41 ,novemb] #bj1 #ahfe4 ,/udi$ at ! ,putnam ,s*ool 9 ,newburyport1 b 0 l>gely self-educat$4 ,he took up tea*+ = sev]al ye>s1 sp5d+ ?ree ye>s 9 ,cali=nia4 ,return+ ,ea/1 he became a flori/ & began to write = v>i\s f]n j\rnals1 giv+ special att5tion to ! f]n allies4 ,he prep>$ ! g5]a ,equisetum & ,isoetes = ! sev5? edition ( ,gray's ,manual4 ,he prov$ ! ke5ness ( 8 obs]v+ p[]s by discov]+ sev]al f]ns new to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,di$ at 8 home 9 ,nor? ,ea/on1 ,mass41 ,septemb] #bi1 #aijh4 ,,williamson1 ,,john4 ,born 9 ,ab]na?y1 ,scotl&1 ab\t ! ye> #ahch4 ,he came to ,l\isville1 ,ky41 to live 9 #ahff4 ,a wood-c>v] by trade1 he c\ld "w skillfully 9 wood or metal1 & aft] a "t e/abli%$ a brass f\ndry4 ,8 fri5d1 ,george ,e4 ,dav5port1 writes ( him3 ,he caught z by "s div9e gift or inspiration ! inn]mo/ life & feel+s ( ! wild fl[]s & f]ns1 & 8 m>vel\sly accurate ne$le transfix$ !m ) revivify+ p[] on pap] or metal4 ,8 ,f]ns ( ,k5tucky1 issu$ 9 #ahgh1 0 ! fir/ h&book on f]ns publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he di$ ,june #ag1 #ahhd1 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,we/ ,virg9ia1 :i!r he _h gone = 8 heal?4 ,,f]n ,,lit]ature ,,am]ican ,,f]n ,,j\rnal4 #aiaj4 ,! ,am]ican ,f]n ,society4 7,annual subscription1 #a4be47 ,,belairs1 ,,nona4 ,h>dy ,f]ns4 ,smi?1 ,eld] & ,co4 ,london1 #ahfe4 ,,briti% ,,f]n ,,gazette4 ,,britt51 ,,james4 ,european ,f]ns4 ,color$ ,plates4 ,cassell ,co4 ,london4 ,qu>to4 ,,butt]s1 ,f4,k4 ,a?yrium4 ,/udy ( ! ,am]ican ,lady ,f]ns4 ,rhodora1 ,septemb]1 #aiag4 ,,campbell1 ,d4,h4 ,/ructure & ,developm5t ( ! ,mosses & ,f]ns4 ,macmillan ,co4 #aije4 ,ed4 #b4 ,,clute1 ,,will>d ,n4 ,our ,f]ns 9 ,_! ,haunts4 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,co4 ,new ,york1 #aija4 ,f]n ,collector's ,guide4 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,co4 ,new ,york1 #aijb4 ,! ,f]n ,allies4 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,co4 ,new ,york1 #aije4 ,! ,f]n ,bullet94 ,f\nd] & ,editor4 #bj vols4 #ahic-aiab4 ,comb9$ ) ,! ,am]ican ,botani/4 ,joliet1 ,ill4 #aiab4 ,,con>d1 ,,h5ry ,s4 ,/ructure & ,hi/ory ( ,haysc5t$ ,f]n4 ,wa%+ton1 #aijh4 ,,cook1 ,m4,c4 ,f]n-book = ,ev]ybody4 ,e4 ,w>ne ,co4 ,london4 ,,dav5port1 ,,geo4 ,e4 ,catalog ( ,dav5port ,h]b>ium1 ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society4 #ahgi4 ,num]\s ,monographs & ,notes on ,new ,engl& f]ns 9 ,torrey ,bullet91 ,f]n ,bullet91 & ,rhodora4 ,! foll[+ monographs are 9 s+le booklets by ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,aspidium cri/atum x m>g9ale1 ,aspidium simulatum1 ,aspidium sp9ulosum & its ,v>ieties1 ,botry*ium t]natum & its ,v>ieties1 ,notes on ,botry*ium simplex4 ,,dodge1 ,,raynal4 ,! ,f]ns & ,f]n ,allies ( ,new ,engl&--v small volume1 n[ out ( pr9t4 ,w4,n4 ,clute ,co4 #aijd4 ,,dru]y1 ,,*>les ,t4 ,briti% ,f]ns & ,_! ,v>ieties4 ,r\tl$ge ,son4 ,london4 ,,ea/man1 ,,hel54 ,new ,engl& ,f]ns & ,_! ,common ,allies4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,co4 ,bo/on1 #aijd4 ,out ( pr9t4 ,,eaton1 ,,daniel ,c4 ,! ,f]ns ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 #b vols4 #ahgi-hj4 ,s4,e4 ,cass9o1 ,salem4 ,draw+s by ,j4,h4 ,em]ton & ,c4,e4 ,faxon4 ,,eaton1 ,a4,a4 ,speciali/ 9 ,f]n ,allies4 ,prep>$ ,equisetum & ,isoetes = ,gray's ,manual1 #g? ed4 #aijh4 ,,gilb]t1 ,,b5j4 ,d4 ,li/ ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,pt]idophytes4 #aija4 ,utica1 ,n4,y4 ,,h]vey1 ,,alphaeus ,b4 ,wayside ,fl[]s & ,f]ns4 ,page ,co4 ,bo/on1 #ahii4 ,,hemsley1 ,,alfr$4 ,book ( ,f]n ,culture4 ,john ,lane4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,,hibb>d1 ,,%irley4 ,! ,f]n ,g>d54 ,groombridge ,sons4 #e ,pat]no/] ,r[1 ,london4 #ahfi4 ,,hook]1 ,,sir ,w4,j4 ,g5]a ,filicum4 ,l>ge #hvo4 ,london1 #ahdb4 ,conta9s f9e plates :i* include all ,am]ican g5]a4 ,co/s ab\t #be4 ,species ,filicum4 #e vols4 #hvo4 ,london1 #ahdf-fd4 ,vol4 ,,ii conta9s sev5te5 & ,vol4 ,ill conta9s two plates ( ,am]ican f]ns ) descriptions ( m species4 ,co/ ab\t #ej4 ,,hook]1 ,,sir ,w4,j41 ,,bak]4 ,synopsis ,filicum #b;d ed4 #ahgd4 #hvo4 ,describes all f]ns !n kn[n1 includ+ ! ,am]ican species4 ,has also figures illu/rat+ ea* g5us4 ,co/s ab\t #aj4 ,,l[e1 ,,edw>d ,j4 ,f]ns ,briti% & ,exotic4 #i vols4 #hvo4 ,bell ,daldy4 ,london1 #ahfh4 #eej plates1 "s v poor4 ,"s ,am]ican f]ns are repres5t$4 ,! descriptions1 says ,john ,rob9son1 are wor?less1 & ! synonymy is (t5 incorrect4 ,,maxon1 ,,william ,r4 ,a ,li/ ( ,f]ns & ,f]n ,allies ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 nor? ( ,mexico1 etc4 ,national ,museum1 #bc3fai-fea4 #aija4 ,num]\s ,monographs & ,notes on ,am]ican ,f]ns 9 curr5t magaz9es4 ,/udies ( ,tropical ,am]ican ,f]ns4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,h]b>ium1 #ag3eda4 ,pt]idophyta 7except+ ,equisitaceae & ,isoetaceae7 ( ! nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,canada & ! ,briti% ,possessions4 ,9 ,britton & ,br[n1 ,illu/rat$ ,flora1 etc41 ed4 #b1 pp4 #a-ed4 #aiac4 ,new ,york4 ,,meehan1 ,,?omas4 ,native ,fl[]s & ,f]ns ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,bo/on1 #ahgh-i4 ,,moore1 ,,?omas4 ,nature-pr9t$ ,briti% ,f]ns4 #b vols4 ,london1 #ahei4 ,,p>sons1 ,,frances ,t4 ,h[ to ,"k ! ,f]ns4 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons4 ,new ,york1 #ahii4 ,,pratt1 ,,anne4 ,! ,f]ns ( ,great ,brita9 & ,_! ,allies4 ,f4 ,w>ne ,co4 ,london4 ,no date4 ,,r$field1 ,,john4 ,geographical ,di/ribution ( ! ,f]ns ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,torrey ,bullet91 ,,vi1 #a-g4 7#ahge74 ,,rhodora4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,new ,engl& ,botanical ,club4 ,janu>y1 #ahii1 to date4 ,,rob9son1 ,,john4 ,f]ns 9 ,_! ,homes & ,ours4 ,s4,e4 ,cass9o4 ,salem1 #ahgh4 ,out ( pr9t4 ,,sa*s1 ,,julius4 ,text ,book ( ,botany4 7,translat$47 ,macmillan ,co4 ,london4 #hvo4 ,,slosson1 ,,m>g>et4 ,h[ ,f]ns ,gr[4 ,h5ry ,holt ,co4 ,new ,york4 #aijf4 ,out ( pr9t4 ,,small1 ,,john ,k4 ,f]ns ( ,tropical ,florida4 ,new ,york1 #aiah4 ,,smi?1 ,,john4 ,hi/oria ,filicum4 ,london1 #ahge4 ,amply illu/rat$1 reliable4 ,,/ep1 ,,edw>d4 ,wayside & ,woodl& ,f]ns4 ,f4 ,w>ne ,co4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,,tide/rom1 ,,iv>4 ,elysium ,m>ianum4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,,und]wood1 ,,luci5 ,m4 ,our ,native ,f]ns & ,_! ,allies4 ,h5ry ,holt ,co4 ,edition #f4 #aijj4 ,valuable4 ,out ( pr9t4 ,,wat]s1 ,,campbell ,e4 ,f]ns4 ,h5ry ,holt ,co4 #aijc4 ,out ( pr9t4 ,sc>ce4 ,,wea!rby1 ,c4,a4 ,*anges 9 ! ,nom5clature ( ! ,gray's ,manual ( ,f]ns4 ,important article 9 ! ,rhodora ( ,octob]1 #aiai4 ,,williamson1 ,,john4 ,f]ns ( ,k5tucky4 ,j4,p4 ,morton ,co4 ,l\isville1 ,ky4 #ahgh4 ,f]n ,et*+s4 ,j4,p4 ,morton ,co4 #ahgi4 ,bo? out ( pr9t4 ,,woolson1 ,,grace ,a4 ,f]ns & ,h[ to ,gr[ ,!m4 ,d\bl$ay1 ,page ,co4 ,new ,york1 #aiji4 ,,wright1 ,,mabel ,o4 ,fl[]s & ,f]ns 9 ,_! ,haunts4 ,macmillan ,co4 ,new ,york1 #aija4 ,illu/ration3 ,fr++ ! /ream at e turn1 ,swung l[ ! wav+ fronds ( f]n4 ,,:itti]4 ,,times ,,( ,,! ,,fruit+ ,,( ,,f]ns ,ah6 well ,i m9d ! cal5d> ,fai?ful ?r\gh a ?\s& ye>s ,( ! pa9t$ race ( fl[]s4--,,em]son4 ,compil$ f ,dodge's ,f]ns & ,f]n ,allies ( ,new ,engl& ,may #be4 ,little ,grape ,f]n4 ,int]rupt$ ,f]n4 ,may #cj4 ,c9namon ,f]n4 ,june #e4 ,o/ri* ,f]n4 ,june #aj4 ,frondosa v>iety ( ,c9namon ,f]n4 ,june #ae4 ,matric>y ,grape ,f]n4 ,june #bj4 ,royal ,f]n4 ,int]rupt$ ,f]n4 ,june #be4 ,rattlesnake ,f]n4 ,june #cj4 ,oak ,f]n4 ,sp9ulose ,wood ,f]n & ,v>ieties4 ,july #e4 ,fragile ,bladd] ,f]n4 ,*ri/mas ,f]n4 ,july #aj4 ,long ,bee* ,f]n4 ,cre/$ ,%ield ,f]n4 ,boott's ,%ield ,f]n4 ,july #ae4 ,moonwort4 ,virg9ia ,*a9 ,f]n4 ,add]'s ,tongue4 ,cre/$ ,m>g9al ,%ield ,f]n4 ,july #bj4 ,sl5d] ,cliff ,brake4 ,blunt-,lob$ ,woodsia4 ,july #be4 ,purple ,cliff ,brake4 ,bulblet ,bladd] ,f]n4 ,m\nta9 ,sple5 wort4 ,july #cj4 ,goldie's ,%ield ,f]n4 ,m>g9al ,%ield ,f]n4 ,cl9ton's ,wood ,f]n4 ,augu/ #e4 ,wall ,rue4 ,walk+ ,f]n4 ,lady ,f]n4 ,augu/ #aj4 ,alp9e ,woodsia4 ,smoo? ,woodsia4 ,common ,polypody4 ,maid5hair ,f]n4 ,fragrant ,%ield ,f]n4 ,scott's ,sple5wort4 ,braun's ,holly ,f]n4 ,augu/ #ae4 ,ru/y ,woodsia4 ,silv]y ,sple5 wort4 ,lance-leav$ ,grape ,f]n4 ,augu/ #bj4 ,ebony & ,maid5hair ,sple5worts4 ,haysc5t$ ,f]n4 ,new ,york ,f]n4 ,augu/ #be4 ,broad ,bee* ,f]n4 ,augu/ #cj4 ,m>% ,f]n4 ,septemb] #e4 ,brack5 or ,brake4 ,septemb] #aj4 ,climb+ ,f]n4 ,n>r[-leav$ ,sple5wort4 ,septemb] #ae4 ,massa*usetts ,f]n4 ,gre5 ,sple5wort4 ,s5sitive ,f]n4 ,t]nate ,grape ,f]n4 ,septemb] #cj4 ,n>r[-leav$ ,*a9 ,f]n4 ,,gloss>y ,,acum9ate4 ,gradually tap]+ to a po9t4 ,,aculeate4 ,prickly4 ,beset ) prickles4 ,,acute4 ,%>p po9t$1 b n tap]+4 ,,adv5titi\s4 ,irregul>1 incid5tal4 ,gr[+ out ( ! usual or normal position4 ,,ana/omos+4 ,connect$ by cross ve9s & =m+ a network z 9 ! ,s5sitive f]ns4 ,,annulus4 ,a jo9t$1 ela/ic r+ surr\nd+ ! spore cases 9 mo/ f]ns4 ,,an!ridia4 ,! male organs on a pro?allium4 ,,apex ,! top or po9t$ end ( leaf or frond4 7plu4 ,,apices74 ,,ar*egonia4 ,! female organs on a pro?allium4 ,,areola4 ,a space =m$ by int]sect+ ve9s2 a me%4 ,,auricle4 ,an e>-%ap$ lobe at ! base4 ,,articulate4 ,jo9t$2 hav+ a jo9t or node4 ,,axil4 ,! angle =m$ by a leaf or bran* ) ! /em4 ,,bi 7,lat91 ,two1 twice1 d\bly4 bis1 twice74 ,,blade4 ,! exp&$1 leafy portion ( a frond4 ,,bulblet4 ,a small bulb1 borne on a leaf or 9 its axil4 ,,caudate4 ,) a sl5d]1 tail-l app5dage4 ,,caudex4 ,a trunk or /ock ( a plant2 especially ( a tree f]n4 ,,*aff4 ,?91 dry scales ( a yell[i%-br[n color4 ,,*lorophyll4 ,! gre5 color+ matt] ( plants4 ,,ciliate4 ,fr+$ ) f9e hairs4 ,,circ9ate4 ,coil$ d[nw>d f ! apex1 z 9 ! "y fronds ( a f]n4 ,,clavate4 ,club-%ap$4 ,,comp\nd4 ,divid$ into two or m p>ts4 ,,conflu5t4 ,bl5d$ toge!r4 ,,cordate4 ,he>t-%ap$4 ,,cr5ate4 ,scallop$ ) r\nd$ tee?2 said ( m>g9s4 ,,crosi]4 ,an uncoil+ frond4 ,,cuneate4 ,w$ge-%ap$4 ,,cuspidate4 ,h>d po9t$1 tipp$ ) a cusp4 ,,decidu\s4 ,fall+ away :5 done gr[+--n ev]gre54 ,,decomp\nd4 ,m ?an once comp\nd$ or divid$4 ,,decurr5t4 ,runn+ d[n ! /em bel[ ! po9t ( ins]tion1 z ! bases ( "s p9nae4 ,,decumb5t4 ,n erect2 trail+1 b5d+ along ! gr\nd1 b ) ! apex asc5d+4 ,,deflex$4 ,b5t or turn$ abruptly d[nw>d4 ,,d5tate4 ,too!d4 ,hav+ ! tee? ( a m>g9 direct$ outw>d4 ,,di*otom\s4 ,=k+ regul>ly 9 pairs4 ,,dimorph\s4 ,( two =ms2 said ( f]ns ^: f]tile fronds are unlike ! /]ile4 ,,em>g9ate4 ,not*$ at ! apex4 ,,entire4 ,)\t divisions1 lobes1 or tee?4 ,,falcate4 ,scy!-%ap$1 slightly curv$ upw>d4 ,,f]tile4 ,be>+ spores4 ,,fili=m4 ,?read-l2 long1 sl5d]1 & t]ete4 ,,filmy4 ,hav+ a ?9 membrane2 gauzy2 said ( ! filmy f]n fronds4 ,,flabellate4 ,fan-%ap$2 broad & r\nd$ at ! summit & n>r[ at ! base4 ,,frond4 ,a f]n leaf or blade2 may include bo? /ipe & blade1 or only ! latt]--call$ also lam9a4 ,,glabr\s4 ,smoo?2 n r\gh or hairy4 ,,gl&4 ,a small secret+ organ1 globul> or pe>-%ap$2 x is (t5 /alk$4 ,,glauc\s4 ,cov]$ ) a f9e bloom1 blui%-:ite & p[d]y1 9 appe>ance l a plum4 ,,ha/ate4 ,l an arr[head ) ! lobes spread+4 ,,imbricate4 ,ov]lapp+1 l %+les on a ro(4 ,,incis$4 ,cut irregul>ly into %>p lobes4 ,,indusium4 ,! ?9 membrane cov]+ ! sori 9 "s f]ns4 ,,involucre4 ,9 f]ns1 an indusium2 9 filmy f]ns1 cup-%ap$ gr[?s encircl+ ! sporangia4 ,,lam9a4 ,a blade2 ! leafy portion ( a f]n4 ,,lac9iate4 ,sla%$2 cut into n>r[1 irregul> lobes4 ,,lanceolate4 ,lance-%ap$2 broade/ above ! base & tap]+ to ! apex4 ,,lobe4 ,a small r\nd$ segm5t ( a frond4 ,,midrib4 ,! ma9 rib or ve9 ( a segm5t1 p9nule1 p9na1 or frond2 a midve94 ,,mucronate4 ,end+ abruptly 9 a %ort1 %>p po9t4 ,,oblong4 ,f two to f\r times long] ?an broad & ) sides ne>ly p>allel4 ,,obtuse4 ,blunt or r\nd$ at ! end4 ,,oides4 ,a ,greek end+1 mean+ l1 or l to1 z polypodioides--l to a polypody4 ,o,oe,s,p,h,e,r,e4 ,! egg-cell 9 f]n reproduction--becom+ ! ooespore :5 f]tiliz$4 ,,ovate4 ,egg-%ap$ ) ! broad] end d[nw>d4 ,,palmate4 ,hav+ lobes radiat+ l ! f+]s ( a h&4 ,,panicle4 ,a loose comp\nd clu/] ( fl[]s or sporangia ) irregul> /ems4 ,,p$icel4 ,a t9y /alk1 especially ! /alk ( ! sporangia4 ,,pellucid4 ,cle>1 transp>5t4 ,,p]si/5t4 ,rema9+ on ! plant = a long "t1 z leaves ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,,petiole4 ,! same z /alk or /ipe4 ,,p9na4 ,"o ( ! prim>y divisions ( a frond4 ,,p9nate4 ,fea!r-l2 ) ! divisions ( ! frond ext5d+ fully to ! ra*is4 ,,p9natifid4 ,hav+ ! divisions ( ! frond ext5d halfway or m to ! ra*is or mid ve94 ,,p9nule4 ,a second>y p9na4 ,9 a bip9nate frond "o ( ! small] divisions ext5d+ to ! second>y midve94 ,,procumb5t4 ,ly+ on ! gr\nd4 ,,pro?allium4 7,or pro?allus47 ,a delicate1 cellul>1 leaf-l /ructure produc$ f a f]n spore1 & be>+ ! sexual organs4 ,,pt]idophyta4 ,a gr\p ( fl[]less plants embrac+ f]ns1 horsetails1 club mosses1 etc4 ,,pubesc5t4 ,cov]$ ) f9e1 s(t hairs2 d[ny4 ,,ra*is4 ,! cont9uation ( ! /ipe ?r\gh ! blade or leafy portion ( ! f]n4 ,,reflex$4 ,b5t abruptly d[nw>d or backw>d4 ,,r5i=m4 ,kidney-%ap$4 ,,revolute4 ,roll$ backw>d f ! m>g9 or apex4 ,,root/ock4 7,or rhizome47 ,an und]gr\nd /em1 f :i* ! fronds are produc$4 ,,scape4 ,a nak$ /em ris+ f ! gr\nd4 ,,segm5t4 ,"o ( ! small] divisions ( a p9natifid frond4 ,,s]rate4 ,hav+ ! m>g9 %>ply cut into tee? po9t+ =w>d4 ,,s]rulate4 ,! same only ) small] tee?4 ,,sessile4 ,)\t a /alk4 ,,s9us4 ,a cleft or r\nd$ curve betwe5 two lobes4 ,,s9uate4 ,) /rongly wavy m>g9s4 ,,sorus ,a clu/] ( sporangia2 a fruit dot4 7plu4 ,,sori74 ,,spatulate4 ,%ap$ l a druggi/'s spatula or a flatt5$ spoon4 ,,spike4 ,an elongat$ clu/] ( sessile sporangia4 ,,sp9ulose4 ,sp9y2 set ) small1 %>p sp9es4 ,,sporange 7plu4 ,a spore case4 ,a t9y globe 9 :i* ,,sporangia74 ! spores are produc$4 ,,/ipe4 ,! /em ( a f]n f ! gr\nd up to ! leafy portion2 ! leaf /alk4 ,,/olon4 ,an und]gr\nd bran* or runn]4 ,,subulate4 ,awl-%ap$4 ,,t]nate4 ,) ?ree ne>ly equal divisions4 ,,truncate4 ,end+ abruptly z if cut (f4 ,,tuft4 ,?+s flexible1 closely gr\p$ into a bun* or clu/]4 ,,v5ation4 ,! ve9+ ( a frond or leaf4 ,,v]nation4 ,! arrangem5t ( leaves 9 ! bud4 ,,:orl4 ,a circle ( leaves ar\nd a /em4 ,,w+$4 ,m>g9$ by a ?9 expansion ( ! ra*is4 ,,note ,! /ud5t %\ld h "s idea ( ! t]ms g5us1 species & v>iety1 al?\gh !y are n capable ( exact def9ition4 ,a species1 or k9d1 is 9 botany ! unit ( classification4 ,x embraces all su* individuals z may h orig9at$ 9 a common /ock4 ,su* individuals be> an ess5tial resemblance to ea* o!r1 z well z to _! common p>5t 9 all _! p>ts4 ,e4g41 ! ,c9namon f]n is a k9d or species ( f]n ) ! fronds evid5tly ( "o k9d1 & ( a common orig91 & all produc+ individuals ( _! own k9d by _! spores or root/ocks4 ,:5 su* individuals diff] p]ceptibly f ! type 9 ! %ape ( ! p9nae1 or ! cutt+ ( ! fronds1 we h v>ieties z frondosum1 incisum1 etc4 ,or if ! diff]5ce is less /rik+ ! ^w =m is us$ in/ead ( v>iety1 b 9 any giv5 case op9ions may diff] 9 respect to ! m fitt+ t]m4 ,a g5us is an assemblage ( species closely relat$ to ea* o!r1 & hav+ m po9ts ( resemblance ?an ( diff]5ce2 e4g41 ! royal f]n1 ! c9namon f]n1 & ! int]rupt$ f]n are alike 9 hav+ simil> spore cases borne 9 a some:at simil> mann] on ! fronds1 & =m+ ! g5us ,osmunda4 ,9 l mann] c]ta9 memb]s ( ! clov] gr\p--r$1 :ite1 yell[1 etc41 make up ! g5us ,trifolium4 ,?us individuals are gr\p$ into species & species are associat$ into g5]a1 & ! two gr\ps are unit$ to give ea* f]n or plant its true "n1 ! g5]ic "n be+ qualifi$ by t ( ! species2 z 9 ! c9namon f]n ,osmunda 7g5us71 c9namomea 7species74 ,,*eck ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,f]ns ,,( ,,nor!a/]n ,,am]ica ,9 ! foll[+ li/ ! fir/ "n is usually ! "o adopt$ 9 ! text1 & ^? t foll[ are synonyms4 ,names pr9t$ 9 small capitals are ^? ( ! new] nom5clature1 n[ adopt$ at ! ,gray ,h]b>ium b n 9 ! ,manual4 ,,adiantum ,l4 #a4 ,adiantum ,capillus-,v5]is ,l4 #b4 ,adiantum p$atum ,l4 ,v>4 ,,aleuticum ,,rupr4 ,,aspidium ,,sw4 #c4 ,aspidium ,boottii4 ,tuck]m4 ,dryopt]is ,boottii4 7,tuck]m47 ,und]w4 ,,!lypt]is ,,boottii4 7,tuck]m47 ,nieuwl4 #d4 ,aspidium cri/atum4 7,l47 ,sw4 ,dryopt]is cri/ata4 7,l47 ,a4 ,gray4 ,,!lypt]is ,,cri/ata4 7,l47 ,nieuwl4 #e4 ,aspidium cri/atum v>4 ,cl9tonianum4 ,d4,c4 ,eaton4 ,dryopt]is cri/ata v>4 ,cl9toniana4 7,d4,c4 ,eaton47 ,und]w4 ,,!lypt]is ,,cri/ata v>4 ,,cl9toniana4 7,d4,c4 ,eaton47 ,wea!rby4 #f4 ,aspidium cri/atum x m>g9ale4 ,dav5p4 #g4 ,aspidium ,filix-mas4 7,l47 ,sw4 ,dryopt]is ,filix-mas4 7,l47 ,sw4 ,,!lypt]is ,,filix-,,mas4 7,l47 ,nieuwl4 #h4 ,aspidium fragrans4 7,l47 ,sw4 ,dryopt]is fragrans4 7,l47 ,s*ott4 ,,!lypt]is ,,fragrans4 7,l47 ,nieuwl4 #i4 ,aspidium ,goldianum4 ,hook4 ,dryopt]is ,goldiana4 7,hook47 ,a4 ,gray4 ,,!lypt]is ,,goldiana4 7,hook47 ,nieuwl4 #aj4 ,aspidium m>g9ale4 7,l47 ,sw4 ,dryopt]is m>g9alis4 7,l47 ,a4 ,gray4 ,,!lypt]is ,,m>g9alis4 7,l47 ,nieuwl4 #aa4 ,aspidium noveborac5se4 7,l47 ,sw4 ,dryopt]is noveborac5sis4 7,l47 ,a4 ,gray4 ,,!lypt]is ,,noveborac5sis4 7,l47 ,nieuwl4 #ab4 ,aspidium simulatum4 ,dav5p4 ,dryopt]is simulata4 ,dav5p4 ,,!lypt]is ,,simulata4 7,dav5p47 ,nieuwl4 #ac4 ,aspidium sp9ulosum4 7,o4,f4 ,muell47 ,sw4 ,dryopt]is sp9ulosa4 7,o4,f4 ,muell47 ,kuntze4 ,,!lypt]is ,,sp9ulosa4 7,o4,f4 ,muell47 ,nieuwl4 #ad4 ,aspidium sp9ulosum v>4 int]m$ium4 7,muhl47 ,d4,c4 ,eaton4 ,dryopt]is sp9ulosa v>4 int]m$ia4 7,muhl47 ,und]w4 ,,!lypt]is ,,sp9ulosa v>4 ,,int]m$ia4 7,muhl47 ,nieuwl4 #ae4 ,aspidium sp9ulosum v>4 concordianum4 7,dav5p47 ,ea/man4 ,,!lypt]is ,,sp9ulosa v>4 ,,concordiana4 7,dav5p47 ,wea!rby4 #af4 ,aspidium sp9ulosum v>4 dilatatum4 7,h(f47 ,gray4 ,dryopt]is sp9ulosa v>4 dilatata4 7,h(f47 ,und]w4 ,,!lypt]is ,,sp9ulosa v>4 ,,am]icana4 7,fis*47 ,wea!rby4 #ag4 ,aspidium !lypt]is4 7,l47 ,sw4 ,dryopt]is !lypt]is4 7,l47 ,a4 ,gray4 ,,!lypt]is ,,palu/ris4 ,s*ott4 ,,aspl5ium ,l4 #ah4 ,aspl5ium ,bradleyi4 ,d4,c4 ,eaton4 #ai4 ,aspl5ium platyneuron4 7,l47 ,oakes4 ,aspl5ium eb5eum4 ,ait4 #bj4 ,aspl5ium eb5oides4 ,r4,r4 ,scott4 #ba4 ,aspl5ium montanum4 ,willd4 #bb4 ,aspl5ium p>vulum4 ,m>t1 & ,gal4 ,aspl5ium resili5s4 ,kze4 #bc4 ,aspl5ium p9natifidum4 ,nutt4 #bd4 ,aspl5ium ,ruta-mur>ia4 ,l4 #be4 ,aspl5ium ,tri*omanes4 ,l4 #bf4 ,aspl5ium viride4 ,huds4 ,,a?yrium4 ,,ro? #bg4 ,,a?yrium ,,acro/i*oides4 7,sw47 ,diels4 ,aspl5ium acro/i*oides4 ,sw4 ,aspl5ium !lypt]oides4 ,mi*x4 #bh4 ,,a?yrium ,,angu/ifolium4 7,mi*x47 ,milde4 ,aspl5ium angu/ifolium4 ,mi*x4 ,aspl5ium pycnoc>pon4 ,spr5g4 #bi4 ,,a?yrium ,,angu/um4 7,willd47 ,presl4 ,a?yrium filix-fem9a4 ,am]ican ,au?ors n ,ro?4 ,aspl5ium filix-fem9a4 ,am]ican ,au?ors n ,b]nh4 #cj4 ,,a?yrium ,,aspl5ioides4 7,mi*x47 ,desv4 ,,botry*ium4 ,,sw4 #ca4 ,botry*ium lanceolatum4 7,gmel47 ,ang/roem4 ,,botry*ium ,,angu/isegm5tum4 7,pease & ,moore47 ,f]nald4 #cb4 ,,botry*ium ,,dissectum4 ,spr5g4 ,botry*ium obliquum v>4 dissectum4 7,spr5g47 ,clute4 #cc4 ,botry*ium obliquum4 ,muhl4 ,,botry*ium ,,dissectum v>4 ,,obliquum4 7,muhl47 ,clute4 #cd4 ,botry*ium lun>ia4 7,l47 ,sw4 #ce4 ,botry*ium ramosum4 7,ro?47 ,as*]s4 ,botry*ium matric>iaefolium4 ,a4 ,br4 ,botry*ium neglectum4 ,wood4 #cf4 ,botry*ium simplex4 ,e4 ,hit*cock4 #cg4 ,botry*ium t]natum4 7,?unb47 ,sw4 ,v>4 int]m$ium4 ,d4,c4 ,eaton4 ,botry*ium obliquum v>4 int]m$ium4 7,d4,c4 ,eaton47 ,und]w4 #ch4 ,botry*ium virg9ianum4 7,l47 ,sw4 ,,camptosorus4 ,,l9k #ci4 ,camptosorus rhizophyllus4 7,l47 ,l9k4 ,,*eilan!s4 ,,sw4 #dj4 ,*eilan!s alabam5sis4 7,buckley47 ,kunze4 #da4 ,*eilan!s ,feei4 ,moore4 ,*eilan!s lanug9osa4 ,nutt4 #db4 ,*eilan!s lanosa4 7,mi*x47 ,watt4 ,*eilan!s ve/ita4 ,sw4 #dc4 ,*eilan!s tom5tosa4 ,l9k4 ,,cryptogramma4,r4 ,,br4 #dd4 ,cryptogramma d5sa4 7,brack47 ,diels4 ,pellaea d5sa4 7,brack47 ,hook4 #de4 ,cryptogramma ,/ell]i4 7,gmel47 ,prantl4 ,pellaea gracilis4 7,mi*x47 ,hook4 #df4 ,cryptogramma acro/i*oides4 ,r4 ,br4 ,,cy/opt]is4 ,,b]nh4 #dg4 ,cy/opt]is bulbif]a4 7,l47 ,b]nh4 ,filix bulbif]a4 7,l47 ,und]w4 #dh4 ,cy/opt]is fragilis4 7,l47 ,b]nh4 ,filix fragilis4 7,l47 ,und]w4 ,,d5n/a$tia ,l',,h]4 #di4 ,,d5n/a$tia ,,punctilobula4 7,mi*x47 ,moore4 ,dicksonia pilosiuscula4 ,willd4 ,,lygodium ,,sw4 #ej4 ,lygodium palmatum4 7,b]nh47 ,sw4 ,,no?ola5a4,r4 ,,br4 #ea4 ,no?ola5a dealbata4 7,pur%47 ,kunze4 ,no?ola5a nivea v>4 dealbata4 7,pur%47 ,dav5p4 ,,onoclea ,l4 #eb4 ,onoclea s5sibilis4 ,l4 #ec4 ,onoclea ,/ru?iopt]is4 7,l47 ,h(f4 ,/ru?iopt]is ,g]manica4 ,willd4 ,matteuccia ,/ru?iopt]is4 7,l47 ,tod>o4 ,,pt]etis ,,nodulosa4 7,mi*x47 ,nieuwl4 ,,ophioglossum4 7,,t\rn47 ,l4 #ed4 ,ophioglossum vulgatum4 ,l4 ,ophioglossum vulgatum v>4 m9us4 ,moore4 #ee4 ,ophioglossum ,engelmanni4 ,prantl4 ,,osmunda4,l4 #ef4 ,osmunda c9namomea4 ,l4 #eg4 ,osmunda ,claytoniana4 ,l4 #eh4 ,osmunda regalis4 ,l4 ,,osmunda ,,regalis v>4 ,,spectabilis4 7,willd47 ,gray4 ,,pellaea4 ,,l9k #ei4 ,pellaea atropurpurea4 7,l47 ,l9k4 #fj4 ,pellaea glabella4 ,mett4 ,,phegopt]is ,,fee #fa4 ,phegopt]is ,dryopt]is4 7,l47 ,fee4 ,,!lypt]is ,,dryopt]is4 7,l47 ,slosson4 #fb4 ,phegopt]is hexagonopt]a4 7,mi*x47 ,fee4 ,,!lypt]is ,,hexagonopt]a4 7,mi*x47 ,wea!rby4 #fc4 ,phegopt]is polypodioides ,fee4 ,,!lypt]is ,,phegopt]is4 7,l47 ,slosson4 ,phegopt]is ,phegopt]is4 7,l47 ,und]w4 #fd4 ,phegopt]is ,rob]tiana4 7,h(f47 ,a4 ,br4 ,phegopt]is calc>ea4 ,fee4 ,,!lypt]is ,,rob]tiana4 7,h(f47 ,slosson4 ,,polypodium4,l4 #fe4 ,polypodium vulg>e4 ,l4 #ff4 ,polypodium polypodioides4 7,l47 ,watt4 ,polypodium incanum4 ,sw4 ,,poly/i*um4 ,,ro? #fg4 ,poly/i*um acro/i*oides4 7,mi*x47 ,s*ott4 ,aspidium acro/i*oides4 ,sw4 ,dryopt]is acro/i*oides4 7,mi*x47 ,kuntze4 #fh4 ,poly/i*um ,braunii4 7,sp5n]47 ,fee4 ,dryopt]is ,braunii4 7,sp5n]47 ,und]w4 ,aspidium aculeatum v>4 ,braunii4 ,doel4 #fi4 ,poly/i*um ,lon*itis4 7,l47 ,ro?4 ,aspidium ,lon*itis4 ,sw4 ,dryopt]is ,lon*itis4 ,kuntze4 ,,pt]is4,l4 #gj4 ,pt]is aquil9a4 ,l4 ,pt]idium aquil9um4 7,l47 ,kuhn4 ,,pt]idium ,,latiusculum4 7,desv47 ,maxon4 ,,pt]idium ,,latiusculum v>4 ,,pseudocaudatum4 7,clute47 ,maxon4 ,,s*izaea4,j4,e4 ,,smi? #ga4 ,s*izaea pusilla4 ,pur%4 #gb4 ,scolop5drium vulg>e4 ,j4,e4 ,smi?4 ,,phyllitis ,,scolop5drium4 7,l47 ,newman4 ,,tri*omanes4,l4 #gc4 ,tri*omanes radicans4 ,sw4 ,tri*omanes ,bos*ianum4 ,/urm4 ,,woodsia4,r4 ,,by4 #gd4 ,woodsia glabella4 ,r4 ,br4 #ge4 ,woodsia alp9a4 7,bolton47 ,s4,f4 ,gray4 ,woodsia hyp]borea4 ,r4 ,br4 #gf4 ,woodsia ilv5sis4 7,l47 ,r4 ,br4 #gg4 ,woodsia ,ca?c>tiana4 ,b4,l4 ,rob9son4 #gh4 ,woodsia obtusa4 7,spr5g47 ,torr4 #gi4 ,woodsia oregana4 ,d4,c4 ,eaton4 #hj4 ,woodsia scopul9a4 ,d4,c4 ,eaton4 ,,woodw>dia4,j4,e4 ,,smi? #ha4 ,woodw>dia virg9ica4 ,sm4 #hb4 ,woodw>dia areolata4 7,l47 ,moore4 ,woodw>dia angu/ifolia4 ,sm4 ,,! ,,petrifi$ ,,f]n ,9 a valley1 c5turies ago1 ,grew a little f]n-leaf gre5 & sl5d]1 ,ve9+ delicate & fib]s t5d]1 ,wav+ :5 ! w9d crept d[n s l[2 ,ru%es tall & moss & grass grew r\nd x1 ,playful sunbeams d>t$ 9 & f\nd x1 ,drops ( dew /ole d[n by night & cr[n$ x4 ,b no foot ( man e'er came t way-- ,e>? 0 "y & keep+ holiday4 ,mon/] fi%es swam ! sil5t ma91 ,/ately =e/s wav$ _! giant bran*es1 ,m\nta9s hurl$ _! sn[y avalan*es1 ,mammo? creatures /alk$ across ! pla91 ,nature revel$ 9 gr& my/]ies2 ,b ! little f]n 0 n ( ^!1 ,did n slumb] ) ! hills & trees1 ,only grew & wav$ its wild1 sweet way2 ,no "o came to note x day by day4 ,e>?1 "o "t1 put on a frolic mood1 ,heav$ ! rocks & *ang$ ! mighty motion ,( ! deep1 /rong curr5ts ( ! ocean2 ,mov$ ! pla9 & %ook ! haughty wood1 ,cru%$ ! little f]n 9 s(t1 moi/ clay1 ,cov]$ x & hid x safe away4 ,oh1 ! long1 long c5turies s9ce t day6 ,oh1 ! *anges6 ,oh1 life's bitt] co/6 ,s9ce ! useless little f]n 0 lo/4 ,useless8 ,lo/8 ,!re came a ?\ghtful man ,se>*+ ,nature's secrets f> & deep2 ,f a fissure 9 a rocky /eep ,he )drew a /one o'er :i* !re ran ,fairy p5cil+s1 a qua9t design1 ,leafage1 ve9+1 fib]s cle> & f9e1 ,& ! f]n's life lay 9 e l9e6 ,s1 ,i ?9k1 ,god hides "s s\ls away1 ,sweetly to surprise u ! la/ day6--,m4,b4 ,,bran*4