file which includes the original        
illustration4       ,see #aacbj-;h4htm  
or #aacbj-;h4zip3                       
7http3_/_/www4ibiblio4org_/gutenberg_/#a
_/a_/c_/b_/aacbj_/aacbj-;h_/#aacbj-;h4ht
m7       or                             
7http3_/_/www4ibiblio4org_/gutenberg_/#a
_/a_/c_/b_/aacbj_/aacbj-;h4zip7         
,,the ,,mirror ,,of ,,literature1       
,,amusement1 ,,and ,,instruction4       
,,vol4 #ab1 ,no4 #cca4 ,,saturday1      
,,september #ac1 #ahbh4 ,,price #b;d4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,charlecote ,hall1 near                 
,stratford-upon-,avon4   ,illustration  
,one of the most delightful things in   
the world is going a journey4 ,now if   
there be one of our million of friends  
who1 like the fop in the play1 thinks   
all beyond ,hyde ,park a desert1 let him
 forthwith proceed on a pilgrimage to   
,stratford-upon-,avon1 the birthplace of
 ,,shakspeare2 and though he be the     
veriest ,londoner that ever sung of the 
sweet shady side of ,pall ,mall1 we     

venture to predict his reform4 ,if such 
be not the result1 then we envy him not 
a jot of his terrestrial enjoyment4 ,let
 him but think of the countless hours of
 delight1 the full houses1 the lighted  
dome and deeping circles1 of the past   
season2 when    ,dread o'er the scene   
the ghost of ,hamlet stalks2   ,othello 
rages1 c4  and then will he not enjoy a 
visit to the place where--              
----,sweetest ,shakspeare1 ,fancy's     
child1   ,warbled his native wood-notes 
wild4  ,sterne1 the prince of           
sentimental tourists1 says1 ,let me have
 a companion of my way1 were it but to  
remark how the shadows lengthen as the  
sun declines2 but1 for our part1 we     
should prefer a visit to ,stratford1    
alone1 unless it were with some         
garrulous old guide to entertain us with
 his or her reminiscences4  ,this brings
 us to ,charlecote ,hall1 one of the    
,shakspearean relics4 ,it consists of a 
venerable mansion1 situated on the banks
 of the ,avon1 about four miles from    

,stratford1 and built in the first year 
of the reign of ,elizabeth1 by ,sir     
,thomas ,lucy2    ,a parliamente member1
 and justice of peace4   ,at home a poor
 scare-crow1 at ,london an asse1  and so
 well known as the prosecutor of        
,shakspeare4#a  ,the principal front1   
here represented1 assumes1 in its ground
 plan1 the form of the letter ,e--said  
to have been intended as a compliment to
 the queen1 who1 as appears from the    
,black ,book of ,warwick1 visited this  
place in #aegb4      #a ,at ,stratford1 
the family maintain that ,shakspeare    
stole ,sir     ,thomas ,lucy's buck1 to 
celebrate his wedding-day1 and for that 
purpose only4 ,but1 in that age1 when   
half the country was     covered with   
forests1 deer-stealing was a venial     
offence1 and     equivalent to snaring a
 hare in our days4  ,the above is copied
 from one of a ,series of ,views        
illustrative of the ,life of            
,shakspeare1 drawn and etched by ,mr4   
,w4 ,rider1 of ,leamington4 ,these      

engravings are five in number1 but the  
artist explains that he has selected    
such subjects only1 as from tradition1  
or more certain record1 might fairly be 
presumed to bear direct relation to the 
life of the poet4 ,but while he regrets 
that the number of authenticated        
subjects are so few1 he feels that from 
innovation or decay1 they are almost    
hourly becoming fewer2 and is1          
therefore1 prompted to secure the few   
remnants left1 while they are yet within
 his reach4  ,there is no doubt that the
 grounds around ,charlecote ,hall1 were 
the early haunts of ,,shakspeare2 and   
that in the house itself sat the        
magisterial authority1 before which he  
was doomed to meet the charges1 to which
 his youthful indiscretions had rendered
 him liable2 and1 as it remains1 to the 
present time1 for the most part1        
unaltered1 and presents to the spectator
 of the present day the same image that 
was often1 and under such peculiar      
circumstances1 impressed on the eye of  

our ,,shakspeare1 it cannot but be      
regarded with the most intense interest 
by all his admirers4  ,in conclusion1 we
 would recommend the illustrators of    
,shakspeare to possess themselves of a  
set of ,mr4 ,rider's ,views2 whilst the 
visiter of ,stratford-upon-,avon would  
do well to lay a copy in his            
portmanteau--for they are in truth so   
many faithful memorials of the great    
poet of nature4         99       99     
99       99       99    ,,on ,,national 
,,varieties4  7,for the ,mirror47       
,there are few more familiar subjects   
than that of the varieties of national  
character1 and the resemblances and     
differences that exist between ourselves
 and the inhabitants of other countries4
 ,few conversations occur upon          
circumstances which may have happened   
abroad1 in which some one has not an    
anecdote to relate to illustrate the    
known peculiarities of the nation in    
question2 and the greater part of the   
travels and tours which now issue in    

such formidable numbers from the press1 
are naturally filled with stories and   
incidents1 either to show the           
correctness of our ideas of the manners 
and opinions of our neighbours1 or      
7perhaps more frequently7 to prove that 
the public were in error in that        
respect1 up to the time when the        
traveller in question had discovered the
 truth1 or a clue to it4 ,the daily     
accounts of the outrages perpetrated in 
,ireland1 and the alarms that are       
sounded ever and anon1 touching the     
state of that unhappy country1 are      
continually exciting surprise1 that the 
natives of the sister island should be  
so unaccountably deficient in that sense
 of order and sobriety which prevails in
 ,great ,britain4 ,we associate with a  
,scotchman the ideas of shrewdness and  
prudence2 with a ,frenchman1 gaiety and 
frivolity2 with a ,spaniard1 gravity and
 pride2 with an ,italian1 strong        
passions of love and revenge3 with a    
,german1 plodding industry and habits of

 deep thinking2 and with the northern   
nations1 an honest sincerity and        
persevering courage4 ,we sometimes judge
 with tolerable correctness2 at others  
are wholly mistaken1 and not            
unfrequently run into such extremes1    
that having established a principle1    
that a particular people are knavish1 or
 cowardly1 or stupid1 we are unwilling  
to admit any exceptions1 but include the
 whole race in our sweeping censure4 ,we
 are prejudiced at first sight against a
 ,portuguese or ,italian1 and are       
careful of our communications with him1 
even though we meet him on the high     
road1 or by mere accident in a public   
place4 ,there can1 however1 be no       
mistake in the common notion1 that each 
nation has a peculiar collection of     
qualities and habits1 distinguishing it 
in a greater or less degree from its    
neighbours1 and the rest of the world2  
and it is1 therefore1 at all events1 an 
interesting1 if not an useful topic1 to 
reflect a little how these differences  

arise4 ,not that we intend here to give 
even any particular description of the  
various races of mankind1 or to enter   
into any inquiry upon the degrees of    
their mental and bodily capacities2 such
 would be foreign to our purpose1 and   
would exceed our limits4 ,we shall      
merely hazard a few observations upon   
the several causes to which the         
diversities in men have been referred1  
not pretending to any decided opinion on
 so nice a point1 as whether these      
causes are wholly of a physical or of a 
moral kind1 or whether they are         
compounded of both4 ,the question is1   
perhaps1 one of the most difficult in   
the whole range of philosophical        
experience2 we say experience1 because  
it is obvious that all theory on the    
subject must be the result of           
observation and analysis2 and that no   
general principles can be laid down in  
the first instance1 as the ground work  
of any hypothesis we might be inclined  
to frame4  ,the scientific men to whom  

we are chiefly indebted for the facts   
accumulated on this subject1 are ,dr4   
,blumenbach1 of ,gttingen1 ,dr4         
,pritchard1 of ,edinburgh1 and the      
eminent surgeon1 ,mr4 ,lawrence4 ,it has
 been a favourite matter of speculation 
with ,lord ,monboddo1 as well as with   
,voltaire1 ,rousseau1 and the           
philosophers of the ,french school1 who 
have endeavoured to show that men and   
other animals are endowed with reason or
 instinct of the same kind1 but of      
different degrees4 ,according to these  
fanciful writers1 the monkey is but     
another species of the human race1 and  
has been termed by them ,homo           
,sylvestris4 ,they made the most        
diligent researches into all accounts   
concerning men in a savage state1 and   
were delighted beyond measure with the  
discovery alleged to have been made in  
the island of ,sumatra1 of men with     
tails regularly protruding from their   
hinder parts1 who1 according to ,buffon1
 walked and talked in the woods like    

other gentlemen3--    ,and backwards and
 forwards they switched their long      
tails1   ,like a gentleman switching his
 cane4  ,the appearance of ,peter the   
,wild ,boy1 who was found in the woods  
of ,hamela1 in ,hanover1 living on the  
bark of trees1 leaves1 berries1 c4 threw
 ,voltaire into transports of joy4 ,he  
declared the event to be the most       
wonderful and important that ages had   
recorded in the annals of science1 as it
 demonstrated the fact of man living    
after the fashion of beasts1 without the
 least spark of civilization1 and       
without speech2 thereby forming a       
species of a nature having more in      
common with monkeys than with men1 and  
presenting the regular degree1 or       
intermediate class1 between the homo    
civilis and the homo sylvestris4 ,the   
circumstance1 however1 which afterwards 
transpired1 of ,peter's having been     
found with the remains of a shirt-collar
 about his neck1 threw considerable     
discredit on the whole story2 and the   

young savage1 on being brought to       
,england by order of ,queen ,caroline1  
lived in ,hertfordshire for many years1 
perfectly harmless and tractable1 and   
behaving pretty much the same as other  
idiots4 ,the idea1 therefore1 of a race 
of men1 in a healthy1 natural condition1
 having ever existed without the        
possession of reason1 is now deemed     
wholly fallacious4 ,it is even          
maintained by ,schlegel1 and other      
authorities of great weight1 that the   
civilized state is the primitive one1   
and that savage life is a degeneracy    
from it1 rather than civilized society  
being a graft upon barbarity4 ,by       
,schlegel's theory1 the ,east1          
especially ,india1 was the earliest seat
 of arts and sciences2 from the         
,sanscrit1 or ,indian language1 now     
extinct1 are the ,hebrew1 the ,chaldaic1
 the ,greek1 and many others of the most
 ancient tongues1 derived2 and from the 
wisdom and learning of the ,east was the
 whole earth overspread4 ,undoubtedly it

 is difficult to imagine by what        
gradation language could have proceeded1
 from the howl of savages1 and the cries
 of nature1 till it reached the eloquent
 music1 the heart-stirring oratory of   
the ,greek2 and besides this1 and other 
considerations1 ,schlegel is supported  
by the opinions of ,adelung1 the learned
 author of ,mithridates1 oder           
,allgemeine ,sprachenkunde1 upon the    
probable habitation of the first family 
of the human race4 ,adelung says1 that  
civilization began in ,asia1 as is1     
indeed1 universally admitted to have    
been the case2 and that when the waters 
of the flood subsided1 the highest      
ground1 we may naturally conclude1 must 
have been the earliest inhabited4 ,we   
may also reasonably presume that a      
beneficent ,providence would place the  
first family in a situation where their 
wants could be easily satisfied2 in a   
garden1 as it were1 stocked with all    
herbs and fruits1 fit and agreeable to  
their use and taste4 ,now such a country

 is actually to be found in ,central    
,asia1 between the degrees of #cj and   
#ej ,north lat4 and #ij and #aaj long4  
,e4 of ,ferro2 a spot as high as the    
,plains of ,quito1 or #i1ejj feet above 
the level of the sea4 ,it contains the  
sources of most of the great rivers of  
,asia2 the ,seleuga1 the ,ob1 the ,lena1
 the ,irtisch1 and the ,jenisey flow    
from hence to the ,north2 the ,jaik1 the
 ,jihon1 and the ,jemba to the ,west2   
the ,amur and the ,hoang ,ho to the     
,east2 and the ,indus1 ,ganges1 and     
,burrampooter to the ,south4 ,the       
valleys within this space1 which our    
readers1 by referring to a map1 will    
find to be correctly delineated1 abound 
with nutritive fruits and vegetables1   
and with all animals capable of being   
tamed4 ,there is evidently1 therefore1  
some plausibility in the notion that    
mankind sprung originally from the      
,east1 and that from that quarter       
civilization is derived2 but what       
portion of knowledge was allotted to the

 primitive people1 or how far their     
descendants have surpassed or fallen    
short of these olden times1 must1 we    
fear1 be for ever beyond the reach of   
our investigation4  ,if we call to mind 
a summary of the general divisions of   
human beings throughout the world1 we   
shall find little room to doubt of the  
identity of their genus1 and shall1     
without much trouble of reflection1     
class them as different species of that 
genus3--    ------,facies non omnibus   
una1   ,nec diversa1 tamen4  ,such seems
 to be the result of ,mr4 ,lawrence's   
judgment2 and though we are aware that  
the descent of mankind from one common  
stock has been much questioned and      
controverted1 particularly in ,germany1 
we prefer resting upon the received     
opinion at present1 to running the risk 
of shocking established notions1 by     
entering into the merits of the contrary
 theory4  ,men are classed by ,dr4      
,blumenbach under five great divisions1 
viz4 the ,caucasian1 ,mongolian1        

,ethiopian1 ,american1 and ,malay4 ,the 
,caucasian family may be asserted1      
though by its own members1 to have been 
always pre-eminent above the rest in    
moral feelings and intellectual powers1 
and is remarkable for the large size of 
their heads4 ,it need not be more       
minutely described1 than by saying it   
includes all the ancient and modern     
,europeans1 7except the ,laplanders and 
,fins27 the former and present          
inhabitants of ,western ,asia as far as 
the ,ob1 the ,caspian ,sea1 and the     
,ganges1 viz4 the ,assyrians1 ,medes1   
,chaldeans1 ,sarmatians1 ,scythians1    
,parthians1 ,philistines1 ,phoenicians1 
,jews1 and ,syrians2 the ,tartars on the
 ,caucasus1 ,georgians1 ,circassians1   
,mingrelians1 ,armenians1 ,turks1       
,persians1 ,arabs1 ,hindoos of high     
caste1 ,northern ,africans1 ,egyptians1 
,abyssinians1 and ,guanches4 ,they are  
supposed to have originally had brown   
hair and dark eyes4  ,the ,mongolian    
family is of an olive colour and black  

eyes1 flat nose and face1 small stature1
 black hair1 no beard1 and thick lips4  
,it comprises the people of ,central and
 ,northern ,asia1 ,thibet1 ,ava1 ,pegu1 
,cambodia1 ,laos1 and ,siam2 the        
,chinese1 ,japanese1 ,fins1 and         
,esquimaux4  ,the ,ethiopian family is  
black1 with black and woolly hair1      
compressed skull1 low forehead1 flat    
nose1 and thick lips4 ,it includes all  
,africans not comprehended in the       
,caucasian family4  ,the ,american      
family has a dark skin1 a red tint1     
straight hair1 a small beard1 low       
forehead1 and broad face4 ,it includes  
all the ,american tribes1 except the    
,esquimaux4  ,the ,malay family is      
brown1 varying from a light tint to     
black4 ,their hair is black and curled1 
head narrow1 bones of the face          
prominent1 nose broad1 and mouth large4 
,they inhabit ,malacca1 ,sumatra1 ,java1
 and the adjacent islands2 ,molucca1 the
 ,ladrones1 ,new ,holland1 ,van         
,dieman's ,land1 ,new ,guinea1 ,new     

,zealand1 and the ,south ,sea ,islands4 
,they speak generally the ,malay        
language4  ,the difference of character 
and disposition of these five families  
is familiar to every one2 they are as   
well known as is the superiority of the 
,caucasian to the other races1 and as   
the outward distinctions of their bodies
 and complexions4 ,the reasons of this  
difference have been variously assigned1
 some ascribing it to natural1 others   
altogether to moral causes4 ,by natural 
causes we understand either that the    
constitutions of the races are such1    
that their capabilities of informing    
their minds1 and raising their          
intellectual powers1 are essentially not
 the same2 or that the climate has an   
influence over both their bodies and    
minds4 ,by moral causes1 we mean        
artificial or accidental ones arising   
out of the state of society2 such as the
 nature of the government1 the plenty or
 poverty in which people live1 a period 
of war or peace1 the power of public    

opinion1 and such circumstances4  ,the  
effect of climate cannot of itself be   
sufficient to change the manners and    
habits of a people4 ,the instances of   
migratory nations seem to show this2 the
 ,jews are as cunning and fond of money 
in ,asia or ,africa as they are in      
,poland or ,england2 that extraordinary 
race1 the ,gipsies1 7which are now      
ascertained to be a ,hindoo tribe1      
driven from their country in the        
fifteenth century17 are not less        
thievish in ,transylvania than in       
,scotland4 ,the ,armenians of           
,constantinople1 and other parts of the 
,levant1 are represented to be of the   
same mild and persevering temper1 of the
 same honesty and skilfulness in their  
dealings1 and the same kindness and     
civility of manners1 as before they were
 driven from their country by           
,sha-,abbas the ,great4 ,the changes1   
however1 in the habits and character of 
this people seem to mark the influence  
of their several domestic situations4   

,they were originally the most warlike  
of the ,asiatic tribes2 after their     
subjection by the ,persians1 they       
engaged themselves entirely in the      
patient cultivation of the soil2 and    
since the period of the depopulation of 
,armenia1 and their migrations into     
,persia1 ,russia1 ,turkey1 and other    
countries1 they have been celebrated for
 their industry in commercial concerns4 
,they are bankers1 money-brokers1       
merchants1 surgeons1 bakers1 builders1  
chintz-printers1 and of all trades that 
can be imagined1 and are represented as 
the most useful subjects in the ,ottoman
 empire1 retaining at the same time an  
almost patriarchal simplicity in their  
domestic manners4 ,the ,english in the  
,east and ,west ,indies1 in ,new ,south 
,wales1 and in ,canada1 seldom lose a   
relish for the habits and enjoyments    
they have been bred up in1 whether they 
migrate to the extremes of heat or of   
cold4 ,john ,bull is an ,englishman in  
heart1 and will remain so under whatever

 sun his lot of life may be cast2 for1  
,coelum1 non animum1 mutant1 qui trans  
mare currunt4  ,we rarely find the      
,spaniards or ,italians1 or the natives 
of the ,south of ,europe1 lose their    
ideality of character and their warm    
passions when settled permanently in    
,england2 the only alteration in them   
seems to be such as the forms of society
 and intercourse with others has led    
them to4 ,still the man is the same1    
though he may have adopted a new regime 
in the fashion of his clothes1 or the   
dishes of his dinner4  7,to be          
continued47         99       99       99
       99       99   ,,fair ,,rosamond4 
7,to the ,editor of the ,mirror47   ,in 
a late ,number of the ,,mirror1 in which
 you have given a view of the ,labyrinth
 at ,woodstock1 and several particulars 
respecting ,fair ,rosamond1 many doubts 
are stated relative to her death1 viz4  
how and what time4 ,i therefore send you
 the following account from ,collins's  
,peerage of ,england3--  ,rosamond de   

,clifford was the eldest of the two     
daughters of ,walter de ,clifford1 by   
,margaret his wife1 daughter and heir of
 ,ralph de ,toeny1 ,lord of ,clifford   
,castle1 in ,herefordshire1 7and had    
with her the said castle and lands about
 it as an inheritance47 ,this ,rosamond 
was the unfortunate concubine of ,henry 
,,ii41 for whom the king built that     
famous ,labyrinth#b at ,woodstock1 where
 she lived so retired1 as not easily to 
be found by his jealous queen4 ,the king
 gave her a cabinet of such elegant     
workmanship1#c as showed the fighting of
 champions1 moving of cattle1 flying of 
birds1 and swimming of fish1 which were 
so artfully represented1 as if they had 
been alive4 ,she died #bcrd ,henry ,,ii4
 anno #aagf1 by poison 7as was          
suspected7 given her by ,queen ,eleanor1
 and was buried in the ,chapter-house of
 the ,nunnery of ,godstow4  ,g4,f4      
#b ,chron4 ,joreval1 #aaea4     #c      
,ibid4         99       99       99     
99       99   ,,godstow ,,nunnery4   ,on

 the banks of the ,isis1 about two miles
 from ,oxford1 are the remains of       
,godstow ,nunnery4 ,it was founded      
towards the end of the reign of ,henry  
,i4 by ,editha1 a lady of ,winchester1  
and when dissolved in the reign of      
,henry ,,viii4 it was valued at #bgd4   
per annum4 ,a considerable portion of   
its buildings remained until the end of 
the reign of ,charles ,i4 about which   
time they were accidentally destroyed by
 fire4 ,the present remains consist     
chiefly of ranges of walls on the north1
 south1 and east sides of an extended   
area4 ,near the western extremity of the
 high north wall are the remains of two 
buttresses4 ,there is a small building  
which abuts on the east1 and ranges     
along the southern side1 which was      
probably the ,chapter ,house of the     
,nuns4 ,the walls are entire1 the roof  
is of wood1 and some of the rafter work 
is in fair preservation4 ,it is in this 
building that the remains of ,rosamond  
are supposed to have been deposited1    

when they were removed from the choir of
 the church1 by the order of ,hugh1     
,bishop of ,lincoln1 in #aaia4 ,on the  
north wall is painted a pretended copy  
of her epitaph in ,latin4 ,many stone   
coffins have at various times been found
 on this spot4  ,,halbert ,h4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,,scraps ,,from ,,turkish ,,history4    
7,for the ,mirror47   ,first ,landing of
 the ,turks in ,europe4--,orchanes1     
second king of the ,turks1 having       
settled his monarchy in ,lesser ,asia1  
was determined to get footing in        
,europe4 ,solyman1 his eldest son1 being
 willing to undertake the enterprise1   
was accordingly despatched with an army 
of veterans1 who crossed the            
,hellespont1 and arrived on the         
,european side4 ,they soon afterwards   
seized many considerable castles and    
cities belonging to the ,greeks1 who    
offered little or no resistance to the  
invaders of their empire4 ,these        
occurrences transpired about the year   

#aceh4  ,a ,woman's ,revenge4--,mahomet 
the ,great1 on being proclaimed ,sultan1
 caused his two innocent brothers to be 
put to death2 the mother of the youngest
 immediately afterwards went to the new 
king1 and reproached him severely for   
his cruelty4 ,in order to appease her1  
he said1 that it consisted with the     
policy of his state to do as he had     
done1 but that whatever she asked of him
 should be granted her4 ,the lady1      
therefore1 determining to be revenged1  
demanded one of the sultan's chief      
bassas to be delivered to her4 ,mahomet1
 to keep his word1 gave orders that it  
should be done without delay2 and the   
enraged lady1 seeing the bassa bound    
before her1 first stabbed him1 and then 
plucked out his liver1 which she cast to
 the dogs4  ,turkish                    
,superstition4--,scanderbeg1 prince of  
,epyrus1 after many glorious victories1 
died on the #agth of ,january1 #adff1 in
 the #ecrd year of his age1 and #bdth of
 his reign4 ,he was buried with great   

solemnity in the cathedral at ,lyssa4   
,the ,turks1 nine years afterwards1 took
 the city1 and dug up his bones for the 
purpose of setting them in rings and    
bracelets1 thinking1 by this means1 that
 they should partake of his invincible  
fortune4  ,amurath's ,dream4--,about the
 year #aeid1 ,amurath ,,iii4 dreamed    
that he saw a man of prodigious stature1
 with one foot raised upon the ,tower of
 ,constantinople1 while the other       
reached over the ,bosphorus1 and rested 
on the ,asiatic shore4 ,in one hand1 the
 figure sustained the sun1 while the    
other held the moon4 ,he struck his foot
 against the ,tower of ,constantinople1 
the fall of which overthrew the great   
temple1 and the imperial palace4        
,amurath1 being greatly discomfited by  
this dream1 consulted his wizard1 who   
informed him1 that it was a warning sent
 by their prophet ,mahomet1 who         
threatened the overthrow of their       
religion and empire1 unless ,amurath    
engaged his whole force against the     

,christians4 ,this interpretation had so
 much influence with the emperor1 that  
he vowed not to lay down his arms until 
he had utterly exterminated the         
,christians4  ,g4,w4,n4         99      
99       99       99       99   ,,trout 
,,fishing4  7,to the ,editor of the     
,mirror47   ,sir1--,i shall now sum up  
this ticklish subject1 by acquainting   
you with three more methods of catching 
trout in ,westmoreland4                 
,flood-netting4--,a flood net is a small
 net with a semi-circular frame at the  
mouth of it1 from which projects a long 
handle4 ,this is used only when there   
are floods2 the fisher draws it up the  
rivulets1 and every now and then pulls  
it up to look for his success4          
,sometimes he nets a great many at a    
time1 and especially if he wait the     
arrival of the flood1 because a large   
shoal mostly comes down with the first  
torrents4  ,pod-netting4--,this derives 
its name from the habitation of the     
trouts 7the banks of the becks7 which   

are called hods or holds and more       
frequently pods1 and this net therefore 
goes by these three names4 ,i have      
before described to you the situation   
generally of these holds to be either in
 the ledge of some rock or stone in the 
water1 or under some bank reaching over 
the stream4 ,this net is used in fine   
weather1 and when the water is clear as 
crystal2 the fisherman takes hold of the
 handles of the net1#d and wades through
 the stream as gently as possible1      
placing the net just at the side of a   
trout's hold1 taking care to keep it as 
close to the bottom as possible1 to     
afford the trout no room for escape4    
,then another with a long pole drives   
the trouts from the mouth of the hold1  
when they immediately dart into the net1
 and nothing remains but to draw the net
 quickly up4 ,this is a famous method of
 fishing4 ,i have been with parties when
 we have completely cleared the beck4   
,we went to ,carmony in the spring of   
#ahbe1 and caught an immense quantity by

 fishing with the hand and pod4 ,this   
brings to my recollection an amusing    
circumstance1 which ,i intend troubling 
you with1 though you may think it       
unworthy of notice4 ,it was reported in 
that year that there was a large        
quantity of trouts in the beck2 and ,i  
went at the recommendation of those who 
had seen a particularly large one 7when 
passing by7 basking in the streams4 ,i  
was referred to a certain lum1 and      
thither ,i went one afternoon with two  
friends1 to try if we could have an     
opportunity of seeing him4 ,we had      
scarcely reached the spot when we       
perceived him lying at the mouth of his 
hold1 a fine grassy bank at the side of 
which grew a small bush2 and ,i employed
 my friends to watch the trout should he
 escape me4 ,i crossed the brook 7my    
friends remaining on the opposite side71
 pulled off my coat and waistcoat1 and  
tucked up my shirt ready for action4 ,he
 was still lying very quietly1 and as ,i
 knew ,i had no chance with him then1 ,i

 touched him gently with a twig and he  
moved into his habitation4 ,i then      
leaned over the bank1 thrust in my arm1 
touched his back1 ,i felt his size1 and 
was all caution4 ,so first ,i began to  
secure him by building a piece of wall  
before the bank to prevent his going    
out2 but ,i had no sooner laid the first
 stone than out he bounced1 and darted  
down the river about twenty yards1 7we  
running after him all the while7 then up
 again1 and so on for about a quarter of
 an hour1 till at length he became tired
 and waddled into his dwelling4 ,i now  
thought all secure1 and once more put in
 my hand1 when he jumped at least three 
or four yards out of the water4 ,i must 
confess1 ,i was a little confused with  
my friends' dictation1 who feared ,i    
should lose him4 ,again housed1 ,i made 
a kind of fort at one end of the hold1  
and this done1 ,i again thrust in my    
arm1 when he was as soon out again1 and 
on getting up ,i found my hand covered  
with blood4 ,still he came back to his  

favourite place1 and ,i tried again1    
after giving my friends caution to be on
 the look out4 ,this time ,i was        
successful1 ,i put my hand gently under 
his belly1 and by a tickle1 secured the 
rascal1 by thrusting the fore-finger and
 thumb of my right hand in his gills4 ,i
 got him on to land1 my friends ran     
about in exstacy1 and ,i think ,i never 
saw a finer trout than he proved to     
be--real ,eden4 ,we gave a shout of     
triumph1 after which we cut him on the  
nose to kill him4 ,from tail to snout he
 measured one foot four inches2 but he  
was beautifully plump and thick-made4   
,we now began to wonder what caused the 
blood on my hand1 when on examination1  
we found a large night hook in his side1
 which no doubt ,i had touched1 and had 
thus given him pain1 and made him       
restless4 ,i will not prolong the story1
 but tell you he weighed about two      
pounds and a half1 and was acknowledged 
to be the plumpest trout ever caught in 
that county by the hand4#e ,shortly     

afterwards ,i caught the partner to it  
in the same place1 but it was not so    
fine a trout1 and ,i had not so much    
effort in catching it4 ,the largest     
trout ever caught in this county weighed
 four pounds and a half1 but that was   
taken with the net4 ,i have no other    
recommendation for this paper but its   
originality4 ,i have enjoyed the sport1 
and can only half convey a description  
of it upon paper4  ,w4,h4,h4      #d    
,this net is made differently from the  
other1 there being no     frame to it   
and having two handles4      #e ,the    
reader must consider the difficulty of  
holding a large     fish with the hand4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,the ,,rose4  7,for the ,mirror47      
,mark1 ,laura1 dearest1 yonder rose     
,its inner folds are sad and pale1 love2
   ,while blushing1 outward leaves      
disclose     ,a lively crimson to the   
gale1 love4    ,yet as the secret       
canker-worm     ,preys deeply on its    
drooping heart1 love1   ,soon from the  

flow'ret's with'ring form     ,will all 
that vivid glow depart1 love4    ,then  
turn to me those beaming eyes--     ,a  
blooming cheek although you see1 love1  
,since hope is fled1 then pleasure dies1
     ,and read the rose's fate in me1   
love4         99       99       99      
99       99   ,,old ,,wine4  7,for the  
,mirror47   ,the passion for old wines  
has sometimes been carried to a very    
ridiculous excess1 for the thick crust1 
the bee's wing1 and the several other   
criterions of the epicure1 are but so   
many proofs of the decomposition and    
departure of some of the best qualities 
of the wine4 ,had the man that first    
filled the celebrated ,heidleburg tun   
been placed as sentinel1 to see that no 
other wine was put into it1 he would    
have found it much better at twenty-five
 or thirty years old1 than at one       
hundred1 had he lived so long1 and been 
permitted now and then to taste it4  ,at
 ,bremen there is a wine-cellar1 called 
the ,store1 where five hogsheads of     

,rhenish wine have been preserved since 
#afbe4 ,these five hogsheads cost #a1bjj
 francs4 ,had this sum been put out to  
compound interest1 each hogshead would  
now be worth above a thousand millions  
of money1 a bottle of this precious wine
 would cost #ba1gii1dhj francs1 or about
 #ijh1caal41 and a single wine-glass    
#b1gbc1hjh francs1 or about #aac1dibl44 
,j4,l4,s4         99       99       99  
99       99   ,,the ,,heroine4  ,a      
,,sketch ,,from ,,sundry ,,novels4      
7,for the ,mirror47   ,she must be1     
plaisir1 tall and slender in person1 or 
of humbler stature1 but never inclining 
to stoutness1 since the en bon point    
savours 7at least in romance7 of        
vulgarity4 ,her complexion may be light 
or dark1 according to fancy2 but her    
interesting pallidness may occasionally 
be relieved by a hectic flush1 yet more 
interesting4 ,she must possess small    
alabaster hands1 coral or ruby lips1    
enchasing a double row of pearls2 a neck
 rivalling ivory or driven snow1 7yes1  

even if our heroine be a brunette1 for  
incongruity is the very essence of      
romance72 velvet cheeks1 golden or jet  
black hair1 diamond eyes1 marvellous    
delicate feet1 shrouded at all times in 
bas-de-soie1 and defended by the most   
enchanting slippers imaginable2 her     
figure must be a model for the statuary1
 and at all seasons1 and in every       
situation1 arrayed in muslins or silks1 
which1 wondrous to relate1 resist the   
injuries of time1 weather1 and wear in a
 manner perfectly astounding4 ,what     
heroine had ever an hiatus in her       
stocking1 or a fracture in her gown of  
finest woof8 ,ye gods6 what an insult to
 suppose her repairing such6 ,the lady's
 mental accomplishments and             
qualifications are as follow3--,she     
sings divinely1 plays on the harp 7and  
piano too in modern days7  merveille2   
occasionally condescends to fascinate on
 the guitar1 and the lute also1 should  
that instrument1 now rather antiquated1 
fall in her way4 ,she takes portraits1  

and sketches from nature2 she           
understands all languages1 or rather    
that desideratum1 an universal tongue1  
since in the most foreign lands she is  
never at a loss to render herself       
understood1 nor to comprehend that which
 is addressed to her2 she is of a       
melancholy cast of mind1 and carries    
sal-volatile in her reticule1 and       
fountains of tears in her eyes1 for use 
on the most public occasions2 she likes 
gloomy apartments1 looking upon the sea1
 mountains1 or black forests1 and       
leading into endless corridors2 she has 
an olian lyre ever at her casement1     
writes verses and weeps by moonlight1   
for--effect1 or-- nothing2 and is       
enamoured with a being1 who1 in the     
common course of nature1 could not      
exist2 he possessing1 amongst other fine
 qualities1 that of omnipresence in an  
impious degree4 ,should the heroine     
reside in a town1 and especially        
,london1 she must have dwelt previously 
in some isolated mansion1 seldom visited

 by beings superior in intellect to the 
foxes they hunt2 an idiot mother1 vulgar
 aunt1 a father1 an uncle1 or a guardian
 in his dotage1 must have superintended 
her education2 and when1 at the age of  
sixteen1 some fortunate chance throws   
her into society1 her accomplishments   
and manners are found more fitting for  
it and finished1 than those of persons  
who have from their cradles associated  
with families of the highest            
distinction1 and possessed all the      
advantages of a polished and liberal    
education4 ,the heroine has1 in all     
situations1 an abundant store of money1 
jewels1 and clothes1 supplied no one    
knows when1 how1 or by whom2 and these1 
with her musical instruments1 drawing   
materials1 c4 accompany her into every  
reverse of situation1 in a manner       
perfectly incomprehensible1 but highly  
amusing and edifying4 ,a miniature      
portrait of some mysterious relative or 
friend1 seldom or ever seen1 nay1       
indeed1 a sacred memento of the dead1 is

 highly scenic and effective in a       
romance4 ,the heroine ought1 by all     
means1 to possess such2 it may do good1 
and it can do no harm4 ,finally1 the    
lady must frequently faint1 be twice or 
thrice on the brink of the grave1       
undergo exquisite varieties of          
suffering1 run all hazards1 but retain  
her beauty and reputation unblemished to
 the last1 i4e4 to her marriage2 after  
which1 this wondrous and superlative    
creature1 and her partner in perfection1
 are never heard of more4 ,why8         
,m4,l4,b4         99       99       99  
99       99   ,,ancient ,,roman         
,,festivals4  ,,september4   ,the       
,septmontium was a festival of the seven
 mountains of ,rome1 which was          
celebrated in this month1 near the seven
 mountains1 within the walls of the     
city2 they sacrificed seven times in    
seven different places2 and on that day 
the emperors were very liberal to the   
people4  ,the ,meditrinalia were feasts 
instituted in honour of the goddess     

,meditrina1 and celebrated on the #acth 
of ,september4 ,they were so called from
 medendo1 because the ,romans then began
 to drink new wine1 which they mixed    
with old1 and that served them instead  
of physic4  ,p4,t4,w4         99        
99       99       99       99    ,,notes
 ,,of ,a ,,reader4   ,,the ,,annuals    
,,for #ahbi4   ,these elegant little    
works are already in a forward state4   
,,mr4 ,,alaric ,,watts announces the    
plates of the ,,souvenir1 of a more     
important size than heretofore1 and     
twelve in number1 already completed4    
,among them are ,cleopatra embarking on 
the ,cydnus1 drawn by ,danby1 and       
engraved by ,goodall2 ,love taught by   
the ,graces1 drawn by ,hilton1 and      
engraved by ,j4,c4 ,edwards2 a beautiful
 scene from ,lalla ,rookh1 drawn by     
,stephanoff1 and engraved by ,bacon2    
,she never told her ,love1 drawn by     
,westall1 and engraved by ,rolls4       
,whilst ,mr4 ,watts has been catering   
for the children of a larger growth1    

,mrs4 ,w4 has been preparing a ,new     
,year's ,gift2 or ,juvenile ,souvenir1  
to be accompanied with exquisite        
illustrations of ,nursery literature2 as
 the ,children in the ,wood1 ,red       
,riding ,hood1 c4 with two historical   
subjects after ,northcote4  ,mr4        
,ackermann1 to whom we are indebted for 
the naturalization of ,annuals1         
announces that one of his plates in the 
forthcoming ,,forget ,,me ,,not--7#d    
inches by #c in dimension7 has cost one 
hundred guineas6 ,the subject is the    
,ruined ,city1 by ,martin1 engraved by  
,le ,keux4 ,fine engraving is thus      
almost as dear as building-ground at    
,brighton4  ,the ,,keepsake will appear 
much earlier than last year4 ,sir       
,walter ,scott has written three or four
 articles1 and two or three noble lords 
are among the contributors4 ,nothing can
 exceed the beauty of the specimens of  
the illustrations4  ,the ,,friendship',s
 ,,offering passes into the editorial   
hands of ,mr4 ,t4 ,pringle1 of whose    

poetical talents we have lately had some
 exquisite specimens4  ,the             
,,anniversary4--,allan ,cunningham has  
joined ,mr4 ,sharp 7of whose taste in   
getting up books1 our readers must be   
aware7 in a splendid volume to be called
 ,the ,anniversary4 ,among the          
engravings are ,psyche1 after ,sir      
,thomas ,lawrence2 ,young ,cottagers1   
after ,gainsborough2 the ,author of     
,waverley in his ,study1 after ,w4      
,allen2 a ,monkey1 c4 by ,landseer4     
,this is a new adventure1 and we wish   
its projectors many anniversaries4  ,the
 ,,christmas ,,box is to contain ,a     
,story1 from the pen of ,miss ,edgworth4
 ,mrs4 ,hofland1 ,miss ,mitford1 and    
,mrs4 ,hemans1 likewise1 contribute     
their pleasing aid4  ,the ,,pledge ,,of 
,,friendship is to be altered to ,the   
,gem1 to be edited by ,mr4 ,t4 ,hood1   
whose wit and fancy will sparkle among  
the contributions2 and who hopes that it
 may prove one of those hardy annuals1  
which are to become perennials2 the     

writers are to be of authorized         
popularity--the plates not of the common
 dessert kind1 but a welcome            
service--the engravers as true as steel 
to their originals--and the whole       
equally mental and ornamental3 so the   
wight has begun already4  ,the          
,,winter',s ,,wreath promises to bloom  
more vigorously than ever1 and earlier  
too--in ,september4 ,among the          
contributors are the names of ,hemans1  
,opie1 ,mitford1 ,montgomery1 ,wiffen1  
,delta1 c4  ,the ,,amulet is to be      
edited1 as last year1 by ,mr4 ,hall4    
,the ,,bijou is printing with two-fold  
energy4  ,we read the other day that    
,schiller's ,history of the ,german     
,war1 was originally published in ,damen
 ,almanach--a ,lady's ,almanack6 ,this  
is real azure4 ,annuals do not1 however1
 progress on the continent2 for a new   
one1 lately published contained but a   
single original contribution4 ,in       
,america they have bloomed with some    
success1 though not with the elegance   

and polish of our own country4 ,here    
their effect on the ,fine ,arts has been
 very important1 and they have done much
 for light reading1 every name of       
literary eminence1 except those of      
,moore1 ,campbell1 and ,rogers1 having  
been enlisted in their ranks4 ,we do    
not1 however1 remember ,leigh ,hunt1    
although his pleasantries would relieve 
the plaintiveness of some of the        
poetical contributions4 ,a few ,shandean
 articles would be very                 
agreeable--something like the           
,housekeepers in the last ,friendships' 
,offering4  ,nothing is said of the     
,literary ,pocket ,book2 but our old    
friend1 ,time's ,telescope1 will be     
mounted as usual4  ,we also take this   
opportunity to state that the ,,arcana  
,,of ,,science ,,and ,,art1 ,,for #ahbi1
 will appear towards the close of the   
present year2 and1 we are enabled to    
promise its patrons a still greater     
modicum of novelty and interest than was
 even comprised in its very successful  

forerunner4         99       99       99
       99       99   ,,martyrdom4       
,there is no truth more abundantly      
exemplified in the history of mankind1  
than that the blood of martyrs1 spilt in
 whatever cause1 political or religious1
 is the best imaginable seed for the    
growth of favour towards their persons1 
and1 as far as conversion depends on    
feeling1 of conversion to their         
opinions4 ,quoites mori emur toties     
nasciemur4--,edin4 ,rev4         99     
99       99       99       99           
,,english ,,liberty4   ,our liberty is  
neither ,greek nor ,roman2 but          
essentially ,english4 ,it has a         
character of its own1--a character which
 has taken a tinge from the sentiments  
of the chivalrous ages1 and which       
accords with the peculiarities of our   
manners1 and of our insular situation4  
,it has a language1 too1 of its own1 and
 a language too singularly idiomatic1   
full of meaning to ourselves1 scarcely  
intelligible to strangers4--,ibid4      

99       99       99       99       99  
,,sensuality4   ,how different is the   
night of ,nature from that of man1 and  
the repose of her scenes from the       
misrule of his sensual haunts2 what a   
contrast between the refreshing return  
of her morning1 and the feverish agonies
 of his day-dreams4--,cameleon          
,sketches4         99       99       99 
99       99   ,,the ,,flimsy ,,age4     
,poets sing of the golden age1 the      
silver age1 and the iron age1 but were  
they to celebrate this1 ,i think they   
should call it the flimsy age1 for every
 thing seems made to suit a temporary   
purpose1 without any regard to the sound
 and substantial4 ,from printed calico  
to printed books1 from ,kean's acting to
 ,nash's architecture1 all is made to   
catch the eye1 to gratify the appetite  
for novelty1 without regard to real and 
substantial excellence4--,blackwood4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,,village ,,churches4   ,we find very   
few monasteries founded after the       

twelfth century2 the great majority1    
which rose through the kingdom like     
exhalations1 were founded between the   
eleventh and twelfth centuries2 and in  
all county histories and authentic      
records1 we scarce find a parish church1
 with the name of its resident rector   
recorded1 before the twelfth century4   
,the first notice of any village church 
occurs in the ,saxon ,chronicle1 after  
the death of the conqueror1 ,a4,d4      
#ajhg4 ,they are called1 there1 upland  
churches4 ,then the king did as his     
father bade him ere he was dead2 he then
 distributed treasures for his father's 
soul to each monastery that was in      
,england2 to some ten marks of gold1 to 
some six2 to each upland church sixty   
pence4--,ingram's ,saxon ,chronicle4    
,gibson's note on the passage is1       
unicuique ecclesiae rurali4 ,these rare 
rural churches1 after the want of them  
was felt1 and after the lords of manors 
built1 endowed1 and presented to them1  
spread so rapidly1 that in #abjj in     

almost every remote parish there was an 
upland church1 if not a resident        
minister1 as at this day4  ,the         
convents1 however1 still remained in    
their pristine magnificence1 though     
declining in purity of morals and in    
public estimation4 ,in place of new     
foundations of this august description1 
the--    ,village parson's modest       
mansion rose1  gracefully shewing its   
unostentatious front1 and1 at length1   
humbly adorning almost all the scattered
 villages of the land4--,bowles's       
,history of ,bremhill4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,it was  
pleasantly observed by a sentimental    
jockey1 who lost by a considerable      
length the first race he ever rode1     
,i'll never ride another race as long as
 ,i live4 ,the riders are the most      
selfish1 narrow minded creatures on the 
face of the earth4 ,they kept riding and
 galloping as fast as they could1 and   
never had once the kindness or civility 
to stop for me4--,penelope4         99  

99       99       99       99           
,,ireland4   ,it has lately been proved 
by indisputable evidence1 that the      
present condition of the peasantry of   
,ireland is much superior1 to that of   
the population of the same island some  
centuries ago1 when the number of people
 did not exceed one million4 ,spenser   
describes them as inhabiting sties      
rather than houses1 which is the        
chiefest cause of the farmer's so       
beastly manner of living and savage     
condition1 lying and living together    
with his beast1 in one house1 in one    
room1 in one bed1 that is clean straw1  
or rather a foul dunghill4  ,in #agab1  
,dobbs1 a man particularly conversant   
with the general condition of ,ireland1 
estimated that its population had       
increased #bjj1jjj4 ,he states that the 
common people are very poorly clothed1  
go barelegged half the year1 and very   
rarely taste of that flesh meat with    
which we so much abound1 but are pinched
 in every article of life4  ,in #agfb1  

,sir ,william ,petty computed that the  
inhabitants of ,ireland amounted to     
about one million three hundred         
thousand4 ,their habitations1 he says1  
are lamentable wretched cabins1 such as 
themselves could make in three or four  
days1 not worth five shillings the      
building1 and filthy and disgusting to a
 degree1 which renders it necessary for 
us to refrain from quoting his          
description4 ,out of the #bjj1jjj houses
 of ,ireland1 says he1 #afj1jjj are     
wretched cabins1 without chimney1       
window1 or door shut1 even worse than   
those of the savages of ,america4 ,their
 food at the same period1 consisted of  
cakes1 whereof a penny serves for each a
 week2 potatoes from ,august till ,may2 
mussels1 cockles1 and oysters1 near the 
sea2 eggs and butter made very rancid by
 keeping in bogs2 as for flesh they     
seldom eat it2 they can content         
themselves with potatoes4         99    
99       99       99       99   ,,self  
,,knowledge4   ,we often hear people    

call themselves fools4 ,now a man ought 
to know whether he is a fool or not1 and
 he would not say it if he did not      
believe it2 and there is also a degree  
of wisdom in the discovery that one has 
been a fool1 for thereby it is intimated
 that the season of folly is over4      
,whosoever therefore actually says that 
he was a fool formerly1 virtually says  
that he is not a fool now4--,penelope4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,,the ,,maiden',s ,,choice4     ,genteel
 in personage1   ,conduct and equipage1 
,noble by heritage1     ,generous and   
free2   ,brave1 not romantic1           
,learn'd1 not pedantic1   ,frolic1 not  
frantic1     ,this must he be4          
,honour maintaining1   ,meanness        
disdaining4   ,still entertaining1      
,engaging and new3   ,neat1 but not     
finical1   ,sage1 but not cynical1      
,never tyrannical1     ,but ever true4  
,old ,,ms4         99       99       99 
99       99   ,,cunning4   ,in ,england1
 no class possesses so much of that     

peculiar ability which is required for  
constructing ingenious schemes1 and for 
obviating remote difficulties1 as the   
thieves and the thief-takers4 ,women    
have more of this dexterity than men4   
,lawyers have more of it than statesmen2
 statesmen have more of it than         
philosophers4         99       99       
99       99       99                    
,,story-,,telling4   ,a friend of mine  
has one1 and only one1 good story1      
respecting a gun1 which he contrives to 
introduce upon all occasions1 by the    
following simple1 but ingenious device4 
,whether the company in which he is     
placed be numerous or select1 addicted  
to strong potations1 or to long and     
surprising narratives2 whatever may     
happen to be the complexion of their    
character or conversation1 let but a    
convenient pause ensue1 and my friend   
immediately hears1 or pretends to hear1 
the report of a gun4 ,every body        
listens1 and recalls his late           
impressions1 upon which the story of a  

gun is naturally1 and as if by a casual 
association1 introduced thus--,by the   
by1 speaking of guns1 that puts me in   
mind of a story about a gun2 and so the 
gun is fixed in regular style1 and the  
company condemned to smell powder for   
twenty minutes to come6 ,to the telling 
of this gun story1 it is not1 you see1  
at all necessary that there should be an
 actual explosion and report2 it is     
sufficient that there might have been   
something of the kind4         99       
99       99       99       99           
,,pleasures ,,of ,,travelling4   ,dover 
quite full--horrible place6 ,shocking1  
the inns6 ,amphibious wretches1 the     
population4 ,ashore 7from steam-packet7 
at four in the morning4 ,fires out at   
,the ,ship4 ,no beds6 ,think of it6 ,had
 to wait till a party got up--going off 
at six4 ,six came--changed their minds  
7lazy67 wouldn't go6 ,woke the whole    
house with ringing the bells1           
however--took care they shouldn't sleep4
 ,filthy breakfast6 ,bad butter--vile   

chops-- eggs6 ,i never got an egg       
properly boiled in my life6 ,royal      
,society ought to give a premium4 ,set  
off1 starved and shuddering--roads      
heavy--four horses4 ,ruined with the    
expense4 ,man wanted to take half4      
,fat--looked greasy4 ,thought ruin best4
 ,got up to ,pagliano's a petrifaction6 
,worthy creature1 the cook6 ,tossed me  
up such a ,saumon1 ,tartare--,vol au    
vent--,maccaroni--all light4            
,coffee--liqueur--no wine for fear of   
fever--went to bed quite thawed in body 
and mind2 and walked round              
,leicester-square next morning like a   
giant refreshed6--,blackwood4         99
       99       99       99       99  ,a
 woman's true dowry is virtue1 modesty1 
and desires restrained2 not that which  
is usually so called4         99        
99       99       99       99           
,,domesday4   ,mr4 ,bowles in his       
,history of ,bremhill1 makes a few      
observations suggested by the account in
 ,domesday ,book1 on the wages1 and some

 of the prices of agricultural produce  
on the farms where the villani and      
servi1 literally slaves and villans1    
laboured4 ,when we find two oxen sold   
for seventeen shillings and four-pence1 
we must bear in mind that one ,norman   
shilling was as much in value as three  
of ours2 when we find that thirty hens  
were sold for three farthings each1 we  
must bear in mind the same proportion4  
,the price of a sheep was one shilling1 
that is three of ours4 ,wheat was six   
shillings a-quarter2 that would be1     
according to our scale1 two shillings   
and three-pence a-bushel4 ,now1 at the  
time of this calculation1 everything    
must have borne a greater price1        
reckoning by money1 than at the time of 
,domesday2 for the prices of articles   
now set down 7from an authentic document
 of the accounts of the ,duke of        
,cornwall1 first published from the     
original by ,sir ,r4,c4 ,hoare1 in his  
,history of ,mere17 bear date somewhat  
more than two hundred years afterwards1 

in the reign of ,edward the ,first1     
#abii4 ,but at that time1 what were the 
wages of the labourer8 ,the ploughman's 
wages were about five shillings a-year1 
fifteen shillings by the present scale2 
a maid for making pottage received a    
penny a week6         99       99       
99       99       99    ,,the ,,sketch  
,,book4  ,,striking ,,incident ,,in     
,,the ,,life ,,of ,a ,,midshipman4   ,i 
have read some theories1 or rather      
hypotheses1 of apparitions1 in which the
 authors attempt to account for the     
appearance of those unsubstantial       
shadows1 resembling the forms of living 
men1 by circumstances connected with the
 physical laws of matter4 ,but ,i am    
rather inclined to hold1 with another   
class of inquirers1 that the origin of  
such marvels must be looked for in the  
mind of the seers2 although ,i do not go
 the length of their scepticism1 and    
deny the actual existence of the ghostly
 show1 as a real and visible spectacle1 
before the eyes4  ,these observations   

will derive some illustration at least1 
if not entire confirmation1 from the    
following narrative1 which is deemed to 
be authentic in the neighbourhood in    
which the scene is laid2 and the        
application of which the judicious      
reader will1 no doubt1 be able to make  
for himself4  ,about the middle of the  
last war1 the ,polly1 tender1 commanded 
by lieutenant ,watts1 came swooping up  
one evening to the small town of        
,auchinbreck1 in ,scotland1 and1        
resolving to pounce1 without warning1   
upon her prey1 as soon as she had       
anchored in the roads1 sent ashore the  
press-gang to pick up as many of the    
stout boat-builder lads as they could   
catch4 ,the towns-people1 however1 were 
not so unprepared as the captain of the 
tender imagined2 some of those1 indeed1 
who were fit for sea1 ran up into the   
hills1 but by far the greater number    
collected about the corner of a         
building-shed as you go on to the main  
street1 and1 when the signal of         

hostility was given1 by the capture of a
 man by the press-gang1 they rushed down
 upon them in a body1 every one with his
 axe on his shoulder like a troop of    
,indians with their tomahawks4 ,it had  
now become so dark that the sailors had 
much to do to keep their footing upon   
the loose stones of the beach1 which was
 just at this time rendered a still more
 troublesome passage by the scattered   
materials of a pier1 then beginning to  
be built2 and1 besides1 their number was
 so small compared to the townspeople1  
that1 after a few strokes of the cutlas1
 and as many oaths as would have got a  
line-of-battle ship into action and out 
again1 they were fain to retreat to     
their boat1 pursued by the              
boat-builders1 young and old1 like      
furies4 ,a midshipman1 sitting in the   
stern1 whose name was ,william          
,morrison1 a fine lad of fifteen1       
observed the fate of the action with    
feelings in which local and professional
 spirit struggled for the mastery4 ,one 

moment he would rub his hands with glee1
 and the next unsheath his dagger in    
anger1 as he saw the axe of a           
fellow-townsman descend on the          
half-guarded head of a brother sailor2  
but1 when the combatants came within    
oar's length of the boat1 and the       
retreat began to resemble a flight1 the 
esprit de corps got the upper hand in   
the ,auchinbrecken midshipman's         
feelings1 and1 unsheathing his dagger1  
he jumped nimbly ashore and joined in   
the fray4 ,at last the sailors got      
fairly into their boat without a single 
man being either missing or killed1     
although the list of the wounded        
included the whole party2 and the       
landsmen1 apparently pretty much in the 
same circumstances1 although unable1    
from their number and the darkness1 to  
reckon as instantaneously the amount of 
the loss or damage1 after giving three  
cheers of triumph1 retired in good      
order4  ,william ,morrison1 after       
discharging his duty so manfully1 was   

permitted to go on shore the same       
evening1 to visit his friends2 and1     
indeed1 the captain could not have known
 before that he belonged to the place1  
as he surely would not have confided to 
the lad so unpopular a task as that of  
kidnapping his own relations and        
acquaintances4 ,he was landed at the    
point of ,scarlough1 to prevent the     
necessity of going through the streets1 
which might have been dangerous in the  
excited state of the people's minds2    
and1 stretching across the fields1 and  
along the side of the hill1 he steered  
steadily on in the direction of his     
paternal home1 which was about a mile   
and a half from the ,point1 but only one
 mile from the town4 ,the moon had now  
risen1 but was only visible in short    
glimpses through the clouds that were   
hurrying across the sky2 and the tall1  
strange shadows of the willows and yews 
that skirted the churchyard1 appearing  
and disappearing as he passed1 probably 
by recalling the associations of his    

earlier years1 made ,william shrink1 and
 almost tremble4 ,his own shadow1       
however1 was a more pleasing thing to   
look at4 ,the dress1 which1 grown       
familiar by usage1 he would not have    
noticed elsewhere1 was here brilliantly 
contrasted in his recollection with the 
more clownish and common garb of his    
boyhood--for he already reckoned himself
 a man2 and the dagger1 projecting      
smartly from his belted side1 gave1 in  
his opinion1 a finish quite melodramatic
 to his air4 ,he drew out the tiny blade
 from its sheath1 and its sparkle in the
 moonlight seemed to be reflected in his
 eyes as he gazed on it from hilt to    
point2 but the expression of those eyes 
was changed as they discovered that its 
polish in one place was dimmed by blood4
 ,this could easily be accounted for by 
the affray on the beach--and at any     
other time and place it would have been 
thought nothing of2--but at this moment1
 and on this spot1 he was as much       
startled by the sight1 as if his        

conscience had accused him of a         
deliberate murder4 ,the impressions his 
mind had received while passing the     
churchyard1 now returned upon him with  
added gloom2 a kind of misgiving came   
over him2 and a thousand boding thoughts
 haunted him like spirits1 and hanging1 
as it were1 on his heart1 dragged it    
down farther and farther at every step4 
,he bitterly regretted that he had not  
remained in the boat1 as he had at first
 resolved1 a neutral spectator of the   
strife4 ,how did he know that his hand  
had not been raised against the life of 
his own brother8 ,as far as he could see
 or learn1 indeed1 no fatal accident had
 occurred2 but there have been instances
 of people walking cheerily off the     
field of battle1 and dying of their     
wounds after all4 ,and yet it was not   
likely--it was hardly possible--that    
,john could have been in the affray1 his
 indentures protecting him from the     
impress4 ,these cogitations were        
speedily followed by others of as gloomy

 a character2 for the thoughts breed    
faster than we can perceive them1 and   
each multiplies after his kind4 ,it was 
a year since he had heard from his      
friends1 and five years since he had    
seen them4 ,who could tell what changes 
had taken place in that time8 ,who could
 tell whether poor ,john had even lived 
to be killed by the pressgang8 ,his     
father1 his mother1 and his             
sisters--were they dead1 were they      
living1 were they sick1 or in health8   
,his sister had been always a delicate  
girl1 one of those gentle and fragile   
flowers of mortality that are sure not  
to live till the summer2 perhaps        
consumption1 with the deceitful beauty  
of his smile1 had already led his fair  
partner down the short dance of life4   
,tormenting himself with such           
speculations1 he arrived at his father's
 house4 ,here he was surprised1         
bewildered1 almost shocked1 to observe a
 new and handsome farm-house in place of
 the old one4 ,on looking farther on1   

however1 he did detect the ancient      
habitation of his family1 in its        
original site2 but it seemed1 from the  
distance where he stood1 to be falling  
into ruins4 ,his whole race must either 
be dead or banished1 and a new tribe of 
successors settled in their place2 or   
else uncle ,william must be deceased1   
and have left his father money enough to
 build a new house4 ,he walked up to the
 door1 where he stood trembling for some
 minutes1 without courage to put his    
hand to the latch1 and at last went     
round to the window1 and1 with a        
desperate effort1 looked in4 ,how his   
heart bounded6 ,his father was there1   
still a stout healthy man of middle     
life1 his hair hardly beginning to be   
grizzled1 by the meddling finger of the 
old painter ,time2 and his mother1 as   
handsome as ever1 and her face relieved 
by the smile either of habitual         
happiness1 or of some momentary cause of
 joyful excitation1 from the ,madonna   
cast which had distinguished it in less 

prosperous days2 and his sister1 with   
only enough left of her former delicacy 
of complexion to chasten the luxuriant  
freshness of health on the ripe cheeks  
of nineteen4 ,john1 indeed1 was not     
there2 but a vacant chair stood by the  
table ready to receive him1 and         
another--a second chair1 beside it1 only
 nearer the fire--for whom8--for        
himself4 ,his heart told him that it    
was4 ,some one must have brought the    
tidings of his arrival2 the family      
circle were at that moment waiting to   
receive him2 he could see his old       
letters lying on the table before them1 
and recognised the identical red splash 
he had dropped1 as if accidentally1 on  
the corner of one--the dispatch he had  
written after his first action--although
 he had taken the trouble to go to the  
cock-pit to procure1 for the occasion1  
this valorous token of danger and glory4
 ,but ,john--it was so late for him to  
be from home6--and1 as a new idea passed
 across his mind1 he turned his eyes    

upon the old house1 which was distant   
about a hundred yards4 ,it was probable1
 he thought1 nay1 more than probable1   
that his father1 when circumstances     
enabled him to build a new house for    
himself1 had given the old one to his   
eldest son2 and ,john1 doubtless1 was   
established there as the master of the  
family1 and perhaps at this moment was  
waiting anxiously for a message to      
require his presence on the joyful      
occasion of his brother's arrival4 ,he  
did not calculate very curiously time or
 ages1 for his brother was only his     
senior by two years2 he felt that he was
 himself a man long ago1 and thought    
that ,john by this time must be almost  
an old man4  ,while these reflections   
were passing through his mind1 he       
observed a light in the window of the   
old house2 but he could not well tell   
whether it was merely the reflection of 
a moonbeam on the glass1 or a candle in 
the interior4 ,he walked forward out of 
curiosity2 but the scene1 as he         

approached the building1 was so gloomy1 
and the air so chill1 that he wished to 
turn back2 however1 he walked on till he
 reached the door1 and there1 sure      
enough1 his brother was waiting on the  
threshold to receive him4 ,they shook   
hands in silence1 for ,william's heart  
was too full to speak1 and he followed  
,john into the house2 and an            
ill-cared-for house it was4 ,he stumbled
 among heaps of rubbish in the dark     
passage2 and1 as he groped along the    
wall1 his hand brought down patches of  
old lime1 and was caught in spiders'    
webs almost as strong as if the spinner 
had meant to go a-fowling4 ,when they   
had got into the parlour1 he saw that   
the building was indeed a ruin2 there   
was not a whole pane of glass in the    
window1 nor a plank of wood in the damp 
floor2 and the fireplace1 without fire1 
or grate to hold it1 looked like the    
entrance to a burying-vault4 ,john1     
however1 walked quietly in1 and sat down
 on a heap of rubbish by the ingleside2 

and ,william1 following his example1 sat
 down over-against him4 ,his heart now  
began to quake1 and he was afraid1      
without knowing what he had to fear4 ,he
 ran over in his mind the transactions  
of the evening--his walk1 his           
reflections1 his anxieties--embracing   
the whole1 as if in one rapid and yet   
detailed glance of the soul1 and then   
turned his eyes upon his brother both in
 fear and curiosity4 ,what fearful      
secret could ,john have to communicate  
in a place like this8 ,could he not have
 spoken as well in the open air1 where  
it was so much warmer1 and in the       
blessed light of the moon8 ,no one was  
dead1 or likely to die1 that he cared   
for2 his dearest and almost only friends
 were at this moment talking and        
laughing round their social table1 and  
near a bright fire1 expecting his       
arrival1 and ,john and he were--here6   
,at length1 repressing by a strong      
effort the undefined and undefinable    
feelings that were crowding upon him1 he

 broke the silence1 which was now       
beginning to seem strange and           
embarrassing4  ,and how have you been1  
,john8 said he1 in the usual form of    
friendly inquiries2 and how have you got
 on in the world since we parted8  ,i   
have been well4 replied ,john2 and ,i   
have got on as well as mortal man could 
desire4  ,yet you cannot be happy2 you  
must have something to say--something ,i
 am almost afraid to hear4 ,out with it1
 in ,god's name6 and let us go home4    
,yes1 said ,john1 ,i have something to  
say2 but it will not take long to hear1 
and then we shall both go home4 ,i was  
apprenticed to the boat-building four   
years ago4 ,i know it1 replied ,william2
 you wrote to me about it yourself1     
,john4  ,i was made foreman before my   
time was out4  ,i know that1 too1 said  
,william2 ,fanny gave me the whole      
particulars in a letter ,i received at  
,smyrna2--surely that cannot be all4  ,i
 have more to tell1 said ,john1         
solemnly3 my apprenticeship is out4     

,what1 in four years6--you are mad1     
,john6 ,what do you mean8  ,the         
indenture was cancelled this evening4   
,how8 cried ,william1 with a gasp1 and  
beginning to tremble all over1 without  
knowing why4  ,i was wounded on the     
beach1 said ,john1 rising up1 and       
walking backwards towards the window2   
while the moon1 entering into a dense   
cloud1 had scarcely sufficient power to 
exhibit the outlines of his figure4 ,it 
was by the point of a dagger1 continued 
he1 his voice sounding distant and      
indistinct1 and ,i died of the wound6   
,william was alone in the apartment1 and
 he felt the hair rising upon his head1 
and cold drops of sweat trickling down  
his brow4 ,his ghastly and bewildered   
look was hardly noticed by his parents  
and sister during the first moments of  
salutation2 and1 when it was1 the excuse
 was illness and fatigue4 ,he could     
neither eat nor drink1 7it seemed as if 
he had lost altogether the faculty of   
swallowing17 but sat silent and         

stupified1 turning his head ever and    
anon to the door1 till it struck one    
o'clock4 ,about this time a knocking was
 heard1 and the sister1 jumping up1     
cried it was ,john come home1 and ran to
 open the door4 ,but it was not ,john2  
it was the minister of the parish2 and  
he had scarcely time to break the blow  
to the parents with the shield of       
religion1 when the dead body of their   
eldest son was brought into the         
house4--,orient4 ,herald4         99    
99       99       99       99   ,,spirit
 ,,of ,,discovery4   ,zoological        
,gardens4  ,it is stated that upwards of
 one hundred and eighty pounds have been
 received for the admission of the      
public to these gardens during one week4
  ,we omitted to mention last week1 that
 one of the lamas was presented by      
,robert ,barclay1 ,esq4 of ,bury ,hill2 
a leopard by ,lord ,auckland2 several   
animals from the ,arctic regions by the 
,hudson's ,bay ,company1 c4 ,the pair of
 emus were bred at ,windsor1 by ,lord   

,mountcharles4 ,the emu is hunted in    
,new ,south ,wales for its oil2 it      
frequently weighs #ajj lbs41 and its    
taste1 when cooked1 more resembles beef 
than fowl4--,see ,notes1 p4 #cgh1 vol4  
xi4 ,,mirror4  ,venerable ,orange ,tree4
  ,there is an orange tree1 still living
 and vigorous1 in the orangery at       
,versailles1 which is well ascertained  
to be above #djj years old4 ,it is      
designated the ,bourbon1 having belonged
 to the celebrated constable of that    
name in the beginning of the #afth      
century1 and been confiscated to the    
crown in #aebb1 at which time it was    
#ajj years old4 ,a crown is placed on   
the box in which it is planted1 with    
this inscription1 ,sown in #adba4       
,thirty-four orange-trees have lately   
been received at ,windsor1 as a present 
from the king of ,france to ,george     
,,iv4  ,potato ,mortar4  ,m4            
,cadet-de-,vaux found mortar of lime and
 sand1 and also that made from clay1    
greatly improved in durability by mixing

 boiled potatoes with it4  ,an          
,experimental ,farm1  ,as a school of   
practical husbandry for a part of       
central ,france1 has been formed by the 
celebrated ,abb de ,pradt4 ,it is       
situated about a league from ,avranches1
 on the great road from that city to    
,bort1 in the department of             
,corrze4--,foreign ,q4 ,rev4  ,a ,tunnel
 under the ,vistula1 at ,warsaw1  ,has  
been projected4 ,this mode of           
communication will be of the utmost     
utility1 especially at the times of the 
breaking up of the frost1 when all      
intercourse is interrupted4 ,the        
architect is a foreigner1 and has       
engaged to complete the work in the     
space of three years4--,paris ,paper4   
,small ,white ,slugs1  ,in gardens1 are 
more injurious than the larger variety1 
because their diminutive size escapes   
the gardener's eye4 ,a good way to keep 
them under is to make small holes1 about
 an inch deep1 and about the diameter of
 the little finger1 round the plants    

which they infest4 ,into these holes the
 slugs will retreat during the day1 and 
they may be killed there by dropping in 
a little salt1 quicklime in powder1 or  
by strong lime and water4--,gardener's  
,mag4  ,turkish ,method of ,preserving  
,filberts4  ,when perfectly ripe1 remove
 the husks1 and dry the nuts1 by rubbing
 with a coarse cloth2 sprinkle the      
bottom of a stone jar with a very little
 salt2 then place a layer of filberts1  
adding a small quantity of salt between 
each layer4 ,the jar must be perfectly  
dry and clean4 ,secure the top from air1
 and keep them in a dry place2 and1 at  
the end of six months1 they will        
peel4--,ibid4  ,extinction of ,fires4   
,when a chimney or flue is on fire1     
throw into the fire-place one handful   
after another of flower of sulphur4     
,this1 by its combustion1 effects the   
decomposition of the atmospheric air1   
which is1 in consequence1 paralysed1 or1
 in effect1 annihilated4  ,oysters4     
,after the month of ,may1 it is felony  

to carry away the caltch 7the spawn     
adhering to stones1 old oyster-shells1  
c47 and punishable to take any oysters1 
except those of the size of a half-crown
 piece1 or such as1 when the two shells 
are shut1 will admit of a shilling      
rattling between them4  ,the liquor of  
the oyster contains incredible          
multitudes of small embryo oysters1     
covered with little shells1 perfectly   
transparent1 swimming nimbly about4 ,one
 hundred and twenty of these in a row   
would extend one inch4 ,besides these   
young oysters1 the liquor contains a    
great variety of animalcules1 five      
hundred times less in size1 which emit a
 phosphoric light4 ,the list of         
inhabitants1 however1 does not conclude 
here1 for besides these last mentioned1 
there are three distinct species of     
worms 7called the oyster-worm17 half an 
inch long1 found in oysters1 which shine
 in the dark like glow-worms4 ,the      
sea-star1 cockles1 and muscles1 are the 
great enemies of the oyster4 ,the first 

gets within the shell when they gape1   
and sucks them out4  ,while the tide is 
flowing1 oysters lie with the hollow    
side downwards1 but when it ebbs they   
turn on the other side4#f      #f ,see  
,bishop ,spratt on ,oysters4  ,swarming 
of ,bees4  ,an interesting communication
 was read1 at a recent sitting of the   
,royal ,society1 from ,t4,a4 ,knight1   
,esq4 describing the precaution taken by
 a swarm of bees1 in reconnoitering the 
situation where they intend to establish
 their new colony1 or swarm from the    
parent hive4 ,the bees do not go out in 
a considerable body1 but they succeed   
each other in going and returning1 until
 the whole of the swarm have apparently 
made good the survey1 after which the   
whole body take their departure in a    
mass4 ,if by any chance a large portion 
of a swarm take their departure without 
the queen bee1 they never proceed to    
take up the ulterior quarters without   
her majesty's presence4 ,the result of  
,mr4 ,knight's observations tends to    

prove1 that all the operations of a     
swarm of bees are dictated by previous  
concert1 and the most systematic        
arrangement4         99       99        
99       99       99    ,,spirit ,,of   
,,the ,,public ,,journals   ,,ladder    
,,of ,,love4     ,men and women1--more  
or less1--   ,have minds o' the         
self-same metal1 mould1 and form6--     
,doth not the infant love to sport and  
laugh1   ,and tie a kettle to a puppy's 
tail8--   ,doth not the dimpled girl her
 'kerchief don   7,mocking her elder7   
mantilla wise--then speed   ,to mass and
 noontide visits2 where are bandied     
,smooth gossip-words of sugared         
compliment8   ,but when at budding      
womanhood arrived1   ,she casts aside   
all childish games1 nor thinks   ,of    
aught save some gay paranymph--who1     
caught   ,in love's stout meshes1       
flutters round the door1   ,and fondly  
beckons her away from home1--   ,the    
whilst1 her lady mother fain would cage 
,the foolish bird within its narrow     

cell6--   ,and then1 the grandame idly  
wastes her breath1   ,in venting saws   
'bout maiden modesty--   ,and strict    
decorum1--from some musty volume3   ,but
 the clipp'd wings will quickly sprout  
again2   ,and whilst the doating father 
thinks his child   ,a paragon of worth  
and bashfulness1--   ,her thoughts are  
hovering round the precious form   ,of  
her sweet furnace-breathing ,don        
,diego6--   ,and he1 all proof 'gainst  
dews and nightly blasts1   ,in          
breathless expectation waits to see     
,his panting ,rosa at the postern       
door2--   ,while she sighs forth ,my    
gentle cavalier6--   ,and then they     
straightway fall to kissing hands1      
,and antic-gestures--such as lovers     
use1--   ,expressive of their wish      
quickly to tie   ,the gordian knot of   
marriage2--,pretty creatures6--   ,but  
why not earlier to have thought of      
this8--   ,when he1 the innocent youth1 
was wont to play   ,at coscogilla2 and  
the prattling girl1   ,amid her nursery 

companions1 toiled   ,in sempstress     
labours for her wooden dolls4--   ,ah6  
wherefore1 did ,i ask8--,because        
forsooth1   ,their ways are changed with
 their increasing years6--   ,for when  
for gallantry the time be come--   ,and 
when the stagnant blood begins to boil  
,within the veins1 my master--then the  
lads   ,cast longing looks on           
damosels--for nature   ,defies          
restraint--and kin-birds flock          
together6--   ,and think not1 ,master1  
,chance disposes thus2   ,or were it so1
 then chance directs us all--           
,whene'er we have attain'd the important
 age6   ,i1 ------1 am a living         
instance6--   ,was ,i not once a lively 
laughing boy8   ,and1 in my stripling   
age1 did ,i not love   ,the pastimes    
suited to those madcap days8--   ,oh6   
would to heaven those times were present
 still6   ,but wherefore fret myself    
with hopes so vain8--   ,the silly      
thought doth find no shelter here1--    
,that any beauty1 with dark roguish     

eyes1   ,with sparkling blood1 and      
rising warmth of youth1   ,would e'er   
affect this wrinkled face of mine3--    
,the very thought doth smack of         
foolishness6--   ,and1 though the truth 
may be a bitter pill1   ,yet1--   ,it is
 most fitting that we know ourselves4   
,spanish ,comedy--,foreign ,review4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,a ,,hint ,,to ,,retiring ,,citizens4   
,ye ,cits who at ,white ,conduit ,house1
   ,hampstead or ,holloway carouse1     
,let no vain wish disturb ye2   ,for    
rural pleasures unexplored1   ,take     
those your ,sabbath strolls afford1     
,and prize your ,rus in urbe4    ,for   
many who from active trades   ,have     
plung'd into sequester'd shades1        
,will dismally assure ye1   ,that it's a
 harder task to bear   ,th' ennui       
produced by country air1     ,and sigh  
for ,urbs in rure4    ,the cub in prison
 born and fed1   ,the bird that in a    
cage was bred1     ,the hutch-engender'd
 rabbit1   ,are like the long-imprison'd

 ,cit1   ,for sudden liberty unfit1     
,degenerate by habit4    ,sir ,william  
,curtis1 were he mew'd   ,in some       
romantic solitude1     ,a bower of rose 
and myrtle1   ,would find the loving    
turtle dove   ,no succedaneum for his   
love     ,of ,london ,tavern turtle4    
,sir ,astley ,cooper1 cloy'd with       
wealth1   ,sick of luxurious ease and   
health1     ,and rural meditation1      
,sighs for his useful ,london life1     
,the restless night--the saw and knife  
,of daily amputation4    ,habit is      
second nature--when   ,it supersedes the
 first1 wise men     ,receive it as a   
warning1   ,that total change comes then
 too late1   ,and they must e'en        
assimilate     ,life's evening to its   
morning4    ,thrice happy he whose mind 
has sprung   ,from ,mammon's yoke while 
yet unwrung     ,or spoilt for nobler   
duty3--   ,who still can gaze on        
,nature's face   ,with all a lover's    
zeal1 and trace     ,in every change a  
beauty4    ,no tedium vitae round him   

lowers1   ,the charms of contrast wing  
his hours1     ,and every scene         
embellish3--   ,from prison1 ,city1 care
 set free1   ,he tastes his present     
liberty     ,with keener zest and       
relish4    ,new ,monthly ,mag4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,,the ,,gatherer4     ,a snapper up of  
unconsidered trifles4    ,,shakspeare4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,,accommodation ,,for ,,three           
,,halfpence4   ,a gentleman on a wet    
evening entered the bar of an inn1 and  
while standing before the fire1 called  
to a servant girl who had come to       
receive his orders1 ,margaret1 bring me 
a glass of ale1 a clean pipe1 a spitoon1
 a pair of snuffers1 and the newspaper4 
,and ,margaret1 take away my great coat1
 carry it into the kitchen1 and hang it 
before the fire to dry1 and dry my      
umbrella1 and tell me what o'clock it   
is2 and if ,mr4 ,huggins should come in1
 request him to come this way1 for ,i   
think 'tis near seven1 and he promised  

to meet me at that hour4 ,and ,margaret1
 get me change for a sovereign1 and see 
that all the change is good1 take for   
the glass of ale out of it1 and put the 
coppers in a piece of paper4 ,and       
,margaret1 tell ,jemima to bring some   
more coals1 take away the ashes1 and    
wipe the table4 ,and ,margaret1 pull    
down the blinds1 shut the door1 and     
put-to the window-shutters4--,n4,b4 ,the
 gentleman had his own tobacco4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,two ,,evils1 7,,extempore47     ,can  
man sustain a greater curse   ,than to  
possess an empty purse8   ,yes1 with    
abundance to be blest1   ,and not enjoy 
the pow'r to taste4  ,g4,k4         99  
99       99       99       99           
,,epigram1 ,,from ,,the ,,german4       
,if one has served thee1 tell the deed  
to many8   ,hast thou served many8--tell
 it not to any4  ,j4,l4,s4         99   
99       99       99       99   ,a      
,,gentleman4   ,to tell the reader      
exactly what class of persons was meant 

to be designated by the word gentleman1 
is a difficult task4 ,the last time we  
heard it1 was on visiting a stable to   
look at a horse1 when1 inquiring for the
 coachman1 his stable-keeper replied1   
,he has just stepped to the public-house
 along with another gentleman4  ,the    
following is the negro's definition of a
 gentleman3--,massa make de black man   
workee--make de horse workee--make de ox
 workee--make every ting workee1 only de
 hog3 he1 de hog1 no workee2 he eat1 he 
drink1 he walk about1 he go to sleep    
when he please1 he liff like a          
,,gentleman4         99       99        
99       99       99   ,,very ,,bad4    
,why are washer-women1 busily engaged1  
like ,adam and ,eve in ,paradise8       
,because they are so-apy 7so happy74    
,why is a widower1 going to be married1 
like ,eau de ,cologne8 ,because he is   
re-wiving4  ,why is a vine like a       
soldier8 ,because it is listed and      
trained1 has ten-drills1 and shoots4    
,why is a sailor1 when at sea1 not a    

sailor8 ,because he's a-board4  ,why is 
a city gentleman1 taken poorly in       
,grosvenor-square1 like a recluse8      
,because he is sick-westward            
7sequestered47  ,why is it better for a 
man to have two losses than one8        
,because the first is a loss1 and the   
second is a-gain4  ,if ,britannia rules 
the waves1 said a qualmish              
writing-master1 going to ,margate last  
week in a storm1 ,i wish she'd rule 'em 
straighter4-- ,lit4 ,gaz4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,printed 
and ,published by ,j4 ,,limbird1 #adc1  
,strand1 7near ,somerset ,house17       
,london2 sold by ,,ernest ,,fleischer1  
#fbf1 ,new ,market1 ,leipsic2 and by all
 ,newsmen and ,booksellers4