,,the ,,mirror ,,of ,,literature1 ,,amusement1 ,,and ,,instruction4 ,,vol4 ,,xii1 ,,no4 #ccf4 ,,saturday1 ,,october #ah1 #ahbh4 ,,price #b;d4 ,richmond ,palace ,illustration3 ,richmond ,palace ,richmond has comparatively but few antiquarian or poetical visiters1 notwithstanding all its associations with the ancient splendour of the ,english court1 and the hallowed names of ,pope and ,thomson4 ,maurice sings1 ,to thy sequester'd bow'rs and wooded height1 ,that ever yield my soul renew'd delight1 ,richmond1 ,i fly6 with all thy beauties fir'd1 ,by raptur'd poets sung1 by kings admir'd6 but ninety-nine out of a hundred who visit ,richmond1 thank the gods they are not poetical1 fly off to the ,star and ,garter hill1 and content themselves with the inspirations of its well-stored cellars4 ,all this corresponds with the turtle-feasting celebrity of the modern ,sheen2 but it ill accords with the antiquarian importance and resplendent scenery of this delightful country4 ,our engraving is from a very old drawing1 representing the palace at ,richmond1 as built by ,henry ,,vii4 ,the manor-house at ,sheen1 a little east of the bridge1 and close by the river side1 became a royal palace in the time of ,edward ,i41 for he and his successor resided here4 ,edward ,,iii4 died here in #acgg4 ,queen ,anne1 the consort of his successor1 died here in #acid4 ,deeply affected at her death1 he1 according to ,holinshed1 caused it to be thrown down and defaced2 whereas the former kings of this land1 being wearie of the citie1 used customarily thither to resort as to a place of pleasure1 and serving highly to their recreation4 ,henry ,v41 however1 restored the palace to its former magnificence2 and ,henry ,,vii4 held1 in #adib1 a grand tournament here4 ,in #adii1 it was almost consumed by fire1 when ,henry rebuilt the palace1 and gave it the name of ,,richmond4 ,cardinal ,wolsey frequently resided here2 and ,hall1 in his ,chronicles1 says1 that when the common people1 and especially such as had been servants of ,henry ,,vii41 saw the cardinal keep house in the manor royal at ,richmond1 which that monarch so highly esteemed1 it was a marvel to hear how they grudged1 saying1 'so a butcher's dogge doth lie in the manor of ,richmond6'#a ,queen ,elizabeth was prisoner at ,richmond during the reign of her sister ,mary2 after she came to the throne1 the palace was her favourite residence2 and here she died in #afjh4 ,charles ,i4 formed a large collection of pictures here2 and ,charles ,,ii4 was educated at ,richmond4 ,on the restoration1 the palace was in a very dismantled state1 and having1 during the commonwealth1 been plundered and defaced1 it never recovered its pristine splendour4 ,the survey taken by order of parliament in #afdi1 affords a minute description of the palace4 ,the great hall was one hundred feet in length1 and forty in breadth1 having a screen at the lower end1 over which was fayr foot space in the higher end thereof1 the pavement of square tile1 well lighted and seated2 at the north end having a turret1 or clock-case1 covered with lead1 which is a special ornament to this building4 ,the prince's lodgings are described as a freestone building1 three stories high1 with fourteen turrets covered with lead1 being a very graceful ornament to the whole house1 and perspicuous to the county round about4 ,a round tower is mentioned1 called the ,canted ,tower1 with a staircase of one hundred and twenty-four steps4 ,the chapel was ninety-six feet long and forty broad1 with cathedral-seats and pews4 ,adjoining the prince's garden was an open gallery1 two hundred feet long1 over which was a close gallery of similar length4 ,here was also a royal library4 ,three pipes supplied the palace with water1 one from the white conduit in the new park1 another from the conduit in the town fields1 and the third from a conduit near the alms-houses in ,richmond4 ,in #afej1 it was sold for #aj1jjjl4 to private persons4 ,all the accounts which have come down to us describe the furniture and decorations of the ,,ancient ,,palace as very superb1 exhibiting in gorgeous tapestry the deeds of kings and of heroes who had signalized themselves by their conquests throughout ,france in behalf of their country4 ,the site of ,richmond ,palace is now occupied by noble mansions2 but ,,an ,,old ,,archway1 seen from the ,green1 still remains as a melancholy memorial of its regal splendour4 #a ,mrs4 ,a4,t4 ,thomson1 in her ,memoirs of the ,court of ,henry the ,eighth1 says1 ,on the night of the ,epiphany 7#aeaj71 a pageant was introduced into the hall at ,richmond1 representing a hill studded with gold and precious stones1 and having on its summit a tree of gold1 from which hung roses and pomegranates4 ,from the declivity of the hill descended a lady richly attired1 who1 with the gentlemen1 or1 as they were then called1 children of honour1 danced a morris before the king4 ,on another occasion1 in the presence of the court1 an artificial forest was drawn in by a lion and an antelope1 the hides of which were richly embroidered with golden ornaments2 the animals were harnessed with chains of gold1 and on each sat a fair damsel in gay apparel4 ,in the midst of the forest1 which was thus introduced1 appeared a gilded tower1 at the end of which stood a youth1 holding in his hands a garland of roses1 as the prize of valour in a tournament which succeeded the pageant6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,epitome ,,of ,,comets4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,hast thou ne'er seen the ,comet's flaming flight8 ,,young4 ,comets1 according to ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 are compact1 solid1 fixed1 and durable bodies3 in one word1 a kind of planets1 which move in very oblique orbits1 every way1 with the greatest freedom1 persevering in their motions even against the course and direction of the planets2 and their tail is a very thin1 slender vapour1 emitted by the head1 or nucleus of the comet1 ignited or heated by the sun4 ,there are bearded1 tailed1 and hairy comets2 thus1 when the comet is eastward of the sun1 and moves from it1 it is said to be bearded1 because the light precedes it in the manner of a beard4 ,when the comet is westward of the sun1 and sets after it1 it is said to be tailed1 because the train follows it in the manner of a tail4 ,lastly1 when the comet and the sun are diametrically opposite 7the earth being between them7 the train is hid behind the body of the comet1 excepting a little that appears around it in the form of a border of hair1 or coma1 it is called hairy1 and whence the name of comet is derived4 ,for the conservation of the water and moisture of the planets1 comets 7says ,sir ,isaac ,newton7 seem absolutely requisite2 from whose condensed vapours and exhalations all that moisture which is spent on vegetations and putrefactions1 and turned into dry earth1 may be resupplied and recruited2 for all vegetables increase wholly from fluids1 and turn by putrefaction into earth4 ,hence the quantity of dry earth must continually increase1 and the moisture of the globe decrease1 and at last be quite evaporated1 if it have not a continual supply4 ,and ,i suspect 7adds ,sir ,isaac7 that the spirit which makes the finest1 subtilest1 and best part of our air1 and which is absolutely requisite for the life and being of all things1 comes principally from the comets4 ,another use which he conjectures comets may be designed to serve1 is that of recruiting the sun with fresh fuel1 and repairing the consumption of his light by the streams continually sent forth in every direction from that luminary-- ,from his huge vapouring train perhaps to shake ,reviving moisture on the numerous orbs1 ,thro' which his long ellipsis winds2 perhaps ,to lend new fuel to declining suns1 ,to light up worlds1 and feed th' ethereal fire4 ,,thomson4 ,newton has computed that the sun's heat in the comet of #afhj1b was1 to his heat with us at ,midsummer1 as twenty-eight thousand to one2 and that the heat of the body of the comet was near two thousand times as great as that of red-hot iron4 ,the same great author also calculates1 that a globe of red-hot iron1 of the dimensions of our earth1 would scarce be cool in fifty thousand years4 ,if then the comet be supposed to cool a hundred times as fast as red-hot iron1 yet1 since its heat was two thousand times greater1 supposing it of the bigness of the earth1 it would not be cool in a million of years4 ,an elegant writer in the ,guardian1 says1 ,i cannot forbear reflecting on the insignificance of human art1 when set in comparison with the designs of ,providence4 ,in pursuit of this thought1 ,i considered a comet1 or in the language of the vulgar1 a blazing star1 as a sky-rocket discharged by a hand that is ,almighty4 ,many of my readers saw that in the year #afhj1 and if they were not mathematicians1 will be amazed to hear1 that it travelled with a much greater degree of swiftness than a cannon ball1 and drew after it a tail of fire that was fourscore millions of miles in length4 ,what an amazing thought is it to consider this stupendous body traversing the immensity of the creation with such a rapidity2 and at the same time wheeling about in that line which the ,almighty had prescribed for it6 ,that it should move in such inconceivable fury and combustion1 and at the same time with such an exact regularity6 ,how spacious must the universe be1 that gives such bodies as these their full play1 without suffering the least disorder or confusion by it4 ,what a glorious show are those beings entertained with1 that can look into this great theatre of nature1 and see myriads of such tremendous objects wandering through those immeasurable depths of ether1 and running their appointed courses6 ,our eyes may hereafter be strong enough to command the magnificent prospect1 and our understandings able to find out the several uses of these great parts of the universe4 ,in the meantime1 they are very proper objects for our imagination to contemplate1 that we may form more extensive notions of infinite wisdom and power1 and learn to think humbly of ourselves1 and of all the little works of human invention4 ,seneca saw three comets1 and says1 ,i am not of the common opinion1 nor do ,i take a comet to be a sudden fire2 but esteem it among the eternal works of nature4 ,p4,t4,w4 #b ,the ,comet which appeared in #agei1 and which 7says ,lambert7 returned the quickest of any that we have an account of1 had a winter of seventy years4 ,its heat surpassed imagination4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sonnets4 ,,by ,,leigh ,,cliffe1 ,,author ,,of ,,parga1 ,,the ,,knights ,,of ,,ritzberg1 c4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,,to ,,the ,,sun4 ,hail to thee1 fountain of eternal light1 ,streaming with dewy radiance in the sky6 ,rising like some huge giant from the night1 ,while the dark shadows from thy presence fly4 ,enshrin'd in mantle of a varied dye1 ,thou hast been chambering in the topmost clouds1 ,list'ning to peeping1 glist'ning stars on high1 ,pillow'd upon their thin1 arial shrouds2 ,but when the breeze of dawn refreshfully ,swept the rude waters of the ocean flood1 ,and the dark pines breath'd from each leaf a sigh1 ,to wake the sylvan genius of the wood1 ,thou burst in glory on our dazzled sight1 ,in thy resplendent charms1 a flood of golden light6 ,,to ,,the ,,moon4 ,spirit of heaven6 shadow-mantled queen1 ,in mildest beauty peering in the sky1 ,radiant with light6 ',tis sweet to see thee lean1 ,as if to listen1 from cloud-worlds on high1 ,whilst murmuring nightingales voluptuously ,breathe their soft melody1 and dew-drops lie ,upon the myrtle blooms and oaken leaves1 ,and the winds sleep in sullen peacefulness6 ,oh6 it is then that gentle ,fancy weaves ,the vivid visions of the soul1 which bless ,the poet's mind1 and with sweet phantasies1 ,like grateful odours shed refreshfully ,from angels' wings of glistening beauty1 tries ,to waken pleasure1 and to stifle sighs6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,emblem ,,of ,,wales4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,it is supposed by some of the ,welsh1 and in some notes to a poem the author 7,mr4 ,p4 ,lewellyn7 says he has been confidently assured1 that the leek1 as is generally supposed to be1 is not the original emblem of ,wales1 but the sive1 or chive1 which is common to almost every peasant's garden4 ,it partakes of the smell and taste of the onion and leek1 but is not so noxious1 and is much handsomer than the latter4 ,it grows in a wild state on the banks of the ,wye1 infinitely larger than when planted in gardens4 ,according to the above-mentioned author1 the manner in which it became the national emblem of ,cambria was as follows3--,as a prince of ,wales was returning victorious from battle1 he wished to have some leaf or flower to commemorate the event2 but it being winter1 no plant or shrub was seen until they came to the ,wye1 when they beheld the sive1 which the prince commanded to be worn as a memorial of the victory4 ,tipton1 ,staffordshire4 ,w4,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,history ,,of ,,fairs4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,fairs1 among the old ,romans1 were holidays1 on which there was an intermission of labour and pleadings4 ,among the ,christians1 upon any extraordinary solemnity1 particularly the anniversary dedication of a church1 tradesmen were wont to bring and sell their wares even in the churchyards1 which continued especially upon the festivals of the dedication4 ,this custom was kept up till the reign of ,henry ,,vi4 ,thus we find a great many fairs kept at these festivals of dedications1 as at ,westminster on ,st4 ,peter's day1 at ,london on ,st4 ,bartholomew's1 ,durham on ,st4 ,cuthbert's day4 ,but the great numbers of people being often the occasion of riots and disturbances1 the privilege of holding a fair was granted by royal charter4 ,at first they were only allowed in towns and places of strength1 or where there was some bishop or governor of condition to keep them in order4 ,in process of time there were several circumstances of favour added1 people having the protection of a holiday1 and being allowed freedom from arrests1 upon the score of any difference not arising upon the spot4 ,they had likewise a jurisdiction allowed them to do justice to those that came thither2 and therefore the most inconsiderable fair with us has1 or had1 a court belonging to it1 which takes cognizance of all manner of causes and disorders growing and committed upon the place1 called pye powder1 or pedes pulverizati4 ,some fairs are free1 others charged with tolls and impositions4 ,at free fairs1 traders1 whether natives or foreigners1 are allowed to enter the kingdom1 and are under the royal protection in coming and returning4 ,they and their agents1 with their goods1 also their persons and goods1 are exempt from all duties and impositions1 tolls and servitudes2 and such merchants going to or coming from the fair cannot be arrested1 or their goods stopped4 ,the prince only has the power to establish fairs of any kind4 ,these fairs make a considerable article in the commerce of ,europe1 especially those of the ,mediterranean1 or inland parts1 as ,germany4 ,the most famous are those of ,frankfort and ,leipsic2 the fairs of ,novi1 in the ,milanese2 that of ,riga1 ,arch-angel of ,st4 ,germain1 at ,paris2 of ,lyons2 of ,guibray1 in ,normandy2 and of ,beauclaire1 in ,languedoc3 those of ,porto-,bello1 ,vera ,cruz1 and the ,havannah1 are the most considerable in ,america4 ,,halbert4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,virginal4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,a rare and beautiful relic of the olden time was lately presented to the museum of the ,northern ,institution1 by ,william ,mackintosh1 ,esq4 of ,milbank--an ancient virginal1 which was in use among our ancestors prior to the invention of the spinnet and harpsichord4 ,mary1 ,queen of ,scots1 who delighted in music1 in her moments of joyeusitie as ,john ,knox phrases it1 used to play finely on the virginal2 and her more fortunate rival1 ,queen ,elizabeth1 was so exquisite a performer on the same instrument1 that ,melville says1 on hearing her once play in her chamber1 he was irresistibly drawn into the room4 ,the virginal now deposited in the museum formerly belonged to a noble family in ,inverness1 and is considered to be the only one remaining in ,scotland4 ,it is made of oak1 inlaid with cedar1 and richly ornamented with gold4 ,the cover and sides are beautifully painted with figures of birds1 flowers1 and leaves1 the colours of which are still comparatively fresh and undecayed4 ,on one part of the lid is a grand procession of warriors1 whom a bevy of fair dames are propitiating by presents or offerings of wine and fruits4 ,altogether1 the virginal may be regarded as a fine specimen of art1 and is doubly interesting as a memorial of times long gone by4 ,w4,g4,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,herschel',s ,,telescope4 7,to the ,editor of the ,mirror47 ,your correspondent1 a ,constant ,reader1 in ,no4 #ccj of the ,,mirror1 is informed that the identical telescope which he mentions is now in the possession of ,mr4 ,j4 ,davies1 optician1 #aja1 ,high-street1 ,mary-le-bone1 where it may be seen in a finished and perfect state4 ,it is reckoned the best and most complete of its size in ,europe4 ,it was ordered to be made for his late majesty ,george ,,iii4 as a challenge against the late ,dr4 ,herschel's2 but was prevented from being completed till some time after4 ,the metals1 #i-a_/d inches in diameter1 having a diagonal eye-piece1 four eye tubes of different magnifying powers1 and three small specula of various radii1 were made by ,mr4 ,watson4 ,j4,d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ancient ,,roman ,,festivals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,october4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,the ,augustalia was a festival at ,rome1 in commemoration of the day on which ,augustus returned to ,rome1 after he had established peace over the different parts of the empire4 ,it was first established in the year of ,rome #gce4 ,the ,fontinalia1 or ,fontanalia1 was a religious feast1 held among the ,romans in honour of the deities who presided over fountains or springs4 ,varro observes1 that it was the custom to visit the wells on those days1 and to cast crowns into fountains4 ,this festival was observed on the #acth of ,october4 ,the ,armilustrum was a feast held on the #aith of ,october1 wherein they sacrificed1 armed at all points1 and with the sound of trumpets4 ,the sacrifice was intended for the expiation of the armies1 and the prosperity of the arms of the people of ,rome4 ,this feast may be considered as a kind of benediction of arms4 ,it was first observed among the ,athenians4 ,p4,t4,w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,anecdote ,,gallery4 ,,lord ,,byron ,,at ,,missolonghi4 ,the ,foreign ,quarterly ,review gives the following sketch as a pendant to ,mr4 ,pouqueville's picture of the poet1 given in a preceding page1 and requoted by us in the last ,no4 of the ,,mirror4 ,it is from a ,history of ,greece1 by ,rizo1 a ,wallachian sentimentalist of the first order1 and in enthusiasm and exuberance of style1 it will perhaps compare with any previous sketches of the late ,lord ,byron3 but the romantic interest which ,rizo has thrown about these more last words will doubtless render them acceptable to our readers4 ,for several years a man1 a poet1 excited the admiration of civilized people4 ,his sublime genius towered above the atmosphere1 and penetrated1 with a searching look1 even into the deepest abysses of the human heart4 ,envy1 which could not reach the poet1 attacked the man1 and wounded him cruelly2 but1 too great to defend1 and too generous to revenge himself1 he only sought for elevated impressions1 and vivoit de grand sensations1 7which we cannot translate71 capable of the most noble devotedness1 and1 persuaded that excellence is comprised in justice1 he embraced the cause of the ,greeks4 ,still young1 ,byron had traversed ,greece1 properly so called1 and described the moral picture of its inhabitants4 ,he quitted these countries1 pitying in his verses the misery of the ,greeks1 blaming their lethargy1 and despising their stupid submission2 so difficult is it to know a nation by a rapid glance4 ,what was the astonishment of the poet1 when some years later he saw these people1 whom he had thought unworthy to bear the name of ,greeks1 rise up with simultaneous eagerness1 and declare1 in the face of the world1 that they would again become a nation4 ,byron hesitated at first2 ancient prepossessions made him attribute this rupture to a partial convulsion1 the ultimate effort of a being ready to breathe the last sigh4 ,soon new prodigies1 brilliant exploits1 and heroic constancy1 which sustained itself in spite of every opposition1 proved to him that he had ill-judged this people1 and excited him to repair his error by the sacrifice of his fortune and life2 he wished to concur in the work of regeneration4 ,from the shores of the beautiful ,etruria he set sail for ,greece1 in the month of ,august1 #ahbc4 ,he visited at first the seven ,ionian ,isles1 where he sojourned some time1 busied in concluding the first ,greek loan4 ,the death of ,marco ,botzaris redoubled the enthusiasm of ,byron1 and perhaps determined him to prefer the town of ,missolonghi1 which already showed for its glory the tombs of ,normann1 ,kyriakoulis1 and ,botzaris4 ,alas6 that town was destined1 four months later1 to reckon another mausoleum6 ,towards the month of ,november a ,hydriote brig of war1 commanded by the nephew of the brave ,crizy1 sailed to ,cephalonia to take him on board1 and bring him to ,missolonghi2 but the ,septinsular government1 not permitting ships bearing a ,greek flag to come into its harbours1 ,byron was obliged to pass to ,zante in a small vessel1 and to join the ,greek brig afterwards1 which was waiting for him near ,zante4 ,hardly was ,byron on board when he kissed the mainmast1 calling it sacred wood4 ,the ship's crew astonished at this whimsical behaviour1 regarded him in silence2 suddenly ,byron turned towards the captain and the sailors1 whom he embraced with tears1 and said to them1 ,it is by this wood that you will consolidate your independence4 ,at these words the sailors1 moved with enthusiasm1 regarded him with admiration4 ,byron soon reached ,missolonghi3 the members of the ,administrative ,council received him at the head of two thousand soldiers drawn up in order4 ,the artillery of the place1 and the discharge of musquetry announced the happy arrival of this great man4 ,all the inhabitants ran to the shore1 and welcomed him with acclamations4 ,as soon as he had entered the town1 he went to the hotel of the ,administrative ,council1 where he was complimented by ,porphyrios1 ,archbishop of ,arta1 ,lepanto and ,etolia1 accompanied by all his clergy4 ,the first words of ,byron were1 ,where is the brother of the modern ,leonidas8 ,constantine ,botzaris1 a young man1 tall and well made1 immediately stepped forward1 and ,byron thus accosted him3--,happy mortal6 ,thou art the brother of a hero1 whose name will never be effaced in the lapse of ages6 ,then perceiving a great crowd assembled under the windows of the hotel1 he advanced towards the casement1 and said1 ,hellenes6 you see amongst you an ,englishman who has never ceased to study ,greece in her antiquity1 and to think of her in her modern state2 an ,englishman who has always invoked by his vows that liberty1 for which you are now making so many heroic efforts4 ,i am grateful for the sentiments which you testify towards me2 in a short time you will see me in the middle of your phalanxes1 to conquer or perish with you4 ,a month afterwards the government sent him a deputation1 charged to offer him a sword and the patent of ,greek citizenship2 at the same time the town of ,missolonghi inscribed him in its archives4 ,for this public act they prepared a solemn ceremony for him2 they fixed beforehand the day--they invited there by circular letters the inhabitants of the neighbouring districts--and more than twenty thousand persons arrived at ,missolonghi4 ,byron in a ,greek costume1 preceded and followed by all the military1 who loved him1 proceeded to the church1 where the ,archbishop ,porphyrios and the bishop of ,rogon1 ,joseph1 that martyr of religion and his country1 received him in the vestibule of the church1 clothed in their sacerdotal habits2 and1 after having celebrated mass1 they offered him the sword and the patent of citizenship4 ,byron demanded that the sword should be first dedicated on the tomb of ,marco ,botzaris2 and immediately the whole retinue1 and an immense crowd1 went out of the church to the tomb of that warrior1 which had been ornamented with beautiful marble at the expense of the poet4 ,the archbishop placed the sword upon this tomb1 and then ,byron1 to inspire the ,greeks with enthusiasm1 advanced with a religious silence1 and stopping all on a sudden1 he pronounced this discourse in the ,greek tongue3--,what man reposes buried under this stone8 ,what hollow voice issues from this tomb8 ,what is this sepulchre1 from whence will spring the happiness of ,greece8 ,but what am ,i saying8 ,is it not the tomb of ,marco ,botzaris1 who has been dead some months1 and who1 with a handful of brave men1 precipitated himself upon the numerous ranks of the most formidable enemies of ,greece8 ,how dare ,i approach the sacred place where he reposes--,i1 who neither possess his heroism nor his virtues8 ,however1 in touching this tomb1 ,i hope that its emanations will always inflame my heart with patriotism4 ,so saying1 and advancing towards the sepulchre1 he kissed it while shedding tears4 ,every spectator exclaimed1 ,lord ,byron for ever6 ,i see1 added his lordship1 the sword and the letter of citizenship1 which the government offers me2 from this day ,i am the fellow-citizen of this hero1 and of all the brave people who surround me4 ,hellenes6 ,i hope to live with you1 to fight the enemy with you1 and to die with you if it be necessary4 ,byron1 superior to vulgar prejudice1 saw in the manners of the pallikares an ingenuous simplicity1 a manly frankness and rustic procedure1 but full of honour2 he observed in the people a docility and constancy capable of the greatest efforts1 when it shall be conducted by skilful and virtuous men2 he observed amongst the ,greek women natural gaiety1 unstudied gentleness1 and religious resignation to misfortunes4 ,byron did not pretend to bend a whole people to his tastes and ,european habits4 ,he came not to censure with a stern look their costumes1 their dances1 and their music2 on the contrary1 he entered into their national dances1 he learned their warlike songs1 he dressed himself like them1 he spoke their language2 in a word1 he soon became a true ,roumeliote4 ,consequently1 he was adored by all ,western ,greece2 every captain acknowledged him with pleasure as his chief2 the proud ,souliots gloried in being under his immediate command4 ,the funds of the first loan being addressed to him1 and submitted to his inspection1 gave him influence1 not only over continental ,greece1 but even over the ,peloponnesus2 so that he was in a situation1 if not sufficient to stifle discord1 at least to keep it within bounds4 ,not having yet fathomed the character of all the chief people1 as well civil as military1 he was sometimes deceived in the beginning of his sojourn1 which a little hurt his popularity2 but being completely above trifling passions1 being able to strengthen by his union with it the party which appeared to him the most patriotic1 he might without any doubt1 with time and experience1 have played a part the most magnificent and salutary to ,greece4 ,at first he had constructed1 at his own expense1 a fort in the little isle of ,xclamisma1 the capture of which would have given great facilities to the enemies to attack by sea ,missolonghi or ,anatoliko4 ,missolonghi gave to this important fort the name of ,fort ,byron4 ,this nobleman conceived afterwards1 studied and prepared an expedition against the strong place of ,lepanto1 the capture of which would have produced consequences singularly favourable4 ,once in possession of the means of regularly paying the soldiers1 he would have been able to form a choice body1 and take the town1 which did not present any difficulty of attack1 either on account of the few troops shut up there1 or the weakness of its fortifications4 ,byron only waited the arrival of the loan1 to begin his march4 ,thus he led an agreeable life in the midst of a nation which he aimed at saving4 ,enchanted with the bravery of the ,souliots1 and their manners1 which recalled to him the simplicity of ,homeric times1 he assisted at their banquets1 extended upon the turf2 he learnt their pyrrhic dance1 and he sang in unison the airs of ,riga1 harmonizing his steps to the sound of their national mandolin4 ,alas6 he carried too far his benevolent condescension4 ,towards the beginning of ,april he went to hunt in the marshes of ,missolonghi4 ,he entered on foot in the shallows2 he came out quite wet1 and1 following the example of the pallikares accustomed to the malaria1 he would not change his clothes1 and persisted in having them dried upon his body4 ,attacked with an inflammation upon the lungs1 he refused to let himself be bled1 notwithstanding the intreaties of his physician1 of ,maurocordato and all his friends4 ,his malady quickly grew worse2 on the fourth day ,byron became delirious2 by means of bleeding he recovered from his drowsiness1 but without being able to speak2 then1 feeling his end approaching1 he gave his attendants to understand that he wished to take leave of the captains and all the ,souliots4 ,as each approached1 ,byron made a sign to them to kiss him4 ,at last he expired in the arms of ,maurocordato1 whilst pronouncing the names of his daughter and of ,greece4 ,his death was fatal to the nation1 which it plunged in mourning and tears4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,manners ,,customs ,,of ,,all ,,nations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ceremonies ,,relating ,,to ,,the ,,hair4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,among the ancient ,greeks1 all dead persons were thought to be under the jurisdiction of the infernal deities1 and therefore no man 7says ,potter7 could resign his life1 till some of his hairs were cut to consecrate to them4 ,during the ceremony of laying out1 clothing the dead1 and sometimes the interment itself1 the hair of the deceased person was hung upon the door1 to signify the family was in mourning4 ,it was sometimes laid upon the dead body1 sometimes cast into the funeral pile1 and sometimes placed upon the grave4 ,electra in ,sophocles says1 that ,agamemnon had commanded her and ,chrysothemis to pay him this honour3-- ,with drink-off'rings and locks of hair we must1 ,according to his will1 his tomb adorn4 ,candace in ,ovid bewails her calamity1 in that she was not permitted to adorn her lover's tomb with her locks4 ,at ,patroclus's funeral1 the ,grecians1 to show their affection and respect to him1 covered his body with their hair2 ,achilles cast it into the funeral pile4 ,the custom of nourishing the hair on religious accounts seems to have prevailed in most nations4 ,osiris1 the ,egyptian1 consecrated his hair to the gods1 as we learn from ,diodorus2 and in ,arian's account of ,india1 it appears it was a custom there to preserve their hair for some god1 which they first learnt 7as that author reports7 from ,bacchus4 ,the ,greeks and ,romans wore false hair4 ,it was esteemed a peculiar honour among the ancient ,gauls to have long hair4 ,for this reason ,julius ,caesar1 upon subduing the ,gauls1 made them cut off their hair1 as a token of submission4 ,in the royal family of ,france1 it was a long time the peculiar mark and privilege of kings and princes of the blood to wear long hair1 artfully dressed and curled2 every body else being obliged to be polled1 or cut round1 in sign of inferiority and obedience4 ,in the eighth century1 it was the custom of people of quality to have their children's hair cut the first time by persons they had a particular honour and esteem for1 who1 in virtue of this ceremony1 were reputed a sort of spiritual parents or godfathers to them4 ,in the year #ajif1 there was a canon1 importing1 that such as wore long hair should be excluded coming into church when living1 and not be prayed for when dead4 ,charlemagne wore his hair very short1 his son shorter2 ,charles the ,bald had none at all4 ,under ,hugh ,capet it began to appear again2 this the ecclesiastics were displeased with1 and excommunicated all who let their hair grow4 ,peter ,lombard expostulated the matter so warmly with ,charles the ,young1 that he cut off his own hair2 and his successors1 for some generations1 wore it very short4 ,a professor of ,utrecht1 in #afej1 wrote expressly on the question1 ,whether it be lawful for men to wear long hair8 and concluded for the negative4 ,another divine1 named ,reeves1 who had written for the affirmative1 replied to him4 ,in ,new ,england a declaration was inscribed in the register of the colony against the practice of wearing long hair1 which was principally levelled at the ,quakers1 with unjust severity4 ,p4,t4,w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pagoda in ,kew ,gardens4 ,illustration3 ,pagoda in ,kew ,gardens4 ,in one of the wildernesses of ,kew ,gardens stands the ,great ,pagoda1 erected in the year #agfb1 from a design in imitation of the ,chinese ,taa4 ,the base is a regular octagon1 #di feet in diameter2 and the superstructure is likewise a regular octagon on its plan1 and in its elevation composed of #aj prisms1 which form the #aj different stories of the building4 ,the lowest of these is #bf feet in diameter1 exclusive of the portico which surrounds it1 and #ah feet high2 the second is #be feet in diameter1 and #ag feet high2 and all the rest diminish in diameter and height1 in the same arithmetical proportion1 to the ninth story1 which is #ah feet in diameter and #aj feet high4 ,the tenth story is #ag feet in diameter1 and1 with the covering1 #bj feet high1 and the finishing on the top is #ag feet high2 so that the whole structure1 from the base to the top of the fleuron1 is #afc feet4 ,each story finishes with a projecting roof1 after the ,chinese manner1 covered with plates of varnished iron of different colours1 and round each of them is a gallery enclosed with a rail4 ,all the angles of the roof are adorned with large dragons1 eighty in number1 covered with a kind of thin glass of various colours1 which produces a most dazzling reflection2 and the whole ornament at the top is double gilt4 ,the walls of the building are composed of very hard bricks2 the outside of well-coloured and well-matched greystocks1 7bricks17 neatly laid4 ,the staircase is in the centre of the building4 ,the prospect opens as you advance in height2 and from the top you command a very extensive view on all sides1 and1 in some directions1 upwards of forty miles distant1 over a rich and variegated country4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fine ,,arts 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,haydon',s ,,picture ,,of ,,chairing ,,the ,,members4 ,in our last volume we were induced to appropriate nearly six of our columns to a description of ,mr4 ,haydon's ,picture of the ,mock ,election in the ,king's ,bench ,prison--or rather the first of a series of pictures to illustrate the ,election1 the subject of the present notice being the ,second1 or the ,chairing of the ,members1 which was intended for the concluding scene of the burlesque4 ,it will1 therefore1 be unnecessary for us here to give any additional explanation of the real life of these paintings1 except so far as may be necessary to the explanation of the present picture4 ,the ,chairing was acted on a water butt one evening1 but was to have been again performed in more magnificent costume the next day2 just1 however1 as all the actors in this eccentric masquerade1 ,high ,sheriff1 ,lord ,mayor1 ,head ,constable1 ,assessor1 ,poll ,clerks1 and ,members1 were ready dressed1 and preparing to start1 the marshal interfered1 stopped the procession1 and1 after some parley1 was advised to send for the guards4 ,about the middle of a sunny day1 says ,mr4 ,haydon1 when all was quiet1 save the occasional cracking of a racket ball1 while some were reading1 some smoking1 some lounging1 some talking1 some occupied with their own sorrows1 and some with the sorrows of their friends1 in rushed six fine grenadiers with a noble fellow of a sergeant at their head1 with bayonets fixed1 and several rounds of ball in their cartouches1 expecting to meet 7by their looks7 with the most desperate resistance4 ,the materials thus afforded me by the entrance of the guards1 ,i have combined in one moment2 or ,i have combined in one moment what happened at different moments2 the characters and soldiers are all portraits4 ,i have only used the poets and painters' license1 to make out the second part of the story1 a part that happens in all elections1 viz4 the chairing of the successful candidates4 ,in the corner of the picture1 on the left of the spectator1 are three of the guards1 drawn up across the door1 standing at ease1 with all the self-command of soldiers in such situations1 hardly suppressing a laugh at the ridiculous attempts made to oppose them2 in front of the guards1 is the commander of the enemy's forces2 viz4--a little boy with a tin sword1 on regular guard position1 ready to receive and oppose them1 with a banner of ',freedom of ,election1' hanging on his sabre2 behind him stands the ,lord ,high ,sheriff1 affecting to charge the soldiers with his mopstick and pottle4 ,he is dressed in a magnificent suit of decayed splendour1 with an old court sword1 loose silk stockings1 white shoes1 and unbuckled knee-bands2 his shoulders are adorned with white bows1 and curtain rings for a chain1 hung by a blue ribbon from his neck4 ,next to him1 adorned with a blanket1 is a character of voluptuous gaiety1 helmeted by a saucepan1 holding up the cover for a shield1 and a bottle for a weapon4 ,then comes the ,fool1 making grimaces with his painted cheeks1 and bending his fists at the military2 while the ,lord ,mayor with his white wand1 is placing his hand on his heart with mock gravity and wounded indignation at this violation of ,magna ,charta and civil rights4 ,behind him are different characters1 with a porter pot for a standard1 and a watchman's rattle2 while in the extreme distance1 behind the rattle1 and under the wall1 is a ragged ,orator addressing the burgesses on this violation of the privileges of ,election4 ,right over the figure with a saucepan1 is a ,turnkey1 holding up a key and pulling down the celebrated ,meredith2 who1 quite serious1 and believing he will really sit in the ,house1 is endeavouring to strike the turnkey with a champagne glass4 ,the gallant member is on the shoulders of two men1 who are peeping out and quizzing4 ,close to ,meredith is his fellow ,member1 dressed in a ,spanish hat and feather1 addressing the ,sergeant opposite him1 with an arch look1 on the illegality of his entrance at elections1 while a turnkey has taken hold of the member's robe1 and is pulling him off the water butt with violence4 ,the sergeant1 a fine soldier1 one of the heroes of ,waterloo1 is smiling and amused1 while a grenadier1 one of the other three under arms1 is looking at his sergeant for orders4 ,in the corner1 directly under the sergeant1 is a dissipated young man1 addicted to hunting and sports1 without adequate means for the enjoyment1 attended by his distressed family4 ,he1 half intoxicated1 has just drawn a cork1 and is addressing the bottle1 his only comfort1 while his daughter is delicately putting it aside and looking with entreaty at her father4 ,the harassed wife is putting back the daughter1 unwilling to deprive the man she loves1 of what1 though a baneful consolation1 is still one2 while the little1 shoeless boy with his hoop1 is regarding his father with that strange wonder1 with which children look at the unaccountable alteration in features and expression1 that takes place under the effects of intoxication4 ,three pawnbroker's duplicates1 one for the child's shoes1 #as4 #f;d41 one for the wedding ring1 #es41 and one for the wife's necklace1 #gl41 lie at the feet of the father1 with the ,sporting ,magazine2 for drunkards generally part with the ornaments or even necessaries of their wives and children before they trespass on their own4 ,at the opposite corner lies curled up the ,head ,constable1 hid away under his bed-curtain1 which he had for a robe1 and slyly looking1 as if he hoped nobody would betray him4 ,by his side is placed a table1 with the relics of a luxurious enjoyment1 while a washing tub as a wine cooler1 contains1 under the table1 ,hock1 ,champagne1 ,burgundy1 and a ,pine4 ,directly over the sergeant1 on the wall1 are written1 ',the ,majesti of the ,peepel for ever--huzza6'--',no military at ,elections6' and ',no ,marshal6'--on the standards to the left1 are ',confusion to ,credit1 and no fraudulent ,creditors4' ,in the window are a party with a lady smoking a hookah2 on the ledge of the window1 ,success to the detaining ,creditor6 --,at the opposite window is a portrait of the ,painter1 looking down on the extraordinary scene with great interest--underneath him is1 ',sperat infestis4' ,on a board under the lady smoking1 is written the order of the ,lord ,mayor1 enjoining ,peace1 as follows3-- ,banco ,regis1 ,court ,house1 ,july #af1 ,in the ,sixth year of the ,reign of ,,george ,,iv4 ,peremptorily ordered-- ,that the ,special ,constables and ,headboroughs of this ancient ,bailwick do take into custody all ,persons found in any way committing a breach of the ,peace1 during the ,procession of ,chairing the ,members returned to represent this ,borough4 ,,sir ,,robert ,,birch1 7,collegian7 ,lord ,mayor4 ',a ,new ,way to pay ,old ,debts1'--is written over the first turnkey2 and below it1 ',n4,b4 ,a very old way1 discovered #ccid years ,b4,c42' and in the extreme distance1 over a shop1 is--',dealer in every thing genuine4' ,while the man beating the long drum1 at the opposite end1 another the cymbals1 and the third blowing a trumpet1 with the windows all crowded with spectators1 complete the composition1 with the exception of the melancholy victim behind the ,high ,sheriff4 ,i recommend the contemplation of this miserable creature1 once a gentleman1 to all advocates of imprisonment for debt4 ,first rendered reckless by imprisonment--then hopeless--then sottish--and1 last of all1 from utter despair of freedom1 insane6 ,round his withered temples is a blue ribbon1 with ',dulce est pro ,patri mori1' 7it is sweet to die for one's country72 for he is baring his breast to rush on the bayonets of the guards1 a willing sacrifice1 as he believes1 poor fellow1 for a great public principle4 ,in his pocket he has three pamphlets1 ',on ,water ,drinking1 or ,the ,blessings of ,imprisonment for ,debt1'--and ,adam ,smith's ',moral ,essays4'--,ruffles hang from his wrists1 the relics of former days1 rags cover his feeble legs1 one foot is naked1 and his appearance is that of a decaying being1 mind and body4 ,such is ,mr4 ,haydon's ,explanation of his own ,picture2 and it only remains for us to give the reader some idea of its most prominent beauties4 ,as a whole1 it is very superior to the ,election1 highly as we were disposed to rate the merits of that performance4 ,the style is masterly throughout1 and every shade of the colouring has all the depth and richness which characterize works of real genius4 ,there is a spirit in every touch which differs as much from the softened and soulless compositions of certain modern artists1 as does the florid architecture of the ancients from the starved proportions of these days1 or the rich and graceful style of the ,essayists from the fabrications of little1 self-conceited biographers4 ,in short1 the whole scene is dashed off in the first style of art2 the subject and humour are all over ,english--true to nature1 and so forcible as to seize on the attention of the most listless beholder4 ,we must notice a few of the details4 ,the three guards are foremost in the picture1 and in merit2 the struggle in their countenances between discipline and a sense of the ludicrous scene before them is admirably represented2 as well as the little urchin with his tin sword4 ,the centre figure of the ,high ,sheriff1 with his tattered and faded finery of office1 is equally clever2 but the skill with which the artist has contrived to express his forced mirth1 and mopstick bravado1 is still more forcible4 ,the troubled countenance of the ,lord ,mayor is an excellent portrait of the indignation of little authority when perturbed by men of greater place4 ,the faces of the turnkey and the sergeant are likewise admirable2 and that of the soldier looking towards the latter for orders1 is like an excellent piece of byplay in the farce4 ,the drunken patriot1 behind the ,high ,sheriff1 is well entitled to the attention which the artist1 in his explanation1 suggests2 but the spectator must not dwell too long on this sorrowful wreck of fallen nature4 ,the group in the foreground of the right hand corner1 is an episode which must not be omitted1 for it corresponds with the fine portrait in the same situation in the ,election picture4 ,the reckless dissipation of the fine1 young fox-hunter1 the half intoxicated chuckle with which he holds the bottle1 the grief of his daughter and wife1 and the little shoeless boy with his hoop1 are finely contrasted with the rich humour and extravagant burlesque of all around them4 ,the slyness of the ,head ,constable1 in the left hand corner1 half smothered in his mock robes1 is expressively told2 and the painter is a capital likeness4 ,from the success of ,mr4 ,haydon in the particular line of art requisite for scenes of real humour1 it is not unlikely that his execution of the first picture1 the ,election may prove one of the most fortunate events in his professional career1 and turn out to be one of the sweet uses of adversity1 by eliciting talent which he probably did not believe himself to possess4 ,much as we admire this style of art1 we can but deplore that purchasers cannot be found for such pictures as his ,entry into ,jerusalem1 and ,judgment of ,solomon1 both which1 with two others1 are exhibited in the room with the ,chairing of the ,members4 ,out of the scores of new churches which are yearly completed1 surely some altar-pieces might be introduced with propriety2 and when we consider the peculiar influence which such scenes as those chosen by ,mr4 ,haydon are known to possess over the human heart1 we do not think their entire exclusion from modern churches contributes to their devotional character4 ,such pictures are intended for better purposes than mere seclusion in large galleries and mansions1 of which there are but comparatively few in ,england2 and it is always with regret that we see these noble efforts of art in such profitless situations4 ,occasionally a nobleman1 or parochial taste1 introduces a valuable painted window1 and sometimes an altarpiece into a church2 but we wish the practice were more general4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,retrospective ,,gleanings 99 99 99 99 99 ,,england ,,in ,,the ,,days ,,of ,,good ,,queen ,,bess4 ,the misery and mendicity which prevailed in this country before the provisions of the poor laws in the time of ,elizabeth became duly enforced1 might be proved by the following extract from a curious old pamphlet1 which describes1 in very forcible language1 the poverty and idleness which prevailed in one of the fairest and most fertile districts of the kingdom1 viz4-- ,the ,golden ,vale in ,herefordshire1 7being ye pride of al that country17 being the richest yet 7for want of employment7 the plentifullest place of poore in the kingdom--yielding two or three hundred folde2 the number so increasing 7idleness having gotten the upper hand27 if trades bee not raised--beggery will carry such reputation in my quarter of the country1 as if it had the whole to halves4 ,there bee1 says this author1 within a mile and a halfe from my house every waye1 five hundred poore habitations2 whose greatest meanes consist in spinning flaxe1 hemp1 and hurdes4 ,they dispose the seasons of the yeare in this manner2 ,i will begin with ,may1 ,june1 and ,july1 7three of the merriest months for beggers17 which yield the best increase for their purpose1 to raise multitudes3 whey1 curdes1 butter-milk1 and such belly provision1 abounding in the neighbourhood1 serves their turne4 ,as wountes or moles hunt after wormes1 the ground being dewable1 so these idelers live intolerablie by other meanes1 and neglect their painfull labours by oppressing the neighbourhood4 ,august1 ,september1 and ,october1 with that permission which the ,lord hath allowed the poorer sorte to gather the eares of corne1 they do much harme4 ,i have seen three hundred leazers or gleaners in one gentleman's corn-field at once2 his servants gathering and stouking the bound sheaves1 the sheaves lying on the ground like dead carcases in an overthrown battell1 they following the spoyle1 not like souldiers 7which scorne to rifle7 but like theeves desirous to steale2 so this army holdes pillaging1 wheate1 rye1 barly1 pease1 and oates2 oates1 a graine which never grew in ,canaan1 nor ,a,egypt1 and altogether out of the allowance of leazing4 ,under colour of the last graine1 oates1 it being the latest harvest1 they doe 7without mercy in hotte bloud7 steale1 robbe orchards1 gardens1 hop-yards1 and crab trees2 so what with leazing and stealing1 they doe poorly maintaine themselves ,november1 ,december1 and almost all ,january1 with some healpes from the neighbourhood4 ,the last three moneths1 ,february1 ,march1 and ,aprill1 little labour serves their turne1 they hope by the heat of the sunne1 7seasoning themselves1 like snakes1 under headges17 to recover the month of ,may with much poverty1 long fasting1 and little praying2 and so make an end of their yeares travel in the ,easter holy days4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,beggars4 ,in the earlier periods of their history1 both in ,england and ,scotland1 beggars were generally of such a description as to entitle them to the epithet of sturdy2 accordingly they appear to have been regarded often as impostors and always as nuisances and pests4 ,sornares1 so violently denounced in those acts1 were what are here called masterful beggars1 who1 when they could not obtain what they asked for by fair means1 seldom hesitated to take it by violence4 ,the term is said to be ,gaelic1 and to import a soldier4 ,the life of such a beggar is well described in the ,belman of ,london1 printed in #afjh--,the life of a beggar is the life of a souldier4 ,he suffers hunger and cold in winter1 and heate and thirste in summer2 he goes lowsie1 he goes lame2 he is not regarded2 he is not rewarded2 here only shines his glorie4 ,the whole kingdome is but his walk2 a whole cittie is but his parish4 ,in every man's kitchen is his meate dressed2 in every man's sellar lyes his beere2 and the best men's purses keepe a penny for him to spend4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,curious ,,manorial ,,custom4 ,at ,king's ,hill1 about half a mile north-east of ,rocford ,church1 ,essex1 is held what is called the ,lawless ,court1 a whimsical custom1 the origin of which is not known4 ,on the ,wednesday morning next after ,michaelmas day1 the tenants are bound to attend upon the first cock-crowing1 and to kneel and do their homage1 without any kind of light1 but such as heaven will afford4 ,the steward of the court calls all such as are bound to appear1 with as low a voice as possible1 giving no notice when he goes to execute his office2 however1 he that does not give an answer is deeply amerced4 ,they are all to whisper to each other1 nor have they any pen and ink1 but supply that deficiency with a coal2 and he that owes suit and service1 and appears not1 forfeits to the lord of the manor double his rent every hour he is absent4 ,a tenant1 some years ago1 forfeited his land for non attendance1 but was restored to it1 the lord taking only a fine4 ,,halbert ,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spirit ,,of ,,the ,,public ,,journals 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,pet ,,dog4 ,dogs1 when they are sure of having their own way1 have sometimes ways as odd as those of the unfurred1 unfeathered animals1 who walk on two legs1 and talk1 and are called rational4 ,my beautiful1 white greyhound1 ,mayflower1 for instance1 is as whimsical as the finest lady in the land4 ,amongst her other fancies1 she has taken a violent affection for a most hideous stray dog1 who made his appearance here about six months ago1 and contrived to pick up a living in the village1 one can hardly tell how4 ,now appealing to the charity of old ,rachael ,strong1 the laundress--a dog-lover by profession2 now winning a meal from the light-footed and open-hearted lasses at the ,rose2 now standing on his hind-legs to extort1 by sheer beggary1 a scanty morsel from some pair of drowthy cronies1 or solitary drover1 discussing his dinner or supper on the alehouse-bench2 now catching a mouthful1 flung to him in pure contempt by some scornful gentleman of the shoulder-knot1 mounted on his throne1 the coach-box1 whose notice he had attracted by dint of ugliness2 now sharing the commons of ,master ,keep the shoemaker's pigs2 now succeeding to the reversion of the well-gnawed bone of ,master ,brow the shopkeeper's fierce house-dog2 now filching the skim-milk of ,dame ,wheeler's cat3--spit at by the cat2 worried by the mastiff2 chased by the pigs2 screamed at by the dame2 stormed at by the shoemaker2 flogged by the shopkeeper2 teased by all the children1 and scouted by all the animals of the parish2--but yet living through his griefs1 and bearing them patiently1 for sufferance is the badge of all his tribe2--and even seeming to find1 in an occasional full meal1 or a gleam of sunshine1 or a whisp of dry straw1 on which to repose his sorry carcass1 some comfort in his disconsolate condition4 ,in this plight was he found by ,may1 the most high-blooded and aristocratic of greyhounds2 and from this plight did ,may rescue him2-- invited him into her territory1 the stable2 resisted all attempts to turn him out2 reinstated him there1 in spite of maid1 and boy1 and mistress1 and master2 wore out every body's opposition1 by the activity of her protection1 and the pertinacity of her self-will2 made him sharer of her bed and her mess2 and1 finally1 established him as one of the family as firmly as herself4 ,dash--for he has even won himself a name amongst us1 before he was anonymous--,dash is a sort of a kind of a spaniel2 at least there is in his mongrel composition some sign of that beautiful race4 ,besides his ugliness1 which is of the worst sort--that is to say1 the shabbiest--he has a limp on one leg that gives a peculiarly one-sided awkwardness to his gait2 but1 independently of his great merit in being ,may's pet1 he has other merits which serve to account for that phenomenon--being1 beyond all comparison the most faithful1 attached1 and affectionate animal that ,i have ever known2 and that is saying much4 ,he seems to think it necessary to atone for his ugliness by extra good conduct1 and does so dance on his lame leg1 and so wag his scrubby tail1 that it does any one1 who has a taste for happiness1 good to look at him--so that he may now be said to stand on his own footing4 ,we are all rather ashamed of him when strangers come in the way1 and think it necessary to explain that he is ,may's pet2 but amongst ourselves1 and those who are used to his appearance1 he has reached the point of favouritism in his own person4 ,i have1 in common with wiser women1 the feminine weakness of loving whatever loves me--and1 therefore1 like ,dash4 ,his master has found out that ,dash is a capital finder1 and1 in spite of his lameness1 will hunt a field1 or beat a cover with any spaniel in ,england--and1 therefore1 he likes ,dash4 ,the boy has fought a battle1 in defence of his beauty1 with another boy1 bigger than himself1 and beat his opponent most handsomely-- and1 therefore1 he likes ,dash2 and the maids like him1 or pretend to like him1 because we do--as is the fashion of that pliant and imitative class4 ,and now ,dash and ,may follow us every where1 and are going with us now to the ,shaw1 or rather to the cottage by the ,shaw1 to bespeak milk and butter of our little dairy-woman1 ,hannah ,bint--a housewifely occupation1 to which we owe some of our pleasantest rambles--,miss ,mitford4--,month4 ,mag4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,the ,,romaic4 ,when we were last1 my gentle ,maid1 ,in love's embraces twining1 ',twas ,night1 who saw1 and then betray'd6 ,who saw8 ,yon ,moon was shining4 ,a gossip ,star shot down1 and he ,first told our secret to the ,sea4 ,the ,sea1 who never secret kept1 ,the peevish1 blustering railer6 ,told it the ,oar1 as on he swept2 ,the ,oar informed the ,sailor4 ,the ,sailor whisper'd it to his fair1 ,and she--she told it every where6 ,new ,monthly ,magazine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notes ,,of ,a ,,reader4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,eels4 ,the problem of the generation of eels is one of the most abstruse and curious in natural history2 but we have been much pleased1 and not a little enlightened1 by some observations on the subject in ,sir ,humphrey ,davy's delightful little volume1 ,salmonia1 of which the following is the substance3-- ,although the generation of eels occupied the attention of ,aristotle1 and has been taken up by the most distinguished naturalists since his time1 it is still unsolved4 ,lacepde1 the ,french naturalist1 asserts1 in the most unqualified way1 that they are viviparous2 but we do not remember any facts brought forward on the subject4 ,sir ,humphrey then goes on to say--,this is certain1 that there are two migrations of eels--one up and one down rivers1 one from and the other to the sea2 the first in spring and summer1 the second in autumn or early winter4 ,the first of very small eels1 which are sometimes not more than two or two and a half inches long2 the second of large eels1 which sometimes are three or four feet long1 and which weigh from #aj to #ae1 or even #bj lbs4 ,there is great reason to believe that all eels found in fresh water are the results of the first migration2 they appear in millions in ,april and ,may1 and sometimes continue to rise as late even as ,july and the beginning of ,august4 ,i remember this was the case in ,ireland in #ahbc4 ,it had been a cold1 backward summer2 and when ,i was at ,ballyshannon1 about the end of ,july1 the mouth of the river1 which had been in flood all this month1 under the fall1 was blackened by millions of little eels1 about as long as the finger1 which were constantly urging their way up the moist rocks by the side of the fall4 ,thousands died1 but their bodies remaining moist1 served as the ladder for others to make their way2 and ,i saw some ascending even perpendicular stones1 making their road through wet moss1 or adhering to some eels that had died in the attempt4 ,such is the energy of these little animals1 that they continue to find their way1 in immense numbers1 to ,loch ,erne4 ,the same thing happens at the fall of the ,bann1 and ,loch ,neagh is thus peopled by them2 even the mighty ,fall of ,shaffausen does not prevent them from making their way to the ,lake of ,constance1 where ,i have seen many very large eels4 ,there are eels in the ,lake of ,neufchatel1 which communicates by a stream with the ,rhine2 but there are none in the ,lake of ,geneva1 because the ,rhone makes a subterraneous fall below ,geneva2 and though small eels can pass by moss or mount rocks1 they cannot penetrate limestone rocks1 or move against a rapid descending current of water1 passing1 as it were1 through a pipe4 ,again3 no eels mount the ,danube from the ,black ,sea2 and there are none found in the great extent of lakes1 swamps1 and rivers communicating with the ,danube--though some of these lakes and morasses are wonderfully fitted for them1 and though they are found abundantly in the same countries1 in lakes and rivers connected with the ocean and the ,mediterranean4 ,yet1 when brought into confined water in the ,danube1 they fatten and thrive there4 ,as to the instinct which leads young eels to seek fresh water1 it is difficult to reason2 probably they prefer warmth1 and1 swimming at the surface in the early summer1 find the lighter water warmer1 and likewise containing more insects1 and so pursue the courses of fresh water1 as the waters from the land1 at this season1 become warmer than those from the sea4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,couch1 in the ,linnaean ,transactions1 says the little eels1 according to his observation1 are produced within reach of the tide1 and climb round falls to reach fresh water from the sea4 ,i have sometimes seen them in spring1 swimming in immense shoals in the ,atlantic1 in ,mount ,bay1 making their way to the mouths of small brooks and rivers4 ,when the cold water from the autumnal flood begins to swell the rivers1 this fish tries to return to the sea2 but numbers of the smaller ones hide themselves during the winter in the mud1 and many of them form1 as it were1 masses together4 ,various authors have recorded the migration of eels in a singular way2 such as ,dr4 ,plot1 who1 in his ,history of ,staffordshire1 says they pass in the night across meadows from one pond to another2 and ,mr4 ,arderon1 in the ,philosophical ,transactions1 gives a distinct account of small eels rising up the flood-gates and posts of the water-works of the city of ,norwich2 and they made their way to the water above1 though the boards were smooth planed1 and five or six feet perpendicular4 ,he says1 when they first rose out of the water upon the dry board1 they rested a little--which seemed to be till their slime was thrown out1 and sufficiently glutinous--and then they rose up the perpendicular ascent with the same facility as if they had been moving on a plane surface4--,there can1 ,i think1 be no doubt that they are assisted by their small scales1 which1 placed like those of serpents1 must facilitate their progressive motion2 these scales have been microscopically observed by ,lewenhoeck4 ,eels migrate from the salt water of different sizes1 but ,i believe never when they are above a foot long--and the great mass of them are only from two and a half to four inches4 ,they feed1 grow1 and fatten in fresh water4 ,in small rivers they seldom become very large2 but in large1 deep lakes they become as thick as a man's arm1 or even leg2 and all those of a considerable size attempt to return to the sea in ,october or ,november1 probably when they experience the cold of the first autumnal rains4 ,those that are not of the largest size1 as ,i said before1 pass the winter in the deepest parts of the mud of rivers and lakes1 and do not seem to eat much1 and remain1 ,i believe1 almost torpid4 ,their increase is not certainly known in any given time1 but must depend upon the quantity of their food2 but it is probable they do not become of the largest size from the smallest in one or even two seasons2 but this1 as well as many other particulars1 can only be ascertained by new observations and experiments4 ,block states1 that they grow slowly1 and mentions that some had been kept in the same pond for fifteen years4 ,as very large eels1 after having migrated1 never return to the river again1 they must 7for it cannot be supposed that they all die immediately in the sea7 remain in salt water2 and there is great probability that they are then confounded with the conger1 which is found from a few ounces to one hundred pounds in weight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,munich1 every child found begging is taken to a charitable establishment2 the moment he enters his portrait is given to him1 representing him in his rags1 and he promises by oath to keep it all his life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,infancy4 ,this is one of the gems of the quarto volume of poetry recently published by the author of the ,omnipresence of the ,deity2 but in our next we intend stringing together a few of the resplendent beauties which illumine almost every page4 ,on yonder mead1 that like a windless lake ,shines in the glow of heaven1 a cherub boy ,is bounding1 playful as a breeze new-born1 ,light as the beam that dances by his side4 ,phantom of beauty6 with his trepid locks ,gleaming like water-wreaths1--a flower of life1 ,to whom the fairy world is fresh1 the sky ,a glory1 and the earth one huge delight6 ,joy shaped his brow1 and ,pleasure rolls his eye1 ,while ,innocence1 from out the budding lip ,darts her young smiles along his rounded cheek4 ,grief hath not dimm'd the brightness of his form1 ,love and ,affection o'er him spread their wings1 ,and ,nature1 like a nurse1 attends him with ,her sweetest looks4 ,the humming bee will bound ,from out the flower1 nor sting his baby hand2 ,the birds sing to him from the sunny tree2 ,and suppliantly the fierce-eyed mastiff fawn ,beneath his feet1 to court the playful touch4 ,to rise all rosy from the arms of sleep1 ,and1 like the sky-bird1 hail the bright-cheek'd morn ,with gleeful song1 then o'er the bladed mead ,to chase the blue-wing'd butterfly1 or play ,with curly streams2 or1 led by watchful ,love1 ,to hear the chorus of the trooping waves1 ,when the young breezes laugh them into life6 ,or listen to the mimic ocean roar ,within the womb of spiry sea-shell wove1-- ,from sight and sound to catch intense delight1 ,and infant gladness from each happy face1-- ,these are the guileless duties of the day3 ,and when at length reposeful ,evening comes1 ,joy-worn he nestles in the welcome couch1 ,with kisses warm upon his cheek1 to dream ,of heaven1 till morning wakes him to the world4 ,the scene hath changed into a curtain'd room1 ,where mournful glimmers of the mellow sun ,lie dreaming on the walls6 ,dim-eyed and sad1 ,and dumb with agony1 two parents bend ,o'er a pale image1 in the coffin laid1-- ,their infant once1 the laughing1 leaping boy1 ,the paragon and nursling of their souls6 ,death touch'd him1 and the life-glow fled away1 ,swift as a gay hour's fancy2 fresh and cold ,as winter's shadow1 with his eye-lids seal'd1 ,like violet-lips at eve1 he lies enrobed ,an offering to the grave6 but1 pure as when ,it wing'd from heaven1 his spirit hath return'd1 ,to lisp his hallelujahs with the choirs ,of sinless babes1 imparadised above4 ,death1 a ,poem1 by ,r4 ,montgomery4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,zoological ,,society4 ,what a fashionable place ,soon the ,regent's ,park will grow6 ,not alone the human race ,to survey its beauties go2 ,birds and beasts of every hue1 ,in order and sobriety1 ,come1 invited by the ,zo- ,ological ,society4 ,notes of invitation go ,to the west and to the east4 ,begging of the ,hippopo- ,tamus here to come and feast3 ,sheep and panthers here we view1 ,monstrous contrariety6 ,all united by the ,zo- ,ological ,society4 ,monkeys leave their native seat1 ,monkeys green and monkeys blue1 ,other monkeys here to meet1 ,and kindly ask1 ,pray how d'ye do8 ,from ,new ,holland the emu1 ,with his better moiety1 ,has paid a visit to the ,zo- ,ological ,society4 ,here we see the lazy tor- ,toise creeping with his shell1 ,and the drowsy1 drowsy dor- ,mouse dreaming in his cell2 ,here from all parts of the ,u- ,niverse we meet variety1 ,lodged and boarded by the ,zo- ,ological ,society4 ,bears at pleasure lounge and roll1 ,leading lives devoid of pain1 ,half day climbing up a poll1 ,half day climbing down again2 ,their minds tormented by no su- ,perfluous anxiety1 ,while on good terms with the ,zo- ,ological ,society4 ,would a mammoth could be found ,and made across the sea to swim6 ,but now1 alas6 upon the ground ,the bones alone are left of him3 ,i fear a hungry mammoth too1 7,so monstrous and unquiet he47 ,by hunger urged might eat the ,zo- ,ological ,society6 ,the ,christmas ,box4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,insects4 ,one great protection against all creeping things is1 to stir the ground very frequently along the foot of the wall4 ,that is their great place of resort2 and frequent stirring and making the ground very fine1 disturbs the peace of their numerous families1 gives them trouble1 makes them uneasy1 and finally harasses them to death4 ,cobbett's ,english ,gardener4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sir ,w4 ,,temple',s ,,garden4 ,it was formerly the fashion to have a sort of canal1 with broad grass walks on the sides1 and with the water coming up to within a few inches of the closely shaven grass2 and certainly few things were more beautiful than these4 ,sir ,william ,temple had one of his own constructing in his gardens at ,moor ,park4 ,on the outsides of the grass-walks were borders of beautiful flowers4 ,i have stood for hours to look at this canal1 which the good-natured manners of those days had led the proprietor to make an opening in the outer wall in order that his neighbours might enjoy the sight as well as himself2 ,i have stood for hours1 when a little boy1 looking at this object2 ,i have travelled far since1 and have seen a great deal2 but ,i have never seen any thing of the gardening kind so beautiful in the whole course of my life--,ibid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bulbous ,,roots4 ,in glasses filled with water1 bulbous roots1 such as the hyacinth1 narcissus1 and jonquil1 are blown4 ,the time to put them in is from ,september to ,november1 and the earliest ones will begin blowing about ,christmas4 ,the glasses should be blue1 as that colour best suits the roots2 put water enough in to cover the bulb one-third of the way up1 less rather than more2 let the water be soft1 change it once a week1 and put in a pinch of salt every time you change it4 ,keep the glasses in a place moderately warm1 and near to the light4 ,a parlour window is a very common place for them1 but is often too warm1 and brings on the plants too early1 and causes them to be weakly4--,ibid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,travelling ,,invalids4 ,we cannot refrain from stating our belief1 and this on the authority of intelligent physicians1 as well as from personal observation1 that much mischief is done by committing invalids to long and precarious journeys1 for the sake of doubtful benefits4 ,we have ourselves seen consumptive patients hurried along1 through all the discomforts of bad roads1 bad inns1 and indifferent diet1 to places1 where certain partial advantages of climate poorly compensated for the loss of the many benefits which home and domestic care can best afford4 ,we have seen such invalids lodged in cold1 half-furnished houses1 and shivering under blasts of wind from the ,alps or ,apennines1 who might more happily have been sheltered in the vales of ,somerset or ,devon4 ,on this topic1 however1 we refrain from saying more--further than to state our belief1 that much misapprehension generally prevails1 as to the comparative healthiness of ,england1 and other parts of ,europe4 ,certain phrases respecting climate have obtained fashionable currency amongst us1 which greatly mislead the judgment as to facts4 ,the accurate statistical tables1 now extended to the greater part of ,europe1 furnish more secure grounds of opinion2 and from these we derive the knowledge1 that there is no one country in ,europe where the average proportion of mortality is so small as in ,england4 ,some few details on this subject we subjoin1--tempted to do so by the common errors prevailing in relation to it4 ,the proportion of deaths to the population is nearly one-third less in ,england than in ,france4 ,comparing the two capitals1 the average mortality of ,london is about one-fifth less than that of ,paris4 ,what may appear a more singular statement1 the proportion of deaths in ,london1 a vast and luxurious metropolis1 differs only by a small fraction from that of the whole of ,france2 and is considerably less than the average of those ,mediterranean shores which are especially frequented by invalids for the sake of health4 ,in ,italy1 the proportion of deaths is a full third greater than in ,england2 and even in ,switzerland and ,sweden1 though the difference be less1 it is still in favour of our own country4--,q4 ,rev4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,newspaper ,,love4 ,the paper so highly esteemed1 entitled1 ,the ,courier de l',europe1 originated in the following circumstances3-- ,monsieur ,guerrier de ,berance was a native of ,auvergne1 whose fortune in the origin was very low1 but who by his intrigues succeeded in gaining the place of ,procureur ,general of the ,custom-house4 ,he married two wives2 the name of the last was ,millochin1 who was both young and handsome4 ,she soon began to find out that her husband was very disagreeable2 and what caused her more particularly to remark his faults was her contrasting him with ,m4 ,cevres de la ,tour1 with whom she fell most desperately in love4 ,this passion became so violent1 that ,madame ,guerrier fled into ,england with her lover1 who1 in his turn1 left his wife behind him in ,paris4 ,the finances of these two lovers growing rather low1 ,m4 ,sevres de la ,tour1 who was a man of talent1 thought1 as a plan to enrich himself1 to turn editor to a newspaper1 and for this purpose started the ,courier de l',europe1 which succeeded beyond his most sanguine hopes4 ,disgust1 which commonly follows these sort of unions1 caused ,madame ,guerrier to be deserted by her lover1 and she was obliged to turn a teacher of languages for her subsistence4--,the ,album of ,love4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,gatherer4 ,a snapper-up of unconsidered trifles4 ,,shakspeare4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,reply ,,to ,,the ,,dirge ,,on ,,miss ,,ellen ,,gee1 ,,of ,,kew4 7,see ,mirror1 page #bbc47 ,forgive1 ye beauteous maids of ,q1 ,the much relenting ,b1 ,who vows he never will sting ,u1 ,while sipping of your ,t4 ,one nymph ,i wounded in the ,i1 ,the charming ,l ,n ,g1 ,the fates impell'd1 ,i know not ,y1 ,the luckless busy ,b4 ,and oh recall the sentence ,u ,pass'd on your humble ,b1 ,let me remain at happy ,q1 ,send me not o'er the ,c4 ,and ,i will mourn upon ,a ,u1 ,the death of ,l ,n ,g1 ,and all the charming maids of ,q ,will pity the poor ,b4 ,i will hum soft her ,l ,e ,g1 ,the reason some ask ,y1 ,because the maiden could not ,c1 ,by me she lost her ,i4 ,to soothe ye damsels ,i'll ,s ,a1 ,far sooner would ,i ,b ,myself in funeral ,r ,a1 ,than wound one fair at ,t4 ,f4,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,biter ,,bit4 ,in the reign of ,charles ,,ii4 a physician to the court was walking with the king in the gallery of ,windsor ,castle1 when they saw a man repairing a clock fixed there4 ,the physician knowing the king's relish for a joke1 accosted the man with1 ,my good friend1 you are continually doctoring that clock1 and yet it never goes well4 ,now if ,i were to treat my patients in such a way1 ,i should lose all my credit4 ,what can the reason be that you mistake so egregiously8 ,the man dryly replied1 ,the reason why you and ,i1 ,sir1 are not upon a par is plain enough--the sun discovers all my blunders1 but the earth covers yours4 ,g4,i4,f4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,epitaph4 ,on a tablet in the outside wall of the old church1 at ,taunton1 in ,somersetshire1 is the following on ,james ,waters1 late of ,london1 aged #di4 ,death traversing the western road1 ,and asking where true merit lay1 ,made in this town a short abode1 ,then took this worthy man away4 ,w4,r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,life4 ,grass of levity1 ,span in brevity1 ,flower's felicity1 ,fire of misery1 ,wind's stability ,is mortality4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notice ,,from ,,the ,,publisher4 ,purchasers of the ,,mirror1 who may wish to complete their volumes1 are informed that the whole of the numbers are now in print1 and can be procured by giving an order to any ,bookseller or ,newsvender4 ,complete sets ,vol ,i4 to ,,xi4 in boards1 price #c4 #ais4 #f;d half bound1 #c4 #ags4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,limbird',s ,,edition ,,of ,,the ,following ,novels are already ,published3 s4d4 ,mackenzie's ,man of ,feeling 44444444444444 #j444f ,paul and ,virginia 44444444444444444444444 #j444f ,the ,castle of ,otranto 4444444444444444444 #j444f ,almoran and ,hamet 44444444444444444444444 #j444f ,elizabeth1 or the ,exiles of ,siberia 44444 #j444f ,the ,castles of ,athlin and ,dunbayne 444444 #j444f ,rasselas 44444444444444444444444444444444 #j444h ,the ,old ,english ,baron 4444444444444444444 #j444h ,nature and ,art 44444444444444444444444444 #j444h ,goldsmith's ,vicar of ,wakefield 4444444444 #j44aj ,sicilian ,romance 444444444444444444444444 #a444j ,the ,man of the ,world 44444444444444444444 #a444j ,a ,simple ,story 44444444444444444444444444 #a444d ,joseph ,andrews 44444444444444444444444444 #a444f ,humphry ,clinker 44444444444444444444444444#a444h ,the ,romance of the ,forest 444444444444444 #a444h ,the ,italian 44444444444444444444444444444 #b444j ,zeluco1 by ,dr4 ,moore 44444444444444444444 #b444j ,edward1 by ,dr4 ,moore 44444444444444444444 #b444f ,roderick ,random 4444444444444444444444444 #b444f ,the ,mysteries of ,udolpho 4444444444444444 #c444f