,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9] ,,by ,! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society #ahcf ,no4 #a4 ,to ! ,p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or1 ,to ,su* ,am]icans ,z ,value ,_! ,rights1 & ,d>e to ,ma9ta9 ,!m4 ,no4 #b4 ,appeal to ! ,*ri/ian ,wom5 ( ! ,s\?4 ,no4 #b4 ,appeal to ! ,*ri/ian ,wom5 ( ! ,s\?4 ,revis$ & ,correct$4 ,no4 #c4 ,lett] ( ,g]rit ,smi? to ,rev4 ,james ,smylie1 ( ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi4 ,no4 #d4 ,! ,bible ,aga9/ ,slav]y4 ,an ,inquiry ,into ! ,patri>*al & ,mosaic ,sy/ems on ! ,subject ( ,human ,rights4 ,no4 #d4 ,! ,bible ,aga9/ ,slav]y4 ,an ,inquiry ,into ! ,patri>*al & ,mosaic ,sy/ems on ! ,subject ( ,human ,rights4 ,?ird ,edition--,revis$4 ,no4 #d4 ,! ,bible ,aga9/ ,slav]y4 ,an ,inquiry ,into ! ,patri>*al & ,mosaic ,sy/ems on ! ,subject ( ,human ,rights4 ,f\r? ,edition--,enl>g$4 ,no4 #e4 ,p[] ( ,congress ,ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,no4 #e4 ,p[] ( ,congress ,ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,) ,additions by ! ,au?or4 ,no4 #e4 ,p[] ( ,congress ,ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,no4 #f4 ,,n>rative ,,( ,,james ,,williams1 ,,an ,,am]ican ,,slave4 ,no4 #g4 ,,emancipation ,,9 ,,! ,,we/ ,,indies4 ,no4 #h4 ,,correspond5ce1 ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,hon4 ,f4,h4 ,,elmore1 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a ,,delegation ,,9 ,,congress1 ,,& ,,james ,g4 ,,birney1 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,secret>ies ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society4 ,no4 #i4 ,,lett] ,,( ,,g]rit ,,smi?1 ,,to ,,hon4 ,,h5ry ,,clay4 ,no4 #aj4 ,,emancipation ,9 ,! ,,we/ ,,indies1 ,,9 #ahch4 ,,! ,,*attel ,,pr9ciple ,,! ,,abhorr5ce ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,! ,,apo/les2 ,,or ,,no ,,refuge ,,= ,,am]ican ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 #ahci4 ,no4 #aj4 ,am]ican ,slav]y ,z ,x ,is3 ,te/imony ( a ,?\s& ,witnesses4 ,no4 #aj4 ,spee* ( ,hon4 ,?omas ,morris1 ( ,ohio1 9 ,reply to ! ,spee* ( ! ,hon4 ,h5ry ,clay4 ,no4 #aa4 ,! ,con/itution ,a ,pro-,slav]y ,compact ,or ,selections ,f ! ,madison ,pap]s1 c4 ,no4 #aa4 ,! ,con/itution ,a ,pro-,slav]y ,compact ,or ,selections ,f ! ,madison ,pap]s1 c4 ,second ,edition1 ,enl>g$4 ,no4 #ab4 ,*attel ,pr9ciple ,! ,abhorr5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! ,apo/les2 ,or ,no ,refuge = ,am]ican ,slav]y 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,on ! ,condition ( ! ,free ,p ( ,color 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no4 #ac4 ,c ,abolitioni/s ,vote or ,take ,(fice ,"u ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution8 ,address to ! ,fri5ds ( ,con/itutional ,lib]ty1 on ! ,violation by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,"r ( ,petition at ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9] ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,augu/1 #ahcf4 ,,no4 #a4 ,,to ,,! ,,p ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates2 ,,or1 ,,to ,,su* ,,am]icans ,,z ,,value ,,_! ,,rights1 ,,& ,,d>e ,,to ,,ma9ta9 ,,!m4 ,,fell[ ,,c\ntrym56 ,a crisis has arriv$1 9 :i* rights ! mo/ important :i* civil society c ackn[l$ge1 & :i* h be5 ackn[l$g$ by our ,con/itution & laws1 9 t]ms ! mo/ explicit :i* language c af=d1 are set at n\ght by m51 :om y\r favor has inve/$ ) a brief au?ority4 ,by :at /&>d is y\r lib]ty ( consci5ce1 ( spee*1 & ( ! press1 n[ measur$8 ,is x by ^? glori\s *>t]s y h inh]it$ f y\r fa!rs1 & :i* y\r pres5t rul]s h call$ ,heav5 to witness1 !y w\ld pres]ve inviolate8 ,alas6 ano!r /&>d has be5 devis$1 & if we w\ld "k :at rights are conc$$ to u by our own s]vants1 we mu/ consult ! ,,compact by :i* ! ,s\? engages on c]ta9 conditions to give its trade & votes to ,nor!rn m54 ,all rights n all[$ by ?is compact1 we n[ hold by suff]ance1 & our ,gov]nors & ,legislatures av[ _! read9ess to deprive u ( !m1 :5ev] 9 _! op9ion1 legislation on ! subject %all be necess>y,a4 ,?is compact is n inde$ publi%$ to ! _w1 "u ! h&s & seals ( ! contract+ p>ties1 b x is set =? 9 (ficial messages1--9 resolutions ( ! ,/ate & ,national ,legislatures--9 ! proce$+s ( popul> meet+s1 & 9 acts ( lawless viol5ce4 ,! temples ( ! ,almighty h be5 sack$1 because ! wor%ip]s did n con=m _! consci5ces to ! compact,b4 ,m9i/]s ( ! gospel h be5 dragg$ z crim9als f ! alt> to ! b>1 because !y taught ! p f ! ,bible1 doctr9es proscrib$ by ! compact,c4 ,hundr$s ( free citiz5s1 peaceably assembl$ to express _! s5tim5ts1 h1 because su* an expression 0 =bidd5 by ! compact1 be5 =cibly disp]s$1 & ! *ief actor 9 ?is invasion on ! fre$om ( spee*1 in/ead ( be+ puni%$ = a brea* ( ! peace1 0 rew>d$ = 8 fidelity to ! compact ) an (fice ( high tru/ & honor,d4 ,footnote ,a3 ,see ! ,messages ( ! ,gov]nors ( ,new-,york & ,connecticut1 ! resolutions ( ! ,new-,york ,legislature1 & ! bill introduc$ into ! ,legislature ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,footnote ,b3 ,*ur*es 9 ,new-,york attack$ by ! mob 9 #ahcd4 ,footnote ,c3 ,see two cases )9 ! la/ twelve mon?s 9 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,footnote ,d3 ,samuel ,be>dsley1 ,esq4 ! lead] ( ! ,utica riot1 0 %ortly aft]w>ds appo9t$ ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! /ate ( ,new-,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,po/age--,?is ,p]iodical conta9s "o %eet1 po/age "u #ajj miles1 is #a #a-b c5ts ov] #ajj miles1 #b #a-b c5ts4 ,! fre$om ( ! press--! palladium ( lib]ty1 0 once a h\sehold prov]b4 ,n[1 a pr9t+ (fice,a is ent]$ by ruffians1 & its types scatt]$ 9 ! highway1 because disob$i5t to ! compact4 ,a ,gr& ,jury1 sworn to pres5t all ?+s truly z !y come to _! k1 refuse to indict ! (f5d]s2 & a s5ator 9 ,congress rises 9 8 place1 & appeals to ! outrage 9 ! pr9t+ (fice1 & ! conduct ( ! ,gr& ,jury z evid5ce ( ! good fai? ) :i* ! p ( ! /ate ( ,new ,york 7 resolv$ to obs]ve ! compact,b4 ,footnote ,a3 ,(fice ( ! ,utica ,/&>d & ,democrat newspap]4 ,footnote ,b3 ,see spee* ( ! ,hon4 ,silas ,wright 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,s5ate ( ,feb4 #ahcf4 ,! ,executive ,magi/rate ( ! ,am]ican ,union1 unm9dful ( 8 obligation to execute ! laws = ! equal b5efit ( 8 fell[ citiz5s1 has sanction$ a c5sor%ip ( ! press1 by :i* pap]s incompatible ) ! compact are exclud$ f ! s\!rn mails1 & he has (ficially advis$ ,congress to d by law1 al?\gh 9 violation ( ! ,con/itution1 :at he _h himself virtually done already 9 despite ( bo?4 ,! invitation has inde$ be5 reject$1 b by ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates only1 aft] a port5t\s /ruggle--a /ruggle :i* di/9ctly exhibit$ ! political conditions ( ! compact1 z well z ! fidelity ) :i* ^? conditions are obs]v$ by a nor!rn c&idate = ! ,presid5cy4 ,:ile 9 compliance ) ^! conditions1 a p[]ful m9ority 9 ! ,s5ate 7 =g+ fett]s = ! ,,press1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 7 employ$ 9 break+ d[n ! "r ( ,,petition4 ,on ! #bf? ,may la/1 ! foll[+ resolution1 report$ by a committee 0 adopt$ by ! ,h\se1 viz4 ,resolv$1 t all ,petitions1 ,memorials1 ,resolutions & ,propositions relat+ 9 any way1 or to any ext5t :atev]1 to ! subject ( ,slav]y1 %all )\t be+ ei!r pr9t$ or ref]r$1 be laid on ! table1 & t no fur!r action :atev] %all be _h !reon4 ,yeas1 #aag4 ,nays1 #fh4 ,be> ) u1 fell[ c\ntrym51 :ile we call y\r att5tion to ! outrage on y\r rights1 ! contempt ( p]sonal obligations & ! h>d5$ cruelty involv$ 9 ?is dete/able resolution4 ,condemn u n = ! h>%ness ( our language1 be=e y he> our ju/ification4 ,we %all speak only ! tru?1 b we %all speak x z freem54 ,! "r ( petition is f\nd$ 9 ! v in/itution ( civil gov]nm5t1 & has f "t immemorial be5 ackn[l$g$ z among ! unque/ionable privileges ( our ,engli% ance/ors4 ,?is "r spr+s f ! great tru? t gov]nm5t is e/abli%$ = ! b5efit ( ! gov]n$2 & x =ms ! m$ium by :i* ! p acqua9t _! rul]s ) _! wants & _! grievances4 ,s accu/om$ 7 ! ,am]icans to ! ex]cise ( ?is "r1 ev5 dur+ _! subjection to ! ,briti% cr[n1 t1 on ! =mation ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 ! ,conv5tion n conceiv+ t x c\ld be endang]$1 made no provision = its security4 ,b 9 ! v fir/ ,congress t assembl$ "u ! new ,gov]nm5t1 ! omission 0 repair$4 ,x 0 ?\ght "s case might possibly occur1 9 :i* ?is "r might prove tr\blesome to a dom9ant faction1 :o w\ld endeavor to /ifle x4 ,an am5dm5t 0 !re=e propos$ & adopt$1 by :i* ,congress is re/ra9$ f mak+ any law abridg+ ! "r ( ! ,p1 peaceably to assemble1 & to petition ! ,gov]nm5t = a r$ress ( grievances4 ,_h x n be5 = ?is prud5t jeal\sy ( our ,fa!rs1 in/ead ( ! resolution ,i h transcrib$1 we %\ld h _h a ,,law1 visit+ ) pa9s & p5alties1 all :o d>$ to petition ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 9 behalf ( ! victims ( oppression1 held 9 bondage by its au?ority4 ,! pres5t resolution _c inde$ consign su* petition]s to ! prison or ! scaffold1 b x makes ! "r to petition a congressional boon1 to be grant$ or )held at pleasure1 & 9 ! pres5t case effectually )holds x1 by t5d]+ x nugatory4 ,petitions are to in=m ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! wi%es ( ! p1 & by call+ =? ! action ( ! ,legislature1 to in=m ! con/itu5ts h[ f> _! wi%es are respect$ by _! repres5tatives4 ,! in=mation ?us mutually giv5 & receiv$ is ess5tial to a fai?ful & enlight5$ ex]cise ( ! "r ( legislation on ! "o h&1 & ( suffrage on ! o!r4 ,b ! resolution we are consid]+1 provides t no petition 9 relation to slav]y1 %all be pr9t$ = ! in=mation ( ! memb]s1 nor ref]r$ to a committee to asc]ta9 ! tru? ( its /atem5ts2 nor %all any vote be tak51 9 reg>d to x1 by :i* ! ,p may le>n ! s5tim5ts ( _! repres5tatives4 ,if ,congress may ?us dispose ( petitions on "o subject1 !y may make ! same disposition ( petitions on any & e o!r subject4 ,our repres5tatives are b\nd by oa?1 n to pass any law abridg+ ! "r ( petition1 b if ?is resolution is con/itutional1 !y may ord] e petition to be deliv]$ to _! door-keep]1 & by him to be committ$ to ! flames2 = :y pres]ve petitions on :i* no action c be _h8 ,_h ! resolution be5 direct$ to petitions = an object palpably uncon/itutional1 x w\ld /ill h be5 )\t excuse4 ,! con/ruction ( ! ,con/itution is a matt] ( op9ion1 & e citiz5 has a "r to express t op9ion 9 a petition1 or o!rwise4 ,b ?is usurpation is aggravat$ by ! almo/ univ]sal admission t ,congress does possess ! con/itutional p[] to legislate on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ! ,t]ritories4 ,no wond] t a di/+ui%$ /atesman refus$ to sanction ! "r ( ! ,h\se to pass su* a resolution by ev5 vot+ aga9/ x,a4 ,! m5 :o p]petrat$ ?is outrage _h sworn to support ! ,con/itution1 & w !y h]eaft] plead at ! b> ( _! ,mak]1 t !y _h kept _! oa?1 because !y _h abridg$ ! "r ( petition by a resolution1 & n by law6 ,footnote ,a3 ,mr4 ,j4,q4 ,adams1 on 8 "n be+ call$1 refus$ to vote1 say+1 ! resolution is 9 direct violation ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! privileges ( ! memb]s ( ?is ,h\se4 ,?is resolution n only violates ! rights ( ! p1 b x nullifies ! privileges & obligations ( _! repres5tatives4 ,x is an und\bt$ "r & duty ( e memb] ( ,congress to propose any measure )9 ! limits ( ! ,con/itution1 :i* he believes is requir$ by ! int]e/s ( 8 con/itu5ts & ! welf>e ( 8 c\ntry4 ,n[ m>k ! base surr5d] ( ?is "r--! wick$ d]eliction ( ?is duty4 ,all resolutions & propositions relat+ 9 any way or to any ext5t :atev] to ! subject ( slav]y1 %all be laid on ! table1 & no fur!r action :atev] %all be _h !reon4 ,:at a spectacle has be5 pres5t$ to ! ,am]ican p6--"o hundr$ & sev5te5 memb]s ( ,congress rel9qui%+ _! own rights1 cancell+ _! own solemn obligations1 =cibly depriv+ ! o!r memb]s ( _! legislative privileges1 aboli%+ ! fre$om ( debate1 condemn+ ! "r ( petition1 & prohibit+ pres5t & future legislation on a mo/ important & con/itutional subject1 by a rule ( ord]6 ,9 #ahbj1 ! ,new-,york ,legislature in/ruct$ ! repres5tatives f t /ate 9 ,congress1 to insi/ on mak+ ! prohibition ( slav]y an indisp5sable condition ( admission ( c]ta9 t]ritories into ! union4 ,9 #ahbh1 ! ,legislature ( ,p5nsylvania in/ruct$ ! ,p5nsylvania memb]s ( ,congress1 to vote = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 va9 h]eaft] %all a repres5tative pres5t ! in/ructions ( 8 con/itu5ts1 or ! injunctions ( a sov]eign /ate4 ,no "q %all be tak51 or any motion he may (f]1 9 any way1 or to any ext5t1 relat+ to slav]y6 ,se>* ! annals ( legislation1 & y w f9d no prec$5t = su* a pr(ligate act ( tyranny1 ex]cis$ by a majority ov] _! fell[ legislators1 nor = su* an impud5t contempt ( ! rights ( ! p4 ,b ?is resolution is no less b>b>\s ?an x is pr(ligate & impud5t4 ,rememb]1 fell[ c\ntrym56 t ! decree has gone =?1 t !re %all be no legislation by ,congress1 9 any way1 or to any ext5t :atev]1 on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,n[ call to m9d1 t ,congress is ! local & only legislature ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 :i* is plac$ by ! ,con/itution "u its exclusive jurisdiction 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,9 ?is ,di/rict1 !re are ?\s&s ( human be+s dive/$ ( ! rights ( humanity1 & subject$ to a negotiable despotism2 & ,congress is ! only p[] t c ext5d ! %ield ( law to protect !m f cruelty & abuse2 & t %ield1 x is n[ resolv$1 %all n be ext5d$ 9 any way1 or to any ext5t6 ,b ?is is n all4 ,! ,di/rict has become ! great slave-m>ket ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ! port ( ,alex&ria is ! ,gu9ea ( our pr\d republic1 :5ce c>goes ( despair are cont9ually dep>t+,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,"o deal]1 ,john ,armfield1 adv]tises 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c] ( ! #aj? ( ,febru>y la/1 t he has ?ree vessels 9 ! trade1 & !y w leave ! port ( ,alex&ria on ! fir/ & fifte5? ( ea* mon?4 ,9 ! city :i* be>s ! "n ( ! ,fa!r ( 8 c\ntry1 deal]s 9 human fle% receive lic5ses = ! vile traffic1 at f\r hundr$ doll>s ea* p] annum2 & ! gazettes ( ! ,capital h _! columns pollut$ ) ! adv]tisem5ts ( ^! m51 (f]+ ca% = *ildr5 & y\?1 :o1 torn f _! p>5ts & families1 are to we> out _! exi/5ce on ! plantations ( ! s\?4,a ,= ! safe keep+ ( ^! *ildr5 & y\?1 till !y are %ipp$ = ! ,mississippi1 private p5s & prisons are provid$1 & ! ,,unit$ ,,/ates' ,,jail us$ :5 requir$4 ,! laws ( ! ,di/rict 9 relation to slaves & free negroes are ( ! mo/ abom9able & iniquit\s "*4 ,any free citiz5 ) a d>k sk91 may be arre/$ on pret5ce ( be+ a fugitive slave1 & committ$ to ! ,,unit$ ,,/ates' ,,prison1 & unless )9 a c]ta9 numb] ( days he proves 8 fre$om1 :ile immur$ )9 its walls1 he is1 "u au?ority ( ,congress1 sold z a slave = life4 ,d y ask :y8 ,let ! blood mantle 9 y\r *eeks1 :ile we give y ! answ] ( ! ,,law--to pay 8 jail fees66 ,footnote ,a3 ,twelve hundr$ negroes are ?us adv]tis$ = 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c] ( ! #bh? ( ,m>* la/4 ,! negroes want$ are g5]ally f ! age ( t5 or twelve ye>s to tw5ty-five1 & ( bo? sexes4 ,on ! #aa? ( ,janu>y1 #ahbg1 ! ,committee = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 7!mselves slavehold]s7 introduc$ a bill provid+ t ! jail fees %\ld h]eaft] be a c\nty *>ge4 ,! bill did n pass2 & by ! late resolution1 a /atute unp>allel$ = inju/ice & atrocity by any m&ate ( ,european despotism1 is to be l ! law ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians1 t alt]e? n1 s9ce no proposition = its repeal or modification c be ent]ta9$4 ,! ,gr& ,jury ( ,alex&ria pres5t$ ! slave trade ( t place1 z disgraceful to our "* z citiz5s ( a free gov]nm5t1 & z a grievance dem&+ legislative r$ress2 t is1 ! int]position ( ,congress--b "o hundr$ & sev5te5 m5 h decid$ t !re %all be no action :atev] by ,congress 9 relation to slav]y4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahaf1 ,john ,r&olph submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives3 ,resolv$1 ,t a ,committee be appo9t$ to inquire into ! exi/5ce ( an inhuman & illegal traffic ( slaves1 c>ri$ on 9 & ?r\gh ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & to report :e!r any1 & :at measures are necess>y = putt+ a /op to ! same4 ,! ,,compact _h n !n be5 =m$ & ! resolution 0 adopt$4 ,su* a resolution w\ld n[ be laid on ! table1 & treat$ ) sil5t contempt4 ,9 #ahbh1 elev5 hundr$ inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict pres5t$ a petition to ,congress1 compla9+ ( ! ,,dome/ic ,,slave-,,trade z a grievance disgraceful 9 its "*1 & ev5 m demoraliz+ its influ5ce ?an ! =eign traffic4 ,! petition conclud$ z foll[s3 ,! p ( ?is ,di/rict h )9 !mselves no means ( legislative r$ress1 & we !re=e appeal to y\r ,honorable body z ! only "o ve/$ by ! ,am]ican ,con/itution ) p[] to relieve u4 ,no m %all su* appeals be made to ! national c\ncil4 ,:at matt]s x1 t ! p ( ! ,di/rict are annoy$ by ! human %ambles op5$ among !m8 ,:at matt]s x1 t ,congress is ! only body ve/$ by ! ,am]ican ,con/itution ) p[] to relieve !m8 ,! compact requires t no action %all be _h on any petition relat+ to slav]y4 ,! horse or ! ox may be protect$ 9 ! ,di/rict1 by act ( ,congress1 f ! cruelty ( its own]2 b ,,man1 creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 %all1 if 8 complexion be d>k1 be ab&on$ to e outrage4 ,! negro may be b\nd alive to ! /ake 9 front ( ! ,capitol1 z well z 9 ! /reets ( ,/4 ,l\is--8 %rieks may res\nd ?r\gh ! repres5tative hall--& ! /5* ( 8 burn+ body may ent] ! no/rils ( ! law-giv]s--b no vote may rebuke ! abom9ation--no law =bid its repetition4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! nation may regulate ! traffic 9 %eep & sw9e1 )9 ! t5 miles squ>e2 b ! ,,slav]s ( ! ,di/rict may be lad5 to suffocation ) human cattle--! horrors ( ! middle passage may be transc5d$ at ! :>ves ( ,alex&ria2 b ,congress may n limit ! size ( ! c>goes1 or provide = ! due fe$+ & wat]+ ! animals compos+ !m6--,! ,di/rict ( ,columbia is h5ce=? to be ! only spot on ! face ( ! globe1 subject$ to a civiliz$ & ,*ri/ian police1 9 :i* av>ice & malice may ) legal impunity inflict on humanity :atev] suff]+s +5uity c devise1 or depravity desire4 ,& ?is accumulation ( wick$ness1 cruelty & bas5ess1 is to r5d] ! seat ( ! f$]al gov]nm5t ! sc(f ( tyrants & ! reproa* ( freem5 ,,=ev]6 ,on ! #i? ( ,janu>y #ahbi1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ! foll[+ vote4 ,resolv$1 t ! committee ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia be in/ruct$ to inquire into ! exp$i5cy ( provid+ by law1 = ! gradual abolition ( ,slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 9 su* mann] t no individual %all be injur$ !reby4 ,nev] aga9 :ile ! pres5t rule ( ord] is 9 =ce1 c simil> in/ructions be giv5 to a committee--nev] aga9 %all ev5 an inquiry be made into ! exp$i5cy ( aboli%+ slav]y & ! slave-trade 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,:at /rong] evid5ce c we h1 ( ! gr[+ & spread+ corruption caus$ by slav]y1 ?an t "o hundr$ & sev5te5 republican legislators pr(ess$ believ]s 9 ,*ri/ianity--_m ( !m f ! ,nor?1 aye ev5 f ! l& ( ! ,pilgrims1 %\ld /rive to r5d] su* curses ,,p]petual6 ,! flagiti\sness ( ?is resolution is aggravat$ if possible by ! arbitr>y means by :i* its adoption 0 secur$4 ,no repres5tative ( ! ,p 0 p]mitt$ to lift up 8 voice aga9/ x--to plead ! comm&s ( ! ,con/itution :i* is violat$--8 own privileges & duties :i* x contemn$--! rights ( 8 con/itu5ts on :i* x trampl$--! *a9s ( ju/ice & humanity :i* x impi\sly outrag$4 ,its advocates 7 afraid & a%am$ to discuss x1 & =bidd+ debate1 !y p]petrat$ 9 sil5ce ! mo/ atroci\s act t has ev] disgrac$ an ,am]ican ,legislature,a4 ,& 0 no reason :atev]1 x may be ask$1 assign$ = ?is bold invasion ( our rights1 ?is insult to ! sympa?ies ( our common nature8 ,yes--connect$ ) ! resolution 0 a preamble expla9+ its ,,object4 ,read x1 fell[ c\ntrym51 & be equally a/oni%$ at ! impud5ce ( y\r rul]s 9 av[+ su* an object1 & at _! folly 9 adopt+ su* an exp$i5t to effect x4 ,! lips ( a free p are to be seal$ by insult & injury6 ,footnote ,a3 ,a debate 0 all[$ on a motion to re-commit ! report1 = ! purpose ( prep>+ a resolution t ,congress has no con/itutional p[] to int]f]e ) slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 b :5 ! s5se ( ! ,h\se 0 to be tak5 on ! resolution report$ by ! committees1 all debate 0 prev5t$ by ! previ\s "q4 ,:]eas1 x is extremely important & desirable t ! ,,agitation on ?is subject %\ld be f9ally ,,arre/$1 = ! purpose ( re/or+ tranquillity to ! public m9d1 y\r committee respectfully recomm5d ! foll[+ resolution4 ,,ord] ,,reigns ,,9 ,,w>saw1 7 ! t]ms 9 :i* ! triumph ( ,russia ov] ! lib]ties ( ,pol& 0 ann\nc$ to ! _w4 ,:5 ! "r ( petition %all be brok5 d[n--:5 no :isp] %alt be he>d 9 ,congress 9 behalf ( human rights--:5 ! press %all be muzzl$1 & ! fre$om ( spee* de/roy$ by gag-laws1 !n w ! slavehold]s ann\nce1 t ,,tranquillity ,,is ,,re/or$ ,,to ,,! ,,public ,,m9d6 ,fell[ c\ntrym56 is su* ! tranquillity y desire--is su* ! h]itage y w\ld leave to y\r *ildr58 ,suff] n ! pres5t outrage1 by effect+ its av[$ object1 to invite f>!r aggressions on y\r rights4 ,! *airman ( ! committee boa/$ t ! numb] ( petition]s ! pres5t session1 = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 0 only ?irty-f\r ?\s&6 ,let u resolve1 we besee* y1 t at ! next session ! numb] %all be ,a ,,million4 ,p]haps our "o hundr$ & sev5te5 repres5tatives w !n ab&on 9 despair _! pres5t dang]\s & uncon/itutional exp$i5t = tranquiliz+ ! public m9d4 ,! purpose ( ?is address1 is n to urge ^u y our own views ( ! s9fulness ( slav]y1 & ! safety ( its imm$iate abolition2 b to call y\r att5tion to ! conduct ( y\r rul]s4 ,let no "o ?9k = a mom5t1 t because he is n an abolitioni/1 8 lib]ties are n & w n be invad$4 ,we h no rights1 di/9ct f ! rights ( ! :ole p4 ,calumny1 falsehood1 & popul> viol5ce1 h be5 employ$ 9 va91 to tranquilize abolitioni/s4 ,x is n[ propos$ to soo! !m1 by despoil+ !m ( _! ,con/itutional rights2 b !y _c be despoil$ alone4 ,! "r ( petition & ! fre$om ( debate are z sacr$ & valuable to ^? :o diss5t f our op9ions1 z !y are to ourselves4 ,c ! ,con/itution at ! same "t secure lib]ty to y1 & expose u to oppression--give y fre$om ( spee*1 & lock our lips--respect y\r "r ( petition1 & treat ours ) contempt8 ,no1 fell[ c\ntrym56--we mu/ be all free1 or all slaves toge!r4 ,we implore y1 !n1 by all ! obligations ( int]e/1 ( patriotism1 & ( religion--by ! remembrance ( y\r ,fa!rs--by y\r love = y\r *ildr51 to unite ) u 9 ma9ta9+ our common1 & till lately1 our unque/ion$ political rights4 ,we ask y z m5 to insi/ t y\r s]vants act+ z ! local legislators ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 %all respect ! common rights & dec5cies ( humanity4--,we ask y z freem51 n to p]mit y\r con/itutional privileges to be trifl$ )1 by ^? :o h sworn to ma9ta9 !m4--,we ask y z ,*ri/ian m51 to rememb] t by sanction+ ! s9ful acts ( y\r ag5ts1 y y\rselves assume _! guilt4 ,we h no c&idates to recomm5d to y\r favor--we ask n y\r support = any political p>ty2 b we d ask y to give y\r suffrages h]eaft] only to su* m5 z y h reason to believe w n sacrifice y\r rights1 & _! own obligations1 & ! claims ( m]cy & ! comm&s ( ,god1 to an iniquit\s & m]c5>y ,,compact4 ,if we _c h nor!rn ,presid5ts & o!r (fic]s ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t except 9 ex*ange = fre$om ( consci5ce1 ( spee*1 ( ! press & ( legislation1 !n let all ! appo9tm5ts at ,wa%+ton be giv5 to ! ,s\?4 ,if slavehold]s w n trade ) u1 unless we cons5t to be slaves ourselves1 !n let u leave _! money1 & _! sug>1 & _! cotton1 to p]i% ) !m4 ,fell[ c\ntrym56 we wi%1 we recomm5d no action :atev]1 inconsi/5t ) ! laws & con/itutions ( our c\ntry1 or ! precepts ( our common religion1 b we besee* y to jo9 ) u 9 resolv+1 t :ile we w respect ! rights ( o!rs1 we w at e haz>d ma9ta9 our own4 ,9 behalf ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,,ar?ur ,,tappan1 ,,wm4 ,,jay1 ,,jno4 ,,rank91 ,,lewis ,,tappan1 ,s4,s4 ,,jocelyn1 ,s4,e4 ,,corni%1 ,executive ,committee4 ,,jo%ua ,,leavitt1 _/ ,,abraham ,l4 ,,cox1 _/ ,,amos ,a4 ,,phelps1 _/ ,,la ,,roy ,,sund]l&1 _/ ,,!o4 ,s4 ,,wright1 _/ ,,elizur ,,wright1 ,,jr4 _/ 99 99 99 99 99 ,publi%$ by ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 corn] ( ,spruce & ,nassau ,/reets4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,septemb] #ahcf4 ,no4 #b4 ,,appeal ,,to ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,wom5 ,,( ,,! ,,s\?1 ,,by ,a4,e4 ,,grimk4 ,!n ,mordecai comm&$ to answ] ,e/h]1 ,?9k n )9 ?yself t ?\ %alt escape 9 ! k+'s h\se m ?an all ! ,jews4 ,= if ?\ altoge!r holde/ ?y peace at ?is "t1 !n %all !re enl>gem5t & deliv]ance arise to ! ,jews f ano!r place3 b ?\ & ?y fa!r's h\se %all be de/roy$3 & :o kn[e? :e!r ?\ art come to ! k+dom = su* a "t z ?is4 ,& ,e/h] bade !m return ,mordecai ?is answ]3--& s w ,i g 9 unto ! k+1 :i* is n accord+ to law1 & if ,i p]i%1 ,i p]i%4 ,e/h] ,,iv4 #ac-af4 ,,respect$ ,,fri5ds1 ,x is because ,i feel a deep & t5d] int]e/ 9 y\r pres5t & et]nal welf>e t ,i am will+ ?us publicly to address y4 ,"s ( y h lov$ me z a relative1 & "s h felt b\nd to me 9 ,*ri/ian sympa?y1 & ,gospel fell[%ip2 & ev5 :5 compell$ by a /rong s5se ( duty1 to break ^? outw>d bonds ( union :i* b\nd u toge!r z memb]s ( ! same community1 & memb]s ( ! same religi\s d5om9ation1 y 7 g5]\s en\gh to give me cr$it1 = s9c]ity z a ,*ri/ian1 ?\gh y believ$ ,i _h be5 mo/ /rangely deceiv$4 ,i ?ank$ y !n = y\r k9dness1 & ,i ask y n[1 = ! sake ( =m] confid5ce1 & =m] fri5d%ip1 to read ! foll[+ pages 9 ! _s ( calm inve/igation & f]v5t pray]4 ,x is because y h kn[n me1 t ,i write ?us unto y4 ,b !re are o!r ,*ri/ian wom5 scatt]$ ov] ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & ( ^!1 a v l>ge numb] h nev] se5 me1 & nev] he>d my "n1 & feel no p]sonal int]e/ :atev] 9 me4 ,b ,i feel an int]e/ 9 y1 z bran*es ( ! same v9e f ^: root ,i daily draw ! pr9ciple ( spiritual vitality--,yes6 ,si/]s 9 ,*ri/ ,i feel an int]e/ 9 y1 & (t5 has ! secret pray] aris5 on y\r behalf1 ,"l op5 ?\ _! eyes t !y may see wondr\s ?+s out ( ?y ,law--,x is !n1 because ,i d feel & d pray = y1 t ,i ?us address y ^u a subject ab\t :i* ( all o!rs1 p]haps y w\ld r n he> any ?+2 b1 w\ld to ,god ye c\ld be> ) me a little 9 my folly1 & inde$ be> ) me1 = ,i am jeal\s ov] y ) godly jeal\sy4 ,be n afraid !n to read my appeal2 x is n writt5 9 ! heat ( passion or prejudice1 b 9 t solemn calmness :i* is ! result ( conviction & duty4 ,x is true1 ,i am go+ to tell y unwelcome tru?s1 b ,i mean to speak ^? tru?s 9 love1 & rememb] ,solomon says1 fai?ful are ! w\nds ( a fri5d4 ,i d n believe ! "t has yet come :5 ,*ri/ian wom5 w n endure s\nd doctr9e1 ev5 on ! subject ( ,slav]y1 if x is spok5 to !m 9 t5d]ness & love1 !re=e ,i n[ address y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,po/age4--,?is p]iodical conta9s f\r & a half %eets4 ,po/age "u #ajj miles1 #f #c-d c5ts2 ov] #ajj miles1 #aa #a-d c5ts4 ,please read & circulate4 ,to all ( y !n1 kn[n or unkn[n1 relatives or /rang]s1 7= y are all "o to ,*ri/17 ,i w\ld speak4 ,i h felt = y at ?is "t1 :5 unwelcome light is p\r+ 9 ^u ! _w on ! subject ( slav]y2 light :i* ev5 ,*ri/ians w\ld exclude1 if !y c\ld1 f our c\ntry1 or at any rate f ! s\!rn portion ( x1 say+1 z its rays /rike ! rock b\nd coa/s ( ,new ,engl& & scatt] _! w>m? & radiance ov] h] hills & valleys1 & f !nce travel onw>d ov] ! ,palisades ( ! ,hudson1 & d[n ! s(t fl[+ wat]s ( ! ,delaw>e & gild ! waves ( ! ,potomac1 hi!rto %alt ?\ come & no fur!r2 ,i "k t ev5 pr(essors ( ,8 "n :o has be5 emphatically call$ ! ,light ( ! _w w\ld1 if !y c\ld1 build a wall ( adamant ar\nd ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ^: top might rea* unto heav51 9 ord] to %ut out ! light :i* is b\nd+ f m\nta9 to m\nta9 & f ! hills to ! pla9s & valleys b5ea?1 ?r\gh ! va/ ext5t ( our ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,b believe me1 :5 ,i tell y1 _! attempts w be z utt]ly fruitless z 7 ! ef=ts ( ! build]s ( ,babel2 & :y8 ,because moral1 l natural light1 is s extremely subtle 9 its nature z to ov]leap all human b>ri]s1 & laugh at ! puny ef=ts ( man to control x4 ,all ! excuses & palliations ( ?is sy/em mu/ inevitably be swept away1 j z o!r refuges ( lies h be51 by ! irresi/ible torr5t ( a rectifi$ public op9ion4 ,! support]s ( ! slave sy/em1 says ,jona?an ,dymond 9 8 admirable "w on ! ,pr9ciples ( ,morality1 w h]eaft] be reg>d$ ) ! same public feel+1 z he :o 0 an advocate = ! slave trade n[ is4 ,x w be1 & t v soon1 cle>ly p]ceiv$ & fully ackn[l$g$ by all ! virtu\s & ! c&id1 t 9 pr9ciple x is z s9ful to hold a human be+ 9 bondage :o has be5 born 9 ,c>ol9a1 z "o :o has be5 born 9 ,africa4 ,all t sophi/ry ( argum5t :i* has be5 employ$ to prove1 t al?\gh x is s9ful to s5d to ,africa to procure m5 & wom5 z slaves1 :o h nev] be5 9 slav]y1 t /ill1 x is n s9ful to keep ^? 9 bondage :o h come d[n by inh]itance1 w be utt]ly ov]?r[n4 ,we mu/ come back to ! good old doctr9e ( our =efa!rs :o decl>$ to ! _w1 ?is self evid5t tru? t all m5 are creat$ equal1 & t !y h c]ta9 inali5able rights among :i* are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,x is ev5 a great] absurdity to suppose a man c be legally born a slave "u our free ,republican ,gov]nm5t1 ?an "u ! petty despotisms ( b>b>ian ,africa4 ,if !n1 we h no "r to enslave an ,african1 surely we c h none to enslave an ,am]ican2 if x is a self evid5t tru? t all m51 e :]e & ( e color are born equal1 & h an inali5able "r to lib]ty1 !n x is equally true t no man c be born a slave1 & no man c ev] rightfully be r$uc$ to involunt>y bondage & held z a slave1 h[ev] fair may be ! claim ( 8 ma/] or mi/ress ?r\gh wills & title-de$s4 ,b aft] all1 x may be said1 our fa!rs 7 c]ta9ly mi/ak51 = ! ,bible sanctions ,slav]y1 & t is ! highe/ au?ority4 ,n[ ! ,bible is my ultimate appeal 9 all matt]s ( fai? & practice1 & x is to ?is te/ ,i am anxi\s to br+ ! subject at issue betwe5 u4 ,let u !n beg9 ) ,adam & exam9e ! *>t] ( privileges :i* 0 giv5 to him4 ,h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air1 & ov] e liv+ ?+ t move? ^u ! e>?4 ,9 ! eigh? ,psalm we h a /ill full] description ( ?is *>t] :i* ?r\gh ,adam 0 giv5 to all mank9d4 ,?\ made/ him to h dom9ion ov] ! works ( ?y h&s2 ?\ ha/ put all ?+s "u 8 feet4 ,all %eep & ox51 yea1 & ! bea/s ( ! field1 ! f[l ( ! air1 ! fi% ( ! sea1 & :atsoev] passe? ?r\gh ! pa?s ( ! seas4 ,& aft] ! flood :5 ?is *>t] ( human rights 0 r5ew$1 we f9d no additional p[] ve/$ 9 man4 ,& ! fe> ( y & ! dread ( y %all be ^u e bea/ ( ! e>?1 & e f[l ( ! air1 & ^u all t move? ^u ! e>?1 & ^u all ! fi%es ( ! sea1 into y\r h& are !y deliv]$4 ,9 ?is *>t]1 al?\gh ! diff]5t k9ds ( irrational be+s are s p>ticul>ly enum]at$1 & supreme dom9ion ov] all ( !m is grant$1 yet man is nev] ve/$ ) ?is dom9ion ov] 8 fell[ man2 he 0 nev] told t any ( ! human species 7 put "u 8 feet2 x 0 only all ?+s1 & man1 :o 0 creat$ 9 ! image ( 8 ,mak]1 nev] c prop]ly be t]m$ a ?+1 ?\gh ! laws ( ,slave ,/ates d call him a *attel p]sonal2 ,man !n1 ,i ass]t nev] 0 put "u ! feet ( man1 by t fir/ *>t] ( human rights :i* 0 giv5 by ,god1 to ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,ant$iluvian & ,po/diluvian worlds1 !re=e ?is doctr9e ( equality is bas$ on ! ,bible4 ,b x may be argu$1 t 9 ! v *apt] ( ,g5esis f :i* ,i h la/ quot$1 w be f\nd ! curse pron\nc$ ^u ,canaan1 by :i* 8 po/]ity 0 consign$ to s]vitude "u 8 bro!rs ,%em & ,japhe?4 ,i "k ?is prophecy 0 utt]$1 & 0 mo/ fe>fully & wond]fully fulfill$1 ?r\gh ! imm$iate desc5dants ( ,canaan1 i4e4 ! ,canaanites1 & ,i d n "k b x has be5 ?r\gh all ! *ildr5 ( ,ham1 b ,i d "k t prophecy does n tell u :at ought to be1 b :at actually does take place1 ages aft] x has be5 deliv]$1 & t if we ju/ify ,am]ica = enslav+ ! *ildr5 ( ,africa1 we mu/ also ju/ify ,egypt = r$uc+ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel to bondage1 = ! latt] 0 =etold z explicitly z ! =m]4 ,i am well aw>e t prophecy has (t5 be5 urg$ z an excuse = ,slav]y1 b be n deceiv$1 ! fulfillm5t ( prophecy w n cov] "o s9 9 ! awful day ( acc\nt4 ,he> :at our ,savi\r says on ?is subject2 x mu/ ne$s be t (f5ces come1 b woe unto t man ?r\gh :om !y come--,witness "s fulfillm5t ( ?is decl>ation 9 ! trem5d\s de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 occasion$ by t mo/ nef>i\s ( all crimes ! crucifixion ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,did ! fact ( t ev5t hav+ be5 =etold1 exculpate ! ,jews f s9 9 p]petrat+ x2 ,no--= he> :at ! ,apo/le ,pet] says to !m on ?is subject1 ,him be+ deliv]$ by ! det]m9ate c\nsel & =ekn[l$ge ( ,god1 ye h tak51 & by wick$ h&s h crucifi$ & sla94 ,o!r /rik+ in/ances might be adduc$1 b ^! w suffice4 ,b x has be5 urg$ t ! patri>*s held slaves1 & !re=e1 slav]y is "r4 ,d y really believe t patri>*al s]vitude 0 l ,am]ican slav]y8 ,c y believe x8 ,if s1 read ! hi/ory ( ^! primitive fa!rs ( ! *ur* & be undeceiv$4 ,look at ,abraham1 ?\gh s great a man1 go+ to ! h]d himself & fet*+ a calf f !nce & s]v+ x up ) 8 own h&s1 = ! ent]ta9m5t ( 8 gue/s4 ,look at ,s>ah1 t pr9cess z h] "n signifies1 bak+ cakes ^u ! he>?4 ,if ! s]vants !y _h 7 l ,s\!rn slaves1 w\ld !y h p]=m$ su* comp>atively m5ial (fices = !mselves8 ,he> too ! pla9tive lam5tation ( ,abraham :5 he fe>$ he %\ld h no son to be> 8 "n d[n to po/]ity4 ,behold ?\ ha/ giv5 me no se$1 c41 "o born 9 my h\se is m9e heir4 ,f ?is x appe>s t "o ( 8 s]vants 0 to inh]it 8 imm5se e/ate4 ,is ?is l ,s\!rn slav]y8 ,i leave x to y\r own good s5se & c&or to decide4 ,besides1 su* 0 ! foot+ ^u :i* ,abraham 0 ) 8 s]vants1 t he tru/$ !m ) arms4 ,are slavehold]s will+ to put swords & pi/ols into ! h&s ( _! slaves8 ,he 0 z a fa!r among 8 s]vants2 :at are plant]s & ma/]s g5]ally among !irs8 ,:5 ! in/itution ( circumcision 0 e/abli%$1 ,abraham 0 comm&$ ?us2 ,he t is eight days old %all be circumcis$ among y1 e man-*ild 9 y\r g5]ations2 he t is born 9 ! h\se1 or b\ght ) money ( any /rang] :i* is n ( ?y se$4 ,& to r5d] ?is comm& ) reg>d to 8 s]vants /ill m impressive x is repeat$ 9 ! v next v]se2 & h]e9 we may p]ceive ! great c>e :i* 0 tak5 by ,god to gu>d ! rights ( s]vants ev5 "u ?is d>k disp5sation4 ,:at too 0 ! te/imony giv5 to ! fai?fulness ( ?is em95t patri>*4 ,= ,i "k him t he w comm& 8 *ildr5 & 8 h\sehold aft] him1 & !y %all keep ! way ( ! ,"l to d ju/ice & judgm5t4 ,n[ my de> fri5ds _m ( y believe t circumcision has be5 sup]s$$ by baptism 9 ! ,*ur*2 ,are y c>eful to h all t are born 9 y\r h\se or b\ght ) money ( any /rang]1 baptiz$8 ,are y z fai?ful z ,abraham to comm& y\r h\sehold to keep ! way ( ! ,"l8 ,i leave x to y\r own consci5ces to decide4 ,0 patri>*al s]vitude !n l ,am]ican ,slav]y8 ,b ,i %all be told1 ,god sanction$ ,slav]y1 yea comm&$ ,slav]y "u ! ,jewi% ,disp5sation4 ,let u exam9e ?is subject calmly & pray]fully4 ,i admit t a species ( s]vitude 0 p]mitt$ to ! ,jews1 b 9 /udy+ ! subject ,i h be5 /ruck ) wond] & admiration at p]ceiv+ h[ c>efully ! s]vant 0 gu>d$ f viol5ce1 inju/ice & wrong4 ,i w fir/ in=m y h[ ^! s]vants became s]vants1 = ,i ?9k ?is a v important "p ( our subject4 ,f consult+ ,horne1 ,calmet & ! ,bible1 ,i f9d !re 7 six diff]5t ways by :i* ! ,hebrews became s]vants legally4 #a4 ,if r$uc$ to extreme pov]ty1 a ,hebrew might sell himself1 i4e4 8 s]vices1 = six ye>s1 9 :i* case he receiv$ ! pur*ase money himself4 ,lev4 xxv1 #ci4 #b4 ,a fa!r might sell 8 *ildr5 z s]vants1 i4e4 8 daught]s1 9 :i* circum/ance x 0 und]/ood ! daught] 0 to be ! wife or daught]-9-law ( ! man :o b\ght h]1 & ! fa!r receiv$ ! price4 ,9 o!r words1 ,jewi% wom5 7 sold z :ite wom5 7 9 ! fir/ settlem5t ( ,virg9ia--z wives1 n z slaves4 ,ex4 xxi1 #g4 #c4 ,insolv5t debtors might be deliv]$ to _! cr$itors z s]vants4 #b ,k+s iv1 #a4 #d4 ,?ieves n able to make re/itution = _! !fts1 7 sold = ! b5efit ( ! injur$ p]son4 ,ex4 xxii1 #c4 #e4 ,!y might be born 9 s]vitude4 ,ex4 xxi1 #d4 #f4 ,if a ,hebrew _h sold himself to a ri* ,g5tile1 he might be r$eem$ by "o ( 8 bre?r5 at any "t ! money 0 (f]$2 & he :o r$eem$ him1 0 n to take advantage ( ! favor ?us conf]r$1 & rule ov] him ) rigor4 ,lev4 xxv1 #dg-ee4 ,be=e go+ into an exam9ation ( ! laws by :i* ^! s]vants 7 protect$1 ,i w\ld j ask :e!r ,am]ican slaves h become slaves 9 any ( ! ways 9 :i* ! ,hebrews became s]vants4 ,did !y sell !mselves into slav]y & receive ! pur*ase money into _! own h&s8 ,no6 ,did !y become insolv5t1 & by _! own imprud5ce subject !mselves to be sold z slaves8 ,no6 ,did !y /eal ! prop]ty ( ano!r1 & 7 !y sold to make re/itution = _! crimes8 ,no6 ,did _! pres5t ma/]s1 z an act ( k9dness1 r$eem !m f "s hea!n tyrant to :om !y _h sold !mselves 9 ! d>k h\r ( adv]sity8 ,no6 ,7 !y born 9 slav]y8 ,no6 ,no6 n accord+ to ,jewi% ,law1 = ! s]vants :o 7 born 9 s]vitude among !m1 7 born ( p>5ts :o _h sold !mselves = six ye>s3 ,ex4 xxi1 #d4 ,7 ! female slaves ( ! ,s\? sold by _! fa!rs8 ,h[ %all ,i answ] ?is "q8 ,?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s nev] 71 _! fa!rs nev] h receiv$ ! poor comp5sation ( silv] or gold = ! te>s & toils1 ! suff]+1 & angui%1 & hopeless bondage ( _! daught]s4 ,!y labor day by day1 & ye> by ye>1 side by side1 9 ! same field1 if haply _! daught]s are p]mitt$ to rema9 on ! same plantation ) !m1 in/ead ( be+ z !y (t5 are1 sep>at$ f _! p>5ts & sold into di/ant /ates1 nev] aga9 to meet on e>?4 ,b d ! fa!rs ( ! ,s\? ev] sell _! daught]s8 ,my he>t beats1 & my h& trembles1 z ,i write ! awful affirmative1 ,yes6 ,! fa!rs ( ?is ,*ri/ian l& (t5 sell _! daught]s1 n z ,jewi% p>5ts did1 to be ! wives & daught]s-9-law ( ! man :o buys !m1 b to be ! abject slaves ( petty tyrants & irresponsible ma/]s4 ,is x n s1 my fri5ds8 ,i leave x to y\r own c&or to corroborate my ass]tion4 ,s\!rn slaves !n h n become slaves 9 any ( ! six diff]5t ways 9 :i* ,hebrews became s]vants1 & ,i hesitate n to say t ,am]ican ma/]s _c accord+ to ,jewi% law sub/antiate _! claim to ! m51 wom51 or *ildr5 !y n[ hold 9 bondage4 ,b !re 0 "o way 9 :i* a ,jew might illegally be r$uc$ to s]vitude2 x 0 ?is1 he might he /ol5 & aft]w>ds sold z a slave1 z 0 ,joseph4 ,to gu>d mo/ effectually aga9/ ?is dreadful crime ( man/eal+1 ,god enact$ ?is sev]e law4 ,he t /eale? a man & selle? him1 or if he be f\nd 9 8 h&1 he %all surely be put to dea?,a4 ,z ,i h tri$ ,am]ican ,slav]y by legal ,hebrew s]vitude1 & f\nd1 7to y\r surprise1 p]haps17 t ,jewi% law _c ju/ify ! slavehold]'s claim1 let u n[ try x by illegal ,hebrew bondage4 ,h ! ,s\!rn slaves !n be5 /ol58 ,if !y did n sell !mselves into bondage2 if !y 7 n sold z insolv5t debtors or z ?ieves2 if !y 7 n r$eem$ f a hea!n ma/] to :om !y _h sold !mselves2 if !y 7 n born 9 s]vitude accord+ to ,hebrew law2 & if ! females 7 n sold by _! fa!rs z wives & daught]s-9-law to ^? :o pur*as$ !m2 !n :at %all we say ( !m8 :at c we say ( !m8 b t accord+ to ,hebrew ,law !y h be5 /ol54 ,footnote ,a3 ,& aga91 ,if a man be f\nd /eal+ any ( 8 bre?r5 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & make? m]*&ise ( him1 or selle? him2 !n t ?ief %all die1 & ?\ %alt put away evil f among y4 ,deut4 xxiv1 #g4 ,b ,i %all be told t ! ,jews _h o!r s]vants :o 7 absolute slaves4 ,let u look a little into ?is also4 ,!y _h o!r s]vants :o 7 procur$ 9 two diff]5t ways4 #a4 ,captives tak5 9 w> 7 r$uc$ to bondage in/ead ( be+ kill$2 b we are n told t _! *ildr5 7 enslav$4 ,deut4 xx1 #ad4 #b4 ,bondm5 & bondmaids might be b\ght f ! hea!n r\nd ab\t !m2 ^! 7 left by fa!rs to _! *ildr5 aft] !m1 b x does n appe> t ! *ildr5 ( ^! s]vants ev] 7 r$uc$ to s]vitude4 ,lev4 xxv1 #dd4 ,i w n[ try ! "r ( ! s\!rn plant] by ! claims ( ,hebrew ma/]s ov] _! hea!n slaves4 ,7 ! s\!rn slaves tak5 captive 9 w>8 ,no6 ,7 !y b\ght f ! hea!n8 ,no6 = surely1 no "o w n[ v9dicate ! slave-trade s f> z to ass]t t slaves 7 b\ght f ! hea!n :o 7 obta9$ by t sy/em ( piracy4 ,! only excuse = hold+ s\!rn slaves is t !y 7 born 9 slav]y1 b we h se5 t !y 7 n born 9 s]vitude z ,jewi% s]vants 71 & t ! *ildr5 ( hea!n slaves 7 n legally subject$ to bondage ev5 "u ! ,mosaic ,law4 ,h[ !n h ! slaves ( ! ,s\? be5 obta9$8 ,i w next proce$ to an exam9ation ( ^? laws :i* 7 enact$ 9 ord] to protect ! ,hebrew & ! ,hea!n s]vant2 = ,i wi% y to und]/& t bo? are protect$ by ,him1 ( :om x is said 8 m]cies are ov] all 8 works4 ,i w fir/ speak ( ^? :i* secur$ ! rights ( ,hebrew s]vants4 ,?is code 0 head$ ?us3 #a4 ,?\ %alt n rule ov] him ) rigor1 b %alt fe> ?y ,god4 #b4 ,if ?\ buy a ,hebrew s]vant1 six ye>s %all he s]ve1 & 9 ! sev5? ye> he %all g out free = no?+4 ,ex4 xx1 #b;,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,& :5 ?\ s5de/ him out free f !e1 ?\ %alt n let him g away empty3 ,?\ %alt furni% him lib]ally out ( ?y flock & out ( ?y floor1 & out ( ?y w9e-press3 ( t :]e) ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? bless$ !e1 %alt ?\ give unto him4 ,deut4 xv1 #ac1 #ad4 #c4 ,if he come 9 by himself1 he %all g out by himself2 if he 7 m>ri$1 !n 8 wife %all g out ) him4 #d4 ,if 8 ma/] h giv5 him a wife & %e h borne him sons & daught]s1 ! wife & h] *ildr5 %all be 8 ma/]'s1 & he %all g out by himself4 #e4 ,if ! s]vant %all pla9ly say1 ,i love my ma/]1 my wife1 & my *ildr52 ,i w n g out free2 !n 8 ma/] %all br+ him unto ! ,judges1 & he %all br+ him to ! door1 or unto ! door-po/1 & 8 ma/] %all bore 8 e> ?r\gh ) an awl1 & he %all s]ve him =ev]4 ,ex4 xxi1 #c-f4 #f4 ,if a man smite ! eye ( 8 s]vant1 or ! eye ( 8 maid1 t x p]i%1 he %all let him g free = 8 eye's sake4 ,& if he smite out 8 man s]vant's too? or 8 maid s]vant's too?1 he %all let him g free = 8 too?'s sake4 ,ex4 xxi1 #bf1 #bg4 #g4 ,on ! ,sabba? re/ 0 secur$ to s]vants by ! f\r? comm&m5t4 ,ex4 xx1 #aj4 #h4 ,s]vants 7 p]mitt$ to unite ) _! ma/]s ?ree times 9 e ye> 9 celebrat+ ! ,passov]1 ! fea/ ( ,p5teco/1 & ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles2 e male ?r\gh\t ! l& 0 to appe> be=e ! ,"l at ,j]usalem ) a gift2 "h ! bond & ! free /ood on common gr\nd4 ,deut4 xvi4 #i4 ,if a man smite 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 he %all be surely puni%$4 ,not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two1 he %all n be puni%$1 = he is 8 money4 ,ex4 xxi1 #bj1 #ba4 ,f ^! laws we le>n t ,hebrew m5 s]vants 7 b\nd to s]ve _! ma/]s only six ye>s1 unless _! atta*m5t to _! employ]s1 _! wives & *ildr51 %\ld induce !m to wi% to rema9 9 s]vitude1 9 :i* case1 9 ord] to prev5t ! possibility ( deception on ! "p ( ! ma/]1 ! s]vant 0 fir/ tak5 be=e ! magi/rate1 :]e he op5ly decl>$ 8 int5tion ( cont9u+ 9 8 ma/]'s s]vice1 7probably a public regi/] 0 kept ( su*7 he 0 !n conduct$ to ! door ( ! h\se1 79 w>m climates doors are ?r[n op517 & !re 8 e> 0 publicly bor$1 & by submitt+ to ?is op]ation he te/ifi$ 8 will+ness to s]ve him =ev]1 i4e4 dur+ 8 life1 = ,jewi% ,rabb9s :o mu/ h und]/ood ,jewi% slav]y1 7z x is call$17 affirm t s]vants 7 set free at ! dea? ( _! ma/]s & did n desc5d to _! heirs3 or t he 0 to s]ve him until ! ye> ( ,jubilee1 :5 all s]vants 7 set at lib]ty4 ,to protect s]vants f viol5ce1 x 0 orda9$ t if a ma/] /ruck out ! too? or de/roy$ ! eye ( a s]vant1 t s]vant imm$iately became free1 = su* an act ( viol5ce evid5tly %[$ he 0 unfit to possess ! p[] ( a ma/]1 & !re=e t p[] 0 tak5 f him4 ,all s]vants enjoy$ ! re/ ( ! ,sabba? & p>took ( ! privileges & fe/ivities ( ! ?ree great ,jewi% ,fea/s2 & if a s]vant di$ "u ! infliction ( *a/isem5t1 8 ma/] 0 surely to be puni%$4 ,z a too? = a too? & life = life 0 ! ,jewi% law1 ( c\rse he 0 puni%$ ) dea?4 ,i "k t great /ress has be5 laid ^u ! foll[+ v]se3 ,not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two1 he %all n be puni%$1 = he is 8 money4 ,slavehold]s1 & ! apologi/s ( slav]y1 h eag]ly seiz$ ^u ?is little passage ( scripture1 & held x up z ! ma/]s' ,magna ,*>ta1 by :i* !y 7 lic5s$ by ,god himself to commit ! greate/ outrages ^u ! def5celess victims ( _! oppression4 ,b1 my fri5ds1 0 x design$ to be s8 ,if our ,heav5ly ,fa!r w\ld protect by law ! eye & ! too? ( a ,hebrew s]vant1 c we = a mom5t believe t he w\ld ab&on t same s]vant to ! brutal rape ( a ma/] :o w\ld de/roy ev5 life itself4 ,d we n r see 9 ?is1 ! only law :i* protect$ ma/]s1 & 0 x n "r t 9 case ( ! dea? ( a s]vant1 "o or two days aft] *a/isem5t 0 inflict$1 to :i* o!r circum/ances might h contribut$1 t ! ma/] %\ld be protect$ :51 9 all probability1 he nev] int5d$ to produce s fatal a result8 ,b ! phrase he is 8 money has be5 adduc$ to %[ t ,hebrew s]vants 7 reg>d$ z m]e ?+s1 *attels p]sonal2 if s1 :y 7 s _m laws made to secure _! rights z m51 & to ensure _! ris+ into equality & fre$om8 ,if !y 7 m]e ?+s1 :y 7 !y reg>d$ z responsible be+s1 & "o law made = !m z well z = _! ma/]s8 ,b ,i pass on n[ to ! consid]ation ( h[ ! female ,jewi% s]vants 7 protect$ by law4 #a4 ,if %e please n h] ma/]1 :o ha? betro!d h] to himself1 !n %all he let h] be r$eem$3 to sell h] unto ano!r nation he %all h no p[]1 see+ he ha? dealt deceitfully ) h]4 #b4 ,if he h betro!d h] unto 8 son1 he %all deal ) h] aft] ! mann] ( daught]s4 #c4 ,if he take him ano!r wife1 h] food1 h] raim5t1 & h] duty ( m>riage1 %all he n dim9i%4 #d4 ,if he d n ^! ?ree unto h]1 !n %all %e g out free )\t money4 ,on ^! laws ,i w give y ,calmet's rem>ks2 ,a fa!r c\ld n sell 8 daught] z a slave1 accord+ to ! ,rabb9s1 until %e 0 at ! age ( pub]ty1 & unless he 7 r$uc$ to ! utmo/ indig5ce4 ,besides1 :5 a ma/] b\ght an ,israeliti% girl1 x 0 always ) ! presumption t he w\ld take h] to wife4 ,h5ce ,moses adds1 if %e please n h] ma/]1 & he does n ?9k fit to m>ry h]1 he %all set h] at lib]ty1 or accord+ to ! ,hebrew1 he %all let h] be r$eem$4 ,to sell h] to ano!r nation he %all h no p[]1 see+ he ha? dealt deceitfully ) h]2 z to ! engagem5t impli$1 at lea/ ( tak+ h] to wife4 ,if he h betro!d h] unto 8 son1 he %all deal ) h] aft] ! mann] ( daught]s1 i4e4 he %all take c>e t 8 son uses h] z 8 wife1 t he does n despise or maltreat h]4 ,if he make 8 son m>ry ano!r wife1 he %all give h] h] d[ry1 h] clo!s & comp5sation = h] virg9ity2 if he does none ( ^! ?ree1 %e %all g out free )\t money4 ,?us 7 ! rights ( female s]vants c>efully secur$ by law "u ! ,jewi% ,disp5sation2 & n[ ,i w\ld ask1 are ! rights ( female slaves at ! ,s\? ?us secur$8 ,are !y sold only z wives & daught]s-9-law1 & :5 n treat$ z su*1 are !y all[$ to g out free8 ,no6 ,!y h all n only be5 illegally obta9$ z s]vants accord+ to ,hebrew law1 b !y are also illegally held 9 bondage4 ,ma/]s at ! ,s\? & ,we/ h all =feit$ _! claims1 7if !y ev] _h any17 to _! female slaves4 ,we come n[ to exam9e ! case ( ^? s]vants :o 7 ( ! hea!n r\nd ab\t2 ,7 !y left entirely unprotect$ by law8 ,horne 9 speak+ ( ! law1 ,?\ %alt n rule ov] him ) rigor1 b %alt fe> ?y ,god1 rem>ks1 ?is law ,lev4 xxv1 #dc2 x is true speaks expressly ( slaves :o 7 ( ,hebrew desc5t2 b z ali5 born slaves 7 +raft$ into ! ,hebrew ,*ur* by circumcision1 !re is no d\bt b t x appli$ to all slaves2 if s1 !n we may reasonably suppose t ! o!r protective laws ext5d$ to !m also2 & t ! only diff]5ce betwe5 ,hebrew & ,hea!n s]vants lay 9 ?is1 t ! =m] s]v$ b six ye>s unless !y *ose to rema9 long]2 & 7 always fre$ at ! dea? ( _! ma/]s2 :]eas ! latt] s]v$ until ! ye> ( ,jubilee1 ?\gh t might include a p]iod ( =ty-n9e ye>s1--& 7 left f fa!r to son4 ,!re are h[ev] two o!r laws :i* ,i h n yet notic$4 ,! "o effectually prev5t$ all involunt>y s]vitude1 & ! o!r completely aboli%$ ,jewi% s]vitude e fifty ye>s4 ,!y 7 equally op]ative ^u ! ,hea!n & ! ,hebrew4 #a4 ,?\ %all n deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant t is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto !e4 ,he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose1 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/3 ?\ %all n oppress him4 ,deut4 xxxiii2 #ae1 #af4 #b4 ,& ye %all hall[ ! fiftie? ye>1 & proclaim ,lib]ty ?r\gh\t all ! l&1 unto all ! inhabitants !re(3 x %all be a jubilee unto y4 ,deut4 xxv1 #aj4 ,"h1 !n1 we see t by ?is fir/ law1 ! door ( ,fre$om 0 op5$ wide to e s]vant :o _h any cause :atev] = compla9t2 if he 0 unhappy ) 8 ma/]1 all he _h to d 0 to leave him1 & no man _h a "r to deliv] him back to him aga91 & n only s1 b ! abscond$ s]vant 0 to *oose :]e he %\ld live1 & no ,jew 0 p]mitt$ to oppress him4 ,he left 8 ma/] j z our ,nor!rn s]vants leave u2 we h no p[] to compel !m to rema9 ) u1 & no man has any "r to oppress !m2 !y g & dwell 9 t place :]e x *oose? !m1 & live j :]e !y l4 ,is x s at ! ,s\?8 ,is ! poor runaway slave protect$ by law f ! viol5ce ( t ma/] ^: oppression & cruelty has driv5 him f 8 plantation or 8 h\se8 ,no6 no6 ,ev5 ! free /ates ( ! ,nor? are compell$ to deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant t is escap$ f 8 ma/] into !m4 ,by human law1 "u ! ,*ri/ian ,disp5sation1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury we are comm&$ to d1 :at ,god m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 "u ! ,mosaic ,disp5sation1 positively comm&$ ! ,jews n to d4 ,9 ! wide doma9 ev5 ( our free /ates1 !re is n "o city ( refuge = ! poor runaway fugitive2 n "o spot ^u :i* he c /& & say1 ,i am a free man--,i am protect$ 9 my rights z a man1 by ! /rong arm ( ! law2 no6 n "o4 ,h[ long ! ,nor? w ?us %ake h&s ) ! ,s\? 9 s91 ,i "k n4 ,h[ long %e w /& by l ! p]secutor ,saul1 cons5t+ unto ! dea? ( ,/eph51 & keep+ ! raim5t ( !m t slew him1 ,i "k n2 b "o ?+ ,i d "k1 ! guilt ( ! ,nor? is increas+ 9 a trem5d\s ratio z light is p\r+ 9 ^u h] on ! subject & ! s9 ( slav]y4 ,z ! sun ( righte\sness climbs high] & high] 9 ! moral heav5s1 %e w /& /ill m & m aba%$ z ! qu]y is ?und]$ d[n into h] e>1 ,:o ha? requir$ ?is at ?y h&8 ,x w be f\nd no excuse !n t ! ,con/itution ( our c\ntry requir$ t p]sons b\nd to s]vice escap+ f _! ma/]s %\ld be deliv]$ up2 no m excuse ?an 0 ! reason :i* ,adam assign$ = eat+ ! =bidd5 fruit4 ,he 0 condemn$ & puni%$ because he he>k5$ to ! voice ( 8 wife1 r ?an to ! comm& ( 8 ,mak]2 & we w assur$ly be condemn$ & puni%$ = obey+ ,man r ?an ,god1 if we d n spe$ily rep5t & br+ =? fruits meet = rep5tance4 ,yea1 are we n receiv+ *a/isem5t ev5 n[8 ,b by ! second ( ^! laws a /ill m a/oni%+ fact is disclos$4 ,if ! fir/ effectually prev5t$ all involunt>y s]vitude1 ! la/ absolutely =bade ev5 volunt>y s]vitude be+ p]petual4 ,on ! great day ( atonem5t e fiftie? ye> ! ,jubilee trumpet 0 s\nd$ ?r\gh\t ! l& ( ,judea1 & ,lib]ty 0 proclaim$ to all ! inhabitants !re(4 ,i w n say t ! s]vants' *a9s fell (f & _! manacles 7 bur/1 = !re is no evid5ce t ,jewi% s]vants ev] felt ! weight ( iron *a9s1 & coll>s1 & h&cuffs2 b ,i d say t ev5 ! man :o _h volunt>ily sold himself & ! hea!n :o _h be5 sold to a ,hebrew ma/]1 7 set free1 ! "o z well z ! o!r4 ,?is law 0 evid5tly design$ to prev5t ! oppression ( ! poor1 & ! possibility ( su* a ?+ z p]petual s]vitude exi/+ among !m4 ,:]e1 !n1 ,i w\ld ask1 is ! w>rant1 ! ju/ification1 or ! palliation ( ,am]ican ,slav]y f ,hebrew s]vitude8 ,h[ _m ( ! s\!rn slaves w\ld n[ be 9 bondage accord+ to ! laws ( ,moses2 ,n "o4 ,y may obs]ve t ,i h c>efully avoid$ us+ ! t]m slav]y :5 speak+ ( ,jewi% s]vitude2 & simply = ?is reason1 t no su* ?+ exi/$ among t p2 ! ^w translat$ s]vant does n mean slave1 x is ! same t is appli$ to ,abraham1 to ,moses1 to ,eli%a & ! prophets g5]ally4 ,slav]y !n nev] exi/$ "u ! ,jewi% ,disp5sation at all1 & ,i _c b reg>d x z an asp]sion on ! "* ( ,him :o is glori\s 9 ,hol9ess = any "o to ass]t t ,god sanction$1 yea comm&$ slav]y "u ! old disp5sation4 ,i w\ld fa9 lift my feeble voice to v9dicate ,jehovah's "* f s f\l a sl&]4 ,if slavehold]s are det]m9$ to hold slaves z long z !y c1 let !m n d>e to say t ! ,god ( m]cy & ( tru? ev] sanction$ su* a sy/em ( cruelty & wrong4 ,x is blasphemy aga9/ ,him4 ,we h se5 t ! code ( laws fram$ by ,moses ) reg>d to s]vants 0 design$ to protect !m z m5 & wom51 to secure to !m _! rights z human be+s1 to gu>d !m f oppression & def5d !m f viol5ce ( e k9d4 ,let u n[ turn to ! ,slave laws ( ! ,s\? & ,we/ & exam9e !m too4 ,i w give y ! sub/ance only1 because ,i fe> ,i %all trespass too mu* on y\r "t1 7 ,i to quote !m at l5g?4 #a4 ,slav]y is h]$it>y & p]petual1 to ! la/ mom5t ( ! slave's e>?ly exi/5ce1 & to all 8 desc5dants to ! late/ po/]ity4 #b4 ,! labor ( ! slave is compulsory & uncomp5sat$2 :ile ! k9d ( labor1 ! am\nt ( toil1 ! "t all[$ = re/1 are dictat$ solely by ! ma/]4 ,no b>ga9 is made1 no wages giv54 ,a pure despotism gov]ns ! human brute2 & ev5 8 cov]+ & prov5d]1 bo? z to quantity & quality1 dep5d entirely on ! ma/]'s discretion,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,!re are laws 9 "s ( ! slave /ates1 limit+ ! labor :i* ! ma/] may require ( ! slave to f\rte5 h\rs daily4 ,9 "s ( ! /ates !re are laws requir+ ! ma/]s to furni% a c]ta9 am\nt ( food & clo?+1 z = in/ance1 "o qu>t ( corn p] day1 or "o peck p] week1 or "o bu%el p] mon?1 & "o l95 %irt & pantaloons = ! summ]1 & a l95 %irt & wool5 great coat & pantaloons = ! w9t]1 c4 ,b /ill1 to use ! language ( ,judge ,/r\d ! slave is entirely "u ! control ( 8 ma/]1--is unprovid$ ) a protector1--&1 especially z he _c be a witness or make compla9t 9 any kn[n mode aga9/ 8 ma/]1 ! app>5t object ( ^! laws may always be defeat$4 ,,ed4 #c4 ,! slave be+ consid]$ a p]sonal *attel may be sold or pl$g$1 or leas$ at ! w ( 8 ma/]4 ,he may be ex*ang$ = m>ketable commodities1 or tak5 9 execution = ! debts or taxes ei!r ( a liv+ or dead ma/]4 ,sold at auction1 ei!r individually1 or 9 lots to suit ! pur*as]1 he may rema9 ) 8 family1 or be sep>at$ f !m = ev]4 #d4 ,slaves c make no contracts & h no legal "r to any prop]ty1 real or p]sonal4 ,_! own hone/ e>n+s & ! legacies ( fri5ds belong 9 po9t ( law to _! ma/]s4 #e4 ,nei!r a slave nor a free color$ p]son c be a witness aga9/ any :ite1 or free p]son1 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice1 h[ev] atroci\s may h be5 ! crimes !y h se5 him commit1 if su* te/imony w\ld be = ! b5efit ( a slave2 b !y may give te/imony aga9/ a fell[ slave1 or free color$ man1 ev5 9 cases affect+ life1 if ! ma/] is to reap ! advantage ( x4 #f4 ,! slave may be puni%$ at 8 ma/]'s discretion--)\t trial--)\t any means ( legal r$ress2 :e!r 8 (f5ce be real or imag9>y2 & ! ma/] c transf] ! same despotic p[] to any p]son or p]sons1 he may *oose to appo9t4 #g4 ,! slave is n all[$ to resi/ any free man "u any circum/ances1 8 only safety consi/s 9 ! fact t 8 own] may br+ suit & recov] ! price ( 8 body1 9 case 8 life is tak51 or 8 limbs r5d]$ unfit = labor4 #h4 ,slaves _c r$eem !mselves1 or obta9 a *ange ( ma/]s1 ?\gh cruel treatm5t may h r5d]$ su* a *ange necess>y = _! p]sonal safety4 #i4 ,! slave is entirely unprotect$ 9 8 dome/ic relations4 #aj4 ,! laws greatly ob/ruct ! manumission ( slaves1 ev5 :]e ! ma/] is will+ to enfran*ise !m4 #aa4 ,! op]ation ( ! laws t5ds to deprive slaves ( religi\s in/ruction & consolation4 #ab4 ,! :ole p[] ( ! laws is ex]t$ to keep slaves 9 a /ate ( ! l[e/ ignorance4 #ac4 ,!re is 9 ?is c\ntry a mon/r\s inequality ( law & "r4 ,:at is a trifl+ fault 9 ! :ite man1 is consid]$ highly crim9al 9 ! slave2 ! same (f5ces :i* co/ a :ite man a few doll>s only1 are puni%$ 9 ! negro ) dea?4 #ad4 ,! laws op]ate mo/ oppressively ^u free p ( color,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,see ,mrs4 ,*ild's ,appeal1 ,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,%all ,i ask y n[ my fri5ds1 to draw ! p>allel betwe5 ,jewi% s]vitude & ,am]ican slav]y8 ,no6 ,= !re is no lik5ess 9 ! two sy/ems2 ,i ask y r to m>k ! contra/4 ,! laws ( ,moses protect$ s]vants 9 _! rights z m5 & wom51 gu>d$ !m f oppression & def5d$ !m f wrong4 ,! ,code ,noir ( ! ,s\? robs ! slave ( all 8 rights z a man1 r$uces him to a *attel p]sonal1 & def5ds ! ma/] 9 ! ex]cise ( ! mo/ unnatural & unw>rantable p[] ov] 8 slave4 ,!y ea* be> ! impress ( ! h& :i* =m$ !m4 ,! attributes ( ju/ice & m]cy are %ad[$ out 9 ! ,hebrew code2 ^? ( inju/ice & cruelty1 9 ! ,code ,noir ( ,am]ica4 ,truly x 0 wise 9 ! slavehold]s ( ! ,s\? to decl>e _! slaves to be *attels p]sonal2 = be=e !y c\ld be robb$ ( wages1 wives1 *ildr51 & fri5ds1 x 0 absolutely necess>y to d5y !y 7 human be+s4 ,x is wise 9 !m1 to keep !m 9 abject ignorance1 = ! /rong man arm$ mu/ be b\nd be=e we c spoil 8 h\se--! p[]ful intellect ( man mu/ be b\nd d[n ) ! iron *a9s ( nesci5ce be=e we c rob him ( 8 rights z a man2 we mu/ r$uce him to a ?+2 be=e we c claim ! "r to set our feet ^u 8 neck1 because x 0 only all ?+s :i* 7 orig9ally put "u ! feet ( man by ! ,almighty & ,b5efic5t ,fa!r ( all1 :o has decl>$ himself to be no respect] ( p]sons1 :e!r r$1 :ite1 or black4 ,b "s h ev5 said t ,jesus ,*ri/ did n condemn slav]y4 ,to ?is ,i reply1 t our ,holy ,r$eem] liv$ & prea*$ among ! ,jews only4 ,! laws :i* ,moses _h enact$ fifte5 hundr$ ye>s previ\s to 8 appe>ance among !m1 _h nev] be5 annull$1 & ^! laws protect$ e s]vant 9 ,pale/9e4 ,t he saw no?+ ( p]petual s]vitude is c]ta9 f ! simple decl>ation made by himself 9 ,john1 viii1 #ce4 ,! s]vant abide? n 9 ! h\se = ev]1 ! son abide? ev]4 ,if !n ,he did n condemn ,jewi% tempor>y s]vitude1 ?is does n prove t he w\ld n h condemn$ su* a mon/r\s sy/em z t ( ,,am]ican slav]y1 if t _h exi/$ among !m4 ,b did n ,jesus condemn slav]y8 ,let u exam9e "s ( 8 precepts4 ,:atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s to !m4 ,let e slavehold] apply ^! qu]ies to 8 own he>t2 ,am ,i will+ to be a slave--,am ,i will+ to see my husb& ! slave ( ano!r--,am ,i will+ to see my "m a slave1 or my fa!r1 my :ite si/]1 or my :ite bro!r8 ,if n1 !n 9 hold+ o!rs z slaves1 ,i am do+ :at ,i w\ld n wi% to be done to me or any relative ,i h2 & ?us h ,i brok5 ?is gold5 rule :i* 0 giv5 me to walk by4 ,b "s slavehold]s h said1 we 7 nev] 9 bondage to any man1 & !re=e ! yoke ( bondage w\ld be insuff]able to u1 b slaves are accu/om$ to x1 _! backs are fitt$ to ! burd54 ,well1 ,i am will+ to admit t y :o h liv$ 9 fre$om w\ld f9d slav]y ev5 m oppressive ?an ! poor slave does1 b !n y may try ?is "q 9 ano!r =m--,am ,i will+ to r$uce my little *ild to slav]y8 ,y "k t if x is br\ght up a slave1 x w nev] "k any contra/ betwe5 fre$om & bondage2 its back w become fitt$ to ! burd5 j z ! negro *ild's does--n by nature--b by daily1 viol5t pressure1 9 ! same way t ! head ( ! ,indian *ild becomes flatt5$ by ! bo>ds 9 :i* x is b\nd4 ,x has be5 ju/ly rem>k$ t ,god nev] made a slave1 he made man upright2 8 back 0 n made to c>ry burd5s z ! slave ( ano!r1 nor 8 neck to we> a yoke1 & ! man mu/ be cru%$ )9 him1 be=e 8 back c be fitt$ to ! burd5 ( p]petual slav]y2 & t 8 back is n fitt$ to x1 is manife/ by ! insurrections t s (t5 di/urb ! peace & security ( slave-hold+ c\ntries4 ,:o ev] he>d ( a rebellion ( ! bea/s ( ! field2 & :y n8 simply because !y 7 all plac$ "u ! feet ( man1 into ^: h& !y 7 deliv]$2 x 0 orig9ally design$ t !y %\ld s]ve him1 !re=e _! necks h be5 =m$ = ! yoke1 & _! backs = ! burd52 b n s ) man1 intellectual1 immortal man6 ,i appeal to y1 my fri5ds1 z mo!rs2 ,are y will+ to enslave y\r *ildr58 ,y />t back ) horror & indignation at su* a "q4 ,b :y1 if slav]y is no wrong to ^? ^u :om x is impos$8 :y1 if1 z has (t5 be5 said1 slaves are happi] ?an _! ma/]s1 fre] f ! c>es & p]plexities ( provid+ = !mselves & _! families8 :y n place y\r *ildr5 9 ! way ( be+ support$ )\t y\r hav+ ! tr\ble to provide = !m1 or !y = !mselves8 ,d y n p]ceive t z soon z ?is gold5 rule ( action is appli$ to y\rselves1 t y involunt>ily %r9k f ! te/2 z soon z y\r actions are weigh$ 9 ?is balance ( ! sanctu>y1 t y are f\nd want+8 ,try y\rselves by ano!r ( ! ,div9e precepts1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,c we love a man z we love ourselves if we d1 & cont9ue to d unto him1 :at we w\ld n wi% any "o to d to u8 ,look too1 at ,*ri/'s example1 :at does he say ( himself1 ,i came n to be m9i/]$ unto1 b to m9i/]4 ,c y = a mom5t imag9e ! meek1 & l[ly1 & compassionate ,savi\r1 a slavehold]8 d y n %udd] at ?is ?\ght z mu* z at t ( 8 be+ a w>rior8 ,b :y1 if slav]y is n s9ful8 ,aga91 x has be5 said1 ! ,apo/le ,paul did n condemn ,slav]y1 = he s5t ,onesimus back to ,philemon4 ,i d n ?9k x c be said he s5t him back1 = no co]cion 0 made use (4 ,onesimus 0 n ?r[n into prison & !n s5t back 9 *a9s to 8 ma/]1 z y\r runaway slaves (t5 are--?is c\ld n possibly h be5 ! case1 because y "k ,paul z a ,jew1 0 b\nd to protect ! runaway1 he _h no "r to s5d any fugitive back to 8 ma/]4 ,! /ate ( ! case !n seems to h be5 ?is4 ,onesimus _h be5 an unpr(itable s]vant to ,philemon & left him--he aft]w>ds became conv]t$ "u ! ,apo/le's prea*+1 & see+ t he _h be5 to blame 9 8 conduct1 & desir+ by future fidelity to atone = pa/ error1 he wi%$ to return1 & ! ,apo/le gave him ! lett] we n[ h z a recomm5dation to ,philemon1 in=m+ him ( ! conv]sion ( ,onesimus1 & entreat+ him z ,paul ! ag$ to receive him1 n n[ z a s]vant1 b above a s]vant1 a bro!r belov$1 especially to me1 b h[ mu* m unto !e1 bo? 9 ! fle% & 9 ! ,"l4 ,if ?\ c\nt me !re=e z a p>tn]1 receive him z myself4 ,?is !n surely _c be =c$ into a ju/ification ( ! practice ( return+ runaway slaves back to _! ma/]s1 to be puni%$ ) cruel beat+s & sc\rg+s z !y (t5 are4 ,besides ! ^w ,greek3 d\los "h translat$ s]vant1 is ! same t is made use ( 9 ,matt4 xviii1 #bg4 ,n[ x appe>s t ?is s]vant ow$ 8 "l t5 ?\s& tal5ts2 he possess$ prop]ty to a va/ am\nt4 ,onesimus c\ld n !n h be5 a slave1 = slaves d n own _! wives1 or *ildr52 no1 n ev5 _! own bodies1 mu* less prop]ty4 ,b aga91 ! s]vitude :i* ! apo/le 0 accu/om$ to1 mu/ h be5 v diff]5t f ,am]ican slav]y1 = he says1 ! heir 7or son71 z long z he is a *ild1 diff]e? no?+ f a s]vant1 ?\gh he be "l ( all4 ,b is "u tutors & gov]nors until ! "t appo9t$ ( ! fa!r4 ,f ?is x appe>s1 t ! means ( in/ruction 7 provid$ = s]vants z well z *ildr52 & inde$ we "k x mu/ h be5 s among ! ,jews1 because _! s]vants 7 n p]mitt$ to rema9 9 p]petual bondage1 & !re=e x 0 absolutely necess>y !y %\ld be prep>$ to occupy high] /ations 9 society ?an ^? ( s]vants4 ,is x s at ! ,s\?1 my fri5ds8 ,is ! daily bread ( in/ruction provid$ = y\r slaves8 are _! m9ds enlight5$1 & !y gradually prep>$ to rise f ! grade ( m5ials into t ( free1 indep5d5t memb]s ( ! /ate8 ,let y\r own /atute book1 & y\r own daily exp]i5ce1 answ] ^! que/ions4 ,if ?is apo/le sanction$ slav]y1 :y did he exhort ma/]s ?us 9 8 epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 & ye1 ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto !m 7i4e4 p]=m y\r duties to y\r s]vants z unto ,*ri/1 n unto me7 =be>+ ?reat5+2 kn[+ t y\r ma/] also is 9 heav51 nei!r is !re respect ( p]sons ) him4 ,& 9 ,colossians1 ,ma/]s give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is j & equal1 kn[+ t ye also h a ma/] 9 heav54 ,let slavehold]s only obey ^! injunctions ( ,paul1 & ,i am satisfi$ slav]y w\ld soon be aboli%$4 ,if he ?\ght x s9ful ev5 to ?reat5 s]vants1 surely he mu/ h ?\ght x s9ful to flog & to beat !m ) /icks & paddles2 inde$1 :5 del9eat+ ! "* ( a bi%op1 he expressly names ?is z "o feature ( x1 no /rik]4 ,let ma/]s give unto _! s]vants t :i* is j & equal1 & all t va/ sy/em ( unrequit$ labor w\ld crumble into ru94 ,yes1 & if !y once felt !y _h no "r to ! labor ( _! s]vants )\t pay1 surely !y c\ld n ?9k !y _h a "r to _! wives1 _! *ildr51 & _! own bodies4 ,aga91 h[ c x be said ,paul sanction$ slav]y1 :51 z ?\gh to put ?is matt] beyond all d\bt1 9 t black catalogue ( s9s enum]at$ 9 8 fir/ epi/le to ,timo?y1 he m5tions m5/eal]s1 :i* ^w may be translat$ slav$eal]s4 ,b y may say1 we all despise slav$eal]s z mu* z any "o c2 !y are nev] admitt$ into g5teel or respectable society4 ,& :y n8 ,is x n because ev5 y %r9k back f ! idea ( associat+ ) ^? :o make _! =tunes by trad+ 9 ! bodies & s\ls ( m51 wom51 & *ildr58 ^: daily "w x is to break human he>ts1 by te>+ wives f _! husb&s1 & *ildr5 f _! p>5ts8 ,b :y hold slav$eal]s z despicable1 if _! trade is lawful & virtu\s8 & :y despise !m m ?an ! g5tlem5 ( =tune & /&+ :o employ !m z _! ag5ts8 ,:y m ?an ! pr(essors ( religion :o b>t] _! fell[-pr(essors to !m = gold & silv]8 ,we d n despise ! l& ag5t1 or ! physician1 or ! m]*ant1 & :y8 ,simply because _! pr(essions are virtu\s & honorable2 & if ! trade ( m5-jobb]s 0 honorable1 y w\ld n despise !m ei!r4 ,!re is no diff]5ce 9 pr9ciple1 9 ,*ri/ian e?ics1 betwe5 ! despis$ slav$eal] & ! ,*ri/ian :o buys slaves f1 or sells slaves to him2 inde$1 if slaves 7 n want$ by ! respectable1 ! weal?y1 & ! religi\s 9 a community1 !re w\ld be no slaves 9 t community1 & ( c\rse no slav$eal]s4 ,x is !n ! ,*ri/ians & ! honorable m5 & wom5 ( ! ,s\?1 :o are ! ma9 pill>s ( ?is gr& temple built to ,mammon & to ,molo*4 ,x is ! mo/ enlight5$ 9 e c\ntry :o are mo/ to blame :5 any public s9 is support$ by public op9ion1 h5ce ,isaiah says1 ,:5 ! ,"l ha? p]=m$ 8 :ole "w ^u m\nt ,zion & on ,j]usalem1 7!n7 ,i w puni% ! fruit ( ! /\t he>t ( ! k+ ( ,assyria1 & ! glory ( 8 high looks4 ,& 0 x n s8 ,op5 ! hi/orical records ( t age1 0 n ,israel c>ri$ into captivity ,b4,c4 #fjf1 ,judah ,b4,c4 #ehh1 & ! /\t he>t ( ! hea!n mon>*y n puni%$ until ,b4,c4 #ecf1 fifty-two ye>s aft] ,judah's1 & sev5ty ye>s aft] ,israel's captivity1 :5 x 0 ov]?r[n by ,cyrus1 k+ ( ,p]sia8 ,h5ce1 too1 ! apo/le ,pet] says1 judgm5t mu/ beg9 at ! h\se ( ,god4 ,surely ?is w\ld n be ! case1 if ! pr(essors ( religion 7 n mo/ wor?y ( blame4 ,b x may be ask$1 :y are !y mo/ culpable8 ,i w tell y1 my fri5ds4 ,x is because s9 is imput$ to u j 9 proportion to ! spiritual light we receive4 ,?us ! prophet ,amos says1 9 ! "n ( ,jehovah1 ,y only h ,i kn[n ( all ! families ( ! e>?3 !re=e ,i w puni% y = all y\r iniquities4 ,he> too ! doctr9e ( our ,"l on ?is important subject2 ,! s]vant :o knew 8 ,"l's w & prep>$ n himself1 nei!r did accord+ to 8 w1 %all be beat5 ) _m /ripes3 & :y8 ,= unto :omsoev] mu* is giv51 ( him %all mu* be requir$2 & to :om m5 h committ$ mu*1 ( him !y w ask ! m4 ,oh6 !n t ! ,*ri/ians ( ! s\? w\ld pond] ^! ?+s 9 _! he>ts1 & awake to ! va/ responsibilities :i* re/ ^u !m at ?is important crisis4 ,i h ?us1 ,i ?9k1 cle>ly prov$ to y sev5 propositions1 viz43 ,fir/1 t slav]y is contr>y to ! decl>ation ( our indep5d5ce4 ,second1 t x is contr>y to ! fir/ *>t] ( human rights giv5 to ,adam1 & r5ew$ to ,noah4 ,?ird1 t ! fact ( slav]y hav+ be5 ! subject ( prophecy1 furni%es no excuse :atev] to slav$eal]s4 ,f\r?1 t no su* sy/em exi/$ "u ! patri>*al disp5sation4 ,fif?1 t slav]y nev] exi/$ "u ! ,jewi% disp5sation2 b s f> o!rwise1 t e s]vant 0 plac$ "u ! protection ( law1 & c>e tak5 n only to prev5t all involunt>y s]vitude1 b all volunt>y p]petual bondage4 ,six?1 t slav]y 9 ,am]ica r$uces a man to a ?+1 a *attel p]sonal1 robs him ( all 8 rights z a human be+1 fett]s bo? 8 m9d & body1 & protects ! ma/] 9 ! mo/ unnatural & unreasonable p[]1 :il/ x ?r[s him out ( ! protection ( law4 ,sev5?1 t slav]y is contr>y to ! example & precepts ( our holy & m]ciful ,r$eem]1 & ( 8 apo/les4 ,b p]haps y w be ready to qu]y1 :y appeal to wom5 on ?is subject8 ,we d n make ! laws :i* p]petuate slav]y4 ,no legislative p[] is ve/$ 9 u2 we c d no?+ to ov]?r[ ! sy/em1 ev5 if we wi%$ to d s4 ,to ?is ,i reply1 ,i "k y d n make ! laws1 b ,i also "k t y are ! wives & mo!rs1 ! si/]s & daught]s ( ^? :o d2 & if y really suppose y c d no?+ to ov]?r[ slav]y1 y are greatly mi/ak54 ,y c d mu* 9 e way3 f\r ?+s ,i w "n4 #a/4 ,y c read on ?is subject4 #b;d4 ,y c pray ov] ?is subject4 #c;d4 ,y c speak on ?is subject4 #d?4 ,y c act on ?is subject4 ,i h n plac$ read+ be=e pray+ because ,i reg>d x m important1 b because1 9 ord] to pray aright1 we mu/ und]/& :at we are pray+ =2 x is only !n we c pray ) ! und]/&+ & ! _s also4 #a4 ,read !n on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,se>* ! ,scriptures daily1 :e!r ! ?+s ,i h told y are true4 ,o!r books & pap]s might be a great help to y to ?is inve/igation1 b !y are n necess>y1 & x is h>dly probable t y\r ,committees ( ,vigilance w all[ y to h any o!r4 ,! ,bible !n is ! book ,i want y to read 9 ! _s ( inquiry1 & ! _s ( pray]4 ,ev5 ! enemies ( ,abolitioni/s1 ackn[l$ge t _! doctr9es are drawn f x4 ,9 ! great mob 9 ,bo/on1 la/ autumn1 :5 ! books & pap]s ( ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 7 ?r[n out ( ! w9d[s ( _! (fice1 "o individual laid hold ( ! ,bible & 0 ab\t toss+ x out to ! gr\nd1 :5 ano!r rem9d$ him t x 0 ! ,bible he _h 9 8 h&4 ,o6 'tis all "o1 he repli$1 & out w5t ! sacr$ volume1 along ) ! re/4 ,we ?ank him = ! ackn[l$gm5t4 ,yes1 x is all "o1 = our books & pap]s are mo/ly comm5t>ies on ! ,bible1 & ! ,decl>ation4 ,read ! ,bible !n1 x conta9s ! words ( ,jesus1 & !y are _s & life4 ,judge = y\rselves :e!r he sanction$ su* a sy/em ( oppression & crime4 #b4 ,pray ov] ?is subject4 ,:5 y h ent]$ into y\r closets1 & %ut to ! doors1 !n pray to y\r fa!r1 :o see? 9 secret1 t he w\ld op5 y\r eyes to see :e!r slav]y is s9ful1 & if x is1 t he w\ld enable y to be> a fai?ful1 op5 & un-%r9k+ te/imony aga9/ x1 & to d :atsoev] y\r h&s f9d to d1 leav+ ! consequ5ces entirely to him1 :o /ill says to u :5ev] we try to reason away duty f ! fe> ( consequ5ces1 ,:at is t to !e1 foll[ ?\ me4 ,pray also = t poor slave1 t he may be kept pati5t & submissive "u 8 h>d lot1 until ,god is pleas$ to op5 ! door ( fre$om to him )\t viol5ce or blood%$4 ,pray too = ! ma/] t 8 he>t may be s(t5$1 & he made will+ to ackn[l$ge1 z ,joseph's bre?r5 did1 ,v]ily we are guilty conc]n+ our bro!r1 be=e he w be compell$ to add 9 consequ5ce ( ,div9e judgm5t1 !re=e is all ?is evil come ^u u4 ,pray also = all y\r bre?r5 & si/]s :o are labor+ 9 ! righte\s cause ( ,emancipation 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 ,engl& & ! _w4 ,!re is great enc\ragem5t = pray] 9 ^! words ( our ,"l4 ,:atsoev] ye %all ask ! ,fa!r 9 my "n1 he w give x to y--,pray !n )\t ceas+1 9 ! closet & ! social circle4 #c4 ,speak on ?is subject4 ,x is ?r\gh ! tongue1 ! p51 & ! press1 t tru? is pr9cipally propagat$4 ,speak !n to y\r relatives1 y\r fri5ds1 y\r acqua9tances on ! subject ( slav]y2 be n afraid if y are consci5ti\sly conv9c$ x is s9ful1 to say s op5ly1 b calmly1 & to let y\r s5tim5ts be kn[n4 ,if y are s]v$ by ! slaves ( o!rs1 try to ameliorate _! condition z mu* z possible2 nev] aggravate _! faults1 & ?us add fuel to ! fire ( ang] already k9dl$1 9 a ma/] & mi/ress's bosom2 rememb] _! extreme ignorance1 & consid] !m z y\r ,heav5ly ,fa!r does ! less culpable on ?is acc\nt1 ev5 :5 !y d wrong ?+s4 ,disc\nt5ance all cruelty to !m1 all />vation1 all corporal *a/isem5t2 ^! may brutalize & break _! spirits1 b w nev] b5d !m to will+1 *e]ful ob$i5ce4 ,if possible1 see t !y are com=tably & seasonably f$1 :e!r 9 ! h\se or ! field2 x is unreasonable & cruel to expect slaves to wait = _! breakfa/ until elev5 o'clock1 :5 !y rise at five or six4 ,d all y c1 to induce _! own]s to clo! !m well1 & to all[ !m _m little indulg5ces :i* w\ld contribute to _! com=t4 ,above all1 try to p]suade y\r husb&1 fa!r1 bro!rs & sons1 t slav]y is a crime aga9/ ,god & man1 & t x is a great s9 to keep human be+s 9 su* abject ignorance2 to d5y !m ! privilege ( le>n+ to read & write4 ,! ,ca?olics are univ]sally condemn$1 = d5y+ ! ,bible to ! common p1 b1 slavehold]s mu/ n blame !m1 = !y are do+ ! v same ?+1 & = ! v same reason1 nei!r ( ^! sy/ems c be> ! light :i* bur/s f ! pages ( t ,holy ,book4 ,& la/ly1 endeav\r to inculcate submission on ! "p ( ! slaves1 b :il/ do+ ?is be fai?ful 9 plead+ ! cause ( ! oppress$4 ,w y behold unhe$+1 ,life's holie/ feel+s cru%$1 ,:]e woman's he>t is ble$+1 ,%all woman's voice be hu%$8 #d4 ,act on ?is subject4 ,"s ( y own slaves y\rselves4 ,if y believe slav]y is s9ful1 set !m at lib]ty1 undo ! heavy burd5s & let ! oppress$ g free4 ,if !y wi% to rema9 ) y1 pay !m wages1 if n let !m leave y4 ,%\ld !y rema9 tea* !m1 & h !m taught ! common bran*es ( an ,engli% education2 !y h m9ds & ^? m9ds1 ought to be improv$4 ,s preci\s a tal5t z intellect1 nev] 0 giv5 to be wrapt 9 a napk9 & buri$ 9 ! e>?4 ,x is ! duty ( all1 z f> z !y c1 to improve _! own m5tal faculties1 because we are comm&$ to love ,god ) all our m9ds1 z well z ) all our he>ts1 & we commit a great s91 if we =bid or prev5t t cultivation ( ! m9d 9 o!rs1 :i* w\ld enable !m to p]=m ?is duty4 ,tea* y\r s]vants !n to read c41 & enc\rage !m to believe x is _! duty to le>n1 if x 7 only t !y might read ! ,bible4 ,b "s ( y w say1 we c nei!r free our slaves nor tea* !m to read1 = ! laws ( our /ate =bid x4 ,be n surpris$ :5 ,i say su* wick$ laws ought to be no b>ri] 9 ! way ( y\r duty1 & ,i appeal to ! ,bible to prove ?is position4 ,:at 0 ! conduct ( ,%iphrah & ,puah1 :5 ! k+ ( ,egypt issu$ 8 cruel m&ate1 ) reg>d to ! ,hebrew *ildr58 ,!y fe>$ ,god1 & did n z ! ,k+ ( ,egypt comm&$ !m1 b sav$ ! m5 *ildr5 alive4 ,did ^! wom5 d "r 9 disobey+ t mon>*8 ,!re=e 7says ! sacr$ text17 ,god dealt well ) !m1 & made !m h\ses ,ex4 i4 ,:at 0 ! conduct ( ,%adra*1 ,me%a*1 & ,ab$nego1 :5 ,nebu*adnezz> set up a gold5 image 9 ! pla9 ( ,dura1 & comm&$ all p1 nations1 & languages1 to fall d[n & wor%ip x8 ,be x kn[n1 unto !e1 7said ^! fai?ful ,jews7 ,o k+1 t we w n s]ve ?y gods1 nor wor%ip ! image :i* ?\ ha/ set up4 ,did ^! m5 d "r 9 disobey+ ! law ( _! sov]eign8 ,let _! miracul\s deliv]ance f ! burn+ fi]y furnace1 answ]2 ,dan4 iii4 ,:at 0 ! conduct ( ,daniel1 :5 ,d>ius made a firm decree t no "o %\ld ask a petition ( any man or ,god = ?irty days8 ,did ! prophet cease to pray8 ,no6 ,:5 ,daniel knew t ! writ+ 0 sign$1 he w5t into 8 h\se1 & 8 w9d[s be+ op5 t[>ds ,j]usalem1 he kneel$ ^u 8 knees ?ree times a day1 & pray$ & gave ?anks be=e 8 ,god1 z he did a=etime4 ,did ,daniel d "r ?us to break ! law ( 8 k+8 ,let 8 wond]ful deliv]ance out ( ! m\?s ( ! lions answ]2 ,dan4 vii4 ,look1 too1 at ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,john4 ,:5 ! rul]s ( ! ,jews1 comm&$ !m n to speak at all1 nor tea* 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 :at did !y say8 ,:e!r x be "r 9 ! sight ( ,god1 to he>k5 unto y m ?an unto ,god1 judge ye4 ,& :at did !y d8 ,!y spake ! ^w ( ,god ) boldness1 & ) great p[] gave ! ,apo/les witness ( ! resurrection ( ! ,"l ,jesus2 al?\gh ?is 0 ! v doctr9e1 = ! prea*+ ( :i*1 !y _h j be5 ca/ into prison1 & fur!r ?reat5$4 ,did ^! m5 d "r8 ,i leave y to answ]1 :o n[ enjoy ! b5efits ( _! labors & suff]+s1 9 t ,gospel !y d>$ to prea* :5 positively comm&$ n to tea* any m 9 ! "n ( ,jesus2 ,acts iv4 ,b "s ( y may say1 if we d free our slaves1 !y w be tak5 up & sold1 !re=e !re w be no use 9 do+ x4 ,pet] & ,john might j z well h said1 we w n prea* ! gospel1 = if we d1 we %all be tak5 up & put 9 prison1 !re=e !re w be no use 9 our prea*+4 ,consequ5ces1 my fri5ds1 belong no m to y1 ?an !y did to ^! apo/les4 ,duty is ours & ev5ts are ,god's4 ,if y ?9k slav]y is s9ful1 all y h to d is to set y\r slaves at lib]ty1 d all y c to protect !m1 & 9 humble fai? & f]v5t pray]1 comm5d !m to y\r common ,fa!r4 ,he c take c>e ( !m2 b if = wise purposes he sees fit to all[ !m to be sold1 ?is w af=d y an opportunity ( te/ify+ op5ly1 :]ev] y g1 aga9/ ! crime ( man/eal+4 ,su* an act w be cle> robb]y1 & if expos$1 might1 "u ! ,div9e direction1 d ! cause ( ,emancipation m good1 ?an any ?+ t c\ld happ51 =1 ,he makes ev5 ! wra? ( man to praise him1 & ! rema9d] ( wra? he w re/ra94 ,i "k t ?is doctr9e ( obey+ ,god1 r ?an man1 w be consid]$ z dang]\s1 & h]etical by _m1 b ,i am n afraid op5ly to av[ x1 because x is ! doctr9e ( ! ,bible2 b ,i w\ld n be und]/ood to advocate resi/ance to any law h[ev] oppressive1 if1 9 obey+ x1 ,i 0 n oblig$ to commit s94 ,if = in/ance1 !re 0 a law1 :i* impos$ imprisonm5t or a f9e ^u me if ,i manumitt$ a slave1 ,i w\ld on no acc\nt resi/ t law1 ,i w\ld set ! slave free1 & !n g to prison or pay ! f9e4 ,if a law comm&s me to s9 ,i w break x2 if x calls me to suff]1 ,i w let x take its c\rse unresi/+ly4 ,! doctr9e ( bl9d ob$i5ce & unqualifi$ submission to any human p[]1 :e!r civil or ecclesia/ical1 is ! doctr9e ( despotism1 & ought to h no place among ,republicans & ,*ri/ians4 ,b y w p]haps say1 su* a c\rse ( conduct w\ld inevitably expose u to great suff]+4 ,yes6 my *ri/ian fri5ds1 ,i believe x w\ld1 b ?is w n excuse y or any "o else = ! neglect ( duty4 ,if ,prophets & ,apo/les1 ,m>tyrs1 & ,re=m]s _h n be5 will+ to suff] = ! tru?'s sake1 :]e w\ld ! _w h be5 n[8 ,if !y _h said1 we _c speak ! tru?1 we _c d :at we believe is "r1 because ! laws ( our c\ntry or public op9ion are aga9/ u1 :]e w\ld our holy religion h be5 n[8 ,! ,prophets 7 /on$1 imprison$1 & kill$ by ! ,jews4 ,& :y8 ,because !y expos$ & op5ly rebuk$ public s9s2 !y oppos$ public op9ion2 _h !y held _! peace1 !y all might h liv$ 9 ease & di$ 9 favor ) a wick$ g5]ation4 ,:y 7 ! ,apo/les p]secut$ f city to city1 /on$1 inc>c]at$1 beat51 & crucifi$8 ,because !y d>$ to speak ! tru?2 to tell ! ,jews1 boldly & fe>lessly1 t !y 7 ! murd]]s ( ! ,"l ( ,glory1 & t1 h[ev] great a /umbl+-block ! ,cross might be to !m1 !re 0 no o!r "n giv5 "u heav5 by :i* m5 c\ld be sav$1 b ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,because !y decl>$1 ev5 at ,a!ns1 ! seat ( le>n+ & ref9em5t1 ! self-evid5t tru?1 t !y be no gods t are made ) m5's h&s1 & expos$ to ! ,grecians ! fooli%ness ( worldly wisdom1 & ! impossibility ( salvation b ?r\gh ,*ri/1 :om !y despis$ on acc\nt ( ! ignom9i\s dea? he di$4 ,because at ,rome1 ! pr\d mi/ress ( ! _w1 !y ?und]$ out ! t]rors ( ! law ^u t idolatr\s1 w>-mak+1 & slave-hold+ community4 ,:y 7 ! m>tyrs /ret*$ ^u ! rack1 gibbett$ & burnt1 ! scorn & div]sion ( a ,n]o1 :il/ _! t>r$ & burn+ bodies s5t up a light :i* illum9at$ ! ,roman capital8 ,:y 7 ! ,wald5ses hunt$ l wild bea/s ^u ! m\nta9s ( ,pi$mont1 & sla9 ) ! sword ( ! ,duke ( ,savoy & ! pr\d mon>* ( ,france8 ,:y 7 ! ,presbyt]ians *as$ l ! p>tridge ov] ! highl&s ( ,scotl&--! ,me?odi/s pump$1 & /on$1 & pelt$ ) rott5 eggs--! ,quak]s inc>c]at$ 9 fil?y prisons1 beat51 :ipp$ at ! c>t's tail1 bani%$ & hung8 ,because !y d>$ to speak ! tru?1 to break ! unrighte\s laws ( _! c\ntry1 & *ose r to suff] affliction ) ! p ( ,god1 n accept+ deliv]ance1 ev5 "u ! gall[s4 ,:y 7 ,lu!r & ,calv9 p]secut$ & excommunicat$1 ,cranm]1 ,ridley1 & ,latim] burnt8 ,because !y fe>lessly proclaim$ ! tru?1 ?\gh t tru? 0 contr>y to public op9ion1 & ! au?ority ( ,ecclesia/ical c\ncils & conv5tions4 ,n[ all ?is va/ am\nt ( human suff]+ might h be5 sav$4 ,all ^! ,prophets & ,apo/les1 ,m>tyrs1 & ,re=m]s1 might h liv$ & di$ 9 peace ) all m51 b foll[+ ! example ( _! great patt]n1 !y despis$ ! %ame1 endur$ ! cross1 & are n[ set d[n on ! "r h& ( ! ?rone ( ,god1 hav+ receiv$ ! glori\s welcome ( well done good & fai?ful s]vants1 ent] ye into ! joy ( y\r ,"l4 ,b y may say we are wom51 h[ c our he>ts endure p]secution8 ,& :y n8 ,h n wom5 /ood up 9 all ! dignity & /r5g? ( moral c\rage to be ! lead]s ( ! p1 & to be> a fai?ful te/imony = ! tru? :5ev] ! provid5ce ( ,god has call$ !m to d s8 ,are !re no wom5 9 t noble army ( m>tyrs :o are n[ s++ ! song ( ,moses & ! ,lamb8 ,:o l$ out ! wom5 ( ,israel f ! h\se ( bondage1 /rik+ ! timbrel1 & s++ ! song ( deliv]ance on ! banks ( t sea ^: wat]s /ood up l walls ( cry/al to op5 a passage = _! escape8 ,x 0 a woman2 ,miriam1 ! prophetess1 ! si/] ( ,moses & ,a>on4 ,:o w5t up ) ,b>ak to ,kade% to fight aga9/ ,jab91 ,k+ ( ,canaan1 into ^: h& ,israel _h be5 sold because ( _! iniquities8 ,x 0 a woman6 ,deborah ! wife ( ,lapido?1 ! judge1 z well z ! prophetess ( t backslid+ p2 ,judges iv1 #i4 ,into ^: h&s 0 ,sis]a1 ! capta9 ( ,jab9's ho/ deliv]$8 ,into ! h& ( a woman4 ,jael ! wife ( ,heb]6 ,judges vi1 #ba4 ,:o d>$ to speak ! tru? conc]n+ ^? judgm5ts :i* 7 com+ ^u ,judea1 :5 ,josiah1 al>m$ at f9d+ t 8 p _h n kept ! ^w ( ! ,"l to d aft] all t 0 writt5 9 ! book ( ! ,law1 s5t to enquire ( ! ,"l conc]n+ ^! ?+s8 ,x 0 a woman4 ,huldah ! prophetess1 ! wife ( ,%allum2 #b1 ,*ron4 xxxiv1 #bb4 ,:o 0 *os5 to deliv] ! :ole ,jewi% nation f t murd]\s decree ( ,p]sia's ,k+1 :i* wick$ ,haman _h obta9$ by calumny & fraud8 ,x 0 a woman2 ,e/h] ! ,que52 yes1 weak & trembl+ woman 0 ! in/rum5t appo9t$ by ,god1 to rev]se ! bloody m&ate ( ! ea/]n mon>*1 & save ! :ole visible *ur* f de/ruction4 ,:at human voice fir/ proclaim$ to ,m>y t %e %\ld be ! "m ( our ,"l8 ,x 0 a woman6 ,elizabe?1 ! wife ( ,za*>ias2 ,luke i1 #db1 #dc4 ,:o unit$ ) ! good old ,simeon 9 giv+ ?anks publicly 9 ! temple1 :5 ! *ild1 ,jesus1 0 pres5t$ !re by 8 p>5ts1 & spake ( him to all !m t look$ = r$emption 9 ,j]usalem8 ,x 0 a woman6 ,anna ! prophetess4 ,:o fir/ proclaim$ ,*ri/ z ! true ,messiah 9 ! /reets ( ,sam>ia1 once ! capital ( ! t5 tribes8 ,x 0 a woman6 ,:o m9i/]$ to ! ,son ( ,god :il/ on e>?1 a despis$ & p]secut$ ,re=m]1 9 ! humble g>b ( a c>p5t]8 ,!y 7 wom56 ,:o foll[$ ! reject$ ,k+ ( ,israel1 z 8 fa9t+ foot/eps trod ! road to ,calv>y8 ,a great company ( p & ( wom52 & x is rem>kable t to !m alone1 he turn$ & address$ ! pa!tic language1 ,daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 weep n = me1 b weep = y\rselves & y\r *ildr54 ,ah6 :o s5t unto ! ,roman ,gov]nor :5 he 0 set d[n on ! judgm5t seat1 say+ unto him1 ,h ?\ no?+ to d ) t j man1 = ,i h suff]$ _m ?+s ?is day 9 a dream because ( him8 ,x 0 a woman6 ! wife ( ,pilate4 ,al?\gh he knew t = envy ! ,jews _h deliv]$ ,*ri/1 yet he cons5t$ to surr5d] ! ,son ( ,god into ! h&s ( a brutal soldi]y1 aft] hav+ himself sc\rg$ 8 nak$ body4 ,_h ! wife ( ,pilate sat ^u t judgm5t seat1 :at w\ld h be5 ! result ( ! trial ( ?is j p]son8 ,& :o la/ hung r\nd ! cross ( ,jesus on ! m\nta9 ( ,golgo?a8 ,:o fir/ visit$ ! sepul*re e>ly 9 ! morn+ on ! fir/ day ( ! week1 c>ry+ sweet spices to embalm 8 preci\s body1 n kn[+ t x 0 incorruptible & c\ld n be hold5 by ! b&s ( dea?8 ,^! 7 wom56 ,to :om did he fir/ appe> aft] 8 resurrection8 ,x 0 to a woman6 ,m>y ,magdal5e2 ,m>k xvi1 #i4 ,:o ga!r$ ) ! apo/les to wait at ,j]usalem1 9 pray] & supplication1 = ! promise ( ! ,fa!r2 ! spiritual bless+ ( ! ,great ,high ,prie/ ( 8 ,*ur*1 :o _h ent]$1 n into ! spl5did temple ( ,solomon1 !re to (f] ! blood ( bulls1 & ( goats1 & ! smok+ c5s] ^u ! gold5 alt>1 b into ,heav5 itself1 !re to pres5t 8 int]cessions1 aft] hav+ giv5 himself = u1 an (f]+ & a sacrifice to ,god = a sweet smell+ savor8 ,wom5 7 among t holy company2 ,acts i1 #ad4 ,& did wom5 wait 9 va98 ,did ^? :o _h m9i/]$ to 8 necessities1 foll[$ 9 8 tra91 & wept at 8 crucifixion1 wait 9 va98 ,no6 ,no6 ,did ! clov5 tongues ( fire desc5d ^u ! heads ( wom5 z well z m58 ,yes1 my fri5ds1 x sat ^u ea* "o ( !m2 ,acts ii1 #c4 wom5 z well z m5 7 to be liv+ /ones 9 ! temple ( grace1 & !re=e _! heads 7 consecrat$ by ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ z well z ^? ( m54 ,7 wom5 recogniz$ z fell[ labor]s 9 ! gospel field8 ,!y 76 ,paul says 9 8 epi/le to ! ,philippians1 help ^? wom5 :o labor$ ) me1 9 ! gospel2 ,phil4 iv1 #c4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,roman wom5 7 burnt at ! /ake1 _! delicate limbs 7 torn jo9t f jo9t by ! f]oci\s bea/s ( ! ,amphi!atre1 & toss$ by ! wild bull 9 8 fury1 = ! div]sion ( t idolatr\s1 w>like1 & slavehold+ p4 ,yes1 wom5 suff]$ "u ! t5 p]secutions ( hea!n ,rome1 ) ! mo/ un%r9k+ con/ancy & =titude2 n all ! entreaties ( fri5ds1 nor ! claims ( new born infancy1 nor ! cruel ?reats ( enemies c\ld make !m spr9kle "o gra9 ( inc5se ^u ! alt>s ( ,roman idols4 ,come n[ ) me to ! beautiful valleys ( ,pi$mont4 ,^: blood /a9s ! gre5 sw>d1 & decks ! wild fl[]s ) colors n _! own1 & smokes on ! sword ( p]secut+ ,france8 ,x is woman's1 z well z man's8 ,yes1 wom5 7 acc\nt$ z %eep = ! slaught]1 & 7 cut d[n z ! t5d] sapl+s ( ! wood4 ,b "t w\ld fail me1 to tell ( all ^? hundr$s & ?\s&s ( wom51 :o p]i%$ 9 ! ,l[ c\ntries ( ,holl&1 :5 ,alva's sword ( v5geance 0 un%ea!d aga9/ ! ,prote/ants1 :5 ! ,ca?olic ,inquisitions ( ,europe became ! m]ciless execution]s ( v9dictive wra?1 ^u ^? :o d>$ to wor%ip ,god1 in/ead ( b[+ d[n 9 unholy adoration be=e my ,"l ,god ! ,pope1 & :5 ,engl&1 too1 burnt h] ,ann ,ascoes at ! /ake ( m>tyrdom4 ,suffice x to say1 t ! ,*ur*1 aft] hav+ be5 driv5 f ,judea to ,rome1 & f ,rome to ,pi$mont1 & f ,pi$mont to ,engl&1 & f ,engl& to ,holl&1 at la/ /ret*$ h] fa9t+ w+s ov] ! d>k bosom ( ! ,atlantic1 & f\nd on ! %ores ( a great wild]ness1 a refuge f tyranny & oppression--z %e ?\ght1 b ev5 "h1 7! w>m blu% ( %ame mantles my *eek z ,i write x17 ev5 "h1 woman 0 beat5 & bani%$1 imprison$1 & hung ^u ! gall[s1 a trophy to ! ,cross4 ,& :at1 ,i w\ld ask 9 conclusion1 h wom5 done = ! great & glori\s cause ( ,emancipation8 ,:o wrote t pamphlet :i* mov$ ! he>t ( ,wilb]=ce to pray ov] ! wrongs1 & 8 tongue to plead ! cause ( ! oppress$ ,african8 ,x 0 a woman1 ,elizabe? ,heyrick4 ,:o labor$ assidu\sly to keep ! suff]+s ( ! slave cont9ually be=e ! ,briti% public8 ,!y 7 wom54 ,& h[ did !y d x8 ,by _! ne$les1 pa9t bru%es & p5s1 by speak+ ! tru?1 & petition+ ,p>liam5t = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,& :at 0 ! effect ( _! labors8 ,read x 9 ! ,emancipation bill ( ,great ,brita94 ,read x1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( h] ,we/ ,india ,colonies4 ,read x1 9 ! impulse :i* has be5 giv5 to ! cause ( fre$om1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,h ,engli% wom5 !n done s mu* = ! negro1 & %all ,am]ican wom5 d no?+8 ,oh no6 ,already are !re sixty female ,anti-,slav]y ,societies 9 op]ation4 ,^! are do+ j :at ! ,engli% wom5 did1 tell+ ! /ory ( ! color$ man's wrongs1 pray+ = 8 deliv]ance1 & pres5t+ 8 kneel+ image con/antly be=e ! public eye on bags & ne$le-books1 c>d-racks1 p5-wip]s1 p9-cu%ions1 c4 ,ev5 ! *ildr5 ( ! nor? are inscrib+ on _! h&y "w1 ,may ! po9ts ( our ne$les prick ! slavehold]'s consci5ce4 ,"s ( ! reports ( ^! ,societies exhibit n only consid]able tal5t1 b a deep s5se ( religi\s duty1 & a det]m9ation to p]sev]e ?r\gh evil z well z good report1 until e sc\rge1 & e %ackle1 is buri$ "u ! feet ( ! manumitt$ slave4 ,! ,ladies' ,anti-,slav]y ,society ( ,bo/on 0 call$ la/ fall1 to a sev]e trial ( _! fai? & con/ancy4 ,!y 7 mobb$ by ! g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+1 9 t city at _! anniv]s>y meet+1 & _! lives 7 jeop>d$ by an infuriat$ cr[d2 b _! conduct on t occasion did cr$it to our sex1 & af=ds a full assurance t !y w nev] ab&on ! cause ( ! slave4 ,! pamphlet1 ,"r & ,wrong 9 ,bo/on1 issu$ by !m 9 :i* a p>ticul> acc\nt is giv5 ( t mob ( broad clo? 9 broad day1 does equal cr$it to ! head & ! he>t ( h] :o wrote x4 ,i wi% my ,s\!rn si/]s c\ld read x2 !y w\ld !n und]/& t ! wom5 ( ! ,nor? h engag$ 9 ?is "w f a s5se ( religi\s duty1 & t no?+ w ev] induce !m to take _! h&s f x until x is fully accompli%$4 ,!y feel no ho/ility to y1 no bitt]ness or wra?2 !y r sympa?ize 9 y\r trials & difficulties2 b !y well "k t ! fir/ ?+ to be done to help y1 is to p\r 9 ! light ( tru? on y\r m9ds1 to urge y to reflect on1 & pray ov] ! subject4 ,?is is all !y c d = y1 y mu/ "w out y\r own deliv]ance ) fe> & trembl+1 & ) ! direction & bless+ ( ,god1 y c d x4 ,nor!rn wom5 may labor to produce a correct public op9ion at ! ,nor?1 b if ,s\!rn wom5 sit d[n 9 li/less indiff]5ce & crim9al idl5ess1 public op9ion _c be rectifi$ & purifi$ at ! ,s\?4 ,x is manife/ to e reflect+ m9d1 t slav]y mu/ be aboli%$2 ! era 9 :i* we live1 & ! light :i* is ov]spread+ ! :ole _w on ?is subject1 cle>ly %[ t ! "t _c be di/ant :5 x w be done4 ,n[ !re are only two ways 9 :i* x c be effect$1 by moral p[] or physical =ce1 & x is = y to *oose :i* ( ^! y pref]4 ,slav]y always has1 & always w produce insurrections :]ev] x exi/s1 because x is a violation ( ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 & no human p[] c mu* long] p]petuate x4 ,! oppos]s ( abolitioni/s fully believe ?is2 "o ( !m rem>k$ to me n long s9ce1 !re is no d\bt !re w be a mo/ t]rible ov]turn+ at ! ,s\? 9 a few ye>s1 su* cruelty & wrong1 mu/ be visit$ ) ,div9e v5geance soon4 ,abolitioni/s believe1 too1 t ?is mu/ inevitably be ! case1 if y d n rep5t1 & !y are n will+ to leave y to p]i% )\t entreat+ y1 to save y\rselves f de/ruction2 well may !y say ) ! apo/le1 am ,i !n y\r enemy because ,i tell y ! tru?1 & w>n y to flee f imp5d+ judgm5ts4 ,b :y1 my de> fri5ds1 h ,i ?us be5 endeavor+ to lead y ?r\gh ! hi/ory ( m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 & to po9t y to t great cl\d ( witnesses :o h gone be=e1 f works to rew>ds8 ,h ,i be5 seek+ to magnify ! suff]+s1 & exalt ! "* ( woman1 t %e might h praise ( m58 ,no6 no6 my object has be5 to ar\se y1 z ! wives & mo!rs1 ! daught]s & si/]s1 ( ! ,s\?1 to a s5se ( y\r duty z wom51 & z ,*ri/ian wom51 on t great subject1 :i* has already %ak5 our c\ntry1 f ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ! lakes1 to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 & f ! ,mississippi to ! %ores ( ! ,atlantic2 & w cont9ue mightily to %ake x1 until ! pollut$ temple ( slav]y fall & crumble into ru94 ,i w\ld say unto ea* "o ( y1 :at meane/ ?\1 ,o sleep]6 arise & call ^u ?y ,god1 if s be t ,god w ?9k ^u u t we p]i% n4 ,p]ceive y n t d>k cl\d ( v5geance :i* hangs ov] our boa/+ ,republic8 ,saw y n ! lightn+s ( ,heav5's wra?1 9 ! flame :i* leap$ f ! ,indian's tor* to ! ro( ( yond] dwell+1 & light$ ) its horrid gl>e ! d>kness ( midnight8 ,he>d y n ! ?und]s ( ,div9e ang]1 z ! di/ant ro> ( ! cannon came roll+ onw>d1 f ! ,texian c\ntry1 :]e ,prote/ant ,am]ican ,rebels are fight+ ) ,mexican ,republicans--= :at8 ,= ! re-e/abli%m5t ( slav]y2 yes6 ( ,am]ican slav]y 9 ! bosom ( a ,ca?olic ,republic1 :]e t sy/em ( robb]y1 viol5ce1 & wrong1 _h be5 legally aboli%$ = twelve ye>s4 ,yes6 citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 aft] plund]+ ,mexico ( h] l&1 are n[ engag$ 9 deadly conflict1 = ! privilege ( fa/5+ *a9s1 & coll>s1 & manacles--^u :om8 ^u ! subjects ( "s =eign pr9ce8 ,no6 ^u native born ,am]ican ,republican citiz5s1 al?\gh ! fa!rs ( ^! v m5 decl>$ to ! :ole _w1 :ile /ruggl+ to free !mselves f ! ?ree p5ny taxes ( an ,engli% k+1 t !y believ$ x to be a self-evid5t tru? t all m5 7 creat$ equal1 & _h an unali5able "r to lib]ty4 ,well may ! poet exclaim 9 bitt] s>casm1 ,! fu/ian flag t pr\dly waves ,9 solemn mock]y o'er a l& ( slaves4 ,c y n1 my fri5ds1 und]/& ! signs ( ! times2 d y n see ! sword ( retributive ju/ice hang+ ov] ! ,s\?1 or are y /ill slumb]+ at y\r po/s8--,are !re no ,%iphrahs1 no ,puahs among y1 :o w d>e 9 ,*ri/ian firmness & ,*ri/ian meekness1 to refuse to obey ! wick$ laws :i* require woman to enslave1 to degrade & to brutalize woman8 ,are !re no ,miriams1 :o w\ld rejoice to lead out ! captive daught]s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to lib]ty & light8 ,are !re no ,huldahs !re :o w d>e to speak ! tru? conc]n+ ! s9s ( ! p & ^? judgm5ts1 :i* x requires no prophet's eye to see1 mu/ foll[ if rep5tance is n spe$ily s\ght8 ,is !re no ,e/h] among y :o w plead = ! poor devot$ slave8 ,read ! hi/ory ( ?is ,p]sian que51 x is full ( in/ruction2 %e at fir/ refus$ to plead = ! ,jews2 b1 he> ! words ( ,mordecai1 ,?9k n )9 ?yself1 t ?\ %alt escape 9 ! k+'s h\se m ?an all ! ,jews1 = if ?\ altoge!r holde/ ?y peace at ?is "t1 !n %all !re enl>gem5t & deliv]ance arise to ! ,jews f ano!r place3 b ?\ & ?y fa!r's h\se %all be de/roy$4 ,li/51 too1 to h] magnanim\s reply to ?is p[]ful appeal2 ,i w g 9 unto ! k+1 :i* is n accord+ to law1 & if ,i p]i%4 ,i p]i%4 ,yes6 if !re 7 b "o ,e/h] at ! ,s\?1 %e might save h] c\ntry f ru92 b let ! ,*ri/ian wom5 !re arise1 z ! ,*ri/ian wom5 ( ,great ,brita9 did1 9 ! maje/y ( moral p[]1 & t salvation is c]ta94 ,let !m embody !mselves 9 societies1 & s5d petitions up to _! diff]5t legislatures1 entreat+ _! husb&s1 fa!rs1 bro!rs & sons1 to aboli% ! in/itution ( slav]y2 no long] to subject woman to ! sc\rge & ! *a91 to m5tal d>kness & moral degradation2 no long] to te> husb&s f _! wives1 & *ildr5 f _! p>5ts2 no long] to make m51 wom51 & *ildr51 "w )\t wages2 no long] to make _! lives bitt] 9 h>d bondage2 no long] to r$uce ,am]ican citiz5s to ! abject condition ( slaves1 ( *attels p]sonal2 no long] to b>t] ! image ( ,god 9 human %ambles = corruptible ?+s su* z silv] & gold4 ,! wom5 ( ! ,s\? c ov]?r[ ?is horrible sy/em ( oppression & cruelty1 lic5ti\sness & wrong4 ,su* appeals to y\r legislatures w\ld be irresi/ible1 = !re is some?+ 9 ! he>t ( man :i* w b5d "u moral suasion4 ,!re is a swift witness = tru? 9 8 bosom1 :i* w respond to tru? :5 x is utt]$ ) calmness & dignity4 ,if y c\ld obta9 b six signatures to su* a petition 9 only "o /ate1 ,i w\ld say1 s5d up t petition1 & be n 9 ! lea/ disc\rag$ by ! sc(fs & je]s ( ! he>tless1 or ! resolution ( ! h\se to lay x on ! table4 ,x w be a great ?+ if ! subject c be introduc$ into y\r legislatures 9 any way1 ev5 by wom51 & !y w be ! mo/ likely to introduce x !re 9 ! be/ possible mann]1 z a matt] ( morals & religion1 n ( exp$i5cy or politics4 ,y may petition1 too1 ! diff]5t1 ecclesia/ical bodies ( ! slave /ates4 ,slav]y mu/ be attack$ ) ! :ole p[] ( tru? & ! sword ( ! _s4 ,y mu/ take x up on ,*ri/ian gr\nd1 & fight aga9/ x ) ,*ri/ian weapons1 :il/ y\r feet are %od ) ! prep>ation ( ! gospel ( peace4 ,& y are n[ l\dly call$ ^u by ! cries ( ! wid[ & ! orphan1 to arise & gird y\rselves = ?is great moral conflict1 ) ! :ole arm\r ( righte\sness ^u ! "r h& & on ! left4 ,!re is e enc\ragem5t = y to labor & pray1 my fri5ds1 because ! abolition ( slav]y z well z its exi/5ce1 has be5 ! !me ( prophecy4 ,e?iopia 7says ! ,psalmi/7 %all /ret* =? h] h&s unto ,god4 ,& is %e n n[ do+ s8 ,are n ! ,*ri/ian negroes ( ! s\? lift+ _! h&s 9 pray] = deliv]ance1 j z ! ,israelites did :5 _! r$emption 0 draw+ nigh8 ,are !y n sigh+ & cry+ by reason ( ! h>d bondage8 ,& ?9k y1 t ,he1 ( :om x 0 said1 & ,god he>d _! groan+1 & _! cry came up unto him by reason ( ! h>d bondage1 ?9k y t 8 e> is heavy t he _c n[ he> ! cries ( 8 suff]+ *ildr58 ,or t ,he :o rais$ up a ,moses1 an ,a>on1 & a ,miriam1 to br+ !m up out ( ! l& ( ,egypt f ! h\se ( bondage1 _c n[1 ) a high h& & a /ret*$ out arm1 rid ! poor negroes out ( ! h&s ( _! ma/]s8 ,surely y believe t 8 arm is n %ort5$ t he _c save4 ,& w\ld n su* a "w ( m]cy r$\nd to 8 glory8 ,b ano!r /r+ ( ! h>p ( prophecy vibrates to ! song ( deliv]ance3 ,b !y %all sit e man "u 8 v9e1 & "u 8 fig-tree1 & none %all make !m afraid2 = ! m\? ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s ha? spok5 x4 ,! slave nev] c d ?is z long z he is a slave2 :il/ he is a *attel p]sonal he c own no prop]ty2 b ! "t is to come :5 e man is to sit "u 8 own v9e & 8 own fig-tree1 & no dom9e]+ driv]1 or irresponsible ma/]1 or irascible mi/ress1 %all make him afraid ( ! *a9 or ! :ip4 ,he>1 too1 ! sweet tones ( ano!r /r+3 ,_m %all run to & fro1 & k %all be increas$4 ,slav]y is an insurm\ntable b>ri] to ! increase ( k 9 e community :]e x exi/s2 slav]y1 !n1 mu/ be aboli%$ be=e ?is pr$iction c be fulfil$4 ,! la/ *ord ,i %all t\*1 w be ?is1 ,!y %all n hurt nor de/roy 9 all my holy m\nta94 ,slav]y1 !n1 mu/ be ov]?r[n be=e ! prophecies c be accompli%$1 b h[ are !y to be fulfil$8 ,w ! :eels ( ! mill5nial c> be roll$ onw>d by miracul\s p[]8 ,no6 ,god designs to conf] ?is holy privilege ^u man2 x is ?r\gh 8 in/rum5tality t ! great & glori\s "w ( re=m+ ! _w is to be done4 ,& see y n h[ ! mighty eng9e ( moral p[] is dragg+ 9 its re> ! ,bible & peace societies1 anti-slav]y & temp]ance1 sabba? s*ools1 moral re=m1 & missions8 or to adopt ano!r figure1 d n ^! sev5 philan?ropic associations compose ! beautiful t9ts 9 t b[ ( promise :i* spans ! ar* ( our moral heav58 ,:o does n believe1 t if ^! societies 7 brok5 up1 _! con/itutions burnt1 & ! va/ ma*9]y ) :i* !y are labor+ to reg5]ate mank9d 0 /opp$1 t ! black cl\ds ( v5geance w\ld soon bur/ ov] our _w1 & e city w\ld witness ! fate ( ! devot$ cities ( ! pla98 ,ea* "o ( ^! societies is walk+ abroad ?r\gh ! e>? scatt]+ ! se$s ( tru? ov] ! wide field ( our _w1 n ) ! hundr$ h&s ( a ,bri>eus1 b ) a hundr$ ?\s&4 ,ano!r enc\ragem5t = y to labor1 my fri5ds1 is1 t y w h ! pray]s & co-op]ation ( ,engli% & ,nor!rn philan?ropi/s4 ,y w nev] b5d y\r knees 9 supplication at ! ?rone ( grace = ! ov]?r[ ( slav]y1 )\t meet+ !re ! spirits ( o!r ,*ri/ians1 :o w m+le _! voices ) y\rs1 z ! morn+ or ev5+ sacrifice asc5ds to ,god4 ,yes1 ! _s ( pray] & ( supplication has be5 p\r$ out ^u _m1 _m he>ts2 !re are wre/l+ ,jacobs :o w n let g ( ! prophetic promises ( deliv]ance = ! captive1 & ! op5+ ( prison doors to !m t are b\nd4 ,!re are ,pauls :o are say+1 9 ref]5ce to ?is subject1 ,"l1 :at wilt ?\ h me to d8 ,!re are ,m>ys sitt+ 9 ! h\se n[1 :o are ready to arise & g =? is ?is "w z soon z ! message is br\ght1 ! ma/] is come & calle? = !e4 ,& !re are ,m>?as1 too1 :o h already gone out to meet ,jesus1 z he b5ds 8 foot/eps to _! bro!r's grave1 & weeps1 n ov] ! lifeless body ( ,laz>us b\nd h& & foot 9 grave-clo!s1 b ov] ! politically & intellectually lifeless slave1 b\nd h& & foot 9 ! iron *a9s ( oppression & ignorance4 ,"s may be ready to say1 z ,m>?a did1 :o seem$ to expect no?+ b sympa?y f ,jesus1 ,"l1 by ?is "t he /9ke?1 = he ha? be5 dead f\r days4 ,%e ?\ght x useless to remove ! /one & expose ! loa?some body ( h] bro!r2 %e c\ld n believe t s great a miracle c\ld be wr\ght1 z to raise t putrefi$ body into life2 b ,jesus said1 take ye away ! /one2 & :5 !y _h tak5 away ! /one :]e ! dead 0 laid1 & uncov]$ ! body ( ,laz>us1 !n x 0 t ,jesus lift$ up 8 eyes & said1 ,fa!r1 ,i ?ank !e t ?\ ha/ he>d me1 c4 ,& :5 he _h ?us spok51 he cri$ ) a l\d voice1 ,laz>us1 come =?4 ,yes1 "s may be ready to say ( ! color$ race1 h[ c !y ev] be rais$ politically & intellectually1 !y h be5 dead f\r hundr$ ye>s8 ,b we h no?+ to d ) h[ ?is is to be done2 our bus9ess is to take away ! /one :i* has cov]$ up ! dead body ( our bro!r1 to expose ! putrid c>cass1 to %[ h[ t body has be5 b\nd ) ! grave-clo!s ( hea!n ignorance1 & 8 face ) ! napk9 ( prejudice1 & hav+ done all x 0 our duty to d1 to /& by ! negro's grave1 9 humble fai? & holy hope1 wait+ to he> ! life-giv+ comm& ( ,laz>us1 come =?4 ,?is is j :at ,anti-,slav]y ,societies are do+2 !y are tak+ away ! /one f ! m\? ( ! tomb ( slav]y1 :]e lies ! putrid c>cass ( our bro!r4 ,!y want ! pure light ( heav5 to %9e into t d>k & gloomy cave2 !y want all m5 to see h[ t dead body has be5 b\nd1 h[ t face has be5 wrapp$ 9 ! napk9 ( prejudice2 & %all !y wait beside t grave 9 va98 ,is n ,jesus /ill ! resurrection & ! life8 ,did ,he come to proclaim lib]ty to ! captive1 & ! op5+ ( prison doors to !m t are b\nd1 9 va98 ,did ,he promise to give beauty = a%es1 ! oil ( joy = m\rn+1 & ! g>m5t ( praise = ! _s ( heav9ess unto !m t m\rn 9 ,zion1 & w ,he refuse to beautify ! m9d1 ano9t ! head1 & ?r[ ar\nd ! captive negro ! mantle ( praise = t _s ( heav9ess :i* has s long b\nd him d[n to ! gr\nd8 ,or %all we n r say ) ! prophet1 ! zeal ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s w p]=m ?is8 ,yes1 8 promises are sure1 & am5 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 t he w assemble h] t halte?1 & ga!r h] t is driv5 out1 & h] t is afflict$4 ,b ,i w n[ say a few words on ! subject ( ,abolitionism4 ,d\btless y h all he>d ,anti-,slav]y ,societies d5\nc$ z insurrection>y & mis*iev\s1 fanatical & dang]\s4 ,x has be5 said !y publi% ! mo/ abom9able untru?s1 & t !y are endeavor+ to excite rebellions at ! ,s\?4 ,h y believ$ ^! reports1 my fri5ds8 h y also be5 deceiv$ by ^! false ass]tions8 ,li/5 to me1 !n1 :il/ ,i endeavor to wipe f ! fair "* ( ,abolitionism su* unf\nd$ accusations4 ,y "k t ,i am a ,s\!rn]2 y "k t my de>e/ relatives are n[ 9 a slave ,/ate4 ,c y = a mom5t believe ,i w\ld prove s recreant to ! feel+s ( a daught] & a si/]1 z to jo9 a society :i* 0 seek+ to ov]?r[ slav]y by falsehood1 blood%$1 & murd]8 ,i appeal to y :o h kn[n & lov$ me 9 days t are pass$1 c y believe x8 ,no6 my fri5ds4 ,z a ,c>ol9ian1 ,i 0 peculi>ly jeal\s ( any movem5ts on ?is subject2 & be=e ,i w\ld jo9 an ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ,i took ! precaution ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) "s ( ! lead+ ,abolitioni/s1 ( read+ _! publications & att5d+ _! meet+s1 at :i* ,i he>d addresses bo? f color$ & :ite m52 & x 0 n until ,i 0 fully conv9c$ t _! pr9ciples 7 entirely pacific1 & _! ef=ts only moral1 t ,i gave my "n z a memb] to ! ,female ,anti-,slav]y ,society ( ,philadelphia4 ,s9ce t "t1 ,i h regul>ly tak5 ! ,lib]ator1 & read _m ,anti-,slav]y pamphlets & pap]s & books1 & c assure y ,i nev] h se5 a s+le insurrection>y p>agraph1 & nev] read any acc\nt ( cruelty :i* ,i c\ld n believe4 ,s\!rn]s may d5y ! tru? ( ^! acc\nts1 b :y d !y n prove !m to be false4 ,_! viol5t expressions ( horror at su* acc\nts be+ believ$1 may deceive "s1 b !y _c deceive me1 = ,i liv$ too long 9 ! mid/ ( slav]y1 n to "k :at slav]y is4 ,:5 ,i speak ( ?is sy/em1 ,i speak t ,i d "k1 & ,i am n at all afraid to ass]t1 t ,anti-,slav]y publications h n ov]drawn ! mon/r\s features ( slav]y at all4 ,& _m a ,s\!rn] kn[s ?is z well z ,i d4 ,a lady 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a rem>k$ to a fri5d ( m9e1 ab\t eighte5 mon?s s9ce1 ,nor!rn]s "k no?+ at all ab\t slav]y2 !y ?9k x is p]petual bondage only2 b ( ! dep? ( degradation t ^w involves1 !y h no conception2 if !y _h1 !y w\ld nev] cease _! ef=ts until s horrible a sy/em 0 ov]?r[n4 ,%e did n "k h[ fai?fully "s ,nor!rn m5 & ,nor!rn wom5 _h /udi$ ?is subject2 h[ dilig5tly !y _h se>*$ out ! cause ( him :o _h none to help him1 & h[ fe>lessly !y _h told ! /ory ( ! negro's wrongs4 ,yes1 ,nor!rn]s "k e ?+ ab\t slav]y n[4 ,?is mon/] ( iniquity has be5 unveil$ to ! _w1 h] frightful features unmask$1 & soon1 v soon w %e be reg>d$ ) no m complac5cy by ! ,am]ican republic ?an is ! idol ( ,jugg]naut1 roll+ its bloody :eels ov] ! cru%$ bodies ( its pro/rate ,victims4 ,b y w probably ask1 if ,anti-,slav]y societies are n insurrection>y1 :y d ,nor!rn]s tell u !y are8 ,:y1 ,i w\ld ask y 9 return1 did ,nor!rn s5ators & ,nor!rn repres5tatives give _! votes1 at ! la/ sitt+ ( congress1 to ! admission ( ,arkansas ,t]ritory z a /ate8 ,take ^? m51 "o by "o1 & ask !m 9 _! p>l\rs1 d y approve ( slav]y8 ask !m on ,nor!rn gr\nd1 :]e !y w speak ! tru?1 & ,i d\bt n e man ( !m w tell y1 no6 ,:y !n1 ,i ask1 did !y give _! votes to enl>ge ! m\? ( t grave :i* has already de/roy$ its t5s ( ?\s&s8 ,all our enemies tell u !y are z mu* anti-slav]y z we are4 ,yes1 my fri5ds1 ?\s&s :o are help+ y to b9d ! fett]s ( slav]y on ! negro1 despise y 9 _! he>ts = do+ x2 !y rejoice t su* an in/itution has n be5 entail$ ^u !m4 ,:y !n1 ,i w\ld ask1 d !y l5d y _! help8 ,i w tell y1 !y love ! praise ( m5 m ?an ! praise ( ,god4 ,! ,abolition cause has n yet become s popul> z to induce !m to believe1 t by advocat+ x 9 congress1 !y %all sit /ill m securely 9 _! seats !re1 & l ! *ief rul]s 9 ! days ( our ,savi\r1 ?\gh _m believ$ on him1 yet !y did n confess him1 le/ !y %\ld be put out ( ! synagogue2 ,john xii1 #db1 #dc4 ,or p]haps l ,pilate1 ?9k+ !y c\ld prevail no?+1 & fe>+ a tumult1 !y det]m9$ to release ,b>abbas & surr5d] ! j man1 ! poor innoc5t slave to be /ripp$ ( 8 rights & sc\rg$4 ,9 va9 w su* m5 try to wa% _! h&s1 & say1 ) ! ,roman gov]nor1 ,i am innoc5t ( ! blood ( ?is j p]son4 ,nor!rn ,am]ican /atesm5 are no m innoc5t ( ! crime ( slav]y1 ?an ,pilate 0 ( ! murd] ( ,jesus1 or ,saul ( t ( ,/eph54 ,^! are high *>ges1 b ,i appeal to _! he>ts2 ,i appeal to public op9ion t5 ye>s f n[4 ,slav]y !n is a national s94 ,b y w say1 a great _m o!r ,nor!rn]s tell u s1 :o c h no political motives4 ,! int]e/s ( ! ,nor?1 y mu/ "k1 my fri5ds1 are v closely comb9$ ) ^? ( ! ,s\?4 ,! ,nor!rn m]*ants & manufactur]s are mak+ _! =tunes out ( ! produce ( slave labor2 ! groc] is sell+ y\r rice & sug>2 h[ !n c ^! m5 be> a te/imony aga9/ slav]y )\t condemn+ !mselves8 ,b !re is ano!r reason1 ! ,nor? is mo/ dreadfully afraid ( ,amalgamation4 ,%e is al>m$ at ! v idea ( a ?+ s mon/r\s1 z %e ?9ks4 ,& le/ ?is consequ5ce might fl[ f emancipation1 %e is det]m9$ to resi/ all ef=ts at emancipation )\t expatriation4 ,x is n because %e approves ( slav]y1 or believes x to be ! corn] /one ( our republic1 = %e is z mu* anti-slav]y z we are2 b amalgamation is too horrible to ?9k (4 ,n[ ,i w\ld ask y1 is x "r1 is x g5]\s1 to refuse ! color$ p 9 ?is c\ntry ! advantages ( education & ! privilege1 or r ! "r1 to foll[ hone/ trades & call+s m]ely because !y are color$8 ,! same prejudice exi/s "h aga9/ our color$ bre?r5 t exi/$ aga9/ ! ,g5tiles 9 ,judea4 ,great numb]s _c be> ! idea ( equality1 & fe>+ le/1 if !y _h ! same advantages we enjoy1 !y w\ld become z intellig5t1 z moral1 z religi\s1 & z respectable & weal?y1 !y are det]m9$ to keep !m z l[ z !y possibly c4 ,is ?is do+ z !y w\ld be done by8 ,is ?is lov+ _! neighbor z !mselves8 ,oh6 t su* oppos]s ( ,abolitionism w\ld put _! s\ls 9 ! /ead ( ! free color$ man's & obey ! apo/olic injunction1 to rememb] !m t are 9 bonds z b\nd ) !m4 ,i w leave y to judge :e!r ! fe> ( amalgamation ought to induce m5 to oppose anti-slav]y ef=ts1 :5 !y believe slav]y to be s9ful4 ,prejudice aga9/ color1 is ! mo/ p[]ful enemy we h to fight ) at ! ,nor?4 ,y ne$ n be surpris$1 !n1 at all1 at :at is said aga9/ ,abolitioni/s by ! ,nor?1 = !y are wield+ a two-edg$ sword1 :i* ev5 "h1 cuts ?r\gh ! cords ( ca/e1 on ! "o side1 & ! bonds ( int]e/ on ! o!r4 ,!y are only %>+ ! fate ( o!r re=m]s1 abus$ & revil$ :il/ !y are 9 ! m9ority2 b !y are nei!r angry nor disc\rag$ by ! invective :i* has be5 heap$ ^u !m by slavehold]s at ! ,s\? & _! apologi/s at ! ,nor?4 ,!y "k t :5 ,george ,fox & ,william ,edmundson 7 labor+ 9 behalf ( ! negroes 9 ! ,we/ ,indies 9 #afga t ! v same sl&]s 7 propogat$ aga9/ !m1 :i* are n[ circulat$ aga9/ ,abolitioni/s4 ,al?\gh x 0 well kn[n t ,fox 0 ! f\nd] ( a religi\s sect :i* repudiat$ all w>1 & all viol5ce1 yet ev5 he 0 accus$ ( endeavor+ to excite ! slaves to insurrection & ( tea*+ ! negroes to cut _! ma/]'s ?roats4 ,& ^! two m5 :o _h _! feet %od ) ! prep>ation ( ! ,gospel ( ,peace1 7 actually compell$ to draw up a =mal decl>ation t !y 7 n try+ to raise a rebellion 9 ,b>badoes4 ,x is also wor?y ( rem>k t ^! ,re=m]s did n at ?is "t see ! necessity ( emancipation "u sev5 ye>s1 & _! pr9cipal ef=ts 7 ex]t$ to p]suade ! plant]s ( ! necessity ( in/ruct+ _! slaves2 b ! slavehold] saw !n1 j :at ! slavehold] sees n[1 t an enlight5$ population nev] c be a slave population1 & !re=e !y pass$ a law1 t negroes %\ld n ev5 att5d ! meet+s ( ,fri5ds4 ,abolitioni/s "k t ! life ( ,cl>kson 0 s\ght by slavetrad]s2 & t ev5 ,wilb]=ce 0 d5\nc$ on ! floor ( ,p>liam5t z a fanatic & a hypocrite by ! pres5t ,k+ ( ,engl&1 ! v man :o1 9 #ahcd1 set 8 seal to t in/rum5t :i* bur/ ! fett]s ( eight hundr$ ?\s& slaves 9 8 ,we/ ,india colonies4 ,!y "k t ! fir/ ,quak] :o bore a fai?ful te/imony aga9/ ! s9 ( slav]y 0 cut (f f religi\s fell[%ip ) t society4 ,t ,quak] 0 a woman4 ,on h] dea?b$ %e s5t = ! committee :o dealt ) h]--%e told !m1 ! ne> approa* ( dea? _h n alt]$ h] s5tim5ts on ! subject ( slav]y & wav+ h] h& t[>ds a v f]tile & beautiful portion ( c\ntry :i* lay /ret*$ be=e h] w9d[1 %e said ) great solemnity1 ,fri5ds1 ! "t w come :5 !re w n be fri5ds en\gh 9 all ?is di/rict to hold "o meet+ = wor%ip1 & ?is g>d5 w be turn$ into a wild]ness4 ,! ag$ fri5d1 :o ) te>s 9 8 eyes1 relat$ ?is int]e/+ circum/ance to me1 rem>k$1 t at t "t !re 7 sev5 meet+s ( fri5ds 9 t "p ( ,virg9ia1 b t :5 he 0 !re t5 ye>s ago1 n a s+le meet+ 0 held1 & ! c\ntry 0 lit]ally a desolation4 ,soon aft] h] decease1 ,john ,woolman began 8 labors 9 our society1 & in/ead ( dis[n+ a memb] = te/ify+ aga9/ slav]y1 !y h = fifty-two ye>s positively =bidd5 _! memb]s to hold slaves4 ,abolitioni/s und]/& ! slavehold+ _s too well to be surpris$ at any ?+ t has yet happ5$ at ! ,s\? or ! ,nor?2 !y "k t ! great] ! s9 is1 :i* is expos$1 ! m viol5t w be ! ef=ts to black5 ! "* & impugn ! motives ( ^? :o are engag$ 9 br++ to light ! hidd5 ?+s ( d>kness4 ,!y und]/& ! "w ( ,re=m too well to be driv5 back by ! furi\s waves ( opposition1 :i* are only foam+ out _! own %ame4 ,!y h /ood ! _w's dread laugh1 :5 only twelve m5 =m$ ! fir/ ,anti-,slav]y ,society 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahca4 ,!y h fac$ & refut$ ! calumnies ( _! enemies1 & prov$ !mselves to be emphatically peace m5 by nev] resi/+ ! viol5ce ( mobs1 ev5 :5 driv5 by !m f ! temple ( ,god1 & dragg$ by an infuriat$ cr[d ?r\gh ! /reets ( ! emporium ( ,new-,engl&1 or subject$ by slavehold]s to ! pa9 ( corporal puni%m5t4 ,none ( ^! ?+s move !m2 &1 by ! grace ( ,god1 !y are det]m9$ to p]sev]e 9 ?is "w ( fai? & labor ( love3 !y mean to pray1 & prea*1 & write1 & pr9t1 until slav]y is completely ov]?r[n1 until ,babylon is tak5 up & ca/ into ! sea1 to be f\nd no m at all4 ,!y mean to petition ,congress ye> aft] ye>1 until ! seat ( our gov]nm5t is cleans$ f ! s9ful traffic ( slaves & ! s\ls ( m54 ,al?\gh t augu/ assembly may be l ! unju/ judge :o fe>$ n ,god nei!r reg>d$ man1 yet x mu/ yield j z he did1 f ! p[] ( importunity4 ,l ! unju/ judge1 ,congress mu/ r$ress ! wrongs ( ! wid[1 le/ by ! cont9ual com+ up ( petitions1 x be we>i$4 ,?is w be /rik+ ! dagg] into ! v he>t ( ! mon/]1 & once 'tis done1 he mu/ soon expire4 ,abolitioni/s h be5 accus$ ( abus+ _! ,s\!rn bre?r54 ,did ! prophet ,isaiah abuse ! ,jews :5 he address$ to !m ! cutt+ repro(s conta9$ 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8 prophecies1 & end$ by tell+ !m1 !y w\ld be a%am$ ( ! oaks !y _h desir$1 & conf\nd$ = ! g>d5 !y _h *os58 ,did ,john ! ,bapti/ abuse ! ,jews :5 he call$ !m a g5]ation ( vip]s1 & w>n$ !m to br+ =? fruits meet = rep5tance8 ,did ,pet] abuse ! ,jews :5 he told !m !y 7 ! murd]]s ( ! ,"l ( ,glory8 ,did ,paul abuse ! ,roman ,gov]nor :5 he reason$ be=e him ( righte\sness1 temp]ance1 & judgm5t1 s z to s5d conviction home to 8 guilty he>t1 & cause him to tremble 9 view ( ! crimes he 0 liv+ 98 ,surely n4 ,no man w n[ accuse ! prophets & apo/les ( abuse1 b :at h ,abolitioni/s done m ?an !y8 ,no d\bt ! ,jews ?\ght ! prophets & apo/les 9 _! day1 j z h>% & un*>itable z slavehold]s n[1 ?9k ,abolitioni/s2 if !y did n1 :y did !y beat1 & /one1 & kill !m8 ,great fault has be5 f\nd ) ! pr9ts :i* h be5 employ$ to expose slav]y at ! ,nor?1 b my fri5ds1 h[ c\ld ?is be done s effectually 9 any o!r way8 ,until ! pictures ( ! slave's suff]+s 7 drawn & held up to public gaze1 no ,nor!rn] _h any idea ( ! cruelty ( ! sy/em1 x nev] ent]$ _! m9ds t su* abom9ations c\ld exi/ 9 ,*ri/ian1 ,republican ,am]ica2 !y nev] suspect$ t _m ( ! g5tlem5 & ladies :o came f ! ,s\? to sp5d ! summ] mon?s 9 travell+ among !m1 7 petty tyrants at home4 ,& ^? :o _h liv$ at ! ,s\?1 & came to reside at ! ,nor?1 7 too a%am$ ( slav]y ev5 to speak ( x2 ! language ( _! he>ts 01 tell x n 9 ,ga?1 publi% x n 9 ! /reets ( ,askelon2 !y saw no use 9 uncov]+ ! loa?some body to popul> sight1 & 9 hopeless despair1 wept 9 secret places ov] ! s9s ( oppression4 ,to su* hidd5 m\rn]s ! =mation ( ,anti-,slav]y ,societies 0 z life f ! dead1 ! fir/ beams ( hope :i* gleam$ ?r\gh ! d>k cl\ds ( despond5cy & grief4 ,pr9ts 7 made use ( to effect ! abolition ( ! ,inquisition 9 ,spa91 & ,cl>kson employ$ !m :5 he 0 labor+ to break up ! ,slave trade1 & ,engli% ,abolitioni/s us$ !m j z we are n[ do+4 ,!y are p[]ful appeals & h inv>iably done ! "w !y 7 design$ to d1 & we _c cons5t to ab&on ! use ( ^! until ! realities no long] exi/4 ,) reg>d to ^? :ite m51 :o1 x 0 said1 did try to raise an insurrection 9 ,mississippi a ye> ago1 & :o 7 /at$ to be ,abolitioni/s1 none ( !m 7 prov$ to be memb]s ( ,anti-,slav]y ,societies1 & x mu/ rema9 a matt] ( great d\bt :e!r1 ev5 !y 7 guilty ( ! crimes all$g$ aga9/ !m1 because :5 any community is ?r[n into su* a panic z to inflict ,lyn* law ^u accus$ p]sons1 !y _c be suppos$ to be capable ( judg+ ) calmness & imp>tiality4 ,we "k t ! pap]s ( :i* ! ,*>le/on mail 0 robb$1 7 n insurrection>y1 & t !y 7 n s5t to ! color$ p z 0 report$4 ,we "k t ,amos ,dress] 0 no insurrectioni/ ?\gh he 0 accus$ ( be+ s1 & on ?is false accusation 0 publicly :ipp$ 9 ,na%ville 9 ! mid/ ( a cr[d ( infuriat$ slavehold]s4 ,0 t "y man disgrac$ by ?is infliction ( corporal puni%m5t8 ,no m ?an 0 ! great apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles :o five times receiv$ =ty /ripes1 save "o4 ,l him1 he might h said1 h5ce=? ,i be> 9 my body ! m>ks ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 = x 0 = ! tru?'s sake1 he suff]$1 z mu* z did ! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,are ,nelson1 & ,g>rett1 & ,williams1 & o!r ,abolitioni/s :o h rec5tly be5 bani%$ f ,miss\ri1 insurrectioni/s8 ,we "k !y are n1 :atev] slavehold]s may *oose to call !m4 ,! _s :i* n[ asp]ses ! "* ( ! ,abolitioni/s1 is ! v same :i* dress$ up ! ,*ri/ians ( ,spa9 9 ! sk9s ( wild bea/s & pictures ( devils :5 !y 7 l$ to execution z h]etics4 ,be=e we condemn individuals1 x is necess>y1 ev5 9 a wick$ community1 to accuse !m ( "s crime2 h5ce1 :5 ,jezebel wi%$ to compass ! dea? ( ,nabo?1 m5 ( ,belial 7 suborn$ to be> false witness aga9/ him1 & s x 0 ) ,/eph51 & s x ev] has be51 & ev] w be1 z long z !re is any virtue to suff] on ! rack1 or ! gall[s4 ,false witnesses mu/ appe> aga9/ ,abolitioni/s be=e !y c be condemn$4 ,i w n[ say a few words on ,george ,?ompson's mission to ?is c\ntry4 ,?is ,philan?ropi/ 0 accus$ ( be+ a =eign emiss>y4 ,7 ,la ,fayette1 & ,/eub51 & ,de ,kalb1 =eign emiss>ies :5 !y came ov] to ,am]ica to fight aga9/ ! tories1 :o pref]r$ submitt+ to :at 0 t]m$1 ! yoke ( s]vitude1 r ?an bur/+ ! fett]s :i* b\nd !m to ! "m c\ntry8 ,!y came ) c>nal weapons to engage 9 bloody conflict aga9/ ,am]ican citiz5s1 & yet1 :]e d _! names /& on ! page ( ,hi/ory4 ,among ! honorable1 or ! l[8 ,?ompson came "h to w> aga9/ ! giant s9 ( slav]y1 n ) ! sword & ! pi/ol1 b ) ! smoo? /ones ( oratory tak5 f ! pure wat]s ( ! riv] ( ,tru?4 ,8 spl5did tal5ts & comm&+ eloqu5ce r5d]$ him a p[]ful coadjutor 9 ! ,anti-,slav]y cause1 & 9 ord] to neutralize ! effects ( ^! ^u 8 auditors1 & rob ! poor slave ( ! b5efits ( 8 labors1 8 "* 0 defam$1 8 life 0 s\ght1 & he at la/ driv5 f our ,republic1 z a fugitive4 ,b 0 ,?ompson disgrac$ by all ?is mean & contemptible & wick$ *ican]y & malice8 ,no m ?an 0 ,paul1 :5 9 consequ5ce ( a vision he _h se5 at ,troas1 he w5t ov] to ,mac$onia to help ! ,*ri/ians !re1 & 0 beat5 & imprison$1 because he ca/ out a _s ( div9ation f a "y damsel :i* _h br\ght mu* ga9 to h] ma/]s4 ,paul 0 z mu* a =eign emiss>y 9 ! ,roman colony ( ,philippi1 z ,george ,?ompson 0 9 ,am]ica1 & x 0 because he 0 a ,jew1 & taught cu/oms x 0 n lawful = !m to receive or obs]ve1 be+ ,romans1 t ! ,apo/le 0 ?us treat$4 ,x 0 said1 ,?ompson 0 a felon1 :o _h fl$ to ?is c\ntry to escape transportation to ,new ,holl&4 ,look at him n[ p\r+ ! ?und]+ /ra9s ( 8 eloqu5ce1 ^u cr[d$ audi5ces 9 ,great ,brita91 & see 9 ?is a triumphant v9dication ( 8 "*4 ,& h ! slavehold]1 & 8 obsequi\s apologi/1 ga9$ any ?+ by all _! viol5ce & falsehood8 ,no6 = ! /one :i* /ruck ,golia? ( ,ga?1 _h already be5 ?r[n f ! sl+4 ,! giant ( slav]y :o _h s pr\dly defi$ ! armies ( ! liv+ ,god1 _h receiv$ 8 dea?-bl[ be=e he left our %ores4 ,b :at is ,george ,?ompson do+ !re8 ,is he n n[ labor+ !re1 z effectually to aboli% ,am]ican slav]y z ?\gh he trod our own soil1 & lectur$ to ,new ,york or ,bo/on assemblies8 ,:at is he do+ !re1 b con/ruct+ a /up5d\s dam1 :i* w turn ! ov]:elm+ tide ( public op9ion ov] ! :eels ( t ma*9]y :i* ,abolitioni/s are work+ "h4 ,he is n[ lectur+ to ,britons on ,am]ican ,slav]y1 to ! subjects ( a ,k+1 on ! abject condition ( ! slaves ( a ,republic4 ,he is tell+ !m ( t mighty conf$]acy ( petty tyrants :i* ext5ds ev] ?irte5 ,/ates ( our ,union4 ,he is tell+ !m ( ! munific5t rew>ds (f]$ by slavehold]s1 = ! heads ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ advocates = fre$om 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he is mov+ ! ,briti% ,*ur*es to s5d out to ! *ur*es ( ,am]ica ! mo/ solemn appeals1 reprov+1 rebuk+1 & exhort+ !m ) all long suff]+ & pati5ce to ab&on ! s9 ( slav]y imm$iately4 ,:]e !n ,i ask1 w ! "n ( ,george ,?ompson /& on ! page ( ,hi/ory8 ,among ! honorable1 or ! base8 ,:at c ,i say m1 my fri5ds1 to induce y to set y\r h&s1 & heads1 & he>ts1 to ?is great "w ( ju/ice & m]cy4 ,p]haps y h fe>$ ! consequ5ces ( imm$iate ,emancipation1 & be5 fright5$ by all ^? dreadful prophecies ( rebellion1 blood%$ & murd]1 :i* h be5 utt]$4 ,let no man deceive y2 !y are ! pr$ictions ( t same ly+ _s :i* spoke ?r\gh ! f\r ?\s& prophets ( old1 to ,ahab k+ ( ,israel1 urg+ him on to de/ruction4 ,slav]y may produce ^! horrible sc5es if x is cont9u$ five ye>s long]1 b ,emancipation nev] w4 ,i c prove ! safety ( imm$iate ,emancipation by hi/ory4 ,9 ,/4 ,dom+o 9 #agic six hundr$ ?\s& slaves 7 set free 9 a :ite population ( =ty-two ?\s&4 ,t ,isl& m>*$ z by en*antm5t t[>ds its anci5t spl5dor1 cultivation prosp]$1 e day produc$ p]ceptible pro(s ( its progress1 & ! negroes all cont9u$ quietly to "w on ! diff]5t plantations1 until 9 #ahjb1 ,france det]m9$ to r$uce ^! lib]at$ slaves aga9 to bondage4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t all ^? dreadful sc5es ( cruelty occurr$1 :i* we s (t5 unju/ly he> spok5 (1 z ! effects ( ,abolition4 ,!y 7 occasion$ n by ,emancipation1 b by ! base attempt to fa/5 ! *a9s ( slav]y on ! limbs ( lib]at$ slaves4 ,9 ,guadal\pe eighty-five ?\s& slaves 7 fre$ 9 a :ite population ( ?irte5 ?\s&4 ,! same prosp]\s effects foll[$ manumission "h1 t _h att5d$ x 9 ,hayti1 e ?+ 0 quiet until ,buonap>te s5t out a fleet to r$uce ^! negroes aga9 to slav]y1 & 9 #ahjb ?is in/itution 0 re-e/abli%$ 9 t ,isl&4 ,9 #ahcd1 :5 ,great ,brita9 det]m9$ to lib]ate ! slaves 9 h] ,we/ ,india colonies1 & propos$ ! appr5tice%ip sy/em2 ! plant]s ( ,b]muda & ,antigua1 aft] hav+ jo9$ ! o!r plant]s 9 _! repres5tations ( ! bloody consequ5ces ( ,emancipation1 9 ord] if possible to hold back ! h& :i* 0 (f]+ ! boon ( fre$om to ! poor negro2 z soon z !y f\nd su* falsehoods 7 utt]ly disreg>d$1 & ,abolition mu/ take place1 came =w>d volunt>ily1 & ask$ = ! comp5sation :i* 0 due to !m1 say+1 !y pref]r$ imm$iate emancipation1 & 7 n afraid ( any insurrection4 ,& h[ is x ) ^! isl&s n[8 ,!y are decid$ly m prosp]\s ?an any ( ^? 9 :i* ! appr5tice%ip sy/em 0 adopt$1 & ,engl& is n[ try+ to aboli% t sy/em1 s fully conv9c$ is %e t imm$iate ,emancipation is ! safe/ & ! be/ plan4 ,& :y n try x 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 if x nev] has occasion$ rebellion2 if n a drop ( blood has ev] be5 %$ 9 consequ5ce ( x1 ?\gh x has be5 s (t5 tri$1 :y %\ld we suppose x w\ld produce su* disa/r\s consequ5ces n[8 ,be n deceiv$ !n1 ,god is n mock$1 by su* false excuses = n do+ ju/ly & lov+ m]cy4 ,!re is no?+ to fe> f imm$iate ,emancipation1 b e ?+ f ! cont9uance ( slav]y4 ,si/]s 9 ,*ri/1 ,i h done4 ,z a ,s\!rn]1 ,i h felt x 0 my duty to address y4 ,i h endeav\r$ to set be=e y ! exce$+ s9fulness ( slav]y1 & to po9t y to ! example ( ^? noble wom5 :o h be5 rais$ up 9 ! *ur* to effect great revolutions1 & to suff] = ! tru?'s sake4 ,i h appeal$ to y\r sympa?ies z wom51 to y\r s5se ( duty z ,*ri/ian wom54 ,i h attempt$ to v9dicate ! ,abolitioni/s1 to prove ! entire safety ( imm$iate ,emancipation1 & to plead ! cause ( ! poor & oppress$4 ,i h done--,i h s[$ ! se$s ( tru?1 b ,i well "k1 t ev5 if an ,apollos 7 to foll[ 9 my /eps to wat] !m1 ,god only c give ! increase4 ,to ,him !n :o is able to prosp] ! "w ( 8 s]vant's h&1 ,i comm5d ?is ,appeal 9 f]v5t pray]1 t z he ha? *os5 ! weak ?+s ( ! _w1 to conf\nd ! ?+s :i* are mighty1 s ,he may cause ,8 bless+1 to desc5d & c>ry conviction to ! he>ts ( _m ,lydias ?r\gh ^! speak+ pages4 ,f>ewell4--,c\nt me n y\r enemy because ,i h told y ! tru?1 b believe me 9 unfeign$ affection1 ,y\r sympa?iz+ ,fri5d1 ,,angel9a ,e4 ,,grimk4 ,publi%$ by ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 corn] ( ,spruce & ,nassau ,/reets4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,septemb]1 #ahcf4 ,no4 #b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,appeal ,,to ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,wom5 ,,( ,,! ,,s\?1 ,,by ,a4,e4 ,,grimk ,,revis$ ,,& ,,correct$4 ,!n ,mordecai comm&$ to answ] ,e/h]1 ,?9k n )9 ?yself t ?\ %alt escape 9 ! k+'s h\se m ?an all ! ,jews4 ,= if ?\ altoge!r holde/ ?y peace at ?is "t1 !n %alt !re enl>gem5t & deliv]ance arise to ! ,jews f ano!r place3 b ?\ & ?y fa!r's h\se %all be de/roy$3 & :o kn[e? :e!r ?\ art come to ! k+dom = su* a "t z ?is4 ,& ,e/h] bade !m return ,mordecai ?is answ]3--& s w ,i g 9 unto ! k+1 :i* is n accord+ to law1 & if ,i p]i%1 ,i p]i%4 ,e/h] ,,iv4 #ac-af4 ,,respect$ ,,fri5ds1 ,x is because ,i feel a deep & t5d] int]e/ 9 y\r pres5t & et]nal welf>e t ,i am will+ ?us publicly to address y4 ,"s ( y h lov$ me z a relative1 & "s h felt b\nd to me 9 ,*ri/ian sympa?y1 & ,gospel fell[%ip2 & ev5 :5 compell$ by a /rong s5se ( duty1 to break ^? outw>d bonds ( union :i* b\nd u toge!r z memb]s ( ! same community1 & memb]s ( ! same religi\s d5om9ation1 y 7 g5]\s en\gh to give me cr$it1 = s9c]ity z a ,*ri/ian1 ?\gh y believ$ ,i _h be5 mo/ /rangely deceiv$4 ,i ?ank$ y !n = y\r k9dness1 & ,i ask y n[1 = ! sake ( =m] confid5ce1 & =m] fri5d%ip1 to read ! foll[+ pages 9 ! _s ( calm inve/igation & f]v5t pray]4 ,x is because y h kn[n me1 t ,i write ?us unto y4 ,b !re are o!r ,*ri/ian wom5 scatt]$ ov] ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ( :om a v l>ge numb] h nev] se5 me1 & nev] he>d my "n1 & feel no p]sonal int]e/ :atev] 9 me4 ,b ,i feel an int]e/ 9 y1 z bran*es ( ! same v9e f ^: root ,i daily draw ! pr9ciple ( spiritual vitality--,yes6 ,si/]s 9 ,*ri/ ,i feel an int]e/ 9 y1 & (t5 has ! secret pray] aris5 on y\r behalf1 ,"l op5 ?\ _! eyes t !y may see wondr\s ?+s out ( ?y ,law--,x is !n1 because ,i d feel & d pray = y1 t ,i ?us address y ^u a subject ab\t :i* ( all o!rs1 p]haps y w\ld r n he> any ?+2 b1 w\ld to ,god ye c\ld be> ) me a little 9 my folly1 & inde$ be> ) me1 = ,i am jeal\s ov] y ) godly jeal\sy4 ,be n afraid !n to read my appeal2 x is n writt5 9 ! heat ( passion or prejudice1 b 9 t solemn calmness :i* is ! result ( conviction & duty4 ,x is true1 ,i am go+ to tell y unwelcome tru?s1 b ,i mean to speak ^! tru?s 9 love1 & rememb] ,solomon says1 fai?ful are ! w\nds ( a fri5d4 ,i d n believe ! "t has yet come :5 ,*ri/ian wom5 w n endure s\nd doctr9e1 ev5 on ! subject ( ,slav]y1 if x is spok5 to !m 9 t5d]ness & love1 !re=e ,i n[ address y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,po/age4--,?is p]iodical conta9s f\r & a half %eets4 ,po/age "u #ajj miles1 #f #c-d c5ts2 ov] #ajj miles1 #aa #a-d c5ts4 ,,please ,,read ,,& ,,circulate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to all ( y !n1 kn[n or unkn[n1 relatives or /rang]s1 7= y are all "o 9 ,*ri/17 ,i w\ld speak4 ,i h felt = y at ?is "t1 :5 unwelcome light is p\r+ 9 ^u ! _w on ! subject ( slav]y2 light :i* ev5 ,*ri/ians w\ld exclude1 if !y c\ld1 f our c\ntry1 or at any rate f ! s\!rn portion ( x1 say+1 z its rays /rike ! rock b\nd coa/s ( ,new ,engl& & scatt] _! w>m? & radiance ov] h] hills & valleys1 & f !nce travel onw>d ov] ! ,palisades ( ! ,hudson1 & d[n ! s(t fl[+ wat]s ( ! ,delaw>e & gild ! waves ( ! ,potomac1 hi!rto %alt ?\ come & no fur!r2 ,i "k t ev5 pr(essors ( ,8 "n :o has be5 emphatically call$ ! ,light ( ! _w w\ld1 if !y c\ld1 build a wall ( adamant ar\nd ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ^: top might rea* unto heav51 9 ord] to %ut out ! light :i* is b\nd+ f m\nta9 to m\nta9 & f ! hills to ! pla9s & valleys b5ea?1 ?r\gh ! va/ ext5t ( our ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,b believe me1 :5 ,i tell y1 _! attempts w be z utt]ly fruitless z 7 ! ef=ts ( ! build]s ( ,babel2 & :y8 ,because moral1 l natural light1 is s extremely subtle 9 its nature z to ov]leap all human b>ri]s1 & laugh at ! puny ef=ts ( man to control x4 ,all ! excuses & palliations ( ?is sy/em mu/ inevitably be swept away1 j z o!r refuges ( lies h be51 by ! irresi/ible torr5t ( a rectifi$ public op9ion4 ,! support]s ( ! slave sy/em1 says ,jona?an ,dymond 9 8 admirable "w on ! ,pr9ciples ( ,morality1 w h]eaft] be reg>d$ ) ! same public feel+1 z he :o 0 an advocate = ! slave trade n[ is4 ,x w be1 & t v soon1 cle>ly p]ceiv$ & fully ackn[l$g$ by all ! virtu\s & ! c&id1 t 9 pr9ciple x is z s9ful to hold a human be+ 9 bondage :o has be5 born 9 ,c>ol9a1 z "o :o has be5 born 9 ,africa4 ,all t sophi/ry ( argum5t :i* has be5 employ$ to prove1 t al?\gh x is s9ful to s5d to ,africa to procure m5 & wom5 z slaves1 :o h nev] be5 9 slav]y1 t /ill1 x is n s9ful to keep ^? 9 bondage :o h come d[n by inh]itance1 w be utt]ly ov]?r[n4 ,we mu/ come back to ! good old doctr9e ( our =efa!rs :o decl>$ to ! _w1 ?is self evid5t tru? t all m5 are creat$ equal1 & t !y h c]ta9 inali5able rights among :i* are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,x is ev5 a great] absurdity to suppose a man c be legally born a slave "u our free ,republican ,gov]nm5t1 ?an "u ! petty despotisms ( b>b>ian ,africa4 ,if !n1 we h no "r to enslave an ,african1 surely we c h none to enslave an ,am]ican2 if x is a self evid5t tru? t all m51 e :]e & ( e color are born equal1 & h an inali5able "r to lib]ty1 !n x is equally true t no man c be born a slave1 & no man c ev] rightfully be r$uc$ to involunt>y bondage & held z a slave1 h[ev] fair may be ! claim ( 8 ma/] or mi/ress ?r\gh wills & title-de$s4 ,b aft] all1 x may be said1 our fa!rs 7 c]ta9ly mi/ak51 = ! ,bible sanctions ,slav]y1 & t is ! highe/ au?ority4 ,n[ ! ,bible is my ultimate appeal 9 all matt]s ( fai? & practice1 & x is to ?is te/ ,i am anxi\s to br+ ! subject at issue betwe5 u4 ,let u !n beg9 ) ,adam & exam9e ! *>t] ( privileges :i* 0 giv5 to him4 ,h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air1 & ov] e liv+ ?+ t move? ^u ! e>?4 ,9 ! eigh? ,psalm we h a /ill full] description ( ?is *>t] :i* ?r\gh ,adam 0 giv5 to all mank9d4 ,?\ made/ him to h dom9ion ov] ! works ( ?y h&s2 ?\ ha/ put all ?+s "u 8 feet4 ,all %eep & ox51 yea1 & ! bea/s ( ! field1 ! f[l ( ! air1 ! fi% ( ! sea1 & :atsoev] passe? ?r\gh ! pa?s ( ! seas4 ,& aft] ! flood :5 ?is *>t] ( human rights 0 r5ew$1 we f9d no additional p[] ve/$ 9 man4 ,& ! fe> ( y & ! dread ( y %all be ^u e bea/ ( ! e>?1 & e f[l ( ! air1 & ^u all t move? ^u ! e>?1 & ^u all ! fi%es ( ! sea1 into y\r h& are !y deliv]$4 ,9 ?is *>t]1 al?\gh ! diff]5t k9ds ( irrational be+s are s p>ticul>ly enum]at$1 & supreme dom9ion ov] all ( !m is grant$1 yet man is nev] ve/$ ) ?is dom9ion ov] 8 fell[ man2 he 0 nev] told t any ( ! human species 7 put "u 8 feet2 x 0 only all ?+s1 & man1 :o 0 creat$ 9 ! image ( 8 ,mak]1 nev] c prop]ly be t]m$ a ?+1 ?\gh ! laws ( ,slave ,/ates d call him a *attel p]sonal2 ,man !n1 ,i ass]t nev] 0 put "u ! feet ( man1 by t fir/ *>t] ( human "r1 :i* 0 giv5 by ,god1 to ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,ant$iluvian & ,po/diluvian worlds1 !re=e ?is doctr9e ( equality is bas$ on ! ,bible4 ,b x may be argu$1 t 9 ! v *apt] ( ,g5esis f :i* ,i h la/ quot$1 w be f\nd ! curse pron\nc$ ^u ,canaan1 by :i* 8 po/]ity 0 consign$ to s]vitude "u 8 bro!rs ,%em & ,japhe?4 ,i "k ?is prophecy 0 utt]$1 & 0 mo/ fe>fully & wond]fully fulfill$1 ?r\gh ! imm$iate desc5dants ( ,canaan1 i4e4 ! ,canaanites1 & ,i d n "k b x has be5 ?r\gh all ! *ildr5 ( ,ham1 b ,i d "k t prophecy does n tell u :at ought to be1 b :at actually does take place1 ages aft] x has be5 deliv]$1 & t if we ju/ify ,am]ica = enslav+ ! *ildr5 ( ,africa1 we mu/ also ju/ify ,egypt = r$uc+ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel to bondage1 = ! latt] 0 =etold z explicitly z ! =m]4 ,i am well aw>e t prophecy has (t5 be5 urg$ z an excuse = ,slav]y1 b be n deceiv$1 ! fulfilm5t ( prophecy w n cov] "o s9 9 ! awful day ( acc\nt4 ,he> :at our ,savi\r says on ?is subject2 x mu/ ne$s be t (f5ces come1 b woe unto t man ?r\gh :om !y come--,witness "s fulfilm5t ( ?is decl>ation 9 ! trem5d\s de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 occasion$ by t mo/ nef>i\s ( all crimes ! crucifixion ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,did ! fact ( t ev5t hav+ be5 =etold1 exculpate ! ,jews f s9 9 p]petrat+ x2 ,no--= he> :at ! ,apo/le ,pet] says to !m on ?is subject1 ,him be+ deliv]$ by ! det]m9ate c\nsel & =ekn[l$ge ( ,god1 ye h tak51 & by wick$ h&s h crucifi$ & sla94 ,o!r /rik+ in/ances might be adduc$1 b ^! w suffice4 ,b x has be5 urg$ t ! patri>*s held slaves1 & !re=e1 slav]y is "r4 ,d y really believe t patri>*al s]vitude 0 l ,am]ican slav]y8 ,c y believe x8 ,if s1 read ! hi/ory ( ^! primitive fa!rs ( ! *ur* & be undeceiv$4 ,look at ,abraham1 ?\gh s great a man1 go+ to ! h]d himself & fet*+ a calf f !nce & s]v+ x up ) 8 own h&s1 = ! ent]ta9m5t ( 8 gue/s4 ,look at ,s>ah1 t pr9cess z h] "n signifies1 bak+ cakes ^u ! he>?4 ,if ! s]vants !y _h 7 l ,s\!rn slaves1 w\ld !y h p]=m$ su* comp>atively m5ial (fices = !mselves8 ,he> too ! pla9tive lam5tation ( ,abraham :5 he fe>$ he %\ld h no son to be> 8 "n d[n to po/]ity4 ,behold ?\ ha/ giv5 me no se$1 c41 "o born 9 my h\se is m9e heir4 ,f ?is x appe>s t "o ( 8 s]vants 0 to inh]it 8 imm5se e/ate4 ,is ?is l ,s\!rn slav]y8 ,i leave x to y\r own good s5se & c&or to decide4 ,besides1 su* 0 ! foot+ ^u :i* ,abraham 0 ) 8 s]vants1 t he tru/$ !m ) arms4 ,are slavehold]s will+ to put swords & pi/ols into ! h&s ( _! slaves8 ,he 0 z a fa!r among 8 s]vants2 :at are plant]s & ma/]s g5]ally among !irs8 ,:5 ! in/itution ( circumcision 0 e/abli%$1 ,abraham 0 comm&$ ?us2 ,he t is eight days old %all be circumcis$ among y1 e man-*ild 9 y\r g5]ations2 he t is born 9 ! h\se1 or b\ght ) money ( any /rang] :i* is n ( ?y se$4 ,& to r5d] ?is comm& ) reg>d to 8 s]vants /ill m impressive x is repeat$ 9 ! v next v]se2 & h]e9 we may p]ceive ! great c>e :i* 0 tak5 by ,god to gu>d ! rights ( s]vants ev5 "u ?is d>k disp5sation4 ,:at too 0 ! te/imony giv5 to ! fai?fulness ( ?is em95t patri>*4 ,= ,i "k him t he w comm& 8 *ildr5 & 8 h\sehold aft] him1 & !y %all keep ! way ( ! ,"l to d ju/ice & judgm5t4 ,n[ my de> fri5ds _m ( y believe t circumcision has be5 sup]s$$ by baptism 9 ! ,*ur*2 ,are y c>eful to h all t are born 9 y\r h\se or b\ght ) money ( any /rang]1 baptiz$8 ,are y z fai?ful z ,abraham to comm& y\r h\sehold to keep ! way ( ! ,"l8 ,i leave x to y\r own consci5ces to decide4 ,0 patri>*al s]vitude !n l ,am]ican ,slav]y8 ,b ,i %all be told1 ,god sanction$ ,slav]y1 yea comm&$ ,slav]y "u ! ,jewi% ,disp5sation4 ,let u exam9e ?is subject calmly & pray]fully4 ,i admit t a species ( s]vitude 0 p]mitt$ to ! ,jews1 b 9 /udy+ ! subject ,i h be5 /ruck ) wond] & admiration at p]ceiv+ h[ c>efully ! s]vant 0 gu>d$ f viol5ce1 inju/ice1 & wrong4 ,i w fir/ in=m y h[ ^! s]vants became s]vants1 = ,i ?9k ?is a v important "p ( our subject4 ,f consult+ ,horne1 ,calmet1 & ! ,bible1 ,i f9d !re 7 six diff]5t ways by :i* ! ,hebrews became s]vants legally4 #a4 ,a ,hebrew1 ^: fa!r 0 /ill alive1 & :o on t acc\nt _h n inh]it$ 8 patrimonial e/ate1 might sell himself1 i4e41 8 s]vices1 = six ye>s1 9 :i* case he receiv$ ! pur*ase money himself4 ,ex4 xxi1 #b4 #b4 ,a fa!r might sell 8 *ildr5 z s]vants1 i4e41 8 daught]s1 9 :i* circum/ance x 0 und]/ood ! daught] 0 to be ! wife or daught]-9-law ( ! man :o b\ght h]1 & ! fa!r receiv$ ! price4 ,9 o!r words1 ,jewi% wom5 7 sold z :ite wom5 7 9 ! fir/ settlem5t ( ,virg9ia--z wives1 n z slaves4 ,ex4 xxi1 #g-aa4 #c4 ,?ieves n able to make re/itution = _! !fts1 7 sold = ! b5efit ( ! injur$ p]son4 ,ex4 xxii1 #c4 #d4 ,!y might be born 9 s]vitude4 ,ex4 xxi1 #d4 #e4 ,if r$uc$ to extreme pov]ty1 a ,hebrew might sell himself2 b 9 su* a case he 0 to s]ve1 n z a bondsman1 ^: t]m ( s]vice 0 only six ye>s1 nor 0 he to s]ve z a hir$ s]vant1 :o receiv$ 8 wages e ev5+1 nor yet z a soj\rn] or tempor>y resid5t 9 ! family1 b he 0 to s]ve 8 ma/] until ! ye> ( ,jubilee,a4 ,lev4 xxv1 #ci1 #dj4 ,footnote ,a3 ,if ! read] w leave out ! italicis$ words--,b & ,&1 9 ! #dj? v]se--he w f9d t ,i am fully au?oriz$ 9 ! mean+ ,i h atta*$ to x4 ,b & ,& are n 9 ! orig9al ,hebrew2 h be5 introduc$ by ! translators1 & entirely de/roy ! true s5se ( ! passage4 #f4 ,if a ,hebrew _h sold himself to a ri* ,g5tile1 he might be r$eem$ by "o ( 8 bre?r5 at any "t ! money 0 (f]$2 & he :o r$eem$ him1 0 n to take advantage ( ! favor ?us conf]r$1 & rule ov] him ) rigor4 ,lev4 xxv1 #dg-ee4 ,be=e go+ into an exam9ation ( ! laws by :i* ^! s]vants 7 protect$1 ,i w\ld j ask :e!r ,am]ican slaves h become slaves 9 any ( ! ways 9 :i* ! ,hebrews became s]vants4 ,did !y sell !mselves into slav]y & receive ! pur*ase money into _! own h&s8 ,no6 ,no6 ,did !y /eal ! prop]ty ( ano!r1 & 7 !y sold to make re/itution = _! crimes8 ,no6 ,did _! pres5t ma/]s1 z an act ( k9dness1 r$eem !m f "s hea!n tyrant to :om !y _h sold !mselves 9 ! d>k h\r ( adv]sity8 ,no6 ,7 !y born 9 slav]y8 ,no6 ,no6 ,n accord+ to ,jewi% ,law1 = ! s]vants :o 7 born 9 s]vitude among !m1 7 born ( p>5ts :o _h sold !mselves3 ,ex4 xxi1 #d2 ,lev4 xxv1 #ci1 #dj4 ,7 ! female slaves ( ! ,s\? sold by _! fa!rs8 ,h[ %all ,i answ] ?is "q8 ,?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s nev] 71 _! fa!rs nev] h receiv$ ! poor comp5sation ( silv] or gold = ! te>s & toils1 ! suff]+1 & angui%1 & hopeless bondage ( _! daught]s4 ,!y labor day by day1 & ye> by ye>1 side by side1 9 ! same field1 if haply _! daught]s are p]mitt$ to rema9 on ! same plantation ) !m1 in/ead ( be+1 z !y (t5 are1 sep>at$ f _! p>5ts & sold into di/ant /ates1 nev] aga9 to meet on e>?4 ,b d ! fa!rs ( ! ,s\? ev] sell _! daught]s8 ,my he>t beats1 & my h& trembles1 z ,i write ! awful affirmative1 ,yes6 ,! fa!rs ( ?is ,*ri/ian l& (t5 sell _! daught]s1 n z ,jewi% p>5ts did1 to be ! wives & daught]s-9-law ( ! m5 :o buy !m1 b to be ! abject slaves ( petty tyrants & irresponsible ma/]s4 ,is x n s1 my fri5ds8 ,i leave x to y\r own c&or to corroborate my ass]tion4 ,s\!rn slaves !n h n become slaves 9 any ( ! six diff]5t ways 9 :i* ,hebrews became s]vants1 & ,i hesitate n to say t ,am]ican ma/]s _c accord+ to ,jewi% law sub/antiate _! claim to ! m51 wom51 or *ildr5 !y n[ hold 9 bondage4 ,b !re 0 "o way 9 :i* a ,jew might illegally be r$uc$ to s]vitude2 x 0 ?is1 he might be /ol5 & aft]w>ds sold z a slave1 z 0 ,joseph4 ,to gu>d mo/ effectually aga9/ ?is dreadful crime ( man/eal+1 ,god enact$ ?is sev]e law4 ,he t /eale? a man & selle? him1 or if he be f\nd 9 8 h&1 he %all surely be put to dea?4 ,& aga91 ,if a man be f\nd /eal+ any ( 8 bre?r5 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & make? m]*&ise ( him1 or selle? him2 !n t ?ief %all die2 & ?\ %alt put away evil f among y4 ,deut4 xxiv1 #g4 ,z ,i h tri$ ,am]ican ,slav]y by legal ,hebrew s]vitude1 & f\nd1 7to y\r surprise1 p]haps17 t ,jewi% law _c ju/ify ! slavehold]'s claim1 let u n[ try x by illegal ,hebrew bondage4 ,h ! ,s\!rn slaves !n be5 /ol58 ,if !y did n sell !mselves into bondage2 if !y 7 n sold z ?ieves2 if !y 7 n r$eem$ f a hea!n ma/] to :om !y _h sold !mselves2 if !y 7 n born 9 s]vitude accord+ to ,hebrew law2 & if ! females 7 n sold by _! fa!rs z wives & daught]s-9-law to ^? :o pur*as$ !m2 !n :at %all we say ( !m8 :at c we say ( !m8 b t accord+ to ,hebrew ,law !y h be5 /ol54 ,b ,i %all be told t ! ,jews _h o!r s]vants :o 7 absolute slaves4 ,let u look a little into ?is also4 ,!y _h o!r s]vants :o 7 procur$ f ! hea!n4 ,bondm5 & bondmaids might be b\ght ( ! hea!n r\nd ab\t !m4 ,lev4 xxv1 #dd4 ,i w n[ try ! "r ( ! s\!rn plant] by ! claims ( ,hebrew ma/]s to _! hea!n s]vants4 ,7 ! s\!rn slaves b\ght f ! hea!n8 ,no6 ,= surely1 no "o w n[ v9dicate ! slave-trade s f> z to ass]t t slaves 7 b\ght f ! hea!n :o 7 obta9$ by t sy/em ( piracy4 ,! only excuse = hold+ s\!rn slaves is t !y 7 born 9 slav]y1 b we h se5 t !y 7 n born 9 s]vitude z ,jewi% s]vants 71 & t ! *ildr5 ( hea!n s]vants 7 n legally subject$ to bondage1 ev5 "u ! ,mosaic ,law4 ,h[ !n h ! slaves ( ! ,s\? be5 obta9$8 ,i w next proce$ to an exam9ation ( ^? laws :i* 7 enact$ 9 ord] to protect ! ,hebrew & ! ,hea!n s]vant2 = ,i wi% y to und]/& t bo? 7 protect$ by ,him1 ( :om x is said 8 m]cies are ov] all 8 works4 ,i w fir/ speak ( ^? :i* secur$ ! rights ( ,hebrew s]vants4 ,?is code 0 head$ ?us3 #a4 ,?\ %alt n rule ov] him ) rigor1 b %alt fe> ?y ,god4 #b4 ,if ?\ buy a ,hebrew s]vant1 six ye>s %all he s]ve1 & 9 ! sev5? ye> he %all g out free = no?+4 ,ex4 xxi1 #b4 ,& :5 ?\ s5de/ him out free f !e1 ?\ %alt n let him g away empty3 ,?\ %alt furni% him lib]ally out ( ?y flock & out ( ?y floor1 & out ( ?y w9e-press3 ( t :]e) ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? bless$ !e1 %alt ?\ give unto him4 ,deut4 xv1 #ac1 #ad4 #c4 ,if he come 9 by himself1 he %all g out by himself2 if he 7 m>ri$1 !n 8 wife %all g out ) him4 ,ex4 xxi1 #c4 #d4 ,if 8 ma/] h giv5 him a wife1 & %e h borne him sons & daught]s1 ! wife & h] *ildr5 %all be 8 ma/]'s1 & he %all g out by himself4 ,ex4 xxi1 #d4 #e4 ,if ! s]vant %all pla9ly say1 ,i love my ma/]1 my wife1 & my *ildr52 ,i w n g out free2 !n 8 ma/] %all br+ him unto ! ,judges1 & he %all br+ him to ! door1 or unto ! door-po/1 & 8 ma/] %all bore 8 e> ?r\gh ) an awl1 & he %all s]ve him = ev]4 ,ex4 xxi1 #e1 #f4 #f4 ,if a man smite ! eye ( 8 s]vant1 or ! eye ( 8 maid1 t x p]i%1 he %all let him g free = 8 eye's sake4 ,& if he smite out 8 man s]vant's too? or 8 maid s]vant's too?1 he %all let him g free = 8 too?'s sake4 ,ex4 xxi1 #bf1 #bg4 #g4 ,on ! ,sabba?1 re/ 0 secur$ to s]vants by ! f\r? comm&m5t4 ,ex4 xx1 #aj4 #h4 ,s]vants 7 p]mitt$ to unite ) _! ma/]s ?ree times 9 e ye> 9 celebrat+ ! ,passov]1 ! fea/ ( ,weeks1 & ! fea/ ( ,tab]nacles2 e male ?r\gh\t ! l& 0 to appe> be=e ! ,"l at ,j]usalem ) a gift2 "h ! bond & ! free /ood on common gr\nd4 ,deut4 xvi4 #i4 ,if a man smite 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 he %all be surely puni%$4 ,not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two1 he %all n be puni%$1 = he is 8 money4 ,ex4 xxi1 #bj1 #ba4 ,f ^! laws we le>n1 t "o class ( ,hebrew m5 s]vants 7 b\nd to s]ve _! ma/]s only six ye>s1 unless _! atta*m5t to _! employ]s1 _! wives & *ildr51 %\ld induce !m to wi% to rema9 9 s]vitude1 9 :i* case1 9 ord] to prev5t ! possibility ( deception on ! "p ( ! ma/]1 ! s]vant 0 fir/ tak5 be=e ! magi/rate1 :]e he op5ly decl>$ 8 int5tion ( cont9u+ 9 8 ma/]'s s]vice1 7probably a public regi/] 0 kept ( su*17 he 0 !n conduct$ to ! door ( ! h\se1 79 w>m climates doors are ?r[n op547 & !re 8 e> 0 publicly bor$1 & by submitt+ to ?is op]ation1 he te/ifi$ 8 will+ness to s]ve him 9 subs]vi5cy to ! law ( ,god2 = let x be rememb]$1 t ! door-po/ 0 cov]$ ) ! precepts ( t law4 ,deut4 vi1 #i4 xi1 #bj3 = ev]1 i4e41 dur+ 8 life1 = ,jewi% ,rabb9s1 :o mu/ h und]/ood ,jewi% slav]y 7z x is call$71 affirm t s]vants 7 set free at ! dea? ( _! ma/]s1 & did n desc5d to _! heirs2 or t he 0 to s]ve him until ! ye> ( ,jubilee1 :5 all s]vants 7 set at lib]ty4 ,! o!r class1 :5 !y fir/ sold !mselves1 agre$ to rema9 until ! ye> ( ,jubilee4 ,to protect s]vants f viol5ce1 x 0 orda9$1 t if a ma/] /ruck out ! too? or de/roy$ ! eye ( a s]vant1 t s]vant imm$iately became free1 = su* an act ( viol5ce evid5tly %[$ he 0 unfit to possess ! p[] ( a ma/]1 & !re=e t p[] 0 tak5 f him4 ,all s]vants enjoy$ ! re/ ( ! ,sabba?1 & p>took ( ! privileges & fe/ivities ( ! ?ree great ,jewi% ,fea/s2 & if a s]vant di$ "u ! infliction ( *a/isem5t1 8 ma/] 0 surely to be puni%$4 ,z a too? = a too? & life = life 0 ! ,jewi% law1 ( c\rse he 0 puni%$ ) dea?4 ,i "k t great /ress has be5 laid ^u ! foll[+ v]se3 ,not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two1 he %all n be puni%$1 = he is 8 money4 ,slavehold]s1 & ! apologi/s ( slav]y1 h eag]ly seiz$ ^u ?is little passage ( ,scripture1 & held x up z ! ma/]s' ,magna ,*>ta1 by :i* !y 7 lic5s$ by ,god himself to commit ! greate/ outrages ^u ! def5celess victims ( _! oppression4 ,b1 my fri5ds1 0 x design$ to be s8 ,if our ,heav5ly ,fa!r w\ld protect by law ! eye & ! too? ( a ,hebrew s]vant1 c we = a mom5t believe t he w\ld ab&on t same s]vant to ! brutal rage ( a ma/] :o w\ld de/roy ev5 life itself8 ,let u !n exam9e ?is passage ) ! help ( ! context4 ,9 ! #ah? & #ai? v]ses we h a law :i* 0 made = freem5 :o /rove toge!r4 ,"h we f9d1 t if "o man smote ano!r1 s t he di$ n1 b only kept 8 b$ f be+ disabl$1 & he rose aga9 & walk$ abroad ^u 8 /aff1 !n he 0 to be paid = ! loss ( 8 "t1 & all ! exp5ses ( 8 sickness 7 to be borne by ! man :o smote him4 ,! freeman's "t 0 8 own1 & !re=e he 0 to be remun]at$ = ! loss ( x4 ,b n s ) ! s]vant1 ^: "t 01 z x 71 ! money ( 8 ma/]1 because he _h already paid = x3 ,if he cont9u$ a day or two aft] be+ /ruck1 to keep 8 b$ 9 consequ5ce ( any w\nd receiv$1 !n 8 lo/ "t 0 n to be paid =1 because x 0 n 8 own1 b 8 ma/]'s1 :o _h already paid him = x4 ,! loss ( 8 "t 0 ! ma/]'s loss1 & n ! s]vant's4 ,?is explanation is confirm$ by ! fact1 t ! ,hebrew ^w translat$ cont9ue1 means to /& /ill2 i4e41 to be unable to g out ab\t 8 ma/]'s "w4 ,"h !n we f9d ?is /ronghold ( slav]y completely demoli%$4 ,in/ead ( its be+ a lic5se to inflict su* *a/isem5t ^u a s]vant z to cause ev5 dea? itself1 x is 9 fact a law m]ely to provide t a man %\ld n be requir$ to pay 8 s]vant twice ov] = 8 "t4 ,x is altoge!r an unf\nd$ assumption on ! "p ( ! slavehold]1 t ?is s]vant di$ aft] a day or two2 ! text does n say s1 & ,i cont5d t he got well aft] a day or two1 j z ! man m5tion$ 9 ! #ai? v]se recov]$ f ! effects ( ! bl[s he receiv$4 ,! cases are completely p>allel1 & ! fir/ law ?r[s great light on ! second4 ,?is explanation is f> m consonant ) ! "* ( ,god1 & 7 x n t our vision has be5 s completely d>k5$ by ! exi/5ce ( slav]y 9 our c\ntry1 we nev] c\ld s f> h di%onor$ ,him z to h suppos$ t ,he sanction$ ! murd] ( a s]vant2 al?\gh slavehold+ legislators might legalize ! kill+ ( a slave 9 f\r diff]5t ways4--7,/r\d's ,sket* ( ,slave ,laws47 ,b ,i pass on n[ to ! consid]ation ( h[ ! female ,jewi% s]vants 7 protect$ by law4 #a4 ,if %e please n h] ma/]1 :o ha? betro!d h] to himself1 !n %all he let h] be r$eem$3 to sell h] unto ano!r nation he %all h no p[]1 see+ he ha? dealt deceitfully ) h]4 #b4 ,if he h betro!d h] unto 8 son1 he %all deal ) h] aft] ! mann] ( daught]s4 #c4 ,if he take him ano!r wife1 h] food1 h] raim5t1 & h] duty ( m>riage1 %all he n dim9i%4 #d4 ,if he d n ^! ?ree unto h]1 !n %all %e g out free )\t money4 ,on ^! laws ,i w give y ,calmet's rem>ks2 ,a fa!r c\ld n sell 8 daught] z a slave1 accord+ to ! ,rabb9s1 until %e 0 at ! age ( pub]ty1 & unless he 7 r$uc$ to ! utmo/ indig5ce4 ,besides1 :5 a ma/] b\ght an ,israeliti% girl1 x 0 always ) ! presumption t he w\ld take h] to wife4 ,h5ce ,moses adds1 'if %e please n h] ma/]1 & he does n ?9k fit to m>ry h]1 he %all set h] at lib]ty1' or accord+ to ! ,hebrew1 'he %all let h] be r$eem$4' ',to sell h] to ano!r nation he %all h no p[]1 see+ he ha? dealt deceitfully ) h]2' z to ! engagem5t impli$1 at lea/ ( tak+ h] to wife4 ',if he h betro!d h] unto 8 son1 he %all deal ) h] aft] ! mann] ( daught]s2' i4e41 he %all take c>e t 8 son uses h] z 8 wife1 t he does n despise or maltreat h]4 ,if he make 8 son m>ry ano!r wife1 he %all give h] h] d[ry1 h] clo!s1 & comp5sation = h] virg9ity2 if he does none ( ^! ?ree1 %e %all g out free )\t money4 ,?us 7 ! rights ( female s]vants c>efully secur$ by law "u ! ,jewi% ,disp5sation2 & n[ ,i w\ld ask1 are ! rights ( female slaves at ! ,s\? ?us secur$8 ,are !y sold only z wives & daught]s-9-law1 & :5 n treat$ z su*1 are !y all[$ to g out free8 ,no6 ,!y h all n only be5 illegally obta9$ z s]vants accord+ to ,hebrew law1 b !y are also illegally held 9 bondage4 ,ma/]s at ! ,s\? & ,we/ h all =feit$ _! claims1 7if !y ev] _h any17 to _! female slaves4 ,we come n[ to exam9e ! case ( ^? s]vants :o 7 ( ! hea!n r\nd ab\t2 ,7 !y left entirely unprotect$ by law8 ,horne1 9 speak+ ( ! law1 ,?\ %alt n rule ov] him ) rigor1 b %alt fe> ?y ,god1 rem>ks1 ?is law1 ,lev4 xxv1 #dc1 x is true1 speaks expressly ( slaves :o 7 ( ,hebrew desc5t2 b z ali5 born slaves 7 +raft$ into ! ,hebrew ,*ur* by circumcision1 !re is no d\bt b t x appli$ to all slaves3 if s1 !n we may reasonably suppose t ! o!r protective laws ext5d$ to !m also2 & t ! only diff]5ce betwe5 ,hebrew & ,hea!n s]vants lay 9 ?is1 t ! =m] s]v$ b six ye>s1 unless !y *ose to rema9 long]1 & 7 always fre$ at ! dea? ( _! ma/]s2 :]eas1 ! latt] s]v$ until ! ye> ( ,jubilee1 ?\gh t might include a p]iod ( =ty-n9e ye>s1--& 7 left f fa!r to son4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two o!r laws :i* ,i h n yet notic$4 ,! "o effectually prev5t$ all involunt>y s]vitude1 & ! o!r completely aboli%$ ,jewi% s]vitude e fifty ye>s4 ,!y 7 equally op]ative ^u ! ,hea!n & ! ,hebrew4 #a4 ,?\ %alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant t is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto !e4 ,he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose1 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/3 ?\ %alt n oppress him4 ,deut4 xxiii1 #ae1 #af4 #b4 ,& ye %all hall[ ! fiftie? ye>1 & proclaim ,lib]ty ?r\gh\t all ! l&1 unto all ! inhabitants !re(2 x %all be a jubilee unto y4 ,lev4 xxv1 #aj4 ,"h1 !n1 we see t by ?is fir/ law1 ! door ( ,fre$om 0 op5$ wide to e s]vant :o _h any cause :atev] = compla9t2 if he 0 unhappy ) 8 ma/]1 all he _h to d 0 to leave him1 & no man _h a "r to deliv] him back to him aga91 & n only s1 b ! abscond$ s]vant 0 to *oose :]e he %\ld live1 & no ,jew 0 p]mitt$ to oppress him4 ,he left 8 ma/] j z our ,nor!rn s]vants leave u2 we h no p[] to compel !m to rema9 ) u1 & no man has any "r to oppress !m2 !y g & dwell 9 t place :]e x *oose? !m1 & live j :]e !y l4 ,is x s at ! ,s\?8 ,is ! poor runaway slave protect$ by law f ! viol5ce ( t ma/] ^: oppression & cruelty has driv5 him f 8 plantation or 8 h\se8 ,no6 no6 ,ev5 ! free /ates ( ! ,nor? are compell$ to deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant t is escap$ f 8 ma/] into !m4 ,by human law1 "u ! ,*ri/ian ,disp5sation1 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury we are comm&$ to d1 :at ,god m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 "u ! ,mosaic ,disp5sation1 positively comm&$ ! ,jews n to d4 ,9 ! wide doma9 ev5 ( our free /ates1 !re is n "o city ( refuge = ! poor runaway fugitive2 n "o spot ^u :i* he c /& & say1 ,i am a free man--,i am protect$ 9 my rights z a man1 by ! /rong arm ( ! law2 no6 n "o4 ,h[ long ! ,nor? w ?us %ake h&s ) ! ,s\? 9 s91 ,i "k n4 ,h[ long %e w /& by l ! p]secutor ,saul1 cons5t+ unto ! dea? ( ,/eph51 & keep+ ! raim5t ( !m t slew him4 ,i "k n2 b "o ?+ ,i d "k1 ! guilt ( ! ,nor? is increas+ 9 a trem5d\s ratio z light is p\r+ 9 ^u h] on ! subject & ! s9 ( slav]y4 ,z ! sun ( righte\sness climbs high] & high] 9 ! moral heav5s1 %e w /& /ill m & m aba%$ z ! qu]y is ?und]$ d[n into h] e>1 ,:o ha? requir$ ?is at ?y h&8 ,x w be f\nd no excuse !n t ! ,con/itution ( our c\ntry requir$ t p]sons b\nd to s]vice escap+ f _! ma/]s %\ld be deliv]$ up2 no m excuse ?an 0 ! reason :i* ,adam assign$ = eat+ ! =bidd5 fruit4 ,he 0 condemn$ & puni%$ because he he>k5$ to ! voice ( 8 wife1 r ?an to ! comm& ( 8 ,mak]2 & we %all assur$ly be condemn$ & puni%$ = obey+ ,man r ?an ,god1 if we d n spe$ily rep5t & br+ =? fruits meet = rep5tance4 ,yea1 are we n receiv+ *a/isem5t ev5 n[8 ,b by ! second ( ^! laws a /ill m a/oni%+ fact is disclos$4 ,if ! fir/ effectually prev5t$ all involunt>y s]vitude1 ! la/ absolutely =bade ev5 volunt>y s]vitude be+ p]petual4 ,on ! great day ( atonem5t e fiftie? ye> ! ,jubilee trumpet 0 s\nd$ ?r\gh\t ! l& ( ,judea1 & ,lib]ty 0 proclaim$ to all ! inhabitants !re(4 ,i w n say t ! s]vants' *a9s fell (f & _! manacles 7 bur/1 = !re is no evid5ce t ,jewi% s]vants ev] felt ! weight ( iron *a9s1 & coll>s1 & h&cuffs2 b ,i d say t ev5 ! man :o _h volunt>ily sold himself & ! hea!n :o _h be5 sold to a ,hebrew ma/]1 7 set free1 ! "o z well z ! o!r4 ,?is law 0 evid5tly design$ to prev5t ! oppression ( ! poor1 & ! possibility ( su* a ?+ z p]petual s]vitude exi/+ among !m4 ,:]e1 !n1 ,i w\ld ask1 is ! w>rant1 ! ju/ification1 or ! palliation ( ,am]ican ,slav]y f ,hebrew s]vitude8 ,h[ _m ( ! s\!rn slaves w\ld n[ be 9 bondage accord+ to ! laws ( ,moses2 ,n "o4 ,y may obs]ve t ,i h c>efully avoid$ us+ ! t]m slav]y :5 speak+ ( ,jewi% s]vitude2 & simply = ?is reason1 t no su* ?+ exi/$ among t p2 ! ^w translat$ s]vant does n mean slave1 x is ! same t is appli$ to ,abraham1 to ,moses1 to ,eli%a & ! prophets g5]ally4 ,slav]y !n nev] exi/$ "u ! ,jewi% ,disp5sation at all1 & ,i _c b reg>d x z an asp]sion on ! "* ( ,him :o is glori\s 9 ,hol9ess = any "o to ass]t t ,god sanction$1 yea comm&$ slav]y "u ! old disp5sation4 ,i w\ld fa9 lift my feeble voice to v9dicate ,jehovah's "* f s f\l a sl&]4 ,if slavehold]s are det]m9$ to hold slaves z long z !y c1 let !m n d>e to say t ! ,god ( m]cy & ( tru? ev] sanction$ su* a sy/em ( cruelty & wrong4 ,x is blasphemy aga9/ ,him4 ,we h se5 t ! code ( laws fram$ by ,moses ) reg>d to s]vants 0 design$ to protect !m z m5 & wom51 to secure to !m _! rights z human be+s1 to gu>d !m f oppression & def5d !m f viol5ce ( e k9d4 ,let u n[ turn to ! ,slave laws ( ! ,s\? & ,we/ & exam9e !m too4 ,i w give y ! sub/ance only1 because ,i fe> ,i %all trespass too mu* on y\r "t1 7 ,i to quote !m at l5g?4 #a4 ,slav]y is h]$it>y & p]petual1 to ! la/ mom5t ( ! slave's e>?ly exi/5ce1 & to all 8 desc5dants to ! late/ po/]ity4 #b4 ,! labor ( ! slave is compulsory & uncomp5sat$2 :ile ! k9d ( labor1 ! am\nt ( toil1 ! "t all[$ = re/1 are dictat$ solely by ! ma/]4 ,no b>ga9 is made1 no wages giv54 ,a pure despotism gov]ns ! human brute2 & ev5 8 cov]+ & prov5d]1 bo? z to quantity & quality1 dep5d entirely on ! ma/]'s discretion,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,!re are laws 9 "s ( ! slave /ates1 limit+ ! labor :i* ! ma/] may require ( ! slave to f\rte5 h\rs daily4 ,9 "s ( ! /ates !re are laws requir+ ! ma/]s to furni% a c]ta9 am\nt ( food & clo?+1 z = in/ance1 "o qu>t ( corn p] day1 or "o peck p] week1 or "o bu%el p] mon?1 & "o l95 %irt & pantaloons = ! summ]1 & a l95 %irt & wool5 great coat & pantaloons = ! w9t]1 c4 ,b /ill1 to use ! language ( ,judge ,/r\d ! slave is entirely "u ! control ( 8 ma/]4--is unprovid$ ) a protector1--&1 especially z he _c be a witness or make compla9t 9 any kn[n mode aga9/ 8 ma/]1 ! app>5t object ( ^! laws may always be defeat$4 ,,ed4 #c4 ,! slave be+ consid]$ a p]sonal *attel may be sold or pl$g$1 or leas$ at ! w ( 8 ma/]4 ,he may be ex*ang$ = m>ketable commodities1 or tak5 9 execution = ! debts or taxes ei!r ( a liv+ or dead ma/]4 ,sold at auction1 ei!r individually1 or 9 lots to suit ! pur*as]1 he may rema9 ) 8 family1 or be sep>at$ f !m = ev]4 #d4 ,slaves c make no contracts & h no legal "r to any prop]ty1 real or p]sonal4 ,_! own hone/ e>n+s & ! legacies ( fri5ds belong 9 po9t ( law to _! ma/]s4 #e4 ,nei!r a slave nor a free color$ p]son c be a witness aga9/ any :ite1 or free p]son1 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice1 h[ev] atroci\s may h be5 ! crimes !y h se5 him commit1 if su* te/imony w\ld be = ! b5efit ( a slave2 b !y may give te/imony aga9/ a fell[ slave1 or free color$ man1 ev5 9 cases affect+ life1 if ! ma/] is to reap ! advantage ( x4 #f4 ,! slave may be puni%$ at 8 ma/]'s discretion--)\t trial--)\t any means ( legal r$ress2 :e!r 8 (f5ce be real or imag9>y2 & ! ma/] c transf] ! same despotic p[] to any p]son or p]sons1 he may *oose to appo9t4 #g4 ,! slave is n all[$ to resi/ any free man "u any circum/ances1 8 only safety consi/s 9 ! fact t 8 own] may br+ suit & recov] ! price ( 8 body1 9 case 8 life is tak51 or 8 limbs r5d]$ unfit = labor4 #h4 ,slaves _c r$eem !mselves1 or obta9 a *ange ( ma/]s1 ?\gh cruel treatm5t may h r5d]$ su* a *ange necess>y = _! p]sonal safety4 #i4 ,! slave is entirely unprotect$ 9 8 dome/ic relations4 #aj4 ,! laws greatly ob/ruct ! manumission ( slaves1 ev5 :]e ! ma/] is will+ to enfran*ise !m4 #aa4 ,! op]ation ( ! laws t5ds to deprive slaves ( religi\s in/ruction & consolation4 #ab4 ,! :ole p[] ( ! laws is ex]t$ to keep slaves 9 a /ate ( ! l[e/ ignorance4 #ac4 ,!re is 9 ?is c\ntry a mon/r\s inequality ( law & "r4 ,:at is a trifl+ fault 9 ! :ite man1 is consid]$ highly crim9al 9 ! slave2 ! same (f5ces :i* co/ a :ite man a few doll>s only1 are puni%$ 9 ! negro ) dea?4 #ad4 ,! laws op]ate mo/ oppressively ^u free p ( color,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,see ,mrs4 ,*ild's ,appeal1 ,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,%all ,i ask y n[ my fri5ds1 to draw ! p>allel betwe5 ,jewi% s]vitude & ,am]ican slav]y8 ,no6 ,= !re is no lik5ess 9 ! two sy/ems2 ,i ask y r to m>k ! contra/4 ,! laws ( ,moses protect$ s]vants 9 _! rights z m5 & wom51 gu>d$ !m f oppression & def5d$ !m f wrong4 ,! ,code ,noir ( ! ,s\? robs ! slave ( all 8 rights z a man1 r$uces him to a *attel p]sonal1 & def5ds ! ma/] 9 ! ex]cise ( ! mo/ unnatural & unw>rantable p[] ov] 8 slave4 ,!y ea* be> ! impress ( ! h& :i* =m$ !m4 ,! attributes ( ju/ice & m]cy are %ad[$ out 9 ! ,hebrew code2 ^? ( inju/ice & cruelty1 9 ! ,code ,noir ( ,am]ica4 ,truly x 0 wise 9 ! slavehold]s ( ! ,s\? to decl>e _! slaves to be *attels p]sonal2 = be=e !y c\ld be robb$ ( wages1 wives1 *ildr51 & fri5ds1 x 0 absolutely necess>y to d5y !y 7 human be+s4 ,x is wise 9 !m1 to keep !m 9 abject ignorance1 = ! /rong man arm$ mu/ be b\nd be=e we c spoil 8 h\se--! p[]ful intellect ( man mu/ be b\nd d[n ) ! iron *a9s ( nesci5ce be=e we c rob him ( 8 rights z a man2 we mu/ r$uce him to a ?+ be=e we c claim ! "r to set our feet ^u 8 neck1 because x 0 only all ?+s :i* 7 orig9ally put "u ! feet ( man by ! ,almighty & ,b5efic5t ,fa!r ( all1 :o has decl>$ himself to be no respect] ( p]sons1 :e!r r$1 :ite or black4 ,b "s h ev5 said t ,jesus ,*ri/ did n condemn slav]y4 ,to ?is ,i reply t our ,holy ,r$eem] liv$ & prea*$ among ! ,jews only4 ,! laws :i* ,moses _h enact$ fifte5 hundr$ ye>s previ\s to 8 appe>ance among !m1 _h nev] be5 annull$1 & ^! laws protect$ e s]vant 9 ,pale/9e4 ,if !n ,he did n condemn ,jewi% s]vitude ?is does n prove t he w\ld n h condemn$ su* a mon/r\s sy/em z t ( ,am]ican slav]y1 if t _h exi/$ among !m4 ,b did n ,jesus condemn slav]y8 ,let u exam9e "s ( 8 precepts4 ,:atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s to !m4 ,let e slavehold] apply ^! qu]ies to 8 own he>t2 ,am ,i will+ to be a slave--,am ,i will+ to see my wife ! slave ( ano!r--,am ,i will+ to see my "m a slave1 or my fa!r1 my si/] or my bro!r8 ,if n1 !n 9 hold+ o!rs z slaves1 ,i am do+ :at ,i w\ld n wi% to be done to me or any relative ,i h2 & ?us h ,i brok5 ?is gold5 rule :i* 0 giv5 me to walk by4 ,b "s slavehold]s h said1 we 7 nev] 9 bondage to any man1 & !re=e ! yoke ( bondage w\ld be insuff]able to u1 b slaves are accu/om$ to x1 _! backs are fitt$ to ! burd54 ,well1 ,i am will+ to admit t y :o h liv$ 9 fre$om w\ld f9d slav]y ev5 m oppressive ?an ! poor slave does1 b !n y may try ?is "q 9 ano!r =m--,am ,i will+ to r$uce my little *ild to slav]y8 ,y "k t if x is br\ght up a slave x w nev] "k any contra/1 betwe5 fre$om & bondage1 its back w become fitt$ to ! burd5 j z ! negro *ild's does--n by nature--b by daily1 viol5t pressure1 9 ! same way t ! head ( ! ,indian *ild becomes flatt5$ by ! bo>ds 9 :i* x is b\nd4 ,x has be5 ju/ly rem>k$ t ,god nev] made a slave1 he made man upright2 8 back 0 n made to c>ry burd5s1 nor 8 neck to we> a yoke1 & ! man mu/ be cru%$ )9 him1 be=e 8 back c be fitt$ to ! burd5 ( p]petual slav]y2 & t 8 back is n fitt$ to x1 is manife/ by ! insurrections t s (t5 di/urb ! peace & security ( slavehold+ c\ntries4 ,:o ev] he>d ( a rebellion ( ! bea/s ( ! field2 & :y n8 simply because !y 7 all plac$ "u ! feet ( man1 into ^: h& !y 7 deliv]$2 x 0 orig9ally design$ t !y %\ld s]ve him1 !re=e _! necks h be5 =m$ = ! yoke1 & _! backs = ! burd52 b n s ) man1 intellectual1 immortal man6 ,i appeal to y1 my fri5ds1 z mo!rs2 ,are y will+ to enslave y\r *ildr58 ,y />t back ) horror & indignation at su* a "q4 ,b :y1 if slav]y is no wrong to ^? ^u :om x is impos$8 :y1 if z has (t5 be5 said1 slaves are happi] ?an _! ma/]s1 free f ! c>es & p]plexities ( provid+ = !mselves & _! want+8 ,try y\rselves by ano!r ( ! ,div9e precepts1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,c we love a man z we love ourselves if we d1 & cont9ue to d unto him1 :at we w\ld n wi% any "o to d to u8 ,look1 too1 at ,*ri/'s example1 :at does he say ( himself1 ,i came n to be m9i/]$ unto1 b to m9i/]4 ,c y = a mom5t imag9e ! meek & l[ly1 & compassionate ,savi\r1 a slavehold]8 ,d y n %udd] at ?is ?\ght z mu* z at t ( 8 be+ a w>rior8 ,b :y1 if slav]y is n s9ful8 ,aga91 x has be5 said1 ! ,apo/le ,paul did n condemn slav]y1 = he s5t ,onesimus back to ,philemon4 ,i d n ?9k x c be said he s5t him back1 = no co]cion 0 made use (4 ,onesimus 0 n ?r[n into prison & !n s5t back 9 *a9s to 8 ma/]1 z y\r runaway slaves (t5 are--?is c\ld n possibly h be5 ! case1 because y "k ,paul z a ,jew1 0 b\nd to protect ! runaway2 he _h no "r to s5d any fugitive back to 8 ma/]4 ,! /ate ( ! case !n seems to h be5 ?is4 ,onesimus _h be5 an unpr(itable s]vant to ,philemon & left him--he aft]w>ds became conv]t$ "u ! ,apo/le's prea*+1 & see+ t he _h be5 to blame 9 8 conduct1 & desir+ by future fidelity to atone = pa/ error1 he wi%$ to return1 & ! ,apo/le gave him ! lett] we n[ h z a recomm5dation to ,philemon1 in=m+ him ( ! conv]sion ( ,onesimus1 & entreat+ him z ,paul ! ag$ to receive him1 n n[ z a s]vant1 b above a s]vant1 a bro!r belov$1 especially to me1 b h[ mu* m unto !e1 bo? 9 ! fle% & 9 ! ,"l4 ,if ?\ c\nt me !re=e z a p>tn]1 receive him z myself4 ,?is1 !n1 surely _c be =c$ into a ju/ification ( ! practice ( return+ runaway slaves back to _! ma/]s1 to be puni%$ ) cruel beat+s & sc\rg+s z !y (t5 are4 ,besides ! ^w d\los "h translat$ s]vant1 is ! same t is made use ( 9 ,matt4 xviii1 #bg4 ,n[ x appe>s t ?is s]vant ow$ 8 "l t5 ?\s& tal5ts2 he possess$ prop]ty to a va/ am\nt4 ,& :at is /ill m surpris+1 if he 0 a slave1 is1 t =asmu* z he _h n to pay1 8 "l comm&$ him to be sold1 & 8 wife & *ildr51 & all t he _h1 & paym5t to be made4 ,:oev] he>d ( a slavehold] sell+ a slave & 8 family to pay himself a debt due to him f a slave8 ,:at w\ld he ga9 by x :5 ! slave is himself 8 prop]ty1 & 8 wife & *ildr5 also8 ,onesimus c\ld n1 !n1 h be5 a slave1 = slaves d n own _! wives or *ildr52 no1 n ev5 _! own bodies1 mu* less prop]ty4 ,b aga91 ! s]vitude :i* ! apo/le 0 accu/om$ to1 mu/ h be5 v diff]5t f ,am]ican slav]y1 = he says1 ! heir 7or son71 z long z he is a *ild1 diff]e? no?+ f a s]vant1 ?\gh he be "l ( all4 ,b is "u tutors & gov]nors until ! "t appo9t$ ( ! fa!r4 ,f ?is x appe>s1 t ! means ( in/ruction 7 provid$ = s]vants z well z *ildr52 & inde$ we "k x mu/ h be5 s among ! ,jews1 because _! s]vants 7 n p]mitt$ to rema9 9 p]petual bondage1 & !re=e x 0 absolutely necess>y !y %\ld be prep>$ to occupy high] /ations 9 society ?an ^? ( s]vants4 ,is x s at ! ,s\?1 my fri5ds8 ,is ! daily bread ( in/ruction provid$ = y\r slaves8 are _! m9ds enlight5$1 & !y gradually prep>$ to rise f ! grade ( m5ials into t ( free1 indep5d5t memb]s ( ! /ate8 ,let y\r own /atute book1 & y\r own daily exp]i5ce1 answ] ^! que/ions4 ,if ?is apo/le sanction$ slav]y1 :y did he exhort ma/]s ?us 9 8 epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 & ye1 ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto !m 7i4e4 p]=m y\r duties to y\r s]vants z unto ,*ri/1 n unto m57 =be>+ ?reat5+2 kn[+ t y\r ma/] also is 9 heav51 nei!r is !re respect ( p]sons ) him4 ,& 9 ,colossians1 ,ma/]s give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is j & equal1 kn[+ t ye also h a ma/] 9 heav54 ,let slavehold]s only obey ^! injunctions ( ,paul1 & ,i am satisfi$ slav]y w\ld soon be aboli%$4 ,if he ?\ght x s9ful ev5 to ?reat5 s]vants1 surely he mu/ h ?\ght x s9ful to flog & to beat !m ) /icks & paddles2 inde$1 :5 del9eat+ ! "* ( a bi%op1 he expressly names ?is z "o feature ( x1 no /rik]4 ,let ma/]s give unto _! s]vants t :i* is j & equal1 & all t va/ sy/em ( unrequit$ labor w\ld crumble into ru94 ,yes1 & if !y once felt !y _h no "r to ! labor ( _! s]vants )\t pay1 surely !y c\ld n ?9k !y _h a "r to _! wives1 _! *ildr51 & _! own bodies4 ,aga91 h[ c x be said ,paul sanction$ slav]y1 :51 z ?\gh to put ?is matt] beyond all d\bt1 9 t black catalogue ( s9s enum]at$ 9 8 fir/ epi/le to ,timo?y1 he m5tions m5/eal]s1 :i* ^w may be translat$ slav$eal]s4 ,b y may say1 we all despise slav$eal]s z mu* z any "o c2 !y are nev] admitt$ into g5teel or respectable society4 ,& :y n8 ,is x n because ev5 y %r9k back f ! idea ( associat+ ) ^? :o make _! =tunes by trad+ 9 ! bodies & s\ls ( m51 wom51 & *ildr58 ^: daily "w x is to break human he>ts1 by te>+ wives f _! husb&s1 & *ildr5 f _! p>5ts8 ,b :y hold slav$eal]s z despicable1 if _! trade is lawful & virtu\s8 & :y despise !m m ?an ! g5tlem5 ( =tune & /&+ :o employ !m z _! ag5ts8 ,:y m ?an ! pr(essors ( religion :o b>t] _! fell[-pr(essors to !m = gold & silv]8 ,we d n despise ! l& ag5t1 or ! physician1 or ! m]*ant1 & :y8 ,simply because _! processions are virtu\s & honorable2 & if ! trade ( m5-jobb]s 0 honorable1 y w\ld n despise !m ei!r4 ,!re is no diff]5ce 9 pr9ciple1 9 ,*ri/ian e?ics1 betwe5 ! despis$ slav$eal] & ! ,*ri/ian :o buys slaves f1 or sells slaves to him2 inde$1 if slaves 7 n want$ by ! respectable1 ! weal?y1 & ! religi\s 9 a community1 !re w\ld be no slaves 9 t community1 & ( c\rse no slav$eal]s4 ,x is !n ! ,*ri/ians & ! honorable m5 & wom5 ( ! ,s\?1 :o are ! ma9 pill>s ( ?is gr& temple built to ,mammon & to ,molo*4 ,x is ! mo/ enlight5$1 9 e c\ntry :o are mo/ to blame :5 any public s9 is support$ by public op9ion1 h5ce ,isaiah says1 ,:5 ! ,"l ha? p]=m$ 8 :ole "w ^u m\nt ,zion & on ,j]usalem1 7!n7 ,i w puni% ! fruit ( ! /\t he>t ( ! k+ ( ,assyria1 & ! glory ( 8 high looks4 ,& 0 x n s8 ,op5 ! hi/orical records ( t age1 0 n ,israel c>ri$ into captivity ,b4,c4 #gba1 ,judah ,b4,c4 #ehh1 & ! /\t he>t ( ! hea!n mon>*y n puni%$ until ,b4,c4 #ecf1 fifty-two ye>s aft] ,judah's1 & #ahe ye>s1 aft] ,israel's captivity1 :5 x 0 ov]?r[n by ,cyrus1 k+ ( ,p]sia8 ,h5ce1 too1 ! apo/le ,pet] says1 judgm5t mu/ beg9 at ! h\se ( ,god4 ,surely ?is w\ld n be ! case1 if ! pr(essors ( religion 7 n mo/ wor?y ( blame4 ,b x may be ask$1 :y are !y mo/ culpable8 ,i w tell y1 my fri5ds4 ,x is because s9 is imput$ to u j 9 proportion to ! spiritual light we receive4 ,?us ! prophet ,amos says1 9 ! "n ( ,jehovah1 ,y only h ,i kn[n ( all ! families ( ! e>?3 !re=e ,i w puni% y = all y\r iniquities4 ,he> too ! doctr9e ( our ,"l on ?is important subject3 ,! s]vant :o knew 8 ,"l's w & prep>$ n himself1 nei!r did accord+ to 8 w1 %all be beat5 ) _m /ripes3 & :y8 ,= unto :omsoev] mu* is giv51 ( him %all mu* be requir$2 & to :om m5 h committ$ mu*1 ( him !y w ask ! m4 ,oh6 !n t ! ,*ri/ians ( ! s\? w\ld pond] ^! ?+s 9 _! he>ts1 & awake to ! va/ responsibilities :i* re/ ^u !m at ?is important crisis4 ,i h ?us1 ,i ?9k1 cle>ly prov$ to y sev5 propositions1 viz43 ,fir/1 t slav]y is contr>y to ! decl>ation ( our indep5d5ce4 ,second1 t x is contr>y to ! fir/ *>t] ( human rights giv5 to ,adam1 & r5ew$ to ,noah4 ,?ird1 t ! fact ( slav]y hav+ be5 ! subject ( prophecy1 furni%es no excuse :atev] to slavehold]s4 ,f\r?1 t no su* sy/em exi/$ "u ! patri>*al disp5sation4 ,fif?1 t slav]y nev] exi/$ "u ! ,jewi% disp5sation2 b s f> o!rwise1 t e s]vant 0 plac$ "u ! protection ( law1 & c>e tak5 n only to prev5t all involunt>y s]vitude1 b all volunt>y p]petual bondage4 ,six?1 t slav]y 9 ,am]ica r$uces a man to a ?+1 a *attel p]sonal1 robs him ( all 8 rights z a human be+1 fett]s bo? 8 m9d & body1 & protects ! ma/] 9 ! mo/ unnatural & unreasonable p[]1 :il/ x ?r[s him out ( ! protection ( law4 ,sev5?1 t slav]y is contr>y to ! example & precepts ( our holy & m]ciful ,r$eem]1 & ( 8 apo/les4 ,b p]haps y w be ready to qu]y1 :y appeal to wom5 on ?is subject8 ,we d n make ! laws :i* p]petuate slav]y4 ,no legislative p[] is ve/$ 9 u2 we c d no?+ to ov]?r[ ! sy/em1 ev5 if we wi%$ to d s4 ,to ?is ,i reply1 ,i "k y d n make ! laws1 b ,i also "k t y are ! wives & mo!rs1 ! si/]s & daught]s ( ^? :o d2 & if y really suppose y c d no?+ to ov]?r[ slav]y1 y are greatly mi/ak54 ,y c d mu* 9 e way3 f\r ?+s ,i w "n4 #a/4 ,y c read on ?is subject4 #b;d4 ,y c pray ov] ?is subject4 #c;d4 ,y c speak on ?is subject4 #d?4 ,y c act on ?is subject4 ,i h n plac$ read+ be=e pray+ because ,i reg>d x m important1 b because1 9 ord] to pray "r1 we mu/ und]/& :at we are pray+ =2 x is only !n we c pray ) ! und]/&+ & ! _s also4 #a4 ,read !n on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,se>* ! ,scriptures daily1 :e!r ! ?+s ,i h told y are true4 ,o!r books & pap]s might be a great help to y 9 ?is inve/igation1 b !y are n necess>y1 & x is h>dly probable t y\r ,committees ( ,vigilance w all[ y to h any o!r4 ,! ,bible !n is ! book ,i want y to read 9 ! _s ( inquiry1 & ! _s ( pray]4 ,ev5 ! enemies ( ,abolitioni/s1 ackn[l$ge t _! doctr9es are drawn f x4 ,9 ! great mob 9 ,bo/on1 la/ autumn1 :5 ! books & pap]s ( ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 7 ?r[n out ( ! w9d[s ( _! (fice1 "o individual laid hold ( ! ,bible & 0 ab\t toss+ x out to ! cr[d1 :5 ano!r rem9d$ him t x 0 ! ,bible he _h 9 8 h&4 ,oh6 'tis all "o1 he repli$1 & out w5t ! sacr$ volume1 along ) ! re/4 ,we ?ank him = ! ackn[l$gm5t4 ,yes1 x is all "o1 = our books & pap]s are mo/ly comm5t>ies on ! ,bible1 & ! ,decl>ation4 ,read ! ,bible !n2 x conta9s ! words ( ,jesus1 & !y are _s & life4 ,judge = y\rselves :e!r he sanction$ su* a sy/em ( oppression & crime4 #b4 ,pray ov] ?is subject4 ,:5 y h ent]$ into y\r closets1 & %ut to ! doors1 !n pray to y\r fa!r1 :o see? 9 secret1 t he w\ld op5 y\r eyes to see :e!r slav]y is s9ful1 & if x is1 t he w\ld enable y to be> a fai?ful1 op5 & un%r9k+ te/imony aga9/ x1 & to d :atsoev] y\r h&s f9d to d1 leav+ ! consequ5ces entirely to him1 :o /ill says to u :5ev] we try to reason away duty f ! fe> ( consequ5ces1 ,:at is t to !e1 foll[ ?\ me4 ,pray also = ! poor slave1 t he may be kept pati5t & submissive "u 8 h>d lot1 until ,god is pleas$ to op5 ! door ( fre$om to him )\t viol5ce or blood%$4 ,pray too = ! ma/] t 8 he>t may be s(t5$1 & he made will+ to ackn[l$ge1 z ,joseph's bre?r5 did1 ,v]ily we are guilty conc]n+ our bro!r1 be=e he w be compell$ to add 9 consequ5ce ( ,div9e judgm5t1 !re=e is all ?is evil come ^u u4 ,pray also = all y\r bre?r5 & si/]s :o are labor+ 9 ! righte\s cause ( ,emancipation 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 ,engl& & ! _w4 ,!re is great enc\ragem5t = pray] 9 ^! words ( our ,"l4 ,:atsoev] ye %all ask ! ,fa!r 9 any "n1 he w give x to y--,pray !n )\t ceas+1 9 ! closet & ! social circle4 #c4 ,speak on ?is subject4 ,x is ?r\gh ! tongue1 ! p51 & ! press1 t tru? is pr9cipally propagat$4 ,speak !n to y\r relatives1 y\r fri5ds1 y\r acqua9tances on ! subject ( slav]y2 be n afraid if y are consci5ti\sly conv9c$ x is s9ful1 to say s op5ly1 b calmly1 & to let y\r s5tim5ts be kn[n4 ,if y are s]v$ by ! slaves ( o!rs1 try to ameliorate _! condition z mu* z possible2 nev] aggravate _! faults1 & ?us add fuel to ! fire ( ang] already k9dl$1 9 a ma/] & mi/ress's bosom2 rememb] _! extreme ignorance1 & consid] !m z y\r ,heav5ly ,fa!r does ! less culpable on ?is acc\nt1 ev5 :5 !y d wrong ?+s4 ,disc\nt5ance all cruelty to !m1 all />vation1 all corporal *a/isem5t2 ^! may brutalize & break _! spirits1 b w nev] b5d !m to will+1 *e]ful ob$i5ce4 ,if possible1 see t !y are com=tably & seasonably f$1 :e!r 9 ! h\se or ! field2 x is unreasonable & cruel to expect slaves to wait = _! breakfa/ until elev5 o'clock1 :5 !y rise at five or six4 ,d all y c1 to induce _! own]s to clo! !m well1 & to all[ !m _m little indulg5ces :i* w\ld contribute to _! com=t4 ,above all1 try to p]suade y\r husb&1 fa!r1 bro!rs & sons1 t slav]y is a crime aga9/ ,god & man1 & t x is a great s9 to keep human be+s 9 su* abject ignorance2 to d5y !m ! privilege ( le>n+ to read & write4 ,! ,ca?olics are univ]sally condemn$1 = d5y+ ! ,bible to ! common p1 b1 slavehold]s mu/ n blame !m1 = !y are do+ ! v same ?+1 & = ! v same reason1 nei!r ( ^! sy/ems c be> ! light :i* bur/s f ! pages ( t ,holy ,book4 ,& la/ly1 endeav\r to inculcate submission on ! "p ( ! slaves1 b :il/ do+ ?is be fai?ful 9 plead+ ! cause ( ! oppress$4 ,w y behold unhe$+1 ,life's holie/ feel+s cru%$1 ,:]e woman's he>t is ble$+1 ,%all woman's voice be hu%$8 #d4 ,act on ?is subject4 ,"s ( y own slaves y\rselves4 ,if y believe slav]y is s9ful1 set !m at lib]ty1 undo ! heavy burd5s & let ! oppress$ g free4 ,if !y wi% to rema9 ) y1 pay !m wages1 if n1 let !m leave y4 ,%\ld !y rema91 tea* !m1 & h !m taught ! common bran*es ( an ,engli% education2 !y h m9ds1 & ^? m9ds ought to be improv$4 ,s preci\s a tal5t z intellect1 nev] 0 giv5 to be wrapt 9 a napk9 & buri$ 9 ! e>?4 ,x is ! duty ( all1 z f> z !y c1 to improve _! own m5tal faculties1 because we are comm&$ to love ,god ) all our m9ds1 z well z ) all our he>ts1 & we commit a great s91 if we =bid or prev5t t cultivation ( ! m9d 9 o!rs1 :i* w\ld enable !m to p]=m ?is duty4 ,tea* y\r s]vants1 !n1 to read1 c41 & enc\rage !m to believe x is _! duty to le>n1 if x 7 only t !y might read ! ,bible4 ,b "s ( y w say1 we c nei!r free our slaves nor tea* !m to read1 = ! laws ( our /ate =bid x4 ,be n surpris$ :5 ,i say su* wick$ laws ought to be no b>ri] 9 ! way ( y\r duty1 & ,i appeal to ! ,bible to prove ?is position4 ,:at 0 ! conduct ( ,%iprah & ,puah1 :5 ! k+ ( ,egypt issu$ 8 cruel m&ate1 ) reg>d to ! ,hebrew *ildr58 ,!y fe>$ ,god1 & did n z ! ,k+ ( ,egypt comm&$ !m1 b sav$ ! m5 *ildr5 alive4 ,& be x rememb]$1 t x 0 ?r\gh _! fai?fulness t ,moses 0 pres]v$4 ,?is great & imm$iate emancipator 0 indebt$ to a woman = 8 sp>$ life1 & he became a bless+ to ! :ole ,jewi% nation4 ,did ^! wom5 d "r 9 disobey+ t mon>*8 ,!re=e 7says ! sacr$ text17 ,god dealt well ) !m1 & made !m h\ses ,ex4 i4 ,:at 0 ! conduct ( ,%adra*1 ,me%a*1 & ,ab$nego1 :5 ,nebu*adnezz> set up a gold5 image 9 ! pla9 ( ,dura1 & comm&$ all p1 nations1 & languages1 to fall d[n & wor%ip x8 ,be x kn[n1 unto !e1 7said ^! fai?ful ,jews7 ,o k+1 t we w n s]ve ?y gods1 nor wor%ip ! image :i* ?\ ha/ set up4 ,did ^! m5 d "r 9 disobey+ ! law ( _! sov]eign8 ,let _! miracul\s deliv]ance f ! burn+ fi]y furnace1 answ]2 ,dan4 iii4 ,:at 0 ! conduct ( ,daniel1 :5 ,d>ius made a firm decree t no "o %\ld ask a petition ( any man or ,god = ?irty days8 ,did ! prophet cease to pray8 ,no6 ,:5 ,daniel knew t ! writ+ 0 sign$1 he w5t into 8 h\se1 & 8 w9d[s be+ op5 t[>ds ,j]usalem1 he kneel$ ^u 8 knees ?ree times a day1 & pray$ & gave ?anks be=e 8 ,god1 z he did a=etime4 ,did ,daniel d "r ?us to break ! law ( 8 k+8 ,let 8 wond]ful deliv]ance out ( ! m\?s ( ! lions answ]2 ,dan4 vii4 ,look1 too1 at ! ,apo/les ,pet] & ,john4 ,:5 ! rul]s ( ! ,jews1 comm&$ !m n to speak at all1 nor tea* 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1 :at did !y say8 ,:e!r x be "r 9 ! sight ( ,god1 to he>k5 unto y m ?an unto ,god1 judge ye4 ,& :at did !y d8 ,!y spake ! ^w ( ,god ) boldness1 & ) great p[] gave ! ,apo/les witness ( ! resurrection ( ! ,"l ,jesus2 al?\gh ?is 0 ! v doctr9e1 = ! prea*+ ( :i*1 !y _h j be5 ca/ into prison1 & fur!r ?reat5$4 ,did ^! m5 d "r8 ,i leave y to answ]1 :o n[ enjoy ! b5efits ( _! labors & suff]+s1 9 t ,gospel !y d>$ to prea* :5 positively comm&$ n to tea* any m 9 ! "n ( ,jesus2 ,acts iv4 ,b "s ( y may say1 if we d free our slaves1 !y w be tak5 up & sold1 !re=e !re w be no use 9 do+ x4 ,pet] & ,john might j z well h said1 we w n prea* ! gospel1 = if we d1 we %all be tak5 up & put 9 prison1 !re=e !re w be no use 9 our prea*+4 ,consequ5ces1 my fri5ds1 belong no m to y1 ?an !y did to ^! apo/les4 ,duty is ours & ev5ts are ,god's4 ,if y ?9k slav]y is s9ful1 all y h to d is to set y\r slaves at lib]ty1 d all y c to protect !m1 & 9 humble fai? & f]v5t pray]1 comm5d !m to y\r common ,fa!r4 ,he c take c>e ( !m2 b if = wise purposes he sees fit to all[ !m to be sold1 ?is w af=d y an opportunity ( te/ify+ op5ly1 :]ev] y g1 aga9/ ! crime ( man/eal+4 ,su* an act w be cle> robb]y1 & if expos$1 might1 "u ! ,div9e direction1 d ! cause ( ,emancipation m good1 ?an any ?+ t c\ld happ51 =1 ,he makes ev5 ! wra? ( man to praise him1 & ! rema9d] ( wra? he w re/ra94 ,i "k t ?is doctr9e ( obey+ ,god1 r ?an man1 w be consid]$ z dang]\s1 & h]etical by _m1 b ,i am n afraid op5ly to av[ x1 because x is ! doctr9e ( ! ,bible2 b ,i w\ld n be und]/ood to advocate resi/ance to any law h[ev] oppressive1 if1 9 obey+ x1 ,i 0 n oblig$ to commit s94 ,if = in/ance1 !re 0 a law1 :i* impos$ imprisonm5t or a f9e ^u me if ,i manumitt$ a slave1 ,i w\ld on no acc\nt resi/ t law1 ,i w\ld set ! slave free1 & !n g to prison or suff] ! p5alty4 ,if a law comm&s me to s9 ,i w break x2 if x calls me to suff]1 ,i w let x take its c\rse unresi/+ly4 ,! doctr9e ( bl9d ob$i5ce & unqualifi$ submission to any human p[]1 :e!r civil or ecclesia/ical1 is ! doctr9e ( despotism1 & ought to h no place among ,republicans & ,*ri/ians4 ,b y w p]haps say1 su* a c\rse ( conduct w\ld inevitably expose u to great suff]+4 ,yes6 my *ri/ian fri5ds1 ,i believe x w\ld1 b ?is w n excuse y or any "o else = ! neglect ( duty4 ,if ,prophets & ,apo/les1 ,m>tyrs1 & ,re=m]s _h n be5 will+ to suff] = ! tru?'s sake1 :]e w\ld ! _w h be5 n[8 ,if !y _h said1 we _c speak ! tru?1 we _c d :at we believe is "r1 because ! laws ( our c\ntry or public op9ion are aga9/ u1 :]e w\ld our holy religion h be5 n[8 ,! ,prophets 7 /on$1 imprison$1 & kill$ by ! ,jews4 ,& :y8 ,because !y expos$ & op5ly rebuk$ public s9s2 !y oppos$ public op9ion2 _h !y held _! peace1 !y all might h liv$ 9 ease & di$ 9 favor ) a wick$ g5]ation4 ,:y 7 ! ,apo/les p]secut$ f city to city1 /on$1 inc>c]at$1 beat51 & crucifi$8 ,because !y d>$ to speak ! tru?2 to tell ! ,jews1 boldly & fe>lessly1 t !y 7 ! murd]]s ( ! ,"l ( ,glory1 & t1 h[ev] great a /umbl+-block ! ,cross might be to !m1 !re 0 no o!r "n giv5 "u heav5 by :i* m5 c\ld be sav$1 b ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,because !y decl>$1 ev5 at ,a!ns1 ! seat ( le>n+ & ref9em5t1 ! self-evid5t tru?1 t !y be no gods t are made ) m5's h&s1 & expos$ to ! ,grecians ! fooli%ness ( worldly wisdom1 & ! impossibility ( salvation b ?r\gh ,*ri/1 :om !y despis$ on acc\nt ( ! ignom9i\s dea? he di$4 ,because at ,rome1 ! pr\d mi/ress ( ! _w1 !y ?und]$ out ! t]rors ( ! law ^u t idolatr\s1 w>-mak+1 & slave-hold+ community4 ,:y 7 ! m>tyrs /ret*$ ^u ! rack1 gibbett$ & burnt1 ! scorn & div]sion ( a ,n]o1 :il/ _! t>r$ & burn+ bodies s5t up a light :i* illum9at$ ! ,roman capital8 ,:y 7 ! ,wald5ses hunt$ l wild bea/s ^u ! m\nta9s ( ,pi$mont1 & sla9 ) ! sword ( ! ,duke ( ,savoy & ! pr\d mon>* ( ,france8 ,:y 7 ! ,presbyt]ians *as$ l ! p>tridge ov] ! highl&s ( ,scotl&--! ,me?odi/s pump$1 & /on$1 & pelt$ ) rott5 eggs--! ,quak]s inc>c]at$ 9 fil?y prisons1 beat51 :ipp$ at ! c>t's tail1 bani%$ & hung8 ,because !y d>$ to speak ! tru?1 to break ! unrighte\s laws ( _! c\ntry1 & *ose r to suff] affliction ) ! p ( ,god1 n accept+ deliv]ance1 ev5 "u ! gall[s4 ,:y 7 ,lu!r & ,calv9 p]secut$ & excommunicat$1 ,cranm]1 ,ridley1 & ,latim] burnt8 ,because !y fe>lessly proclaim$ ! tru?1 ?\gh t tru? 0 contr>y to public op9ion1 & ! au?ority ( ,ecclesia/ical c\ncils & conv5tions4 ,n[ all ?is va/ am\nt ( human suff]+ might h be5 sav$4 ,all ^! ,prophets & ,apo/les1 ,m>tyrs1 & ,re=m]s1 might h liv$ & di$ 9 peace ) all m51 b foll[+ ! example ( _! great patt]n1 !y despis$ ! %ame1 endur$ ! cross1 & are n[ set d[n on ! "r h& ( ! ?rone ( ,god1 hav+ receiv$ ! glori\s welcome ( well done good & fai?ful s]vants1 ent] ye into ! joy ( y\r ,"l4 ,b y may say we are wom51 h[ c our he>ts endure p]secution8 ,& :y n8 ,h n wom5 aris5 9 all ! dignity & /r5g? ( moral c\rage to be ! lead]s ( ! p1 & to be> a fai?ful te/imony = ! tru? :5ev] ! provid5ce ( ,god has call$ !m to d s8 ,are !re no wom5 9 t noble army ( m>tyrs :o are n[ s++ ! song ( ,moses & ! ,lamb8 ,:o l$ out ! wom5 ( ,israel f ! h\se ( bondage1 /rik+ ! timbrel1 & s++ ! song ( deliv]ance on ! banks ( t sea ^: wat]s /ood up l walls ( cry/al to op5 a passage = _! escape8 ,x 0 a woman2 ,miriam1 ! prophetess1 ! si/] ( ,moses & ,a>on4 ,:o w5t up ) ,b>ak to ,kade% to fight aga9/ ,jab91 ,k+ ( ,canaan1 into ^: h& ,israel _h be5 sold because ( _! iniquities8 ,x 0 a woman6 ,deborah ! wife ( ,lapido?1 ! judge1 z well z ! prophetess ( t backslid+ p2 ,judges iv1 #i4 ,into ^: h&s 0 ,sis]a1 ! capta9 ( ,jab9's ho/ deliv]$8 ,into ! h& ( a woman4 ,jael ! wife ( ,heb]6 ,judges vi1 #ba4 ,:o d>$ to speak ! tru? conc]n+ ^? judgm5ts :i* 7 com+ ^u ,judea1 :5 ,josiah1 al>m$ at f9d+ t 8 p _h n kept ! ^w ( ! ,"l to d aft] all t 0 writt5 9 ! book ( ! ,law1 s5t to enquire ( ! ,"l conc]n+ ^! ?+s8 ,x 0 a woman4 ,huldah ! prophetess1 ! wife ( ,%allum2 #b1 ,*ron4 xxxiv1 #bb4 ,:o 0 *os5 to deliv] ! :ole ,jewi% nation f t murd]\s decree ( ,p]sia's ,k+1 :i* wick$ ,haman _h obta9$ by calumny & fraud8 ,x 0 a woman2 ,e/h] ! ,que52 yes1 weak & trembl+ woman 0 ! in/rum5t appo9t$ by ,god1 to rev]se ! bloody m&ate ( ! ea/]n mon>*1 & save ! :ole visible *ur* f de/ruction4 ,:at human voice fir/ proclaim$ to ,m>y t %e %\ld be ! "m ( our ,"l8 ,x 0 a woman6 ,elizabe?1 ! wife ( ,za*>ias2 ,luke i1 #db1 #dc4 ,:o unit$ ) ! good old ,simeon 9 giv+ ?anks publicly 9 ! temple1 :5 ! *ild1 ,jesus1 0 pres5t$ !re by 8 p>5ts1 & spake ( him to all !m t look$ = r$emption 9 ,j]usalem8 ,x 0 a woman6 ,anna ! prophetess4 ,:o fir/ proclaim$ ,*ri/ z ! true ,messiah 9 ! /reets ( ,sam>ia1 once ! capital ( ! t5 tribes8 ,x 0 a woman6 ,:o m9i/]$ to ! ,son ( ,god :il/ on e>?1 a despis$ & p]secut$ ,re=m]1 9 ! humble g>b ( a c>p5t]8 ,!y 7 wom56 ,:o foll[$ ! reject$ ,k+ ( ,israel1 z 8 fa9t+ foot/eps trod ! road to ,calv>y8 ,a great company ( p & ( wom52 & x is rem>kable t to !m alone1 he turn$ & address$ ! pa!tic language1 ,daught]s ( ,j]usalem weep n = me1 b weep = y\rselves & y\r *ildr54 ,ah6 :o s5t unto ! ,roman ,gov]nor :5 he 0 set d[n on ! judgm5t seat1 say+ unto him1 ,h ?\ no?+ to d ) t j man1 = ,i h suff]$ _m ?+s ?is day 9 a dream because ( him8 ,x 0 a woman6 ! wife ( ,pilate4 ,al?\gh he knew t = envy ! ,jews _h deliv]$ ,*ri/1 yet he cons5t$ to surr5d] ! ,son ( ,god into ! h&s ( a brutal soldi]y1 aft] hav+ himself sc\rg$ 8 nak$ body4 ,_h ! wife ( ,pilate sat ^u t judgm5t seat1 :at w\ld h be5 ! result ( ! trial ( ?is j p]son8 ,& :o la/ hung r\nd ! cross ( ,jesus on ! m\nta9 ( ,golgo?a8 ,:o fir/ visit$ ! sepul*re e>ly 9 ! morn+ on ! fir/ day ( ! week1 c>ry+ sweet spices to embalm 8 preci\s body1 n kn[+ t x 0 incorruptible & c\ld n be hold5 by ! b&s ( dea?8 ,^! 7 wom56 ,to :om did he fir/ appe> aft] 8 resurrection8 ,x 0 to a woman6 ,m>y ,magdal5e2 ,m>k xvi1 #i4 ,:o ga!r$ ) ! apo/les to wait at ,j]usalem1 9 pray] & supplication1 = ! promise ( ! ,fa!r2 ! spiritual bless+ ( ! ,great ,high ,prie/ ( 8 ,*ur*1 :o _h ent]$1 n into ! spl5did temple ( ,solomon1 !re to (f] ! blood ( bulls1 & ( goats1 & ! smok+ c5s] ^u ! gold5 alt>1 b into ,heav5 itself1 !re to pres5t 8 int]cessions1 aft] hav+ giv5 himself = u1 an (f]+ & a sacrifice to ,god = a sweet smell+ savor8 ,wom5 7 among t holy company2 ,acts i1 #ad4 ,& did wom5 wait 9 va98 ,did ^? :o _h m9i/]$ to 8 necessities1 foll[$ 9 8 tra91 & wept at 8 crucifixion1 wait 9 va98 ,no6 ,no6 ,did ! clov5 tongues ( fire desc5d ^u ! heads ( wom5 z well z m58 ,yes1 my fri5ds1 x sat ^u ea* "o ( !m2 ,acts ii1 #c4 ,wom5 z well z m5 7 to be liv+ /ones 9 ! temple ( grace1 & !re=e _! heads 7 consecrat$ by ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ z well z ^? ( m54 ,7 wom5 recogniz$ z fell[ labor]s 9 ! gospel field8 ,!y 76 ,paul says 9 8 epi/le to ! ,philippians1 help ^? wom5 :o labor$ ) me1 9 ! gospel2 ,phil4 iv1 #c4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,roman wom5 7 burnt at ! /ake1 _! delicate limbs 7 torn jo9t f jo9t by ! f]oci\s bea/s ( ! ,ampi!atre1 & toss$ by ! wild bull 9 8 fury1 = ! div]sion ( t idolatr\s1 w>like1 & slavehold+ p4 ,yes1 wom5 suff]$ "u ! t5 p]secutions ( hea!n ,rome1 ) ! mo/ un%r9k+ con/ancy & =titude2 n all ! entreaties ( fri5ds1 nor ! claims ( new born infancy1 nor ! cruel ?reats ( enemies c\ld make !m spr9kle "o gra9 ( inc5se ^u ! alt>s ( ,roman idols4 ,come n[ ) me to ! beautiful valleys ( ,pi$mont4 ,^: blood /a9s ! gre5 sw>d1 & decks ! wild fl[]s ) colors n _! own1 & smokes on ! sword ( p]secut+ ,france8 ,x is woman's1 z well z man's8 ,yes1 wom5 7 acc\nt$ z %eep = ! slaught]1 & 7 cut d[n z ! t5d] sapl+s ( ! wood4 ,b "t w\ld fail me1 to tell ( all ^? hundr$s & ?\s&s ( wom51 :o p]i%$ 9 ! ,l[ c\ntries ( ,holl&1 :5 ,alva's sword ( v5geance 0 un%ea!d aga9/ ! ,prote/ants1 :5 ! ,ca?olic ,inquisitions ( ,europe became ! m]ciless execution]s ( v9dictive wra?1 ^u ^? :o d>$ to wor%ip ,god1 in/ead ( b[+ d[n 9 unholy adoration be=e my ,"l ,god ! ,pope1 & :5 ,engl&1 too1 burnt h] ,ann ,ascoes at ! /ake ( m>tyrdom4 ,suffice x to say1 t ! ,*ur*1 aft] hav+ be5 driv5 f ,judea to ,rome1 & f ,rome to ,pi$mont1 & f ,pi$mont to ,engl&1 & f ,engl& to ,holl&1 at la/ /ret*$ h] fa9t+ w+s ov] ! d>k bosom ( ! ,atlantic1 & f\nd on ! %ores ( a great wild]ness1 a refuge f tyranny & oppression--z %e ?\ght1 b ev5 "h1 7! w>m blu% ( %ame mantles my *eek z ,i write x17 ev5 "h1 woman 0 beat5 & bani%$1 imprison$1 & hung ^u ! gall[s1 a trophy to ! ,cross4 ,& :at1 ,i w\ld ask 9 conclusion1 h wom5 done = ! great & glori\s cause ( ,emancipation8 ,:o wrote t pamphlet :i* mov$ ! he>t ( ,wilb]=ce to pray ov] ! wrongs1 & 8 tongue to plead ! cause ( ! oppress$ ,african8 ,x 0 a woman1 ,elizabe? ,heyrick4 ,:o labor$ assidu\sly to keep ! suff]+s ( ! slave cont9ually be=e ! ,briti% public8 ,!y 7 wom54 ,& h[ did !y d x8 ,by _! ne$les1 pa9t bru%es & p5s1 by speak+ ! tru?1 & petition+ ,p>liam5t = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,& :at 0 ! effect ( _! labors8 ,read x 9 ! ,emancipation bill ( ,great ,brita94 ,read x1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( h] ,we/ ,india ,colonies4 ,read x1 9 ! impulse :i* has be5 giv5 to ! cause ( fre$om1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,h ,engli% wom5 !n done s mu* = ! negro1 & %all ,am]ican wom5 d no?+8 ,oh no6 ,already are !re sixty female ,anti-,slav]y ,societies 9 op]ation4 ,^! are do+ j :at ! ,engli% wom5 did1 tell+ ! /ory ( ! color$ man's wrongs1 pray+ = 8 deliv]ance1 & pres5t+ 8 kneel+ image con/antly be=e ! public eye on bags & ne$le-books1 c>d-racks1 p5-wip]s1 p9-cu%ions1 c4 ,ev5 ! *ildr5 ( ! nor? are inscrib+ on _! h&y "w1 ,may ! po9ts ( our ne$les prick ! slavehold]'s consci5ce4 ,"s ( ! reports ( ^! ,societies exhibit n only consid]able tal5t1 b a deep s5se ( religi\s duty1 & a det]m9ation to p]sev]e ?r\gh evil z well z good report1 until e sc\rge1 & e %ackle1 is buri$ "u ! feet ( ! manumitt$ slave4 ,! ,ladies' ,anti-,slav]y ,society ( ,bo/on 0 call$ la/ fall1 to a sev]e trial ( _! fai? & con/ancy4 ,!y 7 mobb$ by ! g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+1 9 t city at _! anniv]s>y meet+1 & _! lives 7 jeop>d$ by an infuriat$ cr[d2 b _! conduct on t occasion did cr$it to our sex1 & af=ds a full assurance t !y w nev] ab&on ! cause ( ! slave4 ,! pamphlet1 ,"r & ,wrong 9 ,bo/on1 issu$ by !m 9 :i* a p>ticul> acc\nt is giv5 ( t mob ( broad clo? 9 broad day1 does equal cr$it to ! head & ! he>t ( h] :o wrote x4 ,i wi% my ,s\!rn si/]s c\ld read x2 !y w\ld !n und]/& t ! wom5 ( ! ,nor? h engag$ 9 ?is "w f a s5se ( religi\s duty1 & t no?+ w ev] induce !m to take _! h&s f x until x is fully accompli%$4 ,!y feel no ho/ility to y1 no bitt]ness or wra?2 !y r sympa?ize 9 y\r trials & difficulties2 b !y well "k t ! fir/ ?+ to be done to help y1 is to p\r 9 ! light ( tru? on y\r m9ds1 to urge y to reflect on1 & pray ov] ! subject4 ,?is is all !y c d = y1 y mu/ "w out y\r own deliv]ance ) fe> & trembl+1 & ) ! direction & bless+ ( ,god1 y c d x4 ,nor!rn wom5 may labor to produce a correct public op9ion at ! ,nor?1 b if ,s\!rn wom5 sit d[n 9 li/less indiff]5ce & crim9al idl5ess1 public op9ion _c be rectifi$ & purifi$ at ! ,s\?4 ,x is manife/ to e reflect+ m9d1 t slav]y mu/ be aboli%$2 ! era 9 :i* we live1 & ! light :i* is ov]spread+ ! :ole _w on ?is subject1 cle>ly %[ t ! "t _c be di/ant :5 x w be done4 ,n[ !re are only two ways 9 :i* x c be effect$1 by moral p[] or physical =ce1 & x is = y to *oose :i* ( ^! y pref]4 ,slav]y always has1 & always w produce insurrections :]ev] x exi/s1 because x is a violation ( ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 & no human p[] c mu* long] p]petuate x4 ,! oppos]s ( abolitioni/s fully believe ?is2 "o ( !m rem>k$ to me n long s9ce1 !re is no d\bt !re w be a mo/ t]rible ov]turn+ at ! ,s\? 9 a few ye>s1 su* cruelty & wrong1 mu/ be visit$ ) ,div9e v5geance soon4 ,abolitioni/s believe1 too1 t ?is mu/ inevitably be ! case if y d n rep5t1 & !y are n will+ to leave y to p]i% )\t entreat+ y1 to save y\rselves f de/ruction2 well may !y say ) ! apo/le1 am ,i !n y\r enemy because ,i tell y ! tru?1 & w>n y to flee f imp5d+ judgm5ts4 ,b :y1 my de> fri5ds1 h ,i ?us be5 endeavor+ to lead y ?r\gh ! hi/ory ( m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 & to po9t y to t great cl\d ( witnesses :o h gone be=e1 f works to rew>ds8 ,h ,i be5 seek+ to magnify ! suff]+s1 & exalt ! "* ( woman1 t %e might h praise ( m58 ,no6 no6 my object has be5 to ar\se y1 z ! wives & mo!rs1 ! daught]s & si/]s1 ( ! ,s\?1 to a s5se ( y\r duty z wom51 & z ,*ri/ian wom51 on t great subject1 :i* has already %ak5 our c\ntry1 f ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ! lakes1 to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 & f ! ,mississippi to ! %ores ( ! ,atlantic2 & w cont9ue mightily to %ake x1 until ! pollut$ temple ( slav]y fall & crumble into ru94 ,i w\ld say unto ea* "o ( y1 :at meane/ ?\1 ,o sleep]6 arise & call ^u ?y ,god1 if s be t ,god w ?9k ^u u t we p]i% n4 ,p]ceive y n t d>k cl\d ( v5geance :i* hangs ov] our boa/+ ,republic8 ,saw y n ! lightn+s ( ,heav5's wra?1 9 ! flame :i* leap$ f ! ,indian's tor* to ! ro( ( yond] dwell+1 & light$ ) its horrid gl>e ! d>kness ( midnight8 ,he>d y n ! ?und]s ( ,div9e ang]1 z ! di/ant ro> ( ! cannon came roll+ onw>d1 f ! ,texian c\ntry1 :]e ,prote/ant ,am]ican ,rebels are fight+ ) ,mexican ,republicans--= :at8 ,= ! re-e/abli%m5t ( slav]y2 yes6 ( ,am]ican slav]y 9 ! bosom ( a ,ca?olic ,republic1 :]e t sy/em ( robb]y1 viol5ce1 & wrong1 _h be5 legally aboli%$ = twelve ye>s4 ,yes6 citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 aft] plund]+ ,mexico ( h] l&1 are n[ engag$ 9 deadly conflict1 = ! privilege ( fa/5+ *a9s1 & coll>s1 & manacles--^u :om8 ^u ! subjects ( "s =eign pr9ce8 ,no6 ^u native born ,am]ican ,republican citiz5s1 al?\gh ! fa!rs ( ^! v m5 decl>$ to ! :ole _w1 :ile /ruggl+ to free !mselves f ! ?ree p5ny taxes ( an ,engli% k+1 t !y believ$ x to be a self-evid5t tru? t all m5 7 creat$ equal1 & _h an unali5able "r to lib]ty4 ,well may ! poet exclaim 9 bitt] s>casm1 ,! fu/ian flag t pr\dly waves ,9 solemn mock]y o'er a l& ( slaves4 ,c y n1 my fri5ds1 und]/& ! signs ( ! times2 d y n see ! sword ( retributive ju/ice hang+ ov] ! ,s\?1 or are y /ill slumb]+ at y\r po/s8--,are !re no ,%iphrahs1 no ,puahs among y1 :o w d>e 9 ,*ri/ian firmness & ,*ri/ian meekness1 to refuse to obey ! wick$ laws :i* require woman to enslave1 to degrade & to brutalize woman8 ,are !re no ,miriams1 :o w\ld rejoice to lead out ! captive daught]s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to lib]ty & light8 ,are !re no ,huldahs !re :o w d>e to speak ! tru? conc]n+ ! s9s ( ! p & ^? judgm5ts1 :i* x requires no prophet's eye to see1 mu/ foll[ if rep5tance is n spe$ily s\ght8 ,is !re no ,e/h] among y :o w plead = ! poor devot$ slave8 ,read ! hi/ory ( ?is ,p]sian que51 x is full ( in/ruction2 %e at fir/ refus$ to plead = ! ,jews2 b1 he> ! words ( ,mordecai1 ,?9k n )9 ?yself1 t ?\ %alt escape 9 ! k+'s h\se m ?an all ! ,jews1 = if ?\ altoge!r holde/ ?y peace at ?is "t1 !n %all !re enl>gem5t & deliv]ance arise to ! ,jews f ano!r place3 b ?\ & ?y fa!r's h\se %all be de/roy$4 ,li/51 too1 to h] magnanim\s reply to ?is p[]ful appeal2 ,i w g 9 unto ! k+1 :i* is n accord+ to law1 & if ,i p]i%1 ,i p]i%4 ,yes6 if !re 7 b "o ,e/h] at ! ,s\?1 %e might save h] c\ntry f ru92 b let ! ,*ri/ian wom5 !re arise1 z ! ,*ri/ian wom5 ( ,great ,brita9 did1 9 ! maje/y ( moral p[]1 & t salvation is c]ta94 ,let !m embody !mselves 9 societies1 & s5d petitions up to _! diff]5t legislatures1 entreat+ _! husb&s1 fa!rs1 bro!rs & sons1 to aboli% ! in/itution ( slav]y2 no long] to subject woman to ! sc\rge & ! *a91 to m5tal d>kness & moral degradation2 no long] to te> husb&s f _! wives1 & *ildr5 f _! p>5ts2 no long] to make m51 wom51 & *ildr51 "w )\t wages2 no long] to make _! lives bitt] 9 h>d bondage2 no long] to r$uce ,am]ican citiz5s to ! abject condition ( slaves1 ( *attels p]sonal2 no long] to b>t] ! image ( ,god 9 human %ambles = corruptible ?+s su* z silv] & gold4 ,! wom5 ( ! ,s\? c ov]?r[ ?is horrible sy/em ( oppression & cruelty1 lic5ti\sness & wrong4 ,su* appeals to y\r legislatures w\ld be irresi/ible1 = !re is some?+ 9 ! he>t ( man :i* w b5d "u moral suasion4 ,!re is a swift witness = tru? 9 8 bosom1 :i* w respond to tru? :5 x is utt]$ ) calmness & dignity4 ,if y c\ld obta9 b six signatures to su* a petition 9 only "o /ate1 ,i w\ld say1 s5d up t petition1 & be n 9 ! lea/ disc\rag$ by ! sc(fs & je]s ( ! he>tless1 or ! resolution ( ! h\se to lay x on ! table4 ,x w be a great ?+ if ! subject c be introduc$ into y\r legislatures 9 any way1 ev5 by wom51 & !y w be ! mo/ likely to introduce x !re 9 ! be/ possible mann]1 z a matt] ( morals & religion1 n ( exp$i5cy or politics4 ,y may petition1 too1 ! diff]5t ecclesia/ical bodies ( ! slave /ates4 ,slav]y mu/ be attack$ ) ! :ole p[] ( tru? & ! sword ( ! _s4 ,y mu/ take x up on ,*ri/ian gr\nd1 & fight aga9/ x ) ,*ri/ian weapons1 :il/ y\r feet are %od ) ! prep>ation ( ! gospel ( peace4 ,& y are n[ l\dly call$ ^u by ! cries ( ! wid[ & ! orphan1 to arise & gird y\rselves = ?is great moral conflict ) ! :ole arm\r ( righte\sness on ! "r h& & on ! left4 ,!re is e enc\ragem5t = y to labor & pray1 my fri5ds1 because ! abolition ( slav]y z well z its exi/5ce1 has be5 ! !me ( prophecy4 ,e?iopia 7says ! ,psalmi/7 %all /ret* =? h] h&s unto ,god4 ,& is %e n n[ do+ s8 ,are n ! ,*ri/ian negroes ( ! s\? lift+ _! h&s 9 pray] = deliv]ance1 j z ! ,israelites did :5 _! r$emption 0 draw+ nigh8 ,are !y n sigh+ & cry+ by reason ( ! h>d bondage8 ,& ?9k y1 t ,he1 ( :om x 0 said1 & ,god he>d _! groan+1 & _! cry came up unto him by reason ( ! h>d bondage1 ?9k y t 8 e> is heavy t he _c n[ he> ! cries ( 8 suff]+ *ildr58 ,or t ,he :o rais$ up a ,moses1 an ,a>on1 & a ,miriam1 to br+ !m up out ( ! l& ( ,egypt f ! h\se ( bondage1 _c n[1 ) a high h& & a /ret*$ out arm1 rid ! poor negroes out ( ! h&s ( _! ma/]s8 ,surely y believe t 8 arm is n %ort5$ t he _c save4 ,& w\ld n su* a "w ( m]cy r$\nd to 8 glory8 ,b ano!r /r+ ( ! h>p ( prophecy vibrates to ! song ( deliv]ance3 ,b !y %all sit e man "u 8 v9e1 & "u 8 fig-tree1 & none %all make !m afraid2 = ! m\? ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s ha? spok5 x4 ,! slave nev] c d ?is z long z he is a slave2 :il/ he is a *attel p]sonal he c own no prop]ty2 b ! "t is to come :5 e man is to sit "u 8 own v9e & 8 own fig-tree1 & no dom9e]+ driv]1 or irresponsible ma/]1 or irascible mi/ress1 %all make him afraid ( ! *a9 or ! :ip4 ,he>1 too1 ! sweet tones ( ano!r /r+3 ,_m %all run to & fro1 & k %all be increas$4 ,slav]y is an insurm\ntable b>ri] to ! increase ( k 9 e community :]e x exi/s2 slav]y1 !n1 mu/ be aboli%$ be=e ?is pr$iction c be fulfill$4 ,! la/ *ord ,i %all t\*1 w be ?is1 ,!y %all n hurt nor de/roy 9 all my holy m\nta94 ,slav]y1 !n1 mu/ be ov]?r[n be=e ! prophecies c be accompli%$1 b h[ are !y to be fulfill$8 ,w ! :eels ( ! mill5nial c> be roll$ onw>d by miracul\s p[]8 ,no6 ,god designs to conf] ?is holy privilege ^u woman2 x is ?r\gh _! in/rum5tality t ! great & glori\s "w ( re=m+ ! _w is to be done4 ,& see y n h[ ! mighty eng9e ( moral p[] is dragg+ 9 its re> ! ,bible & peace societies1 anti-slav]y & temp]ance1 sabba? s*ools1 moral re=m1 & missions8 or to adopt ano!r figure1 d n ^! sev5 philan?ropic associations compose ! beautiful t9ts 9 t b[ ( promise :i* spans ! ar* ( our moral heav58 ,:o does n believe1 t if ^! societies 7 brok5 up1 _! con/itutions burnt1 & ! va/ ma*9]y ) :i* !y are labor+ to reg5]ate mank9d 0 /opp$1 t ! black cl\ds ( v5geance w\ld soon1 bur/ ov] our _w1 & e city w\ld witness ! fate ( ! devot$ cities ( ! pla98 ,ea* "o ( ^! societies is walk+ abroad ?r\gh ! e>? scatt]+ ! se$s ( tru? ov] ! wide field ( our _w1 n ) ! hundr$ h&s ( a ,bri>eus1 b ) a hundr$ ?\s&4 ,ano!r enc\ragem5t = y to labor1 my fri5ds1 is1 t y w h ! pray]s & co-op]ation ( ,engli% & ,nor!rn philan?ropi/s4 ,y w nev] b5d y\r knees 9 supplication at ! ?rone ( grace = ! ov]?r[ ( slav]y1 )\t meet+ !re ! spirits ( o!r ,*ri/ians1 :o w m+le _! voices ) y\rs1 z ! morn+ or ev5+ sacrifice asc5ds to ,god4 ,yes1 ! _s ( pray] & ( supplication has be5 p\r$ out ^u _m1 _m he>ts2 !re are wre/l+ ,jacobs :o w n let g ( ! prophetic promises ( deliv]ance = ! captive1 & ! op5+1 ( prison doors to !m t are b\nd4 ,!re are ,pauls :o are say+1 9 ref]5ce to ?is subject1 ,"l1 :at wilt ?\ h me to d8 ,!re are ,m>ys sitt+ 9 ! h\se n[1 :o are ready to arise & g =? 9 ?is "w z soon z ! message is br\ght1 ! ma/] is come & calle? = !e4 ,& !re are ,m>?as1 too1 :o h already gone out to meet ,jesus1 z he b5ds 8 foot/eps to _! bro!r's grave1 & weeps1 n ov] ! lifeless body ( ,laz>us b\nd h& & foot 9 grave-clo!s1 b ov] ! politically & intellectually lifeless slave1 b\nd h& & foot 9 ! iron *a9s ( oppression & ignorance4 ,"s may be ready to say1 z ,m>?a did1 :o seem$ to expect no?+ b sympa?y f ,jesus1 ,"l1 by ?is "t he /9ke?1 = he ha? be5 dead f\r days4 ,%e ?\ght x useless to remove ! /one & expose ! loa?some body ( h] bro!r2 %e c\ld n believe t s great a miracle c\ld be wr\ght1 z to raise t putrifi$ body into life2 b ,jesus said1 take ye away ! /one2 & :5 !y _h tak5 away ! /one :]e ! dead 0 laid1 & uncov]$ ! body ( ,laz>us1 !n x 0 t ,jesus lift$ up 8 eyes & said1 ,fa!r1 ,i ?ank !e t ?\ ha/ he>d me1 c4 ,& :5 he _h ?us spok51 he cri$ ) a l\d voice1 ,laz>us1 come =?4 ,yes1 "s may be ready to say ( ! color$ race1 h[ c !y ev] be rais$ politically & intellectually1 !y h be5 dead f\r hundr$ ye>s8 ,b we h no?+ to d ) h[ ?is is to be done2 our bus9ess is to take away ! /one :i* has cov]$ up ! dead body ( our bro!r1 to expose ! putrid c>cass1 to %[ h[ t body has be5 b\nd ) ! grave-clo!s ( hea!n ignorance1 & 8 face ) ! napk9 ( prejudice1 & hav+ done all x 0 our duty to d1 to /& by ! negro's grave1 9 humble fai? & holy hope1 wait+ to he> ! life-giv+ comm& ( ,laz>us1 come =?4 ,?is is j :at ,anti-,slav]y ,societies are do+2 !y are tak+ away ! /one f ! m\? ( ! tomb ( slav]y1 :]e lies ! putrid c>cass ( our bro!r4 ,!y want ! pure light ( heav5 to %9e into t d>k & gloomy cave2 !y want all m5 to see h[ t dead body has be5 b\nd1 h[ t face has be5 wrapp$ 9 ! napk9 ( prejudice2 & %all !y wait beside t grave 9 va98 ,is n ,jesus /ill ! resurrection & ! life8 ,did ,he come to proclaim lib]ty to ! captive1 & ! op5+ ( prison doors to !m t are b\nd1 9 va98 ,did ,he promise to give beauty = a%es1 ! oil ( joy = m\rn+1 & ! g>m5t ( praise = ! _s ( heav9ess unto !m t m\rn 9 ,zion1 & w ,he refuse to beautify ! m9d1 ano9t ! head1 & ?r[ ar\nd ! captive negro ! mantle ( praise = t _s ( heav9ess :i* has s long b[$ him d[n to ! gr\nd8 ,or %all we n r say ) ! prophet1 ! zeal ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s w p]=m ?is8 ,yes1 8 promises are sure1 & am5 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 t he w assemble h] t halte?1 & ga!r h] t is driv5 out1 & h] t is afflict$4 ,b ,i w n[ say a few words on ! subject ( ,abolitionism4 ,d\btless y h all he>d ,anti-,slav]y ,societies d5\nc$ z insurrection>y & mis*iev\s1 fanatical & dang]\s4 ,x has be5 said !y publi% ! mo/ abom9able untru?s1 & t !y are endeavor+ to excite rebellions at ! ,s\?4 ,h y believ$ ^! reports1 my fri5ds8 h y also be5 deceiv$ by ^! false ass]tions8 ,li/5 to me1 !n1 :il/ ,i endeavor to wipe f ! fair "* ( ,abolitionism su* unf\nd$ accusations4 ,y "k t ,i am a ,s\!rn]3 y\r "k t my de>e/ relatives are n[ 9 a slave ,/ate4 ,c y = a mom5t believe ,i w\ld prove s recreant to ! feel+s ( a daught] & a si/]1 z to jo9 a society :i* seek+ to ov]?r[ slav]y by falsehood1 blood%$ & murd]8 ,i appeal to y :o h kn[n & lov$ me 9 days t are pass$1 c y believe x8 ,no6 my fri5ds4 ,z a ,c>ol9ian1 ,i 0 peculi>ly jeal\s ( any movem5ts on ?is subject2 & be=e ,i w\ld jo9 an ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ,i took ! precaution ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) "s ( ! lead+ ,abolitioni/s1 ( read+ _! publications & att5d+ _! meet+s1 at :i* ,i he>d addresses bo? f color$ & :ite m52 & x 0 n until ,i 0 fully conv9c$ t _! pr9ciples 7 entirely pacific1 & _! ef=ts only moral1 t ,i gave my "n z a memb] to ! ,female ,anti-,slav]y ,society ( ,philadelphia4 ,s9ce t "t1 ,i h regul>ly tak5 ! ,lib]ator1 & read _m ,anti-,slav]y pamphlets & pap]s & books1 & c assure y ,i nev] h se5 a s+le insurrection>y p>agraph1 & nev] read any acc\nt ( cruelty :i* ,i c\ld n believe4 ,s\!rn]s may d5y ! tru? ( ^! acc\nts1 b :y d !y n prove !m to be false4 ,_! viol5t expressions ( horror at su* acc\nts be+ believ$1 may deceive "s1 b !y _c deceive me1 = ,i liv$ too long 9 ! mid/ ( slav]y1 n to "k :at slav]y is4 ,su* decl>ations rem9d me ( an ass]tion made by a ,ca?olic prie/1 :o said t 8 ,*ur* _h nev] p]secut$ ,prote/ants = _! religion1 :5 x is well kn[n t ! pages ( hi/ory are black ) ! crimes ( ! ,inquisition4 ,oh6 if ! slaves ( ! ,s\? c\ld only write a book1 x w\ld vie1 ,i h no d\bt1 ) ! horrible details ( ,ca?olic cruelty4 ,:5 ,i speak ( ?is sy/em1 ,i speak t ,i d "k1 & ,i am n afraid to ass]t1 t ,anti-,slav]y publications h n ov]drawn ! mon/r\s features ( slav]y at all4 ,& _m a ,s\!rn] kn[s ?is z well z ,i d4 ,a lady 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a rem>k$ to a fri5d ( m9e1 ab\t eighte5 mon?s s9ce1 ,nor!rn]s "k no?+ at all ab\t slav]y2 !y ?9k x is p]petual bondage only2 b ( ! dep? ( degradation t ^w involves1 !y h no conception2 if !y _h1 !y w\ld nev] cease _! ef=ts until s horrible a sy/em 0 ov]?r[n4 ,%e did n1 "k h[ fai?fully "s ,nor!rn m5 & ,nor!rn wom5 _h /udi$ ?is subject2 h[ dilig5tly !y _h se>*$ out ! cause ( him :o _h none to help him1 & h[ fe>lessly !y _h told ! /ory ( ! negro's wrongs4 ,yes1 ,nor!rn]s "k e ?+ ab\t slav]y n[4 ,?is mon/] ( iniquity has be5 unveil$ to ! _w1 8 frightful features unmask$1 & soon1 v soon1 w he be reg>d$ ) no m complac5cy by ! ,am]ican republic ?an is ! idol ( ,jugg]naut1 roll+ its bloody :eels ov] ! cru%$ bodies ( its pro/rate victims4 ,b y w probably ask1 if ,anti-,slav]y societies are n insurrection>y1 :y d ,nor!rn]s tell u !y are6 ,:y1 ,i w\ld ask y 9 return1 did ,nor!rn s5ators & ,nor!rn repres5tatives give _! votes1 at ! la/ sitt+ ( congress1 to ! admission ( ,arkansas ,t]ritory z a slave /ate8 ,take ^? m51 "o by "o1 & ask !m 9 _! p>l\rs1 d y approve ( slav]y8 ask !m on ,nor!rn gr\nd1 :]e !y w speak ! tru?1 & ,i d\bt n e man ( !m w tell y1 no6 ,:y !n1 ,i ask1 did !y give _! votes to enl>ge ! m\? ( t grave :i* has already de/roy$ its t5s ( ?\s&s6 ,all our enemies tell u !y are z mu* anti slav]y z we are4 ,yes1 my fri5ds1 ?\s&s :o are help+ y to b9d ! fett]s ( slav]y on ! negro1 despise y 9 _! he>ts = do+ x2 !y rejoice t su* an in/itution has n be5 entail$ ^u !m4 ,:y !n1 ,i w\ld ask1 d !y l5d y _! help8 ,i w tell y1 !y love ! praise ( m5 m ?an ! praise ( ,god4 ,! ,abolition cause has n yet become s popul> z to induce !m to believe1 t by advocat+ x 9 congress1 !y %all sit /ill m securely 9 _! seats !re1 & l ! *ief rul]s 9 ! days ( our ,savi\r1 ?\gh _m believ$ on him1 yet !y did n confess him1 le/ !y %\ld be put out ( ! synagogue2 ,john xii1 #db1 #dc4 ,or p]haps l ,pilate1 ?9k+ !y c\ld prevail no?+1 & fe>+ a tumult1 !y det]m9$ to release ,b>abbas & surr5d] ! j man1 ! poor innoc5t slave to be /ripp$ ( 8 rights & sc\rg$4 ,9 va9 w su* m5 try to wa% _! h&s1 & say1 ) ! ,roman gov]nor1 ,i am innoc5t ( ! blood ( ?is j p]son4 ,nor!rn ,am]ican /atesm5 are no m innoc5t ( ! crime ( slav]y1 ?an ,pilate 0 ( ! murd] ( ,jesus1 or ,saul ( t ( ,/eph54 ,^! are high *>ges1 b ,i appeal to _! he>ts2 ,i appeal to public op9ion t5 ye>s f n[4 ,slav]y !n is a national s94 ,b y w say1 a great _m o!r ,nor!rn]s tell u s1 :o c h no political motives4 ,! int]e/s ( ! ,nor?1 y mu/ "k1 my fri5ds1 are v closely comb9$ ) ^? ( ! ,s\?4 ,! ,nor!rn m]*ants & manufactur]s are mak+ _! =tunes out ( ! produce ( slave labor2 ! groc] is sell+ y\r rice & sug>2 h[ !n c ^! m5 be> a te/imony aga9/ slav]y )\t condemn+ !mselves8 ,b !re is ano!r reason1 ! ,nor? is mo/ dreadfully afraid ( ,amalgamation4 ,%e is al>m$ at ! v idea ( a ?+ s mon/r\s1 z %e ?9ks4 ,& le/ ?is consequ5ce might fl[ f emancipation1 %e is det]m9$ to resi/ all ef=ts at emancipation )\t expatriation4 ,x is n because %e approves ( slav]y1 or believes x to be ! corn] /one ( our republic1 = %e is z mu* anti-slav]y z we are2 b amalgamation is too horrible to ?9k (4 ,n[ ,i w\ld ask y1 is x "r1 is x g5]\s1 to refuse ! color$ p 9 ?is c\ntry ! advantages ( education & ! privilege1 or r ! "r1 to foll[ hone/ trades & call+s m]ely because !y are color$8 ,! same prejudice exi/s "h aga9/ our color$ bre?r5 t exi/$ aga9/ ! ,g5tiles 9 ,judea4 ,great numb]s _c be> ! idea ( equality1 & fe>+ le/1 if !y _h ! same advantages we enjoy1 !y w\ld become z intellig5t1 z moral1 z religi\s1 & z respectable & weal?y1 !y are det]m9$ to keep !m z l[ z !y possibly c4 ,is ?is do+ z !y w\ld be done by8 ,is ?is lov+ _! neighbor z !mselves8 ,oh6 t su* oppos]s ( ,abolitionism w\ld put _! s\ls 9 ! /ead ( ! free color$ man's & obey ! apo/olic injunction1 to rememb] !m t are 9 bonds z b\nd ) !m4 ,i w leave y to judge :e!r ! fe> ( amalgamation ought to induce m5 to oppose anti-slav]y ef=ts1 :5 !y believe slav]y to be s9ful4 ,prejudice aga9/ color1 is ! mo/ p[]ful enemy we h to fight ) at ! ,nor?4 ,y ne$ n be surpris$1 !n1 at all1 at :at is said aga9/ ,abolitioni/s by ! ,nor?1 = !y are wield+ a two-edg$ sword1 :i* ev5 "h1 cuts ?r\gh ! cords ( ca/e1 on ! "o side1 & ! bonds ( int]e/ on ! o!r4 ,!y are only %>+ ! fate ( o!r re=m]s1 abus$ & revil$ :il/ !y are 9 ! m9ority2 b !y are nei!r angry nor disc\rag$ by ! invective :i* has be5 heap$ ^u !m by slavehold]s at ! ,s\? & _! apologi/s at ! ,nor?4 ,!y "k t :5 ,george ,fox & ,william ,edmundson 7 labor+ 9 behalf ( ! negroes 9 ! ,we/ ,indies 9 #afga t ! v same sl&]s 7 propogat$ aga9/ !m1 :i* are n[ circulat$ aga9/ ,abolitioni/s4 ,al?\gh x 0 well kn[n t ,fox 0 ! f\nd] ( a religi\s sect :i* repudiat$ all w>1 & all viol5ce1 yet ev5 he 0 accus$ ( endeavor+ to excite ! slaves to insurrection & ( tea*+ ! negroes to cut _! ma/]'s ?roats4 ,& ^! two m5 :o _h _! feet %od ) ! prep>ation ( ! ,gospel ( ,peace1 7 actually compell$ to draw up a =mal decl>ation t !y 7 n try+ to raise a rebellion 9 ,b>badoes4 ,x is also wor?y ( rem>k t ^! ,re=m]s did n at ?is "t see ! necessity ( emancipation "u sev5 ye>s1 & _! pr9cipal ef=ts 7 ex]t$ to p]suade ! plant]s ( ! necessity ( in/ruct+ _! slaves2 b ! slavehold] saw !n1 j :at ! slavehold] sees n[1 t an enlight5$ population nev] c be a slave population1 & !re=e !y pass$ a law t negroes %\ld n ev5 att5d ! meet+s ( ,fri5ds4 ,abolitioni/s "k t ! life ( ,cl>kson 0 s\ght by slavetrad]s1 & t ev5 ,wilb]=ce 0 d5\nc$ on ! floor ( ,p>liam5t z a fanatic & a hypocrite by ! pres5t ,k+ ( ,engl&1 ! v man :o1 9 #ahcd set 8 seal to t in/rum5t :i* bur/ ! fett]s ( eight hundr$ ?\s& slaves 9 8 ,we/ ,india colonies4 ,!y "k t ! fir/ ,quak] :o bore a fai?ful te/imony aga9/ ! s9 ( slav]y 0 cut (f f religi\s fell[%ip ) t society4 ,t ,quak] 0 a woman4 ,on h] dea?b$ %e s5t = ! committee :o dealt ) h]--%e told !m1 ! ne> approa* ( dea? _h n alt]$ h] s5tim5ts on ! subject ( slav]y & wav+ h] h& t[>ds a v f]tile & beautiful portion ( c\ntry :i* lay /ret*$ be=e h] w9d[1 %e said ) great solemnity1 ,fri5ds1 ! "t w come :5 !re w n be fri5ds en\gh 9 all ?is di/rict to hold "o meet+ = wor%ip1 & ?is g>d5 w be turn$ into a wild]ness4 ,! ag$ fri5d1 :o ) te>s 9 8 eyes1 relat$ ?is int]e/+ circum/ance to me1 rem>k$1 t at t "t !re 7 sev5 meet+s ( fri5ds 9 t "p ( ,virg9ia1 b t :5 he 0 !re t5 ye>s ago1 n a s+le meet+ 0 held1 & ! c\ntry 0 lit]ally a desolation4 ,soon aft] h] decease1 ,john ,woolman began 8 labors 9 our society1 & in/ead ( dis[n+ a memb] = te/ify+ aga9/ slav]y1 !y h = sixty-two ye>s positively =bidd5 _! memb]s to hold slaves4 ,abolitioni/s und]/& ! slavehold+ _s too well to be surpris$ at any ?+ t has yet happ5$ at ! ,s\? or ! ,nor?2 !y "k t ! great] ! s9 is1 :i* is expos$1 ! m viol5t w be ! ef=ts to black5 ! "* & impugn ! motives ( ^? :o are engag$ 9 br++ to light ! hidd5 ?+s ( d>kness4 ,!y und]/& ! "w ( ,re=m too well to be driv5 back by ! furi\s waves ( opposition1 :i* are only foam+ out _! own %ame4 ,!y h /ood ! _w's dread laugh1 :5 only twelve m5 =m$ ! fir/ ,anti-,slav]y ,society 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahca4 ,!y h fac$ & refut$ ! calumnies ( _! enemies1 & prov$ !mselves to be emphatically peace m5 by nev] resi/+ ! viol5ce ( mobs1 ev5 :5 driv5 by !m f ! temple ( ,god1 & dragg$ by an infuriat$ cr[d ?r\gh ! /reets ( ! emporium ( ,new-,engl&1 or subject$ by slavehold]s to ! pa9 ( corporal puni%m5t4 ,none ( ^! ?+s move !m2 &1 by ! grace ( ,god1 !y are det]m9$ to p]sev]e 9 ?is "w ( fai? & labor ( love3 !y mean to pray1 & prea*1 & write1 & pr9t1 until slav]y is completely ov]?r[n1 until ,babylon is tak5 up & ca/ into ! sea1 to be f\nd no m at all4 ,!y mean to petition ,congress ye> aft] ye>1 until ! seat ( our gov]nm5t is cleans$ f ! s9ful traffic ( slaves & ! s\ls ( m54 ,al?\gh t augu/ assembly may be l ! unju/ judge :o fe>$ n ,god nei!r reg>d$ man1 yet x mu/ yield j z he did1 f ! p[] ( importunity4 ,l ! unju/ judge1 ,congress mu/ r$ress ! wrongs ( ! wid[1 le/ by ! cont9ual com+ up ( petitions1 x be we>i$4 ,?is w be /rik+ ! dagg] into ! v he>t ( ! mon/]1 & once ?is done1 he mu/ soon expire4 ,abolitioni/s h be5 accus$ ( abus+ _! ,s\!rn bre?r54 ,did ! prophet ,isaiah abuse ! ,jews :5 he address$ to !m ! cutt+ repro( conta9$ 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8 prophecies1 & end$ by tell+ !m1 !y w\ld be a%am$ ( ! oaks !y _h desir$1 & conf\nd$ = ! g>d5 !y _h *os58 ,did ,john ! ,bapti/ abuse ! ,jews :5 he call$ !m a g5]ation ( vip]s1 & w>n$ !m to br+ =? fruits meet = rep5tance6 ,did ,pet] abuse ! ,jews :5 he told !m !y 7 ! murd]]s ( ! ,"l ( ,glory8 ,did ,paul abuse ! ,roman ,gov]nor :5 he reason$ be=e him ( righte\sness1 temp]ance1 & judgm5t1 s z to s5d conviction home to 8 guilty he>t1 & cause him to tremble 9 view ( ! crimes he 0 liv+ 98 ,surely n4 ,no man w n[ accuse ! prophets & apo/les ( abuse1 b :at h ,abolitioni/s done m ?an !y8 ,no d\bt ! ,jews ?\ght ! prophets & apo/les 9 _! day1 j z h>% & un*>itable z slavehold]s n[1 ?9k ,abolitioni/s2 if !y did n1 :y did !y beat1 & /one1 & kill !m8 ,great fault has be5 f\nd ) ! pr9ts :i* h be5 employ$ to expose slav]y at ! ,nor?1 b my fri5ds1 h[ c\ld ?is be done s effectively 9 any o!r way8 ,until ! pictures ( ! slave's suff]+s 7 drawn & held up to public gaze1 no ,nor!rn] _h any idea ( ! cruelty ( ! sy/em1 x nev] ent]$ _! m9ds t su* abom9ations c\ld exi/ 9 ,*ri/ian1 ,republican ,am]ica2 !y nev] suspect$ t _m ( ! g5tlem5 & ladies :o came f ! ,s\? to sp5d ! summ] mon?s 9 travel+ among !m1 7 petty tyrants at home4 ,& ^? :o _h liv$ at ! ,s\?1 & came to reside at ! ,nor?1 7 too a%am$ ( slav]y ev5 to speak ( x2 ! language ( _! he>ts 01 tell x n 9 ,ga?1 publi% x n 9 ! /reets ( ,askelon2 !y saw no use 9 uncov]+ ! loa?some body to popul> sight1 & 9 hopeless despair1 wept 9 secret places ov] ! s9s ( oppression4 ,to su* hidd5 m\rn]s ! =mation ( ,anti-,slav]y ,societies 0 z life f ! dead1 ! fir/ beams ( hope :i* gleam$ ?r\gh ! d>k cl\ds ( despond5cy & grief4 ,pr9ts 7 made use ( to effect ! abolition ( ! ,inquisition 9 ,spa91 & ,cl>kson employ$ !m :5 he 0 labor+ to break up ! ,slave trade1 & ,engli% ,abolitioni/s us$ !m j z we are n[ do+4 ,!y are p[]ful appeals & h inv>iably done ! "w !y 7 design$ to d1 & we _c cons5t to ab&on ! use ( ^! until ! realities no long] exi/4 ,) reg>d to ^? :ite m51 :o1 x 0 said1 did try to raise an insurrection 9 ,mississippi a ye> ago1 & :o 7 /at$ to be ,abolitioni/s1 none ( !m 7 prov$ to be memb]s ( ,anti-,slav]y ,societies1 & x mu/ rema9 a matt] ( great d\bt :e!r1 ev5 !y 7 guilty ( ! crimes all$g$ aga9/ !m1 because :5 any community is ?r[n into su* a panic z to inflict ,lyn* law ^u accus$ p]sons1 !y _c be suppos$ to be capable ( judg+ ) calmness & imp>tiality4 ,we "k t ! pap]s ( :i* ! ,*>le/on mail 0 robb$1 7 n insurrection>y1 & t !y 7 n s5t to ! color$ p z 0 report$4 ,we "k t ,amos ,dress] 0 no insurrectioni/ ?\gh he 0 accus$ ( be+ s1 & on ?is false accusation 0 publicly :ipp$ 9 ,na%ville 9 ! mid/ ( a cr[d ( infuriat$ slavehold]s4 ,0 t "y man disgrac$ by ?is infliction ( corporal puni%m5t8 ,no m ?an 0 ! great apo/le ( ! ,g5tile2 :o five times receiv$ =ty /ripes1 save "o4 ,l him1 he might h said1 h5ce=? ,i be> 9 my body ! m>ks ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 = x 0 = ! tru?'s sake1 he suff]$1 z mu* z did ! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,are ,nelson1 & ,g>rett1 & ,williams1 & o!r ,abolitioni/s :o h rec5tly be5 bani%$ f ,miss\ri1 insurrectioni/s8 ,we "k !y are n1 :atev] slavehold]s may *oose to call !m4 ,! _s :i* n[ asp]ses ! "* ( ! ,abolitioni/s1 is ! v same :i* dress$ up ! ,*ri/ians ( ,spa9 9 ! sk9s ( wild bea/s & pictures ( devils :5 !y 7 l$ to execution z h]etics4 ,be=e we condemn individuals1 x is necess>y1 ev5 9 a wick$ community1 to accuse !m ( "s crime2 h5ce1 :5 ,jezebel wi%$ to compass ! dea? ( ,nabo?1 m5 ( ,belial 7 suborn$ to be> false witness aga9/ him1 & s x 0 ) ,/eph51 & s x ev] has be51 & ev] w be1 z long z !re is any virtue to suff] on ! rack1 or ! gall[s4 ,false witnesses mu/ appe> aga9/ ,abolitioni/s be=e !y c be condemn$4 ,i w n[ say a few words on ,george ,?ompson's mission to ?is c\ntry4 ,?is ,philan?ropi/ 0 accus$ ( be+ a =eign emiss>y4 ,7 ,lafayette1 & ,/eub51 & ,de ,kalb1 & ,pulawski1 =eign emiss>ies :5 !y came ov] to ,am]ica to fight aga9/ ! tories1 :o pref]r$ submitt+ to :at 0 t]m$1 ! yoke ( s]vitude1 r ?an bur/+ ! fett]s :i* b\nd !m to ! "m c\ntry8 ,!y came ) c>nal weapons to engage 9 bloody conflict aga9/ ,am]ican citiz5s1 & yet1 :]e d _! names /& on ! page ( ,hi/ory4 ,among ! honorable1 or ! base8 ,?ompson came "h to w> aga9/ ! giant s9 ( slav]y1 n ) ! sword & ! pi/ol1 b ) ! smoo? /ones ( oratory tak5 f ! pure wat]s ( ! riv] ( ,tru?4 ,8 spl5did tal5ts & comm&+ eloqu5ce r5d]$ him a p[]ful coadjutor 9 ! ,anti-,slav]y cause1 & 9 ord] to neutralize ! effects ( ^! ^u 8 auditors1 & rob ! poor slave ( ! b5efits ( 8 labors1 8 "* 0 defam$1 8 life 0 s\ght1 & he at la/ driv5 f our ,republic1 z a fugitive4 ,b 0 ,?ompson disgrac$ by all ?is mean & contemptible & wick$ *ican]y & malice8 ,no m ?an 0 ,paul1 :5 9 consequ5ce ( a vision he _h se5 at ,treas1 he w5t ov] ! ,mac$onia to help ! ,*ri/ians !re1 & 0 beat5 & imprison$1 because he ca/ out a _s ( div9ation f a "y damsel :i* _h br\ght mu* ga9 to h] ma/]s4 ,paul 0 z mu* a =eign emiss>y 9 ! ,roman colony ( ,philippi1 z ,george ,?ompson 0 9 ,am]ica1 & x 0 because he 0 a ,jew1 & taught cu/oms x 0 n lawful = !m to receive or obs]ve be+ ,romans1 t ! ,apo/le 0 ?us treat$4 ,x 0 said1 ,?ompson 0 a felon1 :o _h fl$ to ?is c\ntry to escape transportation to ,new ,holl&4 ,look at him n[ p\r+ ! ?und]+ /ra9s ( 8 eloqu5ce1 ^u cr[d$ audi5ces 9 ,great ,brita91 & see 9 ?is a triumphant v9dication ( 8 "*4 ,& h ! slavehold]1 & 8 obsequi\s apologi/1 ga9$ any?+ by all _! viol5ce & falsehood8 ,no6 = ! /one :i* /ruck ,golia? ( ,ga?1 _h already be5 ?r[n f ! sl+4 ,! giant ( slav]y :o _h s pr\dly defi$ ! armies ( ! liv+ ,god1 _h receiv$ 8 dea?-bl[ be=e he left our %ores4 ,b :at is ,george ,?ompson do+ !re8 ,is he n n[ labor+ !re1 z effectually to aboli% ,am]ican slav]y z ?\gh he trod our own soil1 & lectur$ to ,new ,york or ,bo/on assemblies8 ,:at is he do+ !re1 b con/ruct+ a /up5d\s dam1 :i* w turn ! ov]:elm+ tide ( public op9ion ov] ! :eels ( t ma*9]y :i* ,abolitioni/s are work+ "h4 ,he is n[ lectur+ to ,britons on ,am]ican ,slav]y1 to ! subjects ( a ,k+1 on ! abject condition ( ! slaves ( a ,republic4 ,he is tell+ !m ( t mighty ,conf$]acy ( petty tyrants :i* ext5ds ov] ?irte5 ,/ates ( our ,union4 ,he is tell+ !m ( ! munific5t rew>ds (f]$ by slavehold]s1 = ! heads ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ advocates = fre$om 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he is mov+ ! ,briti% ,*ur*es to s5d out to ! *ur*es ( ,am]ica ! mo/ solemn appeals1 reprov+1 rebuk+1 & exhort+1 !m ) all long suff]+ & pati5ce to ab&on ! s9 ( slav]y imm$iately4 ,:]e !n ,i ask1 w ! "n ( ,george ,?ompson /& on ! page ( ,hi/ory8 ,among ! honorable1 or ! base8 ,:at c ,i say m1 my fri5ds1 to induce y to set y\r h&s1 & heads1 & he>ts1 to ! great "w ( ju/ice & m]cy4 ,p]haps y h fe>$ ! consequ5ces ( imm$iate emancipation1 & be5 fright5$ by all ^? dreadful prophecies ( rebellion1 blood%$ & murd]1 :i* h be5 utt]$4 ,let no man deceive y2 !y are ! pr$ictions ( t same ly+ _s :i* spoke ?r\gh ! f\r hundr$ prophets ( old1 to ,ahab k+ ( ,israel1 urg+ him on to de/ruction4 ,slav]y may produce ^! horrible sc5es if x is cont9u$ five ye>s long]1 b ,emancipation nev] w4 ,i c prove ! safety ( imm$iate ,emancipation by hi/ory4 ,9 ,/4 ,dom+o 9 #agic six hundr$ ?\s& slaves 7 set free 9 a :ite population ( =ty-two ?\s&4 ,t ,isl& m>*$ z by en*antm5t t[>ds its anci5t spl5dor1 cultivation prosp]$1 e day produc$ p]ceptible pro(s ( its progress1 & ! negroes all cont9u$ quietly to "w on ! diff]5t plantations1 until 9 #ahjb1 ,france det]m9$ to r$uce ^! lib]at$ slaves aga9 to bondage4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t all ^? dreadful sc5es ( cruelty occurr$1 :i* we s (t5 unju/ly he> spok5 (1 z ! effects ( ,abolition4 ,!y 7 occasion$ n by ,emancipation1 b by ! base attempt to fa/5 ! *a9s ( slav]y on ! limbs ( lib]at$ slaves4 ,9 ,guadal\pe eighty-five ?\s& slaves 7 fre$ 9 a :ite population ( ?irte5 ?\s&4 ,! same prosp]\s effects foll[$ manumission "h1 t _h att5d$ x 9 ,hayti1 e ?+ 0 quiet until ,buonap>te s5t out a fleet to r$uce ^! negroes aga9 to slav]y1 & 9 #ahjb ?is in/itution 0 re-e/abli%$ 9 t ,isl&4 ,9 #ahcd1 :5 ,great ,brita9 det]m9$ to lib]ate ! slaves 9 h] ,we/ ,india colonies1 & propos$ ! appr5tice%ip sy/em2 ! plant]s ( ,b]muda & ,antigua1 aft] hav+ jo9$ ! o!r plant]s 9 _! repres5tations ( ! bloody consequ5ces ( ,emancipation1 9 ord] if possible to hold back ! h& :i* 0 (f]+ ! boon ( fre$om to ! poor negro2 z soon z !y f\nd su* falsehoods 7 utt]ly disreg>d$1 & ,abolition mu/ take place1 came =w>d volunt>ily1 & ask$ = ! comp5sation :i* 0 due to !m1 say+1 !y pref]r$ imm$iate emancipation1 & 7 n afraid ( any insurrection4 ,& h[ is x ) ^! isl&s n[8 ,!y are decid$ly m prosp]\s ?an any ( ^? on :i* ! appr5tice%ip sy/em 0 adopt$1 & ,engl& is n[ try+ to aboli% t sy/em1 s fully conv9c$ is %e t imm$iate ,emancipation is ! safe/ & ! be/ plan4 ,& :y n try x 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 if x nev] has occasion$ rebellion2 if n a drop ( blood has ev] be5 %$ 9 consequ5ce ( x1 ?\gh x has be5 s (t5 tri$1 :y %\ld we suppose x w\ld produce su* disa/r\s consequ5ces n[8 ,be n deceiv$ !n1 ,god is n mock$1 by su* false excuses = n do+ ju/ly & lov+ m]cy4 ,!re is no?+ to fe> f imm$iate ,emancipation1 b e ?+ f ! cont9uance ( slav]y4 ,si/]s 9 ,*ri/1 ,i h done4 ,z a ,s\!rn]1 ,i h felt x 0 my duty to address y4 ,i h endeav\r$ to set be=e y ! exce$+ s9fulness ( slav]y1 & to po9t y to ! example ( ^? noble wom5 :o h be5 rais$ up 9 ! *ur* to effect great revolutions1 & to suff] = ! tru?'s sake4 ,i h appeal$ to y\r sympa?ies z wom51 to y\r s5se ( duty z ,*ri/ian wom54 ,i h attempt$ to v9dicate ! ,abolitioni/s1 to prove ! entire safety ( imm$iate ,emancipation1 & to plead ! cause ( ! poor & oppress$4 ,i h done--,i h s[$ ! se$s ( tru?1 b ,i well "k1 t ev5 if an ,apollos 7 to foll[ 9 my /eps to wat] !m1 ,god only c give ! increase4 ,to ,him !n :o is able to prosp] ! "w ( 8 s]vant's h&1 ,i comm5d ?is ,appeal 9 f]v5t pray]1 t z he ha? *os5 ! weak ?+s ( ! _w1 to conf\nd ! ?+s :i* are mighty1 s ,he may guise ,8 bless+1 to desc5d & c>ry conviction to ! he>ts ( _m ,lydias ?r\gh ^! speak+ pages4 ,f>ewell--,c\nt me n y\r enemy because ,i h told y ! tru?1 b believe me 9 unfeign$ affection1 ,y\r sympa?iz+ ,fri5d1 ,,angel9a ,e4 ,,grimk4 ,%rewsbury1 ,n4,j41 #ahcf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,price #f #a-d c5ts s+le1 #fb #a-b c5ts p] doz51 #d p] hundr$4 ,no4 #c4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lett] ,,( ,,g]rit ,,smi? ,,to ,,rev4 ,,james ,,smylie1 ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,mississippi4 #ahcg4 ,,lett]1 ,,etc4 ,,pet]boro'1 ,octob] #bh1 #ahcf4 ,rev4 ,,james ,,smylie1 ,late ,/at$ ,cl]k ( ! ,presbyt]y ( ,mississippi3 ,,sir1--,accept my ?anks = y\r polit5ess 9 s5d+ me a copy ( y\r book on slav]y4 ,?is book proves1 t ! (t5 repeat$ ass]tion1 t ! :ole ,s\? is oppos$ to ! discussion ( ! "q ( slav]y1 is n true3--& s f>1 ,i rejoice 9 its appe>ance4 ,i presume--,i "k1 inde$1 t y are n ! only man 9 ! ,s\?1 :o is 9 favor ( ?is discussion4 ,!re are1 d\btless1 _m p]sons 9 ! ,s\?1 :o believe1 t all attempts to suppress x1 are va91 z well z wick$4 ,besides1 y virtually admit1 t ! ,s\? is compell$ to discuss ! "q ( slav]y2 or1 at lea/1 to give h] own views ( x1 9 ord] to prev5t ! consci5ce ( ,s\!rn ,*ri/ians--t consci5ce1 :i* does make c[>ds ( u all--f turn+ traitor to ! cause ( slav]y4 ,i rejoice1 too1 t y accompani$ ! copy s5t to me1 ) ! reque/1 t ,i %\ld review x1 & make c&id rem>ks ^u x2 &1 t y h ?us put x 9 my p[] to s5d to ! ,s\? "s ( my views on slav]y1 )\t lay+ myself op5 to ! *>ge ( be+ disc\rte\s & obtrusive4 ,y und]take to %[ t slav]y exi/$1 &1 ) ! ,div9e approbation1 among/ ! ,old ,te/am5t ,jews2 & t x also exi/$1 :il/ our ,savi\r & 8 ,apo/les 7 on ! e>?1 & 0 approv$ by !m4 ,y !nce argue1 t x is n only an innoc5t in/itution1 b "o :i* x is a religi\s duty to ma9ta94 ,i admit1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t !re 0 a s]vitude 9 ! patri>*al families :i* 0 approv$ by ,god4 ,b :at does ?is avail 9 y\r def5ce ( slav]y1 unless y %[1 t t s]vitude & slav]y are ess5tially alike8 ,! lit]al t]ms ( ! relation ( ma/] & s]vant1 "u t s]vitude1 are n made kn[n to u2 b we c1 nev]!less1 confid5tly inf] _! _s f facts1 :i* illu/rate _! practical "*2 &1 if ?is "* be f\nd to be opposite to t ( slav]y1 !n x is manife/1 t :at y say ( patri>*al s]vitude is imp]t95t1 & t5ds to mislead1 r ?an enlight5 y\r read]s4 ,to a few ( ^! facts & a few ( ! consid]ations aris+ f !m1 ,i n[ call y\r att5tion4 #a/4 ,read ! fir/ eight v]ses ( ! eighte5? *apt] ( ,g5esis1 & tell me1 if y ev] saw ,gov4 ,mc,duffie or any o!r ,s\!rn patri>* 7= ! gov]nor desires to h all slavehold]s look$ ^u 9 ! "* ( patri>*s7 putt+ himself on a level ) 8 s]vants1 & work+ ) 8 h&s1 aft] ! mann] ( ,abraham & ,s>ah8 #b;d4 ,!re 0 su* a community ( int]e/--s mu* ( mutual confid5ce--betwe5 ,abraham & 8 s]vants1 t !y f\ght 8 battles4 ,inde$1 ! t]ms ( ?is patri>*al s]vitude 7 su*1 t 9 ! ev5t ( ! ma/]'s dy+ )\t issue1 "o ( 8 s]vants inh]it$ 8 prop]ty 7,g54 #ae3 #c74 ,b1 accord+ to ! code ( ,s\!rn slav]y1 ! slave c no m own prop]ty1 ?an he c own himself4 ,all t a slave possesses belongs to 8 ma/]--,slaves are incapable ( inh]it+ or transmitt+ prop]ty4 ,^!1 & _m simil> phrases1 are f\nd 9 t code4 ,sev]e z 0 ! sy/em ( ,roman slav]y1 yet 9 ?is respect1 x 0 f> mild] ?an y\rs2 = its subjects c\ld acquire prop]ty 7_! peculium72 & frequ5tly did !y pur*ase _! lib]ty ) x4 ,s f> f ,s\!rn slaves be+1 z ,abraham's s]vants 71 a dep5d5ce 9 w>1 x is hi/orically true1 t !y are accu/om$ to improve ?is occasion to effect _! escape1 & /r5g!n ! h&s ( ! enemy4 ,z a fur!r pro( t ,s\!rn slav]y begets none ( t confid5ce betwe5 ma/] & slave1 :i* *>act]iz$ ! mutual int]c\rse ( ,abraham & 8 s]vants--! slave is prohibit$1 "u sev]e p5alties1 f hav+ any weapons 9 8 possession1 ev5 9 "t ( peace2 & ! nightly patrol1 :i* ! t]ror-/rick5 :ites ( ,s\!rn t[ns keep up1 9 peace1 z well z 9 w>1 argues any ?+1 r ?an ! exi/5ce ( su* confid5ce4 ,= keep+ or c>ry+ a gun1 or p[d] or %ot1 or a club1 or o!r weapon :atsoev]1 (f5sive or def5sive1 a slave incurs1 says ,s\!rn /atute book1 = ea* (f5ce1 ?irty-n9e la%es4 #c;d4 ,:5 ,i read y\r quotation f ! tw5ty-f\r? *apt] ( ,g5esis1 made = ! purpose ( %[+ t ,god all[$ ,abraham to h slaves1 ,i c\ld n b wond] at y\r imprud5ce1 9 m$dl+ ) ?is *apt]1 :i* is ( itself1 en\gh to conv9ce any unbias$ m9d1 t ,abraham's s]vants held a relation to _! ma/] & to society1 totally diff]5t f t held by ,s\!rn slaves4 ,h y ev] kn[n a great man 9 y\r /ate s5d 8 slave into ano!r to *oose a wife = 8 son8--,& if s1 did ! lily :ite damsel he select$ call ! sable s]vant my "l8--,& did h] family sp>e no pa9s to manife/ respect = _! di/+ui%$ gue/1 & promote 8 com=t8 ,b ?is *apt]1 :i* y call to y\r aid1 in=ms u1 t ,abraham's s]vant 0 honor$ ) su* tok5s ( confid5ce & e/eem4 ,if a ,s\!rn slave %all ev] be employ$ 9 su* a mission1 he may c\nt himself highly favor$1 if he be n tak5 up by ! way1 imprison$1 & sold = 8 jail fees4 #d?4 ,did y ev] "k ,s\!rn slaves cont5d = _! rights ) _! ma/]s8 ,:5 a ,s\!rn ma/] reads ! ?irte5? v]se ( ! ?irty-fir/ *apt] ( ,job1 he mu/ ?9k t ,job 0 9 ! habit ( lett+ d[n 8 dignity v l[4 #e?4 ,d ,s\!rn ma/]s accord religi\s privileges & imp>t religi\s in/ruction equally to _! slaves & _! *ildr58 ,y\r laws1 :i* visit ) /ripes1 imprisonm5t1 & dea?1 ! attempt to tea* slaves to read ! ,bible1 %[ b too c]ta9ly1 t ! ,s\!rn ma/]1 :o %\ld und]take to place 8 *ildr5 & 8 h\sehold on ! same level1 9 respect to _! religi\s advantages1 z x is probable t ,abraham did 7,g54 #ah3ai71 w\ld soon f9d himself 9 ! mid/ ( enemies1 n to 8 reputation only1 b to 8 life also4 ,& n[1 sir1 admitt+ t ! phrase1 on :i* y lay s mu* /ress--b\ght ) 8 money--0 us$ 9 connexion ) a =m ( s]vitude :i* ,god approv$--,i put x to y\r c&or1 :e!r ?is phrase %\ld be all[$ to weigh at all aga9/ ! facts ,i h adduc$ & ! reason+s ,i h employ$ to %[ ! true nature ( t s]vitude1 & h[ totally unlike x is to slav]y8 ,are y n b\nd by ! pr9ciples ( s\nd reason+1 to atta* to x a mean+ f> %ort ( :at1 ,i grant1 is its natural import 9 ?is age1 &1 especially1 among/ a p :o1 l ourselves1 are accu/om$ to associate su* an expression ) slav]y8 ,c y d5y1 t y are b\nd to adopt su* a mean+ ( x1 z %all h>monize ) ! facts1 :i* illu/rate ! nature ( ! s]vitude 9 "q1 & ) ! laws & "* ( ,him1 ^: sanction y claim = t s]vitude8 ,an opposite c\rse w\ld give a pref]5ce to words ov] ?+s1 :i* common s5se c\ld n tol]ate4 ,_m in/ances might be cit$ to %[ ! absurdity ( ! assumption t :atev] is spok5 ( 9 ! ,scriptures z be+ b\ght1 is prop]ty4 ,boaz pur*as$ 8 wife4 ,hosea b\ght h] 78 wife7 = fifte5 pieces ( silv]4 ,jacob1 to use a common expression1 took 8 wages 9 wives4 ,joseph b\ght ! ,egyptians1 aft] !y _h said to him buy u4 ,b1 s f> f _! hav+ become ! prop]ty ( ,joseph or ( 8 k+1 x 0 a "p ( ! b>ga91 t !y 7 to h z mu* l& z !y want$--se$ to s[ x--& f\r-fif?s ( ! crops4 ,! possessors ( su* indep5d5ce & su* means ( weal? are n ! prop]ty ( _! fell[-m54 ,i ne$ say no m1 to prove t slav]y is entirely unlike ! s]vitude 9 ! patri>*al families4 ,i pass on1 n[1 to ! p]iod betwe5 ! promulgation ( ! ,div9e law by ,moses1 & ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,y argue f ! fif? & six? v]ses ( ! tw5ty-fir/ *apt] ( ,exodus1 t ,god au?oriz$ ! enslavem5t ( ! ,jews3 b1 on ! same page1 on :i* y d s1 y also %[ ! contr>y4 ,x may1 nev]!less1 be well = me to reque/ y to read & read aga9 ,leviticus #be3ci-db1 until y\r rema9+ d\bts1 on ?is po9t1 %all all be put to flight4 ,i am free to admit ! probability1 t "u "s ( ! =ms ( s]vitude1 9 :i* ,jews 7 held1 ! s]vant 0 subject$ to a control s ext5sive z to expose him to suff] great cruelties4 ,^! =ms correspond$ ) ! _s & usages ( ! age1 9 :i* !y exi/$2 entirely unsuit$1 z !y are1 to a p]iod & portion ( ! _w1 bless$ ) ! ref9+ & s(t5+ influ5ces ( civilization & ! gospel4 ,num]\s z 7 ! /atutory regulations = ! treatm5t ( ! s]vant1 !y c\ld n preclude ! l>ge discretion ( ! ma/]4 ,! appr5tice1 9 our c\ntry1 is subject$ to an au?ority1 equal+ a p>5t's au?ority1 b n always temp]$ 9 its ex]cise1 ) a p>5t's love4 ,8 condition is1 !re=e1 n unfrequ5tly m>k$ ) sev]ity & suff]+4 ,n[1 imag9e :at ?is condition w\ld be1 "u ! h>% features ( a m b>b>\s age1 & y w h 9 x1 z ,i conjecture1 no di/ant resemblance to t ( "s ( ! ,jewi% s]vants4 ,b h[ diff]5t is ?is condition f t ( ! slave6 ,i am rem9d$ 9 ?is connexion1 ( ! poli%$1 b p]nici\s1 article on slav]y 9 a late numb] ( ! ,biblical ,rep]tory4 ,9 t article ,pr(essor ,hodge says1 t ! claim ( ! slavehold] is f\nd to be no?+ m ?an a transf]able claim ( s]vice ei!r = life1 or = a t]m ( ye>s4 ,w he all[ me to ask him1 :]e he discov]$ t ! pret5sions ( ! slavehold] are all resolvable into ?is mode/ claim8 ,he c]ta9ly did n discov] x 9 any slave code2 nor 9 any practical slav]y4 ,:]e !n8 ,no :]e1 b 9 t undisclos$ sy/em ( s]vitude1 :i* is ! creation ( 8 own fancy4 ,to ?is sy/em ,i raise no objection :atev]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i am will+ to admit its beauty & its wor?9ess ( ! m9t 9 :i* x 0 co9$4 ,b ,i prote/ aga9/ 8 "r to be/[ ^u x ! "n ( ano!r & totally diff]5t ?+4 ,he mu/ n call x slav]y4 ,suppose a poor ,g]man to be s desir\s ( emigrat+ ) 8 family to ,am]ica1 z to agree to give 8 s]vices = t5 ye>s1 z a comp5sation = ! passage4 ,suppose fur!r1 t ! s]vices are to be r5d]$ to ! capta9 ( ! %ip 9 :i* !y sail1 or to any o!r p]son1 to :om he may assign 8 claim4 ,su* a b>ga9 is n uncommon4 ,n[1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,hodge1 ?is ,g]man may z rightly z any ( y\r ,s\!rn s]vants1 be call$ a slave4 ,he may z rightly be call$ prop]ty1 z !y may be1 :o1 9 ! language ( ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a laws1 %all be deem$1 held1 tak51 reput$1 & adjudg$ 9 law1 to be *attels p]sonal1 9 ! h&s ( _! own]s & possessors1 & _! executors1 adm9i/rators1 & assigns1 to all int5ts1 con/ructions1 & purposes :atsoev]4 ,we w glance at a few po9ts ( diff]5ce 9 _! condition4 #a/4 ,! ,g]man is capable ( mak+ a contract1 & 9 ! case suppos$1 does make a contract2 b y\r slave is incapable ( mak+ any contract4 #b;d4 ,! ,g]man receives wages2 ! price ( c>ry+ himself & family be+ ! /ipulat$ price = 8 s]vices1 dur+ ! t5 ye>s2 b y\r slave receives no wages4 #c;d4 ,! ,g]man1 l any o!r hirel+1 &1 l any appr5tice 9 our c\ntry1 is "u ! protection ( law4 ,b1 !re is no law to %ield ! slave f wrongs4 ,be+ a m]e *attel or ?+1 he has no rights2 &1 !re=e1 he c h no wrongs to be r$ress$4 ,does ,pr(essor ,hodge say1 t !re are /atutes limit+ & regulat+ ! p[] ( ! slavehold]8 ,i grant !re are2 ?\gh x mu/ be rememb]$1 t !re is "o way ( ev5 murd]+ a slave1 :i* "s ( ! slave ,/ates d n only n =bid1 b impli$ly & practically admit,a4 ,! ,pr(essor %\ld "k1 h[ev]1 t all ^! /atutes are1 practically1 a m]e nullity4 ,nev]!less1 !y %[ ! absolut5ess ( ! p[] :i* !y nom9ally qualify4 ,?is absolut5ess is z di/9ctly impli$ by !m1 z ! l 0 by ! law ( ! ,emp]or ,claudius1 :i* impos$ limitations ^u ! jus vitae et necis 7! "r ( life & dea?7 :i* ,roman slav]y put into ! h& ( ! ma/]4 ,b if ! ,pr(essor %\ld be s imprud5t z to cite u to ! slave code = evid5ce ( its m]ciful provisions1 he w1 9 s do+1 au?orize u to cite him to t code = evid5ce ( ! nature ( slav]y4 ,?is au?ority1 h[ev]1 he w\ld n l to give u2 = he is unwill+ to h slav]y judg$ ( by its own code4 ,he insi/s1 t x %all be judg$ ( by t ideal sy/em ( slav]y1 :i* is lodg$ 9 8 own bra91 & :i* he c br+ =? by p>cels1 to suit pres5t occasions1 z ,mahomet produc$ ! leaves ( ! ,koran4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! lic5s$ murd] ref]r$ to1 is t :]e ! slave dies "u mod]ate correction4 ,b is n ! murd] ( a slave by a :ite man1 9 any way1 practically lic5s$ 9 all ! slave ,/ates8 ,:o ev] he>d ( a :ite man's be+ put to dea?1 "u ,s\!rn laws1 = ! murd] ( a slave8 ,am]ican slav]y provides impunity = ! :ite murd]] ( ! slave1 by its all[+ none b :ites--none b ^? :o con/ruct & uphold ! sy/em ( abom9ations--to te/ify aga9/ ! murd]]4 ,b :y p>ticul>ize causes ( ?is impunity8 ,! :ole policy ( ! ,s\!rn slave sy/em goes to provide x4 ,h[ unreasonable is x to suppose1 t !y1 :o h conspir$ aga9/ a portion ( _! fell[-be+s1 & mutually pl$g$ !mselves to treat !m z m]e ?+s--h[ unreasonable1 ,i say1 is x to suppose1 t !y w\ld cons5t to put a man to dea?1 on acc\nt ( 8 treatm5t1 9 :atev] way1 ( a m]e ?+8 ,n long ago1 ,i 0 in=m$ by a highly respectable lawy] ( ! ,/ate ( ,georgia1 t he _h kn[n a numb] ( attempts 7attempts mo/ probably b 9 =m & "n7 to effect ! conviction ( :ites = _! und\bt$ murd] ( slaves4 ,b 9 e in/ance1 ! jurors p]jur$ !mselves1 r ?an cons5t t a man %\ld be put to dea?1 = ! lib]ty he _h tak5 9 dispos+ ( a ?+4 ,!y _h r p]jure !mselves1 ?an by av5g+ ! blood ( a slave ) t ( a man1 make a brea* ^u ! policy ( keep+ ! slave ignorant1 t he has ! nature1 & consequ5tly ! rights1 ( a man4 ,pr(essor ,hodge tells 8 read]s1 9 sub/ance1 t ! sell+ ( m51 z !y are sold "u ! sy/em ( slav]y1 is to be class$ ) ! cessions ( t]ritory1 occasionally made by "o sov]eign to ano!r2 & he w\ld h ! slave1 :o is sold f h& to h&1 & f ,/ate to ,/ate1 at ! exp5se to 8 ble$+ he>t1 ( ! disruption ( its de>e/ ties1 ?9k 8 lot no h>d] ?an t ( ! inhabitant ( ,l\isiana1 :o 0 pass$ )\t 8 w1 f ! jurisdiction ( ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t to t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:5 a good man l5ds himself to ! advocacy ( slav]y1 he mu/1 at lea/ = a "t1 feel himself to be any:]e b at home1 among/ 8 new ?\ghts1 doctr9es1 & modes ( reason+4 ,?is is v evid5t 9 ! case be=e u--especially1 :5 n[ & !n1 old habits ( ?\ght & feel+ break out1 9 spite ( e ef=t to repress !m1 & ! ,pr(essor is himself aga91 & disc\rses z manfully1 z fe>lessly1 & z eloqu5tly1 z he ev] _h done be=e ! slavehold]s got _! h&s ^u him4 ,x is n a little amus+ to notice1 t1 al?\gh ! burd5 ( 8 article is to %[ t slav]y is "o ( ,god's in/itutions1 7:at an und]tak+ = a ,pr(essor ( ,!ology 9 ! ye> #ahcf67 he s f> =gets ! int]e/s ( 8 new fri5ds & _! expectations f him1 z to admit on "o page1 t ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! gospel h de/roy$ dome/ic slav]y ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,*ri/5dom2 & on ano!r1 t ! ,s\? has to *oose betwe5 emancipation1 by ! sil5t & holy influ5ce ( ! gospel1 or to abide ! issue ( a long cont9u$ conflict aga9/ ! laws ( ,god4 ,:oev] he>d1 until ^! /range times on :i* we h fall51 ( any ?+1 :i*1 to use ! ,pr(essor's language ab\t slav]y1 x is 9 va91 to cont5d is s91 & yet pr(ess rev]5ce = ! ,scriptures1 be+ at w> ) & de/roy$ by ! pr9ciples ( ! gospel4 ,:at sad confusion ( ?\ght ! pro-slav]y influ5ces1 to :i* "s great div9es h yield$1 h wr\ght 9 !m6 ,i w proce$ to argue1 t ! in/itution 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates call$ slav]y1 is radically unlike any =m ( s]vitude "u :i* ,jews 7 held1 agreeably to ! ,div9e w2 & also radically unlike any =m ( s]vitude approv$ ( ,god 9 ! patri>*al families4 #a/4 ,god does n contradict ,himself4 ,he is )\t v>iabl5ess or %ad[ ( turn+4 ,he loves 8 ^w & has magnifi$ x above all 8 "n4 ,he comm&s 8 rational creatures to se>* ! ,scriptures4 ,he _c1 !re=e1 approve ( a sy/em :i* =bids ! se>*+ ( !m1 & %uts out _! light f ! s\l2 & :i*1 by ! confession ( y\r own selves1 turns m5 9 ?is gospel l& into hea!n4 ,he has writt5 8 comm&m5t aga9/ adult]y1 & ,he _c1 !re=e1 approve ( a sy/em1 :i* induces ?is crime1 by =bidd+ m>riage4 ,! foll[+ extract f an op9ion ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al ( ,m>yl&1 %[s "s ( ! consequ5ces ( ?is =bidd+ to m>ry4 ,a slave has nev] ma9ta9$ an action aga9/ ! violator ( 8 b$4 ,a slave is n admoni%$ = incont95ce1 or puni%$ = =nication or adult]y2 nev] prosecut$ = bigamy4 ,aga91 ,god has writt5 8 comm&m5t1 t *ildr5 %\ld honor _! p>5ts4 ,h[1 !n1 c ,he approve ( a sy/em1 :i* p\rs contempt on ! relation ( p>5t & *ild8 ,:i* subjects !m to be =cibly sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 & t too1 beyond ! hope ( reunion8--"u :i* p>5ts are expos$ & sold 9 ! m>ket-place along ) horses & cattle8--"u :i* !y are /ripp$ & la%$1 & made to suff] ^? innum]able1 & "s ( !m1 nameless indignities1 t t5d to g5]ate 9 _! *ildr51 :o witness !m1 any feel+s1 r ?an ^? ( respect & honor1 = p>5ts ?us degrad$8 ,"s ( ^! nameless indignities are allud$ to 9 a lett] writt5 to me f a slave /ate1 9 ,m>*1 #ahcc4 ,9 ?is place1 says ! writ]1 ,i f9d a regul> & a mu* frequ5t$ slave m>ket1 :]e ?\s&s are ye>ly sold l cattle to ! highe/ bidd]4 ,x is ! op9ion ( g5tlem5 "h1 t n f> f five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s are ye>ly paid 9 ?is place = negroes2 & at ?is mom5t1 ,i c look f ! w9d[ ( my room & c\nt six droves ( f tw5ty to =ty ea*1 sitt+ 9 ! m>ket place = sale4 ,?is morn+ ,i witness$ ! sale ( twelve slaves1 & ,i c\ld b %udd] at ! language us$ & ! lib]ties tak5 ) ! females6 #b;d4 ,z a pro(1 t 9 ! k9ds ( s]vitude ref]r$ to1 ,god did n inve/ ,abraham1 or any o!r p]son ) t absolute own]%ip ( 8 fell[-m51 :i* is claim$ by ,s\!rn slavehold]s--,i w\ld rem>k1 t ,he has made man acc\ntable to ,himself2 b slav]y makes him acc\ntable to1 & a m]e app5dage to 8 fell[-man4 ,slav]y sub/itutes ! w ( a fallible fell[-man = t infallible rule ( action--! w ( ,god4 ,! slave1 in/ead ( be+ all[$ to make x ! great end ( 8 exi/5ce to glorify ,god & enjoy ,him = ev]1 is degrad$ f 8 exalt$ nature1 :i* bord]s ^u angelic dignity1 to be1 to d1 & to suff] :at a m]e man bids him be1 d1 & suff]4 ,! ,s\!rn slave w\ld obey ,god 9 respect to m>riage1 & also to ! read+ & /udy+ ( ,8 ^w4 ,b ?is1 z we h se51 is =bidd5 him4 ,he may n m>ry2 nor may he read ! ,bible4 ,aga91 he w\ld obey ,god 9 ! duties ( secret & social pray]4 ,b he may n att5d ! pray]-meet+--c]ta9ly n t ( 8 *oice2 & in/ances are kn[n1 :]e ! ma/] has intrud$ ^u ! slave's secret audi5ce ) heav51 to tea* him by ! la%1 or "s o!r in/rum5t ( torture1 t he w\ld all[ no o!r ,god be=e himself4 ,said ,joseph ,mason1 an intellig5t color$ man1 :o 0 born & br$ ne> ,ri*mond1 9 ,virg9ia1 9 reply to my "q :e!r he & 8 fell[-slaves c>$ ab\t _! s\ls--,we did n tr\ble ourselves ab\t our s\ls2 we 7 our ma/]s' prop]ty & n our own2 "u _! & n our own control2 & we believ$ t our ma/]s 7 responsible = our s\ls4 ,?is unconc]n = _! spiritual int]e/s grew v naturally out ( _! relation to _! ma/]s2 & 7 ! relation orda9$ ( ,god1 ! unconc]n w\ld1 surely1 be bo? philosophical & s9less4 ,god _c approve ( a sy/em ( s]vitude1 9 :i* ! ma/] is guilty ( assum+ absolute p[]--( assum+ ,god's place & relation t[>ds 8 fell[-m54 ,7 ! ma/]1 9 e case1 a wise & good man--z wise & good z is consi/5t ) ?is wick$ & heav5-d>+ assumption on 8 "p--! condition ( ! slave w\ld x is true1 be f> m tol]able1 ?an x n[ is4 ,b ev5 !n1 we %\ld prote/ z /rongly z ev] aga9/ slav]y2 = x w\ld /ill be guilty ( its ess5tial wick$ness ( robb+ a man ( 8 "r to himself1 & ( robb+ ,god ( ,8 "r to him1 & ( putt+ ^! /ol5 rights into ! h& ( an err+ mortal4 ,nay1 if angels 7 con/itut$ slavehold]s1 our objection to ! relation w\ld rema9 undim9i%$2 s9ce !re w\ld /ill be ! same robb]y ( :i* we n[ compla94 ,b y w say1 t ,i h ov]look$ ! s]vitude 9 :i* ! ,jews held /rang]s & =eign]s2 & t x is on ?is1 m ?an any o!r1 t y rely = y\r ju/ification ( slav]y4 ,i w say no?+ n[ ( ?is s]vitude2 b be=e ,i close ?is communication1 ,i w give my reasons = believ+1 t :atev] 0 its nature1 ev5 if x 7 compulsory1 x _c be fairly plead$ 9 ju/ification ( slav]y4 ,aft] y %all h all[$1 z y w all[1 t slav]y1 z x exi/s1 is at w> ) ,god1 y w be likely to say1 t ! fault is n 9 ! !ory ( x2 b 9 ! practical dep>ture f t !ory2 t x is n ! sy/em1 b ! practice "u x1 :i* is at w> ) ,god4 ,our conc]n1 h[ev]1 is ) slav]y z x is1 & n ) any !ory ( x4 ,b to indulge y1 we w look at ! sy/em ( slav]y1 z x is pres5t$ to u1 9 ! laws ( ! slave ,/ates2 & :at d we f9d "h8 ,:y1 t ! sy/em is z bad z ! practice "u x4 ,"h we f9d ! mo/ diabolical devices to keep millions ( human be+s 9 a /ate ( hea!nism--9 ! deepe/ ignorance & mo/ loa?some pollution4 ,b y w tell me1 t ,i d n look f> en\gh to f9d ! true !ory ( slav]y2 & t ! cruelties & abom9ations1 :i* ! laws ( ! slave ,/ates h +raft$ on ?is !ory1 are n ackn[l$g$ by ! good m5 9 ^? ,/ates to be a "p ( ! !ory4 ,well1 y %all h ! b5efit ( ?is plea2 & ,i admit1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t ?is !ory ( slav]y1 :i* lies f> back1 & out ( sight ( e ?+ visible & kn[n ab\t slav]y1 is "r4 ,& :at does ?is admission avail y8 ,x is slav]y z x is--z x is se5 & kn[n1 t ! abolitioni/s are cont5d+ aga9/4 ,b1 say y1 to induce our =be>ance1 ,we good m5 at ! ,s\? are re/or+ slav]y1 z fa/ z we c1 to :at x %\ld be2 & we w soon make its err+ practice quadrate ) its p]fect & s9less !ory4 ,success to y\r endeavors6 ,b let me ask ^! good m51 :e!r simil> repres5tations w\ld avail to make !m =be>+ t[>ds any o!r class ( (f5d]s2 & :e!r !y w\ld all[ ^! (f5d]s to ju/ify ! wick$ness ( _! h&s1 by plead+ ! purity ( _! he>ts4 ,suppose t ,i /& 9 c\rt confess$ly guilty ( ! crime ( pass+ c\nt]feit money2 & t ,i ask = my acquittal on ! gr\nd1 t1 not)/&+ ,i am practically wrong1 ,i am1 nev]!less1 !oretically "r4 ,believe me1 ,i say1 9 tones ( deep & unfeign$ pa?os1 & ) a correspond+ pressure ( my h& ^u my he>t1 t ! pr9ciples )9 are ^? ( ! pure/ morality2 & t x is my fai?ful endeavor to br+ my deportm5t1 :i*1 z y ?is day witness1 is occasionally devi\s1 into p]fect con=mity ) my inw>d rectitude4 ,my !ory ( hone/ & holy liv+ is all t y c\ld wi% x to be4 ,be b pati5t1 & y %all witness its beautiful exhibitions 9 my :ole conduct4 ,n[1 y c]ta9ly w\ld n h ?is plea turn to my advantage2--:y !n expect t y\r simil> plea %\ld be all[$8 ,we mu/ cont9ue to judge ( slav]y by :at x is1 & n by :at y tell u x w1 or may be4 ,until its "* be righte\s1 we %all cont9ue to condemn x2 b :5 y %all h br\ght x back to y\r s9less & beautiful !ory ( x1 x w h no?+ to fe> f ! abolitioni/s4 ,!re are two prom95t reasons1 h[ev]1 = believ+ t y w nev] pres5t ,s\!rn slav]y to u 9 ?is lovely "*1 ! m]e imag9ation ( :i* is s de> to y4 ,! fir/ is1 t y are do+ no?+ to ?is end4 ,x is an indisputable fact t ,s\!rn slav]y is cont9ually gett+ wid] & wid] f ,god1 & f an innoc5t !ory ( s]vitude2 & ! good m5 at ! ,s\?1 ( :om we h spok51 are n only do+ no?+ to arre/ ?is increas+ div]g5cy1 b !y are actually favor+ x4 ,! writ+s ( y\r ,dews1 & ,baxt]s1 & ,plumm]s1 & ,po/ells1 & ,&]sons1 & ! proce$+s ( y\r ecclesia/ical bodies1 abundantly %[ ?is4 ,nev]1 & ! ass]tion is borne out by y\r /atute books1 z well z o!r evid5ces1 has ,s\!rn slav]y multipli$ its abom9ations s rapidly1 z )9 ! la/ t5 ye>s2 & nev] be=e _h ! ,s\!rn ,*ur* be5 s mu* engag$ to def5d & p]petuate ^! abom9ations4 ,! o!r ( ^! reasons = believ+ t ,s\!rn slav]y w nev] be con=m$ to y\r beau ideal ( slav]y1 9 :i* x is presuppos$ !re are none b pr9ciples ( righte\sness1 is1 t on its fir/ contact ) ^! pr9ciples1 x w\ld vani% into ?9 air1 leav+ n a wreck beh9d4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 & ,i ne$ n cite any o!r case1 x w\ld be imm$iate dea? to ,s\!rn slav]y to conc$e to its subjects1 ,god's in/itution ( m>riage2 & h5ce x is1 t its code =bids m>riage4 ,! rights ( ! husb& 9 ! wife1 & ( ! wife 9 ! husb&1 & ( p>5ts 9 _! *ildr51 w\ld /& directly 9 ! way ( t traffic 9 human fle%1 :i* is ! v life-blood ( slav]y2 & ! assumptions ( ! ma/] w\ld1 at e turn & corn]1 be met & nullifi$ by ^! rights2 s9ce all 8 comm&s to ! *ildr5 ( ^? s]vants 7= n[ !y %\ld no long] be call$ slaves7 w\ld be 9 submission to ! p>am\nt au?ority ( ! p>5ts,a4 ,& "h1 sir1 y & ,i might br+ our discussion to a close1 by my putt+ ! foll[+ que/ions to y1 bo? ( :i* y\r consci5ce w\ld compel y to answ] 9 ! affirmative4 ,footnote ,a3 ,i am aw>e t ,pr(essor ,hodge ass]ts1 t slav]y may exi/ )\t ^? laws :i* int]f]e ) _! 7! slaves7 m>ital or p>5tal "r ,n[1 ?is is a po9t ( imm5se importance 9 ! discussion ( ! "q1 :e!r slav]y is s9ful2 & ,i1 !re=e1 respectfully ask him ei!r to retract ! ass]tion1 or to prove its correctness4 ,t5 ?\s&s ( 8 fell[-citiz5s1 to :om ! ass]tion is utt]ly incr$ible1 unite ) me 9 ?is reque/4 ,if he c %[1 t slav]y does n int]f]e ) m>ital or p>5tal rights1 !y w cease to oppose x4 ,_! confid5t belief is1 t slav]y & m>riage1 :e!r consid]$ 9 ! light ( a civil contract1 or a scriptural in/itution1 are entirely incompatible ) ea* o!r4 #a/4 ,is n ,s\!rn slav]y guilty ( a mo/ heav5-d>+ crime1 9 sub/itut+ concub9age = ,god's in/itution ( m>riage8 #b;d4 ,w\ld n t slav]y1 & also e !ory & modification ( slav]y1 = :i* y may cont5d1 come spe$ily to n\ght1 if _! subjects 7 all[$ to m>ry8 ,slav]y1 be+ an abuse1 is incapable ( re=mation4 ,x dies1 n only :5 y aim a fatal bl[ at its life pr9ciple--its f\ndation doctr9e ( man's "r to prop]ty 9 man,b--b x dies z surely1 :5 y prune x ( its manifold incid5ts ( pollution & irreligion4 ,footnote ,b3 ,i mean by ?is phrase1 "r to prop]ty 9 man1 a "r to hold man z prop]ty2 & ,i d n see ) :at propriety c]ta9 writ]s con/rue x to mean1 a prop]ty 9 ! m]e s]vices ( a man4 ,b x w\ld be treat+ y indecor\sly to /op y at ?is /age ( ! discussion1 be=e we are a ?ird ( ! way ?r\gh y\r book1 & ?us d5y a he>+ to ! rema9d] ( x4 ,we w proce$ to :at y say ( ! slav]y :i* exi/$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s4 ,be=e we d s1 h[ev]1 let me call y\r att5tion to a few ( ! specim5s ( v c>eless reason+ 9 t "p ( y\r book1 :i* we h n[ gone ov]4 ,!y may s]ve to inspire y ) a mode/ di/ru/ ( ! s\ndness ( o!r p>ts ( y\r argum5t4 ,aft] conclud+ t ,abraham 0 a slavehold]1 y quote ! foll[+ language f ! ,bible2 ,abraham obey$ my voice & kept my *>ge1 my comm&m5ts1 my /atutes1 & my laws4 ,y !n inquire1 ,h[ c\ld ?is be true ( ,abraham1 hold+ z he did1 until he 0 an old man1 m slaves ?an any man 9 ,mississippi or ,l\isiana8 ,to be consi/5t ) y\r design 9 quot+ ?is passage1 y mu/ argue f x1 t ,abraham 0 p]fect4 ,b ?is he 0 n2 &1 !re=e1 y\r quotation is va94 ,aga91 if ! slavehold] w\ld quiet 8 consci5ce ) ! supposition1 t ,abraham held m slaves ?an any man 9 ,mississippi or ,l\isiana1 let him rememb]1 t he _h also m concub9es 7,g54 #be3 #f71 ?an any man 9 ,mississippi or ,l\isiana2 &1 if ,abraham's au?ority be 9 ! "o case conclusive = slavehold+1 equally s mu/ x be 9 ! o!r1 = concub9age4 ,p]haps1 9 say+ t ,abraham _h m concub9es ?an any man 9 ,mississippi or ,l\isiana1 ,i h done inju/ice to ! _s ( propagation prevail+ among/ ! g5tlem5 ( ^? ,/ates4 ,x may be1 t "s ( y\r plant]s q di/ance ! old patri>* 9 ob$i5ce to ! comm& to multiply & repl5i% ! e>?4 ,i am correctly in=m$1 t a plant] 9 ,virg9ia1 :o c\nt$1 ,i "k n h[ _m slaves ^u 8 plantation1 confess$ on 8 dea?-b$1 t 8 lic5ti\sness _h ext5d$ to e adult female among/ !m4 ,?is plant] 0 a ne> relative ( ! celebrat$ ,patrick ,h5ry4 ,x may be1 t y h plant]s 9 ,mississippi & ,l\isiana1 :o avail !mselves to ! ext5t t he did1 ( ! p[] :i* slavehold+ gives to pollute & de/roy4 ,! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( mulattoes1 :o con/itute ! ,s\!rn comm5t>y on ! *>ge1 t ! abolitioni/s design amalgamation1 be> witness t ?is plant] 0 n s+ul> 9 8 prop5sities4 ,i d n "k :at y c d ) ?is species ( y\r population4 ,besides1 t x is a /&+ & deep reproa* on ,s\!rn *a/ity1 x is n a little emb>rass+ & puzzl+ to ^? :o h receiv$ ! doctr9e1 t ! desc5dants ( ,africa among/ u mu/ be return$ to ! l& ( _! ance/ors4 ,h[ ! poor mulatto %all be dispos$ (1 "u ?is doctr9e1 betwe5 ! call :i* ,africa makes = him1 on ! "o h&1 & t :i* "s /ate ( ,europe s5ds out = him on ! o!r1 is a problem m difficult ( solution ?an t :i* ! cont5d+ mo!rs br\ght be=e ! mat*less wisdom ( ,solomon4 ,9 ! p>agraph1 :i* relates to ! f\r? & t5? comm&m5ts1 !re is ano!r specim5 ( y\r loose reason+4 ,y say1 t ! language1 ,9 x 7! ,sabba?7 ?\ %alt d no "w1 ?\1 nor ?y son1 nor ?y daught]1 nor ?y man s]vant1 nor ?y maid s]vant1 recognises ! au?ority ( ! ma/] ov] ! s]vant4 ,i grant1 t x does3 b does x at all %[1 t ^! s]vants 7 slaves8 ,does x recognise any m au?ority ?an ! ma/] %\ld ex]cise ov] 8 volunt>y s]vants8 ,%\ld n ! head ( a family re/ra9 all 8 s]vants1 z well ! volunt>y z ! involunt>y1 f unnecess>y labor on ! ,sabba?8 ,y also say1 t ! t5? comm&m5t recognizes s]vants z ! prop]ty ( _! ma/]s4 ,b h[ does x appe> f ! language ( ?is comm&m5t1 t ! man s]vant & maid s]vant are prop]ty any m ?an ! wife is8 ,we w proce$1 h[ev]1 to ! ?ird section ( y\r book4 ,y\r acqua9tance ) hi/ory has enabl$ y to %[ "s ( ! *>act]i/ics & fruits ( ,greek & ,roman slav]y4 ,y /ate ! facts1 t ! subjects ( ?is slav]y 7 absolutely ! prop]ty ( _! ma/]s--t !y 7 us$ l dogs--t !y 7 =bidd5 to le>n any lib]al art or p]=m any act wor?y ( _! ma/]s--t once a day !y receiv$ a c]ta9 numb] ( /ripes = fe> !y %\ld =get !y 7 slaves--t1 at "o "t1 sixty ?\s& ( !m 9 ,sicily & ,italy 7 *a9$ & conf9$ to "w 9 dungeons--t 9 ,rome !re 0 a cont9ual m>ket = slaves1 & t ! slaves 7 commonly expos$ = sale nak$--t1 :5 old1 !y 7 turn$ away1 & t too by a ma/]1 highly e/eem$ = 8 sup]ior virtues1 to />ve to dea?--t !y 7 ?r[n into ponds to be food = fi%--t !y 7 9 ! city ( ,a!ns ne> tw5ty times z num]\s z free p]sons--t !re 7 9 ! ,roman ,empire sixty millions ( slaves to tw5ty millions ( freem5 m9d t _m ( ! ,romans _h five ?\s&1 "s t5 ?\s&1 & o!rs tw5ty ?\s&4 ,& n[1 = :at purpose is y\r recital ( ^! facts8--n1 = its natural effect ( awak5+1 9 y\r read]s1 ! utmo/ abhorr5ce ( slav]y3--no--b = ! /range purpose 7! m /range = be+ 9 ! brea/ ( a m9i/] ( ! gospel7 ( %[+ y\r read]s1 t ev5 ,greek & ,roman slav]y 0 innoc5t1 & agreeable to ,god's w2 & t1 horrid z are ! fruits y describe1 ! tree1 :i* bore !m1 ne$$ b to be dug ab\t & prun$--n to be cut d[n4 ,?is slav]y is innoc5t1 y insi/1 because ! ,new ,te/am5t does n %[1 t x 0 specifically condemn$ by ! ,apo/les4 ,by ! same logic1 ! races1 ! games1 ! dramatic ent]ta9m5ts1 & ! %[s ( gladiators1 :i* ab\nd$ 9 ,greece & ,rome1 71 likewise1 innoc5t1 because ! ,new ,te/am5t does n %[ a specific condemnation ( !m by ! apo/les,a4 ,b1 al?\gh ! ,new ,te/am5t does n %[ su* condemnation1 does x necess>ily foll[1 t !y 7 sil5t1 9 relation to ^! s9s8 ,or1 because ! ,new ,te/am5t does n specifically condemn ,greek & ,roman slav]y1 may we1 !re=e1 inf]1 t ! ,apo/les did n specifically condemn x8 ,look ?r\gh ! publi%$ writ+s ( _m ( ! em95t div9es1 :o h liv$ 9 mod]n times1 & h writt5 & publi%$ mu* = ! in/ruction ( ! *ur*es1 & y w n f9d a l9e 9 !m aga9/ gambl+ or !atres or ! slave-trade2--9 "s ( !m1 n a l9e aga9/ ! v common s9 ( drunk5ness4 ,?9k y1 !re=e1 t !y nev] spoke or wrote aga9/ ^! ?+s8 ,x w\ld be unreasonable to expect to f9d1 9 pr9t1 _! s5tim5ts aga9/ all1 ev5 ( ! cry+ s9s ( _! times4 ,b h[ mu* m unreasonable is x to expect to f9d 9 ! few pages ( ! ,apo/les' publi%$ lett]s1 ! :ole ( :i* c be read 9 a few h\rs1 _! s5tim5ts 9 relation to all ! prom95t s9s ( ! age 9 :i* !y liv$6 ,& f> great] /ill is ! unreasonabl5ess ( sett+ !m d[n1 z favorable to all practices :i* ^! lett]s d n specifically condemn4 ,footnote ,a3 ,pr(4 ,hodge says1 if ! apo/les did ab/a9 f decl>+ slav]y to be s9ful1 x mu/ h be51 because !y did n consid] x z1 9 itself1 a crime4 ,no o!r solution ( _! conduct is consi/5t ) _! tru? or fidelity4 ,b he believes t !y did ab/a9 f s do+2 & he believes ?is1 on ! same evid5ce1 on :i* he believes1 t !y ab/a9$ f decl>+ ! races1 games1 c41 above enum]at$1 to be s9ful4 ,8 own mode ( reason+1 !re=e1 br+s him unavoidably to ! conclusion1 t ^! races1 games1 c41 7 n s9ful4 ,x may be1 t ! ,savi\r & ! ,apo/les1 9 ! c\rse ( _! tea*+s1 bo? oral & writt51 did specify s9s to a f> great] ext5t1 ?an !y are suppos$ to h done4 ,x may be1 t _! foll[]s _h mu* in/ruction1 9 respect to ! great s9 ( slav]y4 ,we mu/ be> 9 m9d1 t b a v small "p ( t ,div9e in/ruction1 :i*1 on ! te/imony ( an ,apo/le1 ! _w itself c\ld n conta9 if writt51 has come d[n to u4 ,( ! writ+s ( our ,savi\r we h no?+4 ,( ^? ( 8 ,apo/les a v small "p4 ,x is probable1 t1 dur+ 8 protract$ m9i/ry1 ! le>n$ apo/le to ! ,g5tiles wrote _m lett]s on religi\s subjects to individuals & to *ur*es4 ,s also ( ! imm5se am\nt ( in/ruction1 :i* fell f ! lips ( ! ,apo/les1 b v little is pres]v$4 ,x 0 ,inf9ite ,wisdom1 h[ev]1 :i* det]m9$ ! size ( ! ,new1 z well z ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ( :at k9ds & portions ( ! ,savi\r's & ! ,apo/les' in/ructions x %\ld consi/4 ,= obvi\s consid]ations1 x is made up1 9 a great measure1 ( g5]al tru?s & propositions4 ,its limit$ size1 if no o!r reason1 acc\nts = ?is4 ,b1 ^! g5]al tru?s & propositions are z compreh5sive z ! necessity ( ! case requires2 &1 c>ri$ out into all _! suitable applications !y leave no s9 un=bidd54 ,small z is ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x is z l>ge z we ne$4 ,x in/ructs u 9 relation to all our duties4 ,x is z full on ! subject ( slav]y1 z is necess>y2 &1 if we w b obey its directions1 t be> on ?is subject1 & love "o ano!r1 & love our neighbors z ourselves1 &1 z we w\ld t m5 %\ld d to u1 d also to !m likewise1 & rememb] !m1 t are 9 bonds z b\nd ) !m1 & give unto s]vants1 t :i* is j & equal--n a ve/ige ( ?is abom9ation w rema94 ,= ! sake ( ! argum5t1 ,i w admit1 t ! ,apo/les made no specific attack on slav]y,a2 & t !y left x to be rea*$ & ov]?r[n1 provid$ x be s9ful1 by ! g5]al pr9ciples & in/ructions :i* !y _h inculcat$4 ,b y w say1 t x 0 _! practice1 9 addition to inculcat+ su* pr9ciples & in/ructions1 to po9t out s9s & reprove !m3--& y w ask1 ) great p]t95ce & =ce1 :y !y did n also po9t out & reprove slav]y1 :i*1 9 ! judgm5t ( abolitioni/s1 is to be class$ ) ! mo/ he9\s s9s4 ,i admit1 t !re is no "q address$ to abolitioni/s1 :i*1 aft] ! admission ,i h made = !m1 x is less easy to answ]2 & ,i admit fur!r1 t !y are b\nd to answ] x4 ,i w proce$ to assign :at to me appe> to be "s ( ! probable reasons1 :y ! ,apo/les specifi$ ! s9s ( ly+1 covet\sness1 /eal+1 c41 &1 agreeably to ! admission1 :i* lays me "u great disadvantage1 did n specify slav]y4 ,footnote ,a3 ,?is is no small admission 9 ! face ( ! passage1 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,timo?y1 :i* p>ticul>izes man/eal+1 z a violation ( ! law ( ,god4 ,i believe all s*ol>s w admit1 t "o ( ! crimes ref]r$ to by ! ,apo/le1 is kidnapp+4 ,b is n kidnapp+ an integral & mo/ vital "p ( ! sy/em ( slav]y8 ,& is n ! slavehold] guilty ( ?is crime8 ,does he n1 inde$1 belong to a class ( kidnapp]s /amp$ ) peculi> meanness8 ,! pirate1 on ! coa/ ( ,africa1 has to cope ) ! /r5g? & adroitness ( mature ye>s4 ,to get 8 victim into 8 clut*es is a de$ ( d>+ & ( p]il dem&+ no little praise1 ^u ! pr9ciples ( ! _w's code ( honor4 ,b ! pr\d *ivalry ( ! ,s\? is securely employ$ 9 kidnapp+ newborn infants4 ,! pirate1 9 ! "o case1 soo!s 8 consci5ce ) ! ?\ght1 t ! bloody savages m]it no bett] treatm5t1 ?an !y are receiv+ at 8 h&s3--b ! pirate1 9 ! o!r1 c h no su* plea--= !y1 :om he kidnaps1 are unta9t$ ) crime4 ,& :at bett] does x make ! case = y1 if we adopt ! translation ( m5 /eal]s8 ,f> bett]1 y w say1 =1 on ! au?ority ( ,o!llo himself1 ,he t is robb'd------ ,let him n "k x1 & he's n robb$ at all4 ,b1 y\r au?ority is n conclusive4 ,! crime ( ! depr$ation is none ! less1 because ! subject is ignorant or unconsci\s ( x4 ,x is true1 ! slave1 :o nev] possess$ lib]ty--:o 0 kidnapp$ at 8 bir?--may n grieve1 "u ! abs5ce ( x1 z he does1 f ^: actual & consci\s possession x _h be5 viol5tly tak53 b ! robb]y is alike pla91 & is c\pl$ ) a meanness1 9 ! "o case1 :i* does n disgrace x 9 ! o!r4 #a/4 ,! book ( ,acts sets =? ! fundam5tal doctr9es & requirem5ts ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is to ! lett]s ( ! ,apo/les we are to look = ext5d$ specifications ( "r & wrong affections1 & "r & wrong practices4 ,:y d ^! lett]s omit to specify ! s9 ( slavehold+8 ,because !y 7 address$ to pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians exclusively2 :o1 f> m emphatically !n ?an n[1 7 ! base ?+s ( ! _w1 & 7 9 circum/ances to be slaves1 r ?an slavehold]s4 ,d\btless1 !re 7 _m slaves among/ !m--b ,i _c admit1 t !re 7 slavehold]s4 ,!re is n ! lea/ probability1 t slavehold+ 0 a preval5t s9 among/ primitive ,*ri/ians,b4 ,in/ructions to !m on t s9 might h be5 almo/ z sup]flu\s1 z w\ld be lectures on ! s9 ( luxury1 address$ to ! poor ,gre5l& disciples1 ^: pov]ty compels !m to subsi/ on fil?y oil4 ,no "o1 acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( _! lives1 believes t ! ,apo/les 7 slave-hold]s4 ,!y labor$1 work+ ) 7_!7 own h&s4 ,! supposition1 t !y 7 slavehold]s1 is inconsi/5t ) _! practice1 & ) ! t5or ( _! in/ructions to o!rs on ! duty ( manual labor4 ,b if ! ,apo/les 7 n slavehold]s1 :y may we suppose1 t _! disciples 78 ,at ! ,s\?1 x is1 l p1 l prie/1 9 ?is matt]4 ,!re1 ! m9i/] ( ! gospel ?9ks1 t he has z good "r to hold slaves1 z has 8 p>i%ion]3 & y\r ,me?odi/s g s f>1 z to say1 t ev5 a bi%op has z good "r1 z any o!r p]son1 to h slaves ,footnote ,b3 ,h[ /rongly does ! foll[+ extract f ! writ+s ( ! great & good ,augu/9e1 :o liv$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 argue1 t slavehold+ 0 n a preval5t s9 among/ primitive ,*ri/ians6 ,non opurtet ,*ri/ianum possid]e s]vum quomodo equum aut arg5tum4 ,quis dic]e audeat ut ve/im5tum cum deb]e contemni8 ,hom9em namque homo tamquam seipsum dilig]e debet cui ab omnium ,dom9o1 ut inimicos diligat1 imp]atur4 ,a ,*ri/ian ought n to hold 8 s]vant z he does 8 horse or 8 money4 ,:o d>es say t he %\ld be ?\ght z lightly ( z a g>m5t8 ,= man1 :om ! ,"l ( all has comm&$ to love 8 enemies1 %\ld love 8 fell[-man z himself4 ------to fan him :ile he sleeps1 ,& tremble :5 he wakes4 ,inde$1 !y already ?reat5 to sep>ate f _! ,nor!rn bre?r51 unless ?is "r be conc$$4 ,b h we n o!r & conclusive evid5ce1 t primitive ,*ri/ians 7 n slavehold]s8 ,we w cite a few passages f ! ,bible to %[1 t x 0 n ! w ( ! ,apo/les to h _! disciples hold manual labor 9 disrepute1 z x is held1 9 all slavehold+ communities4 ,d y\r own bus9ess1 & "w ) y\r own h&s1 z we comm&$ y4 ,= ?is we comm&$ y1 t1 if any w\ld n "w1 nei!r %\ld he eat4 ,let him t /ole1 /eal no m2 b r let him labor1 work+ ) 8 h&s ! ?+ :i* is good1 t he may h to give to him t ne$e?4 ,9 br++ ! :ole v]se into ?is la/ quotation1 ,i may h displeas$ y4 ,i am aw>e1 t y slavehold]s pr\dly & indignantly reject ! applicabl5ess to y\rselves ( ! fir/ phrase 9 ?is v]se1 & also ( ! maxim1 t ! p>tak] ( /ol5 goods is z bad z ! ?ief4 ,i am aw>e1 t y insi/1 t ! kidnapp+ ( a man1 or gett+ possession ( him1 aft] he has be5 kidnapp$1 is n to be comp>$1 if inde$ x c be prop]ly call$ !ft at all1 ) ! crime ( /eal+ a ?+4 ,x occurs to me1 t if a %rewd lawy] _h y on trial = !ft1 he w\ld say1 t y 7 e/opp$ f go+ into ?is di/9ction betwe5 a man & a ?+1 inasmu* z1 by y\r own laws1 ! slave is expressly decl>$ to be a *attel--is expressly elevat$ into a ?+4 ,he w\ld say1 h[ev] compet5t x may be = o!rs to ju/ify !mselves on ! gr\nd1 t x 0 b a man1 & n a ?+1 !y _h /ol52 y\r own /atutes1 :i*1 ) magic cel]ity1 conv]t /ol5 m5 into ?+s1 make su* a plea1 on y\r "p1 utt]ly inadmissible4 ,he w\ld h y z fa/1 z ?\gh ! /ol5 goods1 9 y\r h&s1 7 a bu%el ( :eat1 or "s o!r important ?+1 in/ead ( a m]e man4 ,b1 if y are n yet conv9c$ t primitive ,*ri/ians 7 n slavehold]s1 let me cite ano!r passage to %[ y1 h[ v improbable x is1 t !y /ood 9 ?is capacity3--all1 t believ$1 _h all ?+s common1 & sold _! possessions & goods1 & p>t$ !m to all m51 z e man _h ne$4 ,n[ ,i d n say1 t all ! primitive believ]s did s4 ,b if a portion ( !m did1 & met ) ! ,apo/les' approbation 9 x1 is x at all probable1 t a c\rse1 s div]se f x1 z t ( slavehold+ 9 ! ,*ur*1 met likewise ) _! approbation8 #b;d4 ,i g on to acc\nt = ! ,apo/les' omission to specify slav]y4 ,crim9ality is n always obvi\s1 9 proportion to its ext5t4 ,! s9 ( ! traffic 9 intoxicat+ liquors1 01 until ! la/ few ye>s1 almo/ univ]sally unfelt & unp]ceiv$4 ,b n[1 we meet ) m51 :o1 ?\gh x 0 9 all good consci5ce1 t !y 7 once engag$ 9 x1 w\ld n resume x = worlds2 & :o see m crim9ality1 9 tak+ money f a fell[ man1 9 ex*ange = ! liquor :i* intoxicates him1 ?an 9 simple !ft4 ,h[ev] x may be ) o!rs1 9 ?is employm5t1 !y n[ see1 t1 = !m to traffic 9 intoxicat+ liquors1 w\ld be to /a9 !mselves ) ! tw(old crime ( robb]y & murd]4 ,h[ is x1 t good m5 ev] get into ?is employm5t8--&1 "u :at influ5ces & by :at process ( ?\ght1 d !y come to ! det]m9ation to ab&on x8 ,! =m] is acc\nt$ =1 by ! fact1 t !y gr[ up--h _! education--_! moral & intellectual tra9+--9 ! mid/ ( a public op9ion1 & ev5 ( laws also1 :i* favor & sanction ! employm5t4 ,! latt] is acc\nt$ =1 by ! fact1 t !y are br\ght1 9 ! m]ciful provid5ce ( ,god1 to obs]ve & /udy & und]/& ! consequ5ces ( _! employm5t--especially on ^? :o dr9k _! liquor--! liquor :i* !y sell or make1 or1 ) no less crim9ality1 furni% ! mat]ials = mak+4 ,^! consequ5ces !y f9d to be evil1 only evil1 & t cont9ually4 ,!y f9d1 t ?is liquor imp>ts no b5efit to !m :o dr9k x1 b t5ds to de/roy1 &1 (t5times1 does de/roy1 _! heal?s & lives4 ,to cont9ue1 !re=e1 9 an employm5t 9 :i* !y receive _! neighbor's money1 )\t return+ him an equival5t1 or any portion ( an equival5t1 &1 9 :i* !y expose bo? 8 body & s\l to de/ruction1 is to make !mselves1 9 _! own judgm5ts1 virtually guilty ( !ft & murd]4 ,?us x is 9 ! case ( a national w>1 wag$ = conque/4 ,*ri/ians h tak5 "p 9 x2 &1 because !y 7 bl9d$ by a wrong education1 & 7 act+ 9 ! "n ( _! c\ntry & "u ! impulses ( patriotism1 !y nev] suspect$ t !y 7 do+ ! devil1 in/ead ( ,god1 s]vice4 ,b :51 9 ! k9d provid5ce ( ,god1 "o ( ^! but*]s ( _! fell[ be+s is br\ght to pause & consid] 8 ways1 & to resolve 8 enorm\s & comp\nd s9 into its elem5ts ( wick$ness1--into ! lies1 !ft1 covet\sness1 adult]y1 murd]1 & :at n ( crime1 :i* ent] into x1--he is amaz$ t he has be5 s sl[ ( he>t to believe1 & ab&on ! iniquity ( 8 de$s4 ,:at ,i h said to %[ t ,*ri/ians1 ev5 9 enlight5$ & gospeliz$ l&s1 may be bl9d to ! great wick$ness ( c]ta9 cu/oms & in/itutions1 s]ves to introduce ! rem>k2 t !re 7 probably "s cu/oms & in/itutions1 9 ! "t ( ! ,apo/les1 on :i* x w\ld h be5 ev5 worse ?an lo/ labor = !m to make direct attacks4 ,take1 = example1 ! k9d ( w> ( :i* we h be5 speak+4 ,if !re are reasons :y ! mod]n ,*ri/ian c be ins5sible to ! s9 ( x1 !re are f> /rong] reasons :y ! primitive ,*ri/ian c\ld be4 ,if ! light & in/ruction :i* h be5 accumulat+ = eighte5 c5turies1 are sc>cely suffici5t to conv9ce ,*ri/ians ( its wick$ness1 is x reasonable to suppose t1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is long p]iod1 !y c\ld h be5 successfully taught x8 ,consid]1 t at t "t ! lit]ature & s5tim5t ( ! _w 7 :olly on ! side ( w>2 & especially1 consid] h[ emphatically ! au?ority ( civil gov]nm5t & ( human law 0 9 favor ( its rightfulness4 ,n[1 to h[ great an ext5t su* au?ority cov]s ov] & sanctifies s91 may be inf]r$ f ! fact1 t !re are _m1 :o1 not)/&+ !y believe slav]y to be a mo/ ,heav5-d>+ s91 yet1 because x is legaliz$ & "u ! w+ ( civil gov]nm5t1 w\ld n h x spok5 aga9/4 ,ev5 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,mill]1 9 c]ta9 resolutions :i* he submitt$ to ! la/ ,g5]al ,assembly1 indicat$ 8 simil> rev]5ce = human laws2 & ! lam5t$ ,dr4 ,rice di/9ctly recognises1 9 8 lett] to ,mr4 ,maxwell1 ! doctr9e t ! ,*ur* is b\nd to be quiet ab\t e s9 :i* ! civil gov]nm5t adopts & :itewa%es4 ,t ! ,*ri/ian ,spectator %\ld indorse ! ,doctor's s5tim5ts on ?is po9t is /ill m wor?y ( rem>k ?an t he %\ld utt] !m4 ,inde$1 ,i judge f :at y say on ! #fh? & #fi? pages ( y\r book1 t y are y\rself oppos$ to call+ 9 "q ! morality ( t :i* civil gov]nm5t approves4 ,b1 to d\bt ! infallibility ( civil gov]nm5t1--to speak aga9/ ,caes>1--0 manife/ly held to be q z presumptu\s 9 ! "t ( ! ,apo/les z x is n[4 ,ano!r reason :y an ,apo/le w\ld probably h deem$ x hopeless to attempt to p]suade 8 disciples1 imm$iately & directly1 ( ! s9 ( w>1 is to be f\nd 9 ! fact ( _! feeble & di/ort$ p]ception ( tru? & duty4 ,we1 ^: advantage x is to h liv$ all our days 9 ! light ( ! gospel1 & ^: ance/ors1 f "t immemorial1 _h ! l preci\s advantage1 c h>dly conceive h[ v feeble & di/ort$ 0 t p]ception4 ,b1 consid] = a mom5t :o ^? disciples 74 ,!y _h1 mo/ ( !m1 b j be5 tak5 out ( ! gross d>kness & fil? ( hea!nism4 ,9 read+ acc\nts :i* mission>ies give ( conv]t$ hea!n--( su*1 ev51 z h = t51 fifte51 or tw5ty ye>s1 be5 reput$ to be pi\s--y are1 d\btless1 (t5 surpris$ to f9d h[ grossly errone\s are _! moral p]ceptions4 ,_! false education /ill cleaves to !m4 ,!y are yet1 to a great ext5t1 9 ! m\ld ( a corrupt$ public op9ion2 &1 z f> f hav+ a cle> disc]nm5t ( moral tru?1 z 7 ! p>tially unseal$ eyes :i* saw m51 z trees1 walk+4 ,! fir/ lett] to ! ,*ur* at ,cor9?1 proves t ! new pr9ciples implant$ 9 its memb]s _h n yet purg$ out ! leav5 ( _! old wick$ness2 & t _! conceptions ( ,*ri/ian purity & conduct 7 sadly defective4 ,z x 0 ) ! ,cor9?ian ,*ri/ians1 s 0 x to a great ext5t ) ! o!r ,*ri/ians ( t age4 ,n[1 if ! ,apo/les did n directly tea* ! primitive believ]s t w>s1 & !atres1 & games1 & slav]y1 are s9ful1 x is because !y ?\ght x m fit to ex]cise _! ignorant pupils *iefly 9 ! m]e alphabet & syllables ( ,*ri/ianity4 7,acts xv1 #bh1 #bi47 ,! con/ruction ( words & s5t5ces w\ld naturally foll[4 ,! rudim5ts ( ! gospel1 if once possess$ by !m1 w\ld be apt to lead !m on to great] atta9m5ts4 ,inde$1 ! love1 peace1 tru?1 & o!r elem5ts ( holy liv+ inculcat$ by ! ,apo/les1 w\ld1 if turn$ to all prop] acc\nt1 be fatal to e1 ev5 ! mo/ gigantic1 sy/em ( wick$ness4 ,hav+ ^! elem5ts 9 _! m9ds & he>ts1 !y w\ld n fail ( condemn+ ! great & comp\nd s9 ( w> :5ev] !y %\ld be l$ to take x up1 exam9e x1 resolve x into its con/itu5t p>ts1 & lay ^! p>ts = comp>ison1 by ! side ( ^? elem5ts4 ,b1 su* an advance 0 h>dly to be expect$ f _m ( ^! hea!n conv]ts dur+ ! brief p]iod 9 :i* !y enjoy$ ,apo/olic in/ruction2 & x is b too probable1 t mo/ ( !m di$ 9 great ignorance ( ! s9 ( national w>s4 ,conv]ts f ! hea!n1 9 ! pres5t age1 :5 conviction ( ! s9fulness ( w> is spread+ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom1 w\ld be m likely to imbibe correct views ( x4 ,! ,apo/les f$ ) milk be=e !y f$ ) meat1 z did our ,savi\r1 :o decl>$1 ,i h yet _m ?+s to say unto y1 b ye _c be> !m n[4 ,9 e community1 ! f\ndation pr9ciples ( righte\sness mu/ be laid1 be=e !re c be fulcrums = ! lev]s to be employ$ 9 ov]?r[+ ! s9s :i* prevail 9 x4 ,y w d\btless1 !n1 agree ) me1 t x is n probable t ! ,apo/les taught _! hea!n conv]ts1 directly & specifically1 ! s9fulness ( w>4 ,b slaves1 9 t age1 ) ! exception ( ! comp>ative few :o 7 r$uc$ to slav]y on acc\nt ( ! crimes ( :i* !y _h be5 judicially convict$1 7 ! spoils ( w>4 ,h[ (t5 9 t age1 z 0 mo/ awfully ! fact1 on ! f9al de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 7 ! slave-m>kets ( ! _w glutt$ by ! captives ( w>6 ,until1 !re=e1 !y %\ld be br\ght to see ! s9fulness ( w>1 h[ c\ld !y see ! s9fulness ( s direct & legitimate a fruit ( x z slav]y8--&1 if ! ,apo/les ?\ght _! hea!n conv]ts too weak to be in/ruct$ 9 ! s9fulness ( w>1 h[ mu* m w\ld !y ab/a9 f in/ruct+ !m1 directly & specifically1 9 ! s9 ( slav]y6 #c;d4 ,9 proce$+ ) my reasons :y ! ,apo/les did n ext5d _! specification ( s9s to slav]y1 ,i rem>k1 t x is app>5t f ! views we h tak51 & f o!rs :i* might h be5 tak51 t no?+ w\ld h be5 ga9$ by _! mak+ direct & specific attacks on ! in/itutions ( ! civil gov]nm5ts "u :i* !y liv$4 ,inde$1 mu* might h be5 lo/ by _! do+ s4 ,weak conv]ts1 ) /ill _m rema9s ( hea!nism ab\t !m1 might 9 ?is wise h be5 incurably prejudic$ aga9/ tru?s1 :i*1 by o!r modes ( tea*+1--by g5]al & indirect in/ructions1--w\ld probably h be5 lodg$ 9 _! m9ds4 ,& !re is ano!r po9t ( view 9 :i* va/ly m1 ev5 _! lives1 might h be5 lo/1 by ! ,apo/les mak+ ! direct & specific attacks ref]r$ to4 ,i "k t y ridicule ! idea ( _! consult+ _! p]sonal safety4 ,b :at "r h y to d s8 ,!y did1 on _m occasions1 consult ! security ( _! lives4 ,!y nev] p]ill$ !m ne$lessly1 & ?r\gh a presumptu\s reliance on ,god4 ,x is ! devil1 :o1 9 a g>bl$ quotation f ! ,scriptures1 lays d[n1 9 unlimit$ t]ms1 ! proposition1 t ,god w keep 8 *ildr54 ,b1 ,god promises !m protection only :5 !y are 9 _! own prop] ways4 ,! ,savi\r himself consult$ ! safety ( 8 life1 until 8 "t _h full come2 & 8 comm& to 8 ,apo/les 01 :5 !y p]secute y 9 ?is city1 flee ye into ano!r4 ,if y suppose me to admit = a mom5t1 t reg>d = ! safety ( _! lives ev] kept !m f ! way ( _! duty1 y are entirely mi/ak52 &1 if y cont9ue to ass]t1 9 ! face ( my reason+ to ! contr>y1 t on ! supposition ( ! s9fulness ( slav]y1 _! omission to make direct & specific attacks on x w\ld h be5 a failure ( _! duty1 !n ,i c only regret t ?is reason+ has _h no m influ5ce ^u y4 ,i obs]ve t ,pr(essor ,hodge agrees ) y1 t if slav]y is s91 x w\ld h be5 specifically attack$ by ! ,apo/les at any haz>d to _! lives4 ,?is is 8 conclusion1 because !y did n hesitate to specify & rebuke idolatry4 ,"h is ano!r ( ! ,pr(essor's sophisms4 ,! fact1 t ! ,apo/les prea*$ aga9/ idolatry1 is no reason at all :y1 if slav]y is s91 !y w\ld h prea*$ aga9/ t also4 ,on ! "o h&1 x is n conceivable t ! gospel c be prea*$ :]e !re is idolatry1 )\t attack+ x3 =1 9 sett+ =? ! true ,god to idolat]s1 ! prea*] mu/ d5\nce _! false gods4 ,on ! o!r h&1 gospel s]mons c be prea*$ )\t numb]1 & ! true ,god pres5t$1 n only 9 a nation ( idolat]s1 b else:]e1 )\t "o allusion be+ made to su* cry+ s9s z slav]y1 lewdness1 & intemp]ance4 ,9 ! same connexion1 ,pr(essor ,hodge makes ! rem>k ,we d n expect !m 7our mission>ies7 to refra9 f d5\nc+ ! in/itutions ( ! hea!n z s9ful1 because !y are popul>1 or intimately int]wov5 ) society4 ,if he means by ?is language1 t x is ! duty ( mission>ies on go+ into a hea!n nation1 to array !mselves aga9/ ! civil gov]nm5t1 & to make direct & specific attacks on its wick$ nature & wick$ adm9i/ration1 !n is he at issue1 on ?is po9t1 ) ! :ole ,*ri/ian public2 &1 if he does n mean ?is1 or :at am\nts to ?is1 ,i d n see h[ 8 rem>k w avail any ?+1 9 8 attempt to %[ t ! ,apo/les made su* attacks on :atev] s9ful in/itutions came "u _! obs]vation4 ,:at ,i h said on a =m] page %[s suffici5tly h[ fit x is = mission>ies to ! hea!n1 m especially 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( _! ef=ts among !m1 to labor to in/ruct _! ignorant pupils 9 ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity1 r ?an to call _! att5tion to ! in/itutions ( civil gov]nm5t1 ! s9fulness ( :i* !y w\ld n be able to p]ceive until !y _h be5 gr\nd$ 9 ^? elem5t>y pr9ciples2 & ! s9fulness ( :i*1 m ?an ( any ?+ else1 _! prejudices w\ld =bid !m to suspect4 ,ano!r reason :y ! mission>y to ! hea!n %\ld n directly1 & c]ta9ly n imm$iately1 assail _! civil gov]nm5ts1 is t he w\ld !reby ar\se _! jeal\sies to a pit* fatal to 8 influ5ce1 8 usefulness1 & mo/ probably 8 life2 & ano!r reason is1 t ?is imprud5ce w\ld effectually close ! door1 = a long "t1 aga9/ all ef=ts1 ev5 ! mo/ judici\s1 to spread ! gospel among/ a p s ne$lessly & greatly prejudic$ aga9/ x by an unwise & abrupt application ( its pr9ciples4 ,= in/ance1 :at folly & madness x w\ld be = our mission>ies to ,burmah1 to make a direct assault on ! political in/itutions ( t c\ntry6 ,h[ fatal w\ld x be to _! lives1 & h[ incalculably injuri\s to ! cause entru/$ to _! h&s6 ,&1 if ?is c be said ( !m1 aft] !y h sp5t t51 fifte51 & tw5ty ye>s1 9 ef=ts to br+ t portion ( ! hea!n _w to a k & love ( ! tru?1 h[ mu* m emphatically c\ld x be said if !y _h be5 9 ! field ( _! labors b ?ree or f\r ye>s6 ,& yet1 ev5 ?is %ort space ( "t exce$s ! av]age p]iod ( ! ,apo/les' labor among ^? diff]5t portions ( ! hea!n _w :i* !y visit$2--labor1 too1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 n ( ! :ole1 nor ev5 ( half ( ! twelve4 ,t ! ,apo/les c\ld n h made direct attacks on ! in/itutions ( ! ,roman gov]nm5t1 b at ! exp5se ( _! lives1 is n to be d\bt$4 ,our ,savi\r well knew h[ fatal 0 ! jeal\sy ( t gov]nm5t to ! man :o 0 s unhappy z to h excit$ x2 & he accord+ly avoid$ ! excitem5t ( x1 z f> z practicable & consi/5t4 ,8 +5i\s & beautiful disposition ( ! "q1 ,is x lawful to give tribute to ,caes> or n1 is among ! in/ances1 9 :i* ,he /udi$ to %un ! displeasure ( ! civil gov]nm5t4 ,pilate gave /rik+ evid5ce ( 8 unwill+ness to excite ! jeal\sy ( 8 gov]nm5t1 :51 e o!r exp$i5t to induce him to cons5t to ! ,savi\r's dea? hav+ fail$1 ! b>e *>ge1 utt]ly unprov5 & gr\ndless1 t1 ! ,div9e prison] _h put =? pret5sions1 int]f]+ ) ,caes>'s rights1 avail$ to procure ,8 dea?-w>rant f ! h&s ( t tru?-convict$1 b man-fe>+ gov]nor4 ,_h x n avail$1 ,pilate w\ld h be5 expos$ to ! suspicion ( disloyalty to 8 gov]nm5t2 & s p]il\s 0 ?is suspicion1 t he 0 ready1 at any exp5se to 8 consci5ce & s5se ( ju/ice1 to avoid incurr+ x4 ,a direct attack on ,roman slav]y1 z x w\ld h call$ 9 "q ! rightfulness ( w>--! lead+ policy ( ! ,roman gov]nm5t--w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h be5 peculi>ly p]il\s to its presumptu\s au?or4 ,no p]son c\ld h made ?is attack1 & liv$2 or1 if possibly he might h escap$ ! v5geance ( ! gov]nm5t1 d we n "k too mu* ( ! deadly wra? ( slavehold]s1 to believe t he c\ld h also escap$ ! summ>y process ( ,lyn* law8 ,if x be at ! p]il ( 8 life t a ,nor!rn man travels 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1--& t1 too1 :e!r he d or d n say a ^w ab\t slav]y1 or ev5 :e!r he be or be n an abolitioni/2--if y\r lead+ m5 publicly decl>e1 t x is y\r religi\s duty to put to an imm$iate dea?1 :5ev] !y come )9 y\r p[]1 ^? :o presume to say t slav]y is s9 7& su* a decl>ation did a ,s\? ,c>ol9a g5tleman make on ! floor ( congress1 respect+ ! inconsid]able p]son :o is address+ y72--&1 if y\r pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians1 n except+ m9i/]s ( ! gospel1 ?ir/ = ! blood ( abolitioni/s,a1 z ,i w abundantly %[1 if y require pro(2--if1 9 a gospel l&1 all ?is be s1 !n ,i put x to y\r c&or1 :e!r x c reasonably be suppos$ t ! ,apo/les w\ld h be5 all[$ to attack slav]y 9 ! mid/ ( hea!n slavehold]s4 ,:y x is t slavehold]s w n all[ a ^w to be brea!d aga9/ slav]y1 ,i _c1 p]haps1 correctly judge4 ,abolitioni/s ?9k t ?is unwill+ness d5otes t man is unfit = absolute p[] ov] 8 fell[ m54 ,!y ?9k z unfavorably ( ! influ5ce ( ?is p[] on ! slavehold]1 z y\r own ,jeff]son did4 ,!y ?9k t x t5ds to make him impati5t ( contradiction1 self-will$1 sup]cili\s1 cruel1 murd]\s1 devili%2 & !y ?9k t !y c e/abli% ?is op9ion1 n by ! s\nde/ philosophy only1 b by ! pages ( _m ( y\r own writ]s1 & by ^? daily sc5es ( horrid brutality :i* make ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 9 ! sight bo? ( ,god & man1 "o ( ! mo/ frightful & loa?some portions ( ! _w--( ! :ole _w--b>b>\s z well z civiliz$4 ,footnote ,a3 ,i w relate an incid5t1 to %[ :at a fi5d ev5 woman1 g5tle1 lovely woman1 may become1 aft] %e has fall5 "u ! sway ( ! demon ( slav]y4 ,said a lady ( ,savannah1 on a visit 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 ,i wi% he 7,rev4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,h4 ,cox7 w\ld come to ,savannah4 ,i %\ld love to see him t>r$ & fea!r$1 & 8 head cut (f & c>ri$ on a pole ar\nd ,savannah4 ,?is lady is a pr(ess+ ,*ri/ian4 ,h] language /irs me up to retaliate ^u h]1 & to express ! wi% t %e w\ld come to ! t[n1 & ev5 to ! dwell+1 9 :i* ,dr4 ,cox resides4 ,%e w\ld f9d t man ( ,god--t man ( sanctifi$ g5ius--z glad to get 8 enemies into 8 h&s1 z %e w\ld be to get him into ! h&s ( 8 enemies3--n1 h[ev]1 = ! purpose ( disgrac+ & decapitat+ !m1 b1 t he might p\r out ^u !m ! =giv5ess & love ( 8 g5]\s & abolitioniz$ he>t4 ,9 ! city ( ,new ,york !re are ?\s&s ( :ole-s\l$ abolitioni/s4 ,:at a /rik+ te/imony is x1 9 behalf ( _! meekness & =be>ance1 :5 a s\!rn fury is p]fectly secure1 9 bel*+ out su* words ( wra? 9 ! mid/ ( !m6 ,we abolitioni/s nev] love our pr9ciples bett]1 ?an :5 we see ! slavehold] feel+ safe among/ u4 ,no man has be5 m abusive ( u ?an ,gov]nor ,mc,duffie2 & yet1 7 he to travel 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 he w\ld meet ) no unk9dness at ! h&s ( any abolitioni/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 let x be kn[n to ! gov]nor1 t he has )9 8 jurisdiction a prom95t abolitioni/--"o1 ^: he>t ( burn+ love has made him specially anxi\s to p]suade ! un=tunate slavehold] to be j to himself1 to 8 fell[ m51 & to 8 ,god1--& ! gov]nor1 true to ! horrid s5tim5ts ( 8 fam\s message1 w\ld advise t he be put to dea? )\t b5efit ( cl]gy4 ,let slavehold]s say :at !y w ab\t our blood-?ir/9ess1 !re is n "o ( !m :o fe>s to put himself 9 our p[]4 ,! _m ( !m1 :o h be5 b5ea? my ro(1 & ! ro(s ( o!r abolitioni/s1 h manife/$ _! confid5ce 9 our k9dness4 ,7 a /rang] to ! in/itution ( slav]y to le>n1 9 answ] to 8 inquiries1 t an abolitioni/ is an outlaw among/ slavehold]s1 & t a slavehold] is ! k9dly ent]ta9$ gue/ ( abolitioni/s1--"h w\ld be a puzzle inde$4 ,b ! solution ( x w\ld n fail to be z honorable to ! p]secut$ man ( peace1 z x w\ld be disgraceful to ! bloody advocate & execution] ( ,lyn* law4 ,i ne$ n r5d] any m reasons :y ! ,apo/les did n specifically attack slav]y2 b ,i w reply to a "q1 :i* ,i am sure w be ^u y\r lips all ! "t y are read+ ^? ,i h r5d]$4 ,?is "q is1 ,if ! ,apo/les did n make su* an attack on slav]y1 :y may ! ,am]ican abolitioni/s8 ,i answ]1 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! c\rse ( ! abolitioni/s & ( ! ,apo/les1 9 ?is matt]1 is ju/ifi$ by ! diff]5ce 9 _! circum/ances4 ,pr(essor ,hodge prop]ly says1 t our c\rse %\ld be l !irs1 unless x c be %[n t _! circum/ances 7 s diff]5t f ours1 z to make ! rule ( duty diff]5t 9 ! two cases4 ,& he z prop]ly adds1 ! obligation to po9t out & e/abli% ?is diff]5ce re/s ^u ! abolitioni/s4 ,! reasons ,i h giv51 :y ! ,apo/les did n directly attack slav]y1 d n apply to ! abolitioni/s4 ,! arm ( civil p[] does n re/ra9 u f attack+ x4 ,to op5 our lips aga9/ ! policy & in/itutions ( civil gov]nm5t is n c]ta9 dea?4 ,a despotic gov]nm5t re/rict$ ! ef=ts ( ! ,apo/les to d good4 ,b we live "u gov]nm5ts :i* af=d ! wide/ scope = ex]tions to bless our fell[ m5 & honor ,god4 ,n[1 if we may n avail ourselves ( ?is advantage1 simply because ! ,apo/les did n h x to avail !mselves (1 !n :atev] o!r int]e/s may prosp] "u a republican gov]nm5t1 c]ta9 x is1 t ! cause ( tru? & righte\sness is n to be b5efit$ by x4 ,f> bett] nev] to h _h our boa/$ =m ( gov]nm5t1 if1 :il/ x ext5ds ! fre$om & multiplies ! facilities ( ! wick$1 x relieves ! righte\s ( none ( ! re/rictions ( a despotic gov]nm5t4 ,aga91 !re is a religi\s consci5ce all ov] ?is l&1 & an enlight5$ & gospel s5se ( "r & wrong2 on :i* we c & d 7z 9 y\r ,introduction y conc$e is ! fact7 br+ our argum5ts aga9/ slav]y to be> ) mighty p[]4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! creat+ ( su* a consci5ce & su* a s5se1 9 ! hea!n & semi-hea!n among/ :om !y liv$ & labor$1 0 ! fir/1 & appropriate1 & pr9cipal "w ( ! ,apo/les4 ,to employ1 !re=e1 no o!r me?ods = ! moral & religi\s improvem5t ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?an 7 employ$ by ! ,apo/les = t ( ! p ( ! ,roman empire1 is z absurd z x w\ld be to put ! highe/ & l[e/ classes 9 a s*ool to ! same lessons2 or a raw appr5tice to ^? high] bran*es ( 8 trade :i* dem& ! skill ( an exp]i5c$ workman4 ,i am "h rem9d$ ( :at ,pr(essor ,hodge says 7 ! means reli$ on by ! ,savi\r & ,apo/les = aboli%+ slav]y4 ,x 01 says he1 by tea*+ ! true nature1 dignity1 equality1 & de/9y ( m52 by inculcat+ ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & love2 & by leav+ ^! pr9ciples to produce _! legitimate effects 9 ameliorat+ ! condition ( all classes ( society4 ,i w\ld n speak disp>ag+ly ( su* a c\rse ( in/ruction2 s f> f x1 ,i am ready to admit t x is indisp5sable = ! removal ( evils1 9 e age & among e p4 ,:5 g5]al in/ructions ( ?is "* %all h ceas$ to be giv51 !n w all :olesome re=ms h ceas$ also4 ,b1 ,i _c approve ( ! ,pr(essor's object 9 ?is rem>k4 ,?is object is to induce 8 read]s to believe1 t ^! ab/ract & g5]al in/ructions are all t is ne$$ to effect ! t]m9ation ( slav]y4 ,n[1 ,i ma9ta9 t "o ?+ m is want+2 & t is1 ! application ( ^! in/ructions--( ! pr9ciples conta9$ 9 !m--to ! evil 9 h&4 ,z well may x be suppos$1 t ! me*anic c accompli% 8 "w )\t ! application1 & by ! m]e possession1 ( 8 tools1 z t a giv5 re=mation c be effect$ by unappli$ g5]al pr9ciples4 ,( ^! pr9ciples1 ,am]ican philan?ropi/s h be5 possess$ f "t immemorial2 & yet all ! :ile ,am]ican slav]y has be5 fl\ri%+ & gr[+ /rong4 ,( late1 h[ev]1 ^! pr9ciples h be5 br\ght to be> ^u ! sy/em1 & x manife/ly is already giv+ way4 ,! groans ( ! mon/] prove t ^? rays ( tru?1 :i* did n di/urb him :il/ !y cont9u$ to move 9 ! p>allel l9es ( ab/ractions & g5]alities1 make x q too hot = him s9ce !y are conv]g$ to a burn+ focus ^u 8 devot$ head4 ,:y is x1 = example1 t ! influ5ce ( ! ,bo/on ,record] & ,new-,york ,obs]v]--:y is x1 t ! influ5ce ( mo/ ( our titl$ div9es--is decid$ly ho/ile to ! abolition ( slav]y8 ,x is n because !y are defici5t 9 j g5]al s5tim5ts & pr9ciples respect+ man's duties to ,god & 8 fell[ man4 ,x is simply because !y /& oppos$ to ! application ( ^! s5tim5ts & pr9ciples to ! evil 9 "q2 or1 9 o!r words1 /& oppos$ to ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 :i* is ! *os5 l5s ( ,div9e ,provid5ce = turn+ ^! s5tim5ts & pr9ciples1 ) all ! burn+1 irresi/ible p[] ( _! conc5tration1 aga9/ a giant wick$ness4 ,:at is ! "w ( ! ,temp]ance ,societies1 b to make a specific application ( g5]al tru?s & pr9ciples to ! vice ( intemp]ance8 ,& ! fact1 t f ! "t ( ,noah's intoxication1 until ! organization ( ! ,am]ican ,temp]ance ,society1 ! desolat+ tide ( intemp]ance _h be5 cont9ually swell+1 proves t ?is reliance on unappli$ pr9ciples1 h[ev] s\nd--?is fai? )\t works--is utt]ly va94 ,na?an f\nd t no?+1 %ort ( a specific application ( ! pr9ciples ( righte\sness1 w\ld answ] 9 ! case ( ! s9 ( adult]y4 ,he _h to ab&on all g5]alities & circuit\sness1 & come plump ^u ! royal s9n] ) 8 ,?\ art ! man4 ,^? div9es1 ^: policy x is to h&le slavehold]s ) gloves1 if !y mu/ h&le !m at all1 d\btless reg>d ,na?an z an exce$+ly impolite prea*]4 ,b1 n only is x f> less difficult to in/ruct ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an x 0 ! p ( ! ,roman ,empire1 9 ! s9 ( slav]y2 x is also--= ! reason t ! s9 is ours1 to a f> great] ext5t1 ?an x 0 !irs--mu* m important = u ?an = !m to be in/ruct$ 9 x4 ,!y _h no %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t :i* upheld x4 ,!y c\ld n aboli% x by law4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are !mselves ! gov]nm5t ( _! c\ntry4 ,!y are ! co-sov]eigns ( _! nation4 ,!y uphold slav]y by law1 & !y c put x d[n by law4 ,9 ?is po9t ( view1 !re=e1 slav]y is an incomp>ably great] s9 9 u1 ?an x 0 9 !m4 ,only "o o!r reason w be giv5 :y x is m ne$ful to ov]?r[ ,am]ican1 ?an x 0 to ov]?r[ ,roman slav]y4 ,! ,*ur* 0 !n b a h&ful ( /rang]s scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! hea!n _w4 ,x 0 made up ( ^? :o _h little influ5ce1 & :o 7 e/eem$ ! fil? ( ! _w1 & ! (fsc\r+ ( all ?+s4 ,x _h1 probably1 little1 if any ?+1 to d ) slav]y1 except to suff] its rigors 9 ! p]sons ( _m ( its memb]s4 ,b "h1 ! ,*ur*1 compris+ no v small proportion ( ! :ole population1 & ex]t+ a mighty influ5ce = good or ill on ! residue1 is ta9t$1 yes1 rott5 ) slav]y4 ,9 ?is contra/1 we n only see ano!r reason :y ! de/ruction ( ,am]ican slav]y is m important ?an 0 t ( ,roman slav]y2 b we also see1 t ! ,apo/les c\ld h be5 little1 if at all1 actuat$ by t motive1 :i* is m urg5t ?an any o!r 9 ! brea/s ( ! ,am]ican abolitioni/s--! motive ( purg+ ! ,*ur* ( slav]y4 ,to return to :at y say ( ! abom9ations & horrors ( ,greek & ,roman slav]y3--,i %\ld be do+ y great inju/ice1 7 ,i to convey ! idea t y approve ( !m4 ,x is admitt$ t y disapprove ( !m2 &1 x is also admitt$1 t no responsibility = !m re/s on ! relation ( slavehold] & slave1 if t relation h1 z y labor to %[1 ! /amp ( ,div9e approbation4 ,y say1 t slav]y1 l m>riage1 is an in/itution sanction$ by ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & t1 !re=e1 nei!r = ! evils :i* att5d x1 nor = any o!r cause1 is x to be argu$ aga9/4 ,?is is s\nd reason+1 on y\r "p2 &1 if y\r premises are correct1 !re is no resi/+ y\r d$uction4 ,we are1 9 t case1 n only n to compla9 ( ! in/itution ( slav]y1 b we are to be ?ankful = x4 ,consid]+1 h[ev]1 t ! :ole fabric ( y\r argum5t1 9 ! pr9cipal or ,new ,te/am5t division ( y\r book1 is bas$ on ! alleg$ fact t ! ,new ,te/am5t approves ( slav]y1 x seems to me t y h cont5t$ y\rself1 & s\ght to make y\r read]s cont5t$1 ) v sl5d] evid5ces ( ! tru? ( ?is proposition4 ,^! evid5ces are1 ma9ly--t ! ,new ,te/am5t does n decl>e slav]y to be a s93 &1 t ! ,apo/les enjo9 ^u ma/]s & s]vants _! respective duties2 & ?is1 too1 9 ! same connexion 9 :i* !y make simil> injunctions ^u ^? :o /& 9 ! confess$ly prop] relations ( life--! husb& & wife1 ! p>5t & *ild4 ,y\r o!r evid5ces1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t approves ( slav]y1 unimportant z !y are1 w n be left unnotic$4 ,i h attempt$ to %[1 t ! omission ( ! ,new ,te/am5t to decl>e slav]y to be a s91 is n pro( t x is n a s94 ,i pass on to %[1 t ! ,apo/olic injunction ( duties ^u ma/]s & s]vants does n prove t slav]y is s9less4 ,i h n[ rea*$ ano!r gr& fallacy 9 y\r book4 ,x is also f\nd 9 ,pr(essor ,hodge's article4 ,y1 g5tlem51 take ! lib]ty to dep>t f our /&>d ,engli% translation ( ! ,bible1 & to sub/itute slavehold] = ma/]--slave = s]vant--&1 9 sub/ance1 emp]or = rul]--& subject ( an imp]ial gov]nm5t = subject ( civil gov]nm5t g5]ally4 ,i "k t ?is sub/itution well suits y\r purposes3 b1 ,i "k n by :at "r y make x4 ,pr(essor ,hodge tells ! abolitioni/s1 c]ta9ly )\t mu* respect = ei!r _! intellig5ce or piety1 t x w d no good 7= !m7 to attempt to te> ! ,bible to pieces4 ,!re is b too mu* evid5ce1 t he himself has n entirely refra9$ f ! folly & crime1 :i* he is s ready to impute to o!rs4 ,i w proce$ to (f] "s reasons = ! belief1 t :5 ! ,apo/les enjo9$ on ma/]s & s]vants _! respective duties1 !y _h ref]5ce to s]vitude 9 g5]al1 & n to any modification ( x4 #a/4 ,y f9d passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :]e y ?9k despotes ref]s to a p]son :o is a slavehold]1 & d\los to a p]son :o is a slave4 ,admit t y are "r3 b ?is 7:i* seems to be y\r only gr\nd = x7 does n ju/ify y 9 translat+ ^! words slavehold] & slave1 :5ev] x may be advantage\s to y\r side ( ! "q to h !m ?us translat$4 ,^! words1 h a great v>iety ( mean+s4 ,= in/ance1 !re are passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :]e despotes means ,god--,jesus ,*ri/--,head ( a family3 & :]e d\los means a m9i/] or ag5t--a subject ( a k+--a disciple or foll[] ( ,*ri/4 ,despotes & d\los are ! words us$ 9 ! orig9al ( ! expression3 ,"l1 n[ lette/ ?\ ?y s]vant dep>t 9 peace3 d\los 9 t ( ! expressions1 s]vant ( ,*ri/1 & let him be s]vant ( all4 ,pr(ane writ]s also use ^! words 9 v>i\s s5ses4 ,my full belief is1 t ^! words 7 us$ 9 bo? a g5]ic & special s5se1 z is ! ^w corn1 :i* d5otes bread-/uffs 9 g5]al1 & also a p>ticul> k9d ( !m2 z is ! ^w meat1 ! mean+ ( :i* is1 sometimes1 conf9$ to fle% t is eat51 &1 at o!r times1 z is frequ5tly ! case 9 ! ,scriptures1 ext5ds to food 9 g5]al2 &1 z is ! ^w s]vant1 :i* is suitable1 ei!r 9 ref]5ce to a p>ticul> =m ( s]vitude1 or to s]vitude 9 g5]al4 ,!re is a passage 9 ! second *apt] ( ,acts1 :i* is1 ( itself1 p]haps1 suffici5t to conv9ce an unbias$ m9d1 t ! ,apo/les us$ ! ^w d\los 9 a1 g5]ic1 z well z 9 a special s5se4 ,d\los & d\le are ! words 9 ! phrase3 ,& on my s]vants & on my h&maid5s4 ,a ref]5ce to ! prophecy z x /&s2 9 ,joel #b3 #bh1 #bi1 makes x m obvi\s1 t p]sons 9 s]vitude are ref]r$ to "u ! words d\los & d\le2 &1 t ! pr$ict$ bless+ 0 to be %$ ^u p]sons ( all ages1 classes1 & conditions--^u old m5 & "y m5--^u sons & daught]s--& ^u man-s]vants & maid-s]vants4 ,b1 "u ! int]pretation ( ^?1 :o1 l ,pr(essor ,hodge & y\rself1 conf9e ! mean+ ( d\los & d\le to a species ( s]vants1 ! prophecy w\ld h ref]5ce to p]sons ( all ages1 classes1 & conditions--except+ c]ta9 descriptions ( s]vants4 ,"u ?is int]pretation1 we are br\ght to ! absurd conclusion1 t ! _s is to be p\r$ out ^u ! ma/] & 8 slaves--b n ^u 8 hir$ s]vants4 ,i tru/ t en\gh has be5 said1 "u ?is my fir/ head1 to %[ t ! v>i\s s5ses 9 :i* ! words despotes & d\los are employ$1 ju/ify me 9 tak+ ! position1 t :5ev] we meet ) !m1 we are to det]m9e1 f ! nature ( ! case1 & f ! connexion 9 :i* !y are us$1 :e!r !y ref] to s]vitude 9 g5]al1 or to a species ( x4 #b;d4 ,! conf9em5t ( ! mean+ ( ! words 9 "q supposes1 :at nei!r religion nor common s5se all[s u to suppose1 t slavehold]s & slaves1 despots & ^? 9 subjection to !m1 7 su* especial favorites ( ! ,apo/les1 z to obta9 f !m specific in/ructions 9 respect to _! relative duties1 :il/ all o!r ma/]s & s]vants1 & all o!r rul]s & subjects1 ?r\gh\t all future "t1 7 left unprovid$ ) su* in/ructions4 ,accord+ to ?is supposition1 :5 slav]y & despotism %all1 agreeably to ,pr(essor ,hodge's expectations1 h entirely ceas$1 !re w be n "o ma/] nor s]vant1 n "o rul] nor subject 9 ! :ole e>?1 to fall1 z su*1 "u ! ,apo/olic injunctions4 #c;d4 ,y admit t !re 7 hirel+s1 9 a community ( primitive believ]s2 & ,i admit1 = ! mom5t1 t !re 7 slaves 9 x4 ,n[1 "u my int]pretation ( ! ,apo/olic injunction1 all husb&s1 all wives1 all p>5ts1 all *ildr51 & all s]vants1 9 ?is community1 are told _! respective duties3 b1 "u y\rs1 ^! duties are enjo9$ on all husb&s1 all wives1 all p>5ts1 all *ildr51 & a "p ( ! s]vants4 ,may we n reasonably compla9 ( y\r int]pretation1 t x violates analogy8 ,imag9e ! sc5e1 9 :i* a fa!r1 9 ! ,apo/olic age1 assembles 8 family to li/5 to a lett] f ! gl[+ ,pet]1 or su* an "o z ,paul ! ag$4 ,! lett] conta9s in/ructions respect+ ! relative duties ( life4 ,! v5]able pair1 :o /& 9 ! conjugal & p>5tal relations1 receive1 ) calm ?ankfulness1 :at is address$ to !mselves2--! bright-ey$ little ones are eag] to "k :at ! ,apo/le says to *ildr5--a poor slave blesses ,god = 8 portion ( ! ,apo/olic c\nsel2--& ! sc5e w\ld be "o ( unm+l$ joy1 if ! writ] _h b address$ hir$ s]vants1 z well z slaves4 ,"o ( ! gr\p goes away to weep1 because ! ,apo/le _h rememb]$ ! necessities ( all o!r classes ( m51 & =gott5 ^? ( ! hirel+4 ,sir1 d y believe t ! ,apo/le 0 guilty ( su* an omission8 ,i rejoice t my side ( ! "q betwe5 u1 does n call = ! belief ( :at is s improbable & unnatural--&1 )al1 s di%onor+ to ! memory ( ! ,apo/le4 #d?4 ,ano!r reason = believ+1 t ! ,apo/les int5d$ no su* limitation z t :i* y impose ^u _! words1 is1 t _! injunctions are z applicable to ! o!r classes ( p]sons occupy+ ^! relations1 z !y are to ! p>ticul> class to :i* y conf9e !m4 ,! hir$ s]vant1 z well z ! slave1 ne$s to be admoni%$ ( ! s9s ( eye s]vice & purlo9+2 & ! ma/] ( volunt>y1 z well z involunt>y s]vants1 ne$s to be admoni%$ to give t :i* is j & equal4 ,! rul] 9 a republic1 or1 9 a limit$ mon>*y1 z well z ! despot1 requires to be rem9d$1 t he is to be a m9i/] ( ,god = good4 ,s ! subject ( "o k9d ( civil gov]nm5t1 z well z t ( ano!r1 ne$s to be told to be subject unto ! high] p[]s4 ,i ne$ n ext5d my rem>ks to prove1 t despotes & d\los are1 9 ! case be=e u1 to be tak5 9 _! compreh5sive s5se ( ma/] & s]vant3 &1 cle>ly1 !re=e1 ! abolitioni/ is n guilty ( violat+ y\r rule1 n to int]f]e ) a civil relation 79 ano!r place1 y say1 'any ( ! exi/+ relations ( life'7 = :i*1 & to regulate :i*1 ei!r ,*ri/ or 8 ,apo/les h prescrib$ regulations4 ,he believes1 z fully z y\rself1 t ! relation ( ma/] & s]vant is approv$ ( ,god4 ,x is ! slav]y modification ( x--! slavehold]'s abuse & p]v]sion ( ! relation1 9 r$uc+ ! s]vant to a *attel--:i*1 he believes1 is n approv$ ( ,god4 ,= ! sake ( ! argum5t1 ,i w admit1 t ! slave alone1 ( all classes ( s]vants1 0 favor$ ) specific in/ructions f ! ,apo/les3 & !n1 h[ %\ld we acc\nt = ! selection8 ,9 no o!r way1 c ,i conceive1 ?an1 on ! gr\nd1 t 8 lot is s peculi>ly h>d--s mu* h>d] ?an t ( p]sons "u o!r =ms ( s]vitude--t he ne$s1 :il/ !y d n1 ,apo/olic c\nsel & advice to keep him j1 & pati5t1 & submissive4 ,let me be sp>$ f ! s9 ( r$uc+ a bro!r man to su* a lot4 ,y\r doctr9e1 !re=e1 t ! ,apo/les address$ slaves only1 & n s]vants 9 g5]al1 w\ld n1 7 its correctness admitt$1 lift y out ( all ! difficulties 9 y\r argum5t4 ,aga91 does x necess>ily foll[ f ?is admission1 t ! relation ( slavehold] & slave is s9less8 ,0 ! despotism ( ! ,roman gov]nm5t s9less8 ,i d n ask :e!r ! abuses ( civil gov]nm5t1 9 t in/ance1 7 s9less4 ,b1 ,i ask1 0 a gov]nm5t1 despotic 9 its con/itution1 depriv+ all its subjects ( political p[]1 & ext5d+ absolute control ov] _! prop]ty & p]sons--0 su* a gov]nm5t1 indep5d5tly ( ! consid]ation ( its abuses1 7if inde$ we may speak ( ! abuses ( :at is 9 itself an abuse17 s9less8 ,i am aw>e1 t ,pr(4 ,hodge says1 t x 0 s3 &1 :5 he classes despotism & slav]y ) adiaphora1 ?+s indiff]5t2 & all[s no m moral "* to !m ?an to a table or a broom/ick1 ,i tru/ no good man envies 8 optics4 ,may ,i n hope t y1 ,mr4 ,smylie1 p]ceive a diff]5ce betwe5 despotism & an indiff]5t ?+4 ,may ,i n hope1 t y w1 bo? z a ,republican & a ,*ri/ian1 take ! gr\nd1 t despotism has a moral "*1 & a bad "o8 ,:5 our fa!rs pray$1 & toil$1 & bl$1 to obta9 = !mselves & _! *ildr5 ! "r ( self-gov]nm5t1 & to effect _! lib]ation f a p[]1 :i*1 9 ! ext5t & rigor ( its despotism1 is no m to be comp>$ to ! ,roman gov]nm5t1 ?an ! little f+] to ! lo9s1 ,i d\bt n1 t !y felt t despotism _h a moral1 & a v bad moral "*4 ,& s w\ld ,pr(4 ,hodge h felt1 _h he /ood by _! side1 in/ead ( be+ "o ( _! ungrateful sons4 ,i say ungrateful--=1 :o m s1 ?an he :o publi%es doctr9es t disp>age ! holy cause 9 :i* !y 7 emb>k$1 & exhibits !m1 z cont5d+ = /raws1 r ?an = pr9ciples8 ,tell me1 h[ long w ?is ,republic endure aft] our p %all h imbib$ ! doctr9e1 t ! nature ( civil gov]nm5t is an indiff]5t ?+3 & t ! poet 0 "r :5 he said1 ,= =ms ( gov]nm5t let fools conte/8 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is b "o ( _m doctr9es ( ru9\s t5d5cy to ! cause ( civil lib]ty1 advanc$ by pro-slav]y writ]s to su/a9 _! sy/em ( oppression4 ,x w\ld surely be sup]flu\s to g into pro(s1 t ! ,roman gov]nm5t 0 vici\s & wick$ 9 its con/itution & nature4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,apo/le enjo9$ submission to x1 & taught its subjects h[ to demean !mselves "u x4 ,"h1 !n1 we h an in/ance1 9 :i* we _c argue ! s9lessness ( a relation1 f ! fact ( ,apo/olic injunctions on ^? /&+ 9 x4 ,take ano!r in/ance4 ,! ,*aldeans w5t to a =eign l&1 & enslav$ its p--z memb]s ( y\r guilty p>tn]%ip h done = "s ( ! slaves y n[ own1 & = ! ance/ors ( o!rs4 ,& ,god de/roy$ ! ,*aldeans expressly = all _! evil t !y _h done 9 ,zion4 ,b1 wick$ z !y 71 = hav+ in/itut$ ?is relation betwe5 !mselves & ! ,jews1 ,god1 nev]!less1 tells ! ,jews to submit to x4 ,he tells !m1 ,s]ve ! ,k+ ( ,babylon4 ,he ev5 says1 seek ! peace ( ! city1 :i!r ,i h caus$ y to be c>ri$ away captives1 & pray unto ! ,"l = x2 =1 9 ! peace !re(1 %all ye h peace4 ,"h !n1 we h ano!r in/ance1 9 addition to t ( ! ,roman despot & 8 subjects1 9 :i* ! ,holy ,_s prescrib$ regulations = wick$ relations4 ,y w1 at lea/1 all[1 t ! relation e/abli%$ by ! ,*aldeans betwe5 !mselves & ! captive ,jews1 0 wick$4 ,b1 y w p]haps say1 t ?is is n a relation com+ )9 ! contemplation ( y\r rule4 ,y\r rule speaks ( a civil relation1 & also ( ! exi/+ relations ( life4 ,b1 ! relation 9 "q1 be+ sub/antially t ( slavehold] & slave1 is1 accord+ to y\r own %[+1 a civil relation4 ,p]haps y w say1 x is n an exi/+ relation ( life4 ,b :at d y mean by an exi/+ relation ( life8 ,d y mean1 t x is a relation approv$ ( ,god8 ,if y d1 & insi/ t ! relation ( slavehold] & slave is an exi/+ relation ( life1 !n y are guilty ( begg+ ! great "q betwe5 u4 ,y\r rule1 !re=e1 c mean no?+ m ?an ?is--t any relation is rightful1 = :i* ! ,bible prescribes regulations4 ,b ! relation ref]r$ to betwe5 ! ,*aldeans & ,jews1 proves ! falsity ( ! rule4 ,aga91 :5 a man compels me to g ) him1 is n ! compell$ relation betwe5 him & me a s9ful "o8 ,& ! relation ( robb] & robb$1 :i* a man in/itutes betwe5 himself & me1 is n ?is also s9ful8 ,b1 ! ,bible has prescrib$ regulations = ! relations 9 bo? ^! cases4 ,9 ! "o1 x requires me to g ) him twa92 &1 9 ! o!r1 to endure pati5tly ev5 f>!r spoliation &1 let him h 7my7 cloak also4 ,9 ^! cases1 also1 d we see ! falsity ( y\r rule--& none ! less cle>ly1 because ! relations 9 "q are ( brief duration4 ,be=e conclud+ my rem>ks on ?is topic1 let me say1 t y\r doctr9e1 t ,god has prescrib$ no rules = ! behavi\r ( p]sons 9 any o!r ?an ! j relations ( life1 reflects no honor on ,8 compassion4 ,:y1 ev5 we cut-?roat abolitioni/s are n s h>d-he>t$ z to ov]look ! subjects ( a relation1 because x is wick$4 ,pity+1 z we d1 our poor color$ bre?r51 :o are =c$ into a wick$ relation1 :i*1 by its v nature & t]ms1 & n by its abuses1 z y w\ld say1 has robb$ !m ( _! all--ev5 we w\ld1 nev]!less1 tell !m to resi/ n evil--to be ob$i5t unto _! own ma/]s--n purlo9+1 b %[+ all good fidelity4 ,we w\ld tell !m1 z ,god told ! captive ,jews1 to seek ! peace ( ^?1 :i!r !y are c>ri$ away captives1 & to pray unto ! ,"l = !m3 & our hope ( _! emancipation is n1 z x is mo/ sl&]\sly & wick$ly report$ to be1 9 _! delug+ ! ,s\? ) blood3 b1 x is1 to use aga9 ^? sweet words ( inspiration1 t 9 ! peace !re( !y %all h peace4 ,we d n communicate ) ! slave2 b1 if we did1 we w\ld tea* him1 t our hope ( 8 lib]ation is gr\nd$ l>gely 9 8 pati5ce1 & t1 if he w\ld h u drop 8 cause f our h&s1 he has b to take x into 8 own1 & attempt to accompli% by viol5ce1 t :i* we seek to effect ?r\gh ! p[] ( tru? & love on ! und]/&+ & he>t ( 8 ma/]4 ,hav+ dispos$ ( y\r reasons 9 favor ( ! rightfulness ( ! relation ( slavehold] & slave1 ,i w (f] a few reasons = believ+ t x is n rightful4 #a/4 ,my /ronge/ reason is1 t ! great & compreh5sive pr9ciples1 & ! :ole g5ius & _s ( ,*ri/ianity1 are oppos$ to slav]y4 #b;d4 ,9 ! case ( ,ph>oah & 8 ,jewi% slaves1 ,god manife/$ 8 abhorr5ce ( ! relation ( slav]y4 ,! fact t ! slav]y 9 ?is case 0 political1 in/ead ( dome/ic1 &1 !re=e1 ( a mild] type ?an t ( ,s\!rn slav]y1 does n =bid my reason+ f ! "o =m to ! o!r4 ,inde$1 if ,i may receive y\r decl>ation on ?is po9t1 = ! tru?1 ,i ne$ n admit t ! type ( ! slav]y 9 "q is mild] ?an t ( ,s\!rn slav]y2--= y say1 t _! 7! ,jews7 condition 0 t ( ! mo/ abject bondage or slav]y4 ,b ! supposition t x is mild]1 be+ all[$ to be correct1 w\ld only prove1 t ,god's abhorr5ce ( ,s\!rn bondage z mu* exce$s t :i* he express$ ( ,egyptian bondage1 z ! "o sy/em is m full ?an ! o!r ( oppression & cruelty4 ,we le>n f ! ,bible1 t x 0 n because ( ! abuses ( ! ,egyptian sy/em ( bondage1 b1 because ( its s9ful nature1 t ,god requir$ its abolition4 ,he did n comm& ,ph>aoh to cease f ! abuses ( ! sy/em1 & to correct 8 adm9i/ration ( x1 b to cease f ! sy/em itself4 ,i h he>d1 says ,god1 ! groan+ ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 :om ! ,egyptians keep 9 bondage2--n :om ! ,egyptians1 avail+ !mselves ( _! absolute p[]1 compel to make brick )\t /raw1 & seek to wa/e & ext]m9ate by ! murd] ( _! infant *ildr52--b simply :om ! ,egyptians keep 9 bondage4 ,^! h>d%ips & outrages 7 b ! leaves & bran*es4 ,! root ( ! abom9ation 0 ! bondage itself1 ! ass]tion ( absolute & slavehold+ p[] by a new k+ ov] ,egypt1 :i* knew n ,joseph4 ,9 ! next v]se ,god says3 ,i w rid y--n only f ! burd5s & abuses1 z y w\ld say1 ( bondage1--b out ( _! 7! ,egyptians7 bondage itself--out ( ! relation 9 :i* ! ,egyptians oppressively & wick$ly hold y4 ,god s5ds _m messages to ,ph>aoh4 ,9 no "o ( !m does ,he reprove him = ! abuses ( ! relation into :i* he _h =c$ ! ,jews4 ,9 no "o ( !m is he call$ on to correct ! evils :i* _h gr[n out ( t relation4 ,b1 9 e "o1 does ,god g to ! root ( ! evil1 & comm& ,ph>aoh1 let my p g--let my p g1 t !y may s]ve me4 ,! abolitioni/ is reproa*fully call$ an ultrai/ & an imm$iati/4 ,x seems t ,god 0 bo?1 :5 deal+ ) ?is royal slavehold]3--= ,he comm&$ ,ph>aoh1 n to mitigate ! bondage ( ! ,israelites1 b to deliv] !m f x--& t1 too1 imm$iately4 ,! sy/em ( slav]y is wick$ 9 ,god's sight1 &1 !re=e1 did ,he require ( ,ph>aoh its imm$iate ab&onm5t4 ,! phrase1 let my p g1 t !y may s]ve me1 %[s mo/ /rik+ly "o feature ( resemblance betwe5 ,egyptian & ,am]ican slav]y4 ,egyptian slav]y did n all[ its subjects to s]ve ,god1 nei!r does ,am]ican4 ,! ,egyptian ma/] /ood betwe5 8 slave & _! ,god3 & h[ /rik+ly & awfully true is x1 t ! ,am]ican ma/] occupies ! l position6 ,n only is ! !ory ( slav]y1 ! _w ov]1 9 ! face ( ,god's decl>ation2 all s\ls are m9e3 b ,am]ican slavehold]s h br\ght its practical "* to respond s fully to its !ory--!y h succe$$1 s well1 9 exclud+ ! light & k ( ,god f ! m9ds ( _! slaves--t !y laugh at ,8 claim to all s\ls4 #c;d4 ,paul1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s to ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur*1 tells s]vants--say slaves1 to suit y\r views--if !y may be free1 to pref] fre$om to bondage4 ,b if x be ! duty ( slaves to pref] fre$om to bondage1 h[ cle>ly is x ! correlative duty ( ! ma/] to grant x to him6 ,y int]pret ! ,apo/le's language1 9 ?is case1 z ,i d2 & x is n a little surpris+1 t1 ) y\r int]pretation ( x1 y c /ill advocate slav]y4 ,y admit1 t ,paul says--,i use y\r own words--a /ate ( fre$om1 on ! :ole1 is ! be/4 ,n[1 x seems to me1 t ?is admission leaves y )\t excuse1 = def5d+ slav]y4 ,y h virtually yield$ ! gr\nd4 ,& ?is admission is especially fatal to y\r /r5u\s endeavors to class ! relation ( ma/] & slave ) ! confess$ly prop] relations ( life1 & to %[ t1 l ^!1 x is approv$ ( ,god4 ,w\ld ,paul say to ! *ild1 a /ate ( fre$om f p>5tal gov]nm5t on ! :ole is ! be/8 ,w\ld he say to ! wife1 a /ate ( fre$om f y\r conjugal bonds on ! :ole is ! be/8 ,w\ld he say to ! *ild & wife1 9 respect to ?is fre$om1 use x r8 ,w\ld he be ?us guilty ( attempt+ to annihilate ! family relation8 ,does any "o wond]1 t ! ,apo/le did n use /rong] language1 9 advis+ to a *oice & enjoym5t ( fre$om8 ,x is simil> to t :i* a pi\s1 intellig5t1 & prud5t abolitioni/ w\ld n[ use "u ! l circum/ances4 ,paul 0 endeavor+ to make ! slave cont5t$ ) 8 h>d lot1 & to %[ him h[ unimportant is p]sonal lib]ty1 comp>$ ) lib]ation f spiritual bondage3 & ?is expla9s :y x is1 t he spoke s briefly & mod]ately ( ! advantages ( lib]ty4 ,8 advice to ! slave to accept ! boon ( fre$om1 0 a purely incid5tal rem>k3 & we _c inf] f x1 h[ great /ress he w\ld h laid on ! evils ( slav]y1 & on ! bless+s ( lib]ty1 9 a disc\rse treat+ directly & ma9ly ( ^? subjects4 ,:at ,i h previ\sly said1 h[ev]1 %[s t x w\ld1 probably1 h be5 9 va91 & worse ?an 9 va91 = him to h come out1 on any occasion :atev]1 ) an exposition ( ! evils ( slav]y4 ,on ! ?irty-second page ( y\r book1 y say1 ,ma/]s _c1 accord+ to ! comm& ( ,*ri/1 r5d] to _! slaves t :i* is j & equal1 if y aboli% ! relation2 =1 !n !y w cease to be ma/]s4 ,aboli% any ( ! relations = :i* regulations are provid$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 &1 9 effect1 y aboli% "s ( ! laws ( ,*ri/4 ,b1 we h j se5 t ,paul 0 9 favor ( aboli%+ ! relation ( ma/] & slave2 :i*1 z y insi/1 is a relation = :i* regulations are provid$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is1 !re=e1 irresi/ibly d$uc$ f y\r own premises1 t he 0 9 favor ( aboli%+ ! laws ( ,*ri/4 ,x w\ld require b little1 if any1 ext5sion ( y\r doctr9e1 to make x wrong to remove all ! grav5 images out ( a nation4 ,=1 9 t ev5t1 ! law ( ,god aga9/ b[+ d[n to !m w\ld h no?+ left to act ^u4 ,x w\ld !nce=? be inop]ative4 #d?4 ,ano!r reason = believ+1 t ! ,apo/les did n approve ( ! slav]y modification ( s]vitude1 is f\nd 9 ,paul's injunction2 ,rememb] !m t are 9 bonds z b\nd ) !m4 ,i admit1 t x is probable t o!rs z well z slaves1 are ref]r$ to 9 ?is injunction3 b x c]ta9ly is n probable1 t o!rs1 to ! exclusion ( slaves1 are ref]r$ to4 ,b1 ev5 on ! supposition t slaves are n ref]r$ to1 b ^? only :o are t5ants ( prisons1 let me ask y :i* y w\ld r be--a slave or a prison]1 z ,paul probably 0 :5 he wrote ?is injunction8--& :e!r y\r own description ( ! wret*$ condition ( ! ,roman slave1 does n prep>e y to agree ) me1 t if ! ,apo/le c\ld ask sympa?y = ! prison]1 :o1 ) all 8 deprivations1 has /ill ! protection ( law1 x is n mu* m due to ! poor slave1 :o has no protection :atev] aga9/ lawless tyranny & caprice6 ,b to proce$1 if slaves are ! only1 or ev5 a "p ( ! p]sons ref]r$ to 9 ! injunction1 !n y w obs]ve1 t ! ,apo/le does n call = ! ex]cise ( sympa?y t[>ds ^? :o are said to be suff]+ :at y call ! abuses ( slav]y2 b t[>ds ^? :o are s unhappy z to be b ! subjects ( x--t[>ds ^? :o are 9 bonds4 ,! b>e relation ( a slave is itself s griev\s1 z to call = compassion t[>ds ^? :o be> x4 ,n[1 if ?is relation 7 to be class$ ) ! approv$ relations ( life1 :y %\ld ! ,apo/le h und]tak5 to awak5 compassion = p]sons1 simply because !y 7 ! subject1 ( x8 ,he nev] ask$ = sympa?y = p]sons1 simply because !y 7 p>ties to ! relations ( husb& & wife1 p>5t & *ild4 ,x may be wor?y ( notice1 t ! injunction "u consid]ation is f\nd 9 ,paul's lett] to ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians4 ,?is attempt to awak5 pity 9 behalf ( ! slave1 & to produce abhorr5ce ( slav]y1 0 made ^u ^!1 & n ^u ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians2 because1 p]haps1 t !y1 :o _h always possess$ ! ,oracles ( ,god1 c\ld be> x2 & !y :o _h j come up out ( ! mire ( hea!nism1 c\ld n4 ,if ?is explanation be j1 x en=ces my argum5t = ascrib+ to causes1 o!r ?an ! alleg$ s9fulness ( ! in/itution1 ! ,apo/le's omission to utt] specific rebukes ( slav]y4 #e?4 ,ano!r reason = believ+ t ! slav]y modification ( s]vitude %\ld n be class$ ) ! confess$ly prop] relations ) :i* y class x1 is ! conclusive "o1 t x int]f]es )1 & t5ds to subv]t1 & does actually subv]t1 ^! relations4 ,! ,apo/les prescribe duties1 :i* are necess>y to su/a9 ^! relations1 & make !m fruitful s\rces ( happ9ess to ! p>ties to !m4 ,among ^! duties are ! foll[+3 ,wives1 submit y\rselves to y\r own husb&s1 z x is fit 9 ! ,"l--,*ildr51 obey y\r p>5ts--,husb&s1 dwell ) !m 7y\r wives74 ,b slav]y1 :]e x does n make ob$i5ce to ^! comm&s utt]ly impossible1 conditions x on ! p]mission ( usurp]s1 :o h presum$ to /ep betwe5 ! laws ( ,god & ^? on :om !y are int5d$ to be>4 ,slav]y1 n ! law ( ,god1 practically det]m9es :e!r husb&s %all dwell ) _! wives3 & an am\nt ( angui%1 :i* ,god alone c compute1 te/ifies t slav]y has ?us det]m9$1 times )\t numb]1 t husb&s %all n dwell ) _! wives4 ,a di/+ui%$ g5tleman1 :o has be5 mu* at ! ,s\?1 is sp5d+ a little "t 9 my family4 ,he told me b ?is day1 t he _h frequ5tly kn[n ! air fill$ ) %rieks ( angui% = a :ole mile ar\nd ! spot1 :]e1 "u ! hamm] ( ! auctione]1 ! memb]s ( a family 7 und]go+ an endless sep>ation f ea* o!r4 ,x 0 b la/ week1 t a poor fugitive rea*$ a family1 9 :i* ,god's comm&s1 ,hide ! outca/s1 betray n him t w&]e?--,hide n ?yself f ?y own fle%--are n a dead lett]4 ,! heavie/ burd5 ( 8 he>t is1 t he has n se5 8 wife = five ye>s1 & does n expect to see h] aga93 8 ma/]1 9 ,virg9ia1 hav+ sold him to a ,georgian1 & 8 wife to an inhabitant ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,:il/ ! law ( ,god requires wives to submit !mselves to _! husb&s1 z x is fit 9 ! ,"l2 ! law ( slav]y comm&s !m1 "u ! mo/ t]rific p5alties1 to submit to e conceivable =m ( viol5ce1 & ! mo/ loa?some pollution1 z x is fit 9 ! eyes ( slavehold]s--no small proportion ( :om are1 z a mo/ natural fruit ( slav]y1 ab&on$ to brutality & lu/4 ,! laws ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia make x an (f5ce puni%able ) dea?1 if any slave %all presume to /rike a :ite p]son4 ,by ! laws ( ,m>yl& & ,k5tucky1 x is enact$ if any negro1 mulatto1 or ,indian1 bond or free1 %all1 at any "t1 lift 8 or h] h& 9 opposition to any p]son1 n be+ a negro or ,indian1 he or %e %all1 9 ! fir/-m5tion$ ,/ate1 suff] ! p5alty ( cropp$ e>s2 &1 9 ! o!r1 ?irty-n9e la%es on 8 or h] b>e back1 well laid on1 by ord] ( ! ju/ice4 ,9 ,l\isiana !re is a law--= ! enactm5t ( :i*1 slav]y is1 ( c\rse1 responsible--9 ^! words3 ,free p ( color ought nev] to insult or /rike :ite p1 nor presume to conceive !mselves equal to ! :ites3 b1 on ! contr>y1 !y ought to yield to !m on e occasion1 & nev] speak or answ] !m b ) respect1 "u ! p5alty ( imprisonm5t1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! (f5ce4 ,! foll[+ extract ( a lett]1 writt5 to me f ! ,s\?1 by a g5tleman :o /ill resides !re1 s]ves to %[ h[ true x is1 t on e occasion1 ! color$ p]son mu/ yield to ! :ite1 &1 especially1 if ! :ite be clo!d ) ! au?ority ( an ambassador ( ,*ri/4 ,a negro 0 execut$ 9 ,autauga ,co41 n long s9ce1 = ! murd] ( 8 ma/]4 ,! latt]1 x seems1 attempt$ to violate ! wife ( 8 slave 9 8 pres5ce1 :5 ! negro enrag$1 smote ! wret* to ! gr\nd4 ,& ?is ma/]--?is brute--?is fi5d--0 a prea*] ( ! gospel1 9 regul> /&+6 ,9 a =m] "p ( ?is communication1 ,i said en\gh to %[1 t slav]y prev5ts *ildr5 f comply+ ) ! comm& to obey _! p>5ts4 ,b1 9 reply to :at ,i h said ( ^! outrages on ! rights ( husb&s & wives1 p>5ts & *ildr51 y ma9ta91 t !y are no "p ( ! sy/em ( slav]y4 ,slavehold]s1 h[ev]1 be+ !mselves judges1 !y are a "p ( x1 or1 at lea/1 are necess>y to uphold x2 else !y w\ld n by delib]ate1 solemn legislation1 au?orize !m4 ,b1 be ?is z x may1 x is abundantly prov51 t slav]y is1 ess5tially & inevitably1 at w> ) ! sacr$ rights ( ! family /ate4 ,let me say1 !n1 9 conclusion "u ?is head1 t 9 :atev] o!r company y put slav]y1 place x n 9 t ( ! j relations ( husb& & wife1 p>5t & *ild4 ,!y c no m company ) ea* o!r1 ?an c fire ) wat]4 ,_! natures are n only totally opposite to1 b de/ructive (1 ea* o!r4 #f?4 ,! laws1 to :i* y ref] on ! sixty-eigh? page ( y\r book1 t5d to prove1 &1 s f> z y\r admission ( ! necessity ( !m goes1 d prove1 t ! relation ( slavehold] & slave does n des]ve a place1 9 ! class ( innoc5t & prop] relations4 ,y !re say1 t ! writ+s ( su* great & good m5 z ,wesley1 ,edw>ds1 ,porteus1 ,paley1 ,horsley1 ,scott1 ,cl>k1 ,wilb]=ce1 ,%>p1 ,cl>kson1 ,fox1 ,johnson1 & a ho/ ( z good if n equally great1 m5 ( lat] date1 h made x necess>y = ! safety ( ! in/itution ( slav]y1 to pass laws1 =bidd+ millions ( our c\ntrym5 to read4 ,y %\ld h1 also1 m5tion$ ! horrid sanctions ( ^! laws--/ripes1 imprisonm5t1 & dea?4 ,n[1 ^! laws disable ! p]sons on :om !y be>1 f fulfill+ ,god's comm&m5ts1 &1 especially1 ,8 comm&m5t to se>* ! ,scriptures4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 wick$4 ,:at !n1 9 its moral "*1 mu/ be a relation1 :i*1 to su/a9 x1 requires ! aid ( wick$ laws8--&1 h[ entirely out ( place mu/ x be1 :5 y class x ) ^? j relations ( life1 t1 c]ta9ly1 require none ( ! support1 :i*1 y admit1 is indisp5sable to ! pres]vation ( ! relation ( slavehold] & slave6 ,x is true1 t y attempt to ju/ify ! enactm5t ( ! laws 9 "q1 by ! occasions :i* y say l$ to x4 ,b1 e law =bidd+ :at ,god requires1 is a wick$ law--"u :atev] pretexts1 or = :atev] purposes1 x may h be5 enact$4 ,let ! occasions :i* lead to a wick$ measure be :at !y may1 ! wick$ness ( ! measure is /ill suffici5t to condemn x4 ,9 ! case be=e u1 we see h[ diff]5tly diff]5t p]sons are affect$ by ! same fact4 ,:il/ ! /& tak5 aga9/ slav]y by ,wesley1 ,edw>ds1 & ! o!r *oice spirits y enum]ate1 s]ves b to inspire y ) conc]n = its safety1 x w\ld1 ( itself1 & )\t kn[+ _! reasons = x1 be well nigh en\gh to de/roy my confid5ce 9 ! in/itution4 ,let me ask y1 ,sir1 :e!r x w\ld n be m reasonable = ^?1 :o are s indu/ri\sly engag$ 9 insulat+ ! sy/em ( ,am]ican slav]y1 & %r\d+ x ) d>kness1 to f9d less fault ) ! bright & burn+ light :i* ! writ+s ( ! wise/ & be/ m5 p\r ^u x1 & m ) ! sy/em :i* hate? ! light1 nei!r come? to ! light4 ,y w\ld h y\r read]s believe1 t ! bless+s ( education are to be )held f y\r slaves--only until ! /orm %all be ov]bl[n1 & t y hope t ,satan's be+ let loose w be b = a little season4 ,i say no?+ m ab\t ! la/ expression1 ?an t ,i mo/ s9c]ely desire y may p5it5tly regret hav+ attribut$ ! pres5t holy excitem5t aga9/ slav]y to ! influ5ces ( ,satan4 ,by ! /orm y1 d\btless1 mean ! excitem5t produc$ by ! publications & ef=ts ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,n[1 ,i w n suppose t y meant to deceive y\r read]s on ?is po9t4 ,y are1 nev]!less1 inexcusable = us+ language s /rik+ly calculat$ to lead !m into error4 ,x is n yet ?ree ye>s s9ce t ,society 0 organiz$3 b ! /atute books ( "s ( ! slave ,/ates conta9 laws1 =bidd+ ! in/ruction ( slaves 9 read+1 :i* 7 enact$ long be=e y & ,i 7 born4 ,z long ago z ! ye> #agdj1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a pass$ a law1 =bidd+ to tea* slaves to write4 ,georgia did s 9 #aggj4 ,9 ! ye> #ahjj1 ?irty-?ree ye>s be=e ! /orm ( ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society began to bl[1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a pass$ a law1 =bidd+ assemblies ( slaves1 free negroes1 c41 = ! purpose ( m5tal in/ruction4 ,9 ! ,revis$ ,code ( ,virg9ia ( #ahai1 is a law simil> to t la/ m5tion$4 ,9 ! ye> #ahah1 ! city ( ,savannah =bade by an ord9ance1 ! in/ruction ( all p]sons ( color1 ei!r free or bond1 9 read+ & writ+4 ,i ne$ n specify any m ( ^! man-cru%+1 s\l-kill+1 ,god-defy+ laws2--nor ne$ ,i ref] aga9 to ! %ock+ p5alties annex$ to ! violation ( mo/ ( !m4 ,i conclude my rem>ks "u ?is head1 ) ! advice1 t1 9 ! next edition ( y\r book1 y d n assign ! anti-slav]y excitem5t1 :i* is n[ spread+ ov] our l&1 z ! occasion ( ! passage ( ! laws 9 "q4 #g?4 ,! only o!r reason ,i w m5tion = believ+1 t ! slav]y modification ( s]vitude is n approv$ ( ,god1 is1 t x has nev] be5 kn[n to "w well--nev] be5 kn[n to promote man's happ9ess or ,god's glory4 ,wick$ness & wret*$ness are1 s uni=mly1 ! product ( slav]y1 t !y mu/ be look$ ^u1 n z its abuses1 b z its legitimate fruits4 ,:il/ all admit1 t ! relations ( ! family /ate are1 not)/&+ _! frequ5t p]v]sions1 full ( bless+s to ! _w2 & t1 b = !m1 ! _w w\ld be no?+ bett] ?an "o sc5e ( pollution & wo2--to :at hi/ory ( slav]y w y ref] me1 = pro( ( its b5efic5t op]ation8 ,w x be to ! ,bible hi/ory ( ,egyptian slav]y8 ,no--= t in=ms u ( ! exce$+ wick$ness & wret*$ness ( ,egyptian slav]y4 ,w x be to ! hi/ory ( ,greek & ,roman slav]y8 ,no--= y\r own book ackn[l$ges its unutt]able horrors & abom9ations4 ,w y ref] me to ! hi/ory ( ! ,we/ ,indies = pro(s ( ! happy fruits ( slav]y8 ,n until ! e>? is no m1 w its pollut$ & bloody pages cease to te/ify aga9/ slav]y4 ,&1 :5 we h come d[n to ,am]ican slav]y1 y w n ev5 op5 ! book :i* records su* facts1 z t its subjects are =bidd5 to be jo9$ 9 w$lock1 & to read ! ,bible4 ,no--y w n presume to look = a s+le evid5ce ( ! b5ign influ5ces ( a sy/em1 :]e1 by ! admission ( y\r own ecclesia/ical bodies1 x has turn$ millions ( m5 into hea!n4 ,i say no?+ n[ ( y\r beautiful & h>mless !ories ( slav]y3--b ?is ,i say1 t :5 y look ^u slav]y z x has exi/$1 or n[ exi/s1 ei!r amid/ ! d>kness ( ,mahomm$anism or ! light ( ,*ri/ianity1 y d>e n1 z y hope = ! ,div9e favor1 say t x is a ,heav5-desc5d$ in/itution2 & t1 not)/&+ x is l ,ezekiel's roll1 writt5 )9 & )\t ) lam5tations & m\rn+ & wo1 x1 nev]!less1 be>s ! m>k ( be+ a boon f ,god to man4 ,hav+ dispos$ ( y\r /rong reasons = ! position1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t au?orizes slav]y1 ,i proce$ to consid] y\r rema9+ reasons = x4 ,because x does n appe>1 t our ,savi\r & ! ,apo/le ,pet] told c]ta9 c5turions1 :o1 = ! sake ( ! argum5t1 ,i w admit 7 slavehold]s1 t slavehold+ is s9ful1 y argue1 & mo/ confid5tly too1 t x is n s9ful4 ,b1 x does n appe>1 t ! ,savi\r & ! ,apo/le *>g$ any s9ful practices ^u !m4 ,!n1 by y\r logic1 all _! o!r practices1 z well z _! slavehold+1 7 innoc5t1 & ^! ,roman soldi]s 7 lit]ally p]fect4--,aga92 h[ d y "k t ! ,savi\r & ! ,apo/le did n tell !m1 on ! occasion y ref] to1 t !y 7 s9n]s = be+ slavehold]s8 ,! fact1 t ! ,bible does n in=m u t !y told !m s1 does n prove t !y did n2 mu* less does x prove1 t !y did n tell !m s subsequ5tly to _! fir/ int]view ) !m4 ,& aga91 ! admission t !y did n specifically attack slav]y1 at any ( _! int]views ) ! c5turions1 or on any o!r occasions :atev]1 w\ld n ju/ify ! inf]5ce1 t x is s9less4 ,i ne$ n repeat ! reason+ :i* makes ! tru? ( ?is rem>k app>5t4 ,y ref] to ! ,savi\r's decl>ation ( ! unequal$ fai? ( "o ( ^! c5turions1 ) ! view ( mak+ x appe> t a p]son ( s great fai? c\ld n be a great s9n]4 ,b1 h[ long _h he ex]cis$ ?is1 or1 inde$1 any ,*ri/ian fai?8 ,t he 0 on good t]ms ) ! ,jews1 & _h built !m a synagogue1 is q z /rong evid5ce1 t he _h n1 z t he _h1 previ\sly to t "t1 believ$ 9 ,jesus3--&1 if he _h n1 !n 8 fai?1 h[ev] /rong1 & 8 conv]sion1 h[ev] decid$1 are no?+ t[>ds prov+ t slav]y is s9less4 ,x is evid5t1 t ! ,apo/le 0 s5t to ,cornelius = ! s+le purpose ( inculcat+ ! doctr9e ( ! remission ( s91 ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,i proce$ to exam9e ano!r ( y\r argum5ts4 ,f ,paul's decl>ation to ! ,eld]s at ,miletus1 ,i h n %unn$ to decl>e unto y all ! c\nsel ( ,god1 tak5 9 connexion ) ! fact1 t ! ,bible does n in=m u t he spoke to !m ( slavehold+1 y confid5tly & exult+ly inf] t x is innoc5t4 ,"h1 aga91 y prove too mu*1 & !re=e1 prove no?+4 ,x does n appe> t he specifi$ a hundr$? "p ( _! duties4 ,if he did n tell !m to ab/a9 f slavehold+1 nei!r did he tell !m to ab/a9 f games & !atres4 ,b1 8 sil5ce ab\t slavehold+ proves to y\r m9d its s9lessness3 equally !n %\ld 8 sil5ce ab\t games & !atres satisfy y ( _! innoc5ce4 ,two radical errors run ?r\gh a great "p ( y\r book4 ,!y are1 t ! ,apo/le gave specific in/ructions conc]n+ all duties1 & t ! ,bible conta9s ^! in/ructions4 ,b1 = ^! errors1 y\r book w\ld be f> less objectionable ?an x is4 ,i might1 p]haps1 r say1 t b = ^!1 y c\ld n h made up y\r book4 ,& n[1 s9ce ,paul's address to ! ,eld]s has be5 employ$ by y 9 behalf ( slav]y1 all[ me to try its virtue aga9/ slav]y3 &1 if x %\ld turn out t y are sla9 ) y\r own weapon1 x w n be ! fir/ "t t tem]ity has met ) su* a fate4 ,i admit1 t ! ,apo/le does n tell ! ,eld]s ( any wrong ?+ :i* !y _h done2 b !re are "s wrong ?+s f :i* he _h himself ab/a9$1 & "s "r ?+s :i* he _h himself done1 ( :i* he does tell !m4 ,he tells !m1 = in/ance1 t he _h n be5 guilty ( covet+ :at 0 ano!r's1 & also1 t ) 8 own h&s he _h m9i/]$ to 8 own necessities & ^? ( o!rs3 & he fur!r tells !m1 t !y ought to copy 8 example1 & labor1 z he _h done1 to support ! weak4 ,?9k y1 sir1 f ?is language t ,paul 0 a slavehold]--&1 t 8 example 0 su*1 z to keep lazy1 luxuri\s slavehold]s 9 c\nt5ance8 ,! slavehold] is guilty ( covet+1 n only all a man has1 b ev5 ! man himself4 ,! slavehold] w n only n labor ) 8 h&s to supply ! wants ( o!rs1 & to support ! weak2 b he makes o!rs labor to supply 8 wants3--yes1 makes !m labor unpaid--night & day--9 /orm1 z well z 9 sun%9e--"u ! la%--ble$+--groan+--dy+--& all ?is1 n to m9i/] to 8 actual ne$s1 b to 8 luxuri\sness & s5suality4 ,y ridicule ! idea ( ! abolition ( slav]y1 because x w\ld make ! slavehold] s poor1 z to oblige him to take hold ( ! maul & w$ge himself--he mu/ cat*1 curry1 & saddle 8 own horse--he mu/ black 8 own brogans 7= he w n be able to buy boots7--8 wife mu/ g h]self to ! wa%-tub--take hold ( ! scrubb+ broom1 wa% ! pots1 & cook all t %e & h] rail-maul] w eat4 ,if ,paul 71 z y judge he 01 oppos$ to ! abolition ( slav]y1 x is at lea/ c]ta91 f :at he says ( ! "* ( 8 life 9 8 address to ! ,eld]s1 t 8 opposition did n spr+ f su* consid]ations z array y aga9/ x4 ,9 8 e/imation1 manual labor 0 honorable4 ,9 a slavehold+ community1 x is degrad+4 ,x is s 9 y\r own judgm5t1 or y w\ld n hold up to ridicule ^? humble employm5ts1 :i* reflect disgrace1 only :]e ! moral atmosph]e is ta9t$ by slav]y4 ,t ! p]nici\s influ5ces ( slav]y 9 ?is respect are felt m or less1 9 e "p ( ?is guilty nation1 is b too true4 ,i put x to y\r c&or1 sir1 :e!r ! obvi\s fact1 t slav]y makes ! hone/ labor ( ! h&s disreputable1 is n a weighty argum5t aga9/ ! supposition t ,god approves x8 ,i put x to y\r c&or1 sir1 :e!r ! fact1 :i* y1 at lea/1 _c ga9-say1 t slav]y makes ev5 m9i/]s ( ! gospel despise ! employm5ts ( sev5-eigh?s ( ! human family1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! humble classes1 :o labor 9 !m--,i put x to y\r c&or1 :e!r ! in/itution1 :i* bre$s su* contempt ( y\r fell[-m5 & fell[ ,*ri/ians1 mu/ n be (f5sive to ,him1 :o comm&s u to ,honor all m51 & love ! bro!rhood8 ,9 ano!r argum5t1 y attempt to %[1 t ,paul's lett] to ,philemon ju/ifies slavehold+1 & also ! appreh5sion & return ( fugitive slaves4 ,aft] hav+ recit$ ! ,resolution ( ! ,*ilico! ,presbyt]y--t to appreh5d a slave :o is endeavor+ to escape f slav]y1 ) a view to re/ore him to 8 ma/]1 is a direct violation ( ! ,div9e law1 &1 :5 committ$ by a memb] ( ! *ur*1 ought to subject him to c5sure--y und]take to make y\r read]s believe1 t ,paul's s5d+ ,onesimus to ,philemon1 is a case com+ fairly )9 ! purview ( ! resolution4 ,let u see if x does4 ,a man by ! "n ( ,onesimus 0 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity1 "u ,paul's m9i/ry at ,rome4 ,paul le>nt t he _h =m]ly be5 a s]vant--say a slave--( ,philemon1 :o 0 a de>ly belov$ ,*ri/ian3 & believ+ t 8 return to 8 old ma/] w\ld promote ! cause ( ,*ri/1 & beautifully exemplify its p[]1 he advis$ him to return to him4 ,he foll[$ ! ,apo/le's advice & return$4 ,n[1 f ?is example1 y attempt to d]ive a ju/ification = a memb] ( a ,*ur* to be engag$ 9 =cibly appreh5d+ & re/or+ fugitive slaves4 ,i say =cibly--z ! appreh5sion & return1 ref]r$ to 9 ! ,resolution1 are cle>ly =cible4 ,i _c refra91 sir1 f say+1 t y greatly wrong ! memory ( t bless$ ,apo/le ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 9 con/ru+ 8 writ+s to au?orize su* viol5ce ^u ! p]sons & rights ( m54 ,& greatly1 also1 d y wrong ! ,resolution 9 "q1 by y\r endeavor to array ! ,bible aga9/ x4 ,! ,resolution is "r2 x is noble--x d5otes 9 ! s\rce :5ce x emanat$1 a prop] s5se ( ! rights & dignity ( man4 ,x is all ! bett] = be+ m>k$ ) an honorable contempt ( wick$ & heav5-d>+ laws4 ,may ,i1 hav+ ! suspicion1 or ev5 ! c]ta9 k1 t my fell[ man 0 once held 9 slav]y1 & is /ill legally a slave1 seize ^u him & r$uce him aga9 to slav]y8 ,may ,i ?us deal ) a guiltless & unaccus$ bro!r8 ,human laws may1 x is true1 be> me out 9 ?is man-/eal+1 :i* is n less flagrant ?an t committ$ on ! coa/ ( ,africa3--b1 says ! ,great ,law-giv]1 ,! ^w t ,i h spok51 ! same %all judge him 9 ! la/ day3--&1 x is a "p ( ?is ^w1 t he t /eale? a man %all surely be put to dea?4 ,9 t la/ day1 ! mayors1 record]s1 %]iffs1 & o!rs1 :o h be5 engag$1 :e!r 9 _! (ficial or individual capacity1 9 slave-cat*+ & man-/eal+1 w f9d human laws b a flimsy protection aga9/ ! wra? ( ,him1 :o judges 8 creatures by 8 own & n by human laws4 ,9 t la/ day1 all :o h _h a "p1 & h n rep5t$ ( x1 9 ! s9 ( treat+ man z prop]ty2 all1 ,i say1 :e!r slavehold]s or _! (ficial or un(ficial assi/ants1 ! driv]s ^u _! plantations1 or _! driv]s 9 ! free ,/ates--all1 :o h be5 guilty ( ?r[+ ,god's image into ! same class ) ! brutes ( ! field--w f9d1 t ,he is ! av5g] ( 8 poore/1 meane/ ones--& t ! crime ( transmut+ ,8 image into prop]ty1 is b aggravat$ by ! fact & ! plea t x 0 committ$ "u ! sanction ( human laws4 ,b1 to return--:]e9 does ! lett] ( ,paul to ,philemon ju/ify slavehold+8 ,:at evid5ce does x conta91 t ,philemon 0 a slavehold] at ! "t x 0 writt58 ,he1 :o _h be5 8 slave 9 "t pa/1 _h1 v probably1 escap$ be=e ,philemon's conv]sion to ,*ri/4 ,?is "t pa/1 may h be5 a long "t pa/4 ,! ^w 9 ! orig9al1 :i* is translat$ 9 "t pa/1 does n =bid ! supposition4 ,inde$1 x is ! same ^w1 :i* ! ,apo/le uses 9 ! ?irte5? v]se ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,galatians2 & !re x d5otes a long "t pa/--z mu* z f fifte5 to eighte5 ye>s4 ,besides1 ,onesimus' escape & return bo? favor ! supposition1 t x 0 betwe5 ! two ev5ts t ,philemon's conv]sion took place4 ,on ! "o h&1 he fl$ to escape f ! cruelties ( an unconv]t$ ma/]2 on ! o!r1 he 0 enc\rag$ to foll[ ! ,apo/le's advice1 by ! consid]ation1 t on 8 return to ,philemon he %\ld n h to enc\nt] aga9 ! unreasonabl5ess & rage ( a hea!n1 b t he %\ld meet ) ! ju/ice & t5d]ness ( a ,*ri/ian--qualities1 ) ! exi/5ce & value ( :i*1 he _h n[ come to an exp]im5tal acqua9tance4 ,aga91 to %[ t ! lett] 9 "q does n ju/ify slavehold+--9 :at "* 0 x1 t ,paul s5t ,onesimus to ,philemon8 ,0 x 9 t ( a slave8 ,f> f x4 ,x 01 9 t ( a bro!r belov$1 z is evid5t f 8 injunction to ,philemon to receive him =ev]--n n[ z a slave1 b above a slave--a bro!r belov$4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t ,paul's message to ,philemon1 %[s1 n only t he himself 0 n 9 favor ( slavehold+1 b1 t he believ$ ! gospel _h wr\ght su* an entire *ange on ?is subject1 9 ! he>t ( ,philemon1 t ,onesimus w\ld f9d on 8 return to him1 ! tyrant & ! slavehold] sunk 9 ! bro!r & ! ,*ri/ian4 ,paul's c\rse 9 relation to ,onesimus 0 su*1 z an abolitioni/ w\ld deem x prop] to adopt1 "u ! l circum/ances4 ,if a fugitive slave1 :o _h become a de> *ild ( ,god1 7 ne> me1 &1 if ,i knew t 8 once cruel ma/] _h also become a de>ly belov$ ,*ri/ian2 & if1 !re=e1 ,i _h reason to believe1 z ,paul _h1 9 ! case ( ,philemon1 t he w\ld receive him =ev]--n n[ z a slave1 b above a slave1 a bro!r belov$1 ,i w\ld advise him to revisit 8 old ma/]1 provid$ he c\ld d s1 )\t int]f]5ce & viol5ce f o!rs4 ,su* int]f]5ce & viol5ce did n ?reat5 ,onesimus 9 8 return to ,philemon4 ,he 0 n 9 dang] ( be+ tak5 up1 imprison$1 & sold = 8 jail fees1 z a return+ ,onesimus w\ld be 9 p>ts ( ?is nation4 ,on ! #gb;d page ( y\r book1 y utt] s5tim5ts1 :i*1 ,i tru/1 all y\r read]s w agree1 are unwor?y ( a man1 a republican1 & a ,*ri/ian4 ,y !re endeavor aga9 to make x appe>1 t x is n ! relation ( ma/] & slave1 b only ! abuse ( x1 :i* is to be object$ to4--,y say3 ,indep5d5ce is a *>m+ idea1 especially to ,am]icans3 b :at gives x ! *>m8 ,is x ! ?+ 9 itself8 or is x because x is a release f ! control ( a bad ma/]8 ,_h ,great ,brita9 be5 a k9d ma/]1 our ance/ors 7 will+ to rema9 h] slaves4 ,9 reply to ?is ,i w\ld say1 t x mu/ be a base _s :i* does n prize indep5d5ce = its own sake1 :atev] privation & suff]+ may att5d x2 & mu* m base mu/ be t _s1 :i* c ex*ange t indep5d5ce = a /ate ( slavi% subjection--ev5 ?\gh t /ate ab\nd 9 all s5sual gratifications4 ,to talk ( a k9d ma/] is to talk ( a bless+ = a dog1 b n = a man1 :o is made to call no man ma/]4 ,7 ! p ( ?is nation l y\rself1 !y w\ld soon ex*ange _! blood-b\ght lib]ties = subjection to any despot :o w\ld promise !m en\gh to eat1 dr9k1 & we>4 ,b1 ,i tru/1 t we at ! ,nor? are made ( /]n] /uff4 ,!y1 :o make slaves ( o!rs1 c m easily become slaves !mselves3 =1 9 _! aggressions ^u o!rs1 !y h despis$ & trampl$ "u foot ^? great1 et]nal pr9ciples ( "r1 :i* n only con/itute ! bulw>k ( ! g5]al fre$om2 b 8 respect = :i* is indisp5sable to e man's valuation & protection ( 8 individual lib]ties4 ,?is tra9 ( ?\ght associates ) itself 9 my m9d1 ! foll[+ passage 9 an admirable spee* deliv]$ by ! celebrat$ ,william ,p9ckney1 9 ! ,m>yl& ,h\se ( ,delegates 9 #aghi4 ,su* a spee*1 made at ! pres5t "t 9 a slave ,/ate1 w\ld probably co/ ! life ( him :o %\ld make x2 nor c\ld x be deliv]$ 9 a free ,/ates at any less sacrifice1 c]ta9ly1 ?an t ( ! reputation ( ! orator4 ,:at a retrograde movem5t has lib]ty made 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! la/ fifty ye>s6 ,:il/ a majority ( y\r citiz5s are accu/om$ to rule ) ! au?ority ( despots1 )9 p>ticul> limits--:ile y\r y\?s are re>$ 9 ! habit ( ?9k+ t ! great rights ( human nature are n s sacr$1 b !y may ) innoc5ce be trampl$ on1 c x be expect$1 t ! public m9d %\ld gl[ ) t g5]\s ardor 9 ! cause ( fre$om1 :i* c alone save a gov]nm5t1 l ours1 f ! lurk+ demon ( usurpation8 ,d y n dread ! contam9ation ( pr9ciple8 ,h y no al>ms = ! cont9uance ( t _s1 :i* once conduct$ u to victory & indep5d5ce1 :5 ! talons ( p[] 7 unclasp$ = our de/ruction8 ,h y no appreh5sion left1 t :5 ! vot>ies ( fre$om sacrifice also at ! gloomy alt>s ( slav]y1 !y w1 at l5g?1 become apo/ates f !m = ev]8 ,= my own "p1 ,i h no hope1 t ! /ream ( g5]al lib]ty w fl[ = ev]1 unpollut$1 ?r\gh ! f\l mire ( p>tial bondage1 or t !y1 :o h be5 habituat$ to "l x ov] o!rs1 w n be base en\gh1 9 "t1 to let o!rs "l x ov] !m4 ,if !y resi/1 x w be ! /ruggle ( pride & selfi%ness1 n ( pr9ciple4 ,_h ,edmund ,burke kn[n slavehold]s z well z ,mr4 ,p9ckney knew !m1 he w\ld n h pron\nc$ 8 celebrat$ eulogium on _! love ( lib]ty2--he w\ld n h ascrib$ to !m any love ( lib]ty1 b ! spuri\s k9d :i* ! o!r orator1 impli$ly1 ascribes to !m--t :i* pride & selfi%ness beget & fo/]4 ,g5u9e love ( lib]ty1 z ,mr4 ,p9ckney cle>ly saw1 spr+s f pr9ciple1 & is f\nd no :]e b 9 ! he>ts ( ^? :o respect ! lib]ties & ! rights ( o!rs4 ,i _h reason1 9 a =m] "p ( ?is communication1 to *>ge "s ( ! s5tim5ts ( ,pr(essor ,hodge ) be+ alike reproa*ful to ! memory ( our fa!rs1 & p]nici\s to ! cause ( civil lib]ty4 ,!re are s5tim5ts on ! #gb;d page ( y\r book1 obnoxi\s to ! l *>ge4 ,if political indep5d5ce--if a free gov]nm5t--be ! poor ?+--! illusive image ( an ,am]ican bra9--:i* y sne]+ly repres5t x1 we owe little ?anks to ^? :o pur*as$ x = u1 ev5 ?\gh !y pur*as$ x ) _! blood2 & little pa9s ne$ we take 9 t case to pres]ve x4 ,:5 w ! p ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates see1 t ! doctr9es n[ put =? s indu/ri\sly to ma9ta9 slav]y1 are rapidly und]m9+ lib]ty8 ,on ! #dc;d page ( y\r book y also ev9ce y\r l[ e/imate ( man's rights & dues4 ,y !re say1 ! fact t ! plant]s ( ,mississippi & ,l\isiana1 ev5 :ile !y h to pay f tw5ty to tw5ty-five doll>s p] b>rel = pork ! pres5t season1 af=d to _! slaves f ?ree to f\r & a half p\nds p] week1 does n %[1 t !y are neglectful 9 r5d]+ to _! slaves t :i* is j & equal4 ,if m5 _h only an animal1 & n a spiritual & immortal nature also1 x might d = y to repres5t !m z well provid$ =1 if b pork en\gh 7 flung to !m4 ,h[ prepo/]\s to tell u1 t ,god approves a sy/em :i* br+s a man1 z slav]y seems to h br\ght y1 to reg>d 8 fell[ man z a m]e animal6 ,i am happy to f9d t y are n all wrong4 ,y are no graduali/4 ,y are n inconsi/5t1 l ^? :o admit t slav]y is s9ful1 & yet refuse to treat x z s9ful4 ,i hope our ,nor!rn graduali/s w pr(it by ! foll[+ passage 9 y\r book3 ,if ,i 7 conv9c$ by t ^w 7! ,bible7 t slav]y is itself a s91 ,i tru/ t1 let x co/ :at x w\ld1 ,i %\ld be an abolitioni/1 because !re is no tru?1 m cle> to my m9d1 ?an t ! gospel requires an imm$iate ab&onm5t ( s94 ,y h no d\bt ( y\r "r to hold y\r fell[ m51 z slaves4 ,i wi% y _h giv5 y\r read]s m fully y\r views ( ! orig9 ( ?is "r4 ,i judge f :at y say1 t y trace x back to ! curse pron\nc$ by ,noah ^u ,canaan4 ,b 0 t curse to "k no end8 ,7 ,canaan's po/]ity to endure ! entailm5t ( its disabilities & woes1 until ! end ( "t8 ,0 ,div9e m]cy nev] to /ay ! desolat+ waves ( ?is curse8 ,0 _! h>% & angry ro> to rea*1 ev5 into ! gospel disp5sation1 & to m+le discordantly ) ! songs ( peace on e>? & good w to m58 ,0 ! captivity ( ,canaan's race to be ev5 /rong] ?an ,he1 :o came to b9d up ! brok5-he>t$1 & proclaim lib]ty to ! captives8 ,b :o 7 ,canaan & 8 desc5dants8 ,y speak ( !m1 & ) s+ul> unfairness1 ,i ?9k1 z ! po/]ity ( ,ham1 f :om1 x is suppos$1 sprang ! ,africans4 ,!y 71 x is true1 a "p ( ,ham's po/]ity2 b to call !m ! po/]ity ( ,ham1 is to speak z ?\gh he _h no o!r *ild ?an ,canaan4 ,! fifte5? to n9ete5? v]ses ( ! t5? *apt] ( ,g5esis tea* u1 beyond all "q1 t ,canaan's desc5dants inhabit$ ! l& ( ,canaan & adjac5t t]ritory1 & t ?is l& is id5tical ) ! c\ntry aft]w>ds occupi$ by ! ,jews1 & kn[n1 9 mod]n times1 by ! "n ( ,pale/9e1 or ! ,holy ,l&4 ,!re=e1 h[ev] true x may be1 t a portion ( ,ham's po/]ity settl$ 9 ,africa1 we n only h no evid5ce t x 0 ! portion curs$1 b we h conclusive evid5ce t x 0 n4 ,b1 0 x a /ate ( slav]y to :i* ,canaanites 7 doom$8 ,i w suppose1 = a mom5t1 t x 03 &1 !n1 h[ does x appe> "r to enslave !m8 ,! curse 9 "q is prophecy4 ,n[ prophecy does n say :at ought to come to pass3 nor does x say1 t !y :o h an ag5cy 9 ! production ( ! =etold ev5t1 w be innoc5t 9 t ag5cy4 ,if ! pr$iction ( an ev5t ju/ifies ^? :o are in/rum5tal 9 produc+ x1 !n 0 ,judas innoc5t 9 betray+ our ,savi\r4 ,x mu/ ne$s be t (f5ces come1 b wo to t man by :om ! (f5ce come?4 ,prophecy simply tells :at w come to pass4 ,! "q1 :e!r x 0 prop] to enslave ,canaanites1 dep5ds = its solution n on ! curse or prophecy 9 "q4 ,if ! measure 7 9 con=mity ) ! g5]al morality ( ! ,bible1 !n x 0 prop]4 ,0 x 9 con=mity ) x8 ,x 0 n4 ,! ju/ice1 equity & m]cy :i* 71 agreeable to ! ,div9e comm&1 to *>act]ize ! deal+s ( ! ,jews ) ea* o!r1 are 9 su* con=mity1 & ^! are all violat$ by slav]y4 ,if ^? deal+s 7 all bas$ on ! g5]al morality ( ! ,bible1 z !y c]ta9ly 71 !n slav]y1 :i*1 9 its moral "*1 is completely opposite to !m1 _c re/ on t morality4 ,if t morality did n p]mit ! ,jews to enslave ,canaanites1 h[ came !y to enslave !m8 ,y w say1 t !y _h special au?ority f ,god to d s1 9 ! words1 ,bo? ?y bondm5 & ?y bondmaids1 :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are ar\nd ab\t y2 ( !m %all ye buy bondm5 & bondmaids4 ,well1 ,i w admit t ,god did 9 "o in/ance1 & t ,he may h done s 9 o!rs1 give special au?ority to ! ,jews to d t1 :i*1 )\t su* au?ority1 w\ld h be5 palpably & grossly immoral4 ,he requir$ !m to ext]m9ate "s ( ! tribes ( ! ,canaanites4 ,he may h requir$ !m to br+ o!r ,hea!ns "u a =m ( s]vitude violative ( ! g5]al morality ( 8 ^w4--,( c\rse1 no blame atta*es to ! execution ( su* comm&s4 ,:5 ,he specially deputes u to kill = ,him1 we are z innoc5t 9 ! ag5cy1 not)/&+ ! g5]al law1 ?\ %alt n kill1 z is ! e>?quake or ?und]bolt1 :5 commission$ to de/roy4 ,samuel 0 z innoc5t 9 hew+ ,agag 9 pieces1 z is ! tree t falls ^u ! travel]4 ,x may be rem>k$1 9 ?is connexion1 t ! fact t ,god gave a special /atute to de/roy "s ( ! tribes ( ! ,canaanites1 argues ! contr>iety ( ! ?+ requir$ to ! morality ( ! ,bible4 ,x argues1 t ?is morality w\ld n h secur$ ! accompli%m5t ( :at 0 requir$ by ! /atute4 ,inde$1 x is probable t x 01 sometimes1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! t5d]ness & m]cy inculcat$ by ?is morality1 t ! ,jews 7 guilty ( go+ c\nt] to ! special /atute 9 "q1 & sp>+ ! devot$ ,canaanites1 z 9 ! in/ance :5 !y sp>$ ,agag4 ,we might reason1 simil>ly to %[ t a special /atute1 if inde$ !re 7 su* a "o1 au?oriz+ ! ,jews to compel ! ,hea!n to s]ve !m1 argues t compulsory s]vice is contr>y to fundam5tal morality4 ,we w suppose t ,god did2 9 ! special /atute ref]r$ to1 clo! ! ,jews ) p[] to enslave ,hea!ns1 & n[ let me ask y1 :e!r x is by ?is same /atute to enslave1 t y ju/ify y\r neighbors & y\rself = enslav+ y\r fell[ m58 ,b ?is is a special /atute1 conf]r+ a p[] on ! ,jews only--a p[] too1 n to enslave :omsoev] !y c\ld2 b only a specifi$ portion ( ! human family1 & ?is portion1 z we h se51 ( a /ock1 o!r ?an t f :i* y h obta9$ y\r slaves4 ,if ! special /atutes1 by :i* ,god clo!d ! ,jews ) peculi> p[]s1 may be con/ru$ to clo! y ) simil> p[]s1 !n1 inasmu* z !y 7 au?oriz$ & requir$ to kill ,canaanites1 y may hunt up = de/ruction ! /raggl+ desc5dants ( su* ( ! devot$ ones1 z escap$ ! sword ( ! ,jews4 ,or1 to make a diff]5t int]pretation ( y\r rights1 "u ?is supposition2 s9ce ! /atute 9 "q au?oriz$ & requir$ ! ,jews to kill ! hea!n1 )9 ! bord]s ( :at 0 prop]ly ! ,jews' c\ntry1 !n y are also au?oriz$ & requir$ to kill ! hea!ns )9 ! limits ( y\r c\ntry3--& ^! are n want+1 if ! te/imony ( y\r ecclesia/ical bodies1 be=e ref]r$ to1 c be reli$ on2 &1 if x be z !y say1 t ! millions ( ! poor color$ bre?r5 9 ! mid/ ( y are made hea!ns by ! op]ation ( ! sy/em1 to :i*1 ) unp>allel$ wick$ness1 !y are subject$4 ,if !n1 nei!r ,noah's curse1 nor ! special /atute 9 "q1 au?orize y to enslave y\r fell[ m51 !re is1 probably1 b "o gr\nd on :i* y w cont5d = au?ority to d s--& ?is is ! gr\nd ( ! g5]al morality ( ! ,*ri/ian religion--( ! g5]al pr9ciples ( "r & duty1 9 ! ^w ( ,god4 ,d y f9d y\r au?ority on ?is gr\nd8 ,if y d1 !n1 manife/ly1 y h a "r to enslave me1 & ,i a "r to enslave y1 & e man has a "r to enslave :omsoev] he c2--a "r z p]fect1 z is ! "r to d good to "o ano!r4 ,inde$1 ! enslavem5t ( ea* o!r w\ld1 "u ?is con/ruction ( duty1 be ! do+ ( good to "o ano!r4 ,?9k y1 sir1 t ! univ]sal ex]cise ( ?is "r w\ld promote ! fulfilm5t ( ! new comm&m5t t ye love "o ano!r8 ,?9k y1 x w\ld be ! h>b+] ( mill5ial peace & bless$ness8 ,or1 ?9k y n1 r1 t x w\ld fully & frightfully realize ! prophet's decl>ation3 ,!y all lie 9 wait = blood3 !y hunt e man 8 neighbor ) a net4 ,if any p h a "r to enslave _! fell[ m51 x mu/ be ! ,jews1 if !y once _h x4 ,b if !y ev] _h x1 x ceas$1 :5 all _! peculi> rights ceas$4 ,9 respect to rights f ! ,mo/ ,high1 !y are n[ on ! same foot+ ) o!r races ( m54 ,:5 ! vail ( ! temple 0 r5t 9 twa9 f ! top to ! bottom1 !n t di/9ction f ! ,g5tile1 9 :i* ! ,jew _h glori$1 ceas$1 & ! p>tition wall betwe5 !m 0 pro/rate = ev]4 ,! ,jew1 z well z ! ,g5tile1 0 nev] m to dep>t f ! g5]al morality ( ! ,bible4 ,he 0 nev] aga9 to be "u any special /atutes1 ^: requirem5ts %\ld br+ him into collision ) t morality3 ,he 0 no m to conf9e 8 sympa?ies & fri5d%ips )9 ! n>r[ range ( ! twelve tribes3 b e son & daught] ( ,adam 7 !nce=? entitl$ to claim f him ! he>t & h& ( a bro!r4 ,"u ! glori\s disp5sation ( ! gospel1 says ! immortal ,granville ,%>p1 we are absolutely b\nd to consid] ourselves z citiz5s ( ! _w2 e man :atev]1 )\t any p>tial di/9ction ( nation1 di/ance1 or complexion1 mu/ necess>ily be e/eem$ our neighbor & our bro!r2 & we are absolutely b\nd1 9 ,*ri/ian duty1 to ent]ta9 a disposition t[>ds all mank9d1 z *>itable & b5evol5t1 at lea/1 z t :i* 0 requir$ ( ! ,jews "u ! law t[>ds _! bre?r52 &1 consequ5tly1 x is absolutely unlawful = ^? :o call !mselves ,*ri/ians1 to exact ( _! bre?r5 7,i mean _! bre?r5 ( ! univ]se7 a m bur!nsome s]vice1 ?an t to :i* ! ,jews 7 limit$ ) respect to _! bre?r5 ( ! h\se ( ,israel2 & ! slav]y or involunt>y bondage ( a bro!r ,israelite 0 absolutely =bid4 ,x occurs to me1 t aft] all :i* has be5 said to satisfy y1 t compulsory s]vitude1 if su* !re 7 among ! ,jews1 _c prop]ly be plead$ 9 ju/ification ( y\rs2 a "q may /ill be float+ 9 y\r m9d :e!r1 if ,god direct$ 8 *os5 p to enslave ! ,hea!n1 slav]y %\ld n be reg>d$ z a good sy/em ( s]vitude8 ,j z p]t95tly may y ask1 :e!r t is n a good sy/em ( s]vitude1 :i* is f\nd 9 "s ( our /ate prisons4 ,puni%m5t probably--c]ta9ly n labor--is ! lead+ object 9 ! "o case z well z ! o!r3 & ! labor ( ! bondman 9 ! "o1 z well z ( ! convict 9 ! o!r1 con/itutes b a subord9ate consid]ation4 ,to suppose t ,god w\ld1 ) e consid]ation out ( view1 b t ( hav+ ! be/ relation ( employ] & labor]1 make *oice ( slav]y--to suppose t ,he believes t ?is /ate ( s]vitude op]ates mo/ b5eficially1 bo? = ! ma/] & ! s]vant--is a high impea*m5t ( ! ,div9e wisdom & goodness4 ,b ?us guilty are y1 if y are unwill+ to believe1 t1 if ,he *ose ! sev]e s]vitude 9 "q1 ,he *ose x = ! puni%m5t ( 8 enemies1 or f "s consid]ation1 o!r ?an its suitabl5ess = ! ord9>y purposes ( ! relation ( ma/] & s]vant4 ,b x has be5 = ! sake ( argum5t only1 t ,i h admitt$ t ,god au?oriz$ ! ,jews to enslave ! hea!n4 ,i n[ totally d5y t ,he did s4 ,y w1 ( c\rse1 cons5t t if ,he did s1 x 0 9 a special /atute1 z 0 ! case :5 ,he au?oriz$ !m to ext]m9ate o!r hea!n3 & y w z readily cons5t t ,he enact$ ! /atutes1 9 bo? in/ances1 ) ! view ( puni%+ 8 enemies4 ,n[1 9 kill+ ! ,canaanites1 ! ,jew 0 con/itut$1 n ! own] ( 8 devot$ fell[ man1 b simply ! execution] ( ,god's v5geance3 & evid5tly1 su* & no o!r 0 8 "* :5 he 0 r$uc+ ! ,canaanite to involunt>y s]vitude--t he did s r$uce him1 & 0 commission$ by ,god to d s1 is ! supposition we make = ! sake ( argum5t4 ,_h ! ,jews be5 au?oriz$ by ,god to %ut up 9 dungeons = life ^? ( ! hea!n1 :om !y 7 direct$ to h = bondm5 & bondmaids1 y w\ld n claim1 t !y1 any m ?an %]iffs & jail]s 9 our day1 are to be consid]$ 9 ! light ( own]s ( ! p]sons 9 _! *>ge4 ,mu* less !n1 c ! ,jews be consid]$ z ! own]s ( any p]son :om !y held 9 s]vitude3 =1 h[ev] sev]e ! type ( t s]vitude1 ! lib]ty ( its subject 0 n re/rict$1 z 0 t ( ! prison]s 9 "q3--mo/ c]ta9ly1 ! p[] ass]t$ ov] him is n to be comp>$ 9 ext5t ) t ass]t$ by ! ,jew ov] ! ,canaanite1 :om he slew2--a case 9 :i* he 01 indisputably1 b ! execution] ( ! ,div9e wra?4 ,! ,canaanite1 :e!r devot$ to a viol5t dea? or to an involunt>y s]vitude1 /ill rema9$ ! prop]ty ( ,god3 & ,god no m gave him up to be ! prop]ty ( ! execution] ( 8 wra?1 ?an ! p ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york give up ! (f5d] aga9/ public ju/ice to be ! prop]ty ( ! m9i/]s ( t ju/ice4 ,god nev] susp5ds ! acc\ntability ( 8 rational creatures to himself3 & 8 rights to !m1 ,he nev] transf]s to o!rs4 ,he c\ld n d s consi/5tly ) 8 attributes1 & 8 indissoluble relations to man4 ,b slav]y claims1 t its subjects are ! prop]ty ( man4 ,x claims to turn !m into m]e *attels1 & to make !m z void ( responsibility to ,god1 z o!r *attels4 ,slav]y1 9 a ^w1 claims to pu% f 8 ?rone ! ,supreme ,be+1 :o decl>es1 all s\ls are m9e4 ,t x does n succe$ 9 gett+ its victim out ( ,god's h&1 & 9 unmann+ & *atteliz+ him--t ,god's hold ^u him rema9s unbrok51 & t ^? upw>d t5d5cies ( ! s\l1 :i* di/+ui% man f ! brute1 are n yet entirely cru%$ 9 him--is no evid5ce 9 favor ( its nature3--x simply proves1 t its p[] is n equal to its purposes4 ,we see1 !n1 t ! ,jews--if x be true t !y r$uc$ _! fell[ m5 to involunt>y s]vitude1 & did s z ! ,heav5-appo9t$ m9i/]s ( ,god's ju/ice1--are n to be *>g$ ) slavehold+ = x4 ,!re may be involunt>y s]vitude :]e !re is no slav]y4 ,! ess5tial & di/+ui%+ feature ( slav]y is its r$uction ( man to prop]ty--to a ?+4 ,a t5ant ( "o ( our /ate prisons is "u a s5t5ce ( h>d labor = life4 ,b he is n a slave4 ,t is1 he is n ! ?+ :i* slav]y w\ld m>k its subject4 ,he is /ill a man4 ,(f5d$ ju/ice has plac$ him 9 8 pres5t circum/ances1 because he is a man3 &1 x is because he is a man & n a ?+--a responsible1 & n an irresponsible be+1 t he mu/ cont9ue 9 8 pres5t trials & suff]+s4 ,god's comm&m5ts to ! ,jews1 respect+ s]vants & /rang]s1 %[ t ,he n only did n au?orize !m to set up ! claim ( prop]ty 9 _! fell[ m51 b t ,he mo/ c>efully gu>d$ aga9/ su* ex]cises ( p[]1 z might lead to ! assumption ( a claim s wrongful to ,himself4 ,"s ( ^! comm&m5ts ,i w br+ to y\r notice4 ,!y %[ t :atev] 0 ! =m ( s]vitude "u :i* ,god all[$ ! ,jews to hold ! hea!n1 x 0 n slav]y4 ,inde$1 if all ( ! ,^w ( ,god :i* be>s on ?is po9t 7 cit$ & duly expla9$1 x w\ld1 p]haps1 appe> t ,he all[$ no involunt>y s]vitude :atev] among/ ! ,jews4 ,i give no op9ion :e!r he all[$ x or n4 ,!re are /rong argum5ts :i* g to %[1 t ,he did n all[ x2 & ) ^! argum5ts ! public w soon be made m ext5sively acqua9t$4 ,x is und]/ood1 t ! next numb] ( ! ,anti-,slav]y ,exam9] w be fill$ ) !m4 #a/4 ,s gall+ are ! bonds ( ,s\!rn slav]y1 t x c\ld n live a ye> "u ! op]ation ( a law =bidd+ ! re/oration ( fugitive s]vants to _! ma/]s4 ,h[ few ( ! discont5t$ subjects ( ?is oppressive s]vitude w\ld agree ) ,hamlet1 t x is bett] to --be> ^? ills we h1 ,?an fly to o!rs t we "k n (4 ,:at a runn+ !re w\ld be f ! slave ,/ates to ! free6--f "o slave ,/ate to ano!r6--f "o plantation to ano!r6 ,n[1 su* a law--a solemn comm&m5t ( ,god--_m writ]s on slav]y are ( ! op9ion1 p]haps too confid5t op9ion1 0 9 =ce 9 ! ,jewi% nation 7,deut4 xxiii1 #ae72 & yet ! sy/em ( s]vitude on :i* x bore1 & :i* y cite z ! patt]n & au?ority = y\r own1 liv$ 9 spite ( x4 ,h[ c\ld x8 ,manife/ly1 because its g5ius 0 :olly unlike t ( ,s\!rn slav]y2 & because its rigors & wrongs1 if rigors & wrongs !re 7 9 x1 be> no comp>ison to ^? :i* *>act]ize ,s\!rn slav]y2 & :i* w\ld impel n9e-t5?s ( its adult subjects to fly f _! homes1 did !y b "k t !y w\ld n be oblig$ to return to !m4 ,:5 ,s\!rn slavehold]s %all cease to sc\r ! l& = fugitive s]vants1 & to hunt !m ) guns & dogs1 & to imprison1 & sc\rge1 & kill !m2--:51 9 a ^w1 !y %all subject to ! be>+ ( su* a law z t ref]r$ to _! sy/em ( s]vitude1 !n we %all beg9 to ?9k t !y are s9c]e 9 lik5+ x to ! sy/ems :i* exi/$ among ! ,jews4 ,! law1 enact$ 9 ,virg9ia 9 #agje1 au?oriz+ any two ju/ices ( ! peace by proclamation to outlaw runaways1 :o might !reaft] be kill$ & de/roy$ by any p]son :atsoev]1 by su* ways & means z he might ?9k fit1 )\t accusation or impea*m5t ( any crime = s do+1 besides t x ju/ifies :at ,i h j said ab\t hunt+ fugitive s]vants1 %[s1 #a/4 ,t ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society is ( too rec5t an orig9 to be ! occasion1 z slavehold]s & _! apologi/s w\ld h u believe1 ( all ! cruel laws enact$ at ! ,s\?4 #b;d4 ,t ,s\!rn slavehold]s w\ld be v unwill+ to h _! sy/em come "u ! op]ation ( su* a law z t :i* all[$ ! ,jewi% s]vant to *ange 8 ma/]4 #c;d4 ,t !y are mon/]s1 inde$1 into :i* m5 may be turn$ by _! possession ( absolute p[]4 ,y1 p]haps1 suppose1 7& ,i frankly admit to y1 t !re is "s room = ! supposition17 t ! s]vants ref]r$ to 9 ! #ae? & #af? v]ses ( ! #bc;d *apt] ( ,deut]onomy1 7 su* z _h escap$ f =eign c\ntries to ! c\ntry ( ! ,jews4 ,b1 w\ld ?is view ( ! matt] help y8 ,by tak+ x1 w\ld y n expose y\rself to be mo/ p]t95tly & emb>rass+ly ask$1 = :at purpose ^! s]vants fl$ to a /range & mo/ odi\s p8--& w\ld n y\r c&id reply necess>ily be1 t x 0 to escape f ! gall+ *a9s ( slav]y1 to a f>-fam$ mild] type ( s]vitude8--f ,g5tile oppression1 to a l& 9 :i* human rights 7 protect$ by ,div9e laws8 ,b1 z ,i h previ\sly intimat$1 ,i h n ! /ronge/ confid5ce 9 ! anti-slav]y argum5t1 s frequ5tly drawn f ?is passage ( ! ,bible4 ,i am n sure t a ,jewi% s]vant is ref]r$ to3 nor t on ! supposition ( 8 be+ a =eign]1 ! s]vant came "u any =m ( s]vitude :5 ent]+ ! l& ( ! ,jews4 ,be=e leav+ ! topic1 h[ev]1 let me rem>k1 t ! passage1 "u any con/ruction ( x1 makes aga9/ ,s\!rn slav]y4 ,admit t ! fugitive s]vant 0 a =eign]1 & t he 0 n r$uc$ to s]vitude on com+ among ! ,jews1 let me ask y :e!r ! law 9 "q1 "u ?is view ( x1 w\ld be tol]at$ by ! _s ( ,s\!rn slav]y8--& :e!r1 be=e ob$i5ce w\ld be r5d]$ to x1 y w\ld n ne$ to h a diff]5t type ( s]vitude1 9 ! place ( slav]y8 ,y w\ld--,i "k y w\ld--= y h be5 put to ! trial4 ,:51 by a happy provid5ce1 a vessel 0 driv51 ! la/ ye>1 to a ,we/ ,india isl&1 & ! *a9s ( ! poor slaves ) :i* x 0 fill$ fell f ar\nd !m1 "u fre$om's magic p[]1 ! exasp]at$ ,s\? 0 ready to g to w> ) ,great ,brita94 ,!n1 ! law aga9/ deliv]+ up =eign s]vants to _! ma/]s 0 n reli%$ by y4 ,! giv5 case comes mo/ /rik+ly )9 ! suppos$ policy ( ?is law4 ,! ,g5tile 0 to be p]mitt$ to rema9 9 ! l& to :i* he _h fl$1 & :]e he w\ld h advantages = becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! ,god ( ! ,bible4 ,su* advantages are !y enjoy+ :o escap$ f ! confess$ hea!nism ( ,s\!rn slav]y to ! isl& 9 "q4 ,!y are n[ taught to read t ,book ( life1 :i* be=e1 !y 7 =bidd5 to read4 ,b aga91 suppose a slave 7 to escape f a ,we/ ,india isl& into ! ,s\!rn ,/ates--w\ld y1 ) y\r dome/ic in/itutions1 ( :i* y are s jeal\s1 r5d] ob$i5ce to ?is ,div9e law8 ,no2 y w\ld subject him = ev] to a s]vitude m sev]e ?an t1 f :i* he _h escap$4 ,inde$1 if a freeman come )9 a c]ta9 portion ( our ,s\!rn c\ntry1 & be s unhappy z to be> a physical resemblance to ! slave1 he w be puni%$ = t resemblance1 by imprisonm5t1 & ev5 by a r$uction to slav]y4 #b;d4 ,s\!rn slavehold]s1 :o1 by _! laws1 own m5 z absolutely z !y own cattle1 w\ld h x believ$1 t ,jewi% ma/]s ?us own$ _! fell[-m54 ,if !y did1 :y 0 !re s wide a diff]5ce betwe5 ! comm&m5t respect+ ! /ray man1 & t respect+ ! /ray ox or ass8 ,! man 0 n1 b ! bea/s 71 to be return$2 & t too1 ev5 ?\gh _! own] 0 ! enemy ( him :o met !m4 7,ex4 #bc4 #d47 ,i repeat ! "q2--:y ?is diff]5ce8 ,! only answ] is1 because ,god made ! brute to be ! prop]ty ( man2 b ,he nev] gave u our noble nature = su* degradation4 ,man's title de$1 9 ! eigh? ,psalm1 ext5ds 8 "r ( prop]ty to ! inanimate & brute creation only--n to ! fle% & bones & _s ( 8 fell[-man4 #c;d4 ,! v diff]5t p5alties annex$ to ! crime ( /eal+ a man1 & to t ( /eal+ a ?+1 %[s ! et]nal & inf9ite diff]5ce :i* ,god has e/abli%$ betwe5 a man & prop]ty4 ,! /eal+ ( a man 0 surely to be puni%$ ) dea?2 :il/ m]e prop]ty 0 all[$ to atone = ! (f5ce ( /eal+ prop]ty4 #d?4 ,:o1 if n ! slave1 c be said to be vex$ & oppress$6 ,b ,god's comm& to 8 p 01 t !y %\ld nei!r vex a /rang]1 nor oppress him4 #e?4 ,su* is ! nature ( ,am]ican slav]y1 t n ev5 its w>me/ fri5ds w\ld claim t x c\ld recov] itself aft] su* a ye> ( jubilee z ,god appo9t$4 ,"o su* g5]al deliv]y ( its victims w\ld be = ev] fatal to x4 ,i am aw>e t y d5y t all ! s]vants ( ! ,jews %>$ 9 ! bless+s ( ! ye> ( jubilee4 ,b let me ask y1 :e!r if "o ?ird or "o half ( y\r s]vants 7 dis*>g$ f s]vitude e fiftie? ye>--& /ill m1 :e!r if a consid]able proportion ( !m 7 ?us dis*>g$ e six? ye>--! rema9d] w\ld n be fe>fully discont5t$8 ,s\!rn ma/]s believe1 t _! only safety consi/s 9 keep+ d[n ! discont5t ( _! s]vants4 ,h5ce _! anxi\s c>e to )hold f !m ! k ( human rights4 ,h5ce ! abolitioni/ :o is caught 9 a slave /ate1 mu/ be :ipp$ or put to dea?4 ,if !re 7 a class ( s]vants among/ ! ,jews1 :o c\ld be> to see all _! fell[ s]vants g free1 :il/ !y !mselves 7 reta9$ 9 bondage1 !n t bondage 0 ( a k9d v diff]5t f :at y suppose x to h be54 ,_h its subjects worn ! gall+ *a9s ( ,am]ican slav]y1 !y w\ld h /ruggl$ ) bloody desp]ation = ! deliv]ance :i* !y saw accord$ to o!rs4 ,i sc>cely ne$ say1 t ! ,hebrew words r5d]$ bondm5 & bondmaids1 d n1 9 !mselves consid]$1 & indep5d5tly ( ! connexion 9 :i* !y are us$1 any m ?an ! ,greek words d\los & d\le1 d5ote a p>ticul> k9d ( s]vant4 ,if ! s]vant 0 a slave1 because he 0 call$ by ! ,hebrew ^w r5d]$ bondman1 !n 0 ,jacob a slave also3--& ev5 /ill great] absurdities c\ld be d$uc$ f ! position4 ,i promis$1 9 a =m] "p ( ?is communication1 to give y my reasons = d5y+ t y are at lib]ty to plead 9 behalf ( slav]y1 ! example ( any compulsory s]vitude 9 :i* ,jews may h held =eign]s4 ,my promise is n[ fulfill$1 & ,i tru/ t ! reasons are su* z n to admit ( an answ]4 ,driv51 z y n[ are1 f e o!r conceivable def5ce ( slavehold+ x may be 7?\gh ,i mu/ hope bett] ?+s ( y71 t y w fly to ! gr\nd tak5 by ! wick$ multitude--t !re is au?ority 9 ! laws ( man = be+ a slavehold]4 ,b1 n only is ! s9 ( y\r hold+ slaves undim9i%$ by ! consid]ation1 t !y are held "u human laws2 b1 y\r claim+ to hold !m "u su* laws1 makes y guilty ( an additional s91 :i*1 if measur$ by its p]nici\s consequ5ces to o!rs1 is by no means inconsid]able4 ,! tru? ( ^! two positions is app>5t f ! foll[+ consid]ations4 #a/4 ,!re is no valid excuse to be f\nd1 ei!r 9 man's laws or any :]e else1 = transgress+ ,god's laws4 ,:atev] may be ?\ght1 or said to ! contr>y1 x /ill rema9s1 & = ev] w rema9 true1 t "u all circum/ances1 s9 is ! transgression ( ! 7,div9e7 law4 #b;d4 ,9 e in/ance 9 :i* a comm&m5t ( ,god is transgress$1 "u ! cov] & plea ( a human law1 purport+ to p]mit :at t comm&m5t =bids1 !re is1 9 proportion to ! au?ority & influ5ce ( ! transgressor1 a fre% sanction imp>t$ to t law2 & consequ5tly1 9 ! same proportion ! public habit ( sett+ up a false /&>d ( "r & wrong is promot$4 ,x is ?is habit--?is habit ( graduat+ our morality by ! laws ( ! l& 9 :i* we live--t makes ! mis*ief fram$ by a law s mu* m p]nici\s ?an t :i* has no law to c\nt5ance x1 & to comm5d x to ! consci5ce4 ,:o is unaw>e1 t no?+ t5ds s p[]fully to keep ! traffic 9 /rong dr9k f becom+ univ]sally odi\s1 z ! fact1 t ?is body & s\l de/roy+ bus9ess f9ds a sanction 9 human laws8 ,:o has n se5 ! man1 au?oriz$ by ^! laws to di/ribute ! poison among/ 8 tippl+ neighbors1 pro( aga9/ all ! %afts ( tru?1 "u ! self-pleas+ & self-satisfy+ consid]ation1 t 8 is a lawful bus9ess4 ,?is habit ( sett+ up man's law1 in/ead ( ,god's law1 z ! /&>d ( conduct1 is /rik+ly manife/$ 9 ! fact1 t on ! gr\nd1 t ! ,f$]al ,con/itution b9ds ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to p]petuate slav]y1 or at lea/1 n to m$dle ) x1 we are1 bo? at ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?1 call$ on to =be> f all ef=ts to aboli% x4 ,! ex]tions made to discov] 9 t in/rum5t1 au?ority = slav]y1 & au?ority aga9/ endeavors to aboli% x1 are z great1 anxi\s1 & unwe>i$1 z if !y :o made !m1 ?\ght t ! =tunate discov]y w\ld settle = ev] ! great "q :i* agitates our c\ntry--w\ld nullify all ! laws ( ,god aga9/ slav]y--& make ! oppression ( our color$ bre?r51 z long z "t %all la/1 ju/ifiable & praisewor?y4 ,b ?is discov]y w nev] be made2 = ! ,con/itution is n on ! side ( ! slavehold]4 ,if x 71 h[ev]1 x w\ld clo! him ) no moral "r to act 9 opposition to ! p>am\nt law ( ,god4 ,x is n at all necess>y to ! support ( my views1 9 ?is communication1 to %[ t ! ,con/itution 0 n design$ to favor slav]y2 & yet1 a few words to ?is end may n be out ( place4 ,a treaty betwe5 ,great ,brita9 & ,turkey1 by ! t]ms ( :i* ! latt] %\ld be prohibit$ f all[+ slaves to be br\ght )9 h] dom9ions1 aft] tw5ty ye>s f its date1 w\ld1 all w admit1 r$\nd greatly to ! cr$it ( ,great ,brita94 ,to be sure1 %e w\ld n h done z mu* = ! cause ( humanity1 z if %e _h succe$$ 9 br++ ! fur!r indulg5ce ( ! s9 )9 ! limits ( a brief] p]iod1 & incomp>ably less ?an if %e _h succe$$ 9 reconcil+ ! ,sublime ,porte to h] glori\s & emphatically ,engli% doctr9es ( imm$iate emancipation4 ,b /ill %e w\ld des]ve "s praise--mu* m ?an if %e _h done no?+ 9 ?is respect4 ,n[1 = my pres5t purpose1 & _m ( our /atesm5 say1 = ne>ly all purposes1 ! ,f$]al ,con/itution is to be reg>d$ z a treaty betwe5 sov]eign ,/ates4 ,b h[ mu* m does ?is treaty d = ! abolition ( slav]y1 ?an t on :i* we 71 a mom5t s9ce1 be/[+ our praise6 ,x imposes a prohibition simil> to t 9 ! suppos$ treaty betwe5 ,great ,brita9 & ,turkey1 s t no slaves h be5 all[$ to be introduc$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates s9ce ! ye> #ahjh4 ,x goes fur!r1 & makes ample provision = ! abolition & prev5tion ( slav]y 9 e "p ( ! nation1 save ^! ,/ates2 s t ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & ! national t]ritories c be cle>$ =ev] ( slav]y1 :5ev] a majority ( ! p>ties1 b\nd by ! treaty1 %all desire x4 ,& x goes /ill f>!r1 & clo!s ?is majority ) ! p[] ( regulat+ comm]ce betwe5 ! ,/ates1 & consequ5tly1 ( prohibit+ _! mutual traffic 9 ! bodies & s\ls ( m54 ,_h ?is treaty gone b "o /ep f>!r1 & made an exception1 z x %\ld h done1 9 behalf ( slaves1 9 ! clause mak+ necess>y provision = ! return ( fugitives held to s]vice 9 ! ,/ates f :i* !y flee1 none b ^? :o ?9k x is fairly held responsible = ! tw5ty ye>s indulg5ce ( ! unholy traffic1 w\ld h claim$ any ?+ m f x 9 relation to slav]y4 ,n[1 ?is in/rum5t1 :i* conta9s no?+ m1 be>+ on ! subject ( slav]y1 ?an :at ,i h ref]r$ to1 & ^: pages are n once pollut$ ) ! words slave & slav]y1 is abundantly & triumphantly cit$1 z conclusive au?ority 9 favor ( slav]y1 & aga9/ endeavors to aboli% x4 ,:il/ we regret1 t ! true-he>t$ sons ( fre$om 9 ! ,conv5tion :i* =m$ x1 c\ld obta9 no m concessions f ! advocates ( slav]y1 let u honor _! sacr$ memory1 & ?ank ,god = ^? !y did obta94 ,i h suppos$ x possible1 t y might numb] y\rself ) ^?1 :o def5d slav]y on ! gr\nd ( its alleg$ con=mity ) human laws4 ,x occurs to me1 t y may1 also1 take hope1 t slav]y is def5sible 9 ! suppos$ fact1 t a consid]able %>e ( ! pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians1 9 ! free ,/ates1 are 9 favor ( x4 ,let ,god be true1 b e man a li>4 ,if all pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians 7 = slav]y1 yet1 if ,god is aga9/ x1 t is reason en\gh :y y also %\ld be aga9/ x4 ,x is n true1 h[ev]1 t a consid]able %>e ( our pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians are on ! side ( slav]y4 ,inde$1 until ,i read ,pr(essor ,hodge's article1 ,i _h n suppos$ t any ( !m d5i$ its s9fulness4 ,x is true1 t a l>ge proportion ( !m refuse to take a /& aga9/ x4 ,let !m ju/ify to _! consci5ces1 & to _! ,god1 z !y c1 ! equivocal sil5ce & /ill m equivocal action on ?is subject1 by :i* !y h left _! ,s\!rn bre?r5 to inf]1 t ,nor!rn piety sanctions slav]y4 ,x is ! doctr9e ( exp$i5cy1 s preval5t & corrupt+ 9 ! ,am]ican ,*ur*1 :i* has deceiv$ y into ! belief1 t a l>ge %>e ( ! pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians 9 ! free ,/ates1 ?9k slav]y to be s9less4 ,?is %>e1 :i* y h 9 y\r eye1 is1 z well z ! rema9d]1 conv9c$ t slav]y is s9ful--only !y ?9k x inexp$i5t to say s4 ,9 relation to o!r s9s1 !y are satisfi$ ) ,god's way ( imm$iate ab&onm5t4 ,b1 9 relation to slav]y1 !y flatt] !mselves t !y h discov]$ a m excell5t way--t ( leav+ ! s9 unt\*$1 & simply hop+ = its cessation1 at "s indef9ite p]iod 9 ! di/ant future4 ,i say hop+1 in/ead ( pray+1 z pray] = an object is f\nd to be accompani$ by correspond+ ef=ts4 ,b = ?is vile doctr9e ( exp$i5cy1 :i* gives to our ecclesia/ical bodies1 :5ev] ! subject ( su* a giant & popul> s9 z slav]y is broa*$ 9 !m1 ! complexion ( a political caucus /eep$ 9 unpr9cipl$ policy1 r ?an t ( a company ( ! ,savi\r's disciples1 inquir+ 9 simplicity & godly s9c]ity1 n ) fle%ly wisdom1 ! way ( ! ,"l2--b = ?is doctr9e1 ,i say1 y w\ld1 long ago1 h he>d ! te/imony ( ,nor!rn ,*ri/ians aga9/ ,s\!rn slav]y2--& n only s1 b y w\ld long ago h se5 ?is ,dagon fall be=e ! p[] ( t te/imony4 ,i tru/1 h[ev]1 t ?is te/imony w n long be )held2 & t ,nor!rn ,*ri/ians w soon p]ceive1 t1 9 relation to slav]y1 z well z e o!r s91 x is ! safe/ & wise/1 z well z ! holie/ c\rse1 to drop all c>nal policy--to tru/ 9 ! ,"l ) all ?9e he>t1 & lean n unto ?9e own und]/&+4 ,n only are ,nor!rn ,*ri/ians1 ) v r>e exceptions1 conv9c$ ( ! s9 ( slav]y2 b ev5 y\r slavehold]s 7 =m]ly accu/om$1 ) ne>ly z great unanimity1 to admit1 t !y !mselves ?\ght x to be s9ful4 ,x is only rec5tly1 & s9ce !y h f\nd t _! sy/em mu/ be te/$ by ! ,bible1 ?or\ghly & 9 e>ne/--n m]ely = ! purpose1 z =m]ly1 ( det]m9+ )\t any practical consequ5ces ( ! det]m9ation1 :at is ! moral "* ( slav]y--b1 = ! purpose ( settl+ ! po9t1 :e!r ! in/itution %all /& or fall1--x is only1 ,i say1 s9ce ! civiliz$ _w has be5 fa/ com+ to claim t x %all be decid$ by ! ,bible1 & by no l[] /&>d1 :e!r slav]y %all or %all n exi/--t y\r slavehold]s h f\nd x exp$i5t to take ! gr\nd1 t slav]y is n s94 ,x probably has n occurr$ to y1 h[ fairly & fully y might h be5 /opp$1 ^u ! v ?re%old ( y\r def5ce ( slav]y4 ,! only witness y h call$ to ! /& to su/a9 y\r s9k+ cause1 is ! ,bible4 ,b ?is is a witness1 :i* slav]y has itself impea*$1 & ( :i*1 !re=e1 x is n entitl$ to avail itself4 ,x is a good rule 9 our civil c\rts1 t a p>ty is n p]mitt$ to impea* 8 own witness2 & x is b an inconsid]able v>iation ( ! lett] ( ?is rule1 & obvi\sly no violation ( its _s & policy to say1 t no p>ty is p]mitt$ to attempt to b5efit 8 cause by a witness :om he has himself impea*$4 ,n[1 ! slavehold] palpably violates ?is rule1 :5 he presumes to (f] ! ,bible z a witness = 8 cause3--= he has previ\sly impea*$ x1 by decl>+1 9 8 slave sy/em1 t x is n to be believ$--t its requirem5ts are n to be obey$--t !y are n ev5 to be read 7?\gh ! ,bible expressly directs t !y %all be7--t concub9age %all be sub/itut$ = ! m>riage x enjo9s--& t its o!r provisions = ! happ9ess1 & ev5 ! exi/5ce1 ( ! social relations1 %all be trampl$ "u foot4 ,! sc5e1 9 :i* a lawy] %\ld ask ! jury to believe :at 8 witness is say+ at "o mom5t1 & to reject :at he is say+ at ano!r1 w\ld be ludicr\s en\gh4 ,b :at m absurdity is !re 9 x ?an t :i* ! pro-slav]y p>ty are guilty (1 :5 !y w\ld h u deaf1 :il/ _! witness is te/ify+ 9 favor ( m>riage & se>*+ ! ,scriptures2 &1 all e>s1 :il/ t same witness is te/ify+1 z !y con/rue x1 9 favor ( slav]y6 ,no--be=e x w be compet5t = ! ,am]ican slavehold] to appeal to ! ,bible = ju/ification ( 8 sy/em1 t sy/em mu/ be s modifi$1 z no long] to make op51 %ameless w> ^u ! ,bible4 ,i w\ld recomm5d to slavehold]s1 t1 r ?an make s unhall[$ a use ( ! ,bible z to attempt to bol/] up _! h>d beset cause ) x1 !y %\ld take ! gr\nd1 :i* a v di/+ui%$ slavehold+ g5tleman ( ! city ( ,wa%+ton took1 9 a conv]sation ) myself on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,feel+ himself uncom=tably pli$ by quotations f ! ^w ( ,god1 he said ) mu* emphasis1 ,/op1 ,sir1 ) t1 if y please--,,slav]y ,,is ,a ,,subject1 ,,:i* ,,has ,,no?+ ,,to ,,d ,,) ,,! ,,bible4 ,?is practice ( attempt+ to put ! bolde/ & mo/ flagrant s9s "u ! w+ & sanction ( ! ,bible1 is *>geable on o!rs z well z on ! advocates ( slav]y4 ,n to speak ( o!r in/ances ( x--x is s\ght to ju/ify by ?is bless$ book ! mo/ despotic =ms ( civil gov]nm5t1 & ! dr9k+ ( intoxicat+ liquors4 ,!re are two evils s great1 :i* arise f ?is p]v]sion ( ! ^w ( ,god1 t ,i _c =be> to notice !m4 ,"o is1 t ! consci5ces ( m5 are quiet$1 :5 !y imag9e t !y h f\nd a ju/ification 9 ! ,bible = ! s9s ( :i* !y are guilty4 ,! o!r is1 t infidels are multipli$ by ?is p]v]sion4 ,a respectable g5tleman1 :o edits a newspap] 9 ?is neighborhood1 & :o1 unhappily1 is n e/abli%$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 0 ask$1 a few mon?s s9ce1 to att5d a meet+ ( a ,bible ,society4 ,i am n will+1 said he1 9 reply1 to favor ! circulation ( a volume1 :i* _m ( its fri5ds claim to be on ! side ( slav]y4 ,rely on x1 ,sir1 t :]ev] y\r book produces ! conviction t ! ,bible ju/ifies slav]y1 x !re weak5s :atev] ( respect = t bless$ volume previ\sly exi/$4 ,:oev] is br\ght to associate slav]y ) ! ,bible1 may1 x is true1 ?9k bett] ( slav]y2 b he w surely ?9k worse ( ! ,bible4 ,i hope1 !re=e1 9 m]cy to y\rself & ! _w1 t ! success ( y\r und]tak+ w be small4 ,b (t5times ! same provid5ce has a bright1 z well z a gloomy1 aspect4 ,x is s 9 ! case be=e u4 ,! common attempt1 9 our day1 to intr5* great s9s 9 ! au?ority ( ! ,bible1 is a consol+ & *e]+ evid5ce1 t ?is volume is recognis$ z ! public /&>d ( "r & wrong2 & t1 :atev] may be _! private op9ions ( x :o are guilty ( ^! s9s1 !y _c hope to ju/ify !mselves be=e ! _w1 unless _! lives are1 app>5tly1 at lea/1 con=m$1 9 "s good degree1 to ?is /&>d4 ,we may add1 too1 t1 z surely z ! ,bible is aga9/ slav]y1 e pro-slav]y writ]1 :o l y\rself appeals to x z ! infallible & only admissible /&>d ( "r & wrong1 w contribute to ! ov]?r[ ( ! iniquit\s sy/em4 ,8 writ+s may n1 uni=mly1 t5d to ?is happy result4 ,9 "s in/ances1 he may /r5g!n confid5ce 9 ! sy/em ( slav]y by produc+ conviction1 t ! ,bible sanctions x2--& !n 8 success w be1 z be=e rem>k$1 at ! exp5se ( ! claims & au?ority ( ! ,bible3--b ^! in/ances ( ! p]nici\s effects ( 8 writ+s w be v r>e1 q too r>e we may hope1 to c\nt]balance ! m g5]ally useful t5d5cy ( writ+s on ! subject ( slav]y1 :i* recognise ! p>am\nt au?ority ( ,god's law4 ,hav+ complet$ ! exam9ation ( y\r book1 ,i wi% to hold up to y1 9 a s+le view1 ! sub/ance ( :at y h done4 ,y h come =?1 ! unblu%+ advocate ( ,am]ican slav]y2--a sy/em :i*1 :e!r we /udy its nature 9 ! delib]ate & horrid enactm5ts ( its code1 or 9 ! hea!nism & pollution & sweat & te>s & blood1 :i* prove1 b too well1 ! agreem5t ( its practical "* ) its !ory--is1 beyond all d\bt1 m oppressive & wick$ ?an any o!r1 :i* ! av>ici\s1 s5sual1 cruel he>t ( man ev] devis$4 ,y h come =?1 ! unblu%+ advocate ( a sy/em "u :i* p>5ts are daily sell+ _! *ildr52 bro!rs & si/]s1 _! bro!rs & si/]s2 memb]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 _! fell[-memb]s--"u :i*1 9 a ^w1 immortal man1 made 9 ! image ( ,god1 is m unfeel+ly & cruelly dealt )1 ?an ! brute4 ,i "k t y intimate t ?is sy/em w\ld "w well1 7 x 9 ! h&s ( none b good m54 ,b ) equal propriety might y say1 t ! gam+-h\se or ! bro!l w\ld "w well 9 su* h&s4 ,y h attempt$ to su/a9 ?is sy/em by ! te/imony ( ! ,bible4 ,! sy/em1 a "p only ( ! crimes ( :i*1 mo/ ( ! nations ( ,*ri/5dom h decl>$ to be piracy2--aga9/ :i*1 ! common s5se1 ! philosophy1 ! humanity1 ! consci5ce ( ! _w1 are array$2--?is sy/em1 s execrable & infam\s1 y h _h ! presumption to attempt to v9dicate by t bless$ book1 ^: ,au?or is ( pur] eyes ?an to behold evil1 & 7:o7 _c look ^u iniquity--& :o has magnifi$ 8 ^w above all 8 "n4 ,& n[1 ,sir1 let me solemnly inquire ( y1 :e!r x is "r to d :at y h done8--:e!r x is befitt+ a man1 a ,*ri/ian1 & a m9i/] ( ! gospel8--& let me1 fur!r1 ask y1 :e!r y h any *e]+ te/imony 9 y\r he>t t x is ,god's "w y h be5 do+8 ,t y & ,i may1 9 e future "w ( our h&s1 h ! happ9ess to "k1 t ! approbation ( our employ] comes f ! upp]1 & n f ! "u _w1 is ! s9c]e desire ( ,y\r fri5d1 ,,g]rit ,,smi?4 ,no4 #d ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 ,,! ,,bible ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y4 ,,an ,,inquiry ,,into ,,! ,,patri>*al ,,& ,,mosaic ,,sy/ems ,,on ,,! ,,subject ,,( ,,human ,,rights4 ,,new-,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahcg4 ,,po/age--,?is p]iodical conta9s five & a half %eets4 ,po/age "u #ajj miles1 #h-a_/b cts ov] #ajj miles1 #ad c5ts4 ,please read & circulate4 ,,pi]cy ,,re$4 ,,pr9t]s1 #g ,!atre ,alley4 ,,cont5ts4 ,def9ition ( ,slav]y ,man-/eal+--,exam9ation ( ,ex4 xxi4 #af ,import ( ,b\ght ) money1 etc4 ,rights & privileges ( s]vants ,no involunt>y s]vitude "u ! ,mosaic sy/em ,s]vants 7 paid wages ,ma/]s1 n own]s ,s]vants di/+ui%$ f prop]ty ,social equality ( s]vants ) _! ma/]s ,condition ( ! ,gibeonites1 z subjects ( ! ,hebrew ,commonweal? ,egyptian bondage analyz$ ,,objections ,,consid]$4 ,curs$ be ,canaan1 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be1 etc4 ,g54 ix4 #be ,= he is 8 money1 ,exam9ation (1 ,ex4 xxi4 #bj1 #ba ,bondm5 & bondmaids b\ght ( ! hea!n4 ,lev4 xxv4 #dd-df ,!y %all be y\r bondm5 =ev]4 ,lev4 xxv4 #df ,ye %all take !m z an inh]itance1 etc4 ,lev4 xxv4 #df ,! ,israelite to s]ve z a hir$ s]vant4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ci1 #dj ,diff]5ce betwe5 b\ght & hir$ s]vants ,b\ght s]vants ! mo/ privileg$ class ,summ>y ( ! diff]5t classes ( s]vants ,disabilities ( ! s]vants f ! hea!n ,exam9ation ( ,exodus xxi4 #b-f ,! ,canaanites n s5t5c$ to unconditional ext]m9ation ,,inquiry1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! _s ( slav]y nev] takes refuge 9 ! ,bible ( its own accord4 ,! horns ( ! alt> are its la/ resort4 ,x seizes !m1 if at all1 only 9 desp]ation--ru%+ f ! t]ror ( ! av5g]'s arm4 ,l o!r unclean spirits1 x hate? ! light1 nei!r come? to ! light1 le/ its de$s %\ld be reprov$4 ,goad$ to phr5zy 9 its conflicts ) consci5ce & common s5se1 d5i$ all qu>t]1 & hunt$ f e cov]t1 x breaks at la/ into ! sacr$ enclosure1 & c\rses up & d[n ! ,bible1 seek+ re/1 & f9d+ none4 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,love1 /ream+ f e page1 fla%es ar\nd x an omnipres5t angui% & despair4 ,x %r9ks f ! hat$ light1 & h[ls "u ! consum+ t\*1 z demons recoil$ f ! ,son ( ,god1 & %riek$1 ,torm5t u n4 ,at la/1 x sl9ks away among ! %ad[s ( ! ,mosaic sy/em1 & ?9ks to burr[ out ( sight among its types & %ad[s4 ,va9 hope6 ,its asylum is its sepul*re2 its city ( refuge1 ! city ( de/ruction4 ,x ru%es f light into ! sun2 f heat1 into dev\r+ fire2 & f ! voice ( ,god into ! ?icke/ ( ,8 ?und]s4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,slav]y4 ,if we w\ld "k :e!r ! ,bible is ! *>t] ( slav]y1 we mu/ fir/ det]m9e j :at slav]y is4 ,! ?+ itself mu/ be sep>at$ f its app5dages4 ,a con/itu5t elem5t is "o ?+2 a relation ano!r2 an app5dage ano!r4 ,relations & app5dages presuppose o!r ?+s1 ( :i* !re are relations & app5dages4 ,to reg>d !m z ! ?+s to :i* !y p]ta91 or z con/itu5t p>ts ( !m1 leads to endless fallacies4 ,a great v>iety ( conditions1 relations1 & t5ures1 indisp5sable to ! social /ate1 are conf\nd$ ) slav]y2 & ?us slavehold+ is deem$ q h>mless1 if n virtu\s4 ,we w specify "s ( ! ?+s :i* are (t5 conf\nd$ ) slav]y4 #a4 ,privation ( ! "r ( suffrage4 ,!n m9ors are slaves4 #b4 ,ineligibility to (fice4 ,!n females are slaves4 #c4 ,taxation )\t repres5tation4 ,!n ?ree-f\r?s ( ! p ( ,rhode ,isl& are slaves1 & all 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 #d4 ,privation ( "o's oa? 9 law4 ,!n ! free color$ p ( ,ohio are slaves4 ,s are disbeliev]s 9 a future retribution1 g5]ally4 #e4 ,privation ( trial by jury4 ,!n all 9 ,france & ,g]many are slaves4 #f4 ,be+ requir$ to support a p>ticul> religion4 ,!n ! p ( ,engl& are slaves4 ,to ! prec$+ may be add$ all o!r disabilities1 m]ely political4 #g4 ,cruelty & oppression4 ,wives are (t5 cruelly treat$2 hir$ dome/ics are (t5 oppress$2 b ^! =ms ( oppression are n slav]y4 #h4 ,appr5tice%ip4 ,! rights & duties ( ma/] & appr5tice are correlative & reciprocal4 ,! claim ( ea* ^u ! o!r results f ! obligation ( ea* to ! o!r4 ,appr5tice%ip is bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( equival5t = value receiv$4 ,! rights ( ! appr5tice are secur$1 & 8 int]e/s are promot$ equally ) ^? ( ! ma/]4 ,inde$1 :ile ! law ( appr5tice%ip is j to ! ma/]1 x is b5evol5t to ! appr5tice4 ,its ma9 design is r to b5efit ! appr5tice ?an ! ma/]4 ,x promotes ! int]e/s ( ! =m]1 :ile x gu>ds f injury ^? ( ! latt] 9 do+ x4 ,x secures to ! ma/] a m]e legal comp5sation1 :ile x secures to ! appr5tice bo? a legal comp5sation1 & a virtual gratuity 9 addition1 ! appr5tice be+ ( ! two decid$ly ! greate/ ga9]4 ,! law n only recognizes ! "r ( ! appr5tice to a rew>d = 8 labor1 b appo9ts ! wages1 & en=ces ! paym5t4 ,! ma/]'s claim cov]s only ! s]vices ( ! appr5tice4 ,! appr5tice's claim cov]s equally ! s]vices ( ! ma/]4 ,! ma/] _c hold ! appr5tice z prop]ty1 nor ! appr5tice ! ma/]2 b ea* holds prop]ty 9 ! s]vices ( ! o!r1 & ,,bo? ,,equally4 ,is ?is slav]y8 #i4 ,filial subord9ation & p>5tal claims4 ,bo? are nature's dictates1 & indisp5sable to ! exi/5ce ( ! social /ate2 _! design ! promotion ( mutual welf>e2 & ! means1 ^? natural affections creat$ by ! relation ( p>5t & *ild1 & bl5d+ !m 9 "o by irrepressible aff9ities2 & ?us1 :ile excit+ ea* to dis*>ge ^? (fices incid5tal to ! relation1 !y con/itute a %ield = mutual protection4 ,! p>5t's legal claim to ! s]vices ( 8 *ildr51 :ile m9ors1 is a slight boon = ! c>e & toil ( _! re>+1 to say no?+ ( outlays = support & education4 ,?is provision = ! good ( ! :ole1 is1 ) ! great] "p ( mank9d1 indisp5sable to ! pres]vation ( ! family /ate4 ,! *ild1 9 help+ 8 p>5ts1 helps himself--increases a common /ock1 9 :i* he has a %>e2 :ile 8 mo/ fai?ful s]vices d b ackn[l$ge a debt t money _c cancel4 #aj4 ,bondage = crime1 or gov]nm5tal claims on crim9als4 ,mu/ innoc5ce be puni%$ because guilt suff]s p5alties8 ,true1 ! crim9al works = ! gov]nm5t )\t pay2 & well he may4 ,he owes ! gov]nm5t4 ,a c5tury's "w w\ld n pay its drafts on him4 ,he is a public default]1 & w die s4 ,because laws make m5 pay _! debts1 %all ^? be =c$ to pay :o owe no?+8 ,besides1 ! law makes no crim9al1 ,,prop]ty4 ,x re/ra9s 8 lib]ty2 x makes him pay some?+1 a m]e p5ny 9 ! p\nd1 ( 8 debt to ! gov]nm5t2 b x does n make him a *attel4 ,te/ x4 ,to own prop]ty is to own its product4 ,are *ildr5 born ( convicts gov]nm5t prop]ty8 ,besides1 c prop]ty be guilty8 ,are *attels puni%$8 #aa4 ,re/rictions ^u fre$om4 ,*ildr5 are re/ra9$ by p>5ts1 w>ds by gu>dians1 pupils by tea*]s1 pati5ts by physicians & nurses1 corporations by *>t]s1 & legislators by con/itutions4 ,emb>goes1 t>iffs1 qu>ant9e1 & all o!r laws1 keep m5 f do+ z !y please4 ,re/ra9ts are ! web ( civiliz$ society1 w>p & wo(4 ,are !y slav]y8 !n civiliz$ society is a mammo? slave--a gov]nm5t ( ,,law1 ! climax ( slav]y1 & its executive a k+ among slavehold]s4 #ab4 ,involunt>y or compulsory s]vice4 ,a juryman is empannell$ aga9/ 8 w1 & sit he mu/4 ,a %]iff ord]s 8 posse2 by/&]s mu/ turn 94 ,m5 are compell$ to remove nuisances1 pay f9es & taxes1 support _! families1 & turn to ! "r z ! law directs1 h[ev] mu* aga9/ _! wills4 ,are !y !re=e slaves8 ,to conf\nd slav]y ) involunt>y s]vice is absurd4 ,slav]y is a condition4 ,! slave's feel+s t[>d x1 are "o ?+2 ! condition itself1 ! object ( ^! feel+s1 is ano!r ?+2 8 feel+s _c alt] ! nature ( t condition4 ,:e!r he desire or dete/ x1 ! condition rema9s ! same4 ,! slave's will+ness to be a slave is no palliation ( 8 ma/]'s guilt 9 hold+ him4 ,suppose ! slave v]ily ?9ks himself a *attel1 & cons5ts t o!rs may s reg>d him1 does t make him a *attel1 or make ^? guiltless :o hold him z su*8 ,i may be sick ( life1 & ,i tell ! assass9 s t /abs me2 is he any ! less a murd]] because ,i cons5t to be made a corpse8 ,does my p>tn]%ip 9 8 guilt blot out 8 "p ( x8 ,if ! slave 7 will+ to be a slave1 8 volunt>9ess1 s f> f less5+ ! guilt ( ! own]1 aggravates x4 ,if slav]y has s palsi$ 8 m9d & he looks ^u himself z a *attel1 & cons5ts to be "o1 actually to hold him z su*1 falls 9 ) 8 delusion1 & confirms ! impi\s falsehood4 ,^! v feel+s & convictions ( ! slave1 7if su* 7 possible7 increase a hundr$ fold ! guilt ( ! ma/] 9 hold+ him z prop]ty1 & call ^u him 9 ?und]1 imm$iately to recognize him z a ,,man1 & ?us break ! sorc]y t b9ds 8 s\l1 *eat+ x ( its bir?-"r1 & ! consci\sness ( its wor? & de/9y4 ,_m ( ! =ego+ conditions & relations are app5dages ( slav]y1 & "s ( !m insep>able f x4 ,b no "o1 nor all ( !m toge!r1 con/itute its intr9sic un*ang+ elem5t4 ,we proce$ to /ate affirmatively t1 ,,enslav+ ,,m5 ,,is ,,r$uc+ ,,!m ,,to ,,articles ,,( ,,prop]ty1 mak+ free ag5ts *attels1 conv]t+ p]sons into ?+s1 s9k+ intellig5ce1 acc\ntability1 immortality1 into m]*&ise4 ,a slave is "o held 9 ?is condition4 ,he is a m]e tool = ano!r's use & b5efit4 ,9 law he owns no?+1 & c acquire no?+4 ,8 "r to himself is abrogat$4 ,he is ano!r's prop]ty4 ,if he say my h&s1 my feet1 my body1 my m9d1 ,,myself2 !y are figures ( spee*4 ,to use himself = 8 own good is a ,,crime4 ,to keep :at he e>ns is /eal+4 ,to take 8 body into 8 own keep+ is insurrection4 ,9 a ^w1 ! pr(it ( 8 ma/] is ! ,,end ( 8 be+1 & he1 a m]e means to t end1 a m]e means to an end into :i* 8 int]e/s d n ent]1 ( :i* !y con/itute no portion,a4 ,,man sunk to a ?+6 ! intr9sic elem5t1 ! pr9ciple ( slav]y2 ,,m5 sold1 b>t]$1 leas$1 mortgag$1 bequea!d1 invoic$1 %ipp$ 9 c>goes1 /or$ z goods1 tak5 on executions1 & knock$ (f at public outcry6 ,_! rights ano!r's conv5i5ces1 _! int]e/s1 w>es on sale1 _! happ9ess1 a h\sehold ut5sil2 _! p]sonal inali5able own]%ip1 a s]viceable article1 or play?+1 z be/ suits ! humor ( ! h\r2 _! dea?less nature1 consci5ce1 social affections1 sympa?ies1 hopes1 m>ketable commodities6 ,we repeat x1 ! r$uction ( p]sons to ?+s2 n robb+ a man ( privileges1 b ( himself2 n load+ ) burd5s1 b mak+ him a bea/ ( burd52 n re/ra9+ lib]ty1 b subv]t+ x2 n curtail+ rights1 b aboli%+ !m2 n inflict+ p]sonal cruelty1 b annihilat+ p]sonality2 n exact+ involunt>y labor1 b s9k+ him into an implem5t ( labor2 n abridg+ 8 human com=ts1 b abrogat+ 8 human nature2 n depriv+ an animal ( immunities1 b despoil+ a rational be+ ( attributes1 uncreat+ a ,,man to make room = a ?+6 ,footnote ,a3 ,:atev] sy/em s9ks man f an ,,end to a means1 or 9 o!r words1 :atev] trans=ms him f an object ( in/rum5tality into a m]e in/rum5tality to an object1 j s f> makes him a slave4 ,h5ce ,we/ ,india appr5tice%ip reta9s 9 "o p>ticul> ! c>d9al pr9ciple ( slav]y4 ,! appr5tice1 dur+ ?ree-f\r?s ( 8 "t1 is /ill =c$ to labor1 & robb$ ( 8 e>n+s2 j s f> =? he is a m]e means1 a slave4 ,true1 9 all o!r respects slav]y is aboli%$ 9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies4 ,its bloodie/ features are blott$ out--b ! meane/ & mo/ despicable ( all--=c+ ! poor to "w = ! ri* )\t pay ?ree-f\r?s ( _! "t1 ) a legal (fic] to flog !m if !y demur at ! outrage1 is "o ( ! provisions ( ! ,emancipation ,act6 ,= ! glories ( t lum9>y1 abolitioni/s ?ank ,god1 :ile !y m\rn t x rose beh9d cl\ds1 & %9es ?r\gh an eclipse4 ,t ?is is ,am]ican slav]y1 is %[n by ! laws ( slave /ates4 ,judge ,/r\d1 9 8 ,sket* ( ! ,laws relat+ to ,slav]y1 says1 ,! c>d9al pr9ciple ( slav]y1 t ! slave is n to be rank$ among s5ti5t be+s1 b among ?+s--is an article ( prop]ty1 a *attel p]sonal1 obta9s z und\bt$ law 9 all ( ^! /ates1 7! slave /ates47 ,! law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ?us lays d[n ! pr9ciple1 ,slaves %all be deem$1 held1 tak51 reput$1 & adjudg$ 9 law to be *attels p]sonal 9 ! h&s ( _! own]s & possessors1 & _! executors1 adm9i/rators1 & assigns1 to ,,all ,,int5ts1 ,,con/ructions1 ,,& ,,purposes ,,:atsoev]4 ,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bbi4 ,9 ,l\isiana1 a slave is "o :o is 9 ! p[] ( a ma/] to :om he belongs2 ! ma/] may sell him1 dispose ( 8 p]son1 8 indu/ry1 & 8 labor2 he c d no?+1 possess no?+1 nor acquire any ?+1 b :at mu/ belong to 8 ma/]4 ,civil ,code ( ,l\isiana1 ,art4 #ce4 ,?is is ,am]ican slav]y4 ,! et]nal di/9ction betwe5 a p]son & a ?+1 trampl$ "u foot--! cr[n+ di/9ction ( all o!rs--_! c5tre & circumf]5ce--! s\rce1 ! te/1 & ! measure ( _! value--! rational1 immortal pr9ciple1 embalm$ by ,god 9 ev]la/+ remembrance1 consecrat$ to univ]sal homage 9 a baptism ( glory & honor1 by ! gift ( ,8 ,son1 ,8 ,_s1 ,8 ,^w1 ,8 pres5ce1 provid5ce1 & p[]2 ,8 protect+ %ield1 uphold+ /aff1 & %elt]+ w+2 ,8 op5+ heav5s1 & angels m9i/]+1 & *>iots ( fire1 & songs ( morn+ />s1 & a great voice 9 heav51 proclaim+ et]nal sanctions1 & confirm+ ! ^w ) signs foll[+4 ,hav+ /at$ ! pr9ciple ( ,am]ican slav]y1 we ask1 ,,does ,,! ,,bible ,,sanction ,,su* ,a ,,pr9ciple8,a,a8 ,to ! law & ! te/imony4 ,fir/1 ! moral law1 or ! t5 comm&m5ts4 ,j aft] ! ,israelites 7 emancipat$ f _! bondage 9 ,egypt1 :ile !y /ood be=e ,s9ai to receive ! law1 z ! trumpet wax$ l\d]1 & ! m\nt quak$ & blaz$1 ,god spake ! t5 comm&m5ts f ! mid/ ( cl\ds & ?und]+s4 ,two ( ^? comm&m5ts deal dea? to slav]y4 ,look at ! eigh?1 ,?\ %all n /eal1 or1 ?\ %alt n take f ano!r :at belongs to him4 ,all man's p[]s ( body & m9d are ,god's gift to him4 ,t !y are 8 own1 & t he has a "r to !m1 is prov$ f ! fact t ,god has giv5 !m to him alone1 t ea* ( !m is a "p ( himself1 & all ( !m toge!r con/itute himself4 ,all else t belongs to man is acquir$ by ! use ( ^! p[]s4 ,! int]e/ belongs to him1 because ! pr9cipal does--! product is 81 because he is ! produc]4 ,own]%ip ( any ?+ is own]%ip ( its use4 ,! "r to use accord+ to w1 is itself own]%ip4 ,! eigh? comm&m5t presupposes & assumes ! "r ( e man to 8 p[]s1 & _! product4 ,slav]y robs ( bo?4 ,a man's "r to himself is ! only "r absolutely orig9al & intr9sic--8 "r to :atev] else t belongs to him is m]ely relative to 8 "r to himself--is d]iv$ f x1 & held only by virtue ( x4 ,,self-,,"r is ! f\ndation "r--! po/ 9 ! middle1 to :i* all o!r rights are fa/5$4 ,slavehold]s1 ! _w ov]1 :5 talk+ ab\t _! ,,"r to _! slaves1 always assume _! own "r to !mselves4 ,:at slavehold] ev] und]took to prove 8 own "r to himself8 ,he kn[s x to be a self-evid5t proposition1 t a man belongs to himself--t ! "r is intr9sic & absolute4 ,! slavehold]1 9 mak+ out 8 own title to himself1 makes out ! title ( e human be+ to himself4 ,z ! fact ( be+ a man is itself ! title1 ! :ole human family h "o common title de$4 ,if "o man's title is valid1 all are valid4 ,if "o is wor?less1 all are4 ,to d5y ! validity ( ! slave's title is to d5y ! validity ( 8 own2 & yet 9 ! act ( mak+ him a slave1 ! slavehold] ass]ts ! validity ( 8 own title1 :ile he seizes him z 8 prop]ty :o has ! same title4 ,fur!r1 9 mak+ him a slave1 he does n m]ely unhumanize "o individual1 b ,,univ]sal ,,man4 ,he de/roys ! f\ndations4 ,he annihilates all rights4 ,he attacks n only ! human race1 b univ]sal be+1 & ru%es ^u ,,jehovah4--,= rights are rights2 ,god's are no m--man's are no less4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,bible record ( actions is no comm5t on _! moral "*4 ,x v\*es = !m z facts1 n z virtues4 ,x records )\t rebuke1 ,noah's drunk5ness1 ,lot's ince/1 & ! lies ( ,jacob & 8 "m--n only s+le acts1 b usages1 su* z polygamy & concub9age1 are ent]$ on ! record )\t c5sure4 ,is t sil5t entry ,god's endorsem5t8 ,because ! ,bible1 9 its catalogue ( human actions1 does n /amp on e crime its "n & numb]1 & write aga9/ x1 ?is is a crime--does t wa% out its guilt1 & blea* x into a virtue8 ,! eigh? comm&m5t =bids ! tak+ ( any "p ( t :i* belongs to ano!r4 ,slav]y takes ! :ole4 ,does ! same ,bible :i* =bids ! tak+ ( any ?+ belong+ to him1 sanction ! tak+ ( e ?+8 ,is x su* a m$ley ( absurdities z to ?und] wra? aga9/ him :o robs 8 neighbor ( a c5t1 :ile x bids ,god spe$ to him :o robs 8 neighbor ( himself8 ,slav]y is ! highe/ possible violation ( ! eigh? comm&m5t4 ,to take f a man 8 e>n+s1 is !ft4 ,b to take ! e>n]1 is comp\nd1 sup]lative1 p]petual !ft4 ,x is to be a ?ief by pr(ession4 ,x is a trade1 a life ( robb]y1 t vaults ?r\gh all ! gradations ( ! climax at a leap--! dread1 t]rific1 giant robb]y1 t t[]s among o!r robb]ies1 a solit>y horror1 mon>* ( ! realm4 ,! eigh? comm&m5t =bids ! tak+ away1 & ! t5? adds1 ,?\ %alt n ,,covet any ?+ t is ?y neighbor's2 ?us gu>d+ e man's "r to himself & 8 prop]ty1 by mak+ n only ! actual tak+ away a s91 b ev5 t /ate ( m9d :i* w\ld tempt to x4 ,:o ev] made human be+s slaves1 or held !m z slaves )\t covet+ !m8 ,:y d !y take f !m _! "t1 _! labor1 _! lib]ty1 _! "r ( self-pres]vation & improvem5t1 _! "r to acquire prop]ty1 to wor%ip accord+ to consci5ce1 to se>* ! ,scriptures1 to live ) _! families1 & _! "r to _! own bodies8 ,:y d !y take !m1 if !y d n desire !m8 ,!y ,,covet !m = purposes ( ga91 conv5i5ce1 lu/ ( dom9ion1 ( s5sual gratification1 ( pride & o/5tation4 ,!y break ! t5? comm&m5t1 & pluck d[n ^u _! heads ! plagues t are writt5 9 ! book4 ,t5 comm&m5ts con/itute ! brief comp5d ( human duty4 ,two ( ^! br& slav]y z s94 ,! giv+ ( ! law at ,s9ai1 imm$iately prec$$ ! promulgation ( t body ( laws & in/itutions1 call$ ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,ov] ! gateway ( t sy/em1 fe>ful words 7 writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god--,,he ,,t ,,/eale? ,a ,,man ,,& ,,selle? ,,him1 ,,or ,,if ,,he ,,be ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,8 ,,h&1 ,,he ,,%all ,,surely ,,be ,,put ,,to ,,dea?4 ,see ,exodus1 xxi4 #af4 ,! oppression ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt1 & ! wond]s wr\ght = _! deliv]ance1 proclaim ! reason = su* a law at su* a "t--:5 ! body politic became a !ocracy1 & rev]5tly wait$ = ! w ( ,god4 ,!y _h j be5 emancipat$4 ,! trag$ies ( _! h\se ( bondage 7 ! realities ( ye/]day1 & peopl$ _! memories ) ?rong+ horrors4 ,!y _h j witness$ ,god's te/imony aga9/ oppression 9 ! plagues ( ,egypt--! burn+ bla9s on man & bea/--! du/ quick5$ into loa?some life1 & cleav+ 9 sw>ms to e liv+ ?+--! /reets1 ! palaces1 ! temples1 & e h\se heap$ up ) ! c>casses ( ?+s abhorr$--ev5 ! knead+ tr\ghs & ov5s1 ! secret *amb]s & ! c\*es1 reek+ & dissolv+ ) ! putrid dea?--! pe/il5ce walk+ 9 d>kness at noonday1 ! dev\r+ locu/s & hail m+l$ ) fire1 ! fir/-born dea?-/ruck1 & ! wat]s blood1 &1 la/ ( all1 t dread high h& & /ret*$ out arm1 t :elm$ ! mon>* & 8 ho/s1 & /rew$ _! corpses 9 ! sea4 ,all ?is _! eyes _h look$ ^u1--e>?'s pr\de/ city1 wa/$ & ?und]-sc>r$1 ly+ 9 desolation1 & ! doom ( oppressors trac$ on h] ru9s 9 ! h& writ+ ( ,god1 gl>+ 9 lett]s ( fire m+l$ ) blood--a black5$ monum5t ( wra? to ! utt]mo/ aga9/ ! /eal]s ( m54 ,no wond] t ,god1 9 a code ( laws prep>$ = su* a p at su* a "t1 %\ld light up on its ?re%old a blaz+ beacon to fla% t]ror on slavehold]s4 ,he t /eale? a man & selle? him1 or if he be f\nd 9 8 h&1 he %all be surely put to dea?4 ,ex4 xxii4 #af4 ,god's *]ubim & flam+ sword gu>d+ ! entrance to ! ,mosaic sy/em6 ,see also ,deut4 xxiv4 #g;,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,j>*i1 ! mo/ em95t ( ! ,jewi% writ]s1 7if we except p]haps ! ,egyptian ,maimonides17 :o wrote sev5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 9 8 comm5t on ?is /eal+ & mak+ m]*&ize ( m51 gives ! mean+ ?us3--,us+ a man aga9/ 8 w1 z a s]vant lawfully pur*as$2 yea ?\gh he %\ld use 8 s]vices ev] s little1 only to ! value ( a f>?+1 or use b 8 arm to lean on to support him1 if he be =c$ s to act z a s]vant1 ! p]son compell+ him b once to d s %all die z a ?ief1 :e!r he has sold him or n4 ,! ,hebrew ^w1 ,gaunab1 "h r5d]$ /eale?1 means ! tak+ f ano!r :at belongs to him1 :e!r x be by viol5ce or fraud2 ! same ^w is us$ 9 ! eigh? comm&m5t1 & prohibits bo? robb]y & !ft4 ,! crime specifi$ is t ( depriv+ ,,somebody ( ! own]%ip ( a man4 ,is ?is somebody a ma/]8 & is ! crime t ( depriv+ a ma/] ( 8 s]vant8 ,!n x w\ld h be5 he t /eale? a s]vant1 n he t /eale? a man4 ,if ! crime _h be5 ! tak+ ( an individual f ano!r1 !n ! t]m us$ w\ld h be5 expressive ( t relation1 & mo/ especially if x 0 ! relation ( prop]ty & proprietor6 ,! crime1 z /at$ 9 ! passage1 is ?ree-fold--man /eal+1 sell+ & hold+4 ,all are put on a level1 & :elm$ "u "o p5alty--,,dea?4 ,?is somebody depriv$ ( ! own]%ip ( man1 is ! man himself1 robb$ ( p]sonal own]%ip4 ,joseph said to ! s]vants ( ,ph>oah1 ,inde$ ,i 0 /ol5 away out ( ! l& ( ! ,hebrews4 ,g54 xl4 #ae4 ,h[ /ol58 ,8 bre?r5 took him & sold him z an article ( m]*&ize4 ,contra/ ?is p5alty = man-/eal+ ) t = prop]ty-/eal+4 ,exod4 xxii4 ,if a man /ole an ox & kill$ or sold x1 he 0 to re/ore five ox52 if he _h nei!r sold nor kill$ x1 ! p5alty 0 two ox54 ,! sell+ or ! kill+ be+ virtually a delib]ate repetition ( ! crime1 ! p5alty 0 m ?an d\bl$4 ,b 9 ! case ( /eal+ a man1 ! fir/ act drew d[n ! utmo/ p[] ( puni%m5t2 h[ev] (t5 repeat$1 or h[ev] aggravat$ ! crime1 human p5alty c\ld d no m4 ,! fact t ! p5alty = man-/eal+ 0 dea?1 & ! p5alty = prop]ty-/eal+1 ! m]e re/oration ( d\ble1 %[s t ! two cases 7 adjudicat$ on totally diff]5t pr9ciples4 ,! man /ol5 might be pa/ labor1 & 8 support a burd51 yet dea? 0 ! p5alty1 ?\gh n a c5t's wor? ( prop]ty value 0 tak54 ,! p5alty = /eal+ prop]ty 0 a m]e prop]ty p5alty4 ,h[ev] l>ge ! am\nt /ol51 ! paym5t ( d\ble wip$ out ! score4 ,x might h a great] money value ?an a ?\s& m51 yet dea? 0 nev] ! p5alty1 nor maim+1 nor br&+1 nor ev5 /ripes4 ,:atev] ! k9d1 or ! am\nt /ol51 ! unv>y+ p5alty 0 d\ble ( ! same k9d4 ,:y 0 n ! rule uni=m8 ,:5 a man 0 /ol5 :y n require ! ?ief to re/ore d\ble ( ! same k9d--two m51 or if he _h sold him1 five m58 ,d y say t ! man-?ief might n h !m8 ,s ! ox-?ief might n h two ox51 or if he _h kill$ x1 five4 ,b if ,god p]mitt$ m5 to hold m5 z prop]ty1 equally ) ox51 ! man-?ief c\ld get m5 ) :om to pay ! p5alty1 z well z ! ox-?ief1 ox54 ,fur!r1 :5 prop]ty 0 /ol51 ! :ole ( ! legal p5alty 0 a comp5sation to ! p]son injur$4 ,b :5 a man 0 /ol51 no prop]ty comp5sation 0 (f]$4 ,to t5d] money z an equival5t1 w\ld h be5 to repeat ! outrage ) ! intol]able aggravations ( supreme insult & impiety4 ,compute ! value ( a ,,man 9 money6 ,?r[ du/ into ! scale aga9/ immortality6 ,! law recoil$ f su* outrage & blasphemy4 ,to h p]mitt$ ! man-?ief to expiate 8 crime by re/or+ d\ble1 w\ld h be5 mak+ ! repetition ( crime its atonem5t4 ,b ! infliction ( dea? = man-/eal+ exact$ f ! guilty wret* ! utmo/ possibility ( rep>ation4 ,x wrung f him1 z he gave up ! gho/1 a te/imony 9 blood1 & dea? groans1 to ! inf9ite dignity & wor? ( man1--a proclamation to ! univ]se1 voic$ 9 mortal agony1 t ,,man ,,is ,,inviolable1--a confession %riek$ 9 phr5zy at ! grave's m\?--,i die accurs$1 & ,god is j4 ,if ,god p]mitt$ man to hold man z prop]ty1 :y did ,he puni% = /eal+ t k9d ( prop]ty inf9itely m ?an = /eal+ any o!r k9d ( prop]ty8 ,:y did he puni% ) dea? = /eal+ a v little1 p]haps n a sixp5ce wor?1 ( t sort ( prop]ty1 & make a m]e f9e1 ! p5alty = /eal+ a ?\s& times z mu*1 ( any o!r sort ( prop]ty--especially if ,god did by 8 own act annihilate ! diff]5ce betwe5 man & prop]ty1 by putt+ him on a level ) x8 ,! atroci\sness ( a crime1 dep5ds greatly ^u ! nature1 "*1 & condition ( ! victim4 ,to /eal is a crime1 :oev] ! ?ief1 or :atev] ! plund]4 ,to /eal bread f a full man1 is !ft2 to /eal x f a />v+ man1 is bo? !ft & murd]4 ,if ,i /eal my neighbor's prop]ty1 ! crime consi/s n 9 ! nature ( ! article1 b 9 %ift+ its ext]nal relation f him to me4 ,b :5 ,i take my neighbor himself1 & fir/ make him prop]ty1 & !n my prop]ty1 ! latt] act1 :i* 0 ! sole crime 9 ! =m] case1 dw9dles to a m]e app5dage4 ,! s9 9 /eal+ a man does n consi/ 9 transf]r+1 f its own] to ano!r1 t :i* is already prop]ty1 b 9 turn+ p]sonality into prop]ty4 ,true1 ! attributes ( man /ill rema91 b ! rights & immunities :i* gr[ out ( !m are annihilat$4 ,x is ! fir/ law ( reason & revelation to reg>d ?+s & be+s z !y are2 & ! sum ( religion1 to feel & act t[>d !m accord+ to _! nature & value4 ,kn[+ly to treat !m o!rwise1 is s92 & ! degree ( viol5ce done to _! nature1 relations1 & value1 measures its guilt4 ,:5 ?+s are sund]$ :i* ,god has indissolubly jo9$1 or conf\nd$ 9 "o1 :i* he has sep>at$ by inf9ite extremes2 :5 sacr$ & et]nal di/9ctions1 :i* he has g>ni%$ ) glory1 are d]id$ & set at n\ght1 !n1 if ev]1 s9 r$d5s 9 its sc>let dye4 ,! s9 specifi$ 9 ! passage1 is t ( do+ viol5ce to ! nature ( a man--8 intr9sic value & relations z a rational be+1 & blott+ out ! exalt$ di/9ction /amp$ ^u him by 8 ,mak]4 ,9 ! v]se prec$+1 & 9 t :i* foll[s1 ! same pr9ciple is laid d[n4 ,v]se #ae1 ,he !n smite? 8 fa!r or 8 "m %all surely be put to dea?4 ,v]se #ag1 ,he t curse? 8 fa!r or 8 "m1 %all surely be put to dea?4 ,if a ,jew smote 8 neighbor1 ! law m]ely smote him 9 return4 ,b if t same bl[ 7 giv5 to a p>5t1 ! law /ruck ! smit] dead4 ,:y ?is diff]5ce 9 ! puni%m5t ( ! same act1 inflict$ on diff]5t p]sons8 ,answ]--,god gu>ds ! p>5tal relation ) peculi> c>e4 ,x is ! c5tre ( human relations4 ,to violate t1 is to violate all4 ,:oev] trampl$ on t1 %[$ t no relation _h any sacr$ness 9 8 eyes--t he 0 unfit to move among human relations :o _h violat$ "o s sacr$ & t5d]4--,!re=e1 ! ,mosaic law uplift$ 8 ble$+ corpse1 & br&i%$ ! gha/ly t]ror ar\nd ! p>5tal relation to gu>d x f impi\s inroads4 ,b :y ! diff]5ce 9 ! p5alty s9ce ! act 0 ! same8 ,! s9 _h div]s aggravations4 #a4 ,! relation violat$ 0 obvi\s--! di/9ction betwe5 p>5ts & o!rs1 manife/1 dictat$ by natural affection--a law ( ! con/itution4 #b4 ,! act 0 viol5ce to nature--a suicide on con/itutional susceptibilities4 #c4 ,! p>5tal relation !n1 z n[1 0 ! c5tre ( ! social sy/em1 & requir$ p[]ful safe-gu>ds4 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m1 /&s at ! head ( ^? comm&s :i* prescribe ! duties ( man to man2 &1 ?r\gh\t ! ,bible1 ! p>5tal relation is ,god's favorite illu/ration1 ( 8 own relations to ! :ole family ( man4 ,9 ?is case1 dea? is inflict$ n at all = ! act ( smit+1 nor = smit+ a man1 b a p>5t--= violat+ a vital & sacr$ relation--a di/9ction *]i%$ by ,god1 & ar\nd :i*1 bo? 9 ! moral & c]emonial law1 ,he ?rew up a bulw>k ( def5ce4 ,9 ! next v]se1 ,he t /eale? a man1 c41 ! ,,same ,,pr9ciple is wr\ght out 9 /ill /rong] relief4 ,! crime "h puni%$ ) dea?1 is n ! m]e act ( tak+ prop]ty f its own]1 b ! disreg>d+ ( fundam5tal relations1 do+ viol5ce to an immortal nature1 mak+ w> on a sacr$ di/9ction ( priceless wor?4 ,t di/9ction :i* is ca/ headlong by ! pr9ciple ( ,am]ican slav]y2 :i* makes ,,m5 *attels4 ,! incessant pa9s-tak+ ?r\gh\t ! old ,te/am5t1 9 ! sep>ation ( human be+s f brutes & ?+s1 %[s ,god's reg>d = ! sacr$ness ( 8 own di/9ction4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! ,"l utt]$ x 9 heav51 & proclaim$ x to ! univ]se z x rose into be+4 ,he array$ creation at ! in/ant ( its bir?1 to d x rev]5t homage4 ,x paus$ 9 adoration :ile ,he u%]$ =? its cr[n+ "w4 ,:y t dread pause1 & t creat+ arm held back 9 mid c>e]1 & t high conf]5ce 9 ! godhead8 ,let u make man 9 ,,our ,,image1 aft] ,,our ,,lik5ess1 ,,& ,,let ,,him ,,h ,,dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air1 & ov] ! cattle1 & ov] all ! e>?1 & ov] e liv+ ?+ t move? ^u ! e>?4 ,!n :ile e liv+ ?+1 ) l&1 & sea1 & firmam5t1 & m>%all$ worlds1 wait$ to cat* & swell ! %\t ( morn+ />s--,,!n ,,god ,,creat$ ,,man ,,9 ,,8 ,,own ,,image4 ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god ,,creat$ ,,he ,,him4 ,?is solves ! problem1 ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god ,,creat$ ,,he ,,him4 ,well might ! sons ( ,god cry all toge!r1 ,am51 alleluia--,?\ art wor?y1 ,o ,"l1 to receive bless+ & honor--,= ?\ ha/ made him a little l[] ?an ! angels1 & ha/ cr[n$ him ) glory & honor4 ,?\ made/ him to h dom9ion ov] ! works ( ?y h&s2 ?\ ha/ put all ?+s "u 8 feet4 ,o ,"l1 our ,"l1 h[ excell5t is ?y "n 9 all ! e>?4 ,psalms viii4 #e1 #f1 #i4 ,! frequ5t & solemn repetition ( ?is di/9ction by ,god proclaims 8 inf9ite reg>d4 ,! #bf?1 #bg?1 & #bh? v]ses ( ! #a/ *apt] ( ,g5esis are little else ?an ! repetition ( x 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,9 ! #e? *apt]1 #a/ v]se1 we f9d x aga9--,9 ! day t ,god creat$ man1 ,,9 ,,! ,,lik5ess ( ,,god ,,made ,,he ,,man4 ,9 ! #i? *apt]1 #f? v]se1 we f9d x aga94 ,aft] giv+ lic5se to %$ ! blood ( e mov+ ?+ t live?1 x is add$1 ,:oso %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$1 = ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god ,,made ,,he ,,man4 ,z ?\gh he _h said1 ,all ^! o!r creatures are y\r prop]ty1 design$ = y\r use--!y h ! lik5ess ( e>?1 !y p]i% ) ! us+1 & _! spirits g d[nw>d2 b ?is o!r be+1 ,,man1 has my own lik5ess2 ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god made ,i man2 an intellig5t1 moral1 immortal ag5t1 invit$ to all t ,i c give & he c be4 ,s 9 ,levit4 xxiv4 #ag1 #ah1 ,he t kille? any ,,man %all surely be put to dea?2 & he1 t kille? a bea/ %all make x good1 bea/ = bea/2 & he t kille? a ,,man %all be put to dea?4 ,s 9 ! passage quot$ above1 ,ps4 viii4 #e1 #f4 ,:at an enum]ation ( p>ticul>s1 ea* sep>at+ inf9itely1 ,,m5 f brutes & ?+s6 #a4 ,?\ ha/ made him a little l[] ?an ! angels4 ,slav]y drags him d[n among brutes4 #b4 ,& ha/ cr[n$ him ) glory & honor4 ,slav]y te>s (f 8 cr[n1 & puts on a yoke4 #c4 ,?\ made/ him to h dom9ion ,,ov] ! works ( ?y h&s4 ,slav]y breaks 8 sceptre1 & ca/s him d[n among ^? works--yea1 b5ea? !m4 #d4 ,?\ ha/ put all ?+s "u 8 feet4 ,slav]y puts ,,him "u ! feet ( an own]1 ) bea/s & creep+ ?+s4 ,:o1 b an impi\s scorn]1 d>e ?us /rive ) 8 ,mak]1 & mutilate ,,8 ,,image1 & blaspheme ! ,holy ,"o1 :o sai? to ^? t gr9d 8 poor1 ,inasmu* z ye did x unto "o ( ! lea/ ( ^!1 ye did x unto me4 ,b "t w\ld fail u to detail ! in/ances 9 :i* ?is di/9ction is mo/ impressively m>k$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,9 fur!r prosecut+ ?is inquiry1 ! ,patri>*al & ,mosaic sy/ems w be consid]$ toge!r1 z ea* reflects light ^u ! o!r1 & z _m regulations ( ! latt] are m]e legal =ms ( ,div9e in/itutions previ\sly exi/+4 ,z a sy/em1 h[ev]1 ! latt] alone is ( ,div9e au?ority4 ,:atev] 7 ! usages ( ! patri>*s1 ,god has n made !m our exampl>s,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,^? :o insi/ t ! patri>*s held slaves1 & sit ) su* delight "u _! %ad[1 hymn+ ! praises ( ^? good old patri>*s & slavehold]s1 might at small co/ greatly augm5t _! numb]s4 ,a s+le /anza celebrat+ patri>*al concub9age1 w9d+ (f ) a *orus 9 honor ( patri>*al drunk5ness1 w\ld be a trumpet call1 summon+ f bu% & brake1 highway & h$ge1 & %elt]+ f5ce1 a bro!rhood ( k9dr$ aff9ities1 ea* claim+ ,abraham or ,noah z 8 patron sa9t1 & %\t+1 ,my "n is legion4 ,:at a myriad *oir1 & ?und]\s song6 ,be=e ent]+ ^u an analysis ( ! condition ( s]vants "u ^! two /ates ( society1 let u settle ! import ( c]ta9 t]ms :i* describe ! mode ( procur+ !m4 ,,import ,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,buy1 ,,& ,,! ,,phrase ,,b\ght ,,) ,,money4 ,f ! direction to ! ,israelites to buy _! s]vants1 & f ! phrase b\ght ) money1 appli$ to ,abraham's s]vants1 x is argu$ t !y 7 articles ( prop]ty4 ,! sole gr\nd = ?is belief is ! t]ms buy & b\ght ) money1 & su* an import to ^! t]ms :5 appli$ to s]vants is assum$1 n only 9 ! abs5ce ( all pro(1 b 9 ! face ( evid5ce to ! contr>y4 ,h[ mu* might be sav$1 if 9 discussion1 ! ?+ to be prov$ 0 always assum$4 ,to beg ! "q 9 debate1 :at economy ( midnight oil6 :at a =e/all] ( premature wr9kles1 & grey hairs6 ,in/ead ( protract$ inve/igation into ,scripture usage1 & pa9ful collat+ ( passages1 & cauti\sly trac+ m9ute relations1 to f9d ! mean+ ( ,scripture t]ms1 let e man boldly resolve to int]pret ! language ( ! olde/ book 9 ! _w1 by ! usages ( 8 own "t & place1 & ! "w is done4 ,& !n :at a m>* ( m9d6 ,in/ead ( "o revelation1 !y might be multipli$ z ! drops ( ! morn+6 ,e man might take ord]s z an inspir$ int]pret]1 ) an infallible clue to ! m9d ( ! ,_s1 if he only und]/ood ! dialect ( 8 own neighborhood6 ,we repeat x1 ! only gr\nd ( pro( t ^! t]ms are to be int]pret$ to mean1 :5 appli$ to s]vants 9 ! ,bible1 ! same t !y mean :5 appli$ to our slaves1 is ! t]ms !mselves4 ,:at a ,babel-j>gon x w\ld make ( ! ,bible to take x = grant$ t ! s5se 9 :i* words are n[ us$ is ! inspir$ s5se4 ,david says1 ,i prev5t$ ! dawn+ ( ! morn+1 & cri$4 ,:at a miracle-work]1 to /op ! e>? 9 its revolution6 ,r too fa/4 ,two hundr$ ye>s ago1 prev5t 0 us$ 9 ! /rict ,lat9 s5se to come be=e1 or anticipate4 ,x is always us$ 9 ?is s5se 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,david's expression1 9 ! ,engli% ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 is1 ,be=e ! dawn+ ( ! morn+ ,i cri$1 or1 ,i began to cry be=e day-break4 ,s my pray] %all prev5t !e4 ,let u prev5t 8 face ) ?anksgiv+4 ,m9e eyes prev5t ! night wat*es4 ,we %all n prev5t !m t are asleep1 c4 ,9 almo/ e *apt] ( ! ,bible1 words are us$ 9 a s5se n[ ne>ly or q obsolete1 & sometimes 9 a s5se totally opposite to _! pres5t mean+4 ,a few examples foll[3 ,(t5times ,i purpos$ to come to y1 b 0 let 7h9d]$7 hi!rto4 ,& ! f\r bea/s 7liv+ ones7 fell d[n & wor%ipp$ ,god1--,:osoev] %all (f5d 7cause to s97 "o ( ^! little ones1--,g out into ! high ways & compel 7urge7 !m to come 91--,only let y\r conv]sation 7habitual conduct or c\rse ( life7 be z become? ! ,gospel1--,!y t seek me e>ly 7e>ne/ly7 %all f9d me1--,give me by & by 7n[7 9 a *>g]1 ! head ( ,john ! ,bapti/1--,s :5 tribulation or p]secution arise? by-&-by 7imm$iately7 !y are (f5d$4 ,no?+ is m mutable ?an language4 ,words1 l bodies1 are cont9ually ?r[+ (f p>ticles & absorb+ o!rs4 ,s long z !y are m]e repres5tatives1 elect$ by ! :ims ( univ]sal suffrage1 _! mean+ w be a p]fect volatile1 & to cork x up = ! next c5tury is an employm5t suffici5tly silly1 7to speak )9 b\nds17 = a mod]n ,bible diction>y mak]4 ,!re nev] 0 a %all[] conceit ?an t ( e/abli%+ ! s5se atta*$ to a ^w c5turies ago1 by %[+ :at x means n[4 ,pity t hyp]-fa%ionable mantuamak]s & mill9]s 7 n a little quick] at tak+ h9ts f "s ( our ,doctors ( ,div9ity4 ,h[ easily !y c\ld save _! pi\s cu/om]s all qualms ( consci5ce ab\t ! weekly %ift+s ( fa%ion1 by demon/rat+ t ! la/ importation ( ,p>isian indec5cy1 j n[ flaunt+ "h on prom5ade1 0 ! id5tical /yle ( dress 9 :i* ! pi\s ,s>ah knead$ cakes = ! angels1 ! mode/ ,rebecca drew wat] = ! camels ( ,abraham's s]vants4 ,s9ce su* fa%ions are rife 9 ,*e/nut-/reet & ,broadway n[1 !y mu/ h be5 9 ,canaan & ,p&an>am f\r ?\s& ye>s ago6 ,,ii4 #a4 ,! inf]5ce t ! ^w buy1 us$ to describe ! procur+ ( s]vants1 means procur+ !m z *attels1 seems bas$ ^u ! fallacy--t :atev] co/s money is money2 t :atev] or :oev] y pay money =1 is an article ( prop]ty1 & ! fact ( y\r pay+ = x proves t x is prop]ty4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 requir$ to pur*ase _! fir/-born out f "u ! obligations ( ! prie/hood1 ,numb4 xviii4 #ae1 #af2 ,exod4 xxxiv4 #bj4 ,?is cu/om is kept up to ?is day among ! ,jews1 & ! ^w buy is /ill us$ to describe ! transaction4 ,does ?is prove t _! fir/-born 71 or are1 held z prop]ty8 ,!y 7 b\ght z really z 7 s]vants4 ,s ! ,israelites 7 requir$ to pay money = _! own s\ls4 ,?is is call$ sometimes a ransom1 sometimes an atonem5t4 ,7 _! s\ls !re=e m>ketable commodities8 #b4 ,bible sa9ts b\ght _! wives4 ,boaz b\ght ,ru?4 ,s ,ru? ! ,moabitess1 ! wife ( ,mahlon1 h ,i pur*as$ to be my wife4 ,ru? iv4 #aj4 ,hosea b\ght 8 wife4 ,s ,i b\ght h] to me = fifte5 pieces ( silv]1 & = an hom] ( b>ley1 & an half hom] ( b>ley4 ,hosea iii4 #b4 ,jacob b\ght 8 wives ,ra*el & ,leah1 & n hav+ money1 paid = !m 9 labor--sev5 ye>s a piece4 ,g54 xxix4 #ae-bi4 ,moses probably b\ght 8 wife 9 ! same way1 & paid = h] by 8 labor1 z ! s]vant ( h] fa!r4 ,exod4 ii4 #ba4 ,%e*em1 :5 negotiat+ ) ,jacob & 8 sons = ,d9ah1 says1 ,:at ye %all say unto me1 ,i w give4 ,ask me nev] s mu* d[ry & gift1 & ,i w give accord+ z ye %all say unto me4 ,g54 xxxiv4 #aa1 #ab4 ,david pur*as$ ,mi*al1 ,saul's daught]1 & ,o?niel1 ,a*sab1 ! daught] ( ,caleb1 by p]=m+ p]il\s s]vices = ! b5efit ( _! fa!rs-9-law4 #a ,sam4 xviii4 #be-bg2 ,judges i4 #ab1 #ac4 ,t ! pur*ase ( wives1 ei!r ) money or by s]vice 0 ! g5]al practice1 is pla9 f su* passages z ,exod4 xxii4 #ag1 & #a ,sam4 xviii4 #be4 ,among ! ,jews ( ! pres5t day ?is usage exi/s1 ?\gh x is n[ a m]e =m1 !re be+ no real pur*ase4 ,yet among _! m>riage c]emonies1 is "o call$ m>ry+ by ! p5ny4 ,! co9cid5ces1 n only 9 ! me?ods ( procur+ wives & s]vants1 & 9 ! t]ms employ$ 9 describ+ ! transactions1 b 9 ! prices paid = ea*1 are wor?y ( notice4 ,! highe/ price ( wives 7virg9s7 & s]vants 0 ! same4 ,comp>e ,deut4 xxii4 #bh1 #bi1 & ,exod4 xxii4 #ag1 ) ,lev4 xxvii4 #b-h4 ,! m$ium price ( wives & s]vants 0 ! same4 ,comp>e ,hosea iii4 #b1 ) ,exod4 xxi4 #b4 ,hosea appe>s to h paid "o half 9 money & ! o!r 9 gra94 ,fur!r1 ! ,israeliti% female b\ght-s]vants 7 wives1 _! husb&s & _! ma/]s be+ ! same p]sons4 ,exod4 xxi4 #h1 & ,judges xix4 #c1 #bg4 ,if buy+ s]vants among ! ,jews %[s t !y 7 prop]ty1 !n buy+ wives %[s t !y 7 prop]ty4 ,! words 9 ! orig9al us$ to describe ! "o1 describe ! o!r4 ,:y n cont5d t ! wives ( ! anci5t fa!rs ( ! fai?ful 7 _! *attels1 & us$ z ready *ange at a p9*8 ,& !nce d$uce ! rights ( mod]n husb&s4 ,h[ f> gone is ! ,*ur* f primitive purity6 ,h[ sl[ to emulate illu/ri\s examples6 ,alas6 ,patri>*s & prophets are foll[$ af> (f6 ,:5 w pi\s husb&s live up to _! ,bible privileges1 & become p>tak]s ) ,old ,te/am5t wor?ies 9 ! bless$ness ( a husb&'s rightful immunities6 ,surely pr(essors ( religion n[1 are b\nd to buy & hold _! wives z prop]ty6 ,refus+ s to d1 is to "q ! morality ( ^? good old wife-trad+ patri>*s1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 ) ! prophets1 & a ho/ ( :om ! _w 0 n wor?y4 ,! use ( ! ^w buy1 to describe ! procur+ ( wives1 is n peculi> to ! ,hebrew4 ,9 ! ,syriac language1 ! common expression = ! m>ri$1 or ! esp\s$1 is ! b\ght4 ,ev5 s late z ! #af? c5tury1 ! common record ( m>riages 9 ! old ,g]man ,*ronicles 0 ,a4 ,,b\ght ,b4 ,! ,hebrew ^w translat$ buy1 is1 l o!r words1 modifi$ by ! nature ( ! subject to :i* x is appli$4 ,eve says1 ,i h gott5 7b\ght7 a man ( ! ,"l4 ,%e nam$ him ,ca91 t is1 b\ght4 ,he t he>e? repro(1 gette? 7buye?7 und]/&+1 ,prov4 xv4 #cb4 ,s 9 ,isa4 xi4 #aa4 ,! ,"l %all set 8 h& aga9 to recov] 7to buy7 ! remnant ( 8 p4 ,s ,ps4 lxxviii4 #ed4 ,he br\ght !m to ?is m\nta9 :i* 8 "r h& _h pur*as$1 i4e4 gott54 ,j]4 xiii4 #d4 ,take ! girdle t ?\ ha/ got 7b\ght47 ,neh4 v4 #h4 ,we ( our ability h r$eem$ 7b\ght7 our bre?r5 t 7 sold to ! hea!n4 ,"h b\ght is n appli$ to p]sons :o 7 made slaves1 b to ^? tak5 out ( slav]y4 ,prov4 #h4 #bb4 ,! ,"l possess$ 7b\ght7 me 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 way be=e 8 works ( old4 ,prov4 xix4 #h4 ,he t gette? 7buye?7 wisdom love? 8 own s\l4 ,prov4 xvi4 #af4 ,h[ mu* bett] is x to get 7buy7 wisdom ?an gold8 ,f9ally1 to buy is a second>y mean+ ( ! ,hebrew ^w ,kana4 #d4 ,ev5 at ?is day ! ^w buy is us$ to describe ! procur+ ( s]vants1 :]e slav]y is aboli%$4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 :]e slaves became appr5tices 9 #ahcd1 !y are /ill b\ght4 ,?is is n[ ! curr5t ^w 9 ,we/ ,india newspap]s4 ,s a few ye>s s9ce 9 ,new-,york1 ,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ev5 n[ 9 ,new-,j]sey s]vants are b\ght z really z 9 ,virg9ia4 ,& ! diff]5t s5ses 9 :i* ! same ^w is us$ 9 ! two /ates1 puts no man 9 a qu&>y1 ^: common s5se am\nts to a modicum4 ,s "u ! sy/em ( legal ind5ture 9 ,ill9ois1 s]vants n[ are b\ght4,a ,a %ort "t s9ce1 hundr$s ( =eign]s :o came to ?is c\ntry 7 b\ght annually4 ,by volunt>y contract !y engag$ to "w = _! pur*as]s a giv5 "t to pay = _! passage4 ,?is class ( p]sons call$ r$emption]s1 consi/$ at "o "t ( ?\s&s4 ,multitudes are b\ght out ( slav]y by !mselves or o!rs1 & remove into free /ates4 ,"u ! same ro( ) ! writ] is a s]vant b\ght ) money4 ,a few weeks s9ce1 %e 0 a slave4 ,z soon z b\ght1 %e 0 a slave no long]4 ,alas6 = our lead+ politicians if buy+ m5 makes !m *attels4 ,! ,:igs say t ,b5ton & ,rives 7 b\ght by ! adm9i/ration ) ! surplus rev5ue2 & ! o!r p>ty1 t ,clay & ,web/] 7 b\ght by ! ,bank4 ,! hi/ories ( ! revolution tell u t ,b5$ict ,arnold 0 b\ght by ,briti% gold4 ,did t make him an article ( prop]ty8 ,:5 a nor!rn cl]gyman m>ries a ri* s\!rn wid[1 c\ntry gossip hits (f ! indec5cy ) ?is curr5t phrase1 ,! cotton bags b\ght him4 ,:5 ,rob]t ,walpole said1 ,e man has 8 price1 & :oev] w pay x c buy him1 & :5 ,john ,r&olph said1 :ile ! ,miss\ri "q 0 p5d+1 ,! nor!rn delegation is 9 ! m>ket2 give me money en\gh1 & ,i c buy !m1 !y bo? meant j :at !y said4 ,:5 ! temp]ance publications tell u t c&idates = (fice buy m5 ) :iskey2 & ! oracles ( /reet tattle1 t ! c\rt1 di/rict attorney1 & jury1 9 ! late trial ( ,rob9son 7 b\ght1 we h no float+ visions ( *attels p]sonal1 man auctions1 or c(fles4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! foll[+ /atute is n[ 9 =ce 9 ! /ate ( ,ill9ois--,no negro1 mulatto1 or ,indian1 %all at any "t pur*ase any s]vant o!r ?an ( _! own complexion3 & if any ( ! p]sons a=esaid %all presume to pur*ase a :ite s]vant1 su* s]vant %all imm$iately become free1 & %all be s held1 deem$1 & tak54 ,! transaction betwe5 ,joseph & ! ,egyptians gives a clue to ! mean+ atta*$ to buy & b\ght ) money4 ,see ,g54 xlvii4 #ah-bf4 ,! ,egyptians propos$ to ,joseph to become s]vants1 & t he %\ld buy !m4 ,:5 ! b>ga9 0 clos$1 ,joseph said1 ,behold ,i h b\ght y ?is day1 & yet x is pla9 t nei!r ( ! p>ties dream$ t ! p]sons b\ght 7 9 any s5se articles ( prop]ty1 b m]ely t !y became !reby obligat$ to labor = ! gov]nm5t on c]ta9 conditions1 z a comp5sation = ! entire support ( !mselves & families dur+ ! fam9e4 ,& t ! idea atta*$ to buy u1 & behold ,i h b\ght y1 0 m]ely ! procur+ ( s]vices volunt>ily (f]$1 & secur$ by contract1 z a return = value receiv$1 & n at all t ! ,egyptians 7 b]eft ( _! p]sonal own]%ip1 & made articles ( prop]ty4 ,& ?is buy+ ( s]vices 7!y 7 to give "o-fif? "p ( _! crops to ,ph>aoh7 is call$ 9 ,scripture usage1 buy+ ! p]sons4 ,?is case des]ves special notice1 z x is ! only "o :]e ! :ole transaction ( buy+ s]vants is detail$--! prelim9>ies1 ! process1 ! mutual acquiesc5ce1 & ! p]man5t relation result+ !refrom4 ,9 all o!r in/ances1 ! m]e fact is /at$ )\t ent]+ into p>ticul>s4 ,9 ?is case1 ! :ole process is laid op54 #a4 ,! p]sons b\ght1 sold !mselves1 & ( _! own accord4 #b4 ,obta9+ p]man5tly ! s]vices ( p]sons1 or ev5 a portion ( !m1 is call$ buy+ ^? p]sons4 ,! objector1 at ! outset1 assumes t s]vants 7 b\ght ( ?ird p]sons2 & !nce inf]s t !y 7 articles ( prop]ty4 ,?is is %e] assumption4 ,n a s+le in/ance is record$1 ( a s]vant be+ sold by any "o b himself2 n a case1 ei!r "u ! patri>*al1 or ! ,mosaic sy/ems1 9 :i* a ma/] sold 8 s]vant4 ,t ! s]vants :o 7 b\ght sold !mselves1 is a fair inf]5ce f v>i\s passages ( ,scripture4 ,9 ,leviticus xxv4 #dg1 ! case ( ! ,israelite1 :o became ! s]vant ( ! /rang]1 ! words are1 ,if he ,,sell ,,himself unto ! /rang]4 ,! same ^w1 & ! same =m ( ! ^w1 :i*1 9 ! #dg? v]se1 is r5d]$ sell himself1 is 9 ! #ci? v]se ( ! same *apt]1 r5d]$ be sold2 9 ,deut4 xxviii4 #fh1 ! same ^w is r5d]$ be sold4 ,"h x is ! ,hi?pael conjugation1 :i* is reflexive 9 its =ce1 &1 l ! middle voice 9 ,greek1 repres5ts :at an individual does = himself2 or 9 8 own conc]ns2 & %\ld manife/ly h be5 r5d]$1 ye %all (f] y\rselves = sale4 ,= a clue to ,scripture usage on ?is po9t1 see #a ,k+s xxi4 #bj1 #be--,?\ ha/ sold ?yself to "w evil4 ,!re 0 none l to ,ahab t sold himself to "w wick$ness4--#b ,k+s xvii4 #ag4 ,!y us$ div9ation & en*antm5ts1 & sold !mselves to d evil4--,isa4 l4 #a4 ,= y\r iniquities h ye sold y\rselves4 ,isa4 lii4 #c1 ,ye h sold y\rselves ,,= ,,n\ght1 & ye %all be r$eem$ )\t money4 ,see also1 ,j]emiah xxxiv4 #ad--,romans vii4 #ad1 & vi4 #af--;,john viii4 #cd1 & ! case ( ,joseph & ! ,egyptians1 already quot$4 ,aga91 if s]vants 7 b\ght ( ?ird p]sons1 :]e are ! in/ances8 ,9 ! pur*ase ( wives1 ?\gh spok5 ( r>ely1 x is g5]ally /at$ t !y 7 b\ght ( ?ird p]sons4 ,is x n a fair inf]5ce1 if s]vants 7 b\ght ( ?ird p]sons1 t !re w\ld sometimes h be5 su* an intimation8 ,,ii4-,,! ,,lead+ ,,design ,,( ,,! ,,mosaic ,,laws ,,relat+ ,,to ,,ma/]s ,,& ,,s]vants1 ,,) ,,an ,,enum]ation ,,( ,,! ,,rights ,,& ,,privileges ,,secur$ ,,to ,,s]vants4 ,! g5]al object ( ^? /atutes1 :i* prescrib$ ! relations ( ma/] & s]vant1 0 ! good ( bo? p>ties--b m especially ! good ( ! s]vants4 ,:ile ! int]e/s ( ! ma/] 7 specially gu>d$ f injury1 ^? ( ! s]vants 7 promot$4 ,^! laws 7 a m]ciful provision = ! poor] classes1 bo? ( ! ,israelites & ,/rang]s4 ,n lay+ on burd5s1 b light5+ !m--!y 7 a grant ( privileges--a be/[m5t ( favors4 #a4 ,no s]vant f ! ,/rang]s1 c\ld rema9 a s]vant 9 ! family ( an ,israelite1 )\t becom+ a proselyte4 ,compliance ) ?is condition 0 ! price ( ! privilege4--,g5esis xvii4 #i-ad1 #bc1 #bg4 #b4 ,excommunication f ! family 0 a ,,puni%m5t4--,g5esis xxi4 #ad-,luke xvi4 #b-d4 #c4 ,! fact t e ,hebrew s]vant c\ld ,,compel 8 ma/] to keep him aft] ! six ye>s contract _h1 expir$1 %[s t ! sy/em 0 fram$ to advance ! int]e/s & gratify ! wi%es ( ! s]vant q z mu* z ^? ( ! ma/]4 ,if ! s]vant dem&$ x1 ! law oblig$ ! ma/] to reta9 him 9 8 h\sehold1 h[ev] little he might ne$ 8 s]vices1 or great 8 dislike to ! individual4 ,deut4 xv4 #ab-ag1 & ,exodus xxi4 #b-f4 #d4 ,! rights & privileges gu>ante$ by law to all s]vants4 7#a47 ,!y 7 admitt$ into cov5ant ) ,god4 ,deut4 xxix4 #aj-ac4 7#b47 ,!y 7 invit$ gue/s at all ! national & family fe/ivals ( ! h\sehold 9 :i* !y resid$4 ,exodus xii4 #dc-dd2 ,deut4 xii4 #ab1 #ah1 & xvi4 #aj-af4 7#c47 ,!y 7 /at$ly in/ruct$ 9 morality & religion4 ,deut4 xxxi4 #aj-ac2 ,jo%ua viii4 #cc-ce2 #b ,*ronicles xvii4 #h-i4 7#d47 ,!y 7 releas$ f _! regul> labor ne>ly ,,"o ,,half ,,( ,,! ,,:ole ,,"t4 ,dur+ :i*1 ! law secur$ to !m _! entire support2 & ! same public & family in/ruction t 0 provid$ = ! o!r memb]s ( ! ,hebrew community4 7a47 ,! ,law secur$ to !m ! :ole ( e sev5? ye>2 ,lev4 xxv4 #c-f2 ?us giv+ to ^? s]vants t rema9$ su* dur+ ! entire p]iod betwe5 ! jubilees1 eight :ole ye>s 7includ+ ! ,jubilee ye>7 ( unbrok5 re/4 7b47 ,e sev5? day4 ,?is 9 =ty-two ye>s1 7! eight be+ subtract$ f ! fifty7 w\ld am\nt to j six ye>s4 7c47 ,! ?ree great annual fe/ivals4 ,! ,passov]1 :i* comm5c$ on ! #ae? ( ! #a/ mon?1 & la/$ sev5 days1 ,deut4 xvi4 #c1 #h4 ,! ,p5teco/1 or ,fea/ ( ,weeks1 :i* began on ! six? day ( ! ?ird mon?1 & la/$ sev5 days4 ,lev4 xxiii4 #ae-ba4 ,& ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 :i* comm5c$ on ! #ae? ( ! sev5? mon?1 & la/$ eight days4 ,deut4 xvi4 #ac1 #ae2 ,lev4 xxiii4 #cd-ci4 ,z all met 9 "o place1 mu* "t w\ld be sp5t on ! j\rney4 ,_! cumb]$ c>avans mov$ sl[ly4 ,aft] _! arrival at ! place ( sacrifice1 a day or two at lea/1 w\ld be requisite = div]s prep>ations1 be=e ent]+ ^u ! celebration ( ! fe/ival1 besides "s "t at ! close ( x1 9 prep>ations = _! return4 ,if we assign ?ree weeks to ea* fe/ival--includ+ ! "t sp5t on ! j\rney go+ & return+1 & ! delays be=e & aft] ! celebration1 toge!r ) ! fe/ival week2 x w be a small all[ance = ! cessation ( _! regul> labor4 ,z !re 7 ?ree fe/ivals 9 ! ye>1 ! ma9 body ( ! s]vants w\ld be abs5t f _! /at$ employm5ts at lea/ n9e weeks annually1 :i* w\ld am\nt 9 =ty-two ye>s1 subtract+ ! sabba?s1 to six ye>s & eighty-f\r days4 7e47 ,! new moons4 ,! ,jewi% ye> _h twelve2 ,josephus tells u t ! ,jews always kept two days = ! new moon4 ,see ,calmet on ! ,jewi% ,cal5d]1 & ,horne's ,introduction2 also #a ,sam4 xx1 #ah1 #ai1 #bg4 ,?is w\ld am\nt 9 =ty-two ye>s1 to two ye>s1 two hundr$ & eighty days1 aft] ! necess>y subtractions4 7f47 ,! fea/ ( trumpets4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! sev5? mon?1 & ( ! civil ye>4 ,lev4 xxiii4 #bd1 #be4 7g47 ,! day ( atonem5t4 ,on ! t5? ( ! sev5? mon?4 ,lev4 xxiii4 #bg-cb4 ,^! two la/ fea/s w\ld consume n less ?an sixty-five days ( "t n o!rwise reckon$4 ,?us x appe>s t ^? p]sons :o cont9u$ s]vants dur+ ! :ole p]iod betwe5 ! jubilees1 7 by law releas$ f _! labor1 ,,tw5ty-,,?ree ,,ye>s ,,& ,,sixty-,,f\r ,,days1 ,,out ,,( ,,fifty ,,ye>s1 & ^? :o rema9$ a less "t1 9 ne>ly ! same proportion4 ,9 ! =ego+ calculation1 besides mak+ a g5]\s donation ( all ! fractions to ! objector1 we h left out ( ! acc\nt1 ^? num]\s local fe/ivals to :i* frequ5t allusion is made1 z 9 ,judges xxi4 #ai2 #a ,sam4 #i? *apt]4 ,& ! v>i\s family fe/ivals1 su* z at ! wean+ ( *ildr52 at m>riages2 at %eep %e>+s2 at ! mak+ ( cov5ants1 c41 to :i* ref]5ce is (t5 made1 z 9 #a/ ,sam4 xx4 #bh1 #bi4 ,nei!r h we includ$ ^? memorable fe/ivals in/itut$ at a lat] p]iod ( ! ,jewi% hi/ory4 ,! fea/ ( ,purim1 ,e/h]1 ix4 #bh1 #bi2 & ! fea/ ( ! ,d$ication1 :i* la/$ eight days4 ,john x4 #bb2 #a ,mac4 iv4 #ei4 ,f9ally1 ! ,mosaic sy/em secur$ to s]vants1 an am\nt ( "t1 :i*1 if di/ribut$1 w\ld on an av]age be almo/ ,,"o ,,half ,,( ,,! ,,days ,,9 ,,ea* ,,ye>4 ,mean:ile1 !y & _! families 7 support$1 & furni%$ ) opportunities ( in/ruction4 ,if ?is am\nt ( "t 7 di/ribut$ ov] e day1 ! s]vants w\ld h to !mselves1 all b a fraction ( ,,"o ,,half ,,( ,,ea* ,,day1 & w\ld labor = _! ma/]s ! rema9+ fraction & ! o!r half ( ! day4 ,,?is ,,regulation ,,is ,a ,,"p ,,( ,,t ,,mosaic ,,sy/em ,,:i* ,,is ,,claim$ ,,by ,,slavehold]s ,,z ,,! ,,great ,,prototype ,,( ,,am]ican ,,slav]y4 #e4 ,! s]vant 0 protect$ by law equally ) ! o!r memb]s ( ! community4 ,pro(--,he> ! causes betwe5 y\r bre?r51 & judge righte\sly betwe5 e man & 8 neighbor1 & ,,! ,,/rang] ,,t ,,is ,,) ,,him4 ,ye %all n ,,respect ,,p]sons 9 judgm5t1 b ye %all he> ! ,,small z well z ! great4 ,deut4 i4 #af1 #ag4 ,also 9 ,lev4 xxiv4 #bb4 ,ye %all h "o mann] ( law z well = ! /rang]1 z = "o ( y\r own c\ntry1 = ,i am ! ,"l y\r ,god4 ,s ,numb]s xv4 #bi4 ,ye %all h ,,"o ,,law = him t s9ne? ?r\gh ignorance1 bo? = him t is born among ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & = ! ,,/rang] t soj\rne? among !m4 ,deut4 xxvii4 #ai4 ,curs$ be he t ,,p]v]te? ,,! ,,judgm5t ,,( ,,! ,,/rang]1 ! fa!rless & ! wid[4 #f4 ,! ,mosaic sy/em enjo9$ ^u ! ,israelites ! greate/ affection & k9dness t[>d _! s]vants1 =eign z well z ,jewi%4 ,lev4 xix4 #cd4 ,! /rang] t dwelle? ) y %all be unto y z "o born among y1 & ?\ %alt love him z ?yself4 ,also ,deut4 x4 #ag1 #ai4 ,= ! ,"l y\r ,god is ,god ( gods1 & ,"l ( lords1 a great ,god1 a mighty & a t]rible1 :i* ,,reg>de? ,,n ,,p]sons1 nor take? rew>d4 ,he do? execute ! judgm5t ( ! fa!rless & wid[1 & ,,love? ,,! ,,/rang]1 9 giv+ him food & raim5t1 ,,love ,,ye ,,!re=e ,,! ,,/rang]4 ,s ,exodus xxii4 #ba4 ,?\ %alt nei!r vex a /rang] nor oppress him4 ,exodus xxiii4 #i4 ,?\ %alt n oppress a /rang]1 = ye "k ! he>t ( a /rang]4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ce1 #cf4 ,if ?y bro!r be wax5 poor ?\ %alt relieve him1 yea1 ?\gh he be a ,,/rang] or a soj\rn]1 t he may live ) !e1 take ?\ no usury ( him or increase1 b fe> ?y ,god4 ,:at an absurdity to suppose t ?is same /rang] c\ld be tak5 by "o t fe>$ 8 ,god1 held z a slave1 & robb$ ( "t1 e>n+s1 & all 8 rights6 #g4 ,s]vants 7 plac$ ^u a level ) _! ma/]s 9 all civil & religi\s rights4 ,see ,numb]s xv4 #ae1 #af1 #bi4 ,numb4 ix4 #ad4 ,deut1 i4 #af1 #ag4 ,lev4 xxiv4 #bb4 ,,iii4--,,did ,,p]sons ,,become ,,s]vants ,,volunt>ily1 ,,or ,,7 ,,!y ,,made ,,s]vants ,,aga9/ ,,_! ,,wills8 ,we argue t !y became s]vants ( _! own accord1 #a4 ,because to become a s]vant 9 ! family ( an ,israelite1 0 to abjure idolatry1 to ent] into cov5ant ) ,god,a1 to be circumcis$ 9 tok5 ( x1 to be b\nd to ! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba?1 ( ! ,passov]1 ! ,p5teco/1 & ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 & to receive in/ruction 9 all ! p>ticul>s ( ! moral & c]emonial law4 ,footnote ,a3 ,maimonides1 :o wrote 9 ,egypt ab\t sev5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 a contempor>y ) ,j>*i1 & :o /&s ) him at ! head ( ,jewi% writ]s1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony on ?is po9t3 ,:e!r a s]vant be born 9 ! p[] ( an ,israelite1 or :e!r he be pur*as$ f ! hea!n1 ! ma/] is to br+ !m bo? into ! cov5ant4 ,b he t is 9 ! h\se is ent]$ on ! eigh? day1 & he t is b\ght ) money1 on ! day on :i* ! ma/] receives him1 unless ! slave be unwill+4 ,= if ! ma/] receive a gr[n slave1 & he be unwill+1 8 ma/] is to be> ) him1 to seek to w9 him ov] by in/ruction1 & by love & k9dness1 = "o ye>4 ,aft] :i*1 %\ld he refuse s long1 x is =bidd5 to keep him1 long] ?an a ye>4 ,& ! ma/] mu/ s5d him back to ! /rang]s f :5ce he came4 ,= ! ,god ( ,jacob w n accept any o!r ?an ! wor%ip ( a will+ he>t4--,maimon1 ,hilco?1 ,milo?1 ,*ap4 #a/1 ,sec4 #h?4 ,! anci5t ,jewi% ,doctors agree 9 ! te/imony1 t ! s]vant f ! /rang]s :o at ! close ( 8 probation>y ye> /ill refus$ to adopt ! religion ( ! ,mosaic sy/em1 & 0 on t acc\nt cut (f f ! family1 & s5t back to 8 own p1 receiv$ a full comp5sation = 8 s]vices1 besides ! paym5t ( 8 exp5ses4 ,b t po/ponem5t ( ! circumcision ( ! =eign s]vant = a ye> 7or ev5 at all aft] he _h ent]$ ! family ( an ,israelite7 ( :i* ! ,mi%nic doctors speak1 seems to h be5 a m]e usage4 ,we f9d no?+ ( x 9 ! regulations ( ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,circumcision 0 manife/ly a rite /rictly initiatory4 ,:e!r x 0 a rite m]ely national or spiritual1 or bo?1 comes n )9 ! scope ( ?is inquiry4 ,nor does x at all affect ! argum5t4 ,7 ! s]vants =c$ ?r\gh all ^! processes8 ,0 ! r5unciation ( idolatry compulsory8 ,7 !y dragg$ into cov5ant ) ,god8 ,7 !y seiz$ & circumcis$ by ma9 /r5g?8 ,7 !y compell$ me*anically to *ew1 & swall[1 ! fle% ( ! ,pas*al lamb1 :ile !y abhorr$ ! in/itution1 despis$ its c]emonies1 spurn$ ! law :i* enjo9$ x1 dete/$ its au?or & executors1 & in/ead ( rejoic+ 9 ! deliv]ance :i* x commemmorat$1 bewail$ x z a calamity1 & curs$ ! day ( its consummation8 ,7 !y driv5 f all p>ts ( ! l& ?ree times 9 ! ye> up to ! annual fe/ivals8 ,7 !y drugg$ ) in/ruction :i* !y nauseat$8 ,7 !y goad$ ?r\gh a r\nd ( c]emonies1 to !m s5seless & disgu/+ mumm]ies2 & drill$ into ! tactics ( a cre$ rank ) loa!d abom9ations8 ,we repeat x1 to become a s]vant1 0 to become a proselyte4 ,& h[ did ,god au?orize 8 p to make proselytes8 ,at ! po9t ( ! sword8 ,by ! t]ror ( pa9s & p5alties8 ,by conv]t+ m5 into m]*&ise8 ,7 proselyte & *attel synonymes1 9 ! ,div9e vocabul>y8 ,mu/ a man be sunk to a ?+ be=e tak5 into cov5ant ) ,god8 ,0 ?is ! /ipulat$ condition ( adoption1 & ! sole passport to ! communion ( ! sa9ts8 #b4 ,we argue ! volunt>9ess ( s]vants f ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae1 #af1 ,?\ %all n deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant :i* is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto !e4 ,he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose1 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/2 ?\ %alt n oppress him4 ,z ?\gh ,god _h said1 ,to deliv] him up w\ld be to recognize ! "r ( ! ma/] to hold him4 ,8 flee+ %[s 8 *oice--proclaims 8 wrongs1 8 ma/]'s oppressive acts1 & 8 own claim to legal protection4 ,y %all n =ce him back1 & ?us recognize ! "r ( ! ma/] to hold him 9 su* a condition z induces him to flee to o!rs = protection4 ,x may be object$1 t ?is comm& _h no ref]5ce to s]vants among ! ,israelites1 b only to ^? ( hea!n ma/]s 9 ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,we answ]1 ,! regulation has no re/riction4 ,its t]ms are unlimit$4 ,b ! objection1 ev5 if valid1 m]ely %ifts ! pressure ( ! difficulty to ano!r po9t4 ,does ,god array 8 inf9ite au?ority to protect ! free *oice ( a s+le s]vant f ! hea!n1 & yet au?orize ! same p]sons1 to cru% ! free *oice ( ?\s&s ( s]vants f ! hea!n6 ,suppose a case4 ,a =eign s]vant flees f 8 ma/] to ! ,israelites2 ,god speaks1 ,he %all dwell ) !e1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose1 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/4 ,!y 7 /rictly *>g$ n to put him 9 a condition :i* he did n *oose4 ,n[1 suppose ?is same s]vant1 in/ead ( com+ into ,israel ( 8 own accord1 _h be5 dragg$ 9 by "s kidnapp] :o b\ght him ( 8 ma/]1 & =c$ him into a condition aga9/ 8 w4 ,w\ld ,he :o =bade su* treatm5t ( ! /rang]1 :o volunt>ily came into ! l&1 sanction ! same treatm5t ( ! same p]son1 provid$ 9 addition to ?is la/ outrage1 ! previ\s "o _h be5 committ$ ( =c+ him into ! nation aga9/ 8 w8 ,to commit viol5ce on ! free *oice ( a =eign s]vant is a horrible enormity1 =soo?1 ,,provid$ y beg9 ! viol5ce aft] he has come among y4 ,b if y commit ! fir/ act1 on ! o!r side ( ! l9e2 if y beg9 ! outrage by buy+ him f a ?ird p]son aga9/ 8 w1 & !n te> him f home1 & drag him across ! l9e into ! l& ( ,israel1 & hold him z a slave--ah6 t alt]s ! case1 & y may p]petrate ! viol5ce n[ ) impunity6 ,w\ld great] favor h be5 %[n to ?is new com] f ! hea!n ?an to ! old resid5ts--^? :o _h be5 s]vants 9 ,jewi% families p]haps = a g5]ation8 ,7 ! ,israelites comm&$ to ex]cise t[>d him1 uncircumcis$ & out ( ! cov5ant1 a ju/ice & k9dness d5i$ to ! multitude1 :o 7 circumcis$1 & )9 ! cov5ant8 ,aga93 ! objector f9ds small ga9 to 8 argum5t on ! supposition t ! cov5ant respect$ m]ely ! fugitives f ! surr\nd+ nations1 :ile x left ! s]vants ( ! ,israelites 9 a condition aga9/ _! wills--! objector f9ds small ga9 to 8 argum5t4 ,9 t case1 ! surr\nd+ nations w\ld ( c\rse adopt retaliatory measures1 & resolve !mselves into s _m asylums = fugitive ,israeliti% s]vants4 ,z ^! nations 7 on e side ( !m su* a proclamation w\ld h be5 an effectual lure to m5 held 9 a condition :i* 0 a con/ant c\nt]action ( w4 ,fur!r1 ! objector's assumption de/roys itself2 = ! same comm& :i* protect$ ! =eign s]vant f ! p[] ( 8 ma/]1 protect$ him equally f ! p[] ( an ,israelite4 ,x 0 n m]ely1 ,?\ %alt n deliv] him to 8 ma/]1 b he 7! s]vant7 %all dwell ) !e1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose1 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/4 ,e ,israelite 0 comm&$ to respect 8 free *oice1 & to put him 9 no condition aga9/ 8 w4 ,:at 0 ?is b a proclamation1 t all :o *ose to live 9 ! l& & obey ! laws1 7 left to _! own free w1 to dispose ( _! s]vices at su* a rate1 to su* p]sons1 & 9 su* places z !y pleas$8 ,besides1 grant t ?is comm& prohibit$ ! s5d+ back ( =eign s]vants m]ely1 0 ! any law requir+ ! return ( s]vants :o _h escap$ f ! ,israelites8 ,!re 0 a /atute requir+ ! return ( prop]ty lo/1 & cattle escap$1 b none requir+ ! return ( escap$ s]vants4 ,f9ally1 ^! v]ses conta91 fir/1 a comm&1 ,?\ %alt n deliv]1 c4 ,secondly1 a decl>ation ( ! fugitive's "r ( free *oice1 & ( ,god's w t he %\ld ex]cise x at 8 own discretion2 & ?irdly1 a comm& gu>d+ ?is "r1 namely1 ,?\ %alt n oppress him1 z ?\gh ,god _h said1 ,if y =bid him to ex]cise 8 own *oice1 z to ! place & condition ( 8 resid5ce1 x is oppression1 & ,i w n tol]ate x4 #c4 ,we argue ! volunt>9ess ( s]vants f _! peculi> opportunities & facilities = escape4 ,?ree times e ye>1 all ! males ov] twelve ye>s ( age1 7 requir$ to att5d ! public fe/ivals4 ,! ma9 body 7 ?us abs5t f _! homes n less ?an ?ree weeks ea* "t1 mak+ n9e weeks annually4 ,z ^! c>avans mov$ ov] ! c\ntry1 7 !re milit>y sc\ts l9+ ! way1 to int]cept des]t]s8--a corporal's gu>d /ation$ at ea* pass ( ! m\nta9s1 s5t9els pac+ ! hill-tops1 & light horse sc\r+ ! defiles8 ,:at safe contrivance _h ! ,israelites = tak+ _! slaves ?ree times 9 a ye> to ,j]usalem & back8 ,:5 a body ( slaves is mov$ any di/ance 9 our free & equal republic1 !y are h&cuff$ to keep !m f runn+ away1 or beat+ _! driv]s' bra9s out4 ,0 ?is ! ,mosaic plan1 or an improvem5t left = ! wisdom ( ,solomon8 ,! usage1 d\btless1 claims a pat]nity n less v5]able & biblical6 ,p]haps !y 7 la%$ ^u camels1 & transport$ 9 bundles1 or cag$ up1 & trundl$ on :eels to & fro1 & :ile at ! ,holy ,city1 lodg$ 9 jail = safe keep+1 religions s]vices extra be+ appo9t$1 & special ,,oral in/ruction = _! b5efit4 ,b mean:ile1 :at became ( ! /urdy h&maids left at home8 ,:at h9d]$ !m f m>*+ (f 9 a body8 ,p]haps ! ,israeliti% matrons /ood s5try 9 rotation r\nd ! kit*5s1 :ile ! "y ladies sc\r$ ! c\ntry1 z m\nt$ rang]s1 to pick up /raggl]s by day1 & patroll$ ! /reets z city gu>ds1 keep+ a %>p look-out at night4 #d4 ,_! cont9uance 9 ,jewi% families dep5d$ ^u ! p]=mance ( v>i\s rites & c]emonies necess>ily ,,volunt>y4 ,suppose a s]vant f ! hea!n %\ld1 ^u ent]+ a ,jewi% family1 refuse circumcision2 ! "q :e!r he %all rema9 a s]vant1 is 9 8 own h&s4 ,if a slave1 h[ simple ! process ( emancipation6 ,8 refusal did ! job4 ,or1 suppose t1 at any "t1 he %\ld refuse to att5d ! tri-ye>ly fea/s1 or %\ld eat leav5$ bread dur+ ! ,passov]1 or comp\nd ! +r$i5ts ( ! ano9t+ oil1 he is cut (f f ! p2 excommunicat$4 #e4 ,we inf] ! volunt>9ess ( ! s]vants ( ! ,patri>*s f ! impossibility ( _! be+ held aga9/ _! wills4 ,! s]vants ( ,abraham are an illu/ration4 ,at "o "t he _h ?ree hundr$ & eighte5 "y m5 born 9 8 h\se1 & probably _m m n born 9 8 h\se4 ,! :ole numb] ( 8 s]vants ( all ages1 0 probably ,,_m ,,?\s&s4 ,d\btless1 ,abraham 0 a man ( a million1 & ,s>ah too1 a "r notable h\sekeep]2 /ill1 x is n easy to conceive h[ !y contriv$ to hold s _m ?\s& s]vants aga9/ _! wills1 unless ! patri>* & 8 wife took turns 9 p]=m+ ! ,hib]nian exploit ( surr\nd+ !m6 ,! neighbor+ tribes1 in/ead ( con/itut+ a picket gu>d to hem 9 8 s]vants1 w\ld h be5 f> m likely to sweep !m & him into captivity1 z !y did ,lot & 8 h\sehold4 ,besides1 ,abraham _h nei!r ,con/itution1 nor compact1 nor /atutes1 nor judicial (fic]s to s5d back 8 fugitives1 nor a truckl+ police to p\nce ^u panic-/rick5 wom51 nor g5tleman-kidnapp]s1 su+ = patronage1 volunte]+ to h[l on ! track1 boa/+ _! blood-h\nd sc5t1 & pl$g+ _! honor to hunt d[n & deliv] up1 provid$ !y _h a description ( ! fle% m>ks1 & 7 /imulat$ 9 _! *ivalry by pieces ( silv]4 ,abraham seems also to h be5 sadly defici5t 9 all ! auxili>ies ( family gov]nm5t1 su* z /ocks1 h& cuffs1 foot-*a9s1 yokes1 gags1 & ?umb-screws4 ,8 de/itution ( ^! patri>*al indisp5sables is ! m afflict+1 :5 we consid] 8 fai?ful dis*>ge ( responsibilities to 8 h\sehold1 ?\gh s deplorably de/itute ( ! ne$ful aids4 #f4 ,we inf] t s]vants 7 volunt>y1 f ! fact t !re is no in/ance ( an ,israeliti% ma/] ev] ,,sell+ a s]vant4 ,abraham _h ?\s&s ( s]vants1 b appe>s nev] to h sold "o4 ,isaac grew until he became v great1 & _h great /ore ( s]vants4 ,jacob's y\? 0 sp5t 9 ! family ( ,laban1 :]e he liv$ a s]vant tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,aft]w>d he _h a l>ge numb] ( s]vants4 ,:5 ,joseph s5t = ,jacob to come into ,egypt1 ! words are1 ?\ & ?y *ildr51 & ?y *ildr5's *ildr51 & ?y flocks & ?y h]ds1 & ,,all ,,t ,,?\ ,,ha/4 ,jacob took 8 flocks & h]ds b no s]vants4 ,g5 xlv4 #aj2 xlvii4 #f2 xlvii4 #a4 ,8 s]vants d\btless1 s]v$ "u _! own contracts1 & :5 ,jacob w5t into ,egypt1 !y *ose to /ay 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,! gov]nm5t might sell ?ieves1 if !y _h no prop]ty1 until _! s]vices _h made good ! injury1 & paid ! legal f9e4 ,ex4 xxii4 #c4 ,b ma/]s seem to h _h no p[] to sell _! s]vants--! reason is obvi\s4 ,to give ! ma/] a "r to sell 8 s]vant1 w\ld annihilate ! s]vant's "r ( *oice 9 8 own disposal2 b says ! objector1 ,to give ! ma/] a "r to buy a s]vant1 equally annihilates ! s]vant's "r ( *oice4 ,answ]4 ,x is "o ?+ to h a "r to buy a man1 & a v diff]5t ?+ to h a "r to buy him ( ano!r man4 ,?\gh !re is no in/ance ( a s]vant be+ b\ght ( 81 or h] ma/]1 yet !re are in/ances ( "y females be+ b\ght ( _! fa!rs4 ,b _! pur*ase z s]vants 0 _! betro?al z ,,wives4 ,exodus xxi4 #g1 #h4 ,if a man sell 8 daught] to be a maid-s]vant1 %e %all n g out z ! m5-s]vants d4 ,if %e please n h] ma/] ,,:o ,,ha? ,,betro!d ,,h] ,,to ,,himself1 he %all let h] be r$eem$,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! comm5t ( ,maimonides on ?is passage is z foll[s3 ,a ,hebrew h&maid might n be sold b to "o :o laid himself "u obligations1 to esp\se h] to himself or to 8 son1 :5 %e 0 fit to be betro!d4--,maimonides--,hilco?--,ob$im1 ,*4 ,,iv4 ,sec4 ,,xi4 ,j>*i1 on ! same passage1 says1 ,he is b\nd to esp\se h] & take h] to be 8 wife = ! money ( h] pur*ase is ! money ( h] esp\sals4 #g4 ,we inf] t ! ,hebrew s]vant 0 volunt>y 9 ,,comm5c+ 8 s]vice1 because he 0 pre-em95tly s ,,9 ,,cont9u+ x4 ,if1 at ! ye> ( release1 x 0 ! s]vant's *oice to rema9 ) 8 ma/]1 s did ! law gu>d 8 free w1 t x requir$ 8 e> to be bor$ by ! judges ( ! l&1 ?us mak+ x impossible = ! s]vant to be held 9 an involunt>y condition4 ,yea1 s f> 0 8 free *oice protect$1 t 8 ma/] 0 compell$ to keep him1 h[ev] mu* he might wi% to get rid ( him4 #h4 ,! me?od prescrib$ = procur+ s]vants1 recogniz$ _! *oice1 & 0 an appeal to x4 ,! ,israelites 7 comm&$ to (f] !m a suitable inducem5t1 & !n leave !m to decide4 ,!y might nei!r seize by =ce1 nor fright5 !m by ?reats1 nor :e$le !m by false pret5ses1 nor borr[ !m1 nor beg !m2 b !y 7 comm&$ to ,,buy !m,a2 t is1 !y 7 to recognize ! "r ( ! individuals to _! own s]vices--_! "r to dispose ( !m1 & _! "r to refuse all (f]s4 ,!y might1 if !y pleas$1 refuse all applications1 & ?us oblige ^? :o made !m1 to d _! own "w4 ,suppose all1 ) "o accord1 refus$ to become s]vants1 :at provision did ! ,mosaic law make = su* an em]g5cy8 ,,none4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! case ( ?ieves1 ^: s]vices 7 sold until !y _h e>n$ en\gh to make re/itution to ! p]son wrong$1 & to pay ! legal p5alty1 /&s by itself1 & has no relation to ! condition ( s]vants4 #i4 ,v>i\s incid5tal expressions ?r\gh\t ! ,bible1 corroborate ! idea t s]vants became su* by virtue ( _! own contract4 ,job xli4 #d4 is an illu/ration1 ,w he 7,levia?an7 make a ,,cov5ant ) !e8 wilt ?\ take him = a ,,s]vant =ev]8 #aj4 ,! transaction :i* made ! ,egyptians ! ,,s]vants ,,( ,,ph>oah1 %[s entire volunt>9ess ?r\gh\t4 ,x is detail$ 9 ,g54 xlvii4 #ah-bf4 ,( _! own accord1 !y came to ,joseph & said1 ,we h n aught left b our bodies & our l&s2 buy u2 !n 9 ! #be? v]se1 ,?\ ha/ sav$ our lives3 let u f9d grace 9 ! sight ( my ,"l1 & we w be s]vants to ,ph>aoh4 #aa4 ,we argue t ! condition ( s]vants 0 an ,,optional "o f ! fact t ,,ri* /rang]s did n become s]vants4 ,inde$1 s f> 7 !y f becom+ s]vants !mselves1 t !y b\ght & held ,jewi% s]vants4 ,lev4 xxv4 #dg4 #ab4 ,! sacrifices & (f]+s :i* ,,all 7 requir$ to pres5t1 7 to be made ,,volunt>ily4 ,lev4 i4 #b1 #c4 #ac4 ,m5tion is (t5 made ( p]sons becom+ s]vants :]e !y 7 manife/ly & pre-em95tly ,,volunt>y4 ,! case ( ! ,prophet ,eli%a is "o4 #a ,k+s xix4 #ba2 #b ,k+s iii4 #aa4 ,elijah 0 8 ma/]4 ,! orig9al ^w1 translat$ ma/]1 is ! same t is s r5d]$ 9 almo/ e in/ance :]e ma/]s are spok5 ( ?r\gh\t ! ,mosaic & patri>*al sy/ems4 ,x is translat$ ma/] eighty-five times 9 our ,engli% v]sion4 ,moses 0 ! s]vant ( ,je?ro4 ,exodus iii4 #a4 ,jo%ua 0 ! s]vant ( ,moses4 ,numb]s xi4 #bh4 ,jacob 0 ! s]vant ( ,laban4 ,g5esis xxix1 #ah-bg4 ,,iv4 ,,7 ,,! ,,s]vants ,,=c$ ,,to ,,"w ,,)\t ,,pay8 ,hav+ already %[n t ! s]vants became & cont9u$ su* ( _! own accord1 x w\ld be no small m>vel if !y *ose to "w )\t pay4 ,_! becom+ s]vants1 pre-supposes comp5sation z a motive4 ,t !y 7 paid = _! labor1 we argue1 #a4 ,because1 :ile ,israel 0 "u ! ,mosaic sy/em1 ,god rebuk$ 9 ?und]1 ! s9 ( us+ ! labor ( o!rs )\t wages4 ,wo unto him t builde? 8 h\se by unrighte\sness1 & 8 *amb]s by wrong2 t use? 8 neighbor's s]vice )\t wages1 & give? him n = 8 "w4 ,j]4 xxii4 #ac4 ,"h ,god te/ifies t to use ! s]vice ( o!rs )\t wages is unrighte\sness1 & ,he commissions 8 wo to burn ^u ! do] ( ! wrong4 ,?is wo 0 a p]man5t safegu>d ( ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,! ,hebrew ^w ,rea1 "h translat$ neighbor1 does n mean "o man1 or class ( m51 9 di/9ction f o!rs1 b any "o ) :om we h to d--all descriptions ( p]sons1 n m]ely s]vants & hea!n1 b ev5 ^? :o prosecute u 9 lawsuits1 & enemies :ile 9 ! act ( fight+ u--,z :5 a man rise? aga9/ 8 ,,neighbor & slaye? him4 ,deut4 xxii4 #bf4 ,g n =? ha/ily to /rive1 le/ ?\ "k n :at to d 9 ! end !re(1 :5 ?y ,,neighbor ha? put !e to %ame4 ,prov4 xxv4 #h4 ,?\ %alt n be> false witness aga9/ ?y ,,neighbor4 ,exod4 xx4 #af4 ,if any man come presumptu\sly ^u 8 ,,neighbor to slay him ) guile4 ,exod4 xxi4 #ad4 ,9 ^!1 & 9 scores ( simil> cases1 ,rea is ! orig9al ^w4 #b4 ,we h ! te/imony ( ,god1 t 9 our duty to our fell[ m51 ,,all ,,! ,,law ,,& ,,! ,,prophets hang ^u ?is comm&1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,our ,savi\r1 9 giv+ ?is comm&1 quot$ v]batim "o ( ! laws ( ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,lev4 xix4 #ah4 ,9 ! #cd? v]se ( ! same *apt]1 ,moses comm&s ob$i5ce to ?is law 9 all ! treatm5t ( /rang]s1 ,! /rang] t dwelle? ) y %all be unto y z "o born among y1 & ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,love ,,him ,,z ,,?yself4 ,if x be lov+ o!rs z ourselves1 to make !m "w = u )\t pay2 to rob !m ( food & clo?+1 z well z wages1 w\ld be a /rang] illu/ration /ill ( ! law ( love6 ,sup]-dis9t]e/$ b5evol5ce6 ,& if x be do+ to o!rs z we w\ld h !m d to u1 to make !m "w = our own good alone1 ,paul %\ld be call$ to ord] = 8 h>d say+s aga9/ human nature1 especially = t libell\s matt] 9 ,ephes4 v4 #bi1 ,no man ev] yet hat$ 8 own fle%1 b n\ri%e? & *]i%e? x4 #c4 ,z p]sons became s]vants ,,f ,,pov]ty1 we argue t !y 7 comp5sat$1 s9ce !y frequ5tly own$ prop]ty1 & sometimes a l>ge am\nt4 ,ziba1 ! s]vant ( ,mephibo%e?1 gave ,david a pr9cely pres5t1 ,an hundr$ loaves ( bread1 & an hundr$ bun*es ( rais9s1 & an hundr$ ( summ] fruits1 & a bottle ( w9e4 #b ,sam4 xvi4 #a4 ,! ext5t ( 8 possessions c be inf]r$ f ! fact1 t ?\gh ! fa!r ( fifte5 sons1 he /ill employ$ tw5ty s]vants1 ( :om he 0 ! ma/]4 ,a case is /at$ 9 ,leviticus xxv4 #dg-ee1 :]e a s]vant1 r$uc$ to pov]ty1 sells himself2 & x is decl>$ t aft]w>d he may be r$eem$1 ei!r by 8 k9dr$1 or by ,,himself4 ,z he 0 =c$ to sell himself f %e] pov]ty he mu/ n only h acquir$ prop]ty aft] he became a s]vant1 b a consid]able sum4 ,if x _h n be5 common = s]vants to possess1 & acquire prop]ty1 ov] :i* !y _h ! exclusive control1 ,gehazi1 ! s]vant ( ,eli%a1 w\ld h>dly h v5tur$ to take a l>ge sum ( money1 7ne>ly #cjjj;,a7 f ,naaman1 7#b ,k+s v4 #bb1 #bc47 ,z x 0 procur$ by deceit1 he 0 anxi\s to conceal ! means us$ 9 gett+ x2 b if ! ,israeliti% s]vants1 l our slaves1 c\ld own no?+1 nor acquire any ?+1 to emb>k 9 su* an ent]prise w\ld h be5 consummate /upidity4 ,! fact ( hav+ 9 8 possession two tal5ts ( silv]1 w\ld ( itself convict him ( !ft,b4 ,b s9ce ! possession & use ( prop]ty by s]vants1 0 common "u ! ,mosaic sy/em1 he might h x1 & inve/ or use x1 )\t attract+ special att5tion4 ,& t consid]ation alone w\ld h be5 a /rong motive to ! act4 ,8 ma/]1 :ile he rebukes him = us+ su* means to get ! money1 n only does n take x f him1 b seems to expect t he w\ld inve/ x 9 real e/ate1 & cattle1 & w\ld procure s]vants ) x4 #b ,k+s v4 #bf4 ,9 #a ,sam4 ix4 #h1 we f9d ! s]vant ( ,saul hav+ money1 & reliev+ 8 ma/] 9 an em]g5cy4 ,arza1 ! s]vant ( ,elah1 0 ! own] ( a h\se4 ,t x 0 spaci\s & some:at magnific5t1 w\ld be a natural inf]5ce f ! fact t x 0 a resort ( ! k+4 #a ,k+s xvi4 #i4 ,! case ( ! ,gibeonites1 :o1 aft] !y became s]vants1 /ill occupi$ _! cities1 & rema9$1 9 _m respects1 a di/9ct p = c5turies2 & t ( ! #aej1jjj ,canaanites1 ! s]vants ( ,solomon1 :o work$ out _! tribute ( bond-s]vice 9 levies1 p]iodically reliev+ ea* o!r1 :ile prep>+ ! mat]ials = ! temple1 are additional illu/rations ( indep5d5ce 9 ! acquisition & own]%ip ( prop]ty4 ,footnote ,a3 ,?\gh we h n suffici5t data to decide ) accuracy ^u ! relative value ( t sum1 !n & n[1 yet we h en\gh to w>rant u 9 say+ t two tal5ts ( silv] _h f> m value !n ?an ?ree ?\s& doll>s h n[4 ,footnote ,b3 ,:oev] he>d ( ! slaves 9 our s\!rn /ates /eal+ a l>ge am\nt ( money8 ,!y "k h[ to take c>e ( !mselves q too well = t4 ,:5 !y /eal1 !y are c>eful to d x on su* a small scale1 or 9 ! tak+ ( su* ?+s z w make detection difficult4 ,no d\bt !y /eal n[ & !n a little1 & a gap+ m>vel w\ld x be if !y did n4 ,:y %\ld !y n foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( _! ma/]s & mi/resses8 ,dull s*ol>s inde$6 if1 aft] s _m lessons f pr(ici5ts 9 ! art1 :o drive ! bus9ess by :olesale1 !y %\ld n occasionally copy _! bett]s1 fall into ! fa%ion1 & try _! h& 9 a small way1 at a practice :i* is ! only p]man5t & univ]sal bus9ess c>ri$ on ar\nd !m6 ,ignoble truly6 nev] to feel ! /irr+s ( high impulse1 prompt+ !m to imitate ! em95t patt]n set be=e !m 9 ! daily vocation ( ,honorables & ,excell5cies1 & to emulate ! illu/ri\s examples ( ,doctor ( ,div9ity & ,"r & ,v ,rev]5ds6 ,he> ,presid5t ,jeff]son's te/imony4 ,9 8 notes ( ,virg9ia1 speak+ ( slaves1 he says1 ,t disposition to !ft ) :i* !y 7! slaves7 h be5 br&$1 mu/ be ascrib$ to _! situation1 & n to any special depravity ( ! moral s5se4 ,x is a problem :i* ,i give ! ma/] to solve1 :e!r ! religi\s precepts aga9/ ! violation ( prop]ty 7 n fram$ = ,,him z well z = 8 slave--& :e!r ! slave may n z ju/ifiably take a little f "o :o has tak5 ,,all f him1 z he may slay "o :o w\ld slay him ,see ,jeff]son's ,notes on ,virg9ia1 pp4 #bjg-h #d4 ,heir%ip--,s]vants frequ5tly inh]it$ _! ma/]'s prop]ty2 especially if he _h no sons1 or if !y _h di%onor$ ! family4 ,?is seems to h be5 a g5]al usage4 ,! cases ( ,eliez]1 ! s]vant ( ,abraham2 ,ziba1 ! s]vant ( ,mephibo%e?1 ,j>ha an ,egyptian1 ! s]vant ( ,%e%an1 & ! husb& ( 8 daught]2 #a ,*ron4 ii4 #cd1 #ce1 & ( ! husb&m5 :o said ( _! ma/]'s son1 ?is is ! ,,heir1 let u kill him1 & ! ,,inh]itance ,,w ,,be ,,ours4 ,m>k xii4 #g1 are illu/rations4 ,also ! decl>ation 9 ,prov4 xvii4 #b--;,a wise s]vant %all h rule ov] a son t cause? %ame1 & ,,%all ,,h ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,inh]itance ,,among ,,! ,,bre?r54 ,?is passage seems to give s]vants prec$5ce z heirs1 ev5 ov] ! wives & daught]s ( _! ma/]s4 ,did ma/]s hold by =ce1 & plund] ( e>n+s1 a class ( p]sons1 f :i*1 9 frequ5t cont+5cies1 !y select$ bo? heirs = _! prop]ty1 & husb&s = _! daught]s8 #e4 ,,all 7 requir$ to pres5t (f]+s & sacrifices4 ,deut4 xvi4 #ae1 #ag4 #b ,*ron4 xv4 #i-aa4 ,numb4 ix4 #ac4 ,s]vants mu/ h _h p]man5tly1 ! means ( acquir+ prop]ty to meet ^! exp5ditures4 #f4 ,^? ,hebrew s]vants :o w5t out at ! sev5? ye>1 7 provid$ by law ) a l>ge /ock ( provisions & cattle4 ,deut4 xv4 #aa-ad4 ,?\ %alt furni% him lib]ally out ( ?y flock1 & out ( ?y floor1 & out ( ?y w9e press1 ( t :]e) ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? bless$ !e1 ?\ %alt give him,a4 ,if x be object$1 t no m5tion is made ( ! s]vants f ! /rang]s1 receiv+ a l b\ntiful supply1 we answ]1 nei!r did ! mo/ honorable class ( ! ,israeliti% s]vants1 ! free-hold]s2 & = ! same reason1 !y did n g out 9 ! sev5? ye>1 b cont9u$ until ! jubilee4 ,if ! fact t no m5tion is made ( ! ,g5tile s]vants receiv+ su* a gratuity proves t !y 7 robb$ ( _! e>n+s2 x proves t ! mo/ valu$ class ( ,hebrew s]vants 7 robb$ ( !irs also1 a conclusion too /ubborn = ev5 pro-slav]y ma/icators1 h[ev] unscrupul\s4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! comm5t ( ,maimonides on ?is passage is z foll[s--',?\ %alt furni% him lib]ally1' c4 ,t is to say1 ',load+ ye %all load him4' likewise e "o ( 8 family1 ) z mu* z he c take ) him 9 abundant b5efits4 ,& if x be av>ici\sly ask$1 ,h[ mu* mu/ ,i give him8 ,i say unto y1 n less ?an ?irty %ekels1 :i* is ! valuation ( a s]vant1 z decl>$ 9 ,exodus xxi4 #cb--,maimonides1 ,hilco?1 ,ob$im1 ,*apt] ii4 ,section #c4 #g4 ,! s]vants 7 ,,b\ght4 ,9 o!r words1 !y receiv$ comp5sation = _! s]vices 9 advance4 ,hav+ %[n1 "u a previ\s head1 t s]vants sold !mselves1 & ( c\rse receiv$ ! comp5sation = !mselves1 7except 9 cases :]e p>5ts hir$ out ! "t ( _! *ildr5 until !y became ( age,b17 a m]e ref]5ce to ! fact 9 ?is place is all t is requir$ = ! purposes ( ?is argum5t4 ,footnote ,b3 ,among ! ,israelites1 girls became ( age at twelve1 & boys at ?irte5 ye>s4 #h4 ,we inf] t s]vants 7 paid1 because we f9d ma/]s at "o "t hav+ a l>ge numb] ( s]vants1 & aft]w>ds none1 )\t any intimation t !y 7 sold4 ,! wages ( s]vants w\ld enable !m to set up 9 bus9ess = !mselves4 ,jacob1 aft] be+ ! s]vant ( ,laban = tw5ty-"o ye>s1 became ?us an indep5d5t h]dsman1 & 0 ! ma/] ( _m s]vants4 ,g54 xxx4 #dc1 & xxxii4 #ae4 ,b all ^! s]vants _h left him be=e he w5t d[n into ,egypt1 hav+ d\btless acquir$ en\gh to comm5ce bus9ess = !mselves4 ,g54 xlv4 #aj1 #aa1 & xlvi4 #a-g1 #cb4 #i4 ,god's te/imony to ! "* ( ,abraham4 ,g5esis xviii4 #ai4 ,= ,i "k him t he w comm& 8 *ildr5 & 8 h\sehold aft] him1 & !y %all keep ,,! ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,"l ,,to ,,d ,,ju/ice ,,& ,,judgm5t4 ,we h "h ,god's te/imony1 t ,abraham taught 8 s]vants ! way ( ! ,"l4 ,:at 0 ! way ( ! ,"l respect+ ! paym5t ( wages :]e s]vice 0 r5d]$8 ,wo unto him t use? 8 neighbor's s]vice )\t wages6 ,j]4 xxii4 #ac4 ,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is j & equal4 ,col4 iv4 #a4 ,r5d] unto all _! ,,dues4 ,,rom4 xiii4 #g4 ,! labor] is wor?y ( 8 hire4 ,luke x4 #g4 ,h[ did ,abraham tea* 8 s]vants to d ju/ice to o!rs8 ,by do+ inju/ice to !m8 ,did he exhort !m to r5d] to all _! dues by keep+ back _! own8 ,did he tea* !m t ! labor] 0 wor?y ( 8 hire by robb+ !m ( !irs8 ,did he beget 9 !m a rev]5ce = ! eigh? comm&m5t by pilf]+ all _! "t & labor8 ,did he tea* !m n to defraud o!rs 9 any matt] by d5y+ !m :at 0 j & equal8 ,if ea* ( ,abraham's pupils "u su* a cate*ism did n become a v ,ari/ides 9 ju/ice1 !n an illu/ri\s example1 patri>*al dignity1 & practical lessons1 c make b sl[ headway aga9/ human p]v]s5ess6 #aj4 ,specific precepts ( ! ,mosaic law en=c+ g5]al pr9ciples4 ,out ( _m1 we select ! foll[+3 7#a47 ,?\ %all n muzzle ! ox t treade? out ! corn1 or lit]ally1 :ile he ?re%e?4 ,deut4 xxv4 #d4 ,"h is a g5]al pr9ciple appli$ to a famili> case4 ,! ox repres5t+ all dome/ic animals4 ,isaiah xxx4 #bd4 ,a p>ticul> k9d ( s]vice--all k9ds2 & a law requir+ an abundant provision = ! wants ( an animal m9i/]+ to man 9 a c]ta9 way1--a g5]al pr9ciple ( treatm5t cov]+ all times1 modes1 & in/rum5talities ( s]vice4 ,! object ( ! law 01 n m]ely to enjo9 t5d]ness t[>ds brutes1 b to inculcate ! duty ( rew>d+ ^? :o s]ve u1 %[+ t !y :o labor = o!rs1 are entitl$ to :at is j & equal 9 return2 & if su* c>e is enjo9$1 by ,god1 n m]ely = ! ample su/5ance1 b = ! pres5t enjoym5t ( a brute1 :at w\ld be a meet return = ! s]vices ( man8 ,,man1 ) 8 v>i$ wants1 exalt$ nature & immortal de/9y6 ,paul tells u expressly1 t ! pr9ciple :i* we h nam$1 lies at ! bottom ( ! /atute4 ,see #a ,cor9?ians ix4 #i1 #aj--;,= x is writt5 9 ! law ( ,moses1 ,?\ %alt n muzzle ! m\? ( ! ox t treade? out ! corn4 ,do? ,god take c>e = ox58 ,or sai? he x altoge!r = ,,our sakes8 t he t pl[e? %\ld pl[ 9 ,,hope1 & t he t ?re%e? 9 hope %\ld be ,,p>tak] ,,( ,,8 ,,hope4 7#b47 ,if ?y bro!r be wax5 poor1 & fall5 9 decay ) !e1 !n ?\ %alt relieve him4 ,,yea1 ,,?\gh ,,he ,,be ,a ,,/rang] ,,or a ,,soj\rn]1 t he may live ) !e4 ,take ?\ no usury ( him1 or increase1 b fe> ?y ,god4 ,?\ %alt n give him ?y money ^u usury1 nor l5d him ?y victuals = increase4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ce-cg4 ,or1 9 o!r words1 relief at y\r h&s is 8 "r1 & y\r duty--y %all n take advantage ( 8 necessities1 b *e]fully supply !m4 ,n[1 we ask1 by :at process ( pro-slav]y leg]dema91 ?is b5evol5t regulation c be made to be 9 keep+ ) ! doctr9e ( ,,"w ,,)\t ,,pay8 ,did ,god decl>e ! poor /rang] entitl$ to ,,relief1 & 9 ! same brea?1 au?orize !m to use 8 s]vices )\t wages2 =ce him to "w1 & ,,rob ,,him ,,( ,,all ,,8 ,,e>n+s8 ,judge ye4 ,v4--,,7 ,,ma/]s ,,! ,,proprietors ,,( ,,s]vants ,,z ,,_! ,,legal ,,prop]ty8 ,! discussion ( ?is topic has be5 already some:at anticipat$ "u ! prec$+ heads2 b a v>iety ( consid]ations1 n )9 ! range ( our previ\s inquiries1 rema9 to be notic$4 #a4 ,s]vants 7 n subject$ to ! uses1 nor liable to ! cont+5cies ( prop]ty4 7#a47 ,!y 7 nev] tak5 9 paym5t = _! ma/]s' debts1 ?\gh *ildr5 7 sometimes tak5 7)\t legal au?ority7 = ! debts ( a fa!r4 #b ,k+s iv4 #a2 ,job xxiv4 #i2 ,isaiah l4 #a2 ,matt4 xviii4 #be4 ,cases are record$ to :i* cr$itors took f debtors prop]ty ( all k9ds1 to satisfy _! dem&s4 ,9 ,job xxiv4 #c1 cattle are tak52 9 ,prov4 xxii #bg1 h\sehold furniture2 9 ,lev4 xxv4 #be-bh1 ! productions ( ! soil2 9 ,lev4 xxv4 #bg-cj1 h\ses2 9 ,exodus xxii4 #bf-bi1 & ,deut4 xxiv4 #aj-ac1 & ,matt4 v4 #dj1 clo?+2 b s]vants 7 tak5 9 no in/ance4 7#b47 ,s]vants 7 nev] giv5 z pl$ges4 ,prop]ty ( all sorts 0 giv5 & held 9 pl$ge4 ,we f9d 9 ! ,bible1 h\sehold furniture1 clo?+1 cattle1 money1 signets1 & p]sonal ornam5ts1 ) div]s o!r articles ( prop]ty1 us$ z pl$ges = value receiv$4 ,b no s]vants4 7#c47 ,all lo/ ,,prop]ty 0 to be re/or$4 ,ox51 asses1 %eep1 raim5t1 & :atsoev] lo/ ?+s1 are specifi$--s]vant n4 ,deut4 xxii4 #ac4 ,besides1 ! ,israelites 7 expressly =bidd5 to take back ! runaway s]vant to 8 ma/]4 ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae4 7#d47 ,! ,israelites nev] gave away _! s]vants z pres5ts4 ,!y made pr9cely pres5ts ( great v>iety4 ,l&s1 h\ses1 all k9ds ( animals1 m]*&ize1 family ut5sils1 preci\s metals1 & gra91 armor1 c4 are among _! record$ gifts4 ,giv+ pres5ts to sup]iors & p]sons ( rank :5 visit+ !m1 & at o!r times1 0 a /&+ usage4 #a ,sam4 x4 #bg2 #a ,sam4 xvi4 #bj2 #b ,*ron4 xvii4 #e4 ,abraham to ,abimele*1 ,g54 xxi4 #bg2 ,jacob to ! vic]oy ( ,egypt4 ,g54 xliii4 #aa2 ,joseph to 8 bre?r5 & fa!r1 ,g54 xlv4 #bb1 #bc2 ,b5hadad to ,eli%a1 #b ,k+s viii4 #h1 #i2 ,ahaz to ,tigla? ,piles]1 #b ,k+s xvi4 #h2 ,solomon to ! ,que5 ( ,%eba1 #a ,k+s1 x4 #ac2 ,j]oboam to ,ahijah1 #a ,k+s xiv4 #c2 ,asa to ,b5hadad1 #a ,k+s xv4 #ah1 #ai4 ,b no s]vants 7 giv5 z pres5ts--?\gh t 0 a prevail+ fa%ion 9 ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,g54 xii4 #af2 ,g54 xx4 #ad4 ,,objection #a4 ,laban ,,gave h&maids to 8 daught]s1 ,jacob's wives4 ,)\t enl>g+ on ! nature ( ! polygamy !n preval5t1 x is en\gh to say t ! h&maids ( wives1 at t "t1 7 !mselves reg>d$ z wives1 ?\gh ( inf]ior dignity & au?ority4 ,t ,jacob s reg>d$ 8 h&maids1 is prov$ by 8 curse ^u ,reub51 7,g54 xlix4 #d1 & ,*ron4 v4 #a7 also by ! equality ( _! *ildr5 ) ^? ( ,ra*el & ,leah4 ,b _h x be5 o!rwise--_h ,laban giv5 !m z articles ( prop]ty1 !n1 inde$1 ! example ( ?is good old patri>* & slavehold]1 ,sa9t ,laban1 w\ld h be5 a =e-clos] to all argum5t4 ,ah6 ,we rememb] 8 jeal\sy = religion--8 holy indignation :5 he f\nd t 8 ,,gods 7 /ol56 ,h[ he mu/]$ 8 clan1 & plung$ ov] ! des]t 9 hot pursuit1 sev5 days1 by =c$ m>*es2 h[ he ransack$ a :ole c>avan1 sift+ ! cont5ts ( e t5t1 little he$+ su* small matt]s z dome/ic privacy1 or female seclusion1 = lo6 ! zeal ( 8 ,,images _h eat5 him up6 ,no wond] t slav]y1 9 its ,bible-navigation1 drift+ dismantl$ be=e ! free gu/s1 %\ld scud "u ! lee ( su* a pi\s wor?y to haul up & refit2 invok+ 8 protection1 & ! b5$iction ( 8 ,,gods6 ,,objection #b4 ,s]vants 7 enum]at$ 9 inv5tories ( prop]ty4 ,if t proves s]vants prop]ty1 x proves wives prop]ty4 ,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighbor's h\se1 ?\ %alt n covet ?y neighbor's ,,wife1 nor 8 man s]vant1 nor 8 maid-s]vant1 nor 8 ox1 nor 8 ass1 nor any ?+ t is ?y neighbor's ,,exodus xx4 #ag4 ,an exam9ation ( all ! places 9 :i* s]vants are includ$ among bea/s1 *attels1 c41 w %[1 t 9 inv5tories ( m]e prop]ty1 s]vants are n includ$1 or if includ$1 x is 9 su* a way1 z to %[ t !y are n reg>d$ z prop]ty4 ,eccl4 ii4 #g1 #h4 ,b :5 ! design is to %[1 n m]ely ! weal? b ! greatness ( any p]sonage1 t he is a man ( di/9ction1 a rul]1 a pr9ce1 s]vants are spok5 (1 z well z prop]ty4 ,9 a ^w1 if ri*es alone are spok5 (1 no m5tion is made ( s]vants2 if greatness1 s]vants & prop]ty4 ,g54 xiii4 #b4 ,& ,abraham 0 v ri* 9 cattle1 9 silv] & 9 gold4 ,no m5tion ( s]vants4 ,s 9 ! fif? v]se2 ,lot's ri*es are enum]at$1 ,& ,lot also _h flocks1 & h]ds1 & t5ts4 ,9 ! sev5? v]se s]vants are m5tion$1 ,& !re 0 a /rife betwe5 ! ,,h]dm5 ( ,abraham's cattle & ! ,,h]dm5 ( ,lot's cattle4 ,see also ,jo%4 xxii4 #h2 ,g54 xxxiv4 #bc2 ,job4 xlii4 #ab2 #b ,*ron4 xxi4 #c2 xxxii4 #bg-bi2 ,job #a4 #c-e2 ,deut4 viii4 #ab-ag2 ,g54 xxiv4 #ce1 & xxvi4 #ac1 & xxx4 #dc4 ,div]s facts dropp$ incid5tally1 %[ t :5 s]vants are m5tion$ 9 connection ) prop]ty1 x is 9 su* a way z to di/+ui% !m f x4 ,:5 ,jacob 0 ab\t to leave ,laban1 8 wives say1 ,all ! ri*es :i* ?\ ha/ tak5 f our fa!r1 t is ours & our *ildr5's4 ,!n foll[s an inv5tory ( prop]ty4 ,all 8 cattle1 all 8 goods1 ! cattle ( 8 gett+1 c4 ,he _h a l>ge numb] ( s]vants at ! "t1 b !y are n includ$ ) 8 prop]ty4 ,comp>e ,g54 xxx4 #dc1 ) ,g54 xxxi4 #af-ah4 ,:5 he s5t mess5g]s to ,esau1 9 ord] to secure 8 respect1 & impress him ) an idea ( 8 /ate & sway1 he bade !m tell him n only ( 8 ,,ri*es1 b ( 8 ,,greatness2 t ,jacob _h ox51 & asses1 & flocks1 & m5 s]vants1 & maid s]vants4 ,g54 xxxii4 #d1 #e4 ,yet 9 ! pres5t :i* he s5t1 !re 7 no s]vants2 ?\gh he seems to h aim$ to give x z mu* v>iety z possible4 ,g54 xxxii4 #ad1 #ae2 see also ,g54 xxxvi4 #f1 #g2 ,g54 xxxiv4 #bc4 ,z flocks & h]ds 7 ! /aples ( weal?1 a l>ge numb] ( s]vants presuppos$ l>ge possessions ( cattle1 :i* w\ld require _m h]dsm54 ,fur!r4 ,:5 s]vants are spok5 ( 9 connection ) m]e prop]ty1 ! t]ms us$ to express ! latt] d n include ! =m]4 ,! ,hebrew ^w ,mickna is an illu/ration4 ,x is a d]ivative ( ,kana1 to procure1 to buy1 & its mean+ is1 a possession1 weal?1 ri*es4 ,x occurs m ?an =ty times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t--& is appli$ always to m]e prop]ty--g5]ally to dome/ic animals1 b nev] to s]vants4 ,9 "s in/ances1 s]vants are m5tion$ 9 di/9ction f ! ,mickna4 ,see ,g54 xii4 #e4 ,& ,abraham took ,s>ah 8 wife1 & ,lot 8 bro!r's son4 ,& all _! ,,sub/ance t !y _h ga!r$1 & ! s\ls t !y _h gott5 9 ,h>an1 & !y w5t =? to g into ! l& ( ,canaan4 ,sub/ance ga!r$ & s\ls gott56 ,_m w h x1 t ^! s\ls 7 a "p ( ,abraham's sub/ance 7not)/&+ ! pa9s "h tak5 to sep>ate !m f x7--t !y 7 slaves--probably captives 9 w>1 & n[1 by "r ( conque/1 tak5 ) him 9 8 migration z "p ( 8 family effects4 ,:o b slavehold]s1 ei!r actually1 or 9 he>t1 w\ld torture into ! pr9ciple & practice ( slav]y1 su* a h>mless phrase z ! s\ls t !y _h gott58 ,until ! slave trade brea!d its haze ^u ! vision ( ! *ur*1 & smote h] ) palsy & decay1 comm5tators saw no slav]y 91 ,! s\ls t !y _h gott54 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,onkelos,a x is ?us r5d]$1 ,! s\ls :om !y _h br\ght to obey ! law 9 ,h>an4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an1 ?us3 ,! s\ls :om !y _h made proselytes 9 ,h>an4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,j]usalem1 ,! s\ls proselyt$ 9 ,h>an4 ,j>*i1 plac$ by ,jewi% ,rabbis at ! head ( _! comm5tators1 ?us r5d]s x3 ,! s\ls :om !y _h br\ght "u ! ,div9e w+s4 ,j]ome1 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs3 ,! p]sons :om !y _h proselyt$4 ,! ,p]sian v]sion ?us gives ! :ole v]se1 ,& ,abraham took ,s>ah 8 wife1 & ,lot 8 bro!r's son1 & all _! weal? :i* !y _h accumulat$1 & ! s\ls :i* !y _h made4 ,! ,vulgate v]sion ?us translates x1 ,univ]sam sub/antiam quam poss$]ant et animas quas fec]ant 9 ,h>an4 ,! entire weal? :i* !y possess$1 & ! s\ls :i* !y _h made4 ,! ,syriac ?us1 ,all _! possessions :i* !y possess$1 & ! s\ls :i* !y _h made 9 ,h>an4 ,! ,arabic1 ,all _! prop]ty :i* !y _h acquir$1 & ! s\ls :om !y _h made 9 ,h>an4 ,! ,sam>ian1 ,all ! weal? :i* !y _h ga!r$1 & ! s\ls :i* !y _h made 9 ,h>an4 ,m5o*ius1 a comm5tator :o wrote be=e our pres5t translation ( ! ,engli% ,bible1 r5d]s x z foll[s3--,quas de idolotr>ia conv]t]unt,b4 ,^? :om !y h conv]t$ f idolatry4--,paulus ,fagius,c4 ,quas in/itu]ant 9 religione4--,^? :om !y _h in/ruct$ 9 religion4--,luke ,franke1 a ,g]man comm5tator :o liv$ two c5turies ago4 ,quas legi subjic]ant4--,^? :om !y _h br\ght to obey ! law4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,t>gums are ,*aldee p>aphrases ( p>ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,onkelos is = ! mo/ "p1 a v accurate & fai?ful translation ( ! orig9al1 & 0 probably made at ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an ,b5 ,uzziel be>s ab\t ! same date4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,j]usalem 0 probably ab\t five hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,! ,israelites1 dur+ _! long captivity 9 ,babylon1 lo/ z a body1 _! k ( _! own language4 ,^! translations ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures into ! ,*aldee1 ! language :i* !y acquir$ 9 ,babylon1 7 ?us call$ = by ! necessity ( ! case4 ,footnote ,b3 ,see 8 ,brevis explicatio s5sus lit]alis totius ,scripture4 ,footnote ,c3 ,?is em95t ,hebrew s*ol> 0 invit$ to ,engl& by ,cranm]1 !n ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 to sup]9t5d ! translation ( ! ,bible into ,engli%1 "u ! patronage ( ,h5ry ! ,eigh?4 ,he _h h>dly comm5c$ ! "w :5 he di$4 ,?is 0 ne>ly a c5tury be=e ! date ( our pres5t translation4 #b4 ,! condition ( s]vants 9 _! ma/]s' families1 ! privileges :i* !y %>$ 9 common ) ! *ildr51 & _! recognition z equals by ! highe/ (fic]s ( ! gov]nm5t--make ! doctr9e t !y 7 m]e ,,commodities1 an absurdity4 ,! te/imony ( ,paul1 9 ,gal4 iv4 #a1 gives an insight into ! condition ( s]vants4 ,n[ ,i say unto y1 t ! heir1 s long z he is a *ild1 ,,diff]e? ,,no?+ ,,f ,a ,,s]vant1 ?\gh he be "l ( all4 ,t ,abraham's s]vants 7 volunt>y1--t _! int]e/s 7 id5tifi$ ) ^? ( _! ma/]'s family--t !y 7 reg>d$ ) great affection by ! h\sehold1 & t ! utmo/ confid5ce 0 repos$ 9 !m1 is %[n 9 ! arm+ ( #cah ( !m = ! recov]y ( ,lot & 8 family f captivity4 ,see ,g54 xiv4 #ad1 #ae4 ,:5 ,abraham's s]vant w5t to ,padan>am1 ! "y ,pr9cess ,rebekah did n disda9 to say to him1 ,dr9k1 ,,my ,"l1 z %e ha/$ & let d[n h] pit*] ^u h] h&1 & gave him dr9k1 & %e ha/$ & empti$ h] pit*]1 & ran aga9 unto ! well1 & drew = all 8 camels4 ,laban1 ! bro!r ( ,rebekah1 prep>$ ! h\se = 8 reception1 ungird$ 8 camels1 & br\ght him wat] to wa% 8 feet1 & ! m5's feet t 7 ) him6 ,9 ! #i? *apt] ( #a ,samuel1 we h an acc\nt ( a high fe/ival 9 ! city ( ,zuph1 at :i* ,samuel1 ! *ief judge & rul] 9 ,israel1 presid$4 ,none sat d[n at ! fea/ b ^? t 7 bidd54 ,& only ab\t ?irty p]sons 7 invit$4 ,q a select p>ty6--! elite ( ! city ( ,zuph6 ,saul & 8 s]vant arriv$ at ,zuph j z ! p>ty 0 assembl+2 & bo? ( !m1 at ,samuel's solicitation1 accompany him z invit$ gue/s4 ,& ,samuel took ,saul & 8 ,,s]vant1 & br\ght ,,!m into ! ,,p>lor767 & made ,,!m sit 9 ! ,,*iefe/ ,,seats among ^? t 7 bidd54 ,a s]vant invit$ by ! *ief judge1 rul]1 & prophet 9 ,israel1 to d9e publicly ) a select p>ty1 9 company ) 8 ma/]1 :o 0 at ! same "t ano9t$ ,k+ ( ,israel2 & ?is s]vant introduc$ by ,samuel into ! ,,p>lor1 & assign$1 ) 8 ma/]1 to ! *iefe/ seat at ! table6 ,?is 0 "o ( ! s]vants ( ,ki%1 ,saul's fa!r2 n ! /ew>d or ! *ief ( !m--n at all a pick$ man1 b "o ( ! s]vants2 any "o t c\ld be mo/ easily sp>$1 z no end[m5ts specially r>e w\ld be likely to f9d scope 9 look+ aft] asses4 ,aga93 we le>n f #a ,k+s xvi4 #h1 #i1 t ,elah1 ! ,k+ ( ,israel1 0 sla9 by ,zimri1 "o ( 8 *ief (fic]s1 at a fe/ive ent]ta9m5t1 9 ! h\se ( ,arza1 8 /ew>d1 or head s]vant1 ) :om he seems to h be5 on t]ms ( famili>ity4 ,)\t detail+ o!r cases1 we ref] ! read] to ! int]c\rse betwe5 ,gideon & 8 s]vant4--,judges vii4 #aj1 #aa4--;,jona?an & 8 s]vant4--#a ,samuel xiv4 #a-ad4--;,eli%a & 8 s]vant4 #c4 ,! condition ( ! ,gibeonites1 z subjects ( ! ,hebrew commonweal?1 %[s t !y 7 nei!r articles ( prop]ty1 nor ev5 ,,involunt>y s]vants4 ,! condition ( ! inhabitants ( ,gibeon1 ,*ephirah1 ,be]o?1 & ,kirja?je>im1 "u ! ,israelites1 is quot$ 9 triumph by ! advocates ( slav]y2 & truly !y are "r welcome to all ! crumbs t c be glean$ f x4 ,milton's devils made desp]ate snat*es at fruit t turn$ to a%es on _! lips4 ,! _s ( slav]y raves "u torm5t+ gnaw+s1 & ca/s ab\t 9 bl9d phr5zy = some?+ to ease1 or ev5 to mock !m4 ,b = ?is1 x w\ld nev] h clut*$ at ! ,gibeonites1 = ev5 ! incantations ( ! demon cauldron1 c\ld n extract f _! case en\gh to tantalize />vation's self4 ,b to ! "q4 ,:at 0 ! condition ( ! ,gibeonites "u ! ,israelites8 7#a47 ,x 0 volunt>y4 ,x 0 _! own proposition to ,jo%ua to become s]vants4 ,jo%ua ix4 #h1 #aa4 ,_! proposition 0 accept$1 b ! k9d ( s]vice :i* !y %\ld p]=m1 0 n specifi$ until _! gross imposition came to light2 !y 7 !n assign$ to m5ial (fices 9 ! tab]nacle4 7#b47 ,!y 7 n dome/ic s]vants 9 ! families ( ! ,israelites4 ,!y /ill cont9u$ to reside 9 _! own cities1 cultivat+ _! own fields1 t5d+ _! flocks & h]ds1 & ex]cis+ ! functions ( a di/9ct1 ?\gh n indep5d5t community4 ,!y 7 subject to ! ,jewi% nation z tribut>ies4 ,s f> f be+ di/ribut$ among ! ,israelites1 _! family relations brok5 up1 & _! int]nal organization z a di/9ct p aboli%$1 !y seem to h rema9$ a sep>ate1 &1 9 "s respects1 an indep5d5t community = _m c5turies4 ,:5 !y 7 attack$ by ! ,amorites1 !y appli$ to ! ,israelites z conf$]ates = aid--x 0 promptly r5d]$1 _! enemies r\t$1 & !mselves left unmole/$ 9 ! occupation ( _! cities1 :ile all ,israel return$ to ,gilgal4 ,jo%ua x4 #f-ah4 ,long aft]w>ds1 ,saul slew "s ( !m1 & ,god s5t ^u ,israel a ?ree ye>s' fam9e = x4 ,david said to ! ,gibeonites1 ,:at %all ,i d = y1 & :]e) %all ,i make ! atonem5t1 t ye may bless ! inh]itance ( ! ,"l8 ,at _! dem&1 he deliv]$ up to !m1 sev5 ( ! royal family1 five ( !m ! sons ( ,mi*al1 8 own =m] wife4 #b ,samuel xxi4 #a-i4 ,! :ole transaction 0 a =mal recognition ( ! ,gibeonites z a sep>ate p4 ,!re is no intimation t !y s]v$ families1 or individuals ( ! ,israelites1 b only ! h\se ( ,god1 or ! ,tab]nacle4 ,?is 0 e/abli%$ fir/ at ,gilgal1 a day's j\rney f ! cities ( ! ,gibeonites2 & !n at ,%iloh1 ne>ly two days' j\rney f !m2 :]e x cont9u$ ab\t #cej ye>s4 ,dur+ all ?is p]iod1 ! ,gibeonites inhabit$ _! anci5t cities & t]ritory4 ,only a few1 comp>atively1 c\ld h be5 abs5t f _! cities at any "o "t 9 att5dance on ! tab]nacle4 7#a47 ,:5ev] allusion is made to !m 9 ! hi/ory1 ! ma9 body are spok5 ( z at home4 7#b47 ,x is prepo/]\s to suppose t _! tab]nacle s]vices c\ld h furni%$ employm5t = all ! inhabitants ( ^! f\r cities4 ,"o ( !m 0 a great city1 z "o ( ! royal cities2 s l>ge1 t a conf$]acy ( five k+s1 app>5tly ! mo/ p[]ful 9 ! l&1 0 deem$ necess>y = its de/ruction4 ,x is probable t ! m5 7 divid$ into classes1 & ?us m9i/]$ at ! tab]nacle 9 rotation--ea* class a few days or weeks at a "t4 ,?is s]vice 0 _! national tribute to ! ,israelites1 r5d]$ = ! privilege ( resid5ce & protection "u _! gov]nm5t4 ,no s]vice seems to h be5 requir$ ( ! females4 ,z ^! ,gibeonites 7 ,canaanites1 & z !y _h greatly exasp]at$ ! ,israelites by impud5t imposition1 hypocrisy1 & ly+1 we might assur$ly expect t !y w\ld r$uce !m to ! condition ( *attels & prop]ty1 if !re 0 any case 9 :i* ,god p]mitt$ !m to d s4 #g4 ,because1 ?r\gh\t ! ,mosaic sy/em1 ,god w>ns !m aga9/ hold+ _! s]vants 9 su* a condition z !y 7 held 9 by ! ,egyptians4 ,h[ (t5 are ! ,israelites po9t$ back to ! gr9d+s ( _! prison-h\se6 ,:at motives to ! ex]cise ( ju/ice & k9dness t[>ds _! s]vants1 are held out to _! fe>s 9 ?reat5$ judgem5ts2 to _! hopes 9 promis$ good2 & to all )9 !m t c\ld feel1 by ^? (t repeat$ words ( t5d]ness & t]ror6 ,= ye 7 bondm5 9 ! l& ( ,egypt--wak+ anew ! memory ( te>s & angui%1 & ( ! wra? t av5g$ !m4 ,t ! argum5t d]iv$ f ! condition ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt1 & ,god's condemnation ( x1 may be appreciat$1 x is important t ! ,egyptian bondage %\ld be analyz$4 ,we %all !n be able to asc]ta91 ( :at rights ! ,israelites 7 plund]$1 & :at !y reta9$4 ,,egyptian ,,bondage ,,analyz$4 7#a47 ,! ,israelites 7 n disp]s$ among ! families ( ,egypt1 ! prop]ty ( individual own]s,a4 ,!y =m$ a sep>ate community4 ,see ,g54 xlvi4 #ce4 ,ex4 viii4 #bb1 #bd1 & ix4 #bf1 & x4 #bc1 & xi4 #g1 & ii4 #i1 & xvi4 #bb1 & xvii4 #e4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,egyptians evid5tly _h dome/ic s]vants liv+ 9 _! families2 ^! may h be5 slaves2 allusion is made to !m 9 ,exodus ix4 #ad1 #bj1 #ba4 ,b none ( ! ,israelites 7 includ$ 9 ?is class4 7#b47 ,!y _h ! exclusive possession ( ! l& ( ,go%5,b1 "o ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ productive p>ts ( ,egypt4 ,g54 xlv4 #ah1 & xlvii4 #f1 #aa1 #bg4 ,ex4 xii4 #d1 #ai1 #bb1 #bc1 #bg4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! l& ( ,go%5 0 a l>ge tract ( c\ntry1 ea/ ( ! ,pelusian arm ( ! ,nile1 & betwe5 x & ! head ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ! l[] bord] ( ,pale/9e4 ,! probable c5tre ( t portion1 occupi$ by ! ,israelites1 c\ld h>dly1 h be5 less ?an #fj miles f ! city4 ,f ! be/ au?orities x w\ld seem t ! extreme we/]n b\nd>y ( ,go%5 mu/ h be5 _m miles di/ant f ,egypt4 ,see ,exodus ( ! ,israelites out ( ,egypt1 an able article by ,pr(essor ,rob9son1 9 ! ,biblical ,repository = ,octob]1 #ahcb4 7#c47 ,!y liv$ 9 p]man5t dwell+s4 ,^! 7 h\ses1 n t5ts4 ,9 ,ex4 xii4 #f1 ! two side po/s1 & ! upp] door po/s ( ! h\ses are m5tion$1 & 9 ! #bb;d1 ! two side po/s & ! l9tel4 ,ea* family seems to h occupi$ a h\se by itself--,acts vii4 #bj1 ,ex4 xii4 #d--;& f ! regulation ab\t ! eat+ ( ! ,passov]1 !y c\ld h>dly h be5 small ones--,ex4 xii4 #d--;& probably conta9$ sep>ate ap>tm5ts1 & places = seclusion4 ,ex4 ii4 #b1 #c2 ,acts vii4 #bj4 ,!y appe> to h be5 well app>ell$4 ,ex4 xii4 #aa4 ,to h _h _! own burial gr\nds4 ,ex4 xiii4 #ai1 & xiv4 #aa4 7#d47 ,!y own$ a mix$ multitude ( flocks & h]ds1 & v mu* cattle4 ,ex4 xii4 #cb1 #cg1 #ch4 7#e47 ,!y _h _! own =m ( gov]nm5t1 & pres]v$ _! tribe & family divisions1 & _! int]nal organization ?r\gh\t1 ?\gh /ill a prov9ce ( ,egypt1 & tribut>y to x4 ,ex4 ii4 #a1 & xii4 #ai1 #ba1 & vi4 #ad1 #be1 & v4 #ai1 & iii4 #af1 #ah4 7#f47 ,!y seem to h _h 9 a consid]able measure1 ! disposal ( _! own "t1--,ex4 xxiii4 #d1 & iii4 #af1 #ah1 & xii4 #f1 & ii4 #i1 & iv4 #bg1 #bi-ca4 ,also to h practis$ ! f9e arts4 ,ex4 xxxii4 #d1 & xxxv4 #cb-ce4 7#g47 ,!y 7 all arm$4 ,ex4 xxxii4 #bg4 7#h47 ,all ! females seem to h kn[n some?+ ( dome/ic ref9em5ts2 !y 7 famili> ) in/rum5ts ( music1 & skill$ 9 ! work+ ( f9e fabrics4 ,ex4 xv4 #bj1 & #ce1 #cf4 7#i47 ,!y held _! possessions indep5d5tly1 & ! ,egyptians seem to h reg>d$ !m z inviolable4 ,?is we inf] f ! fact t !re is no intimation t ! ,egyptians dispossess$ !m ( _! habitations1 or took away _! flocks1 or h]ds1 or crops1 or implem5ts ( agriculture1 or any article ( prop]ty4 7#aj47 ,s]vice seems to h be5 exact$ f none b adult males4 ,no?+ is said f :i* ! bond s]vice ( females c\ld be inf]r$2 ! hid+ ( ,moses ?ree mon?s by 8 "m1 & ! paym5t ( wages to h] by ,ph>aoh's daught]1 g aga9/ su* a supposition4 ,ex4 ii4 #bi4 7#aa47 ,s f> f be+ f$ ^u a giv5 all[ance1 _! food 0 abundant1 & _h great v>iety4 ,!y sat by ! fle%-pots1 & did eat bread to ! full4 ,ex4 xvi4 #c1 & xxiv4 #a1 & xvii4 #e1 & iv4 #bi1 & vi4 #ad4 ,also1 !y did eat fi% freely1 & cucumb]s1 & melons1 & leeks1 & onions1 & g>lic4 ,num4 xi4 #d1 #e1 & x4 #ah1 & xx4 #e4 7#ab47 ,t ! great body ( ! p 7 n 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,egyptians1 we inf] 7#a7 f ! fact1 t ! ext5t & v>iety ( _! own possessions1 toge!r ) su* a cultivation ( _! crops z w\ld provide !m ) bread1 & su* c>e ( _! imm5se flocks & h]ds1 z w\ld secure _! pr(itable increase1 mu/ h furni%$ con/ant employm5t = ! ma9 body ( ! nation4 7#b47 ,dur+ ! plague ( d>kness1 ,god in=ms u t ,,all ! *ildr5 ( ,israel _h light 9 _! dwell+s4 ,we inf] t !y 7 !re to enjoy x4 7#c47 ,x seems improbable t ! mak+ ( brick1 ! only s]vice nam$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( _! soj\rn 9 ,egypt1 c\ld h furni%$ p]man5t employm5t = ! bulk ( ! nation4 ,see also ,ex4 iv4 #bi-ca4 ,besides1 :5 ,ea/]n nations employ$ tribut>ies1 x 01 z n[1 9 ! use ( ! levy1 requir+ !m to furni% a giv5 quota1 draft$ (f p]iodically1 s t comp>atively b a small portion ( ! nation w\ld be abs5t at any "o "t4 ,probably !re 0 ! same requisition ^u ! ,israelites = "o-fif? "p ( ! proce$s ( _! labor1 t 0 laid ^u ! ,egyptians4 ,see ,g54 xlvii4 #bd1 #bf4 ,in/ead ( tak+ x out ( _! crops1 7,go%5 be+ bett] = pa/urage ?an crops7 !y exact$ x ( !m 9 brick mak+2 & x is q probable t only ! poor] ,israelites 7 requir$ to "w = ! ,egyptians at all1 ! weal?i] be+ able to pay _! tribute1 9 money4 ,see ,exod4 iv4 #bg-ca4 ,?is 0 ! bondage 9 ,egypt4 ,contra/ x ) ,am]ican slav]y4 ,h our slaves v mu* cattle1 & a mix$ multitude ( flocks & h]ds8 ,d !y live 9 commodi\s h\ses ( _! own8 ,d !y sit by ! fle%-pots1 eat fi% freely1 & eat bread to ! full8 ,d !y live 9 a sep>ate community1 at a di/ance f _! ma/]s1 9 _! di/9ct tribes1 "u _! own rul]s & (fic]s8 ,h !y ! exclusive occupation ( an ext5sive & f]tile tract ( c\ntry = ! culture ( _! own crops1 & = re>+ imm5se h]ds ( _! own cattle--& all ^! held indep5d5tly ( _! ma/]s1 & reg>d$ by !m z inviolable8 ,are our female slaves free f all exactions ( labor & liabilities ( outrage8--& :5ev] employ$1 are !y paid wages1 z 0 ! ,israeliti% woman1 :5 employ$ by ! k+'s daught]8 ,exod4 ii4 #i4 ,h ! females entirely1 & ! males to a consid]able ext5t1 ! disposal ( _! own "t8 ,h !y ! means = cultivat+ social ref9em5ts1 = practis+ ! f9e arts1 & = intellectual & moral improvem5t8 ,,! ,,israelites1 ,,"u ,,! ,,bondage ,,( ,,egypt1 ,,enjoy$ ,,all ,,^! ,,rights ,,& ,,privileges4 ,true1 _! lives 7 made bitt]1 & all ! s]vice :]e9 !y made !m s]ve 0 ) rigor4 ,b :at 0 t1 :5 comp>$ ) ! incessant toil ( ,am]ican slaves1 ! robb]y ( all _! "t & e>n+s1 & ev5 ! p[] to own any ?+1 or acquire any ?+--! qu>t ( corn a day1 ! legal all[ance ( food,a6--_! only clo?+ = "o half ! ye>1 "o %irt & "o pair ( pantaloons,b6--! two h\rs & a half only = re/ & refre%m5t 9 ! tw5ty-f\r,c6--_! dwell+s1 hovels1 unfit = human resid5ce1 commonly ) b "o ap>tm5t1 :]e bo? sexes & all ages h]d promiscu\sly at night1 l ! bea/s ( ! field4 ,add to ?is1 ! m5tal ignorance1 & moral degradation2 ! daily sep>ations ( k9dr$1 ! revelries ( lu/1 ! lac]ations & baptisms ( blood1 sanction$ by ! laws ( ! ,s\?1 & patroniz$ by its pubic s5tim5t4 ,:at1 we ask1 0 ! bondage ( ,egypt :5 comp>$ ) ?is8 ,& yet = h] oppression ( ! poor1 ,god smote h] ) plagues1 & trampl$ h] z ! mire1 till %e pass$ away 9 8 wra?1 & ! place t knew h] 9 h] pride1 knew h] no m4 ,ah6 ,i h se5 ! afflictions ( my p1 & ,i h he>d _! groan+s1 & am come d[n to deliv] !m4 ,,he ,,did ,,come1 & ,egypt sank1 a ru9\s heap1 & h] blood clos$ ov] h]4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,see ,haywood's ,manual1 #ebd-e ,footnote ,b3 ,! law ( ,l\isiana4 ,see ,m>t9's ,dige/1 #faj4 ,footnote ,c3 ,! :ole am\nt ( "t secur$ by ! law ( ,l\isiana4 ,see ,act ( ,july #g1 #ahjf4 ,m>t9's ,dige/1 #faj-ab ,if su* 0 ,god's retribution = ! oppression ( hea!n ,egypt1 ( h[ mu* sor] puni%m5t %all a ,*ri/ian p be ?\ght wor?y1 :o cloak ) religion1 a sy/em1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! bondage ( ,egypt dw9dles to no?+8 ,let ^? believe :o c1 t ,god gave 8 p p]mission to hold human be+s1 robb$ ( all _! rights1 :ile he ?reat5$ !m ) wra? to ! utt]mo/1 if !y practis$ ! f> light] oppression ( ,egypt--:i* robb$ its victims ( only ! lea/ & *eape/ ( _! rights1 & left ! females unplund]$ ev5 ( ^!4 ,:at6 ,is ,god divid$ aga9/ himself8 ,:5 he _h j turn$ ,egypt into a fun]al pile2 :ile 8 curse yet blaz$ ^u h] unburi$ dead1 & 8 bolts /ill hiss$ amid/ h] slaught]1 & ! smoke ( h] torm5t w5t upw>ds because %e _h ,,robb$ ,,! ,,poor1 did ,he lic5se ! ,,victims ( robb]y to rob ! poor ( ,,all8 ,z ,lawgiv]1 did he create a sy/em t5fold m gr9d+ ?an t1 = :i* he _h j hurl$ ,ph>aoh headlong1 & clov5 d[n 8 pr9ces1 & ov]:elm$ 8 ho/s1 & bla/$ !m ) ,8 ?und]1 till hell 0 mov$ to meet !m at _! com+8 ,hav+ t\*$ ^u ! g5]al topics :i* we design to include 9 ?is inquiry1 we proce$ to exam9e v>i\s ,scripture facts & passages1 :i* w d\btless be set 9 array aga9/ ! =ego+ conclusions4 ,,objections ,,consid]$4 ,! advocates ( slav]y are always at _! wits end :5 !y try to press ! ,bible into _! s]vice4 ,e movem5t %[s t !y are h>d-pu%$4 ,_! odd conceits & ev] v>y+ %ifts1 _! =c$ con/ructions1 lack+ ev5 plausibility1 _! bold assumptions1 & bl9d guesswork1 n only proclaim _! cause desp]ate1 b !mselves4 ,"s ( ! ,bible def5ces ?r[n ar\nd slav]y by m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 d s torture common s5se1 ,scripture1 & hi/orical fact1 t x 7 h>d to tell :e!r absurdity1 fatuity1 ignorance1 or blasphemy1 pr$om9ates1 9 comp\nd4 ,ea* /rives s lu/ily = ! ma/]y1 x may be set d[n a drawn battle4 ,h[ (t5 has x be5 set up 9 type1 t ! color ( ! negro is ! ,ca9-m>k1 propagat$ d[nw>d4 ,d\btless ,ca9's po/]ity />t$ an opposition to ! ark1 & rode out ! flood ) fly+ /ream]s6 ,:y %\ld n a miracle be wr\ght to po9t su* an argum5t1 & fill out = slavehold]s a ,div9e title-de$1 v9dicat+ ! ways ( ,god to m58 ,,objection #a4 ,curs$ be ,canaan1 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8 bre?r54 ,g54 i4 #be4 ,?is prophecy ( ,noah is ! vade mecum ( slavehold]s1 & !y nev] v5ture abroad )\t x4 ,x is a pocket-piece = sudd5 occasion--a keepsake to dote ov]--a *>m to spell-b9d opposition1 & a magnet to attract :atsoev] worke? abom9ation1 or make? a lie4 ,b closely z !y cl+ to x1 curs$ be ,canaan is a poor drug to /upify a ?robb+ consci5ce--a mock+ lullaby1 va9ly woo+ slumb] to unquiet toss+s1 & cry+ ,peace1 be /ill1 :]e ,god wakes w>1 & breaks 8 ?und]s4 ,^? :o plead ! curse on ,canaan to ju/ify negro slav]y1 assume all ! po9ts 9 debate4 #a4 ,t ! condition prophesi$ 0 slav]y1 r ?an ! m]e r5d]+ ( s]vice to o!rs1 & t x 0 ! bondage ( individuals r ?an ! condition ( a nation tribut>y to ano!r1 & 9 t s5se its s]vant4 #b4 ,t ! pr$iction ( crime ju/ifies x2 t x grants absolution to ^? ^: crimes fulfil x1 if x does n trans=m ! crimes into virtues4 ,h[ pi\sly ! ,ph>aohs might h quot$ ,god's prophecy to ,abraham1 ,?y se$ %all be 9 bondage1 & !y %all afflict !m = f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,& !n1 :at sa9ts 7 ^? t crucifi$ ! ,"l ( glory6 #c4 ,t ! ,africans are desc5d$ f ,canaan4 ,:]eas ,africa 0 peopl$ f ,egypt & ,e?iopia1 & ,mizraim settl$ ,egypt1 & ,cu%1 ,e?iopia4 ,see ,g54 x4 #ae-ai1 = ! location & b\nd>ies ( ,canaan's po/]ity4 ,s on ! assumption t ,african slav]y fulfils ! prophecy1 a curse pron\nc$ ^u "o p1 is quot$ to ju/ify its infliction ^u ano!r4 ,p]haps x may be argu$ t ,canaan includes all ,ham's po/]ity4 ,if s1 ! prophecy has n be5 fulfill$4 ,! o!r sons ( ,ham settl$ ! ,egyptian & ,assyrian empires1 & conjo9tly ) ,%em ! ,p]sian1 & aft]w>d1 to "s ext5t1 ! ,grecian & ,roman4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! nations gives no v]ification ( ! prophecy4 ,:]eas ! hi/ory ( ,canaan's desc5dants1 = m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 is a record ( its fulfilm5t4 ,fir/1 !y 7 made tribut>ies by ! ,israelites4 ,!n ,canaan 0 ! s]vant ( ,%em4 ,aft]w>d1 by ! ,m$es & ,p]sians4 ,!n ,canaan 0 ! s]vant ( ,%em1 & 9 "p ( ! o!r sons ( ,ham4 ,aft]w>d1 by ! ,mac$onians1 ,grecians1 & ,romans1 successively4 ,!n ,canaan 0 ! s]vant ( ,japhet1 ma9ly1 & second>ily ( ! o!r sons ( ,ham4 ,f9ally1 !y 7 subject$ by ! ,ottoman dyna/y1 :]e !y yet rema94 ,?us ,canaan is n[ ! s]vant ( ,%em & ,japhet & ! o!r sons ( ,ham4 ,b x may /ill be object$1 t ?\gh ,canaan is ! only "o nam$ 9 ! curse1 yet ! #bb;d & #bc;d v]ses %[ t x 0 pron\nc$ ^u ! po/]ity ( ,ham 9 g5]al4 ,& ,ham1 ! fa!r ( ,canaan1 saw ! nak$ness ( 8 fa!r1 & told 8 two bre?r5 )\t4--,v]se #bb4 ,9 v]se #bc1 ,%em & ,japhet cov] _! fa!r ) a g>m5t4 ,v]se #bd1 ,& ,noah awoke f 8 w9e1 & knew :at 8 ,,y\ng] son _h done unto him1 & said1 c4 ,x is argu$ t ?is y\ng] son _c be ,canaan1 z he 0 n ! son1 b ! gr&son ( ,noah1 & !re=e x mu/ be ,ham4 ,we answ]1 :oev] t y\ng] son 01 or :atev] he did1 ,canaan alone 0 nam$ 9 ! curse4 ,besides1 ! ,hebrew ^w ,b51 signifies son1 gr&son1 great-gr&son1 or any "o ( ! po/]ity ( an individual4 ,g54 xxix4 #e1 ,& he said unto !m1 ,"k ye ,laban1 ! ,,son ( ,nahor8 ,yet ,laban 0 ! gr&son ( ,nahor4 ,g54 xxiv4 #ae1 #bi4 ,9 #b ,sam4 xix4 #bd1 x is said1 ,mephibo%e?1 ! ,,son ( ,saul1 came d[n to meet ! k+4 ,b ,mephibo%e? 0 ! son ( ,jona?an1 & ! gr&son ( ,saul4 #b ,sam4 ix4 #f4 ,s ,ru? iv4 #ag4 ,!re is a ,,son born to ,naomi4 ,?is 0 ! son ( ,ru?1 ! daught]-9-law ( ,naomi4 ,ru? iv4 #ac1 #ae4 ,s #b ,sam4 xxi4 #f4 ,let sev5 m5 ( 8 7,saul's7 ,,sons be deliv]$ unto u1 c4 ,sev5 ( ,saul's gr&sons 7 deliv]$ up4 #b ,sam4 xxi4 #h1 #i4 ,s ,g54 xxi4 #bh1 ,& ha/ n suff]$ me to kiss my ,,sons & my daught]s2 & 9 ! #ee? v]se1 ,& e>ly 9 ! morn+ ,laban rose up & kiss$ 8 ,,sons1 c4 ,^! 7 8 gr&sons4 ,s #b ,k+s ix4 #bj1 ,! driv+ ( ,jehu1 ! ,,son ( ,nim%i4 ,s #a ,k+s xix4 #af4 ,b ,jehu 0 ! gr&son ( ,nim%i4 #b ,k+s ix4 #b1 #ad4 ,:o w =bid ! inspir$ writ] to use ! same ^w :5 speak+ ( ,noah's gr&son8 ,fur!r1 if ,ham 7 meant :at propriety 9 call+ him ! y\ng] son8 ,! ord] 9 :i* ,noah's sons are always m5tion$1 makes ,ham ! second1 & n ! y\ng] son4 ,if x be said t ,bible usage is v>iable1 & t ! ord] ( bir? is n always pres]v$ 9 enum]ations2 ! reply is1 t1 enum]ation 9 ! ord] ( bir?1 is ! rule1 9 any o!r ord] ! exception4 ,besides1 if ! y\ng] memb] ( a family1 takes prec$5ce ( old] ones 9 ! family record1 x is a m>k ( pre-em95ce1 ei!r 9 orig9al end[m5ts1 or provid5tial in/rum5tality4 ,abraham1 ?\gh sixty ye>s y\ng] ?an 8 elde/ bro!r1 & probably ! y\nge/ ( ,t]ah's sons1 /&s fir/ 9 ! family g5ealogy4 ,no?+ 9 ,ham's hi/ory w>rants ! idea ( 8 pre-em95ce2 besides1 ! ,hebrew ^w ,hakkaton1 r5d]$ y\ng]1 means ! little1 small4 ,! same ^w is us$ 9 ,isaiah xl4 #bb4 ,a ,,little ,,"o %all become a ?\s&4 ,also 9 ,isaiah xxii4 #bd4 ,all vessels ( ,,small quantity4 ,s ,psalms cxv4 #ac4 ,he w bless !m t fe> ! ,"l1 bo? ,,small & great4 ,also ,exodus xviii4 #bb4 ,b e ,,small matt] !y %all judge4 ,x w\ld be a p]fectly lit]al r5d]+ ( ,g54 ix4 #bd1 if x 7 translat$ ?us1 :5 ,noah knew :at 8 little son,a1 or gr&son 7,b5o hakkaton7 _h done unto him1 he said1 curs$ be ,canaan1 c4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,fr5* language 9 ?is respect foll[s ! same analogy4 ,our ^w gr&son be+ 9 ,fr5*1 petit fils1 7little son47 ,ev5 if ! ,africans 7 ! desc5dants ( ,canaan1 ! assumption t _! enslavem5t is a fulfilm5t ( ?is prophecy1 lacks ev5 plausibility1 =1 only a m]e fraction ( ! inhabitants ( ,africa h at any "o "t be5 ! slaves ( o!r nations4 ,if ! objector say 9 reply1 t a l>ge majority ( ! ,africans h always be5 slaves at home1 we answ]1 #a/4 ,x is false 9 po9t ( fact1 ?\gh zeal\sly bruit$ (t5 to s]ve a turn4 #b;d4 ,if x 7 true1 h[ does x help ! argum5t8 ,! prophecy 01 ,curs$ be ,canaan2 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8 bre?r5 n unto himself6 ,,objection ,,ii4--,if a man smite 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 he %all surely be puni%$4 ,not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two1 he %all n be puni%$1 = he is 8 money4 ,exodus xxi4 #bj1 #ba4 ,argum5ts drawn f ! ,mosaic sy/em 9 support ( slav]y1 orig9ate 9 a misconception bo? ( its g5ius1 z a :ole1 & ( ! design & scope ( its mo/ simple provisions4 ,! v]ses quot$ above1 af=d an illu/ration 9 po9t4 ,:at 0 ! design ( ?is regulation8 ,0 x to grant ma/]s an indulg5ce to beat s]vants ) impunity8 & an assurance1 t if !y beat !m to dea?1 ! (f5ce w\ld n be capital8 ,?is is sub/antially :at "s mod]n ,doctors tell u4 ,:at ,deity d su* m5 wor%ip8 ,"s blood-gorg$ ,molo*1 en?ron$ on human hecatombs1 & snuff+ c>nage = inc5se8 ,did ,he :o ?und]$ out f ,s9ai's flames1 ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,n ,,kill1 (f] a b\nty on murd]8 ,:oev] analyzes ! ,mosaic sy/em--! condition ( ! p = :om x 0 made--_! inexp]i5ce 9 gov]nm5t--ignorance ( judicial proce$+s--laws ( evid5ce1 c41 w f9d a moot c\rt 9 session1 try+ law po9ts--sett+ def9itions1 or lay+ d[n rules ( evid5ce1 9 almo/ e *apt]4 ,numb]s xxxv4 #aj-bb2 ,deut]onomy xi4 #aa1 & xix4 #d-f2 ,leviticus xxiv4 #ai-bb2 ,exodus1 xxi4 #ah1 #ai1 are a few1 out ( _m cases /at$1 ) te/s furni%$ by :i* to detect ! int5t1 9 actions br\ght be=e !m4 ,! detail gone into1 9 ! v]ses quot$1 is manife/ly to enable ! judges to get at ! motive ( ! action1 & f9d out :e!r ! ma/] design$ to kill4 #a4 ,if a man smite 8 s]vant ) a rod4--,! in/rum5t us$1 gives a clue to ! int5t4 ,see ,numb]s xxxv4 #af1 #ah4 ,x 0 a rod1 n an axe1 nor a sword1 nor a bludgeon1 nor any o!r dea?-weapon--h5ce1 f ! k9d ( in/rum5t1 no design to kill w\ld be inf]r$2 = int5t to kill w\ld h>dly h tak5 a rod = its weapon4 ,b if ! s]vant dies "u 8 h&1 !n ! unfitness ( ! in/rum5t1 in/ead ( be+ evid5ce 9 8 favor1 is po9t blank aga9/ him2 =1 to /rike him ) a rod until he dies1 argues a great _m bl[s laid on ) great viol5ce1 & ?is kept up to ! dea?-gasp1 e/abli%es ! po9t ( int5t to kill4 ,h5ce ! s5t5ce1 ,he %all surely be puni%$4 ,! case is pla9 & /rong4 ,b if he cont9u$ a day or two1 ! l5g? ( "t t he liv$1 toge!r ) ! k9d ( in/rum5t us$1 & ! fact t ! ma/] _h a pecuni>y int]e/ 9 8 life1 7he is 8 money17 all1 made out a /rong case ( circum/antial evid5ce1 %[+ t ! ma/] did n design to kill2 & requir$ a correspond+ decision & s5t5ce4 ,a s+le rem>k on ! ^w puni%$3 9 ,exodus xxi4 #bj1 #ba1 ! ,hebrew ^w "h r5d]$ puni%$1 7,nakum17 is n s r5d]$ 9 ano!r in/ance4 ,yet x occurs ?irty-five times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t--9 almo/ e in/ance1 x is translat$ av5ge--9 a few1 to take v5geance1 or to rev5ge1 & 9 ?is in/ance ,,alone1 puni%4 ,z x /&s 9 our translation1 ! pron\n prec$+ x1 ref]s to ! ma/]--! ma/] 9 ! #ba/ v]se1 is to be puni%$1 & 9 ! #bb;d n to be puni%$2 :]eas ! prec$+ pron\n ref]s nei!r to ! ma/] nor to ! s]vant1 b to ! crime1 & ! ^w r5d]$ puni%$1 %\ld h be5 r5d]$ av5g$4 ,! mean+ is ?is3 ,if a man smite 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 ,,x 7! dea?7 %all surely be av5g$1 or lit]ally1 by av5g+ x %all be av5g$2 t is1 ! dea? ( ! s]vant %all be av5g$ by ! dea? ( ! ma/]4 ,s 9 ! next v]se--,if he cont9ues a day or two1 8 dea? %all n be av5g$ by ! dea? ( ! ma/]1 = 9 t case ! crime 0 to be adjudg$ manslaught]1 & n murd]1 z 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,9 ! foll[+ v]se1 ano!r case ( p]sonal injury is /at$1 n int5tional1 nor ext5d+ to life or limb1 a m]e accid5tal hurt1 = :i* ! injur] is to pay a sum ( money2 & yet our translators employ ! same phraseology 9 bo? places4 ,"o1 an in/ance ( delib]ate1 wanton1 kill+ by piecemeal4 ,! o!r & accid5tal1 & comp>atively slight injury--( ! inflict]1 9 bo? cases1 !y say ! same ?+6 ,he %all surely be puni%$4 ,n[1 j ! diff]5ce :i* common s5se w\ld expect to f9d 9 su* cases1 :]e ,,god legislates1 is /rongly m>k$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,9 ! case ( ! s]vant wilfully murd]$1 ,god says1 ,x 7! dea?7 %all surely be av5g$1 7,nakum17 t is1 ! life ( ! wrong do] %all expiate ! crime4 ,! same ^w is us$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :5 ! greate/ wrongs are r$ress$1 by devot+ ! p]petrators1 :e!r individuals or communities1 to de/ruction4 ,9 ! case ( ! un9t5tional injury1 9 ! foll[+ v]se1 ,god says1 ,he %all surely be f9$1 7,auna%47 ,he %all pay z ! judges det]m9e4 ,! simple mean+ ( ! ^w ,auna%1 is to lay a f9e4 ,x is us$ 9 ,deut4 xxii4 #ai4 ,!y %all am]ce him 9 "o hundr$ %ekels1 & 9 #b ,*ron4 xxxvi4 #c--;,he condemn$ 7mulct$7 ! l& 9 a hundr$ tal5ts ( gold4--,?is is ! g5]al use ( ! ^w1 & its prim>y signification4 ,t av5g+ ! dea? ( ! s]vant1 0 nei!r imprisonm5t1 nor /ripes1 nor am]c+ ! ma/] 9 damages1 b t x 0 tak+ ! ma/]'s life we inf]4 #a4 ,f ! ,bible usage ( ! ^w ,nakam4 ,see ,g5esis iv4 #bd2 ,jo%ua x4 #ac2 ,judges xv4 #g-xvi4 #bh2 #a ,samuel xiv4 #bd-xviii4 #be-xxv4 #ca2 #b ,samuel iv4 #h2 ,judges v4 #b2 #a ,samuel xxv4 #bf-cc1 c4 c4 #b4 ,f ! express /atute 9 su* case provid$4 ,leviticus xxiv4 #ag4 ,he t kille? ,,any man %all surely be put to dea?4 ,also ,numb]s xxxv4 #cj1 #ca4 ,:oso kille? ,,any p]son1 ! murd]] %all be put to dea?4 ,moreov] ye %all take ,,no ,,satisfaction = ! life ( a murd]] :i* is guilty ( dea?1 b he %all surely be put to dea?4 #c4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an gives ! v]se ?us1 ,dea? by ! sword %all assur$ly be adjudg$4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,j]usalem ?us1 ,v5geance %all be tak5 = him to ! utt]mo/4 ,j>*i gives ! same r5d]+4 ,! ,sam>itan v]sion ?us1 ,he %all die ! dea?4 ,aga91 ! la/ clause 9 ! #ba/ v]se 7= he is 8 money7 is (t5 quot$ to prove t ! s]vant is 8 ma/]'s prop]ty1 & !re=e1 if he di$1 ! ma/] 0 n to be puni%$4 ,because1 #a/4 ,a man may dispose ( 8 prop]ty z he pleases4 #b;d4 ,if ! s]vant di$ ( ! injury1 ! ma/]'s loss 0 a suffici5t puni%m5t4 ,a ^w ab\t ! premises1 be=e we notice ! inf]5ces4 ,! assumption is1 t ! phrase1 ,,he ,,is ,,8 ,,money1 proves n only t ! s]vant is wor? money to ! ma/]1 b t he is an article ( prop]ty4 ,if ! advocates ( slav]y w take ?is pr9ciple ( int]pretation into ! ,bible1 & turn x loose1 let !m ei!r give bonds = its behavior1 or else /& & draw 9 self-def5ce1 le/ x turn aga9 & r5d !m4 ,if !y endorse = x at "o po9t1 !y mu/ /& sponsors all ar\nd ! circle4 ,x w be too late to cry = qu>t] :5 !y f9d its /roke cle>+ ! :ole table1 & tilt+ !m among ! sweep+s b5ea?4 ,! ,bible ab\nds ) su* expressions z ! foll[+3 ,?is 7bread7 is my body2 ?is 7w9e7 is my blood2 all !y 7! ,israelites7 are brass1 & t91 & iron1 & lead2 ?is is life et]nal1 t !y might "k !e2 ?is 7! wat] ( ! well ( ,be?lehem7 is ! blood ( ! m5 :o w5t 9 jeop>dy ( _! lives2 ,i am ! lily ( ! valleys2 a g>d5 enclos$ is my si/]2 my te>s h be5 my meat2 ! ,"l ,god is a sun & a %ield2 ,god is love2 ! ,"l is my rock2 ! sev5 good e>s are sev5 ye>s1 & ! sev5 good k9e are sev5 ye>s2 ! sev5 ?9 & ill-favor$ k9e are sev5 ye>s1 & ! sev5 empty e>s bla/$ by ! ea/ w9d %all be sev5 ye>s ( fam9e2 he %all be head1 & ?\ %all be tail2 ! ,"l w be a wall ( fire2 !y %all be "o fle%2 ! tree ( ! field is man's life2 ,god is a consum+ fire2 he is 8 money1 c4 ,a passion = ! exact lit]alities ( ,bible language is s amiable1 x 7 h>d n to gratify x 9 ?is case4 ,! words 9 ! orig9al are 7,kaspo-hu17 8 silv] is he4 ,! objector's pr9ciple ( int]pretation is1 a philosoph]'s /one6 ,its miracle t\* transmutes five feet eight in*es ( fle% & bones into solid silv]6 ,q a p]man5t s]vant1 if n s nimble ) all--reason+ aga9/ =ev]1 is =e/all$ h5ce=?1 &1 ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae1 utt]ly outwitt$4 ,:o 9 8 s5ses believes t 9 ! expression1 ,he is 8 money1 ! object 0 to inculcate ! doctr9e t ! s]vant 0 a *attel8 ,! obvi\s mean+ is1 he is wor? money to 8 ma/]1 & s9ce1 if ! ma/] kill$ him1 x w\ld take money out ( 8 pocket1 ! pecuni>y loss1 ! k9d ( in/rum5t us$1 & ! fact ( 8 liv+ "s "t aft] ! injury1 7z1 if ! ma/] meant to kill1 he w\ld be likely to d x :ile ab\t x17 all toge!r make out a /rong case ( presumptive evid5ce cle>+ ! ma/] ( int5t to kill4 ,b let u look at ! objector's inf]5ces4 ,"o is1 t z ! ma/] might dispose ( 8 prop]ty z he pleas$1 he 0 n to be puni%$1 if he de/roy$ x4 ,answ]4 ,:e!r ! s]vant di$ "u ! ma/]'s h&1 or cont9u$ a day or two1 he 0 equally 8 ma/]'s prop]ty1 & ! objector admits t 9 ! fir/ case ! ma/] is to be surely puni%$ = de/roy+ 8 own prop]ty6 ,! o!r inf]5ce is1 t s9ce ! cont9uance ( a day or two1 cle>$ ! ma/] ( int5t to kill1 ! loss ( ! slave w\ld be a suffici5t puni%m5t = inflict+ ! injury :i* caus$ 8 dea?4 ,?is inf]5ce makes ! ,mosaic law false to its own pr9ciples4 ,a pecuni>y loss1 con/itut$ no "p ( ! claims ( ! law1 :]e a p]son took ! life ( ano!r4 ,9 su* case1 ! law utt]ly spurn$ money1 h[ev] l>ge ! sum4 ,god w\ld n s *eap5 human life1 z to balance x ) su* a weight4 ,ye %all take no satisfaction = ! life ( a murd]]1 b he %all surely be put to dea?4 ,see ,numb4 xxxv4 #ca4 ,ev5 9 excusable homicide1 a case ( dea? purely accid5tal1 z :]e an axe slipp$ f ! helve & kill$ a man1 no sum ( money avail$ to release f conf9em5t 9 ! city ( refuge1 until ! dea? ( ! ,high ,prie/4 ,numb]s xxxv4 #cb4 ,! doctr9e t ! loss ( ! s]vant w\ld be a p5alty adequate to ! des]t ( ! ma/]1 admits ! ma/]'s guilt--8 des]t ( "s puni%m5t1 & x prescribes a k9d ( puni%m5t1 reject$ by ! law1 9 all cases :]e man took ! life ( man1 :e!r ) or )\t int5t to kill4 ,9 %ort1 ! objector annuls an integral "p ( ! sy/em--resolves himself into a legislature1 ) p[] 9 ! premises1 makes a new law1 & coolly metes out su* p5alty z he ?9ks fit1 bo? 9 k9d & quantity4 ,mosaic /atutes am5d$1 & ,div9e legislation revis$ & improv$6 ,! ma/] :o /ruck out ! too? ( a s]vant1 :e!r int5tionally or n1 0 requir$ to set him free = 8 too?'s sake4 ,! pecuni>y loss to ! ma/] 0 ! same z ?\gh ! s]vant _h di$4 ,look at ! two cases4 ,a ma/] beats 8 s]vant s sev]ely1 t aft] a day or two he dies ( 8 w\nds2 ano!r ma/] accid5tally /rikes out 8 s]vant's too?1 & 8 s]vant is free--! pecuni>y loss ( bo? ma/]s is ! same4 ,! objector cont5ds t ! loss ( ! slave's s]vices 9 ! fir/ case is puni%m5t suffici5t = ! crime ( kill+ him2 yet ,god comm&s ! same puni%m5t = ev5 ! accid5tal knock+ out ( a too?6 ,inde$1 unless ! injury 0 done inadv]t5tly1 ! loss ( ! s]vant's s]vices is only a "p ( ! puni%m5t--m]e rep>ation to ! individual = injury done2 ! ma9 puni%m5t1 t /rictly judicial1 01 rep>ation to ! community = injury to "o ( its memb]s4 ,to set ! s]vant free1 & ?us proclaim 8 injury1 8 "r to r$ress1 & ! measure ( x--answ]$ n ! ends ( public ju/ice4 ,! law made an example ( ! (f5d]1 ^? t rema9 might he> & fe>4 ,if a man cause a blemi% 9 8 neighb\r1 z he ha? done1 s %all x be done unto him4 ,brea* = brea*1 eye = eye1 too? = too?2 z he ha? caus$ a blemi% 9 a man1 s %all x be done to him aga94 ,y h "o mann] ( law z well = ! ,,/rang] z = "o ( y\r own c\ntry4 ,lev4 xxiv4 #ai1 #bj1 #bb4 ,f9ally1 if a ma/] smote out ! too? ( a s]vant1 ! law smote out 8 too?--?us r$ress+ ! public wrong2 & x cancell$ ! s]vant's obligation to ! ma/]1 ?us giv+ "s comp5sation = ! injury done1 & exempt+ him f p]il\s liabilities 9 future4 ,,objection ,,iii4 ,bo? ! bondm5 & bondmaids :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y1 ( !m %all ye buy bondm5 & bondmaids4 ,moreov] ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy1 & ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y begat 9 y\r l&1 & !y %all be y\r possession4 ,& ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a possession2 !y %all be y\r bondm5 =ev]4 ,lev4 xxv4 #dd-df4 ,! po9ts 9 ^! v]ses1 urg$ z pro(1 t ! ,mosaic sy/em sanction$ slav]y1 are #a4 ,! ^w ,,bondm54 #b4 ,,buy4 #c4 ,,inh]itance ,,& ,,possession4 #d4 ,,=ev]4 ,! second po9t1 ! buy+ ( s]vants1 has be5 already discuss$1 see page #ae4 ,& a "p ( ! ?ird 7hold+ s]vants z a possession4 ,see p4 #cf47 ,we w n[ asc]ta9 :at sanction to slav]y is d]ivable f ! t]ms bondm51 inh]itance1 & =ev]4 ,i4 ,,bondm54 ,! fact t s]vants1 f ! hea!n are call$ bondm51 :ile o!rs are call$ s]vants1 is quot$ z pro( t ! =m] 7 slaves4 ,z ! caprices ( ,k+ ,james' translators 7 n div9ely inspir$1 we ne$ /& 9 no special awe ( !m4 ,! ^w r5d]$ bondm51 9 ?is passage1 is ! same ^w uni=mly r5d]$ s]vants else:]e4 ,to inf] f ?is t ! ,g5tile s]vants 7 slaves1 is absurd4 ,look at ! use ( ! ,hebrew ^w ,eb$1 ! plural ( :i* is "h translat$ bondm54 ,9 ,isaiah xlii4 #a1 ! same ^w is appli$ to ,*ri/4 ,behold my s]vant 7bondman1 slave87 :om ,i h *os51 m9e elect 9 :om my s\l delighte?4 ,s ,isaiah lii4 #ac4 ,behold my s]vant 7,*ri/7 %all deal prud5tly4 ,9 #a ,k+s xii4 #f1 #g1 x is appli$ to ,k+ ,rehoboam4 ,& !y 7! old m57 spake unto him1 say+ if ?\ wilt be a s]vant 7,eb$7 unto ?is p ?is day1 & w s]ve !m & answ] !m1 & wilt speak good words to !m1 !n !y w be ?y s]vants =ev]4 ,9 #b ,*ron4 xii4 #g1 #h1 #i1 #ac1 x is appli$ to ! k+ & all ! nation4 ,9 f9e1 ! ^w is appli$ to all p]sons do+ s]vice to o!rs--to magi/rates1 to all gov]nm5tal (fic]s1 to tribut>ies1 to all ! subjects ( gov]nm5ts1 to y\ng] sons--def9+ _! relation to ! fir/ born1 :o is call$ ,"l & rul]--to prophets1 to k+s1 to ! ,messiah1 & 9 respectful addresses n less ?an fifty times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,if ! ,israelites n only held slaves1 b multitudes ( !m1 :y _h _! language no ^w t meant slave8 ,if ,abraham _h ?\s&s1 & if !y ab\nd$ "u ! ,mosaic sy/em1 :y _h !y no su* ^w z slave or slav]y8 ,t language mu/ be w(ully pov]ty /rick51 :i* has no signs to repres5t ! mo/ common & famili> objects & conditions4 ,to repres5t by ! same ^w1 & )\t figure1 prop]ty1 & ! own] ( t prop]ty1 is a solecism4 ,ziba 0 an ,eb$1 yet he own$ 767 tw5ty ,eb$s4 ,9 ,engli%1 we h bo? ! words s]vant & slave4 ,:y8 ,because we h bo? ! ?+s1 & ne$ signs = !m4 ,if ! tongue _h a %ea?1 z swords h scabb>ds1 we %\ld h "s "n = x3 b our diction>ies give u none4 ,:y8 because !re is no su* ?+4 ,b ! objector asks1 ,w\ld n ! ,israelites use _! ^w ,eb$ if !y spoke ( ! slave ( a hea!n8 ,answ]4 ,! s]vants ( individuals among ! hea!n are sc>cely ev] allud$ to4 ,national s]vants or tribut>ies1 are spok5 ( frequ5tly1 b s r>ely are _! dome/ic s]vants allud$ to1 no necessity exi/$1 ev5 if !y 7 slaves1 = co9+ a new ^w4 ,besides1 ! fact ( _! be+ dome/ics1 "u hea!n laws & usages1 proclaim$ _! liabilities2 _! locality told _! condition2 s t 9 apply+ to !m ! ^w ,eb$1 !re w\ld be no dang] ( be+ misund]/ood4 ,b if ! ,israelites _h n only s]vants1 b besides ^!1 a multitude ( slaves1 a ^w mean+ slave1 w\ld h be5 indisp5sable = purposes ( e day conv5i5ce4 ,fur!r1 ! laws ( ! ,mosaic sy/em 7 s _m s5t9els on e side1 to w>n (f =eign practices4 ,! bord] gr\nd ( ,canaan1 0 qu>ant9e gr\nd1 en=c+ ! /ricte/ non-int]c\rse betwe5 ! )\t & ! )91 n ( p]sons1 b ( usages4 ,! fact t ! ,hebrew language _h no words correspond+ to slave & slav]y1 ?\gh n a conclusive argum5t1 is no slight corroborative4 ,,ii4 ,,=ev]4--,!y %all be y\r bondm5 =ev]4 ,?is is quot$ to prove t s]vants 7 to s]ve dur+ _! life "t1 & _! po/]ity1 f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,no su* idea is conta9$ 9 ! passage4 ,! ^w =ev]1 in/ead ( def9+ ! l5g? ( individual s]vice1 proclaims ! p]man5ce ( ! regulation laid d[n 9 ! two v]ses prec$+1 namely1 t _! p]man5t dome/ics %\ld be ( ! ,/rang]s1 & n ( ! ,israelites2 & x decl>es ! duration ( t g5]al provision4 ,z if ,god _h said1 ,y %all always get y\r p]man5t labor]s f ! nations r\nd ab\t y--y\r s]vants %all always be ( t class ( p]sons4 ,z x /&s 9 ! orig9al1 x is pla9--,=ev] ( !m %all ye s]ve y\rselves4 ,?is is ! lit]al r5d]+ ( ! ,hebrew words1 :i*1 9 our v]sion1 are translat$1 ,!y %all be y\r bondm5 =ev]4 ,?is con/ruction is 9 keep+ ) ! :ole ( ! passage4 ,bo? ?y bondm5 & ?y bondmaids1 :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n 7! nations7 t are r\nd ab\t y4 ,,( ,,!m %all ye buy bondm5 & bondmaids4 ,moreov] ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y1 ,,( ,,!m %all ye buy1 c4 ,! design ( ?is passage is manife/ f its /ructure4 ,x 0 to po9t out ! class ( p]sons f :i* !y 7 to get _! supply ( s]vants1 & ! way 9 :i* !y 7 to get !m4 ,t =ev] ref]s to ! p]man5t relations ( a community1 r ?an to ! s]vices ( individuals1 is a fair inf]5ce f ! =m ( ! expression1 ,,!y %all be y\r possession4 ,ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 to inh]it !m = a possession4 ,to say no?+ ( ! unc]ta9ty ( ^! individuals surviv+ ^? aft] :om !y are to live1 ! language us$1 applies m naturally to a body ( p1 ?an to individual s]vants4 ,b suppose x o!rwise2 /ill p]petual s]vice c\ld n be argu$ f ! t]m =ev]4 ,! n9? & t5? v]ses ( ! same *apt]1 limit x absolutely by ! jubilee4 ,!n %all ?\ cause ! trumpet ( ! jubilee to s\nd on ! t5? day ( ! sev5? mon?3 9 ! day ( atonem5t %all ye make ! trumpet s\nd ?r\gh\t ,,all y\r l&4 ,& ye %all hall[ ! fiftie? ye>1 & proclaim lib]ty ?r\gh\t all ! l& unto ,,all ! inhabitants !re(4 ,x may be object$ t inhabitants "h means ,israeliti% inhabitants alone4 ,! comm& is1 ,proclaim lib]ty ?r\gh\t all ! l& unto ,,all ! inhabitants !re(4 ,besides1 9 ! six? v]se1 !re is an enum]ation ( ! diff]5t classes ( ! inhabitants1 9 :i* s]vants & /rang]s are includ$4 ,& ! ,sabba? ( ! l& %all be meet = ,,y--,= :om8 ,= y ,israelites only8--= !e1 & = ?y ,,s]vant1 & = ?y maid1 & = ?y hir$ s]vant1 & = ?y ,,/rang] t soj\rne? ) !e4 ,fur!r1 9 all ! regulations ( ! jubilee1 & ! sabbatical ye>1 ! /rang]s are includ$ 9 ! precepts1 prohibitions1 & promis$ bless+s4 ,aga93 ! ye> ( jubilee 0 u%]$ 91 by ! day ( atonem5t4 ,:at 0 ! design ( ^! in/itutions8 ,! day ( atonem5t prefigur$ ! atonem5t ( ,*ri/1 & ! ye> ( jubilee1 ! gospel jubilee4 ,& did !y prefigure an atonem5t & a jubilee to ,jews only8 ,7 !y ! types ( s9s remitt$1 & ( salvation1 proclaim$ to ! nation ( ,israel alone8 ,is !re no r$emption = u ,g5tiles 9 ^! ends ( ! e>?1 & is our hope presumption & impiety8 ,did t old p>tition wall survive ! %ock1 t made e>? quake1 & hid ! sun1 bur/ graves & rocks1 & r5t ! temple vail8 ,& did ! ,gospel only re> x high] to ?und] dir] p]dition f its fr[n+ battlem5ts on all )\t8 ,no6 ,! ,god ( ,,our salvation lives4 ,good tid+s ( great joy %all be to ,,all p4 ,"o %\t %all swell f all ! ransom$1 ,?\ ha/ r$eem$ u unto ,god by ?y blood out ( ,,e k9dr$1 & tongue1 & p1 & nation4 ,to d5y t ! bless+s ( ! jubilee ext5d$ to ! s]vants f ! ,g5tiles1 makes ,*ri/ianity ,judaism4 ,x n only eclipses ! glory ( ! ,gospel1 b /rikes out ! sun4 ,! refusal to release s]vants at ! s\nd ( ! jubilee trumpet1 falsifi$ & disannull$ a gr& lead+ type ( ! atonem5t1 & ?us libell$ ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/'s r$emption4 ,f9ally1 ev5 if =ev] did ref] to ! l5g? ( individual s]vice1 we h ample prec$5ts = limit+ ! t]m by ! jubilee4 ,! same ^w is us$ to def9e ! l5g? ( "t = :i* ^? ,jewi% s]vants 7 held1 :o refus$ to g out 9 ! sev5? ye>4 ,& all admit t _! t]m ( s]vice did n g beyond ! jubilee4 ,ex4 xxi4 #b-f2 ,deut4 xv4 #ab-ag4 ,! #bc;d v]se ( ! same *apt] is quot$ to prove t =ev] 9 ! #df? v]se1 ext5ds beyond ! jubilee4 ,! l& %all n be sold ,,=ev]1 = ! l& is m9e--z x w\ld h>dly be us$ 9 diff]5t s5ses 9 ! same g5]al connection4 ,9 reply1 we repeat t =ev] respects ! duration ( ! g5]al arrangem5t1 & n t ( individual s]vice4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n affect$ by ! jubilee2 s ! objection does n t\* ! argum5t4 ,b x may n be amiss to %[ t x is equally h>mless aga9/ any o!r argum5t drawn f ! use ( =ev] 9 ! #df? v]se1--= ! ^w !re us$1 is ,olam1 mean+ ?r\gh\t ! p]iod1 :atev] t may be4 ,:]eas 9 ! #bc;d v]se1 x is ,tsemi?u?1 mean+ cutt+ (f1 or to be cut (f4 ,,iii4 ,,inh]itance ,,& ,,possession4--,ye %all take !m z an ,,inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y to inh]it !m = a possession4 ,?is ref]s to ! nations1 & n to ! individual s]vants1 procur$ f ^! nations4 ,we h already %[n1 t s]vants c\ld n be held z a prop]ty-possession1 & inh]itance2 t !y became s]vants ( _! own accord1 & 7 paid wages2 t !y 7 releas$ by law f _! regul> labor ne>ly half ! days 9 ea* ye>1 & ?or\ghly in/ruct$2 t ! s]vants 7 protect$ 9 all _! p]sonal1 social1 & religi\s rights1 equally ) _! ma/]s1 c4 ,n[1 truly1 all rema9+1 aft] ^! ample res]vations1 w\ld be small temptation1 ei!r to ! lu/ ( p[] or ( lucre4 ,:at a pr(itable possession & inh]itance6 ,:at if our ,am]ican slaves 7 all plac$ 9 j su* a condition6 ,alas1 = t s(t1 melodi\s circumlocution1 ,our ,,peculi> species ( prop]ty6 ,truly1 emphasis is cad5ce1 & euphony & irony h met toge!r6 ,:at eag] snat*es at m]e words1 & bald te*nics1 irrespective ( connection1 pr9ciples ( con/ruction1 ,bible usages1 or limitations ( mean+ by o!r passages--& all to eke out su* a s5se z accords ) exi/+ usages & sanctifies !m1 ?us mak+ ,god p&] = _! lu/s4 ,little matt] :e!r ! mean+ ( ! ^w be prim>y or second>y1 lit]al or figurative1 provid$ x su/a9s _! practices4 ,b let u inquire :e!r ! words r5d]$ inh]it & inh]itance1 :5 us$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 necess>ily po9t out ! ?+s inh]it$ & possess$ z articles ( prop]ty4 ,nahal & ,nahala--inh]it & inh]itance4 ,see #b ,*ronicles x4 #af4 ,! p answ]$ ! k+ & said1 ,:at portion h we 9 ,david1 & we h none inh]itance 9 ! son ( ,jesse4 ,did !y mean gravely to disclaim ! hold+ ( _! k+ z an article ( prop]ty8 ,psalms cxxvii4 #c--,lo1 *ildr5 are an h]itage 7inh]itance7 ( ! ,"l4 ,exodus xxxiv4 #i--,p>don our iniquity & our s91 & take u = ?9e inh]itance4 ,:5 ,god p>dons 8 enemies1 & adopts !m z 8 *ildr51 does he make !m articles ( prop]ty8 ,are =giv5ess1 & *attel-mak+1 synonymes8 ,psalms cxix4 #aaa--,?y te/imonies h ,i tak5 z a h]itage 7inh]itance7 =ev]4 ,ezekiel xliv4 #bg1 #bh--;,& 9 ! day t he goe? into ! sanctu>y1 unto ! inn] c\rt to m9i/] 9 ! sanctu>y1 he %all (f] 8 s9-(f]+1 sai? ! ,"l ,god4 ,& x %all be unto !m = an inh]itance2 ,i am _! inh]itance4 ,psalms ii4 #h--;,ask ( me1 & ,i w give !e ! hea!n = ?9e inh]itance4 ,psalms xciv4 #ad--;,= ! ,"l w n ca/ (f 8 p1 nei!r w he =sake 8 inh]itance4 ,see also ,deut]onomy iv4 #bj2 ,jo%ua xiii4 #cc2 ,*ronicles x4 #af2 ,psalms lxxxii4 #h1 & lxxviii4 #fb1 #ga2 ,prov]bs xiv4 #h4 ,! "q :e!r ! s]vants 7 a ,,prop]ty--possession1 has be5 already discuss$--7,see p4 #cf7--we ne$ add 9 ?is place b a ^w4 ,ahusa r5d]$ possession4 ,g5esis xlii4 #aa--;,& ,joseph plac$ 8 fa!r & 8 bre?r51 & gave !m a possession 9 ! l& ( ,egypt1 9 ! be/ ( ! l&1 9 ! l& ( ,rameses1 z ,ph>aoh _h comm&$4 ,9 :at s5se 0 ! l& ( ,go%5 ! possession ( ! ,israelites8 ,answ]1 ,9 ! s5se (1 hav+ x to live 94 ,9 :at s5se 7 ! ,israelites to possess ^! nations1 & take !m z an inh]itance = _! *ildr58 ,we answ]1 ,!y possess$ !m z a p]man5t s\rce ( supply = dome/ic or h\sehold s]vants4 ,& ?is relation to ^! nations 0 to g d[n to po/]ity z a /&+ regulation--a national usage respect+ !m1 hav+ ! c]ta9ty & regul>ity ( a desc5t by inh]itance4 ,! s5se ( ! :ole regulation may be giv5 ?us3 ,?y p]man5t dome/ics1 bo? male & female1 :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! nations t are r\nd ab\t y1 ( !m %all ye get male & female dome/ics4 ,moreov] ( ! *ildr5 ( ! =eign]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye get1 & ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y begat 9 y\r l&1 & !y %all be y\r p]man5t res\rce1 7= h\sehold s]vants47 ,& ye %all take !m z a p]petual provision = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to hold z a con/ant s\rce ( supply4 ,,always ( !m %all ye s]ve y\rselves4 ,,objection ,,iv4 ,if ?y bro!r t dwelle? by !e be wax5 poor1 & be sold unto !e1 ?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a ,,bond-,,s]vant1 b z an ,,hir$-,,s]vant1 & z a soj\rn] %all he be ) !e1 & %all s]ve !e unto ! ye> ( jubilee4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ci1 #dj4 ,f ! fact t only "o class ( ! s]vants is call$ hir$1 x is sagely inf]r$ t s]vants ( ! o!r class 7 n paid = _! labor4 ,t is1 t :ile ,god ?und]$ ana!mas aga9/ ^? :o us$ _! neighbor's s]vice )\t wages1 he grant$ a special indulg5ce to 8 *os5 p to seize p]sons1 =ce !m to "w1 & rob !m ( e>n+s1 provid$ always1 9 select+ _! victims1 !y sp>$ ! g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+1 & p\nc$ only ^u ! /rang]s & ! common p4 ,! inf]5ce t hir$ is synonim\s ) paid1 & t ^? s]vants n call$ hir$ 7 n paid = _! labor1 is a m]e assumption4 ,! mean+ ( ! ,engli% v]b to hire1 is1 z e "o kn[s1 to procure = a tempor>y use at a curta9 price--to engage a p]son to tempor>y s]vice = wages4 ,t is also ! mean+ ( ! ,hebrew ^w ,sauk>4 ,tempor>y s]vice1 & g5]ally = a specific object1 is insep>able f its mean+4 ,x is nev] us$ :5 ! procurem5t ( p]man5t s]vice1 = a long p]iod1 is spok5 (4 ,n[1 we ask1 w\ld p]man5t s]vants1 ^? :o con/itut$ an integral & /ation>y "p ( ! family1 h be5 designat$ by ! same t]m t m>ks tempor>y s]vants8 ,! e-day di/9ctions made on ?is subject1 are z famili> z table-talk4 ,9 _m families1 ! dome/ics p]=m only su* labor1 z e day br+s along ) x--! regul> "w4 ,:atev] is occasional m]ely1 z ! wa%+ ( a family1 is done by p]sons hir$ expressly = ! purpose4 ,9 su* families1 ! famili> di/9ction betwe5 ! two classes1 is s]vants1 or dome/ics1 & hir$ help1 7n paid help47 ,bo? classes are paid4 ,"o is p]man5t1 ! o!r occasional & tempor>y1 & !re=e 9 ?is case call$ hir$4 ,to suppose a s]vant robb$ ( 8 e>n+s1 because :5 spok5 (1 he is n call$ a hir$ s]vant1 is pr(\nd induction6 ,if ,i employ a man at twelve doll>s a mon? to "w my f>m1 he is my hir$ man1 b if1 in/ead ( giv+ him s mu* a mon?1 ,i give him su* a portion ( ! crop1 or 9 o!r words1 if he works my f>m on %>es1 he is no long] my hir$ man4 ,e f>m] kn[s t t designation is n appli$ to him4 ,yet he works ! same f>m1 9 ! same way1 at ! same times1 & ) ! same teams & tools2 & does ! same am\nt ( "w 9 ! ye>1 & p]haps cle>s tw5ty doll>s a mon?1 in/ead ( ! twelve1 paid him :ile he 0 my hir$ labor]4 ,n[1 z ! te*nic hir$ is no long] us$ to designate him1 & z he /ill labors on my f>m1 suppose my neighbors ga!r 9 conclave1 & f su* ample premises sagely inf]1 t s9ce he is no long] my hir$ labor]1 ,i rob him ( 8 e>n+s1 & ) all ! gravity ( owls1 !y record _! decision1 & adj\rn to hoot x abroad4 ,my neighbors are deep div]s6--l "s !ological pr(essors1 !y n only g to ! bottom1 b come up cov]$ ) ! tok5s4 ,a v>iety ( p>ticul>s are record$ 9 ! ,bible1 di/+ui%+ hir$ f b\ght s]vants4 7#a47 ,hir$ s]vants 7 paid daily at ! close ( _! "w4 ,lev4 xix #ac2 ,deut4 xxiv4 #ad1 #ae2 ,job4 vii4 #b2 ,matt4 xx4 #h4 ,b\ght s]vants 7 paid 9 advance1 7a reason = _! be+ call$1 b\ght17 & ^? t w5t out at ! sev5? ye> receiv$ a gratuity at ! close ( _! p]iod ( s]vice4 ,deut4 xv4 #ab-ac4 7#b47 ,! hir$ s]vant 0 paid 9 money1 ! b\ght s]vant receiv$ 8 gratuity1 at lea/1 9 gra91 cattle1 & ! product ( ! v9tage4 ,deut4 xiv4 #ag4 7#c47 ,! hir$ s]vant liv$ by himself1 9 8 own family4 ,! b\ght s]vant 0 a "p ( 8 ma/]'s family4 7#d47 ,! hir$ s]vant support$ 8 family out ( 8 wages2 ! b\ght s]vant & 8 family1 7 support$ by ! ma/] besides 8 wages4 ,a c>eful inve/igation ( ! condition ( hir$ & ( b\ght s]vants1 %[s t ! latt] 71 z a class1 sup]ior to ! =m]--7 m tru/-wor?y1 _h great] privileges1 & occupi$ 9 e respect 7o!r ?+s be+ equal7 a high] /ation 9 society4 7#a47 ,!y 7 intimately incorporat$ ) ! family ( ! ma/]4 ,!y 7 gue/s at family fe/ivals1 & social solemnities1 f :i* hir$ s]vants 7 exclud$4 ,lev4 xxii4 #aj2 ,exod4 xii4 #dc1 #de4 7#b7 ,_! int]e/s 7 f> m id5tifi$ ) ! g5]al int]e/s ( _! ma/]s' family4 ,b\ght s]vants 7 (t5 actually1 or prospectively1 heirs ( _! ma/]'s e/ate4 ,witness ! case ( ,eliez]1 ( ,ziba1 ( ! sons ( ,bilhah1 & ,zilpah1 & o!rs4 ,:5 !re 7 no sons to inh]it ! e/ate1 or :51 by unwor?9ess1 !y _h =feit$ _! title1 b\ght s]vants 7 made heirs4 ,prov]bs xvii4 #b4 ,we f9d traces ( ?is usage 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b :5 ! husb&m5 saw him1 !y reason$ among !mselves1 say+1 ?is is ! heir1 come let u kill him1 t ! inh]itance may be ours4 ,luke xx4 #ad2 also ,m>k xii4 #g4 ,9 no in/ance on ,bible record1 does a hir$ s]vant inh]it 8 ma/]'s e/ate4 7#c47 ,m>riages took place betwe5 s]vants & _! ma/]'s daught]s4 ,n[ ,%e%an _h no sons1 b daught]s3 & ,%e%an _h a s]vant1 an ,egyptian1 ^: "n 0 ,j>ha4 ,& ,%e%an gave 8 daught] to ,j>ha 8 s]vant to wife4 #a ,*ron4 ii4 #cd1 #ce4 ,!re is no in/ance ( a hir$ s]vant =m+ su* an alliance4 7#d47 ,b\ght s]vants & _! desc5dants seem to h be5 reg>d$ ) ! same affection & respect z ! o!r memb]s ( ! family,a4 ,! treatm5t ( ,eliez]1 & ! o!r s]vants 9 ! family ( ,abraham1 ,g54 *ap4 #be--! int]c\rse betwe5 ,gideon & 8 s]vant ,phurah1 ,judges vii4 #aj1 #aa4 & ,saul & 8 s]vant1 9 _! int]view ) ,samuel1 #a ,sam4 ix4 #e1 #bb2 & ,jona?an & 8 s]vant1 #a ,sam4 xiv4 #a-ad1 & ,eli%a & 8 s]vant ,gehazi1 are illu/rations4 ,no su* tie seems to h exi/$ betwe5 hir$ s]vants & _! ma/]s4 ,_! untru/wor?9ess seems to h be5 prov]bial4 ,see ,john ix4 #ab1 #ac4 ,none b ! l[e/ class seem to h engag$ z hir$ s]vants4 ,no in/ance occurs 9 :i* !y are assign$ to bus9ess dem&+ mu* k or skill4 ,v>i\s passages %[ ! l[ repute & trifl+ "* ( ! class f :i* !y 7 hir$4 ,judges ix4 #d2 #a ,sam4 ii4 #e4 ,! sup]ior condition & privileges ( b\ght s]vants1 are manife/$ 9 ! high tru/s confid$ to !m1 & 9 ! dignity & au?ority ) :i* !y 7 clo!d 9 _! ma/]'s h\sehold4 ,b 9 no in/ance is a hir$ s]vant ?us di/+ui%$4 ,9 "s cases1 ! b\ght s]vant is manife/ly ! ma/]'s repres5tative 9 ! family--) pl5ipot5ti>y p[]s ov] adult *ildr51 ev5 negotiat+ m>riage = !m4 ,abraham bes\ght ,eliez] 8 s]vant1 to take a solemn oa?1 t ,,he w\ld n take a wife = ,isaac ( ! daught]s ( ! ,canaanites1 b f ,abraham's k9dr$4 ,! s]vant w5t accord+ly1 & himself select$ ! individual4 ,s]vants also ex]cis$ discretion>y p[] 9 ! managem5t ( _! ma/]'s e/ate1 ,& ! s]vant took t5 camels1 ( ! camels ( 8 ma/]1 = all ! goods ( 8 ma/] 7 "u 8 h&4 ,g54 xxiv4 #aj4 ,! reason assign$ = tak+ !m1 is n t su* 0 ,abraham's direction1 b t ! s]vant _h discretion>y control4 ,s]vants _h also discretion>y p[] 9 ! disposal ( prop]ty4 ,see ,g54 xxiv4 #bb1 #bc1 #ec4 ,! condition ( ,ziba 9 ! h\se ( ,mephibose?1 is a case 9 po9t4 ,s is ,prov4 xvii4 #b4 ,di/9ct traces ( ?is e/imation are to be f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,ma?4 xxiv4 #de2 ,luke xii4 #db1 #dd4 ,s 9 ! p>able ( ! tal5ts2 ! ma/] seems to h set up ea* ( 8 s]vants 9 trade ) consid]able capital4 ,"o ( !m c\ld n h _h less ?an eight ?\s& doll>s4 ,! p>able ( ! unju/ /ew>d is ano!r illu/ration4 ,luke xvi4 #d1 #h4 ,he evid5tly 0 entru/$ ) l>ge discretion>y p[]1 0 accus$ ( wa/+ 8 ma/]'s goods4 & manife/ly regulat$ ) 8 ma/]'s debtors1 ! t]ms ( settlem5t4 ,su* tru/s 7 nev] repos$ 9 hir$ s]vants4 ,! inf]ior condition ( hir$ s]vants1 is illu/rat$ 9 ! p>able ( ! prodigal son4 ,:5 ! prodigal1 p]i%+ ) hung] among ! sw9e & husks1 came to himself1 8 pr\d he>t broke2 ,i w arise1 he cri$1 & g to my fa!r4 ,& !n to assure 8 fa!r ( ! dep? ( 8 humility1 resolv$ to add implor+ly1 ,make me z "o ( ?y hir$ s]vants4 ,x ne$ n be rem>k$1 t if hir$ s]vants 7 ! sup]ior class2 to apply = ! situation1 & press ! suit1 savor$ little ( t s5se ( unwor?9ess t seeks ! du/ ) hidd5 face1 & cries unclean4 ,unhumbl$ nature climbs2 or if x falls1 cl+s fa/1 :]e fir/ x may4 ,humility s9ks ( its own weight1 & 9 ! l[e/ deep1 digs l[]4 ,! design ( ! p>able 0 to illu/rate on ! "o h&1 ! joy ( ,god1 z he beholds af> (f1 ! return+ s9n] seek+ an injur$ fa!r's face :o runs to clasp & bless him ) an un*id+ welcome2 & on ! o!r1 ! contrition ( ! p5it5t1 turn+ homew>d ) te>s1 f 8 w&]+s1 8 /rick5 _s break+ ) its ill-des]t1 he sobs al\d1 ,! l[e/ place1 ! l[e/ place1 ,i c abide no o!r4 ,or 9 ^? inimitable words1 ,fa!r1 ,i h s9n$ aga9/ ,heav51 & 9 ?y sight1 & no m wor?y to be call$ ?y son2 make me z "o ( ?y ,,hir$ s]vants4 ,! supposition t hir$ s]vants 7 ! highe/ class1 takes f ! p>able an elem5t ( w9n+ beauty & pa?os4 ,x is manife/ to e c>eful /ud5t ( ! ,bible1 t "o class ( s]vants1 0 on t]ms ( equality ) ! *ildr5 & o!r memb]s ( ! family4 7,h5ce ! =ce ( ,paul's decl>ation1 ,gal4 iv4 #a1 ,n[ ,i say unto y1 t ! heir1 s long z he is a *ild1 ,,diff]e? ,,no?+ ,,f ,a ,,s]vant1 ?\gh he be "l ( all47 ,if ?is 7 ! hir$ class1 ! prodigal 0 a sorry specim5 ( humility4 ,w\ld our ,"l h put su* language1 into ! lips ( "o held up by himself1 z a model ( gospel humility1 to illu/rate its l[l9ess1 its consci\s de/itution ( all m]it1 & deep s5se ( all ill des]t8 ,if ?is is humility1 put x on /ilts1 & set x a /rutt+1 :ile pride takes lessons1 & blund]s 9 ape+ x4 ,"h let x be obs]v$1 t bo? ,israelites & ,/rang]s1 belong$ indiscrim9ately to ea* class ( ! s]vants1 ! b\ght & ! hir$4 ,t ^? 9 ! =m] class1 :e!r ,jews or ,/rang]s1 7 9 high] e/imation1 & rose to honors & au?ority 9 ! family circle1 :i* 7 n conf]r$ on hir$ s]vants1 has be5 already %[n4 ,x %\ld be add$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! enjoym5t ( privileges1 m]ely political & national1 ! hir$ s]vants f ! ,israelites1 7 m favor$ ?an ei!r ! hir$1 or ! b\ght s]vants f ! ,/rang]s4 ,no "o f ! ,/rang]s1 h[ev] weal?y or highly end[$1 0 eligible to ! highe/ (fice1 nor c\ld he own ! soil4 ,?is la/ disability seems to h be5 "o reason = ! diff]5t p]iods ( s]vice requir$ ( ! two classes ( b\ght s]vants--! ,israelites & ! ,/rang]s4 ,! ,israelite 0 to s]ve six ye>s--! ,/rang] until ! jubilee,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,bo? classes may ) propriety be call$ p]man5t s]vants2 ev5 ! b\ght ,israelite1 :5 8 six-ye>s' s]vice is contra/$ ) ! brief t]m ( ! hir$ s]vant4 ,z ! ,/rang]s c\ld n own ! soil1 nor ev5 h\ses1 except )9 wall$ t[ns1 mo/ ( !m w\ld *oose to atta* !mselves p]man5tly to ,israeliti% families4 ,^? ,/rang]s :o 7 weal?y1 or skill$ 9 manufactures1 in/ead ( becom+ s]vants !mselves1 w\ld ne$ s]vants = _! own use1 & z inducem5ts = ! ,/rang]s to become s]vants to ! ,israelites1 7 great] ?an p]sons ( _! own nation c\ld hold out to !m1 ^! weal?y ,/rang]s w\ld naturally procure ! poor] ,israelites = s]vants4 ,see ,levit4 xxv4 #dg4 ,9 a ^w1 su* 0 ! political condition ( ! ,/rang]s1 ! ,jewi% polity furni%$ a /rong motive to !m1 to become s]vants1 ?us incorporat+ !mselves ) ! nation1 & procur+ ^? social & religi\s privileges already enum]at$1 & = _! *ildr5 9 ! second g5]ation1 a p]man5t inh]itance4 7,?is la/ 0 a regulation ( lat] date4 ,ezekiel xlvii4 #ba-bc47 ,inde$1 ! /ructure ( ! :ole ,mosaic polity1 0 a virtual b\nty (f]$ to ^? :o w\ld become p]man5t s]vants1 & m]ge 9 ! ,jewi% sy/em _! di/9ct nationality4 ,none b ! moni$ ari/ocracy among !m1 w\ld be likely to decl9e su* (f]s4 ,= v>i\s reasons1 ?is class1 7! s]vants b\ght f ! ,/rang]s17 w\ld pref] a long s]vice4 ,!y w\ld ?us m effectually become absorb$ into ! national circulation1 & id5tify _! int]e/s ) ^? 9 ^: gift 7 all ?+s desirable = !mselves1 & bright] prospects = _! *ildr54 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,israelites1 own+ all ! soil1 & an inh]itance ( l& be+ a sort ( sacr$ possession1 to hold x free ( incumbrance1 01 ) e ,israelite1 a delicate po9t1 bo? ( family honor & p]sonal "*4 #a ,k+s xxi4 #c4 ,h5ce1 to =ego ! possession ( "o's inh]itance1 aft] ! division ( ! pat]nal doma91 or to be re/ra9$ f its control1 aft] hav+ acc$$ to x1 0 a burd5 griev\s to be borne4 ,to mitigate1 z mu* z possible1 su* a calamity1 ! law1 in/ead ( requir+ ! ,israelite to cont9ue a s]vant until ! jubilee1 releas$ him at ! end six ye>s,a1 z1 dur+ t "t--if1 ( ! fir/ class--! p>tition ( ! patrimonial l& might h tak5 place2 or1 if ( ! second1 en\gh money might h be5 e>n$ to dis5cumb] 8 e/ate1 & ?us he might assume 8 /ation z a "l ( ! soil4 ,if ^! cont+5cies _h n occurr$1 !n1 at ! end ( ano!r six ye>s1 ! opportunity 0 aga9 (f]$1 & 9 ! same mann] until ! jubilee4 ,s :ile /rong motives urg$ ! ,israelite1 to discont9ue 8 s]vice z soon z ! exig5cy _h pass$1 :i* induc$ him to become a s]vant1 e consid]ation impell$ ! ,/rang] to prolong 8 t]m ( s]vice2 & ! same k9dness :i* dictat$ ! law ( six ye>s' s]vice = ! ,israelite1 assign$ z ! g5]al rule1 a mu* long] p]iod to ! ,g5tile s]vant1 :o1 in/ead ( be+ tempt$ to a brief s]vice1 _h e inducem5t to protract ! t]m4 ,footnote ,a3 ,ano!r reason = protract+ ! s]vice until ! sev5? ye>1 seems to h be51 its co9cid5ce ) o!r arrangem5ts1 & provisions1 insep>able f ! ,jewi% economy4 ,t p]iod 0 a favorite "o 9 ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,its pecuni>y responsibilities1 social relations & g5]al int]nal /ructure1 if n graduat$ ^u a sept5nial scale1 7 v>i\sly modifi$ by ! lapse ( ! p]iod4 ,ano!r reason d\btless 01 t z ^? ,israelites :o became s]vants ?r\gh pov]ty1 w\ld n sell !mselves1 except z a la/ resort :5 o!r exp$i5ts to recruit _! f9ances _h fail$--7,see ,lev4 xxv4 #ce7--_! becom+ s]vants proclaim$ su* a /ate ( _! affairs1 z dem&$ ! labor ( a c\rse ( ye>s fully to re9/ate !m4 ,x is important to a cle> und]/&+ ( ! :ole subject1 to keep 9 m9d t adult ,jews ord9>ily became s]vants1 only z a tempor>y exp$i5t to relieve !mselves f emb>rassm5t1 & ceas$ to be su* :5 t object 0 effect$4 ,! pov]ty t =c$ !m to x 0 a calamity1 & _! s]vice 0 ei!r a means ( relief1 or a measure ( prev5tion4 ,x 0 n pursu$ z a p]man5t bus9ess1 b resort$ to on em]g5cies--a sort ( episode 9 ! ma9 scope ( _! lives4 ,:]eas ) ! ,/rang]s1 x 0 a p]man5t employm5t1 pursu$ n m]ely z a means ( bett]+ _! own condition1 & prospectively t ( _! po/]ity1 b also1 z an end = its own sake1 conf]r+ on !m privileges1 & a social e/imation n o!rwise atta9able4 ,we see f ! =ego+1 :y s]vants pur*as$ f ! hea!n1 are call$ by way ( di/9ction1 ! s]vants1 7n bondm51 z our translators h x47 7#a47 ,!y foll[$ x z a p]man5t bus9ess4 7#b47 ,_! t]m ( s]vice 0 mu* long] ?an t ( ! o!r class4 7#c47 ,z a class1 !y d\btless greatly outnumb]$ ! ,israeliti% s]vants4 7#d47 ,all ! ,/rang]s t dwelt 9 ! l&1 7 tribut>ies to ! ,israelites--requir$ to pay an annual tribute to ! gov]nm5t1 ei!r 9 money1 or 9 public s]vice1 :i* 0 call$ a tribute ( bond-s]vice2 9 o!r words1 all ! ,/rang]s 7 national s]vants1 to ! ,israelites1 & ! same ,hebrew ^w :i* is us$ to designate individual s]vants1 equally designates national s]vants or tribut>ies4 #b ,sam4 viii4 #b1 #f1 #ad4 #b ,*ron4 viii4 #g-i4 ,deut4 xx4 #aa4 #b ,sam4 x4 #ai4 #a ,k+s ix4 #ba1 #bb4 #a ,k+s iv4 #ba4 ,g54 xxvii4 #bi4 ,! same ^w is appli$ to ! ,israelites1 :5 !y paid tribute to o!r nations4 ,see #b ,k+s xvii4 #c4 ,judges iii4 #h1 #ad4 ,g54 xlix4 #ae4 ,ano!r di/9ction betwe5 ! ,jewi% & ,g5tile b\ght s]vants1 claims notice4 ,x 0 9 ! k9ds ( s]vice assign$ to ea* class4 ,! s]vants f ! ,/rang]s1 7 prop]ly ! dome/ics1 or h\sehold s]vants1 employ$ 9 all family "w1 9 (fices ( p]sonal att5dance1 & 9 su* me*anical labor1 z 0 con/antly requir$ 9 e family1 by increas+ wants1 & ne$$ repairs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,jewi% b\ght s]vants seem to h be5 almo/ exclusively agricultural4 ,besides be+ bett] fitt$ = ?is by previ\s habits--agriculture1 & ! t5d+ ( cattle1 7 reg>d$ by ! ,israelites z ! mo/ honorable ( all occupations2 k+s engag$ 9 !m4 ,aft] ,saul 0 elect$ k+1 & escort$ to ,gibeah1 ! next report ( him is1 ,& behold ,saul came aft] ! h]d out ( ! field4--#a ,sam4 xi4 #g4 ,eli%a 0 pl[+ ) twelve yoke ( ox5 :5 ,elijah ?rew 8 mantle ^u him4 #a ,k+s xix4 #ai4 ,k+ ,uzziah lov$ husb&ry4 #b ,*ron4 xxvi4 #aj4 ,gideon1 ! deliv]] ( ,israel1 0 ?re%+ :eat by ! w9e press :5 call$ to lead ! ho/ aga9/ ! ,midianites4 ,judges vi4 #aa4 ,! sup]ior honorabl5ess ( agriculture1 is %[n by ! fact1 t x 0 protect$ & support$ by ! fundam5tal law ( ! !ocracy--,god ?us indicat+ x z ! *ief prop ( ! gov]nm5t1 & putt+ ^u x peculi> honor4 ,an inh]itance ( l& seems to h fill$ out an ,israelite's idea ( worldly furni%m5t4 ,!y 7 l p]man5t fixtures on _! soil1 s did !y cl+ to x4 ,to be agriculturali/s on _! own inh]itances1 01 9 _! notions1 ! basis ( family consequ5ce1 & ! gr& claim to honorable e/imation4 ,agriculture be+ pre-em95tly a ,jewi% employm5t1 to assign a native ,israelite to o!r employm5ts z a bus9ess1 0 to break up 8 habits1 d viol5ce to *]i%$ pr$ilections1 & put him to a k9d ( labor 9 :i* he _h no skill1 & :i* he deem$ degrad+4 ,9 %ort1 x 01 9 ! e>li] ages ( ! ,mosaic sy/em1 practically to unjew him1 a h>d%ip & rigor griev\s to be borne1 z x annihilat$ a visible di/9ction betwe5 ! desc5dants ( ,abraham & ! ,/rang]s--a di/9ction vital to ! sy/em1 & glori$ 9 by e ,jew4 ,to gu>d ?is & ano!r fundam5tal di/9ction1 ,god in/itut$ ! regulation conta9$ 9 ,leviticus xxv4 #ci1 :i* /&s at ! head ( ?is bran* ( our inquiry1 ,if ?y bro!r t dwelle? by !e be wax5 poor1 & be sold unto !e1 ?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant4 ,9 o!r words1 ?\ %alt n put him to s]vants' "w--to ! bus9ess1 & into ! condition ( dome/ics4 ,9 ! ,p]sian v]sion x is translat$ ?us1 ,?\ %alt n assign to him ! "w ( s]vitude1 7or m5ial labor47 ,9 ! ,septuag9t ?us1 ,he %all n s]ve !e ) ! s]vice ( a dome/ic or h\sehold s]vant4 ,9 ! ,syriac ?us1 ,?\ %alt n employ him aft] ! mann] ( s]vants4 ,9 ! ,sam>itan ?us1 ,?\ %alt n require him to s]ve 9 ! s]vice ( a s]vant4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,onkelos ?us1 ,he %all n s]ve !e ) ! s]vice ( a h\sehold s]vant4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an ?us1 ,?\ %alt n cause him to s]ve accord+ to ! usages ( ! s]vitude ( s]vants,a4 ,9 f9e1 ?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant1 means1 ?\ %alt n assign him to ! same grade1 nor put him to ! same s]vices1 ) p]man5t dome/ics4 ,footnote ,a3 ,j>*i's comm5t on ,?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant is1 ! ,hebrew s]vant is n to be requir$ to d any ?+ :i* is acc\nt$ degrad+--su* z all (fices ( p]sonal att5dance1 z loos+ 8 ma/]'s %oe lat*et1 br++ him wat] to wa% 8 feet & h&s1 wait+ on him at table1 dress+ him1 c>ry+ ?+s to & f ! ba?4 ,! ,hebrew s]vant is to "w ) 8 ma/] z a son or bro!r1 9 ! bus9ess ( 8 f>m1 or o!r labor1 until 8 legal release4 ,we pass to ! rema9d] ( ! regulation 9 ! #dj? v]se3-- ,b z an hir$ s]vant & z a soj\rn] %all he be ) !e4 ,hir$ s]vants 7 n incorporat$ into ! families ( _! ma/]s2 !y /ill reta9$ _! own family organization1 )\t ! surr5d] ( any dome/ic privilege1 honor1 or au?ority2 & ?is1 ev5 ?\gh !y resid$ "u ! same ro( ) _! ma/]4 ,:ile b\ght-s]vants 7 associat$ ) _! ma/]'s families at meals1 at ! ,passov]1 & at o!r family fe/ivals1 hir$ s]vants & soj\rn]s 7 n4 ,exodus xii4 #dd1 #de2 ,lev4 xxii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,n be+ m]g$ 9 ! family ( 8 ma/]1 ! hir$ s]vant 0 n subject to 8 au?ority1 7except 9 directions ab\t 8 labor7 9 any su* s5se z ! ma/]'s wife1 *ildr51 & b\ght s]vants4 ,h5ce ! only =m ( oppress+ hir$ s]vants spok5 ( 9 ! ,scriptures z practicable to ma/]s1 is t ( keep+ back _! wages4 ,to h tak5 away ^! privileges 9 ! case /at$ 9 ! passage "u consid]ation1 w\ld h be5 preem95t rigor2 = ! case describ$1 is n t ( a s]vant born 9 ! h\se ( a ma/]1 nor t ( a m9or1 ^: unexpir$ m9ority _h be5 sold by ! fa!r1 nei!r 0 x ! case ( an ,israelite1 :o ?\gh ( age1 _h n yet acc$$ to 8 inh]itance2 nor1 f9ally1 0 x t ( "o :o _h receiv$ ! assignm5t ( 8 inh]itance1 b 01 z a s]vant1 work+ (f f x an incumbrance1 be=e ent]+ ^u its possession & control,a4 ,b x 0 t ( ! head ( a family1 :o _h liv$ indep5d5tly on 8 own inh]itance1 & long kn[n bett] days1 n[ r$uc$ to pov]ty1 =c$ to rel9qui% ! lov$ inh]itance ( 8 fa!rs1 ) ! compet5ce & respectful consid]ation its possession secur$ to him1 & to be indebt$ to a neighbor = %elt]1 su/5ance1 & employm5t1 bo? = himself & 8 family4 ,surely s sad a rev]se1 might well claim sympa?y2 b !re rema9e? to him "o consolation1 & x *e]s him 9 ! h\se ( 8 pilgrimage4 ,he is an ,israelite--,abraham is 8 fa!r1 & n[ 9 8 calamity he cl+s clos] ?an ev]1 to ! di/9ction conf]r$ by ! immunities ( 8 bir?right4 ,to rob him ( ?is1 7 ! unk9de/ cut ( all4 ,to h assign$ him to a grade ( s]vice fill$ only by ^? ^: p]man5t bus9ess 0 s]v+1 w\ld h be5 to rule ov] him ) peculi> rigor4 ,footnote ,a3 ,^! two latt] classes are evid5tly ref]r$ to 9 ,exod4 xxi4 #a-f1 & ,deut4 xv4 #ab ,f9ally1 ! =m] "p ( ! regulation1 ,?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant1 or m lit]ally1 ?\ %all n s]ve ?yself ) him1 ) ! s]vice ( a s]vant1 gu>anties 8 political privileges1 & secures to him a k9d & grade ( s]vice1 comport+ ) 8 "* & relations z a son ( ,israel4 ,& ! rema9d] ( ! v]se1 ,b z a hir$ s]vant1 & z a soj\rn] %all he be ) !e1 cont9ues & secures to him 8 sep>ate family organization1 ! respect & au?ority due to 8 head1 & ! g5]al consid]ation 9 society result+ f su* a /ation4 ,?\gh ?is individual 0 a ,jewi% b\ght s]vant1 ! case is peculi>1 & =ms an exception to ! g5]al class ( ,jewi% b\ght s]vants4 ,be+ already 9 possession ( 8 inh]itance1 & ! head ( a h\sehold1 ! law s arrang$ 8 relations1 z a s]vant1 z to alleviate z mu* z possible ! calamity :i* _h r$uc$ him f indep5d5ce & au?ority1 to p5ury & subjection4 ,hav+ gone s mu* into detail on ?is po9t1 comm5t on ! comm& :i* concludes ?is topic 9 ! =ty-?ird v]se1 w\ld be sup]flu\s4 ,?\ %alt n rule ov] him ) rigor1 b %alt fe> ?y ,god4 ,z if x _h be5 said1 ,9 y\r adm9i/ration y %all n disreg>d ^? diff]5ces 9 previ\s habits1 /ation1 au?ority1 & national & political privileges1 ^u :i* ?is regulation is bas$2 = to ex]cise au?ority ov] ?is class ( s]vants1 irrespective ( ^! di/9ctions1 & annihilat+ !m1 is torule ) rigor4 ,! same comm& is repeat$ 9 ! =ty-six? v]se1 & appli$ to ! di/9ction betwe5 ! s]vants ( ,jewi%1 & ^? ( ,g5tile extraction1 & =bids ! ov]look+ ( di/9ctive ,jewi% peculi>ities1 s vital to an ,israelite z to make ! violation ( !m1 rigor\s 9 ! extreme2 :ile to ! s]vants f ! ,/rang]s1 ^: previ\s habits & associations diff]$ s widely f ^? ( ! ,israelite1 ^! same ?+s w\ld be deem$ slight disabilities4 ,x may be rem>k$ "h1 t ! political & o!r disabilities ( ! ,/rang]s1 :i* 7 ! di/9ctions gr[+ out ( a diff]5t national desc5t1 & important to ! pres]vation ( national *>act]i/ics1 & to ! purity ( national wor%ip1 d n seem to h effect$ at all ! social e/imation1 9 :i* ?is class ( s]vants 0 held4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ accord+ to _! "* & wor? z p]sons1 irrespective ( _! =eign orig91 employm5ts1 & political condition4 ,! common con/ruction put ^u ! expression1 rule ) rigor1 & an inf]5ce drawn f x1 h an air s oracul>1 z q to ov]*>ge risibles ( ord9>y calibre1 if su* an effect 7 n =e/all$ by its impiety4 ,x is int]pret$ to mean1 y %all n make him an article ( prop]ty1 y %all n =ce him to "w1 & rob him ( 8 e>n+s1 y %all n make him a *attel1 & /rip him ( legal protection4 ,s mu* = ! int]pretation4 ,! inf]5ce is l unto x1 viz4 ,s9ce ! comm& =bade su* outrages ^u ! ,israelites1 x p]mitt$ & commission$ ! infliction ( !m ^u ! ,/rang]s4 ,su* impi\s & %all[ smatt]+1 captivates two classes ( m9ds1 ! "o by its flippancy1 ! o!r by its blasphemy1 & bo?1 by ! /rong sc5t ( its unbridl$ lic5se4 ,:at boots x to reason aga9/ su* rampant aff9ities6 ,9 ,exodus1 *ap4 i4 #ac1 #ad1 x is said t ! ,egyptians made ! *ildr5 ( ,israel to s]ve ) rigor1 & all _! s]vice :]e9 !y made !m s]ve1 0 ) rigor4 ,! rigor "h spok5 (1 is affirm$ ( ! am\nt ( labor extort$ f !m1 & ! mode ( ! exaction4 ,?is =m ( expression1 s]ve ) rigor1 is nev] appli$ to ! s]vice ( s]vants ei!r "u ! ,patri>*al1 or ! ,mosaic sy/ems4 ,nor is any o!r =m ( expression ev] us$1 ei!r equival5t to x1 or at all simil>4 ,! phrase1 ?\ %alt n ,,rule ov] him ) rigor1 us$ 9 ,leviticus xxv4 #dc1 #df1 does n prohibit unreasonable exactions ( labor1 nor inflictions ( p]sonal cruelty4 ,su* 7 provid$ aga9/ o!rwise4 ,b x =bids1 conf\nd+ ! di/9ctions betwe5 a ,jew & a ,/rang]1 by assign+ ! =m] to ! same grade ( s]vice1 = ! same t]m ( "t1 & "u ! same national & political disabilities z ! latt]4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to survey at a glance1 ! g5]al condition ( ! diff]5t classes ( s]vants1 ) ! modifications peculi> to ea* class4 ,i4 ,9 ! possession ( all fundam5tal rights1 all classes ( s]vants 7 on an absolute equality1 all 7 equally protect$ by law 9 _! p]sons1 "*1 prop]ty & social relations4 ,all 7 volunt>y1 all 7 comp5sat$ = _! labor4 ,all 7 releas$ f _! regul> labor ne>ly "o half ( ! days 9 ea* ye>1 all 7 furni%$ ) /at$ in/ruction2 none 9 ei!r class 7 9 any s5se articles ( prop]ty1 all 7 reg>d$ z m51 ) ! rights1 int]e/s1 hopes1 & de/9ies ( m54 ,9 ^! respects ! circum/ances ( all classes ( s]vants among ! ,israelites1 7 n only simil> b id5tical1 & s f> =?1 !y =m$ b ,,"o ,,class4 ,,ii4 ,,diff]5t ,,classes ,,( ,,s]vants4 #a4 ,hir$ ,s]vants4--,?is class consi/$ bo? ( ,israelites & ,/rang]s4 ,_! employm5ts 7 diff]5t4 ,! ,israelite1 0 an agricultural s]vant4 ,! ,/rang] 0 a dome/ic & p]sonal s]vant1 & 9 "s in/ances me*anical2 bo? 7 occasional1 procur$ temporally to s]ve an em]g5cy4 ,bo? liv$ 9 _! own families1 _! wages 7 money1 & !y 7 paid :5 _! "w 0 done4 ,z a class ( s]vants1 ! hir$ 7 less lov$1 tru/$1 honor$ & promot$ ?an any o!r4 #b4 ,b\ght ,s]vants1 7includ+ ^? born 9 ! h\se47--,?is class also1 0 compos$ bo? ( ,israelites & ,/rang]s1 ! same g5]al diff]5ce obta9+ 9 _! k9ds ( employm5t z 0 notic$ be=e4 ,bo? 7 paid 9 advance,a1 & nei!r 0 tempor>y4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! paym5t 9 advance1 d\btless less5$ consid]ably ! price ( ! pur*ase2 ! s]vant ?us hav+ ! use ( ! money f ! beg9n+1 & ! ma/] assum+ all ! risks ( life1 & heal? = labor2 at ! expiration ( ! six ye>s' contract1 ! ma/] hav+ exp]i5c$ no loss f ! risk incurr$ at ! mak+ ( x1 0 oblig$ by law to release ! s]vant ) a lib]al gratuity4 ,! reason assign$ = ?is is1 he ha? be5 wor? a d\ble hir$ s]vant unto !e 9 s]v+ !e six ye>s1 z if x _h be5 said1 he has n[ s]v$ out 8 "t1 & z y h exp]i5c$ no loss f ! risks ( life1 & ability to labor :i* y incurr$ 9 ! pur*ase1 & :i* less5$ ! price1 & z1 by be+ y\r p]man5t s]vant = six ye>s1 he has sav$ y all ! "t & tr\ble ( look+ up & hir+ labor]s on em]g5cies1 !re=e1 ?\ %alt furni% him lib]ally1 c4 ,! ,israeliti% s]vant1 9 mo/ in/ances1 0 releas$ aft] six ye>s4 7,! freehold] cont9u$ until ! jubilee47 ,! ,/rang]1 0 a p]man5t s]vant1 cont9u+ until ! jubilee4 ,besides ^! di/9ctions betwe5 ,jewi% & ,g5tile b\ght s]vants1 a m>k$ di/9ction obta9$ betwe5 diff]5t classes ( ,jewi% b\ght s]vants4 ,ord9>ily1 dur+ _! t]m ( s]vice1 !y 7 m]g$ 9 _! ma/]'s family1 &1 l ! wife & *ildr5 ( ! ma/]1 subject to 8 au?ority2 7& ( c\rse1 l !m1 protect$ by law f its abuse47 ,b "o class ( ! ,jewi% b\ght s]vants 0 a m>k$ exception4 ,! freehold]1 oblig$ by pov]ty to leave 8 possession1 & sell himself z a s]vant1 did n !reby affect 8 family relations1 or au?ority1 nor subject himself z an inf]ior to ! control ( 8 ma/]1 ?\gh dep5d5t ^u him = employm5t4 ,9 ?is respect1 8 condition diff]$ f t ( ! ma9 body ( ,jewi% b\ght s]vants1 :i* seems to h consi/$ ( ^?1 :o _h n yet come into possession ( _! inh]itance1 or ( ^? :o 7 dislodg+ f x an incumbrance4 ,hav+ dwelt s mu* at l5g? on ?is "p ( ! subject1 ! read]'s pati5ce may well be sp>$ fur!r details4 ,we close x ) a sugge/ion or two1 :i* may s]ve z a solv5t ( "s m9or difficulties1 if su* rema94 ,i4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 m9d1 t bo? classes ( s]vants1 ! ,israelite & ! ,/rang]1 n only enjoy$ equal natural & religi\s rights1 b all ! civil & political privileges enjoy$ by ^? ( _! own p1 :o 7 n s]vants4 ,if ,israelites1 all rights belong+ to ,israelites 7 !irs4 ,if f ! ,/rang]s1 ! same political privileges enjoy$ by ^? weal?y ,/rang]s1 :o b\ght & held ,israeliti% s]vants1 7 !irs4 ,!y also %>$ 9 common ) !m1 ! political disabilities :i* app]ta9$ to all ,/rang]s1 :e!r ! s]vants ( ,jewi% ma/]s1 or ! ma/]s ( ,jewi% s]vants4 ,,ii4 ,! disabilities ( ! s]vants f ! ,/rang]s1 7 exclusively political & national4 #a4 ,!y1 9 common ) all ,/rang]s1 c\ld n own ! soil4 #b4 ,!y 7 ineligible to civil (fices4 #c4 ,!y 7 assign$ to employm5ts less honorable ?an ^? 9 :i* ,israeliti% s]vants engag$2 agriculture be+ reg>d$ z fundam5tal to ! prosp]ity & ev5 to ! exi/5ce ( ! /ate1 o!r employm5ts 7 9 f> less repute1 & deem$ unjewi%4 ,f9ally1 ! condition ( ! ,/rang]s1 :e!r s]vants or ma/]s1 01 z x respect$ political privileges1 mu* l t ( unnaturaliz$ =eign]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 no matt] h[ great _! weal? or intellig5ce1 or moral pr9ciple1 or love = our in/itutions1 !y c nei!r g to ! ballot-box1 nor own ! soil1 nor be eligible to (fice4 ,let a native ,am]ican1 :o has always enjoy$ ^! privileges1 be sudd5ly b]eft ( !m1 & load$ ) ! disabilities ( an ali51 & :at to ! =eign] w\ld be a light matt]1 to him1 w\ld be ! sev]ity ( rigor4 ,! rec5t condition ( ! ,jews & ,ca?olics 9 ,engl&1 is a /ill bett] illu/ration ( ! political condition ( ! ,/rang]s 9 ,israel4 ,ro?s*ild1 ! late ,engli% bank]1 ?\gh ! ri*e/ private citiz5 9 ! _w1 & p]haps ma/] ( scores ( ,engli% s]vants1 :o su$ = ! smalle/ crumbs ( 8 favor1 01 z a subject ( ! gov]nm5t1 inf]ior to ! v]ie/ scav5g] among !m4 ,suppose an ,engli%man1 ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 7 by law depriv$ ( p[] to own ! soil1 made ineligible to (fice1 & depriv$ unconditionally ( ! electoral fran*ise1 w\ld ,engli%m5 ?9k x a misapplication ( language1 if x 7 said1 ,! gov]nm5t rules ov] t man ) rigor8 ,& yet 8 life1 limbs1 prop]ty1 reputation1 consci5ce1 all 8 social relations1 ! disposal ( 8 "t1 ! "r ( locomotion at pleasure1 & ( natural lib]ty 9 all respects1 are j z mu* protect$ by law z ! ,"l ,*ancellor's4 ,! same 0 true ( all ! /rang]s )9 ! gates among ! ,israelites3 ,:e!r ^! ,/rang]s 7 ! s]vants ( ,israeliti% ma/]s1 or ! ma/]s ( ,israeliti% s]vants1 :e!r soj\rn]s1 or b\ght s]vants1 or born 9 ! h\se1 or hir$1 or nei!r--all 7 protect$ equally ) ! desc5dants ( ,abraham4 ,f9ally--,z ! ,mosaic sy/em 0 a great comp\nd type1 made up ( innum]able fractional ones1 ea* rife ) mean+ 9 doctr9e & duty2 ! practical p[] ( ! :ole1 dep5d$ ^u ! exact obs]vance ( ^? di/9ctions & relations :i* con/itut$ its significancy4 ,h5ce1 ! c>e ev]y:]e %[n to pres]ve inviolate ! di/9ction betwe5 a desc5dant ( ,abraham & a ,/rang]1 ev5 :5 ! ,/rang] 0 a proselyte1 _h gone ?r\gh ! initiatory ord9ances1 ent]$ ! congregation1 & become incorporat$ ) ! ,israelites by family alliance4 ,! regulation laid d[n 9 ,exodus xxi4 #b-f1 is an illu/ration1 ,if ?\ buy an ,hebrew s]vant1 six ye>s %all he s]ve3 & 9 ! sev5? he %all g out free = no?+4 ,if he came 9 by himself1 he %all g out by himself3 if he 7 m>ri$1 !n1 8 wife %all g out ) him4 ,if 8 ma/] h giv5 him a wife1 & %e h borne him sons or daught]s2 ! wife & h] *ildr5 %all be h] ma/]'s1 & he %all g out by himself4 ,& if ! s]vant %\ld pla9ly say1 ,i love my ma/]1 my wife1 & my *ildr51 ,i w n g out free3 !n 8 ma/] %all br+ him unto ! judges2 he %all also br+ him to ! door1 or unto ! door-po/2 & 8 ma/] %all bore 8 e> ?r\gh ) an awl1 & he %all s]ve him =ev]4 ,9 ?is case1 ! ,israeliti% s]vant1 ^: t]m expir$ 9 six ye>s1 m>ri$ "o ( 8 ma/]'s p]man5t female dome/ics2 b ! fact ( h] m>riage1 did n release h] ma/] f 8 "p ( ! contract = h] :ole t]m ( s]vice1 nor absolve him f 8 legal obligation to support & educate h] *ildr54 ,nor c\ld x d away t di/9ction1 :i* m>k$ h] national desc5t by a specific grade & t]m ( s]vice4 ,h] m>riage did n impair h] obligation to fulfil h] "p ( ! contract4 ,h] relations z a p]man5t dome/ic grew out ( a di/9ction gu>d$ ) great c>e ?r\gh\t ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,to p]mit ?is to be r5d]$ void1 w\ld h be5 to divide ! sy/em aga9/ itself4 ,?is ,god w\ld n tol]ate4 ,nor1 on ! o!r h&1 w\ld he p]mit ! ma/]1 to ?r[ (f ! responsibility ( in/ruct+ h] *ildr51 nor ! c>e & exp5se ( _! helpless infancy & re>+4 ,he 0 b\nd to support & educate !m1 & all h] *ildr5 born aft]w>ds dur+ h] t]m ( s]vice4 ,! :ole arrangem5t beautifully illu/rates t wise & t5d] reg>d = ! int]e/s ( all ! p>ties conc]n$1 :i* arrays ! ,mosaic sy/em 9 robes ( glory1 & causes x to %9e z ! sun 9 ! k+dom ( our ,fa!r4 ,by ?is law1 ! *ildr5 _h secur$ to !m a "m's t5d] c>e4 ,if ! husb& lov$ 8 wife & *ildr51 he c\ld compel 8 ma/] to keep him1 :e!r he _h any occasion = 8 s]vices or n1 & ) su* remun]ation z 0 provid$ by ! /atute4 ,if he did n love !m1 to be rid ( him 0 a bless+2 & 9 t case1 ! regulation w\ld prove an act = ! relief ( an afflict$ family4 ,x is n by any means to be inf]r$1 t ! release ( ! s]vant f 8 s]vice 9 ! sev5? ye>1 ei!r absolv$ him f ! obligations ( m>riage1 or %ut him out f ! society ( 8 family4 ,he c\ld d\btless procure a s]vice at no great di/ance f !m1 & might (t5 d x1 to get high] wages1 or a k9d ( employm5t bett] suit$ to 8 ta/e & skill1 or because 8 ma/] might n h suffici5t "w to occupy him4 ,:e!r he liv$ ne> 8 family1 or at a consid]able di/ance1 ! great numb] ( days on :i* ! law releas$ s]vants f regul> labor1 w\ld enable him to sp5d mu* m "t ) !m ?an c be sp5t by mo/ ( ! ag5ts ( our b5evol5t societies ) _! families1 or by _m m]*ants1 editors1 arti/s1 c41 ^: daily bus9ess is 9 ,new ,york1 :ile _! families reside f t5 to "o hundr$ miles 9 ! c\ntry4 ,we conclude ?is ,inquiry by t\*+ briefly ^u an objection1 :i*1 ?\gh n =mally /at$1 has be5 already set aside by ! :ole t5or ( ! =ego+ argum5t4 ,x is ?is1-- ,! slav]y ( ! ,canaanites by ! ,israelites1 0 appo9t$ by ,god z a commutation ( ! puni%m5t ( dea? d5\nc$ aga9/ !m = _! s9s4--,if ! absurdity ( a s5t5ce consign+ p]sons to dea?1 & at ! same "t to p]petual slav]y1 did n suffici5tly laugh 9 its own face1 x w\ld be small self-d5ial1 9 a case s tempt+1 to make up ! defici5cy by a g5]al contribution4 ,=1 be x rememb]$1 ! ,mosaic law 0 giv51 :ile ,israel 0 9 ! wild]ness1 & only "o /atute 0 ev] giv5 respect+ ! disposition to be made ( ! inhabitants ( ! l&4 ,if ! s5t5ce ( dea? 0 fir/ pron\nc$ aga9/ !m1 & aft]w>ds commut$1 :58 :]e8 by :om8 & 9 :at t]ms 0 ! commutation8 ,& :]e is x record$8 ,grant1 = argum5t's sake1 t all ! ,canaanites 7 s5t5c$ to unconditional ext]m9ation2 z !re 0 no rev]sal ( ! s5t5ce1 h[ c a "r to enslave !m1 be drawn f su* premises8 ,! puni%m5t ( dea? is "o ( ! highe/ recognitions ( man's moral nature possible4 ,x proclaims him man--intellig5t acc\ntable1 guilty man1 des]v+ dea? = hav+ done 8 utmo/ to *eap5 human life1 & make x wor?less1 :5 ! pro( ( its priceless value1 lives 9 8 own nature4 ,b to make him a slave1 *eap5s to no?+ univ]sal human nature1 & in/ead ( heal+ a w\nd1 gives a dea? /ab4 ,:at6 repair an injury done to rational be+ 9 ! robb]y ( "o ( its rights1 n m]ely by robb+ x ( all1 b by annihilat+ ! v f\ndation ( !m--t ev]la/+ di/9ction betwe5 m5 & ?+s8 ,to make a man a *attel1 is n ! puni%m5t1 b ! annihilation ( a human be+1 &1 s f> z x goes1 ( all human be+s4 ,?is commutation ( ! puni%m5t ( dea?1 into p]petual slav]y1 :at a =tunate discov]y6 ,alas6 = ! honor ( ,deity1 if comm5tators _h n mann$ ! =lorn hope1 & ru%$ to ! rescue ( ! ,div9e "* at ! v crisis ( its fate1 &1 by a timely movem5t1 cov]$ its retreat f ! p]il\s position 9 :i* inspiration _h c>elessly left x6 ,"h a "q arises ( suffici5t importance = a sep>ate diss]tation2 b mu/ = ! pres5t be dispos$ ( 9 a few p>agraphs4 ,,7 ,,! ,,canaanites ,,s5t5c$ ,,by ,,god ,,to ,,individual ,,& ,,unconditional ,,ext]m9ation8 ,t ! views g5]ally preval5t on ?is subject1 are wrong1 we h no d\bt2 b z ! limits ( ?is ,inquiry =bid our go+ into ! m]its ( ! "q1 s z to give all ! gr\nds ( diss5t f ! commonly receiv$ op9ions1 ! sugge/ions made1 w be ?r[n out m]ely z ,,qu]ies1 & n z a =mal lay+ d[n ( doctr9es4 ,! lead+ directions z to ! disposal ( ! ,canaanites1 are ma9ly 9 ! foll[+ passages1 ,exod4 xxiii4 #bc-cc1 & #cc-ea1 & #cd1 #aa--;,deut4 vii4 #af-be1 & ix4 #c1 & xxxi4 #c1 #a1 #b4 ,9 ^! v]ses1 ! ,israelites are comm&$ to de/roy ! ,canaanites--to drive out1--consume1--utt]ly ov]?r[1--put out1--dispossess !m1 c4 ,que/4 ,did ^! comm&s enjo9 ! unconditional & univ]sal de/ruction ( ! individuals1 or m]ely ( ! body politic8 ,ans4 ,! ,hebrew ^w ,h>am1 to de/roy1 signifies national1 z well z individual de/ruction2 political exi/5ce1 equally ) p]sonal2 ! de/ruction ( gov]nm5tal organization1 equally ) ! lives ( ! subjects4 ,besides1 if we int]pret ! words de/roy1 consume1 ov]?r[1 c41 to mean p]sonal de/ruction1 :at mean+ %all we give to ! expressions1 drive out be=e !e2 ca/ out be=e !e2 expel1 put out1 dispossess1 c41 :i* are us$ 9 ! same passages8 ,= a clue to ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w de/roy is us$1 see ,exodus xxiii4 #bg4 ,i w de/roy all ! p to :om ?\ %alt come1 & ,i w make all ?9e enemies turn _! backs unto !e4 ,"h all _! enemies 7 to turn _! backs1 & all ! p to be de/roy$4 ,does ?is mean t ,god w\ld let all _! enemies escape1 b kill all _! fri5ds1 or t he w\ld fir/ kill all ! p & ,,!n make !m turn _! backs 9 flight1 an army ( runaway corpses8 ,! ^w r5d]$ backs1 is 9 ! orig9al1 necks1 & ! passage may mean1 ,i w make all y\r enemies turn _! necks unto y2 t is1 be subject to y z tribut>ies1 become d5ationaliz$1 _! civil polity1 /ate organization1 political exi/5ce1 de/roy$--_! idolatr\s temples1 alt>s1 images1 groves1 & all hea!n rites de/roy$2 9 a ^w1 _! :ole sy/em1 national1 political1 civil1 & religi\s1 subv]t$1 & ! :ole p put "u tribute4 ,aga92 if ^! comm&s requir$ ! unconditional de/ruction ( all ! individuals ( ! ,canaanites1 ! ,mosaic law 0 at w> ) itself1 = ! directions relative to ! treatm5t ( native resid5ts & soj\rn]s1 =m a l>ge "p ( x4 ,! /rang] t dwelle? ) y %all be unto y z "o born among y1 & ?\ %alt love him z ?yself4 ,if ?y bro!r be wax5 poor1 ?\ %alt relieve him1 yea1 ?\gh he be a /rang] or a soj\rn]1 t he may live ) !e4 ,?\ %alt n oppress a /rang]4 ,?\ %alt n vex a /rang]4 ,judge righte\sly betwe5 e1 man & 8 bro!r1 & ! /rang] t is ) him4 ,ye %all n respect p]sons 9 judgem5t4 ,ye %all h "o mann] ( law z well = ! /rang]1 z = him ( y\r own c\ntry4 ,we f9d1 also1 t provision 0 made = !m 9 ! cities ( refuge4 ,num4 xxxv4 #ae--! glean+s ( ! h>ve/ & v9tage 7 assign$ to !m1 ,lev4 xix4 #i1 #aj1 & xxiii4 #bb1 & #be1 #f2--! bless+s ( ! ,sabba?1 !irs1 ,ex4 xx4 #aj2--! privilege ( (f]+ sacrifices secur$1 ,lev4 #bb4 #ah2 & /at$ religi\s in/ruction provid$ = !m4 ,deut4 xxxi4 #i1 #ab4 ,n[1 does ?is same law au?orize & appo9t ! individual ext]m9ation ( ^? v p]sons1 ^: lives & g5]al int]e/s x s solicit\sly protects8 ,^! laws 7 giv5 to ! ,israelites1 long be=e !y ent]$ ,canaan2 & !y mu/ ( necessity h inf]r$ f !m1 t a multitude ( ! inhabitants ( ! l& w\ld cont9ue 9 x1 "u _! gov]nm5t4 #c4 ,we argue t ^! comm&s did n require ! ,,individual de/ruction ( ! ,canaanites unconditionally1 f ! fact t ! mo/ pi\s ,israelites nev] seem to h s reg>d$ !m4 ,jo%ua 0 select$ z ! lead] ( ,israel to execute ,god's ?reat5+s ^u ,canaan4 ,he _h no discretion>y p[]4 ,god's comm&s 7 8 (ficial in/ructions4 ,go+ beyond !m w\ld h be5 usurpation2 refus+ to c>ry !m out1 rebellion & treason4 ,= n obey+1 9 e p>ticul>1 & 9 a s+le in/ance1 ,god's comm& respect+ ! ,amalekites1 ,saul 0 reject$ f be+ k+4 ,n[1 if ,god comm&$ ! individual de/ruction ( all ! ,canaaniti% nations1 ,jo%ua disobey$ him 9 e in/ance4 ,= at 8 dea?1 ! ,israelites /ill dwelt among !m1 & ea* nation is m5tion$ by "n4 ,see ,judges i4 #e1 & yet we are told t ,jo%ua 0 full ( ! _s ( ! ,"l & ( ,,wisdom1 ,deut4 xxxiv4 #i4 7( c\rse1 he c\ld n h be5 ignorant ( ! mean+ ( ^? comm&s17--t ! ,"l 0 ) him1 ,jo%4 vi4 #bg2 & t he left no?+ undone ( all t ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses2 & fur!r1 t he took all t l&4 ,jo%ua xi1 #ae-bc4 ,also1 t ! ,"l gave unto ,israel all ! l& :i* he swore to give unto _! fa!rs1 & !y possess$ x & dwelt !re91 & !re /ood n a man ( all _! enemies be=e !m4 ,! ,"l deliv]$ all _! enemies into _! h&1 c4 ,h[ c ?is te/imony be reconcil$ ) itself1 if we suppose t ! comm& to de/roy enjo9$ individual ext]m9ation1 & ! comm& to drive out1 enjo9$ ! unconditional expulsion ( individuals f ! c\ntry1 r ?an _! expulsion f ! possession or own]%ip ( x1 z ! lords ( ! soil8 ,x is true1 multitudes ( ! ,canaanites 7 sla91 b 9 e case x 0 9 consequ5ce ( _! refus+ to surr5d] _! l& to ! possession ( ! ,israelites4 ,n a solit>y case c be f\nd 9 :i* a ,canaanite 0 ei!r kill$ or driv5 out ( ! c\ntry1 :o acquiesc$ 9 ! transf] ( ! t]ritory ( ,canaan1 & its sov]eignty1 f ! inhabitants ( ! l& to ! ,israelites4 ,witness ! case ( ,rahab & all h] k9dr$1 & ! inhabitants ( ,gibeon1 ,*ephirah1 ,be]o?1 & ,kirja?je>im,a4 ,! ,canaanites knew ( ! miracles 9 ,egypt1 at ! ,r$ ,sea1 9 ! wild]ness1 & at ! passage ( ,jordan4 ,!y knew t _! l& _h be5 transf]r$ to ! ,israelites1 z a judgm5t ^u !m = _! s9s4--,see ,jo%ua ii4 #i-aa1 & ix4 #i1 #aj1 #bd4 ,_m ( !m 7 aw$ by ^! wond]s1 & made no resi/ance to ! confiscation ( _! t]ritory4 ,o!rs fi]cely resi/$1 defi$ ! ,god ( ! armies ( ,israel1 & came out to battle4 ,^! occupi$ ! =tifi$ cities1 7 ! mo/ invet]ate hea!n--! ari/ocracy ( idolatry1 ! k+s1 ! nobility & g5try1 ! prie/s1 ) _! cr[ds ( satellites1 & reta9]s t aid$ 9 ! p]=mance ( idolatr\s rites1 ! milit>y =ces1 ) ! *ief pr(ligates & lu/-p&]s ( bo? sexes4 ,e ,bible /ud5t w recall _m facts corroborat+ ?is supposition4 ,su* z ! multitudes ( tribut>ies 9 ! mid/ ( ,israel1 & t too1 :5 ! ,israelites _h wax$ /rong1 & ! utt]mo/ nations quak$ at ! t]ror ( _! "n4 ,! l>ge numb]s ( ! ,canaanites1 z well z ! ,phili/9es & o!rs1 :o became proselytes1 & jo9$ !mselves to ! ,hebrews--z ! ,ne!nims1 ,uriah ! ,hittite1 "o ( ,david's memorable ?irty sev5--,rahab1 :o m>ri$ "o ( ! pr9ces ( ,judah--,ittai--,! six hundr$ ,gitites--,david's bodygu>d1 fai?ful among ! fai?less4--#b ,sam4 xv4 #ah1 #ba4 ,ob$$om ! ,gittite1 :o 0 adopt$ into ! tribe ( ,levi4--,comp>e #b ,sam4 vi4 #aj1 #aa1 ) #a ,*ron4 xv4 #ah1 & #a ,*ron xxvi4 #de4 ,! cases ( ,jaziz1 & ,obil1--#a ,*ron4 xxvi4 #cj1 #ca1 #cc4 ,jephunneh1 ! fa!r ( ,caleb--! ,k5ite1 regi/]$ 9 ! g5ealogies ( ! tribe ( ,judah1 & ! "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& ,canaanites1 employ$ by ,solomon 9 ! build+ ( ! ,temple,b4 ,add to ^!1 ! fact t ! mo/ memorable miracle on record1 0 wr\ght = ! salvation ( a portion ( ^? v ,canaanites1 & = ! de/ruction ( ^? :o w\ld ext]m9ate !m4--,jo%ua x4 #ab-ad4 ,fur!r--! t]ms us$ 9 ! directions ( ,god to ! ,israelites1 regulat+ _! disposal ( ! ,canaanites1 su* z1 drive out1 put out1 ca/ out1 expel1 dispossess1 c4 seem us$ int]*angeably ) consume1 de/roy1 ov]?r[1 c41 & ?us indicate ! s5se 9 :i* ! latt] words are us$4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! mean+ g5]ally atta*$ to ^! & simil> t]ms1 :5 appli$ to ! ,canaanites 9 ,scripture1 we ref] ! read] to ! hi/ory ( ! ,amalekites4 ,9 ,ex4 xxvii4 #ad1 ,god says1 ,i w utt]ly put out ! remembrance ( ,amalek f "u heav51--,9 ,deut4 xxv4 #ai1 ,?\ %alt blot out ! remembrance ( ,amalek f "u heav52 ?\ %alt n =get x4--,9 #a ,sam4 xv4 #b1 #c4 ,smite ,amalek & utt]ly de/roy all t !y h1 & sp>e !m n1 b slay bo? man & woman1 infant & suckl+1 ox & %eep4 ,9 ! sev5? & eigh? v]ses ( ! same *apt]1 we are told1 ,saul smote ! ,amalekites1 & took ,agag ! k+ ( ! ,amalekites1 alive1 & ,,utt]ly ,,de/roy$ ,,all ,,! ,,p ) ! edge ( ! sword4 ,9 v]se #bj1 ,saul says1 ,i h obey$ ! voice ( ! ,"l1 & h br\ght ,agag1 ! k+ ( ,amalek1 & h utt]ly de/roy$ ! ,amalekites4 ,footnote ,a3 ,p]haps x w be object$1 t ! pres]vation ( ! ,gibeonites1 & ( ,rahab & h] k9dr$1 0 a violation ( ! comm& ( ,god4 ,we answ]1 if x _h be51 we might expect "s su* intimation4 ,if ,god _h /raitly comm&$ !m to ext]m9ate all ! ,canaanites1 _! pl$ge to save !m alive1 0 nei!r a repeal ( ! /atute1 nor absolution = ! brea* ( x4 ,if unconditional de/ruction 0 ! import ( ! comm&1 w\ld ,god h p]mitt$ su* an act to pass )\t sev]e rebuke8 ,w\ld he h e/abli%$ su* a prec$5t :5 ,israel _h h>dly pass$ ! ?re%hold ( ,canaan1 & 0 !n /rik+ ! fir/ bl[ ( a half c5tury w>8 ,:at if !y _h pass$ _! ^w to ,rahab & ! ,gibeonites8 ,0 t m b9d+ ^u !m ?an ,god's comm&8 ,s ,saul seems to h pass$ 8 ^w to ,agag2 yet ,samuel hew$ him 9 pieces1 because 9 sav+ 8 life1 ,saul _h violat$ ,god's comm&4 ,?is same ,saul appe>s to h put ! same con/ruction on ! comm& to de/roy ! inhabitants ( ,canaan1 t is g5]ally put ^u x n[4 ,we are told t he s\ght to slay ! ,gibeonites 9 8 zeal = ! *ildr5 ( ,israel & ,judah4 ,god s5t ^u ,israel a ?ree ye>s' fam9e = x4 ,9 assign+ ! reason1 he says1 ,x is = ,saul & 8 bloody h\se1 because he slew ! ,gibeonites4 ,:5 ,david inquir$ ( !m :at atonem5t he %\ld make1 !y say1 ,! man t consum$ u1 & t devis$ aga9/ u1 t we %\ld ! de/roy$ f rema9+ 9 any ( ! coa/s ( ,israel let sev5 ( 8 sons be deliv]$1 c4 #b ,samuel xxii4 #a-f4 ,footnote ,b3 ,if ! ,canaanites 7 devot$ by ,god to individual & unconditional ext]m9ation1 to h employ$ !m 9 ! erection ( ! temple1--:at 0 x b ! climax ( impiety8 ,z well might !y pollute its alt>s ) sw9e's fle%1 or make _! sons pass ?r\gh ! fire to ,molo*4 ,9 #a ,sam4 #cj? *apt]1 we f9d ! ,amalekites at w> aga91 m>*+ an army into ,israel1 & sweep+ e ?+ be=e !m--& all ?is 9 h>dly m ?an tw5ty ye>s aft] !y _h all be5 ,,utt]ly ,,de/roy$6 ,deut4 xx4 #af1 #ag1 w probably be quot$ aga9/ ! prec$+ view4 ,b ( ! cities ( ^! p :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god do? give !e = an inh]itance1 ?\ %alt save alive no?+ t brea!?3 b ?\ %alt utt]ly de/roy !m2 namely1 ! ,hittites1 & ! ,amorites1 ! ,canaanites1 & ! ,p]rizites1 ! ,hivites1 & ! ,jebusites1 z ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? comm&$ !e4 ,we argue t ?is comm& to ext]m9ate1 did n include all ! individuals ( ! ,canaaniti% nations1 b only ! inhabitants ( ! cities1 7& ev5 ^? conditionally17 = ! foll[+ reasons4 ,i4 ,only ! inhabitants ( cities are specifi$1--( ! cities ( ^! p ?\ %alt save alive no?+ t brea!?4 ,! reasons = ?is wise discrim9ation 71 no d\bt1 7#a47 ,cities !n1 z n[1 7 pe/-h\ses ( vice--!y reek$ ) abom9ations little practic$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 _! influ5ce w\ld be f> m p]il\s to ! ,israelites ?an t ( ! c\ntry4 7#b47 ,^! cities 7 ! c5tres ( idolatry--! resid5ces ( ! prie/s1 ) _! ret9ues ( ! bas] sort4 ,!re 7 _! temples & alt>s1 & idols1 )\t numb]4 ,ev5 _! build+s1 /reets1 & public walks 7 s _m visibilities ( idolatry4 ,! reason assign$ 9 ! #ah? v]se = ext]m9at+ !m1 /r5g!ns ! idea1--t !y tea* y n to d aft] all ! abom9ations :i* !y h done unto _! gods4 ,?is w\ld be a reason = ext]m9at+ all ! nations & individuals ar\nd !m1 z all 7 idolat]s2 b ,god p]mitt$1 & ev5 comm&$ !m1 9 c]ta9 cases1 to sp>e ! inhabitants4 ,contact ) any ( !m w\ld be p]il\s--) ! inhabitants ( ! cities peculi>ly1 & ( ! ,canaaniti% cities preem95tly s4 ,x w be se5 f ! #aj? & #aa? v]ses1 t ^? cities :i* accept$ ! (f] ( peace 7 to be sp>$4 ,:5 ?\ come/ nigh unto a city to fight aga9/ x1 !n proclaim peace unto x4 ,& x %all be1 if x make !e answ] ( peace & op5 unto !e1 !n x %all be1 t all ! p t is f\nd !re9 %all be ,,tribut>ies unto !e1 & !y %all ,,s]ve !e4--,deut]onomy xx4 #aj1 #aa4 ,^! v]ses conta9 ! g5]al rule prescrib+ ! me?od 9 :i* cities 7 to be summon$ to surr5d]4 #a4 ,! (f] ( peace--if x 0 accept$1 ! inhabitants became tribut>ies--if x 0 reject$1 & !y came out aga9/ ,israel 9 battle1 ! m5 7 to be kill$1 & ! wom5 & little ones sav$ alive4 ,see ,deut]onomy xx4 #ab1 #ac1 #ad4 ,! #ae? v]se re/ricts _! l5i5t treatm5t 9 sav+ ! wives & little ones ( ^? :o f\ght !m1 to ! inhabitants ( ! cities af> (f4 ,! #af? v]se gives directions = ! disposal ( ! inhabitants ( ,canaaniti% cities1 aft] !y _h tak5 !m4 ,in/ead ( sp>+ ! wom5 & *ildr51 !y 7 to save alive no?+ t brea!d4 ,! common mi/ake has be51 9 tak+ x = grant$1 t ! comm& 9 ! #ae? v]se1 ,?us %alt ?\ d unto all ! cities1 c4 ref]s to ! :ole sy/em ( directions prec$+1 comm5c+ ) ! #aj? v]se1 :]eas x manife/ly ref]s only to ! inflictions specifi$ 9 ! v]ses imm$iately prec$+1 viz4 ! #ab?1 #ac?1 & #ad?1 & ?us make a di/9ction betwe5 ^? ,canaaniti% cities t f\ght1 & ! cities af> (f t f\ght--9 "o case de/roy+ ! males & females1 & 9 ! o!r1 ! males only4 ,! (f] ( peace1 & ! conditional pres]vation1 7 z really gu>anti$ to ,canaaniti% cities z to o!rs4 ,_! inhabitants 7 n to be ext]m9at$ unless !y came out aga9/ ,israel 9 battle4 ,b let u settle ?is "q by ! law & ! te/imony4 ,jo%ua xix4 #ai1 #bj4--,!re 0 n a city t made peace ) ! *ildr5 ( ,israel save1 ! ,hivites1 ! inhabitants ( ,gibeon2 all o!rs !y took 9 battle4 ,= x 0 ( ! ,"l to h>d5 _! he>ts1 t !y %\ld ,,come ,,out ,,aga9/ ,,israel ,,9 ,,battle1 t he might de/roy !m utt]ly1 & t !y might h no favor1 b t he might de/roy !m1 z ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses4 ,t is1 if !y _h n come out aga9/ ,israel 9 battle1 !y w\ld h _h favor %[n !m1 & w\ld n h be5 de/roy$ utt]ly ,! great design ( ,god seems to h be5 to transf] ! t]ritory ( ! ,canaanites to ! ,israelites1 & along ) x1 absolute sov]eignty 9 e respect2 to annihilate _! political organizations1 civil polity1 jurisprud5ce1 & _! sy/em ( religion1 ) all its rights & app5dages2 & to sub/itute !re=1 a pure !ocracy1 adm9i/]$ by ,jehovah1 ) ! ,israelites z ,8 repres5tatives & ag5ts4 ,^? :o resi/$ ! execution ( ,jehovah's purpose 7 to be kill$1 :ile ^? :o quietly submitt$ to x 7 to be sp>$4 ,all _h ! *oice ( ^! alt]natives1 ei!r free egress out ( ! l&,a2 or acquiesc5ce 9 ! decree1 ) life & resid5ce z tribut>ies1 "u ! protection ( ! gov]nm5t2 or resi/ance to ! execution ( ! decree1 ) dea?4 ,& x %all come to pass1 if !y w dilig5tly le>n ! ways ( my p1 to swe> by my "n1 ! ,"l live?1 z !y taught my p to swe> by ,baal2 ,,!n ,,%all ,,!y ,,be ,,built ,,9 ,,! ,,mid/ ,,( ,,my ,,p4 ,footnote ,a3 ,suppose all ! ,canaaniti% nations _h ab&on$ _! t]ritory at ! tid+s ( ,israel's approa*1 did ,god's comm& require ! ,israelites to *ase !m to ! ends ( ! e>?1 & hunt !m d[n1 until e ,canaanite 0 de/roy$8 ,x is too prepo/]\s = belief1 & yet x foll[s legitimately f t con/ruction1 :i* int]prets ! t]ms consume1 de/roy1 de/roy utt]ly1 c4 to mean unconditional individual ext]m9ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! prec$+ ,inquiry is m]ely an outl9e4 ,:oev] reads x1 ne$s no su* in=mation4 ,its orig9al design embrac$ a mu* wid] range ( g5]al topics1 & subord9ate heads1 besides an ,inquiry into ! tea*+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t on ! same subject4 ,to h fill$ up ! outl9e1 9 con=mity ) ! plan ^u :i* x 0 sket*$1 w\ld h swell$ x to a volume4 ,mu* ( ! =ego+ has !re=e be5 ?r[n into ! =m ( a m]e skeleton ( heads1 or r a s]ies ( indices1 to tra9s ( ?\ght & classes ( pro(1 :i*1 h[ev] limit$ or imp]fect1 may p]haps1 af=d "s facilities to ^? :o h little leisure = m9ute & protract$ inve/igation4 ,no4 #d4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 ,,! ,,bible ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y4 ,,an ,,inquiry ,,into ,,! ,,patri>*al ,,& ,,mosaic ,,sy/ems ,,on ,,! ,,subject ,,( ,,human ,,rights4 ,?ird ,edition--,revis$4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahch4 ,?is p]iodical conta9s #e %eets4--,po/age "u #ajj miles1 #g #a-b cts2 ov] #ajj miles1 #ab #a-b cts4 ,please read & circulate4 ,,cont5ts ,,def9ition ,,( ,,slav]y1 ,negative1 ,affirmative1 ,legal1 ,,! ,,moral ,,law ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y ,?\ %alt n /eal1 ,?\ %alt n covet1 ,,man-,,/eal+--,,exam9ation ,,( ,,ex4 xxi4 #af1 ,sep>ation ( man f brutes & ?+s1 ,,import ,,( ,,buy ,,& ,,b\ght ,,) ,,money1 ,s]vants sold !mselves1 ,,rights ,,& ,,privileges ,,secur$ ,,by ,,law ,,to ,,s]vants1 ,,s]vants ,,7 ,,volunt>y1 ,runaway ,s]vants n to be deliv]$ to _! ,ma/]s1 ,,s]vants ,,7 ,,paid ,,wages1 ,,ma/]s ,,n ,,own]s1 ,s]vants n subject$ to ! uses ( prop]ty1 ,s]vants expressly di/+ui%$ f prop]ty1 ,exam9ation ( ,g54 xii4 #e4--,! s\ls t !y _h gott51 c4 ,social equality ( ,s]vants & ,ma/]s1 ,condition ( ! ,gibeonites z subjects ( ! ,hebrew ,commonweal?1 ,egyptian ,bondage analyz$1 ,,objections ,,consid]$4 ,,curs$ ,,be ,,canaan1 c4--,,exam9ation ,,( ,,g54 ix4 #be1 ,,= ,,he ,,is ,,8 ,,money1 c4--,,exam9ation ,,( ,,ex4 xxi4 #bj1 #ba1 ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,lev4 xxv4 #dd-df1 ,bo? ?y ,,bondm51 c41 %all be ( ! hea!n1 ,!y %all be y\r bondm5 ,,=ev]1 ,ye %all take !m z an ,,inh]itance1 c4 ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,lev4 ,,xxv4 #ci1 #dj4--,,! ,,freehold] ,,n ,,to ,,s]ve ,,z ,a ,,bond ,,s]vant1 ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,hir$ & ,b\ght ,s]vants1 ,b\ght ,s]vants ! mo/ favor$ & honor$ class1 ,israelites & ,/rang]s belong$ to bo? classes1 ,israelites s]vants to ! ,/rang]s1 ,reasons = ! release ( ! ,israeliti% ,s]vants 9 ! sev5? ye>1 ,reasons = assign+ ! ,/rang]s to a long] s]vice1 ,reasons = call+ !m ! ,s]vants1 ,diff]5t k9ds ( s]vice assign$ to ! ,israelites & ,/rang]s1 ,,review ,,( ,,all ,,! ,,classes ,,( ,,s]vants ,,) ,,! ,,modifications ,,( ,,ea*1 ,political disabilities ( ! ,/rang]s1 ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,ex4 xxi4 #b-f4--;,,if ,,?\ ,,buy ,,an ,,hebrew ,,s]vant1 ,,! ,,canaanites ,,n ,,s5t5c$ ,,to ,,unconditional ,,ext]m9ation1 ,,! ,,bible ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y4 ,! _s ( slav]y nev] seeks %elt] 9 ! ,bible1 ( its own accord4 ,x grasps ! horns ( ! alt> only 9 desp]ation--ru%+ f ! t]ror ( ! av5g]'s arm4 ,l o!r unclean spirits1 x hate? ! light1 nei!r come? to ! light1 le/ its de$s %\ld be reprov$4 ,goad$ to phr5zy 9 its conflicts ) consci5ce & common s5se1 d5i$ all qu>t]1 & hunt$ f e cov]t1 x vaults ov] ! sacr$ inclosure & c\rses up & d[n ! ,bible1 seek+ re/1 & f9d+ none4 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,love1 gl[+ on e page1 fla%es ar\nd x an omnipres5t angui% & despair4 ,x %r9ks f ! hat$ light1 & h[ls "u ! consum+ t\*1 z demons quail$ be=e ! ,son ( ,god1 & %riek$1 ,torm5t u n4 ,at la/1 x sl9ks away "u ! types ( ! ,mosaic sy/em1 & seeks to burr[ out ( sight among _! %ad[s4 ,va9 hope6 ,its asylum is its sepul*re2 its city ( refuge1 ! city ( de/ruction4 ,x flies f light into ! sun2 f heat1 into dev\r+ fire2 & f ! voice ( ,god into ! ?icke/ ( ,8 ?und]s4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,slav]y4 ,if we w\ld "k :e!r ! ,bible sanctions slav]y1 we mu/ det]m9e :at slav]y is4 ,a con/itu5t elem5t1 is "o ?+2 a relation1 ano!r2 an app5dage1 ano!r4 ,relations & app5dages presuppose o!r ?+s to :i* !y belong4 ,to reg>d !m z ! ?+s !mselves1 or z con/itu5t p>ts ( !m1 leads to endless fallacies4 ,a great v>iety ( conditions1 relations1 & t5ures1 indisp5sable to ! social /ate1 are conf\nd$ ) slav]y2 & ?us slavehold+ becomes q h>mless1 if n virtu\s4 ,we w specify "s ( ^!4 #a4 ,privation ( suffrage4 ,!n m9ors are slaves4 #b4 ,ineligibility to (fice4 ,!n females are slaves4 #c4 ,taxation )\t repres5tation4 ,!n slavehold]s 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia are slaves4 #d4 ,privation ( "o's oa? 9 law4 ,!n disbeliev]s 9 a future retribution are slaves4 #e4 ,privation ( trial by jury4 ,!n all 9 ,france & ,g]many are slaves4 #f4 ,be+ requir$ to support a p>ticul> religion4 ,!n ! p ( ,engl& are slaves4 ,to ! prec$+ may be add$ all o!r disabilities1 m]ely political4 #g4 ,cruelty & oppression4 ,wives1 *ildr51 & hir$ dome/ics are (t5 oppress$2 b ^! =ms ( cruelty are n slav]y4 #h4 ,appr5tice%ip4 ,! rights & duties ( ma/] & appr5tice are correlative & reciprocal4 ,! claim ( ea* ^u ! o!r results f 8 obligation to ! o!r4 ,appr5tice%ip is bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( equival5t = value receiv$4 ,! rights ( ! appr5tice are secur$1 equally ) ^? ( ! ma/]4 ,inde$1 :ile ! law is j to ! ma/]1 x is b5evol5t to ! appr5tice4 ,its ma9 design is r to b5efit ! appr5tice ?an ! ma/]4 ,x promotes ! int]e/s ( ! =m]1 :ile 9 do+ x1 x gu>ds f injury ^? ( ! latt]4 ,to ! ma/] x secures a m]e legal comp5sation--to ! appr5tice1 bo? a legal comp5sation & a virtual gratuity 9 addition1 he be+ ( ! two ! greate/ ga9]4 ,! law n only recognizes ! "r ( ! appr5tice to a rew>d = 8 labor1 b appo9ts ! wages1 & en=ces ! paym5t4 ,! ma/]'s claim cov]s only ! s]vices ( ! appr5tice4 ,! appr5tice's claim cov]s equally ! s]vices ( ! ma/]4 ,nei!r c hold ! o!r z prop]ty2 b ea* holds prop]ty 9 ! s]vices ( ! o!r1 & ,,bo? ,,equally4 ,is ?is slav]y8 #i4 ,filial subord9ation & p>5tal claims4 ,bo? are nature's dictates & intr9sic elem5ts ( ! social /ate2 ! natural affections :i* bl5d p>5t & *ild 9 "o1 excite ea* to dis*>ge ^? (fices incid5tal to ! relation1 & con/itute a %ield = mutual protection4 ,! p>5t's legal claim to ! *ild's s]vices1 :ile a m9or1 is a slight return = ! c>e & toil ( 8 re>+1 to say no?+ ( outlays = support & education4 ,?is provision is1 ) ! mass ( mank9d1 indisp5sable to ! pres]vation ( ! family /ate4 ,! *ild1 9 help+ 8 p>5ts1 helps himself--increases a common /ock1 9 :i* he has a %>e2 :ile 8 mo/ fai?ful s]vices d b ackn[l$ge a debt t money _c cancel4 #aj4 ,bondage = crime4 ,mu/ innoc5ce be puni%$ because guilt suff]s p5alties8 ,true1 ! crim9al works = ! gov]nm5t )\t pay2 & well he may4 ,he owes ! gov]nm5t4 ,a c5tury's "w w\ld n pay its drafts on him4 ,he is a public default]1 & w die s4 ,because laws make m5 pay _! debts1 %all ^? be =c$ to pay :o owe no?+8 ,! law makes no crim9al1 ,,prop]ty4 ,x re/ra9s 8 lib]ty1 & makes him pay some?+1 a m]e p5ny 9 ! p\nd1 ( 8 debt to ! gov]nm5t2 b x does n make him a *attel4 ,te/ x4 ,to own prop]ty1 is to own its product4 ,are *ildr5 born ( convicts1 gov]nm5t prop]ty8 ,besides1 c prop]ty be guilty8 ,are *attels puni%$8 #aa4 ,re/ra9ts ^u fre$om4 ,*ildr5 are re/ra9$ by p>5ts--pupils1 by tea*]s--pati5ts1 by physicians--corporations1 by *>t]s--& legislatures1 by con/itutions4 ,emb>goes1 t>iffs1 qu>ant9e1 & all o!r laws1 keep m5 f do+ z !y please4 ,re/ra9ts are ! web ( society1 w>p & wo(4 ,are !y slav]y8 !n civiliz$ society is a giant slave--a gov]nm5t ( ,,law1 ! climax ( slav]y1 & its executive1 a k+ among slavehold]s4 #ab4 ,compulsory s]vice4 ,a juryman is empannell$ aga9/ 8 w1 & sit he mu/4 ,a %]iff ord]s 8 posse2 by/&]s mu/ turn 94 ,m5 are compell$ to remove nuisances1 pay f9es & taxes1 support _! families1 & turn to ! "r z ! law directs1 h[ev] mu* aga9/ _! wills4 ,are !y !re=e slaves8 ,to conf\nd slav]y ) involunt>y s]vice is absurd4 ,slav]y is a condition4 ,! slave's feel+s t[>d x1 are "o ?+2 ! condition itself1 is ano!r ?+2 8 feel+s _c alt] ! nature ( t condition4 ,:e!r he desires or dete/s x1 ! condition rema9s ! same4 ,! slave's will+ness to be a slave is no palliation ( ! slavehold]'s guilt4 ,suppose ! slave %\ld ?9k himself a *attel1 & cons5t to be s reg>d$ by o!rs1 does t make him a *attel1 or make ^? guiltless :o hold him z su*8 ,i may be sick ( life1 & ,i tell ! assass9 s t /abs me2 is he any ! less a murd]]8 ,does my cons5t to 8 crime1 atone = x8 my p>tn]%ip 9 8 guilt1 blot out 8 "p ( x8 ,! slave's will+ness to be a slave1 s f> f less5+ ! guilt ( ! own]1 aggravates x4 ,if slav]y has s palsi$ 8 m9d t he looks ^u himself z a *attel1 & cons5ts to be "o1 actually to hold him z su*1 falls 9 ) 8 delusion1 & confirms ! impi\s falsehood4 ,^! v feel+s & convictions ( ! slave1 7if su* 7 possible7 increase a hundr$ fold ! guilt ( ! ma/]1 & call ^u him 9 ?und]1 imm$iately to recognize him z a man & ?us break ! sorc]y t *eats him out ( 8 bir?right--! consci\sness ( 8 wor? & de/9y4 ,_m ( ! =ego+ conditions are app5dages ( slav]y4 ,b no "o1 nor all ( !m toge!r1 con/itute its intr9sic un*ang+ elem5t4 ,we proce$ to /ate affirmatively t1 ,,enslav+ ,,m5 ,,is ,,r$uc+ ,,!m ,,to ,,articles ,,( ,,prop]ty--mak+ free ag5ts1 *attels--conv]t+ p]sons into ?+s--s9k+ immortality1 into m]*&ize4 ,a slave is "o held 9 ?is condition4 ,9 law1 he owns no?+1 & c acquire no?+4 ,8 "r to himself is abrogat$4 ,if he say my h&s1 my feet1 my body1 my m9d1 ,,my self1 !y are figures ( spee*4 ,to use himself = 8 own good1 is a ,,crime4 ,to keep :at he e>ns1 is /eal+4 ,to take 8 body into 8 own keep+1 is insurrection4 ,9 a ^w1 ! pr(it ( 8 ma/] is made ! ,,end ( 8 be+1 & he1 a m]e means to t end--a m]e means to an end into :i* 8 int]e/s d n ent]1 ( :i* !y con/itute no portion,a4 ,,man1 sunk to a ?+6 ! intr9sic elem5t1 ! pr9ciple ( slav]y2 ,,m51 b>t]$1 leas$1 mortgag$1 bequea!d1 invoic$1 %ipp$ 9 c>goes1 /or$ z goods1 tak5 on executions1 & knock$ (f at public outcry6 ,_! rights1 ano!r's conv5i5ces2 _! int]e/s1 w>es on sale2 _! happ9ess1 a h\sehold ut5sil2 _! p]sonal inali5able own]%ip1 a s]viceable article1 or a play?+1 z be/ suits ! humor ( ! h\r2 _! dea?less nature1 consci5ce1 social affections1 sympa?ies1 hopes--m>ketable commodities6 ,we repeat x1 ! r$uction ( p]sons to ?+s2 n robb+ a man ( privileges1 b ( himself2 n load+ ) burd5s1 b mak+ him a bea/ ( burd52 n re/ra9+ lib]ty1 b subv]t+ x2 n curtail+ rights1 b aboli%+ !m2 n inflict+ p]sonal cruelty1 b annihilat+ p]sonality2 n exact+ involunt>y labor1 b s9k+ him into an implem5t ( labor2 n abridg+ human com=ts1 b abrogat+ human nature2 n depriv+ an animal ( immunities1 b despoil+ a rational be+ ( attributes--uncreat+ a ,,man1 to make room = a ?+6 ,footnote ,a3 ,:atev] sy/em s9ks m5 f an ,,end to a m]e means1 j s f> makes him a slave4 ,h5ce ,we/ ,india appr5tice%ip reta9s ! c>d9al pr9ciple ( slav]y4 ,! appr5tice1 dur+ ?ree f\r?s ( 8 "t1 is /ill =c$ to labor1 & robb$ ( 8 e>n+s2 j s f> =? he is a m]e means1 a slave4 ,true1 9 o!r respects slav]y is aboli%$ 9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies4 ,its bloodie/ features are blott$ out--b ! meane/ & mo/ despicable ( all--=c+ ! poor to "w = ! ri* )\t pay ?ree f\r?s ( _! "t1 ) a legal (fic] to flog !m if !y demur at ! outrage1 is "o ( ! provisions ( ! ,emancipation ,act6 ,= ! glories ( t lum9>y1 abolitioni/s ?ank ,god1 :ile !y m\rn t x rose beh9d cl\ds1 & %9es ?r\gh an eclipse4 ,t ?is is ,am]ican slav]y1 is %[n by ! laws ( slave /ates4 ,judge ,/r\d1 9 8 ,sket* ( ! ,laws relat+ to ,slav]y1 says1 ,! c>d9al pr9ciple ( slav]y1 t ! slave is n to be rank$ among s5ti5t be+s1 b among ?+s--obta9s z und\bt$ law 9 all ( ^! ! slave /ates4 ,! law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ?us lays d[n ! pr9ciple1 ,slaves %all be deem$1 held1 tak51 reput$1 & adjudg$ 9 law to be *attels p]sonal 9 ! h&s ( _! own]s & possessors1 & _! executors1 adm9i/rators1 & assigns1 to ,,all ,,int5ts1 ,,con/ructions1 ,,& ,,purposes ,,:atsoev]4--,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bbi4 ,9 ,l\isiana1 ,a slave is "o :o is 9 ! p[] ( a ma/] to :om he belongs2 ! ma/] may sell him1 dispose ( 8 p]son1 8 indu/ry1 & 8 labor2 he c d no?+1 possess no?+1 nor acquire any ?+1 b :at mu/ belong to 8 ma/]4--,civ4 ,code ( ,l\isiana1 ,art4 #ce4 ,?is is ,am]ican slav]y4 ,! et]nal di/9ction betwe5 a p]son & a ?+1 trampl$ "u foot--! cr[n+ di/9ction ( all o!rs--alike ! s\rce1 ! te/1 & ! measure ( _! value--! rational1 immortal pr9ciple1 consecrat$ by ,god to univ]sal homage1 9 a baptism ( glory & honor by ! gift ( ,8 ,son1 ,8 ,_s1 ,8 ^w1 ,8 pres5ce1 provid5ce1 & p[]2 ,8 %ield1 & /aff1 & %elt]+ w+2 ,8 op5+ heav5s1 & angels m9i/]+1 & *>iots ( fire1 & songs ( morn+ />s1 & a great voice 9 heav51 proclaim+ et]nal sanctions1 & confirm+ ! ^w ) signs foll[+4 ,hav+ /at$ ! pr9ciple ( ,am]ican slav]y1 we ask1 ,,does ,,! ,,bible ,,sanction ,,su* ,a ,,pr9ciple8,a ,to ! law & ! te/imony8 ,fir/1 ! moral law4 ,j aft] ! ,israelites 7 emancipat$ f _! bondage 9 ,egypt1 :ile !y /ood be=e ,s9ai to receive ! law1 z ! trumpet wax$ l\d]1 & ! m\nt quak$ & blaz$1 ,god spake ! t5 comm&m5ts f ! mid/ ( cl\ds & ?und]+s4 ,two ( ^? comm&m5ts deal dea? to slav]y4 ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,n ,,/eal1 or1 ?\ %alt n take f ano!r :at belongs to him4 ,all man's p[]s are ,god's gift to him4 ,t !y are 8 own1 is prov$ f ! fact t ,god has giv5 !m to him alone1--t ea* ( !m is a "p ( himself1 & all ( !m toge!r con/itute himself4 ,all else t belongs to man1 is acquir$ by ! use ( ^! p[]s4 ,! int]e/ belongs to him1 because ! pr9cipal does2 ! product is 81 because he is ! produc]4 ,own]%ip ( any ?+1 is own]%ip ( its use4 ,! "r to use accord+ to w1 is itself own]%ip4 ,! eigh? comm&m5t presupposes & assumes ! "r ( e man to 8 p[]s1 & _! product4 ,slav]y robs ( bo?4 ,a man's "r to himself1 is ! only "r absolutely orig9al & intr9sic--8 "r to :atev] else t belongs to him is m]ely relative to ?is1 is d]iv$ f x1 & held only by virtue ( x4 ,,self-,,"r is ! f\ndation "r--! po/ is ! middle1 to :i* all o!r rights are fa/5$4 ,slavehold]s1 :5 talk+ ab\t _! ,,"r to _! slaves1 always assume _! own "r to !mselves4 ,:at slavehold] ev] und]took to prove 8 "r to himself8 ,he kn[s x to be a self-evid5t proposition1 t a man belongs to himself--t ! "r is intr9sic & absolute4 ,9 mak+ out 8 own title1 he makes out ! title ( e human be+4 ,z ! fact ( be+ a man is itself ! title1 ! :ole human family h "o common title de$4 ,if "o man's title is valid1 all are valid4 ,if "o is wor?less1 all are4 ,to d5y ! validity ( ! slave's title is to d5y ! validity ( 8 own2 & yet 9 ! act ( mak+ a man a slave1 ! slavehold] ass]ts ! validity ( 8 own title1 :ile he seizes him z 8 prop]ty :o has ! same title4 ,fur!r1 9 mak+ him a slave1 he does n m]ely disfran*ise ! humanity ( "o individual1 b ( ,,univ]sal ,,man4 ,he de/roys ! f\ndations4 ,he annihilates all rights4 ,he attacks n only ! human race1 b univ]sal be+1 & ru%es ^u ,,jehovah4 ,= rights are rights2 ,god's are no m--man's are no less4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,bible record ( actions is no comm5t on _! moral "*4 ,x v\*es = !m z facts1 n z virtues4 ,x records )\t rebuke1 ,noah's drunk5ness1 ,lot's ince/1 & ! lies ( ,jacob & 8 "m--n only s+le acts1 b usages1 su* z polygamy & concub9age1 are ent]$ on ! record )\t c5sure4 ,is t sil5t entry ,god's endorsem5t8 ,because ! ,bible 9 its catalogue ( human actions1 does n /amp on e crime its "n & numb]1 & write aga9/ x1 ?is is a crime--does t wa% out its guilt1 & blea* into a virtue8 ,! eigh? comm&m5t =bids ! tak+ ( any "p ( t :i* belongs to ano!r4 ,slav]y takes ! :ole4 ,does ! same ,bible :i* prohibits ! tak+ ( any ?+ f him1 sanction ! tak+ ( e ?+8 ,does x ?und] wra? aga9/ him :o robs 8 neighbor ( a c5t1 yet bid ,god spe$ to him :o robs 8 neighbor ( himself8 ,slavehold+ is ! highe/ possible violation ( ! eigh? comm&m5t4 ,to take f a man 8 e>n+s1 is !ft4 ,b to take ! e>n]1 is a comp\nd1 life-long !ft--supreme robb]y1 t vaults up ! climax at a leap--! dread1 t]rific1 giant robb]y1 t t[]s among o!r robb]ies a solit>y horror1 mon>* ( ! realm4 ,! eigh? comm&m5t =bids ! tak+ away1 & ! t5? adds1 ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,n ,,covet ,,any ,,?+ ,,t ,,is ,,?y ,,neighbor',s2 ?us gu>d+ e man's "r to himself & 8 prop]ty1 by mak+ n only ! actual tak+ away a s91 b ev5 t /ate ( m9d :i* w\ld tempt to x4 ,:o ev] made human be+s slaves1 )\t covet+ !m8 ,:y take f !m _! "t1 labor1 lib]ty1 "r ( self-pres]vation & improvem5t1 _! "r to acquire prop]ty1 to wor%ip accord+ to consci5ce2 to se>* ! ,scriptures1 to live ) _! families1 & _! "r to _! own bodies1 if !y d n desire !m8 ,!y covet !m = purposes ( ga91 conv5i5ce1 lu/ ( dom9ion1 ( s5sual gratification ( pride & o/5tation4 ,,!y ,,break ,,! ,,t5? ,,comm&m5t1 & pluck d[n ^u _! heads ! plagues t are writt5 9 ! book4--,t5 comm&m5ts con/itute ! brief comp5d ( human duty4--,two ( ^! br& slav]y z s94 ,! giv+ ( ! law at ,s9ai1 imm$iately prec$$ ! promulgation ( t body ( laws call$ ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,ov] ! gateway ( t sy/em1 fe>ful words 7 writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god--,,he ,,t ,,/eale? ,a ,,man ,,& ,,selle? ,,him1 ,,or ,,if ,,he ,,be ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,8 ,,h&1 ,,he ,,%all ,,surely ,,be ,,put ,,to ,,dea?4 ,ex4 xxi4 #af4 ,! oppression ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt1 & ! wond]s wr\ght = _! deliv]ance1 proclaim ! reason = su* a law at su* a "t--:5 ! body politic became a !ocracy1 & rev]5tly wait$ = ! w ( ,god4 ,!y _h j be5 emancipat$4 ,! trag$ies ( _! h\se ( bondage 7 ! realities ( ye/]day1 & peopl$ _! memories ) ?rong+ horrors4 ,!y _h j witness$ ,god's te/imony aga9/ oppression 9 ! plagues ( ,egypt--! burn+ bla9s on man & bea/--! du/ quick5$ into loa?some life1 & sw>m+ ^u e liv+ ?+--! /reets1 ! palaces1 ! temples1 & e h\se heap$ up ) ! c>cases ( ?+s abhorr$--! knead+ tr\ghs & ov5s1 ! secret *amb]s & ! c\*es2 reek+ & dissolv+ ) ! putrid dea?--! pe/il5ce walk+ 9 d>kness at noonday1 ! dev\r+ locu/s1 & hail m+l$ ) fire1 ! fir/-born dea?-/ruck1 & ! wat]s blood1 & la/ ( all1 t dread high h& & /ret*$-out arm1 t :elm$ ! mon>* & 8 ho/s1 & /rew$ _! corpses on ! sea4 ,all ?is _! eyes _h look$ ^u1--e>?'s pr\de/ city1 wa/$ & ?und]-sc>r$1 ly+ 9 desolation1 & ! doom ( oppressors trac$ on h] ru9s 9 ! h& writ+ ( ,god1 gl>+ 9 lett]s ( fire m+l$ ) blood--a black5$ monum5t ( wra? to ! utt]mo/ aga9/ ! /eal]s ( m54 ,no wond] t ,god1 9 a code ( laws prep>$ = su* a p at su* a "t1 %\ld light up on its ?re%old a blaz+ beacon to fla% t]ror on slavehold]s4 ,he t /eale? a man & selle? him1 or if he be f\nd 9 8 h&1 he %all surely be put to dea?4 ,ex4 xxi4 #af4 ,deut4 xxiv4 #g;,a4 ,god's *]ubim & flam+ sword gu>d+ ! entrance to ! ,mosaic sy/em6 ,footnote ,a3 ,j>*i1 ! mo/ em95t ( ! ,jewi% ,comm5tators1 :o wrote sev5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 9 8 comm5t>y on ?is /eal+ & mak+ m]*&ize ( m51 gives ! mean+ ?us3--,us+ a man aga9/ 8 w1 z a s]vant lawfully pur*as$2 yea1 ?\gh he %\ld use 8 s]vices ev] s little1 only to ! value ( a f>?+1 or use b 8 arm to lean on to support him1 if he be =c$ s to act z a s]vant1 ! p]son compell+ him b once to d s %all die z a ?ief1 :e!r he has sold him or n4 ,! ^w ,ganabh "h r5d]$ /eale?1 means ! tak+ :at belongs to ano!r1 :e!r by viol5ce or fraud2 ! same ^w is us$ 9 ! eigh? comm&m5t1 & prohibits bo? robb]y & !ft4 ,! crime specifi$ is t ( depriv+ ,,somebody ( ! own]%ip ( a man4 ,is ?is somebody a ma/]8 & is ! crime t ( depriv+ a ma/] ( 8 s]vant8 ,!n x w\ld h be5 he t /eale? a s]vant1 n he t /eale? a man4 ,if ! crime _h be5 ! tak+ an individual f ano!r1 !n ! t]m us$ w\ld h be5 expressive ( t relation1 & mo/ especially if x 0 ! relation ( prop]ty & proprietor6 ,! crime is /at$ 9 a ?ree-fold =m--man /eal+1 sell+1 & hold+4 ,all are put on a level1 & :elm$ "u "o p5alty--,,dea?4 ,?is somebody depriv$ ( ! own]%ip ( a man1 is ! man himself1 robb$ ( p]sonal own]%ip4 ,joseph said1 ,inde$ ,i 0 /ol5 away out ( ! l& ( ! ,hebrews4 ,g54 xl4 #ae4 ,h[ /ol58 ,8 bre?r5 sold him z an article ( m]*&ize4 ,contra/ ?is p5alty = man-/eal+ ) t = prop]ty-/eal+1 ,ex4 xxii4 ,if a man _h /ol5 an ox & kill$ or sold x1 he 0 to re/ore five ox52 if he _h nei!r sold nor kill$ x1 two ox54 ,b 9 ! case ( /eal+ a man1 ! fir/ act drew d[n ! utmo/ p[] ( puni%m5t2 h[ev] (t5 repeat$1 or aggravat$ ! crime1 human p5alty c\ld d no m4 ,! fact t ! p5alty = man-/eal+ 0 dea?1 & ! p5alty = prop]ty-/eal+1 ! m]e re/oration ( d\ble1 %[s t ! two cases 7 adjudicat$ on totally diff]5t pr9ciples4 ,! man /ol5 might be pa/ labor1 & 8 support a burd51 yet dea? 0 ! p5alty1 ?\gh n a c5t's wor? ( prop]ty value 0 tak54 ,! p5alty = /eal+ prop]ty 0 a m]e prop]ty p5alty4 ,h[ev] l>ge ! !ft1 ! paym5t ( d\ble wip$ out ! score4 ,x might h a great] money value ?an a ?\s& m51 yet dea? 0 n ! p5alty1 nor maim+1 nor br&+1 nor ev5 /ripes1 b d\ble ( ! same k9d4 ,:y 0 n ! rule uni=m8 ,:5 a man 0 /ol5 :y 0 n ! ?ief requir$ to re/ore d\ble ( ! same k9d--two m51 or if he _h sold him1 five m58 ,d y say t ! man-?ief might n h !m8 ,s ! ox-?ief might n h two ox51 or if he _h kill$ x1 five4 ,b if ,god p]mitt$ m5 to hold m5 z prop]ty1 equally ) ox51 ! man-?ief c\ld get m5 ) :om to pay ! p5alty1 z well z ! ox-?ief1 ox54 ,fur!r1 :5 prop]ty 0 /ol51 ! legal p5alty 0 a comp5sation to ! p]son injur$4 ,b :5 a man 0 /ol51 no prop]ty comp5sation 0 (f]$4 ,to t5d] money z an equival5t1 w\ld h be5 to repeat ! outrage ) intol]able aggravations4 ,compute ! value ( a ,,man 9 money6 ,?r[ du/ into ! scale aga9/ immortality6 ,! law recoil$ f su* supreme insult & impiety4 ,to h p]mitt$ ! man-?ief to expiate 8 crime by re/or+ d\ble1 w\ld h be5 mak+ ! repetition ( crime its atonem5t4 ,b ! infliction ( dea? = man-/eal+ exact$ ! utmo/ possibility ( rep>ation4 ,x wrung f ! guilty wret* z he gave up ! gho/1 a te/imony 9 blood1 & dea?-groans1 to ! inf9ite dignity & wor? ( man1--a proclamation to ! univ]se1 voic$ 9 mortal agony1 ,,man ,,is ,,inviolable--a confession %riek$ 9 phr5zy at ! grave's m\?--,i die accurs$1 & ,god is j4 ,if ,god p]mitt$ man to hold man z prop]ty1 :y did he puni% = /eal+ t k9d ( prop]ty inf9itely m ?an = /eal+ any o!r k9d ( prop]ty8 ,:y did he puni% ) dea? = /eal+ a v little ( t sort ( prop]ty1 & make a m]e f9e1 ! p5alty = /eal+ a ?\s& times z mu*1 ( any o!r sort ( prop]ty--especially if ,god did by 8 own act annihilate ! diff]5ce betwe5 man & prop]ty1 by putt+ him on a level ) x8 ,! atroci\sness ( a crime1 dep5ds mu* ^u ! nature1 "*1 & condition ( ! victim4 ,to /eal is a crime1 :oev] ! ?ief1 or :atev] ! plund]4 ,to /eal bread f a full man1 is !ft2 to /eal f a />v+ man1 is bo? !ft & murd]4 ,if ,i /eal my neighbor's prop]ty1 ! crime consi/s n 9 alt]+ ! nature ( ! article b 9 %ift+ its relation f him to me4 ,b :5 ,i take my neighbor himself1 & fir/ make him prop]ty1 & !n my prop]ty1 ! latt] act1 :i* 0 ! sole crime 9 ! =m] case1 dw9dles to no?+4 ,! s9 9 /eal+ a man1 is n ! transf] f its own] to ano!r ( t :i* is already prop]ty1 b ! turn+ ( p]sonality into prop]ty4 ,true1 ! attributes ( man rema91 b ! rights & immunities :i* gr[ out ( !m are attribut$4 ,x is ! fir/ law bo? ( reason & revelation to reg>d ?+s & be+s z !y are2 & ! sum ( religion1 to feel & act t[>ds !m accord+ to _! value4 ,kn[+ly to treat !m o!rwise is s92 & ! degree ( viol5ce done to _! nature1 religions1 & value1 measures its guilt4 ,:5 ?+s are sund]$ :i* ,god has indissolubly jo9$1 or conf\nd$ 9 "o1 :i* he has sep>at$ by inf9ite extremes2 :5 sacr$ & et]nal di/9ctions1 :i* he has g>ni%$ ) glory1 are d]id$ & set at n\ght1 !n1 if ev]1 s9 r$d5s to its sc>let dye4 ,! s9 specifi$ 9 ! passage1 is t ( do+ viol5ce to ! nature ( a man--to 8 intr9sic value z a rational be+1 & blott+ out ! exalt$ di/9ction /amp$ ^u him by 8 ,mak]4 ,9 ! v]se prec$+1 & 9 t :i* foll[s1 ! same pr9ciple is laid d[n4 ,v]se #ae1 ,he t smite? 8 fa!r or 8 "m %all surely be put to dea?4 ,v4 #ag1 ,he t curse? 8 fa!r or 8 "m1 %all surely be put to dea?4 ,if a ,jew smote 8 neighbor1 ! law m]ely smote him 9 return2 b if ! bl[ 0 giv5 to a p>5t1 x /ruck ! smit] dead4 ,! p>5tal relation is ! c5tre ( human society4 ,god gu>ds x ) peculi> c>e4 ,to violate t1 is to violate all4 ,:oev] trampl$ on t1 %[$ t no relation _h any sacr$ness 9 8 eyes--t he 0 unfit to move among human relations :o _h violat$ "o s sacr$ & t5d]4 ,!re=e1 ! ,mosaic law uplift$ 8 ble$+ corpse1 & br&i%$ ! gha/ly t]ror ar\nd ! p>5tal relation to gu>d x f impi\s inroads4 ,:y su* a diff]5ce 9 p5alties1 = ! same act8 ,answ]4 7#a47 ,! relation violat$ 0 obvi\s--! di/9ction betwe5 p>5ts & o!rs manife/1 dictat$ by natural affection--a law ( ! con/itution4 7#b47 ,! act 0 viol5ce to nature--a suicide on con/itutional susceptibilities4 7#c47 ,! p>5tal relation !n1 z n[1 0 ! focal po9t ( ! social sy/em1 & requir$ p[]ful safegu>ds4 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m1 /&s at ! head ( ^? comm&s :i* prescribe ! duties ( man to man2 &1 ?r\gh\t ! ,bible1 ! p>5tal /ate is ,god's favorite illu/ration ( 8 own relations to ! :ole human family4 ,9 ?is case dea? 0 to be inflict$ n = smit+ a man1 b a p>5t--a di/9ction *]i%$ by ,god1 & ar\nd :i*1 ,he ?rew up a bulw>k ( def5ce4 ,9 ! next v]se1 ,he t /eale? a man1 c41 ! ,,same ,,pr9ciple is wr\ght out 9 /ill /rong] relief4 ,! crime to be puni%$ ) dea? 0 n ! tak+ ( prop]ty f its own]1 b ! do+ viol5ce to an immortal nature1 blott+ out a sacr$ di/9ction1 mak+ ,,m5 *attels4 ,! incessant pa9s tak5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t to sep>ate human be+s f brutes & ?+s1 %[s ,god's reg>d = 8 own di/9ction4 ,9 ! beg9n+ x 0 utt]$ 9 heav51 & proclaim$ to ! univ]se z x rose into be+4 ,creation 0 array$ at ! in/ant ( its bir?1 to d x homage4 ,x paus$ 9 adoration :ile ,god u%]$ =? its cr[n+ "w4 ,:y t dread pause & t creat+ arm held back 9 mid c>e] & t high conf]5ce 9 ! godhead8 ,let u make man 9 ,,our ,,image aft] ,,our ,,lik5ess1 ,,& ,,let ,,him ,,h ,,dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air1 & ov] ! cattle1 & ov] all ! e>?4 ,!n :ile e liv+ ?+1 ) l&1 & sea1 & firmam5t1 & m>%all$ worlds1 wait$ to swell ! %\t ( morn+ />s--!n ,,god ,,creat$ ,,man ,,9 ,,8 ,,own ,,image2 ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god ,,creat$ ,,he ,,him4 ,?is solves ! problem1 ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god1 ,,creat$ ,,he ,,him4 ,well might ! sons ( ,god %\t1 ,am51 alleluia--,= ?\ ha/ made him a little l[] ?an ! angels1 & ha/ cr[n$ him ) glory & honor4 ,?\ made/ him to h dom9ion ov] ! works ( ?y h&s2 ?\ ha/ put all ?+s "u 8 feet4 ,ps4 viii4 #e1 #f4 ,! repetition ( ?is di/9ction is frequ5t & solemn4 ,9 ,g54 i4 #bf-bh1 x is repeat$ 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,9 ,g54 v4 #a1 we f9d x aga91 ,,9 ,,! ,,lik5ess ,,( ,,god ,,made ,,he ,,man4 ,9 ,g54 ix4 #f1 aga94 ,aft] giv+ lic5se to %$ ! blood ( e mov+ ?+ t live?1 x is add$1 ,:oso %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$1 = ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god ,,made ,,he ,,man4 ,z ?\gh x _h be5 said1 ,all ^! creatures are y\r prop]ty1 design$ = y\r use--!y h ! lik5ess ( e>?1 !y p]i% ) ! us+1 & _! spirits g d[nw>d2 b ?is o!r be+1 ,,man1 has my own lik5ess3 ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god made ,i man2 an intellig5t1 moral1 immortal ag5t1 invit$ to all t ,i c give & he c be4 ,s 9 ,lev4 xxiv4 #ag1 #ah1 #ba1 ,he t kille? any ,,man %all surely be put to dea?2 & he t kille? a bea/ %all make x good1 bea/ = bea/2 & he t kille? a man %all be put to dea?4 ,s 9 ,ps4 viii4 #e1 #f1 :at an enum]ation ( p>ticul>s1 ea* sep>at+ inf9itely ,,m5 f brutes & ?+s6 7#a47 ,?\ ha/ made him a little l[] ?an ! angels4 ,slav]y drags him d[n among brutes4 7#b47 ,& ha/ cr[n$ him ) glory & honor4 ,slav]y te>s (f 8 cr[n1 & puts on a yoke4 7#c47 ,?\ made/ him to h dom9ion ,,ov] ! works ( ?y h&s4 ,slav]y breaks ! sceptre1 & ca/s him d[n among ^? works--yea b5ea? !m4 7#d47 ,?\ ha/ put all ?+s "u 8 feet4 ,slav]y puts ,,him "u ! feet ( an own]4 ,:o1 b an impi\s scorn]1 d>es ?us /rive ) 8 ,mak]1 & mutilate ,,8 ,,image1 & blaspheme ! ,holy ,"o1 :o sai?1 ,inasmu* z ye did x unto "o ( ! lea/ ( ^!1 ye did x unto ,,me4 ,9 fur!r pres5t+ ?is inquiry1 ! ,patri>*al & ,mosaic sy/ems w be consid]$ toge!r1 z ea* reflects light ^u ! o!r1 & z _m regulations ( ! latt] are m]e legal =ms ( ,div9e in/itutions previ\sly exi/+4 ,z a sy/em1 ! latt] alone is ( ,div9e au?ority4 ,:atev] 7 ! usages ( ! patri>*s1 ,god has n made !m our exempl>s,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,^? :o insi/ t ! patri>*s held slaves1 & sit ) su* delight "u _! %ad[1 hymn+ ! praises ( ^? good old patri>*s & slavehold]s1 might at small co/ greatly augm5t _! numb]s4 ,a s+le /anza celebrat+ patri>*al concub9age1 w9d+ (f ) a *orus 9 honor ( patri>*al drunk5ness1 w\ld be a trumpet call1 summon+ f bu% & brake1 highway & h$ge1 & %elt]+ f5ce1 a bro!rhood ( k9dr$ aff9ities1 ea* claim+ ,abraham or ,noah z 8 patron sa9t1 & %\t+1 ,my "n is legion4 ,:at a myriad *oir & ?und]\s song4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u an analysis ( ! condition ( s]vants "u ^! two /ates ( society1 we w consid] ! import ( c]ta9 t]ms :i* describe ! mode ( procur+ !m4 ,,import ,,( ,,buy1 ,,& ,,b\ght ,,) ,,money4 ,z ! ,israelites 7 comm&$ to buy _! s]vants1 & z ,abraham _h s]vants b\ght ) money1 x is argu$ t s]vants 7 articles ( prop]ty4 ,! sole gr\nd = ?is belief is ! t]ms !mselves4 ,h[ mu* might be sav$1 if 9 discussion1 ! ?+ to be prov$ 7 always assum$4 ,to beg ! "q 9 debate1 w\ld be va/ economy ( midnight oil6 & a great =e/all] ( wr9kles & grey hairs6 ,in/ead ( protract$ inve/igation into ,scripture usage1 ) pa9ful collat+ ( passages1 to f9d ! mean+ ( t]ms1 let e man int]pret ! olde/ book 9 ! _w by ! usages ( 8 own "t & place1 & ! "w is done4 ,& !n in/ead ( "o revelation1 !y might be multipli$ z ! drops ( ! morn+1 & e man h an infallible clue to ! m9d ( ! ,_s1 if he only und]/ood ! dialect ( 8 own neighborhood6 ,:at a ,babel-j>gon x w\ld make ( ! ,bible to take x = grant$ t ! s5se 9 :i* words are n[ us$ is ! inspir$ s5se1 ,david says1 ,i prev5t$ ! dawn+ ( ! morn+1 & cri$4 ,:at1 /op ! e>? 9 its revolution6 ,two hundr$ ye>s ago1 prev5t 0 us$ 9 its /rict ,lat9 s5se to come be=e1 or anticipate4 ,x is always us$ 9 ?is s5se 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,david's expression1 9 ! ,engli% ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 w\ld be ,be=e ! dawn+ ( ! morn+ ,i cri$4 ,9 almo/ e *apt] ( ! ,bible1 words are us$ 9 a s5se n[ ne>ly or q obsolete1 & sometimes 9 a s5se totally opposite to _! pres5t mean+4 ,a few examples foll[3 ,i purpos$ to come to y1 b 0 let 7h9d]$7 hi!rto4 ,& ! f\r bea/s 7liv+ ones7 fell d[n & wor%ipp$ ,god1--,:osoev] %all (f5d 7cause to s97 "o ( ^! little ones1--,g out into ! highways & compel 7urge7 !m to come 91--,only let y\r conv]sation 7habitual conduct7 be z become? ! ,gospel1--,!y t seek me e>ly 7e>ne/ly7 %all f9d me1--,s :5 tribulation or p]secution arise? by-&-by 7imm$iately7 !y are (f5d$4 ,no?+ is m mutable ?an language4 ,words1 l bodies1 are always ?r[+ (f "s p>ticles & absorb+ o!rs4 ,s long z !y are m]e repres5tatives1 elect$ by ! :ims ( univ]sal suffrage1 _! mean+ w be a p]fect volatile1 & to cork x up = ! next c5tury is an employm5t suffici5tly silly 7to speak )9 b\nds7 = a mod]n ,bible ,diction>y mak]4 ,!re nev] 0 a %all[] conceit ?an t ( e/abli%+ ! s5se atta*$ to a ^w c5turies ago1 by %[+ :at x means n[4 ,pity t fa%ionable mantuamak]s 7 n a little quick] at tak+ h9ts f "s ,doctors ( ,div9ity4 ,h[ easily !y might save _! pi\s cu/om]s all qualms ( consci5ce ab\t ! weekly %ift+s ( fa%ion1 by prov+ t ! la/ importation ( ,p>isian indec5cy n[ flaunt+ on prom5ade1 0 ! v /yle ( dress 9 :i* ! pi\s ,s>ah knead$ cakes = ! angels1 & ! mode/ ,rebecca drew wat] = ! camels ( ,abraham's s]vants4 ,s9ce su* fa%ions are rife 9 ,broadway n[1 !y mu/ h be5 9 ,canaan & ,padan>am f\r ?\s& ye>s ago6 ,! inf]5ce t ! ^w buy1 us$ to describe ! procur+ ( s]vants1 means procur+ !m z *attels1 seems bas$ ^u ! fallacy1 t :atev] co/s money is money2 t :atev] or :oev] y pay money =1 is an article ( prop]ty1 & ! fact ( y\r pay+ = x proves x prop]ty4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 requir$ to pur*ase _! fir/-born f "u ! obligations ( ! prie/hood1 ,num4 xviii4 #ae1 #af2 ,ex4 xiii4 #ac2 xxxiv4 #bj4 ,?is cu/om /ill exi/s among ! ,jews1 & ! ^w buy is /ill us$ to describe ! transaction4 ,does ?is prove t _! fir/-born 71 or are1 held z prop]ty8 ,!y 7 b\ght z really z 7 s]vants4 7#b47 ,! ,israelites 7 requir$ to pay money = _! own s\ls4 ,?is is call$ sometimes a ransom1 sometimes an atonem5t4 ,7 _! s\ls !re=e m>ketable commodities8 7#c47 ,bible sa9ts b\ght _! wives4 ,boaz b\ght ,ru?4 ,s ,ru? ! ,moabitess1 ! wife ( ,mahlon1 h ,i pur*as$ to be my wife4 ,ru? iv4 #aj4 ,hosea b\ght 8 wife4 ,s ,i b\ght h] to me = fifte5 pieces ( silv]1 & = an hom] ( b>ley1 & an half hom] ( b>ley4 ,hosea iii4 #b4 ,jacob b\ght 8 wives ,ra*ael & ,leah1 & n hav+ money1 paid = !m 9 labor--sev5 ye>s a piece4 ,g54 xxix4 #ae-bi4 ,moses probably b\ght 8 wife 9 ! same way1 & paid = h] by 8 labor1 z ! s]vant ( h] fa!r4 ,exod4 ii4 #ba4 ,%e*em1 :5 negotiat+ ) ,jacob & 8 sons = ,d9ah1 says1 ,ask me nev] s mu* d[ry & gift1 & ,i w give accord+ z ye %all say unto me4 ,g54 xxxiv4 #aa1 #ab4 ,david pur*as$ ,mi*al1 & ,o?niel1 ,a*sah1 by p]=m+ p]il\s s]vices = _! fa!rs4 #a ,sam4 xviii4 #be-bg2 ,judg4 i4 #ab1 #ac4 ,t ! pur*ase ( wives1 ei!r ) money or by s]vice1 0 ! g5]al practice1 is pla9 f su* passages z ,ex4 xxii4 #ag1 & #a ,sam4 xviii4 #be4 ,among ! mod]n ,jews ?is usage exi/s1 ?\gh n[ a m]e =m1 !re be+ no real pur*ase4 ,yet among _! m>riage c]emonies1 is "o call$ m>ry+ by ! p5ny4 ,! co9cid5ces 9 ! me?ods ( procur+ wives & s]vants1 9 ! t]ms employ$ 9 describ+ ! transactions1 & 9 ! prices paid = ea*1 are wor?y ( notice4 ,! highe/ price ( wives 7virg9s7 & s]vants 0 ! same4 ,comp4 ,deut4 xxii4 #bh1 #bi1 & ,ex4 xxii4 #ag1 ) ,lev4 xxvii4 #b-h4 ,! m$ium price ( wives & s]vants 0 ! same4 ,comp4 ,hos4 iii4 #b1 ) ,ex4 xxi4 #cb4 ,hosea seems to h paid "o half 9 money & ! o!r half 9 gra94 ,fur!r1 ! ,israeliti% female b\ght s]vants 7 wives1 _! husb&s & ma/]s be+ ! same p]sons4 ,ex4 xxi4 #h1 ,judg4 xix4 #c1 #bg4 ,if buy+ s]vants proves !m prop]ty1 buy+ wives proves !m prop]ty4 ,:y n cont5d t ! wives ( ! anci5t fa!rs ( ! fai?ful 7 _! *attels1 & us$ z ready *ange at a p9*2 & !nce d$uce ! rights ( mod]n husb&s8 ,alas6 ,patri>*s & prophets are foll[$ af> (f6 ,:5 w pi\s husb&s live up to _! ,bible privileges1 & become p>tak]s ) ,old ,te/am5t wor?ies 9 ! bless$ness ( a husb&'s rightful immunities6 ,refus+ s to d1 is que/ion+ ! morality ( ^? good old patri>*s & slavehold]s1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob4 ,?is use ( ! ^w buy1 is n peculi> to ! ,hebrew4 ,9 ! ,syriac1 ! common expression = ! esp\s$1 is ! b\ght4 ,ev5 s late z ! #af? c5tury1 ! common record ( m>riages 9 ! old ,g]man ,*ronicles 01 ,a ,,b\ght ,b4 ,! ^w translat$ buy1 is1 l o!r words1 modifi$ by ! nature ( ! subject to :i* x is appli$4 ,eve said1 ,i h gott5 7b\ght7 a man ( ! ,"l4 ,%e nam$ him ,ca91 t is b\ght4 ,he t he>e? repro(1 gette? 7buye?7 und]/&+1 ,prov4 xv4 #cb4 ,s 9 ,isa4 xi4 #aa4 ,! ,"l %all set 8 h& aga9 to recov] 7to buy7 ! remnant ( 8 p4 ,s ,ps4 lxxviii4 #ed4 ,he br\ght !m to ?is m\nta9 :i* 8 "r h& _h pur*as$1 7gott547 ,j]4 xiii4 #d4 ,take ! girdle t ?\ ha/ got 7b\ght47 ,neh4 v4 #h4 ,we ( our ability h r$eem$ 7b\ght7 our bre?r5 t 7 sold to ! hea!n4 ,"h b\ght is n appli$ to p]sons r$uc$ to s]vitude1 b to ^? tak5 out ( x4 ,prov4 #h4 #bb4 ,! ,"l possess$ 7b\ght7 me 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 way4 ,prov4 xix4 #h4 ,he t gette? 7buye?7 wisdom love? 8 own s\l4 ,f9ally1 to buy is a second>y mean+ ( ! ,hebrew ^w ,kana4 ,ev5 at ?is day ! ^w buy is us$ to describe ! procur+ ( s]vants1 :]e slav]y is aboli%$4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 :]e slaves became appr5tices 9 #ahcd1 !y are /ill b\ght4 ,?is is ! curr5t ^w 9 ,we/ ,india newspap]s4 ,t5 ye>s s9ce s]vants 7 b\ght 9 ,new-,york1 z really z 9 ,virg9ia1 yet ! diff]5t s5ses 9 :i* ! ^w 0 us$ 9 ! two /ates1 put no man 9 a qu&>y4 ,"u ! sy/em ( legal ind5ture 9 ,ill9ois1 s]vants n[ are b\ght4,a ,until rec5tly immigrants to ?is c\ntry 7 b\ght 9 great numb]s4 ,by volunt>y contract !y engag$ to "w a giv5 "t to pay = _! passage4 ,?is class ( p]sons call$ r$emption]s1 consi/$ at "o "t ( ?\s&s4 ,multitudes are b\ght out ( slav]y by !mselves or o!rs4 ,"u ! same ro( ) ! writ] is a s]vant b\ght ) money4 ,a few weeks s9ce1 %e 0 a slave2 :5 b\ght %e 0 a slave no long]4 ,alas6 = our lead+ politicians if buy+ m5 makes !m *attels4 ,! ,:igs say t ,b5ton & ,rives are b\ght by ! adm9i/ration2 & ! o!r p>ty1 t ,clay & ,web/] are b\ght by ! ,bank4 ,! hi/ories ( ! revolution tell u t ,b5$ict ,arnold 0 b\ght by ,briti% gold4 ,:5 a nor!rn cl]gyman m>ries a ri* s\!rn wid[1 c\ntry gossip ?us hits (f ! indec5cy1 ,! cotton bags b\ght him4 ,sir ,rob]t ,walpole said1 ,e man has 8 price1 & :oev] w pay x1 c buy him1 & ,john ,r&olph said1 ,! nor!rn delegation is 9 ! m>ket1 give me money en\gh1 & ,i c buy !m2 bo? meant j :at !y said4 ,! temp]ance publications tell u t c&idates = (fice buy m5 ) :iskey2 & ! oracles ( /reet tattle t ! c\rt1 di/rict attorney1 & jury1 9 ! late trial ( ,rob9son 7 b\ght1 yet we h no float+ visions ( *attels p]sonal1 man auctions1 or c(fles4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! foll[+ /atute is n[ 9 =ce 9 ! free /ate ( ,ill9ois--,no negro1 mulatto1 or ,indian %all at any "t pur*ase any s]vant o!r ?an ( _! own complexion3 & if any ( ! p]sons a=esaid %all presume to pur*ase a :ite s]vant1 su* s]vant %all imm$iately become free1 & %all be s held1 deem$ & tak54 ,! transaction betwe5 ,joseph & ! ,egyptians gives a clue to ! use ( buy & b\ght ) money4 ,g51 xlvii4 #ah-bf4 ,! ,egyptians propos$ to ,joseph to become s]vants4 ,:5 ! b>ga9 0 clos$1 ,joseph said1 ,behold ,i h b\ght y ?is day1 & yet x is pla9 t nei!r p>ty reg>d$ ! p]sons b\ght z articles ( prop]ty1 b m]ely z b\nd to labor on c]ta9 conditions1 to pay = _! support dur+ ! fam9e4 ,! idea atta*$ by bo? p>ties to buy u1 & behold ,i h b\ght y1 0 m]ely t ( s]vice volunt>ily (f]$1 & secur$ by contract1 9 return = value receiv$1 & n at all t ! ,egyptians 7 b]eft ( _! p]sonal own]%ip1 & made articles ( prop]ty4 ,& ?is buy+ ( s]vices 79 ?is case x 0 b "o-fif? "p7 is call$ 9 ,scripture usage1 buy+ ! p]sons4 ,?is case claims special notice1 z x is ! only "o :]e ! :ole transaction ( buy+ s]vants is detail$--! prelim9>ies1 ! process1 ! mutual acquiesc5ce1 & ! p]man5t relation result+ !refrom4 ,9 all o!r in/ances1 ! m]e fact is /at$ )\t p>ticul>s4 ,9 ?is case1 ! :ole process is laid op54 7#a47 ,! p]sons b\ght1 sold !mselves1 & ( _! own accord4 7#b47 ,obta9+ p]man5tly ! s]vices ( p]sons1 or ev5 a portion ( !m1 is call$ buy+ ^? p]sons4 ,! objector1 at ! outset1 takes x = grant$1 t s]vants 7 b\ght ( ?ird p]sons2 & !nce inf]s t !y 7 articles ( prop]ty4 ,bo? ! alleg$ fact & ! inf]5ce are %e] assumptions4 ,no in/ance is record$1 "u ! ,mosaic sy/em1 9 :i* a ma/] sold 8 s]vant4 ,t s]vants :o 7 b\ght sold !mselves is a fair inf]5ce f v>i\s passages ( ,scripture4 ,9 ,leviticus xxv4 #dg1 ! case ( ! ,israelite1 :o became ! s]vant ( ! /rang]1 ! words are1 ,if he ,,sell ,,himself unto ! /rang]4 ,! same ^w1 & ! same =m ( ! ^w1 :i*1 9 v]se #dg1 is r5d]$ sell himself1 is 9 v]se #ci ( ! same *apt]1 r5d]$ be sold2 9 ,deut4 xxviii4 #fh1 ! same ^w is r5d]$ be sold4 ,& !re ye %all ,,be ,,sold unto y\r enemies = bond-m5 & bond-wom5 & ,,no ,,man ,,%all ,,buy ,,y4 ,h[ c\ld !y be sold )\t be+ b\ght8 ,our translation makes x nons5se4 ,! ^w ,mak> r5d]$ be sold is us$ "h 9 ! ,hi?pael conjugation1 :i* is g5]ally reflexive 9 its =ce1 &1 l ! middle voice 9 ,greek1 repres5ts :at an individual does = himself1 & %\ld manife/ly h be5 r5d]$1 ye %all (f] y\rselves = sale1 & !re %all be no pur*as]4 ,= a clue to ,scripture usage on ?is po9t1 see #a ,k+s xxi4 #bj1 #be--,?\ ha/ sold ?yself to "w evil4 ,!re 0 none l to ,ahab t sold himself to "w wick$ness4--#b ,k+s xvii4 #ag4 ,!y us$ div9ation & en*antm5ts1 & sold !mselves to d evil4--,isa4 l4 #a4 ,= y\r iniquities h ye sold y\rselves4 ,isa4 lii4 #c1 ,ye h sold y\rselves ,,= ,,n\ght1 & ye %all be r$eem$ )\t money4 ,see also1 ,j]4 xxxiv4 #ad--,romans vii4 #ad1 vi4 #af--;,john viii4 #cd1 & ! case ( ,joseph & ! ,egyptians1 already quot$4 ,9 ! pur*ase ( wives1 ?\gh spok5 ( r>ely1 x is g5]ally /at$ t !y 7 b\ght ( ?ird p]sons4 ,if s]vants 7 b\ght ( ?ird p]sons1 x is /range t no in/ance ( x is on record4 ,,ii4--,,! ,,lead+ ,,design ,,( ,,! ,,laws ,,relat+ ,,to ,,s]vants1 ,,) ,,! ,,rights ,,& ,,privileges ,,secur$ ,,to ,,!m4 ,! g5]al object ( ! laws def9+ ! relations ( ma/] & s]vant1 0 ! good ( bo? p>ties--m especially ! good ( ! s]vants4 ,:ile ! ma/]'s int]e/s 7 gu>d$ f injury1 ^? ( ! s]vants 7 promot$4 ,^! laws made a m]ciful provision = ! poor] classes1 bo? ( ! ,israelites & ,/rang]s1 n lay+ on burd5s1 b light5+ !m--!y 7 a grant ( privileges & favors4 ,i4 ,no s]vant f ! ,/rang]s1 c\ld rema9 9 ! family ( an ,israelite )\t becom+ a proselyte4 ,compliance ) ?is condition 0 ! price ( ! privilege4--,g54 xvii4 #i-ad1 #bc1 #bg4 ,,ii4 ,excommunication f ! family 0 a ,,puni%m5t4--,g54 xxi4 #ad4 ,luke xvi4 #b-d4 ,,iii4 ,e ,hebrew s]vant c\ld ,,compel 8 ma/] to keep him aft] ! six ye>s contract _h expir$4 ,?is %[s t ! sy/em 0 fram$ to advance ! int]e/s & gratify ! wi%es ( ! s]vant q z mu* z ^? ( ! ma/]4 ,if ! s]vant dem&$ x1 ! law oblig$ ! ma/] to reta9 him1 h[ev] little he might ne$ 8 s]vices4 ,deut4 xv4 #ab-ag4 ,ex4 xxi4 #b-f4 ,,iv4 ,! rights & privileges gu>anti$ by law to all s]vants4 #a4 ,!y 7 admitt$ into cov5ant ) ,god4 ,deut4 xxix4 #aj-ac4 #b4 ,!y 7 invit$ gue/s at all ! national & family fe/ivals4 ,ex4 xii4 #dc-dd2 ,deut4 xii4 #ab1 #ah1 xvi4 #aj-af4 #c4 ,!y 7 /at$ly in/ruct$ 9 morality & religion4 ,deut4 xxxi4 #aj-ac2 ,jo%4 viii4 #cc-ce2 #b ,*ron4 xvii4 #h-i4 #d4 ,!y 7 releas$ f _! regul> labor ne>ly ,,"o ,,half ,,( ,,! ,,:ole ,,"t4 ,dur+ :i* !y _h _! entire support1 & ! same in/ruction t 0 provid$ = ! o!r memb]s ( ! ,hebrew community4 7a47 ,! ,law secur$ to !m ! :ole ( e sev5? ye>2 ,lev4 xxv4 #c-f2 ?us giv+ to ^? :o 7 s]vants dur+ ! entire p]iod betwe5 ! jubilees1 eight :ole ye>s1 includ+ ! jubilee ye>1 ( unbrok5 re/4 7b47 ,e sev5? day4 ,?is 9 =ty-two ye>s1 ! eight be+ subtract$ f ! fifty1 w\ld am\nt to j six ye>s4 7c47 ,! ?ree annual fe/ivals4 ,! ,passov]1 :i* comm5c$ on ! #ae? ( ! #a/ mon?1 & la/$ sev5 days1 ,deut4 xvi4 #c1 #h4 ,! ,p5teco/1 or ,fea/ ( ,weeks1 :i* began on ! #f? day ( ! #c;d mon?1 & la/$ sev5 days4 ,lev4 xvi4 #aj1 #aa4 ,! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 :i* comm5c$ on ! #ae? ( ! #g? mon?1 & la/$ eight days4 ,deut4 xvi4 #ac1 #ae2 ,lev4 xxiii4 #cd-ci4 ,z all met 9 "o place1 mu* "t w\ld be sp5t on ! j\rney4 ,cumb]$ c>avans move sl[ly4 ,aft] _! arrival1 a day or two w\ld be requisite = div]s prep>ations be=e ! celebration1 besides "s "t at ! close ( x1 9 prep>ations = return4 ,if we assign ?ree weeks to ea* fe/ival--includ+ ! "t sp5t on ! j\rneys1 & ! delays be=e & aft] ! celebration1 toge!r ) ! fe/ival week1 x w be a small all[ance = ! cessation ( _! regul> labor4 ,z !re 7 ?ree fe/ivals 9 ! ye>1 ! ma9 body ( ! s]vants w\ld be abs5t f _! /at$ employm5ts at lea/ n9e weeks annually1 :i* w\ld am\nt 9 =ty-two ye>s1 subtract+ ! ,sabba?s1 to six ye>s & eighty-f\r days4 7d47 ,! new moons4 ,! ,jewi% ye> _h twelve2 ,josephus says t ! ,jews always kept two days = ! new moon4 ,see ,calmet on ! ,jewi% ,cal5d>1 & ,horne's ,introduction2 also #a ,sam4 xx4 #ah1 #ai1 #bg4 ,?is 9 =ty-two ye>s1 w\ld be two ye>s #bhj days4 7e47 ,! fea/ ( trumpets4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! sev5? mon?1 & ( ! civil ye>4 ,lev4 xxiii4 #bd1 #be4 7f47 ,! atonem5t day4 ,on ! t5? ( ! sev5? mon?4 ,lev4 xxiii4 #bg4 ,^! two fea/s w\ld consume n less ?an sixty-five days n reckon$ above4 ,?us x appe>s t ^? :o cont9u$ s]vants dur+ ! p]iod betwe5 ! jubilees1 7 by law releas$ f _! labor1 ,,tw5ty-,,?ree ,,ye>s ,,& ,,sixty-,,f\r ,,days1 ,,out ,,( ,,fifty ,,ye>s1 & ^? :o rema9$ a less "t1 9 ne>ly ! same proportion4 ,9 ?is calculation1 besides mak+ a donation ( all ! fractions to ! objector1 we h left out ^? num]\s local fe/ivals to :i* frequ5t allusion is made1 ,judg4 xxi4 #ai2 ,i ,sam4 ix4 etc41 & ! v>i\s family fe/ivals1 su* z at ! wean+ ( *ildr52 at m>riages2 at %eep %e>+s2 at circumcisions2 at ! mak+ ( cov5ants1 c41 to :i* ref]5ce is (t5 made1 z 9 #a ,sam4 xx4 #bh1 #bi4 ,nei!r h we includ$ ! fe/ivals in/itut$ at a lat] p]iod ( ! ,jewi% hi/ory4 ,! fea/ ( ,purim1 ,e/h4 ix4 #bh1 #bi2 & ( ! ,d$ication1 :i* la/$ eight days4 ,john x4 #bb2 #a ,mac4 iv4 #ei4 ,f9ally1 ! ,mosaic sy/em secur$ to s]vants1 an am\nt ( "t :i*1 if di/ribut$1 w\ld be almo/ ,,"o ,,half ,,( ,,! ,,days ,,9 ,,ea* ,,ye>4 ,mean:ile1 !y 7 support$1 & furni%$ ) opportunities ( in/ruction4 ,if ?is "t 7 di/ribut$ ov] e day1 ! s]vants w\ld h to !mselves ne>ly "o half ( ea* day4 ,,?is ,,is ,a ,,regulation ,,( ,,t ,,mosaic ,,sy/em ,,:i* ,,is ,,claim$ ,,by ,,slavehold]s ,,z ,,! ,,prototype ,,( ,,am]ican ,,slav]y4 ,v4 ,! s]vant 0 protect$ by law equally ) ! o!r memb]s ( ! community4 ,pro(4--,judge righte\sly betwe5 e man & 8 neighbor1 & ,,! ,,/rang] ,,t ,,is ,,) ,,him4 ,ye %all n ,,respect ,,p]sons 9 judgem5t1 b ye %all he> ! ,,small z well z ! great4 ,deut4 i4 #af1 #ag4 ,also ,lev4 xxiv4 #bb4 ,ye %all h "o mann] ( law z well = ! ,,/rang]1 z = "o ( y\r own c\ntry4 ,s ,numb4 xv4 #bi4 ,ye %all h ,,"o ,,law = him t s9ne? ?r\gh ignorance1 bo? = him t is born among ! *ildr5 ( ,israel & = ! ,,/rang] t soj\rne? among !m4 ,deut4 xxvii4 #ai4 ,curs$ be he t ,,p]v]te? ,,! ,,judgm5t ,,( ,,! ,,/rang]4 ,,vi4 ,! ,mosaic sy/em enjo9$ ! greate/ affection & k9dness t[>d s]vants1 =eign z well z ,jewi%4 ,lev4 xix4 #cd4 ,! /rang] t dwelle? ) y %all be unto y z "o born among y1 & ?\ %all love him z ?yself4 ,also ,deut4 x4 #ag1 #ai4 ,= ! ,"l y\r ,god 99 99 ,,reg>de? ,,n ,,p]sons4 ,he do? execute ! judgm5t ( ! fa!rless & wid[1 & ,,love? ,,! ,,/rang]1 9 giv+ him food & raim5t1 ,,love ,,ye ,,!re=e ,,! ,,/rang]4 ,s ,ex4 xxii4 #ba4 ,?\ %alt nei!r vex a ,,/rang] nor oppress him4 ,ex4 xxiii4 #i4 ,?\ %alt n oppress a ,,/rang]1 = ye "k ! he>t ( a /rang]4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ce1 #cf4 ,if ?y bro!r be wax5 poor ?\ %alt relieve him1 yea1 ?\gh he be a ,,/rang] or a soj\rn]1 t he may live ) !e1 take ?\ no usury ( him or increase1 b fe> ?y ,god4 ,c\ld ?is same /rang] be tak5 by "o t fe>$ 8 ,god1 & held z a slave1 & robb$ ( "t1 e>n+s1 & all 8 rights8 ,,vii4 ,s]vants 7 plac$ ^u a level ) _! ma/]s 9 all civil & religi\s rights4 ,num4 xv4 #ae1 #af1 #bi2 ix4 #ad4 ,deut4 i4 #af1 #ag4 ,lev4 xxiv4 #bb4 ,,iii4--,,did ,,p]sons ,,become ,,s]vants ,,volunt>ily1 ,,or ,,7 ,,!y ,,made ,,s]vants ,,aga9/ ,,_! ,,wills8 ,we argue t !y became s]vants ( _! own accord4 ,i4 ,because to become a s]vant 9 ! family ( an ,israelite1 0 to abjure idolatry1 to ent] into cov5ant ) ,god,a1 be circumcis$ 9 tok5 ( x1 b\nd to keep ! ,sabba?1 ! ,passov]1 ! ,p5teco/1 & ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 & to receive in/ruction 9 ! moral & c]emonial law4 ,7 ! s]vants =c$ ?r\gh all ^! processes8 ,0 ! r5unciation ( idolatry compulsory8 ,7 !y dragg$ into cov5ant ) ,god8 ,7 !y seiz$ & circumcis$ by ma9 /r5g?8 ,7 !y compell$ me*anically to *ew1 & swall[ ! fle% ( ! ,pas*al lamb1 :ile !y abhorr$ ! in/itution1 spurn$ ! laws t enjo9$ x1 dete/$ its au?or & its executors1 & in/ead ( rejoic+ 9 ! deliv]ance :i* x commemorat$1 bewail$ x z a calamity1 & curs$ ! day ( its consummation8 ,7 !y driv5 f all p>ts ( ! l& ?ree times 9 ! ye> to ! annual fe/ivals8 ,7 !y drugg$ ) in/ruction :i* !y nauseat$8 ,goad$ ?r\gh a r\nd ( c]emonies1 to !m s5seless & disgu/+ mumm]ies2 & drill$ into ! tactics ( a cre$ rank ) loa!d abom9ations8 ,we repeat x1 to became a s]vant1 0 to become a proselyte4 ,& did ,god au?orize 8 p to make proselytes1 at ! po9t ( ! sword8 by ! t]ror ( pa9s & p5alties8 by conv]t+ m5 into m]*&ise8 ,7 proselyte & *attel synonymes1 9 ! ,div9e vocabul>y8 ,mu/ a man be sunk to a ?+ be=e tak5 into cov5ant ) ,god8 ,0 ?is ! /ipulat$ condition ( adoption1 & ! sole passport to ! communion ( ! sa9ts8 ,footnote ,a3 ,maimonides1 :o wrote 9 ,egypt ab\t sev5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 a contempor>y ) ,j>*i1 & :o /&s ) him at ! head ( ,jewi% writ]s1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony on ?is po9t3 ,:e!r a s]vant be born 9 ! p[] ( an ,israelite1 or :e!r he be pur*as$ f ! hea!n1 ! ma/] is to br+ !m bo? into ! cov5ant4 ,b he t is 9 ! h\se is ent]$ on ! eigh? day1 & he t is b\ght ) money1 on ! day on :i* 8 ma/] receives him1 unless ! slave be unwill+4 ,= if ! ma/] receive a gr[n slave1 & he be unwill+1 8 ma/] is to be> ) him1 to seek to w9 him ov] by in/ruction1 & by love & k9dness1 = "o ye>4 ,aft] :i*1 %\ld he refuse s long1 x is =bidd5 to keep him long] ?an a ye>4 ,& ! ma/] mu/ s5d him back to ! /rang]s f :5ce he came4 ,= ! ,god ( ,jacob w n accept any o!r ?an ! wor%ip ( a will+ he>t--,mamon1 ,hilco? ,mile?1 ,*ap4 #a/1 ,sec4 #h?4 ,! anci5t ,jewi% ,doctors ass]t t ! s]vant f ! ,/rang]s :o at ! close ( 8 probation>y ye>1 refus$ to adopt ! ,jewi% religion & 0 on t acc\nt s5t back to 8 own p1 receiv$ a full comp5sation = 8 s]vices1 besides ! paym5t ( 8 exp5ses4 ,b t po/ponem5t ( ! circumcision ( ! =eign s]vant = a ye> 7or ev5 at all aft] he _h ent]$ ! family ( an ,israelite71 ( :i* ! ,mi%nic doctors speak1 seems to h be5 a m]e usage4 ,we f9d no?+ ( x 9 ! regulations ( ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,circumcision 0 manife/ly a rite /rictly initiatory4 ,:e!r x 0 a rite m]ely national or spiritual1 or bo?1 comes n )9 ! scope ( ?is inquiry4 ,,ii4 ,we argue ! volunt>9ess ( s]vants f ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae1 #af1 ,?\ %alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant :i* is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto !e4 ,he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose1 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/2 ?\ %alt n oppress him4 ,z ?\gh ,god _h said1 ,to deliv] him up w\ld be to recognize ! "r ( ! ma/] to hold him2 8 flee+ %[s 8 *oice--proclaims 8 wrongs & 8 title to protection2 y %all n =ce him back & ?us recognize ! "r ( ! ma/] to hold him 9 su* a condition z induces him to flee to o!rs = protection4 ,x may be said t ?is comm& ref]r$ only to ! s]vants ( hea!n ma/]s 9 ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,we answ]1 ! t]ms ( ! comm& are unlimit$4 ,b ! objection1 if valid1 w\ld m]ely %ift ! pressure ( ! difficulty to ano!r po9t4 ,did ,god require !m to protect ! free *oice ( a s+le s]vant f ! hea!n1 & yet au?orize ! same p]sons1 to cru% ! free *oice ( ?\s&s ( s]vants f ! hea!n8 ,suppose a case4 ,a =eign s]vant flees to ! ,israelites2 ,god says1 ,he %all dwell ) !e1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose1 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/4 ,n[1 suppose ?is same s]vant1 in/ead ( com+ into ,israel ( 8 own accord1 _h be5 dragg$ 9 by "s kidnapp] :o b\ght him ( 8 ma/]1 & =c$ him into a condition aga9/ 8 w2 w\ld ,he :o =bade su* treatm5t ( ! /rang]1 :o volunt>ily came into ! l&1 sanction ! same treatm5t ( ! same p]son1 provid$ 9 addition to ?is la/ outrage1 ! previ\s "o _h be5 committ$ ( =c+ him into ! nation aga9/ 8 w8 ,to commit viol5ce on ! free *oice ( a =eign s]vant is =soo? a horrible enormity1 ,,provid$ y beg9 ! viol5ce aft] he has come among y4 ,b if y commit ! fir/ act on ! o!r side ( ! l9e2 if y beg9 ! outrage by buy+ him f a ?ird p]son aga9/ 8 w1 & !n te> him f home1 drag him across ! l9e into ! l& ( ,israel1 & hold him z a slave--ah6 t alt]s ! case1 & y may p]petrate ! viol5ce n[ ) impunity6 ,w\ld great] favor h be5 %[n to ?is new com] ?an to ! old resid5ts--^? :o _h be5 s]vants 9 ,jewi% families p]haps = a g5]ation8 ,7 ! ,israelites comm&$ to ex]cise t[>d him1 uncircumcis$ & out ( ! cov5ant1 a ju/ice & k9dness d5i$ to ! multitudes :o 7 circumcis$1 & )9 ! cov5ant8 ,b1 ! objector f9ds small ga9 to 8 argum5t on ! supposition t ! cov5ant respect$ m]ely ! fugitives f ! surr\nd+ nations1 :ile x left ! s]vants ( ! ,israelites 9 a condition aga9/ _! wills4 ,9 t case1 ! surr\nd+ nations w\ld adopt retaliatory measures1 & become s _m asylums = ,jewi% fugitives4 ,z ^! nations 7 n only on e side ( !m1 b 9 _! mid/1 su* a proclamation w\ld h be5 an effectual lure to m5 ^: condition 0 a con/ant c\nt]action ( w4 ,besides ! same comm& :i* protect$ ! s]vant f ! p[] ( 8 =eign ma/]1 protect$ him equally f ! p[] ( an ,israelite4 ,x 0 n1 ,?\ %alt n deliv] him unto 8 ma/]1 b he %all dwell ) !e1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/4 ,e ,israelite 0 =bidd5 to put him 9 any condition aga9/ 8 w4 ,:at 0 ?is b a proclamation1 t all :o *ose to live 9 ! l& & obey ! laws1 7 left to _! own free w1 to dispose ( _! s]vices at su* a rate1 to su* p]sons & 9 su* places z !y pleas$8 ,besides1 grant t ?is comm& prohibit$ ! s5d+ back ( =eign s]vants m]ely1 !re 0 no law requir+ ! return ( s]vants :o _h escap$ f ! ,israelites4 ,prop]ty lo/1 & cattle escap$1 !y 7 requir$ to return1 b n escap$ s]vants4 ,^! v]ses conta9 #a/1 a comm&1 ,?\ %all n deliv]1 c41 #b;d1 a decl>ation ( ! fugitive's "r ( free *oice1 & ( ,god's w t he %\ld ex]cise x at 8 own discretion2 & #c;d1 a comm& gu>d+ ?is "r1 namely1 ,?\ %alt n oppress him1 z ?\gh ,god _h said1 ,if y re/ra9 him f ex]cis+ 8 own *oice1 z to ! place & condition ( 8 resid5ce1 x is oppression4 ,,iii4 ,we argue ! volunt>9ess ( s]vants f _! peculi> opportunities & facilities = escape4 ,?ree times e ye>1 all ! males ov] twelve ye>s1 7 requir$ to att5d ! national fea/s4 ,!y 7 ?us abs5t f _! homes n less ?an ?ree weeks at ea* "t1 mak+ n9e weeks annually4 ,z ^! c>avans mov$ ov] ! c\ntry1 7 !re milit>y sc\ts l9+ ! way1 to int]cept des]t]s8--a corporal's gu>d at ea* pass ( ! m\nta9s1 s5t9els pac+ ! hill-tops1 & light horse sc\r+ ! defiles8 ,! ,israelites mu/ h _h "s safe contrivance = tak+ _! slaves ?ree times 9 a ye> to ,j]usalem & back4 ,:5 a body ( slaves is mov$ any di/ance 9 our republic1 !y are h&-cuff$ & *a9$ toge!r1 to keep !m f runn+ away1 or beat+ _! driv]s' bra9s out4 ,0 ?is ! ,mosaic plan1 or an improvem5t introduc$ by ,samuel1 or 0 x left = ! wisdom ( ,solomon8 ,! usage1 d\btless1 claims a pat]nity n less v5]able & biblical6 ,p]haps !y 7 la%$ ^u camels1 & transport$ 9 bundles1 or cag$ up1 & trundl$ on :eels to & fro1 & :ile at ! ,holy ,city1 lodg$ 9 jail = safe keep+1 ! ,sanh$rim appo9t+ special religi\s s]vices = _! b5efit1 & _! driv]s (ficiat+ at ,,oral in/ruction4 ,mean :ile1 :at became ( ! /urdy h&maids left at home8 ,:at h9d]$ !m f m>*+ (f 9 a body8 ,p]haps ! ,israeliti% matrons /ood s5try 9 rotation r\nd ! kit*5s1 :ile ! "y ladies sc\r$ ! c\ntry1 z m\nt$ rang]s1 pick+ up /raggl]s by day1 & patroll$ ! /reets1 keep+ a %>p look-out at night4 ,,iv4 ,_! cont9uance 9 ,jewi% families dep5d$ ^u ! p]=mance ( v>i\s rites necess>ily ,,volunt>y4 ,suppose ! s]vants f ! hea!n _h ^u ent]+ ,jewi% families1 refus$ circumcision2 if slaves1 h[ simple ! process ( emancipation6 ,_! refusal did ! job4 ,or1 suppose !y _h refus$ to att5d ! annual fea/s1 or _h eat5 unleav5$ bread dur+ ! ,passov]1 or comp\nd$ ! +r$i5ts ( ! ano9t+ oil1 !y w\ld h be5 cut (f f ! p2 excommunicat$4 ,v4 ,we inf] ! volunt>9ess ( ! s]vants ( ! ,patri>*s f ! impossibility ( _! hav+ be5 held aga9/ _! wills4 ,abraham's s]vants are an illu/ration4 ,at "o "t he _h ?ree hundr$ & eighte5 "y m5 born 9 8 h\se1 & _m m n born 9 8 h\se4 ,8 s]vants ( all ages1 7 probably ,,_m ,,?\s&s4 ,h[ ,abraham & ,s>ah contriv$ to hold fa/ s _m ?\s& s]vants aga9/ _! wills1 we are left q 9 ! d>k4 ,! mo/ natural supposition is t ! ,patri>* & 8 wife took turns 9 surr\nd+ !m6 ,! neighbor+ tribes1 in/ead ( con/itut+ a picket gu>d to hem 9 8 s]vants1 w\ld h be5 f> m likely to sweep !m & him into captivity1 z !y did ,lot & 8 h\sehold4 ,besides1 !re 0 nei!r ,con/itution nor compact1 to s5d back ,abraham's fugitives1 nor a truckl+ police to p\nce ^u !m1 nor g5tleman-kidnapp]s1 su+ = 8 patronage1 volunte]+ to h[l on _! track1 boa/+ _! blood-h\nd sc5t1 & pl$g+ _! honor to hunt d[n & deliv] up1 provid$ !y _h a description ( ! fle%-m>ks1 & 7 suitably /imulat$ by pieces ( silv]4 ,abraham seems also to h be5 sadly defici5t 9 all ! auxili>ies ( family gov]nm5t1 su* z /ocks1 h&-cuffs1 foot-*a9s1 yokes1 gags1 & ?umb-screws4 ,8 de/itution ( ^! patri>*al indisp5sables is ! m afflict+1 s9ce he fai?fully tra9$ 8 h\sehold to d ju/ice & judgm5t1 ?\gh s deplorably de/itute ( ! ne$ful aids4 ,,vi4 ,we inf] t s]vants 7 volunt>y1 z !re is no in/ance ( an ,israeliti% ma/] ,,sell+ a s]vant4 ,abraham _h ?\s&s ( s]vants1 b seems nev] to h sold "o4 ,isaac grew until he became v great1 & _h great /ore ( s]vants4 ,jacob's y\? 0 sp5t 9 ! family ( ,laban1 :]e he liv$ a s]vant tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,aft]w>d he _h a l>ge numb] ( s]vants4 ,joseph s5t = ,jacob to come into ,egypt1 ?\ & ?y *ildr51 & ?y *ildr5's *ildr51 & ?y flocks & ?y h]ds1 & ,,all ,,t ,,?\ ,,ha/4 ,jacob took 8 flocks & h]ds b no s]vants4 ,g5 xlv4 #aj2 xlvii4 #af4 ,!y d\btless1 s]v$ "u _! own contracts1 & :5 ,jacob w5t into ,egypt1 !y *ose to /ay 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,! gov]nm5t might sell ?ieves1 if !y _h no prop]ty1 until _! s]vices _h made good ! injury1 & paid ! legal f9e4 ,ex4 xxii4 #c4 ,b ma/]s seem to h _h no p[] to sell _! s]vants4 ,to give ! ma/] a "r to sell 8 s]vant1 w\ld annihilate ! s]vant's "r ( *oice 9 8 own disposal2 b says ! objector1 to give ! ma/] a "r to buy a s]vant1 equally annihilates ! s]vant's "r ( *oice4 ,answ]4 ,x is "o ?+ to h a "r to buy a man1 & a diff]5t ?+ to h a "r to buy him ( ano!r man,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,!re is no evid5ce t ma/]s _h ! p[] to dispose ev5 ! s]vices ( _! s]vants1 z m5 hire out _! labor]s :om !y employ by ! ye>2 b :e!r !y _h or n1 affects n ! argum5t4 ,?\gh s]vants 7 n b\ght ( _! ma/]s1 yet "y females 7 b\ght ( _! fa!rs4 ,b _! pur*ase z s]vants 0 _! betro?al z wives4 ,ex4 xxi4 #g1 #h4 ,if a man sell 8 daught] to be a maid-s]vant1 %e %all n g out z ! m5-s]vants d4 ,if %e please n h] ma/] ,,:o ,,ha? ,,betro!d ,,h] ,,to ,,himself1 he %all let h] be r$eem$4,b ,footnote ,b3 ,! comm5t ( ,maimonides on ?is passage is z foll[s3 ,a ,hebrew h&maid might n be sold b to "o :o laid himself "u obligations1 to esp\se h] to himself or to 8 son1 :5 %e 0 fit to be betro!d4--,maimonides--,hilco?--,ob$im1 ,*4 ,,iv4 ,sec4 ,,xi4 ,j>*i1 on ! same passage1 says1 ,he is b\nd to esp\se h] & take h] to be 8 wife1 = ! money ( h] pur*ase is ! money ( h] esp\sal4 ,,vii4 ,we inf] t ! ,hebrew s]vant 0 volunt>y 9 ,,comm5c+ 8 s]vice1 because he 0 pre-em95tly s ,,9 ,,cont9u+ x4 ,if1 at ! ye> ( release1 x 0 ! s]vant's *oice to rema9 ) 8 ma/]1 law requir$ 8 e> to be bor$ by ! judges ( ! l&1 ?us mak+ x impossible = him to be held aga9/ 8 w4 ,yea m1 8 ma/] 0 compell$ to keep him1 h[ev] mu* he might wi% to get rid ( him4 ,,viii4 ,! me?od prescrib$ = procur+ s]vants1 0 an appeal to _! *oice4 ,! ,israelites 7 comm&$ to (f] !m a suitable inducem5t1 & !n leave !m to decide4 ,!y might nei!r seize !m by =ce1 nor fright5 !m by ?reats1 nor :e$le !m by false pret5ces1 nor borr[ !m1 nor beg !m2 b !y 7 comm&$ to buy !m,a2 t is1 !y 7 to recognize ! "r ( ! individuals to dispose ( _! own s]vices1 & _! "r to refuse all (f]s1 & ?us oblige ^? :o made !m1 to d _! own "w4 ,suppose all1 ) "o accord1 _h refus$ to become s]vants1 :at provision did ! ,mosaic law make = su* an em]g5cy8 ,,none4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! case ( ?ieves1 ^: s]vices 7 sold until !y _h e>n$ en\gh to make re/itution to ! p]son wrong$1 & to pay ! legal p5alty1 /&s by itself1 & has no?+ to d ) ! condition ( s]vants4 ,,ix4 ,v>i\s incid5tal expressions corroborate ! idea t s]vants became su* by _! own contract4 ,job xli4 #d1 is an illu/ration1 ,w he 7,levia?an7 make a ,,cov5ant ) !e8 wilt ?\ take him = a ,,s]vant =ev]8 ,x4 ,! transaction :i* made ! ,egyptians ! ,,s]vants ,,( ,,ph>aoh 0 volunt>y ?r\gh\t4 ,see ,g54 xlvii4 #ah-bf4 ,( _! own accord !y came to ,joseph & said1 ,we h n aught left b our bodies & our l&s2 buy u2 !n 9 ! #be? v]se1 we w be s]vants to ,ph>aoh4 ,,xi4 ,we inf] ! volunt>9ess ( s]vants1 f ! fact t ,,ri* ,/rang]s did n become s]vants4 ,inde$1 s f> 7 !y f becom+ s]vants !mselves1 t !y b\ght & held ,jewi% s]vants4 ,lev4 xxv4 #dg4 ,,xii4 ,! sacrifices & (f]+s :i* ,,all 7 requir$ to pres5t1 7 to be made ,,volunt>ily4 ,lev4 i4 #b1 #c4 ,,xiii4 ,m5tion is (t5 made ( p]sons becom+ s]vants :]e !y 7 manife/ly & pre-em95tly ,,volunt>y4 ,z ! ,prophet ,eli%a4 #a ,k+s xix4 #ba2 #b ,k+s iii4 #aa4 ,elijah 0 8 ma/]4 ,! ^w1 translat$ ma/]1 is ! same t is s r5d]$ 9 almo/ e in/ance :]e ma/]s are spok5 ( "u ! ,mosaic & patri>*al sy/ems4 ,moses 0 ! s]vant ( ,je?ro4 ,ex4 iii4 #a4 ,jo%ua 0 ! s]vant ( ,moses4 ,num4 xi4 #bh4 ,jacob 0 ! s]vant ( ,laban4 ,g54 xxix4 #ah-bg4 ,,iv4--,,7 ,,! ,,s]vants ,,=c$ ,,to ,,"w ,,)\t ,,pay8 ,z ! s]vants became & cont9u$ su* ( _! own accord1 x w\ld be no small m>vel if !y *ose to "w )\t pay4 ,_! becom+ s]vants1 pre-supposes comp5sation z a motive4 ,t !y 7 paid = _! labor1 we argue1 ,i4 ,because ,god rebuk$ 9 ?und]1 ! s9 ( us+ ! labor ( o!rs )\t wages4 ,wo unto him t builde? 8 h\se by unrighte\sness1 & 8 *amb]s by wrong2 ,,t ,,use? ,,8 ,,neighbor',s ,,s]vice ,,)\t ,,wages1 & give? him n = 8 "w4 ,j]4 xxii4 #ac4 ,god "h te/ifies t to use ! s]vice ( o!rs )\t wages is unrighte\sness & pron\nces 8 wo aga9/ ! do] ( ! wrong4 ,! ,hebrew ^w ,rea1 translat$ neighbor1 does n mean "o man1 or class ( m51 9 di/9ction f o!rs1 b any "o ) :om we h to d--all descriptions ( p]sons1 ev5 ^? :o prosecute u 9 lawsuits & enemies :ile 9 ! act ( fight+ u--,z :5 a man rise? aga9/ 8 ,,neighbor & slaye? him4 ,deut4 xxii4 #bf4 ,g n =? ha/ily to /rive1 le/ ?\ "k n :at to d 9 ! end !re(1 :5 ?y ,,neighbor ha? put !e to %ame4 ,prov4 xxv4 #h4 ,?\ %alt n be> false witness aga9/ ?y ,,neighbor4 ,ex4 xx4 #af4 ,if any man come presumptu\sly ^u 8 ,,neighbor to slay him ) guile4 ,ex4 xxi4 #ad1 c4 ,,ii4 ,god te/ifies t 9 our duty to our fell[ m51 ,,all ,,! ,,law ,,& ,,! ,,prophets hang ^u ?is comm&1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,our ,savior1 9 giv+ ?is comm&1 quot$ v]batim "o ( ! laws ( ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,lev4 xix4 #ah4 ,9 ! #cd? v]se ( ! same *apt]1 ,moses applies ?is law to ! treatm5t ( ,/rang]s1 ,! /rang] t dwelle? ) y %all be unto y z "o born among y1 & ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,love ,,him ,,z ,,?yself4 ,if x be lov+ o!rs z ourselves1 to make !m "w = u )\t pay2 to rob !m ( food & clo?+ also1 w\ld be a /rong] illu/ration /ill ( ! law ( love6 ,sup]-dis9t]e/$ b5evol5ce6 ,& if x be do+ unto o!rs z we w\ld h !m d to u1 to make !m "w = our own good alone1 ,paul %\ld be call$ to ord] = 8 h>d say+ aga9/ human nature1 especially = t libell\s matt] 9 ,eph4 v4 #bi1 ,no man ev] yet hat$ 8 own fle%1 b n\ri%e? x & *]i%e? x4 ,,iii4 ,z p]sons became s]vants ,,f ,,pov]ty1 we argue t !y 7 comp5sat$1 s9ce !y frequ5tly own$ prop]ty1 & sometimes a l>ge am\nt4 ,ziba1 ! s]vant ( ,mephibo%e?1 gave ,david a pr9cely pres5t1 ,an hundr$ loaves ( bread1 & an hundr$ bun*es ( rais9s1 & an hundr$ ( summ] fruits1 & a bottle ( w9e4 #b ,sam4 xvi4 #a4 ,! ext5t ( 8 possessions c be inf]r$ f ! fact1 t ?\gh ! fa!r ( fifte5 sons1 he _h tw5ty s]vants4 ,9 ,lev4 xxv4 #eg-ei1 :]e a s]vant1 r$uc$ to pov]ty1 sold himself1 x is decl>$ t he may be r$eem$1 ei!r by 8 k9dr$1 or by ,,himself4 ,hav+ be5 =c$ to sell himself f pov]ty1 he mu/ h acquir$ consid]able prop]ty aft] he became a s]vant4 ,if x _h n be5 common = s]vants to acquire prop]ty ov] :i* !y _h ! control1 ! s]vant ( ,eli%a w\ld h>dly h v5tur$ to take a l>ge sum ( money1 7ne>ly #cjjj;,a7 f ,naaman1 #b ,k+s v4 #bb1 #bc4 ,z x 0 procur$ by deceit1 he wi%$ to conceal ! means us$ 9 gett+ x2 b if s]vants1 c\ld own no?+1 nor acquire any ?+1 to emb>k 9 su* an ent]prise w\ld h be5 consummate /upidity4 ,! fact ( hav+ 9 8 possession two tal5ts ( silv]1 w\ld ( itself convict him ( !ft,b4 ,b s9ce x 0 common = s]vants to own prop]ty he might h x1 & inve/ or use x1 )\t attract+ special att5tion1 & t consid]ation alone w\ld h be5 a /rong motive to ! act4 ,8 ma/]1 :ile rebuk+ him = us+ su* means to get ! money1 n only does n take x f him2 b seems to expect t he w\ld inve/ x 9 real e/ate1 & cattle1 & w\ld procure s]vants ) x4 #b ,k+s v4 #bf4 ,we f9d ! s]vant ( ,saul hav+ money1 & reliev+ 8 ma/] 9 an em]g5cy4 #a ,sam4 ix4 #h4 ,arza1 ! s]vant ( ,elah1 0 ! own] ( a h\se4 ,t x 0 some:at magnific5t1 w\ld be a natural inf]5ce f x's be+ a resort ( ! k+4 #a ,k+s xvi4 #i4 ,! case ( ! ,gibeonites1 :o aft] becom+ s]vants1 /ill occupi$ _! cities1 & rema9$ 9 _m respects1 a di/9ct p = c5turies2 & t ( ! #aej1jjj ,canaanites1 ! s]vants ( ,solomon1 :o work$ out _! tribute ( bond-s]vice 9 levies1 p]iodically reliev+ ea* o!r1 are additional illu/rations ( indep5d5ce 9 ! acquisition & own]%ip ( prop]ty4 ,footnote ,a3 ,?\gh we h n suffici5t data to decide ^u ! relative value ( t sum1 !n & n[1 yet we h en\gh to w>rant u 9 say+ t two tal5ts ( silv]1 _h f> m value !n ?an ?ree ?\s& doll>s h n[4 ,footnote ,b3 ,:oev] he>d ( ! slaves 9 our s\!rn /ates /eal+ a l>ge am\nt ( money8 ,!y "k h[ to take c>e ( !mselves q too well = t4 ,:5 !y /eal1 !y are c>eful to d x on su* a small scale1 or 9 ! tak+ ( su* ?+s z w make detection difficult4 ,no d\bt !y /eal n[ & !n a little1 & a gap+ m>vel w\ld x be if !y did n4 ,:y %\ld !y n foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( _! ma/]s & mi/resses8 ,dull s*ol>s inde$6 if1 aft] s _m lessons f pr(ici5ts 9 ! art1 :o drive ! bus9ess by :olesale1 !y %\ld n occasionally copy _! bett]s1 fall into ! fa%ion1 & try _! h& 9 a small way1 at a practice :i* is ! only p]man5t & univ]sal bus9ess c>ri$ on ar\nd !m6 ,ignoble truly6 nev] to feel ! /irr+s ( high impulse1 prompt+ to imitate ! em95t patt]n set be=e !m 9 ! daily vocation ( ,honorables & ,excell5ces1 & to emulate ! illu/ri\s examples ( ,doctors ( ,div9ity1 & ,"r & ,v ,rev]5ds6 ,he> ,presid5t ,jeff]son's te/imony4 ,9 8 ,notes on ,virg9ia1 pp4 #bjg-h1 speak+ ( slaves1 he says1 ,t disposition to !ft ) :i* !y h be5 br&$1 mu/ be ascrib$ to _! situation1 & n to any special depravity ( ! moral s5se4 ,x is a problem :i* ,i give ! ma/] to solve1 :e!r ! religi\s precepts aga9/ ! violation ( prop]ty 7 n fram$ = ,,him z well z = 8 slave--& :e!r ! slave may n z ju/ifiably take a little f "o :o has tak5 ,,all f him1 z he may slay "o :o w\ld slay him8 ,,iv4 ,heir%ip4--,s]vants frequ5tly inh]it$ _! ma/]'s prop]ty2 especially if he _h no sons1 or if !y _h di%onor$ ! family4 ,eliez]1 ! s]vant ( ,abraham2 ,ziba1 ! s]vant ( ,mephibo%e?1 ,j>ha ! s]vant ( ,%e%an1 & ! husb&m5 :o said ( _! ma/]'s son1 ?is is ! ,,heir1 let u kill him1 & ! ,,inh]itance ,,w ,,be ,,ours1 are illu/rations2 also ,prov4 xvii4 #b--;,a wise s]vant %all h rule ov] a son t cause? %ame1 & ,,%all ,,h ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,inh]itance ,,among ,,! ,,bre?r54 ,?is passage gives s]vants prec$5ce z heirs1 ev5 ov] ! wives & daught]s ( _! ma/]s4 ,did ma/]s hold by =ce1 & plund] ( e>n+s1 a class ( p]sons1 f :i*1 9 frequ5t cont+5cies1 !y select$ bo? heirs = _! prop]ty1 & husb&s = _! daught]s8 ,v4 ,,all 7 requir$ to pres5t (f]+s & sacrifices4 ,deut4 xvi4 #ae1 #ag1 #b ,*ron4 xv4 #i-aa4 ,numb4 ix4 #ac4 ,s]vants mu/ h _h p]man5tly1 ! means ( acquir+ prop]ty to meet ^! exp5ditures4 ,,vi4 ,^? ,hebrew s]vants :o w5t out at ! sev5? ye>1 7 provid$ by law ) a l>ge /ock ( provisions & cattle4 ,deut4 xv4 #aa-ad4 ,?\ %all furni% him lib]ally out ( ?y flock1 & out ( ?y fl\r1 & out ( ?y w9e press1 ( t :]e) ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? bless$ !e1 ?\ %all give him,a4 ,if x be said t ! s]vants f ! ,/rang]s did n receive a l b\ntiful supply1 we answ]1 nei!r did ! mo/ honorable class ( ,israeliti% s]vants1 ! free-hold]s2 & = ! same reason1 !y did n g out 9 ! sev5? ye>1 b cont9u$ until ! jubilee4 ,if ! fact t ! ,g5tile s]vants did n receive su* a gratuity proves t !y 7 robb$ ( _! e>n+s1 x proves t ! mo/ valu$ class ( ,hebrew s]vants 7 robb$ ( !irs also2 a conclusion too /ubborn = ev5 pro-slav]y ma/icators1 h[ev] unscrupul\s4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! comm5t ( ,maimonides on ?is passage is z foll[s--,?\ %alt furni% him lib]ally1 c4 ,t is to say1 ',load+1 ye %all load him1' likewise e "o ( 8 family1 ) z mu* z he c take ) him--abundant b5efits4 ,& if x be av>ici\sly ask$1 ,h[ mu* mu/ ,i give him8 ,i say unto y1 n less ?an ?irty %ekels1 :i* is ! valuation ( a s]vant1 z decl>$ 9 ,ex4 xxi4 #cb4--,maimonides1 ,hilco? ,ob$im1 ,*ap4 ii4 ,sec4 #c ,,vii4 ,! s]vants 7 ,,b\ght4 ,9 o!r words1 !y receiv$ comp5sation 9 advance4 ,hav+ %[n1 "u a previ\s head1 t s]vants sold !mselves1 & ( c\rse receiv$ ! comp5sation = !mselves1 except 9 cases :]e p>5ts hir$ out ! "t ( _! *ildr5 till !y became ( age,b1 a m]e ref]5ce to ! fact is all t is requir$ = ! purposes ( ?is argum5t4 ,footnote ,b3 ,among ! ,israelites1 girls became ( age at twelve1 & boys at ?irte5 ye>s4 ,,viii4 ,we f9d ma/]s at "o "t hav+ a l>ge numb] ( s]vants1 & aft]w>ds none1 )\t any intimation t !y 7 sold4 ,! wages ( s]vants w\ld enable !m to set up 9 bus9ess = !mselves4 ,jacob1 aft] be+ ,laban's s]vant = tw5ty-"o ye>s1 became ?us an indep5d5t h]dsman1 & 0 ! ma/] ( _m s]vants4 ,g54 xxx4 #dc1 xxxii4 #ae4 ,b all ^! s]vants _h left him be=e he w5t d[n into ,egypt1 hav+ d\btless acquir$ en\gh to comm5ce bus9ess = !mselves4 ,g54 xlv4 #aj1 #aa2 xlvi4 #a-g1 #cb4 ,,ix4 ,god's te/imony to ! "* ( ,abraham4 ,g54 xviii4 #ai4 ,= ,i "k him t he w comm& 8 *ildr5 & 8 h\sehold aft] him1 & !y %all keep1 ,,! ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,"l ,,to ,,d ,,ju/ice ,,& ,,judgem5t4 ,god "h te/ifies t ,abraham taught 8 s]vants ! way ( ! ,"l4 ,:at 0 ! way ( ! ,"l respect+ ! paym5t ( wages :]e s]vice 0 r5d]$8 ,wo unto him t use? 8 neighbor's s]vice ,,)\t ,,wages6 ,j]4 xxii4 #ac4 ,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is ,,j ,,& ,,equal4 ,col4 iv4 #a4 ,r5d] unto all _! ,,dues4 ,rom4 xiii4 #g4 ,! labor] is ,,wor?y ,,( ,,8 ,,hire4 ,luke x4 #g4 ,h[ did ,abraham tea* 8 s]vants to d ju/ice to o!rs8 ,by do+ inju/ice to !m8 ,did he exhort !m to r5d] to all _! dues by keep+ back _! own8 ,did he tea* !m t ! labor] 0 wor?y ( 8 hire by robb+ !m ( !irs8 ,did he beget 9 !m a rev]5ce = hone/y by pilf]+ all _! "t & labor8 ,did he tea* !m n to defraud o!rs 9 any matt] by d5y+ !m :at 0 j & equal8 ,if ea* ( ,abraham's pupils "u su* a cate*ism did n become a v ,ari/ides 9 ju/ice1 !n illu/ri\s examples1 patri>*al dignity1 & practical lessons1 c make b sl[ headway aga9/ human p]v]s5ess6 ,x4 ,specific precepts ( ! ,mosaic law en=c+ g5]al pr9ciples4 ,out ( _m1 we select ! foll[+3 7#a47 ,?\ %alt n muzzle ! ox t treade? out ! corn1 or lit]ally1 :ile he ?re%e?4 ,deut4 xxv4 #d4 ,"h is a g5]al pr9ciple appli$ to a famili> case4 ,! ox repres5t+ all dome/ic animals4 ,isa4 xxx4 #bd4 ,a p>ticul> k9d ( s]vice1 all k9ds2 & a law requir+ an abundant provision = ! wants ( an animal m9i/]+ to man 9 a c]ta9 way1--a g5]al pr9ciple ( treatm5t cov]+ all times1 modes1 & in/rum5talities ( s]vice4 ,! object ( ! law 02 n m]ely to enjo9 t5d]ness t[>ds brutes1 b to inculcate ! duty ( rew>d+ ^? :o s]ve u2 & if su* c>e be enjo9$1 by ,god1 bo? = ! ample su/5ance & pres5t enjoym5t ( a brute1 :at w\ld be a meet return = ! s]vices ( man8--,,man ) 8 v>i$ wants1 exalt$ nature & immortal de/9y6 ,paul says expressly1 t ?is pr9ciple lies at ! bottom ( ! /atute4 #a ,cor4 ix4 #i1 #aj1 ,= x is writt5 9 ! law ( ,moses1 ,?\ %alt n muzzle ! m\? ( ! ox t treade? out ! corn4 ,do? ,god take c>e = ox58 ,or sai? he x altoge!r = ,,our ,,sakes8 t he t pl[e? %\ld pl[ 9 ,,hope1 & t he t ?re%e? 9 hope %\ld be ,,p>tak] ,,( ,,8 ,,hope1 7#b47 ,if ?y bro!r be wax5 poor1 & fall5 9 decay ) !e1 !n ?\ %alt relieve him1 ,,yea1 ,,?\gh ,,he ,,be ,a ,,/rang] or a ,,soj\rn] t he may live ) !e4 ,take ?\ no usury ( him1 or increase1 b fe> ?y ,god4 ,?\ %alt n give him ?y money ^u usury1 nor l5d him ?y victuals = increase4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ce-cg4 ,n[1 we ask1 by :at process ( pro-slav]y leg]dema91 ?is regulation c be made to h>monize ) ! doctr9e ( ,,"w ,,)\t ,,pay8 ,did ,god decl>e ! poor /rang] entitl$ to ,,relief1 & 9 ! same brea?1 au?orize !m to use 8 s]vices )\t wages2 =ce him to "w & ,,rob ,,him ,,( ,,8 ,,e>n+s8 ,v4--,,7 ,,ma/]s ,,! ,,proprietors ,,( ,,s]vants ,,z ,,legal ,,prop]ty8 ,! discussion ( ?is topic has already be5 some:at anticipat$1 b a v>iety ( additional consid]ations rema9 to be notic$4 #a4 ,s]vants 7 n subject$ to ! uses nor liable to ! cont+5cies ( prop]ty4 7#a47 ,!y 7 nev] tak5 9 paym5t = _! ma/]s' debts1 ?\gh *ildr5 7 sometimes tak5 7)\t legal au?ority7 = ! debts ( a fa!r4 #b ,k+s iv4 #a2 ,job xxiv4 #i2 ,isa4 l41 #a2 ,matt4 xviii4 #be4 ,cr$itors took f debtors prop]ty ( all k9ds1 to satisfy _! dem&s4 ,job xxiv4 #c1 cattle are tak52 ,prov4 xxii4 #bg1 h\sehold furniture2 ,lev4 xxv4 #be-bh1 ! productions ( ! soil2 ,lev4 xxv4 #bg-cj1 h\ses2 ,ex4 xxii4 #bf-bi1 ,deut4 xxiv4 #aj-ac1 ,matt1 v4 #dj1 clo?+2 b s]vants 7 tak5 9 no in/ance4 7#b47 ,s]vants 7 nev] giv5 z pl$ges4 ,prop]ty ( all sorts 0 giv5 9 pl$ge4 ,we f9d h\sehold furniture1 clo?+1 cattle1 money1 signets1 & p]sonal ornam5ts1 ) div]s o!r articles ( prop]ty1 us$ z pl$ges = value receiv$2 b no s]vants4 7#c47 ,all lo/ ,,prop]ty 0 to be re/or$4 ,ox51 asses1 %eep1 raim5t1 & :atsoev] lo/ ?+s1 are specifi$--s]vants n4 ,deut4 xxii4 #ac4 ,besides1 ! ,israelites 7 =bidd5 to return ! runaway s]vant4 ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae4 7#d47 ,! ,israelites nev] gave away _! s]vants z pres5ts4 ,!y made co/ly pres5ts1 ( great v>iety4 ,l&s1 h\ses1 all k9ds ( animals1 m]*&ise1 family ut5sils1 preci\s metals1 gra91 armor1 c4 are among _! record$ gifts4 ,giv+ pres5ts to sup]iors & p]sons ( rank1 0 a /&+ usage4 #a ,sam4 x4 #bg2 #a ,sam4 xvi4 #bj2 #b ,*ron4 xvii4 #e4 ,abraham to ,abimele*1 ,g54 xxi4 #bg2 ,jacob to ! vic]oy ( ,egypt1 ,g54 xliii4 #aa2 ,joseph to 8 bre?r5 & fa!r1 ,g54 xlv4 #bb1 #bc2 ,b5hadad to ,eli%a1 #b ,k+s viii4 #h1 #i2 ,ahaz to ,tigla? ,pilez]1 #b ,k+s vi4 #h2 ,solomon to ! ,que5 ( ,%eba1 #a ,k+s x4 #ac2 ,j]oboam to ,ahijah1 #a ,k+s xiv4 #c2 ,asa to ,b5hadad1 #a ,k+s xv4 #ah1 #ai4 ,b no s]vants 7 giv5 z pres5ts--?\gh x 0 a prevail+ fa%ion 9 ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,g54 xii4 #af2 ,g54 xx4 #ad4 ,x may be object$ t ,laban ,,gave h&maids to 8 daught]s1 ,jacob's wives4 ,)\t enl>g+ on ! nature ( ! polygamy !n preval5t suffice x to say t ! h&maids ( wives 7 reg>d$ z wives1 ?\gh ( inf]ior dignity & au?ority4 ,t ,jacob s reg>d$ 8 h&maids1 is prov$ by 8 curse ^u ,reub51 ,g54 xlix4 #d1 & ,*ron4 v4 #a2 also by ! equality ( _! *ildr5 ) ^? ( ,ra*el & ,leah4 ,b _h x be5 o!rwise--_h ,laban giv5 !m z articles ( prop]ty1 !n1 inde$1 ! example ( ?is good old patri>* & slavehold]1 ,sa9t ,laban1 w\ld h be5 a =eclos] to all argum5t4 ,ah6 we rememb] 8 jeal\sy = religion--8 holy indignation :5 he f\nd t 8 ,,gods 7 /ol56 ,h[ he mu/]$ 8 clan1 & plung$ ov] ! des]t 9 hot pursuit1 sev5 days1 by =c$ m>*es2 h[ he ransack$ a :ole c>avan1 sift+ ! cont5ts ( e t5t1 little he$+ su* small matt]s z dome/ic privacy1 or female seclusion1 = lo6 ! zeal ( 8 ,,images _h eat5 him up6 ,no wond] t slav]y1 9 its ,bible-navigation1 drift+ dismantl$ be=e ! free gu/s1 %\ld scud "u ! lee ( su* a pi\s wor?y to haul up & refit3 invok+ 8 protection1 & ! b5$iction ( 8 ,,gods6 ,aga91 x may be object$ t1 s]vants 7 enum]at$ 9 inv5tories ( prop]ty4 ,if t proves s]vants prop]ty1 x proves wives prop]ty4 ,?\ %alt n covet ?y neighbor's h\se1 ?\ %alt n covet ?y neighbor's ,,wife1 nor 8 man-s]vant1 nor 8 maid-s]vant1 nor 8 ox1 nor 8 ass1 nor any ?+ t is ?y neighbor's4 ,ex4 xx4 #ag4 ,9 inv5tories ( m]e prop]ty if s]vants are includ$1 x is 9 su* a way1 z to %[ t !y are n reg>d$ z prop]ty4 ,see ,eccl4 ii4 #g1 #h4 ,b :5 ! design is to %[ n m]ely ! weal?1 b ! greatness ( any p]sonage1 s]vants are spok5 (1 z well z prop]ty4 ,9 a ^w1 if ri*es alone are spok5 (1 no m5tion is made ( s]vants2 if greatness1 s]vants & prop]ty4 ,g54 xiii4 #b4 ,& ,abraham 0 v ri* 9 cattle1 9 silv] & 9 gold4 ,s 9 ! fif? v]se1 ,& ,lot also _h flocks1 & h]ds1 & t5ts4 ,9 ! sev5? v]se s]vants are m5tion$1 ,& !re 0 a /rife betwe5 ! ,,h]dm5 ( ,abraham's cattle & ! ,,h]dm5 ( ,lot's cattle4 ,see also ,jo%4 xxii4 #h2 ,g54 xxxiv4 #bc2 ,job xlii4 #ab2 #b ,*ron4 xxi4 #c2 xxxii4 #bg-bi2 ,job i4 #c-e2 ,deut4 viii4 #ab-ag2 ,g54 xxiv4 #ce1 xxvi4 #ac1 xxx4 #dc4 ,jacobs's wives say to him1 ,all ! ri*es :i* ?\ ha/ tak5 f our fa!r t is ours & our *ildr5's4 ,!n foll[s an inv5tory ( prop]ty4 ,all 8 cattle1 all 8 goods1 ! cattle ( 8 gett+4 ,he _h a l>ge numb] ( s]vants at ! "t b !y are n includ$ ) 8 prop]ty4 ,comp4 ,g54 xxx4 #dc1 ) ,g54 xxxi4 #af-ah4 ,:5 he s5t mess5g]s to ,esau1 wi%+ to impress him ) an idea ( 8 /ate & sway1 he bade !m tell him n only ( 8 ,,ri*es1 b ( 8 ,,greatness2 t ,jacob _h ox51 & asses1 & flocks1 & m5-s]vants1 & maid-s]vants4 ,g54 xxxii4 #d1 #e4 ,yet 9 ! pres5t :i* he s5t1 !re 7 no s]vants2 ?\gh he seems to h s\ght z mu* v>iety z possible4 ,g54 xxxii4 #ad1 #ae2 see also ,g54 xxxvi4 #f1 #g2 ,g54 xxxiv4 #bc4 ,z flocks & h]ds 7 ! /aples ( weal?1 a l>ge numb] ( s]vants presuppos$ l>ge possessions ( cattle1 :i* w\ld require _m h]dsm54 ,:5 s]vants are spok5 ( 9 connection ) m]e prop]ty1 ! t]ms us$ to express ! latt] d n include ! =m]4 ,! ,hebrew ^w ,mikne1 is an illu/ration4 ,x is d]iv$ f ,kana1 to procure1 to buy1 & its mean+ is1 a possession1 weal?1 ri*es4 ,x occurs m ?an =ty times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & is appli$ always to m]e prop]ty1 g5]ally to dome/ic animals1 b nev] to s]vants4 ,9 "s in/ances1 s]vants are m5tion$ 9 di/9ction f ! ,mikne4 ,& ,abraham took ,s>ah 8 wife1 & ,lot 8 bro!r's son1 & all _! ,,sub/ance t !y _h ga!r$2 & ! s\ls t !y _h gott5 9 ,h>an1 & !y w5t =? to g into ! l& ( ,canaan4--,g54 xii4 #e4 ,_m w h x1 t ^! s\ls 7 a "p ( ,abraham's sub/ance 7not)/&+ ! pa9s "h tak5 to sep>ate !m f x7--t !y 7 slaves tak5 ) him 9 8 migration z a "p ( 8 family effects4 ,:o b slavehold]s1 ei!r actually or 9 he>t1 w\ld torture into ! pr9ciple & practice ( slav]y1 su* a h>mless phrase z ! s\ls t !y _h gott58 ,until ! slave trade brea!d its haze ^u ! vision ( ! *ur*1 & smote h] ) palsy & decay1 comm5tators saw no slav]y 91 ,! s\ls t !y _h gott54 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,onkelos,a x is r5d]$1 ,! s\ls :om !y _h br\ght to obey ! law 9 ,h>an4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an1 ,! s\ls :om !y _h made proselytes 9 ,h>an4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,j]usalem1 ,! s\ls proselyt$ 9 ,h>an4 ,j>*i1 ! pr9ce ( ,jewi% comm5tators1 ,! s\ls :om !y _h br\ght "u ! ,div9e w+s4 ,j]ome1 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs1 ,! p]sons :om !y _h proselyt$4 ,! ,p]sian v]sion1 ! ,vulgate1 ! ,syriac1 ! ,arabic1 & ! ,sam>itan all r5d] x1 ,all ! weal? :i* !y _h ga!r$1 & ! s\ls :i* !y _h made 9 ,h>an4 ,m5o*ius1 a comm5tator :o wrote be=e our pres5t translation ( ! ,bible1 r5d]s x1 ,quas de idolatr>ia conv]t]ant4 ,^? :om !y _h conv]t$ f idolatry4--,paulus ,fagius,b4 ,quas in/itu]ant 9 religione4 ,^? :om !y _h e/abli%$ 9 religion4 ,luke ,francke1 a ,g]man comm5tator :o liv$ two c5turies ago4 ,quas legi subjic]ant--,^? :om !y _h br\ght to obey ! law4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,t>gums are ,*aldee p>aphrases ( p>ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,onkelas is1 = ! mo/ "p1 a v accurate & fai?ful translation ( ! orig9al1 & 0 probably made at ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an ,b5 ,uzziel1 be>s ab\t ! same date4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,j]usalem 0 probably ab\t five hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,! ,israelites1 dur+ _! captivity 9 ,babylon1 lo/1 z a body1 _! own language4 ,^! translations into ! ,*aldee1 ! language :i* !y acquir$ 9 ,babylon1 7 ?us call$ = by ! necessity ( ! case4 ,footnote ,b3 ,?is em95t ,hebrew s*ol> 0 invit$ to ,engl& to sup]9t5d ! translation ( ! ,bible into ,engli%1 "u ! patronage ( ,h5ry ! ,eigh?4 ,he _h h>dly comm5c$ ! "w :5 he di$4 ,?is 0 ne>ly a c5tury be=e ! date ( our pres5t translation4 ,,ii4 ,! condition & treatm5t ( s]vants make ! doctr9e t !y 7 m]e ,,commodities1 an absurdity4 ,/4 ,paul's te/imony 9 ,gal4 iv4 #a1 %[s ! condition ( s]vants3 ,n[ ,i say unto y1 t ! heir1 s long z he is a *ild1 ,,diff]e? ,,no?+ ,,f ,a ,,s]vant1 ?\gh he be "l ( all4 ,t ,abraham's s]vants 7 volunt>y1 t _! int]e/s 7 id5tifi$ ) ^? ( _! ma/]'s family1 & t ! utmo/ confid5ce 0 repos$ 9 !m1 is %[n 9 _! be+ arm$4--,g54 xiv4 #ad1 #ae4 ,:5 ,abraham's s]vant w5t to ,padan>am1 ! "y ,pr9cess ,rebecca did n disda9 to say to him1 ,dr9k1 ,,my ,,"l1 z %e ha/$ & let d[n h] pit*] ^u h] h&1 & gave him dr9k4 ,laban1 ! bro!r ( ,rebecca1 ungird$ 8 camels1 & br\ght him wat] to wa% 8 feet & ! m5's feet t 7 ) him6 ,9 #a ,sam4 ix4 is an acc\nt ( a fe/ival 9 ! city ( ,zuph1 at :i* ,samuel presid$4 ,none b ^? bidd51 sat d[n at ! fea/1 & only ab\t ?irty p]sons 7 invit$4 ,q a select p>ty6--! elite ( ! city4 ,saul & 8 s]vant _h j arriv$ at ,zuph1 & bo? ( !m1 at ,samuel's solicitation1 accompany him z invit$ gue/s4 ,& ,samuel took ,saul & 8 ,,s]vant1 & br\ght ,,!m into ! ,,p>lor767 & made ,,!m sit 9 ! ,,*iefe/ ,,seats among ^? t 7 bidd54 ,a s]vant invit$ by ! *ief judge1 rul]1 & prophet 9 ,israel1 to d9e publicly ) a select p>ty1 9 company ) 8 ma/]1 :o 0 at ! same "t ano9t$ ,k+ ( ,israel6 & ?is s]vant introduc$ by ,samuel into ! ,,p>lor1 & assign$1 ) 8 ma/]1 to ! *iefe/ seat at ! table6 ,?is 0 "o ( ! s]vants ( ,ki%1 ,saul's fa!r2 n ! /ew>d or ! *ief ( !m--n at all a pick$ man1 b "o ( ! s]vants2 any "o t c\ld be mo/ easily sp>$1 z no end[m5ts specially r>e w\ld be likely to f9d scope 9 look+ aft] asses4 ,aga93 we f9d ,elah1 ! ,k+ ( ,israel1 at a fe/ive ent]ta9m5t1 9 ! h\se ( ,arza1 8 /ew>d1 or head s]vant1 ) :om he seems to h be5 on t]ms ( famili>ity4--#a ,k+s xvi4 #h1 #i4 ,see also ! int]c\rse betwe5 ,gideon & 8 s]vant4--,judg4 vii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,jona?an & 8 s]vant4--#a ,sam4 xiv4 #a-ad4 ,eli%a & 8 s]vant4--#b ,k+s iv4 v4 vi4 ,,iii4 ,! case ( ! ,gibeonites4 ,! condition ( ! inhabitants ( ,gibeon1 ,*ephirah1 ,be]o?1 & ,kirja?je>im1 "u ! ,hebrew commonweal?1 is quot$ 9 triumph by ! advocates ( slav]y2 & truly !y are "r welcome to all ! crumbs t c be glean$ f x4 ,milton's devils made desp]ate snat*es at fruit t turn$ to a%es on _! lips4 ,! _s ( slav]y raves "u torm5t+ gnaw+s1 & ca/s ab\t 9 bl9d phr5zy = some?+ to ease1 or ev5 to mock !m4 ,b = ?is1 x w\ld nev] h clut*$ at ! ,gibeonites1 = ev5 ! incantations ( ! demon cauldron1 c\ld n extract f _! case en\gh to tantalize />vation's self4 ,b to ! "q4 ,:at 0 ! condition ( ! ,gibeonites "u ! ,israelites8 7#a47 ,x 0 volunt>y4 ,_! own proposition to ,jo%ua 0 to become s]vants4 ,jo%4 ix4 #h1 #aa4 ,x 0 accept$1 b ! k9d ( s]vice :i* !y %\ld p]=m1 0 n specifi$ until _! gross imposition came to light2 !y 7 !n assign$ to m5ial (fices 9 ! ,tab]nacle4 7#b47 ,!y 7 n dome/ic s]vants 9 ! families ( ! ,israelites4 ,!y /ill resid$ 9 _! own cities1 cultivat$ _! own fields1 t5d$ _! flocks & h]ds1 & ex]cis$ ! functions ( a di/9ct1 ?\gh n indep5d5t community4 ,!y 7 subject to ! ,jewi% nation z tribut>ies4 ,s f> f be+ di/ribut$ among ! ,israelites1 & _! int]nal organization z a di/9ct p aboli%$1 !y rema9$ a sep>ate1 &1 9 "s respects1 an indep5d5t community = _m c5turies4 ,:5 attack$ by ! ,amorites1 !y appli$ to ! ,israelites z conf$]ates = aid--x 0 r5d]$1 _! enemies r\t$1 & !mselves left unmole/$ 9 _! cities4 ,jo%4 x4 #f-ah4 ,long aft]w>ds1 ,saul slew "s ( !m1 & ,god s5t ^u ,israel a ?ree ye>s' fam9e = x4 ,david inquir$ ( ! ,gibeonites1 ,:at %all ,i d = y1 & :]e) %all ,i make ! atonem5t8 ,at _! dem&1 he deliv]$ up to !m1 sev5 ( ,saul's desc5dants4 #b ,sam4 xxi4 #a-i4 ,! :ole transaction 0 a =mal recognition ( ! ,gibeonites z a di/9ct p4 ,!re is no intimation t !y s]v$ families1 or individuals ( ! ,israelites1 b only ! h\se ( ,god1 or ! ,tab]nacle4 ,?is 0 e/abli%$ fir/ at ,gilgal1 a day's j\rney f _! cities2 & !n at ,%iloh1 ne>ly two day's j\rney f !m2 :]e x cont9u$ ab\t #cej ye>s4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 ! ,gibeonites inhabit$ _! anci5t cities & t]ritory4 ,only a few1 comp>atively1 c\ld h be5 abs5t at any "o "t 9 att5dance on ! ,tab]nacle4 ,:]ev] allusion is made to !m 9 ! hi/ory1 ! ma9 body are spok5 ( z at home4 ,x is prepo/]\s to suppose t all ! inhabitants ( ^! f\r cities c\ld f9d employm5t at ! ,tab]nacle4 ,"o ( !m 0 a great city1 z "o ( ! royal cities2 s l>ge1 t a conf$]acy ( five k+s1 app>5tly ! mo/ p[]ful 9 ! l&1 0 deem$ necess>y = its de/ruction4 ,x is probable t ! m5 7 divid$ into classes1 m9i/]+ 9 rotation--ea* class a few days or weeks at a "t4 ,?is s]vice 0 _! national tribute to ! ,israelites1 = ! privilege ( resid5ce & protection "u _! gov]nm5t4 ,no s]vice seems to h be5 requir$ ( ! females4 ,z ^! ,gibeonites 7 ,canaanites1 & z !y _h greatly exasp]at$ ! ,israelites by impud5t imposition1 & ly+1 we might assur$ly expect t !y w\ld r$uce !m to ! condition ( *attels if !re 0 any case 9 :i* ,god p]mitt$ !m to d s4 ,,iv4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,mosaic sy/em1 ,god w>ns ! ,israelites aga9/ hold+ _! s]vants 9 su* a condition z !y 7 held 9 by ! ,egyptians4 ,h[ (t5 are !y po9t$ back to ! gr9d+s ( _! prison-h\se6 ,:at motives to ! ex]cise ( ju/ice & k9dness t[>ds _! s]vants1 are held out to _! fe>s 9 ?reat5$ judgm5ts2 to _! hopes 9 promis$ good2 & to all )9 !m t c\ld feel2 by ^? (t repeat$ words ( t5d]ness & t]ror6 ,= ye 7 bondm5 9 ! l& ( ,egypt--wak+ anew ! memory ( te>s & angui%1 & ( ! wra? t av5g$ !m4 ,god's d5unciations aga9/ ! bondage ( ,egypt make x incumb5t on u to asc]ta91 ( :at rights ! ,israelites 7 plund]$1 & :at !y reta9$4 ,,egyptian ,,bondage ,,analyz$4 7#a47 ,! ,israelites 7 n disp]s$ among ! families ( ,egypt,a1 b =m$ a sep>ate community4 ,g54 xlvi4 #ce4 ,ex4 viii4 #bb1 #bd2 ix4 #bf2 x4 #bc2 xi4 #g2 ii4 #i2 xvi4 #bb2 xvii4 #e4 7#b47 ,!y _h ! exclusive possession ( ! l& ( ,go%5,b4 ,g54 xlv4 #ah2 xlvii4 #f1 #aa1 #bg4 ,ex4 xii4 #d1 #ai1 #bb1 #bc1 #bg4 7#c47 ,!y liv$ 9 p]man5t dwell+s4 ,^! 7 h\ses1 n t5ts4 ,9 ,ex4 xii4 #f1 #bb1 ! two side po/s1 & ! upp] door po/s1 & ! l9tel ( ! h\ses are m5tion$4 ,ea* family seems to h occupi$ a h\se by itself1--,acts vii4 #bj4 ,ex4 xii4 #d--;& judg+ f ! regulation ab\t ! eat+ ( ! ,passov]1 !y c\ld h>dly h be5 small ones1 ,ex4 xii4 #d1 probably conta9$ sep>ate ap>tm5ts1 & places = concealm5t4 ,ex4 ii4 #b1 #c2 ,acts vii4 #bj4 ,!y appe> to h be5 well app>ell$4 ,ex4 xii4 #aa4 ,to h _! own burial gr\nds4 ,ex4 xiii4 #ai1 & xiv4 #aa4 7#d47 ,!y own$ a mix$ multitude ( flocks & h]ds1 & v mu* cattle4 ,ex4 xii4 #cb1 #cg1 #ch4 7#e47 ,!y _h _! own =m ( gov]nm5t1 & pres]v$ _! tribe & family divisions1 & _! int]nal organization ?r\gh\t1 ?\gh /ill a prov9ce ( ,egypt1 & tribut>y to x4 ,ex4 ii4 #a2 xii4 #ai1 #ba2 vi4 #ad1 #be2 v4 #ai2 iii4 #af1 #ah4 7#f47 ,!y seem to h _h 9 a consid]able measure1 ! disposal ( _! own "t1--,ex4 xxiii4 #d2 iii4 #af1 #ah1 xii4 #f2 ii4 #i2 & iv4 #bg1 #bi-ca4 ,& to h practic$ ! f9e arts4 ,ex4 xxxii4 #d2 xxxv4 #bb-ce4 7#g47 ,!y 7 all arm$4 ,ex4 xxxii4 #bg4 7#h47 ,!y held _! possessions indep5d5tly1 & ! ,egyptians seem to h reg>d$ !m z inviolable4 ,no intimation is giv5 t ! ,egyptians dispossess$ !m ( _! habitations1 or took away _! flocks1 or h]ds1 or crops1 or implem5ts ( agriculture1 or any article ( prop]ty4 7#i47 ,all ! females seem to h kn[n some?+ ( dome/ic ref9em5ts2 !y 7 famili> ) in/rum5ts ( music1 & skill$ 9 ! work+ ( f9e fabrics4 ,ex4 xv4 #bj2 xxxv4 #be1 #bf4 7#aj47 ,s]vice seems to h be5 exact$ f none b adult males4 ,no?+ is said f :i* ! bond s]vice ( females c\ld he inf]r$2 ! hid+ ( ,moses ?ree mon?s by 8 "m1 & ! paym5t ( wages to h] by ,ph>aoh's daught]1 g aga9/ su* a supposition4 ,ex4 ii4 #bi4 7#aa47 ,s f> f be+ f$ ^u a giv5 all[ance1 _! food 0 abundant1 & ( great v>iety4 ,!y sat by ! fle%-pots1 & did eat bread to ! full4 ,ex4 xvi4 #c2 xxiv4 #a2 xvii4 #e2 iv4 #bi2 vi4 #ad2 !y did eat fi% freely1 & cucumb]s1 & melons1 & leeks1 & onions1 & g>lic4 ,num4 xi4 #d1 #e2 x4 #ah2 xx4 #e4 7#ab47 ,! great body ( ! p 7 n 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,egyptians4 7a47 ,! ext5t & v>iety ( _! own possessions1 toge!r ) su* a cultivation ( _! crops z w\ld provide !m ) bread1 & su* c>e ( _! imm5se flocks & h]ds1 z w\ld secure _! pr(itable increase1 mu/ h furni%$ con/ant employm5t = ! ma9 body ( ! nation4 7b47 ,dur+ ! plague ( d>kness1 ,god in=ms u t ,,all ! *ildr5 ( ,israel _h light 9 _! dwell+s4 ,we inf] t !y 7 !re to enjoy x4 7c47 ,x seems improbable t ! mak+ ( brick1 ! only s]vice nam$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( _! soj\rn 9 ,egypt1 c\ld h furni%$ p]man5t employm5t = ! bulk ( ! nation4 ,see also ,ex4 iv4 #bi-ca4 ,besides1 :5 ,ea/]n nations employ$ tribut>ies1 x 0 z n[1 9 ! use ( ! levy1 requir+ !m to furni% a giv5 quota1 draft$ (f p]iodically1 s t comp>atively b a small portion ( ! nation w\ld be abs5t at any "o "t4 ,probably "o-fif? "p ( ! proce$s ( _! labor 0 requir$ ( ! ,israelites 9 common ) ! ,egyptians4 ,g54 xlvii4 #bd1 #bf4 ,in/ead ( tak+ x f _! crops1 7,go%5 be+ bett] = pa/urage7 !y exact$ x ( !m 9 brick mak+2 & x is q probable t labor 0 exact$ only f ! poor] ,israelites1 ! weal?y be+ able to pay _! tribute 9 money4 ,ex4 iv4 #bg-ca4 ,contra/ ?is bondage ( ,egypt ) ,am]ican slav]y4 ,h our slaves v mu* cattle1 & a mix$ multitude ( flocks & h]ds8 ,d !y live 9 commodi\s h\ses ( _! own1 sit by ! fle%-pots1 eat fi% freely1 & eat bread to ! full8 ,d !y live 9 a sep>ate community1 9 _! di/9ct tribes1 "u _! own rul]s1 9 ! exclusive occupation ( an ext5sive tract ( c\ntry = ! culture ( _! crops1 & = re>+ imm5se h]ds ( _! own cattle--& all ^! held inviolable by _! ma/]s8 ,are our female slaves free f exactions ( labor & liabilities ( outrage8 or :5 employ$1 are !y paid wages1 z 0 ! ,israeliti% woman by ! k+'s daught]8 ,h !y ! disposal ( _! own "t & ! means = cultivat+ social ref9em5ts1 = practis+ ! f9e arts1 & = p]sonal improvem5t8 ,,! ,,israelites ,,"u ,,! ,,bondage ,,( ,,egypt1 ,,enjoy$ ,,all ,,^! ,,rights ,,& ,,privileges4 ,true1 all ! s]vice :]e9 !y made !m s]ve 0 ) rigor4 ,b :at 0 ?is :5 comp>$ ) ! incessant toil ( ,am]ican slaves1 ! robb]y ( all _! "t & e>n+s1 & ev5 ! p[] to own any ?+1 or acquire any ?+8 a qu>t ( corn a-day1 ! legal all[ance ( food,c6 _! only clo?+ = "o half ! ye>1 "o %irt & "o pair ( pantaloons,d6 two h\rs & a half only1 = re/ & refre%m5t 9 ! tw5ty-f\r,e6--_! dwell+s1 hovels1 unfit = human resid5ce1 ) b "o ap>tm5t1 :]e bo? sexes & all ages h]d promiscu\sly at night1 l ! bea/s ( ! field4 ,add to ?is1 ! ignorance1 & degradation2 ! daily sund]+ ( k9dr$1 ! revelries ( lu/1 ! lac]ations & baptisms ( blood1 sanction$ by law1 & patroniz$ by public s5tim5t4 ,:at 0 ! bondage ( ,egypt :5 comp>$ ) ?is8 ,& yet = h] oppression ( ! poor1 ,god smote h] ) plagues1 & trampl$ h] z ! mire1 till %e pass$ away 9 8 wra?1 & ! place t knew h] 9 h] pride1 knew h] no m4 ,ah6 ,i h se5 ! afflictions ( my p1 & ,i h he>d _! groan+s1 & am come d[n to deliv] !m4 ,,he ,,did ,,come1 & ,egypt sank a ru9\s heap1 & h] blood clos$ ov] h]4 ,if su* 0 ,god's retribution = ! oppression ( hea!n ,egypt1 ( h[ mu* sor] puni%m5t %all a ,*ri/ian p be ?\ght wor?y1 :o cloak ) religion a sy/em1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! bondage ( ,egypt dw9dles to no?+8 ,let ^? believe :o c t ,god commission$ 8 p to rob o!rs ( all _! rights1 :ile he d5\nc$ aga9/ !m wra? to ! utt]mo/1 if !y practis$ ! f> light] oppression ( ,egypt--:i* robb$ x's victims ( only ! lea/ & *eape/ ( _! rights1 & left ! females unplund]$ ev5 ( ^!4 ,:at6 ,is ,god divid$ aga9/ himself8 ,:5 ,he _h j turn$ ,egypt into a fun]al pile2 :ile 8 curse yet blaz$ ^u h] unburi$ dead1 & 8 bolts /ill hiss$ amid/ h] slaught]1 & ! smoke ( h] torm5t w5t upw>ds because %e _h ,,robb$ ,,! ,,poor1 did ,he lic5se ! victims ( robb]y to rob ! poor ( ,,all8 ,z ,lawgiv] did he create a sy/em t5fold m gr9d+ ?an t = :i* he _h j hurl$ ,ph>aoh headlong1 & ov]:elm$ 8 pr9ces1 & 8 ho/s1 till hell 0 mov$ to meet !m at _! com+8 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,egyptians evid5tly _h dome/ic s]vants liv+ 9 _! families2 ^! may h be5 slaves2 allusion is made to !m 9 ,ex4 ix4 #ad1 #bj1 #ba4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! l& ( ,go%5 0 a l>ge tract ( c\ntry1 ea/ ( ! ,pelusian arm ( ! ,nile1 & betwe5 x & ! head ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ! l[] bord] ( ,pale/9e4 ,! probable c5tre ( t portion1 occupi$ by ! ,israelites1 c\ld h>dly h be5 less ?an sixty miles f ! city4 ,! bord] ( ,go%5 ne>e/ to ,egypt mu/ h be5 _m miles di/ant4 ,see ,exodus ( ! ,israelites out ( ,egypt1 an able article by ,pr(essor ,rob9son1 9 ! ,biblical ,repository = ,octob]1 #ahcb4 ,footnote ,c3 ,law ( ,n4,c4 ,haywood's ,manual #ebd-e4 ,footnote ,d3 ,law ( ,la4 ,m>t9's ,dige/1 #faj4 ,footnote ,e3 ,law ( ,la4 ,act ( ,july #g1 #ahjf4 ,m>t9's ,dige/1 #faj-ab4 ,we n[ proce$ to exam9e v>i\s objections :i* w d\btless be set 9 array aga9/ all ! =ego+ conclusions4 ,,objections ,,consid]$4 ,! advocates ( slav]y f9d !mselves at _! wits end 9 press+ ! ,bible into _! s]vice4 ,e movem5t %[s !m h>d-pu%$4 ,_! ev]-v>y+ %ifts1 _! =c$ con/ructions1 & bl9d guesswork1 proclaim bo? _! cause desp]ate1 & !mselves4 ,! ,bible def5ces ?r[n ar\nd slav]y by pr(ess$ m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 d s torture common s5se1 ,scripture1 & hi/orical facts x 7 h>d to tell :e!r absurdity1 fatuity1 ignorance1 or blasphemy1 pr$om9ates 9 ! comp\nd2 ea* /rives s lu/ily = ! ma/]y x may be set d[n a drawn battle4 ,h[ (t5 has x be5 bruit$ t ! color ( ! negro is ! ,ca9-m>k1 propagat$ d[nw>d4 ,ca9's po/]ity />t$ an opposition to ! ark1 =soo?1 & rode out ! flood ) fly+ /ream]s6 ,:y %\ld n a miracle be wr\ght to po9t su* an argum5t1 & fill out = slavehold]s a ,div9e title-de$1 v9dicat+ ! ways ( ,god to man8 ,,objection #a4 ,curs$ be ,canaan1 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8 bre?r54 ,g54 ix4 #be4 ,?is prophecy ( ,noah is ! vade mecum ( slavehold]s1 & !y nev] v5ture abroad )\t x2 x is a pocket-piece = sudd5 occasion1 a keepsake to dote ov]1 a *>m to spell-b9d opposition1 & a magnet to draw ar\nd _! /&>d :atsoev] worke? abom9ation or make? a lie4 ,b curs$ be ,canaan is a poor drug to ease a ?robb+ consci5ce--a mock+ lullaby1 to unquiet toss+s1 & va9ly cry+ ,peace be /ill1 :]e ,god wakes w>1 & breaks 8 ?und]s4 ,^? :o ju/ify negro slav]y by ! curse ( ,canaan1 assume all ! po9ts 9 debate4 7#a47 ,t slav]y 0 prophesi$ r ?an m]e s]vice to o!rs1 & individual bondage r ?an national subjection & tribute4 7#b47 ,t ! pr$iction ( crime ju/ifies x2 at lea/ absolv+ ^? ^: crimes fulfill x1 if n trans=m+ ! crimes into virtues4 ,h[ pi\sly ! ,ph>oahs might h quot$ ! prophecy ,?y se$ %all be a /rang] 9 a l& t is n !irs1 & !y %all afflict !re f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,& !n1 :at sa9ts 7 ^? t crucifi$ ! ,"l ( glory6 7#c47 ,t ! ,africans are desc5d$ f ,canaan4 ,:]eas ,africa 0 peopl$ f ,egypt & ,e?iopia1 & !y 7 settl$ by ,mizraim & ,cu%4 ,= ! location & b\nd>ies ( ,canaan's po/]ity1 see ,g54 x4 #ae-ai4 ,s a prophecy ( evil to "o p1 is quot$ to ju/ify its infliction ^u ano!r4 ,p]haps x may be argu$ t ,canaan includes all ,ham's po/]ity4 ,if s1 ! prophecy is yet unfulfill$4 ,! o!r sons ( ,ham settl$ ,egypt & ,assyria1 &1 conjo9tly ) ,%em1 ,p]sia1 & aft]w>d1 to "s ext5t1 ! ,grecian & ,roman empires4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! nations gives no v]ification ( ! prophecy4 ,:]eas1 ! hi/ory ( ,canaan's desc5dants = m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 records its fulfilm5t4 ,fir/1 !y 7 put to tribute by ! ,israelites2 !n by ! ,m$es & ,p]sians2 !n by ! ,mac$onians1 ,grecians & ,romans1 successively2 & f9ally1 7 subject$ by ! ,ottoman dyna/y1 :]e !y yet rema94 ,?us ,canaan has be5 = ages ! s]vant ma9ly ( ,%em & ,japhet1 & second>ily ( ! o!r sons ( ,ham4 ,x may /ill be object$1 t ?\gh ,canaan alone is nam$ 9 ! curse1 yet ! #bc;d & #bd? v]ses %[ ! po/]ity ( ,ham 9 g5]al to be meant4 ,& ,ham1 ! fa!r ( ,canaan1 saw ! nak$ness ( 8 fa!r1 & told 8 two bre?r5 )\t4 ,& ,noah awoke f 8 w9e1 & knew :at 8 ,,y\ng] son _h done unto him1 & said1 c4 ,x is argu$ t ?is y\ng] son c n be ,canaan1 z he 0 ! gr&son ( ,noah1 & !re=e x mu/ be ,ham4 ,we answ]1 :oev] t y\ng] son 01 ,canaan alone 0 nam$ 9 ! curse4 ,besides1 ! ,hebrew ^w ,b51 signifies son1 gr&son1 or any ( "o ! po/]ity ( an individual4 ,"k ye ,laban ! ,,son ( ,nahor8 ,laban 0 ! gr&son ( ,nahor4 ,g54 xxix4 #e4 ,mephibo%e? ! ,,son ( ,saul4 #b ,sam4 xix4 #bd4 ,mephibo%e? 0 ! gr&son ( ,saul4 #b ,sam4 ix4 #f4 ,!re is a ,,son born to ,naomi4 ,ru? iv4 #ag4 ,?is 0 ! son ( ,ru?1 ! daught]-9-law ( ,naomi4 ,let sev5 m5 ( 8 7,saul's7 ,,sons be deliv]$ unto u4 #b ,sam4 xxi4 #f4 ,sev5 ( ,saul's gr&sons 7 deliv]$ up4 ,laban rose up & kiss$ 8 ,,sons4 ,g54 xxi4 #ee4 ,^! 7 8 gr&sons4 ,! driv+ ( ,jehu ! ,,son ( ,nim%i4 #b ,k+s ix4 #bj4 ,jehu 0 ! gr&son ( ,nim%i4 ,%all we =bid ! inspir$ writ] to use ! same ^w :5 speak+ ( ,noah's gr&son8 ,fur!r2 ,ham 0 n ! y\ng] son4 ,! ord] ( enum]ation makes him ! second son4 ,if x be said t ,bible usage v>ies1 ! ord] ( bir? n always be+ obs]v$ 9 enum]ations1 ! reply is1 t1 enum]ation 9 t ord] is ! rule1 9 any o!r ord] ! exception4 ,besides1 if a y\ng] memb] ( a family1 takes prec$5ce ( old] ones 9 ! family record1 x is a m>k ( pre-em95ce1 ei!r 9 end[m5ts1 or provid5tial in/rum5tality4 ,abraham1 ?\gh sixty ye>s y\ng] ?an 8 elde/ bro!r1 /&s fir/ 9 ! family g5ealogy4 ,no?+ 9 ,ham's hi/ory %[s him pre-em95t2 besides1 ! ,hebrew ^w ,hakkatan r5d]$ ! y\ng]1 means ! little1 small4 ,! same ^w is us$ 9 ,isa4 xl4 #bb4 ,a ,,little ,,"o %all become a ?\s&4 ,isa4 xxii4 #bd4 ,all vessels ( ,,small quantity4 ,ps4 cxv4 #ac4 ,he w bless !m t fe> ! ,"l bo? ,,small & great4 ,ex4 xviii4 #bb4 ,b e ,,small matt] !y %all judge4 ,x w\ld be a lit]al r5d]+ ( ,g54 ix4 #bd1 if x 7 translat$ ?us4 ,:5 ,noah knew :at 8 little son,a1 or gr&son 7,b5o ,hakkatan7 _h done unto him1 he said curs$ be ,canaan1 c4 ,fur!r1 ev5 if ! ,africans 7 ! desc5dants ( ,canaan1 ! assumption t _! enslavem5t fulfils ?is prophecy1 lacks ev5 plausibility1 =1 only a fraction ( ! ,africans h at any "t be5 ! slaves ( o!r nations4 ,if ! objector say 9 reply1 t a l>ge majority ( ! ,africans h always be5 slaves at home1 we answ]3 ,x is false 9 po9t ( fact1 ?\gh zeal\sly bruit$ (t5 to s]ve a turn2 & if x 7 true1 h[ does x help ! argum5t8 ,! prophecy 01 ,curs$ be ,canaan1 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8 ,,bre?r51 n unto himself6 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,fr5* foll[s ! same analogy2 gr&son be+ petit fils 7little son47 ,,objection ,,ii4--,if a man smite 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 he %all surely be puni%$4 ,not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two1 he %all n be puni%$1 = he is 8 money4 ,ex4 xxi4 #bj1 #ba4 ,:at 0 ! design ( ?is regulation8 ,0 x to grant ma/]s an indulg5ce to beat s]vants ) impunity1 & an assurance1 t if !y beat !m to dea?1 ! (f5se %all n be capital8 ,?is is sub/antially :at comm5tators tell u4 ,:at ,deity d su* m5 wor%ip8 ,"s blood-gorg$ ,molo*1 en?ron$ on human hecatombs1 & snuff+ c>nage = inc5se8 ,did ,he :o ?und]$ f ,s9ai's flames1 ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,n ,,kill1 (f] a b\nty on murd]8 ,:oev] analyzes ! ,mosaic sy/em1 w f9d a moot c\rt 9 session1 try+ law po9ts--settl+ def9itions1 or lay+ d[n rules ( evid5ce1 9 almo/ e *apt]4 ,num4 xxxv4 #aj-bb2 ,deut4 xi4 #aa1 & xix4 #d-f2 ,lev4 xxiv4 #ai-bb2 ,ex4 xxi4 #ah1 #ai1 are a few1 out ( _m cases /at$1 ) te/s furni%$ ! judges by :i* to detect ! int5t1 9 actions br\ght be=e !m4 ,_! ignorance ( judicial proce$+s1 laws ( evid5ce1 c41 made su* in/ructions necess>y4 ,! detail gone into1 9 ! v]ses quot$1 is manife/ly to enable !m to get at ! motive & f9d out :e!r ! ma/] design$ to kill4 7#a47 ,if a man smite 8 s]vant ) a rod4--,! in/rum5t us$1 gives a clue to ! int5t4 ,see ,num4 xxxv4 #af1 #ah4 ,a rod1 n an axe1 nor a sword1 nor a bludgeon1 nor any o!r dea?-weapon--h5ce1 f ! k9d ( in/rum5t1 no design to kill w\ld be inf]r$2 = int5t to kill w\ld h>dly h tak5 a rod = its weapon4 ,b if ! s]vant die "u 8 h&1 !n ! unfitness ( ! in/rum5t1 is po9t blank aga9/ him2 =1 to /rike him ) a rod until he dies1 argues a great _m bl[s & great viol5ce1 & ?is kept up to ! dea?-gasp1 %[$ an int5t to kill4 ,h5ce ,he %all surely be puni%$4 ,b if he cont9u$ a day or two1 ! l5g? ( "t t he liv$1 toge!r ) ! k9d ( in/rum5t us$1 & ! ma/]'s pecuni>y int]e/ 9 8 life1 7he is 8 money17 all made a /rong case ( circum/antial evid5ce1 %[+ t ! ma/] did n design to kill4 ,fur!r1 ! ^w nakam1 "h r5d]$ puni%$1 is n s r5d]$ 9 ano!r in/ance4 ,yet x occurs ?irty-five times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & 9 almo/ e place is translat$ av5ge1 9 a few1 to take v5geance1 or to rev5ge1 & 9 ?is in/ance ,,alone1 puni%4 ,z x /&s 9 our translation1 ! pron\n prec$+ x1 ref]s to ! ma/]1 :]eas x %\ld ref] to ! crime1 & ! ^w r5d]$ puni%$1 %\ld h be5 r5d]$ av5g$4 ,! mean+ is ?is3 ,if a man smite 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 ,,x 7! dea?7 %all surely be av5g$1 or lit]ally1 by av5g+ x %all be av5g$2 t is1 ! dea? ( ! s]vant %all be av5g$ by ! dea? ( ! ma/]4 ,s 9 ! next v]se1 ,if he cont9ue a day or two1 8 dea? is n to be av5g$ by ! dea? ( ! ma/]1 z 9 t case ! crime 0 to be adjudg$ manslaught]1 & n murd]4 ,9 ! foll[+ v]se1 ano!r case ( p]sonal injury is /at$1 = :i* ! injur] is to pay a sum ( money2 & yet our translators employ ! same phraseology 9 bo? places4 ,"o1 an in/ance ( delib]ate1 wanton1 kill+ by piecemeal4 ,! o!r1 an accid5tal1 & comp>atively slight injury--( ! inflict]1 9 bo? cases1 !y say ! same ?+6 ,he %all surely be puni%$4 ,n[1 j ! discrim9ation to be look$ = :]e ,god legislates1 is m>k$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,9 ! case ( ! s]vant wilfully murd]$1 ,he says1 ,x 7! dea?7 %all surely be av5g$1 t is1 ! life ( ! wrong do] %all expiate ! crime4 ,! same ^w is us$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :5 ! greate/ wrongs are r$ress$1 by devot+ ! p]petrators to de/ruction4 ,9 ! case ( ! un9t5tional injury1 9 ! foll[+ v]se1 ,god says1 ,he %all surely be f9$1 7,auna%47 ,he %all pay z ! judges det]m9e4 ,! simple mean+ ( ! ^w ana%1 is to lay a f9e4 ,x is us$ 9 ,deut4 xxii4 #ai3 ,!y %all am]ce him 9 "o hundr$ %ekels1 & 9 #b ,*ron4 xxxvi4 #c3 ,he condemn$ 7mulct$7 ! l& 9 a hundr$ tal5ts ( gold4 ,t av5g+ ! dea? ( ! s]vant1 0 nei!r imprisonm5t1 nor /ripes1 nor a f9e1 b t x 0 tak+ ! ma/]'s life we inf]1 7#a47 ,f ! use ( ! ^w nakam4 ,see ,g54 iv4 #bd2 ,jo%4 x4 #ac2 ,judg4 xiv4 #g2 xvi4 #bh2 ,i ,sam4 xiv4 #bd2 xviii4 #be2 xxv4 #ca2 #b ,sam4 iv4 #h2 ,judg4 v4 #b3 ,i ,sam4 xxv4 #bf-cc4 7#b47 ,f ! express /atute1 ,lev4 xxiv4 #ag2 ,he t kille? ,,any man %all surely be put to dea?4 ,also ,num4 xxxv4 #cj1 #ca3 ,:oso kille? ,,any p]son1 ! murd]] %all be put to dea?4 ,moreov]1 ye %all take ,,no ,,satisfaction = ! life ( a murd]] :i* is guilty ( dea?1 b he %all surely be put to dea?4 7#c47 ,! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an gives ! v]se ?us1 ,dea? by ! sword %all surely be adjudg$4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,j]usalem4 ,v5geance %all be tak5 = him to ! utt]mo/4 ,j>*i1 ! same4 ,! ,sam>itan v]sion3 ,he %all die ! dea?1 ,aga9 ! clause = he is 8 money1 is quot$ to prove t ! s]vant is 8 ma/]'s prop]ty1 & !re=e1 if he di$1 ! ma/] 0 n to be puni%$4 ,! assumption is1 t ! phrase1 ,,he ,,is ,,8 ,,money4 proves n only t ! s]vant is wor? money to ! ma/]1 b t he is an article ( prop]ty4 ,if ! advocates ( slav]y insi/ ^u tak+ ! pr9ciple ( int]pretation into ! ,bible1 & turn+ x loose1 let !m /& & draw 9 self-def5ce4 ,if !y endorse = x at "o po9t1 !y mu/ /& sponsors all ar\nd ! circle4 ,x w be too late to cry = qu>t] :5 its /roke cle>s ! table1 & tilts !m among ! sweep+s b5ea?4 ,! ,bible ab\nds ) su* expressions z ! foll[+3 ,?is 7bread7 is my body2 ?is 7w9e7 is my blood2 all !y 7! ,israelites7 are brass & t92 ?is 7wat]7 is ! blood ( ! m5 :o w5t 9 jeop>dy ( _! lives2 ! ,"l ,god is a sun & a %ield2 ,god is love2 ! sev5 good e>s are sev5 ye>s1 & ! sev5 good k9e are sev5 ye>s2 ! tree ( ! field is man's life2 ,god is a consum+ fire2 he is 8 money1 c4 ,a passion = ! exact lit]alities ( ! ,bible is s amiable1 x 7 h>d n to gratify x 9 ?is case4 ,! words 9 ! orig9al are 7,kaspo-hu17 8 silv] is he4 ,! objector's pr9ciple ( int]pretation is a philosoph]'s /one6 ,its miracle t\* transmutes five feet eight in*es ( fle% & bones into solid silv]6 ,q a p]man5t s]vant1 if n s nimble ) all--reason+ aga9/ =ev]1 is =e/all$ h5ce=?1 &1 ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae1 utt]ly outwitt$4 ,! obvi\s mean+ ( ! phrase1 ,he is 8 money1 is1 he is wor? money to 8 ma/]1 & s9ce1 if ! ma/] _h kill$ him1 x w\ld h tak5 money out ( 8 pocket1 ! pecuni>y loss1 ! k9d ( in/rum5t us$1 & ! fact ( 8 liv+ "s "t aft] ! injury1 7if ! ma/] meant to kill1 he w\ld be likely to d x :ile ab\t x17 all toge!r make a /rong case ( presumptive evid5ce cle>+ ! ma/] ( int5t to kill4 ,b let u look at ! objector's inf]5ces4 ,"o is1 t z ! ma/] might dispose ( 8 prop]ty z he pleas$1 he 0 n to be puni%$1 if he de/roy$ x4 ,:e!r ! s]vant di$ "u ! ma/]'s h&1 or aft] a day or two1 he 0 equally 8 prop]ty1 & ! objector admits t 9 ! fir/ case ! ma/] is to be surely puni%$ = de/roy+ 8 own prop]ty6 ,! o!r inf]5ce is1 t s9ce ! cont9uance ( a day or two1 cle>$ ! ma/] ( int5t to kill1 ! loss ( ! slave w\ld be a suffici5t puni%m5t = inflict+ ! injury :i* caus$ 8 dea?4 ,?is inf]5ce makes ! ,mosaic law false to its own pr9ciples4 ,a pecuni>y loss 0 no "p ( ! legal claim1 :]e a p]son took ! life ( ano!r4 ,9 su* case1 ! law spurn$ money1 :atev] ! sum4 ,god w\ld n *eap5 human life1 by balanc+ x ) su* a weight4 ,ye %all take ,,no ,,satisfaction = ! life ( a murd]]1 b he %all surely be put to dea?4 ,num4 xxxv4 #ca4 ,ev5 9 excusable homicide1 :]e an axe slipp$ f ! helve & kill$ a man1 no sum ( money avail$ to release f conf9em5t 9 ! city ( refuge1 until ! dea? ( ! ,high ,prie/4 ,numb4 xxxv4 #cb4 ,! doctr9e t ! loss ( ! s]vant w\ld be a p5alty adequate to ! des]t ( ! ma/]1 admits 8 guilt & 8 des]t ( "s puni%m5t1 & x prescribes a k9d ( puni%m5t1 reject$ by ! law 9 all cases :]e man took ! life ( man1 :e!r ) or )\t ! int5t to kill4 ,9 %ort1 ! objector annuls an integral "p ( ! sy/em--makes a new law1 & coolly metes out su* p5alty z he ?9ks fit4 ,div9e legislation revis$ & improv$6 ,! ma/] :o /ruck out 8 s]vant's too?1 :e!r int5tionally or n1 0 requir$ to set him free4 ,! pecuni>y loss to ! ma/] 0 ! same z ?\gh he _h kill$ him4 ,look at ! two cases4 ,a ma/] beats 8 s]vant s t he dies ( 8 w\nds2 ano!r accid5tally /rikes out 8 s]vant's too?1--! pecuni>y loss ( bo? cases is ! same4 ,if ! loss ( ! slave's s]vices is puni%m5t suffici5t = ! crime ( kill+ him1 w\ld ,god comm& ! same puni%m5t = ! accid5tal knock+ out ( a too?8 ,inde$1 unless ! injury 0 done inadv]tantly1 ! loss ( ! s]vant's s]vices 0 only a "p ( ! puni%m5t--m]e rep>ation to ! individual = injury done2 ! ma9 puni%m5t1 t /rictly judicial1 0 rep>ation to ! community4 ,to set ! s]vant free1 & ?us proclaim 8 injury1 8 "r to r$ress1 & ! measure ( x--answ]$ n ! ends ( public ju/ice4 ,! law made an example ( ! (f5d]4 ,t ^? t rema9 might he> & fe>4 ,if a man cause a blemi% 9 8 neighbor1 z he ha? done1 s %all x be done unto him4 ,brea* = brea*1 eye = eye1 too? = too?4 ,ye %all h "o mann] ( law z well = ! ,,/rang] z = "o ( y\r own c\ntry4 ,lev xxiv4 #ai1 #bj1 #bb4 ,f9ally1 if a ma/] smote out 8 s]vant's too? ! law smote out 8 too?--?us r$ress+ ! public wrong2 & x cancell$ ! s]vant's obligation to ! ma/]1 ?us giv+ "s comp5sation = ! injury done1 & exempt+ him =m p]il\s liabilities 9 future4 ,,objection ,,iii4 ,bo? ?y bondm5 & bondmaids :i* ?\ %alt h %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y1 ( !m %all ye buy bondm5 & bondmaids4 ,moreov] ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang] t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy1 & ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y begat 9 y\r l&1 & !y %all be y\r possessions4 ,& ye %all take !m z an inh]itance ( y\r *ildr5 f y1 to inh]it !m = a possession2 !y %all be y\r bondm5 =ev]4 ,lev1 xxv4 #dd-df4 ,! po9ts 9 ^! v]ses urg$ z pro(1 t ! ,mosaic sy/em sanction$ slav]y1 are #a4 ,! ^w ,,bondm54 #b4 ,,buy4 #c4 ,,inh]itance ,,& ,,possession4 & #d4 ,,=ev]4 ,! buy+ ( s]vants 0 discuss$1 pp4 #ag-bb1 & hold+ !m z a possession4 pp4 #cg-df4 ,we w n[ asc]ta9 :at sanction to slav]y is d]ivable f ! t]ms bondm51 inh]itance1 & =ev]4 #a4 ,,bondm54 ,! fact t s]vants f ! hea!n are call$ bondm51 :ile o!rs are call$ s]vants1 is quot$ z pro( t ! =m] 7 slaves4 ,z ! caprices ( ,k+ ,james' translators 7 n inspir$1 we ne$ /& 9 no special awe ( !m4 ,! ^w "h r5d]$ bondm5 is uni=mly r5d]$ s]vants else:]e4 ,! ,hebrew ^w eb$h1 ! plural ( :i* is "h translat$ bondm51 is 9 ,isa4 xlii4 #a1 appli$ to ,*ri/4 ,behold my s]vant 7bondman1 slave87 :om ,i h *os54 ,s ,isa4 lii4 #ac4 ,behold my s]vant 7,*ri/7 %all deal prud5tly4 ,9 #a ,k+s xii4 #f1 #g1 to ,k+ ,rehoboam4 ,& !y spake unto him1 say+ if ?\ wilt be a s]vant unto ?is p1 !n !y w be ?y s]vants =ev]4 ,9 #b ,*ron4 xii4 #g1 #h1 #i1 #ac1 to ! k+ & all ! nation4 ,9 f9e1 ! ^w is appli$ to all p]sons do+ s]vice = o!rs--to magi/rates1 to all gov]nm5tal (fic]s1 to tribut>ies1 to all ! subjects ( gov]nm5ts1 to y\ng] sons--def9+ _! relation to ! fir/ born1 :o is call$ ,"l & rul]--to prophets1 to k+s1 to ! ,messiah1 & 9 respectful addresses n less ?an fifty times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,if ! ,israelites n only held slaves1 b multitudes ( !m1 if ,abraham _h ?\s&s & if !y ab\nd$ "u ! ,mosaic sy/em1 :y _h _! language no ^w t meant slave8 ,t language mu/ be w(ully pov]ty-/rick51 :i* has no signs to repres5t ! mo/ common & famili> objects & conditions4 ,to repres5t by ! same ^w1 & )\t figure1 prop]ty1 & ! own] ( t prop]ty1 is a solecism4 ,ziba 0 an eb$h1 yet he own$ 767 tw5ty eb$hs6 ,9 our language1 we h bo? s]vant & slave4 ,:y8 ,because we h bo? ! ?+s & ne$ signs = !m4 ,if ! tongue _h a %ea?1 z swords h scabb>ds1 we %\ld h "s "n = x3 b our diction>ies give u none4 ,:y8 ,because !re is no su* ?+4 ,b ! objector asks1 ,w\ld n ! ,israelites use _! ^w eb$h if !y spoke ( ! slave ( a hea!n8 ,answ]4 ,_! national s]vants or tribut>ies1 are spok5 ( frequ5tly1 b dome/ic s]vants s r>ely t no necessity exi/$1 ev5 if !y 7 slaves1 = co9+ a new ^w4 ,besides1 ! fact ( _! be+ dome/ics1 "u hea!n laws & usages proclaim$ _! liabilities1 _! locality made a specific t]m unnecess>y4 ,b if ! ,israelites _h n only s]vants1 b a multitude ( slaves1 a ^w mean+ slave1 w\ld h be5 indisp5sable = e day conv5i5ce4 ,fur!r1 ! laws ( ! ,mosaic sy/em 7 s _m s5t9els on ! outpo/s to w>n (f =eign practices4 ,! bord] gr\nd ( ,canaan1 0 qu>ant9e gr\nd1 en=c+ ! /ricte/ non-int]c\rse 9 usages betwe5 ! )\t & ! )94 #b4 ,,=ev]4 ,?is is quot$ to prove t s]vants 7 to s]ve dur+ _! life "t1 & _! po/]ity f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,no su* idea is conta9$ 9 ! passage4 ,! ^w =ev]1 in/ead ( def9+ ! l5g? ( individual s]vice1 proclaims ! p]man5ce ( ! regulation laid d[n 9 ! two v]ses prec$+1 namely1 t _! p]man5t dome/ics %\ld be ( ! ,/rang]s1 & n ( ! ,israelites3 x decl>es ! duration ( t g5]al provision4 ,z if ,god _h said1 ,y %all always get y\r p]man5t labor]s f ! nations r\nd ab\t y--y\r s]vants %all always be ( t class ( p]sons4 ,z x /&s 9 ! orig9al x is pla9--,=ev] ( !m %all ye s]ve y\rselves4 ,?is is ! lit]al r5d]+4 ,t =ev] ref]s to ! p]man5t relations ( a community1 r ?an to ! s]vices ( individuals1 is a fair inf]5ce f ! =m ( ! expression1 ,bo? ?y bondm51 c41 %all be ( ! hea!n4 ,( ,,!m %all ye buy1 c4 ,,!y %all be y\r possession4 ,to say no?+ ( ! unc]ta9ty ( ^? individuals surviv+ ^? aft] :om !y are to live1 ! language us$1 applies m naturally to a body ( p1 ?an to individual s]vants4 ,besides p]petual s]vice _c be argu$ f ! t]m =ev]4 ,! n9? & t5? v]ses ( ! same *apt]1 limit x absolutely by ! jubilee4 ,!n ?\ %alt cause ! trumpet ( ! jubilee to s\nd 99 99 ?r\gh\t ,,all y\r l&4 ,& ye %all proclaim lib]ty ?r\gh\t all ! l& unto ,,all ! inhabitants !re(4 ,x may be object$ t inhabitants "h means ,israeliti% inhabitants alone4 ,! comm& is1 ,proclaim lib]ty ?r\gh\t all ! l& unto ,,all ! inhabitants !re(4 ,besides1 9 ! six? v]se1 !re is an enum]ation ( ! diff]5t classes ( ! inhabitants1 9 :i* s]vants & ,/rang]s are includ$2 & 9 all ! regulations ( ! jubilee1 & ! sabbatical ye>1 ! ,/rang]s are includ$ 9 ! precepts1 prohibitions1 & promises4 ,aga93 ! ye> ( jubilee 0 u%]$ 91 by ! day ( atonem5t4 ,:at did ^! in/itutions %[ =?8 ,! day ( atonem5t prefigur$ ! atonem5t ( ,*ri/1 & ! ye> ( jubilee1 ! gospel jubilee4 ,& did !y prefigure an atonem5t & a jubilee to ,jews only8 ,7 !y types ( s9s remitt$1 & ( salvation proclaim$ to ! nation ( ,israel alone8 ,is !re no r$emption = u ,g5tiles 9 ^! ends ( ! e>?1 & is our hope presumption & impiety8 ,did t old p>tition wall survive ! %ock1 t made e>? quake1 & hid ! sun1 bur/ graves & rocks1 & r5t ! temple veil8 & did ! ,gospel only re> x high] to ?und] dir] p]dition f its fr[n+ battlem5ts on all )\t8 ,no6 ,! ,god ( our salvation lives ,good tid+s ( great joy %all be to ,,all p4 ,"o %\t %all swell f all ! ransom$1 ,?\ ha/ r$eem$ u unto ,god by ?y blood out ( e k9dr$1 & tongue1 & p1 & nation4 ,to d5y t ! bless+s ( ! jubilee ext5d$ to ! s]vants f ! ,g5tiles1 makes ,*ri/ianity ,judaism4 ,x n only eclipses ! glory ( ! ,gospel1 b /rikes out ! sun4 ,! refusal to release s]vants at ! jubilee falsifi$ & disannull$ a gr& lead+ type ( ! atonem5t1 & 0 a libel on ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/'s r$emption4 ,f9ally1 ev5 if =ev] did ref] to individual s]vice1 we h ample prec$5ts = limit+ ! t]m by ! jubilee4 ,! same ^w def9es ! l5g? ( "t :i* ,jewi% s]vants s]v$ :o did n g out 9 ! sev5? ye>4 ,& all admit t !y w5t out at ! jubilee4 ,ex4 xxi4 #b-f2 ,deut4 xv4 #ab-ag4 ,! #bc;d v]se ( ! same *apt] is quot$ to prove t =ev] 9 ! #df? v]se1 ext5ds beyond ! jubilee4 ,! l& %all n be sold ,,=ev]1 = ! l& is m9e--s9ce x w\ld h>dly be us$ 9 diff]5t s5ses 9 ! same g5]al connection4 ,z =ev]1 9 ! #df? v]se1 respects ! g5]al arrangem5t1 & n individual s]vice ! objection does n t\* ! argum5t4 ,besides 9 ! #df? v]se1 ! ^w us$1 is ,olam1 mean+ ?r\gh\t ! p]iod1 :atev] t may be4 ,:]eas 9 ! #bc;d v]se1 x is ,tsemi?u?1 mean+1 a cutt+ (f4 #c4 ,,inh]itance ,,& ,,possession1 ,ye %all take !m z an ,,inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y to inh]it !m = a possession4 ,?is ref]s to ! nations1 & n to ! individual s]vants1 procur$ f ^! nations4 ,we h already %[n1 t s]vants c\ld n be held z a prop]ty-possession1 & inh]itance2 t !y became s]vants ( _! own accord1 & 7 paid wages2 t !y 7 releas$ by law f _! regul> labor ne>ly half ! days 9 ea* ye>1 & ?or\ghly in/ruct$2 t ! s]vants 7 protect$ 9 all _! p]sonal1 social & religi\s rights1 equally ) _! ma/]s c4 ,all rema9+1 aft] ^! ample res]vations1 w\ld be small temptation1 ei!r to ! lu/ ( p[] or ( lucre2 a pr(itable possession & inh]itance1 truly6 ,:at if our ,am]ican slaves 7 all plac$ 9 j su* a condition ,alas1 = t s(t1 melodi\s circumlocution1 ,our ,,peculi> species ( prop]ty6 ,v]ily1 emphasis w\ld be cad5ce1 & euphony & irony meet toge!r6 ,:at eag] snat*es at m]e words1 & bald te*nics1 irrespective ( connection1 pr9ciples ( con/ruction1 ,bible usages1 or limitations ( mean+ by o!r passages--& all to eke out su* a s5se z sanctifies exi/+ usages1 ?us mak+ ,god p&] = lu/4 ,! words nahal & nahala1 inh]it & inh]itance by no means necess>ily signify articles ( prop]ty4 ,! p answ]$ ! k+ & said1 we h none inh]itance 9 ! son ( ,jesse4 #b ,*ron4 x4 #af4 ,did !y moan gravely to disclaim ! hold+ ( _! k92 z an article ( prop]ty8 ,*ildr5 are an h]itage 7inh]itance7 ( ! ,"l4 ,ps4 cxxvii4 #c4 ,p>don our iniquity1 & take u = ?9e inh]itance4 ,ex4 xxxiv4 #i4 ,:5 ,god p>dons 8 enemies1 & adopts !m z *ildr51 does he make !m articles ( prop]ty8 ,are =giv5ess1 & *attel-mak+1 synonymes8 ,?y te/imonies h ,i tak5 z a h]itage 7inh]itance47 ,ps4 cxix4 #aaa4 ,i am _! inh]itance4 ,ezek4 xliv4 #bh4 ,i w give !e ! hea!n = ?9e inh]itance4 ,ps4 ii4 #h4 ,= ! ,"l w n ca/ (f 8 p1 nei!r w he =sake 8 inh]itance4 ,ps4 xciv #ad4 see also ,deut4 iv4 #bj2 ,jo%4 xiii4 #cc2 ,ps4 lxxxii4 #h2 lxxviii4 #fb1 #ga2 ,prov4 xiv4 #h4 ,! "q :e!r ! s]vants 7 a ,,prop]ty-possession1 has be5 already discuss$--pp4 #cg-df--we ne$ add 9 ?is place b a ^w1 ahuzza r5d]$ possession4 ,& ,joseph plac$ 8 fa!r & 8 bre?r51 & gave !m a possession 9 ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,g54 xlii4 #aa4 ,9 :at s5se 0 ,go%5 ! possession ( ! ,israelites8 ,answ]1 9 ! s5se ( hav+ x to live 94 ,9 :at s5se 7 ! ,israelites to possess ^! nations1 & take !m z an inh]itance = _! *ildr58 ,answ]1 !y possess$ !m z a p]man5t s\rce ( supply = dome/ic or h\sehold s]vants4 ,& ?is relation to ^! nations 0 to g d[n to po/]ity z a /&+ regulation1 hav+ ! c]ta9ty & regul>ity ( a desc5t by inh]itance4 ,! s5se ( ! :ole regulation may be giv5 ?us3 ,?y p]man5t dome/ics1 :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! nations t are r\nd ab\t y1 ( !m %all ye get male & female dome/ics4 ,moreov] ( ! *ildr5 ( ! =eign]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye get1 & ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y begat 9 y\r l&1 & !y %all be y\r p]man5t res\rce4 ,& ye %all take !m z a p]petual provision = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to hold z a con/ant s\rce ( supply4 ,always ( !m %all ye s]ve y\rselves4 ,! design ( ! passage is manife/ f its /ructure4 ,x 0 to po9t out ! class ( p]sons f :i* !y 7 to get _! supply ( s]vants1 & ! way 9 :i* !y 7 to get !m4 ,,objection ,,iv4 ,if ?y bro!r t dwelle? by !e be wax5 poor1 & be sold unto !e1 ?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a ,,bond-,,s]vant1 b z an ,,hir$-,,s]vant1 & z a soj\rn] %all he be ) !e1 & %all s]ve !e unto ! ye> ( jubilee4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ci1 #dj4 ,z only "o class is call$ hir$1 x is inf]r$ t s]vants ( ! o!r class 7 n paid = _! labor4 ,t ,god1 ) ?und]+ ana!mas aga9/ ^? :o us$ _! neighbor's s]vice )\t wages1 grant$ a special indulg5ce to 8 *os5 p to =ce o!rs to "w1 & rob !m ( e>n+s1 provid$ always1 9 select+ _! victims1 !y sp>$ ! g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+1 & p\nc$ only ^u ! /rang]s & ! common p4 ,! inf]5ce t hir$ is synonym\s ) paid1 & t ^? s]vants n call$ hir$ 7 n paid = _! labor1 is a m]e assumption4 ,! mean+ ( ! ,engli% v]b to hire1 is to procure = a tempor>y use at a c]ta9 price--to engage a p]son to tempor>y s]vice = wages4 ,t is also ! mean+ ( ! ,hebrew ^w sauk>4 ,x is n us$ :5 ! procurem5t ( p]man5t s]vice is spok5 (4 ,n[1 we ask1 w\ld p]man5t s]vants1 ^? :o con/itut$ a /ation>y "p ( ! family1 h be5 designat$ by ! same t]m t m>ks tempor>y s]vants8 ,! e-day di/9ction on ?is subject1 are famili> z table-talk4 ,9 _m families ! dome/ics p]=m only ! regul> "w4 ,:atev] is occasional m]ely1 z ! wa%+ ( a family1 is done by p]sons hir$ expressly = ! purpose4 ,! famili> di/9ction betwe5 ! two classes1 is s]vants1 & hir$ help1 7n paid help47 ,bo? classes are paid4 ,"o is p]man5t1 ! o!r occasional & tempor>y1 & !re=e 9 ?is case call$ hir$,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,to suppose a s]vant robb$ ( 8 e>n+s because he is n call$ a hir$ s]vant is pr(\nd induction6 ,if ,i employ a man at twelve doll>s a mon? to "w my f>m1 he is my hir$ man1 b if ,i give him su* a portion ( ! crop1 or 9 o!r words1 if he works my f>m on %>es1 e f>m] kn[s t he is no long] call$ my hir$ man4 ,yet he works ! same f>m1 9 ! same way1 at ! same "t1 & ) ! same teams & tools2 & does ! same am\nt ( "w 9 ! ye>1 & p]haps e>ns tw5ty doll>s a mon?1 in/ead ( twelve4 ,n[ z he is no long] call$ hir$1 & z he /ill works my f>m1 suppose my neighb\rs sagely inf]1 t s9ce he is n my hir$ labor]1 ,i rob him ( 8 e>n+s & ) all ! gravity ( owls1 pron\nce ! oracul> decision1 & hoot x abroad4 ,my neighbors are deep div]s6--l "s !ological pr(essors1 !y n only g to ! bottom b come up cov]$ ) ! tok5s4 ,a v>iety ( p>ticul>s are record$ di/+ui%+ hir$ f b\ght s]vants4 7#a47 ,hir$ s]vants 7 paid daily at ! close ( _! "w4 ,lev4 xix #ac2 ,deut4 xxiv4 #ad1 #ae2 ,job4 vii4 #b2 ,matt4 xx4 #h4 ,b\ght s]vants 7 paid 9 advance1 7a reason = _! be+ call$ b\ght17 & ^? t w5t out at ! sev5? ye> receiv$ a gratuity4 ,deut4 xv4 #ab1 #ac4 7#b47 ,! hir$ 7 paid 9 money1 ! b\ght receiv$ _! gratuity1 at lea/1 9 gra91 cattle1 & ! product ( ! v9tage4 ,deut4 xiv4 #ag4 7#c47 ,! hir$ liv$ 9 _! own families1 ! b\ght 7 "p ( _! ma/]s' families4 7#d47 ,! hir$ support$ _! families out ( _! wages3 ! b\ght & _! families 7 support$ by ! ma/] besides _! wages4 ,! b\ght s]vants 71 z a class1 sup]ior to ! hir$--7 m tru/-wor?y1 _h great] privileges1 & occupi$ a high] /ation 9 society4 7#a47 ,!y 7 intimately incorporat$ ) ! family ( ! ma/]s1 7 gue/s at family fe/ivals1 & social solemnities1 f :i* hir$ s]vants 7 exclud$4 ,lev4 xxii4 #aj2 ,ex4 xii1 #dc1 #de4 7#b47 ,_! int]e/s 7 f> m id5tifi$ ) ^? ( _! ma/]s' family4 ,!y 7 (t51 actually or prospectively1 heirs ( _! ma/]s' e/ates1 z 9 ! case ( ,eliez]1 ( ,ziba1 & ! sons ( ,bilhah & ,zilpah4 ,:5 !re 7 no sons1 or :5 !y 7 unwor?y1 b\ght s]vants 7 made heirs4 ,prov4 xvii4 #b4 ,we f9d traces ( ?is usage 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b :5 ! husb&m5 saw him1 !y reason$ among !mselves1 say+1 ?is is ! heir1 come let u kill him1 t ! inh]itance may be ours4 ,luke xx4 #ad4 ,9 no in/ance does a hir$ s]vant inh]it 8 ma/]'s e/ate4 7#c47 ,m>riages took place betwe5 s]vants & _! ma/]'s daught]s4 ,%e%an _h a s]vant1 an ,egyptian1 ^: "n 0 ,j>ha4 ,& ,%e%an gave 8 daught] to ,j>ha 8 s]vant to wife4 #a ,*ron4 ii4 #cd1 #ce4 ,!re is no in/ance ( a hir$ s]vant =m+ su* an alliance4 7#d47 ,b\ght s]vants & _! desc5dants 7 treat$ ) ! same affection & respect z ! o!r memb]s ( ! family4,a4 ,! treatm5t ( ,abraham's s]vants1 ,g54 xxv4--! int]c\rse betwe5 ,gideon & 8 s]vant1 ,judg4 vii4 #aj1 #aa2 ,saul & 8 s]vant1 #a ,sam4 iv4 #e1 #bb2 ,jona?an & 8 s]vant1 #a ,sam4 xiv4 #a-ad1 & ,eli%a & 8 s]vant1 are illu/rations4 ,no su* tie seems to h exi/$ betwe5 hir$ s]vants & _! ma/]s4 ,_! untru/wor?9ess 0 prov]bial4 ,john ix4 #ab1 #ac4 ,none b ! l[e/ class engag$ z hir$ s]vants1 & ! k9ds ( labor assign$ to !m requir$ little k & skill4 ,v>i\s passages %[ ! l[ repute & trifl+ "* ( ! class f :i* !y 7 hir$4 ,judg4 ix4 #d2 #a ,sam4 ii4 #e4 ,! sup]ior condition ( b\ght s]vants is manife/ 9 ! high tru/s confid$ to !m1 & 9 _! dignity & au?ority 9 ! h\sehold4 ,9 no in/ance is a hir$ s]vant ?us di/+ui%$4 ,! b\ght s]vant is manife/ly ! ma/]'s repres5tative 9 ! family--) pl5ipot5ti>y p[]s ov] adult *ildr51 ev5 negotiat+ m>riage = !m4 ,abraham adjur$ 8 s]vant n to take a wife = ,isaac ( ! daught]s ( ! ,canaanites4 ,! s]vant himself select$ ! individual4 ,s]vants also ex]cis$ discretion>y p[] 9 ! managem5t ( _! ma/]s' e/ates1 ,& ! s]vant took t5 camels ( ! camels ( 8 ma/]1 = all ! goods ( 8 ma/] 7 "u 8 h&4 ,g54 xxiv4 #aj4 ,! reason assign$ = tak+ !m1 is n t su* 0 ,abraham's direction1 b t ! s]vant _h discretion>y control4 ,s]vants _h also discretion>y p[] 9 ! disposal ( prop]ty4 ,see ,g54 xxiv4 #bb1 #bc1 #ec4 ,! condition ( ,ziba 9 ! h\se ( ,mephibo%e?1 is a case 9 po9t4 ,s 9 ,prov4 xvii4 #b4 ,di/9ct traces ( ?is e/imation are to be f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,matt4 xxiv4 #de2 ,luke xii1 #db1 #dd4 ,s 9 ! p>able ( ! tal5ts2 ! ma/] seems to h set up ea* ( 8 s]vants 9 trade ) a l>ge capital4 ,! unju/ /ew>d _h l>ge discretion>y p[]1 0 accus$ ( wa/+ 8 ma/]'s goods1 & manife/ly regulat$ ) 8 debtors1 ! t]ms ( settlem5t4 ,luke xvi4 #d-h4 ,su* tru/s 7 nev] repos$ 9 hir$ s]vants4 ,footnote ,a3 ,= ! pur*as$ s]vant :o is an ,israelite1 or proselyte1 %all f>e z 8 ma/]4 ,! ma/] %all n eat f9e bread1 & 8 s]vant bread ( bran4 ,nor yet dr9k old w9e1 & give 8 s]vant new2 nor sleep on s(t pill[s1 & b$d+1 & 8 s]vant on /raw4 ,i say unto y1 t he t gets a pur*as$ s]vant does well to make him z 8 fri5d1 or he w prove to 8 employ] z if he got himself a ma/]4--,maimonides1 9 ,mi%na ,kiddu%im4 ,*ap4 #a1 ,sec4 #b4 ,! inf]ior condition ( hir$ s]vants1 is illu/rat$ 9 ! p>able ( ! prodigal son4 ,:5 ! prodigal1 p]i%+ ) hung] among ! sw9e & husks1 came to himself1 8 pr\d he>t broke2 ,i w arise1 he cri$1 & g to my fa!r4 ,& !n to assure 8 fa!r ( ! dep? ( 8 humility1 resolv$ to add1 ,make me z "o ( ?y hir$ s]vants4 ,if hir$ s]vants 7 ! sup]ior class--to apply = ! situation1 savor$ little ( t s5se ( unwor?9ess t seeks ! du/ ) hidd5 face1 & cries unclean4 ,unhumbl$ nature climbs2 or if x falls1 cl+s fa/1 :]e fir/ x may4 ,humility s9ks ( its own weight1 & 9 ! l[e/ deep1 digs l[]4 ,! design ( ! p>able 0 to illu/rate on ! "o h&1 ! joy ( ,god1 z he beholds af> (f1 ! return+ s9n] seek+ an injur$ fa!r's face :o runs to clasp & bless him ) un*id+ welcome2 & on ! o!r1 ! contrition ( ! p5it5t1 turn+ homew>d ) te>s f 8 w&]+s1 8 /rick5 _s break+ ) its ill-des]t he sobs al\d4 ,! l[e/ place1 ! l[e/ place1 ,i c abide no o!r4 ,or 9 ^? inimitable words1 ,fa!r ,i h s9n$ aga9/ ,heav51 & 9 ?y sight1 & am no m wor?y to be call$ ?y son2 make me z "o ( ?y ,,hir$ s]vants4 ,! supposition t hir$ s]vants 7 ! highe/ class1 takes f ! p>able an elem5t ( w9n+ beauty & pa?os4 ,x is manife/ to e c>eful /ud5t ( ! ,bible1 t "o class ( s]vants1 0 on t]ms ( equality ) ! *ildr5 & o!r memb]s ( ! family4 7,h5ce ! =ce ( ,paul's decl>ation1 ,gal4 iv4 #a1 ,n[ ,i say unto y1 t ! heir1 s long z he is a *ild1 ,,diff]e? ,,no?+ ,,f ,a ,,s]vant1 ?\gh he be "l ( all47 ,if ?is 7 ! hir$ class1 ! prodigal 0 a sorry specim5 ( humility4 ,w\ld our ,"l h put su* language ^u ! lips ( "o held up by himself1 z a model ( gospel humility1 to illu/rate its deep s5se ( an ill-des]t8 ,if ?is is humility1 put x on /ilts1 & set x a /rutt+1 :ile pride takes lessons1 & blund]s 9 ape+ x4 ,israelites & ,/rang]s1 belong$ indiscrim9ately to ea* class ( ! s]vants1 ! b\ght & ! hir$4 ,t ^? 9 ! =m] class1 :e!r ,jews or ,/rang]s1 rose to honors & au?ority 9 ! family circle1 :i* 7 n conf]r$ on hir$ s]vants1 has be5 %[n4 ,x %\ld be add$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! enjoym5t ( privileges1 m]ely political1 ! hir$ s]vants f ! ,israelites1 7 m favor$ ?an ev5 ! b\ght s]vants f ! ,/rang]s4 ,no "o f ! ,/rang]s1 h[ev] weal?y or highly end[$1 0 eligible to ! highe/ (fice1 nor c\ld he own ! soil4 ,?is la/ disability seems to h be5 "o reason = ! diff]5t p]iods ( s]vice requir$ ( ! two classes ( b\ght s]vants--! ,israelites & ! ,/rang]s4 ,! ,israelite 0 to s]ve six ye>s--! ,/rang] until ! jubilee4 ,z ! ,/rang]s c\ld n own ! soil1 nor ev5 h\ses1 except )9 wall$ t[ns1 mo/ w\ld atta* !mselves to ,israeliti% families4 ,^? :o 7 weal?y1 or skill$ 9 manufactures1 in/ead ( becom+ s]vants w\ld ne$ s]vants = _! own use1 & z inducem5ts = ! ,/rang]'s to become s]vants to ! ,israelites1 7 great] ?an p]sons ( _! own nation c\ld hold out to !m1 ^! weal?y ,/rang]s w\ld naturally procure ! poor] ,israelites = s]vants4 ,lev4 xxv4 #dg4 ,9 a ^w1 su* 0 ! political condition ( ! ,/rang]s1 t ! ,jewi% polity (f]$ a virtual b\nty1 to su* z w\ld become p]man5t s]vants1 & ?us secure ^? privileges already enum]at$1 & = _! *ildr5 9 ! second g5]ation a p]man5t inh]itance4 ,ezek4 xlvii4 #ba-bc4 ,none b ! moni$ ari/ocracy w\ld be likely to decl9e su* (f]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,israelites1 own+ all ! soil1 & an inh]itance ( l& be+ a sacr$ possession1 to hold x free ( incumbrance 0 ) e ,israelite1 a delicate po9t1 bo? ( family honor & p]sonal "*4 #a ,k+s xxi4 #c4 ,h5ce1 to =ego ! control ( "o's inh]itance1 aft] ! division ( ! pat]nal doma91 or to be kept out ( x aft] hav+ acc$$ to x1 0 a burd5 griev\s to be borne4 ,to mitigate z mu* z possible su* a calamity1 ! law releas$ ! ,israeliti% s]vant at ! end ( six ye>s,a2 z1 dur+ t "t--if ( ! fir/ class--! p>tition ( ! patrimonial l& might h tak5 place2 or1 if ( ! second1 en\gh money might h be5 e>n$ to dis5cumb] 8 e/ate1 & ?us he might assume 8 /ation z a "l ( ! soil4 ,if nei!r cont+5cy _h occurr$1 !n aft] ano!r six ye>s ! opportunity 0 aga9 (f]$1 & s on1 until ! jubilee4 ,s :ile /rong motives urg$ ! ,israelite to discont9ue 8 s]vice z soon z ! exig5cy _h pass$ :i* made him a s]vant1 e consid]ation impell$ ! ,/rang] to prolong 8 t]m ( s]vice2 & ! same k9dness :i* dictat$ ! law ( six ye>s' s]vice = ! ,israelite1 assign$ z a g5]al rule1 a mu* long] p]iod to ! ,g5tile s]vant1 :o _h e inducem5t to protract ! t]m4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 t adult ,jews ord9>ily became s]vants1 only z a tempor>y exp$i5t to relieve !mselves f emb>rassm5t1 & ceas$ to be su* :5 t object 0 effect$4 ,! pov]ty t =c$ !m to x 0 a calamity1 & _! s]vice 0 ei!r a means ( relief1 or a measure ( prev5tion2 n pursu$ z a p]man5t bus9ess1 b resort$ to on em]g5cies--a sort ( episode 9 ! ma9 scope ( _! lives4 ,:]eas ) ! ,/rang]s1 x 0 a p]man5t employm5t1 pursu$ bo? z a means ( bett]+ _! own condition1 & t ( _! po/]ity1 & z an end = its own sake1 conf]r+ on !m privileges1 & a social e/imation n o!rwise atta9able4 ,footnote ,a3 ,ano!r reason = protract+ ! s]vice until ! sev5? ye>1 seems to h be5 ! co9cid5ce ( t p]iod ) o!r arrangem5ts1 9 ! ,jewi% economy4 ,its pecuni>y responsibilities1 social relations1 & g5]al int]nal /ructure1 7 graduat$ ^u a sept5nial scale4 ,besides z ^? ,israelites :o became s]vants ?r\gh pov]ty1 w\ld n sell !mselves1 till o!r exp$i5ts to recruit _! f9ances _h fail$--7,lev4 xxv4 #ce7--_! becom+ s]vants proclaim$ su* a /ate ( _! affairs1 z dem&$ ! labor ( a c\rse ( ye>s fully to re9/ate !m4 ,we see f ! =ego+1 :y s]vants pur*as$ f ! hea!n1 are call$ by way ( di/9ction1 ! s]vants1 7n bondm517 7#a47 ,!y foll[$ x z a p]man5t bus9ess4 7#b47 ,_! t]m ( s]vice 0 mu* long] ?an t ( ! o!r class4 7#c47 ,z a class !y d\btless greatly outnumb]$ ! ,israeliti% s]vants4 7#d47 ,all ! ,/rang]s t dwelt 9 ! l& 7 tribut>ies1 requir$ to pay an annual tax to ! gov]nm5t1 ei!r 9 money1 or 9 public s]vice1 7call$ a tribute ( l&-s]vice27 9 o!r words1 all ! ,/rang]s 7 national s]vants to ! ,israelites1 & ! same ,hebrew ^w us$ to designate individual s]vants1 equally designates national s]vants or tribut>ies4 #b ,sam4 viii4 #b1 #f1 #ad4 #b ,*ron4 viii4 #g-i4 ,deut xx4 #aa4 #b ,sam4 x4 #ai4 #a ,k+s ix4 #ba1 #bb4 #a ,k+s iv4 #ba4 ,g54 xxvii4 #bi4 ,! same ^w is appli$ to ! ,israelites1 :5 !y paid tribute to o!r nations4 #b ,k+s xvii4 #c4 ,judg4 iii4 #h1 #ad4 ,g54 xlix4 #ae4 ,ano!r di/9ction betwe5 ! ,jewi% & ,g5tile b\ght s]vants1 0 9 _! k9ds ( s]vice4 ,! s]vants f ! ,/rang]s 7 prop]ly ! dome/ics1 or h\sehold s]vants1 employ$ 9 all family "w1 9 (fices ( p]sonal att5dance1 & 9 su* me*anical labor1 z 0 requir$ by increas+ wants1 & ne$$ repairs4 ,! ,jewi% b\ght s]vants seem almo/ exclusively agricultural4 ,besides be+ bett] fitt$ = x by previ\s habits--agriculture1 & ! t5d+ ( cattle1 7 reg>d$ by ! ,israelites z ! mo/ honorable ( all occupations4 ,aft] ,saul 0 elect$ k+1 & escort$ to ,gibeah1 ! next report ( him is1 ,& behold ,saul came aft] ! h]d out ( ! field4 #a ,sam4 xi4 #g4 ,eli%a 0 pl[+ ) twelve yoke ( ox54 #a ,k+s xix4 #ai4 ,k+ ,uzziah lov$ husb&ry4 #b ,*ron4 xxvi4 #aj4 ,gideon 0 ?re%+ :eat :5 call$ to lead ! ho/ aga9/ ! ,midianites4 ,judg4 vi4 #aa4 ,! sup]ior honorabl5ess ( agriculture1 is %[n1 9 t x 0 protect$ & support$ by ! fundam5tal law ( ! !ocracy--,god indicat+ x z ! *ief prop ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,israelites 7 l p]man5t fixtures on _! soil1 s did !y cl+ to x4 ,to be agriculturali/s on _! own inh]itances1 0 ) !m ! gr& claim to honorable e/imation4 ,agriculture be+ pre-em95tly a ,jewi% employm5t1 to assign a native ,israelite to o!r employm5ts z a bus9ess1 0 to break up 8 habits1 d viol5ce to *]i%$ pr$ilections1 & put him to a k9d ( labor 9 :i* he _h no skill1 & :i* he deem$ degrad+4 ,9 %ort1 x 0 9 ! e>li] ages ( ! ,mosaic sy/em1 practically to unjew him1 a h>d%ip & rigor griev\s to be borne1 z x annihilat$ a visible di/9ction betwe5 ! desc5dants ( ,abraham & ! ,/rang]s4--,to gu>d ?is & ano!r fundam5tal di/9ction1 ,god in/itut$ ! regulation :i* /&s at ! head ( ?is bran* ( our inquiry1 ,if ?y bro!r t dwelle? by !e be wax5 poor1 & be sold unto !e1 ?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant4 ,9 o!r words1 ?\ %alt n put him to s]vant's "w--to ! bus9ess1 & into ! condition ( dome/ics4 ,9 ! ,p]sian v]sion x is translat$ ?us1 ,?\ %alt n assign to him ! "w ( s]vitude4 ,9 ! ,septuag9t1 ,he %all n s]ve !e ) ! s]vice ( a dome/ic4 ,9 ! ,syriac1 ,?\ %alt n employ him aft] ! mann] ( s]vants4 ,9 ! ,sam>itan1 ,?\ %alt n require him to s]ve 9 ! s]vice ( a s]vant4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,onkelos1 ,he %all n s]ve !e ) ! s]vice ( a h\sehold s]vant4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an1 ,?\ %alt n cause him to s]ve accord+ to ! usages ( ! s]vitude ( s]vants4,a ,! mean+ ( ! passage is1 ?\ %alt n assign him to ! same grade1 nor put him to ! same s]vice1 ) p]man5t dome/ics4 ,! rema9d] ( ! regulation is1--,b z an hir$ s]vant & z a soj\rn] %all he be ) !e4 ,hir$ s]vants 7 n incorporat$ into ! families ( _! ma/]s3 !y /ill reta9$ _! own family organization1 )\t ! surr5d] ( any dome/ic privilege1 honor1 or au?ority2 & ?is ev5 ?\gh !y resid$ "u ! same ro( ) _! ma/]4 ,:ile b\ght s]vants 7 associat$ ) _! ma/]'s families at meals1 at ! ,passov]1 & at o!r family fe/ivals1 hir$ s]vants & soj\rn]s 7 n4 ,ex4 xii4 #dd1 #de2 ,lev4 xxii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,hir$ s]vants 7 n subject to ! au?ority ( _! ma/]s 9 any su* s5se z ! ma/]'s wife1 *ildr51 & b\ght s]vants4 ,h5ce ! only =m ( oppress+ hir$ s]vants spok5 ( 9 ! ,scriptures z practicable to ma/]s1 is t ( keep+ back _! wages4 ,to h tak5 away su* privileges 9 ! case "u consid]ation1 w\ld h be5 pre-em95t rigor1 = x 0 n a s]vant born 9 ! h\se ( a ma/]1 n a m9or1 ^: m9ority _h be5 sold by ! fa!r1 nei!r 0 x "o :o _h n yet acc$$ to 8 inh]itance3 nor f9ally1 "o :o _h receiv$ ! assignm5t ( 8 inh]itance1 b 0 work+ (f f x an incumbrance1 be=e ent]+ ^u its possession & control4 ,b x 0 t ( ! head ( a family1 :o _h kn[n bett] days1 n[ r$uc$ to pov]ty1 =c$ to rel9qui% ! lov$ inh]itance ( 8 fa!rs1 ) ! compet5ce & respectful consid]ation its possession secur$ to him1 & to be indebt$ to a neighbor = %elt]1 su/5ance1 & employm5t4 ,s sad a rev]se1 might well claim sympa?y2 b "o consolation *e]s him 9 ! h\se ( 8 pilgrimage2 he is an ,israelite--,abraham is 8 fa!r1 & n[ 9 8 calamity he cl+s clos] ?an ev]1 to ! di/9ction conf]r$ by 8 bir?-"r4 ,to rob him ( ?is1 7 ! unk9de/ cut ( all4 ,to h assign$ him to a grade ( s]vice fill$ only by ^? ^: p]man5t bus9ess 0 s]v+1 w\ld h be5 to rule ov] him ) peculi> rigor4 ,?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant1 or lit]ally1 ?\ %alt n s]ve ?yself ) him1 ) ! s]vice ( a s]vant1 gu>anties 8 political privileges1 & a k9d & grade ( s]vice1 comport+ ) 8 "* & relations z an ,israelite4 ,& z a hir$ s]vant1 & z a soj\rn] %all he be ) !e1 secures to him 8 family organization1 ! respect & au?ority due to its head1 & ! g5]al consid]ation result+ f su* a /ation4 ,be+ already 9 possession ( 8 inh]itance1 & ! head ( a h\sehold1 ! law s arrang$ ! conditions ( 8 s]vice z to alleviate z mu* z possible ! calamity1 :i* _h r$uc$ him f indep5d5ce & au?ority1 to p5ury & subjection4 ,! import ( ! comm& :i* concludes ?is topic 9 ! =ty-?ird v]se1 7,?\ %alt n rule ov] him ) rigor17 is manife/ly ?is1 y %all n disreg>d ^? diff]5ces 9 previ\s associations1 /ation1 au?ority1 & political privileges1 ^u :i* ?is regulation is bas$2 = to hold ?is class ( s]vants irrespective ( ^! di/9ctions1 & annihilat+ !m1 is to rule ) rigor4 ,! same comm& is repeat$ 9 ! =ty-six? v]se1 & appli$ to ! di/9ction betwe5 s]vants ( ,jewi%1 & ^? ( ,g5tile extraction1 & =bids ! ov]look+ ( di/9ctive ,jewi% peculi>ities1 ! disreg>d ( :i* w\ld be rigor\s 9 ! extreme,b4 ,! con/ruction commonly put ^u ! phrase rule ) rigor1 & ! inf]5ce drawn f x1 h an air va/ly oracul>4 ,x is int]pret$ to mean1 y %all n make him a *attel1 & /rip him ( legal protection1 nor =ce him to "w )\t pay4 ,! inf]5ce is l unto x1 viz41 s9ce ! comm& =bade su* outrages ^u ! ,israelites1 x p]mitt$ & commission$ _! infliction ^u ! ,/rang]s4 ,su* impi\s & %all[ smatt]+ captivates sc(f]s & lib]t9es2 its flippancy & blasphemy1 & ! /rong sc5t ( its loose-re9$ lic5se works l a *>m ^u !m4 ,:at boots x to reason aga9/ su* rampant aff9ities6 ,9 ,ex4 i4 #ac1 x is said t ! ,egyptians made ! *ildr5 ( ,israel to s]ve ) rigor4 ,?is rigor is affirm$ ( ! am\nt ( labor extort$ & ! mode ( ! exaction4 ,! expression1 s]ve ) rigor1 is nev] appli$ to ! s]vice ( s]vants "u ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,! phrase1 ?\ %alt n ,,rule ov] him ) rigor1 does n prohibit unreasonable exactions ( labor1 nor inflictions ( cruelty4 ,su* 7 provid$ aga9/ o!rwise4 ,b x =bids conf\nd+ ! di/9ctions betwe5 a ,jew & a ,/rang]1 by assign+ ! =m] to ! same grade ( s]vice1 = ! same t]m ( "t1 & "u ! same political disabilities z ! latt]4 ,footnote ,a3 ,j>*i's comm5t on ,?\ %all n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant is1 ,! ,hebrew s]vant is n to be requir$ to d any ?+ :i* is acc\nt$ degrad+--su* z all (fices ( p]sonal att5dance1 z loos+ 8 ma/]'s %oe-lat*et1 br++ him wat] to wa% 8 feet & h&s1 wait+ on him at table1 dress+ him1 c>ry+ ?+s to & f ! ba?4 ,! ,hebrew s]vant is to "w ) 8 ma/] z a son or bro!r1 9 ! bus9ess ( 8 f>m1 or o!r labor1 until 8 legal release4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! disabilities ( ! ,/rang]s1 :i* 7 di/9ctions1 bas$ on a diff]5t national desc5t1 & important to ! pres]vation ( national *>act]i/ics1 & a national wor%ip1 did n at all affect _! social e/imation4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ accord+ to _! "*1 & wor? z p]sons1 irrespective ( _! =eign orig91 employm5ts1 & political condition4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to review at a glance1 ! condition ( ! diff]5t classes ( s]vants1 ) ! modifications peculi> to ea* class4 ,9 ! possession ( all fundam5tal rights1 all classes ( s]vants 7 on an absolute equality1 all 7 equally protect$ by law 9 _! p]sons1 "*1 prop]ty & social relations2 all 7 volunt>y1 all 7 comp5sat$ = _! labor1 & releas$ f x ne>ly half ( ! days 9 ea* ye>2 all 7 furni%$ ) /at$ in/ruction3 none 9 ei!r class 7 9 any s5se articles ( prop]ty1 all 7 reg>d$ z m51 ) ! rights1 int]e/s1 hopes & de/9ies ( m54 ,9 all ^! respects1 all classes ( s]vants among ! ,israelites1 =m$ b ,,"o ,,class4 ,! diff]5t classes & ! diff]5ces 9 ea* class1 71 7#a47 ,hir$ ,s]vants4 ,?is class consi/$ bo? ( ,israelites & ,/rang]s4 ,_! employm5ts 7 diff]5t4 ,! ,israelite 0 an agricultural s]vant4 ,! ,/rang] 0 a dome/ic & p]sonal s]vant1 & 9 "s in/ances me*anical2 bo? 7 occasional & tempor>y4 ,bo? liv$ 9 _! own families1 _! wages 7 money1 & !y 7 paid :5 _! "w 0 done4 7#b47 ,b\ght ,s]vants1 7includ+ ^? born 9 ! h\se47 ,?is class also1 consi/$ ( ,israelites & ,/rang]s1 ! same diff]5ce 9 _! k9ds ( employm5ts notic$ be=e4 ,bo? 7 paid 9 advance,a1 & nei!r 0 tempor>y4 ,! ,israeliti% s]vant1 ) ! exception ( ! freehold]s 0 releas$ aft] six ye>s4 ,! /rang] 0 a p]man5t s]vant1 cont9u+ until ! jubilee4 ,a m>k$ di/9ction obta9$ also betwe5 diff]5t classes ( ,jewi% b\ght s]vants4 ,ord9>ily1 !y 7 m]g$ 9 _! ma/]'s family1 &1 l 8 wife & *ildr51 subject to 8 au?ority2 7&1 l !m1 protect$ by law f its abuse47 ,b ! freehold] 0 a m>k$ exception3 8 family relations1 & au?ority rema9$ unaffect$1 nor 0 he subject$ z an inf]ior to ! control ( 8 ma/]1 ?\gh dep5d5t ^u him = employm5t4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! paym5t 9 advance1 d\btless less5$ ! price ( ! pur*ase2 ! s]vant ?us hav+ ! use ( ! money1 & ! ma/] assum+ all ! risks ( life & heal? = labor3 at ! expiration ( ! six ye>'s contract1 ! ma/] hav+ suff]$ no loss f ! risk incurr$ at ! mak+ ( x1 0 oblig$ by law to release ! s]vant ) a lib]al gratuity4 ,! reason assign$ = ?is is1 he ha? be5 wor? a d\ble hir$ s]vant unto !e 9 s]v+ !e six ye>s1 z if x _h be5 said1 z y h exp]i5c$ no loss f ! risks ( life1 & ability to labor1 incurr$ 9 ! pur*ase1 & :i* less5$ ! price1 & z1 by be+ y\r s]vant = six ye>s1 he has sav$ y ! "t & tr\ble ( look+ up & hir+ labor]s on em]g5cies1 !re=e1 ?\ %alt furni% him lib]ally1 c4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 m9d1 t bo? classes ( s]vants1 ! ,israelite & ! ,/rang]1 n only enjoy$ equal natural & religi\s rights1 b all ! civil & political privileges enjoy$ by ^? ( _! own p :o 7 n s]vants4 ,!y also %>$ 9 common ) !m ! political disabilities :i* app]ta9$ to all ,/rang]s1 :e!r ! s]vants ( ,jewi% ma/]s1 or ! ma/]s ( ,jewi% s]vants4 ,fur!r1 ! disabilities ( ! s]vants f ! ,/rang]s 7 exclusively political & national4 7#a47 ,!y1 9 common ) all ,/rang]s1 c\ld n own ! soil4 7#b47 ,!y 7 ineligible to civil (fices4 7#c47 ,!y 7 assign$ to employm5ts less honorable ?an ^? 9 :i* ,israeliti% s]vants engag$2 agriculture be+ reg>d$ z fundam5tal to ! exi/5ce ( ! /ate1 o!r employm5ts 7 9 less repute1 & deem$ unjewi%4 ,f9ally1 ! ,/rang]s1 :e!r s]vants or ma/]s1 7 all protect$ equally ) ! desc5dants ( ,abraham4 ,9 respect to political privileges1 _! condition 0 mu* l t ( naturaliz$ =eign]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 :atev] _! weal? or intellig5ce1 or moral pr9ciple1 or love = our in/itutions1 !y c nei!r g to ! ballot-box1 nor own ! soil1 nor be eligible to (fice4 ,let a native ,am]ican1 be sudd5ly b]eft ( ^! privilege1 & load$ ) ! disabilities ( an ali51 & :at to ! =eign] w\ld be a light matt]1 to him1 w\ld be ! sev]ity ( rigor4 ,! rec5t condition ( ! ,jews & ,ca?olics 9 ,engl&1 is ano!r illu/ration4 ,ro?s*ild1 ! late bank]1 ?\gh ! ri*e/ private citiz5 9 ! _w1 & p]haps ma/] ( scores ( ,engli% s]vants1 :o su$ = ! smalle/ crumbs ( 8 favor1 01 z a subject ( ! gov]nm5t1 inf]ior to ! l[e/ among !m4 ,suppose an ,engli%man ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 7 by law depriv$ ( p[] to own ! soil1 ( eligibility to (fice & ( ! electoral fran*ise1 w\ld ,engli%m5 ?9k x a misapplication ( language1 if x 7 said1 ! gov]nm5t rules ov] him ) rigor8 ,& yet 8 p]son1 prop]ty1 reputation1 consci5ce1 all 8 social relations1 ! disposal ( 8 "t1 ! "r ( locomotion at pleasure1 & ( natural lib]ty 9 all respects1 are j z mu* protect$ by law z ! ,"l ,*ancellor's4 ,,f9ally1--,z ! ,mosaic sy/em 0 a great comp\nd type1 rife ) mean+ 9 doctr9e & duty2 ! practical p[] ( ! :ole1 dep5d$ ^u ! exact obs]vance ( ^? di/9ctions & relations :i* con/itut$ its significancy4 ,h5ce1 ! c>e to pres]ve s]ve inviolate ! di/9ction betwe5 a desc5dant ( ,abraham & a ,/rang]1 ev5 :5 ! ,/rang] 0 a proselyte1 _h gone ?r\gh ! initiatory ord9ances1 ent]$ ! congregation1 & become incorporat$ ) ! ,israelites by family alliance4 ,! regulation laid d[n 9 ,ex4 xxi4 #b-f1 is an illu/ration4 ,9 ?is case1 ! ,israeliti% s]vant1 ^: t]m expir$ 9 six ye>s1 m>ri$ "o ( 8 ma/]'s p]man5t female dome/ics2 b h] m>riage1 did n release h] ma/] f 8 "p ( ! contract = h] :ole t]m ( s]vice1 nor f 8 legal obligation to support & educate h] *ildr54 ,nei!r did x d away t di/9ction1 :i* m>k$ h] national desc5t by a specific grade & t]m ( s]vice1 nor impair h] obligation to fulfill h] "p ( ! contract4 ,h] relations z a p]man5t dome/ic grew out ( a di/9ction gu>d$ ) great c>e ?r\gh\t ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,to r5d] x void1 w\ld h be5 to divide ! sy/em aga9/ itself4 ,?is ,god w\ld n tol]ate4 ,nor1 on ! o!r h&1 w\ld he p]mit ! ma/]1 to ?r[ (f ! responsibility ( in/ruct+ h] *ildr51 nor ! c>e & exp5se ( _! helpless infancy & re>+4 ,he 0 b\nd to support & educate !m1 & all h] *ildr5 born aft]w>ds dur+ h] t]m ( s]vice4 ,! :ole arrangem5t beautifully illu/rates t wise & t5d] reg>d = ! int]e/s ( all ! p>ties conc]n$1 :i* arrays ! ,mosaic sy/em 9 robes ( glory1 & causes x to %9e z ! sun 9 ! k+dom ( our ,fa!r4 ,by ?is law1 ! *ildr5 _h secur$ to !m a "m's t5d] c>e4 ,if ! husb& lov$ 8 wife & *ildr51 he c\ld compel 8 ma/] to keep him1 :e!r he _h any occasion = 8 s]vices or n4 ,if he did n love !m1 to be rid ( him 0 a bless+2 & 9 t case1 ! regulation w\ld prove an act = ! relief ( an afflict$ family4 ,x is n by any means to be inf]r$1 t ! release ( ! s]vant 9 ! sev5? ye>1 ei!r absolv$ him f ! obligations ( m>riage1 or %ut him out f ! society ( 8 family4 ,he c\ld d\btless procure a s]vice at no great di/ance f !m1 & might (t5 d x1 to get high] wages1 or a k9d ( employm5t bett] suit$ to 8 ta/e & skill4 ,! great numb] ( days on :i* ! law releas$ s]vants f regul> labor1 w\ld enable him to sp5d mu* m "t ) 8 family1 ?an c be sp5t by mo/ ( ! ag5ts ( our b5evol5t societies ) _! families1 or by _m m]*ants1 editors1 arti/s c41 ^: daily bus9ess is 9 ,new ,york1 :ile _! families reside f t5 to "o hundr$ miles 9 ! c\ntry4 ,we conclude ?is ,inquiry by t\*+ briefly ^u an objection1 :i*1 ?\gh n =mally /at$1 has be5 already set aside by ! :ole t5or ( ! =ego+ argum5t4 ,x is ?is1--,! slav]y ( ! ,canaanites by ! ,israelites1 0 appo9t$ by ,god z a commutation ( ! puni%m5t ( dea? d5\nc$ aga9/ !m = _! s9s4 ,if ! absurdity ( a s5t5ce consign+ p]sons to dea?1 & at ! same "t to p]petual slav]y1 did n suffici5tly laugh at itself1 x w\ld be small self-d5ial1 9 a case s tempt+1 to make up ! defici5cy by a g5]al contribution4 ,=1 be x rememb]$1 only "o /atute 0 ev] giv5 respect+ ! disposition to be made ( ! inhabitants ( ,canaan4 ,if ! s5t5ce ( dea? 0 pron\nc$ aga9/ !m1 & aft]w>ds commut$1 :58 :]e8 by :om8 & 9 :at t]ms 0 ! commutation1 & :]e is x record$8 ,grant1 = argum5t's sake1 t all ! ,canaanites 7 s5t5c$ to unconditional ext]m9ation2 z !re 0 no rev]sal ( ! s5t5ce1 h[ c a "r to enslave !m1 be drawn f su* premises8 ,! puni%m5t ( dea? is "o ( ! highe/ recognitions ( man's moral nature possible4 ,x proclaims him man--rational1 acc\ntable1 guilty1 des]v+ dea? = hav+ done 8 utmo/ to *eap5 human life1 :5 ! pro( ( its priceless wor? liv$ 9 8 own nature4 ,b to make him a slave1 *eap5s to no?+ univ]sal human nature1 & in/ead ( heal+ a w\nd1 gives a dea?-/ab4 ,:at6 repair an injury to rational be+ 9 ! robb]y ( "o ( its rights1 by robb+ x ( all1 & annihilat+ _! f\ndation--! ev]la/+ di/9ction betwe5 p]sons & ?+s8 ,to make a man a *attel1 is n ! puni%m5t1 b ! annihilation ( a human be+1 &1 s f> z x goes1 ( all human be+s4 ,?is commutation ( ! puni%m5t ( dea?1 into p]petual slav]y1 :at a =tunate discov]y6 ,alas6 = ! honor ( ,deity1 if comm5tators _h n mann$ ! =lorn hope1 & by a timely movem5t rescu$ ! ,div9e "*1 at ! v crisis ( its fate1 f ! p]il\s position 9 :i* inspiration _h c>elessly left x6 ,"h a "q arises ( suffici5t importance = a sep>ate diss]tation2 b mu/ = ! pres5t be dispos$ ( 9 a few p>agraphs4 ,,7 ,,! ,,canaanites ,,s5t5c$ ,,by ,,god ,,to ,,individual ,,& ,,unconditional ,,ext]m9ation8 ,z ! limits ( ?is inquiry =bid our giv+ all ! gr\nds ( diss5t f commonly receiv$ op9ions1 ! sugge/ions made1 w be ?r[n out m]ely z ,,qu]ies1 r ?an laid d[n z doctr9es4 ,! directions z to ! disposal ( ! ,canaanites1 are ma9ly 9 ! foll[+ passages3 ,ex4 xxiii4 #bc-cc2 xxxiv4 #aa2 ,deut4 vii4 #af-be2 ix4 #c2 xxxi4 #c-e4 ,9 ^! v]ses1 ! ,israelites are comm&$ to de/roy ! ,canaanites1 drive out1 consume1 utt]ly ov]?r[1 put out1 dispossess !m1 c4 ,did ^! comm&s enjo9 ! unconditional & univ]sal de/ruction ( ! inhabitants or m]ely ( ! body politic8 ,! ^w h>am1 to de/roy1 signifies national1 z well z individual de/ruction1 ! de/ruction ( political exi/5ce1 equally ) p]sonal2 ( gov]nm5tal organization1 equally ) ! lives ( ! subjects4 ,besides1 if we int]pret ! words de/roy1 consume1 ov]?r[1 c41 to mean p]sonal de/ruction1 :at mean+ %all we give to ! expressions1 ?r[ out be=e !e2 ca/ out be=e !e2 expel1 put out1 dispossess1 c41 :i* are us$ 9 ! same passages8 ,i w de/roy all ! p to :om ?\ %alt come1 & ,i w make all ?9e enemies turn _! backs unto !e ,ex4 xxiii4 #bg4 ,"h all ?9e enemies 7 to turn _! backs & all ! p to be de/roy$4 ,does ?is mean t ,god w\ld let all _! enemies escape1 b kill all _! fri5ds1 or t he w\ld fir/ kill all ! p & ,,!n make !m turn _! backs1 an army ( runaway corpses8 ,if ^! comm&s requir$ ! de/ruction ( all ! inhabitants1 ! ,mosaic law 0 at w> ) itself1 = directions z to ! treatm5t ( native resid5ts =m a l>ge "p ( x4 ,see ,lev4 xix4 #cd2 xxv4 #ce1 #cf2 xx4 #bb4 ,ex4 xxiii4 #i2 xxii4 #ba2 ,deut4 i4 #af1 #ag2 x4 #ag1 #ai1 xxvii4 #ai4 ,we f9d1 also t provision 0 made = !m 9 ! cities ( refuge4 ,num4 xxxv4 #ae2--! glean+s ( ! h>ve/ & v9tage 7 !irs1 ,lev4 xix4 #i1 #aj2 xxiii4 #bb2--! bless+s ( ! ,sabba?1 ,ex4 xx4 #aj2--! privilege ( (f]+ sacrifices secur$1 ,lev4 xxii4 #ah2 & /at$ religi\s in/ruction provid$ = !m1 ,deut4 xxxi4 #i1 #ab4 ,n[ does ?is same law require ! individual ext]m9ation ( ^? ^: lives & int]e/s x ?us protects8 ,^! laws 7 giv5 to ! ,israelites1 long be=e !y ent]$ ,canaan2 & !y mu/ h inf]r$ f !m t a multitude ( ! inhabitants ( ! l& 7 to cont9ue 9 x1 "u _! gov]nm5t4 ,aga9 ,jo%ua 0 select$ z ! lead] ( ,israel to execute ,god's ?reat5+s ^u ,canaan4 ,he _h no discretion>y p[]4 ,god's comm&s 7 8 (ficial in/ructions4 ,go+ beyond !m w\ld h be5 usurpation2 refus+ to c>ry !m out rebellion & treason4 ,saul 0 reject$ f be+ k+ = disobey+ god's comm&s 9 a s+le in/ance4 ,n[1 if ,god comm&$ ! individual de/ruction ( all ! ,canaanites4 ,jo%ua disobey$ him 9 e in/ance4 ,= at 8 dea?1 ! ,israelites /ill dwelt among !m1 & ea* nation is m5tion$ by "n4 ,judg4 i4 #e1 & yet we are told t ,jo%ua left no?+ undone ( all t ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses2 & t he took all t l&4 ,jo%4 xi4 #ae-bb4 ,also1 t !re /ood n a man ( all _! enemies be=e !m4 ,h[ c ?is be1 if ! comm& to de/roy enjo9$ individual ext]m9ation1 & ! comm& to drive out1 unconditional expulsion f ! c\ntry1 r ?an _! expulsion f ! possession or own]%ip ( x1 z ! lords ( ! soil8 ,true1 multitudes ( ! ,canaanites 7 sla91 b n a case c be f\nd 9 :i* "o 0 ei!r kill$ or expell$ :o acquiesc$ 9 ! transf] ( ! t]ritory1 & its sov]eignty1 f ! inhabitants ( ! l& to ! ,israelites4 ,witness ! case ( ,rahab & h] k9dr$1 & ! ,gibeonites,a4 ,! ,canaanites knew ( ! miracles wr\ght = ! ,israelites2 & t _! l& _h be5 transf]r$ to !m z a judgm5t = _! s9s4 ,jo%4 ii4 #i-aa2 ix4 #i1 #aj1 #bd4 ,_m ( !m 7 aw$ by ^! wond]s1 & made no resi/ance4 ,o!rs defi$ ,god & came out to battle4 ,^! occupi$ ! =tifi$ cities1 7 ! mo/ invet]ate hea!n--! ari/ocracy ( idolatry1 ! k+s1 ! nobility & g5try1 ! prie/s1 ) _! cr[ds ( satellite1 & reta9]s t aid$ 9 idolatr\s rites1 & ! milit>y =ces1 ) ! *ief pr(ligates ( bo? sexes4 ,_m facts corroborate ! g5]al position4 ,su* z ! multitude ( tribut>ies 9 ! mid/ ( ,israel1 & t too1 aft] !y _h wax$ /rong1 & ! utt]mo/ nations quak$ at ! t]ror ( _! "n--! ,canaanites1 ,phili/9es1 & o!rs1 :o became proselytes--z ! ,ne!nims1 ,uriah ! ,hittite--,rahab1 :o m>ri$ "o ( ! pr9ces ( ,judah--,ittai--! six hundr$ ,gitites--,david's body gu>d4 #b ,sam4 xv4 #ah1 #ba4 ,ob$$om ! ,gittite1 adopt$ into ! tribe ( ,levi4 ,comp4 #b ,sam4 vi4 #aj1 #aa1 ) #a ,*ron4 xv4 #ah1 & #a ,*ron4 xxvi4 #de--;,jaziz1 & ,obil4 #a ,*ron4 xxvi4 #cj1 #ca1 #cc4 ,jephunneh ! fa!r ( ,caleb1 ! ,k5ite1 regi/]$ 9 ! g5ealogies ( ! tribe ( ,judah1 & ! "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& ,canaanites1 employ$ by ,solomon 9 ! build+ ( ! ,temple,b4 ,besides1 ! greate/ miracle on record1 0 wr\ght to save a portion ( ^? v ,canaanites1 & = ! de/ruction ( ^? :o w\ld ext]m9ate !m4 ,jo%4 x4 #ab-ad4 ,fur!r--! t]ms employ$ 9 ! directions regulat+ ! disposal ( ! ,canaanites1 su* z drive out1 put out1 ca/ out1 expel1 dispossess1 c4 seem us$ int]*angeably ) consume1 de/roy1 ov]?r[1 c41 & ?us indicate ! s5se 9 :i* ! latt] words are us$4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! mean+ g5]ally atta*$ to ^! & simil> t]ms1 we ref] to ! hi/ory ( ! ,amelekites4 ,i w utt]ly put out ! remembrance ( ,amelek f "u heav54 ,ex4 xxvii4 #ad4 ,?\ %alt blot out ! remembrance ( ,amelek f "u heav52 ?\ %alt n =get x4 ,deut4 xxv4 #ai4 ,smite ,amelek & utt]ly de/roy all t !y h1 & sp>e !m n1 b slay bo? man & woman1 infant & suckl+1 ox & %eep4 #a ,sam4 xv4 #b1 #c4 ,saul smote ! ,amelekites1 & took ,agag ! k+ ( ! ,amelekites1 alive & ,,utt]ly ,,de/roy$ ,,all ,,! ,,p ) ! edge ( ! sword4 ,v]ses #g1 #h4 ,9 v]se #bj1 ,saul says1 ,i h br\ght ,agag1 ! k+ ( ,amelek1 & h utt]ly de/roy$ ! ,amelekites4 ,9 #a ,sam4 xxx4 we f9d ! ,amelekites m>*+ an army into ,israel1 & sweep+ ev]y?+ be=e !m--& ?is 9 ab\t eighte5 ye>s aft] !y _h all be5 ,,utt]ly ,,de/roy$6 ,deut4 xx4 #af1 #ag1 w probably be quot$ aga9/ ! prec$+ view4 ,we argue t ! comm& 9 ^! v]ses1 did n include all ! individuals ( ! ,canaaniti% nations1 b only ! inhabitants ( ! cities1 7& ev5 ^? conditionally17 because1 only ! inhabitants ( ! cities are specifi$1--( ! cities ( ^! p ?\ %alt save alive no?+ t brea!?4 ,cities !n1 z n[1 7 pe/-h\ses ( vice--!y reek$ ) abom9ations little practic$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,on ?is acc\nt _! influ5ce w\ld be f> m p]il\s to ! ,israelites ?an t ( ! c\ntry4 ,besides1 !y 7 ! c5tres ( idolatry--!re 7 ! temples & alt>s1 & idols1 & prie/s1 )\t numb]4 ,ev5 _! build+s1 /reets1 & public walks 7 s _m visibilities ( idolatry4 ,! reason assign$ 9 ! #ah? v]se = ext]m9at+ !m1 /r5g!ns ! idea1--t !y tea* y n to d aft] all ! abom9ations :i* !y h done unto _! gods4 ,?is w\ld be a reason = ext]m9at+ all ! nations & individuals ar\nd !m1 z all 7 idolat]s2 b ,god comm&$ !m1 9 c]ta9 cases1 to sp>e ! inhabitants4 ,contact ) any ( !m w\ld be p]il\s--) ! inhabitants ( ! cities peculi>ly1 & ( ! ,canaaniti% cities pre-em95tly s4 ,! #aj? & #aa? v]ses conta9 ! g5]al rule prescrib+ ! me?od 9 :i* cities 7 to be summon$ to surr5d]4 ,!y 7 fir/ to receive ! (f] ( peace--if x 0 accept$1 ! inhabitants became tribut>ies--b if !y came out aga9/ ,israel 9 battle1 ! m5 7 to be kill$1 & ! wom5 & little ones sav$ alive4 ,! #ae? v]se re/ricts ?is l5i5t treatm5t to ! inhabitants ( ! cities af> (f4 ,! #af? directs z to ! disposal ( ! inhabitants ( ,canaaniti% cities4 ,!y 7 to save alive no?+ t brea!d4 ,! common mi/ake has be51 9 suppos+ t ! comm& 9 ! #ae? v]se ref]s to ! :ole sy/em ( directions prec$+1 comm5c+ ) ! #aj?1 :]eas x manife/ly ref]s only to ! inflictions specifi$ 9 ! #ab?1 #ac?1 & #ad?1 mak+ a di/9ction betwe5 ^? ,canaaniti% cities t f\ght1 & ! cities af> (f t f\ght--9 "o case de/roy+ ! males & females1 & 9 ! o!r1 ! males only4 ,! (f] ( peace1 & ! conditional pres]vation1 7 z really gu>anti$ to ,canaaniti% cities z to o!rs4 ,_! inhabitants 7 n to be ext]m9at$ unless !y came out aga9/ ,israel 9 battle4 ,b let u settle ?is "q by ! law & ! te/imony4 ,!re 0 n a city t made peace ) ! *ildr5 ( ,israel save ! ,hivites1 ! inhabitants ( ,gibeon2 all o!rs !y took 9 battle4 ,= x 0 ( ! ,"l to h>d5 _! he>ts1 t !y %\ld ,,come ,,out ,,aga9/ ,,israel ,,9 ,,battle1 t he might de/roy !m utt]ly1 & t !y might h no favor1 b t he might de/roy !m1 z ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses4 ,jo%4 xix4 #ai1 #bj4 ,t is1 if !y _h n come out aga9/ ,israel 9 battle1 !y w\ld h _h favor %[n !m1 & w\ld n h be5 de/roy$ utt]ly4 ,! great design 0 to transf] ! t]ritory ( ! ,canaanites to ! ,israelites1 & along ) x1 absolute sov]eignty 9 e respect2 to annihilate _! political organizations1 civil polity1 & jurisprud5ce & _! sy/em ( religion1 ) all its rights & app5dages2 & to sub/itute !re=1 a pure !ocracy1 adm9i/]$ by ,jehovah1 ) ! ,israelites z ,8 repres5tatives & ag5ts4 ,9 a ^w ! p 7 to be d5ationaliz$1 _! political exi/5ce annihilat$1 _! idol temples1 alt>s1 images groves & hea!n rites de/roy$1 & !mselves put "u tribute4 ,^? :o resi/$ ! execution ( ,jehovah's purpose 7 to be kill$1 :ile ^? :o quietly submitt$ to x 7 to be sp>$4 ,all _h ! *oice ( ^! alt]natives1 ei!r free egress out ( ! l&,c2 or acquiesc5ce 9 ! decree1 ) life & resid5ce z tribut>ies1 "u ! protection ( ! gov]nm5t2 or resi/ance to ! execution ( ! decree1 ) dea?4 ,& x %all come to pass1 if !y w dilig5tly le>n ! ways ( my p1 to swe> by my "n1 ! ,"l live? z !y taught my p to swe> by ,baal2 ,,!n ,,%all ,,!y ,,be ,,built ,,9 ,,! ,,mid/ ,,( ,,my ,,p4 ,footnote ,a3 ,p]haps x w be object$1 t ! pres]vation ( ! ,gibeonites1 & ( ,rahab & h] k9dr$1 0 a violation ( ! comm& ( ,god4 ,we answ]1 if x _h be51 we might expect "s su* intimation4 ,if ,god _h /rictly comm&$ !m to ext]m9ate all ! ,canaanites1 _! pl$ge to save !mselves 0 nei!r a repeal ( ! /atute1 nor absolution = ! brea* ( x4 ,if unconditional de/ruction 0 ! import ( ! comm&1 w\ld ,god h p]mitt$ su* an act to pass )\t rebuke8 ,w\ld he h e/abli%$ su* a prec$5t :5 ,israel _h h>dly pass$ ! ?re%old ( ,canaan1 & 0 !n /rik+ ! fir/ bl[ ( a half c5tury w>8 ,:at if !y _h pass$ _! ^w to ,rahab & ! ,gibeonites8 ,0 t m b9d+ ?an ,god's comm&8 ,s ,saul seems to h pass$ 8 ^w to ,agag2 yet ,samuel hew$ him 9 pieces1 because 9 sav+ 8 life1 ,saul _h violat$ ,god's comm&4 ,:5 ,saul s\ght to slay ! ,gibeonites 9 8 zeal = ! *ildr5 ( ,israel & ,judah1 ,god s5t ^u ,israel ?ree ye>s fam9e = x4 ,:5 ,david inquir$ ( !m :at atonem5t he %\ld make1 !y say1 ,! man t devis$ aga9/ u1 t we %\ld be de/roy$ f rema9+ 9 any ( ! coa/s ( ,israel1 let sev5 ( 8 sons be deliv]$1 c4 #b ,sam4 xxii4 #a-f4 ,footnote ,b3 ,if ! ,canaanites 7 devot$ by ,god to unconditional ext]m9ation1 to h employ$ !m 9 ! erection ( ! temple1--:at 0 x b ! climax ( impiety8 ,z well might !y pollute its alt>s ) sw9e's fle%1 or make _! sons pass ?r\gh ! fire to ,molo*4 ,footnote ,c3 ,suppose all ! ,canaaniti% nations _h ab&on$ _! t]ritory at ! tid+s ( ,israel's approa*1 did ,god's comm& require ! ,israelites to *ase !m to ! ends ( ! e>? & hunt !m out1 until e ,canaanite 0 de/roy$8 ,x is too prepo/]\s = belief & yet x foll[s legitimately f t con/ruction1 :i* int]prets ! t]ms consume1 de/roy1 de/roy utt]ly1 c4 to mean unconditional1 individual ext]m9ation4 ,! orig9al design ( ! prec$+ ,inquiry embrac$ a mu* wid] range ( topics4 ,x 0 soon f\nd1 h[ev]1 t to fill up ! outl9e w\ld be to make a volume4 ,mu* ( ! =ego+ has !re=e be5 ?r[n into a m]e s]ies ( indices1 to tra9s ( ?\ght & classes ( pro( :i*1 h[ev] limit$ or imp]fect1 may p]haps1 af=d "s facilities to ^? :o h little leisure = protract$ inve/igation4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9] ,,no #d4 ,,! ,,bible ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y4 ,,an ,,inquiry ,,into ,,! ,,patri>*al ,,& ,,mosaic ,,sy/ems ,,on ,,! ,,subject ,,( ,,human ,,rights4 ,f\r? ,edition--,enl>g$4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahch4 ,?is ,no4 conta9s #g %eets3--,po/age1 "u #ajj miles1 #aj #a_/b c5ts2 ov] #ajj miles1 #ad c5ts4 ,please read & ,circulate4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,slav]y1 ,,negative1 ,,affirmative1 ,,legal1 ,,! ,,moral ,,law ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,n ,,/eal1 ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,n ,,covet1 ,,man-,,/eal+--,,exam9ation ,,( ,,ex4 xxi4 #af1 ,,sep>ation ,,( ,,man ,,f ,,brutes ,,& ,,?+s1 ,,import ,,( ,,buy ,,& ,,b\ght ,,) ,,money1 ,,s]vants ,,sold ,,!mselves1 ,,rights ,,& ,,privileges ,,secur$ ,,by ,,law ,,to ,,s]vants1 ,,s]vants ,,7 ,,volunt>y1 ,,runaway ,,s]vants ,,n ,,to ,,be ,,deliv]$ ,,to ,,_! ,,ma/]s1 ,,s]vants ,,7 ,,paid ,,wages1 ,,ma/]s ,,n ,,own]s1 ,,s]vants ,,n ,,subject$ ,,to ,,! ,,uses ,,( ,,prop]ty1 ,,s]vants ,,expressly ,,di/+ui%$ ,,f ,,prop]ty1 ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,g54 xii4 #e4--,,! ,,s\ls ,,t ,,!y ,,_h ,,gott51 c4 ,,social ,,equality ,,( ,,s]vants ,,& ,,ma/]s1 ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,gibeonites ,,z ,,subjects ,,( ,,! ,,hebrew ,,commonweal?1 ,,egyptian ,,bondage ,,contra/$ ,,) ,,am]ican ,,slav]y1 ,,condition ,,( ,,am]ican ,,slaves1 ,,ill ,,f$1 ,,ill ,,clo!d1 ,,ov]-,,work$1 ,,_! ,,dwell+ ,,unfit ,,= ,,human ,,be+s1 ,,moral ,,condition--,,hea!ns1 ,,objections ,,consid]$4 ,,curs$ ,,be ,,canaan1 c4--,,exam9ation ,,( ,,g54 ix4 #be1 ,,= ,,he ,,is ,,8 ,,money1 c4--,,exam9ation ,,( ,,ex4 xxi4 #bj1 #ba1 ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,lev4 xxv4 #dd-df1 ,,bo? ,,?y ,,bondm51 c41 ,,%all ,,be ,,( ,,! ,,hea!n1 ,,( ,,!m ,,%all ,,ye ,,buy1 ,,!y ,,%all ,,be ,,y\r ,,bondm5 ,,=ev]1 ,,ye ,,%all ,,take ,,!m ,,z ,,an ,,inh]itance1 c4 ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,lev4 xxv4 #ci1 #dj4--,,! ,,freehold] ,,n ,,to ,,s]ve ,,z ,a ,,bond ,,s]vant1 ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,hir$ ,,& ,,b\ght ,,s]vants1 ,,b\ght ,,s]vants ,,! ,,mo/ ,,favor$ ,,& ,,honor$ ,,class1 ,,israelites ,,& ,,/rang]s ,,belong$ ,,to ,,bo? ,,classes1 ,,israelites ,,s]vants ,,to ,,! ,,/rang]s1 ,,reasons ,,= ,,! ,,release ,,( ,,! ,,israeliti% ,,s]vants ,,9 ,,! ,,sev5? ,,ye>1 ,,reasons ,,= ,,assign+ ,,! ,,/rang]s ,,to ,a ,,long] ,,s]vice1 ,,reasons ,,= ,,call+ ,,!m ,,! ,,s]vants1 ,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,s]vice ,,assign$ ,,to ,,! ,,israelites ,,& ,,/rang]s1 ,,review ,,( ,,all ,,! ,,classes ,,( ,,s]vants ,,) ,,! ,,modifications ,,( ,,ea*1 ,,political ,,disabilities ,,( ,,! ,,/rang]s1 ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,ex4 xxi4 #b-f4--;,,if ,,?\ ,,buy ,,an ,,hebrew ,,s]vant1 ,,! ,,canaanites ,,n ,,s5t5c$ ,,to ,,unconditional ,,ext]m9ation1 ,,! ,,bible ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y4 ,! _s ( slav]y nev] seeks refuge 9 ! ,bible ( its own accord4 ,! horns ( ! alt> are its la/ resort--seiz$ only 9 desp]ation1 z x ru%es f ! t]ror ( ! av5g]'s arm4 ,l o!r unclean spirits1 x hate? ! light1 nei!r come? to ! light1 le/ its de$s %\ld be reprov$4 ,goad$ to phr5zy 9 its conflicts ) consci5ce & common s5se1 d5i$ all qu>t]1 & hunt$ f e cov]t1 x vaults ov] ! sacr$ inclosure & c\rses up & d[n ! ,bible1 seek+ re/1 & f9d+ none4 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,love1 gl[+ on e page1 fla%es ar\nd x an omnipres5t angui% & despair4 ,x %r9ks f ! hat$ light1 & h[ls "u ! consum+ t\*1 z demons quail$ be=e ! ,son ( ,god1 & %riek$1 ,torm5t u n4 ,at la/1 x sl9ks away "u ! types ( ! ,mosaic sy/em1 & seeks to burr[ out ( sight among _! %ad[s4 ,va9 hope6 ,its asylum is its sepul*re2 its city ( refuge1 ! city ( de/ruction4 ,x flies f light into ! sun2 f heat1 into dev\r+ fire2 & f ! voice ( ,god into ! ?icke/ ( ,8 ?und]s4 ,,def9ition ,,( ,,slav]y4 ,if we w\ld "k :e!r ! ,bible sanctions slav]y1 we mu/ det]m9e :at slav]y is4 ,an elem5t1 is "o ?+2 a relation1 ano!r2 an app5dage1 ano!r4 ,relations & app5dages presuppose o!r ?+s to :i* !y belong4 ,to reg>d !m z ! ?+s !mselves1 or z con/itu5t p>ts ( !m1 leads to endless fallacies4 ,m]e political disabilities are (t5 conf\nd$ ) slav]y2 s are _m relations1 & t5ures1 indisp5sible to ! social /ate4 ,we w specify "s ( ^!4 #a4 ,,privation ,,( ,,suffrage4 ,!n m9ors are slaves4 #b4 ,,ineligibility ,,to ,,(fice4 ,!n females are slaves4 #c4 ,,taxation ,,)\t ,,repres5tation4 ,!n slavehold]s 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia are slaves4 #d4 ,,privation ,,( ,,"o',s ,,oa? ,,9 ,,law4 ,!n a!i/s are slaves4 #e4 ,,privation ,,( ,,trial ,,by ,,jury4 ,!n all 9 ,france are slaves4 #f4 ,,be+ ,,requir$ ,,to ,,support ,a ,,p>ticul> ,,religion4 ,!n ! p ( ,engl& are slaves4 #g4 ,,appr5tice%ip4 ,! rights & duties ( ma/] & appr5tice are correlative4 ,! claim ( ea* ^u ! o!r results f 8 obligation to ! o!r4 ,appr5tice%ip is bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( equival5t = value receiv$4 ,! rights ( ! appr5tice are secur$1 equally ) ^? ( ! ma/]4 ,inde$ :ile ! law is j to ! =m] x is b5evol5t to ! latt]2 its ma9 design be+ r to b5efit ! appr5tice ?an ! ma/]4 ,to ! ma/] x secures a m]e comp5sation--to ! appr5tice1 bo? a comp5sation & a virtual gratuity 9 addition1 he be+ ( ! two ! greate/ ga9]4 ,! law n only recognizes ! "r ( ! appr5tice to a rew>d = 8 labor1 b appo9ts ! wages1 & en=ces ! paym5t4 ,! ma/]'s claim cov]s only ! s]vices ( ! appr5tice4 ,! appr5tice's claim cov]s equally ! s]vices ( ! ma/]4 ,nei!r c hold ! o!r z prop]ty2 b ea* holds prop]ty 9 ! s]vices ( ! o!r1 & ,,bo? ,,equally4 ,is ?is slav]y8 #h4 ,,filial ,,subord9ation ,,& ,,p>5tal ,,claims4 ,bo? are nature's dictates1 & intr9sic elem5ts ( ! social /ate2 ! natural affections :i* bl5d p>5t & *ild 9 "o1 excite ea* to dis*>ge ^? (fices incid5tal to ! relation1 & are a %ield = mutual protection4 ,! p>5t's legal claim to ! *ild's s]vices1 is a slight return = ! c>e & toil ( 8 re>+1 exclusively ( outlays = support & education4 ,?is provision is1 ) ! mass ( mank9d1 indisp5sable to ! pres]vation ( ! family /ate4 ,! *ild1 9 help+ 8 p>5ts1 helps himself--increases a common /ock1 9 :i* he has a %>e2 :ile 8 mo/ fai?ful s]vices d b ackn[l$ge a debt t money _c cancel4 #i4 ,,claims ,,( ,,gov]nm5t ,,on ,,subjects4 ,gov]nm5ts owe _! subjects protection2 subjects owe j gov]nm5ts allegiance & support4 ,! obligations ( bo? are reciprocal1 & ! b5efits receiv$ by bo? are mutual1 equal1 & volunt>ily r5d]$4 #aj4 ,,bondage ,,= ,,crime4 ,mu/ innoc5ce be puni%$ because guilt suff]s p5alties8 ,true1 ! crim9al works = ! gov]nm5t )\t pay2 & well he may4 ,he owes ! gov]nm5t4 ,a c5tury's "w w\ld n pay its drafts on him4 ,he w die a public default]4 ,because laws make m5 pay _! debts1 %all ^? be =c$ to pay :o owe no?+8 ,! law makes no crim9al1 ,,prop]ty4 ,x re/ra9s 8 lib]ty1 & makes him pay some?+1 a m]e p5ny 9 ! p\nd1 ( 8 debt to ! gov]nm5t2 b x does n make him a *attel4 ,te/ x4 ,to own prop]ty1 is to own its product4 ,are *ildr5 born ( convicts1 gov]nm5t prop]ty8 ,besides1 c prop]ty be guilty8 ,c *attels des]ve puni%m5t8 #aa4 ,,re/ra9ts ,,^u ,,fre$om4 ,*ildr5 are re/ra9$ by p>5ts1 pupils1 by tea*]s1 pati5ts1 by physicians1 corporations1 by *>t]s1 & legislatures1 by con/itutions4 ,emb>goes1 t>iffs1 qu>ant9e1 & all o!r laws1 keep m5 f do+ z !y please4 ,re/ra9ts are ! web ( civiliz$ society1 w>p & wo(4 ,are !y slav]y8 !n a gov]nm5t ( ,,law1 is ! climax ( slav]y6 #ab4 ,,involunt>y ,,or ,,compulsory ,,s]vice4 ,a juryman is empannell$ aga9/ 8 w1 & sit he mu/4 ,a %]iff ord]s 8 posse2 by/&]s mu/ turn 94 ,m5 are compell$ to remove nuisances1 pay f9es & taxes1 support _! families1 & turn to ! "r z ! law directs1 h[ev] mu* aga9/ _! wills4 ,are !y !re=e slaves8 ,to conf\nd slav]y ) involunt>y s]vice is absurd4 ,slav]y is a condition4 ,! slave's feel+s t[>d x _c alt] its nature4 ,:e!r he desires or dete/s x1 ! condition rema9s ! same4 ,! slave's will+ness to be a slave is no palliation ( ! slavehold]'s guilt4 ,suppose he %\ld really believe himself a *attel1 & cons5t to be s reg>d$ by o!rs1 w\ld t make him a *attel1 or make ^? guiltless :o hold him z su*8 ,i may be sick ( life1 & ,i tell ! assass9 s t /abs me2 is he any ! less a murd]]8 ,does my cons5t to 8 crime1 atone = x8 my p>tn]%ip 9 8 guilt1 blot out 8 "p ( x8 ,! slave's will+ness to be a slave1 s f> f less5+ ! guilt ( 8 own]1 aggravates x4 ,if slav]y has s palsi$ 8 m9d t he looks ^u himself z a *attel1 & cons5ts to be "o1 actually to hold him z su*1 falls 9 ) 8 delusion1 & confirms ! impi\s falsehood4 ,^! v feel+s & convictions ( ! slave1 7if su* 7 possible7 increase a hundr$ fold ! guilt ( ! ma/]1 & call ^u him 9 ?und]1 imm$iately to recognize him z a ,,man1 & ?us break ! sorc]y t *eats him out ( 8 bir?right--! consci\sness ( 8 wor? & de/9y4 ,_m ( ! =ego+ conditions are app5dages ( slav]y1 b no "o1 nor all ( !m toge!r1 con/itute its intr9sic un*ang+ elem5t4 ,,enslav+ ,,m5 ,,is ,,r$uc+ ,,!m ,,to ,,articles ,,( ,,prop]ty--mak+ free ag5ts1 *attels--conv]t+ p]sons into ?+s--s9k+ immortality into m]*&ize4 ,a slave is "o held 9 ?is condition4 ,9 law1 he owns no?+1 & c acquire no?+4 ,8 "r to himself is abrogat$4 ,if he say my h&s1 my body1 my m9d1 ,,myself1 !y are figures ( spee*4 ,to use himself = 8 own good1 is a crime4 ,to keep :at he e>ns1 is /eal+4 ,to take 8 body into 8 own keep+1 is insurrection4 ,9 a ^w1 ! pr(it ( 8 ma/] is made ! ,,end ( 8 be+1 & he1 a m]e means to t end--a m]e means to an end into :i* 8 int]e/s d n ent]1 ( :i* !y con/itute no portion,a4 ,,man1 sunk to a ?+6 ! intr9sic elem5t1 ! pr9ciple ( slav]y2 ,,m51 b>t]$1 leas$1 mortgag$1 bequea!d1 invoic$1 %ipp$ 9 c>goes1 /or$ z goods1 tak5 on executions1 & knock$ (f at a public outcry6 ,_! rights1 ano!r's conv5i5ces2 _! int]e/s1 w>es on sale2 _! happ9ess1 a h\sehold ut5sil2 _! p]sonal inali5able own]%ip1 a s]viceable article or a play?+1 z be/ suits ! hum\r ( ! h\r2 _! dea?less nature1 consci5ce1 social affections1 sympa?ies1 hopes--m>ketable commodities6 ,we repeat x1 ,,! ,,r$uction ,,( ,,p]sons ,,to ,,?+s6 ,n robb+ a man ( privileges1 b ( himself2 n load+ him ) burd5s1 b mak+ him a bea/ ( burd52 n re/ra9+ lib]ty1 b subv]t+ x2 n curtail+ rights1 b aboli%+ !m2 n inflict+ p]sonal cruelty1 b annihilat+ p]sonality2 n exact+ involunt>y labor1 b s9k+ man into an implem5t ( labor2 n abridg+ human com=ts1 b abrogat+ human nature2 n depriv+ an animal ( immunities1 b despoil+ a rational be+ ( attributes--uncreat+ a ,,man1 to make room = a ?+6 ,footnote ,a3 ,to deprive human nature ( any ( its rights is oppression2 to take away ! f\ndation ( its rights is slav]y4 ,9 o!r words1 :atev] s9ks man f an ,,end to a m]e means1 j s f> makes him a slave4 ,h5ce ,we/-,india appr5tice%ip reta9$ ! c>d9al pr9ciple ( slav]y4 ,! appr5tice1 dur+ ?ree-f\r?s ( 8 "t1 0 =c$ to labor1 & robb$ ( 8 e>n+s2 j s f> =? he 0 a m]e means1 a slave4 ,true 9 o!r respects slav]y 0 aboli%$ 9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies ,augu/1 #ahcd4 ,its bloodie/ features 7 blott$ out--b ! meane/ & mo/ despicable ( all--=c+ ! poor to "w = ! ri* )\t pay ?ree f\r?s ( _! "t1 ) a legal (fic] to flog !m if !y demurr$ at ! outrage1 0 "o ( ! provisions ( ! ,emancipation ,act6 ,= ! glories ( t lum9>y1 abolitioni/s ?ank$ ,god1 :ile !y m\rn$ t x rose beh9d cl\ds & %one ?r\gh an eclipse4 ,we/ ,india appr5tice%ip is n[ 7,augu/ #ahch7 aboli%$4 ,on ! fir/ ( ! pres5t mon?1 e slave 9 e ,briti% isl& & colony /ood up a freeman6--,note to f\r? edition4 ,t ?is is ,am]ican slav]y1 is %[n by ! laws ( slave /ates4 ,judge ,/r\d1 9 8 ,sket* ( ! ,laws relat+ to ,slav]y1 says1 ,! c>d9al pr9ciple ( slav]y1 t ! slave is n to be rank$ among s5ti5t be+s1 b among ?+s--obta9s z und\bt$ law 9 all ( ^! ! slave /ates4 ,! law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a says1 ,slaves %all be deem$1 held1 tak51 reput$1 & adjudg$ 9 law to be *attels p]sonal 9 ! h&s ( _! own]s & possessors1 & _! executors1 adm9i/rators1 & assigns1 to ,,all ,,int5ts1 ,,con/ructions1 ,,& ,,purposes ,,:atsoev]4 ,brev4 ,dig41 #bbi4 ,9 ,l\isiana1 ,a slave is "o :o is 9 ! p[] ( a ma/] to :om he belongs2 ! ma/] may sell him1 dispose ( 8 p]son1 8 indu/ry1 & 8 labor2 he c d no?+1 possess no?+1 nor acquire any ?+1 b :at mu/ belong to 8 ma/]4--,civ4 ,code1 ,art4 #ce4 ,?is is ,am]ican slav]y4 ,! et]nal di/9ction betwe5 a p]son & a ?+1 trampl$ "u foot--! cr[n+ di/9ction ( all o!rs--alike ! s\rce1 ! te/1 & ! measure ( _! value--! rational1 immortal pr9ciple1 consecrat$ by ,god to univ]sal homage 9 a baptism ( glory & honor1 by ! gift ( 8 ,son1 8 ,_s1 8 ^w1 8 pres5ce1 provid5ce1 & p[]2 8 %ield1 & /aff1 & %elt]+ w+2 8 op5+ heav5s1 & angels m9i/]+1 & *>iots ( fire1 & songs ( morn+ />s1 & a great voice 9 heav5 proclaim+ et]nal sanctions1 & confirm+ ! ^w ) signs foll[+4 ,hav+ /at$ ! pr9ciple ( ,am]ican slav]y1 we ask1 ,,does ,,! ,,bible ,,sanction ,,su* ,a ,,pr9ciple8,a ,to ! law & ! te/imony8 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,bible record ( actions is no comm5t on _! moral "*4 ,x v\*es = !m z facts1 n z virtues4 ,x records )\t rebuke1 ,noah's drunk5ness1 ,lot's ince/1 & ! lies ( ,jacob & 8 "m--n only s+le acts1 b usages1 su* z polygamy & concub9age1 are ent]$ on ! record )\t c5sure4 ,is t sil5t entry ,god's endorsem5t8 ,because ! ,bible 9 its catalogue ( human actions1 does n /amp on e crime its "n & numb]1 & write aga9/ x1 ?is is a crime--does t wa% out its guilt1 & blea* x into a virtue8 ,,! ,,moral ,,law ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y4 ,j aft] ! ,israelites 7 emancipat$ f _! bondage 9 ,egypt1 :ile !y /ood be=e ,s9ai to receive ! law1 z ! trumpet wax$ l\d]1 & ! m\nt quak$ & blaz$1 ,god spake ! t5 comm&m5ts f ! mid/ ( cl\ds & ?und]+s4 ,two ( ^? comm&m5ts deal dea? to slav]y4 ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,n ,,/eal1 or1 ?\ %alt n take f ano!r :at belongs to him4 ,all man's p[]s are ,god's gift to ,,him4 ,ea* ( !m is a "p ( himself1 & all ( !m toge!r con/itute himself4 ,all else t belongs to man1 is acquir$ by ! use ( ^! p[]s4 ,! int]e/ belongs to him1 because ! pr9cipal does2 ! product is 81 because he is ! produc]4 ,own]%ip ( any ?+1 is own]%ip ( its use4 ,! "r to use accord+ to w1 is itself own]%ip4 ,! eigh? comm&m5t presupposes & assumes ! "r ( e man to 8 p[]s1 & _! product4 ,slav]y robs ( bo?4 ,a man's "r to himself1 is ! only "r absolutely orig9al & intr9sic--8 "r to any?+ else is m]ely relative to ?is1 is d]iv$ f x1 & held only by virtue ( x4 ,,self-,,"r is ! f\ndation "r--! po/ 9 ! middle1 to :i* all o!r rights are fa/5$4 ,slavehold]s1 :5 talk+ ab\t _! ,,"r to _! slaves1 always assume _! own "r to !mselves4 ,:at slave-hold] ev] und]took to prove 8 "r to himself8 ,he kn[s x to be a self-evid5t proposition1 t a man belongs to himself--t ! "r is intr9sic & absolute4 ,9 mak+ out 8 own title1 he makes out ! title ( e human be+4 ,z ! fact ( be+ a man is itself ! title1 ! :ole human family h "o common title de$4 ,if "o man's title is valid1 all are valid4 ,if "o is wor?less1 all are4 ,to d5y ! validity ( ! slave's title is to d5y ! validity ( 8 own2 & yet 9 ! act ( mak+ a man a slave1 ! slavehold] ass]ts ! validity ( 8 own title1 :ile he seizes him z 8 prop]ty :o has ! same title4 ,fur!r1 9 mak+ him a slave1 he does n m]ely disfran*ise ( humanity "o individual1 b ,,univ]sal ,,man4 ,he de/roys ! f\ndations4 ,he annihilates all rights4 ,he attacks n only ! human race1 b univ]sal be+1 & ru%es ^u ,,jehovah4 ,= rights are rights2 ,god's are no m--man's are no less4 ,! eigh? comm&m5t =bids ! tak+ ( any "p ( t :i* belongs to ano!r4 ,slav]y takes ! :ole4 ,does ! same ,bible :i* prohibits ! tak+ ( any ?+ f him1 sanction ! tak+ ( e ?+6 ,does x ?und] wra? aga9/ ! man :o robs 8 neighbor ( a c5t1 yet commission him to rob 8 neighb\r ( himself8 ,slavehold+ is ! highe/ possible violation ( ! eight comm&m5t4 ,to take f a man 8 e>n+s1 is !ft4 ,b to take ! e>n]1 is a comp\nd1 life-long !ft--supreme robb]y t vaults up ! climax at a leap--! dread1 t]rific1 giant robb]y1 t t[]s among o!r robb]ies a solit>y horror4 ,! eight comm&m5t =bids ! tak+ away1 & ! t5? adds1 ,?\ %alt n covet any ?+ t is ?y neighbor's2 ?us gu>d+ e man's "r to himself & prop]ty1 by mak+ n only ! actual tak+ away a s91 b ev5 t /ate ( m9d :i* w\ld tempt to x4 ,:o ev] made human be+s slaves1 )\t covet+ !m8 ,:y take f !m _! "t1 labor1 lib]ty1 "r ( self-pres]vation & improvem5t1 _! "r to acquire prop]ty1 to wor%ip accord+ to consci5ce1 to se>* ! ,scriptures1 to live ) _! families1 & _! "r to _! own bodies1 if !y d n desire !m8 ,!y ,,covet !m = purposes ( ga91 conv5i5ce1 lu/ ( dom9ion1 ( s5sual gratification1 ( pride & o/5tation4 ,,!y ,,break ,,! ,,t5? ,,comm&m5t1 & pluck d[n ^u _! heads ! plagues t are writt5 9 ! book4 ,t5 comm&m5ts con/itute ! brief comp5d ( human duty4 ,two ( ^! br& slav]y z s94 ,,man/eal+--,,exam9ation ,,( ,,ex4 ,,xxi4 #af4 ,! giv+ ( ! law at ,s9ai1 imm$iately prec$$ ! promulgation ( t body ( laws call$ ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,ov] ! gateway ( t sy/em1 fe>ful words 7 writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god--,,he ,,t ,,/eale? ,a ,,man ,,& ,,selle? ,,him1 ,,or ,,if ,,he ,,be ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,8 ,,h&1 ,,he ,,%all ,,surely ,,be ,,put ,,to ,,dea?,a4 ,ex4 xxi4 #af4 ,footnote ,a3 ,a writ] 9 ! ,am]ican ,qu>t]ly ,review1 comm5t+ on ?is passage1 ?us blasphemes4 ,on ?is passage an impression has gone abroad t slave-own]s are necess>ily m5/eal]s2 h[ ha/ily1 any "o w p]ceive :o consults ! passage 9 its connection4 ,be+ f\nd 9 ! *apt] :i* au?orizes ?is species ( prop]ty among ! ,hebrews1 x mu/ ( c\rse relate to its full protection f ! dang] ( be+ entic$ away f its rightful own]4--,am4 ,qu>t4 ,review = ,june1 #ahcc4 ,article ,negro slav]y4 ,! oppression ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt1 & ! wond]s wr\ght = _! deliv]ance1 proclaim ! reason = su* a law at su* a "t4 ,!y _h j be5 emancipat$4 ,! trag$ies ( _! h\se ( bondage 7 ! realities ( ye/]day1 & peopl$ _! memories ) ?rong+ horrors4 ,!y _h j witness$ ,god's te/imony aga9/ oppression 9 ! plagues ( ,egypt--! burn+ bla9s on man & bea/2 ! du/ quick5$ into loa?some life1 & sw>m+ ^u e liv+ ?+2 ! /reets1 ! palaces1 ! temples1 & e h\se heap$ up ) ! c>cases ( ?+s abhorr$2 ! knead+ tr\ghs & ov5s1 ! secret *amb]s & ! c\*es1 reek+ & dissolv+ ) ! putrid dea?2 ! pe/il5ce walk+ 9 d>kness at noonday1 ! dev\r+ locu/s1 & hail m+l$ ) fire1 ! fir/-born dea?-/ruck1 & ! wat]s blood2 & la/ ( all1 t dread high h& & /ret*$-out arm1 t :elm$ ! mon>* & 8 ho/s1 & /rew$ _! corpses on ! sea4 ,all ?is _! eyes _h look$ ^u2 e>?'s pr\de/ city1 wa/$ & ?und]-sc>r$1 ly+ 9 desolation1 & ! doom ( oppressors trac$ on h] ru9s 9 ! h&-writ+ ( ,god1 gl>+ 9 lett]s ( fire m+l$ ) blood--a black5$ monum5t ( wra? to ! utt]mo/ aga9/ ! /eal]s ( m54 ,no wond] t ,god1 9 a code ( laws prep>$ = su* a p at su* a "t1 %\ld upre> on its =egr\nd a blaz+ beacon to fla% t]ror on slavehold]s4 ,he t /eale? a man & selle? him1 or if he be f\nd 9 8 h&1 he %all surely be put to dea?4 ,ex4 xxi4 #af4 ,deut4 xxiv1 #g;,a4 ,god's *]ubim & flam+ sword gu>d+ ! entrance to ! ,mosaic sy/em6 ,footnote ,a3 ,j>*i1 ! mo/ em95t ( ! ,jewi% ,comm5tators1 :o wrote sev5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 9 8 comm5t on ?is /eal+ & mak+ m]*&ize ( m51 gives ! mean+ ?us3--,us+ a man aga9/ 8 w1 z a s]vant lawfully pur*as$2 yea1 ?\gh he %\ld use 8 s]vices ev] s little1 only to ! value ( a f>?+1 or use b 8 arm to lean on to support him1 if he be =c$ s to act z a s]vant1 ! p]son compell+ him b once to d s1 %all die z a ?ief1 :e!r he has sold him or n4 ,! ^w ,ganabh "h r5d]$ /eale?1 means1 ! tak+ ( :at belongs to ano!r1 :e!r by viol5ce or fraud2 ! same ^w is us$ 9 ! eight comm&m5t1 & prohibits bo? robb]y & !ft4 ,! crime specifi$1 is t ( depriv+ ,,somebody ( ! own]%ip ( a man4 ,is ?is somebody a ma/]8 & is ! crime t ( depriv+ a ma/] ( 8 s]vant8 ,!n x w\ld h be5 he t /eale? a s]vant1 n he t /eale? a man4 ,if ! crime _h be5 ! tak+ ( an individual f ano!r1 !n ! t]m us$ w\ld h be5 expressive ( t relation1 & mo/ especially if x 0 ! relation ( prop]ty & proprietor6 ,! crime is /at$ 9 a ?ree-fold =m--man /eal+1 sell+1 & hold+4 ,all are put on a level1 & :elm$ "u "o p5alty--,,dea?,a4 ,?is somebody depriv$ ( ! own]%ip ( a man1 is ! man himself1 robb$ ( p]sonal own]%ip4 ,joseph said1 ,inde$ ,i 0 /ol5 away out ( ! l& ( ! ,hebrews4 ,g54 xl4 #ae4 ,h[ /ol58 ,8 bre?r5 sold him z an article ( m]*&ize4 ,contra/ ?is p5alty = man-/eal+ ) t = prop]ty-/eal+1 ,ex4 xxii4 #ad4 ,if a man _h /ol5 an ox & kill$ or sold x1 he 0 to re/ore five ox52 if he _h nei!r sold nor kill$ x1 two ox54 ,b 9 ! case ( /eal+ a man1 ! fir/ act drew d[n ! utmo/ p[] ( puni%m5t2 h[ev] (t5 repeat$ or aggravat$ ! crime1 human p5alty c\ld d no m4 ,! fact t ! p5alty = man-/eal+ 0 dea?1 & ! p5alty = prop]ty-/eal+1 ! m]e re/oration ( d\ble1 %[s t ! two cases 7 adjudicat$ on totally diff]5t pr9ciples4 ,! man /ol5 might be diseas$ or totally pa/ labor1 consequ5tly in/ead ( be+ pr(itable to ! ?ief1 he w\ld be a tax ^u him1 yet dea? 0 /ill ! p5alty1 ?\gh n a c5t's wor? ( prop]ty-value 0 tak54 ,! p5alty = /eal+ prop]ty 0 a m]e prop]ty-p5alty4 ,h[ev] l>ge ! !ft1 ! paym5t ( d\ble wip$ out ! score4 ,x might h a great] money value ?an a ?\s& m51 yet dea? 0 n ! p5alty1 nor maim+1 nor braid+1 nor ev5 /ripes1 b d\ble ( ! same k9d4 ,:y 0 n ! rule uni=m8 ,:5 a man 0 /ol5 :y 0 n ! ?ief requir$ to re/ore d\ble ( ! same k9d--two m51 or if he _h sold him1 five m58 ,d y say t ! man-?ief might n h !m8 ,s ! ox-?ief might n h two ox51 or if he _h kill$ x1 five4 ,b if ,god p]mitt$ m5 to hold m5 z prop]ty1 equally ) ox51 ! man-?ief1 c\ld get m5 ) :om to pay ! p5alty1 z well z ! ox-?ief1 ox54 ,fur!r1 :5 prop]ty 0 /ol51 ! legal p5alty 0 a comp5sation to ! p]son injur$4 ,b :5 a man 0 /ol51 no prop]ty comp5sation 0 (f]$4 ,to t5d] money z an equival5t1 w\ld h be5 to repeat ! outrage ) intol]able aggravations4 ,compute ! value ( a ,,man 9 money6 ,?r[ du/ into ! scale aga9/ immortality6 ,! law recoil$ f su* supreme insult & impiety4 ,to h p]mitt$ ! man-?ief to expiate 8 crime by re/or+ d\ble1 w\ld h be5 mak+ ! repetition ( crime its atonem5t4 ,b ! infliction ( dea? = man-/eal+ exact$ ! utmo/ possibility ( rep>ation4 ,x wrung f ! guilty wret* z he gave up ! gho/1 ! te/imony ( blood1 & dea?-groans1 to ! inf9ite dignity & wor? ( man1--a proclamation to ! univ]se1 voic$ 9 mortal agony1 ,,man ,,is ,,inviolable4--a confession %riek$ 9 phr5zy at ! grave's m\?--,i die accurs$1 & ,god is j4 ,footnote ,a3 ,^? are m5-/eal]s :o abduct1 keep1 sell1 or buy slaves or freem54 ,,grotius4 ,if ,god p]mitt$ man to hold man z prop]ty1 :y did he puni% = /eal+ t k9d ( prop]ty inf9itely m ?an = /eal+ any o!r k9d ( prop]ty8 ,:y puni% ) dea? = /eal+ a v little ( t sort ( prop]ty1 & make a m]e f9e ! p5alty = /eal+ a ?\s& times z mu*1 ( any o!r sort ( prop]ty--especially if by 8 own act1 ,god _h annihilat$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 man & prop]ty1 by putt+ him on a level ) x8 ,! guilt ( a crime1 dep5ds mu* ^u ! nature1 "*1 & condition ( ! victim4 ,to /eal is a crime1 :oev] ! ?ief1 or :atev] ! plund]4 ,to /eal bread f a full man1 is !ft2 to /eal x f a />v+ man1 is bo? !ft & murd]4 ,if ,i /eal my neighbor's prop]ty1 ! crime consi/s n 9 alt]+ ! nature ( ! article1 b 9 tak+ z m9e :at is 84 ,b :5 ,i take my neighbor himself1 & fir/ make him prop]ty1 & !n my prop]ty1 ! latt] act1 :i* 0 ! sole crime 9 ! =m] case1 dw9dles to no?+4 ,! s9 9 /eal+ a man1 is n ! transf] f its own] to ano!r ( t :i* is already prop]ty1 b ! turn+ ( p]sonality into prop]ty4 ,true1 ! attributes ( man rema91 b ! rights & immunities :i* gr[ out ( !m are annihilat$4 ,x is ! fir/ law bo? ( reason & revelation1 to reg>d ?+s & be+s z !y are2 & ! sum ( religion1 to feel & act t[>d !m accord+ to _! value4 ,kn[+ly to treat !m o!rwise is s92 & ! degree ( viol5ce done to _! nature1 relations1 & value1 measures its guilt4 ,:5 ?+s are sund]$ :i* ,god has indissolubly jo9$1 or conf\nd$ 9 "o1 :i* he has sep>at$ by inf9ite extremes2 :5 sacr$ & et]nal di/9ctions1 :i* he has g>ni%$ ) glory1 are d]id$ & set at n\ght1 !n1 if ev]1 s9 r$d5s to its sc>let dye4 ,! s9 specifi$ 9 ! passage1 is t ( do+ viol5ce to ! nature ( a man--to 8 intr9sic value z a rational be+4 ,9 ! v]se prec$+ ! "o "u consid]ation1 & 9 t :i* foll[s1 ! same pr9ciple is laid d[n4 ,v]se #ae1 ,he t smite? 8 fa!r or 8 "m %all surely be put to dea?4 ,v]se4 #ag1 ,he t curse? 8 fa!r or 8 "m1 %all surely be put to dea?4 ,if a ,jew smote 8 neighbor1 ! law m]ely smote him 9 return2 b if ! bl[ 0 giv5 to a p>5t1 x /ruck ! smit] dead4 ,! p>5tal relation is ! c5tre ( human society4 ,god gu>ds x ) peculi> c>e4 ,to violate t1 is to violate all4 ,:oev] tramples on t1 %[s t no relation has any sacr$ness 9 8 eyes--t he is unfit to move among human relations :o violates "o s sacr$ & t5d]4 ,!re=e1 ! ,mosaic law uplift$ 8 ble$+ corpse1 & br&i%$ ! gha/ly t]ror ar\nd ! p>5tal relation to gu>d x f impi\s inroads4 ,:y su* a diff]5ce 9 p5alties1 = ! same act8 ,answ]4 #a4 ,! relation violat$ 0 obvi\s--! di/9ction betwe5 p>5ts & o!rs self-evid5t1 dictat$ by a law ( nature4 #b4 ,! act 0 viol5ce to nature--a suicide on con/itutional susceptibilities4 #c4 ,! p>5tal relation !n1 z n[1 0 ! focal po9t ( ! social sy/em1 & requir$ p[]ful safe-gu>ds4 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m1 /&s at ! head ( ^? comm&s :i* prescribe ! duties ( man to man2 & ?r\gh\t ! ,bible1 ! p>5tal /ate is ,god's favorite illu/ration ( 8 own relations to ! human family4 ,9 ?is case1 dea? 0 to be inflict$ n = smit+ a man1 b a p>5t--a di/9ction made sacr$ by ,god1 & =tifi$ by a bulw>k ( def5ce4 ,9 ! next v]se1 ,he t /eale? a man1 c41 ! ,,same ,,pr9ciple is wr\ght out 9 /ill /rong] relief4 ,! crime to be puni%$ ) dea? 0 n ! tak+ ( prop]ty f its own]1 b viol5ce to an immortal nature1 ! blott+ out ( a sacr$ di/9ction--mak+ ,,m5 *attels4 ,! incessant pa9s tak5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t to sep>ate human be+s f brutes & ?+s1 %[s ,god's reg>d = ?is1 8 own di/9ction4 ,9 ! beg9n+ he proclaim$ x to ! univ]se z x rose into be+4 ,creation /ood up at ! in/ant ( its bir?1 to d x homage4 ,x paus$ 9 adoration :ile ,god u%]$ =? its cr[n+ "w4 ,:y t dread pause & t creat+ arm held back 9 mid c>e] & t high conf]5ce 9 ! godhead8 ,let u make man 9 ,,our ,,image aft] ,,our ,,lik5ess1 & let him h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air1 & ov] ! cattle & ov] all ! e>?4 ,!n :ile e liv+ ?+1 ) l&1 & sea1 & firmam5t1 & m>%all$ worlds1 wait$ to swell ! %\t ( morn+ />s--!n ,god creat$ man ,,9 ,,8 ,,own ,,image2 ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god creat$ he him4 ,?is solves ! problem1 ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god1 ,,creat$ ,,he ,,him4 ,?is di/9ction is (t5 repeat$ & always ) great solemnity4 ,9 ,g54 i4 #bf-bh1 x is express$ 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,9 ,g54 v4 #a1 we f9d x aga91 ,,9 ,,! ,,lik5ess ,,( ,,god ,,made ,,he ,,him4 ,9 ,g54 ix4 #f1 aga94 ,aft] giv+ lic5se to %$ ! blood ( e mov+ ?+ t live?1 x is add$1 ,:oso %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$1 = ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god ,,made ,,he ,,man4 ,z ?\gh x _h be5 said1 ,all ^! creatures are y\r prop]ty1 design$ = y\r use--!y h ! lik5ess ( e>?1 & _! spirits g d[nw>d2 b ?is o!r be+1 ,,man1 has my own lik5ess3 ,,9 ,,! ,,image ,,( ,,god made ,i man2 an intellig5t1 moral1 immortal ag5t1 invit$ to all t ,i c give & he c be4 ,s 9 ,lev4 xxiv4 #ag1 #ah1 #ba1 ,he t kille? any ,,man %all surely be put to dea?2 & he t kille? a bea/ %all make x good1 bea/ = bea/2 & he t kille? a ,,man he %all be put to dea?4 ,s 9 ,ps4 viii4 #e1 #f1 we h an enum]ation ( p>ticul>s1 ea* sep>at+ inf9itely ,,m5 f brutes & ?+s6 #a4 ,?\ ha/ made him a little l[] ?an ! angels4 ,slav]y drags him d[n among brutes4 #b4 ,& ha/ cr[n$ him ) glory & honor4 ,slav]y te>s (f 8 cr[n1 & puts on a yoke4 #c4 ,?\ made/ him to h dom9ion,a ,,ov] ! works ( ?y h&s4 ,slav]y breaks 8 sceptre1 & ca/ him d[n among ^? works--yea1 b5ea? !m4 #d4 ,?\ ha/ put all ?+s "u 8 feet4 ,slav]y puts ,,him "u ! feet ( an own]4 ,:o1 b an impi\s scorn]1 d>e ?us /rive ) 8 ,mak]1 & mutilate ,,8 ,,image1 & blaspheme ! ,holy ,"o1 :o sai?1 ,inasmu* z ye did x unto "o ( ! lea/ ( ^!1 ye did x unto ,,me4 ,footnote ,a3 ,?\ made/ him to h dom9ion4 ,9 ,g54 i4 #bh1 ,god says to man1 ,h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air & ov] e liv+ ?+ t move? ^u ! e>?1 ?us ve/+ 9 e human be+ ! "r ( own]%ip ov] ! e>?1 its products & animal life1 & 9 ea* human be+ ! same "r4 ,by s do+ ,god prohibit$ ! ex]cise ( own]%ip by man ov] man2 = ! grant to all m5 ( equal own]%ip1 = ev] %ut out ! possibility ( _! ex]cis+ own]%ip ov] ea* o!r1 z :oev] is ! own] ( a man1 is ! own] ( 8 "r ( prop]ty--9 o!r words1 :5 "o man becomes ! prop]ty ( ano!r 8 rights become su* too1 8 "r ( prop]ty is transf]r$ to 8 own]1 & ?us z f> z himself is conc]n$1 is annihilat$4 ,f9ally1 by orig9ally ve/+ all m5 ) dom9ion or own]%ip ov] prop]ty1 ,god proclaim$ ! "r ( all to ex]cise x1 & pron\nc$ e man :o takes x away a robb] ( ! highe/ grade4 ,su* is e slavehold]4 ,9 fur!r prosecut+ ?is inquiry1 ! ,patri>*al & ,mosaic sy/ems w be consid]$ toge!r1 z ea* reflects light ^u ! o!r1 & z _m regulations ( ! latt] are m]e legal =ms ( ,div9e in/itutions previ\sly exi/+4 ,z a sy/em1 ! latt] alone is ( ,div9e au?ority4 ,:atev] 7 ! usages ( ! patri>*s ,god has n made !m our exempl>s4,b ,! "q to be settl$ by u1 is n :at 7 ,jewi% cu/oms1 b :at 7 ! rules t ,god gave = ! regulation ( ^? cu/oms4 ,footnote ,b3 ,^? :o insi/ t ! patri>*s held slaves1 & sit ) su* delight "u _! %ad[1 hymn+ ! praises ( ^? good old slavehold]s & patri>*s1 might at small co/ greatly augm5t _! numb]s4 ,a s+le /anza celebrat+ patri>*al concub9age1 w9d+ (f ) a *orus 9 honor ( patri>*al drunk5ness1 w\ld be a trumpet-call1 summon+ f bro!ls1 bu% & brake1 highway & h$ge1 & %elt]+ f5ce1 a bro!rhood ( k9dr$ aff9ities1 ea* claim+ ,abraham or ,noah z 8 patron sa9t1 & %\t+1 ,my "n is legion4 ,a myriad *oir & ?und]\s song6 ,be=e ent]+ ^u an analysis ( ! condition ( s]vants "u ^! two /ates ( society1 we w consid] ! import ( c]ta9 t]ms :i* describe ! mode ( procur+ !m4 ,,import ,,( ,,buy1 ,,& ,,b\ght ,,) ,,money4 ,z ! ,israelites 7 comm&$ to buy _! s]vants1 & z ,abraham _h s]vants b\ght ) money1 x is argu$ t s]vants 7 articles ( prop]ty6 ,! sole gr\nd = ?is belief is ! t]ms !mselves6 ,h[ mu* might be sav$1 if 9 discussion1 ! ?+ to be prov$ 7 always assum$6 ,to beg ! "q 9 debate1 is va/ economy ( midnight oil1 & a :olesale =e/all] ( wr9kles & gray hairs4 ,in/ead ( protract$ inve/igation into ,scripture usage1 pa9fully collat+ passages1 to settle ! mean+ ( t]ms1 let e man int]pret ! olde/ book 9 ! _w by ! usages ( 8 own "t & place1 & ! "w is done4 ,& !n in/ead ( "o revelation1 !y might be multipli$ z ! drops ( ! morn+1 & e man h an infallible clue to ! m9d ( ! ,_s1 9 ! dialect ( 8 own neighborhood6 ,:at a ,babel-j>gon1 to take x = grant$ t ! s5se 9 :i* words are n[ us$1 is ! inspir$ s5se4 ,david says1 ,i prev5t$ ! dawn+ ( ! morn+1 & cri$4 ,:at1 /op ! e>? 9 its revolution6 ,two hundr$ ye>s ago1 prev5t 0 us$ 9 its /rict ,lat9 s5se1 to come be=e1 or anticipate4 ,x is always us$ 9 ?is s5se 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,david's expression1 9 ! ,engli% ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 w\ld be ,be=e ! dawn+ ( ! morn+ ,i cri$4 ,9 almo/ e *apt] ( ! ,bible1 words are us$ 9 a s5se n[ ne>ly1 or q obsolete1 & sometimes 9 a s5se totally opposite to _! pres5t mean+4 ,a few examples foll[3 ,i purpos$ to come to y1 b 0 let 7h9d]$7 hi!rto4 ,& ! f\r bea/s 7liv+ ones7 fell d[n & wor%ip$ ,god1--,:osoev] %all (f5d 7cause to s97 "o ( ^! little ones1--,g out into ! highways & compel 7urge7 !m to come 91--,only let y\r conv]sation 7habitual conduct7 be z become? ! ,gospel1--,! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ :o %all judge ! quick 7liv+7 & ! dead1--,!y t seek me e>ly 7e>ne/ly7 %all f9d me1 ,s :5 tribulation or p]secution arise? by-&-by 7imm$iately7 !y are (f5d$4 ,no?+ is m mutable ?an language4 ,words1 l bodies1 are always ?r[+ (f "s p>ticles & absorb+ o!rs4 ,s long z !y are m]e repres5tatives1 elect$ by ! :ims ( univ]sal suffrage1 _! mean+ w be a p]fect volatile1 & to cork x up = ! next c5tury is an employm5t suffici5tly silly 7to speak )9 b\nds7 = a mod]n ,bible-,diction>y mak]4 ,!re nev] 0 a %all[] conceit ?an t ( e/abli%+ ! s5se atta*$ to a ^w c5turies ago1 by %[+ :at x means n[4 ,pity t fa%ionable mantuamak]s 7 n a little quick] at tak+ h9ts f "s ,doctors ( ,div9ity4 ,h[ easily !y might save _! pi\s cu/om]s all qualms ( consci5ce ab\t ! weekly %ift+s ( fa%ion1 by prov+ t ! la/ importation ( ,p>isian indec5cy n[ %[+ (f on prom5ade1 0 ! v /yle ( dress 9 :i* ! mode/ & pi\s ,s>ah knead$ cakes = ! angels4 ,s9ce su* a fa%ion flaunts along ,broadway n[1 x mu/ h trail$ ov] ,canaan f\r ?\s& ye>s ago6 ,! inf]5ce t ! ^w buy1 us$ to describe ! procur+ ( s]vants1 means procur+ !m z *attels1 seems bas$ ^u ! fallacy1 t :atev] co/s money is money2 t :atev] or :oev] y pay money =1 is an article ( prop]ty1 & ! fact ( y\r pay+ = x1 proves x prop]ty4 #a4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 requir$ to pur*ase _! fir/born f "u ! obligations ( ! prie/hood1 ,num4 xviii4 #ae1 #af2 iii4 #de-ea2 ,ex4 xiii4 #ac2 xxxiv4 #bj4 ,?is cu/om /ill exi/s among ! ,jews1 & ! ^w buy is /ill us$ to describe ! transaction4 ,does ?is prove t _! fir/born 7 or are1 held z prop]ty8 ,!y 7 b\ght z really z 7 s]vants4 #b4 ,! ,israelites 7 requir$ to pay money = _! own s\ls4 ,?is is call$ sometimes a ransom1 sometimes an atonem5t4 ,7 _! s\ls !re=e m>ketable commodities8 #c4 ,:5 ! ,israelites set ap>t !mselves or _! *ildr5 to ! ,"l by v[1 = ! p]=mance ( "s s]vice1 an express /atute provid$ t a price %\ld be set ^u ! p]sons1 & x prescrib$ ! mann] & t]ms ( ! e/imation or valuation1 by ! paym5t ( :i*1 ! p]sons might be b\ght (f f ! s]vice v[$4 ,! price = males f "o mon? old to five ye>s1 0 five %ekels1 = females1 ?ree2 f five ye>s old to tw5ty1 = males1 tw5ty %ekels1 = females1 t52 f tw5ty ye>s old to sixty1 = males1 fifty %ekels1 = females1 ?irty2 above sixty ye>s old1 = males1 fifte5 %ekels1 = females1 t51 ,lev4 xxvii4 #b-h4 ,:at egregi\s folly to cont5d t all ^! descriptions ( p]sons 7 goods & *attels because !y 7 b\ght & _! prices regulat$ by law6 #d4 ,bible sa9ts b\ght _! wives4 ,boaz b\ght ,ru?4 ,moreov] ,ru? ! ,moabitess1 ! wife ( ,mahlon1 h ,i pur*as$ 7b\ght7 to be my wife4 ,ru? iv4 #aj4;,a ,hosea b\ght 8 wife4 ,s ,i b\ght h] to me = fifte5 pieces ( silv]1 & = an hom] ( ,b>ley1 & an half hom] ( b>ley4 ,hosea iii4 #b4 ,jacob b\ght 8 wives ,ra*ael & ,leah1 & n hav+ money1 paid = !m 9 labor--sev5 ye>s a piece4 ,g54 xxix4 #ae-bc4 ,moses probably b\ght 8 wife 9 ! same way1 & paid = h] by 8 labor1 z ! s]vant ( h] fa!r4,b ,exod4 ii4 #ba4 ,%e*em1 :5 negotiat+ ) ,jacob & 8 sons = ,d9ah1 says1 ,ask me nev] s mu* d[ry & gift1 & ,i w give accord+ z ye %all say unto me4 ,g54 xxxiv4 #aa1 #ab4 ,david pur*as$ ,mi*ael1 & ,o?niel1 ,a*sah1 by p]=m+ p]il\s s]vices = ! fa!rs ( ! damsels4 #a ,sam4 xviii4 #be-bg2 ,judg4 i4 #ab1 #ac4 ,t ! pur*ase ( wives1 ei!r ) money or by s]vice1 0 ! g5]al practice1 is pla9 f su* passages z ,ex4 xxii4 #ag1 & #a ,sam4 xviii4 #be4 ,among ! mod]n ,jews ?is usage exi/s1 ?\gh n[ a m]e =m1 !re be+ no real pur*ase4 ,yet among _! m>riage c]emonies1 is "o call$ m>ry+ by ! p5ny4 ,! simil>ity 9 ! me?ods ( procur+ wives & s]vants1 9 ! t]ms employ$ 9 describ+ ! transactions1 & 9 ! prices paid = ea*1 are wor?y ( notice4 ,! highe/ price ( wives 7virg9s7 & s]vants 0 ! same4 ,comp4 ,deut1 xxii4 #bh1 #bi1 & ,ex4 xxii4 #ag1 ) ,lev4 xxvii4 #b-h4 ,! m$ium price ( wives & s]vants 0 ! same4 ,comp4 ,hos4 iii4 #b1 ) ,ex4 xxi4 #cb4 ,hosea seems to h paid "o half 9 money & ! o!r half 9 gra94 ,fur!r1 ! ,israeliti% female b\ght-s]vants 7 wives1 _! husb&s & ma/]s be+ ! same p]sons4 ,ex4 xxi4 #h1 ,judg4 xix4 #c1 #bg4 ,if buy+ s]vants proves !m prop]ty1 buy+ wives proves !m prop]ty4 ,:y n cont5d t ! wives ( ! anci5t fa!rs ( ! fai?ful 7 _! *attels1 & us$ z ready *ange at a p9*2 & !nce d$uce ! rights ( mod]n husb&s8 ,alas6 ,patri>*s & prophets are foll[$ af> (f6 ,:5 w pi\s husb&s live up to _! ,bible privileges1 & become p>tak]s ) ,old ,te/am5t wor?ies 9 ! bless$ness ( a husb&'s rightful immunities6 ,refus+ s to d1 is que/ion+ ! morality ( ^? good old slavehold]s & patri>*s1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob4 ,footnote ,a3 ,9 ! v]se prec$+1 ,boaz says1 ,i h b\ght all t 0 ,elimele*'s 99 99 99 ( ! h& ( ,naomi4 ,9 ! orig9al1 ! same ^w 7kana7 is us$ 9 bo? v]ses4 ,9 ! #i?1 a p>cel ( l& is b\ght1 9 ! #aj? a wife is b\ght4 ,if ! ,israelites _h be5 z pr(\nd at inf]5ces z our mod]n ,comm5tators1 !y w\ld h put su* a fact z ?is to ! rack till !y _h tortur$ out ( x a div9e w>rant = hold+ _! wives z prop]ty & speculat+ 9 ! article :5ev] x happ5$ to be sc>ce4 ,footnote ,b3 ,?is cu/om /ill prevails 9 "s ea/]n c\ntries4 ,! ,crim ,t>t>s1 :o are poor1 s]ve an appr5tice%ip = _! wives1 dur+ :i* !y live "u ! same ro( ) !m & at ! close ( x are adopt$ into ! family4 ,?is use ( ! ^w buy1 is n peculi> to ! ,hebrew4 ,9 ! ,syriac1 ! common expression = ! esp\s$1 is ! b\ght4 ,ev5 s late z ! #af? c5tury1 ! common record ( m>riages 9 ! old ,g]man ,*ronicles 01 ,a ,,b\ght ,b4 ,! ^w translat$ buy1 is1 l o!r words1 modifi$ by ! nature ( ! subject to :i* x is appli$4 ,eve said1 ,i h gott5 7b\ght7 a man f ! ,"l4 ,%e nam$ him ,ca91 t is b\ght4 ,he t he>e? repro(1 gette? 7buye?7 und]/&+1 ,prov4 xv4 #cb4 ,s 9 ,isa4 xi4 #aa4 ,! ,"l %all set 8 h& aga9 to recov] 7to buy7 ! remnant ( 8 p4 ,s ,ps4 lxxviii4 #ed4 ,he br\ght !m to 8 m\nta9 :i* 8 "r h& _h pur*as$1 7gott547 ,neh4 v4 #h4 ,we ( our ability h r$eem$ 7b\ght7 our bre?r5 ! ,jews1 t 7 sold unto ! hea!n4 ,"h b\ght is n appli$ to p]sons r$uc$ to s]vitude1 b to ^? tak5 out ( x4 ,prov4 viii4 #bb4 ,! ,"l possess$ 7b\ght7 me 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 way4 ,prov4 xix4 #h4 ,he t gette? 7buye?7 wisdom love? 8 own s\l4 ,f9ally1 to buy is a second>y mean+ ( ! ,hebrew ^w kana4 ,ev5 at ?is day ! ^w buy is us$ to describe ! procur+ ( s]vants1 :]e slav]y is aboli%$4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 :]e slaves became appr5tices 9 #ahcd1 !y are /ill1 7#ahcg17 b\ght4 ,?is is ! curr5t ^w 9 ,we/ ,india newspap]s4 ,t5 ye>s s9ce s]vants 7 b\ght 9 ,new ,york1 & /ill are 9 ,new ,j]sey1 z really z 9 ,virg9ia1 yet ! diff]5t s5ses 9 :i* ! ^w is us$ 9 ^? /ates1 puts no man 9 a qu&>y4 ,"u ! sy/em ( legal ind5ture 9 ,ill9ois1 s]vants n[ are b\ght4,a ,until rec5tly immigrants to ?is c\ntry 7 b\ght 9 great numb]s4 ,by volunt>y contract !y engag$ to "w a giv5 "t to pay = _! passage4 ,?is class ( p]sons1 call$ r$emption]s1 consi/$ at "o "t ( ?\s&s4 ,multitudes are b\ght out ( slav]y by !mselves or o!rs4 ,"u ! same ro( ) ! writ] is a s]vant b\ght ) money4 ,a few weeks s9ce1 %e 0 a slave2 :5 b\ght1 %e 0 a slave no long]4 ,alas6 = our lead+ politicians if buy+ m5 makes !m *attels4 ,! ,:igs say1 t ,calh\n has be5 b\ght by ! adm9i/ration2 & ! o!r p>ty1 t ,clay & ,web/] h be5 b\ght by ! ,bank4 ,! hi/ories ( ! revolution tell u t ,b5$ict ,arnold 0 b\ght by ,briti% gold1 & t ,williams1 ,pauld+1 & ,van ,w]t1 c\ld n be b\ght by ,major ,&re4 ,:5 a nor!rn cl]gyman m>ries a ri* s\!rn wid[1 c\ntry gossip ?us hits (f ! indec5cy1 ,! cotton bags b\ght him4 ,sir ,rob]t ,walpole said1 ,e man has 8 price1 & :oev] w pay x1 c buy him1 & ,john ,r&olph said1 ,! nor!rn delegation is 9 ! m>ket2 give me money en\gh1 & ,i c buy !m4 ,! temp]ance publications tell u t c&idates = (fice buy m5 ) :iskey2 & ! oracles ( /reet tattle1 t ! c\rt1 di/rict attorney1 & jury1 9 ! late trial ( ,rob9son 7 b\ght1 yet we h no float+ visions ( *attels p]sonal1 man-auctions1 or c(fles4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! foll[+ /atute is n[ 9 =ce 9 ! free /ate ( ,ill9ois--,no negro1 mulatto1 or ,indian1 %all at any "t pur*ase any s]vant o!r ?an ( _! own complexion3 & if any ( ! p]sons a=esaid %all presume to pur*ase a :ite s]vant1 su* s]vant %all imm$iately become free1 & %all be s held1 deem$ & tak54 ,9 ,connecticut1 t[n paup]s are b\ght by individuals1 :o1 = a /ipulat$ sum become responsible to ! t[n = _! com=table support = "o ye>4 ,if ^! b\ght p]sons p]=m any labor = ^? :o buy !m1 x is :olly volunt>y4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to add t !y are 9 no s5se ! prop]ty ( _! pur*as]s4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,! select-m5 ( ea* t[n annually give notice1 t at su* a "t & place1 !y w proce$ to sell ! poor ( said t[n4 ,! p]sons ?us sold are b\ght by su* p]sons1 approv$ by ! select-m51 z engage to furni% !m ) suffici5t :olesome food1 adequate clo?+1 %elt]1 m$ic9e1 c41 = su* a sum z ! p>ties may agree ^u4 ,! ,connecticut pap]s frequ5tly conta9 adv]tisem5ts l ! foll[+3 ,,notice--,! poor ( ! t[n ( ,*a?am w be ,,sold on ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,april1 #ahcg1 at ! h\se ( ,f4 ,p5field1 ,esq41 at #i o'clock 9 ! =5oon1--,middlet[n ,s5t9el1 ,feb4 #c1 #ahcg4 ,! transaction betwe5 ,joseph & ! ,egyptians gives a clue to ! use ( buy & b\ght ) money4 ,g54 xlvii4 #ah-bf4 ,! ,egyptians propos$ to ,joseph to become s]vants4 ,:5 ! b>ga9 0 clos$1 ,joseph said1 ,behold ,i h b\ght y ?is day1 & yet x is pla9 t nei!r p>ty reg>d$ ! p]sons b\ght z articles ( prop]ty1 b m]ely z b\nd to labor on c]ta9 conditions1 to pay = _! support dur+ ! fam9e4 ,! idea atta*$ by bo? p>ties to buy u1 & behold ,i h b\ght y1 0 m]ely t ( s]vice volunt>ily (f]$1 & secur$ by contract1 9 return1 = value receiv$1 & n at all t ! ,egyptians 7 b]eft ( _! p]sonal own]%ip1 & made articles ( prop]ty4 ,& ?is buy+ ( s]vices 79 ?is case x 0 b "o-fif? "p7 is call$ 9 ,scripture usage1 buy+ ! p]sons4 ,?is case claims special notice1 z x is ! only "o :]e ! :ole transaction ( buy+ s]vants is detail$--! prelim9>ies1 ! process1 ! mutual acquiesc5ce1 & ! p]man5t relation result+ !refrom4 ,9 all o!r in/ances1 ! m]e fact is /at$ )\t p>ticul>s4 ,9 ?is case1 ! :ole process is laid op54 #a4 ,! p]sons b\ght1 sold !mselves1 & ( _! own accord4 #b4 ,pay+ = ! p]man5t s]vice ( p]sons1 or ev5 a portion ( x1 is call$ buy+ ^? p]sons2 j z pay+ = ! use ( l& or h\ses = a numb] ( ye>s 9 succession is call$ 9 ,scripture usage buy+ !m4 ,see ,lev4 xxv4 #bh1 #cc1 & xxvii4 #bd4 ,! objector1 at ! outset1 takes x = grant$1 t s]vants 7 b\ght ( ?ird p]sons2 & !nce inf]s t !y 7 articles ( prop]ty4 ,bo? ! alleg$ fact & ! inf]5ce are %e] assumptions4 ,no in/ance is record$1 "u ! ,mosaic sy/em1 9 :i* a ma/] sold 8 s]vant4 ,t s]vants :o 7 b\ght1 sold !mselves1 is a fair inf]5ce f v>i\s passages ( ,scripture4,a ,9 ,leviticus xxv4 #dg1 ! case ( ! ,israelite1 :o became ! s]vant ( ! /rang]1 ! words are1 ,if he ,,sell ,,himself unto ! /rang]4 ,yet ! #ea/ v]se in=ms u t ?is s]vant 0 ,,b\ght & t ! price ( 8 pur*ase 0 paid to himself4 ,! same ^w1 & ! same =m ( ! ^w1 :i*1 9 v]se #dg1 is r5d]$ sell himself1 is 9 v]se #ci ( ! same *apt]1 r5d]$ be sold2 9 ,deut4 xxviii4 #fh1 ! same ^w is r5d]$ be sold4 ,& !re ye %all ,,be ,,sold unto y\r enemies = bond-m5 & bond-wom5 & ,,no ,,man ,,%all ,,buy ,,y4 ,h[ c\ld !y be sold )\t be+ b\ght8 ,our translation makes x nons5se4 ,! ^w ,mak> r5d]$ be sold is us$ "h 9 ,hi?pael conjugation1 :i* is g5]ally reflexive 9 its =ce1 & l ! middle voice 9 ,greek1 repres5ts :at an individual does = himself1 & %\ld manife/ly h be5 r5d]$ ye %all (f] y\rselves = sale1 & !re %all be no pur*as]4 ,= a clue to ,scripture usage on ?is po9t1 see #a ,k+s xxi4 #bj4 #be4--,?\ ha/ sold ?yself to "w evil4 ,!re 0 none l unto ,ahab :i* did sell himself to "w wick$ness4--#b ,k+s xvii4 #ag4 ,!y us$ div9ation & en*antm5ts1 & sold !mselves to d evil4--,isa4 l4 #a4 ,= y\r iniquities h ye sold y\rselves4 ,isa4 lii4 #c1 ,ye h sold y\rselves ,,= ,,n\ght1 & ye %all be r$eem$ )\t money4 ,see also1 ,j]4 xxxiv4 #ad2 ,rom4 vii4 #ad1 vi4 #af2 ,john1 viii4 #cd1 & ! case ( ,joseph & ! ,egyptians1 already quot$4 ,9 ! pur*ase ( wives1 ?\gh spok5 ( r>ely1 x is g5]ally /at$ t !y 7 b\ght ( ?ird p]sons4 ,if s]vants 7 b\ght ( ?ird p]sons1 x is /range t no in/ance ( x is on record4 ,footnote ,a3 ,^? :o insi/ t ! s]vants :i* ! ,israelites 7 comm&$ to buy ( ! hea!n :i* 7 r\nd ab\t !m1 7 to be b\ght ( ?ird p]sons1 virtually *>ge ,god ) ! inconsi/5cy ( recogniz+ & affirm+ ! "r ( ^? v p]sons to fre$om1 ^u :om1 say !y1 he pron\nc$ ! doom ( slav]y4 ,= !y tell u1 t ! s5t5ce ( dea? utt]$ aga9/ ^? hea!n 0 commut$ into slav]y1 :i* puni%m5t ,god d5\nc$ aga9/ !m4 ,n[ if ! hea!n r\nd ab\t 7 doom$ to slav]y1 ! sell]s 7 doom$ z well z ! sold4 ,:]e1 we ask1 did ! sell]s get _! "r to sell8 ,god by comm&+ ! ,israelites to ,,buy1 affirm$ ! "r ( somebody to sell1 & t ! own]%ip ( :at 0 sold exi/$ some:]e2 :i* "r & own]%ip he comm&$ !m to recognize & respect4 ,we repeat ! "q1 :]e did ! hea!n sell]s get _! "r to sell1 s9ce !y 7 dispossess$ ( _! "r to !mselves & doom$ to slav]y equally ) ^? :om !y sold4 ,did ,god's decree ve/ 9 !m a "r to o!rs :ile x annull$ _! "r to !mselves8 ,if1 z ! objector's argum5t assumes1 "o "p ( ! hea!n r\nd ab\t 7 already held z slaves by ! o!r "p1 su* ( c\rse 7 n doom$ to slav]y1 = !y 7 already slaves4 ,s also1 if ^? hea!n :o held !m z slaves _h a "r to hold !m1 :i* "r ,god comm&$ ! ,israelites to buy out1 ?us requir+ !m to recognize x z a "r1 & on no acc\nt to procure its transf] to !mselves )\t pay+ to ! hold]s an equival5t1 surely1 ^! slavehold]s 7 n doom$ by ,god to be slaves1 = accord+ to ! objector1 ,god _h himself affirm$ _! "r to hold o!rs z slaves1 & comm&$ 8 p to respect x4 ,we n[ proce$ to inquire into ! condition ( s]vants "u ! patri>*al & ,mosaic sy/ems4 ,i4 ,,! ,,rights ,,& ,,privileges ,,( ,,s]vants4 ,! lead+ design ( ! laws def9+ ! relations ( ma/] & s]vant1 0 ! good ( bo? p>ties--m especially ! good ( ! s]vants4 ,:ile ! ma/]'s int]e/s 7 gu>d$ f injury1 ^? ( ! s]vants 7 promot$4 ,^! laws made a m]ciful provision = ! poor] classes1 bo? ( ! ,israelites & ,/rang]s1 n lay+ on burd5s1 b light5+ !m--!y 7 a grant ( privileges & favors4 ,i4 ,,buy+ ,,s]vants ,,0 ,,reg>d$ ,,z ,a ,,k9dness ,,to ,,! ,,p]sons ,,b\ght1 & z e/abli%+ betwe5 !m & _! pur*as]s a bond ( affection & confid5ce4 ,?is is pla9 f ! frequ5t use ( x to illu/rate ! love & c>e ( ,god = 8 *os5 p4 ,deut4 xxxii4 #f2 ,ex4 xv4 #af2 ,ps4 lxxiv4 #b2 ,prov4 viii4 #bb4 ,,ii4 ,,no ,,/rang] ,,c\ld ,,jo9 ,,! ,,family ,,( ,,an ,,israelite ,,)\t ,,becom+ ,a ,,proselyte4 ,compliance ) ?is condition 0 ! price ( ! privilege4 ,g54 xvii4 #i-ad1 #bc1 #bg4 ,9 o!r words1 to become a s]vant 0 virtually to become an ,israelite4,a ,9 ! light ( ?is fact1 look at ! relation su/a9$ by a proselyt$ s]vant to 8 ma/]4 ,0 x a s5t5ce consign+ to puni%m5t1 or a ticket ( admission to privileges8 ,footnote ,a3 ,! rites by :i* a /rang] became a proselyte trans=m$ him into a ,jew4 ,comp>e #a ,*ron4 ii4 #ag1 ) #b ,sam4 xvii4 #be4 ,9 ,e/h] viii4 #ag1 x is said ,_m ( ! p ( ! l& became ,jews4 ,9 ! ,septuag9t1 ! passage is ?us r5d]$1 ,_m ( ! hea!n 7 circumcis$ & became ,jews4 ,! intimate union & incorporation ( ! proselytes ) ! ,hebrews is %[n by su* passages z ,isa4 lvi4 #f1 #g1 #h2 ,eph4 ii4 #aa1 #bb2 ,num4 x4 #bi-cb4 ,calmet1 ,art4 ,proselyte1 says ,!y 7 admitt$ to all ! pr]ogatives ( ! p ( ! ,"l4 ,mahomm$ d\btless borr[$ f ! laws & usages ( ! ,jews1 8 well kn[n regulation = admitt+ to all civil & religi\s privileges1 all proselytes ( :atev] nation or religion4 ,,iii4 ,,expulsion ,,f ,,! ,,family ,,0 ,,! ,,deprivation ,,( ,a ,,privilege ,,if ,,n ,a ,,puni%m5t4 ,:5 ,s>ah took umbrage at ! conduct ( ,hag> & ,i%mael1 h] s]vants1 ,%e said unto ,abraham ca/ out ?is bond-woman & h] son4 99 99 ,& ,abraham rose up e>ly 9 ! morn+ & took bread & a bottle ( wat] & gave x unto ,hag> & ! *ild1 & s5t h] away4 ,g54 xxi4 #aj1 #ad2 9 ,luke xvi4 #a-h1 our ,"l tells u ( ! /ew>d or head-s]vant ( a ri* man :o defraud$ 8 ma/]1 & 01 9 consequ5ce1 exclud$ f 8 h\sehold4 ,! s]vant anticipat+ su* a puni%m5t1 says1 ,i am resolv$ :at to d1 t :5 ,i am put out ( ! /ew>d%ip1 !y may receive me into _! h\ses4 ,! case ( ,gehazi1 ! s]vant ( ,eli%a1 appe>s to be a simil> "o4 ,he 0 guilty ( fraud 9 procur+ a l>ge sum ( money f ,naaman1 & ( delib]ate ly+ to 8 ma/]1 on acc\nt ( :i* ,eli%a seems to h disc>d$ him4 #b ,k+s v4 #bj-bg4 ,9 ?is connection we may add t if a s]vant neglect$ ! obs]vance ( any c]emonial rite1 & 0 on t acc\nt excommunicat$ f ! congregation ( ,israel1 su* excommunication exclud$ him also f ! family ( an ,israelite4 ,9 o!r words he c\ld be a s]vant no long] ?an he 0 an ,israelite4 ,to =feit ! latt] di/9ction involv$ ! =feiture ( ! =m] privilege--:i* proves t x 0 a privilege4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,hebrew ,,s]vant ,,c\ld ,,compel ,,8 ,,ma/] ,,to ,,keep ,,him4 ,:5 ! six ye>s' contract _h expir$1 if ! s]vant dem&$ x1 ! law oblig$ ! ma/] to reta9 him p]man5tly1 h[ev] little he might ne$ 8 s]vices4 ,deut4 xv4 #ab-ag2 ,ex4 xxi4 #b-f4 ,?is %[s t ! sy/em 0 fram$ to advance ! int]e/ & gratify ! wi%es ( ! s]vant q z mu* z ^? ( ! ma/]4 ,v4 ,,s]vants ,,7 ,,admitt$ ,,into ,,cov5ant ,,) ,,god4 ,deut4 xxix4 #aj-ac4 ,,vi4 ,,!y ,,7 ,,gue/s ,,at ,,all ,,national ,,& ,,family ,,fe/ivals ,ex4 xii4 #dc-dd2 ,deut xii4 #ab1 #ah1 xvi4 #aj-af4 ,,vii4 ,,!y ,,7 ,,/at$ly ,,in/ruct$ ,,9 ,,morality ,,& ,,religion4 ,deut4 xxxi4 #aj-ac2 ,jo%4 viii4 #cc-ce2 #b ,*ron4 xvii4 #h-i1 xxxv4 #c1 & xxxiv4 #cj4 ,neh4 viii4 #g1 #h4 ,,viii4 ,,!y ,,7 ,,releas$ ,,f ,,_! ,,regul> ,,labor ,,ne>ly ,,"o ,,half ,,( ,,! ,,:ole ,,"t4 ,dur+ :i* !y _h _! entire support1 & ! same in/ruction t 0 provid$ = ! o!r memb]s ( ! ,hebrew community4 ,! ,law secur$ to !m1 #a4 ,e sev5? ye>2 ,lev4 xxv4 #c-f2 ?us giv+ to ^? :o 7 s]vants dur+ ! entire p]iod betwe5 ! jubilees1 eight :ole ye>s1 7includ+ ! jubilee ye>17 ( unbrok5 re/4 #b4 ,e sev5? day4 ,?is 9 =ty-two ye>s1 ! eight be+ subtract$ f ! fifty1 w\ld am\nt to j six ye>s4 #c4 ,! ?ree annual fe/ivals4 ,ex4 xxiii4 #ag1 xxxiv4 #bc4 ,! ,passov]1 :i* comm5c$ on ! #ae? ( ! #a/ mon?1 & la/$ sev5 days1 ,deut4 xvi4 #c1 #h4 ,! ,p5teco/1 or ,fea/ ( ,weeks1 :i* began on ! #f? day ( ! #c;d mon?1 & la/$ sev5 days4 ,deut4 xvi4 #aj1 #aa4 ,! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 :i* comm5c$ on ! #ae? ( ! #g? mon?1 & la/$ eight days4 ,deut4 xvi4 #ac1 #ae2 ,lev4 xxiii4 #cd-ci4 ,z all met 9 "o place1 mu* "t w\ld be sp5t on ! j\rney4 ,cumb]$ c>avans move sl[ly4 ,aft] _! arrival1 a day or two w\ld be requisite = div]s prep>ations be=e ! celebration1 besides "s "t at ! close ( x1 9 prep>ations = return4 ,if we assign ?ree weeks to ea* fe/ival--includ+ ! "t sp5t on ! j\rneys1 & ! delays be=e & aft] ! celebration1 toge!r ) ! fe/ival week1 x w be a small all[ance = ! cessation ( _! regul> labor4 ,z !re 7 ?ree fe/ivals 9 ! ye>1 ! ma9 body ( ! s]vants w\ld be abs5t f _! /at$ employm5ts at lea/ n9e weeks annually1 :i* w\ld am\nt 9 =ty-two ye>s1 subtract+ ! sabba?s1 to six ye>s & eighty-f\r days4 #d4 ,! new moons4 ,! ,jewi% ye> _h twelve2 ,josephus says t ! ,jews always kept two days = ! new moon4 ,see ,calmet on ! ,jewi% ,cal5d>1 & ,horne's ,introduction2 also #a ,sam4 xx1 #ah1 #ai1 #bg4 ,?is1 9 =ty-two ye>s1 w\ld be two ye>s #bhj days4 #e4 ,! fea/ ( trumpets4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! sev5? mon?1 & ( ! civil ye>4 ,lev4 xxiii4 #bd1 #be4 #f4 ,! atonem5t day4 ,on ! t5? ( ! sev5? mon? ,lev4 xxiii4 #bg4 ,^! two fea/s w\ld consume n less ?an sixty-five days n reckon$ above4 ,?us x appe>s t ^? :o cont9u$ s]vants dur+ ! p]iod betwe5 ! jubilees1 7 by law releas$ f _! labor1 ,,tw5ty-,,?ree ,,ye>s ,,& ,,sixty-,,f\r ,,days1 ,,out ,,( ,,fifty ,,ye>s1 & ^? :o rema9$ a less "t1 9 ne>ly ! same proportion4 ,9 ?is calculation1 besides mak+ a donation ( all ! fractions to ! objector1 we h left out ^? num]\s local fe/ivals to :i* frequ5t allusion is made1 ,judg4 xxi4 #ai2 #a ,sam4 ix4 #ab4 #bb4 etc41 & ! v>i\s family fe/ivals1 su* z at ! wean+ ( *ildr52 at m>riages2 at %eep %e>+s2 at circumcisions2 at ! mak+ ( cov5ants1 c41 to :i* ref]5ce is (t5 made1 z 9 #a ,sam1 xx4 #f4 #bh1 #bi4 ,nei!r h we includ$ ! fe/ivals in/itut$ at a lat] p]iod ( ! ,jewi% hi/ory--! fea/ ( ,purim1 ,e/h4 ix4 #bh1 #bi2 & ( ! ,d$ication1 :i* la/$ eight days4 ,john x4 #bb2 #a ,mac4 iv4 #ei4 ,f9ally1 ! ,mosaic sy/em secur$ to s]vants1 an am\nt ( "t :i*1 if di/ribut$1 w\ld be almo/ ,,"o ,,half ,,( ,,! ,,days ,,9 ,,ea* ,,ye>4 ,mean:ile1 !y 7 support$1 & furni%$ ) opportunities ( in/ruction4 ,if ?is "t 7 di/ribut$ ov] e day1 ! s]vants w\ld h to !mselves ne>ly "o half ( ea* day4 ,! s]vice ( ^? ,/rang]s :o 7 national s]vants or tribut>ies1 0 regulat$ ^u ! same b5evol5t pr9ciple1 & secur$ to !m ,,two-,,?irds ( ! :ole ye>4 ,a mon? !y 7 9 ,lebanon1 & two mon?s !y 7 at home4 #a ,k+s1 v4 #ac-ae4 ,comp>$ ) #b ,*ron4 #aa4 #ag-ai1 viii4 #g-i2 #a ,k+s1 ix #bj4 #bb4 ,! regulations "u :i* ! inhabitants ( ,gibeon1 ,*ephirah1 ,be]o? & ,kirja?-je>im1 7aft]w>ds call$ ,ne?9ims7 p]=m$ s]vice = ! ,israelites1 mu/ h secur$ to !m ne>ly ! :ole ( _! "t4 ,if1 z is probable1 !y s]v$ 9 c\rses correspond+ to ^? ( _! prie/s :om !y assi/$1 !y 7 9 actual s]vice less ?an "o mon? annually4 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,s]vant ,,0 ,,protect$ ,,by ,,law ,,equally ,,) ,,! ,,o!r ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,community ,pro(4--,judge righte\sly betwe5 e man & 8 bro!r & ,,! ,,/rang] ,,t ,,is ,,) ,,him4 ,ye %all n ,,respect ,,p]sons 9 judgm5t1 b ye %all he> ! ,,small z well z ! great4 ,deut4 i4 #af1 #ai4 ,also ,lev4 xix4 #ae4 xxiv4 #bb4 ,ye %all h "o mann] ( law z well = ! ,,/rang]1 z = "o ( y\r own c\ntry4 ,s ,num4 xv4 #bi4 ,ye %all h ,,"o ,,law = him t s9ne? ?r\gh ignorance1 bo? = him t is born among ! *ildr5 ( ,israel & = ! ,,/rang] t soj\rne? among !m4 ,deut4 xxvii4 #ai4 ,curs$ be he t ,,p]v]te? ,,! ,,judgm5t ,,( ,,! ,,/rang]4,a ,deut4 xxvii4 #ai4 ,footnote ,a3 ,9 a "w entitl$1 ,in/ruction 9 ! ,mosaic ,religion by ,pr(essor ,jholson1 ( ! ,jewi% sem9>y at ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 translat$ into ,engli% by ,rabbi ,lees]1 we f9d ! foll[+4--,sec4 #afe4 ,"q4 ,does holy writ any :]e make a diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,israelite & ! o!r :o is no ,israelite1 9 ^? laws & prohibitions :i* =bid u ! committal ( any ?+ aga9/ our fell[ m58 ,answ]4 ,no :]e we d f9d a trace ( su* a diff]5ce4 ,see ,lev4 xix4 #cc-cf4 ,god says ?\ %alt n murd]1 /eal1 *eat1 c4 ,9 e place ! action itself is prohibit$ z be+ an abom9ation to ,god )\t respect to ! ,,p]sons aga9/ :om x is committ$4 ,x4 ,,! ,,mosaic ,,sy/em ,,enjo9$ ,,! ,,greate/ ,,affection ,,& ,,k9dness ,,t[>ds ,,s]vants1 ,,=eign ,,z ,,well ,,z ,,jewi%4 ,! /rang] t dwelle? ) y %all be unto y z "o born among y1 & ?\ %alt love him z ?yself4 ,lev4 xix4 #cd4 ,= ! ,"l y\r ,god 99 99 ,,reg>de? ,,n ,,p]sons4 ,he do? execute ! judgm5t ( ! fa!rless & wid[1 & ,,love? ,,! ,,/rang]1 9 giv+ him food & raim5t1 ,,love ,,ye ,,!re=e ,,! ,,/rang]4 ,deut4 x4 #ag1 #ai4 ,?\ %alt nei!r vex a ,,/rang] nor oppress him4 ,ex4 xxii4 #ba4 ,?\ %alt n oppress a ,,/rang]1 = ye "k ! he>t ( a /rang]4 ,ex4 xxiii4 #i4 ,if ?y bro!r be wax5 poor ?\ %alt relieve him1 yea1 ?\gh he be a ,,/rang] or a soj\rn]1 t he may live ) !e1 take ?\ no usury ( him or increase1 b fe> ?y ,god4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ce1 #cf4 ,c\ld ?is same /rang] be tak5 by "o t fe>$ 8 ,god1 & held z a slave1 & robb$ ( "t1 e>n+s1 & all 8 rights8 ,,xi4 ,,s]vants ,,7 ,,plac$ ,,^u ,a ,,level ,,) ,,_! ,,ma/]s ,,9 ,,all ,,civil ,,& ,,religi\s ,,rights4 ,num4 xv4 #ae1 #af1 #bi2 ix4 #ad2 ,deut4 i4 #af1 #ag2 ,lev4 xxiv4 #bb4 ,to ^! may be add$ t num]\s class ( passages :i* repres5ts ,god z reg>d+ alike ! natural rights ( all m51 & mak+ = all an equal provision4 ,su* z1 #b ,*ron4 xix4 #g2 ,prov4 xxiv4 #bc1 xxviii4 #ba2 ,job4 xxxiv4 #ai1 #b ,sam4 xiv4 #ad2 ,acts x4 #ce2 ,eph4 vi4 #i4 ,f9ally--,) su* wat*ful jeal\sy did ! ,mosaic ,in/itutes gu>d ! rights ( s]vants1 z to make ! m]e fact ( a s]vant's escape f 8 ma/] presumptive evid5ce t 8 ma/] _h oppress$ him2 & on t presumption1 annull$ 8 ma/]'s au?ority ov] him1 gave him lic5se to g :]ev] he pleas$1 & comm&$ all to protect him4 ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae1 #af4 ,z ?is regulation w be exam9$ "u a subsequ5t head1 :]e its full discussion m appropriately belongs1 we notice x "h m]ely to po9t out its be>+s on ! topic "u consid]ation4 ,,^! ,,are ,,regulations ,,( ,,t ,,mosaic ,,sy/em ,,:i* ,,is ,,claim$ ,,by ,,slavehold]s ,,z ,,! ,,prototype ,,( ,,am]ican ,,slav]y4 ,,ii4 ,,7 ,,p]sons ,,made ,,s]vants ,,aga9/ ,,_! ,,wills8 ,we argue t !y became s]vants ( _! own accord1 because1 ,i4 ,,to ,,become ,a ,,s]vant ,,0 ,,to ,,become ,a ,,proselyte4 ,:oev] ( ! /rang]s became a s]vant1 he 0 requir$ to abjure idolatry1 to ent] into cov5ant ) ,god,a1 be circumcis$ 9 tok5 ( x1 be b\nd to keep ! ,sabba?1 ! ,passov]1 ! ,p5teco/1 & ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 & to receive in/ruction 9 ! moral & c]emonial law4 ,7 ! s]vants =c$ ?r\gh all ^! processes8 ,0 ! r5unciation ( idolatry compulsory8 ,7 !y dragg$ into cov5ant ) ,god8 ,7 !y seiz$ & circumcis$ by ma9 /r5g?8 ,7 !y compell$ me*anically to *ew & swall[ ! fle% ( ! ,pas*al lamb1 :ile !y abhorr$ ! in/itution1 spurn$ ! laws t enjo9$ x1 dete/$ its au?or & its executors1 & in/ead ( rejoic+ 9 ! deliv]ance :i* x commemorat$1 bewail$ x z a calamity1 & curs$ ! day ( its consummation8 ,7 !y driv5 f all p>ts ( ! l& ?ree times 9 ! ye> to ! annual fe/ivals8 ,7 !y drugg$ ) in/ruction :i* !y nauseat$8 ,7 !y goad$ ?r\gh a r\nd ( c]emonies1 to !m s5seless & disgu/+ mumm]ies2 & drill$ into ! tactics ( a cre$ rank ) loa!d abom9ations8 ,we repeat x1 to become a s]vant1 0 to become a proselyte4 ,did ,god au?orize 8 p to make proselytes at ! po9t ( ! bayonet8 by ! t]ror ( pa9s & p5alties8 by conv]t+ m5 into m]*&ise8 ,7 proselyte & *attel synonymes 9 ! ,div9e vocabul>y8 ,mu/ a man be sunk to a ?+ be=e tak5 into cov5ant ) ,god8 ,0 ?is ! /ipulat$ condition ( adoption8 ! sure & sacr$ passport to ! communion ( ! sa9ts8 ,footnote ,a3 ,maimonides1 a contempor>y ) ,j>*i1 & :o /&s ) him at ! head ( ,jewi% writ]s1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony on ?is po9t3 ,:e!r a s]vant be born 9 ! p[] ( an ,israelite1 or :e!r he be pur*as$ f ! hea!n1 ! ma/] is to br+ !m bo? into ! cov5ant4 ,b he t is 9 ! h\se is ent]$ on ! eigh? day1 & he t is b\ght ) money1 on ! day on :i* 8 ma/] receives him1 unless ! slave be unwill+4 ,= if ! ma/] receive a gr[n slave1 & he be unwill+1 8 ma/] is to be> ) him1 to seek to w9 him ov] by in/ruction1 & by love & k9dness1 = "o ye>4 ,aft] :i*1 %\ld he refuse s long1 x is =bidd5 to keep him long] ?an a ye>4 ,& ! ma/] mu/ s5d him back to ! /rang]s f :5ce he came4 ,= ! ,god ( ,jacob w n accept any o!r ?an ! wor%ip ( a will+ he>t4--,maimon1 ,hilco? ,milo?1 ,*ap4 #a1 ,sec4 #h4 ,! anci5t ,jewi% ,doctors ass]t t ! s]vant f ! ,/rang]s :o at ! close ( 8 probation>y ye>1 refus$ to adopt ! ,jewi% religion & 0 on t acc\nt s5t back to 8 own p1 receiv$ a full comp5sation = 8 s]vices1 besides ! paym5t ( 8 exp5ses4 ,b t po/ponem5t ( ! circumcision ( ! =eign s]vant = a ye> 7or ev5 at all aft] he _h ent]$ ! family ( an ,israelite7 ( :i* ! ,mi%nic doctors speak1 seems to h be5 a m]e usage4 ,we f9d no?+ ( x 9 ! regulations ( ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,circumcision 0 manife/ly a rite /rictly initiatory4 ,:e!r x 0 a rite m]ely national or spiritual1 or bo?1 comes n )9 ! scope ( ?is inquiry4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,surr5d] ,,( ,,fugitive ,,s]vants ,,to ,,_! ,,ma/]s ,,0 ,,prohibit$4 ,?\ %alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant :i* is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto !e4 ,he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose1 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/2 ?\ %alt n oppress him4 ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae1 #af4 ,z ?\gh ,god _h said1 ,to deliv] him up w\ld be to recognize ! "r ( ! ma/] to hold him2 8 flee+ %[s 8 *oice1 proclaims 8 wrongs & 8 title to protection2 y %all n =ce him back & ?us recognize ! "r ( ! ma/] to hold him 9 su* a condition z induces him to flee to o!rs = protection4 ,x may be said t ?is comm& ref]r$ only to ! s]vants ( hea!n ma/]s 9 ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,we answ]3 ! t]ms ( ! comm& are unlimit$4 ,b ! objection1 if valid1 w\ld m]ely %ift ! pressure ( ! difficulty to ano!r po9t4 ,did ,god require !m to protect ! free *oice ( a s+le s]vant f ! hea!n1 & yet au?orize ! same p]sons1 to cru% ! free *oice ( ?\s&s ( s]vants f ! hea!n8 ,suppose a case4 ,a =eign s]vant escapes to ! ,israelites2 ,god says1 ,he %all dwell ) !e1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose1 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/4 ,n[1 suppose ?is same s]vant1 in/ead ( com+ into ,israel ( 8 own accord1 _h be5 dragg$ 9 by "s kidnapp]1 :o b\ght him ( 8 ma/]1 & =c$ him into a condition aga9/ 8 w2 w\ld ,he :o =bade su* treatm5t ( ! /rang]1 :o volunt>ily came into ! l&1 sanction ! same treatm5t ( ! same p]son1 provid$ 9 addition to ?is la/ outrage1 ! previ\s "o _h be5 committ$ ( =c+ him into ! nation aga9/ 8 w8 ,to commit viol5ce on ! free *oice ( a =eign s]vant is =soo? a horrible enormity1 provid$ y beg9 ! viol5ce aft] he has come among y4 ,b if y commit ! fir/ act on ! o!r side ( ! l9e2 if y beg9 ! outrage by buy+ him f a ?ird p]son aga9/ 8 w1 & !n te> him f home1 drag him across ! l9e into ! l& ( ,israel1 & hold him z a slave--ah6 t alt]s ! case1 & y may p]petrate ! viol5ce n[ ) impunity6 ,w\ld great] favor h be5 %[n to ?is new com] ?an to ! old resid5ts--^? :o _h be5 s]vants 9 ,jewi% families p]haps = a g5]ation8 ,7 ! ,israelites comm&$ to ex]cise t[>ds him1 uncircumcis$ & out ( ! cov5ant1 a ju/ice & k9dness d5i$ to ! multitudes :o 7 circumcis$1 & )9 ! cov5ant8 ,b1 ! objector f9ds small ga9 to 8 argum5t on ! supposition t ! cov5ant respect$ m]ely ! fugitives f ! surr\nd+ nations1 :ile x left ! s]vants ( ! ,israelites 9 a condition aga9/ _! wills4 ,9 t case1 ! surr\nd+ nations w\ld adopt retaliatory measures1 & become s _m asylums = ,jewi% fugitives4 ,z ^! nations 7 n only on e side ( !m1 b 9 _! mid/1 su* a proclamation w\ld h be5 an effectual lure to m5 ^: condition 0 a con/ant c\nt]action ( w4 ,besides ! same comm& :i* protect$ ! s]vant f ! p[] ( 8 =eign ma/]1 protect$ him equally f ! p[] ( an ,israelite4 ,x 0 n1 m]ely ,?\ %alt n deliv] him unto 8 ma/]1 b he %all dwell ) !e1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose 9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/4 ,e ,israelite 0 =bidd5 to put him 9 any condition aga9/ 8 w4 ,:at 0 ?is b a proclamation1 t all :o *ose to live 9 ! l& & obey ! laws1 7 left to _! own free w1 to dispose ( _! s]vices at su* a rate1 to su* p]sons1 & 9 su* places z !y pleas$8 ,besides1 grant t ?is comm& prohibit$ ! s5d+ back ( =eign s]vants only1 !re 0 no law requir+ ! return ( s]vants :o _h escap$ f ! ,israelites4 ,prop]ty lo/1 & cattle escap$1 !y 7 requir$ to return1 b n escap$ s]vants4 ,^! v]ses conta91 #a/1 a comm&1 ,?\ %alt n deliv]1 c41 #b;d4 a decl>ation ( ! fugitive's "r ( free *oice1 & ( ,god's w t he %\ld ex]cise x at 8 own discretion2 & #c;d1 a comm& gu>d+ ?is "r1 namely1 ,?\ %alt n oppress him1 z ?\gh ,god _h said1 ,if y re/ra9 him f ex]cis+ 8 own *oice1 z to ! place & condition ( 8 resid5ce1 x is oppression1 & %all n be tol]at$4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,p]haps x may be object$ t ?is view ( ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae1 #af1 makes nons5se ( ,ex4 xxi4 #bg1 :i* provides t if a man /rikes out 8 s]vant's too? he %all let him g free4 ,small favor inde$ if ! s]vant might set himself free :5ev] he pleas$6 ,answ]--,! =m] passage might remove ! s]vant f ! ma/]'s au?ority1 )\t annull+ ! ma/]'s legal claims ^u ! s]vant1 if he _h paid him 9 advance & _h n receiv$ f him an equival5t1 & ?is equally1 :e!r 8 ma/] 7 a ,jew or a ,g5tile4 ,! latt] passage1 ,he %all let him g free = 8 too?'s sake1 n only fre$ ! s]vant f ! ma/]'s au?ority1 b also f any pecuni>y claim :i* ! ma/] might h on acc\nt ( hav+ paid 8 wages 9 advance2 & ?is z a comp5sation1 = ! loss ( a too?4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,s]vants ,,_h ,,peculi> ,,opportunities ,,& ,,facilities ,,= ,,escape4 ,?ree times e ye>1 all ! males ov] twelve ye>s1 7 requir$ to att5d ! national fea/s4 ,!y 7 ?us abs5t f _! homes n less ?an ?ree weeks at ea* "t1 mak+ n9e weeks annually4 ,z ^! c>avans mov$ ov] ! c\ntry1 7 !re milit>y sc\ts l9+ ! way1 to int]cept des]t]s8--a corporal's gu>d at ea* pass ( ! m\nta9s1 s5t9els pac+ ! hilltops1 & light-horse sc\r+ ! defiles8 ,! ,israelites mu/ h _h "s safe contrivance = tak+ _! slaves ?ree times 9 a ye> to ,j]usalem & back4 ,:5 a body ( slaves is mov$ any di/ance 9 our republic1 !y are h&cuff$ & *a9$ toge!r1 to keep !m f runn+ away1 or beat+ _! driv]s' bra9s out4 ,0 ?is ! ,mosaic plan1 or an improvem5t introduc$ by ,samuel1 or 0 x left = ! wisdom ( ,solomon8 ,! usage1 d\btless1 claims a pat]nity n less v5]able & biblical6 ,p]haps !y 7 la%$ ^u camels1 & transport$ 9 bundles1 or cag$ up & trundl$ on :eels to & fro1 & :ile at ! ,holy ,city1 lodg$ 9 jail = safe keep+1 ! ,sanh$rim appo9t+ special religi\s s]vices = _! b5efit1 & _! driv]s (ficiat+ at ,,oral in/ruction4 ,mean:ile1 :at became ( ! /urdy h&maids left at home8 ,:at h9d]$ !m f /alk+ (f 9 a body8 ,p]haps ! ,israeliti% matrons /ood s5try 9 rotation r\nd ! kit*5s1 :ile ! "y ladies sc\r$ ! c\ntry1 z m\nt$ rang]s1 pick+ up /raggl]s by day1 & patroll$ ! /reets1 keep+ a %>p look-out at night6 ,,iv4 ,,wilful ,,neglect ,,( ,,c]emonial ,,rites ,,dissolv$ ,,! ,,relation4 ,suppose ! s]vants f ! hea!n _h1 ^u ent]+ ,jewi% families1 refus$ circumcision2 if slaves1 h[ simple ! process ( emancipation6 ,_! refusal did ! job4 ,or1 suppose !y _h refus$ to att5d ! annual fea/s1 or _h eat5 leav5$ bread dur+ ! ,passov]1 or comp\nd$ ! +r$i5ts ( ! ano9t+ oil1 or _h t\*$ a dead body1 a bone1 or a grave1 or 9 any way _h contract$ c]emonial uncleanness1 & refus$ to be cleans$ ) ! wat] ( sep>ation1 !y w\ld h be5 cut (f f ! p2 excommunicat$4 ,ex4 xii4 #ai2 xxx4 #cc2 ,num4 xix4 #af4 ,v4 ,,s]vants ,,( ,,! ,,patri>*s ,,necess>ily ,,volunt>y4 ,abraham's s]vants are an illu/ration4 ,at "o "t he _h ?ree hundr$ & eighte5 "y m5 born 9 8 h\se1 & _m m n born 9 8 h\se4 ,8 s]vants ( all ages 7 probably ,,_m ,,?\s&s4 ,h[ did ,abraham & ,s>ah contrive to hold fa/ s _m ?\s& s]vants aga9/ _! wills8 ,! mo/ natural supposition is t ! ,patri>* & 8 wife took turns 9 surr\nd+ !m6 ,! neighbor+ tribes1 in/ead ( con/itut+ a picket gu>d to hem 9 8 s]vants1 w\ld h be5 f> m likely to sweep !m & him into captivity1 z !y did ,lot & 8 h\sehold4 ,besides1 !re 0 nei!r con/itution nor compact1 to s5d back ,abraham's fugitives1 nor a truckl+ police to p\nce ^u !m1 nor g5tlem5-kidnapp]s1 su+ = 8 patronage1 volunte]+ to h[l on _! track1 boa/+ _! blood-h\nd sc5t1 & pl$g+ _! hon\r to hunt d[n & deliv] up1 provid$ !y _h a description ( ! fle%-m>ks1 & 7 suitably /imulat$ by pieces ( silv]4,a ,abraham seems also to h be5 sadly defici5t 9 all ! auxili>ies ( family gov]nm5t1 su* z /ocks1 h&-cuffs1 foot-*a9s1 yokes1 gags1 & ?umb-screws4 ,8 de/itution ( ^! patri>*al indisp5sables is ! m afflict+1 s9ce he fai?fully tra9$ 8 h\sehold to d ju/ice & judgm5t1 ?\gh s deplorably de/itute ( ! ne$ful aids4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! foll[+ is a /&+ newspap] adv]tisem5t ( "o ( ^! pr(essional man-cat*]s1 a memb] ( ! ,new ,york b>1 :o coolly plies 8 trade 9 ! comm]cial emporium1 su/a9$ by ! complac5t greet+s & c\rtesies ( ,,honorable ,,m56 ,,important ,,to ,,! ,,s\?4--,f4,h4 ,pettis1 native ( ,orange ,c\nty1 ,va41 be+ locat$ 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 9 ! practice ( law1 ann\nces to 8 fri5ds & ! public 9 g5]al1 t he has be5 engag$ z ,c\nsel & ,advis] 9 ,g5]al = a p>ty ^: bus9ess x is 9 ! nor!rn cities to arre/ & secure runaway slaves4 ,he has be5 ?us engag$ = sev]al ye>s1 & z ! act ( ,congress alone gov]ns n[ 9 ?is city1 9 bus9ess ( ?is sort1 :i* r5d]s x easy = ! recov]y ( su* prop]ty1 he invites po/ paid communications to him1 inclos+ a fee ( #bj 9 ea* case1 & a p[] ( ,attorney m9utely descriptive ( ! p>ty abscond$1 & if 9 ! nor!rn region1 he1 or %e w soon be _h4 ,mr4 ,pettis w att5d promptly to all law bus9ess confid$ to him4 ,n4,b4 ,new ,york ,city is e/imat$ to conta9 #e1jjj ,runaway ,slaves4 ,,pettis4 ,probably ,job _h ev5 m s]vants ?an ,abraham4 ,see ,job4 i4 #c1 #ad-ai1 & xlii4 #ab4 ,t 8 ?\s&s ( s]vants /aid ) him entirely ( _! own accord1 is prov$ by ! fact ( _! /ay+ ) him4 ,suppose !y _h wi%$ to quit 8 s]vice1 & s ! :ole army _h fil$ (f be=e him 9 full retreat1 h[ c\ld ! patri>* h br\ght !m to halt8 ,d\btless ) 8 wife1 sev5 sons1 & ?ree daught]s = allies1 he w\ld h soon out-flank$ ! fugitive ho/ & dragg$ ea* ( !m back to 8 wont$ *a9 & /aple4 ,b ! impossibility ( ,job's s]vants be+ held aga9/ _! wills1 is n ! only pro( ( _! volunt>y condition4 ,we h 8 own explicit te/imony t he _h n )held f ! poor _! desire4 ,job4 xxxi4 #af4 ,( c\rse he c\ld h>dly h made !m live ) him1 & =c$ !m to "w = him aga9/ _! desire4 ,:5 ,isaac soj\rn$ 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,phili/9es he _h great /ore ( s]vants4 ,& we h 8 te/imony t ! ,phili/9es hat$ him1 add$ to t ( inspiration t !y envi$ him4 ,( c\rse !y w\ld h>dly volunte] to organize patroles & committees ( vigilance to keep 8 s]vants f runn+ away1 & to drive back all :o 7 f\nd beyond ! limits ( 8 plantation )\t a pass6 ,if ! ?\s&s ( ,isaac's s]vants 7 held aga9/ _! wills1 :o held !m8 ,! s]vants ( ! ,jews1 dur+ ! build+ ( ! wall ( ,j]usalem1 "u ,nehemiah1 may be includ$ "u ?is head4 ,t !y rema9$ ) _! ma/]s ( _! own accord1 we argue f ! fact1 t ! circum/ances ( ! ,jews made x impossible = !m to compel _! resid5ce & s]vice4 ,!y 7 few 9 numb]1 )\t res\rces1 def5sive =tifications1 or munitions ( w>1 & surr\nd$ )al by a ho/ ( foes1 sc(f+ at _! feebl5ess & invit+ des]tion f _! ranks4 ,yet s f> f ! ,jews attempt+ 9 any way to re/ra9 _! s]vants1 or resort+ to precautions to prev5t escape1 !y put arms into _! h&s1 & enroll$ !m z a night-gu>d1 = ! def5ce ( ! city4 ,by *e]fully engag+ 9 ?is s]vice & 9 labor by day1 :5 ) entire ease !y might all h left _! ma/]s1 m>*$ ov] to ! enemy1 & be5 receiv$ ) %\t+s1 ! s]vants te/ifi$ t _! condition 0 "o ( _! own *oice1 & t !y reg>d$ _! own int]e/s z insep>ably id5tifi$ ) ^? ( _! ma/]s4 ,neh4 iv4 #bc4 ,,vi4 ,,no ,,in/ances ,,( ,,israeliti% ,,ma/]s ,,sell+ ,,s]vants4 ,nei!r ,abraham nor ,isaac seem ev] to h sold "o1 ?\gh !y _h great /ore ( s]vants4 ,jacob 0 himself a s]vant 9 ! family ( ,laban tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,he _h aft]w>d a l>ge numb] ( s]vants4 ,joseph invit$ him to come into ,egypt1 & to br+ all t he _h ) him--?\ & ?y *ildr51 & ?y *ildr5's *ildr51 & ?y flocks & ?y h]ds1 & ,,all ,,t ,,?\ ,,ha/4 ,g54 xlv4 #aj4 ,jacob took 8 flocks & h]ds b no s]vants4 ,yet we are told t ,jacob took 8 j\rney ) all t he _h4 ,g54 xlvi4 #a4 ,& aft] 8 arrival 9 ,egypt1 ,joseph said to ,ph>aoh my fa!r1 & my bre?r51 & _! flocks1 & _! h]ds & all t !y h1 are come4 ,g54 xlvii4 #a4 ,! s]vants d\btless1 s]v$ "u _! own contracts1 & :5 ,jacob w5t into ,egypt1 !y *ose to /ay 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,! gov]nm5t might sell ?ieves1 if !y _h no prop]ty1 until _! s]vices _h made good ! injury1 & paid ! legal f9e4 ,ex4 xxii4 #c4 ,b ma/]s seem to h _h no p[] to sell _! s]vants4 ,to give ! ma/] a "r to sell 8 s]vant1 w\ld annihilate ! s]vant's "r ( *oice 9 8 own disposal2 b says ! objector1 to give ! ma/] a "r to buy a s]vant1 equally annihilates ! s]vant's "r ( *oice4 ,answ]4 ,x is "o ?+ to h a "r to buy a man1 & a q ano!r ?+ to h a "r to buy him ( ano!r man4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,!re is no evid5ce t ma/]s _h ! p[] to dispose ( ev5 ! s]vices ( _! s]vants1 z m5 hire out _! labor]s :om !y employ by ! ye>2 b :e!r !y _h or n1 affects n ! argum5t4 ,?\gh s]vants 7 n b\ght ( _! ma/]s1 yet "y females 7 b\ght ( _! fa!rs4 ,b _! pur*ase z s]vants 0 _! betro?al z ,,wives4 ,ex4 xxi4 #g1 #h4 ,if a man sell 8 daught] to be a maid-s]vant1 %e %all n g out z ! m5-s]vants d4 ,if %e please n h] ma/] ,,:o ,,ha? ,,betro!d ,,h] ,,to ,,himself1 he %all let h] be r$eem$4,b ,footnote ,b3 ,! comm5t ( ,maimonides on ?is passage is z foll[s3--,a ,hebrew h&maid might n be sold b to "o :o laid himself "u obligations1 to esp\se h] to himself or to 8 son1 :5 %e 0 fit to be betro!d4--,maimonides--,hilco?--,ob$im1 ,*4 ,,iv4 ,sec4 ,,xi4 ,j>*i1 on ! same passage1 says1 ,he is b\nd to esp\se h] to be 8 wife1 = ! money ( h] pur*ase is ! money ( h] esp\sal4 ,,vii4 ,,volunt>y ,,s]vants ,,f ,,! ,,/rang]s4 ,we inf] t all ! s]vants f ! ,/rang]s 7 volunt>y 9 becom+ su*1 s9ce we h direct te/imony t "s ( !m 7 s4 ,?\ %alt n oppress an hir$ s]vant t is poor & ne$y1 :e!r he be ( ?y bre?r51 ,,or ,,( ,,?y ,,/rang]s t are 9 ?y l& )9 ?y gates4 ,deut4 xxiv4 #ad4 ,we le>n f ?is t "s ( ! s]vants1 :i* ! ,israelites obta9$ f ! /rang]s 7 procur$ by pres5t+ ! inducem5t ( wages to _! free *oice1 ?us recogniz+ _! "r to sell _! s]vices to o!rs1 or n1 at _! own pleasure4 ,did ! ,israelites1 :5 !y w5t among ! hea!n to procure s]vants1 take money 9 "o h& & ropes 9 ! o!r8 ,did !y ask "o man to engage 9 _! s]vice1 & drag along ) !m ! next t !y met1 9 spite ( 8 /ruggles4 ,did !y knock = admission at "o door & break d[n ! next8 ,did !y g ?r\gh "o village ) fri5dly salutations & respectful demeanor1 & ) ! air ( ^? solicit+ favors1 (f] wages to ! inhabitants z an inducem5t to engage 9 _! s]vice--:ile !y s5t on _! ag5ts to pr[l ?r\gh ! next1 ) a kidnapp+ posse at _! heels1 to te> f _! homes z _m z !y c\ld get )9 _! clut*es8 ,,viii4 ,,hebrew ,,s]vants ,,volunt>y4 ,we inf] t ! ,hebrew s]vant 0 volunt>y 9 ,,comm5c+ 8 s]vice1 because he 0 preem95tly s ,,9 ,,cont9u+ x4 ,if1 at ! ye> ( release1 x 0 ! s]vant's *oice to rema9 ) 8 ma/]1 ! law requir$ 8 e> to be bor$ by ! judges ( ! l&1 ?us mak+ x impossible = him to be held aga9/ 8 w4 ,yea m1 8 ma/] 0 compell$ to keep him1 h[ev] mu* he might wi% to get rid ( him4 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,mann] ,,( ,,procur+ ,,s]vants1 ,,an ,,appeal ,,to ,,*oice4 ,! ,israelites 7 comm&$ to (f] !m a suitable inducem5t1 & !n leave !m to decide4 ,!y might nei!r seize !m by =ce1 nor fright5 !m by ?reats1 nor :e$le !m by false pret5ces1 nor borr[ !m1 nor beg !m2 b !y 7 comm&$ to ,,buy !m,a--t is1 !y 7 to recognize ! "r ( ! individuals to dispose ( _! own s]vices1 & _! "r to refuse all (f]s1 & ?us oblige ^? :o made !m1 to d _! own "w4 ,suppose all1 ) "o accord1 _h refus$ to become s]vants1 :at provision did ! ,mosaic law make = su* an em]g5cy8 ,,none4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! case ( ?ieves1 ^: s]vices 7 sold until !y _h e>n$ en\gh to make re/itution to ! p]son wrong$1 & to pay ! legal p5alty1 /&s by itself1 & has no?+ to d ) ! condition ( s]vants4 ,x4 ,,incid5tal ,,corroboratives4 ,v>i\s incid5tal expressions corroborate ! idea t s]vants became su* by _! own contract4 ,job4 xli4 #d1 is an illu/ration1 ,w he 7,levia?an7 make a ,,cov5ant ) !e8 wilt ?\ take him = a ,,s]vant =ev]8 ,isa4 xiv4 #a1 #b is also an illu/ration4 ,! /rang]s %all be jo9$ ) !m 7! ,israelites7 & !y %all ,,cleave to ! h\se ( ,jacob1 & ! h\se ( ,israel %all possess !m 9 ! l& ( ! ,"l1 = s]vants & h&maids4 ,! transaction :i* made ! ,egyptians ! ,,s]vants ,,( ,,ph>aoh 0 volunt>y ?r\gh\t4 ,see ,g54 xlvii4 #ah-bf4 ,( _! own accord !y came to ,joseph & said1 ,!re is n aught left b our bodies & our l&s2 buy u2 !n 9 ! #be? v]se1 ,we w be ,ph>aoh's s]vants4 ,to ^! x may be add$1 t ! sacrifices & (f]+s :i* ,,all 7 requir$ to pres5t1 7 to be made ,,volunt>ily4 ,lev4 i4 #b4 #c4 ,! p]t95ce & po9t ( our ,"l's decl>ation 9 ,luke xvi4 #ac1 is de/roy$ on ! supposition t s]vants did n become su* by _! own *oice4 ,no s]vant c s]ve two ma/]s3 = ei!r he w hate ! "o & love ! o!r1 or else he w hold to ! "o & despise ! o!r4 ,let x be kept 9 m9d1 t our ,"l 0 a ,jew4 ,! lo/ %eep ( ! h\se ( ,israel 7 8 flock4 ,:]ev] he w5t1 !y 7 ar\nd him3 :5ev] he spake1 !y 7 8 auditors4 ,8 public prea*+ & 8 private tea*+ & conv]sation1 7 full ( ref]5ces to _! own in/itutions1 laws & usages1 & ( illu/rations drawn f !m4 ,9 ! v]se quot$1 he illu/rates ! impossibility ( _! mak+ *oice ( ,god z _! portion1 & becom+ 8 s]vants1 :ile !y *ose ! _w1 & 7 its s]vants4 ,to make ?is cle>1 he ref]s to "o ( _! own in/itutions1 t ( dome/ic s]vice1 ) :i*1 9 all its relations1 incid5ts & usages1 !y 7 p]fectly famili>4 ,he rem9ds !m ( ! well-kn[n impossibility ( any p]son be+ ! s]vant ( two ma/]s1 & decl>es ! sole gr\nd ( t impossibility to be1 ! fact t ! s]vant *ooses ! s]vice ( ! "o1 & spurns t ( ! o!r4 ,he %all hold to ! "o & despise 7reject7 ! o!r4 ,z ?\gh our ,"l _h said1 ,no "o c become ! s]vant ( ano!r1 :5 8 w revolts f 8 s]vice1 & :5 ! conditions ( x t5d to make him hate ! man4 ,s9ce ! fact t ! s]vant spurns "o ( two ma/]s1 makes x impossible = him to s]ve t "o1 if he spurn$ bo? x w\ld make x impossible = him to s]ve ei!r4 ,s1 also1 if ! fact t an individual did n hold to or *oose ! s]vice ( ano!r1 proves t he c\ld n become 8 s]vant1 !n ! "q1 :e!r or n he %\ld become ! s]vant ( ano!r 0 susp5d$ on 8 own w4 ,fur!r1 ! phraseology ( ! passage %[s t ! *oice ( ! s]vant decid$ ! "q4 ,he w ,,hold ,,to ! "o1--h5ce !re is no difficulty 9 ! way ( 8 s]v+ him2 b no s]vant c s]ve a ma/] :om he does n hold to1 or cleave to1 ^: s]vice he does n *oose4 ,?is is ! sole gr\nd ( ! impossibility ass]t$ by our ,"l4 ,! la/ clause ( ! v]se furni%es an application ( ! pr9ciple ass]t$ 9 ! =m] "p1 ,ye _c s]ve ,god & mammon4 ,n[ 9 :at does ! impossibility ( s]v+ bo? ,god & ! _w consi/8 ,solely 9 ! fact t ! w :i* *ooses ! "o refuses ! o!r1 & ! affections :i* hold to ! "o1 reject ! o!r4 ,?us ! "q1 ,:i* ( ! two is to be s]v$1 is susp5d$ alone ^u ! *oice ( ! individual4 ,,xi4 ,,ri* ,,/rang]s ,,did ,,n ,,become ,,s]vants4 ,inde$1 s f> 7 !y f becom+ s]vants !mselves1 t !y b\ght & held ,jewi% s]vants4 ,lev4 xxv4 #dg4 ,s9ce ri* /rang]s did n become s]vants to ! ,israelites1 we inf] t ^? :o did1 became su* n because !y 7 /rang]s1 b because !y 7 poor1--n because1 on acc\nt ( _! be+ hea!n1 !y 7 compell$ by =ce to become s]vants1 b because1 on acc\nt ( _! pov]ty1 !y *ose to become s]vants to bett] _! condition4 ,,xii4 ,,in/ances ,,( ,,volunt>y ,,s]vants4 ,m5tion is (t5 made ( p]sons becom+ s]vants :o 7 manife/ly ,,volunt>y4 ,z ! ,prophet ,eli%a4 #a ,k+s xix4 #ba2 #b ,k+s iii4 #aa4 ,elijah 0 8 ma/]4 #b ,k+s ii4 #e4 ,! ^w translat$ ma/]1 is ! same t is s r5d]$ 9 almo/ e in/ance :]e ma/]s are spok5 ( "u ! ,mosaic & patri>*al sy/ems4 ,moses 0 ! s]vant ( ,je?ro4 ,ex4 iii4 #a2 iv4 #aj4 ,jo%ua 0 ! s]vant ( ,moses4 ,ex4 xxxiii4 #aa4 ,num4 xi4 #bh4 ,jacob 0 ! s]vant ( ,laban4 ,g54 xxix4 #ah-bg4 ,see also ! case ( ! ,gibeonites :o volunt>ily became s]vants to ! ,israelites & aft]w>ds p]=m$ s]vice = ! h\se ( ,god ?r\gh\t ! subsequ5t ,jewi% hi/ory1 7 incorporate ) ! ,israelites1 regi/]$ 9 ! g5ealogies1 & manife/ly ( _! own accord rema9$ ) !m1 & clave to !m4 ,neh4 x4 #bh1 #bi2 xi4 #c2 ,ez4 vii4 #g4 ,f9ally1 9 all ! regulations respect+ s]vants & _! s]vice1 no =m ( expression is employ$ f :i* x c\ld be inf]r$1 t s]vants 7 made su*1 & held 9 t condition by =ce4 ,add to ?is ! entire abs5ce ( all ! ma*9]y1 appurt5ances & incid5ts ( compulsion4 ,volunt>y s]vice on ! "p ( s]vants w\ld h be5 9 keep+ ) regulations :i* ab\nd$ 9 ! ,mosaic sy/em & su/a9$ by a multitude ( analogies4 ,compulsory s]vice on ! o!r h&1 c\ld h h>moniz$ ) no?+1 & w\ld h be5 ! solit>y di/urb+ =ce1 m>r+ its design1 c\nt]act+ its t5d5cies1 & confus+ & falsify+ its types4 ,! directions giv5 to regulate ! p]=mance ( s]vice = ! public1 lay great /ress on ! will+ness ( ^? employ$ to p]=m x4 ,= ! _s & usages t obta9$ "u ! ,mosaic sy/em 9 ?is respect1 see #a ,*ron4 xxviii4 #ba2 ,ex4 xxxv4 #e1 #ba1 #bb1 #bi2 #a ,*ron4 xxix4 #e1 #f1 #i1 #ad1 #ag2 ,ex4 xxv4 #b2 ,judges v4 #b2 ,lev4 xxii4 #bi2 #b ,*ron4 xxxv4 #h2 ,ezra i4 #f2 ,ex4 xxxv2 ,neh4 xi4 #b4;,a ,footnote ,a3 ,we %\ld naturally inf] t ! directions :i* regulat$ ! r5d]+ ( s]vice to individuals1 w\ld proce$ ^u ! same pr9ciple 9 ?is respect ) ^? :i* regulat$ ! r5d]+ ( s]vice to ! public4 ,o!rwise ! ,mosaic sy/em1 in/ead ( con/itut+ 9 its diff]5t p>ts a h>moni\s :ole1 w\ld be divid$ aga9/ itself2 its pr9ciples c\nt]act+ & nullify+ ea* o!r4 ,aga91 ! volunt>9ess ( s]vants is a natural inf]5ce f ! fact t ! ,hebrew ^w eb$h1 uni=mly r5d]$ s]vant1 is appli$ to a great v>iety ( classes & descriptions ( p]sons "u ! patri>*al & ,jewi% disp5sations1 all ( :om 7 volunt>y & mo/ ( !m em95tly s4 ,= in/ance1 x is appli$ to p]sons r5d]+ acts ( wor%ip ab\t sev5ty times1 :]eas x is appli$ to s]vants n m ?an half t numb] ( times4 ,to ?is we may add1 t ! illu/rations drawn f ! condition & s]vice ( s]vants & ! ideas :i* ! t]m s]vant is employ$ to convey :5 appli$ figuratively to moral subjects w\ld1 9 mo/ in/ances1 lose all _! =ce1 & (t5 become absurdities if ! w ( ! s]vant resi/$ 8 s]vice1 & he p]=m$ x only by compulsion4 ,_m passages w at once occur to ^? :o are famili> ) ! ,bible4 ,we give a s+le example4 ,to :om ,,ye ,,yield ,,y\rselves s]vants to obey1 8 s]vants ye are to :om ye obey4 ,rom4 vi4 #af4 ,x w\ld h>dly be possible to ass]t ! volunt>9ess ( s]vants m /rongly 9 a direct proposition ?an x is "h ass]t$ by implication4 ,,iii4 ,,7 ,,s]vants ,,=c$ ,,to ,,"w ,,)\t ,,pay ,z ! s]vants became & cont9u$ su* ( _! own accord1 x w\ld be no small m>vel if !y *ose to "w )\t pay4 ,_! becom+ s]vants1 pre-supposes comp5sation z a motive4 ,t !y 7 paid = _! labor1 we argue4 #a4 ,,because ,,god ,,rebuk$ ,,! ,,us+ ,,( ,,s]vice ,,)\t ,,wages4 ,wo unto him t builde? 8 h\se by unrighte\sness1 & 8 *amb]s by wrong2 ,,t ,,use? ,,8 ,,neighbor',s ,,s]vice ,,)\t ,,wages1 ,,& ,,give? ,,him ,,n ,,= ,,8 ,,"w4 ,j]4 xxii4 #ac4 ,! ,hebrew ^w rea1 translat$ neighbor1 means any "o ) :om we h to d--all descriptions ( p]sons1 ev5 ^? :o prosecute u 9 lawsuits1 & enemies :ile 9 ! act ( fight+ u--,z :5 a man rise? aga9/ 8 ,,neighbor & slaye? him4 ,deut4 xxii4 #bf4 ,g n =? ha/ily to /rive1 le/ ?\ "k n :at to d 9 ! end !re(1 :5 ?y ,,neighbor ha? put !e to %ame4 ,prov4 xxv4 #h4 ,?\ %alt n be> false witness aga9/ ?y ,,neighbor4 ,ex4 xx4 #af4 ,if a man come presumptu\sly ^u 8 ,,neighbor to slay him ) guile4 ,ex4 xxi4 #ad1 c4 ,! doctr9e pla9ly inculcat$ 9 ?is passage is1 t e man's labor1 or s]vice1 be+ 8 own prop]ty1 he is entitl$ to ! pr(it ( x1 & t = ano!r to use x )\t pay+ him ! value ( x1 is unrighte\sness4 ,! la/ clause ( ! v]se & give? him n = 8 "w1 reaffirms ! same pr9ciple1 t e man is to be paid = 8 "w4 ,9 ! context1 ! prophet contra/s ! unrighte\sness ( ^? :o us$ ! labor ( o!rs )\t pay1 ) ! ju/ice & equity practic$ by _! patri>*al ance/or t[>d ! poor4 ,did n ?y fa!r eat & dr9k & d judgm5t & ju/ice1 & !n x 0 well ) him4 ,he judg$ ! cause ( ! poor & ne$y2 !n x 0 well ) him4 ,b ?9e eyes & ?9e he>t are n b = ?y covet\sness1 & = to %$ innoc5t blood1 & = oppression1 & = viol5ce to d x4 ,j]4 xxii4 #ae1 #af4 #ag4;,a ,footnote ,a3 ,paul lays d[n ! same pr9ciple 9 ! =m ( a precept ,ma/]s give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is ,,j & ,,equal4 ,col4 iv4 #a4 ,?us n only ass]t+ ! "r ( ! s]vant to an equival5t = 8 labor1 & ! duty ( ! ma/] to r5d] x1 b condemn+ all ^? relations betwe5 ma/] & s]vant :i* 7 n f\nd$ ^u ju/ice & equality ( rights4 ,! apo/le ,james en=ces ! same pr9ciple4 ,behold1 ! hire ( ! labor]s1 :o h reap$ d[n y\r fields1 :i* is ( y kept back by fraud1 crie?4 ,james v4 #d4 ,z ?\gh he _h said1 wages are ! "r ( labor]s2 ^? :o "w = y h a j claim on y = pay2 ?is y refuse to r5d]1 & ?us defraud !m by keep+ f !m :at belongs to !m4 ,see also ,mal4 iii #e4 ,,ii4 ,,god ,,te/ifies ,,t ,,9 ,,our ,,duty ,,to ,,our ,,fell[ ,,m51 ,,all ,,! ,,law ,,& ,,! ,,prophets ,,hang ,,^u ,,?is ,,comm&1 ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,love ,,?y ,,neighbor ,,z ,,?yself4 ,our ,savior1 9 giv+ ?is comm&1 quot$ v]batim "o ( ! laws ( ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,lev4 xix4 #ah4 ,9 ! #cd? v]se ( ! same *apt]1 ,moses applies ?is law to ! treatm5t ( /rang]s1 ,! /rang] t dwelle? ) y %all be unto y z "o born among y1 & ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,love ,,him ,,z ,,?yself4 ,if x be lov+ o!rs z ourselves1 to make !m "w = u )\t pay2 to rob !m ( food & clo?+ also1 w\ld be a /rong] illu/ration /ill ( ! law ( love6 ,sup]-dis9t]e/$ b5evol5ce6 ,& if x be do+ unto o!rs z we w\ld h !m d to u1 to make !m "w = our own good alone1 ,paul %\ld be call$ to ord] = 8 h>d say+s aga9/ human nature1 especially = t libell\s matt] 9 ,eph4 v4 #bi1 ,no man ev] yet hat$ 8 own fle%1 b n\ri%e? x & *]i%e? x4 ,,iii4 ,,s]vants ,,7 ,,(t5 ,,weal?y4 ,z p]sons became s]vants ,,f ,,pov]ty1 we argue t !y 7 comp5sat$1 s9ce !y frequ5tly own$ prop]ty1 & sometimes a l>ge am\nt4 ,ziba1 ! s]vant ( ,mephibo%e?1 gave ,david ,two hundr$ loaves ( bread1 & a hundr$ bun*es ( rais9s1 & a hundr$ ( summ] fruits1 & a bottle ( w9e4 #b ,sam4 xvi4 #a4 ,! ext5t ( 8 possessions c be inf]r$ f ! fact1 t ?\gh ! fa!r ( fifte5 sons1 he _h tw5ty s]vants4 ,9 ,lev4 xxv4 #dg-di1 :]e a s]vant1 r$uc$ to pov]ty1 sold himself1 x is decl>$ t he may be r$eem$1 ei!r by 8 k9dr$1 or by ,,himself4 ,hav+ be5 =c$ to sell himself f pov]ty1 he mu/ h acquir$ consid]able prop]ty aft] he became a s]vant4 ,if x _h n be5 common = s]vants to acquire prop]ty ov] :i* !y _h ! control1 ! s]vant ( ,eli%a w\ld h>dly h v5tur$ to take a l>ge sum ( money1 7ne>ly #cjjj;,a7 f ,naaman1 #b ,k+s v4 #bb1 #bc4 ,z x 0 procur$ by deceit1 he wi%$ to conceal ! means us$ 9 gett+ x2 b if s]vants c\ld own no?+1 nor acquire any?+1 to emb>k 9 su* an ent]prise w\ld h be5 consummate /upidity4 ,! fact ( hav+ 9 8 possession two tal5ts ( silv]1 w\ld ( itself convict him ( !ft4,b ,b s9ce x 0 common = s]vants to own prop]ty1 he might h x1 & inve/ or use x1 )\t attract+ special att5tion1 & t consid]ation alone w\ld h be5 a /rong motive to ! act4 ,8 ma/]1 ?\gh he rebuk$ him = us+ su* means to get ! money1 n only does n take x f him1 b seems to expect t he w\ld inve/ x 9 real e/ate1 & cattle1 & w\ld procure s]vants ) x4 #b ,k+s v4 #bf4 ,we f9d ! s]vant ( ,saul hav+ money1 & reliev+ 8 ma/] 9 an em]g5cy4 #a ,sam4 ix4 #h4 ,arza1 ! s]vant ( ,elah1 0 ! own] ( a h\se4 ,t x 0 some:at magnific5t1 w\ld be a natural inf]5ce f its be+ a resort ( ! k+4 #a ,k+s xvi4 #i4 ,:5 ,jacob became ! s]vant ( ,laban1 x 0 evid5tly f pov]ty1 yet ,laban said to him1 ,tell me :at %all ?y wages be8 ,aft] ,jacob _h be5 8 s]vant = t5 ye>s1 he propos$ to set up = himself1 b ,laban said ,appo9t me ?y wages & ,i w give x1 & he paid him 8 price4 ,dur+ ! tw5ty ye>s t ,jacob 0 a s]vant1 he always work$ = wages & at 8 own price4 ,g54 xxix4 #ae1 #ah2 xxx4 #bh-cc4 ,! case ( ! ,gibeonites1 :o1 aft] becom+ s]vants1 /ill occupi$ _! cities1 & rema9$ 9 _m respects1 a di/9ct p = c5turies2,c & t ( ! #aej1jjj ,canaanites1 ! s]vants ( ,solomon1 :o work$ out _! tribute ( bond-s]vice 9 levies1 p]iodically reliev+ ea* o!r1 are additional illu/rations ( indep5d5ce 9 ! acquisition & own]%ip ( prop]ty4 ,footnote ,a3 ,?\gh we h n suffici5t data to decide ^u ! relative value ( t sum1 !n & n[1 yet we h en\gh to w>rant u 9 say+ t two tal5ts ( silv]1 _h f> m value !n ?an ?ree ?\s& doll>s h n[4 ,footnote ,b3 ,:oev] he>d ( ! slaves 9 our s\!rn /ates /eal+ a l>ge am\nt ( money8 ,!y "k h[ to take c>e ( !mselves q too well = t4 ,:5 !y /eal1 !y are c>eful to d x on su* a small scale1 or 9 ! tak+ ( su* ?+s z w make detection difficult4 ,no d\bt !y /eal n[ & !n1 & a gap+ m>vel w\ld x be if !y did n4 ,:y %\ld !y n foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( _! ma/]s & mi/resses8 ,dull s*ol>s inde$6 if1 aft] s _m lessons f pr(ici5ts 9 ! art1 :o drive ! bus9ess by :olesale1 !y %\ld n occasionally copy _! bett]s1 fall into ! fa%ion1 & try _! h& 9 a small way1 at a practice :i* is ! only p]man5t & univ]sal bus9ess c>ri$ on ar\nd !m6 ,ignoble truly6 nev] to feel ! /irr+s ( high impulse1 prompt+ to imitate ! em95t patt]n set be=e !m 9 ! daily vocation ( ,honorables & ,excell5cies1 & to emulate ! illu/ri\s examples ( ,doctors ( ,div9ity1 & ,"r & ,v ,rev]5ds6 ,he> ,presid5t ,jeff]son's te/imony4 ,9 8 ,notes on ,virg9ia1 pp4 #bjg-h1 speak+ ( slaves1 he says1 ,t disposition to !ft ) :i* !y h be5 br&$1 mu/ be ascrib$ to _! situation1 & n to any special depravity ( ! moral s5se4 ,x is a problem :i* ,i give ! ma/] to solve1 :e!r ! religi\s precepts aga9/ ! violation ( prop]ty 7 n fram$ = ,,him z well z = 8 slave--& :e!r ! slave may n z ju/ifiably take a little f "o :o has tak5 ,,all f him1 z he may slay "o :o w\ld slay him8 ,footnote ,c3 ,! ,ne?9ims1 :i* "n 0 aft]w>ds giv5 to ! ,gibeonites on acc\nt ( _! be+ set ap>t = ! s]vice ( ! tab]nacle1 _h _! own h\ses & cities & dwelt e "o 9 8 own possession4 ,neh4 xi4 #c4 #ba2 ,ezra ii4 #gj2 #a ,*ron4 ix4 #b4 ,aga94 ,! ,israelites (t5 hir$ s]vants f ! /rang]s4 ,deut4 xxiv4 #ag4 ,s9ce !n x is c]ta9 t !y gave wages to a "p ( _! ,canaaniti% s]vants1 ?us recogniz+ _! "r to a rew>d = _! labor1 we inf] t !y did n rob ! re/ ( _! e>n+s4 ,if ,god gave !m a lic5se to make ! /rang]s "w = !m )\t pay--if ?is 0 good & acceptable 9 ,8 sight1 & "r & j 9 itself1 !y mu/ h be5 great fools to h wa/$ _! money by pay+ wages :5 !y c\ld h sav$ x1 by mak+ ! /rang]s d all _! "w = no?+6 ,besides1 by refus+ to avail !mselves ( ?is ,div9e lic5se1 !y despis$ ! bless+ & ca/ contempt on ! giv]6 ,b f> be x f u to d ! ,israelites inju/ice2 p]haps !y seiz$ all ! ,canaanites !y c\ld lay _! h&s on1 & =c$ !m to "w )\t pay1 b n be+ able to cat* en\gh to d _! "w1 7 oblig$ to (f] wages 9 ord] to eke out ! supply6 ,! p>able ( our ,"l1 conta9$ 9 ,mat4 xviii4 #bc-cd1 n only d]ives its significance f ! fact1 t s]vants c bo? own & owe & e>n prop]ty1 ov] :i* !y _h ! control1 b w\ld be made a m$ley ( contradictions on any o!r supposition4--#a4 ,_! "l at a set "t proce$$ to take acc\nt & reckon ) 8 s]vants2 ! phraseology itself %[+ t ! relations betwe5 ! p>ties1 7 ^? ( debt & cr$it4 #b4 ,z ! reckon+ w5t on1 "o ( 8 s]vants 0 f\nd to owe him t5 ?\s& tal5ts4 ,f ! fact t ! s]vant ow$ ?is to 8 ma/]1 we naturally inf]1 t he mu/ h be5 at "s "t1 & 9 "s way1 ! responsible own] ( t am\nt1 or ( its sub/antial equival5t4 ,n t he _h _h t am\nt put into 8 h&s to inve/1 or disburse1 9 8 ma/]'s "n1 m]ely z 8 ag5t1 = 9 t case no claim ( debt = value receiv$ w\ld lie1 b1 t hav+ su/a9$ ! responsibilities ( legal proprietor%ip1 he 0 "u ! liabilities result+ !refrom4 #c4 ,n hav+ on h& :]e) to pay1 he says to 8 ma/] h pati5ce ) me & ,i w pay !e all4 ,if ! s]vant _h be5 8 ma/]'s prop]ty1 8 "t & e>n+s belong$ to ! ma/] z a matt] ( c\rse1 h5ce ! promise to e>n & pay ov] t am\nt1 0 virtually say+ to 8 ma/]1 ,i w take money out ( y\r pocket ) :i* to pay my debt to y1 ?us add+ insult to injury4 ,! promise ( ! s]vant to pay ! debt on condition t ! "t = paym5t %\ld be po/pon$1 n only proce$s ^u ! fact t 8 "t 0 8 own1 t he 0 con/antly e>n+ prop]ty or 9 circum/ances t enabl$ him to e>n x1 & t he 0 ! proprietor ( 8 e>n+s1 b t 8 ma/] _h full k ( t fact4--,9 a ^w1 ! supposition t ! ma/] 0 ! own] ( ! s]vant1 w\ld annihilate all legal claim ^u him = value receiv$1 & t ! s]vant 0 ! prop]ty ( ! ma/]1 w\ld absolve him f all obligations ( debt1 or r w\ld always =e/all su* obligations--= ! relations ( own] & cr$itor 9 su* case1 w\ld annihilate ea* o!r1 z w\ld ^? ( prop]ty & debtor4 ,! fact t ! same s]vant 0 ! cr$itor ( "o ( 8 fell[ s]vants1 :o ow$ him a consid]able sum1 & t at la/ he 0 imprison$ until he %\ld pay all t 0 due to 8 ma/]1 are additional corroborations ( ! same po9t4 ,,iv4 ,,heir%ip4--,s]vants frequ5tly inh]it$ _! ma/]'s prop]ty2 especially if he _h no sons1 or if !y _h di%onor$ ! family4 ,eliez]1 ! s]vant ( ,abraham1 ,g54 xv4 #bc2 ,ziba1 ! s]vant ( ,mephibo%e?2 ,j>ha1 ! s]vant ( ,%e%an1 :o m>ri$ 8 daught]1 & ?us became 8 heir1 he hav+ no sons1 & ! husb&m5 :o said ( _! ma/]'s son1 ?is is ! ,,heir1 let u kill him1 & ! ,,inh]itance ,,w ,,be ,,ours1 are illu/rations2 also ,prov4 xxx4 #bc1 an h&maid 7or maid-s]vant17 t is heir to h] mi/ress2 also ,prov4 xvii4 #b--;,a wise s]vant %all h rule ov] a son t cause? %ame1 & ,,%all ,,h ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,inh]itance ,,among ,,! ,,bre?r54 ,?is passage gives s]vants prec$5ce z heirs1 ev5 ov] ! wives & daught]s ( _! ma/]s4 ,did ma/]s hold by =ce1 & plund] ( e>n+s1 a class ( p]sons1 f :i*1 9 frequ5t cont+5cies1 !y select$ bo? heirs = _! prop]ty1 & husb&s = _! daught]s8 ,v4 ,,all ,,7 ,,requir$ ,,to ,,pres5t ,,(f]+s ,,& ,,sacrifices4 ,deut4 xvi4 #af1 #ag2 #b ,*ron4 xv4 #i-aa2 ,numb4 ix4 #ac1 #ad4 ,beside ?is1 e man f tw5ty ye>s old & above1 0 requir$ to pay a tax ( half a %ekel at ! tak+ ( ! c5sus2 ?is is call$ an (f]+ unto ! ,"l to make an atonem5t = _! s\ls4 ,ex4 xxx4 #ab-af4 ,see also ,ex4 xxxiv4 #bj4 ,s]vants mu/ h _h p]man5tly ! means ( acquir+ prop]ty to meet ^! exp5ditures4 ,,vi4 ,,s]vants ,,:o ,,w5t ,,out ,,at ,,! ,,sev5? ,,ye>1 ,,7 ,,furni%$ ,,lib]ally4 ,deut4 xv4 #aj-ad4 ,?\ %alt furni% him lib]ally out ( ?y flock1 & out ( ?y floor1 & out ( ?y w9e press1 ( t :]e) ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? bless$ !e1 ?\ %alt give him4,a ,if x be said t ! s]vants f ! ,/rang]s did n receive a l b\ntiful supply1 we answ]1 nei!r did ! mo/ honorable class ( ,israeliti% s]vants1 ! free-hold]s2 & = ! same reason1 !y did n g out 9 ! sev5? ye>1 b cont9u$ until ! jubilee4 ,if ! fact t ! ,g5tile s]vants did n receive su* a gratuity proves t !y 7 robb$ ( _! e>n+s1 x proves t ! mo/ valu$ class ( ,hebrew s]vants 7 robb$ ( !irs also2 a conclusion too /ubborn = ev5 pro-slav]y ma/icators1 h[ev] unscrupul\s4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! comm5t ( ,maimonides on ?is passage is z foll[s--',?\ %alt furni% him lib]ally1' c4 ,t is to say1 ',load+1 ye %all load him1' likewise e "o ( 8 family ) z mu* z he c take ) him--abundant b5efits4 ,& if x be av>ici\sly ask$1 ',h[ mu* mu/ ,i give him8' ,i say unto y1 n less ?an ?irty %ekels1 :i* is ! valuation ( a s]vant1 z decl>$ 9 ,ex4 xxi4 #cb4--,maimonides1 ,hilco? ,ob$im1 ,*ap4 ii4 ,sec4 #c4 ,,vii4 ,,s]vants ,,7 ,,b\ght4 ,9 o!r words1 !y receiv$ comp5sation 9 advance4,a ,hav+ %[n1 "u a previ\s head1 t s]vants sold !mselves1 & ( c\rse receiv$ ! comp5sation = !mselves1 except 9 cases :]e p>5ts hir$ out ! "t ( _! *ildr5 till !y became ( age1,b a m]e ref]5ce to ! fact is all t is requir$ = ! purposes ( ?is argum5t4 ,z all ! /rang]s 9 ! l& 7 requir$ to pay an annual tribute to ! gov]nm5t1 ! ,israelites might (t5 buy !m z family s]vants1 by /ipulat+ ) !m to pay _! annual tribute4 ,?is assumption ( _! obligations to ! gov]nm5t might cov] ! :ole ( ! s]vant's "t ( s]vice1 or a "p ( x1 at ! pleasure ( ! p>ties4 ,footnote ,a3 ,b1 says ! objector1 if s]vants receiv$ _! pay 9 advance1 & if ! ,israelites 7 =bidd5 to surr5d] ! fugitive to 8 ma/]1 x w\ld op]ate practically z a b\nty (f]$ to all s]vants :o w\ld leave _! ma/]'s s]vice enc\rag+ !m to make contracts1 get _! pay 9 advance & !n run away1 ?us *eat+ _! ma/]s out ( _! money z well z _! own s]vices4--,we answ]1 ! prohibition1 ,deut xxiii4 #ae4 #af1 ,?\ %alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/]1 c41 sets ! s]vant free f 8 au?ority & ( c\rse1 f all ^? liabilities ( injury1 to :i* z 8 s]vant1 he 0 subject$1 b n f ! obligation ( legal contracts4 ,if ! s]vant _h receiv$ pay 9 advance1 & _h n r5d]$ an equival5t = ?is value receiv$1 he 0 n absolv$ f 8 obligation to d s1 b he 0 absolv$ f all obligations to pay 8 ma/] 9 t p>ticul> way1 t is1 by work+ = him z 8 s]vant4 ,footnote ,b3 ,among ! ,israelites1 girls became ( age at twelve1 & boys at ?irte5 ye>s4 ,,viii4 ,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,s]vants ,,to ,,comp5sation ,,is ,,recognis$ ,,9 ,ex4 xxi4 #bg4 ,& if he smite out 8 man-s]vant's1 or 8 maid-s]vant's too?1 he %all let him g free = 8 too?'s sake4 ,?is regulation is manife/ly bas$ ^u ! "r ( ! s]vant to ! use ( himself & all ?is p[]s1 faculties & p]sonal conv5i5ces1 & consequ5tly 8 j claim = remun]ation1 ^u him1 :o %\ld h[ev] un9t5tionally1 deprive him ( ! use ev5 ( ! lea/ ( !m4 ,if ! s]vant _h a "r to 8 too? & ! use ( x1 ^u ! same pr9ciple1 he _h a "r to ! re/ ( 8 body & ! use ( x4 ,if he _h a "r to ! fraction1 & if x 0 8 to hold1 to use1 & to h pay =2 he _h a "r to ! sum total1 & x 0 8 to hold1 to use1 & to h pay =4 ,,ix4 ,,we ,,f9d ,,ma/]s ,,at ,,"o ,,"t ,,hav+ ,a ,,l>ge ,,numb] ,,( ,,s]vants1 ,,& ,,aft]w>ds ,,none1 ,,) ,,no ,,intimation ,,9 ,,any ,,case ,,t ,,!y ,,7 ,,sold4 ,! wages ( s]vants w\ld enable !m to set up 9 bus9ess = !mselves4 ,jacob1 aft] be+ ,laban's s]vant = tw5ty-"o ye>s1 became ?us an indep5d5t h]dsman1 & _h _m s]vants4 ,g54 xxx4 #dc2 xxxii4 #af4 ,b all ^! s]vants _h left him be=e he w5t d[n into ,egypt1 hav+ d\btless acquir$ en\gh to comm5ce bus9ess = !mselves4 ,g54 xlv4 #aj1 #aa2 xlvi4 #a-g1 #cb4 ,! case ( ,ziba1 ! s]vant ( ,mephibo%e?1 :o _h tw5ty s]vants1 has be5 already m5tion$4 ,x4 ,,god',s ,,te/imony ,,to ,,! ,,"* ,,( ,,abraham4 ,g54 xviii4 #ai4 ,= ,i "k him t he w comm& 8 *ildr5 & 8 h\sehold aft] him1 & !y %all keep ,,! ,,way ,,( ,,! ,,"l ,,to ,,d ,,ju/ice ,,& ,,judgm5t4 ,god "h te/ifies t ,abraham taught 8 s]vants ! way ( ! ,"l4 ,:at 0 ! way ( ! ,"l respect+ ! paym5t ( wages :]e s]vice 0 r5d]$8 ,wo unto him t use? ?is neighbor's s]vice ,,)\t ,,wages6 ,j]4 xxii4 #ac4 ,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is ,,j ,,& ,,equal4 ,col4 iv4 #a4 ,r5d] unto all _! ,,dues4 ,rom4 xiii4 #g4 ,! labor] is ,,wor?y ( ,,8 ,,hire4 ,luke x4 #g4 ,h[ did ,abraham tea* 8 s]vants to d ju/ice to o!rs8 ,by do+ inju/ice to !m8 ,did he exhort !m to r5d] to all _! dues by keep+ back _! own8 ,did he tea* !m t ! labor] 0 wor?y ( 8 hire by robb+ !m ( !irs8 ,did he beget 9 !m a rev]5ce = hone/y by pilf]+ all _! "t & labor8 ,did he tea* !m n to defraud o!rs 9 any matt] by d5y+ !m :at 0 j & equal8 ,if ea* ( ,abraham's pupils "u su* a cate*ism did n become a v ,ari/ides 9 ju/ice1 !n illu/ri\s examples1 patri>*al dignity1 & practical lessons1 c make b sl[ headway aga9/ human p]v]s5ess6 ,,xi4 ,,specific ,,precepts ,,( ,,! ,,mosaic ,,law ,,en=c+ ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples4 ,out ( _m1 we select ! foll[+3 7#a47 ,?\ %alt n muzzle ! ox :5 he treade? out ! corn4 ,deut4 xxv4 #d4 ,"h is a g5]al pr9ciple appli$ to a famili> case4 ,! ox repres5t+ all dome/ic animals4 ,isa4 xxx4 #bd4 ,a p>ticul> k9d ( s]vice1 all k9ds2 & a law requir+ an abundant provision = ! wants ( an animal m9i/]+ to man 9 a c]ta9 way1--a g5]al pr9ciple ( treatm5t cov]+ all times1 modes1 & in/rum5talities ( s]vice4 ,! object ( ! law 02 n m]ely to enjo9 t5d]ness t[>ds brutes1 b to inculcate ! duty ( rew>d+ ^? :o s]ve u2 & if su* c>e be enjo9$1 by ,god1 bo? = ! ample su/5ance & pres5t enjoym5t ( a brute1 :at w\ld be a meet return = ! s]vices ( man8--,,man ) 8 v>i$ wants1 exalt$ nature & immortal de/9y6 ,paul says expressly1 t ?is pr9ciple lies at ! bottom ( ! /atute4 #a ,cor4 ix4 #i1 #aj1 ,= x is writt5 9 ! law ( ,moses1 ,?\ %alt n muzzle ! m\? ( ! ox t treade? out ! corn4 ,do? ,god take c>e = ox58 ,or sai? he x altoge!r = ,,our sakes8 t he t pl[e? %\ld pl[ 9 ,,hope1 & t he t ?re%e? 9 hope %\ld be ,,p>tak] ,,( ,,8 ,,hope4 ,9 ! context1 ,paul innum]ates ! f\r gr& divisions ( labor among ! ,jews 9 illu/ration ( ! pr9ciple t ! labor]1 :atev] may be ! s]vice he p]=ms1 is entitl$ to a rew>d4 ,! prie/s1 ,levites & all engag$ 9 sacr$ ?+s--! milit>y1 ^? :o t5d$ flocks & h]ds1 & ^? :o cultivat$ ! soil4 ,z ! latt] employm5t engag$ ! great body ( ! ,israelites1 ! ,apo/le amplifies 8 illu/ration "u t head by mu* detail--& enum]ates ! five great dep>tm5ts ( agricultural labor among ! ,jews--v9e-dress+1 pl[+1 s[+1 reap+ & ?re%+1 z ! repres5tatives ( univ]sal labor4 ,9 8 epi/le to ,timo?y4 #a ,tim4 v4 #ah4 ,paul quotes aga9 ?is precept ( ! ,mosaic law1 & connects ) x ! decl>ation ( our ,"l4 ,luke x4 #g4 ,! labor] is wor?y ( 8 hire1--z bo? inculcat+ ! same doctr9e1 t he :o labors1 :atev] ! employm5t1 or :oev] ! labor]1 is entitl$ to a rew>d4 ,! ,apo/le ?us decl>es ! pr9ciple ( "r respect+ ! p]=mance ( s]vice = o!rs1 & ! rule ( duty t[>ds ^? :o p]=m x1 to be ! same "u bo? disp5sations4 7#b47 ,if ?y bro!r be wax5 poor1 & fall5 9 decay ) !e1 !n ?\ %alt relieve him1 ,,yea ,,?\gh ,,he ,,be ,a ,,/rang] or a ,,soj\rn] t he may live ) !e4 ,take ?\ no usury ( him1 or increase1 b fe> ?y ,god4 ,?\ %alt n give him ?y money ^u usury1 nor l5d him ?y victuals = increase4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ce-cg4 ,n[1 we ask1 by :at process ( pro-slav]y leg]dema91 ?is regulation c be made to h>monize ) ! doctr9e ( ,,"w ,,)\t ,,pay8 ,did ,god decl>e ! poor /rang] entitl$ to ,,relief1 & 9 ! same brea?1 au?orize !m to use 8 s]vice )\t wages2 =ce him to "w & ,,rob ,,him ,,( ,,8 ,,e>n+s8 ,,iv4--,,7 ,,ma/]s ,,! ,,proprietors ,,( ,,s]vants ,,z ,,legal ,,prop]ty8 ,?is topic has be5 unavoidably some:at anticipat$1 9 ! =ego+ discussion1 b a v>iety ( additional consid]ations rema9 to be notic$4 ,i4 ,,s]vants ,,7 ,,n ,,subject$ ,,to ,,! ,,uses ,,nor ,,liable ,,to ,,! ,,cont+5cies ,,( ,,prop]ty4 #a ,!y 7 nev] tak5 9 paym5t = _! ma/]s' debts4 ,*ildr5 7 sometimes tak5 7)\t legal au?ority7 = ! debts ( a fa!r4 #b ,k+s iv4 #a2 ,job xxiv4 #i2 ,isa4 l4 #a2 ,matt4 xviii4 #be4 ,cr$itors took f debtors prop]ty ( all k9ds1 to satisfy _! dem&s4 ,job xxiv4 #c1 cattle are tak52 ,prov4 xxii4 #bg1 h\sehold furniture2 ,lev4 xxv4 #be-bh1 ! productions ( ! soil2 ,lev4 xxv4 #bg-cj1 h\ses2 ,ex4 xxii4 #bf1 #bg2 ,deut4 xxiv4 #aj-ac2 ,matt4 v4 #dj1 clo?+2 b s]vants 7 tak5 9 no in/ance4 #b4 ,s]vants 7 nev] giv5 z pl$ges4 ,prop]ty ( all sorts 0 pl$g$ = value receiv$2 h\sehold furniture1 clo?+1 cattle1 money1 signets1 p]sonal ornam5ts1 c41 b no s]vants4 #c4 ,s]vants 7 n put into ! h&s ( o!rs1 or consign$ to _! keep+4 ,! precept giv+ directions h[ to proce$ 9 a case :]e prop]ty t has life is deliv]$ to ano!r to keep1 & x die or be hurt or driv5 away1 enum]ates ox51 asses1 %eep or any bea/1 b n s]vants4 ,ex4 xxii4 #aj4 #d4 ,all lo/ prop]ty 0 to be re/or$4 ,ox51 asses1 %eep1 raim5t1 & all lo/ ?+s1 are specifi$--s]vants n4 ,deut4 xxii #a-c4 ,besides1 ! ,israelites 7 =bidd5 to return ! runaway s]vant4 ,deut4 xxiii1 #ae4 #e4 ,s]vants 7 n sold4 ,:5 by flagrant misconduct1 unfai?fulness or f :atev] cause1 !y _h ju/ly =feit$ _! privilege ( memb]%ip 9 an ,israeliti% family1 !y 7 n sold1 b expell$ f ! h\sehold4 ,luke xvi4 #b-d2 #b ,k+s v4 #bj1 #bg2 ,g54 xxi4 #ad4 #f ,! ,israelites nev] receiv$ s]vants z tribute4 ,at diff]5t times all ! nations r\nd ab\t !m 7 _! tribut>ies & paid !m annually l>ge am\nts4 ,!y receiv$ prop]ty ( all k9ds 9 paym5t ( tribute4 ,gold1 silv]1 brass1 iron1 preci\s /one1 & vessels1 armor1 spices1 raim5t1 h>ness1 horses1 mules1 %eep1 goats1 c41 are 9 v>i\s places enum]at$1 b s]vants1 nev]4 #g4 ,! ,israelites nev] gave away _! s]vants z pres5ts4 ,!y made co/ly pres5ts1 ( great v>iety4 ,l&s1 h\ses1 all k9ds ( dome/ic animals1 b$s1 m]*&ize1 family ut5sils1 preci\s metals1 gra91 honey1 butt]1 *eese1 fruits1 oil1 w9e1 raim5t1 armor1 c41 are among _! record$ gifts4 ,giv+ pres5ts to sup]iors & p]sons ( rank1 0 a /&+ usage4 #a ,sam4 x4 #bg2 xvi4 #bj2 #b ,*ron4 xvii4 #e4 ,abraham to ,abimele*1 ,g54 xxi4 #bg2 ,jacob to ! vic]oy ( ,egypt1 ,g54 xliii4 #aa2 ,joseph to 8 bre?r5 & fa!r1 ,g54 xlv4 #bb1 #bc2 ,b5hadad to ,eli%a1 #b ,k+s viii4 #h1 #i2 ,ahaz to ,tigla? ,pilez]1 #b ,k+s vi4 #h2 ,solomon to ! ,que5 ( ,%eba1 #a ,k+s x4 #ac2 ,j]oboam to ,ahijah1 #a ,k+s xiv4 #c2 ,asa to ,b5hadad1 #a ,k+s xv4 #ah1 #ai4 ,abigail ! wife ( ,nabal to ,david1 #a ,sam4 xxv4 #ah4 ,david to ! eld]s ( ,judah1 #a ,sam4 xxx4 #bf4 ,jeho%aphat to 8 sons1 #b4 ,*ron4 xxi4 #c4 ,! ,israelites to ,david1 #a4 ,*ron4 xii4 #ci1 #dj4 ,%obi ,ma*ir & ,b>zillai to ,david1 #b ,sam4 xvii4 #bh1 #bi4 ,b no s]vants 7 giv5 z pres5ts1 ?\gh x 0 a prevail+ fa%ion 9 ! surr\nd+ nations4 ,g54 xii4 #af1 xx4 #ad4 ,9 ! la/ passage we are told t ,abimele* k+ ( ! ,phili/9es took %eep & ox5 & m5 s]vants & wom5 s]vants & gave !m unto ,abraham4 ,n long aft] ?is ,abraham made ,abimele* a pres5t1 ! same k9d ) t :i* he _h receiv$ f him except t he gave him no s]vants4 ,& ,abraham took %eep & ox5 & gave !m unto ,abimele*4 ,g54 xxi4 #bg4 ,x may be object$ t ,laban ,,gave h&maids to 8 daught]s1 ,jacob's wives4 ,)\t enl>g+ on ! nature ( ! polygamy !n preval5t1 suffice x to say t ! h&maids ( wives 7 reg>d$ z wives1 ?\gh ( inf]ior dignity & au?ority4 ,t ,jacob s reg>d$ 8 h&maids1 is prov$ by 8 curse ^u ,reub51 ,g54 xlix4 #d1 & #a ,*ron4 v4 #a2 also by ! equality ( _! *ildr5 ) ^? ( ,ra*el & ,leah4 ,b _h x be5 o!rwise--_h ,laban giv5 !m z articles ( prop]ty1 !n1 inde$1 ! example ( ?is good old slavehold] & patri>*1 ,sa9t ,laban1 w\ld h be5 a =eclos] to all argum5t4 ,ah6 we rememb] 8 jeal\sy = religion--8 holy indignation :5 he f\nd t 8 ,,gods 7 /ol56 ,h[ he mu/]$ 8 clan1 & plung$ ov] ! des]t 9 hot pursuit sev5 days by =c$ m>*es2 h[ he ransack$ a :ole c>avan1 sift+ ! cont5ts ( e t5t1 little he$+ su* small matt]s z dome/ic privacy1 or female seclusion1 = lo6 ! zeal ( 8 ,,images _h eat5 him up6 ,no wond] t slav]y1 9 its ,bible-navigation1 drift+ dismantl$ be=e ! free gu/s1 %\ld scud "u ! lee ( su* a pi\s wor?y to haul up & refit2 invok+ 8 protection1 & ! b5$iction1 ( 8 ,,gods6 ,aga91 x may be object$ t1 s]vants 7 enum]at$ 9 inv5tories ( prop]ty4 ,if t proves s]vants prop]ty1 x proves wives prop]ty4 ,?\ %all n covet ?y neighbor's h\se1 ?\ %all n covet ?y neighbor's ,,wife1 nor 8 man-s]vant1 nor 8 maid-s]vant1 nor 8 ox1 nor 8 ass1 nor any ?+ t is ?y neighbor's4 ,ex4 xx4 #ag4 ,9 inv5tories ( m]e prop]ty1 if s]vants are includ$1 x is 9 su* a way z to %[ t !y are n reg>d$ z prop]ty4 ,eccl4 ii4 #g1 #h4 ,b :5 ! design is to %[1 n m]ely ! weal?1 b ! greatness & p[] ( any "o1 s]vants are spok5 (1 z well z prop]ty4 ,9 a ^w1 if ri*es alone are spok5 (1 no m5tion is made ( s]vants2 if greatness1 s]vants & prop]ty4 ,g54 xiii4 #b1 #e4 ,& ,abraham 0 v ri* 9 cattle1 9 silv]1 & 9 gold4 ,yet we are told1 9 ! v]se prec$+1 t he came up out ( ,egypt ) all t he _h4 ,& ,lot also _h flocks1 & h]ds1 & t5ts4 ,9 ! sev5? v]se s]vants are m5tion$1 ,& !re 0 a /rife betwe5 ! ,,h]dm5 ( ,abraham's cattle & ! ,,h]dm5 ( ,lot's cattle4 ,x is said ( ,isaac4 ,& ! man wax$ great1 & w5t =w>d1 & grew until he became v great4 ,= he _h possession ( flocks1 & possession ( h]ds1 & great /ore ( s]vants4 ,9 imm$iate connection ) ?is we f9d ,abimele* ! k+ ( ! ,phili/9es say+ to him4 ,?\ art mu* mighti] ?an we4 ,%ortly aft] ?is av[al1 ,isaac is wait$ ^u by a deputation consi/+ ( ,abimele*1 ,phicol ! *ief capta9 ( 8 army1 & ,ahuzza?1 :o says to him ,let !re be n[ an oa? betwixt u & !e1 & let u make a cov5ant ) !e1 t ?\ wilt d u no hurt4 ,g54 xxvi4 #ac1 #ad1 #af1 #bf1 #bh1 #bi4--;,a pla9 concession ( ! p[] :i* ,isaac _h bo? = aggression & def5ce 9 8 great /ore ( s]vants2 t is1 ( will+ & affectionate adh]5ts to him z a j & b5evol5t pr9ce4 ,:5 ,hamor & ,%e*em speak to ! ,hivites ( ! ri*es ( ,abraham & 8 sons1 !y say1 ,%all n _! cattle & _! sub/ance & e bea/ ( !irs be ours8 ,g54 xxxiv4 #bc4 ,see also ,jo%4 xxii4 #h2 ,g54 xxxiv4 #bc2 ,job4 xlii4 #ab2 #b ,*ron4 xxi4 #c2 xxxii4 #bg-bi2 ,job4 i4 #c-e2 ,deut4 viii4 #ab-ag2 ,g54 xxiv4 #ce2 xxvi4 #ac2 xxx4 #dc4 ,jacob's wives say to him1 ,all ! ri*es :i* ,god has tak5 f our fa!r t is ours & our *ildr5's4 ,!n foll[s an inv5tory ( prop]ty--,all 8 cattle1 all 8 goods1 ! cattle ( 8 gett+4 ,8 num]\s s]vants are n includ$ ) 8 prop]ty4 ,comp4 ,g54 xxx4 #dc1 ) ,g54 xxxi4 #af-ah4 ,:5 ,jacob s5t mess5g]s to ,esau1 wi%+ to impress him ) an idea ( 8 /ate & sway1 he bade !m tell him n only ( 8 ,,ri*es1 b ( 8 ,,greatness2 t he _h ox51 & asses1 & flocks1 & m5-s]vants1 & maid-s]vants4 ,g54 xxxii4 #d1 #e4 ,yet 9 ! pres5t :i* he s5t1 !re 7 no s]vants2 ?\gh he manife/ly select$ ! mo/ valuable k9ds ( prop]ty4 ,g54 xxxii4 #ad1 #ae2 see also ,g54 xxxvi4 #f1 #g2 xxxiv4 #bc4 ,z flocks & h]ds 7 ! /aples ( weal?1 a l>ge numb] ( s]vants presuppos$ l>ge possessions ( cattle1 :i* w\ld require _m h]dsm54 ,:5 ,jacob & 8 sons w5t d[n into ,egypt x is repeat$ly ass]t$ t !y took all t !y _h4 ,_! cattle & _! goods :i* !y _h gott5 9 ! l& ( ,canaan1 ,_! flocks & _! h]ds are m5tion$1 b no s]vants4 ,& z we h besides a full catalogue ( ! h\sehold1 we "k t he took ) him no s]vants4 ,t ,jacob _h _m s]vants be=e 8 migration into ,egypt1 we le>n f ,g51 xxx4 #dc2 xxxii4 #e1 #af1 #ai4 ,t he 0 n ! proprietor ( ^! s]vants z 8 prop]ty is a probable inf]5ce f ! fact t he did n take !m ) him1 s9ce we are expressly told t he did take all 8 prop]ty4 ,g54 xlv4 #aj2 xlvi4 #a1 #cb2 xlvii4 #a4 ,:5 s]vants are spok5 ( 9 connection ) m]e prop]ty1 ! t]ms us$ to express ! latt] d n include ! =m]4 ,! ,hebrew ^w mikne1 is an illu/ration4 ,x is d]iv$ f kana1 to procure1 to buy1 & its mean+ is1 a possession1 weal?1 ri*es4 ,x occurs m ?an =ty times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & is appli$ always to m]e prop]ty1 g5]ally to dome/ic animals1 b nev] to s]vants4 ,9 "s in/ances1 s]vants are m5tion$ 9 di/9ction f ! mikne4 ,& ,abraham took ,s>ah 8 wife1 & ,lot 8 bro!r's son1 & all _! ,,sub/ance t !y _h ga!r$2 & ! s\ls t !y _h gott5 9 ,h>an1 & !y w5t =? to g into ! l& ( ,canaan4 ,g54 xii4 #e4 ,_m w h x1 t ^! s\ls 7 a "p ( ,abraham's sub/ance 7not)/&+ ! pa9s "h tak5 to sep>ate !m f x7--t !y 7 slaves tak5 ) him 9 8 migration z a "p ( 8 family effects4 ,:o b slavehold]s1 ei!r actually or 9 he>t1 w\ld torture into ! pr9ciple & practice ( slav]y1 su* a h>mless phrase z ! s\ls t !y _h gott58 ,until ! ,african slave trade brea!d its haze into ! eyes ( ! *ur* & smote h] ) palsy & decay1 comm5tators saw no slav]y 91 ,! s\ls t !y _h gott54 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,onkelos,a x is r5d]$1 ,! s\ls :om !y _h br\ght to obey ! law 9 ,h>an4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an1 ,! s\ls :om !y _h made proselytes 9 ,h>an4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,j]usalem1 ,! s\ls proselyt$ 9 ,h>an4 ,j>*i1 ! pr9ce ( ,jewi% comm5tators1 ,! s\ls :om !y _h br\ght "u ! ,div9e w+s4 ,j]ome1 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs1 ,! p]sons :om !y _h proselyt$4 ,! ,p]sian v]sion1 ! ,vulgate1 ! ,syriac1 ! ,arabic1 & ! ,sam>itan all r5d] x1 ,all ! weal? :i* !y _h ga!r$1 & ! s\ls :i* !y _h made 9 ,h>an4 ,m5o*ius1 a comm5tator :o wrote be=e our pres5t translation ( ! ,bible1 r5d]s x1 ,quas de idolatr>ia conv]t]ant4 ,^? :om !y _h conv]t$ f idolatry4 ,paulus ,fagius1,b ,quas in/itu]ant 9 religione4 ,^? :om !y _h e/abli%$ 9 religion4 ,luke ,francke1 a ,g]man comm5tator :o liv$ two c5turies ago1 ,quas legi subjic]ant4--,^? :om !y _h br\ght to obey ! law4 ,! same di/9ction is made betwe5 p]sons & prop]ty1 9 ! enum]ation ( ,esau's h\sehold & ! inv5tory ( 8 effects4 ,& ,esau took 8 wives & 8 sons & 8 daught]s1 & all ! p]sons ( 8 h\se1 & 8 cattle1 & all 8 bea/s1 & all 8 sub/ance :i* he _h got 9 ! l& ( ,canaan1 & w5t into ! c\ntry f ! face ( 8 bro!r ,jacob4 ,= _! ri*es 7 m ?an t !y might dwell toge!r2 & ! l& c\ld n be> !m because ( _! cattle4 ,g54 xxxvi4 #f1 #g4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,t>gums are ,*aldee p>aphrases ( p>ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,onkelos is1 = ! mo/ "p1 a v accurate & fai?ful translation ( ! orig9al1 & 0 probably made at ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an ,b5 ,uzziel1 be>s ab\t ! same date4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,j]usalem 0 probably ab\t five hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,! ,israelites1 dur+ _! captivity 9 ,babylon1 lo/1 z a body1 _! own language4 ,^! translations into ! ,*aldee1 ! language :i* !y acquir$ 9 ,babylon1 7 ?us call$ = by ! necessity ( ! case4 ,footnote ,b3 ,?is em95t ,hebrew s*ol> 0 invit$ to ,engl& to sup]9t5d ! translation ( ! ,bible into ,engli%1 "u ! patronage ( ,h5ry ! ,eigh?4 ,he _h h>dly comm5c$ ! "w :5 he di$4 ,?is 0 ne>ly a c5tury be=e ! date ( our pres5t translation4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,condition ,,& ,,social ,,e/imation ,,( ,,s]vants ,,make ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,t ,,!y ,,7 ,,commodities1 ,,an ,,absurdity4 ,z ! head ( a ,jewi% family possess$ ! same p[] ov] 8 wife1 *ildr51 & gr&*ildr5 7if !y 7 9 8 family7 z ov] 8 s]vants1 if ! latt] 7 articles ( prop]ty1 ! =m] 7 equally su*4 ,if !re 7 no?+ else 9 ! ,mosaic ,in/itutes or hi/ory e/abli%+ ! social equality ( ! s]vants ) _! ma/]s & _! ma/]'s wives & *ildr51 ^? precepts :i* requir$ t !y %\ld be gue/s at all ! public fea/s1 & equal p>ticipants 9 ! family & social rejoic+s1 w\ld be q suffici5t to settle ! "q4 ,deut4 xii4 #ab1 #ah2 xvi4 #aj1 #aa1 #ac1 #ad4 ,ex4 xii4 #dc1 #dd4 ,/4 ,paul's te/imony 9 ,gal4 iv4 #a1 %[s ! condition ( s]vants3 ,n[ ,i say unto y1 t ! heir1 s long z he is a *ild1 ,,diff]e? ,,no?+ ,,f ,a ,,s]vant1 ?\gh he be "l ( all4 ,t ! int]e/s ( ,abraham's s]vants 7 id5tifi$ ) ^? ( _! ma/]'s family1 & t ! utmo/ confid5ce 0 repos$ 9 !m1 is %[n 9 _! be+ arm$4 ,g54 xiv4 #ad1 #ae4 ,:5 ,abraham's s]vant w5t to ,padan>am1 ! "y ,pr9cess ,rebecca did n disda9 to say to him4 ,dr9k1 ,,my ,,"l1 z %e ha/$ & let d[n h] pit*] ^u h] h&1 & gave him dr9k4 ,laban1 ! bro!r ( ,rebecca1 ungird$ 8 camels1 & br\ght him wat] to wa% 8 feet1 & ! m5's feet t 7 ) him6 ,9 ! arrangem5ts ( ,jacob's h\sehold on 8 j\rney f ,padan>am to ,canaan1 we f9d 8 two maid s]vants treat$ 9 ! same mann] & provid$ ) ! same accommodations z ,ra*el & ,leah4 ,ea* ( !m _h a sep>ate t5t appropriat$ to h] use4 ,g54 xxxi4 #cc4 ,! social equality ( s]vants ) _! ma/]s & o!r memb]s ( _! ma/]'s families1 is an obvi\s d$uction f ,ex4 xxi4 #g1 #aj1 f :i* we le>n t ! sale ( a "y ,jewi% female z a s]vant1 0 also betro!d z a wife1 ei!r to h] ma/]1 or to "o ( 8 sons4 ,9 #a ,sam4 ix4 is an acc\nt ( a fe/ival 9 ! city ( ,zuph1 at :i* ,samuel presid$4 ,none b ^? bidd51 sat d[n at ! fea/1 & only ab\t ?irty p]sons 7 invit$4 ,q a select p>ty6--! elite ( ! city4 ,saul & 8 s]vant _h j arriv$ at ,zuph1 & bo? ( !m1 at ,samuel's solicitation1 accompany him z invit$ gue/s4 ,& ,samuel took ,saul & 8 ,,s]vant1 & br\ght ,,!m into ! ,,p>lor 767 & made ,,!m sit 9 ! ,,*iefe/ ,,seats among ^? t 7 bidd54 ,a s]vant invit$ by ! *ief judge1 rul]1 & prophet 9 ,israel1 to d9e publicly ) a select p>ty1 9 company ) 8 ma/]1 :o 0 at ! same "t ano9t$ ,k+ ( ,israel6 & ?is s]vant introduc$ by ,samuel into ! ,,p>lor1 & assign$1 ) 8 ma/]1 to ! *iefe/ seat at ! table6 ,?is 0 "o ( ! s]vants ( ,ki%1 ,saul's fa!r2 n ! /ew>d or ! *ief ( !m--n at all a pick$ man1 b "o ( ! s]vants2 any "o t c\ld be mo/ easily sp>$1 z no end[m5ts specially r>e w\ld be likely to f9d scope 9 look+ aft] asses4 ,david seems to h be5 = a "t 9 all respects a s]vant 9 ,saul's family4 ,he /ood be=e him4 ,& ,saul s5t to ,jesse1 say+1 let ,david1 ,i pray !e1 /& be=e me4 ,he 0 ,saul's p]sonal s]vant1 w5t on 8 err&s1 play$ on ! h>p = 8 amusem5t1 bore 8 armor = him1 & :5 he wi%$ to visit 8 p>5ts1 ask$ p]mission ( ,jona?an1 ,saul's son4 ,saul also calls him my s]vant4 #a ,sam4 xvi4 #ba-bc2 xviii4 #e2 xx4 #e1 #f2 xxii4 #h4 ,yet ,david sat ) ! k+ at meat1 m>ri$ 8 daught]1 & liv$ on t]ms ( ! close/ intimacy ) ! heir app>5t ( ! ?rone4 ,abimele*1 :o 0 fir/ elect$ k+ ( ,%e*em1 & aft]w>ds reign$ ov] all ,israel1 0 ! son ( a ,,maid-,,s]vant4 ,8 "m's family seems to h be5 ( mu* note 9 ! city ( ,%e*em1 :]e h] bro!rs manife/ly held great sway4 ,judg4 ix4 #a-f1 #ah4 ,j>ha1 an ,egyptian1 ! s]vant ( ,%e%an1 m>ri$ 8 daught]4 ,tobiah1 ! s]vant & an ,ammonite m>ri$ ! daught] ( ,%ecaniah "o ( ! *ief m5 among ! ,jews 9 ,j]usalem & 0 ! intimate associate ( ,sanballat ! gov]nor ( ! ,sam>itans4 ,we f9d ,elah1 ! ,k+ ( ,israel1 at a fe/ive ent]ta9m5t1 9 ! h\se ( ,arza1 8 /ew>d1 or head s]vant1 ) :om he seems to h be5 on t]ms ( famili>ity4 #a ,k+s xvi4 #h1 #i4 ,see also ! int]c\rse betwe5 ,gideon & 8 s]vants4 ,judg4 vi4 #bg1 & vii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,! ,levite ( ,m\nt ,ephraim & 8 s]vant4 ,judg4 xx4 #c1 #i1 #aa1 #ac1 #ai1 #ba1 #bb4 ,k+ ,saul & 8 s]vant ,doeg1 "o ( 8 h]dm54 #a ,sam4 xx4 #a1 #g2 xxii4 #i1 #ah1 #bb4 ,k+ ,david & ,ziba1 ! s]vant ( ,mephibo%e?4 #b ,sam4 xvi4 #a-d4 ,jona?an & 8 s]vant4 #a ,sam4 xiv4 #a-ad4 ,eli%a & 8 s]vant1 ,gehazi4 #b ,k+s iv4 v4 vi4 ,also betwe5 ,joram k+ ( ,israel & ! s]vant ( ,eli%a4 #b ,k+s viii4 #d1 #e1 & betwe5 ,naaman ! ,capta9 ( ! ho/ ( ! k+ ( ,syria & ! same p]son4 #b ,k+s v4 #ba-bc4 ,! fact /at$ "u a previ\s head t s]vants 7 always invit$ gue/s at public & social fe/ivals1 is 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! =ego+ exemplifications ( ! preval5t e/imation 9 :i* s]vants 7 held by ! ,israelites4 ,probably no "o ( ! ,old ,te/am5t patri>*s _h m s]vants ?an ,job2 ,?is man 0 ! greate/ man ( all ! m5 ( ! ea/4 ,job1 i4 #c4 ,we are n left 9 ! d>k z to ! condition ( 8 s]vants4 ,aft] ass]t+ 8 integrity1 8 /rict ju/ice1 hone/y1 & equity1 9 8 deal+s ) 8 fell[ m51 & decl>+ ,i deliv]$ ! poor1 ,i 0 eyes to ! bl9d & feet 0 ,i to ! lame1 ,i 0 a fa!r to ! poor1 & ! cause :i* ,i knew n ,i se>*$ out1 99 99 99 he says ,if ,i did despise ! cause ( my man-s]vant or my maid-s]vant :5 !y ,,cont5d$ ) me 99 99 99 !n let m9e arm fall f ! %\ld] blade1 & m9e arm be brok5 f ! bone4 ,job4 xxix4 #ab1 #ae1 #af2 xxxi4 #ac1 #bb4 ,! language employ$ 9 ?is passage is ! phraseology appli$ 9 judicial proce$+s to ^? :o implead "o ano!r1 & :e!r x be und]/ood lit]ally or figuratively1 %[s t :atev] diff]5ce exi/$ betwe5 ,job & 8 s]vants 9 o!r respects1 s f> z rights are conc]n$1 !y 7 on equal gr\nd ) him1 & t 9 ! matt] ( daily int]c\rse1 !re 0 n ! lea/ re/ra9t on _! free spee* 9 call+ 9 "q all 8 transactions ) !m1 & t ! relations & claims ( bo? p>ties 7 adjudicat$ on ! pr9ciples ( equity & reciprocal "r4 ,if ,i despis$ ! cause ( my man-s]vant1 c4 ,9 o!r words1 if ,i treat$ x lightly1 z ?\gh s]vants 7 n m51 _h n rights1 & _h n a claim = j dues & j e/imation z human be+s4 ,:5 !y cont5d$ ) me1 t is1 :5 !y plead _! rights1 claim$ :at 0 due to !m1 or que/ion$ ! ju/ice ( any ( my deal+s ) !m4 ,9 ! context ,job virtually affirms z ! gr\nd ( 8 j & equitable treatm5t ( 8 s]vants1 t !y _h ! same rights z he _h1 & 71 z human be+s1 entitl$ to equal consid]ation ) himself4 ,by :at language c\ld he m =cibly utt] 8 conviction ( ! on5ess ( _! common orig9 & ( ! id5tity ( _! common nature1 necessities1 attribute & rights8 ,z soon z he has said1 ,if ,i did despise ! cause ( my man-s]vant1 c41 he foll[s x up ) ,:at !n %all ,i d :5 ,god raise? up8 & :5 he visite?1 :at %all ,i answ] him8 ,did n he t made me 9 ! womb1 make him8 & did n "o fa%ion u 9 ! womb4 ,9 ! next v]se ,job glories 9 ! fact t he has n )held f ! poor _! desire4 ,is x ! desire ( ! poor to be compell$ by ! ri* to "w = !m1 & )\t pay8 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,! ,,gibeonites4 ,! condition ( ! inhabitants ( ,gibeon1 ,*ephirah1 ,be]o?1 & ,kirja?je>im1 "u ! ,hebrew commonweal?1 is quot$ 9 triumph by ! advocates ( slav]y2 & truly !y are "r welcome to all ! crumbs t c be glean$ f x4 ,milton's devils made desp]ate snat*es at fruit t turn$ to a%es on _! lips4 ,! _s ( slav]y raves "u torm5t+ gnaw+s1 & ca/s ab\t 9 bl9d phr5zy = some?+ to ease1 or ev5 to mock !m4 ,b = ?is1 x w\ld nev] h clut*$ at ! ,gibeonites1 = ev5 ! incantations ( ! demon cauldron c\ld n extract f _! case en\gh to tantalize />vation's self4 ,b to ! "q4 ,:at 0 ! condition ( ! ,gibeonites "u ! ,israelites8 #a4 ,x 0 volunt>y4 ,_! own proposition to ,jo%ua 0 to become s]vants4 ,jo%4 ix4 #h1 #aa4 ,x 0 accept$1 b ! k9d ( s]vice :i* !y %\ld p]=m1 0 n specifi$ until _! gross imposition came to light2 !y 7 !n assign$ to m5ial (fices 9 ! ,tab]nacle4 #b4 ,!y 7 n dome/ic s]vants 9 ! families ( ! ,israelites4 ,!y /ill resid$ 9 _! own cities1 cultivat$ _! own fields1 t5d$ _! flocks & h]ds1 & ex]cis$ ! functions ( a di/9ct1 ?\gh n indep5d5t community4 ,!y 7 subject to ! ,jewi% nation z tribut>ies4 ,s f> f be+ di/ribut$ among ! ,israelites & _! int]nal organization z a di/9ct p aboli%$1 !y rema9$ a sep>ate1 &1 9 "s respects1 an indep5d5t community = _m c5turies4 ,:5 attack$ by ! ,amorites1 !y appli$ to ! ,israelites z conf$]ates = aid--x 0 r5d]$1 _! enemies r\t$1 & !mselves left unmole/$ 9 _! cities4 ,jo%4 x4 #f-ah4 ,long aft]w>ds1 ,saul slew "s ( !m1 & ,god s5t ^u ,israel a ?ree ye>s' fam9e = x4 ,david inquir$ ( ! ,gibeonites1 ,:at %all ,i d = y1 & :]e) %all ,i make ! atonem5t8 ,at _! dem&1 he deliv]$ up to !m sev5 ( ,saul's desc5dants4 #b ,sam4 xxi4 #a-i4 ,! :ole transaction 0 a =mal recognition ( ! ,gibeonites z a di/9ct p4 ,!re is no intimation t !y s]v$ ei!r families or individuals ( ! ,israelites1 b only ! h\se ( ,god1 or ! ,tab]nacle4 ,?is 0 e/abli%$ fir/ at ,gilgal1 a days' j\rney f _! cities2 & !n at ,%iloh1 ne>ly two days' j\rney f !m2 :]e x cont9u$ ab\t #cej ye>s4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! ,gibeonites inhabit$ _! anci5t cities & t]ritory4 ,only a few1 comp>atively1 c\ld h be5 abs5t at any "o "t 9 att5dance on ! ,tab]nacle4 ,:]ev] allusion is made to !m 9 ! hi/ory1 ! ma9 body are spok5 ( z at home4 ,x is prepo/]\s to suppose t all ! inhabitants ( ^! f\r cities c\ld f9d employm5t at ! ,tab]nacle4 ,"o ( !m 0 a great city1 z "o ( ! royal cities2 s l>ge1 t a conf$]acy ( five k+s1 app>5tly ! mo/ p[]ful 9 ! l&1 0 deem$ necess>y = its de/ruction4 ,x is probable t ! m5 7 divid$ into classes1 m9i/]+ 9 rotation--ea* class a few days or weeks at a "t4 ,z ! prie/s ^: assi/ants !y 71 s]v$ by c\rses 9 rotation a week at a "t2 x is n improbable t _! p]iods ( s]vice 7 s arrang$ z to correspond4 ,?is s]vice 0 _! national tribute to ! ,israelites1 = ! privilege ( resid5ce & protection "u _! gov]nm5t4 ,no s]vice seems to h be5 requir$ ( ! females4 ,z ^! ,gibeonites 7 ,canaanites1 & z !y _h greatly exasp]at$ ! ,israelites by impud5t imposition & ly+1 we might assur$ly expect t !y w\ld r$uce !m to ! condition ( *attels1 if !re 0 any case 9 :i* ,god p]mitt$ !m to d s4 ,,iv4 ,,egyptian ,,bondage ,,analyz$4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,mosaic sy/em1 ,god w>ns ! ,israelites aga9/ hold+ _! s]vants 9 su* a condition z !y 7 held 9 by ! ,egyptians4 ,h[ (t5 are !y po9t$ back to ! gr9d+s ( _! prison-h\se6 ,:at motives to ! ex]cise ( ju/ice & k9dness t[>ds _! s]vants1 are held out to _! fe>s 9 ?reat5$ judgm5ts2 to _! hopes 9 promis$ good2 & to all )9 !m t c\ld feel1 by ^? (t repeat$ words ( t5d]ness & t]ror6 ,= ye 7 bondm5 9 ! l& ( ,egypt--wak+ anew ! memory ( te>s & angui%1 & ( ! wra? t av5g$ !m4 ,b :at 0 ! bondage ( ! ,israelites 9 ,egypt8 ,( :at rights 7 !y plund]$ & :at did !y reta98 #a4 ,!y 7 n disp]s$ among ! families ( ,egypt1,a b =m$ a sep>ate community4 ,g54 xlvi4 #cd4 ,ex4 viii4 #bb1 #bd2 ix4 #bf2 x4 #bc2 xi4 #g2 iv4 #bi2 ii4 #i2 xvi4 #bb2 xvii4 #e2 vi4 #ad4 #b4 ,!y _h ! exclusive possession ( ! l& ( ,go%51,b ! be/ "p ( ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,g54 xlv4 #ah2 xlvii4 #f1 #aa1 #bg2 ,ex4 viii4 #bb2 ix4 #bf2 xii4 #d4 ,go%5 mu/ h be5 at a consid]able di/ance f ^? p>ts ( ,egypt inhabit$ by ! ,egyptians2 s f> at lea/ z to prev5t _! contact ) ! ,israelites1 s9ce ! reason assign$ = locat+ !m 9 ,go%5 01 t %eph]ds 7 an abom9ation to ! ,egyptians2 besides1 _! employm5ts w\ld naturally lead !m out ( ! settl$ p>ts ( ,egypt to f9d a free range ( pa/urage = _! imm5se flocks & h]ds4 #c4 ,!y liv$ 9 p]man5t dwell+s4 ,^! 7 h\ses1 n t5ts4 ,9 ,ex4 xii4 #g1 #bb1 ! two side po/s1 & ! upp] door po/s1 & ! l9tel ( ! h\ses are m5tion$4 ,ea* family seems to h occupi$ a h\se by itself4 ,acts vii4 #bj4 ,ex4 xii4 #d--;& judg+ f ! regulation ab\t ! eat+ ( ! ,passov]1 !y c\ld h>dly h be5 small ones1 ,ex4 xii4 #d2 probably conta9$ sep>ate ap>tm5ts1 z ! ent]ta9m5t ( soj\rn]s seems to h be5 a common usage4 ,ex4 iii4 #bc2 & also places = concealm5t4 ,ex4 ii4 #b1 #c2 ,acts vii4 #bj4 ,!y appe> to h be5 well app>ell$4 ,ex4 xii4 #aa4 #d4 ,!y own$ flocks & h]ds1 & v mu* cattle4 ,ex4 xii4 #d1 #f1 #cb1 #cg1 #ch4 ,f ! fact t e man 0 comm&$ to kill ei!r a lamb or a kid1 "o ye> old1 = ! ,passov]1 be=e ! p left ,egypt1 we inf] t ev5 ! poore/ ( ! ,israelites own$ a flock ei!r ( %eep or goats4 ,fur!r1 ! imm5se multitude ( _! flocks & h]ds may be judg$ ( f ! expo/ulation ( ,moses ) ,jehovah4 ,num4 xii4 #ba1 #bb4 ,! p among :om ,i am are six hundr$ ?\s& footm51 & ?\ ha/ said ,i w give !m fle% t !y may eat a :ole mon?2 %all ! flocks & ! h]ds be sla9 = !m to suffice !m4 ,z ^! six hundr$ ?\s& 7 only ! m5 f tw5ty ye>s old & upw>d1 t 7 able to g =? to w>1 ,ex4 i4 #de1 #df2 ! :ole numb] ( ! ,israelites c\ld n h be5 less ?an ?ree millions & a half4 ,flocks & h]ds to suffice all ^! = food1 might surely be call$ v mu* cattle4 #e4 ,!y _h _! own =m ( gov]nm5t1 & pres]v$ _! tribe & family divisions1 & _! int]nal organization ?r\gh\t1 ?\gh /ill a prov9ce ( ,egypt1 & tribut>y to x4 ,ex4 ii4 #a2 xii4 #ai1 #ba2 vi4 #ad1 #be2 v4 #ai2 iii4 #af1 #ah4 #f4 ,!y _h 9 a consid]able measure1 ! disposal ( _! own "t4 ,ex4 iii4 #af1 #ah2 xii4 #f2 ii4 #i2 & iv4 #bg1 #bi-ca4 ,!y seem to h practis$ ! f9e arts4 ,ex4 xxxii4 #d2 xxxv4 #bb1 #ce4 #g4 ,!y 7 all arm$4 ,ex4 xxxii4 #bg4 #h4 ,!y held _! possessions indep5d5tly1 & ! ,egyptians seem to h reg>d$ !m z inviolable4 ,no intimation is giv5 t ! ,egyptians dispossess$ !m ( _! habitations1 or took away _! flocks1 or h]ds1 or crops1 or implem5ts ( agriculture1 or any article ( prop]ty4 #i4 ,all ! females seem to h kn[n some?+ ( dome/ic ref9em5ts4 ,!y 7 famili> ) in/rum5ts ( music1 & skill$ 9 ! work+ ( f9e fabrics4 ,ex4 xv4 #bj2 xxxv4 #be1 #bf2 & bo? males & females 7 able to read & write4 ,deut4 xi4 #ah-bj2 xvii4 #ai2 xxvii4 #c4 #aj4 ,s]vice seems to h be5 exact$ f none b adult males4 ,no?+ is said f :i* ! bond s]vice ( females c\ld be inf]r$2 ! hid+ ( ,moses ?ree mon?s by 8 "m1 & ! paym5t ( wages to h] by ,ph>aoh's daught]1 g aga9/ su* a supposition4 ,ex4 ii4 #bi4 #aa4 ,_! food 0 abundant & ( great v>iety4 ,s f> f be+ f$ ^u a fix$ all[ance ( a s+le article1 & ha/ily prep>$1 !y sat by ! fle%-pots1 & did eat bread to ! full4 ,ex4 xvi4 #c2 & _! bread 0 prep>$ ) leav54 ,ex4 xii4 #ae1 #ci4 ,!y ate ! fi% freely1 ! cucumb]s1 & ! melons1 & ! leeks1 & ! onions1 & ! g>lic4 ,num4 xi4 #d1 #e2 xx4 #e4 ,probably b a small portion ( ! p 7 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,egyptians at any "o "t4 ,! ext5t & v>iety ( _! own possessions1 toge!r ) su* a cultivation ( _! crops z w\ld provide !m ) bread1 & su* c>e ( _! imm5se flocks & h]ds1 z w\ld secure _! pr(itable increase1 mu/ h kept at home ! ma9 body ( ! nation4 ,dur+ ! plague ( d>kness1 ,god in=ms u t ,,all ! *ildr5 ( ,israel _h light 9 _! dwell+s4 ,we inf] t !y 7 !re to enjoy x4 ,see also ,ex4 ix4 #bf4 ,x seems improbable t ! mak+ ( brick1 ! only s]vice nam$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( _! soj\rn 9 ,egypt1 c\ld h furni%$ p]man5t employm5t = ! bulk ( ! nation4 ,see also ,ex4 iv4 #bi-ca4 ,besides1 :5 ,ea/]n nations employ$ tribut>ies1 x 0 z n[1 9 ! use ( ! levy1 requir+ !m to furni% a giv5 quota1 draft$ (f p]iodically1 s t comp>atively b a small portion ( ! nation w\ld be abs5t at any "o "t4 ,! adult males ( ! ,israelites 7 probably divid$ into companies1 :i* reliev$ ea* o!r at /at$ int]vals ( weeks or mon?s4 ,x might h be5 dur+ "o ( ^! p]iodical furl\ghs f s]vice t ,a>on p]=m$ ! j\rney to ,horeb4 ,ex4 iv4 #bg4 ,at ! lea/ calculation ?is j\rney mu/ h consum$ eight weeks4 ,probably "o-fif? "p ( ! proce$s ( _! labor 0 requir$ ( ! ,israelites 9 common ) ! ,egyptians4 ,g54 xlvii4 #bd1 #bf4 ,in/ead ( tak+ x f _! crops1 7,go%5 be+ bett] = pa/urage7 !y exact$ x ( !m 9 brick mak+2 & labor might h be5 exact$ only f ! poor] ,israelites1 ! weal?y be+ able to pay _! tribute 9 money4 ,! fact t all ! eld]s ( ,israel seem to h controll$ _! own "t1 7,see ,ex4 iv4 #bi2 iii4 #af2 v4 #bj17 favors ! supposition4 ,ex4 iv4 #bg1 #ca4 ,contra/ ?is bondage ( ,egypt ) ,am]ican slav]y4 ,h our slaves flocks & h]ds ev5 v mu* cattle8 ,d !y live 9 commodi\s h\ses ( _! own1 sit by ! fle%-pots1 eat fi% freely1 & eat bread to ! full8 ,d !y live 9 a sep>ate community1 9 _! di/9ct tribes1 "u _! own rul]s1 9 ! exclusive occupation ( an ext5sive tract ( c\ntry = ! culture ( _! crops1 & = re>+ imm5se h]ds ( _! own cattle--& all ^! held inviolable by _! ma/]s8 ,are our female slaves free f exactions ( labor & liabilities ( outrage8 or :5 employ$1 are !y paid wages1 z 0 ! ,israeliti% woman by ! k+'s daught]8 ,h !y ! disposal ( _! own "t1 & ! means = cultivat+ social ref9em5ts1 = practis+ ! f9e arts1 & = p]sonal improvem5t8 ,,! ,,israelites ,,"u ,,! ,,bondage ,,( ,,egypt1 ,,enjoy$ ,,all ,,^! ,,rights ,,& ,,privileges4 ,true1 all ! s]vice :]e9 !y made !m s]ve 0 ) rigor4 ,b :at 0 ?is :5 comp>$ ) ! incessant toil ( ,am]ican slaves2 ! robb]y ( all _! "t & e>n+s1 & ev5 ! p[] to own any ?+1 or acquire any ?+8 a qu>t ( corn a-day1 ! legal all[ance ( food6,c _! only clo?+ = "o half ! ye>1 "o %irt & "o pair ( pantaloons6,dtwo h\rs & a half only1 = re/ & refre%m5t 9 ! tw5ty-f\r6,e--_! dwell+s1 hovels1 unfit = human resid5ce1 ) b "o ap>tm5t1 :]e bo? sexes & all ages h]d promiscu\sly at night1 l ! bea/s ( ! field4,f ,add to ?is1 ! ignorance1 & degradation2,g ! daily sund]+s ( k9dr$1 ! revelries ( lu/1 ! lac]ations & baptisms ( blood1 sanction$ by law1 & patroniz$ by public s5tim5t4 ,:at 0 ! bondage ( ,egypt :5 comp>$ ) ?is8 ,& yet = h] oppression ( ! poor1 ,god smote h] ) plagues1 & trampl$ h] z ! mire1 till %e pass$ away 9 8 wra?1 & ! place t knew h] 9 h] pride1 knew h] no m4 ,ah6 ,i h se5 ! afflictions ( my p1 & ,i h he>d _! groan+s1 & am come d[n to deliv] !m4 ,,he ,,did ,,come1 & ,egypt sank a ru9\s heap1 & h] blood clos$ ov] h]4 ,if su* 0 ,god's retribution = ! oppression ( hea!n ,egypt1 ( h[ mu* sor] puni%m5t %all a ,*ri/ian p be ?\ght wor?y1 :o cloak ) religion a sy/em1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! bondage ( ,egypt dw9dles to no?+8 ,let ^? believe :o c1 t ,god commission$ 8 p to rob o!rs ( all _! rights1 :ile he d5\nc$ aga9/ !m wra? to ! utt]mo/1 if !y practis$ ! f> light] oppression ( ,egypt--:i* robb$ its victims ( only ! lea/ & *eape/ ( _! rights1 & left ! females unplund]$ ev5 ( ^!4 ,:at6 ,is ,god divid$ aga9/ himself8 ,:5 ,he _h j turn$ ,egypt into a fun]al pile2 :ile 8 curse yet blaz$ ^u h] unburi$ dead1 & 8 bolts /ill hiss$ amid/ h] slaught]1 & ! smoke ( h] torm5t w5t upw>ds because %e _h ,,robb$ ,,! ,,poor1 did ,he lic5se ! ,,victims ( robb]y to rob ! poor ( ,,all8 ,z ,lawgiv]1 did he create a sy/em t5fold m gr9d+ ?an t = :i* he _h j hurl$ ,ph>aoh headlong1 & ov]:elm$ 8 pr9ces & 8 ho/s1 till hell 0 mov$ to meet !m at _! com+8 ,footnote ,c3 ,see law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,haywood's ,manual #ebd-e4 ,to %[ t slavehold]s are n bett] ?an _! laws4 ,we give a few te/imonies4 ,rev4 ,?omas ,clay1 ( ,georgia1 7a slavehold]17 9 an address be=e ! ,georgia presbyt]y1 9 #ahcd1 speak+ ( ! slave's all[ance ( food1 says3--,! quantity all[$ by cu/om is a peck ( corn a week4 ,! ,m>yl& ,j\rnal & ,baltimore ,adv]tis] ( ,may #cj1 #aghh1 says1 a s+le peck ( corn a week1 or ! l measure ( rice1 is ! ord9>y quantity ( provision = a h>d-work+ slave2 to :i* a small quantity ( meat is occasionally1 ?\gh r>ely1 add$4 ,! ,gradual ,emancipation ,society ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 _! ,report = #ahcf1 sign$ ,moses ,swaim1 ,presid5t1 & ,william ,swaim1 ,secret>y1 says1 9 describ+ ! condition ( slaves 9 ! ,ea/]n "p ( t ,/ate1 ,! ma/] puts ! un=tunate wret*es ^u %ort all[ances1 sc>cely suffici5t = _! su/5ance1 s t a great "p ( !m g half nak$ & half />v$ mu* ( ! "t4 ,see ,m9utes ( ! ,am]ican ,conv5tion1 conv5$ 9 ,baltimore1 ,oct4 #be1 #ahbf4 ,rev4 ,john ,rank91 a native ( ,t5nessee1 & = _m ye>s a prea*] 9 slave /ates1 says ( ! food ( slaves1 ,x (t5 happ5s t :at w b>ely keep !m alive1 is all t a cruel av>ice w all[ !m4 ,h5ce1 9 "s in/ances1 _! all[ance has be5 r$uc$ to a s+le p9t ( corn ea*1 dur+ ! day & night4 ,& "s h no bett] all[ance ?an a small portion ( cotton se$2 :ile p]haps !y are n p]mitt$ to ta/e meat s mu* z once 9 ! c\rse ( sev5 ye>s4 ,?\s&s ( !m are press$ ) ! gnaw+s ( cruel hung] dur+ _! :ole lives4 ,rank9's ,lett]s on ,slav]y1 pp4 #eg1 #eh4 ,hon4 ,rob]t ,j4 ,turnbull1 ( ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c41 a slavehold]1 says1 ,! subsi/5ce ( ! slaves consi/s1 f ,m>* until ,augu/1 ( corn gr\nd into grits1 or meal1 made into :at is call$ hom9y1 or bak$ into corn bread4 ,! o!r six mon?s1 !y are f$ ^u ! sweet potatoe4 ,meat1 :5 giv51 is only by way ( indulg5ce or favor4 ,see ,refutation ( ! ,calumnies circulat$ aga9/ ! ,s\!rn & ,we/]n ,/ates1 by a ,s\? ,c>ol9ian4 ,*>le/on1 #ahbb4 ,asa ,a4 ,/one1 a !ological /ud5t1 resid+ at ,nat*ez1 ,mississippi1 wrote a lett] to ! editor ( ! ,new ,york ,evangeli/ 9 #ahce1 9 :i* he says1 ,on almo/ e plantation1 ! h&s suff] m or less f hung] at "s seasons ( almo/ e ye>4 ,!re is always a good deal ( suff]+ f hung]4 ,on _m plantations1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,l\isiana1 ! slaves are 9 a condition ( almo/ utt] fami%m5t dur+ a great portion ( ! ye>4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 lett]1 ,mr4 ,s4 says1 ,int5d+1 z ,i d1 t my /atem5ts %all be reli$ on1 & kn[+ t1 %\ld y ?9k fit to publi% ?is communication1 !y w come to ?is c\ntry1 :]e _! correctness may be te/$ by comp>ison ) real life1 ,i make !m ) ! utmo/ c>e & precaution4 ,presid5t ,edw>ds1 ! y\ng]1 9 a s]mon prea*$ half a c5tury ago1 at ,new ,hav51 ,conn41 says1 speak+ ( ! all[ance ( food giv5 to slaves--,!y are suppli$ ) b>ely en\gh to keep !m f />v+4 ,9 ! debate on ! ,miss\ri "q 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,congress1 #ahai-bj1 ! admission ( ,miss\ri to ! ,union1 z a slave /ate1 0 urg$1 among o!r gr\nds z a measure ( humanity to ! slaves ( ! s\?4 ,mr4 ,smy?1 a memb] ( ,congress1 f ,virg9ia1 & a l>ge slavehold]1 said1 ,! plan ( our oppon5ts seems to be to conf9e ! slave population to ! s\!rn /ates1 to ! c\ntries :]e sug>1 cotton1 & tobacco are cultivat$4 ,b1 sir1 by conf9+ ! slaves to a "p ( ! c\ntry :]e crops are rais$ = exportation1 & ! bread & meat are pur*as$1 y doom !m to sc>city & hung]4 ,is x n obvi\s t ! way to r5d] _! situation m com=table is to all[ !m to be tak5 :]e !re is n ! same motive to =ce ! slave to ,,incessant ,,toil t !re is 9 ! c\ntry :]e cotton1 sug>1 & tobacco are rais$ = exportation4 ,x is propos$ to hem 9 ! blacks :]e !y are ,,h>d ,,work$ & ,,ill ,,f$1 t !y may be r5d]$ unproductive & ! race be prev5t$ f increas+4 99 99 99 ,! propos$ measure w\ld be ,,extreme ,,cruelty to ! blacks4 99 99 99 ,y w\ld 99 99 99 doom !m to ,,sc>city & ,,h>d ,,labor4--,spee* ( ,mr4 ,smy?1 ( ,va41 ,jan4 #bh1 #ahbj4--,see ,national ,intellig5c]4 ,footnote ,d3 ,see law ( ,l\isiana1 ,m>t9's ,dige/1 #f1 #aj4 ,mr4 ,b\ld91 a ,virg9ia slavehold]1 9 a spee* 9 ,congress1 ,feb4 #af1 #ahce1 7see ,national ,intellig5c] ( t date17 said he knew t _m negroes _h di$ f exposure to wea!r4 ,mr4 ,b4 adds1 !y are clad 9 a flimsy fabric t w turn nei!r w9d nor wat]4 ,rev4 ,john ,rank9 says1 9 8 ,lett]s on slav]y1 page #eg1 ,9 e slavehold+ /ate1 _m slaves suff] extremely1 bo? :ile !y labor & :ile !y sleep1 = want ( clo?+ to keep !m w>m4 ,(t5 !y are driv5 ?r\gh fro/ & sn[ )\t ei!r /ock+ or %oe1 until ! pa? !y tread is di$ ) _! blood4 ,& :5 !y return to _! mis]able huts at night1 !y f9d n !re ! means ( com=table re/2 b on ! cold gr\nd !y mu/ lie )\t cov]+1 & %iv] :ile !y slumb]4 ,footnote ,e3 ,see law ( ,l\isiana1 act ( ,july #g1 #ahjf1 ,m>t9's ,dige/1 #f1 #aj-ab4 ,! law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a p]mits ! ma/] to compel 8 slaves to "w fifte5 h\rs 9 ! tw5ty-f\r1 9 summ]1 & f\rte5 9 ! w9t]--:i* w\ld be 9 w9t]1 f daybreak 9 ! morn+ until f\r h\rs aft] sunset6--,see #b ,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bdc4 ,! preamble ( ?is law comm5ces ?us3 ,:]eas1 _m own]s ( slaves d conf9e !m s closely to h>d labor t !y h n suffici5t "t = natural re/3 be x !re=e enact$1 c4 ,9 a "w entitl$ ,travels 9 ,l\isiana 9 #ahjb1 translat$ f ! ,fr5*1 by ,john ,davis1 is ! foll[+ te/imony "u ?is head3-- ,! labor ( ,slaves 9 ,l\isiana is n sev]e1 unless x be at ! roll+ ( sug>s1 an int]val ( f two to ?ree mon?s1 !n !y "w bo? night & day4 ,abridg$ ( _! sleep1 !y sc>ce retire to re/ dur+ ! :ole p]iod4 ,see page #ha4 ,on ! #hg? page ( ! same "w1 ! writ] says1 ,bo? 9 summ] & w9t] ! slaves mu/ be 9 ! field by ! fir/ dawn ( day4 ,& yet he says1 ! labor ( ! slave is n sev]e1 except at ! roll+ ( sug>s6 ,! "w ab\nds 9 eulogies ( slav]y4 ,9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 vol4 #a1 p4 #abj1 is ! foll[+3 ,s labori\s is ! task ( rais+1 beat+1 & clean+ rice1 t _h x be5 possible to obta9 ,european s]vants 9 suffici5t numb]s1 ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ,,mu/ ,,h ,,p]i%$4 ,9 an article on ! agriculture ( ,l\isiana1 publi%$ 9 ! second numb] ( ! ,we/]n ,review is ! foll[+3--,! "w is admitt$ to be sev]e = ! h&s1 7slaves7 requir+1 :5 ! process ( mak+ sug> is comm5c$1 ,,to ,,be ,,press$ ,,night ,,& ,,day4 ,mr4 ,philemon ,bliss1 ( ,ohio1 9 8 lett]s f ,florida1 9 #ahce1 says1 ,! negroes comm5ce labor by daylight 9 ! morn+1 & except+ ! pl[boys1 :o mu/ fe$ & re/ _! horses1 d n leave ! field till d>k 9 ! ev5+4 ,mr4 ,/one1 9 8 lett] f ,nat*ez1 an extract ( :i* 0 giv5 above1 says1 ,x is a g5]al rule on all regul> plantations1 t ! slaves rise 9 season 9 ! morn+1 to be 9 ! field z soon z x is light en\gh = !m to see to "w1 & rema9 !re until x is s d>k t !y _c see4 ,?is is ! case at all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,presid5t ,edw>ds1 9 ! s]mon already extract$ f1 says1 ,! slaves are kept at h>d labor f five o'clock 9 ! morn+ till n9e at night1 except+ "t to eat twice dur+ ! day4 ,hon4 ,r4,j4 ,turnbull1 a ,s\? ,c>ol9a slavehold]1 already quot$1 speak+ ( ! h>ve/+ ( cotton1 says3 ,all ! pregnant wom5 ev51 on ! plantation1 & weak & sickly negroes incapable ( o!r labor1 are !n 9 requisition4 99 99 99 ,see ,refutation ( ! ,calumnies circulat$ aga9/ ! ,s\!rn & ,we/]n ,/ates1 by a ,s\? ,c>ol9ian4 ,footnote ,f3 ,a late numb] ( ! ,we/]n ,m$ical ,re=m] conta9s a diss]tation by a ,k5tucky physician1 on ,ca*exia ,africana1 or ,african consumption1 9 :i* ! writ] says-- ,?is =m ( disease des]ves m att5tion f ! m$ical pr(ession ?an x has h]et(ore elicit$4 ,among ! causes may be nam$ ! mode & mann] 9 :i* ! negroes live4 ,!y are cr[d$ toge!r 9 a small hut1 sometimes hav+ an imp]fect1 & sometimes no floor--& seldom rais$ f ! gr\nd1 illy v5tilat$1 & surr\nd$ ) fil?4 ,_! diet & clo?+1 are also causes :i* might be enum]at$ z excit+ ag5ts4 ,!y live on a co>se1 crude & un:olesome diet1 & are imp]fectly clo!d1 bo? summ] & w9t]2 sleep+ ^u fil?y & frequ5tly damp b$s4 ,hon4 ,r4,j4 ,turnbull1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ^: te/imony on ano!r po9t has be5 giv5 above1 says ( ! slaves1 t !y live 9 clay cab9s1 ) clay *imneys1 c4 ,mr4 ,clay1 a ,georgia slavehold]1 f :om an extract has be5 giv5 already1 says1 speak+ ( ! dwell+s ( ! slaves1 ,too _m individuals ( bo? sexes are cr[d$ into "o h\se1 & ! prop] sep>ation ( ap>tm5ts _c be obs]v$4 ,t ! slaves are ins5sible to ! evils aris+ f x1 does n 9 ! lea/ less5 ! unhappy consequ5ces4 ,clay's ,address be=e ! ,presbyt]y ( ,georgia4--,p4 #ac4 ,footnote ,g3 ,rev4 ,c4,c4 ,jones1 late ( ,georgia1 n[ ,pr(essor 9 ! ,!ological ,sem9>y at ,columbia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 made a report be=e ! presbyt]y ( ,georgia1 9 #ahcc1 on ! moral condition ( ! slave population1 :i* report 0 publi%$ "u ! direction ( ! presbyt]y4 ,9 t report ,mr4 ,jones says1 ,!y1 ! slaves1 are %ut out f our sympa?ies & ef=ts z immortal be+s1 & are educat$ & discipl9$ z creatures ( pr(it1 & ( pr(it only1 = ?is _w4 ,9 a s]mon prea*$ by ,mr4 ,jones1 be=e two associations ( plant]s1 9 ,georgia1 9 #ahca1 speak+ ( ! slaves he says1 ,!y are a nation ( ,,hea!n 9 our v mid/4 ,:at h we done = our poor negroes8 ,) %ame we mu/ confess t we h done ,,no?+6 ,h[ c y pray = ,*ri/'s k+dom to come :ile y are neglect+ a p p]i%+ = lack ( vision ar\nd y\r v doors4 ,we )hold ! ,bible f our s]vants & keep !m 9 ignorance ( x1 :ile we w n use ! means to h x read & expla9$ to !m4 ,jones' ,s]mon1 pp4 #g1 #i4 ,an (ficial report ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 adopt$ at its session 9 ,columbia1 ,s4,c41 & publi%$ 9 ! ,*>le/on ,obs]v] ( ,m>* #bb1 #ahcd1 speak+ ( ! slaves1 says1 ,!re are ov] two millions ( human be+s1 9 ! condition ( ,,hea!n1 &1 9 "s respects1 9 a worse condition6 99 99 99 ,f long cont9u$ & close obs]vation1 we believe t _! moral & religi\s condition is su*1 z t !y may ju/ly be consid]$ ! hea!n ( ?is ,*ri/ian c\ntry1 & w be> comp>ison ) hea!n 9 any c\ntry 9 ! _w4 99 99 99 ,! negroes are de/itute ( ! privileges ( ! gospel1 & ev] w be "u ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s4 ,report1 c41 p4 #d4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,*ur* ,advocate1 publi%$ 9 ,lex+ton1 ,ky41 says1 ,! poor negroes are left 9 ! ways ( spiritual d>kness1 no ef=ts are be+ made = _! enlight5m5t1 no se$ is be+ s[n1 no?+ b a moral wild]ness is se51 ov] :i* ! s\l sick5s--! he>t ( ,*ri/ian sympa?y ble$s4 ,"h no?+ is pres5t$ b a moral wa/e1 z ext5sive z our influ5ce1 z appall+ z ! valley ( dea?4 ,! foll[+ is an extract ( a lett] f ,bi%op ,&rew ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 to ,messrs4 ,g>rit & ,maffit1 editors ( ! ,we/]n ,me?odi/1 !n publi%$ at ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee4 ,augu/a1 ,jan4 #bi1 #ahce4 ,! ,*ri/ians ( ! ,s\? owe a heavy debt to slaves on _! plantations1 & ! m9i/]s ( ,*ri/ especially are debtors to ! :ole slave population4 ,i fe> a cry goes up to heav5 on ?is subject aga9/ u2 & h[1 ,i ask1 %all ! scores :o h left ! m9i/ry ( ! ,^w1 t !y may make corn & cotton1 & buy & sell1 & get ga91 meet ?is cry at ! b> ( ,god8 & :at %all ! hundr$s ( money-mak+ & money-lov+ ma/]s1 :o h gr[n ri* by ! toil & sweat ( _! slaves1 & left _! s\ls to p]i%1 say :5 !y g ) !m to ! judgm5t ( ! great day8 ,! ,k5tucky ,union = ! moral & religi\s improvem5t ( ! color$ race1--an association compos$ ( "s ( ! mo/ influ5tial m9i/]s & laym5 ( ,k5tucky1 says 9 a g5]al circul> to ! religi\s public1 ,to ! female "* among ! black population1 we _c allude b ) feel+s ( ! bitt]e/ %ame4 ,a simil> condition ( moral pollution1 & utt] disreg>d ( a pure & virtu\s reputation1 is to be f\nd only )\t ! pale ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,t su* a /ate ( society %\ld exi/ 9 a ,*ri/ian nation1 )\t call+ =? any p>ticul> att5tion to its exi/5ce1 ?\gh ev] be=e our eyes & 9 our families1 is a moral ph5om5on at once unacc\ntable & disgraceful4 ,rev4 ,james ,a4 ,?ome1 a native ( ,k5tucky1 & /ill resid+ !re1 said 9 a spee* 9 ,new ,york1 ,may #ahcd1 speak+ ( lic5ti\sness among ! slaves1 ,i w\ld n h y fail to und]/& t ?is is a g5]al evil4 ,sir1 :at ,i n[ say1 ,i say f delib]ate conviction ( its tru?2 t ! slave /ates are ,sodoms1 & almo/ e village family is a bro!l4 7,9 ?is1 ,i ref] to ! inmates ( ! kit*51 & n to ! :ites47 ,a writ] 9 ! ,we/]n ,lum9>y1 publi%$ 9 ,lex+ton1 ,ky41 made ! foll[+ decl>ation to ! same po9t 9 ! numb] ( t pap] = ,may #g1 #ahce3 ,!re is "o topic to :i* ,i w allude1 :i* w s]ve to e/abli% ! hea!nism ( ?is population4 ,i allude to ! ,,univ]sal ,,lic5ti\sness :i* prevails4 ,*a/ity is no virtue among !m--its violation nei!r injures female "* 9 _! own e/imation1 or t ( _! ma/] or mi/ress--no in/ruction is ev] giv51 no c5sure pron\nc$4 ,i speak n ( ! _w4 ,i ,,speak ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,families ,,g5]ally4 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,conv]se1 long a resid5t ( ,virg9ia1 & ag5t ( ! ,colonization ,society1 said1 9 a s]mon be=e ! ,vt4 ,c4,s4--,almo/ no?+ is done to in/ruct ! slaves 9 ! pr9ciples & duties ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 99 99 99 ,! majority are emphatically hea!ns4 99 99 ,pi\s ma/]s 7) "s honorable exceptions7 are crim9ally neglig5t ( giv+ religi\s in/ruction to _! slaves4 99 99 99 ,!y c & d in/ruct _! own *ildr51 & p]haps _! h\se s]vants2 :ile ^? call$ field h&s live1 & labor1 & die1 )\t be+ told by _! pi\s ma/]s 787 t ,jesus ,*ri/ di$ to save s9n]s4 ,! page is already s load$ ) ref]5ces t we =be>4 ,= te/imony f ! m\?s ( slavehold]s to ! t]rible lac]ations & o!r nameless outrages inflict$ on ! slaves1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! numb] ( ! ,anti-,slav]y ,record = ,jan4 #ahcg4 ,we n[ proce$ to exam9e ! v>i\s objections :i* w d\btless be set 9 array aga9/ all ! =ego+ conclusions4 ,,objections ,,consid]$4 ,! advocates ( slav]y f9d !mselves at _! wit's end 9 press+ ! ,bible into _! s]vice4 ,e movem5t %[s !m h>d pu%$4 ,_! ev]-v>y+ %ifts1 _! =c$ con/ructions & bl9d guesswork1 proclaim bo? _! cause desp]ate1 & !mselves4 ,mean:ile _! invocations = help to ^? good old slavehold]s & patri>*s1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1,a s5t up )\t ceas+ f ! mid/ ( _! convulsions1 avail z little z did ! screams & lac]ations ( ! prophets ( ,baal to br+ an answ] ( fire4 ,! ,bible def5ces ?r[n ar\nd slav]y by ! pr(ess$ m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 d s torture common s5se1 ,scripture1 & hi/orical facts x 7 h>d to tell :e!r absurdity1 fatuity1 ignorance1 or blasphemy1 pr$om9ates1 9 ! comp\nd2 ea* /rives s lu/ily = ! ma/]y1 x may be set d[n a drawn battle4 ,h[ (t5 has x be5 bruit$ t ! color ( ! negro is ! ,ca9-m>k1 propagat$ d[nw>d4 ,ca9's po/]ity />t$ an opposition to ! ark1 =soo?1 & rode out ! flood ) fly+ /ream]s6 ,h[ c\ld miracle be m wor?ily employ$1 or bett] v9dicate ! ways ( ,god to man ?an by po9t+ su* an argum5t1 & fill+ out = slavehold]s a ,div9e title-de$6 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,presbyt]y ( ,h>mony1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 at _! meet+ 9 ,wa9sbor\gh1 ,s4,c41 ,oct4 #bh1 #ahcf1 appo9t$ a special committee to report on slav]y4 ,! foll[+ resolution is a "p ( ! report adopt$ by ! ,presbyt]y4 ,resolv$1 ,t slav]y has exi/$ f ! days ( ^? ,,good ,,old ,,slavehold]s ,,& ,,patri>*s1 ,abraham1 ,isaac & ,jacob1 :o are n[ 9 ! k+dom ( ,heav54 ,abraham receives abundant honor at ! h&s ( slave-hold+ div9es4 ,n because he 0 ! fa!r ( ! fai?ful1 =sook home & c\ntry = ! tru?'s sake1 0 ! mo/ em95t prea*] & practis] ( righte\sness 9 8 day2 nay1 v]ily1 = all ?is he gets fa9t praise2 b !n he _h ,,s]vants ,,b\ght ,,) ,,money666 ,?is is ! f9i%+ t\* ( 8 "*1 & its effect on slavehold]s is electrical4 ,prose fl$ges into poetry1 cold complim5ts w>m into praise1 eulogy r>ifies into panegyric & goes (f 9 rhapsody4 ,9 _! ec/asies ov] ,abraham1 ,isaac's p>am\nt claims to _! homage are lam5tably lo/ sight (4 ,x is q unacc\ntable1 t 9 _! manifold ogl+s ov] ,abraham's s]vants b\ght ) money1 no slavehold] is ev] caught ca/+ lov+ side-glances at ,g54 xxvii4 #bi1 #cg1 :]e ,isaac1 address+ ,jacob1 says1 ,be "l ov] ?y bre?r5 & let ?y "m's sons b[ d[n to !e4 ,& aft]w>ds1 address+ ,esau1 he says1 speak+ ( ! bir?-"r immunities confirm$ to ,jacob1 ,behold ,i h made him ?y ,"l & all 8 bre?r5 h ,i ,,giv5 ,,to ,,him ,,= ,,s]vants6 ,"h is a *>t] = slavehold+1 "u ! sign manual ( t good old slavehold] & patri>*1 ,isaac4 ,yea1 m--a ,div9e ,w>rant = a fa!r hold+ 8 *ildr5 z slaves & bequea?+ !m z prop]ty to 8 heirs6 ,bett] /ill1 x proves t ! favorite practice among/ our slavehold]s ( bequea?+ _! color$ *ildr5 to ^? ( a diff]5t hue1 0 a ,div9e in/itution1 = ,isaac gave ,esau1 :o 0 r$ all ov]1 to ,jacob1 z a s]vant4 ,n[ g5tlem51 honor to :om honor4 ,let ,isaac no long] be /9t$ ( ! glory t is 8 due z ! great prototype ( t peculi> dome/ic in/itution1 ( :i* y are em95t patrons1 t nice discrim9ation1 by :i* a fa!r1 9 8 w1 makes "p ( 8 *ildr5 prop]ty1 & ! re/1 _! proprietors1 :5ev] ! propriety ( su* a disposition is indicat$1 z 9 ! case ( ,jacob & ,esau1 by ! decisive tok5s ( ,,color & ,,hair1 7=1 to %[ t ,esau 0 ,jacob's rightful prop]ty aft] he 0 giv5 to him by ,isaac = a s]vant1 ! diff]5ce 9 hair z well z color1 is expressly /at$ by inspiration67 ,"o prom95t feature ( patri>*al example has be5 q ov]look$ by slavehold]s4 ,we mean ! special c>e ( ,isaac to in=m ,jacob t ^? giv5 to him z s]vants 7 ,,8 ,,bre?r51 7twice repeat$47 ,! deep v5]ation ( slavehold]s = e ?+ patri>*al1 cle>s !m f all suspicion ( design$ly neglect+ ?is au?oritative prec$5t1 & _! admirable zeal to p]petuate patri>*al fa%ions1 proves ?is seem+ neglect1 a m]e ov]sight3 & is an all-suffici5t gu>antee t h5ce=w>d !y w religi\sly illu/rate 9 _! own practice1 ! beauty ( ?is hi!rto neglect$ patri>*al usage4 ,true1 x w\ld be an odd codicil to a w1 = a slavehold]1 aft] bequea?+ to "s ( 8 *ildr51 all 8 slaves1 to add a supplem5t1 in=m+ !m t su* & su* & su* ( !m 7 _! bro!rs & si/]s4 ,d\btless x w\ld be at fir/ a sore trial also1 b :at pi\s slavehold] w\ld n be su/a9$ "u x by ! reflection t he 0 humbly foll[+ 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 illu/ri\s patri>*al pr$ecessors6 ,great re=m]s mu/ make great sacrifices1 & if ! _w is to be br\ght back to ! purity ( patri>*al times1 ^u :om w ! ends ( ! e>? come1 to :om w all trembl+ he>ts & fail+ eyes spontane\sly turn z lead]s to conduct ! =lorn hope ?r\gh ! wild]ness to t promis$ l&1 if n to slavehold]s1 ^? dis9t]e/$ pione]s ^: self-d5y+ labors h f\nd$ f> & wide ! patri>*al in/itution ( concub9age1 & ?r\gh evil report & good report1 h fai?fully /amp$ _! own image & sup]scription1 9 v>iegat$ hues1 ^u ! faces ( a sw>m+ prog5y f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,,objection ,i4 ,curs$ be ,canaan1 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8 bre?r54 ,g54 ix4 #be4 ,?is prophecy ( ,noah is ! vade mecum ( slavehold]s1 & !y nev] v5ture abroad )\t x2 x is a pocket-piece = sudd5 occasion1 a keepsake to dote ov]1 a *>m to spell-b9d opposition1 & a magnet to draw to _! /&>d :atsoev] worke? abom9ation or make? a lie4 ,b curs$ be ,canaan is a poor drug to ease a ?robb+ consci5ce--a mock+ lullaby to unquiet toss+s4 ,^? :o ju/ify negro slav]y by ! curse on ,canaan1 assume z usual all ! po9ts 9 debate4 #a4 ,t slav]y 0 prophesi$1 r ?an m]e s]vice to o!rs1 & individual bondage r ?an national subjection & tribute4 #b4 ,t ! pr$iction ( crime ju/ifies x2 or at lea/ absolves ^? ^: crimes fulfil x4 ,h[ pi\sly ! ,ph>aohs might h quot$ ! prophecy1 ,?y se$ %all be a /rang] 9 a l& t is n !irs1 & !y %all afflict !m f\r hundr$ ye>s4 ,& !n1 :at sa9ts 7 ^? t crucifi$ ! ,"l ( glory6 #c4 ,t ! ,africans are desc5d$ f ,canaan4 ,africa 0 peopl$ f ,egypt & ,e?iopia1 :i* c\ntries 7 settl$ by ,mizraim & ,cu%4 ,= ! location & b\nd>ies ( ,canaan's po/]ity1 see ,g54 x4 #ae-ai4 ,s a prophecy ( evil to "o p1 is quot$ to ju/ify its infliction ^u ano!r4 ,p]haps x may be argu$ t ,canaan includes all ,ham's po/]ity4 ,if s1 ! prophecy is yet unfulfill$4 ,! o!r sons ( ,ham settl$ ,egypt & ,assyria1 &1 conjo9tly ) ,%em1 ,p]sia1 & aft]w>d1 to "s ext5t1 ! ,grecian & ,roman empires4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! nations gives no v]ification ( ! prophecy4 ,:]eas1 ! hi/ory ( ,canaan's desc5dants = m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 is a record ( its fulfillm5t4 ,fir/1 !y 7 put to tribute by ! ,israelites2 !n by ! ,m$es & ,p]sians2 !n by ! ,mac$onians1 ,grecians & ,romans1 successively2 & f9ally1 7 subject$ by ! ,ottoman dyna/y1 :]e !y yet rema94 ,?us ,canaan has be5 = ages ! s]vant ma9ly ( ,%em & ,japhet1 & second>ily ( ! o!r sons ( ,ham4 ,x may /ill be object$1 t ?\gh ,canaan alone is nam$1 yet ! #bb;d & #bd? v]ses %[ ! po/]ity ( ,ham 9 g5]al to be meant4 ,& ,ham1 ! fa!r ( ,canaan1 saw ! nak$ness ( 8 fa!r1 & told 8 two bre?r5 )\t4 ,& ,noah awoke f 8 w9e1 & knew :at 8 ,,y\ng] son _h done unto him1 & said1 c4 ,x is argu$ t ?is y\ng] son _c be ,canaan1 z he 0 ! gr&son ( ,noah1 & !re=e x mu/ be ,ham4 ,we answ]1 :oev] t y\ng] son 01 ,canaan alone 0 nam$ 9 ! curse4 ,besides1 ! ,hebrew ^w ,b51 signifies son1 gr&son1 or any "o ( ! po/]ity ( an individual4,a ,"k ye ,laban1 ! ,,son 7gr&son7 ( ,nahor8 ,g54 xxix4 #e4 ,mephibo%e? ! ,,son 7gr&son7 ( ,saul4 #b ,sam4 xix4 #bd2 #b ,sam4 ix4 #f4 ,! driv+ ( ,jehu ! ,,son 7gr&son7 ( ,nim%i4 #b ,k+s ix4 #bj4 ,see also ,ru? iv4 #ag2 #b ,sam4 xxi4 #f2 ,g54 xxxi4 #ee4 ,%all we =bid ! inspir$ writ] to use ! same ^w :5 speak+ ( ,noah's gr&son8 ,fur!r1 ,ham 0 n ! y\ng] son4 ,! ord] ( enum]ation makes him ! second son4 ,if x be said t ,bible usage v>ies1 ! ord] ( bir? n always be+ obs]v$ 9 enum]ations2 ! reply is1 t1 enum]ation 9 t ord]1 is ! rule1 9 any o!r ord] ! exception4 ,besides1 if a y\ng] memb] ( a family takes prec$5ce ( old] ones 9 ! family record1 x is a m>k ( pre-em95ce1 ei!r 9 end[m5ts1 or provid5tial in/rum5tality4 ,abraham1 ?\gh sixty ye>s y\ng] ?an 8 elde/ bro!r1 /&s fir/ 9 ! family g5ealogy4 ,no?+ 9 ,ham's hi/ory %[s him pre-em95t2 besides1 ! ,hebrew ^w ,hakkatan r5d]$ ! y\ng]1 means ! little1 small4 ,! same ^w is us$ 9 ,isa4 lx4 #bb4 ,a ,,little ,,"o %all become a ?\s&4 ,isa4 xxii4 #bd4 ,all vessels ( ,,small quantity4 ,ps4 cxv4 #ac4 ,he w bless !m t fe> ! ,"l bo? ,,small & great4 ,ex4 xviii1 #bb4 ,b e ,,small matt] !y %all judge4 ,x w\ld be a lit]al r5d]+ ( ,g54 ix4 #bd1 if x 7 translat$ ?us1 :5 ,noah knew :at 8 little son1,b or gr&son 7,b5o ,hakkatan7 _h done unto him1 he said curs$ be ,canaan1 c4 ,fur!r1 ev5 if ! ,africans 7 ! desc5dants ( ,canaan1 ! assumption t _! enslavem5t fulfils ?is prophecy1 lacks ev5 plausibility1 =1 only a fraction ( ! inhabitants ( ,africa h at any "t be5 ! slaves ( o!r nations4 ,if ! objector say 9 reply1 t a l>ge majority ( ! ,africans h always be5 slaves at home1 we answ]3 ,x is false 9 po9t ( fact1 ?\gh zeal\sly bruit$ (t5 to s]ve a turn2 & if x 7 true1 h[ does x help ! argum5t8 ,! prophecy 01 ,curs$ be ,canaan1 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8 ,,bre?r541 n unto himself6 ,footnote ,a3 ,s av1 ! ,hebrew ^w = fa!r1 signifies any ance/or1 h[ev] remote4 #b ,*ron4 xvii4 #c2 xxviii4 #a2 xxxiv4 #b2 ,dan4 v4 #b4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! ,fr5* foll[s ! same analogy2 gr&son be+ petit fils 7little son47 ,,objection ,,ii4--,if a man smite 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 he %all surely be puni%$4 ,not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two1 he %all n be puni%$1 = he is 8 money4 ,ex4 xxi4 #bj1 #ba4 ,:at 0 ! design ( ?is regulation8 ,0 x to grant ma/]s an indulg5ce to beat s]vants ) impunity1 & an assurance1 t if !y beat !m to dea?1 ! (f5ce %\ld n be capital8 ,?is is sub/antially :at comm5tators tell u4 ,:at ,deity d su* m5 wor%ip8 ,"s blood-gorg$ ,molo*1 en?ron$ on human hecatombs1 & snuff+ c>nage = inc5se8 ,did ,he :o ?und]$ f ,s9ai's flames1 ,,?\ ,,%alt ,,n ,,kill1 (f] a b\nty on murd]8 ,:oev] analyzes ! ,mosaic sy/em1 w (t5 f9d a moot c\rt 9 session1 try+ law po9ts1 settl+ def9itions1 or lay+ d[n rules ( evid5ce4 ,num4 xxxv4 #aj-bb2 ,deut4 xix4 #d-f2 ,lev4 xxiv4 #ai-bb2 ,ex4 xxi4 #ah1 #ai1 are "s ( ! cases /at$1 ) te/s furni%$ ! judges by :i* to detect ! int5t1 9 actions br\ght be=e !m4 ,_! ignorance ( judicial proce$+s1 laws ( evid5ce1 c41 made su* in/ructions necess>y4 ,! detail gone into1 9 ! v]ses quot$1 is manife/ly to enable !m to get at ! motive & f9d out :e!r ! ma/] design$ to kill4 #a4 ,if a man smite 8 s]vant ) a rod4--,! in/rum5t us$1 gives a clue to ! int5t4 ,see ,num4 xxxv4 #af-ah4 ,a rod1 n an axe1 nor a sword1 nor a bludgeon1 nor any o!r dea?-weapon--h5ce1 f ! k9d ( in/rum5t1 no design to kill w\ld be inf]r$2 = int5t to kill w\ld h>dly h tak5 a rod = its weapon4 ,b if ! s]vant die "u 8 h&1 !n ! unfitness ( ! in/rum5t1 is po9t blank aga9/ him2 =1 /rik+ ) a rod s z to cause dea?1 presuppos$ v _m bl[s & great viol5ce1 & ?is kept up till ! dea?-gasp1 %[$ an int5t to kill4 ,h5ce ,he %all surely be puni%$4 ,b if he cont9u$ a day or two1 ! l5g? ( "t t he liv$1 ! k9d ( in/rum5t us$1 & ! ma/]'s pecuni>y int]e/ 9 8 life1 7he is 8 money17 all made a /rong case ( presumptive evid5ce1 %[+ t ! ma/] did n design to kill4 ,fur!r1 ! ^w nakam1 "h r5d]$ puni%$1 occurs ?irty-five times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & 9 almo/ e place is translat$ av5ge1 9 a few1 to take v5geance1 or to rev5ge1 & 9 ?is in/ance ,,alone1 puni%4 ,z x /&s 9 our translation1 ! pron\n prec$+ x1 ref]s to ! ma/]1 :]eas x %\ld ref] to ! crime1 & ! ^w r5d]$ puni%$1 %\ld h be5 r5d]$ av5g$4 ,! mean+ is ?is3 ,if a man smite 8 s]vant or 8 maid ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 ,,x 7! dea?7 %all surely be av5g$1 or lit]ally1 by av5g+ x %all be av5g$2 t is1 ! dea? ( ! s]vant %all be av5g$ by ! dea? ( ! ma/]4 ,s 9 ! next v]se1 ,if he cont9ue a day or two1 8 dea? is n to be av5g$ by ! dea? ( ! ma/]1 z 9 t case ! crime 0 to be adjudg$ manslaught]1 & n murd]4 ,9 ! foll[+ v]se1 ano!r case ( p]sonal injury is /at$1 = :i* ! injur] is to pay a sum ( money2 & yet our translators employ ! same phraseology 9 bo? places6 ,"o1 an in/ance ( delib]ate1 wanton1 kill+ by piecemeal2 ! o!r1 an accid5tal1 & comp>atively slight injury--( ! inflict]1 9 bo? cases1 !y say ! same ?+6 ,n[1 j ! discrim9ation to be look$ = :]e ,,god legislates1 is m>k$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,9 ! case ( ! s]vant wilfully murd]$1 ,he says1 ,x 7! dea?7 %all surely be av5g$1 t is1 ! life ( ! wrong do] %all expiate ! crime4 ,! same ^w is us$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :5 ! greate/ wrongs are r$ress$1 by devot+ ! p]petrators to de/ruction4 ,9 ! case ( ! un9t5tional injury1 9 ! foll[+ v]se1 ,god says1 ,he %all surely be f9$1 7ana%47 ,he %all pay z ! judges det]m9e4 ,! simple mean+ ( ! ^w ana%1 is to lay a f9e4 ,x is us$ 9 ,deut4 xxii4 #ai3 ,!y %all am]ce him 9 "o hundr$ %ekels1 & 9 #b ,*ron4 xxxvi4 #c3 ,he condemn$ 7mulct$7 ! l& 9 a hundr$ tal5ts ( silv] & a tal5t ( gold4 ,t av5g+ ! dea? ( ! s]vant1 0 nei!r imprisonm5t1 nor /ripes1 nor a f9e b t x 0 tak+ ! ma/]'s life we inf]1 #a4 ,f ! use ( ! ^w nakam4 ,see ,g54 iv4 #bd2 ,jo%4 x4 #ac2 ,judg4 xv4 #g2 xvi4 #bh2 #a ,sam4 xiv4 #bd2 xviii4 #be2 xxv4 #ca2 #b ,sam4 iv4 #h2 ,judg4 v4 #b2 #a ,sam4 xxv4 #bf-cc4 #b4 ,f ! express /atute1 ,lev4 xxiv4 #ag3 ,he t kille? ,,any man %all surely be put to dea?4 ,also1 ,num4 xxxv4 #cj1 #ca3 ,:oso kille? ,,any p]son1 ! murd]] %all be put to dea?4 ,moreov]1 ye %all take ,,no ,,satisfaction = ! life ( a murd]] :i* is guilty ( dea?1 b he %all surely be put to dea?4 #c4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an gives ! v]se ?us1 ,dea? by ! sword %all surely be adjudg$4 ,! ,t>gum ( ,j]usalem1 ,v5geance %all be tak5 = him to ! utt]mo/4 ,j>*i1 ! same4 ,! ,sam>itan v]sion3 ,he %all die ! dea?4 ,aga91 ! clause = he is 8 money1 is quot$ to prove t ! s]vant is 8 ma/]'s prop]ty1 & !re=e1 if he di$1 ! ma/] 0 n to be puni%$4 ,! assumption is1 t ! phrase1 ,,he ,,is ,,8 ,,money1 proves n only t ! s]vant is wor? money to ! ma/]1 b t he is an article ( prop]ty4 ,if ! advocates ( slav]y insi/ ^u tak+ ?is pr9ciple ( int]pretation into ! ,bible1 & turn+ x loose1 let !m /& & draw 9 self-def5ce4 ,if !y endorse = x at "o po9t1 !y mu/ /& sponsors all ar\nd ! circle4 ,x w be too late to cry = qu>t] :5 its /roke cle>s ! table1 & tilts !m among ! sweep+s b5ea?4 ,! ,bible ab\nds ) su* expressions z ! foll[+3 ,?is 7bread7 is my body2 all !y 7! ,israelites7 are brass & t92 ?is 7wat]7 is ! blood ( ! m5 :o w5t 9 jeop>dy ( _! lives2 ! ,"l ,god is a sun2 ! sev5 good e>s are sev5 ye>s2 ! tree ( ! field is man's life2 ,god is a consum+ fire2 he is 8 money1 c4 ,a passion = ! exact lit]alities ( ! ,bible is too amiable1 n to be gratifi$ 9 ?is case4 ,! words 9 ! orig9al are 7,kspo-hu17 8 silv] is he4 ,! objector's pr9ciple ( int]pretation is a philosoph]'s /one6 ,its miracle t\* transmutes five feet eight in*es ( fle% & bones into solid silv]6 ,q a p]man5t s]vant1 if n s nimble )al--reason+ aga9/ =ev]1 is =e/all$ h5ce=?1 &1 ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae1 q outwitt$4 ,! obvi\s mean+ ( ! phrase1 ,he is 8 money1 is1 he is wor? money to 8 ma/]1 & s9ce1 if ! ma/] _h kill$ him1 x w\ld h tak5 money out ( 8 pocket1 ! pecuni>y loss1 ! k9d ( in/rum5t us$1 & ! fact ( 8 liv+ sometime aft] ! injury1 7if ! ma/] meant to kill1 he w\ld be likely to d x :ile ab\t x47 all toge!r make a /rong case ( presumptive evid5ce cle>+ ! ma/] f int5t to kill4 ,b let u look at ! objector's inf]5ces4 ,"o is1 t z ! ma/] might dispose ( 8 prop]ty z he pleas$1 he 0 n to be puni%$1 if he de/roy$ x4 ,:e!r ! s]vant di$ "u ! ma/]'s h&1 or aft] a day or two1 he 0 equally 8 prop]ty1 & ! objector admits t 9 ! fir/ case ! ma/] is to be surely puni%$ = de/roy+ 8 own prop]ty6 ,! o!r inf]5ce is1 t s9ce ! cont9uance ( a day or two1 cle>$ ! ma/] ( int5t to kill1 ! loss ( ! s]vant w\ld be a suffici5t puni%m5t = inflict+ ! injury :i* caus$ 8 dea?4 ,?is inf]5ce makes ! ,mosaic law false to its own pr9ciples4 ,a pecuni>y loss 0 no "p ( ! legal claim1 :]e a p]son took ! life ( ano!r4 ,9 su* case1 ! law spurn$ money1 :atev] ! sum4 ,god w\ld n *eap5 human life1 by balanc+ x ) su* a weight4 ,ye %all take ,,no ,,satisfaction = ! life ( a murd]]1 b he %all surely be put to dea?4 ,num4 xxxv4 #ca4 ,ev5 9 excusable homicide1 :]e an axe slipp$ f ! helve & kill$ a man1 no sum ( money avail$ to release f conf9em5t 9 ! city ( refuge1 until ! dea? ( ! ,high ,prie/4 ,num4 xxxv4 #cb4 ,! doctr9e t ! loss ( ! s]vant w\ld be a p5alty adequate to ! des]t ( ! ma/]1 admits 8 guilt & 8 des]t ( "s puni%m5t1 & x prescribes a k9d ( puni%m5t1 reject$ by ! law1 9 all cases :]e man took ! life ( man1 :e!r ) or )\t int5t to kill4 ,9 %ort1 ! objector annuls an integral "p ( ! sy/em--makes a new law1 & coolly metes out su* p5alty z he ?9ks fit4 ,div9e legislation revis$ & improv$6 ,! ma/] :o /ruck out 8 s]vant's too?1 :e!r int5tionally or n1 0 requir$ to set him free4 ,! pecuni>y loss to ! ma/] 0 ! same z ?\gh he _h kill$ him4 ,look at ! two cases4 ,a ma/] beats 8 s]vant s t he dies ( 8 w\nds2 ano!r accid5tally /rikes out 8 s]vant's too?1--! pecuni>y loss ( bo? ma/]s is ! same4 ,if ! loss ( ! s]vant's s]vices is puni%m5t suffici5t = ! crime ( kill+ him1 w\ld ,god comm& ! same puni%m5t = ! accid5tal knock+ out ( a too?8 ,inde$1 unless ! injury 0 done inadv]t5tly1 ! loss ( ! s]vant's s]vices 0 only a "p ( ! puni%m5t--m]e rep>ation to ! individual = injury done2 ! ma9 puni%m5t1 t /rictly judicial1 0 rep>ation to ! community4 ,to set ! s]vant free1 & ?us proclaim 8 injury1 8 "r to r$ress1 & ! measure ( x--answ]$ n ! ends ( public ju/ice4 ,! law made an example ( ! (f5d]1 t ^? t rema9 might he> & fe>4 ,if a man cause a blemi% 9 8 neighbor1 z he ha? done1 s %all x be done unto him4 ,brea* = brea*1 eye = eye1 too? = too?4 ,ye %all h "o mann] ( law z well = ! ,,/rang] z = "o ( y\r own c\ntry4 ,lev4 xxiv4 #ai1 #bj1 #bb4 ,f9ally1 if a ma/] smote out 8 s]vant's too?1 ! law smote out 8 too?--?us r$ress+ ! public wrong2 & x cancell$ ! s]vant's obligation to ! ma/]1 ?us giv+ "s comp5sation = ! injury done1 & exempt+ him f p]il\s liabilities 9 future4 ,,objection ,,iii4 ,bo? ?y bondm5 & bondmaids :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y1 ( !m %all ye buy bondm5 & bondmaids4 ,moreov] ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy1 & ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y begat 9 y\r l&1 & !y %all be y\r possession4 ,& ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a possession2 !y %all be y\r bondm5 =ev]4 ,lev4 xxv4 #dd-df4 ,! po9ts 9 ^! v]ses1 urg$ z pro(1 t ! ,mosaic sy/em sanction$ slav]y1 are #a4 ,! ^w ,,bondm54 #b4 ,,buy4 #c4 ,,inh]itance ,,& ,,possession4 #d4 ,,=ev]4 ,we w n[ asc]ta9 :at sanction to slav]y is d]ivable f ^! t]ms4 #a4 ,,bondm54 ,! fact t s]vants f ! hea!n are call$ bondm51 :ile o!rs are call$ s]vants1 is quot$ z pro( t ! =m] 7 slaves4 ,z ! caprices ( ,k+ ,james' translators 7 n inspir$1 we ne$ /& 9 no special awe ( !m4 ,! ^w "h r5d]$ bondm5 is uni=mly r5d]$ s]vants else:]e4 ,! ,hebrew ^w eb$h1 ! plural ( :i* is "h translat$ bondm51 is (t5 appli$ to ,*ri/4 ,behold my s]vant 7bondman1 slave87 :om ,i uphold4 ,isa4 xlii4 #a4 ,behold my s]vant 7,*ri/7 %all deal prud5tly4 ,isa4 lii4 #ac4 ,& he said x is a light ?+ t ?\ 7,*ri/7 %\ld/ be my s]vant4 ,isa4 xlix4 #f4 ,to a s]vant ( rul]s4 ,isa4 xlix4 #g4 ,by 8 k %all my righte\s s]vant 7,*ri/7 ju/ify _m4 ,is4 liii4 #aa4 ,behold ,i w br+ =? my s]vant ! ,,bran*4 ,ze*4 iii4 #h4 ,9 #a ,k+s xii4 #f1 #g1 x is appli$ to ,k+ ,rehoboam4 ,& !y spake unto him1 say+ if ?\ wilt be a s]vant unto ?is p1 !n !y w be ?y s]vants =ev]4 ,9 #b ,*ron4 xii4 #g1 #h1 #i1 #ac1 to ! k+ & all ! nation4 ,! ^w is us$ to designate ^? :o p]=m s]vice = individuals or families1 ab\t ?irty-five times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,to designate tribut>ies ab\t tw5ty-five times4 ,to designate ! subjects ( gov]nm5t1 ab\t ?irty-?ree times4 ,to designate ! wor%ipp]s bo? ( ! true ,god1 & ( false gods1 ab\t sev5ty times4 ,x is also us$ 9 salutations & c\rte\s addresses ne>ly "o hundr$ times4 ,9 f9e1 ! ^w is appli$ to all p]sons do+ s]vice = o!rs1 & t m]ely to designate !m z ! p]=m]s ( su* s]vice1 :atev] x might be1 or :atev] ! gr\nd on :i* x might be r5d]$4 ,to argue f ! fact1 ( ?is ^w be+ us$ to designate dome/ic s]vants1 t !y 7 made s]vants by =ce1 work$ )\t pay1 & held z articles ( prop]ty1 is su* a gross assumption & absurdity z to make =mal refutation ridicul\s4 ,we repeat :at has be5 %[n above1 t ! ^w r5d]$ bondm5 9 ,lev4 xxv4 #dd1 is us$ to po9t out p]sons r5d]+ s]vice = o!rs1 totally irrespective ( ! pr9ciple on :i* t s]vice 0 r5d]$2 z is manife/ f ! fact t x is appli$ indiscrim9ately to tribut>ies1 to dome/ics1 to all ! subjects ( gov]nm5ts1 to magi/rates1 to all gov]nm5tal (fic]s1 to y\ng] sons--def9+ _! relation to ! fir/ born1 :o is call$ "l & rul]--to prophets1 to k+s1 & to ! ,messiah4 ,to argue f ! mean+ ( ! ^w eb$h z us$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 t ^? to :om x 0 appli$ r5d]$ s]vice aga9/ _! w1 & )\t pay1 does viol5ce to ! scripture use ( ! t]m1 sets at n\ght all rules ( int]pretation1 & outrages common s5se4 ,if any inf]5ce z to ! mean+ ( ! t]m is to be drawn f ! condition & relations ( ! v>i\s classes ( p]sons1 to :om x is appli$1 ! only legitimate "o w\ld seem to be1 t ! t]m designates a p]son :o r5d]s s]vice to ano!r 9 return = some?+ ( value receiv$ f him4 ,! same rem>k applies to ! ,hebrew v]b abadh1 to s]ve1 answ]+ to ! n\n eb$h 7s]vant74 ,x is us$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t to describe ! s]v+ ( tribut>ies1 ( wor%ipp]s1 ( dome/ics1 ( ,levites1 ( sons to a fa!r1 ( y\ng] bro!rs to ! eld]1 ( subjects to a rul]1 ( hirel+s1 ( soldi]s1 ( public (fic]s to ! gov]nm5t1 ( a ho/ to 8 gue/s1 c4 ,( ^! x is us$ to describe ! s]v+ ( wor%ipp]s m ?an =ty times1 ( tribut>ies1 ab\t ?irty five1 & ( s]vants or dome/ics1 ab\t t54 ,if ! ,israelites n only held slaves1 b multitudes ( !m1 if ,abraham _h ?\s&s1 & if !y ab\nd$ "u ! ,mosaic sy/em1 :y _h _! language no ^w t meant slave8 ,t language mu/ be w(ully pov]ty-/rick51 :i* has no signs to repres5t ! mo/ common & famili> objects & conditions4 ,to repres5t by ! same ^w1 & )\t figure1 prop]ty1 & ! own] ( t prop]ty1 is a solecism4 ,ziba 0 an eb$h1 yet he own$ 767 tw5ty eb$hs6 ,9 our language1 we h bo? s]vant & slave4 ,:y8 ,because we h bo? ! ?+s1 & ne$ signs = !m4 ,if ! tongue _h a %ea?1 z swords h scabb>ds1 we %\ld h "s "n = x3 b our diction>ies give u none4 ,:y8 ,because !re is no su* ?+4 ,b ! objector asks1 ,w\ld n ! ,israelites use _! ^w eb$h if !y spoke ( ! slave ( a hea!n8 ,answ]4 ,_! national s]vants or tribut>ies1 are spok5 ( frequ5tly1 b dome/ics s]vants s r>ely1 t no necessity exi/$1 ev5 if !y 7 slaves1 = co9+ a new ^w4 ,besides1 ! fact ( _! be+ dome/ics1 "u hea!n laws & usages1 proclaim$ _! liabilities2 _! locality made a specific t]m unnecess>y4 ,b if ! ,israelites _h n only s]vants1 b a multitude ( slaves1 a ^w mean+ slave1 w\ld h be5 indisp5sible = e day conv5i5ce4 ,fur!r1 ! laws ( ! ,mosaic sy/em 7 s _m s5t9els on ! outpo/s to w>n (f =eign practices4 ,! bord] gr\nd ( ,canaan1 0 qu>ant9e gr\nd1 en=c+ ! /ricte/ non-int]c\rse 9 usages betwe5 ! )\t & ! )94 #b4 ,,buy4 ,! buy+ ( s]vants1 is discuss$ at l5g?4 pp4 #ag-bc4 ,to t discussion ! read] is ref]r$4 ,we w add 9 ?is place b a s+le consid]ation4 ,?is regulation requir+ ! ,israelites to buy s]vants ( ! hea!n1 prohibit$ _! tak+ !m )\t buy+4 ,buy+ supposes two p>ties3 a price dem&$ by "o & paid by ! o!r1 & consequ5tly1 ! cons5t ( bo? buy] & sell]1 to ! transaction4 ,( c\rse ! comm& to ! ,israelites to buy s]vants ( ! hea!n1 prohibit$ _! gett+ !m unless !y fir/ got somebody's cons5t to ! transaction1 & paid to somebody a fair equival5t4 ,n[1 :o 7 ^! somebodies8 ,?is at lea/ is pla91 !y 7 n ,israelites1 b hea!n4 ,( !m %all ye buy4 ,:o !n 7 ^! somebodies1 ^: "r 0 s p>am\nt1 t _! cons5t mu/ be got & ! price paid mu/ g into _! pockets8 ,7 !y ! p]sons !mselves :o became s]vants1 or "s o!r p]sons4 ,"s o!r p]sons to be sure1 says ! objector1 ! c\ntrym5 or ! neighbors ( ^? :o become s]vants4 ,ah6 ?is !n is ! import ( ! ,div9e comm& to ! ,israelites4 ,:5 y g among ! hea!n r\nd ab\t to get a man to "w = y1 ,i /raightly *>ge y to g fir/ to 8 neighbors1 get _! cons5t t y may h him1 settle ! t]ms ) !m1 & pay to !m a fair equival5t4 ,if x is n _! *oice to let him g1 ,i *>ge y n to take him on y\r p]il4 ,if !y cons5t1 & y pay !m ! full value ( 8 labor1 !n y may g & cat* ! man & drag him home ) y1 & make him "w = y1 & ,i w bless y 9 ! "w ( y\r h&s & y %all eat ( ! fat ( ! l&4 ,z to ! man himself1 8 *oice is no?+1 & y ne$ give him no?+ = 8 "w3 b take c>e & pay 8 neighbors well = him1 & respect _! free *oice 9 tak+ him1 = to deprive a hea!n man by =ce & )\t pay ( ! use ( himself is well pleas+ 9 my sight1 b to deprive 8 hea!n neighbors ( ! use ( him is t abom9able ?+ :i* my s\l hate?4 #c4 ,,=ev]4 ,?is is quot$ to prove t s]vants 7 to s]ve dur+ _! life "t1 & _! po/]ity f g5]ation to g5]ation4,a ,no su* idea is conta9$ 9 ! passage4 ,! ^w =ev]1 in/ead ( def9+ ! l5g? ( individual s]vice1 proclaims ! p]man5ce ( ! regulation laid d[n 9 ! two v]ses prec$+1 namely1 t _! p]man5t dome/ics %\ld be ( ! ,/rang]s1 & n ( ! ,israelites2 x decl>es ! duration ( t g5]al provision4 ,z if ,god _h said1 ,y %all always get y\r p]man5t labor]s f ! nations r\nd ab\t y2 y\r s]vants %all always be ( t class ( p]sons4 ,z x /&s 9 ! orig9al1 x is pla9--,=ev] ( !m %all ye s]ve y\rselves4 ,?is is ! lit]al r5d]+4 ,footnote ,a3 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ! explicit te/imony ( our ,"l %\ld = ev] =e/all all cavil on ?is po9t4 ,! s]vant abide? n 9 ! h\se ,,= ,,ev]1 b ! ,son1 abide? ev]4 ,john viii4 #ce4 ,t =ev] ref]s to ! p]man5t relations ( a community1 r ?an to ! s]vices ( individuals1 is a fair inf]5ce f ! =m ( ! expression1 ,bo? ?y bondm51 c41 %all be ( ! hea!n4 ,,( ,,!m %all ye buy4 ,!y %all be y\r possession4 ,,!y %all be y\r bondm5 =ev]4 ,b ov] y\r bre?r5 ! ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,israel1 c4 ,to say no?+ ( ! unc]ta9ty ( ^! individuals surviv+ ^? aft] :om !y are to live1 ! language us$ applies m naturally to a body ( p1 ?an to individual s]vants4 ,besides p]petual s]vice _c be argu$ f ! t]m =ev]4 ,! n9? & t5? v]ses ( ! same *apt] limit x absolutely by ! jubilee4 ,!n ?\ %alt cause ! trumpet ( ! jubilee to s\nd 99 99 ?r\gh\t ,,all y\r l&4 ,& ye %all proclaim lib]ty ?r\gh\t all ! l& unto ,,all ! inhabitants !re(4 ,x may be object$ t inhabitants "h means ,israeliti% inhabitants alone4 ,! comm& is1 ,proclaim lib]ty ?r\gh\t all ! l& unto ,,all ! inhabitants !re(4 ,besides1 9 ! six? v]se1 !re is an enum]ation ( ! diff]5t classes ( ! inhabitants1 9 :i* s]vants & ,/rang]s are includ$2 & 9 all ! regulations ( ! jubilee1 & ! sabbatical ye>1 ! ,/rang]s are includ$ 9 ! precepts1 prohibitions1 & promises4 ,aga93 ! ye> ( jubilee 0 u%]$ 9 by ! day ( atonem5t4 ,:at did ^! in/itutions %[ =?8 ,! day ( atonem5t prefigur$ ! atonem5t ( ,*ri/1 & ! ye> ( jubilee1 ! gospel jubilee4 ,& did !y prefigure an atonem5t & a jubilee to ,jews only8 ,7 !y types ( s9s remitt$1 & ( salvation proclaim$ to ! nation ( ,israel alone8 ,is !re no r$emption = u ,g5tiles 9 ^! ends ( ! e>?1 & is our hope presumption & impiety8 ,did t old p>tition wall survive ! %ock t made e>? quake1 & hid ! sun1 bur/ graves & rocks1 & r5t ! temple veil8 & did ! ,gospel only re> x high] to ?und] dir] p]dition f its fr[n+ battlem5ts on all )\t8 ,no6 ,! ,god ( ,,our salvation lives4 ,good tid+s ( great joy %all be to ,,all p4 ,"o %\t %all swell f all ! ransom$1 ,?\ ha/ r$eem$ u unto ,god by ?y blood out ( ,,e k9dr$1 & tongue1 & p1 & nation4 ,to d5y t ! bless+s ( ! jubilee ext5d$ to ! s]vants f ! ,g5tiles1 makes ,*ri/ianity ,judaism4,a ,x n only eclipses ! glory ( ! ,gospel1 b /rikes out its sun4 ,! refusal to release s]vants at ! jubilee falsifi$ & disannull$ a gr& lead+ type ( ! atonem5t1 & 0 a libel on ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/'s r$emption4 ,b ev5 if =ev] did ref] to individual s]vice1 we h ample prec$5ts = limit+ ! t]m by ! jubilee4 ,! same ^w def9es ! l5g? ( "t :i* ,jewi% s]vants s]v$ :o did n g out at ! end ( _! six ye>s' t]m4 ,& all admit t !y w5t out at ! jubilee4 ,ex4 xxi4 #b-f2 ,deut4 xv4 #ab-ag4 ,! #bc;d v]se ( ! same *apt] is quot$ to prove t =ev] 9 ! #df? v]se ext5ds beyond ! jubilee4 ,! l& %all n be sold ,,=ev]1 = ! l& is m9e--s9ce x w\ld h>dly be us$ 9 diff]5t s5ses 9 ! same g5]al connection4 ,z =ev]1 9 ! #df? v]se1 respects ! g5]al arrangem5t1 & n individual s]vice ! objection does n t\* ! argum5t4 ,besides1 9 ! #df? v]se1 ! ^w us$ is ,olam1 mean+ ?r\gh\t ! p]iod1 :atev] t may be4 ,:]eas 9 ! #bc;d v]se1 x is ,tsemi?u?1 mean+1 a cutt+ (f1 or to be cut (f2 & ! import ( x is1 t ! own] ( an inh]itance %all n =feit 8 proprietor%ip ( x2 ?\gh x may = a "t pass f 8 control into ! h&s ( 8 cr$itors or o!rs1 yet ! own] %all be p]mitt$ to r$eem x1 & ev5 if t be n done1 x %all n be cut (f1 b %all rev]t to him at ! jubilee4 ,footnote ,a3 ,s f> f ! ,/rang]s n be+ releas$ by ! proclamation ( lib]ty on ! morn+ ( ! jubilee1 !y 7 ! only p]sons :o 71 z a body1 releas$ by x4 ,! rule regulat+ ! s]vice ( ,hebrew s]vants 01 ,six ye>s %all he s]ve1 & 9 ! sev5? ye> he %all g out free4 ,! free hold]s :o _h fall5 into decay1 & _h 9 consequ5ce mortgag$ _! inh]itances to _! m prosp]\s neighbors1 & become 9 "s sort _! s]vants1 7 releas$ by ! jubilee1 & aga9 resum$ _! inh]itances4 ,?is 0 ! only class ( ,jewi% s]vants 7& x c\ld n h be5 num]\s17 :i* 0 releas$ by ! jubilee2 all o!rs w5t out at ! close ( _! six ye>s' t]m4 #c4 ,,inh]itance ,,& ,,possession4 ,ye %all take !m z an ,,inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y to inh]it !m = a ,,possession4 ,?is1 z has be5 already rem>k$ ref]s to ! nations1 & n to ! individual s]vants procur$ f ! s5ations4 ,! hold+ ( s]vants z a possession is discuss$ at l>ge pp4 #dg-fd4 ,to :at is !re advanc$ we "h subjo9 a few brief consid]ations4 ,we h already %[n1 t s]vants c\ld n he held z a prop]ty possession1 & inh]itance2 t !y became su* ( _! own accord1 7 paid wages1 releas$ f _! regul> labor ne>ly half ! days 9 ea* ye>1 ?or\ghly in/ruct$ & protect$ 9 all _! p]sonal1 social1 & religi\s rights1 equally ) _! ma/]s4 ,all rema9+1 aft] ^! ample res]vations1 w\ld be small temptation1 ei!r to ! lu/ ( p[] or ( lucre2 a pr(itable possession & inh]itance1 truly6 ,:at if our ,am]ican slaves 7 all plac$ 9 j su* a condition6 ,alas1 = t s(t1 melodi\s circumlocution1 ,,our ,,peculi> species ( prop]ty6 ,v]ily1 emphasis w\ld be cad5ce1 & euphony & irony meet toge!r6 ,:at eag] snat*es at m]e words1 & bald te*nics1 irrespective ( connection1 pr9ciples ( con/ruction1 ,bible usages1 or limitations ( mean+ by o!r passages--& all to eke out su* a s5se z sanctifies exi/+ usages1 ?us mak+ ,god p&] = lu/4 ,! words nahal & nahala1 inh]it & inh]itance1 by no means necess>ily signify articles ( prop]ty4 ,! p answ]$ ! k+ & said1 we h none inh]itance 9 ! son ( ,jesse4 #b ,*ron4 x4 #af4 ,did !y mean gravely to disclaim ! hold+ ( _! k+ z an article ( prop]ty8 ,*ildr5 are an h]itage 7inh]itance7 ( ! ,"l4 ,ps4 cxxvii4 #c4 ,p>don our iniquity1 & take u = ?9e inh]itance4 ,ex4 xxxiv4 #i4 ,:5 ,god p>dons 8 enemies1 & adopts !m z *ildr51 does he make !m articles ( prop]ty8 ,are =giv5ess1 & *attel-mak+1 synonymes8 ,i am _! inh]itance4 ,ezek4 xliv4 #bh4 ,i %all give !e ! hea!n = ?9e inh]itance4 ,ps4 ii4 #ah4 ,see also ,deut4 iv4 #bj2 ,jo%4 xiii4 #cc2 ,ps4 lxxxii4 #h2 lxxviii4 #fb1 #ga2 ,prov4 xiv4 #ah4 ,! "q :e!r ! s]vants 7 a ,,prop]ty-possession1 has be5 already discuss$1 pp4 #dg-fd1 we ne$ add 9 ?is place b a ^w4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! condition ( s]vants f ! hea!n t 7 ! possession ( ,israeliti% families1 & ( ! way 9 :i* !y became s]vants1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,isa4 xiv4 #a1 #b4 ,= ! ,"l w h m]cy on ,jacob1 & w yet *oose ,israel1 & set !m 9 _! own l&2 & ! /rang]s w be jo9$ ) !m1 & !y %all ,,cleave to ! h\se ( ,jacob4 ,& ! p %all take !m & br+ !m to _! place1 & ! h\se ( ,israel %all possess !m 9 ! l& ( ! ,"l = s]vants & h&maids2 & !y %all take !m captives1 ^: captives !y 72 & !y %all rule ov] ! oppressors4 ,we le>n f ^! v]ses1 #a/4 ,t ^! s]vants :i* 7 to be possess$ by ! ,israelites1 7 to be jo9$ ) !m1 i4e41 become proselytes to _! religion4 #b;d4 ,t !y %\ld ,,cleave to ! h\se ( ,jacob1 i4e41 t !y w\ld =sake _! own p volunt>ily1 atta* !mselves to ! ,israelites z s]vants1 & ( _! own free *oice leave home & fri5ds1 to accompany !m on _! return1 & to take up _! p]man5t abode ) !m1 9 ! same mann] t ,ru? accompani$ ,naomi f ,moab to ! l& ( ,israel1 & t ! s\ls gott5 by ,abraham 9 ,padan>am1 accompani$ him :5 he left x & w5t to ,canaan4 ,& ! h\se ( ,israel %all possess !m = s]vants1 i4e4 %all h !m = s]vants4 ,9 ! passage "u consid]ation1 !y %all be y\r possession1 ! orig9al ^w translat$ possession is ahuzza4 ,! same ^w is us$ 9 ,g54 xlvii4 #aa4 ,& ,joseph plac$ 8 fa!r & 8 bre?r51 & gave !m a possession 9 ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,g54 xlvii4 #aa4 ,9 :at s5se 0 ,go%5 ! possession ( ! ,israelites8 ,answ]1 9 ! s5se ( hav+ x to live 91 n 9 ! s5se ( hav+ x z own]s4 ,9 :at s5se 7 ! ,israelites to possess ^! nations1 & take !m z an inh]itance = _! *ildr58 ,answ]1 !y possess$ !m z a p]man5t s\rce ( supply = dome/ic or h\sehold s]vants4 ,& ?is relation to ^! nations 0 to g d[n to po/]ity z a /&+ regulation1 hav+ ! c]ta9ty & regul>ity ( a desc5t by inh]itance4 ,! s5se ( ! :ole regulation may be giv5 ?us3 ,?y p]man5t dome/ics1 :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! nations t are r\nd ab\t y1 ( !m %all ye buy male & female dome/ics4 ,moreov] ( ! *ildr5 ( ! =eign]s t d soj\rn among y1 ( !m %all ye buy1 & ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y begat 9 y\r l&1 & !y %all be y\r p]man5t res\rce4 ,& ye %all take !m z a p]petual s\rce ( supply to :om y\r *ildr5 aft] y %all resort = s]vants4 ,,always1 ( !m %all ye s]ve y\rselves4 ,! design ( ! passage is manife/ f its /ructure4 ,s f> f be+ a p]mission to pur*ase slaves1 x 0 a prohibition to employ ,israelites = a c]ta9 t]m & 9 a c]ta9 grade ( s]vice1 & to po9t out ! class ( p]sons f :i* !y 7 to get _! supply ( s]vants1 & ! way 9 :i* !y 7 to get !m4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,rabbi ,lees]1 :o translat$ f ! ,g]man ! "w entitl$ ,in/ruction 9 ! ,mosaic ,religion by ,pr(essor ,jholson ( ! ,jewi% sem9>y at ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 9 8 comm5t on ^! v]ses1 says1 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t x 0 prohibit$ to ,,subject a ,/rang] to slav]y4 ,! buy+ ( slaves alone is p]mitt$1 b n /eal+ !m4 ,n[ :atev] we call t condition 9 :i* s]vants 71 :e!r s]vitude or slav]y1 & :atev] we call ! p]sons 9 t condition1 :e!r s]vants or slaves1 we h at all ev5ts1 ! te/imony t ! ,israelites 7 prohibit$ to subject a ,/rang] to t condition1 or 9 o!r words1 ! free *oice ( ! s]vant 0 n to be compell$4 ,,objection ,,iv4 ,if ?y bro!r t dwelle? by !e be wax5 poor1 & be sold unto !e1 ?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a ,,bond-,,s]vant b z an ,,hir$-,,s]vant1 & z a soj\rn] %all he be ) !e1 & %all s]ve !e unto ! ye> ( jubilee4 ,lev4 xxv4 #ci1 #dj4 ,z only "o class is call$ hir$1 x is inf]r$ t s]vants ( ! o!r class 7 n paid = _! labor4 ,t ,god1 :ile ?und]+ ana!mas aga9/ ^? :o us$ _! neighbor's s]vice )\t wages1 grant$ a special indulg5ce to 8 *os5 p to =ce o!rs to "w1 & rob !m ( e>n+s1 provid$ always1 9 select+ _! victims1 !y sp>$ ! g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+1 & p\nc$ only ^u ! /rang]s & ! common p4 ,! inf]5ce t hir$ is synonym\s ) paid1 & t ^? s]vants n call$ hir$1 7 n paid = _! labor1 is a m]e assumption4 ,! mean+ ( ! ,engli% v]b to hire1 is to procure = a tempor>y use at a c]ta9 price--to engage a p]son to tempor>y s]vice = wages4 ,t is also ! mean+ ( ! ,hebrew ^w sauk>4 ,x is n us$ :5 ! procurem5t ( p]man5t s]vice is spok5 (4 ,n[1 we ask1 w\ld p]man5t s]vants1 ^? :o con/itut$ a /ation>y "p ( ! family1 h be5 designat$ by ! same t]m t m>ks tempor>y s]vants8 ,! e-day di/9ctions 9 ?is matt]1 are famili> z table-talk4 ,9 _m families ! dome/ics p]=m only ! regul> "w4 ,:atev] is occasional m]ely1 z ! wa%+ ( a family1 is done by p]sons hir$ expressly = ! purpose4 ,! famili> di/9ction betwe5 ! two classes1 is s]vants1 & hir$ help1 7n paid help47 ,bo? classes are paid4 ,"o is p]man5t1 & ! o!r occasional & tempor>y1 & !re=e 9 ?is case call$ hir$4,a ,a v>iety ( p>ticul>s are record$ di/+ui%+1 hir$ f b\ght s]vants4 #a4 ,hir$ s]vants 7 paid daily at ! close ( _! "w4 ,lev4 xix4 #ac2 ,deut4 xxiv4 #ad1 #ae2 ,job4 vii4 #b2 ,matt4 xx4 #h4 ,b\ght s]vants 7 paid 9 advance1 7a reason = _! be+ call$ b\ght17 & ^? t w5t out at ! sev5? ye> receiv$ a gratuity4 ,deut4 xv4 #ab1 #ac4 #b4 ,! hir$ 7 paid 9 money1 ! b\ght receiv$ _! gratuity1 at lea/1 9 gra91 cattle1 & ! product ( ! v9tage4 ,deut4 xv4 #ad4 #c4 ,! hir$ liv$ 9 _! own families1 ! b\ght 7 a "p ( _! ma/]s' families4 #d4 ,! hir$ support$ _! families out ( _! wages2 ! b\ght & _! families 7 support$ by ! ma/] beside _! wages4 #e4 ,hir$ s]vants 7 expect$ to "w m con/antly1 & to h m work+ h\rs 9 ! day ?an ! b\ght s]vants4 ,?is we inf] f ! fact1 t a hirel+'s day1 0 a sort ( prov]bial phrase1 mean+ a full day4 ,no subtraction ( "t be+ made f x4 ,s a hirel+'s ye> signifies an entire ye> )\t abatem5t4 ,job4 vii4 #a2 xiv4 #f2 ,isa4 xvi4 #ad2 xxi4 #af4 ,footnote ,a3 ,to suppose a s]vant robb$ ( 8 e>n+s because he is n call$ a hir$ s]vant1 is pr(\nd induction6 ,if ,i employ a man at twelve doll>s a mon? to "w my f>m1 he is my hir$ man1 b if ,i give him su* a portion ( ! crop1 or 9 o!r words1 if he works my f>m on %>es1 e f>m] kn[s t he is no long] call$ a hir$ man4 ,yet he works ! same f>m1 9 ! same way1 at ! same times1 & ) ! same teams & tools2 & does ! same am\nt ( "w 9 ! ye>1 & p]haps cle>s tw5ty doll>s a mon?1 in/ead ( twelve4 ,n[ z he is no long] call$ hir$1 & z he /ill works my f>m1 suppose my neighbors sagely inf]1 t s9ce he is n my hir$ labor]1 ,i rob him ( 8 e>n+s1 & ) all ! gravity ( owls1 pron\nce _! oracul> decision1 & hoot x abroad4 ,my neighbors are deep div]s6 l "s !ological pr(essors1 !y g n only to ! bottom b come up cov]$ ) ! tok5s4 ,! b\ght s]vants1 71 z a class1 sup]ior to ! hir$--7 m tru/-wor?y1 7 held 9 high] e/imation1 _h great] privileges1 & occupi$ a m elevat$ /ation 9 society4 #a4 ,!y 7 intimately incorporat$ ) ! family ( ! ma/]1 7 gue/s at family fe/ivals1 & social solemnities1 f :i* hir$ s]vants 7 exclud$4 ,lev4 xxii4 #aj1 #aa2 ,ex4 xii4 #dc1 #de4 #b4 ,_! int]e/s 7 f> m id5tifi$ ) ^? ( _! ma/]s' family4 ,!y 7 (t51 actually or prospectively1 heirs ( _! ma/]s' e/ates1 z 9 ! case ( ,eliez]1 ( ,ziba1 & ! sons ( ,bilhah1 & ,zilpah4 ,:5 !re 7 no sons1 or :5 !y 7 unwor?y1 b\ght s]vants 7 made heirs4 ,prov4 xvii4 #b4 ,we f9d traces ( ?is usage 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b :5 ! husb&m5 saw him1 !y reason$ among !mselves say+1 ?is is ! heir1 come let u kill him1 t ! inh]itance may be ours4 ,luke xx4 #ad4 ,9 no in/ance does a hir$ s]vant inh]it 8 ma/]'s e/ate4 #c4 ,m>riages took place betwe5 s]vants & _! ma/]'s daught]s4 ,%e%an _h a s]vant1 an ,egyptian1 ^: "n 0 ,j>ha4 ,& ,%e%an gave 8 daught] to ,j>ha 8 s]vant to wife4 #a ,*ron4 ii4 #cd1 #ce4 ,!re is no in/ance ( a hir$ s]vant =m+ su* an alliance4 #d4 ,b\ght s]vants & _! desc5dants 7 treat$ ) ! same affection & respect z ! o!r memb]s ( ! family4,a ,! treatm5t ( ,abraham's s]vants4 ,g54 xxiv4 & xviii4 #a-g2 ! int]c\rse betwe5 ,gideon & ,phurah ,judg4 vii4 #aj1 #aa2 ,saul & 8 s]vant1 #a ,sam4 ix4 #e1 #bb2 ,jona?an & 8 s]vant1 #a ,sam4 xiv4 #a-ad1 & ,eli%a & ,gehazi are illu/rations4 ,! t5d]ness ex]cis$ t[>ds home-born s]vants or ! *ildr5 ( h&maids1 & ! /r5g? ( ! tie t b\nd !m to ! family1 are employ$ by ! ,psalmi/ to illu/rate ! reg>d ( ,god = him1 8 c>e ov] him1 & 8 own ende>+ relation to him1 :5 9 ! la/ extremity he prays1 ,save ! son ( ?y h&maid4 ,ps4 lxxxvi4 #af4 ,s also 9 ,ps4 cxvi4 #af4 ,oh ,"l1 truly ,i am ?y s]vant2 ,i am ?y s]vant1 & ! son ( ?y h&maid4 ,also1 ,j]4 ii4 #ad4 ,is ,israel a s]vant8 ,is he a home-born8,b ,,:y ,,is ,,he ,,spoil$8 ,no su* tie seems to h exi/$ betwe5 hir$ s]vants & _! ma/]s4 ,_! untru/wor?9ess 0 prov]bial4 ,john x4 #ab1 #ac4 ,!y 7 reckon$ at b half ! value ( b\ght s]vants4 ,deut4 xv4 #ah4 ,none b ! l[e/ class ( ! p engag$ z hir$ s]vants1 & ! k9ds ( labor assign$ to !m requir$ little k & skill4 ,no p]sons seem to h become hir$ s]vants except su* z 7 =c$ to x f extreme pov]ty4 ,! hir$ s]vant is call$ poor & ne$y1 & ! reason assign$ by ,god :y he %\ld be paid z soon z he _h f9i%$ 8 "w is1 ,= he is poor1 & sette? 8 he>t ^u x4 ,deut4 xxiv4 #ad1 #ae4 ,see also1 #a ,sam4 ii4 #e4 ,v>i\s passages %[ ! l[ repute & trifl+ "* ( ! class f :i* !y 7 hir$4 ,judg4 ix4 #d2 #a ,sam4 ii4 #e4 ,! sup]ior condition ( b\ght s]vants is manife/ 9 ! high tru/ confid$ to !m1 & 9 _! dignity & au?ority 9 ! h\sehold4 ,9 no in/ance is a hir$ s]vant ?us di/+ui%$4 ,! b\ght s]vant is manife/ly ! ma/]'s repres5tative 9 ! family1 sometimes ) pl5ipot5ti>y p[]s ov] adult *ildr51 ev5 negotiat+ m>riage = !m4 ,abraham adjur$ 8 s]vant1 n to take a wife = ,isaac ( ! daught]s ( ! ,canaanites4 ,! s]vant himself select$ ! individual4 ,s]vants ex]cis$ discretion>y p[] 9 ! managem5t ( _! ma/]s' e/ates1 ,& ! s]vant took t5 camels ( ! camels ( 8 ma/]1 = all ! goods ( 8 ma/] 7 9 8 h&4 ,g54 xxiv4 #aj4 ,! reason assign$ is n t su* 0 ,abraham's direction1 b t ! s]vant _h discretion>y control4 ,s]vants _h also discretion>y p[] 9 ! disposal ( prop]ty4 ,g54 xxiv4 #bb1 #cj1 #ec4 ,! condition ( ,ziba 9 ! h\se ( ,mephibo%e?1 is a case 9 po9t4 ,s is ,prov4 xvii4 #b4 ,di/9ct traces ( ?is e/imation are to be f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,matt4 xxiv4 #de2 ,luke xii4 #db1 #dd4 ,s 9 ! p>able ( ! tal5ts1 ! ma/] seems to h set up ea* ( 8 s]vants 9 trade ) a l>ge capital4 ,! unju/ /ew>d _h l>ge discretion>y p[]1 0 accus$ ( wa/+ 8 ma/]'s goods1 & manife/ly regulat$ ) 8 debtors ! t]ms ( settlem5t4 ,luke xvi4 #d-h4 ,su* tru/s 7 nev] repos$ 9 hir$ s]vants4 ,footnote ,a3 ,= ! pur*as$ s]vant :o is an ,israelite1 or proselyte1 %all f>e z 8 ma/]4 ,! ma/] %all n eat f9e bread1 & 8 s]vant bread ( bran4 ,nor yet dr9k old w9e1 & give 8 s]vant new3 nor sleep on s(t pill[s1 & b$d+1 & 8 s]vant on /raw4 ,i say unto y1 t he t gets a pur*as$ s]vant does well to make him z 8 fri5d1 or he w prove to 8 employ] z if he got himself a ma/]4--,maimonides1 9 ,mi%na ,kiddu%im4 ,*ap4 #a1 ,sec4 #b4 ,footnote ,b3 ,our translators 9 r5d]+ x ,is he a home-born ,,slave1 7 wise beyond :at is writt54 ,! inf]ior condition ( hir$ s]vants1 is illu/rat$ 9 ! p>able ( ! prodigal son4 ,:5 he came to himself1 ! memory ( 8 home1 & ( ! abundance enjoy$ by ev5 ! l[e/ class ( s]vants 9 8 fa!r's h\sehold1 :ile he 0 p]i%+ ) hung] among ! sw9e & husks1 s fill$ him ) angui% at ! contra/1 t he exclaim$1 ,h[ _m hir$ s]vants ( my fa!r1 h bread en\gh & to sp>e1 & ,i p]i% ) hung]4 ,8 pr\d he>t broke4 ,i w arise1 he cri$1 & g to my fa!r2 & !n to assure 8 fa!r ( ! dep? ( 8 humility1 resolv$ to add2 ,make me z "o ( ?y hir$ s]vants4 ,if hir$ s]vants 7 ! sup]ior class--to bespeak ! situation1 savor$ little ( t s5se ( unwor?9ess t seeks ! du/ ) hidd5 face1 & cries unclean4 ,unhumbl$ nature climbs2 or if x falls1 cl+s fa/1 :]e fir/ x may4 ,humility s9ks ( its own weight1 & 9 ! l[e/ deep1 digs l[]4 ,! design ( ! p>able 0 to illu/rate on ! "o h&1 ! joy ( ,god1 z he beholds af> (f1 ! return+ s9n] seek+ an injur$ fa!r's face1 :o runs to clasp & bless him ) an un*id+ welcome2 & on ! o!r1 ! contrition ( ! p5it5t1 turn+ homew>d ) te>s f 8 w&]+s1 8 /rick5 _s break+ ) its ill-des]t he sobs al\d1 ,! l[e/ place1 ! l[e/ place1 ,i c abide no o!r4 ,or 9 ^? inimitable words1 ,fa!r ,i h s9n$ aga9/ ,heav51 & 9 ?y sight1 & am no m wor?y to be call$ ?y son2 make me z "o ( ?y ,,hir$ s]vants4 ,! supposition t hir$ s]vants 7 ! highe/ class1 takes f ! p>able an elem5t ( w9n+ beauty & pa?os4 ,x is manife/ to e c>eful /ud5t ( ! ,bible1 t "o class ( s]vants1 0 on t]ms ( equality ) ! *ildr5 & o!r memb]s ( ! family4 ,h5ce ! =ce ( ,paul's decl>ation1 ,gal4 iv4 #a1 ,n[ ,i say unto y1 t ! heir1 s long z he is a *ild1 ,,diff]e? ,,no?+ ,,f ,a ,,s]vant1 ?\gh he be "l ( all4 ,if ?is 7 ! hir$ class1 ! prodigal 0 a sorry specim5 ( humility4 ,w\ld our ,"l h put su* language ^u ! lips ( "o held up by himself1 z a model ( gospel humility1 to illu/rate its deep s5se ( all ill-des]t8 ,if ?is is humility1 put x on /ilts1 & set x a /rutt+1 :ile pride takes lessons1 & blund]s 9 ap+ x4 ,israelites & ,/rang]s belong$ indiscrim9ately to ea* class ( ! s]vants1 ! b\ght & ! hir$4 ,t ^? 9 ! =m] class1 :e!r ,jews or ,/rang]s1 rose to honors & au?ority 9 ! family circle1 :i* 7 n conf]r$ on hir$ s]vants1 has be5 %[n4 ,x %\ld be add$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! enjoym5t ( privileges1 m]ely political1 ! hir$ s]vants f ! ,israelites1 7 m favor$ ?an ev5 ! b\ght s]vants f ! ,/rang]s4 ,no "o f ! ,/rang]s1 h[ev] weal?y or highly end[$1 0 eligible to ! highe/ (fice1 nor c\ld he own ! soil4 ,?is la/ disability seems to h be5 "o reason = ! diff]5t p]iods ( s]vice requir$ ( ! two classes ( b\ght s]vants4 ,! ,israelite 0 to s]ve six ye>s--! ,/rang] until ! jubilee4 ,z ! ,/rang]s c\ld n own ! soil1 nor h\ses1 except )9 wall$ t[ns1 !y w\ld naturally atta* !mselves to ,israeliti% families4 ,^? :o 7 weal?y1 or skill$ 9 manufactures1 in/ead ( becom+ s]vants w\ld ne$ s]vants = _! own use1 & z inducem5ts = ! ,/rang]s to become s]vants to ! ,israelites1 7 great] ?an p]sons ( _! own nation c\ld hold out to !m1 ^! weal?y ,/rang]s w\ld naturally procure ! poor] ,israelites = s]vants4 ,lev4 xxv4 #dg4 ,9 a ^w1 su* 0 ! political condition ( ! ,/rang]s1 t ! ,jewi% polity (f]$ a virtual b\nty1 to su* z w\ld become p]man5t s]vants1 & ?us secure ^? privileges already enum]at$1 & = _! *ildr5 9 ! second g5]ation a p]man5t inh]itance4 ,ezek4 xlvii4 #ba-bc4 ,none b ! moni$ ari/ocracy w\ld be likely to decl9e su* (f]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,israelites1 own+ all ! soil1 & an inh]itance ( l& be+ a sacr$ possession1 to hold x free ( incumbrance 0 ) e ,israelite1 a delicate po9t1 bo? ( family honor & p]sonal "*4 #a ,k+s xxi4 #c4 ,h5ce1 to =ego ! control ( "o's inh]itance1 aft] ! division ( ! pat]nal doma91 or to be kept out ( x aft] hav+ acc$$ to x1 0 a burd5 griev\s to be borne4 ,to mitigate z mu* z possible su* a calamity1 ! law releas$ ! ,israeliti% s]vant at ! end ( six,a ye>s2 z1 dur+ t "t--if ( ! fir/ class--! p>tition ( ! patrimonial l& might h tak5 place or1 if ( ! second1 en\gh money might h be5 e>n$ to dis5cumb] 8 e/ate1 & ?us he might assume 8 /ation z a "l ( ! soil4 ,if nei!r cont+5cy _h occurr$1 !n aft] ano!r six ye>s ! opportunity 0 aga9 (f]$1 & s on1 until ! jubilee4 ,s :ile /rong motives urg$ ! ,israelite to discont9ue 8 s]vice z soon z ! exig5cy _h pass$ :i* made him a s]vant1 e consid]ation impell$ ! ,/rang] to prolong 8 t]m ( s]vice2,b & ! same k9dness :i* dictat$ ! law ( six ye>s' s]vice = ! ,israelite1 assign$ z ! g5]al rule1 a mu* long] p]iod to ! ,g5tile s]vant1 :o _h e inducem5t to protract ! t]m4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 t adult ,jews ord9>ily became s]vants1 only z a tempor>y exp$i5t to relieve !mselves f emb>rassm5t1 & ceas$ to be su* :5 t object 0 effect$4 ,! pov]ty t =c$ !m to x 0 a calamity1 & _! s]vice 0 ei!r a means ( relief1 or a measure ( prev5tion2 n pursu$ z a p]man5t bus9ess1 b resort$ to on em]g5cies--a sort ( episode 9 ! ma9 scope ( _! lives4 ,:]eas ) ! ,/rang]1 x 0 a p]man5t employm5t1 pursu$ bo? z a means ( bett]+ _! own condition1 & t ( _! po/]ity1 & z an end = its own sake1 conf]r+ on !m privileges1 & a social e/imation n o!rwise atta9able4 ,footnote ,a3 ,ano!r reason = protract+ ! s]vice until ! sev5? ye>1 seems to h be5 ! co9cid5ce ( t p]iod ) o!r arrangem5ts1 9 ! ,jewi% economy4 ,its pecuni>y responsibilities1 social relations1 & g5]al int]nal /ructure1 7 graduat$ ^u a sept5nial scale4 ,besides1 z ^? ,israelites :o _h become s]vants ?r\gh pov]ty1 w\ld n sell !mselves1 till o!r exp$i5ts to recruit _! f9ances _h fail$--7,lev4 xxv4 #ce7--_! becom+ s]vants proclaim$ su* a /ate ( _! affairs1 z dem&$ ! labor ( a c\rse ( ye>s fully to re9/ate !m4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! ,/rang] _h ! same inducem5ts to pref] a long t]m ( s]vice t ^? h :o _c own l&1 to pref] a long lease4 ,we see f ! =ego+1 :y s]vants pur*as$ f ! hea!n1 are call$ by way ( di/9ction1 ! s]vants1 7n bondm517 #a4 ,!y foll[$ x z a p]man5t bus9ess4 #b4 ,_! t]m ( s]vice 0 mu* long] ?an t ( ! o!r class4 #c4 ,z a class1 !y d\btless greatly outnumb]$ ! ,israeliti% s]vants4 #d4 ,all ! ,/rang]s t dwelt 9 ! l& 7 tribut>ies1 requir$ to pay an annual tax to ! gov]nm5t1 ei!r 9 money1 or 9 public s]vice1 7call$ a tribute ( bond-s]vice27 9 o!r words1 all ! ,/rang]s 7 national s]vants1 to ! ,israelites1 & ! same ,hebrew ^w us$ to designate individual s]vants1 equally designates national s]vants or tribut>ies4 #b ,sam4 viii4 #b1 #f1 #ad2 #b ,*ron4 viii4 #g-i2 ,deut1 xx4 #aa2 #b ,sam4 x4 #ai2 #a ,k+s ix4 #ba1 #bb2 #a ,k+s iv4 #ba2 ,g54 xxvii4 #bi4 ,! same ^w is appli$ to ! ,israelites1 :5 !y paid tribute to o!r nations4 #b ,k+s xvii4 #c42 ,judg4 iii4 #h1 #ad2 ,g54 xlix4 #ae4 ,ano!r di/9ction betwe5 ! ,jewi% & ,g5tile b\ght s]vants1 0 9 _! k9ds ( s]vice4 ,! s]vants f ! ,/rang]s 7 prop]ly ! dome/ics1 or h\sehold s]vants1 employ$ 9 all family "w1 9 (fices ( p]sonal att5dance1 & 9 su* me*anical labor1 z 0 requir$ by increas+ wants & ne$$ repairs4 ,! ,jewi% b\ght s]vants seem almo/ exclusively agricultural4 ,besides be+ bett] fitt$ = x by previ\s habits1 agriculture1 & ! t5d+ ( cattle1 7 reg>d$ by ! ,israelites z ! mo/ honorable ( all occupations4 ,aft] ,saul 0 elect$ k+1 & escort$ to ,gibeah1 ! next report ( him is1 ,& behold ,saul came aft] ! h]d out ( ! field4 #a ,sam4 xi4 #e4 ,eli%a 0 pl[+ ) twelve yoke ( ox54 #a ,k+s xix4 #ai4 ,k+ ,uzziah lov$ husb&ry4 #b ,*ron4 xxvi4 #aj4 ,gideon 0 ?re%+ :eat :5 call$ to lead ! ho/ aga9/ ! ,midianites4 ,judg4 vi4 #aa4 ,! sup]ior honorabl5ess ( agriculture is %[n1 9 t x 0 protect$ & support$ by ! fundam5tal law ( ! !ocracy--,god indicat+ x z ! *ief prop ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,israelites 7 l p]man5t fixtures on _! soil1 s did !y cl+ to x4 ,to be agriculturi/s on _! own patrimonial inh]itances1 0 ) !m ! gr& claim to honorable e/imation4 ,:5 ,ahab propos$ to ,nabo? t he %\ld sell him 8 v9ey>d1 k+ ?\gh he 01 he might well h anticipat$ f an ,israeliti% freehold]1 j su* an indignant bur/ z t :i* 8 proposal drew =?1 ,& ,nabo? said to ,ahab1 ! ,"l =bid x me t ,i %\ld give ! inh]itance ( my fa!rs unto !e4 #a ,k+s xxi4 #b1 #c4 ,agriculture be+ pre-em95tly a ,jewi% employm5t1 to assign a native ,israelite to o!r employm5ts z a bus9ess1 0 to break up 8 habits1 d viol5ce to *]i%$ pr$ilections1 & put him to a k9d ( labor 9 :i* he _h no skill1 & :i* he deem$ degrad+4,c ,9 %ort1 x 0 9 ! e>li] ages ( ! ,mosaic sy/em1 practically to unjew him1 a h>d%ip & a rigor griev\s to be borne1 z x annihilat$ a visible di/9ction betwe5 ! desc5dants ( ,abraham & ! ,/rang]s4 ,to gu>d ?is & ano!r fundam5tal di/9ction1 ,god in/itut$ ! regulation1 ,if ?y bro!r t dwelle? by !e be wax5 poor1 & be sold unto !e1 ?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant4 ,9 o!r words1 ?\ %alt n put him to s]vant's "w--to ! bus9ess1 & into ! condition ( dome/ics4 ,9 ! ,p]sian v]sion x is translat$1 ,?\ %alt n assign to him ! "w ( s]vitude4 ,9 ! ,septuag9t1 ,he %all n s]ve !e ) ! s]vice ( a dome/ic4 ,9 ! ,syriac1 ,?\ %alt n employ him aft] ! mann] ( s]vants4 ,9 ! ,sam>itan1 ,?\ %alt n require him to s]ve 9 ! s]vice ( a s]vant4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,onkelos1 ,he %all n s]ve !e ) ! s]vice ( a h\sehold s]vant4 ,9 ! ,t>gum ( ,jona?an1 ,?\ %alt n cause him to s]ve accord+ to ! usages ( ! s]vitude ( s]vants4,d ,! mean+ ( ! passage is1 ?\ %alt n assign him to ! same grade1 nor put him to ! same s]vice1 ) p]man5t dome/ics4 ,! rema9d] ( ! regulation is--,b z an hir$ s]vant & z a soj\rn] %all he be ) !e4 ,hir$ s]vants 7 n incorporat$ into ! families ( _! ma/]s2 !y /ill reta9$ _! own family organization1 )\t ! surr5d] ( any dome/ic privilege1 honor1 or au?ority2 & ?is1 ev5 ?\gh !y resid$ "u ! same ro( ) _! ma/]4 ,! same sub/antially may be said ( ! soj\rn] ?\gh he 0 n ! own] ( ! l& :i* he cultivat$1 & ( c\rse _h n ! control ( an inh]itance1 yet he 0 n 9 a condition t impli$ subjection to him ^: l& he till$1 or t dem&$ ! surr5d] ( any "r1 or exact$ f him any homage1 or /amp$ him ) any inf]iority2 unless1 x be suppos$ t a degree ( inf]iority w\ld naturally atta* to a /ate ( dep5d5ce h[ev] qualifi$4 ,:ile b\ght s]vants 7 associat$ ) _! ma/]'s families at meals1 at ! ,passov]1 & at o!r family fe/ivals1 hir$ s]vants & soj\rn]s 7 n4 ,ex4 xii4 #dd1 #de2 ,lev4 xxii4 #aj1 #aa4 ,hir$ s]vants 7 n subject to ! au?ority ( _! ma/]s 9 any su* s5se z ! ma/]'s wife1 *ildr51 & b\ght s]vants4 ,h5ce ! only =m ( oppress+ hir$ s]vants spok5 ( 9 ! ,scriptures z practicable to ma/]s1 is t ( keep+ back _! wages4 ,to h tak5 away su* privileges 9 ! case "u consid]ation1 w\ld h be5 pre-em95t rigor2 = x 0 n a s]vant born 9 ! h\se ( a ma/]1 nor a m9or1 ^: m9ority _h be5 sold by ! fa!r1 nei!r 0 x "o :o _h n yet acc$$ to 8 inh]itance1 nor f9ally1 "o :o _h receiv$ ! assignm5t ( 8 inh]itance1 b 0 work+ (f f x an incumbrance1 be=e ent]+ ^u its possession & control4 ,b x 0 t ( ! head ( a family1 :o _h kn[n bett] days1 n[ r$uc$ to pov]ty1 =c$ to rel9qui% ! lov$ inh]itance ( 8 fa!rs1 ) ! compet5ce & respectful consid]ation its possession secur$ to him1 & to be indebt$ to a neighbor = %elt]1 su/5ance1 & employm5t4 ,s sad a rev]se1 might well claim sympa?y2 b "o consolation *e]s him 9 ! h\se ( 8 pilgrimage2 he is an ,israelite--,abraham is 8 fa!r & n[ 9 8 calamity he cl+s clos] ?an ev]1 to ! di/9ction conf]r$ by 8 bir?-"r4 ,to rob him ( ?is1 7 ! unk9de/ cut ( all4 ,to h assign$ him to a grade ( s]vice fill$ only by ^? ^: p]man5t bus9ess 0 s]v+1 w\ld h be5 to rule ov] him ) peculi> rigor4 ,?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant1 or lit]ally1 ?\ %alt n s]ve ?yself ) him1 ) ! s]vice ( a s]vant1 gu>anties 8 political privileges1 & a k9d & grade ( s]vice comport+ ) 8 "* & relations z an ,israelite4 ,& z a hir$ s]vant1 & z a soj\rn] %all he be ) !e1 secures to him 8 family organization1 ! respect & au?ority due to its head1 & ! g5]al consid]ation result+ f su* a /ation4 ,be+ already 9 possession ( 8 inh]itance1 & ! head ( a h\sehold1 ! law s arrang$ ! conditions ( 8 s]vice z to alleviate z mu* z possible ! calamity :i* _h r$uc$ him f indep5d5ce & au?ority1 to p5ury & subjection4 ,! import ( ! comm& :i* concludes ?is topic 9 ! =ty-?ird v]se1 7,?\ %alt n rule ov] him ) rigor17 is manife/ly ?is1 y %all n disreg>d ^? diff]5ces 9 previ\s associations1 /ation1 au?ority1 & political privileges1 ^u :i* ?is regulation is bas$2 = to hold ?is class ( s]vants irrespective ( ^! di/9ctions1 & annihilat+ !m1 is to rule ) rigor4 ,! same comm& is repeat$ 9 ! =ty-six? v]se1 & appli$ to ! di/9ction betwe5 s]vants ( ,jewi%1 & ^? ( ,g5tile extraction1 & =bids ! ov]look+ ( di/9ctive ,jewi% peculi>ities1 ! disreg>d ( :i* w\ld be rigor\s 9 ! extreme4,e ,! con/ruction commonly put ^u ! phrase rule ) rigor1 & ! inf]5ce drawn f x1 h an air va/ly oracul>4 ,x is int]pret$ to mean1 y %all n make him a *attel1 & /rip him ( legal protection1 nor =ce him to "w )\t pay4 ,! inf]5ce is l unto x1 viz41 s9ce ! comm& =bade su* outrages ^u ! ,israelites1 x p]mitt$ & commission$ _! infliction ^u ! ,/rang]s4 ,su* impi\s & %all[ smatt]+ captivates sc(f]s & lib]t9es2 its flippancy & blasphemy1 & ! /rong sc5t ( its loose-re9$ lic5se works l a *>m ^u !m4 ,:at boots x to reason aga9/ su* rampant aff9ities6 ,9 ,ex4 i4 #ac1 x is said t ! ,egyptians1 made ! *ildr5 ( ,israel to s]ve ) rigor4 ,?is rigor is affirm$ ( ! am\nt ( labor extort$ & ! mode ( ! exaction4 ,! expression s]ve ) rigor1 is nev] appli$ to ! s]vice ( s]vants "u ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,! phrase1 ?\ %all n ,,rule ov] him ) rigor1 does n prohibit unreasonable exactions ( labor1 nor inflictions ( cruelty4 ,su* 7 provid$ aga9/ o!rwise4 ,b x =bids conf\nd+ ! di/9ctions betwe5 a ,jew & a ,/rang]1 by assign+ ! =m] to ! same grade ( s]vice1 = ! same t]m ( "t & "u ! same political disabilities z ! latt]4 ,footnote ,c3 ,! ,babyloni% captivity seems to h greatly modifi$ ,jewi% usage 9 ?is respect4 ,be=e t ev5t1 _! cities 7 comp>atively small1 & few 7 engag$ 9 me*anical or m]cantile employm5ts4 ,aft]w>d _! cities enl>g$ apace & trades multipli$4 ,footnote ,d3 ,j>*i's comm5t on ,?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant is1 ,! ,hebrew s]vant is n to be requir$ to d any ?+ :i* is acc\nt$ degrad+--su* z all (fices ( p]sonal att5dance1 z loos+ 8 ma/]'s %oe-lat*et1 br++ him wat] to wa% 8 h&s & feet1 wait+ on him at table1 dress+ him1 c>ry+ ?+s to & f ! ba?4 ,! ,hebrew s]vant is to "w ) 8 ma/] z a son or bro!r1 9 ! bus9ess ( 8 f>m1 or o!r labor1 until 8 legal release4 ,footnote ,e3 ,! disabilities ( ! ,/rang]s1 :i* 7 di/9ctions1 bas$ on a diff]5t national desc5t1 & important to ! pres]vation ( nation *>act]i/ics1 & a national wor%ip1 did n at all affect _! social e/imation4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ accord+ to _! "* & wor? z p]sons1 irrespective ( _! =eign orig91 employm5ts & political condition4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to review at a glance1 ! condition ( ! diff]5t classes ( s]vants1 ) ! modifications peculi> to ea*4 ,9 ! possession ( all fundam5tal rights1 all classes ( s]vants 7 on an absolute equality1 all 7 equally protect$ by law 9 _! p]sons1 "*1 prop]ty & social relations2 all 7 volunt>y1 all 7 comp5sat$ = _! labor1 & releas$ f x ne>ly "o half ( ! days 9 ea* ye>2 all 7 furni%$ ) /at$ in/ruction2 none 9 ei!r class 7 9 any s5se articles ( prop]ty1 all 7 reg>d$ z m51 ) ! rights1 int]e/s1 hopes & de/9ies ( m54 ,9 all ^! respects1 all classes ( s]vants among ! ,israelites1 =m$ b ,,"o ,,class4 ,! diff]5t classes1 & ! diff]5ces 9 ea* class1 71 #a4 ,hir$ ,s]vants4 ,?is class consi/$ bo? ( ,israelites & ,/rang]s4 ,_! employm5ts 7 diff]5t4 ,! ,israelite 0 an agricultural s]vant4 ,! ,/rang] 0 a dome/ic & p]sonal s]vant1 & 9 "s in/ances me*anical2 bo? 7 occasional & tempor>y4 ,bo? liv$ 9 _! own families1 _! wages 7 money1 & !y 7 paid :5 _! "w 0 done4 #b4 ,b\ght ,s]vants1 7includ+ ^? born 9 ! h\se47 ,?is class also1 consi/$ ( ,israelites & ,/rang]s1 ! same diff]5ce 9 _! k9ds ( employm5t z notic$ be=e4 ,bo? 7 paid 9 advance1,a & nei!r 0 tempor>y4 ,! ,israeliti% s]vant1 ) ! exception ( ! freehold]1 complet$ 8 t]m 9 six ye>s4 ,! ,/rang] 0 a p]man5t s]vant1 cont9u+ until ! jubilee4 ,a m>k$ di/9ction obta9$ also betwe5 diff]5t classes ( ,jewi% b\ght s]vants4 ,ord9>ily1 !y 7 m]g$ 9 _! ma/]'s family1 &1 l 8 wife & *ildr51 subject to 8 au?ority2 7&1 l !m1 protect$ by law f its abuse47 ,b ! freehold] 0 an exception2 8 family relations & au?ority rema9$ unaffect$1 nor 0 he subject$ z an inf]ior to ! control ( 8 ma/]1 ?\gh dep5d5t on him = employm5t4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! paym5t 9 advance1 d\btless less5$ ! price ( ! pur*ase2 ! s]vant ?us hav+ ! use ( ! money1 & ! ma/] assum+ all ! risks ( life1 & heal? = labor2 at ! expiration ( ! six ye>s' contract1 ! ma/] hav+ suff]$ no loss f ! risk incurr$ at ! mak+ ( x1 0 oblig$ by law to release ! s]vant ) a lib]al gratuity4 ,! reason assign$ = ?is is1 he ha? be5 wor? a d\ble hir$ s]vant unto !e 9 s]v+ !e six ye>s1 z if x _h be5 said1 z y h exp]i5c$ no loss f ! risks ( life1 & ability to labor1 incurr$ 9 ! pur*ase1 & :i* less5$ ! price1 & z1 by be+ y\r s]vant = six ye>s1 he has sav$ y ! "t & tr\ble ( look+ up & hir+ labor]s on em]g5cies1 !re=e1 ?\ %alt furni% him lib]ally1 c4 ,?is gratuity at ! close ( ! s]vice %ews ! pr9ciple ( ! relation2 equival5t = value receiv$4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 m9d1 t bo? classes ( s]vants1 ! ,israelite & ! ,/rang]1 n only enjoy$ equal1 natural & religi\s rights1 b all ! civil & political privileges enjoy$ by ^? ( _! own p :o 7 n s]vants4 ,!y also %>$ 9 common ) !m ! political disabilities :i* app]ta9$ to all ,/rang]s1 :e!r s]vants ( ,jewi% ma/]s1 or ma/]s ( ,jewi% s]vants4 ,fur!r1 ! disabilities ( ! s]vants f ! ,/rang]s 7 exclusively political & national4 #a4 ,!y1 9 common ) all ,/rang]s1 c\ld n own ! soil4 #b4 ,!y 7 ineligible to civil (fices4 #c4 ,!y 7 assign$ to employm5ts less honorable ?an ^? 9 :i* ,israeliti% s]vants engag$2 agriculture be+ reg>d$ z fundam5tal to ! exi/5ce ( ! /ate1 o!r employm5ts 7 9 less repute1 & deem$ unjewi%4 ,f9ally1 ! ,/rang]s1 :e!r s]vants or ma/]s1 7 all protect$ equally ) ! desc5dants ( ,abraham4 ,9 respect to political privileges1 _! condition 0 mu* l t ( unnaturaliz$ =eign]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 :atev] _! weal? or intellig5ce1 or moral pr9ciple1 or love = our in/itutions1 !y c nei!r g to ! ballot-box1 nor own ! soil1 nor be eligible to (fice4 ,let a native ,am]ican1 be sudd5ly b]eft ( ^! privileges1 & load$ ) ! disabilities ( an ali51 & :at to ! =eign] w\ld be a light matt]1 to him1 w\ld be ! sev]ity ( rigor4 ,! rec5t condition ( ! ,jews & ,ca?olics 9 ,engl&1 is ano!r illu/ration4 ,ro?s*ild1 ! late bank]1 ?\gh ! ri*e/ private citiz5 9 ! _w1 & p]haps ma/] ( scores ( ,engli% s]vants1 :o su$ = ! smalle/ crumbs ( 8 favor1 01 z a subject ( ! gov]nm5t1 inf]ior to ! l[e/ among !m4 ,suppose an ,engli%man ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 7 by law depriv$ ( p[] to own ! soil1 ( eligibility to (fice & ( ! electoral fran*ise1 w\ld ,engli%m5 ?9k x a misapplication ( language1 if x 7 said1 ! gov]nm5t rules ov] him ) rigor8 ,& yet 8 p]son1 prop]ty1 reputation1 consci5ce1 all 8 social relations1 ! disposal ( 8 "t1 ! "r ( locomotion at pleasure1 & ( natural lib]ty 9 all respects1 are j z mu* protect$ by law z ! ,"l ,*ancellor's4 ,,f9ally4--,z ! ,mosaic sy/em 0 a great comp\nd type1 rife ) mean+ 9 doctr9e & duty2 ! practical p[] ( ! :ole1 dep5d$ ^u ! exact obs]vance ( ^? di/9ctions & relations :i* con/itut$ its significancy4 ,h5ce1 ! c>e to pres]ve inviolate ! di/9ction betwe5 a desc5dant ( ,abraham & a ,/rang]1 ev5 :5 ! ,/rang] 0 a proselyte1 _h gone ?r\gh ! initiatory ord9ances1 ent]$ ! congregation1 & become incorporat$ ) ! ,israelites by family alliance4 ,! regulation laid d[n 9 ,ex4 xxi4 #b-f1 is an illu/ration4 ,9 ?is case1 ! ,israeliti% s]vant1 ^: t]m expir$ 9 six ye>s1 m>ri$ "o ( 8 ma/]'s p]man5t female dome/ics2 b h] m>riage did n release h] ma/] f 8 "p ( ! contract = h] :ole t]m ( s]vice1 nor f 8 legal obligation to support & educate h] *ildr54 ,nei!r did x d away t di/9ction1 :i* m>k$ h] national desc5t by a specific grade & t]m ( s]vice1 nor impair h] obligation to fulfil h] "p ( ! contract4 ,h] relations z a p]man5t dome/ic grew out ( a di/9ction gu>d$ ) great c>e ?r\gh\t ! ,mosaic sy/em4 ,to r5d] x void1 w\ld h be5 to divide ! sy/em aga9/ itself4 ,?is ,god w\ld n tol]ate4 ,nor1 on ! o!r h&1 w\ld he p]mit ! ma/] to ?r[ (f ! responsibility ( in/ruct+ h] *ildr51 nor ! c>e & exp5se ( _! helpless infancy & re>+4 ,he 0 b\nd to support & educate !m1 & all h] *ildr5 born aft]w>ds dur+ h] t]m ( s]vice4 ,! :ole arrangem5t beautifully illu/rates t wise & t5d] reg>d = ! int]e/s ( all ! p>ties conc]n$1 :i* arrays ! ,mosaic sy/em 9 robes ( glory1 & causes x to %9e z ! sun 9 ! k+dom ( our ,fa!r4,b ,by ?is law1 ! *ildr5 _h secur$ to !m a "m's t5d] c>e4 ,if ! husb& lov$ 8 wife & *ildr51 he c\ld compel 8 ma/] to keep him1 :e!r he _h any occasion = 8 s]vices or n4 ,if he did n love !m1 to be rid ( him 0 a bless+2 & 9 t case1 ! regulation w\ld prove an act = ! relief ( an afflict$ family4 ,x is n by any means to be inf]r$1 t ! release ( ! s]vant 9 ! sev5? ye>1 ei!r absolv$ him f ! obligations ( m>riage1 or %ut him out f ! society ( 8 family4 ,he c\ld d\btless procure a s]vice at no great di/ance f !m1 & might (t5 d x1 to get high] wages1 or a k9d ( employm5t bett] suit$ to 8 ta/e & skill4 ,! great numb] ( days on :i* ! law releas$ s]vants f regul> labor1 w\ld enable him to sp5d mu* m "t ) 8 family1 ?an c be sp5t by mo/ ( ! ag5ts ( our b5evol5t societies ) _! families1 or by _m m]*ants1 editors1 arti/s1 c41 ^: daily bus9ess is 9 ,new ,york1 :ile _! families reside f t5 to "o hundr$ miles 9 ! c\ntry4 ,footnote ,b3 ,:oev] pr(\ndly /udies ! ,mosaic ,in/itutes ) a tea*able & rev]5tial _s1 w feel ! tru? & p[] ( t solemn appeal & int]rogatory ( ,god to 8 p ,israel1 :5 he _h made an end ( sett+ be=e !m all 8 /atutes & ord9ances4 ,:at nation is !re s great1 t ha? /atutes & judgm5ts ,,s ,,righte\s1 z all ?is law :i* ,i set be=e y ?is day4 ,deut4 iv4 #h4 ,we conclude ?is inquiry by t\*+ ^u an objection1 :i*1 ?\gh n =mally /at$1 has be5 already set aside by ! t5or ( ! =ego+ argum5t4 ,x is ?is1--,! slav]y ( ! ,canaanites by ! ,israelites1 0 appo9t$ by ,god z a commutation ( ! puni%m5t ( dea? d5\nc$ aga9/ !m = _! s9s4,a ,if ! absurdity ( a s5t5ce consign+ p]sons to dea?1 & at ! same "t to p]petual slav]y1 did n suffici5tly laugh at itself2 x w\ld be small self-d5ial1 9 a case s tempt+1 to make up ! defici5cy by a g5]al contribution4 ,only "o /atute 0 ev] giv5 respect+ ! disposition to be made ( ! inhabitants ( ,canaan4 ,if ! s5t5ce ( dea? 0 pron\nc$ aga9/ !m1 & aft]w>ds commut$1 :58 :]e8 by :om8 & 9 :at t]ms 0 ! commutation1 & :]e is x record$8 ,grant1 = argum5t's sake1 t all ! ,canaanites 7 s5t5c$ to unconditional ext]m9ation2 h[ c a "r to enslave !m1 be drawn f su* premises8 ,! puni%m5t ( dea? is "o ( ! highe/ recognitions ( man's moral nature possible4 ,x proclaims him rational1 acc\ntable1 guilty1 des]v+ dea? = hav+ done 8 utmo/ to *eap5 human life1 :5 ! pro( ( its priceless wor? liv$ 9 8 own nature4 ,b to make him a slave1 *eap5s to no?+ univ]sal human nature1 & in/ead ( heal+ a w\nd1 gives a dea?-/ab4 ,:at6 repair an injury to rational be+ 9 ! robb]y ( "o ( its rights1 n only by robb+ x ( all1 b by annihilat+ _! f\ndation1 ! ev]la/+ di/9ction betwe5 p]sons & ?+s8 ,to make a man a *attel1 is n ! puni%m5t1 b ! annihilation ( a human be+1 &1 s f> z x goes1 ( all human be+s4 ,?is commutation ( ! puni%m5t ( dea?1 into p]petual slav]y1 :at a =tunate discov]y6 ,alas6 = ! honor ( ,deity1 if comm5tators _h n mann$ ! =lorn hope1 & by a timely movem5t rescu$ ! ,div9e "*1 at ! v crisis ( its fate1 f ! p]il\s position 9 :i* inspiration _h c>elessly left x6 ,"h a "q arises ( suffici5t importance = a sep>ate diss]tation2 b mu/ = ! pres5t be dispos$ ( 9 a few p>agraphs4 ,,7 ,,! ,,canaanites ,,s5t5c$ ,,by ,,god ,,to ,,individual ,,& ,,unconditional ,,ext]m9ation8 ,z ! limits ( ?is inquiry =bid our giv+ all ! gr\nds ( diss5t f commonly receiv$ op9ions1 ! sugge/ions made1 w be ?r[n out m]ely z ,,qu]ies1 r ?an laid d[n z doctr9es4 ,! directions z to ! disposal ( ! ,canaanites1 are ma9ly 9 ! foll[+ passages1 ,ex4 xxiii4 #bc-cc2 xxxiv4 #aa2 ,deut4 vii4 #af-bd2 ix4 #c2 xxxi4 #c-e4 ,9 ^! v]ses1 ! ,israelites are comm&$ to de/roy ! ,canaanites1 to drive out1 consume1 utt]ly ov]?r[1 put out1 dispossess !m1 c4 ,did ^! comm&s enjo9 ! unconditional & univ]sal de/ruction ( ! individuals1 or m]ely ( ! body politic8 ,! ^w h>am1 to de/roy1 signifies national1 z well z individual de/ruction2 ! de/ruction ( political exi/5ce1 equally ) p]sonal2 ( gov]nm5tal organization1 equally ) ! lives ( ! subjects4 ,besides1 if we int]pret ! words de/roy1 consume1 ov]?r[1 c41 to mean p]sonal de/ruction1 :at mean+ %all we give to ! expressions1 drive out be=e !e1 ca/ out be=e !e1 expel1 put out1 dispossess1 c41 :i* are us$ 9 ! same & 9 p>allel passages8 ,9 addition to ^? quot$ above1 see ,jo%4 iii4 #aj2 xvii4 #ah2 xxiii4 #e2 xxiv4 #ah2 ,judg4 i4 #bj1 #bi-ce2 vi4 #i4 ,i w de/roy all ! p to :om ?\ %alt come1 & ,i w make all ?9e enemies turn _! backs unto !e4 ,ex4 xxiii4 #bg4 ,"h all _! enemies 7 to turn _! backs1 & all ! p to be de/roy$4 ,does ?is mean t ,god w\ld let all _! enemies escape1 b kill _! fri5ds1 or t he w\ld fir/ kill all ! p & ,,!n make !m turn _! backs1 an army ( runaway corpses8 ,9 ,jo%4 xxiv4 #h1 ,god says1 speak+ ( ! ,amorites1 ,i de/roy$ !m f be=e y4 ,9 ! #ah? v]se ( ! same *apt]1 x is said1 ,! ,"l drave out f be=e u all ! p1 ev5 ! ,amorites :i* dwelt 9 ! l&4 ,9 ,num4 xxxii4 #ci1 we are told t ! *ildr5 ( ,ma*ir ! son ( ,manasseh1 w5t to ,gilead1 & took x1 & dispossess$ ! ,amorite :i* 0 9 x4 ,if ^! comm&s requir$ ! de/ruction ( all ! individuals1 ! ,mosaic law 0 at w> ) itself1 = directions z to ! treatm5t ( native resid5ts =m a l>ge "p ( x4 ,see ,lev4 xix4 #cd2 xxv4 #ce1 #cf2 xxiv4 #bb42 ,ex4 xxiii4 #i2 xxii4 #ba2 ,deut4 i4 #af1 #ag2 x4 #ag1 #ai2 xxvii4 #ai4 ,we f9d1 also1 t provision 0 made = !m 9 ! cities ( refuge1 ,num4 xxxv4 #ae1--! glean+s ( ! h>ve/ & v9tage 7 !irs1 ,lev4 xix4 #i1 #aj2 xxiii4 #bb2--! bless+s ( ! ,sabba?1 ,ex4 xx4 #aj2--! privilege ( (f]+ sacrifices secur$1 ,lev4 xxii4 #ah2 & /at$ religi\s in/ruction provid$ = !m4 ,deut4 xxxi4 #i1 #ab4 ,n[ does ?is same law require ! individual ext]m9ation ( ^? ^: lives & int]e/s x ?us protects8 ,^! laws 7 giv5 to ! ,israelites1 long be=e !y ent]$ ,canaan2 & !y mu/ h inf]r$ f !m1 t a multitude ( ! inhabitants ( ! l& 7 to cont9ue 9 x1 "u _! gov]nm5t4 ,aga9 ,jo%ua 0 select$ z ! lead] ( ,israel to execute ,god's ?reat5+s ^u ,canaan4 ,he _h no discretion>y p[]4 ,god's comm&s 7 8 (ficial in/ructions4 ,go+ beyond !m w\ld h be5 usurpation2 refus+ to c>ry !m out1 rebellion & treason4 ,saul 0 reject$ f be+ k+ = disobey+ ,god's comm&s 9 a s+le in/ance4 ,n[ if ,god comm&$ ! individual de/ruction ( all ! ,canaanites ,jo%ua disobey$ him 9 e in/ance4 ,= at 8 dea?1 ! ,israelites /ill dwelt among !m1 & ea* nation is m5tion$ by "n4 ,judg4 i4 #bg-cf1 & yet we are told t ,jo%ua left no?+ undone ( all t ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses2 & t he took all t l&4 ,jo%4 xi4 #ae-bb4 ,also1 t !re /ood n a man ( all _! enemies be=e !m4 ,jo%4 xxi4 #dd4 ,h[ c ?is be if ! comm& to de/roy1 de/roy utt]ly1 c41 enjo9$ individual ext]m9ation1 & ! comm& to drive out1 unconditional expulsion f ! c\ntry1 r ?an _! expulsion f ! possession or own]%ip ( x1 z ! lords ( ! soil8 ,t ! latt] is ! true s5se to be atta*$ to ^? t]ms1 we argue1 fur!r f ! fact t ! same t]ms are employ$ by ,god to describe ! puni%m5t :i* he w\ld inflict ^u ! ,israelites if !y s]v$ o!r ,gods4 ,ye %all utt]ly p]i%1 be utt]ly de/roy$1 consum$1 c41 are "s ( !m4--,see ,deut4 iv4 #bj2 viii4 #ai1 #bj4;,b ,jo%4 xxiii4 #ab1 #ac-af2 #a4 ,sam4 xii4 #be4 ,! ,israelites did s]ve o!r ,gods1 & ,jehovah did execute ^u !m 8 ?reat5+s--& ?us himself int]pret$ ^! ?reat5+s4 ,he subv]t$ _! gov]nm5t1 dispossess$ !m ( _! l&1 dive/$ !m ( national p[]1 & made !m tribut>ies1 b did n ext]m9ate !m4 ,he de/roy$ !m utt]ly z an indep5d5t body politic1 b n z individuals4 ,multitudes ( ! ,canaanites 7 sla91 b n a case c be f\nd 9 :i* "o 0 ei!r kill$ or expell$ :o acquiesc$ 9 ! transf] ( ! t]ritory1 & its sov]eignty1 f ! inhabitants ( ! l& to ! ,israelites4 ,witness ! case ( ,rahab & h] k9dr$1 & t ( ! ,gibeonites4,c ,! ,canaanites knew ( ! miracles wr\ght = ! ,israelites2 & t _! l& _h be5 transf]r$ to !m z a judgm5t = _! s9s4 ,jo%4 ii4 #i-aa2 ix4 #i1 #aj1 #bd4 ,_m ( !m 7 aw$ by ^! wond]s1 & made no resi/ance4 ,o!rs defi$ ,god & came out to battle4 ,^! la/ occupi$ ! =tifi$ cities1 7 ! mo/ invet]ate hea!n--! ari/ocracy ( idolatry1 ! k+s1 ! nobility & g5try1 ! prie/s1 ) _! cr[ds ( satellites1 & reta9]s t aid$ 9 idolatr\s rites1 & ! milit>y =ces1 ) ! *ief pr(ligates ( bo? sexes4 ,_m facts corroborate ! g5]al position4 ,witness t comm& 7,deut4 xxiii4 #ae1 #af17 :i*1 n only prohibit$ ! surr5d] ( ! fugitive s]vant to 8 ma/]1 b requir$ ! ,israelites to receive him ) k9dness1 p]mit him to dwell :]e he pleas$1 & to protect & *]i% him4 ,:5ev] any s]vant1 ev5 a ,canaanite1 fl$ f 8 ma/] to ! ,israelites1 ,jehovah1 s f> f comm&+ !m to kill him1 /raitly *>g$ !m1 ,he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose--9 "o ( ?y gates :]e x like? him be/--?\ %alt n oppress him4 ,deut4 xxiii4 #af4 ,! ,canaaniti% s]vant by ?us flee+ to ! ,israelites1 submitt$ himself z a dutiful subject to _! national gov]nm5t1 & pl$g$ 8 allegiance4 ,suppose all ! ,canaanites _h ?us submitt$ !mselves to ! ,jewi% !ocracy1 & con=m$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! ,mosaic in/itutes1 w\ld n all h be5 sp>$ ^u ! same pr9ciple t "o 08 ,aga91 look at ! multitude ( tribut>ies 9 ! mid/ ( ,israel1 & t too1 aft] !y _h wax$ /rong1 & ! utt]mo/ nations quak$ at ! t]ror ( _! "n--! ,canaanites1 ,phili/9es & o!rs1 :o became proselytes--z ! ,ne!nims1 ,uriah ! ,hittite--,rahab1 :o m>ri$ "o ( ! pr9ces ( ,judah--,je!r1 an ,i%maelite1 :o m>ri$ ,abigail ! si/] ( ,david & 0 ! fa!r ( ,amasa1 ! capta9 ( ! ho/ ( ,israel4 ,comp4 #a ,*ron4 ii4 #ag1 ) #b ,sam4 xvii4 #be4--;,ittai--! six hundr$ ,gittites1 ,david's body gu>d4 #b4 ,sam xv4 #ah1 #ba4 ,ob$$om ! ,gittite1 adopt$ into ! tribe ( ,levi4 ,comp4 #b ,sam4 vi4 #aj1 #aa1 ) #a ,*ron4 xv4 #ah1 & xxvi4 #d1 #e--;,jaziz1 & ,obil4 #a ,*ron1 xxvii4 #cj1 #ca4 ,jephunneh ! ,k5ezite1 ,jo%4 xiv4 #f1 & fa!r ( ,caleb a rul] ( ! tribe ( ,judah4 ,numb4 xiii4 #b1 #f--! ,k5ites regi/]$ 9 ! g5ealogies ( ! tribe ( ,judah1 ,judg4 i4 #af2 #a ,*ron4 ii4 #ee1 & ! "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& ,canaanites1 employ$ by ,solomon 9 ! build+ ( ! ,temple4,d ,besides1 ! greate/ miracle on record1 0 wr\ght to save a portion ( ^? v ,canaanites1 & = ! de/ruction ( ^? :o w\ld ext]m9ate !m4 ,jo%4 x4 #ab-ad4 ,fur!r--! t]ms employ$ 9 ! directions regulat+ ! disposal ( ! ,canaanites1 su* z drive out1 put out1 ca/ out1 expel1 dispossess1 c41 seem us$ int]*angeably ) consume1 de/roy1 ov]?r[1 c41 & ?us indicate ! s5se 9 :i* ! latt] words are us$4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! mean+ g5]ally atta*$ to ^! & simil> t]ms1 we ref] to ! hi/ory ( ! ,amalekites4 ,i w utt]ly put out ! remembrance ( ,amalek f "u heav54 ,ex4 xvii4 #ad4 ,?\ %alt blot out ! remembrance ( ,amalek f "u heav52 ?\ %alt n =get x4 ,deut4 xxv4 #ai4 ,smite ,amalek & utt]ly de/roy all t !y h1 & sp>e !m n1 b slay bo? man & woman1 infant & suckl+1 ox & %eep4 #a ,sam4 xv4 #b1 #c4 ,saul smote ! ,amalekites1 & he took ,agag ! k+ ( ! ,amalekites1 alive & ,,utt]ly ,,de/roy$ ,,all ,,! ,,p ) ! edge ( ! sword4 ,v]ses #g1 #h4 ,9 v]se #bj1 ,saul says1 ,i h br\ght ,agag1 ! k+ ( ,amalek1 & h utt]ly de/roy$ ! ,amalekites4 ,9 #a ,sam4 xxx4 #a1 #b1 we f9d ! ,amalekites m>*+ an army into ,israel1 & sweep+ ev]y?+ be=e !m--& ?is 9 ab\t eighte5 ye>s aft] !y _h all be5 ,,utt]ly ,,de/roy$6 ,9 #a ,k+s ii4 #ae-ag1 is ano!r illu/ration4 ,we are in=m$ t ,joab rema9$ 9 ,edom six mon?s ) all ,israel1 until he _h cut (f e male 9 ,edom4 ,9 ! next v]se we le>n t ,hadad & c]ta9 ,edomites 7 n sla94 ,deut4 xx4 #af1 #ag1 w probably be quot$ aga9/ ! prec$+ view4 ,we argue t ! comm& 9 ^! v]ses1 did n include all ! individuals ( ! ,canaaniti% nations1 b only ! inhabitants ( ! cities1 7& ev5 ^? conditionally17 because1 only ! inhabitants ( cities are specifi$--( ! cities ( ^! p ?\ %alt save alive no?+ t brea!?4 ,cities !n1 z n[1 7 pe/-h\ses ( vice1 !y reek$ ) abom9ations little practis$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 _! influ5ce w\ld be f> m p]il\s to ! ,israelites ?an t ( ! c\ntry4 ,besides1 !y 7 ! c5tres ( idolatry--!re 7 ! temples & alt>s1 & idols1 & prie/s1 )\t numb]4 ,ev5 _! build+s1 /reets1 & public walks 7 s _m visibilities ( idolatry4 ,! reason assign$ 9 ! #ah? v]se = ext]m9at+ !m1 /r5g!ns ! idea--t !y tea* y n to d aft] all ! abom9ations :i* !y h done unto _! gods4 ,?is w\ld be a reason = ext]m9at+ all ! nations & individuals ar\nd !m1 z all 7 idolat]s2 b ,god comm&$ !m1 9 c]ta9 cases1 to sp>e ! inhabitants4 ,contact ) any ( !m w\ld be p]il\s--) ! inhabitants ( ! cities peculi>ly1 & ( ! ,canaaniti% cities pre-em95tly s4 ,! #aj? & #aa? v]ses conta9 ! g5]al rule prescrib+ ! me?od 9 :i* cities 7 to be summon$ to surr5d]4 ,!y 7 fir/ to receive ! (f] ( peace--if x 0 accept$1 ! inhabitants became tribut>ies--b if !y came out aga9/ ,israel 9 battle1 ! m5 7 to be kill$1 & ! woman & little ones sav$ alive4 ,! #ae? v]se re/ricts ?is l5i5t treatm5t to ! inhabitants ( ! cities af> (f4 ,! #af? directs z to ! disposal ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,canaaniti% cities4 ,!y 7 to save alive no?+ t brea!d4 ,! common mi/ake has be51 9 suppos+ t ! comm& 9 ! #ae? v]se ref]s to ! :ole sy/em ( directions prec$+1 comm5c+ ) ! #aj?1 :]eas x manife/ly ref]s only to ! inflictions specifi$ 9 ! #ab?1 #ac?1 &1 #ad?1 mak+ a di/9ction betwe5 ^? ,canaaniti% cities t f\ght1 & ! cities af> (f t f\ght--9 "o case de/roy+ ! males & females1 & 9 ! o!r1 ! males only4 ,! (f] ( peace1 & ! conditional pres]vation1 7 z really gu>anti$ to ,canaaniti% cities z to o!rs4 ,_! inhabitants 7 n to be ext]m9at$ unless !y came out aga9/ ,israel 9 battle4 ,:atev] be ! import ( ! comm&s respect+ ! disposition to be made ( ! ,canaanites1 all admit ! fact t ! ,israelites did n utt]ly ext]m9ate !m4 ,n[1 if entire & unconditional ext]m9ation 0 ! comm& ( ,god1 x 0 nev] obey$ by ! ,israelites1 consequ5tly ! tru? ( ,god /ood pl$g$ to consign !m to ! same doom :i* he _h pron\nc$ ^u ! ,canaanites1 b :i* !y _h refus$ to visit ^u !m4 ,if ye w n drive out all ! inhabitants ( ! l& f be=e y1 !n x %all come to pass t 99 99 ,i %all d unto y z ,i ?\ght to d unto !m4 ,num4 xxxiii4 #ee1 #ef4 ,z ! ,israelites 7 n ext]m9at$1 we inf] t ,god did n pron\nce t doom ^u !m2 & z he did pron\nce ^u !m ! same doom1 :atev] x 01 :i* !y %\ld refuse to visit ^u ! ,canaanites1 x foll[s t ! doom ( unconditional ext]m9ation 0 n pron\nc$ aga9/ ! ,canaanites4 ,b let u settle ?is "q by ! law & ! te/imony4 ,!re 0 n a city t made peace ) ! *ildr5 ( ,israel save ! ,hivites1 ! inhabitants ( ,gibeon2 all o!rs !y took 9 battle4 ,= x 0 ( ! ,"l to h>d5 _! he>ts1 t !y %\ld ,,come ,,out ,,aga9/ ,,israel ,,9 ,,battle1 t he might de/roy !m utt]ly1 & t !y might h no favor1 b t he might de/roy !m1 z ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses4 ,jo%4 xi4 #ai4 #bj4 ,t is1 if !y _h n come out aga9/ ,israel 9 battle1 !y w\ld h _h favor %[n !m1 & w\ld n h be5 de/roy$ utt]ly4 ,! great design 0 to transf] ! t]ritory ( ! ,canaanites to ! ,israelites1 & along ) x1 absolute sov]eignty 9 e respect2 to annihilate _! political organizations1 civil polity1 & jurisprud5ce1 & _! sy/em ( religion1 ) all its rights & app5dages2 & to sub/itute !re=1 a pure !ocracy1 adm9i/]$ by ,jehovah1 ) ! ,israelites z ,8 repres5tatives & ag5ts4 ,9 a ^w ! p 7 to be d5ationaliz$1 _! political exi/5ce annihilat$1 _! idol temples1 alt>s1 groves1 images1 pictures1 & hea!n rites de/roy$1 & !mselves put "u tribute4 ,^? :o resi/$ ! execution ( ,jehovah's purpose 7 to be kill$1 :ile ^? :o quietly submitt$ to x 7 to be sp>$4 ,all _h ! *oice ( ^! alt]natives1 ei!r free egress out ( ! l&2,e or acquiesc5ce 9 ! decree1 ) life & resid5ce z tribut>ies1 "u ! protection ( ! gov]nm5t2 or resi/ance to ! execution ( ! decree1 ) dea?4 ,& x %all come to pass1 if !y w dilig5tly le>n ! ways ( my p1 to swe> by my "n1 ! ,"l live?1 z !y taught my p to swe> by ,baal2 ,,!n ,,%all ,,!y ,,be ,,built ,,9 ,,! ,,mid/ ,,( ,,my ,,p4 ,footnote ,a3 ,9 ! prophecy1 ,g54 ix4 #be1 ! subjection ( ! ,canaanites z a conqu]$ p r5d]+ tribute to o!r nations1 is =etold by inspiration4 ,! fulfilm5t ( ?is pr$iction1 seems to h comm5c$ 9 ! subjection ( ! ,canaanites to ! ,israelites z tribut>ies4 ,if ! ,israelites _h ext]m9at$ !m1 z ! objector ass]ts !y 7 comm&$ to d2 ! pr$iction w\ld h be5 falsifi$4 ,footnote ,b3 ,^! two v]ses are s explicit we quote !m entire--,& x %all be if ?\ d at all =get ! ,"l !y ,god & walk aft] o!r ,gods & s]ve !m1 & wor%ip !m1 ,i te/ify aga9/ y ?is day t ye %all surely p]i%1 z ! nations :i* ! ,"l de/roy$ be=e y\r face1 s %all ye p]i%4 ,! foll[+ passages are1 if possible /ill m explicit--,! ,"l %all s5d ^u !e curs+1 vexation & rebuke 9 all t ?\ sette/ ?9e h& unto = to d1 until ?\ be de/roy$1 & until ?\ p]i% quickly4 ,! ,"l %all make ! pe/il5ce cleave unto !e until he h consum$ !e4 ,!y 7! 'sword1' 'bla/+1' c47 %all pursue !e until ?\ p]i%4 ,f heav5 %all x come d[n ^u !e until ?\ be de/roy$4 ,all ^! curses %all come ^u !e till ?\ be de/roy$4 ,he %all put a yoke ( iron ^u ?y neck until he h de/roy$ !e4 ,! ,"l %all br+ a nation aga9/ !e1 a nation ( fi]ce c\nt5ance1 :i* %all n reg>d ! p]son ( ! old1 nor %[ favor to ! "y1 99 99 until he h de/roy$ !e4 ,all ^!1 ) o!r simil> ?reat5+s ( de/ruction1 are conta9$ 9 ! tw5ty-eigh? *apt] ( ,deut4 ,see v]ses #bj-be1 #de1 #dh1 #ea4 ,9 ! same *apt] ,god decl>es t z a puni%m5t = ! same transgressions1 ! ,israelites %all be remov$ into all ! k+doms ( ! e>?1 ?us %[+ t ! t]ms employ$ 9 ! o!r v]ses1 de/roy1 p]i%1 p]i% quickly1 consume1 c41 in/ead ( signify+ utt]1 p]sonal de/ruction d\btless meant _! de/ruction z an indep5d5t nation4 ,9 ,jo%4 xxiv4 #h1 #ah1 de/roy$ & drave out1 are us$ synonym\sly4 ,footnote ,c3 ,p]haps x w be object$1 t ! pres]vation ( ! ,gibeonites1 & ( ,rahab & h] k9dr$1 0 a violation ( ! comm& ( ,god4 ,we answ]1 if x _h be51 we might expect "s su* intimation4 ,if ,god _h /raitly comm&$ !m to ext]m9ate all ! ,canaanites1 _! pl$ge to save !m alive1 0 nei!r a repeal ( ! /atute1 nor absolution = ! brea* ( x4 ,if unconditional de/ruction 0 ! import ( ! comm&1 w\ld ,god h p]mitt$ su* an act to pass )\t rebuke8 ,w\ld he h e/abli%$ su* a prec$5t :5 ,israel _h h>dly pass$ ! ?re%old ( ,canaan1 & 0 !n /rik+ ! fir/ bl[ ( a half c5tury w>8 ,:at if !y _h pass$ _! ^w to ,rahab & ! ,gibeonites8 ,0 t m b9d+ ?an ,god's comm&8 ,s ,saul seems to h pass$ 8 ^w to ,agag2 yet ,samuel hew$ him 9 pieces1 because 9 sav+ 8 life1 ,saul _h violat$ ,god's comm&4 ,:5 ,saul s\ght to slay ! ,gibeonites 9 8 zeal = ! *ildr5 ( ,israel & ,judah1 ,god s5t ^u ,israel a ?ree ye>s' fam9e = x4 ,:5 ,david inquir$ ( !m :at atonem5t he %\ld make1 !y say1 ,! man t devis$ aga9/ u1 t we %\ld be de/roy$ f rema9+ 9 any ( ! coa/ ( ,israel1 let sev5 ( 8 sons be deliv]$1 c4 #b ,sam4 xxi4 #a-f4 ,footnote ,d3 ,if ! ,canaanites 7 devot$ by ,god to unconditional ext]m9ation1 to h employ$ !m 9 ! erection ( ! temple1--:at 0 x b ! climax ( impiety8 ,z well might !y pollute its alt>s ) sw9e's fle% or make _! sons pass ?r\gh ! fire to ,molo*4 ,footnote ,e3 ,suppose all ! ,canaaniti% nations _h ab&on$ _! t]ritory at ! tid+s ( ,israel's approa*1 did ,god's comm& require ! ,israelites to *ase !m to ends ( ! e>?1 & hunt !m out1 until e ,canaanite 0 de/roy$8 ,x is too prepo/]\s = belief1 & yet x foll[s legitimately f t con/ruction1 :i* int]prets ! t]ms consume1 de/roy1 de/roy utt]ly1 c4 to mean unconditional1 individual ext]m9ation4 ,! orig9al design ( ! prec$+ ,inquiry embrac$ a mu* wid] range ( topics4 ,x 0 soon f\nd1 h[ev]1 t to fill up ! outl9e w\ld be to make a volume4 ,mu* ( ! =ego+ has !re=e be5 ?r[n into a m]e s]ies ( indices1 to tra9s ( ?\ght & classes ( pro(1 :i*1 h[ev] limit$ or imp]fect1 may p]haps1 af=d "s facilities to ^? :o h little leisure = protract$ inve/igation4 ,,no4 #e4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,congress ,,ov] ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,repr9t$ ,,f ,,! ,,new-,,york ,,ev5+ ,,po/1 ,,) ,,additions ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new-,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau-,,/reet4 #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is p]iodical conta9s #c #a_/b %eets4--,po/age "u #ajj miles1 #f cts42 ov] #ajj1 #aj cts4 ,,p[] ,,( ,,congress ,,ov] ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia4 ,a civiliz$ community presupposes a gov]nm5t ( law4 ,if t gov]nm5t be a republic1 its citiz5s are ! sole s\rces1 z well z ! subjects ( its p[]4 ,its con/itution is _! bill ( directions to _! own ag5ts--a grant au?oriz+ ! ex]cise ( c]ta9 p[]s1 & prohibit+ t ( o!rs4 ,9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :atev] else may be obscure1 ! clause grant+ p[] to ,congress ov] ! ,f$]al ,di/rict may well defy miscon/ruction4 ,art4 #a1 ,sec4 #f1 ,clause #ah3 ,! ,congress %all h p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation1 9 all cases :atsoev]1 ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,congress may make laws = ! ,di/rict 9 all cases1 n ( all k9ds2 n all laws :atsoev]1 b laws 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,! grant respects ! subjects ( legislation1 n ! moral nature ( ! laws4 ,! law-mak+ p[] e :]e is subject to moral re/rictions1 :e!r limit$ by con/itutions or n4 ,no legislature c au?orize murd]1 nor make hone/y p5al1 nor virtue a crime1 nor exact impossibilities4 ,9 ^! & simil> respects1 ! p[] ( ,congress is held 9 *eck by pr9ciples1 exi/+ 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 n impos$ by ! ,con/itution1 b presuppos$ & assum$ by x4 ,! p[] ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict is re/rict$ only by ^? pr9ciples t limit ord9>y legislation1 &1 9 "s respects1 x has ev5 wid] scope4 ,9 common ) ! legislatures ( ! ,/ates1 ,congress _c con/itutionally pass ex po/ facto laws 9 crim9al cases1 nor susp5d ! writ ( habeas corpus1 nor pass a bill ( atta9d]1 nor abridge ! fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press1 nor invade ! "r ( ! p to be secure 9 _! p]sons1 h\ses1 pap]s1 & effects1 nor enact laws respect+ an e/abli%m5t ( religion4 ,^! are g5]al limitations4 ,congress _c d ^! ?+s any :]e4 ,! exact import1 !re=e1 ( ! clause 9 all cases :atsoev]1 is1 on all subjects )9 ! appropriate sph]e ( legislation4 ,"s legislatures are re/ra9$ by con/itutions1 f ! ex]cise ( p[]s /rictly )9 ! prop] sph]e ( legislation4 ,congressional p[] ov] ! ,di/rict has no su* re/ra9t4 ,x trav]ses ! :ole field ( legitimate legislation4 ,all ! p[] :i* any legislature has )9 its own jurisdiction1 ,congress holds ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,x has be5 object$ t ! clause 9 "q respects m]ely police regulations1 & t its sole design 0 to enable ,congress to protect itself aga9/ popul> tumults4 ,b if ! conv5tion t fram$ ! ,con/itution aim$ to provide = a s+le case only1 :y did !y provide = all cases :atsoev]8 ,besides1 ?is clause 0 oppos$ 9 _m ( ! /ate conv5tions1 because ! grant ( p[] 0 ext5d$ to all cases :atsoev]1 in/ead ( be+ re/rict$ to police regulations alone4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia ,conv5tion1 ,george ,mason1 ! fa!r ( ! ,virg9ia ,con/itution1 ,patrick ,h5ry1 ,mr4 ,grayson1 & o!rs1 assail$ x on t gr\nd4 ,mr4 ,mason said1 ,?is clause gives an unlimit$ au?ority 9 e possible case )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,he w\ld will+ly give !m exclusive p[] z f> z respect$ ! police & good gov]nm5t ( ! place1 b he w\ld give !m no m4 ,mr4 ,grayson exclaim$ aga9/ s l>ge a grant ( p[]--said t control ov] ! police 0 all-suffici5t1 & t ! ,cont95tal ,congress nev] _h an idea ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases4 ,patrick ,h5ry said3 ,%all we be told1 :5 ab\t to grant su* illimitable au?ority1 t x w nev] be ex]cis$8 ,is x consi/5t ) any pr9ciple ( prud5ce or good policy1 to grant unlimit$1 unb\nd$ au?ority8 ,mr4 ,madison said 9 reply3 ,i did conceive t ! clause "u consid]ation 0 "o ( ^? p>ts :i* w\ld speak its own praise4 ,i _c compreh5d t ! p[] ( legislation ov] a small ,di/rict1 w involve ! dang]s :i* he appreh5ds4 ,:5 any p[] is giv51 x's delegation necess>ily involves au?ority to make laws to execute x4 99 99 99 99 ,! p[]s :i* are f\nd necess>y to be giv51 are !re=e delegat$ g5]ally1 & p>ticul> & m9ute specification is left to ! ,legislature4 99 99 99 ,x is n )9 ! limits ( human capacity to del9eate on pap] all ^? p>ticul> cases & circum/ances1 9 :i* legislation by ! g5]al legislature1 w\ld be necess>y4 ,gov]nor ,r&olph said3 ,holl& has no t5 miles squ>e1 b %e has ! ,hague :]e ! deputies ( ! ,/ates assemble4 ,b ! influ5ce :i* x has giv5 ! prov9ce ( ,holl&1 to h ! seat ( gov]nm5t )9 its t]ritory1 subject 9 "s respects to its control1 has be5 injuri\s to ! o!r prov9ces4 ,! wisdom ( ! conv5tion is !re=e manife/ 9 grant+ to ,congress exclusive jurisdiction ov] ! place ( _! session4 7,see debates 9 ! ,virg9ia ,conv5tion1 p4 #cbj47 ,9 ! =ty-?ird numb] ( ! ,f$]ali/1 ,mr4 ,madison says3 ,! indisp5sable necessity ( complete au?ority at ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 c>ries its own evid5ce ) x4 ,f9ally1 t ! grant 9 "q is to be int]pret$ accord+ to ! obvi\s import ( its t]ms1 & n 9 su* a way z to re/rict x to police regulations1 is prov$ by ! fact1 t ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia propos$ an am5dm5t to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution at ! "t ( its adoption1 provid+ t ?is clause %\ld be s con/ru$ z to give p[] only ov] ! police & good gov]nm5t ( said ,di/rict1 :i* am5dm5t 0 reject$4 ,f\rte5 o!r am5dm5ts1 propos$ at ! same "t by ,virg9ia1 7 adopt$4 ,! =m] "p1 ( ! clause "u consid]ation1 ,congress %all h p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation1 gives sole jurisdiction1 & ! latt] "p1 9 all cases :atsoev]1 def9es ! ext5t ( x4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ,congress is ! sole legislature )9 ! ,di/rict1 & s9ce its p[] is limit$ only by ! *ecks common to all legislatures1 x foll[s t :at ! law-mak+ p[] is intr9sically compet5t to d any :]e1 ,congress is compet5t to d 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,"q ,,at ,,issue4 ,hav+ dispos$ ( prelim9>ies1 we proce$ to argue ! real "q at issue4 ,is ! law-mak+ p[] compet5t to aboli% slav]y :5 n re/rict$ 9 t p>ticul> by con/itutional provisions--or1 ,is ! abolition ( slav]y )9 ! appropriate sph]e ( legislation8 ,9 e gov]nm5t1 absolute sov]eignty exi/s some:]e4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates x exi/s prim>ily ) ! p1 & ultimate sov]eignty always exi/s ) !m4 ,9 ea* ( ! ,/ates1 ! legislature possesses a repres5tative sov]eignty1 delegat$ by ! p ?r\gh ! ,con/itution--! p ?us committ+ to ! legislature a portion ( _! sov]eignty1 & specify+ 9 _! con/itutions ! am\nt & ! conditions ( ! grant4 ,t ! p 9 any /ate :]e slav]y exi/s1 h ! p[] to aboli% x1 none w d5y4 ,if ! legislature h n ! p[]1 x is because ! p h res]v$ x to !mselves4 ,_h !y lodg$ ) ! legislature p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 !y w\ld h p>t$ ) _! sov]eignty ov] ! legislation ( ! ,/ate1 & s f> =? ! legislature w\ld h become ! p1 clo!d ) all _! functions1 & z su* compet5t1 dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! grant1 to d :atev] ! p might h done be=e ! surr5d] ( _! p[]3 consequ5tly1 !y w\ld h ! p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,! sov]eignty ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia exi/s some:]e--:]e is x lodg$8 ,! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict h no legislature ( _! own1 no repres5tation 9 ,congress1 & no political p[] :atev]4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia h surr5d]$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates _! full & absolute "r & entire sov]eignty1 & ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h committ$ to ,congress by ! ,con/itution1 ! p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,?us1 ! sov]eignty ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 is %[n to reside solely 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & s9ce ! p[] ( ! p ( a /ate to aboli% slav]y )9 _! own limits1 results f _! entire sov]eignty )9 ! /ate1 s ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 results f its entire sov]eignty )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,if x be object$ t ,congress c h no m p[] ov] ! ,di/rict1 ?an 0 held by ! legislatures ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 we ask :at clause 9 ! con/itution graduates ! p[] ( ,congress by ! /&>d ( a /ate legislature8 ,0 ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution work$ into its pres5t %ape "u ! measur+ l9e & squ>e ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&8 & is its p[] to be bevell$ d[n till x c run 9 ! grooves ( /ate legislation8 ,!re is a deal ( prat+ ab\t con/itutional p[] ov] ! ,di/rict1 z ?\gh ,congress 7 indebt$ = x to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,! p[]s ( ^? /ates1 :e!r few or _m1 prodigies or nullities1 h no?+ to d ) ! "q4 ,z well ?ru/ 9 ! p[]s ( ! ,gr& ,lama to jo9 issue ^u1 or twi/ papal bulls into con/itutional te!r1 ) :i* to curb congressional action4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates gives p[] to ,congress1 & takes x away1 & x alone4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia adopt$ ! ,con/itution be=e !y c$$ to ! unit$ ,/ates ! t]ritory ( ! ,di/rict4 ,by _! acts ( cession1 !y abdicat$ _! own sov]eignty ov] ! ,di/rict1 & ?us made room = t provid$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 :i* sov]eignty 0 to comm5ce z soon z a cession ( t]ritory by /ates1 & its acceptance by ,congress furni%$ a sph]e = its ex]cise4 ,t ! abolition ( slav]y is )9 ! sph]e ( legislation1 ,i argue1 secondly1 f ! fact1 t slav]y z a legal sy/em1 is ! creature ( legislation4 ,! law by creat+ slav]y1 n only affirm$ its exi/5ce to be )9 ! sph]e & "u ! control ( legislation1 b equally1 ! conditions & t]ms ( its exi/5ce1 & ! "q :e!r or n x %\ld exi/4 ,( c\rse legislation w\ld n travel out ( its sph]e1 9 aboli%+ :at is )9 x1 & :at 0 recognis$ to be )9 x1 by its own act4 ,_c legislatures repeal _! own laws8 ,if law c take f a man 8 rights1 x c give !m back aga94 ,if x c say1 y\r body belongs to y\r neighbor1 x c say1 x belongs to y\rself1 & ,i w su/a9 y\r "r4 ,if x c annul a man's "r to himself1 held by express grant f 8 ,mak]1 & c create = ano!r an artificial title to him1 c x n annul ! artificial title1 & leave ! orig9al own] to hold himself by 8 orig9al title8 #c4 ,! abolition ( slav]y has always be5 consid]$ )9 ! appropriate sph]e ( legislation4 ,almo/ e civiliz$ nation has aboli%$ slav]y by law4 ,! hi/ory ( legislation s9ce ! revival ( lett]s1 is a record cr[d$ ) te/imony to ! univ]sally admitt$ compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,x is s manife/ly an attribute n m]ely ( absolute sov]eignty1 b ev5 ( ord9>y legislation1 t ! compet5cy ( a legislature to ex]cise x1 may well nigh be reckon$ among ! legal axioms ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,ev5 ! night ( ! d>k ages 0 n d>k en\gh to make ?is invisible4 ,! ,abolition decree ( ! great c\ncil ( ,engl& 0 pass$ 9 #aajb4 ,! memorable ,iri% decree1 t all ! ,engli% slaves 9 ! :ole ( ,irel&1 be imm$iately emancipat$ & re/or$ to _! =m] lib]ty1 0 issu$ 9 #aaga4 ,slav]y 9 ,engl& 0 aboli%$ by a g5]al *>t] ( emancipation 9 #acha4 ,pass+ ov] _m in/ances ( ! abolition ( slav]y by law1 bo? dur+ ! middle ages & s9ce ! re=mation1 we f9d !m multiply+ z we approa* our own times4 ,9 #aggf slav]y 0 aboli%$ 9 ,prussia by special edict4 ,9 ,/4 ,dom+o1 ,cay5ne1 ,guadal\pe & ,m>t9ique1 9 #agid1 :]e m ?an #fjj1jjj slaves 7 emancipat$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 ,9 ,java1 #ahaa2 9 ,ceylon1 #ahae2 9 ,bu5os ,ayres1 #ahaf2 9 ,/4 ,hel5a1 #ahai2 9 ,colombia1 #ahba2 by ! ,congress ( ,*ili 9 #ahba2 9 ,cape ,colony1 #ahbc2 9 ,malacca1 #ahbe2 9 ! s\!rn prov9ces ( ,birmah1 9 #ahbf2 9 ,bolivia1 #ahbf2 9 ,p]u1 ,guatemala1 & ,monte ,video1 #ahbh1 9 ,jamaica1 ,b>badoes1 ,b]mudas1 ,bahamas1 ! ,mauritius1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s1 ,nevis1 ! ,virg9 ,isl&s1 ,antigua1 ,monts]rat1 ,dom9ica1 ,/4 ,v9c5ts1 ,gr5ada1 ,b]bice1 ,tobago1 ,/4 ,lucia1 ,tr9idad1 ,honduras1 ,dem>>a1 & ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd4 ,b wav+ details1 suffice x to say1 t ,engl&1 ,france1 ,spa91 ,portugal1 ,sw$51 ,d5m>k1 ,au/ria1 ,prussia1 & ,g]many1 h all & (t5 giv5 _! te/imony to ! compet5cy ( ! law to aboli% slav]y4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 ! ,legislature ( ,p5nsylvania pass$ an act ( abolition 9 #aghj1 ,connecticut1 9 #aghd2 ,rhode ,isl&1 #aghd2 ,new-,york1 #agii2 ,new-,j]sey1 9 #ahjd2 ,v]mont1 by ,con/itution1 9 #aggg2 ,massa*usetts1 9 #aghj2 & ,new ,hamp%ire1 9 #aghd4 ,:5 ! compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[] to aboli% slav]y1 has ?us be5 recognis$ e :]e & = ages1 :5 x has be5 embodi$ 9 ! highe/ prec$5ts1 & celebrat$ 9 ! ?\s& jubilees ( reg5]at$ lib]ty1 is x =soo? an a*ievem5t ( mod]n discov]y1 t su* a p[] is a nullity8--t all ^! acts ( abolition are void1 & t ! millions dis5?rall$ by !m1 are1 ei!r !mselves or _! po/]ity1 /ill legally 9 bondage8 #d4 ,legislative p[] has aboli%$ slav]y 9 its p>ts4 ,! law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a prohibits ! work+ ( slaves m ?an fifte5 h\rs 9 ! tw5ty-f\r4 ,see,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bec4 ,9 o!r words1 x takes f ! slavehold] 8 p[] ov] n9e h\rs ( ! slave's "t daily2 & if x c take n9e h\rs x may take tw5ty-f\r--if two-fif?s1 !n five-fif?s4 ,! laws ( ,georgia prohibit ! work+ ( slaves on ! fir/ day ( ! week2 & if !y c d x = ! fir/1 !y c = ! six foll[+4 ,laws embody+ ! same pr9ciple h exi/$ = ages 9 ne>ly all gov]nm5ts t h tol]at$ slav]y4 ,! law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a prohibits ! immod]ate correction ( slaves4 ,if x has p[] to prohibit immod]ate correction1 x c prohibit mod]ate correction--all correction1 :i* w\ld be virtual emancipation2 =1 take f ! ma/] ! p[] to inflict pa91 & he is ma/] no long]4 ,cease to ply ! slave ) ! /imulus ( fe>1 & he is free4 ,laws simil> to ?is exi/ 9 slavehold+ gov]nm5ts g5]ally4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,mississippi gives ! ,g5]al ,assembly p[] to make laws to oblige ! own]s ( slaves to treat !m ) humanity4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,miss\ri has ! same clause1 & an additional "o mak+ x ! ,,duty ( ! legislature to pass su* laws z may be necess>y to secure ! humane treatm5t ( ! slaves4 ,?is grant ( p[] to ^? legislatures emp[]s !m to decide :at is & :at is n humane treatm5t4 ,o!rwise x gives no p[]--! clause is m]e wa/e pap]1 & fl\ts 9 ! face ( a mock$ & befool$ legislature4 ,a clause giv+ p[] to require humane treatm5t cov]s all ! p>ticul>s ( su* treatm5t--gives p[] to exact x 9 all respects--requir+ c]ta9 acts1 & prohibit+ o!rs--maim+1 br&+1 *a9+ toge!r1 all[+ ea* b a qu>t ( corn a day1,a & b "o %irt & "o pair ( pantaloons 9 six mon?s,b--sep>at+ families1 de/roy+ m>riages1 flogg+s = le>n+ ! alphabet & read+ ! ,bible--robb+ !m ( _! oa?1 ( jury trial1 & ( ! "r to wor%ip ,god accord+ to consci5ce--! legislature has p[] to specify ea* ( ^! acts--decl>e t x is n humane treatm5t1 & ,,prohibit x4--,! legislature may also believe t driv+ m5 & wom5 into ! field1 & =c+ !m to "w )\t pay z long z !y live1 is n humane treatm5t1 & be+ con/itutionally b\nd to oblige ma/]s to practise humane treatm5t--!y h ! p[] to prohibit su* treatm5t1 & are b\nd to d x4 ,footnote ,a3 ,law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,haywood's ,manual1 #ebd-e4 ,footnote ,b3 ,law ( ,l\isiana1 ,m>t9's ,dige/1 #faj4 ,! law ( ,l\isiana makes slaves real e/ate1 prohibit+ ! hold]1 if he be also a l& hold]1 to sep>ate !m f ! soil4,c ,if x has p[] to prohibit ! sale )\t ! soil1 x c prohibit ! sale ) x2 & if x c prohibit ! sale z prop]ty1 x c prohibit ! hold+ z prop]ty4 ,simil> laws exi/ 9 ! ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 & ,portuguese colonies4 ,footnote ,c3 ,virg9ia made slaves real e/ate by a law pass$ 9 #agje4 7,bev]ly's ,hi/4 ( ,va41 p4 #ih47 ,i d n f9d ! precise "t :5 ?is law 0 repeal$1 probably :5 ,virg9ia became ! *ief slave bre$] = ! cotton-gr[+ & sug>-plant+ c\ntry1 & made "y m5 & wom5 f fifte5 to tw5ty-five ! ma9 /aple production ( ! ,/ate4 ,! law ( ,l\isiana requires ! ma/] to give 8 slaves a c]ta9 am\nt ( food & clo?+1 7,m>t9's ,dige/1 #faj47 ,if x c oblige ! ma/] to give ! slave "o ?+1 x c oblige him to give him ano!r3 if food & clo?+1 !n wages1 lib]ty1 8 own body4 ,su* laws exi/ 9 mo/ slavehold+ gov]nm5ts4 ,by ! slave laws ( ,connecticut1 "u :i* slaves are n[ held1 7= ev5 ,connecticut is /ill a slave ,/ate17 slaves might receive & hold prop]ty1 & prosecute suits 9 _! own "n z pla9tiffs3 ,?is la/ 0 also ! law ( ,virg9ia 9 #agie4 ,see ,tuck]'s ,diss]tation on ,slav]y1 p4 #gc4 ,!re 7 also laws mak+ m>riage contracts legal1 9 c]ta9 cont+5cies1 & puni%+ infr+em5ts ( !m1 ,reeve's ,law ( ,b>on & ,femme1 p4 #caj-a4 ,ea* ( ! laws enum]at$ above1 does1 9 pr9ciple1 aboli% slav]y2 & all ( !m toge!r aboli% x 9 fact4 ,true1 n z a :ole1 & at a /roke1 nor all 9 "o place2 b 9 its p>ts1 by piecemeal1 at div]s times & places2 ?us %[+ t ! abolition ( slav]y is )9 ! b\nd>y ( legislation4 #e4,! compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[] to aboli% slav]y has be5 recogniz$ by all ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 ei!r directly or by implication4 ,"s ,/ates recognize x 9 _! ,con/itutions1 by giv+ ! legislature p[] to emancipate su* slaves z may h r5d]$ ! /ate "s di/+ui%$ s]vice1 & o!rs by express prohibitory re/rictions4 ,! ,con/itutions ( ,mississippi1 ,arkansas1 & o!r ,/ates1 re/rict ! p[] ( ! legislature 9 ?is respect4 ,:y ?is express prohibition1 if ! law-mak+ p[] _c aboli% slav]y8 ,a /ately f>ce1 inde$1 =mally to con/ruct a special clause1 & ) appropriate rites induct x into ! ,con/itution1 = ! express purpose ( re/rict+ a non5tity6--to take f ! lawmak+ p[] :at x nev] _h1 & :at _c p]ta9 to x6 ,! legislatures ( ^? ,/ates h no p[] to aboli% slav]y1 simply because _! ,con/itutions h expressly tak5 away t p[]4 ,! p ( ,arkansas1 ,mississippi1 c41 well knew ! compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[] to aboli% slav]y1 & h5ce _! zeal to re/rict x4 ,! fact t ^! & o!r ,/ates h inhibit$ _! legislatures f ! ex]cise ( ?is p[]1 %[s t ! abolition ( slav]y is ackn[l$g$ to be a prop] subject ( legislation1 :5 ,con/itutions impose no re/rictions4 ,! slavehold+ ,/ates h recognis$ ?is p[] 9 _! laws4 ,! ,virg9ia ,legislature pass$ a law 9 #aghf to prev5t ! fur!r importation ( ,slaves1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,& be x fur!r enact$ t e slave import$ into ?is commonweal? contr>y to ! true int5t & mean+ ( ?is act1 %all ^u su* importation become free4 ,by a law ( ,virg9ia1 pass$ ,dec4 #ag1 #agib1 a slave br\ght into ! /ate & kept !re a ye>1 0 free4 ,! ,m>yl& ,c\rt ( ,appeals at ! ,decemb] t]m #ahac 7see case ( ,/ew>t vs4 ,oakes17 decid$ t a slave own$ 9 ,m>yl&1 & s5t by 8 ma/] into ,virg9ia to "w at diff]5t p]iods1 mak+ "o ye> 9 ! :ole1 became free1 be+ emancipat$ by ! law ( ,virg9ia quot$ above4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 9 _! acts ( cession1 transf]r+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! t]ritory n[ con/itut+ ! ,/ates ( ,t5nessee1 ,alabama & ,mississippi1 made x a condition ( ! grant1 t ! provisions ( ! ord9ance ( '#hg1 %\ld be secur$ to ! inhabitants ) ! exception ( ! six? article :i* prohibits slav]y2 ?us conc$+1 bo? ! compet5cy ( law to aboli% slav]y1 & ! p[] ( ,congress to d x1 )9 its jurisdiction4 ,besides1 ^! acts %[ ! preval5t belief at t "t1 9 ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t _h adopt$ a l9e ( policy aim+ at ! exclusion ( slav]y f ! entire t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 n includ$ )9 ! orig9al ,/ates1 & t ?is policy w\ld be pursu$ unless prev5t$ by specific & =mal /ipulation4 ,slavehold+ /ates h ass]t$ ?is p[] 9 _! judicial decisions4 ,9 num]\s cases _! highe/ c\rts h decid$ t if ! legal own] ( slaves takes !m into ^? ,/ates :]e slav]y has be5 aboli%$ ei!r by law or by ! con/itution1 su* removal emancipates !m1 su* law or con/itution aboli%+ _! slav]y4 ,?is pr9ciple is ass]t$ 9 ! decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,l\isiana1 9 ! case ( ,luns=d vs4 ,coquillon1 #ad ,m>t9's ,la4 ,reps4 #dja4 ,also by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,virg9ia1 9 ! case ( ,hunt] vs4 ,ful*]1 #a ,leigh's ,reps4 #agb4 ,! same doctr9e 0 laid d[n by ,judge ,wa%+ton1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 9 ! case ( ,butl] vs4 ,hopp]1 ,wa%+ton's ,circuit ,c\rt ,reps4 #ejh4 ,?is pr9ciple 0 also decid$ by ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals 9 ,k5tucky2 case ( ,rank9 vs4 ,lydia1 #b ,m>%all's ,reps4 #djg2 see also1 ,wilson vs4 ,isbell1 #e ,call's ,reps4 #dbe1 ,spotts vs4 ,gillespie1 #f ,r&olph's ,reps4 #eff4 ,! ,/ate vs4 ,lasselle1 #a ,black=d's ,reps4 #fj1 ,m>ie ,l\ise vs4 ,m>iot1 #h ,la4 ,reps4 #dge4 ,9 ?is case1 :i* 0 tri$ 9 #ahcf1 ! slave _h be5 tak5 by h] ma/] to ,france & br\ght back2 ,judge ,ma!ws1 ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,l\isiana1 decid$ t resid5ce = "o mom5t "u ! laws ( ,france emancipat$ h]4 #f4 ,em95t /atesm51 !mselves slavehold]s1 h conc$$ ?is p[]4 ,wa%+ton1 9 a lett] to ,rob]t ,morris1 dat$ ,april #ab1 #aghf1 says3 ,!re is n a man liv+1 :o wi%es m s9c]ely ?an ,i d1 to see a plan adopt$ = ! abolition ( slav]y2 b !re is only "o prop] & effectual mode by :i* x c be accompli%$1 & t is by legislative au?ority4 ,9 a lett] to ,lafayette1 dat$ ,may #aj1 #aghf1 he says3 ,x 7! abolition ( slav]y7 c]ta9ly might1 & assur$ly ought to be effect$1 & t too by legislative au?ority4 ,9 a lett] to ,john ,f5ton ,m]c]1 dat$ ,sept4 #i1 #aghf1 he says3 ,x is among my fir/ wi%es to see "s plan adopt$ by :i* slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry may be aboli%$ by law4 ,9 a lett] to ,sir ,john ,s9clair1 he says3 ,!re are 9 ,p5nsylvania1 laws = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 :i* nei!r ,m>yl& nor ,virg9ia h at pres5t1 b :i* no?+ is m c]ta9 t t !y mu/ h1 & at a p]iod n remote4 ,speak+ ( movem5ts 9 ! ,virg9ia ,legislature 9 #aggg1 = ! passage ( a law emancipat+ ! slaves1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son says3 ,! pr9ciples ( ! am5dm5t 7 agre$ on1 t is to say1 ! fre$om ( all born aft] a c]ta9 day2 b x 0 f\nd t ! public m9d w\ld n be> ! proposition1 yet ! day is n f> di/ant1 :5 x mu/ be> & adopt x4--,jeff]son's ,memoirs1 v4 #a1 p4 #ce4 ,x is well kn[n t ,jeff]son1 ,p5dleton1 ,mason1 ,wy! & ,lee1 :ile act+ z a committee ( ! ,virg9ia ,h\se ( ,delegates to revise ! ,/ate ,laws1 prep>$ a plan = ! gradual emancipation ( ! slaves by law4 ,^! m5 7 ! great lights ( ,virg9ia4 ,mason1 ! au?or ( ! ,virg9ia ,con/itution2 ,p5dleton1 ! ,presid5t ( ! memorable ,virg9ia ,conv5tion 9 #aghg1 & ,presid5t ( ! ,virg9ia ,c\rt ( ,appeals2 ,wy! 0 ! ,black/one ( ! ,virg9ia b5*1 = a qu>t] ( a c5tury ,*ancellor ( ! ,/ate1 ! pr(essor ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 & ! preceptor ( ,jeff]son1 ,madison1 & ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all4 ,he 0 au?or ( ! celebrat$ remon/rance to ! ,engli% ,h\se ( ,commons on ! subject ( ! /amp act4 ,z to ,jeff]son1 8 "n is 8 biography4 ,e slavehold+ memb] ( ,congress f ! ,/ates ( ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 vot$ = ! celebrat$ ord9ance ( #aghg1 :i* aboli%$ ! slav]y !n exi/+ 9 ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 9 8 well kn[n lett] to ,rob]t ,pleasants1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,janu>y #ah1 #aggc1 says3 ,i believe a "t w come :5 an opportunity w be (f]$ to aboli% ?is lam5table evil4 ,william ,p9kney1 ( ,m>yl&1 advocat$ ! abolition ( slav]y by law1 9 ! legislature ( t ,/ate1 9 #aghi4 ,lu!r ,m>t9 urg$ ! same measure bo? 9 ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion1 & 9 8 report to ! ,legislature ( ,m>yl&4 ,9 #agif1 ,/4 ,george ,tuck]1 pr(essor ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 & ,judge ( ! ,g5]al ,c\rt1 publi%$ an elaborate diss]tation on slav]y1 address$ to ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,/ate1 & urg+ ^u !m ! abolition ( slav]y by law4 ,john ,jay1 :ile ,new-,york 0 yet a slave ,/ate1 & himself 9 law a slavehold]1 said 9 a lett] f ,spa91 9 #aghf1 ,an excell5t law might be made out ( ! ,p5nsylvania "o1 = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y4 ,7 ,i 9 y\r legislature1 ,i w\ld pres5t a bill = ! purpose1 drawn up ) great c>e1 & ,i w\ld nev] cease mov+ x till x became a law1 or ,i ceas$ to be a memb]4 ,daniel ,d4 ,tompk9s1 9 a message to ! ,legislature ( ,new-,york1 ,janu>y #h1 #ahab1 said3 ,to devise ! means = ! gradual & ultimate ext]m9ation f among/ u ( slav]y1 is "w wor?y ! repres5tatives ( a poli%$ & enlight5$ nation4 ,! ,virg9ia ,legislature ass]t$ ?is p[] 9 #ahcb4 ,at ! close ( a mon?'s debate1 ! foll[+ proce$+s 7 _h4 ,i extract f an editorial article ( ! ,ri*mond ,:ig1 ( ,janu>y #bf1 #ahcb4 ,! report ( ! ,select ,committee1 adv]se to legislation on ! subject ( ,abolition1 0 9 ^! words3 ,resolv$1 z ! op9ion ( ?is ,committee1 t x is ,,inexp$i5t ,,= ,,! ,,pres5t1 to make any legislative enactm5ts = ! abolition ( ,slav]y4 ,?is ,report ,mr4 ,pre/on mov$ to rev]se1 & ?us to decl>e t x 0 exp$i5t1 n[ to make ,legislative enactm5ts = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,?is 0 meet+ ! "q 9 its /ronge/ =m4 ,x dem&$ action1 & imm$iate action4 ,on ?is proposition ! vote 0 #eh to #gc4 ,_m ( ! mo/ decid$ fri5ds ( abolition vot$ aga9/ ! am5dm5t2 because !y ?\ght public op9ion n suffici5tly prep>$ = x1 & t x might prejudice ! cause to move too rapidly4 ,! vote on ,mr4 ,wit*]'s motion to po/pone ! :ole subject indef9itely1 indicates ! true /ate ( op9ion 9 ! ,h\se4--,t 0 ! te/ "q1 & 0 s int5d$ & proclaim$ by its mov]4 ,t motion 0 negativ$1 #ga to #fj2 %[+ a majority ( #aa1 :o by t vote1 decl>$ _! belief t at ! prop] "t1 & 9 ! prop] mode1 ,virg9ia ought to comm5ce a sy/em ( gradual abolition4 #h4 ,! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h ass]t$ ?is p[]4 ,! ord9ance ( '#hg1 decl>+ t !re %\ld be nei!r slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude1 9 ! ,nor? ,we/]n t]ritory1 aboli%$ ! slav]y !n exi/+ !re4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,mississippi1 9 its decision 9 ! case ( ,h>vey vs4 ,deck]1 ,walk]'s ,mi4 ,reps4 #cf1 decl>$ t ! ord9ance emancipat$ ! slaves !n held !re4 ,9 ?is decision ! "q is argu$ ably & at great l5g?4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,l\isiana made ! same decision 9 ! case ( ,=sy? vs4 ,na%1 #d ,m>t9's ,la4 ,reps #che4 ,! same doctr9e 0 laid d[n by ,judge ,port]1 7late ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator f ,l\isiana17 9 8 decision at ! ,m>* t]m ( ! ,la4 ,supreme ,c\rt1 #ahcj1 9 ! case ( ,m]ry vs4 ,*exnaid]1 #bj ,m>t9's ,reps4 #fii4 ,t ! ord9ance aboli%$ ! slav]y !n exi/+1 is also %[n by ! fact1 t p]sons hold+ slaves 9 ! t]ritory petition$ = ! repeal ( ! article aboli%+ slav]y1 assign+ t z a reason4 ,! petition ( ! citiz5s ( ,r&olph & ,/4 ,clair c\nties 9 ! ,ill9ois c\ntry1 /at+ t !y 7 9 possession ( slaves1 & pray+ ! repeal ( t act 7! #f? article ( ! ord9ance ( '#hg7 & ! passage ( a law legaliz+ slav]y !re4 ,am4 ,/ate pap]s1 ,public ,l&s1 v4 #a4 p4 #fi1 ,congress pass$ ?is ord9ance be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution 0 adopt$1 :5 x d]iv$ all its au?ority f ! articles ( ,conf$]ation1 :i* conf]r$ p[]s ( legislation f> m re/rict$ ?an ^? conf]r$ on ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict & ,t]ritories by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution4 ,n[1 we ask1 h[ does ! ,con/itution abridge ! p[]s :i* ,congress possess$ "u ! articles ( conf$]ation8 ,! abolition ( ! slave trade by ,congress1 9 #ahjh1 is ano!r illu/ration ( ! compet5cy ( legislative p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,! ,african slave trade has become su* a m]e te*nic1 9 common p>lance1 t ! fact ( its be+ prop] slav]y is ov]look$4 ,! buy+ & sell+1 ! transportation1 & ! horrors ( ! middle passage1 7 m]e incid5ts ( ! slav]y 9 :i* ! victims 7 held4 ,let ?+s be call$ by _! own names4 ,:5 ,congress aboli%$ ! ,african slave trade1 x aboli%$ ,,slav]y--supreme slav]y--p[] frantic ) lic5se1 trampl+ a :ole hemisph]e sca!d ) its fires1 & runn+ d[n ) blood4 ,true1 ,congress did n1 9 ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 aboli% all ! slav]y )9 its jurisdiction1 b x did aboli% all ! slav]y 9 "o "p ( its jurisdiction4 ,:at has rifl$ x ( p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ano!r "p ( its jurisdiction1 especially 9 t "p :]e x has exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]8 #i4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates recognizes ?is p[] by ! mo/ conclusive implication4 ,9 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #c1 clause #a1 x prohibits ! abolition ( ! slave trade previ\s to #ahjh3 ?us imply+ ! p[] ( ,congress to d x at once1 b = ! re/riction2 & its p[] to d x unconditionally1 :5 t re/riction ceas$4 ,aga93 ,9 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #b1 ,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o /ate "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f said s]vice or labor4 ,?is clause 0 ins]t$1 z all admit1 to prev5t ! runaway slave f be+ emancipat$ by ! laws ( ! free /ates4 ,if ^! laws _h no p[] to emancipate1 :y ?is con/itutional gu>d to prev5t x8 ,! ins]tion ( ! clause1 0 ! te/imony ( ! em95t juri/s t fram$ ! ,con/itution1 to ! exi/5ce ( ! p[]1 & _! public proclamation1 t ! abolition ( slav]y 0 )9 ! appropriate sph]e ( legislation4 ,! "r ( ! own] to t :i* is rightfully prop]ty1 is f\nd$ on a pr9ciple ( univ]sal law1 & is recognis$ & protect$ by all civiliz$ nations2 prop]ty 9 slaves is1 by g5]al cons5t1 an exception2 h5ce slavehold]s insi/$ ^u ! ins]tion ( ?is clause 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution t !y might secure by an express provision1 t f :i* protection is )held1 by ! ackn[l$g$ pr9ciples ( univ]sal law4,a ,by dem&+ ?is provision1 slavehold]s cons5t$ t _! slaves %\ld n be recognis$ z prop]ty by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution1 & h5ce !y f\nd _! claim1 on ! fact ( _! be+ p]sons1 & held to s]vice4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! fact1 t "u ! articles ( ,conf$]ation1 slavehold]s1 ^: slaves _h escap$ into free /ates1 _h no legal p[] to =ce !m back1--t n[ !y h no p[] to recov]1 by process ( law1 _! slaves :o escape to ,canada1 ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,/ates1 or to ,europe--! case already cit$ 9 :i* ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,l\isiana decid$1 t resid5ce = "o mom5t1 "u ! laws ( ,france emancipat$ an ,am]ican slave--! case ( ,fulton1 vs4 ,lewis1 #c ,h>4 & ,john's ,reps41 #ef1 :]e ! slave ( a ,/4 ,dom+o slavehold]1 :o br\ght him to ,m>yl& 9 '#ic1 0 pron\nc$ free by ! ,m>yl& ,c\rt ( ,appeals--^!1 ) o!r facts & cases too num]\s to m5tion1 are illu/rations ( ! ackn[l$g$ tru? "h ass]t$1 t by ! cons5t ( ! civiliz$ _w1 & on ! pr9ciples ( univ]sal law1 slaves are n prop]ty1 b self-proprietors1 & t :5ev] held z prop]ty "u law1 x is only by positive legislative acts1 =cibly sett+ aside ! law ( nature1 ! common law1 & ! pr9ciples ( univ]sal ju/ice & "r betwe5 man & man1--pr9ciples p>am\nt to all law1 & f :i* alone law d]ives its intr9sic au?oritative sanction4 ,b waiv+ all concessions1 :e!r ( con/itutions1 laws1 judicial decisions1 or common cons5t1 ,i take ! position t ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 foll[s f ! fact1 t z ! sole legislature !re1 x has unque/ionable p[] to adopt ! ,common ,law1 z ! legal sy/em )9 its exclusive jurisdiction4 ,?is has be5 done1 ) c]ta9 re/rictions1 9 mo/ ( ! ,/ates1 ei!r by legislative acts or by con/itutional implication4 ,,! ,,common ,,law ,,kn[s ,,no ,,slaves4 ,its pr9ciples annihilate slav]y :]ev] !y t\* x4 ,x is a univ]sal1 unconditional1 abolition act4 ,:]ev] slav]y is a legal sy/em1 x is s only by /atute law1 & 9 violation ( common law4 ,! decl>ation ( ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,holt1 t by ! common law1 no man c h prop]ty 9 ano!r1 is an ackn[l$g$ axiom1 & bas$ ^u ! well kn[n common law def9ition ( prop]ty4 ,! subjects ( dom9ion or prop]ty are ?+s1 z contra-di/+ui%$ f p]sons4 ,let ,congress adopt ! common law 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & slav]y !re is at once aboli%$4 ,congress may well be at home 9 common law legislation1 = ! common law is ! gr& elem5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution4 ,all its fundam5tal provisions are in/9ct ) its _s2 & its exi/5ce1 pr9ciples & p>am\nt au?ority1 are presuppos$ & assum$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole4 ,! preamble ( ! ,con/itution plants ! /&>d ( ! ,common ,law immovably 9 its =egr\nd4 ,we1 ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to ,,e/abli% ,,ju/ice1 c41 d orda9 & e/abli% ?is ,con/itution2 ?us proclaim+ devotion to ju/ice1 z ! controll+ motive 9 ! organization ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & its secure e/abli%m5t ! *ief object ( its aims4 ,by ?is mo/ solemn recognition1 ! common law1 t gr& legal embodim5t ( ju/ice & fundam5tal "r 0 made ! gr\ndwork ( ! ,con/itution1 & intr5*$ beh9d its /ronge/ munitions4 ,! second clause ( ,sec4 #i1 ,art4 #a2 ,sec4 #d1 ,art4 #b1 & ! la/ clause ( ,sec4 #b1 ,art4 #c1 ) ,articles #g1 #h1 #i1 & #ac ( ! ,am5dm5ts1 are also express recognitions ( ! common law z ! presid+ ,g5ius ( ! ,con/itution4 ,by adopt+ ! common law )9 its exclusive jurisdiction ,congress w\ld c>ry out ! pr9ciples ( our glori\s ,decl>ation1 & foll[ ! highe/ prec$5ts 9 our national hi/ory & jurisprud5ce4 ,x is a political maxim z old z civil legislation1 t laws %\ld be /rictly homog5e\s ) ! pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5t ^: w !y express1 embody+ & c>ry+ !m out--be+ inde$ ! pr9ciples !mselves1 9 preceptive =m--repres5tatives alike ( ! nature & ! p[] ( ! ,gov]nm5t--/&+ illu/rations ( its g5ius & _s1 :ile !y proclaim & en=ce its au?ority4 ,:o ne$s be told t slav]y is 9 antagonism to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,decl>ation1 & ! _s ( ! ,con/itution1 & t ^! & ! pr9ciples ( ! common law gravitate t[>d ea* o!r ) irrepressible aff9ities1 & m+le into "o8 ,! common law came hi!r ) our pilgrim fa!rs2 x 0 _! bir?right1 _! panoply1 _! glory1 & _! song ( rejoic+ 9 ! h\se ( _! pilgrimage4 ,x cov]$ !m 9 ! day ( _! calamity1 & _! tru/ 0 "u ! %ad[ ( its w+s4 ,f ! fir/ settlem5t ( ! c\ntry1 ! g5ius ( our in/itutions & our national _s h claim$ x z a common possession1 & exult$ 9 x ) a common pride4 ,a c5tury ago1 ,gov]nor ,p[nall1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t con/itutional juri/s ( colonial times1 said ( ! common law1 ,9 all ! colonies ! common law is receiv$ z ! f\ndation & ma9 body ( _! law4 ,9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights1 made by ! ,cont95tal ,congress at its fir/ session 9 '#gd1 !re 0 ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 ,t ! respective colonies are entitl$ to ! common law ( ,engl&1 & especially to ! great & ine/imable privilege ( be+ tri$ by _! pe]s ( ! vic9age accord+ to ! c\rse ( t law4 ,soon aft] ! organization ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,ellswor?1 9 "o ( 8 decisions on ! b5* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 said3 ,! common law ( ?is c\ntry rema9s ! same z x 0 be=e ! revolution4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 9 8 decision 9 ! case ( ,liv+/on vs4 ,jeff]son1 said3 ,:5 our ance/ors migrat$ to ,am]ica1 !y br\ght ) !m ! common law ( _! native c\ntry1 s f> z x 0 applicable to _! new situation & ,i d n conceive t ! revolution 9 any degree *ang$ ! relations ( man to man1 or ! law :i* regulates !m4 ,9 break+ our political connection ) ! p>5t /ate1 we did n break our connection ) ea* o!r4 ,see,hall's ,law ,j\rnal1 new s]ies4 ,mr4 ,duponceau1 9 8 ,diss]tation on ! ,jurisdiction ( ,c\rts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 says1 ,i consid] ! common law ( ,engl& ! jus commune ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i ?9k ,i c lay x d[n z a correct pr9ciple1 t ! common law ( ,engl&1 z x 0 at ! "t ( ! decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 /ill cont9ues to be ! national law ( ?is c\ntry1 s f> z x is applicable to our pres5t /ate1 & subject to ! modifications x has receiv$ "h 9 ! c\rse ( ne>ly half a c5tury4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,taylor ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 8 decision 9 ! case ( ! ,/ate vs4 ,re$1 9 #ahbc1 ,hawkes' ,n4,c4 ,reps4 #ded1 says1 a law ( p>am\nt obligation to ! /atute 0 violat$ by ! (f5ce--,,common ,,law1 f\nd$ ^u ! law ( nature1 & confirm$ by revelation4 ,! legislation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\nds 9 recognitions ( ! pr9ciples ( ! common law1 ass]t+ _! p>am\nt b9d+ p[]4 ,sp>+ details1 ( :i* our national /ate pap]s are full1 we illu/rate by a s+le in/ance4 ,x 0 made a condition ( ! admission ( ,l\isiana into ! ,union1 t ! "r ( trial by jury %\ld be secur$ to all h] citiz5s1--! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t ?us employ+ its p[] to enl>ge ! jurisdiction ( ! common law 9 ?is its great repres5tative4 ,hav+ %[n t ! abolition ( slav]y is )9 ! compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[]1 :5 unre/rict$ by con/itutional provisions1 & t ! legislation ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict is ?us unre/rict$1 its p[] to aboli% slav]y !re is e/abli%$4 ,besides ?is g5]al gr\nd1 ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict may be bas$ ^u ano!r equally t5able4 ,we argue x f ! fact1 t slav]y exi/s !re n[ by an act ( ,congress4 ,9 ! act ( #af? ,july1 #agij1 ,congress accept$ portions ( t]ritory (f]$ by ! /ates ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 & enact$ t ! laws1 z !y !n 71 %\ld cont9ue 9 =ce1 until ,congress %all o!rwise by law provide2 ?us mak+ ! slave codes ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia its own4 ,"u ^! laws1 adopt$ by ,congress1 & 9 effect re-enact$ & made laws ( ! ,di/rict1 ! slaves !re are n[ held4 ,is ,congress s impot5t 9 its own exclusive jurisdiction t x _c o!rwise by law provide8 ,if x c say1 :at %all be consid]$ prop]ty1 x c say :at %all n be consid]$ prop]ty4 ,suppose a legislature enacts1 t m>riage contracts %all be m]e bills ( sale1 mak+ a husb& ! proprietor ( 8 wife1 z 8 bona fide prop]ty2 & suppose husb&s %\ld h]d _! wives 9 droves = ! m>ket z bea/s ( burd51 or = ! bro!l z victims ( lu/1 & !n prate ab\t _! inviolable legal prop]ty1 & d5y ! p[] ( ! legislature1 :i* /amp$ !m prop]ty1 to undo its own wrong1 & secure to wives by law ! rights ( human be+s4 ,w\ld su* cant ab\t legal rights be he$$ :]e reason & ju/ice held sway1 & :]e law1 bas$ ^u fundam5tal morality1 receiv$ homage8 ,if a frantic legislature pron\nces woman a *attel1 has x no p[]1 ) return+ reason1 to take back ! blasphemy8 ,is ! impi\s edict irrepealable8 ,be x1 t ) legal =ms x has /amp$ wives w>es4 ,c no legislation blot out ! br&8 ,mu/ ! h&writ+ ( ,deity on human nature be expung$ = ev]8 ,has law no p[] to /ay ! eras+ p51 & te> (f ! scrawl$ label t cov]s up ! ,,image ,,( ,,god8 ,we n[ proce$ to %[ t ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,congress ,,to ,,aboli% ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,di/rict ,,has ,,be51 ,,till ,,rec5tly1 ,,univ]sally ,,conc$$4 #a4 ,x has be5 assum$ by ,congress itself4 ,! foll[+ record /&s on ! j\rnals ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives = #ahjd1 p4 #bbe3 ,on motion made & second$ t ! ,h\se d come to ! foll[+ resolution3 ',resolv$1 ,t f & aft] ! #d? day ( ,july1 #ahje1 all blacks & p ( color t %all be born )9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or ^: mo!rs %all be ! prop]ty ( any p]son resid+ )9 said ,di/rict1 %all be free1 ! males at ! age ( ----1 & ! females at ! age ( ----4 ,! ma9 "q be+ tak5 t ! ,h\se d agree to said motion z orig9ally propos$1 x 0 negativ$ by a majority ( #df4' ,?\gh ! motion 0 lo/1 x 0 on ! gr\nd ( its alleg$ inexp$i5cy alone1 & n because ,congress lack$ ! con/itutional p[]4 ,9 ! debate :i* prec$$ ! vote1 ! p[] ( ,congress 0 conc$$4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahaf1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ! foll[+ resolution3--,resolv$1 ,t a committee be appo9t$ to inquire into ! exi/5ce ( an inhuman & illegal traffic 9 slaves1 c>ri$ on 9 & ?r\gh ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & to report :e!r any & :at measures are necess>y = putt+ a /op to ! same4 ,on ! #i? ( ,janu>y1 #ahbi1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ! foll[+ resolution by a vote ( #aad to #ff3 ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,committee on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia be in/ruct$ to inquire into ! exp$i5cy ( provid+ by law = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y )9 ! ,di/rict1 9 su* mann] t ! int]e/s ( no individual %all be injur$ !reby4 ,among ^? :o vot$ 9 ! affirmative 7 ,messrs4 ,b>ney ( ,md41 ,arm/rong ( ,va41 ,a4,h4 ,%epp]d ( ,n4,c41 ,blair ( ,t5n41 ,*ilton & ,lyon ( ,ky41 ,johns ( ,delaw>e1 & o!rs f slave /ates4 #b4 ,x has be5 conc$$ directly1 or impli$ly1 by all ! committees on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia t h report$ on ! subject4 ,9 a report ( ! committee on ! ,di/rict1 ,jan4 #aa1 #ahcg1 by _! *airman1 ,mr4 ,p[ell ( ,virg9ia1 !re is ! foll[+ decl>ation ,! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 has by ! con/itution exclusive jurisdiction ov] ! ,di/rict1 & has p[] ^u ?is subject1 7slav]y7 z ^u all o!r subjects ( legislation1 to ex]cise unlimit$ discretion4 ,reps4 ( ,comms4 #b;d ,session1 #ai? ,cong4 v4 ,i4 ,no4 #dc4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahbi1 ! committee on ! ,di/rict1 ,mr4 ,alex&] ( ,virg9ia1 ,*airman1 9 _! report pursuant to ,mr4 ,m9]'s resolutions1 recognize a cont+5t abolition proce$+ ^u ! cons5t ( ! p4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahca1 ! committee on ! ,di/rict1 ,mr4 ,doddridge ( ,virg9ia1 ,*airman1 report$1 ,t until ! adjo9+ /ates act on ! subject 7slav]y7 x w\ld be 7n uncon/itutional b7 unwise & impolitic1 if n unju/1 = ,congress to int]f]e4 ,9 ,april1 #ahcf1 a special committee on abolition memorials report$ ! foll[+ resolutions by _! ,*airman1 ,mr4 ,p9ckney ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a3 ,resolv$1 t ,congress possesses no con/itutional au?ority to int]f]e 9 any way ) ! in/itution ( slav]y 9 any ( ! /ates ( ?is conf$]acy4 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress ought n to int]f]e 9 any way ) slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,ought n to int]f]e1 c>efully avoid+ ! phraseology ( ! fir/ resolution1 & ?us 9 effect conc$+ ! con/itutional p[]4 ,9 a widely circulat$ ,address to ! electors ( ! ,*>le/on ,di/rict1 ,mr4 ,p9ckney is ?us d5\nc$ by 8 own con/itu5ts3 ,he has propos$ a resolution :i* is receiv$ by ! pla9 common s5se ( ! :ole c\ntry z a concession t ,congress has au?ority to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 #c4 ,x has be5 conc$$ by ! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict4 ,a petition = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 sign$ by ne>ly elev5 hundr$ ( its citiz5s1 0 pres5t$ to ,congress1 ,m>* #bd1 #ahcg4 ,among ! sign]s to ?is petition1 7 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,cran*1 ,judge ,van ,ness1 ,judge ,morsel1 ,pr(4 ,j4,m4 ,/aughton1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,bal*1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,kei?1 ,john ,m4 ,munroe1 & a l>ge numb] ( ! mo/ influ5tial inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict4 ,mr4 ,dickson1 ( ,new ,york1 ass]t$ on ! floor ( ,congress 9 #ahce1 t ! sign]s ( ?is petition own$ m ?an half ( ! prop]ty 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! accuracy ( ?is /atem5t has nev] be5 que/ion$4 ,?is p[] has be5 conc$$ by gr& juries ( ! ,di/rict4 ,! gr& jury ( ! c\nty ( ,alex&ria1 at ! ,m>* t]m #ahjb1 pres5t$ ! dome/ic slave trade z a grievance1 & said1 ,we consid] ^! grievances dem&+ legislative r$ress4 ,jan4 #ai1 #ahbi1 ,mr4 ,alex&]1 ( ,virg9ia1 pres5t$ a repres5tation ( ! gr& jury 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 remon/rat+ aga9/ any measure = ! abolition ( slav]y )9 said ,di/rict1 unless accompani$ by measures = ! removal ( ! emancipat$ f ! same2 ?us1 n only conc$+ ! p[] to emancipate slaves1 b affirm+ an additional p[]1 t ( exclud+ !m :5 free4 ,see ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbh-i1 p4 #agd4 #d4 ,?is p[] has be5 conc$$ by ,/ate ,legislatures4 ,9 #ahbh ! ,legislature ( ,p5nsylvania in/ruct$ _! ,s5ators 9 ,congress to procure1 if practicable1 ! passage ( a law to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,jan4 #bh1 #ahbi1 ! ,h\se ( ,assembly ( ,new ,york pass$ a resolution1 t _! ,s5ators 9 ,congress be in/ruct$ to make e possible ex]tion to effect ! passage ( a law = ! abolition ( ,slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahcg1 ! ,s5ate ( ,massa*usetts ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress hav+ exclusive legislation 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 possess ! "r to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade !re91 & t ! e>ly ex]cise ( su* "r is dem&$ by ! enlight5$ s5tim5t ( ! civiliz$ _w1 by ! pr9ciples ( ! revolution1 & by humanity4 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ! foll[+ resolution at ! same session3 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress hav+ exclusive legislation 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 possess ! "r to aboli% slav]y 9 said ,di/rict1 & t its ex]cise %\ld only be re/ra9$ by a reg>d to ! public good4 ,novemb] #a1 #ahcg1 ! ,legislature ( ,v]mont1 ,resolv$1 t ,congress h ! full p[] by ! con/itution to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & 9 ! t]ritories4 ,! ,legislature ( ,v]mont pass$ 9 sub/ance ! same resolution1 at its session 9 #ahcf4 ,may #cj1 #ahcf1 a committee ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,legislature report$ ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress does possess ! con/itutional p[]1 & x is exp$i5t to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade )9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahcf1 ! ,legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,resolv$1 ,t we %\ld consid] ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia z a violation ( ! rights ( ! citiz5s ( t ,di/rict d]iv$ f ! impli$ conditions on :i* t t]ritory 0 c$$ to ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,in/ead ( d5y+ ! con/itutional p[]1 !y virtually admit its exi/5ce1 by /riv+ to smo!r x "u an implication4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahcf1 ! ,legislature ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,resolv$1 ,t1 al?\gh by ! ,con/itution all legislative p[] ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia is ve/$ 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 yet we w\ld deprecate any legislative action on ! "p ( t body t[>ds lib]at+ ! slaves ( t ,di/rict1 z a brea* ( fai? t[>ds ^? ,/ates by :om ! t]ritory 0 orig9ally c$$1 & w reg>d su* int]f]5ce z ! fir/ /ep t[>ds a g5]al emancipation ( ! slaves ( ! ,s\?4 ,"h is a full concession ( ! p[]1 ,febru>y #b1 #ahcf1 ! ,virg9ia ,legislature pass$ unanim\sly ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 by ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,virg9ia1 t ! foll[+ article be propos$ to ! sev]al /ates ( ?is ,union1 & to ,congress1 z an am5dm5t ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ',! p[]s ( ,congress %all n be s con/ru$ z to au?orize ! passage ( any law = ! emancipation ( slaves 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! individual proprietors !re(1 unless by ! sanction ( ! ,legislatures ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 & "u su* conditions z !y %all by law prescribe4' ,fifty ye>s aft] ! =mation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution ! /ates are solemnly call$ ^u by ! ,virg9ia ,legislature1 to am5d t in/rum5t by a clause ass]t+ t1 9 ! grant to ,congress ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] ! ,di/rict1 ! case ( slav]y is n includ$66 ,:at c\ld h dictat$ su* a resolution b ! conviction t ! p[] to aboli% slav]y is an irresi/ible int]f]5ce f ! con/itution z x is4 ,! fact t ! same legislature pass$ aft]w>d a resolution1 ?\gh by no means unanim\sly1 t ,congress does n possess ! p[]1 abates n a tittle ( ! te/imony 9 ! fir/ resolution4 ,m>* #bc;d1 #ahbd1 ,mr4 ,br[n pres5t$ ! resolutions ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,ohio1 recomm5d+ to ,congress ! consid]ation ( a sy/em = ! gradual emancipation ( p]sons ( color held 9 s]vitude 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on ! same day1 ,mr4 ,noble1 ( ,indiana1 communicat$ a resolution f ! legislature ( t /ate1 respect+ ! gradual emancipation ( slaves )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 = #ahbd-e1 p4 #bca4 ,! ,ohio & ,indiana resolutions1 by tak+ = grant$ ! g5]al p[] ( ,congress ov] ! subject ( slav]y1 d virtually ass]t its special p[] )9 its exclusive jurisdiction4 #e4 ,! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 has be5 conc$$ by bodies ( citiz5s 9 ! slave /ates4 ,! petition ( elev5 hundr$ citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 9 #ahbg1 has be5 already m5tion$4 ,m>* #e1 #ahcj1 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton pres5t$ a memorial ( inhabitants ( ! c\nty ( ,fr$]ick1 9 ! /ate ( ,m>yl&1 pray+ t provision may be made = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbi-cj1 p4 #ceh4 ,m>* #cj1 #ahbh4 ,mr4 ,a4,h4 ,%epp]d1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 pres5t$ a memorial ( citiz5s ( t /ate1 pray+ ,congress to take measures fur ! entire abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbi-cj1 p4 #cgi4 ,janu>y #ad1 #ahbb4 ,mr4 ,rhea1 ( ,t5nessee1 pres5t$ a memorial ( citiz5s ( t /ate1 pray+ t provision may be made1 :]eby all slaves :i* may h]eaft] be born 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 %all be free at a c]ta9 p]iod ( _! lives4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahba-bb1 p4 #adb4 ,decemb] #ac1 #ahbd4 ,mr4 ,saund]s ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 pres5t$ a memorial ( citiz5s ( t /ate1 pray+ t measures may be tak5 = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbd-be1 p4 #bg4 ,decemb] #af1 #ahbh4 ,mr4 ,b>n>d pres5t$ ! memorial ( ! ,am]ican ,conv5tion = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 held 9 ,baltimore1 pray+ t slav]y may be aboli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,j\rnal ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 #ahbh-bi1 p4 #bd4 #f4 ,di/+ui%$ /atesm5 & juri/s 9 ! slavehold+ /ates1 h conc$$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! te/imony ( ,messrs4 ,doddridge1 ,p[ell1 & ,alex&]1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,cran*1 & ,judges ,morsell & ,van ,ness1 ( ! ,di/rict1 has already be5 giv54 ,9 ! debate 9 ,congress on ! memorial ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 9 #agij1 ,mr4 ,madison1 9 speak+ ( ! t]ritories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 explicitly decl>$1 f 8 own k ( ! views ( ! memb]s ( ! conv5tion t fram$ ! con/itution1 z well z f ! obvi\s import ( its t]ms1 t 9 ! t]ritories ,congress h c]ta9ly ! p[] to regulate ! subject ( slav]y4 ,congress c h no m p[] ov] ! t]ritories ?an t ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 consequ5tly1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,madison1 x has c]ta9ly ! p[] to regulate ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahaf1 ,john ,r&olph introduc$ a resolution = putt+ a /op to ! dome/ic slave trade )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,decemb] #ab1 #ahbg1 ,mr4 ,b>ney1 ( ,m>yl&1 pres5t$ a memorial = abolition 9 ! ,di/rict1 & mov$ t x be pr9t$4 ,mr4 ,mc,duffie1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 object$ to ! pr9t+1 b expressly admitt$ ! "r ( ,congress to grant to ! p ( ! ,di/rict any measures :i* !y might deem necess>y to free !mselves f ! deplorable evil4--7,see lett] ( ,mr4 ,claiborne1 ( ,mississippi1 to 8 con/itu5ts1 publi%$ 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,globe1 ,may #i1 #ahcf47 ,! s5tim5ts ( ,h5ry ,clay on ! subject are well kn[n4 ,9 a spee* be=e ! ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 9 #ahcf1 he decl>$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict unque/ionable4 ,messrs4 ,blair1 ( ,t5nessee1 ,*ilton1 ,lyon1 & ,ri*>d ,m4 ,johnson1 ( ,k5tucky1 ,a4,h4 ,%epp]d1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,messrs4 ,arm/rong & ,smy?1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,messrs4 ,dorsey1 ,ar*]1 & ,b>ney1 ( ,m>yl&1 & ,johns1 ( ,delaw>e1 ) num]\s o!rs f slave /ates1 h ass]t$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,9 ! spee* ( ,mr4 ,smy?1 ( ,virg9ia1 on ! ,miss\ri "q1 ,janu>y #bh1 #ahbj1 he says on ?is po9t3 ,if ! future fre$om ( ! blacks is y\r real object1 & n a m]e pret5ce1 :y d y n beg9 "h8 ,)9 ! t5 miles squ>e1 y h und\bt$ p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation4 ,produce a bill to emancipate ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or1 if y pref] x1 to emancipate ^? born h]eaft]4 ,to ?is may be add$ ! te/imony ( ! pres5t ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,hon4 ,ri*>d ,m4 ,johnson1 ( ,k5tucky4 ,9 a spee* be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,s5ate1 ,febru>y #a1 #ahbj1 7,national ,intellig5c]1 ,april #bi1 #ahbj17 he says3 ,congress has ! express p[] /ipulat$ by ! ,con/itution1 to ex]cise exclusive legislation ov] ?is ,di/rict ( t5 miles squ>e4 ,"h slav]y is sanction$ by law4 ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 conta9+ a population ( #cj1jjj s\ls1 & probably z _m slaves z ! :ole t]ritory ( ,miss\ri1 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,provid+ ,,= ,,_! ,,emancipation ,,re/s ,,) ,,congress ,,alone4 ,:y1 !n1 let me ask1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 :y all ?is s5sibility--?is commis]ation--?is he>t-r5d+ sympa?y = ! slaves ( ,miss\ri1 & ?is cold ins5sibility1 ?is et]nal apa?y1 t[>ds ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia8 ,x is q unnecess>y to add1 t ! mo/ di/+ui%$ nor!rn /atesm5 ( bo? political p>ties1 h always affirm$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,presid5t ,van ,bur5 9 8 lett] ( ,m>* #f1 #ahcf1 to a committee ( g5tlem5 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 says1 ,i w\ld n1 f ! light n[ be=e me1 feel myself safe 9 pron\nc+ t ,congress does n possess ! p[] ( aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,?is decl>ation ( ! ,presid5t is consi/5t ) 8 av[$ s5tim5ts t\*+ ! ,miss\ri "q1 on :i* he co9cid$ ) su* m5 z ,daniel ,d4 ,tompk9s1 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton1 & o!rs1 ^: names are a ho/4,a ,x is consi/5t also1 ) 8 recomm5dation 9 8 late message on ! #e? ( la/ mon?1 9 :i*1 speak+ ( ! ,di/rict1 he /rongly urges ^u ,congress a ?or\gh & c>eful revision ( its local gov]nm5t1 speaks ( ! entire dep5d5ce ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict ^u ,congress1 recomm5ds t a uni=m sy/em ( local gov]nm5t be adopt$1 & adds1 t al?\gh x 0 select$ z ! seat ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 ! site ( its public edifices1 ! depository ( its ar*ives1 & ! resid5ce ( (fic]s intru/$ ) l>ge am\nts ( public prop]ty1 & ! managem5t ( public bus9ess1 yet x nev] has be5 subject$ to1 or receiv$1 t special & compreh5sive legislation :i* ^! circum/ances peculi>ly dem&$4 ,footnote ,a3 ,mr4 ,van ,bur51 :5 a memb] ( ! ,s5ate ( ,new-,york1 vot$ = ! foll[+ preamble & resolutions1 :i* pass$ unanim\sly3--,jan4 #bh?1 #ahbj4 ,:]eas1 ! inhibit+ ! fur!r ext5sion ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is a subject ( deep conc]n to ! p ( ?is /ate3 & :]eas1 we consid] slav]y z an evil mu* to be deplor$1 & t e con/itutional b>ri] %\ld be int]pos$ to prev5t its fur!r ext5sion3 & t ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates cle>ly gives congress ! "r to require new /ates1 n compris$ )9 ! orig9al b\nd>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to make ! prohibition ( slav]y a condition ( _! admission into ! ,union3 ,!re=e1 ,resolv$1 ,t our ,s5ators be in/ruct$1 & our memb]s ( ,congress be reque/$1 to oppose ! admission z a /ate into ! ,union1 ( any t]ritory n compris$ z a=esaid1 )\t mak+ ! prohibition ( slav]y !re9 an indisp5sable condition ( admission4 ,! t5or ( ,s5ator ,tallmadge's spee* on ! "r ( petition1 9 ! la/ ,congress1 & ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s on ! reception ( abolition memorials1 may be tak5 z univ]sal expon5ts ( ! s5tim5ts ( nor!rn /atesm5 z to ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,aft] pres5t+ ?is array ( evid5ce1 direct te/imony to %[ t ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 has always till rec5tly be5 univ]sally conc$$1 is p]haps q sup]flu\s4 ,we subjo92 h[ev]1 ! foll[+3 ,! ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 8 spee* on ! ,miss\ri "q1 quot$ above1 aft] cont5d+ t ! re/riction ( slav]y 9 ,miss\ri w\ld be uncon/itutional1 adds1 ,b ,i am at a loss to conceive :y g5tlem5 %\ld ar\se all _! sympa?ies ^u ?is occasion1 :5 !y p]mit !m to lie dormant ^u ! same subject1 9 relation to o!r sections ( c\ntry1 9 :i* ,,_! ,,p[] ,,c\ld ,,n ,,be ,,que/ion$4 ,!n foll[s imm$iately ! ass]tion ( congressional p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 z already quot$4 ,9 ! spee* ( ,mr4 ,smy?1 ( ,va41 also quot$ above1 he decl>es ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict to be ,,und\bt$4 ,mr4 ,su!rl&1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 9 a spee* 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 on ! motion to pr9t ,mr4 ,p9ckney's ,report1 is ?us report$ 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,globe1 ( ,may #i?1 '#cf4 ,he repli$ to ! rem>k t ! report conc$$ t ,congress _h a "r to legislate ^u ! subject 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & said t ,,su* ,a ,,"r ,,_h ,,nev] ,,be51 ,,till ,,rec5tly1 ,,d5i$4 ,! ,am]ican ,qu>t]ly ,review1 publi%$ at ,philadelphia1 ) a l>ge circulation & li/ ( contributors 9 ! slave /ates1 holds ! foll[+ language 9 ! ,septemb] ,no4 #ahcc1 p4 #ee3 ,"u ?is 'exclusive jurisdiction1' grant$ by ! con/itution1 ,congress has p[] to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,x w\ld h>dly be necess>y to /ate ?is z a di/9ct proposition1 _h x n be5 occasionally que/ion$4 ,! tru? ( ! ass]tion1 h[ev]1 is too obvi\s to admit ( argum5t--& we believe ,,has ,,nev] ,,be5 ,,disput$ ,,by ,,p]sons ,,:o ,,are ,,famili> ,,) ,,! ,,con/itution4 ,f9ally--an explicit1 & unexpect$ admission1 t an ov]-:elm+ majority ( ! pres5t ,congress conc$e ! p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 has j be5 made by a memb] ( ,congress f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 a lett] publi%$ 9 ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury ( ,dec4 #bg1 well kn[n z ! m\?-piece ( ,mr4 ,calh\n4 ,! foll[+ is an extract3 ,! "t has arriv$ :5 we mu/ h new gu>antees "u ! con/itution1 or ! union mu/ be dissolv$4 ,our views ( ! con/itution are n ^? ( ! majority4 ,an ov]:elm+ majority ?9k t by ! con/itution1 ,congress may aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia--may aboli% ! slave trade betwe5 ! ,/ates2 t is1 x may prohibit _! be+ c>ri$ out ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* !y are--& prohibit x 9 all ! t]ritories1 ,florida among !m4 ,!y ?9k1 ,,n ,,)\t ,,/rong ,,reasons1 t ! p[] ( ,congress ext5ds to all ( ^! subjects4 ,9 ano!r lett]1 ! same correspond5t says3 ,! fact is1 x is va9 to attempt1 ,,z ,,! ,,con/itution ,,is ,,n[1 to keep ! "q ( slav]y out ( ! halls ( ,congress1--until1 by "s decisive action1 ,,we ,,compel ,,sil5ce1 or alt] ! con/itution1 agitation & insult is our et]nal fate 9 ! conf$]acy4 ,,objections ,,to ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,conclusions ,,consid]$4 ,we n[ proce$ to notice briefly ! ma9 argum5ts t h be5 employ$ 9 ,congress & else:]e aga9/ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,"o ( ! mo/ plausible1 is t ! conditions on :i* ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia c$$ ! ,di/rict to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld be violat$1 if ,congress %\ld aboli% slav]y !re4 ,! reply to ?is is1 t ,congress _h no p[] to accept a cession c\pl$ ) conditions re/rict+ ! p[] giv5 x by ! con/itution4 ,no?+ %ort ( a conv5tion ( ! /ates1 & an alt]ation ( ! con/itution1 abridg+ its grant ( p[]1 c\ld h emp[]$ ,congress to accept a t]ritory on any o!r conditions ?an t ( ex]cis+ exclusive legislation1 9 all cases :atsoev]1 ov] x4 ,to %[ ! futility ( ! objection1 "h foll[ ! acts ( cession4 ,! cession ( ,m>yl& 0 made 9 ,novemb]1 #aghh1 & is z foll[s3 ,an act to c$e to ,congress a di/rict ( t5 miles squ>e 9 ?is /ate = ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,be x enact$1 by ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,m>yl&1 t ! repres5tatives ( ?is /ate 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 appo9t$ to assemble at ,new-,york1 on ! fir/ ,w$nesday ( ,m>* next1 be1 & !y are h]eby au?oriz$ & requir$ on ! behalf ( ?is /ate1 to c$e to ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 any di/rict 9 ?is /ate1 n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e1 :i* ! ,congress may fix ^u1 & accept = ! seat ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,laws ( ,m>yl&1 vol4 #b1 *ap4 #df4 ,! cession f ,virg9ia 0 made by act ( ! ,legislature ( t ,/ate on ! #c;d ( ,decemb]1 #aghh1 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,be x enact$ by ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 ,t a tract ( c\ntry1 n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e1 or any less] quantity1 to be locat$ )9 ! limits ( ! ,/ate1 & 9 any "p !re(1 z ,congress may1 by law1 direct1 %all be1 & ! same is h]eby = ev] c$$ & rel9qui%$ to ! ,congress & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 full & absolute "r1 & exclusive jurisdiction1 z well ( soil1 z ( p]sons resid+ or to reside !reon1 pursuant to ! t5or & effect ( ! eigh? section ( ! fir/ article ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b 7 !re no provisos to ^! acts8 ,! ,m>yl& act _h none4 ,t "p ( ! ,di/rict !re=e1 :i* includes ! cities ( ,wa%+ton & ,georget[n1 c lay claim to no?+ ) :i* to w>d (f ! p[] ( ,congress4 ,! ,virg9ia act _h ?is proviso3 ,sect4 #b4 ,provid$1 t no?+ h]e9 conta9$1 %all be con/ru$ to ve/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates any "r ( prop]ty 9 ! soil1 or to affect ! rights ( individuals !re91 o!rwise ?an ! same %all or may be transf]r$ by su* individuals to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is specification t\*+ ! soil 0 m]ely def9itive & explanatory ( t clause 9 ! act ( cession1 full & absolute "r4 ,in/ead ( re/ra9+ ! p[] ( ,congress on slav]y & o!r subjects1 x ev5 gives x wid] scope2 = exceptions to p>ts ( a rule1 give d\ble confirmation to ^? p>ts n embrac$ 9 ! exceptions4 ,if x 0 ! design ( ! proviso to re/rict congressional action on ! subject ( slav]y1 :y is ! soil alone specifi$8 ,z legal in/rum5ts are n p>agons ( economy 9 words1 might n ,john ,doe1 out ( 8 abundance1 & )\t spoil+ 8 /yle1 h af=d$ an additional ^w--at lea/ a h9t--t slav]y 0 meant1 ?\gh no?+ 0 said ab\t x8 ,! subject mu/ h be5 too delicate1 ev5 = ! mo/ di/ant allusion6 ,! my/]y ( sil5ce is solv$66 ,b aga91 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 9 _! acts ( cession1 decl>e !m to be 9 pursuance ( t clause ( ! con/itution :i* gives to ,congress exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] ! t5 miles squ>e--?us1 in/ead ( re/rict+ t clause1 bo? ,/ates gave an express & decid$ confirmation ( x4 ,n[1 _! acts ( cession ei!r accord$ ) t clause ( ! con/itution1 or !y conflict$ ) x4 ,if !y conflict$ ) x1 accept+ ! cessions 0 a violation ( ! con/itution4 ,if !y accord$1 ! objector has already _h 8 answ]4 ,! fact t ,congress accept$ ! cessions1 proves t 9 its view _! t]ms did n conflict ) ! con/itutional grant ( p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,! inquiry :e!r ^! acts ( cession 7 consi/5t or inconsi/5t ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 is totally irrelevant to ! "q at issue4 ,:at sai? ! ,,con/itution8 ,t is ! "q4 ,n1 :at sai? ,virg9ia1 or ,m>yl&1 or--equally to ! po9t--,john ,bull6 ,if ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia _h be5 ! au?oriz$ int]pret]s ( ! con/itution = ! ,union1 ^! acts ( cession c\ld h>dly h be5 magnifi$ m ?an !y 7 by ,messrs4 ,g>l& & ,wise 9 ! la/ ,congress4 ,a true und]/&+ ( ! con/itution c be _h1 =soo?1 only by hold+ x up 9 ! light ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia legislation6 ,we are told1 aga91 t ^? ,/ates w\ld n h c$$ ! ,di/rict if !y _h suppos$ ! con/itution gave ,congress p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 x4 ,?is comes ) an ill grace f ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,!y knew ! con/itution4 ,!y 7 p>ties to x4 ,!y _h sift$ x1 clause by clause1 9 _! ,/ate conv5tions4 ,!y _h weigh$ its words 9 ! balance--!y _h te/$ !m z by fire2 & f9ally1 aft] long pond]+1 !y adopt$ ! con/itution4 ,& aft]w>d1 self-mov$1 !y c$$ ! t5 miles squ>e1 & decl>$ ! cession made 9 pursuance ( t (t-cit$ clause1 ,congress %all h p[] to ex]cise exclusive legalisation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict1 c4 ,& n[ v]ily !y w\ld n h c$$ if !y _h suppos$6 c4 ,c$e x !y did1 & 9 full & absolute "r bo? ( soil & p]sons4 ,congress accept$ ! cession--/ate p[] ov] ! ,di/rict ceas$1 & congressional p[] ov] x comm5c$--& n[1 ! sole "q to be settl$ is1 ! am\nt ( p[] ov] ! ,di/rict1 lodg$ 9 ,congress by ! con/itution4 ,! con/itution--! ,,con/itution--t is ! po9t4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia suppositions mu/ be pot5t suppositions1 to abrogate a clause 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution6 ,t clause ei!r gives ,congress p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 or x does n--& t po9t is to be settl$1 n by /ate suppositions1 nor /ate usages1 nor /ate legislation1 b by ! t]ms ( ! clause !mselves4 ,s\!rn memb]s ( ,congress1 9 ! rec5t discussions1 h conc$$ ! p[] ( a cont+5t abolition 9 ! ,di/rict1 by susp5d+ x ^u ! cons5t ( ! p4 ,su* a doctr9e f declaim]s l ,messrs4 ,al=d1 ( ,georgia1 & ,walk]1 ( ,mississippi1 w\ld excite no surprise2 b t x %\ld be honor$ ) ! endorsem5t ( su* m5 z ,mr4 ,rives & ,mr4 ,calh\n1 is q unacc\ntable4 ,are attributes ( sov]eignty m]e creatures ( cont+5cy8 ,is delegat$ au?ority m]e conditional p]mission8 ,is a con/itutional p[] to be ex]cis$ by ^? :o hold x1 only by popul> suff]ance8 ,mu/ x lie helpless at ! pool ( public s5tim5t1 wait+ ! graci\s tr\bl+ ( its wat]s8 ,is x a lifeless corpse1 save only :5 popul> cons5t deigns to put brea? into its no/rils8 ,besides1 if ! cons5t ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict be necess>y1 ! cons5t ( ! :ole p mu/ be _h--n t ( a majority1 h[ev] l>ge4 ,majorities1 to be au?oritative1 mu/ be legal--& a legal majority )\t legislative p[]1 "r ( repres5tation1 or ev5 ! electoral fran*ise1 w\ld be an anomaly4 ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 su* a ?+ z a majority 9 a legal s5se is unkn[n to law4 ,to talk ( ! p[] ( a majority1 or ! w ( a majority !re1 is m]e m\?+4 ,a majority8 ,!n x has an au?oritative w--& an organ to make x kn[n--& an executive to c>ry x into effect--,:]e are !y8 ,we repeat x--if ! cons5t ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict be necess>y1 ! cons5t ( e "o is necess>y--& univ]sal cons5t w come only ) ! ,greek ,kal5ds & a p]petual motion4 ,a s+le individual might ?us p]petuate slav]y 9 defiance ( ! express$ w ( a :ole p4 ,! mo/ common =m ( ?is fallacy is giv5 by ,mr4 ,wise1 ( ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee*1 ,febru>y #af1 #ahce1 9 :i* he d5i$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 unless ! inhabitants own+ slaves petition$ = x66 ,s\!rn memb]s ( ,congress at ! pres5t session r+ *anges almo/ daily ^u ! same fallacy4 ,:at6 pray ,congress to use a p[] :i* x has n8 ,x is requir$ ( a man accord+ to :at he ha?1 sai? ! ,scripture4 ,i comm5d ,mr4 ,wise to ,paul = 8 e?ics4 ,w\ld t he _h got 8 logic ( him6 ,if ,congress does n possess ! p[]1 :y taunt x ) its weakness1 by ask+ its ex]cise8 ,:y mock x by dem&+ impossibilities8 ,petition+1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,wise1 is1 9 matt]s ( legislation1 omnipot5ce itself2 ! v s\rce ( all con/itutional p[]2 =1 ask+ ,congress to d :at x _c d1 gives x ! p[]--to pray ! ex]cise ( a p[] t is n1 creates x4 ,a beautiful !ory6 ,let u "w x bo? ways4 ,if to petition = ! ex]cise ( a p[] t is n1 creates x--to petition aga9/ ! ex]cise ( a p[] t is1 annihilates x4 ,z s\!rn g5tlem5 are p>tial to summ>y processes1 pray1 sirs1 try ! virtue ( y\r own recipe on exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]2 a bett] subject = exp]im5t & te/ ( ! prescription c\ld n be _h4 ,b if ! petitions ( ! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict give ,congress ! "r to aboli% slav]y1 !y impose ! duty2 if !y conf] con/itutional au?ority1 !y create con/itutional obligation4 ,if ,congress may aboli% because ( an expression ( _! w1 x mu/ aboli% at ! bidd+ ( t w4 ,if ! p ( ! ,di/rict are a s\rce ( p[] to ,congress1 _! express$ w has ! =ce ( a con/itutional provision1 & has ! same b9d+ p[] ^u ! ,national ,legislature4 ,to make ,congress dep5d5t on ! ,di/rict = au?ority1 is to make x a subject ( its au?ority1 re/ra9+ ! ex]cise ( its own discretion1 & s9k+ x into a m]e organ ( ! ,di/rict's w4 ,we proce$ to ano!r objection4 ,! s\!rn /ates w\ld n h ratifi$ ! con/itution1 if !y _h suppos$ t x gave ?is p[]4 ,x is a suffici5t answ] to ?is objection1 t ! nor!rn /ates w\ld n h ratifi$ x1 if !y _h suppos$ t x )held ! p[]4 ,if suppositions are to take ! place ( ! con/itution--com+ f bo? sides1 !y neutralize ea* o!r4 ,to argue a con/itutional "q by guess+ at ! suppositions t might h be5 made by ! p>ties to x1 w\ld f9d small favor 9 a c\rt ( law4 ,b ev5 a desp]ate %ift is "s easem5t :5 sorely pu%$4 ,if ?is "q is to be settl$ by suppositions1 suppositions %all be =? com+1 & t )\t /9t4 ,fir/1 !n1 ,i affirm t ! ,nor? ratifi$ ! con/itution1 suppos+ t slav]y _h begun to wax old1 & w\ld spe$ily vani% away1 & especially t ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 :i* by ! con/itution 0 to be surr5d]$ to ,congress aft] tw5ty ye>s1 w\ld ca/ x headlong4 ,w\ld ! ,nor? h adopt$ ! con/itution1 giv+ ?ree-fif?s ( ! slave prop]ty a repres5tation1 if x has suppos$ t ! slaves w\ld h increas$ f half a million to two millions & a half by #ahch--;& t ! c5sus ( #ahdj w\ld give to ! slave /ates1 #cj repres5tatives ( slave prop]ty8 ,if !y _h suppos$ t ?is repres5tation w\ld h controll$ ! legislation ( ! gov]nm5t1 & c>ri$ aga9/ ! ,nor? e "q vital to its int]e/s1 w\ld ,alex&] ,hamilton1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ,rog] ,%]man1 ,elbridge ,g]ry1 ,william ,liv+/on1 ,john ,langdon1 & ,rufus ,k+ h be5 su* madm51 z to sign ! con/itution1 & ! ,nor!rn ,/ates su* suicides z to ratify x8 ,e self-pres]v+ in/9ct w\ld h %riek$ at su* an infatuate immolation4 ,at ! adoption ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 slav]y 0 reg>d$ z a fa/ wan+ sy/em4 ,?is conviction 0 univ]sal4 ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son1 ,patrick ,h5ry1 ,grayson1 ,/4 ,george ,tuck]1 ,madison1 ,wy!1 ,p5dleton1 ,lee1 ,blair1 ,mason1 ,page1 ,p>k]1 ,edmund ,r&olph1 ,ir$ell1 ,spaight1 ,ramsey1 ,william ,p9ckney1 ,lu!r ,m>t91 ,james ,mc,henry1 ,samuel ,*ase1 & ne>ly all ! illu/ri\s names s\? ( ! ,potomac1 proclaim$ x be=e ! sun1 t ! days ( slav]y 7 beg9n+ to be numb]$4 ,a reason urg$ 9 ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 :y ! ^w slave %\ld n be us$ 9 x1 01 t :5 slav]y %\ld cease !re might rema9 ^u ! ,national ,*>t] no record t x _h ev5 be54 7,see spee* ( ,mr4 ,burrill1 ( ,r4,i41 on ! ,miss\ri "q47 ,i n[ proce$ to %[ by te/imony1 t at ! date ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 & = sev]al ye>s be=e & aft] t p]iod1 slav]y 0 rapidly on ! wane2 t ! ,am]ican ,revolution ) ! great ev5ts prec$+ accompany+1 & foll[+ x1 _h wr\ght an imm5se & almo/ univ]sal *ange 9 ! public s5tim5t ( ! nation ( ! subject1 p[]fully impell+ x t[>d ! entire abolition ( ! sy/em--& t x 0 ! g5]al belief t measures = its abolition ?r\gh\t ! ,union1 w\ld be comm5c$ by ! individual ,/ates g5]ally be=e ! lapse ( _m ye>s4 ,a great mass ( te/imony e/abli%+ ?is position is at h& & might be pres5t$1 b n>r[ space1 little "t1 ! pati5ce ( read]s1 & ! importance ( spe$y publication1 c\nsel brevity4 ,let ! foll[+ pro(s suffice4 ,fir/1 a few dates z po9ts ( obs]vation4 ,! fir/ g5]al ,congress met 9 #aggd4 ,! revolution>y w> comm5c$ 9 '#ge4 ,indep5d5ce 0 decl>$ 9 '#gf4 ,! articles ( conf$]acy 7 adopt$ by ! ?irte5 /ates 9 '#gh4 ,indep5d5ce ackn[l$g$ 9 '#hc4 ,! conv5tion = =m+ ! ,u4,s4 con/itution 0 held 9 '#hg1 ! /ate conv5tions = consid]+ x 9 '#hg1 & '#hh4 ,! fir/ ,congress "u ! con/itution 9 '#hi4 ,dr4 ,ru%1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 "o ( ! sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 9 a lett] to ! celebrat$ ,granville ,%>pe1 ,may #a1 #aggc1 says3 ,a _s ( humanity & religion beg9s to awak5 9 sev]al ( ! colonies 9 favor ( ! poor negroes4 ,! cl]gy beg9 to be> a public te/imony aga9/ ?is violation ( ! laws ( nature & *ri/ianity4 ,great ev5ts h be5 br\ght ab\t by small beg9n+s4 ,an?ony ,b5ezet /ood alone a few ye>s ago 9 oppos+ negro slav]y 9 ,philadelphia1 & ,,n[ ,,?ree-,,f\r?s ,,( ,,! ,,prov9ce ,,z ,,well ,,z ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,cry ,,out ,,aga9/ ,,x4--7,/u>t's ,life ( ,%>pe1 p4 #ba47 ,9 ! preamble to ! act prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves into ,rhode ,isl&1 ,june #aggd1 is ! foll[+3 ,:]eas1 ! inhabitants ( ,am]ica are g5]ally engag$ 9 ! pres]vation ( _! own rights & lib]ties1 among :i* t ( p]sonal fre$om mu/ be consid]$ ! greate/1 & z ^? :o are desir\s ( enjoy+ all ! advantages ( lib]ty !mselves1 %\ld be will+ to ext5d p]sonal lib]ty to o!rs1 !re=e1 c4 ,octob] #bj1 #aggd1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress pass$ ! foll[+3 ,we1 = ourselves & ! inhabitants ( ! sev]al colonies :om we repres5t1 firmly agree & associate "u ! sacr$ ties ( virtue1 honor1 & love ( our c\ntry1 z foll[s3 #b;d ,article4 ,we w nei!r import nor pur*ase any slaves import$ aft] ! fir/ day ( ,decemb] next1 aft] :i* "t we w :olly discont9ue ! slave trade1 & we w nei!r be conc]n$ 9 x ourselves1 nor w we hire our vessels1 nor sell our commodities or manufactures to ^? :o are conc]n$ 9 x4 ,! ,cont95tal ,congress1 9 #agge1 sett+ =? ! causes & ! necessity = tak+ up arms1 say3 ,if x 7 possible = m5 :o ex]cise _! reason to believe t ! ,div9e ,au?or ( our exi/5ce int5d$ a "p ( ! human race to hold an absolute prop]ty 91 & unb\nd$ p[] ov] o!rs1 m>k$ out by inf9ite goodness & wisdom z objects ( a legal dom9ation1 nev] rightfully resi/ible1 h[ev] sev]e & oppressive1 ! inhabitants ( ^! colonies might at lea/ require f ! ,p>liam5t ( ,great ,brita9 "s evid5ce t ?is dreadful au?ority ov] !m has be5 grant$ to t body4 ,9 #aggf1 ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,hopk9s1 !n at ! head ( ,new ,engl& div9es1 publi%$ a pamphlet entitl$1 ,an ,address to ! own]s ( negro slaves 9 ! ,am]ican colonies1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,! conviction ( ! unju/ifiabl5ess ( ?is practice 7slav]y7 has be5 increas+1 & greatly spread+ ( late1 & _m :o h _h slaves1 h f\nd !mselves s unable to ju/ify _! own conduct 9 hold+ !m 9 bondage1 z to be induc$ to set !m at lib]ty4 ,may ?is conviction soon rea* e own] ( slaves 9 ,nor? ,am]ica6 ,slav]y is1 9 e in/ance1 wrong1 unrighte\s1 & oppressive--a v great & cry+ s9--!re be+ no?+ ( ! k9d equal to x on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,! same ye> ! ,am]ican ,congress issu$ a solemn ,,manife/o to ! _w4 ,^! 7 its fir/ words3 ,we hold ^! tru?s to be self-evid5t1 t all m5 are creat$ equal1 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among ^! are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,once1 ^! 7 words ( p[]2 n[1 a rhetorical fl\ri%4 ,! celebrat$ ,patrick ,h5ry ( ,virg9ia1 9 a lett]1 ( ,jan4 #ah1 #aggc1 to ,rob]t ,pleasants1 aft]w>ds presid5t ( ! ,virg9ia ,abolition ,society1 says3 ,believe me1 ,i %all honor ! ,quak]s = _! noble ef=ts to aboli% slav]y4 ,x is a debt we owe to ! purity ( our religion to %[ t x is at v>iance ) t law t w>rants slav]y4 ,i exhort y to p]sev]e 9 s wor?y a resolution4 ,9 #aggi1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress ord]$ a pamphlet to be publi%$1 entitl$1 ,obs]vations on ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,! great pr9ciple 7( gov]nm5t7 is & ev] w rema9 9 =ce1 t m5 are by nature free2 z acc\ntable to him t made !m1 !y mu/ be s2 & s long z we h any idea ( div9e ju/ice1 we mu/ associate t ( human fre$om4 ,:e!r m5 c "p ) _! lib]ty1 is among ! que/ions :i* h ex]cis$ ! able/ writ]s2 b x is conc$$ on all h&s1 t ! "r to be free ,,c ,,nev] ,,be ,,ali5at$--/ill less is x practicable = "o g5]ation to mortgage ! privileges ( ano!r4 ,extract f ! ,p5nsylvania act = ! ,abolition ( ,slav]y1 pass$ ,m>* #a1 #aghj3 99 99 99 ,we conceive t x is our duty1 & we rejoice t x is 9 our p[]1 to ext5d a portion ( t fre$om to o!rs :i* has be5 ext5d$ to u4 ,wean$ by a long c\rse ( exp]i5ce f ^? n>r[ prejudices & p>tialities we h imbib$1 we f9d our he>ts enl>g$ ) k9dness & b5evol5ce t[>ds m5 ( all conditions & nations3 99 99 99 ,!re=e be x enact$1 t no *ild born h]eaft] be a slave1 c4 ,jeff]son1 9 8 ,notes on ,virg9ia1 writt5 j be=e ! close ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 says3 ,i ?9k a *ange already p]ceptible s9ce ! orig9 ( ! pres5t revolution4 ,! _s ( ! ma/] is abat+1 t ( ! slave is ris+ f ! du/1 8 condition mollify+1 ! way ,i hope prep>+ "u ! auspices ( heav51 ,,= ,a ,,total ,,emancipation1 & t ?is is dispos$1 9 ! ord] ( ev5ts1 to be ) ! cons5t ( ! ma/]s1 r ?an by _! extirpation4 ,9 a lett] to ,dr4 ,price1 ( ,london1 :o _h j publi%$ a pamphlet 9 favor ( ! abolition ( slav]y1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 !n ,m9i/] at ,p>is1 7,augu/ #g1 #aghe17 says3 ,f ! m\? to ! head ( ! ,*esapeake1 ! bulk ( ! p w approve ( y\r pamphlet 9 !ory1 & x w f9d a respectable m9ority ready to adopt x 9 practice--a m9ority :i*1 = weight & wor? ( "*1 prepond]ates aga9/ ! great] numb]4 ,speak+ ( ,virg9ia1 he says3 ,?is is ! next /ate to :i* we may turn our eyes = ! int]e/+ spectacle ( ju/ice 9 conflict ) av>ice & oppression1--a conflict 9 :i* ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,side ,,is ,,ga9+ ,,daily ,,recruits4 ,be n1 !re=e disc\rag$--:at y h writt5 w d a great deal ( good2 & c\ld y /ill tr\ble y\rself ) our welf>e1 no man is m able to give aid to ! labor+ side4 ,! ,college ( ,william & ,m>y1 9 ,williamsburg1 s9ce ! remodell+ ( its plan1 is ! place :]e are collect$ toge!r all ! "y m5 ( ,virg9ia1 "u prep>ation = public life4 ,!y are !re "u ! direction 7mo/ ( !m7 ( a ,mr4 ,wy!1 "o ( ! mo/ virtu\s ( *>act]s1 & ^: s5tim5ts on ! subject ( slav]y are unequivocal4 ,i am satisfi$1 if y c\ld resolve to address an exhortation to ^? "y m5 ) all ! eloqu5ce ( :i* y are ma/] t its influ5ce on ! future decision ( ?is important "q w\ld be great1 p]haps decisive4 ,?us1 y see1 t s f> f ?9k+ y h cause to rep5t ( :at y h done1 ,i wi% y to d m1 & wi% x on an assurance ( its effect4--,jeff]son's ,po/hum\s ,works1 vol4 #a1 p4 #bfh4 ,9 #aghf1 ,john jay1 aft]w>d ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 draft$ & sign$ a petition to ! ,legislature ( ,new ,york1 on ! subject ( slav]y1 beg9n+ ) ^! words3 ,y\r memoriali/s be+ deeply affect$ by ! situation ( ^?1 :o1 al?\gh ,,free ,,by ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,god1 are held 9 slav]y by ! laws ( ! ,/ate1 c4 ,?is memorial bore also ! signature ( ! celebrat$ ,alex&] ,hamilton2 ,rob]t ,r4 ,liv+/on1 aft]w>d ,secret>y ( ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,*ancellor ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york2 ,james ,duane1 ,mayor ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 & _m o!rs ( ! mo/ em95t individuals 9 ! ,/ate4 ,9 ! preamble ( an in/rum5t1 by :i* ,mr4 ,jay emancipat$ a slave 9 #aghd1 is ! foll[+ passage3 ,:]eas1 ! *ildr5 ( m5 are by nature equally free1 & _c1 )\t inju/ice1 be ei!r r$uc$ to or ,,held 9 slav]y4 ,9 8 lett] :ile ,m9i/] at ,spa91 9 #aghf1 he says1 speak+ ( ! abolition ( slav]y3 ,till ,am]ica comes into ?is measure1 h] pray]s to heav5 w be ,,impi\s4 ,?is is a /rong expression1 b x is j4 ,i believe ,god gov]ns ! _w2 & ,i believe x to be a maxim 9 81 z 9 our c\rt1 t ^? :o ask = equity ought to d x4 ,9 #aghe1 ! ,new ,york ,manumission ,society 0 =m$4 ,john ,jay 0 *os5 its fir/ ,presid5t1 & held ! (fice five ye>s4 ,alex&] ,hamilton 0 its second ,presid5t1 & aft] hold+ ! (fice "o ye>1 resign$ ^u 8 removal to ,philadelphia z ,secret>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,treasury4 ,9 #aghg1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 w>m f ! discussions ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 0 *os5 ,presid5t1 & ,b5jam9 ,ru%1 ,secret>y--bo? sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,9 #aghi1 ! ,m>yl& ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,among its (fic]s 7 ,samuel ,*ace1 ,judge ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 & ,lu!r ,m>t91 a memb] ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution4 ,9 #agij1 ! ,connecticut ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,! fir/ ,presid5t 0 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/iles1 ,presid5t ( ,yale ,college1 & ! ,secret>y1 ,simeon ,baldw91 7! late ,judge ,baldw9 ( ,new ,hav547 ,9 #agia1 ?is ,society s5t a memorial to ,congress1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,f a sob] conviction ( ! unrighte\sness ( slav]y1 y\r petition]s h long beheld1 ) grief1 our fell[ m5 doom$ to p]petual bondage1 9 a c\ntry :i* boa/s ( h] fre$om4 ,y\r petition]s are fully ( op9ion1 t calm reflection w at la/ conv9ce ! _w1 t ! :ole sy/em ( ,african slav]y is unju/ 9 its nature--impolitic 9 its pr9ciples--&1 9 its consequ5ces1 ru9\s to ! indu/ry & ent]prise ( ! citiz5s ( ^! ,/ates4 ,f a conviction ( ^! tru?s1 y\r petition]s 7 l$1 by motives1 we conceive1 ( g5]al philan?ropy1 to associate ourselves = ! protection & assi/ance ( ?is un=tunate "p ( our fell[ m52 &1 ?\gh ?is ,society has be5 lately e/abli%$1 x has n[ become g5]ally ext5sive ?r\gh ?is /ate1 &1 we fully believe1 embraces1 on ?is subject1 ! s5tim5ts ( a l>ge majority ( its citiz5s4 ,! same ye> ! ,virg9ia ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,?is ,society1 & ! ,m>yl& ,society1 _h auxili>ies 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ^? ,/ates4 ,bo? societies s5t up memorials to ,congress4 ,! memorial ( ! ,virg9ia ,society is head$--,! memorial ( ! ,virg9ia ,society1 = promot+ ! ,abolition ( ,slav]y1 c4 ,! foll[+ is an extract3 ,y\r memoriali/s1 fully believ+ t 'righte\sness exalte? a nation1' & t slav]y is n only an odi\s degradation1 b an outrage\s violation ( "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial rights ( human nature1 & utt]ly repugnant to ! precepts ( ! gospel1 :i* brea!s 'peace on e>?1 good w to m52' lam5t t a practice1 s inconsi/5t ) true policy & ! inali5able rights ( m51 %\ld subsi/ 9 s enlight5$ an age1 & among a p pr(ess+1 t all mank9d are1 by nature1 equally entitl$ to fre$om4 ,ab\t ! same "t a ,society 0 =m$ 9 ,new-,j]sey4 ,x _h an act+ committee ( five memb]s 9 ea* c\nty 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ! preamble to its con/itution3 ,x is our boa/1 t we live "u a gov]nm5t f\nd$ on pr9ciples ( ju/ice & reason1 :]e9 life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess1 are recognis$ z ! univ]sal rights ( m52 & :il/ we are anxi\s to pres]ve ^! rights to ourselves1 & transmit !m inviolate1 to our po/]ity1 we abhor t inconsi/5t1 illib]al1 & int]e/$ policy1 :i* )holds ^? rights1 f an un=tunate & degrad$ class ( our fell[ creatures4 ,among o!r di/+ui%$ individuals :o 7 effici5t (fic]s ( ^! ,abolition ,societies1 & delegates f _! respective /ate societies1 at ! annual meet+s ( ! ,am]ican conv5tion = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 7 ,hon4 ,uriah ,tracy1 ,unit$ ,/ates' ,s5ator1 f ,connecticut2 ,hon4 ,zephaniah ,swift1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! same ,/ate2 ,hon4 ,ces> ,a4 ,rodney1 ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,hon4 ,james ,a4 ,bay>d1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator1 f ,delaw>e2 ,gov]nor ,bloomfield1 ( ,new ,j]sey2 ,hon4 ,wm4 ,rawle1 ! late v5]able head ( ! ,philadelphia b>2 ,dr4 ,casp] ,wi/>1 ( ,philadelphia2 ,messrs4 ,fo/] & ,till+ha/1 ( ,rhode ,isl&2 ,messrs4 ,ridgeley1 ,bu*anan1 & ,wilk9son1 ( ,m>yl&2 & ,messrs4 ,pleasants1 ,mc,lean1 & ,an?ony1 ( ,virg9ia4 ,9 ,july1 #aghg1 ! old ,congress pass$ ! celebrat$ ord9ance1 aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! nor?we/]n t]ritory1 & decl>+ t x %\ld nev] !reaft] exi/ !re4 ,?is ord9ance 0 pass$ :ile ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution 0 9 session4 ,at ! fir/ session ( ,congress "u ! con/itution1 ?is ord9ance 0 ratifi$ by a special act4 ,wa%+ton1 fre% f ! discussions ( ! conv5tion1 9 :i* m ?an =ty days _h be5 sp5t 9 adju/+ ! "q ( slav]y1 gave x 8 approval4 ,! act pass$ ) only "o diss5t+ voice1 7t ( ,mr4 ,yates1 ( ,new-,york17 ! ,s\? equally ) ! ,nor? av[+ ! fitness & exp$i5cy ( ! measure ( g5]al consid]ations1 & indicat+ ?us e>ly ! l9e ( national policy1 to be pursu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,9 ! debates 9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion1 ,mr4 ,ir$ell1 aft]w>d a ,judge ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,supreme ,c\rt1 said1 ,:5 ! entire abolition ( slav]y takes place1 x w be an ev5t :i* mu/ be pleas+ to e g5]\s m9d & e fri5d ( human nature4 ,mr4 ,gall[ay said1 ,i wi% to see ?is abom9able trade put an end to4 ,i appreh5d ! clause 7t\*+ ! slave trade7 means to br+ =w>d manumission4 ,lu!r ,m>t91 ( ,md41 a memb] ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 said1 ,we ought to au?orize ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t to make su* regulations z %all be ?\ght mo/ advantage\s = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 & ! emancipation ( ! slaves :i* are already 9 ! ,/ates4 ,judge ,wilson1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 "o ( ! fram]s ( ! con/itution1 said1 9 ! ,p5nsylvania conv5tion ( '#hg1 ,deb4 ,pa4 ,con4 p4 #cjc1 #aef3 ,i consid] ?is 7! clause relative to ! slave trade7 z lay+ ! f\ndation = bani%+ slav]y out ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x w produce ! same k9d ( gradual *ange :i* 0 produc$ 9 ,p5nsylvania2 ! new /ates :i* are to be =m$ w be "u ! control ( ,congress 9 ?is p>ticul>1 & slaves w nev] be introduc$ among !m4 ,x pres5ts u ) ! pleas+ prospect t ! rights ( mank9d w be ackn[l$g$ & e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! ,union4 ,yet ! lapse ( a few ye>s1 & ,congress w h p[] to ext]m9ate slav]y )9 our bord]s4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion ( '#hg1 ,mr4 ,mason1 au?or ( ! ,virg9ia con/itution1 said1 ,! augm5tation ( slaves weak5s ! ,/ates1 & su* a trade is diabolical 9 itself1 & disgraceful to mank9d4 ,z mu* z ,i value a union ( all ! /ates1 ,i w\ld n admit ! s\!rn /ates1 7i4e41 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia17 into ! union1 unless !y agree to a discont9uance ( ?is disgraceful trade4 ,mr4 ,tyl] oppos$ ) great p[] ! clause prohibit+ ! abolition ( ! slave trade till #ahjh1 & said1 ,my e>ne/ desire is1 t x %all he h&$ d[n to po/]ity t ,i oppose ?is wick$ clause4 ,mr4 ,johnson said1 ,! pr9ciple ( emancipation has begun s9ce ! revolution4 ,let u d :at we w1 x w come r\nd4--,deb4 ,va4 ,con4 p4 #dfc4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 argu+ ! p[] ( ,congress "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,/ates1 said1 9 ! same conv5tion1 ,ano!r ?+ w contribute to br+ ?is ev5t 7! abolition ( slav]y7 ab\t4 ,slav]y is dete/$4 ,we feel its fatal effects2 we deplore x ) all ! pity ( humanity4--,deb4 ,va4 ,con4 p4 #dca4 ,9 ! ,mass4 ,con4 ( '#hh1 ,judge ,dawes said1 ,al?\gh slav]y is n smitt5 by an apoplexy1 yet x has receiv$ a mortal w\nd1 & w die ( consumption4--,deb4 ,mass4 ,con4 p4 #fj4 ,g5]al ,hea? said t1 ,slav]y 0 conf9$ to ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 x c\ld n be ext5d$4 ,by _! ord9ance1 ,congress _h decl>$ t ! new ,/ates %\ld be republican ,/ates1 & h no slav]y4--p4 #adg4 ,9 ! debate 9 ! fir/ ,congress1 ,febru>y #aa? & #ab?1 #aghi1 on ! petitions ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 & ! ,p5nsylvania ,abolition ,society1 ,mr4 ,p>k]1 ( ,virg9ia1 said1 ,i hope1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 ! petition ( ^! respectable p w be att5d$ to ) all ! read9ess ! importance ( its object dem&s2 & ,i _c help express+ ! pleasure ,i feel 9 f9d+ s consid]able a "p ( ! community att5d+ to matt]s ( su* a mom5t\s conc]n to ! future prosp]ity & happ9ess ( ! p ( ,am]ica4 ,i ?9k x my duty1 z a citiz5 ( ! ,union1 to esp\se _! cause4 ,mr4 ,page1 ( ,virg9ia1 7aft]w>d ,gov]nor7--,0 9 favor ( ! commitm5t2 he hop$ t ! designs ( ! respectable memoriali/s w\ld n be /opp$ at ! ?re%old1 9 ord] to preclude a fair discussion ( ! pray] ( ! memorial4 ,) respect to ! al>m t 0 appreh5d$1 he conjectur$ !re 0 none2 b !re might be j cause1 if ! memorial 0 n tak5 into consid]ation4 ,he plac$ himself 9 ! case ( a slave1 & said1 t on he>+ t ,congress _h refus$ to li/5 to ! dec5t sugge/ions ( a respectable "p ( ! community1 he %\ld inf]1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 f :i* 0 expect$ great good w\ld result to ,,e ,,class ( citiz5s1 _h %ut _! e>s aga9/ ! voice ( humanity1 & he %\ld despair ( any alleviation ( ! mis]ies he & 8 po/]ity _h 9 prospect2 if any ?+ c\ld induce him to rebel1 x mu/ be a /roke l ?is1 impress+ on 8 m9d all ! horrors ( despair4 ,b if he 0 told1 t application 0 made 9 8 behalf1 & t ,congress 7 will+ to he> :at c\ld be urg$ 9 favor ( disc\rag+ ! practice ( import+ 8 fell[-wret*es1 he w\ld tru/ 9 _! ju/ice & humanity1 & wait ! decision pati5tly4 ,mr4 ,scott1 ( ,p5nsylvania3 ,i _c1 = my "p1 conceive h[ any p]son c be said to acquire a prop]ty 9 ano!r2 b en\gh ( ^? :o r$uce m5 to ! /ate ( transf]able goods1 or use !m l bea/s ( burd51 :o deliv] !m up z ! prop]ty or patrimony ( ano!r man4 ,let u argue on pr9ciples c\nt5anc$ by reason1 & becom+ humanity4 ,i d n "k h[ f> ,i might g1 if ,i 0 "o ( ! judges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ^? p 7 to come be=e me & claim _! emancipation1 b ,i am sure ,i w\ld g z f> z ,i c\ld4 ,mr4 ,burke1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 said1 ,he saw ! disposition ( ! ,h\se1 & he fe>$ x w\ld be ref]r$ to a committee1 maugre all _! opposition4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 said1 ,t on ent]+ into ?is gov]nm5t1 !y 7,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia7 appreh5d$ t ! o!r /ates1 n kn[+ ! necessity ! citiz5s ( ! ,s\!rn /ates 7 "u to hold ?is species ( prop]ty1 w\ld1 f motives ( humanity & b5evol5ce1 be l$ to vote = a g5]al emancipation2 & _h !y n se51 t ! con/itution provid$ aga9/ ! effect ( su* a disposition1 ,i may be bold to say1 !y nev] w\ld h adopt$ x4 ,9 ! debate1 at ! same session1 ,may #ac?1 #aghi1 on ! petition ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds respect+ ! slave trade1 ,mr4 ,p>k]1 ( ,virg9ia1 said1 ,he hop$ ,congress w\ld d all t lay 9 _! p[] to re/ore to human nature its inh]5t privileges1 & if possible1 wipe (f ! /igma1 :i* ,am]ica labor$ "u4 ,! inconsi/5cy 9 our pr9ciples1 ) :i* we are ju/ly *>g$ %\ld be done away1 t we may %[ by our actions ! pure b5efic5ce ( ! doctr9e we held out to ! _w 9 our ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,mr4 ,jackson ( ,georgia1 said1 ,,x ,,0 ,,! ,,fa%ion ,,( ,,! ,,day ,,to ,,favor ,,! ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,! ,,slaves4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at is to be done = comp5sation8 ,w ,virg9ia set all h] negroes free8 ,w !y give up ! money !y h co/ !m2 & to :om8 ,:5 ?is practice comes to be tri$1 !n ! s\nd ( lib]ty w lose ^? *>ms :i* make x grateful to ! ravi%$ e>4 ,mr4 ,madison ( ,virg9ia1--,! dictates ( humanity1 ! pr9ciples ( ! p1 ! national safety & happ9ess1 & prud5t policy1 require x ( u4 ,! con/itution has p>ticul>ly call$ our att5tion to x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i conceive ! con/itution 9 ?is p>ticul> 0 =m$ 9 ord] t ! ,gov]nm5t1 :il/ x 0 re/ra9$ f hav+ a total prohibition1 might be able to give "s te/imony ( ! s5se ( ,am]ica1 ) respect to ! ,african trade4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is to be hop$1 t by express+ a national disapprobation ( ?is trade1 we may de/roy x1 & save ourselves f reproa*es1 ,,& ,,our ,,po/]ity ,,! ,,imbecility ,,ev] ,,att5dant ,,on ,a ,,c\ntry ,,fill$ ,,) ,,slaves4 ,i d n wi% to say any ?+ h>% to ! he>+ ( g5tlem5 :o ent]ta9 diff]5t s5tim5ts f me1 or diff]5t s5tim5ts f ^? ,i repres5t4 ,b if !re is any "o po9t 9 :i* x is cle>ly ! policy ( ?is nation1 s f> z we con/itutionally c1 to v>y ! practice obta9+ "u "s ( ! /ate gov]nm5ts1 x is ?is4 ,b x is c]ta9 a majority ( ! /ates are oppos$ to ?is practice4--,cong4 ,reg4 v4 #a1 p4 #cjh-ab4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,gazette ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,feb4 #bj?1 #agij1 7!n ! gov]nm5t pap]17 :o opposes ! abolition ( slav]y1 & av[s himself a slavehold]1 says1 ,i h se5 9 ! pap]s acc\nts ( l>ge associations1 & applications to ,gov]nm5t = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,religion1 humanity1 & ! g5]osity natural to a free p1 are ! noble pr9ciples :i* dictate ^? measures4 ,,su* ,,motives ,,comm& ,,respect1 ,,& ,,are ,,above ,,any ,,eulogium ,,words ,,c ,,be/[4 ,x is well kn[n1 t 9 ! conv5tion t =m$ ! con/itution ( ,k5tucky 9 #aghj1 ! ef=t to prohibit slav]y 0 ne>ly successful4 ,! writ] has frequ5tly he>d x ass]t$ 9 ,k5tucky1 & has _h x f "s :o 7 memb]s ( t conv5tion1 t a decid$ majority ( t body w\ld h vot$ = its exclusion b = ! great ef=ts & influ5ce ( two l>ge slavehold]s--m5 ( comm&+ tal5ts & sway--,messrs4 ,breck5ridge & ,ni*olas4 ,! foll[+ extract f a spee* made 9 t conv5tion by a memb] ( x1 ,mr4 ,rice1 a native ,virg9ian1 is a specim5 ( ! free discussion t prevail$ on t delicate subject4 ,said ,mr4 ,rice3 ,i d a man great] injury1 :5 ,i deprive him ( 8 lib]ty1 ?an :5 ,i deprive him ( 8 prop]ty4 ,x is va9 = me to plead t ,i h ! sanction ( law2 = ?is makes ! injury ! great]--x arms ! community aga9/ him1 & makes 8 case desp]ate4 ,! own]s ( su* slaves !n are lic5s$ robb]s1 & n ! j proprietors ( :at !y claim4 ,free+ !m is n depriv+ !m ( prop]ty1 b re/or+ x to ! "r own]4 ,9 ,am]ica1 a slave is a /&+ monum5t ( ! tyranny & inconsi/5cy ( human gov]nm5ts4 ,! ma/] is ! enemy ( ! slave2 he has made op5 w> ^u him1 ,,& ,,is ,,daily ,,c>ry+ ,,x ,,on 9 unremitt$ ef=ts4 ,c any "o imag9e1 !n1 t ! slave is indebt$ to 8 ma/]1 & b\nd to s]ve him8 ,:5ce c ! obligation arise8 ,:at is x f\nd$ ^u8 ,:at is my duty to an enemy t is c>ry+ on w> aga9/ me8 ,i d n d5y1 b 9 "s circum/ances1 x is ! duty ( ! slave to s]ve2 b x is a duty he owes himself1 & n 8 ma/]4 ,presid5t ,edw>ds1 ! y\ng]1 said1 9 a s]mon prea*$ be=e ! ,connecticut ,abolition ,society1 ,sept4 #ae1 #agia3 ,?irty ye>s ago1 sc>cely a man 9 ?is c\ntry ?\ght ei!r ! slave trade or ! slav]y ( negroes to be wrong2 b n[ h[ _m & able advocates 9 private life1 9 our legislatures1 9 ,congress1 h appe>$1 & h op5ly & irrefragably plead$ ! rights ( humanity 9 ?is z well z o!r in/ances8 ,& if we judge ( ! future by ! pa/1 )9 fifty ye>s f ?is "t1 x w be z %ameful = a man to hold a negro slave1 z to be guilty ( common robb]y or !ft4 ,9 #agid1 ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* adopt$ its ,scripture pro(s1 notes1 comm5ts1 c4 ,among ^! 0 ! foll[+3 #a ,tim4 i4 #aj4 ,! law is made = man/eal]s4 ,?is crime among ! ,jews expos$ ! p]petrators ( x to capital puni%m5t4 ,exodus xxi4 #af4 ,& ! apo/le "h classes !m ) s9n]s ( ! fir/ rank4 ,! ^w he uses1 9 its orig9al import compreh5ds all :o are conc]n$ 9 br++ any ( ! human race into slav]y1 or 9 reta9+ !m 9 x4 ,/eal]s ( m5 are all ^? :o br+ (f slaves or freem51 & keep1 sell1 or buy !m4 ,9 #agid1 ,dr4 ,ru% decl>$3 ,dome/ic slav]y is repugnant to ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x pro/rates e b5evol5t & j pr9ciple ( action 9 ! human he>t4 ,x is rebellion aga9/ ! au?ority ( a common ,fa!r4 ,x is a practical d5ial ( ! ext5t & efficacy ( ! dea? ( a common ,savior4 ,x is an usurpation ( ! pr]ogative ( ! great ,sov]eign ( ! univ]se1 :o has solemnly claim$ an exclusive prop]ty 9 ! s\ls ( m54 ,9 #agie1 ,mr4 ,fiske1 !n an (fic] ( ,d>tm\? ,college1 aft]w>d a ,judge 9 ,t5nessee1 said1 9 an oration publi%$ t ye>1 speak+ ( slaves3 ,i /eadfa/ly ma9ta91 t we mu/ br+ !m to an equal /&+1 9 po9t ( privileges1 ) ! :ites6 ,!y mu/ enjoy all ! rights belong+ to human nature4 ,:5 ! petition on ! abolition ( ! slave trade 0 "u discussion 9 ! ,congress ( '#hi1 ,mr4 ,br[n4 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 said1 ,! emancipation ( ! slaves w be effect$ 9 "t2 x ought to be a gradual bus9ess1 b he hop$ t ,congress w\ld n precipitate x to ! great injury ( ! s\!rn ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,h>tley1 ( ,p5nsylvania said1 9 ! sane debate1 ,he 0 n a little surpris$ to he> ! cause ( slav]y advocat$ 9 t h\se4 ,,wa%+ton1 9 a lett] to ,sir ,john ,s9clair1 says1 ,!re are1 9 ,p5nsylvania1 laws = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y :i* nei!r ,m>yl& nor ,virg9ia h at pres5t1 b :i* no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t !y mu/ h1 & at a p]iod ,,n ,,remote4 ,9 #aghb1 ,virg9ia pass$ h] celebrat$ manumission act4 ,)9 n9e ye>s f t "t ne>ly elev5 ?\s& slaves 7 volunt>ily emancipat$ by _! ma/]s4 ,judge ,tuck]'s ,diss]tation on ,slav]y1 p4 #gb4 ,9 #aghg1 ,m>yl& pass$ an act legaliz+ manumission4 ,mr4 ,dorsey1 ( ,m>yl&1 9 a spee* 9 ,congress1 ,decemb] #bg?1 #ahbf1 speak+ ( manumissions "u t act1 said1 t ,! progress ( emancipation 0 a/oni%+1 ! ,/ate became cr[d$ ) a free black population4 ,! celebrat$ ,william ,p9kney1 9 a spee* be=e ! ,m>yl& ,h\se ( ,delegates1 9 #aghi1 on ! emancipation ( slaves1 said1 ,sir1 by ! et]nal pr9ciples ( natural ju/ice1 no ma/] 9 ! /ate has a "r to hold 8 slave 9 bondage = a s+le h\r4 ,i w\ld z soon believe ! incoh]5t tale ( a s*oolboy1 :o %\ld tell me he _h be5 fright5$ by a gho/1 z t ! grant ( ?is p]mission 7to emancipate7 ought 9 any degree to al>m u4 ,are we appreh5sive t ^! m5 w become m dang]\s by becom+ freem58 ,are we al>m$1 le/ by be+ admitt$ into ! enjoym5t ( civil rights1 !y w be inspir$ ) a deadly enmity aga9/ ! rights ( o!rs8 ,/range1 unacc\ntable p>adox6 ,h[ mu* m rational w\ld x be1 to argue t ! natural enemy ( ! privileges ( a freeman1 is he :o is robb$ ( !m himself6 ,di%onorable to ! species is ! idea t !y w\ld ev] prove injuri\s to our int]e/s--releas$ f ! %ackles ( slav]y1 by ! ju/ice ( gov]nm5t & ! b\nty ( individuals--! want ( fidelity & atta*m5t w\ld be next to impossible4 ,hon4 ,james ,campbell1 9 an address be=e ! ,p5nsylvania ,society ( ! ,c9c9nati1 ,july #d1 #aghg1 said1 ,our sep>ation f ,great ,brita9 has ext5d$ ! empire ( humanity4 ,! "t is n f> di/ant :5 our si/] /ates1 9 imitation ( our example1 %all turn _! vassals into freem54 ,! ,conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution be+ !n 9 session1 att5d$ at ! deliv]y ( ?is oration ) ,g5]al ,wa%+ton at _! head4 ,a ,baltimore pap] ( ,septemb] #h?1 #aghj1 conta9s ! foll[+ notice ( ,major ,g5]al ,gates3 ,a few days ago pass$ ?r\gh ?is t[n ! ,hon4 ,g5]al ,gates & lady4 ,! ,g5]al1 previ\s to leav+ ,virg9ia1 summon$ 8 num]\s family ( slaves ab\t him1 & amid/ _! te>s ( affection & gratitude1 gave !m _! ,,fre$om4 ,9 #agia ! univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 9 ,virg9ia1 conf]r$ ^u ,granville ,%>pe ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,laws4 ,%>pe 0 at t "t ! ackn[l$g$ head ( ,briti% abolitioni/s4 ,8 indefatigable ex]tions1 prosecut$ = ye>s 9 ! case ( ,som]set1 procur$ t memorable decision 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,k+'s ,b5*1 :i* settl$ ! pr9ciple t no slave c\ld be held 9 ,engl&4 ,he 0 mo/ uncompromis+ 9 8 opposition to slav]y1 & = tw5ty ye>s previ\s he _h spok51 writt51 & accompli%$ m aga9/ x ?an any man liv+4 ,9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> 9 ! ,s\!rn ,dep>tm5t1 by ,g54 ,lee1 ( ,va41 ,comm&ant ( ! ,p>tizan ,legion1 is ! foll[+3 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 adopt$ lately ) s mu* difficulty1 has effectually provid$ aga9/ ?is evil1 7by importation7 aft] a few ye>s4 ,x is mu* to be lam5t$ t hav+ done s mu* 9 ?is way1 a provision _h n be5 made = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y4--p4 #bcc1 #d4 ,mr4 ,tuck]1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,judge ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( t /ate1 & pr(essor ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 address$ a lett] to ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( t /ate1 9 #agif1 urg+ ! abolition ( slav]y2 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract4 ,speak+ ( ! slaves 9 ,virg9ia1 he says3 ,%\ld we n1 at ! "t ( ! revolution1 h loos$ _! *a9s & brok5 _! fett]s2 or if ! difficulties & dang]s ( su* an exp]im5t prohibit$ ! attempt1 dur+ ! convulsions ( a revolution1 is x n our duty1 to embrace ! fir/ mom5t ( con/itutional heal? & vigor to effectuate s desirable an object1 & to remove f u a /igma ) :i* our enemies w nev] fail to upbraid u1 nor consci5ces to reproa* u8 ,mr4 ,faulkn]1 9 a spee* be=e ! ,virg9ia ,legislature1 ,jan4 #bj1 #ahcb1 said3--,! idea ( a gradual emancipation & removal ( ! slaves f ?is commonweal?1 is coeval ) ! decl>ation ( our indep5d5ce f ! ,briti% yoke4 ,x sprung into exi/5ce dur+ ! fir/ session ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 subsequ5t to ! =mation ( y\r republican gov]nm5t4 ,:5 ,virg9ia /ood su/a9$ 9 h] legislation by ! pure & philosophic intellect ( ,p5dleton--by ! patriotism ( ,mason & ,lee--by ! se>*+ vigor & sagacity ( ,wy!1 & by ! all-embrac+1 all-compreh5sive g5ius ( ,?omas ,jeff]son6 ,sir1 x 0 a committee compos$ ( ^? five illu/ri\s m51 :o1 9 #aggg1 submitt$ to ! g5]al assembly ( ?is /ate1 !n 9 session1 a plan = ! gradual emancipation ( ! slaves ( ?is commonweal?4 ,hon4 ,b5jam9 ,watk9s ,leigh1 late ,unit$ ,/ates' s5ator f ,virg9ia1 9 8 lett]s to ! p ( ,virg9ia1 9 #ahcb1 sign$ ,appomattox1 p4 #dc1 says3 ,i ?\ght1 till v lately1 t x 0 kn[n to e body t dur+ ! ,revolution1 & = _m ye>s aft]1 ! abolition ( slav]y 0 a favorite topic ) _m ( our able/ /atesm51 :o ent]ta9$1 ) respect1 all ! s*emes :i* wisdom or +5uity c\ld sugge/ = accompli%+ ! object4 ,mr4 ,wy!1 to ! day ( 8 dea?1 0 = a simple abolition1 consid]+ ! objection to color z f\nd$ 9 prejudice4 ,by degrees1 all projects ( ! k9d 7 ab&on$4 ,mr4 ,jeff]son reta9$ 8 op9ion1 & n[ we h ^! projects reviv$4 ,gov]nor ,b>b\r1 ( ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee* 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 on ! ,miss\ri "q1 ,jan4 #ahbj1 said3--,we are ask$ :y has ,virg9ia *ang$ h] policy 9 ref]5ce to slav]y8 ,t ! s5tim5ts ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ m51 = ?irty ye>s entirely correspond$ ) ! c\rse :i* ! fri5ds ( ! re/riction 7( slav]y 9 ,miss\ri7 n[ advocat$2 & t ! ,virg9ia delegation1 "o ( :i* 0 ! late ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ance1 vot$ = ! re/riction1 7( slav]y7 9 ! nor?we/]n t]ritory1 & t ,mr4 ,jeff]son has del9eat$ a gloomy picture ( ! baneful effects ( slav]y4 ,:5 x is recollect$ t ! ,notes ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son 7 writt5 dur+ ! progress ( ! revolution1 x is no matt] ( surprise t ! writ] %\ld h imbib$ a l>ge portion ( t en?usiasm :i* su* an occasion 0 s well calculat$ to produce4 ,z to ! cons5t ( ! ,virg9ia delegation to ! re/riction 9 "q1 :e!r ! result ( a disposition to re/ra9 ! slave trade indirectly1 or ! influ5ce ( t en?usiasm to :i* ,i h j allud$1 99 99 99 99 x is n n[ important to decide4 ,we h witness$ its effects4 ,! lib]ality ( ,virg9ia1 or1 z ! result may prove1 h] folly1 :i* submitt$ to1 or1 if y w1 ,,propos$ ?is measure1 7abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,n4,w4 t]ritory7 has ev5tuat$ 9 effects :i* speak a monitory lesson4 ,h[ is ! repres5tation f ?is qu>t] on ! pres5t "q8 ,mr4 ,imlay1 9 8 e>ly hi/ory ( ,k5tucky1 p4 #ahe1 says3 ,we h disgrac$ ! fair face ( humanity1 & trampl$ ^u ! sacr$ privileges ( man1 at ! v mom5t t we 7 exclaim+ aga9/ ! tyranny ( y\r 7! ,engli%7 m9i/ry4 ,b 9 cont5d+ = ! bir?right ( fre$om1 we h le>n$ to feel = ! bondage ( o!rs1 & 9 ! libations we (f] to ! goddess ( lib]ty1 we contemplate an emancipation ( ! slaves ( ?is c\ntry1 z honorable to !mselves z x w be glori\s to u4 ,9 ! debate 9 ,congress1 ,jan4 #bj1 #ahjf1 on ,mr4 ,sloan's motion to lay a tax on ! importation ( slaves1 ,mr4 ,cl>k ( ,va4 said3 ,he 0 no advocate = a sy/em ( slav]y4 ,mr4 ,m>ion1 ( ,s4 ,c>ol9a1 said3 ,he nev] _h pur*as$1 nor %\ld he ev] pur*ase a slave4 ,mr4 ,s\?>d said3 ,n rev5ue1 b an expression ( ! national s5tim5t is ! pr9cipal object4 ,mr4 ,smilie--,i rejoice t ! ^w 7slave7 is n 9 ! ,con/itution2 its n be+ !re does honor to ! wor?ies :o w\ld n suff] x to become a "p ( x4 ,mr4 ,al/on1 ( ,n4 ,c>ol9a--,9 two ye>s we %all h ! p[] to prohibit ! trade altoge!r4 ,!n ?is ,h\se w be ,,unanim\s4 ,no "o w object to our ex]cis+ our full con/itutional p[]s4 ,national ,intellig5c]1 ,jany4 #bd1 #ahjf4 ,^! witnesses ne$ no v\*]s to entitle !m to cr$it--nor _! te/imony comm5ts to make x intelligible--_! names are _! endors]s & _! /rong words _! own int]pret]s4 ,we wave all comm5ts4 ,our read]s are ( age4 ,:osoev] ha? e>s to he>1 let him ,,he>4 ,& :osoev] w n he> ! fa!rs ( ! revolution1 ! f\nd]s ( ! gov]nm5t1 its *ief magi/rates1 judges1 legislators & sages1 :o d>$ & p]il$ all "u ! burd5s1 & 9 ! heat ( ! day t tri$ m5's s\ls--!n nei!r w he be p]suad$ ?\gh ,,!y rose f ! dead4 ,"s ( ! po9ts e/abli%$ by ! te/imony are--,! univ]sal expectation t ! moral influ5ce ( ,congress1 ( /ate legislatures1 ( sem9>ies ( le>n+1 ( *ur*es1 ( ! m9i/]s ( religion1 & ( public s5tim5t widely embodi$ 9 abolition societies1 w\ld be ex]t$ aga9/ slav]y1 call+ =? by argum5t & appeal ! moral s5se ( ! nation1 & creat+ a p[] ( op9ion t w\ld aboli% ! sy/em ?r\gh\t ! union4 ,9 a ^w1 t free spee* & a free press w\ld be wield$ aga9/ slav]y )\t ceas+ & )\t re/riction4 ,full well did ! s\? "k1 n only t ! national gov]nm5t w\ld probably legislate aga9/ slav]y :]ev] ! con/itution plac$ x )9 its rea*1 b %e knew also t ,congress _h already m>k$ out ! l9e ( national policy to be pursu$ on ! subject--_h committ$ itself be=e ! _w to a c\rse ( action aga9/ slav]y1 :]ev] %e c\ld move ^u x )\t enc\nt]+ a conflict+ jurisdiction--t ! nation _h e/abli%$ by solemn ord9ance memorable prec$5t = subsequ5t action1 by aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! nor?we/ t]ritory1 & by decl>+ t x %\ld nev] !nce=w>d exi/ !re2 & ?is too1 z soon z by cession ( ,virg9ia & o!r /ates1 ! t]ritory came "u ,congressional control4 ,! s\? knew also t ! six? article 9 ! ord9ance prohibit+ slav]y 0 fir/ propos$ by ! l>ge/ slavehold+ /ate 9 ! conf$]acy--t ! *airman ( ! committee t report$ ! ord9ance 0 a slavehold]--t ! ord9ance 0 enact$ by ,congress dur+ ! session ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution--t ! provisions ( ! ord9ance 71 bo? :ile 9 prospect1 & :5 "u discussion1 matt]s ( univ]sal notoriety & approval ) all p>ties1 & :5 f9ally pass$1 receiv$ ! vote ( e memb] ( ,congress f ea* ( ! slavehold+ /ates4 ,! s\? also _h e reason = believ+ t ! fir/ ,congress "u ! con/itution w\ld ratify t ord9ance--z x did unanim\sly4 ,a cr[d ( reflections1 sugge/ by ! prec$+ te/imony1 press = utt]ance4 ,! "r ( petition ravi%$ & trampl$ by its con/itutional gu>dians1 & insult & defiance hurl$ 9 ! faces ( ! ,,sov]eign ,,p :ile calmly remon/rat+ ) _! ,,s]vants = viol5ce committ$ on ! nation's *>t] & _! own de>e/ rights6 ,add to ?is ! "r ( peaceably assembl+ viol5tly wre/$--! rights ( m9orities1 rights no long]--free spee* /ruck dumb--free m5 outlaw$ & murd]$--free presses ca/ into ! /reets & _! fragm5ts /rew$ ) %\t+s1 or fl\ri%$ 9 triumph be=e ! gaze ( approv+ cr[ds z pr\d memb]s ( pro/rate law6 ,! _s & p[] ( our fa!rs1 :]e are !y8 ,_! deep homage always & e :]e r5d]$ to ,,free ,,?\ght1 ) its insep>able signs--free spee* & a free press--_! rev]5ce = ju/ice1 lib]ty1 rights & all-p]vad+ law1 :]e are !y8 ,b we turn f ^! consid]ations--?\gh ! times on :i* we h fall51 & ^? t[>ds :i* we are borne ) headlong ha/e1 call = _! discussion z ) ! voices ( dep>t+ life--& proce$ to topics relevant to ! argum5t be=e u4 ,! sev5? article ( ! am5dm5ts to ! con/itution is alleg$ to )hold f ,congress ! p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,no p]son %all be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law4 ,all ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict h be5 depriv$ ( lib]ty by legislative acts4 ,n[1 ^! legislative acts depriv+ !m ( lib]ty1 7 ei!r due process ( law1 or !y 7 n4 ,if !y 71 !n a legislative act1 tak+ f ! ma/] t prop]ty :i* is ! id5tical lib]ty previ\sly tak5 f ! slave1 w\ld be due process ( law also1 & ( c\rse a con/itutional act2 b if ! legislative acts depriv+ !m ( lib]ty 7 n due process ( law1 !n ! slaves 7 depriv$ ( lib]ty uncon/itutionally1 & ^! acts are void4 ,9 t case ! con/itution emancipates !m4 ,if ! objector reply1 by say+ t ! import ( ! phrase due process ( law1 is judicial process solely1 x is grant$1 & t fact is our rejo9d]2 = no slave 9 ! ,di/rict has be5 depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty by a judicial process1 or1 9 o!r words1 by due process ( law2 consequ5tly1 ^u ! objector's own admission1 e slave 9 ! ,di/rict has be5 depriv$ ( lib]ty uncon/itutionally1 & is !re=e free by ! con/itution4 ,?is is ass]t$ only ( ! slaves "u ! exclusive legislation ( ,congress4 ,! la/ clause ( ! article "u consid]ation is quot$ = ! same purpose3 ,nor %all private prop]ty be tak5 = public use )\t j comp5sation4 ,ea* ( ! /ate con/itutions has a clause ( simil> purport4 ,! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict by ,congress1 w\ld n1 z we %all pres5tly %[1 violate ?is clause ei!r directly or by implication4 ,grant+ = argum5t's sake1 t slaves are private prop]ty1 & t to emancipate !m1 w\ld be to take private prop]ty = public use1 ! objector admits ! p[] ( ,congress to d ?is1 provid$ x w d some?+ else1 t is1 pay = !m4 ,?us1 in/ead ( d5y+ ! p[]1 ! objector n only admits1 b affirms x1 z ! gr\nd ( ! inf]5ce t comp5sation mu/ accompany x4 ,s f> f disprov+ ! exi/5ce ( "o p[]1 ! objector ass]ts ! exi/5ce ( two--"o1 ! p[] to take ! slaves f _! ma/]s1 ! o!r1 ! p[] to take ! prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to pay = !m4 ,if ,congress _c con/itutionally impair ! "r ( private prop]ty1 or take x )\t comp5sation1 x _c con/itutionally1 legalize ! p]petration ( su* acts1 by o!rs1 nor protect ^? :o commit !m4 ,does ! p[] to rob a man ( 8 e>n+s1 rob ! e>n] ( 8 "r to !m8 ,:o has a bett] "r to ! product ?an ! produc]8--to ! int]e/1 ?an ! own] ( ! pr9cipal8--to ! h&s & arms1 ?an he f ^: %\ld]s !y sw+8--to ! body & s\l1 ?an he ^: !y are8 ,congress n only impairs b annihilates ! "r ( private prop]ty1 :ile x )holds f ! slaves ( ! ,di/rict _! title to !mselves4 ,:at6 ,congress p[]less to protect a man's "r to himself1 :5 x c make inviolable ! "r to a dog8 ,b1 wav+ ?is1 ,i d5y t ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict w\ld violate ?is clause4 ,:at does ! clause prohibit8 ,! tak+ ( private prop]ty = public use4 ,suppose ,congress %\ld emancipate ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict1 :at w\ld x take8 ,no?+4 ,:at w\ld x hold8 ,no?+4 ,:at w\ld x put to public use8 ,no?+4 ,in/ead ( tak+ private prop]ty1 ,congress1 by aboli%+ slav]y1 w\ld say private prop]ty %all n be tak52 & ^? :o h be5 robb$ ( x already1 %all be kept out ( x no long]2 & s9ce e man's "r to 8 own body is p>am\nt1 he %all be protect$ 9 x4 ,true1 ,congress may n arbitr>ily take prop]ty1 z prop]ty1 f "o man & give x to ano!r--& 9 ! abolition ( slav]y no su* ?+ is done4 ,a legislative act *anges ! condition ( ! slave--makes him 8 own proprietor in/ead ( ! prop]ty ( ano!r4 ,x det]m9es a "q ( orig9al "r betwe5 two classes ( p]sons--do+ an act ( ju/ice to "o1 & re/ra9+ ! o!r f acts ( inju/ice2 or1 9 o!r words1 prev5t+ "o f robb+ ! o!r1 by grant+ to ! injur$ p>ty ! protection ( j & equitable laws4 ,congress1 by an act ( abolition1 w\ld *ange ! condition ( sev5 ?\s& p]sons 9 ! ,di/rict1 b w\ld take no?+4 ,to con/rue ?is provision s z to enable ! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict to hold z prop]ty1 & 9 p]petuity1 :atev] !y please1 or to hold x z prop]ty 9 all circum/ances--all necessity1 public welf>e1 & ! w & p[] ( ! gov]nm5t to ! contr>y not)/&+--is a total p]v]sion ( its :ole int5t4 ,! design ( ! provision1 0 to ?r[ up a b>ri] aga9/ ,gov]nm5tal aggr&izem5t4 ,! "r to take prop]ty = ,/ate uses is "o ?+2--! "r s to adju/ ! t5ures by :i* prop]ty is held1 t ea* may h 8 own secur$ to him1 is ano!r ?+1 & cle>ly )9 ! scope ( legislation4 ,besides1 if ,congress 7 to take ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict1 x w\ld be adopt+1 n aboli%+ slav]y--becom+ a slavehold] itself1 in/ead ( requir+ o!rs to be su* no long]4 ,! clause 9 "q1 prohibits ! tak+ ( individual prop]ty = public uses1 to be employ$ or dispos$ ( z prop]ty = gov]nm5tal purposes4 ,congress1 by aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 w\ld d no su* ?+4 ,x w\ld m]ely *ange ! condition ( t :i* has be5 recognis$ z a qualifi$ prop]ty by congressional acts1 ?\gh previ\sly decl>$ p]sons by ! con/itution4 ,m ?an ?is is done cont9ually by ,congress & e o!r ,legislature4 ,prop]ty ! mo/ absolute & unqualifi$1 is annihilat$ by legislative acts4 ,! emb>go & non-int]c\rse act1 pro/rat$ at a /roke1 a =e/ ( %ipp+1 & sank millions ( capital4 ,to say no?+ ( ! p[] ( ,congress to take hundr$s ( millions f ! p by direct taxation1 :o d\bts its p[] to aboli% at once ! :ole t>iff sy/em1 *ange ! seat ( ,gov]nm5t1 arre/ ! progress ( national works1 prohibit any bran* ( comm]ce ) ! ,indian tribes or ) =eign nations1 *ange ! locality ( =ts1 ars5als1 magaz9es1 dock y>ds1 c41 to aboli% ! ,po/ ,(fice sy/em1 ! privilege ( pat5ts & copyrights1 c4 ,by su* acts ,congress might1 9 ! ex]cise ( its ackn[l$g$ p[]s1 annihilate prop]ty to an incalculable am\nt1 & t )\t becom+ liable to claims = comp5sation4 ,f9ally1 ?is clause prohibits ! tak+ = public use ( prop]ty4 ,! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates does n recognise slaves z ,,prop]ty any :]e1 & x does n recognise !m 9 any s5se 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,all allusions to !m 9 ! con/itution recognise !m z p]sons4 ,e ref]5ce to !m po9ts solely to ! elem5t ( p]sonality2 & ?us1 by ! /ronge/ implication1 decl>es t ! con/itution kn[s !m only z p]sons1 & w n recognise !m 9 any o!r light4 ,if !y escape into free ,/ates1 ! con/itution au?orizes _! be+ tak5 back4 ,b h[8 ,n z ! prop]ty ( an own]1 b z p]sons2 & ! peculi>ity ( ! expression is a m>k$ recognition ( _! p]sonality--a refusal to recognise !m z *attels--p]sons held to s]vice4 ,are ox5 held to s]vice8 ,t c be affirm$ only ( p]sons4 ,aga91 slaves give political p[] z p]sons4 ,! con/itution1 9 settl+ ! pr9ciple ( repres5tation1 requires _! enum]ation 9 ! c5sus4 ,h[8 ,z prop]ty8 ,!n :y n include race horses & game cocks8 ,slaves1 l o!r inhabitants1 are enum]at$ z p]sons4 ,s by ! con/itution1 ! gov]nm5t 0 pl$g$ to non-int]f]5ce ) ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z ! ,/ates might ?9k prop] to admit until #ahjh1 & au?oriz$ ! lay+ ( a tax on ea* p]son s admitt$4 ,fur!r1 slaves are recogniz$ z p]sons by ! exaction ( _! allegiance to ! gov]nm5t4 ,= (f5ces aga9/ ! gov]nm5t slaves are tri$ z p]sons2 z p]sons !y are entitl$ to c\nsel = _! def5ce1 to ! rules ( evid5ce1 & to due process ( ! law1 & z p]sons !y are puni%$4 ,true1 !y are load$ ) cruel disabilities 9 c\rts ( law1 su* z greatly ob/ruct & (t5 inevitably defeat ! ends ( ju/ice1 yet !y are /ill recognis$ z p]sons4 ,ev5 9 ! legislation ( ,congress1 & 9 ! diplomacy ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 not)/&+ ! frequ5t & wide dep>tures f ! integrity ( ! con/itution on ?is subject1 slaves are n recognis$ z prop]ty )\t qualification4 ,congress has always refus$ to grant comp5sation = slaves kill$ or tak5 by ! enemy1 ev5 :5 ^! slaves _h be5 impress$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates' s]vice4 ,9 half a score ( cases s9ce ! la/ w>1 ,congress has reject$ su* applications = comp5sation4 ,besides1 bo? 9 ,congressional acts1 & 9 our national diplomacy1 slaves & prop]ty are n us$ z conv]tible t]ms4 ,:5 m5tion$ 9 treaties & /ate pap]s x is 9 su* a way z to di/+ui% !m f m]e prop]ty1 & g5]ally by a recognition ( _! p]sonality4 ,9 ! inv>iable recognition ( slaves z p]sons1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution caught ! mantle ( ! glori\s ,decl>ation1 & mo/ wor?ily we>s x4--,x recognizes all human be+s z m51 p]sons1 & ?us z equals4 ,9 ! orig9al draft ( ! ,decl>ation1 z x came f ! head ( ,jeff]son1 x is alleg$ t ,great ,brita9 _h wag$ a cruel w> aga9/ human nature itself1 violat+ its mo/ sacr$ rights ( life & lib]ty 9 ! p]sons ( a di/ant p1 c>ry+ !m into slav]y1 99 99 det]m9$ to keep up a m>ket :]e ,,m5 %\ld be b\ght & sold1--?us disda9+ to make ! *>t] ( fre$om a w>rant = ! arre/ ( m51 t !y might be %orn bo? ( lib]ty & humanity4 ,! celebrat$ ,rog] ,%]man1 "o ( ! committee ( five appo9t$ to draft ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 & also a memb] ( ! ,conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution1 said1 9 ! fir/ ,congress aft] its adoption3 ,! con/itution does n consid] ^! p]sons1 7slaves17 z a species ( prop]ty4--,lloyd's ,cong4 ,reg4 v4 #a1 p4 #cac4 ,t ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution does n make slaves prop]ty1 is %[n 9 ! fact1 t no p]son1 ei!r z a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or by hav+ 8 domicile )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t1 c hold slaves4 ,he c hold !m only by d]iv+ 8 p[] f /ate laws1 or f ! law ( ,congress1 if he hold slaves )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,b no p]son resid5t )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' jurisdiction1 & n )9 ! ,di/rict1 nor )9 a /ate ^: laws support slav]y1 nor held to s]vice "u ! laws ( su* /ate or di/rict1 hav+ escap$ !refrom1 c be held z a slave4 ,m5 c hold prop]ty "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t ?\gh resid+ beyond ! b\nds ( any /ate1 di/rict1 or t]ritory4 ,an inhabitant ( ! ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory c hold prop]ty !re "u ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b he _c hold slaves !re "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates' laws1 nor by virtue ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution1 nor ^u ! gr\nd ( 8 ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5%ip1 nor by hav+ 8 domicile )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates jurisdiction4 ,! con/itution no :]e recognizes ! "r to slave prop]ty1 b m]ely ! fact t ! /ates h jurisdiction ea* 9 its own limits1 & t !re are c]ta9 p]sons )9 _! jurisdictions held to s]vice by _! own laws4 ,f9ally1 9 ! clause "u consid]ation1 private prop]ty is n to be tak5 )\t j comp5sation4 ,,j6 ,if ju/ice is to be appeal$ to 9 det]m9+ ! am\nt ( comp5sation1 let h] det]m9e ! gr\nds also4 ,if x be h] prov9ce to say h[ mu* comp5sation is j1 x is h]s to say :e!r any is j1--:e!r ! slave is j prop]ty at all1 r ?an a p]son4 ,!n1 if ju/ice adjudges ! slave to be private prop]ty1 x adjudges him to be 8 own prop]ty1 s9ce ! "r to "o's self is ! fir/ "r--! s\rce ( all o!rs--! orig9al /ock by :i* !y are accumulat$--! pr9cipal1 ( :i* !y are ! int]e/4 ,& s9ce ! slave's private prop]ty has be5 tak51 & s9ce comp5sation is impossible--!re be+ no equival5t = "o's self--! lea/ t c be done is to re/ore to him 8 orig9al private prop]ty4 ,hav+ %[n t 9 aboli%+ slav]y1 prop]ty w\ld n be tak5 = public use1 x may be add$ t1 9 ^? /ates :]e slav]y has be5 aboli%$ by law1 no claim = comp5sation has be5 all[$4 ,inde$ ! manife/ absurdity ( dem&+ x1 seems to h q =e/all$ ! sett+ up ( su* a claim4 ,! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 in/ead ( be+ a legislative anomaly1 w\ld proce$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( e day legislation4 ,x has be5 %[n already1 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution does n recognize slaves z prop]ty4 ,yet ord9>y legislation is full ( prec$5ts1 %[+ t ev5 absolute prop]ty is 9 _m respects :olly subject to legislation4 ,! repeal ( ! law ( entailm5ts--all ^? acts t control ! ali5ation ( prop]ty1 its disposal by w1 its pass+ to heirs by desc5t1 ) ! "q1 :o %all be heirs1 & :at %all be ! rule ( di/ribution among !m1 or :e!r prop]ty %all be transmitt$ at all by desc5t1 r ?an es*eat to ! /ate--^!1 ) /atutes ( limitation1 & v>i\s o!r classes ( legislative acts1 s]ve to illu/rate ! ackn[l$g$ scope ( ! law-mak+ p[]1 ev5 :]e prop]ty is 9 e s5se absolute4 ,p]sons ^: prop]ty is ?us affect$ by public laws1 receive f ! gov]nm5t no comp5sation = _! losses1 unless ! /ate has be5 put into possession ( ! prop]ty tak5 f !m4 ,! preamble ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution decl>es x to be a fundam5tal object ( ! organization ( ! gov]nm5t to ,,e/abli% ,,ju/ice4 ,has ,congress no p[] to d t = :i* x 0 made ! depository ( p[]8 ,,_c ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t fulfil ! purpose = :i* x 0 br\ght into be+8 ,to aboli% slav]y1 is to take f no rightful own] 8 prop]ty2 b to e/abli% ju/ice betwe5 two p>ties4 ,to emancipate ! slave1 is to e/abli% ju/ice betwe5 him & 8 ma/]--to ?r[ ar\nd ! p]son1 "*1 consci5ce1 lib]ty1 & dome/ic relations ( ! "o1 ! same law t secures & blesses ! o!r4 ,9 o!r words1 to prev5t by legal re/ra9ts "o class ( m5 f seiz+ ^u ano!r class1 & robb+ !m at pleasure ( _! e>n+s1 _! "t1 _! lib]ty1 _! k9dr$1 & ! v use & own]%ip ( _! own p]sons4 ,f9ally1 to aboli% slav]y is to proclaim & enact t innoc5ce & helplessness--n[ free plund]--are entitl$ to legal protection2 & t p[]1 av>ice1 & lu/1 %all no long] gorge ^u _! spoils "u ! lic5se1 & by ! m9i/rations ( law6 ,congress1 by possess+ exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 has a g5]al protective p[] = ,,all ! inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict4 ,if x has no p[] to protect "o man1 x has none to protect ano!r--none to protect any--& if x c protect "o man & is b\nd to protect him1 x c protect e man--all m5--& is b\nd to d x4 ,all admit ! p[] ( ,congress to protect ! ma/]s 9 ! ,di/rict aga9/ _! slaves4 ,:at "p ( ! con/itution gives ! p[]8 ,! clause s (t5 quot$1--p[] ( legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 equally 9 ! case ( def5d+ ! blacks aga9/ ! :ites1 z 9 t ( def5d+ ! :ites aga9/ ! blacks4 ,! p[] is giv5 also by ,art4 #a1 ,sec4 #h1 clause #ae--;,congress %all h p[] to suppress insurrections--a p[] to protect1 z well blacks aga9/ :ites1 z :ites aga9/ blacks4 ,if ! con/itution gives p[] to protect "o class aga9/ ! o!r1 x gives p[] to protect ei!r aga9/ ! o!r4 ,suppose ! blacks 9 ! ,di/rict %\ld seize ! :ites1 drive !m into ! fields & kit*5s1 =ce !m to "w )\t pay1 flog !m1 imprison !m1 & sell !m at _! pleasure1 :]e w\ld ,congress f9d p[] to re/ra9 su* acts8 ,answ]2 a g5]al p[] 9 ! clause s (t5 cit$1 & an express "o 9 t cit$ above--,congress %all h p[]1 to suppress insurrections4 ,s mu* = a suppos$ case4 ,"h foll[s a real "o4 ,! :ites 9 ! ,di/rict are p]petrat+ ^! id5tical acts ^u sev5 ?\s& blacks daily4 ,t ,congress has p[] to re/ra9 ^! acts 9 "o case1 all ass]t1 & 9 s do+ !y ass]t ! p[] 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,= ! grant ( p[] to suppress insurrections1 is an unconditional grant1 n hamp]$ by provisos z to ! color1 %ape1 size1 sex1 language1 cre$1 or condition ( ! insurg5ts4 ,congress d]ives its p[] to suppress ?is actual insurrection1 f ! same s\rce :5ce x d]iv$ its p[] to suppress ! same acts 9 ! case suppos$4 ,if "o case is an insurrection1 ! o!r is4 ,! acts 9 bo? are ! same2 ! actors only are diff]5t4 ,9 ! "o case1 ignorant & degrad$--goad$ by ! memory ( ! pa/1 /ung by ! pres5t1 & driv5 to desp]ation by ! fe>ful look+ = ( wrongs = ev] to come4 ,9 ! o!r1 enlight5$ into ! nature ( rights1 ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 & ! dictates ( ! law ( love1 unprovok$ by wrongs1 ) cool delib]ation1 & by sy/em1 !y p]petrate ^! acts ^u ^? to :om !y owe unnumb]$ obligations = :ole lives ( unrequit$ s]vice4 ,on :i* side may palliation be plead$1 & :i* p>ty may mo/ reasonably claim an abatem5t ( ! rigors ( law8 ,if ,congress has p[] to suppress su* acts at all1 x has p[] to suppress !m 9 all4 ,x has be5 %[n already t allegiance is exact$ ( ! slave4 ,is ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates unable to grant protection :]e x exacts allegiance8 ,x is an axiom ( ! civiliz$ _w1 & a maxim ev5 ) savages1 t allegiance & protection are reciprocal & correlative4 ,are pr9ciples p[]less ) u :i* exact homage ( b>b>ians8 ,protection is ! ,,con/itutional ,,"r ( e human be+ "u ! exclusive legislation ( ,congress :o has n =feit$ x by crime4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i argue ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 fro? ,art4 #a1 sec4 #h1 clause #a1 ( ! con/itution3 ,congress %all h p[] to provide = ! common def5ce & ! g5]al welf>e ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,has ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates no p[] "u ?is grant1 to legislate )9 its own exclusive jurisdiction on subjects t vitally affect its int]e/s8 ,suppose ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict %\ld rise ^u _! ma/]s1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t1 9 quell+ ! insurrection1 %\ld kill any numb] ( !m4 ,c\ld _! ma/]s claim comp5sation ( ! gov]nm5t8 ,manife/ly n2 ev5 ?\gh no pro( exi/$ t ! p>ticul> slaves kill$ 7 insurg5ts4 ,?is 0 precisely ! po9t at issue betwe5 ^? ma/]s1 ^: slaves 7 kill$ by ! ,/ate troops at ! "t ( ! ,s\?ampton insurrection1 & ! ,virg9ia ,legislature2 no evid5ce 0 br\ght to %[ t ! slaves kill$ by ! troops 7 insurg5ts2 yet ! ,virg9ia ,legislature decid$ t _! ma/]s 7 n entitl$ to comp5sation4 ,!y proce$$ on ! s\nd pr9ciple1 t a gov]nm5t may 9 self protection de/roy ! claim ( its subjects ev5 to t :i* has be5 recognis$ z prop]ty by its own acts4 ,if 9 provid+ = ! common def5ce ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t1 9 ! case suppos$1 w\ld h p[] to de/roy slaves bo? z prop]ty & p]sons1 x surely might /op half-way1 de/roy !m z prop]ty :ile x legaliz$ _! exi/5ce z p]sons1 & ?us provid$ = ! common def5ce by giv+ !m a p]sonal & p[]ful int]e/ 9 ! gov]nm5t1 & secur+ _! /r5g? = its def5ce4 ,l o!r ,legislatures1 ,congress has p[] to abate nuisances--to remove or te> d[n unsafe build+s--to de/roy infect$ c>goes--to lay injunctions ^u manufactories injuri\s to ! public heal?--& ?us to provide = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e by de/roy+ individual prop]ty1 :5 x puts 9 jeop>dy ! public weal4 ,grant+1 = argum5t's sake1 t slaves are prop]ty 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia--if ,congress has a "r to annihilate prop]ty 9 ! ,di/rict :5 ! public safety requires x1 x may surely annihilate its exi/5ce z prop]ty :5 public safety requires x1 especially if x trans=m into a protection & def5ce t :i* z prop]ty p]il$ ! public int]e/s4 ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia !re are1 besides ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,capitol1 ! ,presid5t's h\se1 ! national (fices1 c4 ( ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,/ate1 ,treasury1 ,w>1 & ,navy1 ! ,g5]al ,po/-(fice1 & ,pat5t ,(fice4 ,x is also ! resid5ce ( ! ,presid5t1 all ! highe/ (fic]s ( ! gov]nm5t1 bo? h\ses ( ,congress1 & all ! =eign ambassadors4 ,9 ?is same ,di/rict !re are also sev5 ?\s& slaves4 ,jeff]son1 9 8 ,notes on ,va4 p4 #bda1 says ( slav]y1 t ! ,/ate p]mitt+ "o half ( its citiz5s to trample on ! rights ( ! o!r1 trans=ms !m into enemies2 & ,ri*>d ,h5ry ,lee1 9 ! ,va4 ,h\se ( ,burgesses 9 #ageh1 decl>$ t to ^? :o held !m1 slaves mu/ be natural enemies4 ,is ,congress s impot5t t x _c ex]cise t "r pron\nc$ bo? by municipal & national law1 ! mo/ sacr$ & univ]sal--! "r ( self-pres]vation & def5ce8 ,is x %ut up to ! necessity ( keep+ sev5 ?\s& enemies 9 ! he>t ( ! nation's citadel8 ,does ! iron fiat ( ! con/itution doom x to su* imbecility t x _c arre/ ! process t made !m enemies1 & /ill goads to deadli] hate by fi]y trials1 & day by day adds o!rs to _! numb]8 ,is ?is provid+ = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e8 ,if to rob m5 ( rights excites _! hate1 freely to re/ore !m & make am5ds1 w w9 _! love4 ,by emancipat+ ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld disb& an army ( enemies1 & enli/ = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e1 a body gu>d ( fri5ds sev5 ?\s& /rong4 ,9 ! la/ w>1 a h&ful ( ,briti% soldi]s sack$ ,wa%+ton city1 burn$ ! capitol1 ! ,presid5t's h\se1 & ! national (fices & ar*ives2 & no m>vel1 = ?\s&s ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict _h be5 ,,trans=m$ ,,into ,,enemies4 ,w\ld !y beat back invasion8 ,if ! national gov]nm5t _h ex]cis$ its con/itutional p[] to provide = ! common def5ce & to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 by turn+ ^? enemies into fri5ds1 !n1 in/ead ( a ho/ile ambu% lurk+ 9 e ?icket invit+ assault1 & secret foes 9 e h\se p>alyz+ def5ce1 an army ( allies w\ld h ralli$ 9 ! h\r ( h] calamity1 & %\t$ defiance f _! munitions ( rocks2 :il/ ! bann] ( ! republic1 !n trampl$ 9 du/1 w\ld h float$ securely ov] ,,freem5 exult+ amid/ bulw>ks ( /r5g?4 ,to %[ t ,congress c aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 "u ! grant ( p[] to provide = ! common def5ce & to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 ,i quote an extract f a spee* ( ,mr4 ,madison1 ( ,va41 9 ! fir/ ,congress "u ! con/itution1 ,may #ac1 #aghi4 ,speak+ ( ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 ,mr4 ,madison says3 ,i %\ld v5ture to say x is z mu* = ! int]e/s ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 z ( any /ate 9 ! union4 ,e addition !y receive to _! numb] ( slaves t5ds to weak5 !m1 & r5d]s !m less capable ( self-def5ce4 ,9 case ( ho/ilities ) =eign nations1 !y w be ! means ( invit+ attack in/ead ( repell+ invasion4 ,x is a necess>y duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to protect e "p ( ! empire aga9/ dang]1 z well int]nal z ext]nal4 ,e ?+1 !re=e1 :i* t5ds to increase ?is dang]1 ?\gh x may be a local affair1 yet if x involves national exp5se or safety1 x becomes ( conc]n to e "p ( ! union1 & is a prop] subject = ! consid]ation ( ^? *>g$ ) ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,see ,cong4 ,reg4 vol4 #a1 p4 #caj-aa4 ,,wy!4 ,,po/script ,my apology = add+ a po/script1 to a discussion already p]haps too protract$1 is ! fact t ! prec$+ %eets 7 9 ! h&s ( ! pr9t]1 & all b ! conclud+ pages _h gone ?r\gh ! press1 be=e ! passage ( ,mr4 ,calh\n's late resolutions 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a proce$+ s extraord9>y1--if inde$ ! "t has n pass$ :5 any acts ( ,congress 9 d]ogation ( fre$om & 9 def]5ce to slav]y1 c be deem$ extraord9>y1--%\ld n be suff]$ to pass 9 sil5ce at su* a crisis z ! pres5t2 especially z ! passage ( "o ( ! resolutions by a vote ( #cf to #h1 exhibits a %ift ( position on ! "p ( ! ,s\?1 z sudd5 z x is unacc\ntable1 be+ no?+ less ?an ! surr5d] ( a =tress :i* until !n !y _h def5d$ ) ! p]t9acity ( a bl9d & almo/ infuriat$ fatuity4 ,^u ! discussions dur+ ! p5d5cy ( ! resolutions1 & ^u ! vote1 by :i* !y 7 c>ri$1 ,i make no comm5t1 save only to record my exultation 9 ! fact !re exhibit$1 t great em]g5cies are true t\*/ones1 & t h5ce=w>d1 until ?is "q is settl$1 :oev] holds a seat 9 ,congress w f9d ^u1 & all ar\nd him1 a pressure /rong en\gh to ,,te/ him--a focal blaze t w f9d its way ?r\gh ! c>efully adju/$ cloak ( fair pret5sion1 & ! sev5fold brass ( two-fac$ political intrigue1 & no-fac$ non-committalism1 pi]c+ to ! divid+ asund] ( jo9ts & m>r[4 ,be x kn[n to e nor!rn man :o aspires to a seat 9 ,congress1 t h]eaft] x is ! de/9y ( congressional action on ?is subject1 to be a ,,mighty ,,revelator--mak+ secret ?\ghts public prop]ty1 & proclaim+ on ! h\se-tops :at is :isp]$ 9 ! e>--smit+ (f masks1 & bur/+ op5 sepul*res beautiful outw>dly1 & heav+ up to ! sun _! dead m5's bones4 ,to su* we say1--,rememb] ! ,miss\ri ,"q1 & ! fate ( ^? :o !n sold ! ,nor?1 & _! own bir?right6 ,pass+ by ! resolutions g5]ally )\t rem>k--! att5tion ( ! read] is specially solicit$ to ,mr4 ,clay's sub/itute = ,mr4 ,calh\n's fif? resolution4 ,resolv$1 ,t :5 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 0 c$$ by ! /ates ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dome/ic slav]y exi/$ 9 bo? ( ^! /ates1 includ+ ! c$$ t]ritory1 & t1 z x /ill cont9ues 9 bo? ( !m1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ )9 ! ,di/rict )\t a violation ( t good fai?1 :i* 0 impli$ 9 ! cession & 9 ! acceptance ( ! t]ritory2 nor1 unless comp5sation 7 made to ! proprietors ( slaves1 )\t a manife/ infr+em5t ( an am5dm5t to ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 nor )\t excit+ a degree ( j al>m & appreh5sion 9 ! /ates recognis+ slav]y1 f> transc5d+ 9 mis*iev\s t5d5cy1 any possible b5efit :i* c\ld be accompli%$ by ! abolition4 ,by vot+ = ?is resolution1 ! s\? by a simultane\s movem5t1 %ift$ its mode ( def5ce1 n s mu* by tak+ a position entirely new1 z by attempt+ to re=tify an old "o--nev] mu* tru/$ 91 & ab&on$ ma9ly long ago1 z be+ unable to hold out aga9/ assault h[ev] unskilfully direct$4 ,9 ! debate on ?is resolution1 ?\gh ! s\!rn memb]s ( ,congress did n pr(ess$ly retreat f ! gr\nd hi!rto ma9ta9$ by !m--t ,congress has no p[] by ! con/itution to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict--yet 9 ! ma9 !y sil5tly drew (f f x4 ,! passage ( ?is resolution--) ! vote ( e s\!rn s5ator1 =ms a new era 9 ! discussion ( ?is "q4 ,we _c jo9 9 ! lam5tations ( ^? :o bewail x4 ,we hail x1 & rejoice 9 x4 ,x 0 z we w\ld h _h x--(f]$ by a s\!rn s5ator1 advocat$ by s\!rn s5ators1 & on ! gr\nd t x 0 no compromise--t x embodi$ ! true s\!rn pr9ciple--t ?is resolution /ood on z high gr\nd z ,mr4 ,calh\n's4--7,mr4 ,pre/on7--t ,mr4 ,clay's resolution 0 z /rong z ,mr4 ,calh\n's--7,mr4 ,rives7--t ! resolution he 7,mr4 ,calh\n7 n[ refus$ to support1 0 z /rong z 8 own1 & t 9 support+ x1 !re 0 no ab&onm5t ( pr9ciple by ! s\?4--7,mr4 ,walk]1 ( ,mi47--fur!r1 t x 0 advocat$ by ! s\!rn s5ators g5]ally z an expression ( _! views1 & z sett+ ! "q ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict on its true gr\nd--t f9ally :5 ! "q 0 tak51 e slavehold+ s5ator1 includ+ ,mr4 ,calh\n himself1 vot$ = ! resolution4 ,by pass+ ?is resolution1 & ) su* av[als1 ! s\? has surr5d]$ irrevocably ! :ole "q at issue betwe5 !m & ! petition]s = abolition 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,x has1 unwitt+ly b explicitly1 conc$$ ! ma9 "q argu$ 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,! only gr\nd tak5 aga9/ ! "r ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict is1 t slav]y exi/$ 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia :5 ! cession 0 made1 & z x /ill cont9ues 9 bo? ( !m1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ )\t a violation ( t good fai? :i* 0 impli$ 9 ! cession1 c4 ,! sole argum5t is n t exclusive sov]eignty has no p[] to aboli% slav]y )9 its jurisdiction1 nor t ! p[]s ( ev5 ord9>y legislation _c d x1--nor t ! clause grant+ ,congress exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict1 gives no p[] to d x2 b t ! unexpress$ expectation ( "o ( ! p>ties t ! o!r w\ld n 9 all cases use ! p[] :i* said p>ty _h cons5t$ might be us$ 9 all cases1 prohibits ! use ( x4 ,! only c>d9al po9t 9 ! discussion1 is "h n only yield$1 b =mally laid d[n by ! ,s\? z ! lead+ article 9 _! cre$ on ! "q ( ,congressional jurisdiction ov] slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! sole reason giv5 :y ,congress %\ld n aboli%1 & ! sole evid5ce t if x did1 su* abolition w\ld be a violation ( good fai?1 is t slav]y /ill cont9ues 9 ^? /ates1--?us explicitly admitt+1 t if slav]y did n /ill cont9ue 9 ^? ,/ates1 ,congress c\ld aboli% x 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! same admission is made also 9 ! premises1 :i* /ate t slav]y exi/$ 9 ^? /ates at ! "t ( ! cession1 c4 ,admitt+ t if x _h n exi/$ !re !n1 b _h gr[n up 9 ! ,di/rict "u ,unit$ ,/ates' laws1 ,congress might con/itutionally aboli% x4 ,or t if ! c$$ p>ts ( ^? /ates _h be5 ! only p>ts 9 :i* slaves 7 held "u _! laws1 ,congress might h aboli%$ 9 su* a cont+5cy also4 ,! cession 9 t case leav+ no slaves 9 ^? /ates1--no good fai?1 w\ld be impli$ 9 x1 nor any violat$1 by an act ( abolition4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! resolution makes ?is fur!r admission1 t if ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia %\ld at once aboli% _! slav]y1 ,congress might at once aboli% x 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! pr9ciple goes ev5 fur!r ?an ?is1 & requires ,congress 9 su* case to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict by ! good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession & acceptance ( ! t]ritory4 ,s9ce accord+ to ! _s & scope ( ! resolution1 ?is impli$ good fai? ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia 9 mak+ ! cession1 0 t ,congress w\ld d no?+ )9 ! ,di/rict :i* %\ld g to c\nt]act ! policy1 or br+ into disrepute ! in/itutions1 or call 9 "q ! usages1 or ev5 9 any way ruffle ! prejudices ( ^? /ates1 or d :at !y might ?9k w\ld unfavorably be> ^u _! int]e/s2 !mselves ( c\rse be+ ! judges4 ,b let u dissect ano!r limb ( ! resolution4 ,:at is to be und]/ood by t good fai? :i* 0 ,,impli$8 ,x is ( c\rse an admission t su* a condition 0 n express$ 9 ! acts ( cession--t 9 _! t]ms !re is no?+ re/rict+ ! p[] ( ,congress on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict--n a ^w allud+ to x1 nor "o ins]t$ ) su* an int5t4 ,?is impli$ fai?1 !n1 re/s on no clause or ^w 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution1 or 9 ! acts ( cession1 or 9 ! acts ( ,congress accept+ ! cession1 nor does x re/ on any decl>ations ( ! legislatures ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia made at ! "t1 or 9 t g5]ation1 nor on any act ( !irs1 nor on any decl>ation ( ! p ( ^? /ates1 nor on ! te/imony ( ! ,wa%+tons1 ,jeff]sons1 ,madisons1 ,*aces1 ,m>t9s1 & ,j5nif]s1 ( ^? /ates & times4 ,! ass]tion re/s on itself alone6 ,mr4 ,clay & ! o!r s5ators :o vot$ = ! resolution1 guess t ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia suppos$ t ,congress w\ld by no means use ! p[] giv5 !m by ! con/itution1 except 9 su* ways z w\ld be well pleas+ 9 ! eyes ( ^? /ates2 especially z "o ( !m 0 ! ,anci5t ,dom9ion6 ,& n[ aft] ! lapse ( half a c5tury1 ?is assum$ expectation ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* is m]e matt] ( conjecture ) ! #cf s5ators1 is conjur$ up & duly in/all$ ^u ! judgm5t-seat ( f9al appeal1 be=e ^: nod con/itutions are to flee away1 & ) :om1 solemn grants ( p[] & explicit gu>anties are :5 weigh$ 9 ! balance1 altoge!r light] ?an vanity6 ,b let u survey x 9 ano!r light4 ,:y did ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia leave s mu* to be impli$8 ,:y did !y n 9 "s way express :at lay s ne> _! he>ts8 ,_h _! vocabul>y run s l[ t a s+le ^w c\ld n be ek$ out = ! occasion8 ,or 7 ^? /ates s ba%ful ( a sudd5 t !y d>e n speak out & tell :at !y want$8 ,or did !y take x = grant$ t ,congress w\ld always act 9 ! premises accord+ to _! wi%es1 & t too1 )\t _! mak+ kn[n _! wi%es8 ,if1 z honorable s5ators tell u1 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia did v]ily travail ) su* ab\nd+ fai?1 :y br\ght !y =? no works8 ,x is z true 9 legislation z 9 religion1 t ! only evid5ce ( fai? is works1 & t fai? )\t works is dead1 i4e4 has no p[]4 ,b "h1 =soo?1 a bl9d implication ) no?+ express$1 an impli$ fai? )\t works1 is omnipot5t4 ,mr4 ,clay is lawy] en\gh to "k t ev5 a s5atorial hypo!sis z to :at mu/ h be5 ! und]/&+ ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia ab\t congressional ex]cise ( con/itutional p[]1 abrogates no grant1 & t to plead x 9 a c\rt ( law1 w\ld be ( small s]vice except to jo/le _! honors' gravity6 ,he ne$ n be told t ! con/itution gives ,congress p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,nor t ! legislatures ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia con/ruct$ _! acts ( cession ) ?is clause be=e _! eyes1 & t bo? ( !m decl>$ ^? acts made 9 pursuance ( said clause4 ,^? /ates 7 aw>e t ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 _! con/itution _h left no?+ to be impli$ z to ! p[] ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict2--an admonition q suffici5t "o w\ld ?9k to put !m on _! gu>d1 & induce !m to es*ew vague implications & resort to /ipulations4 ,full well did !y "k also t ^! 7 times :51 9 matt]s ( high import1 no?+ 0 left to be impli$4 ,! colonies 7 !n pant+ f a tw5ty ye>s' conflict ) ! "m c\ntry1 ab\t bills ( rights1 *>t]s1 treaties1 con/itutions1 grants1 limitations1 & acts ( cession4 ,! sev]ities ( a long & t]rible discipl9e _h taught !m to gu>d at all po9ts legislative grants1 t _! exact import & limit might be self-evid5t--leav+ no scope = a bl9d fai?1 t someh[ 9 ! lott]y ( *ances !re w\ld be no blanks1 b mak+ all sure by ! use ( explicit t]ms1 & wisely *os5 words1 & j en\gh ( !m4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) its am5dm5ts1 ^? ( ! individual /ates1 ! national treaties1 ! public docum5ts ( ! g5]al & /ate gov]nm5ts at t p]iod1 %[ ! univ]sal conviction ( legislative bodies1 t :5 great public int]e/s 7 at /ake1 no?+ %\ld be left to be impli$4 ,fur!r3 suppose ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia _h express$ _! impli$ fai? 9 words1 & embodi$ x 9 _! acts ( cession z a proviso1 decl>+ t ,congress %\ld n ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] ! ,di/rict1 b t ! case ( slav]y %\ld be an exception3 :o does n "k t ,congress1 if x _h accept$ ! cession on ^? t]ms1 w\ld h violat$ ! ,con/itution2 & :o t has ev] /udi$ ! free mood ( ^? times 9 its be>+s on slav]y--pro(s ( :i* are giv5 9 scores on ! prec$+ pages--c = an in/ant believe t ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld h alt]$ _! ,con/itution = ! purpose ( provid+ = slav]y an inviolable sanctu>y2 t :5 driv5 9 f its outpo/s1 & ev]y:]e retreat+ discomfit$ be=e ! m>* ( fre$om1 x might be receiv$ into ev]la/+ habitations on ! common home/ead & he>?-/one ( ?is free republic8 ,besides1 :o c believe t ,virg9ia made su* a condition1 or *]i%$ su* a purpose1 :5 at t v mom5t1 ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son1 ,wy!1 ,patrick ,h5ry ,/4 ,george ,tuck]1 & almo/ all h] illu/ri\s m51 7 advocat+ ! abolition ( slav]y by law4 ,:5 ,wa%+ton _h said1 two ye>s be=e1 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia mu/ h laws = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y & at a p]iod n remote2 & :5 ,jeff]son 9 8 lett] to ,price1 ?ree ye>s be=e ! cession1 _h said1 speak+ ( ,virg9ia1 ,?is is ! next /ate to :i* we may turn our eyes = ! int]e/+ spectacle ( ju/ice 9 conflict ) av>ice & oppression--a conflict 9 :i* ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,side ,,is ,,ga9+ ,,daily ,,recruits2 :5 volunt>y emancipations on ! soil 7 !n progress+ at ! rate ( betwe5 "o & two ?\s& annually1 7,see ,judge ,tuck]'s ,diss]tation on ,slav]y1 p4 #gc27 :5 ! public s5tim5t ( ,virg9ia _h und]gone1 & 0 und]go+ s mighty a revolution t ! idea ( ! cont9uance ( slav]y z a p]man5t sy/em c\ld n be tol]at$1 ?\gh %e !n conta9$ ab\t half ! slaves 9 ! ,union4 ,0 ?is ! "t to /ipulate = ! p]petuity ( slav]y "u ! exclusive legislation ( ,congress8 & t too at ! same session ( ,congress :5 e "o ( h] delegation vot$ = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,nor? ,we/ ,t]ritory2 a t]ritory :i* %e _h h]self c$$ to ,congress1 & along ) x _h surr5d]$ h] jurisdiction ov] _m ( h] citiz5s1 inhabitants ( t t]ritory1 :o held slaves !re--& ^: slaves 7 emancipat$ by t act ( ,congress1 9 :i* all h] delegation ) "o accord p>ticipat$8 ,n[ 9 view ( ! univ]sal belief !n preval5t1 t slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry 0 doom$ to %ort life1 & especially t 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia x w\ld be spe$ily aboli%$--are we to be told t ^! /ates design$ to b9d ,congress nev] to t]m9ate x8 ,are we to adopt ! mon/r\s conclusion t ?is 0 ! int5t ( ! ,anci5t ,dom9ion--?us to b9d ! ,unit$ ,/ates by an impli$ fai?1 & t :5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates accept$ ! cession1 %e did solemnly ?us plight h] tro?1 & t ,virg9ia did !n s und]/& x8 ,v]ily "o w\ld ?9k t honorable s5ators suppos$ !mselves deput$ to d our ?9k+ z well z our legislation1 or r1 t !y !mselves 7 absolv$ f su* drudg]y by virtue ( _! (fice6 ,ano!r absurdity ( ?is dogma ab\t impli$ fai? is1 t :]e !re 0 no p[] to exact an express pl$ge1 !re 0 none to dem& an impli$ "o1 & :]e !re 0 no p[] to give ! "o1 !re 0 none to give ! o!r4 ,we h %[n already t ,congress c\ld n h accept$ ! cession ) su* a condition4 ,to h sign$ away a "p ( its con/itutional grant ( p[] w\ld h be5 a brea* ( ! ,con/itution4 ,fur!r1 ! ,congress :i* accept$ ! cession 0 compet5t to pass a resolution pl$g+ itself n to use all ! p[] ov] ! ,di/rict committ$ to x by ! ,con/itution4 ,b "h its p[] end$4 ,its resolution w\ld only b9d itself4 ,c\ld x b9d ! next ,congress by its au?ority8 ,c\ld ! memb]s ( "o ,congress say to ! memb]s ( ano!r1 because we d n *oose to ex]cise all ! au?ority ve/$ 9 u by ! ,con/itution1 !re=e y %all n8 ,?is w\ld h be5 a prohibition to d :at ! ,con/itution gives p[] to d4 ,ea* successive ,congress w\ld /ill h gone to ! ,con/itution = its p[]1 bru%+ away 9 its c\rse ! cobwebs /ret*$ across its pa? by ! (fici\sness ( an imp]t95t pr$ecessor4 ,aga91 ! legislatures ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 _h no p[] to b9d ,congress1 ei!r by an express or an impli$ pl$ge1 nev] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,^? legislatures _h no p[] to b9d !mselves nev] to aboli% slav]y )9 _! own t]ritories--! c$$ p>ts includ$4 ,:]e !n w\ld !y get p[] to b9d ano!r n to d :at !y _h no p[] to b9d !mselves n to d8 ,if a legislature c\ld n 9 ?is respect control ! successive legislatures ( its own ,/ate1 c\ld x control ! successive ,congresses ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,b p]haps we %all be told1 t ! impli$ fai? 9 ! acts ( cession ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia 0 n t ,congress %\ld nev] aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 b t x %\ld n d x until !y _h done x )9 _! b\nds6 ,v]ily ?is fai? comes little %ort ( ! fai? ( miracles6 ,a good rule t works bo? ways4 ,fir/1 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia h good fai? t ,congress w n aboli% until !y d2 & !n j z good fai? t ,congress w aboli% :5 !y d6 ,excell5tly accommodat$6 ,did ^? ,/ates suppose t ,congress w\ld legislate ov] ! national doma91 ! common jurisdiction ( all1 = ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia alone8 ,& :o1 did !y suppose1 w\ld be judges 9 ! matt]8--!mselves m]ely8 or ! :ole ,union8 ,?is good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession is no long] ( d\btful int]pretation4 ,! pr9ciple at ! bottom ( x1 :5 fairly /at$1 is ?is3--,t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are b\nd 9 good fai? to d 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 )\t demurr+1 j :at & :51 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia d 9 _! own ,/ates4 ,9 %ort1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t is eas$ ( all ! burd5s ( legislation )9 its exclusive jurisdiction1 save t ( hir+ a scriv5] to copy (f ! acts ( ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia legislatures z fa/ z !y are pass$1 & engross !m1 "u ! title ( ,laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia6 ,a slight additional exp5se w\ld also be incurr$ 9 keep+ up an express betwe5 ! capitols ( ^? ,/ates & ,wa%+ton city1 br++ ,congress f "t to "t its in/ructions f head qu>t]s--in/ructions n to be disreg>d$ )\t a violation ( t1 good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession1 c4 ,?is sets 9 /rong light ! advantages ( our glori\s ,union1 if ! doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,clay & ! ?irty-six ,s5ators be or?odox4 ,! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h be5 p]mitt$ to set up at _! own exp5se1 & on _! own t]ritory1 two great s\nd+ bo>ds call$ ,s5ate ,*amb] & ,repres5tatives' ,hall1 = ! purpose ( s5d+ abroad by au?ority national e*oes ( /ate legislation6--p]mitt$ also to keep 9 _! pay a corps ( pliant national musicians1 ) p]emptory in/ructions to s\nd on any l9e ( ! /aff accord+ z ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& may give ! sov]eign key note6 ,?\gh ?is may h ! seem+ ( m]e raill]y1 yet an analysis ( ! resolution & ( ! discussions ^u x1 w conv9ce e fair m9d t x is b ! legitimate c>ry+ out ( ! pr9ciple p]vad+ bo?4 ,!y proce$ virtually ^u ! hypo!sis t ! w & pleasure ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& are p>am\nt to ^? ( ! ,union4 ,if ! ma9 design ( sett+ ap>t a f$]al di/rict _h be5 orig9ally ! accommodation ( ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 & ! s\?1 ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates z an ag5t to consummate ! object1 !re c\ld h>dly h be5 high] assumption or l\d] vaunt+4 ,! sole object ( hav+ su* a ,di/rict 0 9 effect totally p]v]t$ 9 ! resolution ( ,mr4 ,clay1 & 9 ! discussions ( ! entire s\!rn delegation1 ^u its passage4 ,in/ead ( tak+ ! gr\nd1 t ! b5efit ( ! :ole ,union 0 ! sole object ( a f$]al di/rict1 t x 0 design$ to gu>d & promote ! int]e/s ( all ! /ates1 & t x 0 to be legislat$ ov] = ?is end--! resolution proce$s ^u an hypo!sis totally ! rev]se4 ,x takes a s+le po9t ( /ate policy1 & exalts x above ,,national int]e/s1 utt]ly ov]%ad[+ !m2 abrogat+ national rights2 mak+ void a clause ( ! ,con/itution2 humbl+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t into a subject--cr\*+ = favors to a sup]ior1 & t too on its own exclusive jurisdiction4 ,all ! attributes ( sov]eignty ve/$ 9 ,congress by ! ,con/itution x impales ^u ! po9t ( an alleg$ implication4 ,& ?is is ,mr4 ,clay's peace-(f]+1 to appease ! lu/ ( p[] & ! rav5+s ( /ate encroa*m5t6 ,a compromise1 =soo?6 t s9ks ! g5]al gov]nm5t on its own t]ritory into a m]e colony1 ) ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& = its "m c\ntry6 ,x is refre%+ to turn f ^! %all[1 di/ort$ con/ructions & s]vile cr++s1 to ! high be>+ ( o!r s\!rn m5 9 o!r times2 m51 :o 9 _! "* ( legislators & lawy]s1 disda9$ to accommodate _! int]pretations ( con/itutions & *>t]s to geographical l9es1 or to b5d !m to ! purposes ( a political canvass4 ,9 ! celebrat$ case ( ,coh5s vs4 ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia1 ,hon4 ,william ,p9kney1 late ( ,baltimore1 & ,hon4 ,walt] ,jones1 ( ,wa%+ton city1 ) o!r em95t con/itutional lawy]s1 prep>$ an elaborate writt5 op9ion1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,nor is !re any dang] to be appreh5d$ f all[+ to ,congressional legislation ) reg>d to ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 its ,,fulle/ ,,effect4 ,congress is responsible to ! ,/ates1 & to ! p = t legislation4 ,x is 9 tru? ! legislation ( ! /ates ov] a di/rict plac$ "u _! control = _! own b5efit1 n = t ( ! ,di/rict1 except z ! prosp]ity ( ! ,di/rict is involv$1 & necess>y to ! g5]al advantage4--,life ( ,p9kney1 p4 #fab4 ,! pr(\nd legal op9ion1 f :i* ?is is an extract1 0 elaborat$ at great l5g? _m ye>s s9ce1 by a numb] ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ lawy]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^: signatures are app5d$ to x4 ,x is specific & to ! po9t4 ,x ass]ts1 #a/1 t ,congressional legislation ov] ! ,di/rict1 is ! legislation ( ! ,/ates & ! p1 7n ( two /ates1 & a m]e fraction ( ! p47 #b;d1 ,ov] a ,di/rict plac$ "u _! control1 i4e4 "u ! control ( ! :ole ( ! ,/ates1 n "u ! control ( two tw5ty-six?s ( !m4 #c;d1 ,t x 0 ?us put "u _! control = ,,_! ,,own b5efit1 ! b5efit ( all ! ,/ates equally2 n to secure special b5efits to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 7or :at x might be conjectur$ !y w\ld reg>d z b5efits47 #d?1 ,x concludes by ass]t+ t ! design ( ?is exclusive control ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict 0 n = ! b5efit ( ! ,di/rict1 except z t is connect$ )1 & a means ( promot+ ! g5]al advantage4 ,if ?is is ! case ) ! ,di/rict1 :i* is directly conc]n$1 x is pre-em95tly s ) ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 :o are b indirectly int]e/$1 & w\ld be b remotely affect$ by x4 ,! argum5t ( ,mr4 ,madison 9 ! ,congress ( '#hi1 an extract f :i* has be5 giv5 on a prec$+ page1 lays d[n ! same pr9ciple2 t ?\gh any matt] may be a local affair1 yet if x involves national ,,exp5se ,,or ,,safety1 x becomes ( conc]n to e "p ( ! union1 & is a prop] subject = ! consid]ation ( ^? *>g$ ) ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,cong4 ,reg4 vol4 #a4 p4 #caj1 #aa4 ,b ^! are only ! initiatory absurdities ( ?is good fai? impli$4 ,! ?irty-six s5ators aptly illu/rate ! pr9ciple1 t error n only conflicts ) tru?1 b is g5]ally at issue ) itself4 ,= if x w\ld be a violation ( good fai? to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 = ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 x w\ld be equally a violation = ,congress to d x ) ! cons5t1 or ev5 at ! e>ne/ & unanim\s petition ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict3 yet = ye>s x has be5 ! s\!rn doctr9e1 t if ! p ( ! ,di/rict dem& ( ,congress relief 9 ?is respect1 x has p[]1 z _! local legislature1 to grant x1 & by aboli%+ slav]y !re1 c>ry out ! w ( ! citiz5s4 ,b n[ new light has brok5 96 ,! optics ( ! ?irty-six h pi]c$ ! mill/one ) a deep] insight1 & discov]ies ?ick5 fa/] ?an !y c be telegraph$6 ,congress has no p[]1 ,o no1 n a modicum1 to help ! slavehold]s ( ! ,di/rict1 h[ev] l\dly !y may clamor = x4 ,! s\!rn doctr9e1 t ,congress is to ! ,di/rict a m]e local ,legislature to d its pleasure1 is tumbl$ f ! g5itive into ! vocative6 ,h>d fate--& t too at ! h&s ( ^? :o begat x6 ,! reason+s ( ,messrs4 ,p9ckney1 ,wise1 & ,leigh1 are n[ f\nd to be :olly at fault1 & ! *anticle] rhetoric ( ,messrs4 ,glascock & ,g>l& /alks fea!rless & cre/-fall54 ,=1 ,mr4 ,clay's resolution sweeps by ! bo>d all ^? /]eotyp$ common-places1 z ,congress a local ,legislature1 cons5t ( ! ,di/rict1 b\nd to consult ! wi%es ( ! ,di/rict1 c4 c41 :i* = ! la/ two sessions ( ,congress h s]v$ to eke out scanty supplies4 ,x decl>es1 t z slav]y exi/$ 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia at ! "t ( ! cession1 & z x /ill cont9ues 9 bo? ^? /ates1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict )\t a violation ( 't good fai?'1 c4 ,b let u see :]e ?is pr9ciple ( ! ?irty-six w lead u4 ,if impli$ fai? to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia re/ra9s ,congress f ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 x requires ,congress to d 9 ! ,di/rict :at ^? /ates h done )9 _! b\nds1 i4e41 re/ra9 o!rs f aboli%+ x4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple ,congress is b\nd1 by ! doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,clay's resolution1 to prohibit emancipation )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,!re is no /opp+ place = ?is plight$ fai?4 ,congress mu/ n only refra9 f lay+ viol5t h&s on slav]y1 itself1 & see to x t ! slavehold]s !mselves d n1 b x is b\nd to keep ! sy/em up to ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia /&>d ( vigor6 ,aga91 if ! good fai? ( ,congress to ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& requires t slav]y %\ld exi/ 9 ! ,di/rict1 :ile x exi/s 9 ^? /ates1 x requires t x %\ld exi/ !re z x exi/s 9 ^? /ates4 ,if to aboli% e =m ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict w\ld violate good fai?1 to aboli% ! =m exi/+ 9 ^? /ates1 & to sub/itute a totally diff]5t "o1 w\ld also violate x4 ,! ,congressional good fai? is to be kept n only ) slav]y1 b ) ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia sy/ems ( slav]y4 ,! fai? ( ^? /ates n be+ 9 ! pres]vation ( a sy/em1 b ( _! sy/em2 o!rwise ,congress1 in/ead ( su/a9+1 w\ld c\nt]act _! policy--pr9ciples w\ld be br\ght into action !re conflict+ ) _! sy/em1 & ?us ! true _s ( ! impli$ pl$ge w\ld be violat$4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 s long z slaves are *attels p]sonal 9 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 ,congress c\ld n make !m real e/ate1 insep>able f ! soil1 z 9 ,l\isiana2 nor c\ld x p]mit slaves to read1 nor to wor%ip ,god accord+ to consci5ce2 nor c\ld x grant !m trial by jury1 nor legalize m>riage2 nor require ! ma/] to give suffici5t food & clo?+2 nor prohibit ! viol5t sund]+ ( families--because su* provisions w\ld conflict ) ! exi/+ slave laws ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 & ?us violate ! good fai? impli$1 c4 ,s ! pr9ciple ( ! resolution b9ds ,congress 9 all ^! p>ticul>s3 #a/4 ,n to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict until ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& aboli%4 #b;d4 ,n to aboli% any "p ( x t exi/s 9 ^? /ates4 #c;d4 ,n to aboli% any =m or app5dage ( x /ill exi/+ 9 ^? /ates4 #d?4 ,to aboli% :5 !y d4 #e?4 ,to increase or abate its rigor :51 h[1 & z ! same are modifi$ by ^? /ates4 ,9 a ^w1 ,congressional action 9 ! ,di/rict is to float passively 9 ! wake ( legislative action on ! subject 9 ^? /ates4 ,b "h comes a dilemma4 ,suppose ! legislation ( ^? /ates %\ld /e] diff]5t c\rses--!n !re w\ld be two wakes6 ,c ,congress float 9 bo?8 ,yea1 v]ily6 ,no?+ is too h>d = x6 ,its obsequi\sness equals its p[] ( legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,x c float up on ! ,virg9ia tide1 & ebb d[n on ! ,m>yl& at ! same "t4 ,:at ,m>yl& does1 ,congress w d 9 ! ,m>yl& "p4 ,:at ,virg9ia does1 ,congress w d 9 ! ,virg9ia "p4 ,?\gh ,congress might n always be able to run at ! bidd+ ( bo? at once1 especially 9 diff]5t directions1 yet if x obey$ ord]s *e]fully1 & kept 9 its place1 accord+ to its good fai? impli$1 impossibilities might n be rigidly exact$4 ,true1 we h ! highe/ sanction = ! maxim t no man c s]ve two ma/]s--b if corporations h no s\ls1 analogy w\ld absolve ,congress on t score1 or at mo/ give x only a v small s\l--n l>ge en\gh to be at all 9 ! way1 z an exception to ! univ]sal rule laid d[n to ! maxim6 ,9 foll[+ out ! absurdities ( ?is impli$ good fai?1 x w be se5 at once t ! doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,clay's ,resolution ext5ds to all ! subjects ( legislation exi/+ 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 :i* exi/ also )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,e sy/em1 in/itution1 law1 & e/abli%$ usage !re1 is plac$ beyond ,congressional control equally ) slav]y1 & by ! same impli$ fai?4 ,! abolition ( ! lott]y sy/em 9 ! ,di/rict z an immorality1 0 a flagrant brea* ( ?is good fai? to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 z ! sy/em /ill cont9u$ 9 ^? /ates4 ,s to aboli% imprisonm5t = debt1 & capital puni%m5t1 to remodel ! bank sy/em1 ! p[] ( corporations1 ! militia law1 laws ( limitation1 c41 9 ! ,di/rict1 unless ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& took ! lead1 w\ld violate ! good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession1 c4 ,t 9 ! acts ( cession no su* good fai? 0 impli$ by ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& z is claim$ 9 ! ,resolution1 we argue f ! fact1 t 9 #agha ,virg9ia c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates all h] nor?we/ t]ritory1 ) ! special proviso t h] citiz5s inhabit+ t t]ritory %\ld h _! possessions & titles confirm$ to !m1 & be protect$ 9 ! enjoym5t ( _! rights & lib]ties4 7,see ,j\rnals ( ,congress vol4 #i1 p4 #fc47 ,! cession 0 made 9 ! =m ( a de$1 & sign$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ,samuel ,h>dy1 ,ar?ur ,lee1 & ,james ,monroe4 ,_m ( ^! inhabitants held slaves4 ,?ree ye>s aft] ! cession1 ! ,virg9ia delegation 9 ,congress propos$ ! passage ( an ord9ance :i* %\ld aboli% slav]y1 9 t t]ritory1 & decl>e t x %\ld nev] !reaft] exi/ !re4 ,all ! memb]s ( ,congress f ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& vot$ = ?is ord9ance4 ,suppose "s memb] ( ,congress _h dur+ ! passage ( ! ord9ance introduc$ ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 ,t :5 ! nor?we/ t]ritory 0 c$$ by ,virg9ia to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dome/ic slav]y exi/$ 9 t ,/ate1 includ+ ! c$$ t]ritory1 & z x /ill cont9ues 9 t ,/ate1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ )9 ! t]ritory )\t a violation ( t good fai?1 :i* 0 impli$ 9 ! cession & 9 ! acceptance ( ! t]ritory4 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! indignant response ( ,grayson1 ,griff91 ,madison1 & ! ,lees1 9 ! ,congress ( '#hg1 to su* a resolution1 & ( ,c>r+ton1 ,*airman ( ! ,committee1 :o report$ ! ratification ( ! ord9ance 9 ! ,congress ( '#hi1 & ( ,page & ,p>k]1 :o ) e o!r memb] ( ! ,virg9ia delegation support$ x8 ,b to enum]ate all ! absurdities into :i* ! ?irty-six ,s5ators h plung$ !mselves1 w\ld be to make a qu>to inv5tory4 ,we decl9e ! task2 & 9 conclusion1 m]ely add t ,mr4 ,clay 9 pres5t+ ?is resolution1 & ea* ( ! ?irty-six ,s5ators :o vot$ = x1 ent]$ on ! records ( ! ,s5ate1 & proclaim$ to ! _w1 a mo/ unwor?y accusation aga9/ ! ,,millions ( ,am]ican citiz5s :o h dur+ ne>ly half a c5tury petition$ ! national legislature to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,colombia1--*>g+ !m ei!r ) ! ignorance or ! impiety ( pray+ ! nation to violate its ,,plight$ ,,fai?4 ,! resolution virtually indicts at ! b> ( public op9ion1 & br&s ) odium1 all ! ,manumission ,societies1 ! fir/ petition]s = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 & = a long "t ! only ones1 petition+ f ye> to ye> ?r\gh evil report & good report1 /ill petition+1 by individual societies & 9 _! national conv5tions4 ,b z if x 7 n en\gh to table ! *>ge aga9/ su* m5 z ,b5jam9 ,ru%1 ,william ,rawle1 ,john ,s]geant1 ,rob]t ,vaux1 ,cadwallad] ,cold51 & ,pet] ,a4 ,jay1--to :om we may add ,rufus ,k+1 ,james ,hillh\se1 ,william ,p9kney1 ,?omas ,addis ,emmett1 ,daniel ,d4 ,tompk9s1 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton1 ,james ,k5t1 & ,daniel ,web/]1 besides elev5 hundr$ citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict itself2 head$ by _! ,*ief ,ju/ice & judges--ev5 ! sov]eign ,/ates ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,new-,york1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,v]mont1 ^: legislatures h ei!r memorializ$ ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 or in/ruct$ _! ,s5ators to move su* a measure1 mu/ be gravely in=m$ by ,messrs4 ,clay1 ,norvell1 ,niles1 ,smi?1 ,pi]ce1 ,b5ton1 ,black1 ,tipton1 & o!r honorable ,s5ators1 ei!r t _! p]ception is s dull1 !y "k n :]e( !y affirm1 or t _! moral s5se is s blunt$ !y c dem& )\t compunction a violation ( ! nation's fai?6 ,we h spok5 already ( ! concessions unwitt+ly made 9 ?is resolution to ! true doctr9e ( ,congressional p[] ov] ! ,di/rict4 ,= t concession1 important z x is1 we h small ?anks to r5d]4 ,t su* a resolution1 pass$ ) su* an int5t1 & press+ at a ?\s& po9ts on relations & int]e/s vital to ! free /ates1 %\ld be hail$1 z x has be51 by a portion ( ! nor!rn press z a compromise orig9at+ 9 def]5ce to nor!rn int]e/s1 & to be receiv$ by u z a free-w (f]+ ( dis9t]e/$ b5evol5ce1 dem&+ our gratitude to ! mov]1--may well cov] u ) %ame4 ,we des]ve ! humiliation & h well e>n$ ! mock]y4 ,let x come6 ,if1 aft] hav+ be5 set up at auction 9 ! public sales-room ( ! nation1 & = ?irty ye>s1 & by ea* ( a score ( compromises1 trea*]\sly knock$ (f to ! l[e/ bidd]1 & t )\t money & )\t price1 ! ,nor?1 plund]$ & betray$1 w n1 9 ?is h] accept$ "t1 consid] ! ?+s t belong to h] peace be=e !y are hidd5 f h] eyes1 !n let h] eat ( ! fruit ( h] own way1 & be fill$ ) h] own devices6 ,let ! %orn & bl9d$ giant gr9d 9 ! prison-h\se ( ! ,phili/9es1 till taught ! folly ( intru/+ to ,delilahs ! secret & ! cu/ody ( 8 /r5g?4 ,h ! free ,/ates b\nd !mselves by an oa? nev] to pr(it by ! lessons ( exp]i5ce8 ,if lo/ to reason1 are !y dead to in/9ct also8 ,c no?+ r\se !m to ca/ ab\t = self pres]vation8 ,& %all a life ( tame surr5d]s be t]m9at$ by suicidal sacrifice8 ,a ,,compromise6 ,bitt] irony6 ,is ! pluck$ & hood-w9k$ ,nor? to be :e$l$ by ! sorc]y ( ano!r ,miss\ri compromise8 ,a compromise 9 :i* ! ,s\? ga9$ all1 & ! ,nor? lo/ all1 & lo/ x = ev]4 ,a compromise :i* emb>go$ ! free labor] ( ! ,nor? & ,we/1 & clut*$ at ! /aff he lean$ ^u1 to turn x into a bludgeon & fell him ) its /roke4 ,a compromise :i* wre/$ f lib]ty h] b\ndless bir?right doma91 /ret*+ we/w>d to ! sunset1 :ile x gave to slav]y loose re9s & a free c\rse1 f ! ,mississippi to ! ,pacific4 ,! resolution1 z x f9ally pass$1 is "h ins]t$4 ,! orig9al ,resolution1 z mov$ by ,mr4 ,clay1 0 ins]t$ at ! head ( ?is po/script ) ! impression t x 0 ! am5d$ =m4 ,x w be se5 h[ev]1 t x und]w5t no mat]ial modification4 ,resolv$1 ,t ! int]f]5ce by ! citiz5s ( any ( ! /ates1 ) ! view to ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 is endang]+ ! rights & security ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict2 & t any act or measure ( ,congress design$ to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 w\ld be a violation ( ! fai? impli$ 9 ! cessions by ! /ates ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 a j cause ( al>m to ! p ( ! slavehold+ /ates1 & h a direct & inevitable t5d5cy to di/urb & endang] ! ,union4 ,! vote ^u ! ,resolution /ood z foll[s3 ,yeas4--,messrs4 ,all51 ,bay>d1 ,b5ton1 ,black1 ,bu*anan1 ,br[n1 ,calh\n1 ,clay1 ( ,alabama1 ,clay1 ( ,k5tucky1 ,clayton1 ,critt5d51 ,cu?b]t1 ,fulton1 ,grundy1 ,hubb>d1 ,k+1 ,lumpk91 ,lyon1 ,ni*olas1 ,niles1 ,norvell1 ,pi]ce1 ,pre/on1 ,rives1 ,roane1 ,rob9son1 ,sevi]1 ,smi?1 ( ,connecticut1 ,/range1 ,tallmadge1 ,tipton1 ,walk]1 ,:ite1 ,williams1 ,wright1 ,"y4 ,nays4--,messrs4 ,,davis1 ,,knight1 ,mc,k,e,a,n1 ,,morris1 ,,pr5tiss1 ,,ruggles1 ,,smi?1 ( ,indiana1 ,,swift1 ,,web/]4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9] ,no4 #e 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,congress ,,ov] ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,orig9ally ,,publi%$ ,,9 ,,! ,,new-,,york ,,ev5+ ,,po/1 ,,"u ,,! ,,signature ,,( ,,wy!4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,) ,,additions ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new-,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau-,,/reet4 #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is p]iodical conta9s #c-a_/b %eets--,po/age "u #ajj miles1 #f cts41 ov] #ajj1 #aj cts4 ,,p[] ,,( ,,congress ,,ov] ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia4 ,a civiliz$ community presupposes a gov]nm5t ( law4 ,if t gov]nm5t be a republic1 its citiz5s are ! sole s\rces1 z well z ! subjects ( its p[]4 ,its con/itution is _! bill ( directions to _! own ag5ts--a grant au?oriz+ ! ex]cise ( c]ta9 p[]s1 & prohibit+ t ( o!rs4 ,9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :atev] else may be obscure1 ! clause grant+ p[] to ,congress ov] ! ,f$]al ,di/rict may well defy miscon/ruction4 ,art4 #a1 ,sec4 #h1 ,clause #ah3 ,! ,congress %all h p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation1 9 all cases :atsoev]1 ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,congress may make laws = ! ,di/rict 9 all cases1 n ( all k9ds2 n all laws :atsoev]1 b laws 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,! grant respects ! subjects ( legislation1 n ! moral nature ( ! laws4 ,! law-mak+ p[] e :]e is subject to moral re/rictions1 :e!r limit$ by con/itutions or n4 ,no legislature c au?orize murd]1 nor make hone/y p5al1 nor virtue a crime1 nor exact impossibilities4 ,9 ^! & simil> respects1 ! p[] ( ,congress is held 9 *eck by pr9ciples1 exi/+ 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 n impos$ by ! ,con/itution1 b presuppos$ & assum$ by x4 ,! p[] ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict is re/rict$ only by ^? pr9ciples t limit ord9>y legislation1 &1 9 "s respects1 x has ev5 wid] scope4 ,9 common ) ! legislatures ( ! ,/ates1 ,congress _c con/itutionally pass ex po/ facto laws 9 crim9al cases1 nor susp5d ! writ ( habeas corpus1 nor pass a bill ( atta9d]1 nor abridge ! fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press1 nor invade ! "r ( ! p to be secure 9 _! p]sons1 h\ses1 pap]s1 & effects1 nor enact laws respect+ an e/abli%m5t ( religion4 ,^! are g5]al limitations4 ,congress _c d ^! ?+s any :]e4 ,! exact import1 !re=e1 ( ! clause 9 all cases :atsoev]1 is1 on all subjects )9 ! appropriate sph]e ( legislation4 ,"s legislatures are re/ra9$ by con/itutions1 f ! ex]cise ( p[]s /rictly )9 ! prop] sph]e ( legislation4 ,congressional p[] ov] ! ,di/rict has no su* re/ra9t4 ,x trav]ses ! :ole field ( legitimate legislation4 ,all ! p[] :i* any legislature has )9 its own jurisdiction1 ,congress holds ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,x has be5 object$ t ! clause 9 "q respects m]ely police regulations1 & t its sole design 0 to enable ,congress to protect itself aga9/ popul> tumults4 ,b if ! conv5tion t fram$ ! ,con/itution aim$ to provide = a s+le case only1 :y did !y provide = all cases :atsoev]8 ,besides1 ?is clause 0 oppos$ 9 _m ( ! /ate conv5tions1 because ! grant ( p[] 0 n re/rict$ to police regulations alone4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia ,conv5tion1 ,george ,mason1 ! fa!r ( ! ,virg9ia ,con/itution1 ,patrick ,h5ry1 ,mr4 ,grayson1 & o!rs1 assail$ x on t gr\nd4 ,mr4 ,mason said1 ,?is clause gives an unlimit$ au?ority 9 e possible case )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,he w\ld will+ly give !m exclusive p[] z f> z respect$ ! police & good gov]nm5t ( ! place1 b he w\ld give !m no m4 ,mr4 ,grayson said1 t control ov] ! police 0 all-suffici5t1 & t ! ,cont95tal ,congress nev] _h an idea ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases4 ,patrick ,h5ry said1 ,is x consi/5t ) any pr9ciple ( prud5ce or good policy1 to grant unlimit$1 unb\nd$ au?ority8 ,mr4 ,madison said 9 reply3 ,i did conceive t ! clause "u consid]ation 0 "o ( ^? p>ts :i* w\ld speak its own praise4 ,:5 any p[] is giv51 its delegation necess>ily involves au?ority to make laws to execute x4444 ,! p[]s :i* are f\nd necess>y to be giv51 are !re=e delegat$ g5]ally1 & p>ticul> & m9ute specification is left to ! ,legislature4444 ,x is n )9 ! limits ( human capacity to del9eate on pap] all ^? p>ticul> cases & circum/ances1 9 :i* legislation by ! g5]al legislature1 w\ld be necess>y4 ,gov]nor ,r&olph said3 ,holl& has no t5 miles squ>e1 b %e has ! ,hague :]e ! deputies ( ! ,/ates assemble4 ,b ! influ5ce :i* x has giv5 ! prov9ce ( ,holl&1 to h ! seat ( gov]nm5t )9 its t]ritory1 subject 9 "s respects to its control1 has be5 injuri\s to ! o!r prov9ces4 ,! wisdom ( ! conv5tion is !re=e manife/ 9 grant+ to ,congress exclusive jurisdiction ov] ! place ( _! session4 ,deb4 ,va4 ,con41 p4 #cbj4 ,9 ! =ty-?ird numb] ( ! ,f$]ali/1 ,mr4 ,madison says3 ,! indisp5sable necessity ( complete au?ority at ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 c>ries its own evid5ce ) x4 ,f9ally1 t ! grant 9 "q is to be int]pret$ accord+ to ! obvi\s import ( its t]ms1 is prov$ by ! fact1 t ,virg9ia propos$ an am5dm5t to ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution at ! "t ( its adoption1 provid+ t ?is clause %\ld be s con/ru$ z to give p[] only ov] ! police & good gov]nm5t ( said ,di/rict1 :i* am5dm5t 0 reject$4 ,! =m] "p ( ! clause "u consid]ation1 ,congress %all h p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation1 gives sole jurisdiction1 & ! latt] "p1 9 all cases :atsoev]1 def9es ! ext5t ( x4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ,congress is ! sole legislature )9 ! ,di/rict1 & s9ce its p[] is limit$ only by ! *ecks common to all legislatures1 x foll[s t :at ! law-mak+ p[] is intr9sically compet5t to d any :]e1 ,congress is compet5t to d 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,hav+ dispos$ ( prelim9>ies1 we proce$ to /ate & argue ! real "q at issue4 ,,is ,,! ,,law-,,mak+ ,,p[] ,,compet5t ,,to ,,aboli% ,,slav]y ,,:5 ,,n ,,re/rict$ ,,9 ,,t ,,p>ticul> ,,by ,,con/itutional ,,provisions--or1 ,,is ,,! ,,abolition ,,( ,,slav]y ,,)9 ,,! ,,appropriate ,,sph]e ,,( ,,legislation8 ,9 e gov]nm5t1 absolute sov]eignty exi/s some:]e4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates x exi/s prim>ily ) ! p1 & ultimate sov]eignty always exi/s ) !m4 ,9 ea* ( ! ,/ates1 ! legislature possesses a repres5tative sov]eignty1 delegat$ by ! p ?r\gh ! ,con/itution--! p ?us committ+ to ! legislature a portion ( _! sov]eignty1 & specify+ 9 _! con/itutions ! am\nt & ! conditions ( ! grant4 ,t ! p 9 any /ate :]e slav]y exi/s1 h ! p[] to aboli% x1 none w d5y4 ,if ! legislature h n ! p[]1 x is because ! p h res]v$ x to !mselves4 ,_h !y lodg$ ) ! legislature p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 !y w\ld h p>t$ ) _! sov]eignty ov] ! legislation ( ! ,/ate1 & s f> =? ! legislature w\ld h become ! p1 clo!d ) all _! functions1 & z su* compet5t1 dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! grant1 to d :atev] ! p might h done be=e ! surr5d] ( _! p[]3 consequ5tly1 !y w\ld h ! p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,! sov]eignty ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia exi/s some:]e--:]e is x lodg$8 ,! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict h no legislature ( _! own1 no repres5tation 9 ,congress1 & no political p[] :atev]4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia h surr5d]$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates _! full & absolute "r & entire sov]eignty1 & ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h committ$ to ,congress by ! ,con/itution1 ! p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,?us1 ! sov]eignty ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 is %[n to reside solely 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & s9ce ! p[] ( ! p ( a /ate to aboli% slav]y )9 _! own limits1 results f _! entire sov]eignty )9 t /ate1 s ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 results f its entire sov]eignty )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,if x be object$ t ,congress c h no m p[] ov] ! ,di/rict1 ?an 0 held by ! legislatures ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 we ask :at clause 9 ! con/itution graduates ! p[] ( ,congress by ! /&>d ( a /ate legislature8 ,0 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution work$ into its pres5t %ape "u ! measur+ l9e & squ>e ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&8 & is its p[] to be bevell$ d[n till x c run 9 ! grooves ( /ate legislation8 ,!re is a deal ( prat+ ab\t con/itutional p[] ov] ! ,di/rict1 z ?\gh ,congress 7 indebt$ = x to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,! p[]s ( ^? /ates1 :e!r few or _m1 prodigies or nullities1 h no?+ to d ) ! "q4 ,z well ?ru/ 9 ! p[]s ( ! ,gr& ,lama to jo9 issue ^u1 or twi/ papal bulls into con/itutional te!r1 ) :i* to curb congressional action4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates gives p[] to ,congress1 & takes x away1 & x alone4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia adopt$ ! ,con/itution be=e !y c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! t]ritory ( ! ,di/rict4 ,by _! acts ( cession1 !y abdicat$ _! own sov]eignty ov] ! ,di/rict1 & ?us made room = t provid$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution1 :i* sov]eignty 0 to comm5ce z soon z a cession ( t]ritory by /ates1 & its acceptance by ,congress1 furni%$ a sph]e = its ex]cise4 ,t ! abolition ( slav]y is )9 ! sph]e ( legislation1 ,i argue1 #b4 ,,f ,,! ,,fact1 ,,t ,,slav]y1 ,,z ,a ,,legal ,,sy/em1 ,,is ,,! ,,creature ,,( ,,legislation4 ,! law1 by creat+ slav]y1 n only affirm$ its exi/5ce to be )9 ! sph]e & "u ! control ( legislation1 b equally1 ! conditions & t]ms ( its exi/5ce1 & ! "q :e!r or n x %\ld exi/4 ,( c\rse legislation w\ld n travel out ( its sph]e1 9 aboli%+ :at is )9 x1 & :at 0 recognis$ to be )9 x1 by its own act4 ,_c legislatures repeal _! own laws8 ,if law c take f a man 8 rights1 x c give !m back aga94 ,if x c say1 y\r body belongs to y\r neighbor1 x c say1 x belongs to y\rself4 ,if x c annul a man's "r to himself1 held by express grant f 8 ,mak]1 & c create = ano!r an artificial title to him1 c x n annul ! artificial title1 & leave ! orig9al own] to hold himself by 8 orig9al title8 #c4 ,,! ,,abolition ,,( ,,slav]y ,,has ,,always ,,be5 ,,consid]$ ,,)9 ,,! ,,appropriate ,,sph]e ,,( ,,legislation4 ,almo/ e civiliz$ nation has aboli%$ slav]y by law4 ,! hi/ory ( legislation s9ce ! revival ( lett]s1 is a record cr[d$ ) te/imony to ! univ]sally admitt$ compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,x is s manife/ly an attribute n m]ely ( absolute sov]eignty1 b ev5 ( ord9>y legislation1 t ! compet5cy ( a legislature to ex]cise x1 may well nigh be reckon$ among ! legal axioms ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,ev5 ! night ( ! d>k ages 0 n d>k en\gh to make ?is invisible4 ,! ,abolition decree ( ! great c\ncil ( ,engl& 0 pass$ 9 #aajb4 ,! memorable ,iri% decree1 t all ! ,engli% slaves 9 ! :ole ( ,irel&1 be imm$iately emancipat$ & re/or$ to _! =m] lib]ty1 0 issu$ 9 #aaga4 ,slav]y 9 ,engl& 0 aboli%$ by a g5]al *>t] ( emancipation 9 #acha4 ,pass+ ov] _m in/ances ( ! abolition ( slav]y by law1 bo? dur+ ! middle ages & s9ce ! re=mation1 we f9d !m multiply+ z we approa* our own times4 ,9 #aggf slav]y 0 aboli%$ 9 ,prussia by special edict4 ,9 ,/4 ,dom+o1 ,cay5ne1 ,guadel\pe1 & ,m>t9ique1 9 #agid1 :]e m ?an #fij1jjj slaves 7 emancipat$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 ,9 ,java1 #ahaa2 9 ,ceylon1 #ahae2 9 ,bu5os ,ayres1 #ahaf2 9 ,/4 ,hel5a1 #ahai2 9 ,colombia1 #ahba2 by ! ,congress ( ,*ili 9 #ahba2 9 ,cape ,colony1 #ahbc2 9 ,malacca1 #ahbe2 9 ! s\!rn prov9ces ( ,birmah1 #ahbf2 9 ,bolivia1 #ahbf2 9 ,p]u1 ,guatemala1 & ,monte ,video1 #ahbh1 9 ,jamaica1 ,b>badoes1 ,b]mudas1 ,bahamas1 ! ,mauritius1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]s1 ,nevis1 ! ,virg9 ,isl&s1 ,antigua1 ,monts]rat1 ,dom9ica1 ,/4 ,v9c5ts1 ,gr5ada1 ,b]bice1 ,tobago1 ,/4 ,lucia1 ,tr9idad1 ,honduras1 ,dem>>a1 & ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd4 ,b wav+ details1 suffice x to say1 t ,engl&1 ,france1 ,spa91 ,portugal1 ,sw$51 ,d5m>k1 ,au/ria1 ,prussia1 & ,g]many1 h all & (t5 giv5 _! te/imony to ! compet5cy ( ! legislative p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 ! ,legislature ( ,p5nsylvania pass$ an act ( abolition 9 #aghj1 ,connecticut1 9 #aghd2 ,rhode ,isl&1 #aghd2 ,new-,york1 #agii2 ,new-,j]sey1 9 #ahjd2 ,v]mont1 by ,con/itution1 9 #aggg2 ,massa*usetts1 9 #aghj2 & ,new ,hamp%ire1 9 #aghd4 ,:5 ! compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[] to aboli% slav]y1 has ?us be5 recognis$ e :]e & = ages1 :5 x has be5 embodi$ 9 ! highe/ prec$5ts1 & celebrat$ 9 ! ?\s& jubilees ( reg5]at$ lib]ty1 is x an a*ievem5t ( mod]n discov]y1 t su* a p[] is a nullity8--t all ^! acts ( abolition are void1 & t ! millions dis5?rall$ by !m1 are1 ei!r !mselves or _! po/]ity1 /ill legally 9 bondage8 #d4 ,,legislative ,,p[] ,,has ,,aboli%$ ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,its ,,p>ts4 ,! law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a prohibits ! work+ ( slaves m ?an fifte5 h\rs 9 ! tw5ty-f\r4 ,9 o!r words1 x takes f ! slavehold] 8 p[] ov] n9e h\rs ( ! slave's "t daily2 & if x c take n9e h\rs x may take tw5ty-f\r4 ,! laws ( ,georgia prohibit ! work+ ( slaves on ! fir/ day ( ! week2 & if !y c d x = ! fir/1 !y c = ! six foll[+4 ,! law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a prohibits ! immod]ate correction ( slaves4 ,if x has p[] to prohibit immod]ate correction1 x c prohibit mod]ate correction--all correction1 :i* w\ld be virtual emancipation2 =1 take f ! ma/] ! p[] to inflict pa91 & he is ma/] no long]4 ,cease to ply ! slave ) ! /imulus ( fe>2 & he is free4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,mississippi gives ! ,g5]al ,assembly p[] to make laws to oblige ! own]s ( slaves to treat !m ) humanity4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,miss\ri has ! same clause1 & an additional "o mak+ x ! ,,duty ( ! legislature to pass su* laws z may be necess>y to secure ! humane treatm5t ( ! slaves4 ,?is grant to ^? legislatures1 emp[]s !m to decide :at is & :at is n humane treatm5t4 ,o!rwise x gives no p[]--! clause is m]e wa/e pap]1 & fl\ts 9 ! face ( a befool$ legislature4 ,a clause giv+ p[] to require humane treatm5t cov]s all ! p>ticul>s ( su* treatm5t--gives p[] to exact x 9 all respects--requir+ c]ta9 acts1 & prohibit+ o!rs--maim+1 br&+1 *a9+ toge!r1 sep>at+ families1 flogg+s = le>n+ ! alphabet1 = read+ ! ,bible1 = wor%ip+ ,god accord+ to consci5ce--! legislature has p[] to specify ea* ( ^! acts--decl>e t x is n humane treatm5t1 & ,,prohibit x4--,! legislature may also believe t driv+ m5 & wom5 into ! field1 & =c+ !m to "w )\t pay1 is n humane treatm5t1 & be+ ,con/itutionally b\nd to oblige ma/]s to practise humane treatm5t--!y h ! p[] to prohibit su* treatm5t1 & are b\nd to d x4 ,! law ( ,l\isiana makes slaves real e/ate1 prohibit+ ! hold]1 if he be also a l& hold]1 to sep>ate !m f ! soil4,a ,if x has p[] to prohibit ! sale )\t ! soil1 x c prohibit ! sale ) x2 & if x c prohibit ! sale z prop]ty1 x c prohibit ! hold+ z prop]ty4 ,simil> laws exi/ 9 ! ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 & ,portuguese colonies4 ,footnote ,a3 ,virg9ia made slaves real e/ate by a law pass$ 9 #agje4 7,bev]ly's ,hi/4 ( ,va41 p4 #ih47 ,i d n f9d ! precise "t :5 ?is law 0 repeal$1 probably :5 ,virg9ia became ! *ief slave bre$] = ! cotton-gr[+ & sug>-plant+ c\ntry1 & made "y m5 & wom5 f fifte5 to tw5ty-five ! ma9 /aple production ( ! ,/ate4 ,! law ( ,l\isiana requires ! ma/] to give 8 slaves a c]ta9 am\nt ( food & clo?+4 ,if x c oblige ! ma/] to give ! slave "o ?+1 x c oblige him to give him ano!r3 if food & clo?+1 !n wages1 lib]ty1 8 own body4 ,by ! laws ( ,connecticut1 slaves may receive & hold prop]ty1 & prosecute suits 9 _! own "n z pla9tiffs3 ,?is la/ 0 also ! law ( ,virg9ia 9 #agie4 ,see ,tuck]'s ,diss]tation on ,slav]y1 p4 #gc4 ,!re 7 also laws mak+ m>riage contracts legal1 9 c]ta9 cont+5cies1 & puni%+ infr+em5ts ( !m1 ,reeve's ,law ( ,b>on & ,femme1 p4 #cdj-a4 ,ea* ( ! laws enum]at$ above1 does1 9 pr9ciple1 aboli% slav]y2 & all ( !m toge!r aboli% x 9 fact4 ,true1 n z a :ole1 & at a /roke1 nor all 9 "o place2 b 9 its p>ts1 by piecemeal1 at div]s times & places2 ?us %[+ t ! abolition ( slav]y is )9 ! b\nd>y ( legislation4 #e4 ,,! ,,compet5cy ,,( ,,! ,,law-,,mak+ ,,p[] ,,to ,,aboli% ,,slav]y1 ,,has ,,be5 ,,recogniz$ ,,by ,,all ,,! ,,slavehold+ ,,/ates1 ,,ei!r ,,directly ,,or ,,by ,,implication4 ,"s ,/ates recognize x 9 _! ,con/itutions1 by giv+ ! legislature p[] to emancipate su* slaves z may h r5d]$ ! /ate "s di/+ui%$ s]vice1 & o!rs by express prohibitory re/rictions4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,mississippi1 ,arkansas1 & o!r ,/ates1 re/rict ! p[] ( ! legislature 9 ?is respect4 ,:y ?is express prohibition1 if ! law-mak+ p[] _c aboli% slav]y8 ,a /ately f>ce1 inde$1 to con/ruct a special clause1 & ) appropriate rites induct x into ! ,con/itution1 = ! express purpose ( re/rict+ a non5tity6--to take f ! law-mak+ p[] :at x nev] _h1 & :at _c p]ta9 to x6 ,! legislatures ( ^? ,/ates h no p[] to aboli% slav]y1 simply because _! ,con/itutions h expressly tak5 away t p[]4 ,! p ( ,arkansas1 ,mississippi1 c41 well knew ! compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[] to aboli% slav]y1 & h5ce _! zeal to re/rict x4 ,! slavehold+ ,/ates h recognis$ ?is p[] 9 _! laws4 ,! ,virg9ia ,legislature pass$ a law 9 #aghf to prev5t ! fur!r importation ( ,slaves1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,& be x fur!r enact$ t e slave import$ into ?is commonweal? contr>y to ! true int5t & mean+ ( ?is act1 %all ^u su* importation become free4 ,by a law ( ,virg9ia1 pass$ ,dec4 #ag1 #agib1 a slave br\ght into ! /ate & kept !re a ye>1 0 free4 ,! ,m>yl& ,c\rt ( ,appeals at ! ,decemb] t]m #ahac case ( ,/ew>t vs4 ,oakes1 decid$ t a slave own$ 9 ,m>yl&1 & s5t by 8 ma/] into ,virg9ia to "w at diff]5t p]iods1 mak+ "o ye> 9 ! :ole1 became free1 be+ emancipat$ by ! law ( ,virg9ia quot$ above4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 9 _! acts ( cession1 transf]r+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! t]ritory n[ con/itut+ ! ,/ates ( ,t5nessee1 ,alabama & ,mississippi1 made x a condition ( ! grant1 t ! provisions ( ! ord9ance ( '#hg1 %\ld be secur$ to ! inhabitants ) ! exception ( ! six? article :i* prohibits slav]y2 ?us conc$+1 bo? ! compet5cy ( law to aboli% slav]y1 & ! p[] ( ,congress to d x1 )9 its jurisdiction4 7,^! acts %[ ! preval5t belief at t "t1 9 ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t _h adopt$ a l9e ( policy aim+ at ! exclusion ( slav]y f ! entire t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 n includ$ )9 ! orig9al ,/ates1 & t ?is policy w\ld be pursu$ unless prev5t$ by specific & =mal /ipulation47 ,slavehold+ /ates h ass]t$ ?is p[] 9 _! judicial decisions4 ,9 num]\s cases _! highe/ c\rts h decid$ t if ! legal own] ( slaves takes !m into ^? ,/ates :]e slav]y has be5 aboli%$ ei!r by law or by ! con/itution1 su* removal emancipates !m1 su* law or con/itution aboli%+ _! slav]y4 ,?is pr9ciple is ass]t$ 9 ! decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,l\isiana1 9 ! case ( ,luns=d vs4 ,coquillon1 #ad ,m>t9's ,la4 ,reps4 #dja4 ,also by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,virg9ia1 9 ! case ( ,hunt] vs4 ,ful*]1 #a ,leigh's ,reps4 #agb4 ,! same doctr9e 0 laid d[n by ,judge ,wa%+ton1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 9 ! case ( ,butl] vs4 ,hopp]1 ,wa%+ton's ,circuit ,c\rt ,reps4 #ejh4 ,?is pr9ciple 0 also decid$ by ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals 9 ,k5tucky2 case ( ,rank9 vs4 ,lydia1 #b ,m>%all's ,reps4 #djg2 see also1 ,wilson vs4 ,isbell1 #e ,call's ,reps4 #dbe1 ,spotts vs4 ,gillespie1 #f ,r&olph's ,reps4 #eff4 ,! ,/ate vs4 ,lasselle1 #a ,black=d's ,reps4 #fj1 ,m>ie ,l\ise vs4 ,m>iot1 #h ,la4 ,reps4 #dge4 ,9 ?is case1 :i* 0 tri$ 9 #ahcf1 ! slave _h be5 tak5 by h] ma/] to ,france & br\ght back2 ,judge ,ma!ws1 ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,l\isiana1 decid$ t resid5ce = "o mom5t "u ! laws ( ,france emancipat$ h]4 #f4 ,,em95t ,,/atesm51 ,,!mselves ,,slavehold]s1 ,,h ,,conc$$ ,,?is ,,p[]4 ,wa%+ton1 9 a lett] to ,rob]t ,morris1 dat$ ,april #ab1 #aghf1 says3 ,!re is n a man liv+1 :o wi%es m s9c]ely ?an ,i d1 to see a plan adopt$ = ! abolition ( slav]y2 b !re is only "o prop] & effectual mode by :i* x c be accompli%$1 & t is by legislative au?ority4 ,9 a lett] to ,lafayette1 dat$ ,may #aj1 #aghf1 he says3 ,x 7! abolition ( slav]y7 c]ta9ly might1 & assur$ly ought to be effect$1 & t too by legislative au?ority4 ,9 a lett] to ,john ,f5ton ,m]c]1 dat$ ,sept4 #i1 #aghf1 he says3 ,x is among my fir/ wi%es to see "s plan adopt$ by :i* slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry may be aboli%$ by law4 ,9 a lett] to ,sir ,john ,s9clair1 he says3 ,!re are 9 ,p5nsylvania1 laws = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 :i* nei!r ,m>yl& nor ,virg9ia h at pres5t1 b :i* no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t !y mu/ h1 & at a p]iod n remote4 ,speak+ ( movem5ts 9 ! ,virg9ia ,legislature 9 #aggg1 = ! passage ( a law emancipat+ ! slaves1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son says3 ,! pr9ciples ( ! am5dm5t 7 agre$ on1 t is to say1 ! fre$om ( all born aft] a c]ta9 day2 b x 0 f\nd t ! public m9d w\ld n be> ! proposition1 yet ! day is n f> di/ant1 :5 x mu/ be> & adopt x4--,jeff]son's ,memoirs1 v4 #a1 p4 #ce4 ,x is well kn[n t ,jeff]son1 ,p5dleton1 ,mason1 ,wy! & ,lee1 :ile act+ z a committee ( ! ,virg9ia ,h\se ( ,delegates to revise ! ,/ate ,laws1 prep>$ a plan = ! gradual emancipation ( ! slaves by law4 ,^! m5 7 ! great lights ( ,virg9ia4 ,mason1 ! au?or ( ! ,virg9ia ,con/itution2 ,p5dleton1 ! ,presid5t ( ! memorable ,virg9ia ,conv5tion 9 #aghg1 & ,presid5t ( ! ,virg9ia ,c\rt ( ,appeals2 ,wy! 0 ! ,black/one ( ! ,virg9ia b5*1 = a qu>t] ( a c5tury ,*ancellor ( ! ,/ate1 ! pr(essor ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 & ! preceptor ( ,jeff]son1 ,madison1 & ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all4 ,he 0 au?or ( ! celebrat$ remon/rance to ! ,engli% ,h\se ( ,commons on ! subject ( ! /amp act4 ,z to ,jeff]son1 8 "n is 8 biography4 ,e slavehold+ memb] ( ,congress f ! ,/ates ( ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 vot$ = ! celebrat$ ord9ance ( #aghg1 :i* aboli%$ ! slav]y !n exi/+ 9 ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 9 8 well kn[n lett] to ,rob]t ,pleasants1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,janu>y #ah1 #aggc1 says3 ,i believe a "t w come :5 an opportunity w be (f]$ to aboli% ?is lam5table evil4 ,william ,p9kney1 ( ,m>yl&1 advocat$ ! abolition ( slav]y by law1 9 ! legislature ( t ,/ate1 9 #aghi4 ,lu!r ,m>t9 urg$ ! same measure bo? 9 ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion1 & 9 8 report to ! ,legislature ( ,m>yl&4 ,9 #agif1 ,/4 ,george ,tuck]1 ( ,virg9ia1 pr(essor ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 & ,judge ( ! ,g5]al ,c\rt1 publi%$ an elaborate diss]tation on slav]y1 address$ to ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,/ate1 & urg+ ^u !m ! abolition ( slav]y by law4 ,john ,jay1 :ile ,new ,york 0 yet a slave ,/ate1 & himself 9 law a slavehold]1 said 9 a lett] f ,spa91 9 #aghf1 ,an excell5t law might be made out ( ! ,p5nsylvania "o1 = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y4 ,7 ,i 9 y\r legislature1 ,i w\ld pres5t a bill = ! purpose1 drawn up ) great c>e1 & ,i w\ld nev] cease mov+ x till x became a law1 or ,i ceas$ to be a memb]4 ,daniel ,d4 ,tompk9s1 9 a message to ! ,legislature ( ,new-,york ,janu>y #h1 #ahab1 said3 ,to devise ! means = ! gradual & ultimate ext]m9ation f among/ u ( slav]y1 is a "w wor?y ! repres5tatives ( a poli%$ & enlight5$ nation4 ,! ,virg9ia ,legislature ass]t$ ?is p[] 9 #ahcb4 ,at ! close ( a mon?'s debate1 ! foll[+ proce$+s 7 _h4 ,i extract f an editorial article ( ! ,ri*mond ,:ig1 ( ,janu>y #bf1 #ahcb4 ,! report ( ! ,select ,committee1 adv]se to legislation on ! subject ( ,abolition1 0 9 ^! words3 ,resolv$1 z ! op9ion ( ?is ,committee1 t x is ,,inexp$i5t ,,= ,,! ,,pres5t1 to make any legislative enactm5ts = ! abolition ( ,slav]y4 ,?is ,report ,mr4 ,pre/on mov$ to rev]se1 & ?us to decl>e t x 0 exp$i5t1 n[ to make legislative enactm5ts = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,?is 0 meet+ ! "q 9 its /ronge/ =m4 ,x dem&$ action1 & imm$iate action4 ,on ?is proposition ! vote 0 #eh to #gc4 ,_m ( ! mo/ decid$ fri5ds ( abolition vot$ aga9/ ! am5dm5t2 because !y ?\ght public op9ion n suffici5tly prep>$ = x1 & t x might prejudice ! cause to move too rapidly4 ,! vote on ,mr4 ,wit*]'s motion to po/pone ! :ole subject indef9itely1 indicates ! true /ate ( op9ion 9 ! ,h\se4--,t 0 ! te/ "q1 & 0 s int5d$ & proclaim$ by its mov]4 ,t motion 0 negativ$1 #ga to #fj2 %[+ a majority ( #aa1 :o by t vote1 decl>$ _! belief t at ! prop] "t1 & 9 ! prop] mode1 ,virg9ia ought to comm5ce a sy/em ( gradual abolition4 #g4 ,,! ,,congress ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,h ,,ass]t$ ,,?is ,,p[]4 ,! ord9ance ( '#hg1 decl>+ t !re %\ld be nei!r slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude1 9 ! ,nor? ,we/]n t]ritory1 aboli%$ ! slav]y !n exi/+ !re4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,mississippi1 9 its decision 9 ! case ( ,h>vey vs4 ,deck]1 ,walk]'s ,mi4 ,reps4 #cf1 decl>$ t ! ord9ance emancipat$ ! slaves !n held !re4 ,9 ?is decision ! "q is argu$ ably & at great l5g?4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,la4 made ! same decision 9 ! case ( ,=sy? vs4 ,na%1 #d ,m>t9's ,la4 ,reps4 #cie4 ,! same doctr9e 0 laid d[n by ,judge ,port]1 7late ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator f ,la417 9 8 decision at ! ,m>* t]m ( ! ,la4 ,supreme ,c\rt1 #ahcj1 9 ! case ( ,m]ry vs4 ,*exnaid]1 #bj ,m>t9's ,reps4 #fii4 ,t ! ord9ance aboli%$ ! slav]y !n exi/+ !re is also %[n by ! fact1 t p]sons hold+ slaves 9 ! t]ritory petition$ = ! repeal ( ! article aboli%+ slav]y1 assign+ t z a reason4 ,! petition ( ! citiz5s ( ,r&olph & ,/4 ,clair c\nties 9 ! ,ill9ois c\ntry1 /at+ t !y 7 9 possession ( slaves1 & pray+ ! repeal ( t act 7! #f? article ( ! ord9ance ( '#hg7 & ! passage ( a law legaliz+ slav]y !re4 ,am4 ,/ate pap]s1 ,public ,l&s1 v4 #a4 p4 #fi4 ,congress pass$ ?is ord9ance be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution 0 adopt$1 :5 x d]iv$ all its au?ority f ! articles ( ,conf$]ation1 :i* conf]r$ p[]s ( legislation f> m re/rict$ ?an ^? conf]r$ on ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict & ,t]ritories by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution4 ,n[1 we ask1 h[ does ! ,con/itution abridge ! p[]s :i* ,congress possess$ "u ! articles ( conf$]ation8 ,! abolition ( ! slave trade by ,congress1 9 #ahjh1 is ano!r illu/ration ( ! compet5cy ( legislative p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,! ,african slave trade has become su* a m]e te*nic1 9 common p>lance1 t ! fact ( its be+ prop] slav]y is ov]look$4 ,! buy+ & sell+1 ! transportation1 & ! horrors ( ! middle passage1 7 m]e incid5ts ( ! slav]y 9 :i* ! victims 7 held4 ,let ?+s be call$ by _! own names4 ,:5 ,congress aboli%$ ! ,african slave trade1 x aboli%$ ,,slav]y--supreme slav]y--p[] frantic ) lic5se1 trampl+ a :ole hemisph]e sca!d ) its fires1 & runn+ d[n ) blood4 ,true1 ,congress did n1 9 ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 aboli% all ! slav]y )9 its jurisdiction1 b x did aboli% all ! slav]y 9 "o "p ( its jurisdiction4 ,:at has rifl$ x ( p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ano!r "p ( its jurisdiction1 especially 9 t "p :]e x has exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]8 #h4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,recognises ,,?is ,,p[] ,,by ,,! ,,mo/ ,,conclusive ,,implication4 ,9 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #c1 clause #a1 x prohibits ! abolition ( ! slave trade previ\s to #ahjh3 ?us imply+ ! p[] ( ,congress to d x at once1 b = ! re/riction2 & its p[] to d x unconditionally1 :5 t re/riction ceas$4 ,aga92 ,9 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #b1 ,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o /ate "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f said s]vice or labor4 ,?is clause 0 ins]t$1 z all admit1 to prev5t ! runaway slave f be+ emancipat$ by ! laws ( ! free /ates4 ,if ^! laws _h no p[] to emancipate1 :y ?is con/itutional gu>d to prev5t x8 ,! ins]tion ( ! clause1 0 ! te/imony ( ! em95t juri/s t fram$ ! ,con/itution1 to ! exi/5ce ( ! p[]1 & _! public proclamation1 t ! abolition ( slav]y 0 )9 ! appropriate sph]e ( legislation4 ,! "r ( ! own] to t :i* is rightfully prop]ty1 is f\nd$ on a pr9ciple ( univ]sal law1 & is recognis$ & protect$ by all civiliz$ nations2 prop]ty 9 slaves is1 by g5]al cons5t1 an exception2 h5ce slavehold]s insi/$ ^u ! ins]tion ( ?is clause 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution1 t !y might secure by an express provision1 t f :i* protection is )held1 by ! ackn[l$g$ pr9ciples ( univ]sal law4,a ,by dem&+ ?is provision1 slavehold]s cons5t$ t _! slaves %\ld n be recognis$ z prop]ty by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution1 & h5ce !y f\nd _! claim1 on ! fact ( _! be+ p]sons1 & held to s]vice4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! fact1 t "u ! articles ( ,conf$]ation1 slavehold]s1 ^: slaves _h escap$ into free /ates1 _h no legal p[] to =ce !m back1--t n[ !y h no p[] to recov]1 by process ( law1 _! slaves :o escape to ,canada1 ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,/ates1 or to ,europe--! case already cit$1 9 :i* ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,l\isiana decid$1 t resid5ce = "o mom5t1 "u ! laws ( ,france emancipat$ an ,am]ican slave--! case ( ,fulton vs44 ,lewis1 #c ,h>4 & ,john's ,reps41 #ef1 :]e ! slave ( a ,/4 ,dom+o slavehold]1 :o br\ght him to ,m>yl& 9 '#ic1 0 pron\nc$ free by ! ,m>yl& ,c\rt ( ,appeals--are illu/rations ( ! ackn[l$g$ tru? "h ass]t$1 t by ! cons5t ( ! civiliz$ _w1 & on ! pr9ciples ( univ]sal law1 slaves are n prop]ty1 & t :5ev] held z prop]ty "u law1 x is only by positive legislative acts1 =cibly sett+ aside ! law ( nature1 ! common law1 & ! pr9ciples ( univ]sal ju/ice & "r betwe5 man & man1--pr9ciples p>am\nt to all law1 & f :i* alone law1 d]ives its intr9sic au?oritative sanction4 #i4 ,,congress ,,has ,,unque/ionable ,,p[] ,,to ,,adopt ,,! ,,common ,,law1 ,,z ,,! ,,legal ,,sy/em1 ,,)9 ,,its ,,exclusive ,,jurisdiction4--,?is has be5 done1 ) c]ta9 re/rictions1 9 mo/ ( ! ,/ates1 ei!r by legislative acts or by con/itutional implication4 ,,! ,,common ,,law ,,kn[s ,,no ,,slaves4 ,its pr9ciples annihilate slav]y :]ev] !y t\* x4 ,x is a univ]sal1 unconditional1 abolition act4 ,:]ev] slav]y is a legal sy/em1 x is s only by /atute law1 & 9 violation ( ! common law4 ,! decl>ation ( ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,holt1 t1 by ! common law1 no man c h prop]ty 9 ano!r1 is an ackn[l$g$ axiom1 & bas$ ^u ! well kn[n common law def9ition ( prop]ty4 ,! subjects ( dom9ion or prop]ty are ?+s1 z contra-di/+ui%$ f p]sons4 ,let ,congress adopt ! common law 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & slav]y !re is at once aboli%$4 ,congress may well be at home 9 common law legislation1 = ! common law is ! gr& elem5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution4 ,all its fundam5tal provisions are in/9ct ) its _s2 & its exi/5ce1 pr9ciples1 & p>am\nt au?ority1 are presuppos$ & assum$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole4 ,! preamble ( ! ,con/itution plants ! /&>d ( ! ,common ,law immovably 9 its =egr\nd4 ,we1 ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to ,,e/abli% ,,ju/ice1 c41 d orda9 & e/abli% ?is ,con/itution2 ?us proclaim+ devotion to ,,ju/ice1 z ! controll+ motive 9 ! organization ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & its secure e/abli%m5t ! *ief object ( its aims4 ,by ?is mo/ solemn recognition1 ! common law1 t gr& legal embodym5t ( ju/ice & fundam5tal "r--0 made ! ,gr\ndwork ( ! ,con/itution1 & intr5*$ beh9d its /ronge/ munitions4 ,! second clause ( ,sec4 #i1 ,art4 #a2 ,sec4 #d1 ,art4 #b1 & ! la/ clause ( ,sec4 #b1 ,art4 #c1 ) ,articles #g1 #h1 #i1 & #ac ( ! ,am5dm5ts1 are also express recognitions ( ! common law z ! presid+ ,g5ius ( ! ,con/itution4 ,by adopt+ ! common law )9 its exclusive jurisdiction ,congress w\ld c>ry out ! pr9ciples ( our glori\s ,decl>ation1 & foll[ ! highe/ prec$5ts 9 our national hi/ory & jurisprud5ce4 ,x is a political maxim z old z civil legislation1 t laws %\ld be /rictly homog5e\s ) ! pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5t ^: w !y express1 embody+ & c>ry+ !m out--be+ inde$ ! pr9ciples !mselves1 9 preceptive =m--repres5tatives alike ( ! nature & ! p[] ( ! ,gov]nm5t--/&+ illu/rations ( its g5ius & _s1 :ile !y proclaim & en=ce its au?ority4 ,:o ne$s be told t slav]y makes w> ^u ! pr9ciples ( ! ,decl>ation1 & ! _s ( ! ,con/itution1 & t ^! & ! pr9ciples ( ! common law gravitate t[>d ea* o!r ) irrepressible aff9ities1 & m+le into "o8 ,! common law came hi!r ) our pilgrim fa!rs2 x 0 _! bir?right1 _! panoply1 _! glory1 & _! song ( rejoic+ 9 ! h\se ( _! pilgrimage4 ,x cov]$ !m 9 ! day ( _! calamity1 & _! tru/ 0 "u ! %ad[ ( its w+s4 ,f ! fir/ settlem5t ( ! c\ntry1 ! g5ius ( our in/itutions & our national _s h claim$ x z a common possession1 & exult$ 9 x ) a common pride4 ,a c5tury ago1 ,gov]nor ,p[nall1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t con/itutional juri/s ( colonial times1 said ( ! common law1 ,9 all ! colonies ! common law is receiv$ z ! f\ndation & ma9 body ( _! law4 ,9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights1 made by ! ,cont95tal ,congress at its fir/ session 9 '#gd1 !re 0 ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 ,t ! respective colonies are entitl$ to ! common law ( ,engl&1 & especially to ! great & ine/imable privilege ( be+ tri$ by _! pe]s ( ! vic9age accord+ to ! c\rse ( t law4 ,soon aft] ! organization ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,ellswor?1 9 "o ( 8 decisions on ! b5* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 said3 ,! common law ( ?is c\ntry rema9s ! same z x 0 be=e ! revolution4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 9 8 decision 9 ! case ( ,liv+/on vs4 ,jeff]son1 said3 ,:5 our ance/ors migrat$ to ,am]ica1 !y br\ght ) !m ! common law ( _! native c\ntry1 s f> z x 0 applicable to _! new situation1 & ,i d n conceive t ! revolution 9 any degree *ang$ ! relations ( man to man1 or ! law :i* regulates !m4 ,9 break+ our political connection ) ! p>5t /ate1 we did n break our connection ) ea* o!r4 ,hall's ,law ,j\rnal1 new s]ies4 ,mr4 ,duponceau1 9 8 ,diss]tation on ! ,jurisdiction ( ,c\rts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 says1 ,i consid] ! common law ( ,engl& ! jus commune ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i ?9k ,i c lay x d[n z a correct pr9ciple1 t ! common law ( ,engl&1 z x 0 at ! "t ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 /ill cont9ues to be ! national law ( ?is c\ntry1 s f> z x is applicable to our pres5t /ate1 & subject to ! modifications x has receiv$ "h 9 ! c\rse ( ne>ly half a c5tury4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,taylor ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 8 decision 9 ! case ( ! ,/ate vs4 ,re$1 9 #ahbc1 ,hawkes' ,n4,c4 ,reps4 #ded1 says1 a law ( p>am\nt obligation to ! /atute1 0 violat$ by ! (f5ce--,,common ,,law f\nd$ ^u ! law ( nature1 & confirm$ by revelation4 ,! legislation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\nds 9 recognitions ( ! pr9ciples ( ! common law1 ass]t+ _! p>am\nt b9d+ p[]4 ,sp>+ details1 ( :i* our national /ate pap]s are full1 we illu/rate by a s+le in/ance4 ,x 0 made a condition ( ! admission ( ,l\isiana into ! ,union1 t ! "r ( trial by jury %\ld be secur$ to all h] citiz5s1--! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t ?us employ+ its p[] to enl>ge ! jurisdiction ( ! common law 9 ?is its great repres5tative4 ,hav+ %[n t ! abolition ( slav]y is )9 ! compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[]1 :5 unre/rict$ by con/itutional provisions1 & t ! legislation ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict is ?us unre/rict$1 its p[] to aboli% slav]y !re is e/abli%$4 ,we argue x fur!r1 f ! fact1 t slav]y exi/s !re n[ by an act ( ,congress4 ,9 ! act ( #af? ,july1 #agij1 ,congress accept$ portions ( t]ritory (f]$ by ! /ates ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 & enact$ t ! laws1 z !y !n 71 %\ld cont9ue 9 =ce1 until ,congress %all o!rwise by law provide4 ,"u ^! laws1 adopt$ by ,congress1 & 9 effect re-enact$ & made laws ( ! ,di/rict1 ! slaves !re are n[ held4 ,is ,congress s impot5t 9 its own exclusive jurisdiction t x _c o!rwise by law provide8 ,if x c say1 :at %all be consid]$ prop]ty1 x c say :at %all n be consid]$ prop]ty4 ,suppose a legislature %\ld enact t m>riage contracts %all be m]e bills ( sale1 mak+ a husb& ! proprietor ( 8 wife1 z 8 bona fide prop]ty2 & suppose husb&s %\ld h]d _! wives 9 droves = ! m>ket z bea/s ( burd51 or = ! bro!l z victims ( lu/1 & !n prate ab\t _! inviolable legal prop]ty1 & d5y ! p[] ( ! legislature1 :i* /amp$ !m prop]ty1 to undo its own wrong1 & secure to wives by law ! rights ( human be+s4 ,w\ld su* cant ab\t legal rights be he$$ :]e reason & ju/ice held sway1 & :]e law1 bas$ ^u fundam5tal morality1 receiv$ homage8 ,if a frantic legislature pron\nces woman a *attel1 has x no p[]1 ) return+ reason1 to take back ! blasphemy8 ,is ! impi\s edict irrepealable8 ,be x1 t ) legal =ms x has /amp$ wives w>es4 ,c no legislation blot out ! br&8 ,mu/ ! h&writ+ ( ,deity on human nature be expung$ = ev]8 ,has law no p[] to /ay ! eras+ p51 & te> (f ! scrawl$ label t cov]s up ! ,,image ,,( ,,god8 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,congress ,,to ,,aboli% ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,di/rict ,,has ,,be51 ,,till ,,rec5tly1 ,,univ]sally ,,conc$$4 #a4 ,,x ,,has ,,be5 ,,assum$ ,,by ,,congress ,,itself4 ,! foll[+ record /&s on ! j\rnals ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives = #ahjd1 p4 #bbe3 ,on motion made & second$ t ! ,h\se d come to ! foll[+ resolution3 ',resolv$1 ,t f & aft] ! #d? day ( ,july1 #ahje1 all blacks & p ( color t %all be born )9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or ^: mo!rs %all be ! prop]ty ( any p]son resid+ )9 said ,di/rict1 %all be free1 ! males at ! age ( ----1 & ! females at ! age ( ----4 ,! ma9 "q be+ tak5 t ! h\se d agree to said motion z orig9ally propos$1 x 0 negativ$ by a majority ( #df4' ,?\gh ! motion 0 lo/1 x 0 on ! gr\nd ( its alleg$ inexp$i5cy alone4 ,9 ! debate :i* prec$$ ! vote1 ! p[] ( ,congress 0 conc$$4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahaf1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ! foll[+ resolution3--,resolv$1 ,t a committee be appo9t$ to inquire into ! exi/5ce ( an inhuman & illegal traffic 9 slaves1 c>ri$ on 9 & ?r\gh ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & to report :e!r any & :at measures are necess>y = putt+ a /op to ! same4 ,on ! #i? ( ,janu>y1 #ahbi1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ! foll[+ resolution by a vote ( #aad to #ff3 ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,committee on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 be in/ruct$ to inquire into ! exp$i5cy ( provid+ by law = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y )9 ! ,di/rict1 9 su* mann] t ! int]e/s ( no individual %all be injur$ !reby4 ,among ^? :o vot$ 9 ! affirmative 7 ,messrs4 ,b>ney ( ,md41 ,arm/rong ( ,va41 ,a4,h4 ,%epp]d ( ,n4,c41 ,blair ( ,t5n41 ,*ilton & ,lyon ( ,ky41 ,johns ( ,del41 & o!rs f slave /ates4 #b4 ,,x ,,has ,,bees ,,conc$$ ,,by ,,committees ,,( ,,congress1 ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict ( ,,columbia4--,9 a report ( ! committee on ! ,di/rict1 ,jan4 #aa1 #ahcg1 by _! *airman1 ,mr4 ,p[ell ( ,va41 !re is ! foll[+ decl>ation3--,! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 has by ! con/itution exclusive jurisdiction ov] ! ,di/rict1 & has p[] ^u ?is subject1 7slav]y17 z ^u all o!r subjects ( legislation1 to ex]cise unlimit$ discretion4 ,reps4 ( ,comms4 #b;d ,sess4 #ai? ,cong4 v4 iv4 ,no4 #dc4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahca1 ! committee on ! ,di/rict1 ,dr4 ,doddridge ( ,va41 ,*airman1 report$1 ,t until ! adjo9+ /ates act on ! subject1 7slav]y7 x w\ld be 7n uncon/itutional b7 unwise & impolitic1 if n unju/1 = ,congress to int]f]e4 ,9 ,april1 #ahcf1 a special committee on abolition memorials report$ ! foll[+ resolutions by _! ,*airman1 ,mr4 ,p9ckney ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a3 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress possesses no con/itutional au?ority to int]f]e 9 any way ) ! in/itution ( slav]y 9 any ( ! /ates ( ?is conf$]acy4 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress ought n to int]f]e 9 any way ) slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,ought n to int]f]e1 c>efully avoid+ ! phraseology ( ! fir/ resolution1 & ?us 9 effect conc$+ ! con/itutional p[]4 ,9 a widely circulat$ ,address to ! electors ( ! ,*>le/on ,di/rict1 ,mr4 ,p9kney is ?us d5\nc$ by 8 own con/itu5ts3 ,he has propos$ a resolution :i* is receiv$ by ! pla9 common s5se ( ! :ole c\ntry z a concession t ,congress has au?ority to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 #c4 ,,x ,,has ,,be5 ,,conc$$ ,,by ,,! ,,citiz5s ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict4 ,a petition = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 sign$ by ne>ly elev5 hundr$ ( its citiz5s1 0 pres5t$ to ,congress1 ,m>* #bd1 #ahbg4 ,among ! sign]s to ?is petition1 7 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,cran*1 ,judge ,van ,ness1 ,judge ,morsel1 ,pr(4 ,j4,m4 ,/aughton1 & a l>ge numb] ( ! mo/ influ5tial inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict4 ,mr4 ,dickson1 ( ,new ,york1 ass]t$ on ! floor ( ,congress 9 #ahce1 t ! sign]s ( ?is petition own$ m ?an half ( ! prop]ty 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! accuracy ( ?is /atem5t has nev] be5 que/ion$4 ,,?is ,,p[] ,,has ,,be5 ,,conc$$ ,,by ,,gr& ,,juries ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict4 ,! ,gr& jury ( ! c\nty ( ,alex&ria1 at ! ,m>* t]m1 #ahjb1 pres5t$ ! dome/ic slave trade z a grievance1 & said1 ,we consid] ^! grievances dem&+ legislative r$ress4 ,jan4 #ai1 #ahbi1 ,mr4 ,alex&]1 ( ,virg9ia1 pres5t$ a repres5tation ( ! gr& jury 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 remon/rat+ aga9/ any measure = ! abolition ( slav]y )9 said ,di/rict1 unless accompani$ by measures = ! removal ( ! emancipat$ f ! same2 ?us1 n only conc$+ ! p[] to emancipate slaves1 b affirm+ an additional p[]1 t ( exclud+ !m :5 free4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbh-i1 p4 #agd4 #d4 ,,?is ,,p[] ,,has ,,be5 ,,conc$$ ,,by ,,/ate ,,legislatures4 ,9 #ahbh ! ,legislature ( ,p5nsylvania in/ruct$ _! ,s5ators 9 ,congress to procure1 if practicable1 ! passage ( a law to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,jan4 #bh1 #ahbi1 ! ,h\se ( ,assembly ( ,new-,york pass$ a resolution1 t _! ,s5ators 9 ,congress be in/ruct$ to make e possible ex]tion to effect ! passage ( a law = ! abolition ( ,slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahcg1 ! ,s5ate ( ,massa*usetts ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress hav+ exclusive legislation 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 possess ! "r to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade !re94 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ! foll[+ resolution at ! same session3 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress hav+ exclusive legislation 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 possess ! "r to aboli% slav]y 9 said ,di/rict4 ,novemb] #a1 #ahcg1 ! ,legislature ( ,v]mont1 ,resolv$1 t ,congress h ! full p[] by ! con/itution to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & 9 ! t]ritories4 ,may #cj1 #ahcf1 a committee ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,legislature report$ ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress does possess ! con/itutional p[]1 & x is exp$i5t to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade )9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahcf1 ! ,legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,resolv$1 ,t we %\ld consid] ! abolition ( ,slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia z a violation ( ! rights ( ! citiz5s ( t ,di/rict d]iv$ f ! impli$ conditions on :i* t t]ritory 0 c$$ to ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,in/ead ( d5y+ ! con/itutional p[]1 !y virtually admit its exi/5ce1 by /riv+ to smo!r x "u an implication4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahcf1 ! ,legislature ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,resolv$1 ,t1 al?\gh by ! ,con/itution all legislative p[] ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia is ve/$ 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 yet we w\ld deprecate any legislative action on ! "p ( t body t[>ds lib]at+ ! slaves ( t ,di/rict1 z a brea* ( fai? t[>ds ^? ,/ates by :om ! t]ritory 0 orig9ally c$$4 ,"h is a full concession ( ! p[]4 ,febru>y #b1 #ahcf1 ! ,virg9ia ,legislature pass$ unanim\sly ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 by ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,virg9ia1 t ! foll[+ article be propos$ to ! sev]al /ates ( ?is ,union1 & to ,congress1 z an am5dm5t ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,! p[]s ( ,congress %all n be s con/ru$ z to au?orize ! passage ( any law = ! emancipation ( slaves 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! individual proprietors !re(1 unless by ! sanction ( ! ,legislatures ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 & "u su* conditions z !y %all by law prescribe4 ,fifty ye>s aft] ! =mation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution ! /ates are solemnly call$ ^u by ! ,virg9ia ,legislature1 to am5d t in/rum5t by a clause ass]t+ t1 9 ! grant to ,congress ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] ! ,di/rict1 ! case ( slav]y is n includ$66 ,:at c\ld h dictat$ su* a resolution b ! conviction t ! p[] to aboli% slav]y is an irresi/ible inf]5ce f ! con/itution z x is4 ,! fact t ! same legislature pass$ aft]w>d a resolution1 ?\gh by no means unanim\sly1 t ,congress does n possess ! p[]1 abates n a tittle ( ! te/imony 9 ! fir/ resolution4 ,m>* #bc;d1 #ahbd1 ,mr4 ,br[n pres5t$ ! resolutions ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,ohio1 recomm5d+ to ,congress ! consid]ation ( a sy/em = ! gradual emancipation ( p]sons ( color held 9 s]vitude 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on ! same day1 ,mr4 ,noble1 ( ,indiana1 communicat$ a resolution f ! legislature ( t /ate1 respect+ ! gradual emancipation ( slaves )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 = #ahbd-e1 p4 #bca4 ,! ,ohio & ,indiana resolutions1 by tak+ = grant$ ! g5]al p[] ( ,congress ov] ! subject ( slav]y1 d virtually ass]t its special p[] )9 its exclusive jurisdiction4 #e4 ,,?is ,,p[] ,,has ,,be5 ,,conc$$ ,,by ,,bodies ,,( ,,citiz5s ,,9 ,,! ,,slave ,,/ates4 ,! petition ( elev5 hundr$ citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict1 has be5 already m5tion$4 ,m>* #e1 #ahcj1 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton pres5t$ a memorial ( inhabitants ( ! c\nty ( ,fr$]ick1 9 ! /ate ( ,m>yl&1 pray+ t provision be made = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbi-cj1 p4 #ceh4 ,m>* #cj1 #ahbh4 ,mr4 ,a4,h4 ,%epp]d1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 pres5t$ a memorial ( citiz5s ( t /ate1 pray+ ,congress to take measures = ! entire abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbi-cj1 p4 #cgi4 ,janu>y #ad1 #ahbb4 ,mr4 ,rhea1 ( ,t5nessee1 pres5t$ a memorial ( citiz5s ( t /ate1 pray+ t provision may be made1 :]eby all slaves :i* may h]eaft] be born 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 %all be free at a c]ta9 p]iod ( _! lives4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahba-bb1 p4 #adb4 ,decemb] #ac1 #ahbd4 ,mr4 ,saund]s ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 pres5t$ a memorial ( citiz5s ( t /ate1 pray+ t measures may be tak5 = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbd-be1 p4 #bg4 ,decemb] #af1 #ahbh4 ,mr4 ,b>n>d pres5t$ ! memorial ( ! ,am]ican ,conv5tion = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 held 9 ,baltimore1 pray+ t slav]y may be aboli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,j\rnal ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 #ahbh-bi1 p4 #bd4 #f4 ,,di/+ui%$ ,,/atesm5 ,,& ,,juri/s ,,9 ,,! ,,slavehold+ ,,/ates1 ,,h ,,conc$$ ,,?is ,,p[]4 ,! te/imony ( ,messrs4 ,doddridge1 & ,p[ell1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,cran*1 & ,judges ,morsel & ,van ,ness1 ( ! ,di/rict1 has already be5 giv54 ,9 ! debate 9 ,congress on ! memorial ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 9 #agij1 ,mr4 ,madison1 9 speak+ ( ! t]ritories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 explicitly decl>$1 f 8 own k ( ! views ( ! memb]s ( ! conv5tion t fram$ ! con/itution1 z well z f ! obvi\s import ( its t]ms1 t 9 ! t]ritories1 ,congress h c]ta9ly ! p[] to regulate ! subject ( slav]y4 ,congress c h no m p[] ov] ! t]ritories ?an t ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 consequ5tly1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,madison1 x has c]ta9ly ! p[] to regulate ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahaf1 ,mr4 ,r&olph ( ,va4 introduc$ a resolution = putt+ a /op to ! dome/ic slave trade )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,decemb] #ab1 #ahbg1 ,mr4 ,b>ney1 ( ,md4 pres5t$ a memorial = abolition 9 ! ,di/rict1 & mov$ t x be pr9t$4 ,mr4 ,mc,duffie1 ( ,s4,c41 object$ to ! pr9t+1 b expressly admitt$ ! "r ( ,congress to grant to ! p ( ! ,di/rict any measures :i* !y might deem necess>y to free !mselves f ! deplorable evil4--,see lett] ( ,mr4 ,claiborne ( ,miss4 to 8 con/itu5ts1 publi%$ 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,globe1 ,may #i1 #ahcf4 ,! s5tim5ts ( ,mr4 ,clay1 ( ,k5tucky1 on ! subject are well kn[n4 ,9 a spee* be=e ! ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 9 #ahcf1 he decl>$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict unque/ionable4 ,messrs4 ,blair1 ( ,t5n41 & ,*ilton1 ,lyon1 & ,r4,m4 ,johnson1 ( ,ky41 ,a4,h4 ,%epp]d1 ( ,n4,c41 ,messrs4 ,arm/rong & ,smy?1 ( ,va41 ,messrs4 ,dorsey1 ,ar*]1 & ,b>ney1 ( ,md41 & ,johns1 ( ,del41 ) num]\s o!rs f slave /ates1 h ass]t$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,9 ! spee* ( ,mr4 ,smy?1 ( ,va41 on ! ,miss\ri "q1 ,janu>y #bh1 #ahbj1 he says on ?is po9t3 ,if ! future fre$om ( ! blacks is y\r real object1 & n a m]e pret5ce1 :y d y n beg9 "h8 ,)9 ! t5 miles squ>e1 y h und\bt$ p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation4 ,produce a bill to emancipate ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or1 if y pref] x1 to emancipate ^? born h]eaft]4 ,to ?is may be add$ ! te/imony ( ! pres5t ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,hon4 ,ri*>d ,m4 ,johnson1 ( ,k5tucky4 ,9 a spee* be=e ! ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 ,feb4 #a1 #ahbj1 7,national ,intellig5c]1 ,april #bj1 #ahbj7 he says3 ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 conta9+ a population ( #cj1jjj s\ls1 & probably z _m slaves z ! :ole t]ritory ( ,miss\ri1 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,provid+ ,,= ,,_! ,,emancipation ,,re/s ,,) ,,congress ,,alone4 ,:y1 !n1 ?is he>t-r5d+ sympa?y = ! slaves ( ,miss\ri1 & ?is cold ins5sibility1 ?is et]nal apa?y1 t[>ds ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia8 ,x is q unnecess>y to add1 t ! mo/ di/+ui%$ nor!rn /atesm5 ( bo? political p>ties1 h always affirm$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict3 ,presid5t ,van ,bur5 9 8 lett] ( ,m>* #f1 #ahcf1 to a committee ( g5tlem5 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 says1 ,i w\ld n1 f ! light n[ be=e me1 feel myself safe 9 pron\nc+ t ,congress does n possess ! p[] ( aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,?is decl>ation ( ! ,presid5t is consi/5t ) 8 av[$ s5tim5ts t\*+ ! ,miss\ri "q1 on :i* he co9cid$ ) su* m5 z ,daniel ,d4 ,tompk9s1 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton1 & o!rs1 ^: names are a ho/4,a ,x is consi/5t1 also1 ) 8 recomm5dation 9 8 late message1 9 :i*1 speak+ ( ! ,di/rict1 he /rongly urges ^u ,congress a ?or\gh & c>eful revision ( its local gov]nm5t1 speaks ( ! entire dep5d5ce ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict ^u ,congress1 recomm5ds t a uni=m sy/em ( local gov]nm5t be adopt$1 & adds1 t al?\gh x 0 select$ z ! seat ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 ! site ( its public edifices1 ! depository ( its ar*ives1 & ! resid5ce ( (fic]s entru/$ ) l>ge am\nts ( public prop]ty1 & ! managem5t ( public bus9ess1 yet x nev] has be5 subject$ to1 or receiv$1 t special & compreh5sive legislation :i* ^! circum/ances peculi>ly dem&$4 ,footnote ,a3 ,mr4 ,van ,bur51 :5 a memb] ( ! ,s5ate ( ,new-,york1 vot$ = ! foll[+ preamble & resolutions1 :i* pass$ unanim\sly3--,jan #bh?1 #ahbj4 ,:]eas ! inhibit+ ! fur!r ext5sion ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is a subject ( deep conc]n to ! p ( ?is /ate3 & :]eas1 we consid] slav]y z an evil mu* to be deplor$1 & t e con/itutional b>ri] %\ld be int]pos$ to prev5t its fur!r ext5sion3 & t ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates cle>ly gives congress ! "r to require new /ates1 n compris$ )9 ! orig9al b\nd>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to make ! prohibition ( slav]y a condition ( _! admission into ! ,union3 ,!re=e1 ,resolv$1 ,t our ,s5ators be in/ruct$1 & our memb]s ( ,congress be reque/$1 to oppose ! admission z a /ate into ! ,union1 ( an t]ritory n compris$ z a=esaid1 )\t mak+ ! prohibition ( slav]y !re9 an indisp5sable condition ( admission4 ,! t5or ( ,mr4 ,tallmadge's spee* on ! "r ( petition1 & ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s on ! reception ( abolition memorials1 may be tak5 z univ]sal expon5ts ( ! s5tim5ts ( nor!rn /atesm5 z to ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,an explicit decl>ation1 t an ov]:elm+ majority ( ! pres5t ,congress conc$e ! p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 has j be5 made by ,hon4 ,rob]t ,b>nwell ,rhett1 a memb] ( ,congress f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 a lett] publi%$ 9 ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury ( ,dec4 #bg1 #ahcg4 ,! foll[+ is an extract3 ,! "t has arriv$ :5 we mu/ h new gu>anties "u ! con/itution1 or ! ,union mu/ be dissolv$4 ,our views ( ! con/itution are n ^? ( ! majority4 ,,an ,,ov]:elm+ ,,majority ?9k t by ! con/itution1 ,congress may aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia--may aboli% ! slave trade betwe5 ! ,/ates2 t is1 x may prohibit _! be+ c>ri$ out ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* !y are--& prohibit x 9 all ! t]ritories1 ,florida among !m4 ,!y ?9k1 ,,n ,,)\t ,,/rong ,,reasons1 t ! p[] ( ,congress ext5ds to all ( ^! subjects4 ,direct te/imony to %[ t ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 has always till rec5tly be5 univ]sally conc$$1 is p]haps q sup]flu\s4 ,we subjo91 h[ev]1 ! foll[+3 ,! ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 8 spee* on ! ,miss\ri "q1 quot$ above1 aft] cont5d+ t ! re/riction ( slav]y 9 ,miss\ri w\ld be uncon/itutional1 decl>es1 t ! p[] ( ,congress ov] slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ,,c\ld ,,n ,,be ,,que/ion$4 ,9 ! spee* ( ,mr4 ,smy?1 ( ,va41 also quot$ above1 he decl>es ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict to be ,,und\bt$4 ,mr4 ,su!rl&1 ( ,p5n41 9 a spee* 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 on ! motion to pr9t ,mr4 ,p9ckney's ,report1 is ?us report$ 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,globe1 ( ,may #i?1 '#cf4 ,he repli$ to ! rem>k t ! report conc$$ t ,congress _h a "r to legislate ^u ! subject 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & said t ,,su* ,a ,,"r ,,_h ,,nev] ,,be51 ,,till ,,rec5tly1 ,,d5i$4 ,! ,am]ican ,qu>t]ly ,review1 publi%$ at ,philadelphia1 ) a l>ge circulation & li/ ( contributors 9 ! slave /ates1 holds ! foll[+ language 9 ! ,septemb] ,no4 #ahcc1 p4 #ee3 ,"u ?is 'exclusive jurisdiction1' grant$ by ! con/itution1 ,congress has p[] to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,x w\ld h>dly be necess>y to /ate ?is z a di/9ct proposition1 _h x n be5 occasionally que/ion$4 ,! tru? ( ! ass]tion1 h[ev]1 is too obvi\s to admit ( argum5t--& we believe ,,has ,,nev] ,,be5 ,,disput$ ,,by ,,p]sons ,,:o ,,are ,,famili> ,,) ,,! ,,con/itution4 ,,objections ,,to ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,conclusions ,,consid]$4 ,we n[ proce$ to notice briefly ! ma9 argum5ts t h be5 employ$ 9 ,congress1 & else:]e aga9/ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,"o ( ! mo/ plausible is2 t ! conditions on :i* ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia c$$ ! ,di/rict to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld be violat$1 if ,congress %\ld aboli% slav]y !re4 ,! reply to ?is is1 t ,congress _h no p[] to accept a cession c\pl$ ) conditions re/rict+ t p[] ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 ov] su* ,di/rict1 :i* 0 giv5 x by ! con/itution4 ,to %[ ! futility ( ! objection1 we ins]t "h ! acts ( cession4 ,! cession ( ,m>yl& 0 made 9 ,novemb]1 #aghh1 & is z foll[s3 ,an act to c$e to ,congress a di/rict ( t5 miles squ>e 9 ?is /ate = ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,be x enact$1 by ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,m>yl&1 t ! repres5tatives ( ?is /ate 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 appo9t$ to assemble at ,new-,york1 on ! fir/ ,w$nesday ( ,m>* next1 be1 & !y are h]eby au?oriz$ & requir$ on ! behalf ( ?is /ate1 to c$e to ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 any di/rict 9 ?is /ate1 n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e1 :i* ! ,congress may fix ^u1 & accept = ! seat ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,laws ( ,md41 v4 #b41 c4 #df4 ,! cession ( ,virg9ia 0 made on ! #c;d ( ,decemb]1 #aghh1 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,be x enact$ by ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 ,t a tract ( c\ntry1 n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e1 or any less] quantity1 to be locat$ )9 ! limits ( ! ,/ate1 & 9 any "p !re(1 z ,congress may1 by law1 direct1 %all be1 & ! same is h]eby =ev] c$$ & rel9qui%$ to ! ,congress & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 full & absolute "r1 & exclusive jurisdiction1 z well ( soil1 z ( p]sons resid+ or to reside !reon1 pursuant to ! t5or & effect ( ! eigh? section ( ! fir/ article ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b 7 !re no provisos to ^! acts8 ,! ,m>yl& act _h none4 ,! ,virg9ia act _h ?is proviso3 ,sect4 #b4 ,provid$1 t no?+ h]e9 conta9$1 %all be con/ru$ to ve/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates any "r ( prop]ty 9 ! soil1 or to affect ! rights ( individuals !re91 o!rwise ?an ! same %all or may be transf]r$ by su* individuals to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is specification t\*+ ! soil 0 m]ely def9itive & explanatory ( t clause 9 ! act ( cession1 full & absolute "r4 ,in/ead ( re/ra9+ ! p[] ( ,congress on slav]y & o!r subjects1 x ev5 gives x fre] c\rse2 = exceptions to p>ts ( a rule1 give d\ble confirmation to ^? p>ts n embrac$ 9 ! exceptions4 ,if x 0 ! design ( ! proviso to re/rict congressional action on ! subject ( slav]y1 :y is ! soil alone specifi$8 ,z legal in/rum5ts are n p>agons ( economy 9 words1 might n ,john ,doe1 out ( 8 abundance1 & )\t spoil+ 8 /yle1 h af=d$ an additional ^w--at lea/ a h9t--t slav]y 0 meant1 ?\gh no?+ 0 said ab\t x8 ,b aga91 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 9 _! acts ( cession1 decl>e !m to be 9 pursuance ( t clause ( ! con/itution :i* gives to ,congress exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] ! t5 miles squ>e--?us1 in/ead ( re/rict+ t clause1 bo? ,/ates confirm x4 ,n[1 _! acts ( cession ei!r accord$ ) t clause ( ! con/itution1 or !y conflict$ ) x4 ,if !y conflict$ ) x1 accept+ ! cessions 0 a violation ( ! con/itution4 ,! fact t ,congress accept$ ! cessions1 proves t 9 its view _! t]ms did n conflict ) its con/itutional grant ( p[]4 ,! inquiry :e!r ^! acts ( cession 7 consi/5t or inconsi/5t ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution1 is totally irrelevant to ! "q at issue4 ,:at sai? ! ,,con/itution8 ,t is ! "q4 ,n1 :at sai? ,virg9ia1 or ,m>yl&1 or--equally to ! po9t--,john ,bull6 ,if ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia _h be5 ! au?oriz$ int]pret]s ( ! con/itution = ! ,union1 ^! acts ( cession c\ld h>dly h be5 magnifi$ m ?an !y h be5 rec5tly by ! s\!rn delegation 9 ,congress4 ,a true und]/&+ ( ! con/itution c be _h1 =soo?1 only by hold+ x up 9 ! light ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia legislation6 ,we are told1 aga91 t ^? ,/ates w\ld n h c$$ ! ,di/rict if !y _h suppos$ ! con/itution gave ,congress p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 x4 ,?is comes ) an ill grace f ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,!y knew ! con/itution4 ,!y 7 p>ties to x4 ,!y _h sift$ x clause by clause1 9 _! ,/ate conv5tions4 ,!y _h weigh$ its words 9 ! balance--!y _h te/$ !m z by fire2 & f9ally1 aft] long pond]+1 !y adopt$ ! con/itution4 ,& aft]w>d1 self-mov$1 !y c$$ ! t5 miles squ>e1 & decl>$ ! cession made 9 pursuance ( t (t-cit$ clause1 ,congress %all h p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,& n[ v]ily !y w\ld n h c$$ if !y _h suppos$6 c4 ,c$e x !y did1 & 9 full & absolute "r bo? ( soil & p]sons4 ,congress accept$ ! cession--/ate p[] ov] ! ,di/rict ceas$1 & congressional p[] ov] x comm5c$--& n[1 ! sole "q to be settl$ is1 ! am\nt ( p[] ov] ! ,di/rict1 lodg$ 9 ,congress by ! con/itution4 ,! con/itution--,,! ,,con/itution--t is ! po9t4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia suppositions mu/ be pot5t suppositions to abrogate a clause ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution6 ,t clause ei!r gives ,congress p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 or x does n--& t po9t is to be settl$1 n by /ate suppositions1 nor /ate usages1 nor /ate legislation1 b by ! t]ms ( ! clause !mselves4 ,s\!rn memb]s ( ,congress1 9 ! rec5t discussions1 h conc$$ ! p[] ( a cont+5t abolition 9 ! ,di/rict1 by susp5d+ x ^u ! cons5t ( ! p4 ,su* a doctr9e f declaim]s l ,messrs4 ,al=d1 ( ,georgia1 & ,walk]1 ( ,mississippi1 w\ld excite no surprise2 b t x %\ld be honor$ ) ! endorsem5t ( su* m5 z ,mr4 ,rives & ,mr4 ,calh\n1 is q unacc\ntable4 ,are attributes ( sov]eignty m]e creatures ( cont+5cy8 ,is delegat$ au?ority m]e conditional p]mission8 ,is a con/itutional p[] to be ex]cis$ by ^? :o hold x1 only by popul> suff]ance8 ,mu/ x lie helpless at ! pool ( public s5tim5t1 wait+ ! graci\s tr\bl+ ( its wat]s8 ,is x a lifeless corpse1 save only :5 popul> cons5t deigns to puff brea? into its no/rils8 ,besides1 if ! cons5t ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict be necess>y1 ! cons5t ( ! :ole p mu/ be _h--n t ( a majority1 h[ev] l>ge4 ,majorities1 to be au?oritative1 mu/ be legal--& a legal majority )\t legislative p[]1 or "r ( repres5tation1 or ev5 ! electoral fran*ise1 w\ld be truly an anomaly6 ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 su* a ?+ z a majority 9 a legal s5se is unkn[n to law4 ,to talk ( ! p[] ( a majority1 or ! w ( a majority !re1 is m]e m\?+4 ,a majority8 ,!n x has an au?oritative w--& an organ to make x kn[n--& an executive to c>ry x into effect--,:]e are !y8 ,we repeat x--if ! cons5t ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict be necess>y1 ! cons5t ( e "o is necess>y--& univ]sal cons5t w come only ) ! ,greek ,kal5ds & a p]petual motion4 ,a s+le individual might ?us p]petuate slav]y 9 defiance ( ! express$ w ( a :ole p4 ,! mo/ common =m ( ?is fallacy is giv5 by ,mr4 ,wise1 ( ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee*1 ,febru>y #af1 #ahce1 9 :i* he d5i$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 unless ! inhabitants own+ slaves petition$ = x66 ,s\!rn memb]s ( ,congress at ! pres5t session r+ *anges almo/ daily ^u ! same fallacy4 ,:at6 pray ,congress to use a p[] :i* x has n8 ,x is requir$ ( a man accord+ to :at he ha?1 sai? ! ,scripture4 ,i comm5d ,mr4 ,wise to ,paul = 8 e?ics4 ,w\ld t he _h got 8 logic ( him6 ,if ,congress does n possess ! p[]1 :y taunt x ) its weakness1 by ask+ its ex]cise8 ,:y mock x by dem&+ impossibilities8 ,petition+1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,wise1 is1 9 matt]s ( legislation1 omnipot5ce itself2 ! v s\rce ( all con/itutional p[]2 =1 ask+ ,congress to d :at x _c d1 gives x ! p[]--to pray ! ex]cise ( a p[] t is n1 creates x4 ,a beautiful !ory6 ,let u "w x bo? ways4 ,if to petition = ! ex]cise ( a p[] t is n1 creates x--to petition aga9/ ! ex]cise ( a p[] t is1 annihilates x4 ,z s\!rn g5tlem5 are p>tial to summ>y processes1 pray1 sirs1 try ! virtue ( y\r own recipe on exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]2 a bett] subject = exp]im5t & te/ ( ! prescription c\ld n be _h4 ,b if ! petitions ( ! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict give ,congress ! "r to aboli% slav]y1 !y impose ! duty2 if !y conf] con/itutional au?ority1 !y create con/itutional obligation4 ,if ,congress may aboli% because ( an expression ( _! w1 x mu/ aboli% at ! bidd+ ( t w4 ,if ! p ( ! ,di/rict are a s\rce ( p[] to ,congress1 _! express$ w has ! =ce ( a con/itutional provision1 & has ! same b9d+ p[] ^u ! ,national ,legislature4 ,to make ,congress dep5d5t on ! ,di/rict = au?ority1 is to make x a subject ( its au?ority1 re/ra9+ ! ex]cise ( its own discretion1 & s9k+ x into a m]e organ ( ! ,di/rict's w4 ,we proce$ to ano!r objection4 ,! s\!rn /ates w\ld n h ratifi$ ! con/itution1 if !y _h suppos$ t x gave ?is p[]4 ,x is a suffici5t answ] to ?is objection1 t ! nor!rn /ates w\ld n h ratifi$ x1 if !y _h suppos$ t x )held ! p[]4 ,if suppositions are to take ! place ( ! con/itution--com+ f bo? sides1 !y neutralize ea* o!r4 ,to argue a con/itutional "q by guess+ at ! suppositions t might h be5 made by ! p>ties to x1 w\ld f9d small favor 9 a c\rt ( law4 ,b ev5 a desp]ate %ift is "s easem5t :5 sorely pu%$4 ,if ?is "q is to be settl$ by suppositions suppositions %all be =?com+1 & t )\t /9t4 ,fir/1 !n1 ,i affirm t ! ,nor? ratifi$ ! con/itution1 suppos+ t slav]y _h begun to wax old1 & w\ld spe$ily vani% away1 & especially t ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 :i* by ! con/itution 0 to be surr5d]$ to ,congress aft] tw5ty ye>s1 w\ld ca/ x headlong4 ,w\ld ! ,nor? h adopt$ ! con/itution1 giv+ ?ree-fif?s ( ! slave prop]ty a repres5tation1 if x _h suppos$ t ! slaves w\ld h increas$ f half a million to two millions & a half by #ahch--;& t ! c5sus ( #ahdj w\ld give to ! slave /ates ?irty repres5tatives ( slave prop]ty8 ,if !y _h suppos$ t ?is repres5tation w\ld h controll$ ! legislation ( ! gov]nm5t1 & c>ri$ aga9/ ! ,nor? e "q vital to its int]e/s1 w\ld ,hamilton1 ,frankl91 ,%]man1 ,g]ry1 ,liv+/on1 ,langdon1 & ,rufus ,k+ h be5 su* madm51 z to sign ! con/itution1 & ! ,nor!rn ,/ates su* suicides z to ratify x8 ,e self-pres]v+ in/9ct w\ld h %riek$ at su* an infatuate immolation4 ,at ! adoption ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 slav]y 0 reg>d$ z a fa/ wan+ sy/em4 ,?is conviction 0 univ]sal4 ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son1 ,h5ry1 ,grayson1 ,tuck]1 ,madison1 ,wy!1 ,p5dleton1 ,lee1 ,blair1 ,mason1 ,page1 ,p>k]1 ,r&olph1 ,ir$ell1 ,spaight1 ,ramsey1 ,p9kney1 ,m>t91 ,mc,henry1 ,*ase1 & ne>ly all ! illu/ri\s names s\? ( ! ,potomac1 proclaim$ x be=e ! sun4 ,a reason urg$ 9 ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 :y ! ^w slave %\ld n be us$ 9 x1 01 t :5 slav]y %\ld cease1 !re might rema9 ^u ! ,national ,*>t] no record t x _h ev] be54 7,see spee* ( ,mr4 ,burrill1 ( ,r4,i41 on ! ,miss\ri "q47 ,i n[ proce$ to %[ by te/imony1 t at ! date ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 & = sev]al ye>s be=e & aft] t p]iod1 slav]y 0 rapidly on ! wane2 t ! ,am]ican ,revolution ) ! great ev5ts prec$+1 accompany+1 & foll[+ x1 _h wr\ght an imm5se & almo/ univ]sal *ange 9 ! public s5tim5t ( ! nation on ! subject1 p[]fully impell+ x t[>d ! entire abolition ( ! sy/em--& t x 0 ! g5]al belief t measures = its abolition ?r\gh\t ! ,union1 w\ld be comm5c$ by ! individual ,/ates g5]ally be=e ! lapse ( _m ye>s4 ,a great mass ( te/imony e/abli%+ ?is position might be pres5t$1 b n>r[ space1 & ! importance ( spe$y publication1 c\nsel brevity4 ,let ! foll[+ pro(s suffice4 ,fir/1 a few dates z po9ts ( obs]vation4 ,! fir/ g5]al ,congress met 9 #aggd4 ,! revolution>y w> comm5c$ 9 '#ge4 ,indep5d5ce 0 decl>$ 9 '#gf4 ,! articles ( conf$]ation 7 adopt$ by ! ?irte5 /ates 9 '#gh4 ,indep5d5ce ackn[l$g$ 9 '#hc4 ,! conv5tion = =m+ ! ,u4,s4 con/itution 0 held 9 '#hg1 ! /ate conv5tions = consid]+ x 9 '#hg1 & '#hh4 ,! fir/ ,congress "u ! con/itution 9 '#hi4 ,dr4 ,ru%1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 "o ( ! sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 9 a lett] to ,granville ,%>pe1 ,may #a1 #aggc1 says ,a _s ( humanity & religion beg9s to awak5 9 sev]al ( ! colonies 9 favor ( ! poor negroes4 ,great ev5ts h be5 br\ght ab\t by small beg9n+s4 ,an?ony ,b5ezet /ood alone a few ye>s ago 9 oppos+ negro slav]y 9 ,philadelphia1 & ,,n[ ,,?ree-,,f\r?s ,,( ,,! ,,prov9ce ,,z ,,well ,,z ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,cry ,,out ,,aga9/ ,,x4--,/u>t's ,life ( ,%>pe1 p4 #ba4 ,9 ! preamble to ! act prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves into ,rhode ,isl&1 ,june1 #aggd1 is ! foll[+3 ,:]eas ! inhabitants ( ,am]ica are g5]ally engag$ 9 ! pres]vation ( _! own rights & lib]ties1 among :i* t ( p]sonal fre$om mu/ be consid]$ ! greate/1 & z ^? :o are desir\s ( enjoy+ all ! advantages ( lib]ty !mselves1 %\ld be will+ to ext5d p]sonal lib]ty to o!rs1 !re=e1 c4 ,octob] #bj1 #aggd1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress pass$ ! foll[+3 ,we1 = ourselves & ! inhabitants ( ! sev]al colonies :om we repres5t1 firmly agree & associate "u ! sacr$ ties ( virtue1 honor1 & love ( our c\ntry1 z foll[s3 #b;d ,article4 ,we w nei!r import nor pur*ase any slaves import$ aft] ! fir/ day ( ,decemb] next1 aft] :i* "t we w :olly discont9ue ! slave trade1 & we w nei!r be conc]n$ 9 x ourselves1 nor w we hire our vessels1 nor sell our commodities or manufactures to ^? :o are conc]n$ 9 x4 ,! ,cont95tal ,congress1 9 #agge1 sett+ =? ! causes & ! necessity = tak+ up arms1 say3 ,if x 7 possible = m5 :o ex]cise _! reason to believe t ! div9e ,au?or ( our exi/5ce int5d$ a "p ( ! human race to hold an absolute prop]ty 91 & unb\nd$ p[] ov] o!rs1 c4 ,9 #aggf1 ,dr4 ,hopk9s1 !n at ! head ( ,new ,engl& div9es1 9 ,an ,address to ! own]s ( negro slaves 9 ! ,am]ican colonies1 says3 ,! conviction ( ! unju/ifiabl5ess ( ?is practice 7slav]y7 has be5 increas+1 & greatly spread+ ( late1 & _m :o h _h slaves1 h f\nd !mselves s unable to ju/ify _! own conduct 9 hold+ !m 9 bondage1 z to be induc$ to set !m at lib]ty4 99 99 99 99 ,slav]y is1 9 e in/ance1 wrong1 unrighte\s1 & oppressive--a v great & cry+ s9--!re be+ no?+ ( ! k9d equal to x on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,! same ye> ! ,am]ican ,congress issu$ a solemn ,,manife/o to ! _w4 ,^! 7 its fir/ words3 ,we hold ^! tru?s to be self-evid5t1 t all m5 are creat$ equal1 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among ^! are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,once1 ^! 7 words ( p[]2 n[1 a rhetorical fl\ri%4 ,! celebrat$ ,patrick ,h5ry ( ,virg9ia1 9 a lett]1 ( ,jan4 #ah1 #aggc1 to ,rob]t ,pleasants1 aft]w>ds presid5t ( ! ,virg9ia ,abolition ,society1 says3 ,believe me1 ,i %all honor ! ,quak]s = _! noble ef=ts to aboli% slav]y4 ,x is a debt we owe to ! purity ( our religion to %[ t x is at v>iance ) t law t w>rants slav]y4 ,i exhort y to p]sev]e 9 s wor?y a resolution4 ,9 #aggi1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress ord]$ a pamphlet to be publi%$1 entitl$1 ,obs]vations on ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,! great pr9ciple 7( gov]nm5t7 is & ev] w rema9 9 =ce1 t m5 are by nature free2 & s long z we h any idea ( div9e ju/ice1 we mu/ associate t ( human fre$om4 ,x is conc$$ on all h&s1 t ! "r to be free ,,c ,,nev] ,,be ,,ali5at$4 ,extract f ! ,p5nsylvania act = ! abolition ( slav]y1 pass$ ,m>* #a1 #aghj3 99 99 ,we conceive t x is our duty1 & we rejoice t x is 9 our p[]1 to ext5d a portion ( t fre$om to o!rs :i* has be5 ext5d$ to u4 ,wean$ by a long c\rse ( exp]i5ce f ^? n>r[ prejudices & p>tialities we _h imbib$1 we f9d our he>ts enl>g$ ) k9dness & b5evol5ce t[>ds m5 ( all conditions & nations3 99 99 99 ,!re=e be x enact$1 t no *ild born h]eaft] be a slave1 c4 ,jeff]son1 9 8 ,notes on ,virg9ia1 writt5 j be=e ! close ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 says3 ,i ?9k a *ange already p]ceptible s9ce ! orig9 ( ! pres5t revolution4 ,! _s ( ! ma/] is abat+1 t ( ! slave is ris+ f ! du/1 8 condition mollify+1 ! way ,i hope prep>+ "u ! auspices ( heav51 ,,= ,a ,,total ,,emancipation4 ,9 a lett] to ,dr4 ,price1 ( ,london1 :o _h j publi%$ a pamphlet 9 favor ( ! abolition ( slav]y1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 !n m9i/] at ,p>is1 7,augu/ #g1 #aghe17 says3 ,f ! m\? to ! head ( ! ,*esapeake1 ! bulk ( ! p w approve ( y\r pamphlet 9 !ory1 & x w f9d a respectable m9ority ready to adopt x 9 practice--a m9ority :i*1 = weight & wor? ( "*1 prepond]ates aga9/ ! great] numb]4 ,speak+ ( ,virg9ia1 he says3 ,?is is ! next /ate to :i* we may turn our eyes = ! int]e/+ spectacle ( ju/ice 9 conflict ) av>ice & oppression1--a conflict 9 :i* ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,side ,,is ,,ga9+ ,,daily ,,recruits4 ,be n1 !re=e1 disc\rag$--:at y h writt5 w d a great deal ( good2 & c\ld y /ill tr\ble y\rself ) our welf>e1 no man is m able to give aid to ! labor+ side4 ,! ,college ( ,william & ,m>y1 s9ce ! remodell+ ( its plan1 is ! place :]e are collect$ toge!r all ! "y m5 ( ,virg9ia1 "u prep>ation = public life4 ,!y are !re "u ! direction 7mo/ ( !m7 ( a ,mr4 ,wy!1 "o ( ! mo/ virtu\s ( *>act]s1 & ^: s5tim5ts on ! subject ( slav]y are unequivocal4 ,i am satisfi$1 if y c\ld resolve to address an exhortation to ^? "y m5 ) all t eloqu5ce ( :i* y are ma/]1 t its influ5ce on ! future decision ( ?is important "q w\ld be great1 p]haps decisive4 ,?us1 y see1 t s f> f ?9k+ y h cause to rep5t ( :at y h done1 ,i wi% y to d m1 & wi% x on an assurance ( its effect4--,jeff]son's ,po/hum\s ,works1 vol4 #a1 p4 #bfh4 ,9 #aghf1 ,john ,jay draft$ & sign$ a petition to ! ,legislature ( ,new ,york1 on ! subject ( slav]y1 beg9n+ ) ^! words3 ,y\r memoriali/s be+ deeply affect$ by ! situation ( ^?1 :o1 al?\gh ,,free ,,by ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,god1 are held 9 slav]y by ! laws ( ! ,/ate1 c4 ,?is memorial bore also ! signatures ( ! celebrat$ ,alex&] ,hamilton2 ,rob]t ,r4 ,liv+/on1 aft]w>d ,secret>y ( ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,*ancellor ( ! ,/ate ( ,new-,york2 ,james ,duane1 ,major ( ! ,city ( ,new-,york1 & _m o!rs ( ! mo/ em95t individuals 9 ! ,/ate4 ,9 ! preamble ( an in/rum5t1 by :i* ,mr4 ,jay emancipat$ a slave 9 #aghd1 is ! foll[+ passage3 ,:]eas1 ! *ildr5 ( m5 are by nature equally free1 & _c1 )\t inju/ice1 be ei!r r$uc$ to or ,,held 9 slav]y4 ,9 8 lett] :ile ,m9i/] at ,spa91 9 #aghf1 he says1 speak+ ( ! abolition ( slav]y3 ,till ,am]ica comes into ?is measure1 h] pray]s to heav5 w be ,,impi\s4 ,i believe ,god gov]ns ! _w2 & ,i believe x to be a maxim 9 81 z 9 our c\rt1 t ^? :o ask = equity ought to d x4 ,9 #aghe1 ! ,new-,york ,manumission ,society 0 =m$4 ,john ,jay 0 *os5 its fir/ ,presid5t1 & held ! (fice = five ye>s4 ,alex&] ,hamilton 0 its second ,presid5t1 & aft] hold+ ! (fice "o ye>1 resign$ ^u 8 removal to ,philadelphia z ,secret>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,treasury4 ,9 #aghg1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 w>m f ! discussions ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,u4,s4 con/itution1 0 *os5 ,presid5t1 & ,b5jam9 ,ru%1 ,secret>y--bo? sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,9 #aghi1 ! ,m>yl& ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,among its (fic]s 7 ,samuel ,*ace1 ,judge ( ! ,u4,s4 ,supreme ,c\rt1 & ,lu!r ,m>t91 a memb] ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,u4,s4 con/itution4 ,9 #agij1 ! ,connecticut ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,! fir/ ,presid5t 0 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/iles1 ,presid5t ( ,yale ,college1 & ! ,secret>y1 ,simeon ,baldw91 7! late ,judge ,baldw9 ( ,new ,hav547 ,9 #agia1 ?is ,society s5t a memorial to ,congress1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,f a sob] conviction ( ! unrighte\sness ( slav]y1 y\r petition]s h long beheld1 ) grief1 our fell[ m5 doom$ to p]petual bondage1 9 a c\ntry :i* boa/s ( h] fre$om4 ,y\r petition]s are fully ( op9ion2 t calm reflection w at la/ conv9ce ! _w1 t ! :ole sy/em ( ,african slav]y ,,is unju/ 9 its nature--impolitic 9 its pr9ciples--&1 9 its consequ5ces1 ru9\s to ! indu/ry & ent]prise ( ! citiz5s ( ^! ,/ates4 ,f a conviction ( ^? tru?s1 y\r petition]s 7 l$1 by motives1 we conceive1 ( g5]al philan?ropy1 to associate ourselves = ! protection & assi/ance ( ?is un=tunate "p ( our fell[ m52 &1 ?\gh ?is ,society has be5 lately e/abli%$1 x has n[ become g5]ally ext5sive ?r\gh ?is /ate1 &1 we fully believe1 embraces1 on ?is subject1 ! s5tim5ts ( a l>ge majority ( its citiz5s4 ,! same ye> ! ,virg9ia ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,?is ,society1 & ! ,m>yl& ,society1 _h auxili>ies 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ^? ,/ates4 ,bo? societies s5t up memorials to ,congress4 ,! memorial ( ! ,virg9ia ,society is head$--,! memorial ( ! ,virg9ia ,society1 = promot+ ! ,abolition ( ,slav]y1 c4 ,! foll[+ is an extract3 ,y\r memoriali/s1 fully believ+ t slav]y is n only an odi\s degradation1 b an outrage\s violation ( "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial rights ( human nature1 & utt]ly repugnant to ! precepts ( ! gospel1 lam5t t a practice s inconsi/5t ) true policy & ! inali5able rights ( m51 %\ld subsi/ 9 s enlight5$ an age1 & among a p pr(ess+1 t all mank9d are1 by nature1 equally entitl$ to fre$om4 ,ab\t ! same "t a ,society 0 =m$ 9 ,new ,j]sey4 ,x _h an act+ committee ( five memb]s 9 ea* c\nty 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ! preamble to its con/itution3 ,x is our boa/1 t we live "u a gov]nm5t :]e9 life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess1 are recogniz$ z ! univ]sal rights ( m52 & :il/ we are anxi\s to pres]ve ^! rights to ourselves1 & transmit !m inviolate1 to our po/]ity1 we abhor t inconsi/5t1 illib]al1 & int]e/$ policy1 :i* )holds ^? rights f an un=tunate & degrad$ class ( our fell[ creatures4 ,among o!r di/+ui%$ individuals :o 7 effici5t (fic]s ( ^! ,abolition ,societies1 & delegates f _! respective /ate societies1 at ! annual meet+s ( ! ,am]ican conv5tion = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 7 ,hon4 ,uriah ,tracy1 ,unit$ ,/ates' ,s5ator1 f ,connecticut2 ,hon4 ,zephaniah ,swift1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! same ,/ate2 ,hon4 ,ces> ,a4 ,rodney1 ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,hon4 ,james ,a4 ,bay>d1 ,unit$ ,/ates' ,s5ator1 f ,delaw>e2 ,gov]nor ,bloomfield1 ( ,new-,j]sey2 ,hon4 ,wm4 ,rawle1 ! late v5]able head ( ! ,philadelphia b>2 ,dr4 ,casp> ,wi/>1 ( ,philadelphia2 ,messrs4 ,fo/] & ,till+ha/1 ( ,rhode ,isl&2 ,messrs4 ,ridgely1 ,bu*anan1 & ,wilk9son1 ( ,m>yl&2 & ,messrs4 ,pleasants1 ,mc,lean1 & ,an?ony1 ( ,virg9ia4 ,9 ,july1 #aghg1 ! old ,congress pass$ ! celebrat$ ord9ance aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! nor?we/]n t]ritory1 & decl>+ t x %\ld nev] !reaft] exi/ !re4 ,?is ord9ance 0 pass$ :ile ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution 0 9 session4 ,at ! fir/ session ( ,congress "u ! con/itution1 ?is ord9ance 0 ratifi$ by a special act4 ,wa%+ton1 fre% f ! discussions ( ! conv5tion1 9 :i* m ?an =ty days _h be5 sp5t 9 adju/+ ! "q ( slav]y1 gave x 8 approval4 ,! act pass$ ) only "o diss5t+ voice1 7t ( ,mr4 ,yates1 ( ,new ,york17 ! ,s\? equally ) ! ,nor? av[+ ! fitness & exp$i5cy ( ! measure on g5]al consid]ations1 & indicat+ ?us e>ly ! l9e ( national policy1 to be pursu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,gov]nm5t on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,9 ! debates 9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion1 ,mr4 ,ir$ell1 aft]w>d a ,judge ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,supreme ,c\rt1 said1 ,:5 ! entire abolition ( slav]y takes place1 x w be an ev5t :i* mu/ be pleas+ to e g5]\s m9d & e fri5d ( human nature4 ,mr4 ,gall[ay said1 ,i wi% to see ?is abom9able trade put an end to4 ,i appreh5d ! clause 7t\*+ ! slave trade7 means to br+ =w>d manumission4 ,lu!r ,m>t91 ( ,m>yl&1 a memb] ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution1 said1 ,we ought to au?orize ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t to make su* regulations z %all be ?\ght mo/ advantage\s = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 & ! emancipation ( ! slaves :i* are already 9 ! ,/ates4 ,judge ,wilson1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 "o ( ! fram]s ( ! con/itution1 said1 9 ! ,p5nsylvania conv5tion ( '#hg1 ,deb4 ,pa4 ,con4 p4 #cjc1 #aef3 ,i consid] ?is 7! clause relative to ! slave trade7 z lay+ ! f\ndation = bani%+ slav]y out ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x w produce ! same k9d ( gradual *ange :i* 0 produc$ 9 ,p5nsylvania2 ! new /ates :i* are to be =m$ w be "u ! control ( ,congress 9 ?is p>ticul>1 & slaves w nev] be introduc$ among !m4 ,x pres5ts u ) ! pleas+ prospect t ! rights ( mank9d w be ackn[l$g$ & e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! ,union4 ,yet ! lapse ( a few ye>s1 & ,congress w h p[] to ext]m9ate slav]y )9 our bord]s4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion ( '#hg1 ,mr4 ,mason1 au?or ( ! ,virg9ia con/itution1 said1 ,! augm5tation ( slaves weak5s ! ,/ates1 & su* a trade is diabolical 9 itself1 & disgraceful to mank9d4 ,z mu* z ,i value a union ( all ! /ates1 ,i w\ld n admit ! s\!rn /ates1 7i4e41 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia17 into ! union1 unless !y agree to a discont9uance ( ?is disgraceful trade4 ,mr4 ,tyl] oppos$ ) great p[] ! clause prohibit+ ! abolition ( ! slave trade till #ahjh1 & said1 ,my e>ne/ desire is1 t x %all be h&$ d[n to po/]ity t ,i oppose ?is wick$ clause4 ,mr4 ,johnson said1 ,! pr9ciple ( emancipation has begun s9ce ! revolution4 ,let u d :at we w1 x w come r\nd4--,deb4 ,va4 ,con4 p4 #dfc4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 argu+ ! p[] ( ,congress "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,/ates1 said1 9 ! same conv5tion1 ,ano!r ?+ w contribute to br+ ?is ev5t 7! abolition ( slav]y7 ab\t4 ,slav]y is dete/$4 ,we feel its fatal effects2 we deplore x ) all ! pity ( humanity4--,deb4 ,va4 ,con4 p4 #dca4 ,9 ! ,mass4 ,con4 ( '#hh1 ,judge ,dawes said1 ,al?\gh slav]y is n smitt5 by an apoplexy1 yet x has receiv$ a mortal w\nd1 & w die ( consumption4--,deb4 ,mass4 ,con4 p4 #fj4 ,g5]al ,hea? said t1 ,slav]y 0 conf9$ to ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 x c\ld n be ext5d$4 ,by _! ord9ance1 ,congress _h decl>$ t ! new ,/ates %\ld be republican ,/ates1 & h no slav]y4--p4 #adg4 ,9 ! debate1 9 ! fir/ ,congress1 ,febru>y #aa? & #ab?1 #aghi1 on ! petitions ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 & ! ,p5nsylvania ,abolition ,society1 ,mr4 ,p>k]1 ( ,virg9ia1 said1 ,i _c help express+ ! pleasure ,i feel 9 f9d+ s consid]able a "p ( ! community att5d+ to matt]s ( su* a mom5t\s conc]n to ! future prosp]ity & happ9ess ( ! p ( ,am]ica4 ,i ?9k x my duty1 z a citiz5 ( ! ,union1 to esp\se _! cause4 ,mr4 ,page1 ( ,virg9ia1 7aft]w>d ,gov]nor7--,0 9 favor ( ! commitm5t2 he hop$ t ! designs ( ! respectable memoriali/s w\ld n be /opp$ at ! ?re%old1 9 ord] to preclude a fair discussion ( ! pray] ( ! memorial4 ,) respect to ! al>m t 0 appreh5d$1 he conjectur$ !re 0 none2 b !re might be j cause1 if ! memorial 0 n tak5 into consid]ation4 ,he plac$ himself 9 ! case ( a slave1 & said1 t on he>+ t ,congress _h refus$ to li/5 to ! dec5t sugge/ions ( a respectable "p ( ! community1 he %\ld inf]1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 f :i* 0 expect$ great good w\ld result to ,,e ,,class ( citiz5s1 _h %ut _! e>s aga9/ ! voice ( humanity1 & he %\ld despair ( any alleviation ( ! mis]ies he & 8 po/]ity _h 9 prospect2 if any ?+ c\ld induce him to rebel1 x mu/ be a /roke l ?is1 impress+ on 8 m9d all ! horrors ( despair4 ,b if he 0 told1 t application 0 made 9 8 behalf1 & t ,congress 7 will+ to he> :at c\ld be urg$ 9 favor ( disc\rag+ ! practice ( import+ 8 fell[-wret*es1 he w\ld tru/ 9 _! ju/ice & humanity1 & wait ! decision pati5tly4 ,mr4 ,scott ( ,p5nsylvania3 ,i _c1 = my "p1 conceive h[ any p]son c be said to acquire a prop]ty 9 ano!r4 ,let u argue on pr9ciples c\nt5anc$ by reason1 & becom+ humanity4 ,i d n "k h[ f> ,i might g1 if ,i 0 "o ( ! judges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ^? p 7 to came be=e me & claim _! emancipation1 b ,i am sure ,i w\ld g z f> z ,i c\ld4 ,mr4 ,burke1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 said1 ,he saw ! disposition ( ! ,h\se1 & he fe>$ x w\ld he ref]r$ to a committee1 maugre all _! opposition4 ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 said1 ,t on ent]+ into ?is gov]nm5t1 !y 7,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia7 appreh5d$ t ! o!r /ates1 99 99 w\ld1 f motives ( humanity & b5evol5ce1 be l$ to vote = a g5]al emancipation4 ,9 ! debate1 at ! same session1 ,may #ac?1 #aghi1 on ! petition ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds respect+ ! slave trade1 ,mr4 ,p>k]1 ( ,virg9ia1 said1 ,he hop$ ,congress w\ld d all t lay 9 _! p[] to re/ore to human nature its inh]5t privileges4 ,! inconsi/5cy 9 our pr9ciples1 ) :i* we are ju/ly *>g$ %\ld be done away4 ,mr4 ,jackson1 ( ,georgia1 said1 ,,x ,,0 ,,! ,,fa%ion ,,( ,,! ,,day ,,to ,,favor ,,! ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,! ,,slaves4 99 99 99 99 ,w ,virg9ia set h] negroes free8 ,:5 ?is practice comes to be tri$1 !n ! s\nd ( lib]ty w lose ^? *>ms :i* make x grateful to ! ravi%$ e>4 ,mr4 ,madison1 ( ,virg9ia1--,! dictates ( humanity1 ! pr9ciples ( ! p1 ! national safety & happ9ess1 & prud5t policy1 require x ( u4 99 99 99 99 ,i conceive ! con/itution 9 ?is p>ticul> 0 =m$ 9 ord] t ! ,gov]nm5t1 :il/ x 0 re/ra9$ f lay+ a total prohibition1 might be able to give "s te/imony ( ! s5se ( ,am]ica1 ) respect to ! ,african trade4 99 99 99 99 ,x is to be hop$1 t by express+ a national disapprobation ( ?is trade1 we may de/roy x1 & save ourselves f reproa*es1 ,,& ,,our ,,po/]ity ,,! ,,imbecility ,,ev] ,,att5dant ,,on ,a ,,c\ntry ,,fill$ ,,) ,,slaves4 ,if !re is any "o po9t 9 :i* x is cle>ly ! policy ( ?is nation1 s f> z we con/itutionally c1 to v>y ! practice obta9+ "u "s ( ! /ate gov]nm5ts1 x is ?is4 ,b x is c]ta9 a majority ( ! /ates are oppos$ to ?is practice4--,cong4 ,reg4 v4 #a1 p4 #cjh-ab4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,gazette ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,feb4 #bj?1 #agij1 7!n ! gov]nm5t pap]17 :o opposes ! abolition ( slav]y1 & av[s himself a slavehold]1 says1 ,i h se5 9 ! pap]s acc\nts ( l>ge associations1 & applications to ,gov]nm5t = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,religion1 humanity1 & ! g5]osity natural to a free p1 are ! noble pr9ciples :i* dictate ^? measures4 ,,su* ,,motives ,,comm& ,,respect1 ,,& ,,are ,,above ,,any ,,eulogium ,,words ,,c ,,be/[4 ,9 ! conv5tion t =m$ ! con/itution ( ,k5tucky 9 #agij1 ! ef=t to prohibit slav]y 0 ne>ly successful4 ,a decid$ majority ( t body w\ld und\bt$ly h vot$ = its exclusion1 b = ! great ef=ts & influ5ce ( two l>ge slavehold]s--m5 ( comm&+ tal5ts & sway--,messrs4 ,breck5ridge & ,ni*olas4 ,! foll[+ extract f a spee* made 9 t conv5tion by a memb] ( x1 ,mr4 ,rice a native ,virg9ian1 is a specim5 ( ! free discussion t prevail$ on t delicate subject4 ,said ,mr4 ,rice3 ,i d a man great] injury1 :5 ,i deprive him ( 8 lib]ty1 ?an :5 ,i deprive him ( 8 prop]ty4 ,x is va9 = me to plead t ,i h ! sanction ( law2 = ?is makes ! injury ! great]--x arms ! community aga9/ him1 & makes 8 case desp]ate4 ,! own]s ( su* slaves !n are lic5s$ robb]s1 & n ! j proprietors ( :at !y claim4 ,free+ !m is n depriv+ !m ( prop]ty1 b re/or+ x to ! "r own]4 ,9 ,am]ica1 a slave is a /&+ monum5t ( ! tyranny & inconsi/5cy ( human gov]nm5ts4 ,! ma/] is ! enemy ( ! slave2 he has made op5 w> ^u him1 ,,& ,,is ,,daily ,,c>ry+ ,,x ,,on 9 unremitt$ ef=ts4 ,c any "o imag9e1 !n1 t ! slave is indebt$ to 8 ma/]1 & b\nd to s]ve him8 ,:5ce c ! obligation arise8 ,:at is x f\nd$ ^u8 ,:at is my duty to an enemy t is c>ry+ on w> aga9/ me8 ,i d n d5y1 b 9 "s circum/ances1 x is ! duty ( ! slave to s]ve2 b x is a duty he owes himself1 & n 8 ma/]4 ,presid5t ,edw>ds1 ! y\ng]1 said1 9 a s]mon prea*$ be=e ! ,connecticut ,abolition ,society1 ,sept4 #ae1 #agia3 ,?irty ye>s ago1 sc>cely a man 9 ?is c\ntry ?\ght ei!r ! slave trade or ! slav]y ( negroes to be wrong2 b n[ h[ _m & able advocates 9 private life1 9 our legislatures1 9 ,congress1 h appe>$1 & h op5ly & irrefragably plead$ ! rights ( humanity 9 ?is z well z o!r in/ances8 ,& if we judge ( ! future by ! pa/1 )9 fifty ye>s f ?is "t1 x w be z %ameful = a man to hold a negro slave1 z to be guilty ( common robb]y or !ft4 ,9 #agid1 ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* adopt$ its ,scripture pro(s1 notes1 comm5ts1 c4 ,among ^! 0 ! foll[+3 #a ,tim4 i4 #aj4 ,! law is made = man/eal]s4 ,?is crime among ! ,jews expos$ ! p]petrators ( x to capital puni%m5t4 ,exodus xxi4 #af4 ,& ! apo/le "h classes !m ) s9n]s ( ! fir/ rank4 ,! ^w he uses1 9 its orig9al import compreh5ds all :o are conc]n$ 9 br++ any ( ! human race into slav]y1 or 9 reta9+ !m 9 x4 ,/eal]s ( m5 are all ^? :o br+ (f slaves or freem51 & keep1 sell1 or buy !m4 ,9 #agid1 ,dr4 ,ru% decl>$3 ,dome/ic slav]y is repugnant to ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x pro/rates e b5evol5t & j pr9ciple ( action 9 ! human he>t4 ,x is rebellion aga9/ ! au?ority ( a common ,fa!r4 ,x is a practical d5ial ( ! ext5t & efficacy ( ! dea? ( a common ,savior4 ,x is an usurpation ( ! pr]ogative ( ! great ,sov]eign ( ! univ]se1 :o has solemnly claim$ an exclusive prop]ty 9 ! s\ls ( m54 ,9 #agij1 ,mr4 ,fiske1 !n an (fic] ( ,d>tm\? ,college1 aft]w>d a ,judge 9 ,t5nessee1 said1 9 an oration publi%$ t ye>1 speak+ ( slaves3 ,i /eadfa/ly ma9ta91 t we mu/ br+ !m to an equal /&+1 9 po9t ( privileges1 ) ! :ites6 ,!y mu/ enjoy all ! rights belong+ to human nature4 ,:5 ! petition on ! abolition ( ! slave trade 0 "u discussion 9 ! ,congress ( '#hi1 ,mr4 ,br[n1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 said1 ,! emancipation ( ! slaves w be effect$ 9 "t2 x ought to be a gradual bus9ess1 b he hop$ t ,congress w\ld n precipitate x to ! great injury ( ! s\!rn ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,h>tley1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 said1 9 ! same debate1 ,he 0 n a little surpris$ to he> ! cause ( slav]y advocat$ 9 t h\se4 ,,wa%+ton1 9 a lett] to ,sir ,john ,s9clair1 says1 ,!re are1 9 ,p5nsylvania1 laws = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y :i* nei!r ,m>yl& nor ,virg9ia h at pres5t1 b :i* no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t !y mu/ h1 & at a p]iod ,,n ,,remote4 ,9 #aghb1 ,virg9ia pass$ h] celebrat$ manumission act4 ,)9 n9e ye>s f t "t ne>ly elev5 ?\s& slaves 7 volunt>ily emancipat$ by _! ma/]s4 ,judge ,tuck]'s ,diss]tation on ,slav]y1 p4 #gb4 ,9 #aghg1 ,m>yl& pass$ an act legaliz+ manumission4 ,mr4 ,dorsey1 ( ,m>yl&1 9 a spee* 9 ,congress1 ,decemb] #bg?1 #ahbf1 speak+ ( manumissions "u t act1 said1 t ,! progress ( emancipation 0 a/oni%+1 ! ,/ate became cr[d$ ) a free black population4 ,! celebrat$ ,william ,p9kney1 9 a spee* be=e ! ,m>yl& ,h\se ( ,delegates1 9 #aghi1 on ! emancipation ( slaves1 said1 ,sir1 by ! et]nal pr9ciples ( natural ju/ice1 no ma/] 9 ! /ate has a "r to hold 8 slave 9 bondage = a s+le h\r4444 ,i w\ld z soon believe ! incoh]5t tale ( a s*oolboy1 :o %\ld tell me he _h be5 fright5$ by a gho/1 z t ! grant ( ?is p]mission 7to emancipate7 ought 9 any degree to al>m u4 ,are we appreh5sive t ^! m5 w become m dang]\s by becom+ freem58 ,are we al>m$1 le/ by be+ admitt$ into ! enjoym5t ( civil rights1 !y w be inspir$ ) a deadly enmity aga9/ ! rights ( o!rs8 ,/range1 unacc\ntable p>adox6 ,h[ mu* m rational w\ld x be1 to argue t ! natural enemy ( ! privileges ( a freeman1 is he :o is robb$ ( !m himself6 ,di%onorable to ! species is ! idea t !y w\ld ev] prove injuri\s to our int]e/s--releas$ f ! %ackles ( slav]y1 by ! ju/ice ( gov]nm5t & ! b\nty ( individuals--! want ( fidelity & atta*m5t w\ld be next to impossible4 ,hon4 ,james ,campbell1 9 an address be=e ! ,p5nsylvania ,society ( ! ,c9c9nati1 ,july #d1 #aghg1 said1 ,our sep>ation f ,great ,brita9 has ext5d$ ! empire ( humanity4 ,! "t is n f> di/ant :5 our si/] /ates1 9 imitation ( our example1 %all turn _! vassals into freem54 ,! ,conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution be+ !n 9 session1 att5d$ at ! deliv]y ( ?is oration ) ,g5]al ,wa%+ton at _! head4 ,a ,baltimore pap] ( ,septemb] #h?1 #aghj1 conta9s ! foll[+ notice ( ,major ,g5]al ,gates3 ,a few days ago pass$ ?r\gh ?is t[n ! ,hon4 ,g5]al ,gates & lady4 ,! ,g5]al1 previ\s to leav+ ,virg9ia1 summon$ 8 num]\s family ( slaves ab\t him1 & amid/ _! te>s ( affection & gratitude1 gave !m _! ,,fre$om4 ,9 #agia ! univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 9 ,virg9ia1 conf]r$ ^u ,granville ,%>pe ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,laws4 ,%>pe 0 at t "t ! ackn[l$g$ head ( ,briti% abolitioni/s4 ,8 indefatigable ex]tions1 prosecut$ = ye>s 9 ! case ( ,som]set1 procur$ t memorable decision 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,k+'s ,b5*1 :i* settl$ ! pr9ciple t no slave c\ld be held 9 ,engl&4 ,he 0 mo/ uncompromis+ 9 8 opposition to slav]y1 & = tw5ty ye>s previ\s he _h spok51 writt51 & accompli%$ m aga9/ x ?an any man liv+4 ,9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> 9 ! ,s\!rn ,dep>tm5t1 by ,g54 ,lee1 ( ,va41 ,comm&ant ( ! ,p>tizan ,legion1 is ! foll[+3 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 adopt$ lately ) s mu* difficulty1 has effectually provid$ aga9/ ?is evil1 7by importation7 aft] a few ye>s4 ,x is mu* to be lam5t$ t hav+ done s mu* 9 ?is way1 a provision _h n be5 made = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y4--p4 #bcc1 #d4 ,mr4 ,tuck]1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,judge ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( t /ate1 & pr(essor ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 address$ a lett] to ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( t /ate1 9 #agif1 urg+ ! abolition ( slav]y2 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract4 ,speak+ ( ! slaves 9 ,virg9ia1 he says3 ,%\ld we n1 at ! "t ( ! revolution1 h loos$ _! *a9s & brok5 _! fett]s2 or if ! difficulties & dang]s ( su* an exp]im5t prohibit$ ! attempt1 dur+ ! convulsions ( a revolution1 is x n our duty1 to embrace ! fir/ mom5t ( con/itutional heal? & vigor to effectuate s desirable an object1 & to remove f u a /igma ) :i* our enemies w nev] fail to upbraid u1 nor our consci5ces to reproa* u8 ,mr4 ,faulkn]1 9 a spee* be=e ! ,virg9ia ,legislature1 ,jan4 #bj1 #ahcb1 said--,! idea ( a gradual emancipation & removal ( ! slaves f ?is commonweal?1 is coeval ) ! decl>ation ( our indep5d5ce f ! ,briti% yoke4 ,x sprung into exi/5ce dur+ ! fir/ session ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 subsequ5t to ! =mation ( y\r republican gov]nm5t4 ,:5 ,virg9ia /ood su/a9$ 9 h] legislation by ! pure & philosophic intellect ( ,p5dleton--by ! patriotism ( ,mason & ,lee--by ! se>*+ vigor & sagacity ( ,wy!1 & by ! all-embrac+1 all-compreh5sive g5ius ( ,?omas ,jeff]son6 ,sir1 x 0 a committee compos$ ( ^? five illu/ri\s m51 :o1 9 #aggg1 submitt$ to ! g5]al assembly ( ?is /ate1 !n 9 session1 a plan = ! gradual emancipation ( ! slaves ( ?is commonweal?4 ,hon4 ,b5jam9 ,watk9s ,leigh1 late ,unit$ ,/ates' s5ator f ,virg9ia1 9 8 lett]s to ! p ( ,virg9ia1 9 #ahcb1 sign$ ,appomattox1 p4 #dc1 says3 ,i ?\ght1 till v lately1 t x 0 kn[n to e body t dur+ ! ,revolution1 & = _m ye>s aft]1 ! abolition ( slav]y 0 a favorite topic ) _m ( our able/ /atesm51 :o ent]ta9$1 ) respect1 all ! s*emes :i* wisdom or +5uity c\ld sugge/ = accompli%+ ! object4 ,mr4 ,wy!1 to ! day ( 8 dea?1 0 = a simple abolition1 consid]+ ! objection to color z f\nd$ 9 prejudice4 ,by degrees1 all projects ( ! k9d 7 ab&on$4 ,mr4 ,jeff]son reta9$ 8 op9ion1 & n[ we h ^! projects reviv$4 ,gov]nor ,b>b\r1 ( ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee* 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 on ! ,miss\ri "q1 ,jan4 #ahbj1 said3--,we are ask$ :y has ,virg9ia *ang$ h] policy 9 ref]5ce to slav]y8 ,t ! s5tim5ts ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ m51 = ?irty ye>s entirely correspond$ ) ! c\rse :i* ! fri5ds ( ! re/riction 7( slav]y 9 ,miss\ri7 n[ advocat$2 & t ! ,virg9ia delegation1 "o ( :om 0 ! late ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 vot$ = ! re/riction1 7( slav]y7 9 ! nor?we/]n t]ritory1 & t ,mr4 ,jeff]son has del9eat$ a gloomy picture ( ! baneful effects ( slav]y4 ,:5 x is recollect$ t ! ,notes ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son 7 writt5 dur+ ! progress ( ! revolution1 x is no matt] ( surprise t ! writ] %\ld h imbib$ a l>ge portion ( t en?usiasm :i* su* an occasion 0 s well calculat$ to produce4 ,z to ! cons5t ( ! ,virg9ia delegation to ! re/riction 9 "q1 :e!r ! result ( a disposition to re/ra9 ! slave trade indirectly1 or ! influ5ce ( t en?usiasm to :i* ,i h j allud$1 99 99 99 99 x is n n[ important to decide4 ,we h witness$ its effects4 ,! lib]ality ( ,virg9ia1 or1 z ! result may prove1 h] folly1 :i* submitt$ to1 or1 if y w1 ,,propos$ ?is measure1 7abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,n4,w4 t]ritory7 has ev5tuat$ 9 effects :i* speak a monitory lesson4 ,h[ is ! repres5tation f ?is qu>t] on ! pres5t "q8 ,mr4 ,imlay1 9 8 e>ly hi/ory ( ,k5tucky1 p4 #ahe1 says3 ,we h disgrac$ ! fair face ( humanity1 & trampl$ ^u ! sacr$ privileges ( man1 at ! v mom5t t we 7 exclaim+ aga9/ ! tyranny ( y\r 7! ,engli%7 m9i/ry4 ,b 9 cont5d+ = ! bir?right ( fre$om1 we h le>n$ to feel = ! bondage ( o!rs1 & 9 ! libations we (f] to ! goddess ( lib]ty1 we contemplate an emancipation ( ! slaves ( ?is c\ntry1 z honorable to !mselves z x w be glori\s to u4 ,9 ! debate 9 ,congress1 ,jan1 #bj1 #ahjf1 on ,mr4 ,sloan's motion to lay a tax on ! importation ( slaves1 ,mr4 ,cl>k ( ,va4 said3 ,he 0 no advocate = a sy/em ( slav]y4 ,mr4 ,m>ion1 ( ,s4 ,c>ol9a1 said3 ,he nev] _h pur*as$1 nor %\ld he ev] pur*ase a slave4 ,mr4 ,s\?>d said3 ,n rev5ue1 b an expression ( ! national s5tim5t is ! pr9cipal object4 ,mr4 ,smilie--,i rejoice t ! ^w 7slave7 is n 9 ! con/itution2 its n be+ !re does honor to ! wor?ies :o w\ld n suff] x to become a "p ( x4 ,mr4 ,al/on1 ( ,n4 ,c>ol9a--,9 two ye>s we %all h ! p[] to prohibit ! trade altoge!r4 ,!n ?is ,h\se w be ,,unanim\s4 ,no "o w object to our ex]cis+ our full con/itutional p[]s4 ,national ,intellig5c]1 ,jan4 #bd1 #ahjf4 ,^! witnesses ne$ no v\*]s to entitle !m to cr$it2 nor _! te/imony comm5ts to make x intelligible--_! names are _! endors]s & _! /rong words _! own int]pret]s4 ,we wave all comm5ts4 ,our read]s are ( age4 ,:osoev] ha? e>s to he>1 let him ,,he>4 ,& :osoev] w n he> ! fa!rs ( ! revolution1 ! f\nd]s ( ! gov]nm5t1 its *ief magi/rates1 judges1 legislators & sages1 :o d>$ & p]il$ all "u ! burd5s1 & 9 ! heat ( ! day t tri$ m5's s\ls--!n nei!r w he be p]suad$ ?\gh ,,!y rose f ! dead4 ,"s ( ! po9ts e/abli%$ by ! te/imony are--,! univ]sal expectation t ! moral influ5ce ( ,congress1 ( /ate legislatures1 ( sem9>ies ( le>n+1 ( *ur*es1 ( ! m9i/]s ( religion1 & ( public s5tim5t widely embodi$ 9 abolition societies1 w\ld be ex]t$ aga9/ slav]y1 call+ =? by argum5t & appeal ! moral s5se ( ! nation1 & creat+ a p[] ( op9ion t w\ld aboli% ! sy/em ?r\gh\t ! union4 ,9 a ^w1 t free spee* & a free press w\ld be wield$ aga9/ slav]y )\t ceas+ & )\t re/riction4 ,full well did ! s\? "k1 n only t ! national gov]nm5t w\ld probably legislate aga9/ slav]y :]ev] ! con/itution plac$ x )9 its rea*1 b %e knew also t ,congress _h already m>k$ out ! l9e ( national policy to be pursu$ on ! subject--_h committ$ itself be=e ! _w to a c\rse ( action aga9/ slav]y1 :]ev] %e c\ld move ^u x )\t enc\nt]+ a conflict+ jurisdiction--t ! nation _h e/abli%$ by solemn ord9ance memorable prec$5t = subsequ5t action1 by aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! nor?we/ t]ritory1 & by decl>+ t x %\ld nev] !nce=w>d exi/ !re2 & ?is too1 z soon z by cession ( ,virg9ia & o!r /ates1 ! t]ritory came "u ,congressional control4 ,! s\? knew also t ! six? article 9 ! ord9ance prohibit+ slav]y 0 fir/ propos$ by ! l>ge/ slavehold+ /ate 9 ! conf$]acy--t ! *airman ( ! committee t report$ ! ord9ance 0 a slavehold]--t ! ord9ance 0 enact$ by ,congress dur+ ! session ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution--t ! provisions ( ! ord9ance 71 bo? :ile 9 prospect1 & :5 "u discussion1 matt]s ( univ]sal notoriety & approval ) all p>ties1 & :5 f9ally pass$1 receiv$ ! vote ( e memb] ( ,congress f ea* ( ! slavehold+ /ates4 ,! s\? also _h e reason = believ+ t ! fir/ ,congress "u ! con/itution w\ld ratify t ord9ance--z x did unanim\sly4 ,a cr[d ( reflections1 sugge/$ by ! prec$+ te/imony1 press = utt]ance4 ,! "r ( petition ravi%$ & trampl$ by its con/itutional gu>dians1 & insult & defiance hurl$ 9 ! faces ( ! ,,sov]eign ,,p :ile calmly remon/rat+ ) _! ,,s]vants = viol5ce committ$ on ! nation's *>t] & _! own de>e/ rights6 ,add to ?is ! "r ( peaceably assembl+ viol5tly wre/$--! rights ( m9orities1 rights no long]--free spee* /ruck dumb--free m5 outlaw$ & murd]$--free presses ca/ into ! /reets & _! fragm5ts /rew$ ) %\t+s1 or fl\ri%$ 9 triumph be=e ! gaze ( approv+ cr[ds z pr\d memb]s ( pro/rate law6 ,! _s & p[] ( our fa!rs1 :]e are !y8 ,_! deep homage always & e :]e r5d]$ to ,,free ,,?\ght1 ) its insep>able signs--free spee* & a free press--_! rev]5ce = ju/ice1 lib]ty1 rights & all-p]vad+ law1 :]e are !y8 ,b we turn f ^! consid]ations--?\gh ! times on :i* we h fall51 & ^? t[>ds :i* we are borne ) headlong ha/e1 call = _! discussion z ) ! voices ( dep>t+ life--& proce$ to topics relevant to ! argum5t be=e u4 ,! sev5? article ( ! am5dm5ts to ! con/itution is alleg$ to )hold f ,congress ! p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,no p]son %all be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law4 ,all ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict h be5 depriv$ ( lib]ty by legislative acts4 ,n[1 ^! legislative acts depriv+ !m ( lib]ty1 7 ei!r due process ( law1 or !y 7 n4 ,if !y 71 !n a legislative act1 tak+ f ! ma/] t prop]ty :i* is ! id5tical lib]ty previ\sly tak5 f ! slave1 w\ld be due process ( law also1 & ( c\rse a con/itutional act2 b if ! legislative acts depriv+ !m ( lib]ty 7 n due process ( law1 !n ! slaves 7 depriv$ ( lib]ty uncon/itutionally1 & ^! acts are void4 ,9 t case ! con/itution emancipates !m4 ,if ! objector reply1 by say+ t ! import ( ! phrase due process ( law1 is judicial process solely1 x is grant$1 & t fact is our rejo9d]2 = no slave 9 ! ,di/rict has be5 depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty by a judicial process1 or1 9 o!r words1 by due process ( law2 consequ5tly1 ^u ! objector's own admission1 e slave 9 ! ,di/rict has be5 depriv$ ( lib]ty uncon/itutionally1 & is !re=e free by ! con/itution4 ,?is is ass]t$ only ( ! slaves "u ! exclusive legislation ( ,congress4 ,! la/ clause ( ! article "u consid]ation is quot$ = ! same purpose3 ,nor %all private prop]ty be tak5 = public use )\t j comp5sation4 ,ea* ( ! /ate con/itutions has a clause ( simil> purport4 ,! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict by ,congress1 w\ld n1 z we %all pres5tly %[1 violate ?is clause ei!r directly or by implication4 ,grant+ = argum5t's sake1 t slaves are private prop]ty1 & t to emancipate !m1 w\ld be to take private prop]ty = public use1 ! objector admits ! p[] ( ,congress to d ?is1 provid$ x w d some?+ else1 t is1 pay = !m4 ,?us1 in/ead ( d5y+ ! p[]1 ! objector n only admits1 b affirms x1 z ! gr\nd ( ! inf]5ce t comp5sation mu/ accompany x4 ,s f> f disprov+ ! exi/5ce ( "o p[]1 ! objector ass]ts ! exi/5ce ( two--"o1 ! p[] to take ! slaves f _! ma/]s1 ! o!r1 ! p[] to take ! prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to pay = !m4 ,if ,congress _c con/itutionally impair ! "r ( private prop]ty1 or take x )\t comp5sation1 x _c con/itutionally1 legalise ! p]petration ( su* acts1 by o!rs1 nor protect ^? :o commit !m4 ,does ! p[] to rob a man ( 8 e>n+s1 rob ! e>n] ( 8 "r to !m8 ,:o has a bett] "r to ! product ?an ! produc]8--to ! int]e/1 ?an ! own] ( ! pr9cipal8--to ! h&s & arms1 ?an he f ^: %\ld]s !y sw+8--to ! body & s\l1 ?an he ^: !y are8 ,congress n only impairs b annihilates ! "r ( private prop]ty1 :ile x )holds f ! slaves ( ! ,di/rict _! title to !mselves4 ,:at6 ,congress p[]less to protect a man's "r to himself1 :5 x c make inviolable ! "r to a dog6 ,b1 wav+ ?is1 ,i d5y t ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict w\ld violate ?is clause4 ,:at does ! clause prohibit8 ,! tak+ ( private prop]ty = public use4 ,suppose ,congress %\ld emancipate ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict1 :at w\ld x take8 ,no?+4 ,:at w\ld x hold8 ,no?+4 ,:at w\ld x put to public use8 ,no?+4 ,in/ead ( tak+ private prop]ty1 ,congress1 by aboli%+ slav]y1 w\ld say private prop]ty %all n be tak52 & ^? :o h be5 robb$ ( x already1 %all be kept out ( x no long]2 & s9ce e man's "r to 8 own body is p>am\nt1 he %all be protect$ 9 x4 ,true1 ,congress may n arbitr>ily take prop]ty1 z prop]ty1 f "o man & give x to ano!r--& 9 ! abolition ( slav]y no su* ?+ is done4 ,a legislative act *anges ! condition ( ! slave--makes him 8 own proprietor in/ead ( ! prop]ty ( ano!r4 ,x det]m9es a "q ( orig9al "r betwe5 two classes ( p]sons--do+ an act ( ju/ice to "o1 & re/ra9+ ! o!r f acts ( inju/ice2 or1 9 o!r words1 prev5t+ "o f robb+ ! o!r1 by grant+ to ! injur$ p>ty ! protection ( j & equitable laws4 ,congress1 by an act ( abolition1 w\ld *ange ! condition ( sev5 ?\s& p]sons 9 ! ,di/rict1 b w\ld take no?+4 ,to con/rue ?is provision s z to enable ! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict to hold z prop]ty1 & 9 p]petuity1 :atev] !y please1 or to hold x z prop]ty 9 all circum/ances--all necessity1 public welf>e1 & ! w & p[] ( ! gov]nm5t to ! contr>y not)/&+--is a total p]v]sion ( its :ole int5t4 ,! design ( ! provision1 0 to ?r[ up a b>ri] aga9/ ,gov]nm5tal aggr&izem5t4 ,! "r to take prop]ty = ,/ate uses is "o ?+2--! "r s to adju/ ! t5ures by :i* prop]ty is held1 t ea* may h 8 own secur$ to him1 is ano!r ?+1 & cle>ly )9 ! scope ( legislation4 ,besides1 if ,congress 7 to take ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict1 x w\ld be adopt+1 n aboli%+ slav]y--becom+ a slavehold] itself1 in/ead ( requir+ o!rs to be su* no long]4 ,! clause 9 "q1 prohibits ! tak+ ( individual prop]ty = public uses1 to be employ$ or dispos$ ( z prop]ty = gov]nm5tal purposes4 ,congress1 by aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 w\ld d no su* ?+4 ,x w\ld m]ely *ange ! condition ( t :i* has be5 recognis$ z a qualifi$ prop]ty by congressional acts1 ?\gh previ\sly decl>$ p]sons by ! con/itution4 ,m ?an ?is is done cont9ually by ,congress & e o!r ,legislature4 ,prop]ty ! mo/ absolute & unqualifi$1 is annihilat$ by legislative acts4 ,! emb>go & non-int]c\rse act1 pro/rat$ at a /roke1 a =e/ ( %ipp+1 & sunk millions ( capital4 ,to say no?+ ( ! p[] ( ,congress to take hundr$s ( millions f ! p by direct taxation1 :o d\bts its p[] to aboli% at once ! :ole t>iff sy/em1 *ange ! seat ( ,gov]nm5t1 arre/ ! progress ( national works1 prohibit any bran* ( comm]ce ) ! ,indian tribes or ) =eign nations1 *ange ! locality ( =ts1 ars5als1 magaz9es1 dock y>ds1 c41 to aboli% ! ,po/ ,(fice sy/em1 ! privilege ( pat5ts & copyrights1 c4 ,by su* acts ,congress might1 9 ! ex]cise ( its ackn[l$g$ p[]s1 annihilate prop]ty to an incalculable am\nt1 & t )\t becom+ liable to claims = comp5sation4 ,f9ally1 ?is clause prohibits ! tak+ = public use ( prop]ty4 ,! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates does n recognise slaves z ,,prop]ty any :]e1 & x does n recognise !m 9 any s5se 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,all allusions to !m 9 ! con/itution recognise !m z p]sons4 ,e ref]5ce to !m po9ts solely to ! elem5t ( p]sonality2 & ?us1 by ! /ronge/ implication1 decl>es t ! con/itution kn[s !m only z p]sons1 & w n recognise !m 9 any o!r light4 ,if !y escape into free ,/ates1 ! con/itution au?orizes _! be+ tak5 back4 ,b h[8 ,n z ! prop]ty ( an own]1 b z p]sons2 & ! peculi>ity ( ! expression is a m>k$ recognition ( _! p]sonality--a refusal to recognise !m z *attels--p]sons held to s]vice4 ,are ox5 held to s]vice8 ,t c be affirm$ only ( p]sons4 ,aga91 slaves give political p[] z p]sons4 ,! con/itution1 9 settl+ ! pr9ciple ( repres5tation1 requires _! enum]ation 9 ! c5sus4 ,h[8 ,z prop]ty8 ,!n :y n include race horses & game cocks8 ,slaves1 l o!r inhabitants1 are enum]at$ z p]sons4 ,s by ! con/itution1 ! gov]nm5t 0 pl$g$ to non-int]f]5ce ) ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z ! ,/ates might ?9k prop] to admit until #ahjh1 & au?oriz$ ! lay+ ( a tax on ea* p]son s admitt$4 ,fur!r1 slaves are recognis$ z p]sons by ! exaction ( _! allegiance to ! gov]nm5t4 ,= (f5ces aga9/ ! gov]nm5t slaves are tri$ z p]sons2 z p]sons !y are entitl$ to c\nsel = _! def5ce1 to ! rules ( evid5ce1 & to due process ( law1 & z p]sons !y are puni%$4 ,true1 !y are load$ ) cruel disabilities 9 c\rts ( law1 su* z greatly ob/ruct & (t5 inevitably defeat ! ends ( ju/ice1 yet !y are /ill recognis$ z p]sons4 ,ev5 9 ! legislation ( ,congress1 & 9 ! diplomacy ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 not)/&+ ! frequ5t & wide dep>tures f ! integrity ( ! con/itution on ?is subject1 slaves are n recognis$ z prop]ty )\t qualification4 ,congress has always refus$ to grant comp5sation = slaves kill$ or tak5 by ! enemy1 ev5 :5 ^! slaves _h be5 impress$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates' s]vice4 ,9 half a score ( cases s9ce ! la/ w>1 ,congress has reject$ su* applications = comp5sation4 ,besides1 bo? 9 ,congressional acts1 & 9 our national diplomacy1 slaves & prop]ty are n us$ z conv]tible t]ms4 ,:5 m5tion$ 9 treaties & /ate pap]s x is 9 su* a way z to di/+ui% !m f m]e prop]ty1 & g5]ally by a recognition ( _! p]sonality4 ,9 ! inv>iable recognition ( slaves z p]sons1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution caught ! mantle ( ! glori\s ,decl>ation1 & mo/ wor?ily we>s x4--,x recognizes all human be+s z m51 p]sons1 & ?us z equals4 ,9 ! orig9al draft ( ! ,decl>ation1 z x came f ! h& ( ,jeff]son1 x is alleg$ t ,great ,brita9 _h wag$ a cruel w> aga9/ human nature itself1 violat+ its mo/ sacr$ rights ( life & lib]ty 9 ! p]sons ( a di/ant p1 c>ry+ !m into slav]y1 99 99 det]m9$ to keep up a m>ket :]e ,,m5 %\ld be b\ght & sold1--?us disda9+ to make ! *>t] ( fre$om a w>rant = ! arre/ ( m51 t !y might be %orn bo? ( lib]ty & humanity4 ,! celebrat$ ,rog] ,%]man1 "o ( ! committee ( five appo9t$ to draft ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 & also a memb] ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution1 said1 9 ! fir/ ,congress aft] its adoption3 ,! con/itution does n consid] ^! p]sons1 7slaves17 z a species ( prop]ty4--,lloyd's ,cong4 ,reg4 v4 #a1 p4 #cac4 ,t ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution does n make slaves prop]ty1 is %[n 9 ! fact t no p]son1 ei!r z a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or by hav+ 8 domicile )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t1 c hold slaves4 ,he c hold !m only by d]iv+ 8 p[] f /ate laws1 or f ! laws ( ,congress1 if he hold slaves )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,b no p]son resid5t )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' jurisdiction1 & n )9 ! ,di/rict1 nor )9 a /ate ^: laws support slav]y1 nor held to s]vice "u ! laws ( su* /ate or di/rict1 hav+ escap$ !refrom1 c be held z a slave4 ,m5 c hold prop]ty "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t ?\gh resid+ beyond ! b\nds ( any /ate1 di/rict1 or t]ritory4 ,an inhabitant ( ! ,wiscons9 ,t]ritory c hold prop]ty !re "u ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b he _c hold slaves !re "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates' laws1 nor by virtue ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution1 nor ^u ! gr\nd ( 8 ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5%ip1 nor by hav+ 8 domicile )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' jurisdiction4 ,! con/itution no :]e recognizes ! "r to slave prop]ty1 b m]ely ! fact t ! /ates h jurisdiction ea* 9 its own limits1 & t !re are c]ta9 p]sons )9 _! jurisdictions held to s]vice by _! own laws4 ,f9ally1 9 ! clause "u consid]ation1 private prop]ty is n to be tak5 )\t j comp5sation4 ,,j6 ,if ju/ice is to be appeal$ to 9 det]m9+ ! am\nt ( comp5sation1 let h] det]m9e ! gr\nds also4 ,if x be h] prov9ce to say h[ mu* comp5sation is j1 x is h]s to say :e!r any is j1--:e!r ! slave is j prop]ty at all1 r ?an a p]son4 ,!n1 if ju/ice adjudges ! slave to be private prop]ty1 x adjudges him to be 8 own prop]ty1 s9ce ! "r to "o's self is ! fir/ "r--! s\rce ( all o!rs--! orig9al /ock by :i* !y are accumulat$--! pr9cipal1 ( :i* !y are ! int]e/4 ,& s9ce ! slave's private prop]ty has be5 tak51 & s9ce comp5sation is impossible--!re be+ no equival5t = "o's self--! lea/ t c be done is to re/ore to him 8 orig9al private prop]ty4 ,hav+ %[n t 9 aboli%+ slav]y1 prop]ty w\ld n be tak5 = public use1 x may be add$ t1 9 ^? /ates :]e slav]y has be5 aboli%$ by law1 no claim = comp5sation has be5 all[$4 ,inde$ ! manife/ absurdity ( dem&+ x1 seems to h q =/all$ ! sett+ up ( su* a claim4 ,! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 in/ead ( be+ a legislative anomaly1 w\ld proce$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( e day legislation4 ,x has be5 %[n already1 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution does n recognize slaves z prop]ty4 ,yet ord9>y legislation is full ( prec$5ts1 %[+ t ev5 absolute prop]ty is 9 _m respects :olly subject to legislation4 ,! repeal ( ! law ( entailm5ts--all ^? acts t control ! ali5ation ( prop]ty1 its disposal by w1 its pass+ to heirs by desc5t1 ) ! "q1 :o %all be heirs1 & :at %all be ! rule ( di/ribution among !m1 or :e!r prop]ty %all be transmitt$ at all by desc5t1 r ?an es*eat to ! /ate--^!1 ) /atutes ( limitation1 & v>i\s o!r classes ( legislative acts1 s]ve to illu/rate ! ackn[l$g$ scope ( ! law-mak+ p[]1 ev5 :]e prop]ty is 9 e s5se absolute4 ,p]sons ^: prop]ty is ?us affect$ by public laws1 receive f ! gov]nm5t no comp5sation = _! losses1 unless ! /ate has be5 put 9 possession ( ! prop]ty tak5 f !m4 ,! preamble ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution decl>es x to be a fundam5tal object ( ! organization ( ! gov]nm5t to ,,e/abli% ,,ju/ice4 ,has ,congress no p[] to d t = :i* x 0 made ! depository ( p[]8 ,,_c ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,gov]nm5t fulfil ! purpose = :i* x 0 br\ght into be+8 ,to aboli% slav]y1 is to take f no rightful own] 8 prop]ty2 b to e/abli% ju/ice betwe5 two p>ties4 ,to emancipate ! slave1 is to e/abli% ju/ice betwe5 him & 8 ma/]--to ?r[ ar\nd ! p]son1 "*1 consci5ce1 lib]ty1 & dome/ic relations ( ! "o1 ! same law t secures & blesses ! o!r4 ,9 o!r words1 to prev5t by legal re/ra9ts "o class ( m5 f seiz+ ^u ano!r class1 & robb+ !m at pleasure ( _! e>n+s1 _! "t1 _! lib]ty1 _! k9dr$1 & ! v use & own]%ip ( _! own p]sons4 ,f9ally1 to aboli% slav]y is to proclaim & enact t innoc5ce & helplessness--n[ free plund]--are entitl$ to legal protection2 & t p[]1 av>ice1 & lu/1 %all no long] gorge ^u _! spoils "u ! lic5se1 & by ! m9i/rations ( law6 ,congress1 by possess+ exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 has a g5]al protective p[] = ,,all ! inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict4 ,if x has no p[] to protect "o man1 x has none to protect ano!r--none to protect any--& if x c protect "o man & is b\nd to protect him1 x c protect e man--all m5--& is b\nd to d x4 ,all admit ! p[] ( ,congress to protect ! ma/]s 9 ! ,di/rict aga9/ _! slaves4 ,:at "p ( ! con/itution gives ! p[]8 ,! clause s (t5 quot$1--p[] ( legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 equally 9 ! case ( def5d+ ! blacks aga9/ ! :ites1 z 9 t ( def5d+ ! :ites aga9/ ! blacks4 ,! p[] is giv5 also by ,art4 #a1 ,sec4 #h1 clause #ae--;,congress %all h p[] to suppress insurrections--a p[] to protect1 z well blacks aga9/ :ites1 z :ites aga9/ blacks4 ,if ! con/itution gives p[] to protect "o class aga9/ ! o!r1 x gives p[] to protect ei!r aga9/ ! o!r4 ,suppose ! blacks 9 ! ,di/rict %\ld seize ! :ites1 drive !m into ! fields & kit*5s1 =ce !m to "w )\t pay1 flog !m1 imprison !m1 & sell !m at _! pleasure1 :]e w\ld ,congress f9d p[] to re/ra9 su* acts8 ,answ]2 a g5]al p[] 9 ! clause s (t5 cit$1 & an express "o 9 t cit$ above--,congress %all h p[] to suppress insurrections4 ,s mu* = a suppos$ case4 ,"h foll[s a real "o4 ,! :ites 9 ! ,di/rict are p]petrat+ ^! id5tical acts ^u sev5 ?\s& blacks daily4 ,t ,congress has p[] to re/ra9 ^! acts 9 "o case1 all ass]t1 & 9 s do+ !y ass]t ! p[] 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,= ! grant ( p[] to suppress insurrections1 is an unconditional grant1 n hamp]$ by provisos z to ! color1 %ape1 size1 sex1 language1 cre$1 or condition ( ! insurg5ts4 ,congress d]ives its p[] to suppress ?is actual insurrection1 f ! same s\rce :5ce x d]iv$ its p[] to suppress ! same acts 9 ! case suppos$4 ,if "o case is an insurrection1 ! o!r is4 ,! acts 9 bo? are ! same2 ! actors only are diff]5t4 ,9 ! "o case1 ignorant & degrad$--goad$ by ! memory ( ! pa/1 /ung by ! pres5t1 & driv5 to desp]ation by ! fe>ful look+ = ( wrongs = ev] to come4 ,9 ! o!r1 enlight5$ into ! nature ( rights1 ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 & ! dictates ( ! law ( love1 unprovok$ by wrongs1 ) cool delib]ation1 & by sy/em1 !y p]petrate ^! acts ^u ^? to :om !y owe unnumb]$ obligations = :ole lives ( unrequit$ s]vice4 ,on :i* side may palliation be plead$1 & :i* p>ty may mo/ reasonably claim an abatem5t ( ! rigors ( law8 ,if ,congress has p[] to suppress su* acts at all1 x has p[] to suppress !m 9 all4 ,x has be5 %[n already t allegiance is exact$ ( ! slave4 ,is ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates unable to grant protection :]e x exacts allegiance8 ,x is an axiom ( ! civiliz$ _w1 & a maxim ev5 ) savages1 t allegiance & protection are reciprocal & correlative4 ,are pr9ciples p[]less ) u :i* exact homage ( b>b>ians8 ,protection is ! ,,con/itutional ,,"r ( e human be+ "u ! exclusive legislation ( ,congress :o has n =feit$ x by crime4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i argue ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 f ,art4 #a1 sec1 #h1 clause #a1 ( ! con/itution2 ,congress %all h p[] to provide = ! common def5ce & ! g5]al welf>e ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,has ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates no p[] "u ?is grant1 to legislate )9 its own exclusive jurisdiction on subjects t vitally affect its int]e/s8 ,suppose ! slaves 9 ! di/rict %\ld rise ^u _! ma/]s1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t1 9 quell+ ! insurrection1 %\ld kill any numb] ( !m4 ,c\ld _! ma/]s claim comp5sation ( ! gov]nm5t8 ,manife/ly n2 ev5 ?\gh no pro( exi/$ t ! p>ticul> slaves kill$ 7 insurg5ts4 ,?is 0 precisely ! po9t at issue betwe5 ^? ma/]s1 ^: slaves 7 kill$ by ! ,/ate troops at ! "t ( ! ,s\?ampton insurrection1 & ! ,virg9ia ,legislature3 no evid5ce 0 br\ght to %[ t ! slaves kill$ by ! troops 7 insurg5ts2 yet ! ,virg9ia ,legislature decid$ t _! ma/]s 7 n entitl$ to comp5sation4 ,!y proce$$ on ! s\nd pr9ciple1 t a gov]nm5t may 9 self-protection de/roy ! claim ( its subjects ev5 to t :i* has be5 recogniz$ z prop]ty by its own acts4 ,if 9 provid+ = ! common def5ce1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t1 9 ! case suppos$1 w\ld h p[] to de/roy slaves bo? z prop]ty & p]sons1 x surely might /op half-way1 de/roy !m z prop]ty :ile x legaliz$ _! exi/5ce z p]sons1 & ?us provid$ = ! common def5ce by giv+ !m a p]sonal & p[]ful int]e/ 9 ! gov]nm5t1 & secur+ _! /r5g? = its def5ce4 ,l o!r ,legislatures1 ,congress has p[] to abate nuisances--to remove or te> d[n unsafe build+s--to de/roy infect$ c>goes--to lay injunctions ^u manufactories injuri\s to ! public heal?--& ?us to provide = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e by de/roy+ individual prop]ty1 :5 su* prop]ty puts 9 jeop>dy ! public weal4 ,grant+1 = argum5t's sake1 t slaves are prop]ty 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia--if ,congress has a "r to annihilate prop]ty 9 ! ,di/rict :5 ! public safety requires x1 x may surely annihilate its exi/5ce z prop]ty :5 ! public safety requires x1 especially if x trans=m into a protection & def5ce t :i* z prop]ty p]ill$ ! public int]e/s4 ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia !re are1 besides ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,capitol1 ! ,presid5t's h\se1 ! national (fices1 c4 ( ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,/ate1 ,treasury1 ,w>1 & ,navy1 ! ,g5]al ,po/-(fice1 & ,pat5t ,(fice4 ,x is also ! resid5ce ( ! ,presid5t1 all ! highe/ (fic]s ( ! gov]nm5t1 bo? h\ses ( ,congress1 & all ! =eign ambassadors4 ,9 ?is same ,di/rict !re are also sev5 ?\s& slaves4 ,jeff]son1 9 8 ,notes on ,va4 p4 #bda1 says ( slav]y1 t ! ,/ate p]mitt+ "o half ( its citiz5s to trample on ! rights ( ! o!r1 trans=ms !m into enemies2 & ,ri*>d ,h5ry ,lee1 9 ! ,va4 h\se ( ,burgesses 9 #ageh1 decl>$ t to ^? :o held !m1 slaves mu/ be natural enemies4 ,is ,congress s impot5t t x _c ex]cise t "r pron\nc$ bo? by municipal & national law1 ! mo/ sacr$ & univ]sal--! "r ( self-pres]vation & def5ce8 ,is x %ut up to ! necessity ( keep+ sev5 ?\s& enemies 9 ! he>t ( ! nation's citadel8 ,does ! iron fiat ( ! con/itution doom x to su* imbecility t x _c arre/ ! process t made !m enemies1 & /ill goads to deadli] hate by fi]y trials1 & day by day adds o!rs to _! numb]8 ,is ?is provid+ = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e8 ,if to rob m5 ( rights excites _! hate1 freely to re/ore !m & make am5ds1 w w9 _! love4 ,by emancipat+ ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld disb& an army ( enemies1 & enli/ = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e1 a body gu>d ( fri5ds sev5 ?\s& /rong4 ,9 ! la/ ye>1 a h&ful ( ,briti% soldi]s sack$ ,wa%+ton city1 burn$ ! capitol1 ! ,presid5t's h\se1 & ! national (fices & ar*ives2 & no m>vel1 = ?\s&s ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict _h be5 ,,trans=m$ ,,into ,,enemies4 ,w\ld !y beat back invasion8 ,if ! national gov]nm5t _h ex]cis$ its con/itutional p[] to provide = ! common def5ce & to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 by turn+ ^? enemies into fri5ds1 !n1 in/ead ( a ho/ile ambu% lurk+ 9 e ?icket invit+ assault1 & secret foes 9 e h\se p>alyz+ def5ce1 an army ( allies w\ld h ralli$ 9 ! h\r ( h] calamity1 & %\t$ defiance f _! munitions ( rocks2 :il/ ! bann] ( ! republic1 !n trampl$ 9 du/1 w\ld h float$ securely ov] ,,freem5 exult+ amid/ bulw>ks ( /r5g?4 ,to %[ t ,congress c aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 "u ! grant ( p[] to provide = ! common def5ce & to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 ,i quote an extract f a spee* ( ,mr4 ,madison1 ( ,va41 9 ! fir/ ,congress "u ! con/itution1 ,may #ac1 #aghi4 ,speak+ ( ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 ,mr4 ,madison says3 ,i %\ld v5ture to say x is z mu* = ! int]e/s ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 z ( any /ate 9 ! union4 ,e addition !y receive to _! numb] ( slaves t5ds to weak5 !m1 & r5d]s !m less capable ( self-def5ce4 ,9 case ( ho/ilities ) =eign nations1 !y w be ! means ( invit+ attack in/ead ( repell+ invasion4 ,x is a necess>y duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to protect e "p ( ! empire aga9/ dang]1 z well int]nal z ext]nal4 ,e ?+1 !re=e1 :i* t5ds to increase ?is dang]1 ?\gh x may be a local affair1 yet if x involves national exp5se or safety1 x becomes ( conc]n to e "p ( ! union1 & is a prop] subject = ! consid]ation ( ^? *>g$ ) ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,see ,cong4 ,reg4 vol4 #a1 p4 #caj1 #aa4 ,,po/script ,my apology = add+ a po/script1 to a discussion already p]haps too protract$1 is ! fact t ! prec$+ %eets 7 9 ! h&s ( ! pr9t]1 & all b ! conclud+ pages _h gone ?r\gh ! press1 be=e ! passage ( ,mr4 ,calh\n's late resolutions 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a proce$+ s extraord9>y1--if inde$ ! "t has n pass$ :5 any acts ( ,congress 9 d]ogation ( fre$om & 9 def]5ce to slav]y1 c be deem$ extraord9>y1--%\ld n be suff]$ to pass 9 sil5ce at su* a crisis z ! pres5t2 especially z ! passage ( "o ( ! resolutions by a vote ( #cf to #i1 exhibits a %ift ( position on ! "p ( ! ,s\?1 z sudd5 z x is unacc\ntable1 be+ no?+ less ?an ! surr5d] ( a =tress :i* until !n !y _h def5d$ ) ! p]t9acity ( a bl9d & almo/ infuriat$ fatuity4 ,^u ! discussions dur+ ! p5d5cy ( ! resolutions1 & ^u ! vote1 by :i* !y 7 c>ri$1 ,i make no comm5t1 save only to record my exultation 9 ! fact !re exhibit$1 t great em]g5cies are true t\*/ones1 & t h5ce=w>d1 until ?is "q is settl$1 :oev] holds a seat 9 ,congress w f9d ^u1 & all ar\nd him1 a pressure /rong en\gh to ,,te/ him--a focal blaze t w f9d its way ?r\gh ! c>efully adju/$ cloak ( fair pret5sion1 & ! sev5fold brass ( two-fac$ political intrigue1 & no-fac$ non-committalism1 pi]c+ to ! divid+ asund] ( jo9ts & m>r[4 ,be x kn[n to e nor!rn man :o aspires to a seat 9 ,congress1 t h]eaft] x is ! de/9y ( congressional action on ?is subject1 to be a ,,mighty ,,revelator--mak+ secret ?\ghts public prop]ty1 & proclaim+ on ! h\se-tops :at is :isp]$ 9 ! e>--smit+ (f masks1 & bur/+ op5 sepul*res beautiful outw>dly1 & heav+ up to ! sun _! dead m5's bones4 ,to su* we say1--,rememb] ! ,miss\ri ,"q1 & ! fate ( ^? :o !n sold ! ,nor?1 & _! own bir?right6 ,pass+ by ! resolutions g5]ally )\t rem>k--! att5tion ( ! read] is specially solicit$ to ,mr4 ,clay's sub/itute = ,mr4 ,calh\n's fif? resolution4 ,resolv$1 ,t :5 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 0 c$$ by ! /ates ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dome/ic slav]y exi/$ 9 bo? ( ^! /ates1 includ+ ! c$$ t]ritory1 & t1 z x /ill cont9ues 9 bo? ( !m1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ )9 ! ,di/rict )\t a violation ( t good fai?1 :i* 0 impli$ 9 ! cession & 9 ! acceptance ( ! t]ritory2 nor1 unless comp5sation 7 made to ! proprietors ( slaves1 )\t a manife/ infr+em5t ( an am5dm5t to ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 nor )\t excit+ a degree ( j al>m & appreh5sion 9 ! /ates recogniz+ slav]y1 f> transc5d+ 9 mis*iev\s t5d5cy1 any possible b5efit :i* c\ld be accompli%$ by ! abolition4 ,by vot+ = ?is resolution1 ! s\?1 by a simultane\s movem5t1 %ift$ its mode ( def5se1 n s mu* by tak+ a position entirely new1 z by attempt+ to re=tify an old "o--nev] mu* tru/$ 91 & ab&on$ ma9ly long ago1 z be+ unable to hold out aga9/ assault h[ev] unskilfully direct$4 ,9 ! debate on ?is resolution1 ?\gh ! s\!rn memb]s ( ,congress did n pr(ess$ly retreat f ! gr\nd hi!rto ma9ta9$ by !m--t ,congress has no p[] by ! con/itution to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict--yet 9 ! ma9 !y sil5tly drew (f f x4 ,! passage ( ?is resolution--) ! vote ( e s\!rn s5ator1 =ms a new era 9 ! discussion ( ?is "q4 ,we _c jo9 9 ! lam5tations ( ^? :o bewail x4 ,we hail x1 & rejoice 9 x4 ,x 0 z we w\ld h _h x--(f]$ by a s\!rn s5ator1 advocat$ by s\!rn s5ators1 & on ! gr\nd t x 0 no compromise--t x embodi$ ! true s\!rn pr9ciple--t ?is resolution /ood on z high gr\nd z ,mr4 ,calh\n's--7,mr4 ,pre/on7--t ,mr4 ,clay's resolution 0 z /rong z ,mr4 ,calh\n's--7,mr4 ,rives7--t ! resolution he 7,mr4 ,calh\n7 n[ refus$ to support1 0 z /rong z 8 own1 & t 9 support+ x1 !re 0 no ab&onm5t ( pr9ciple by ! s\?4--7,mr4 ,walk]1 ( ,mi47--fur!r1 t x 0 advocat$ by ! s\!rn s5ators g5]ally z an expression ( _! views1 & z sett+ ! "q ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict on its true gr\nd--t f9ally :5 ! "q 0 tak51 e slavehold+ s5ator1 includ+ ,mr4 ,calh\n himself1 vot$ = ! resolution4 ,by pass+ ?is resolution1 & ) su* av[als1 ! s\? has surr5d]$ irrevocably ! :ole "q at issue betwe5 !m & ! petition]s = abolition 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,x has1 unwitt+ly b explicitly1 conc$$ ! ma9 "q argu$ 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,! only gr\nd tak5 aga9/ ! "r ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict is1 t x exi/$ 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia :5 ! cession 0 made1 & z x /ill cont9ues 9 bo? ( !m1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ )\t a violation ( t good fai? :i* 0 impli$ 9 ! cession4 c4 ,! sole argum5t is n t exclusive sov]eignty has no p[] to aboli% slav]y )9 its jurisdiction1 nor t ! p[]s ( ev5 ord9>y legislation _c d x1--nor t ! clause grant+ ,congress exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict1 gives no p[] to d x2 b t ! unexpress$ expectation ( "o ( ! p>ties t ! o!r w\ld n 9 all cases use ! p[] :i* said p>ty _h cons5t$ might be us$ 9 all cases1 prohibits ! use ( x4 ,! only c>d9al po9t 9 ! discussion1 is "h n only yield$1 b =mally laid d[n by ! ,s\? z ! lead+ article 9 _! cre$ on ! "q ( ,congressional jurisdiction ov] slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! sole reason giv5 :y ,congress %\ld n aboli%1 & ! sole evid5ce t if x did1 su* abolition w\ld be a violation ( good fai?1 is t slav]y /ill cont9ues 9 ^? /ates1--?us explicitly admitt+1 t if slav]y did n /ill cont9ue 9 ^? ,/ates1 ,congress c\ld aboli% x 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! same admission is made also 9 ! premises1 :i* /ate t slav]y exi/$ 9 ^? /ates at ! "t ( ! cession1 c4 ,admitt+ t if x _h n exi/$ !re !n1 b _h gr[n up 9 ! ,di/rict "u ,unit$ ,/ates' laws1 ,congress might con/itutionally aboli% x4 ,or t if ! c$$ p>ts ( ^? /ates _h be5 ! only p>ts 9 :i* slaves 7 held "u _! laws1 ,congress might h aboli%$ 9 su* a cont+5cy also4 ,! cession 9 t case leav+ no slaves 9 ^? /ates1--no good fai?1 w\ld be impli$ 9 x1 nor any violat$1 by an act ( abolition4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! resolution makes ?is fur!r admission1 t if ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia %\ld at once aboli% _! slav]y1 ,congress might at once aboli% x 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! pr9ciple goes ev5 fur!r ?an ?is1 & requires ,congress 9 su* case to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict by ! good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession & acceptance ( ! t]ritory4 ,s9ce1 accord+ to ! _s & scope ( ! resolution1 ?is impli$ good fai? ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia 9 mak+ ! cession1 0 t ,congress w\ld d no?+ )9 ! ,di/rict :i* %\ld g to c\nt]act ! policy1 or br+ into disrepute ! in/itutions1 or call 9 "q ! usages1 or ev5 9 any way ruffle ! prejudices ( ^? /ates1 or d :at !y might ?9k w\ld unfavorably be> ^u _! int]e/s2 !mselves ( c\rse be+ ! judges4 ,b let u dissect ano!r limb ( ! resolution4 ,:at is to be und]/ood by t good fai? :i* 0 ,,impli$8 ,x is ( c\rse an admission t su* a condition 0 n express$ 9 ! acts ( cession--t 9 _! t]ms !re is no?+ re/rict+ ! p[] ( ,congress on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict--n a ^w allud+ to x1 nor "o ins]t$ ) su* an int5t4 ,?is impli$ fai?1 !n1 re/s on no clause or ^w 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution1 or 9 ! acts ( cession1 or 9 ! acts ( ,congress accept+ ! cession1 nor does x re/ on any decl>ations ( ! legislatures ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia made at ! "t1 or 9 t g5]ation1 nor on any act ( !irs1 nor on any decl>ation ( ! p ( ^? /ates1 nor on ! te/imony ( ! ,wa%+tons1 ,jeff]sons1 ,madisons1 ,*aces1 ,m>t9s1 & ,j5nif]s1 ( ^? /ates & times4 ,! ass]tion re/s on itself alone6 ,mr4 ,clay & ! o!r s5ators :o vot$ = ! resolution1 guess t ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia suppos$ t ,congress w\ld by no means use ! p[] giv5 !m by ! con/itution1 except 9 su* ways z w\ld be well pleas+ 9 ! eyes ( ^? /ates2 especially z "o ( !m 0 ! ,anci5t ,dom9ion6 ,& n[ aft] ! lapse ( half a c5tury1 ?is assum$ expectation ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* is m]e matt] ( conjecture ) ! #cf s5ators1 is conjur$ up & duly in/all$ ^u ! judgm5t-seat ( f9al appeal1 be=e ^: nod con/itutions are to flee away1 & ) :om1 solemn grants ( p[] & explicit gu>anties are1 :5 weigh$ 9 ! balance1 altoge!r light] ?an vanity6 ,b let u survey x 9 ano!r light4 ,:y did ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia leave s mu* to be impli$8 ,:y did !y n 9 "s way express :at lay s ne> _! he>ts8 ,_h _! vocabul>y run s l[ t a s+le ^w c\ld n be ek$ out = ! occasion8 ,or 7 ^? /ates s ba%ful ( a sudd5 t !y d>e n speak out & tell :at !y want$8 ,or did !y take x = grant$ t ,congress w\ld always act 9 ! premises accord+ to _! wi%es1 & t too1 )\t _! mak+ kn[n _! wi%es8 ,if1 z honorable s5ators tell u1 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia did v]ily travail ) su* ab\nd+ fai?1 :y br\ght !y =? no works8 ,x is z true 9 legislation z 9 religion1 t ! only evid5ce ( fai? is works1 & t fai? )\t works is dead1 i4e4 has no p[]4 ,b "h1 =soo?1 a bl9d implication ) no?+ express$1 an impli$ fai? )\t works1 is omnipot5t4 ,mr4 ,clay is lawy] en\gh to "k t ev5 a s5atorial hypo!sis z to :at mu/ h be5 ! und]/&+ ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia ab\t congressional ex]cise ( con/itutional p[]1 abrogates no grant1 & t to plead x 9 a c\rt ( law1 w\ld be ( small s]vice except to jo/le _! ,honors' gravity6 ,he ne$ n be told t ! con/itution gives ,congress p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,nor t ! legislatures ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia con/ruct$ _! acts ( cession ) ?is clause be=e _! eyes1 & t bo? ( !m decl>$ ^? acts made 9 pursuance ( said clause4 ,^? /ates 7 aw>e t ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 _! con/itution _h left no?+ to be impli$ z to ! p[] ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict2--an admonition q suffici5t "o w\ld ?9k to put !m on _! gu>d1 & induce !m to es*ew vague implications & resort to /ipulations4 ,full well did !y "k also t ^? 7 times :51 9 matt]s ( high import1 no?+ 0 left to be impli$4 ,! colonies 7 !n pant+ f a tw5ty ye>s' conflict ) ! "m c\ntry1 ab\t bills ( rights1 *>t]s1 treaties1 con/itutions1 grants1 limitations1 & acts ( cession4 ,! sev]ities ( a long & t]rible discipl9e _h taught !m to gu>d at all po9ts legislative grants1 t _! exact import & limit might be self-evid5t--leav+ no scope = a bl9d fai?1 t someh[ 9 ! lott]y ( *ances !re w\ld be no blanks1 b mak+ all sure by ! use ( explicit t]ms1 & wisely *os5 words1 & j en\gh ( !m4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) its am5dm5ts1 ^? ( ! individual /ates1 ! national treaties1 ! public docum5ts ( ! g5]al & /ate gov]nm5ts at t p]iod1 %[ ! univ]sal conviction ( legislative bodies1 t :5 great public int]e/ 7 at /ake1 no?+ %\ld be left to be impli$4 ,fur!r3 suppose ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia _h express$ _! impli$ fai? 9 words1 & embodi$ x 9 _! acts ( cession z a proviso1 decl>+ t ,congress %\ld n ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] ! ,di/rict1 b t ! case ( slav]y %\ld be an exception3 :o does n "k t ,congress1 if x _h accept$ ! cession on ^? t]ms1 w\ld h violat$ ! ,con/itution2 & :o t has ev] /udi$ ! free mood ( ^? times 9 its be>+s on slav]y--pro(s ( :i* are giv5 9 scores on ! prec$+ pages--c = an in/ant believe t ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld h alt]$ _! ,con/itution = ! purpose ( provid+ = slav]y an inviolable sanctu>y2 t :5 driv5 9 f its outpo/s1 & ev]y:]e retreat+ discomfit$ be=e ! m>* ( fre$om1 x might be receiv$ into ev]la/+ habitations on ! common home/ead & he>?-/one ( ?is free republic8 ,besides1 :o c believe t ,virg9ia made su* a condition1 or *]i%$ su* a purpose1 :5 at t v mom5t1 ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son1 ,wy!1 ,patrick ,h5ry1 ,/4 ,george ,tuck]1 & almo/ all h] illu/ri\s m51 7 advocat+ ! abolition ( slav]y by law4 ,:5 ,wa%+ton _h said1 two ye>s be=e1 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia mu/ h laws = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y & at a p]iod n remote2 & :5 ,jeff]son 9 8 lett] to ,price1 ?ree ye>s be=e ! cession1 _h said1 speak+ ( ,virg9ia1 ,?is is ! next /ate to :i* we may turn our eyes = ! int]e/+ spectacle ( ju/ice 9 conflict ) av>ice & oppression--a conflict 9 :i* ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,side ,,is ,,ga9+ ,,daily ,,recruits2 :5 volunt>y emancipations on ! soil 7 !n progress+ at ! rate ( betwe5 "o & two ?\s& annually1 7,see ,judge ,tuck]'s ,diss]tation on ,slav]y1 p4 #gc27 :5 ! public s5tim5t ( ,virg9ia _h und]gone1 & 0 und]go+ s mighty a revolution t ! idea ( ! cont9uance ( slav]y z a p]man5t sy/em c\ld n be tol]at$1 ?\gh %e !n conta9$ ab\t half ! slaves 9 ! ,union4 ,0 ?is ! "t to /ipulat$ = ! p]petuity ( slav]y "u ! exclusive legislation ( ,congress8 & t too at ! same session ( ,congress :5 e "o ( h] delegation vot$ = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,nor? ,we/ ,t]ritory2 a t]ritory :i* %e _h h]self c$$ to ,congress1 & along ) x _h surr5d]$ h] jurisdiction ov] _m ( h] citiz5s1 inhabitants ( t t]ritory1 :o held slaves !re--& ^: slaves 7 emancipat$ by t act ( ,congress1 9 :i* all h] delegation ) "o accord p>ticipat$8 ,n[ 9 view ( ! univ]sal belief !n preval5t1 t slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry 0 doom$ to %ort life1 & especially t 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia x w\ld be spe$ily aboli%$--are we to be told t ^? /ates design$ to b9d ,congress nev] to t]m9ate x8 ,are we to adopt ! mon/r\s conclusion t ?is 0 ! int5t ( ! ,anci5t ,dom9ion--?us to b9d ! ,unit$ ,/ates by an impli$ fai?1 & t :5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates accept$ ! cession1 %e did solemnly ?us plight h] tro?1 & t ,virg9ia did !n s und]/& x8 ,v]ily "o w\ld ?9k t honorable s5ators suppos$ !mselves deput$ to d our ?9k+ z well z our legislation1 or r1 t !y !mselves 7 absolv$ f su* drudg]y by virtue ( _! (fice6 ,ano!r absurdity ( ?is dogma ab\t impli$ fai? is1 t :]e !re 0 no p[] to exact an express pl$ge1 !re 0 none to dem& an impli$ "o1 & :]e !re 0 no p[] to give ! "o1 !re 0 none to give ! o!r4 ,we h %[n already t ,congress c\ld n h accept$ ! cession ) su* a condition4 ,to h sign$ away a "p ( its con/itutional grant ( p[] w\ld h be5 a brea* ( ! ,con/itution4 ,fur!r1 ! ,congress :i* accept$ ! cession 0 compet5t to pass a resolution pl$g+ itself n to use all ! p[] ov] ! ,di/rict committ$ to x by ! ,con/itution4 ,b "h its p[] end$4 ,its resolution w\ld only b9d itself4 ,c\ld x b9d ! next ,congress by its au?ority8 ,c\ld ! memb]s ( "o ,congress say to ! memb]s ( ano!r1 because we d n *oose to ex]cise all ! au?ority ve/$ 9 u by ! ,con/itution1 !re=e y %all n8 ,?is w\ld h be5 a prohibition to d :at ! ,con/itution gives p[] to d4 ,ea* successive ,congress w\ld /ill h gone to ! ,con/itution = its p[]1 bru%+ away 9 its c\rse ! cobwebs /ret*$ across its pa? by ! (fici\sness ( an imp]t95t pr$ecessor4 ,aga91 ! legislatures ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 _h no p[] to b9d ,congress1 ei!r by an express or an impli$ pl$ge1 nev] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,^? legislatures _h no p[] to b9d !mselves nev] to aboli% slav]y )9 _! own t]ritories--! c$$ p>ts includ$4 ,:]e !n w\ld !y get p[] to b9d ano!r n to d :at !y _h no p[] to b9d !mselves n to d8 ,if a legislature c\ld n 9 ?is respect control ! successive legislatures ( its own ,/ate1 c\ld x control ! successive ,congresses ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,b p]haps we %all be told1 t ! impli$ fai? 9 ! acts ( cession ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia 0 n t ,congress %\ld nev] aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 b t x %\ld n d x until !y _h done x )9 _! b\nds6 ,v]ily ?is fai? comes little %ort ( ! fai? ( miracles6 ,a good rule t works bo? ways4 ,fir/1 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia h good fai? t ,congress w n aboli% until !y d2 & !n j z good fai? t ,congress w aboli% :5 !y d6 ,excell5tly accommodat$6 ,did ^? ,/ates suppose t ,congress w\ld legislate ov] ! national doma91 ! common jurisdiction ( all1 = ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia alone8 ,& :o1 did !y suppose1 w\ld be judges 9 ! matt]8--!mselves m]ely8 or ! :ole ,union8 ,?is good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession is no long] ( d\btful int]pretation4 ,! pr9ciple at ! bottom ( x1 :5 fairly /at$1 is ?is3--,t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are b\nd 9 good fai? to d 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 )\t demurr+1 j :at & :51 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia d 9 _! own ,/ates4 ,9 %ort1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t is eas$ ( all ! burd5s ( legislation )9 its exclusive jurisdiction1 save t ( hir+ a scriv5] to copy (f ! acts ( ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia legislatures z fa/ z !y are pass$1 & engross !m1 "u ! title ( ,laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia6 ,a slight additional exp5se w\ld also be incurr$ 9 keep+ up an express betwe5 ! capitols ( ^? ,/ates & ,wa%+ton city1 br++ ,congress f "t to "t its in/ructions f head qu>t]s--in/ructions n to be disreg>d$ )\t a violation ( t good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession1 c4 ,?is sets 9 /rong light ! advantages ( our glori\s ,union1 if ! doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,clay & ! ?irty-six ,s5ators be or?odox4 ,! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h be5 p]mitt$ to set up at _! own exp5se1 & on _! own t]ritory1 two great s\nd+ bo>ds call$ ,s5ate ,*amb] & ,repres5tatives' ,hall1 = ! purpose ( s5d+ abroad by au?ority national e*oes ( /ate legislation6--p]mitt$ also to keep 9 _! pay a corps ( pliant national musicians1 ) p]emptory in/ructions to s\nd on any l9e ( ! /aff accord+ z ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& may give ! sov]eign key note6 ,?\gh ?is may h ! seem+ ( m]e raill]y1 yet an analysis ( ! resolution & ( ! discussions ^u x1 w conv9ce e fair m9d t x is b ! legitimate c>ry+ out ( ! pr9ciple p]vad+ bo?4 ,!y proce$ virtually ^u ! hypo!sis t ! w & pleasure ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& are p>am\nt to ^? ( ! ,union4 ,if ! ma9 design ( sett+ ap>t a f$]al di/rict _h be5 orig9ally ! accommodation ( ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 & ! s\?1 ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates z an ag5t to consummate ! object1 !re c\ld h>dly h be5 high] assumption or l\d] vaunt+4 ,! sole object ( hav+ su* a ,di/rict 0 9 effect totally p]v]t$ 9 ! resolution ( ,mr4 ,clay1 & 9 ! discussions ( ! entire s\!rn delegation1 ^u its passage4 ,in/ead ( tak+ ! gr\nd1 t ! b5efit ( ! :ole ,union 0 ! sole object ( a f$]al di/rict1 t x 0 design$ to gu>d & promote ! int]e/s ( all ! /ates1 & t x 0 to be legislat$ ov] = ?is end--! resolution proce$s ^u an hypo!sis totally ! rev]se4 ,x takes a s+le po9t ( /ate policy1 & exalts x above ,,national int]e/s1 utt]ly ov]%ad[+ !m2 abrogat+ national rights2 mak+ void a clause ( ! ,con/itution2 humbl+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t into a subject--cr\*+ = favors to a sup]ior1 & t too on its own exclusive jurisdiction4 ,all ! attributes ( sov]eignty ve/$ 9 ,congress by ! ,con/itution x impales ^u ! po9t ( an alleg$ implication4 ,& ?is is ,mr4 ,clay's peace-(f]+1 to appease ! lu/ ( p[] & ! rav5+s ( /ate encroa*m5t6 ,a compromise1 =soo?6 t s9ks ! g5]al ,gov]nm5t on its own t]ritory into a m]e colony1 ) ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& = its "m c\ntry6 ,x is refre%+ to turn f ^! %all[1 di/ort$ con/ructions & s]vile cr++s1 to ! high be>+ ( o!r s\!rn m5 9 o!r times2 m51 :o 9 _! "* ( legislators & lawy]s1 disda9$ to accommodate _! int]pretations ( con/itutions & *>t]s to geographical l9es1 or to b5d !m to ! purposes ( a political canvass4 ,9 ! celebrat$ case ( ,coh5s vs4 ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia1 ,hon4 ,william ,p9kney1 late ( ,baltimore1 & ,hon4 ,walt] ,jones1 ( ,wa%+ton city1 ) o!r em95t con/itutional lawy]s1 prep>$ an elaborate writt5 op9ion1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,nor is !re any dang] to be appreh5d$ f all[+ to ,congressional legislation ) reg>d to ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 its ,,fulle/ ,,effect4 ,congress is responsible to ! ,/ates1 & to ! p = t legislation4 ,x is 9 tru? ! legislation ( ! /ates ov] a di/rict plac$ "u _! control = _! own b5efit1 n = t ( ! ,di/rict1 except z ! prosp]ity ( ! ,di/rict is involv$1 & necess>y to ! g5]al advantage4--,life ( ,p9kney1 p4 #fab4 ,! pr(\nd legal op9ion1 f :i* ?is is an extract1 0 elaborat$ at great l5g? _m ye>s s9ce1 by a numb] ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ lawy]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^: signatures are app5d$ to x4 ,x is specific & to ! po9t4 ,x ass]ts1 #a/1 t ,congressional legislation ov] ! ,di/rict1 is ! legislation ( ! ,/ates & ! p1 7n ( two /ates1 & a m]e fraction ( ! p27 #b;d4 ,ov] a ,di/rict plac$ "u _! control1 i4e4 "u ! control ( ! :ole ( ! ,/ates1 n "u ! control ( two tw5ty-six?s ( !m4 #c;d4 ,t x 0 ?us put "u _! ,control = ,,_! ,,own b5efit1 ! b5efit ( all ! ,/ates equally2 n to secure special b5efits to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 7or :at x might be conjectur$ !y w\ld reg>d z b5efits47 #d?4 ,x concludes by ass]t+ t ! design ( ?is exclusive control ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict 0 n = ! b5efit ( ! ,di/rict1 except z t is connect$ )1 & a means ( promot+ ! g5]al advantage4 ,if ?is is ! case ) ! ,di/rict1 :i* is directly conc]n$1 x is pre-em95tly s ) ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 :o are b indirectly int]e/$1 & w\ld be b remotely affect$ by x4 ,! argum5t ( ,mr4 ,madison 9 ! ,congress ( '#hi1 an extract f :i* has be5 giv5 on a prec$+ page1 lays d[n ! same pr9ciple2 t ?\gh any matt] may be a local affair1 yet if x involves national ,,exp5se ,,or ,,safety1 x becomes ( conc]n to e "p ( ! union1 & is a prop] subject = ! consid]ation ( ^? *>g$ ) ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,cong4 ,reg4 vol4 #a4 p4 #caj1 #aa4 ,b ^! are only ! initiatory absurdities ( ?is good fai? impli$4 ,! ?irty-six s5ators aptly illu/rate ! pr9ciple1 t error n only conflicts ) tru?1 b is g5]ally at issue ) itself4 ,= if x w\ld be a violation ( good fai? to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 = ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 x w\ld be equally a violation = ,congress to d x ) ! cons5t1 or ev5 at ! e>ne/ & unanim\s petition ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict3 yet = ye>s x has be5 ! s\!rn doctr9e1 t if ! p ( ! ,di/rict dem& ( ,congress relief 9 ?is respect1 x has p[]1 z _! local legislature1 to grant x1 & by aboli%+ slav]y !re1 c>ry out ! w ( ! citiz5s4 ,b n[ new light has brok5 96 ,! optics ( ! ?irty-six h pi]c$ ! mill/one ) a deep] insight1 & discov]ies ?ick5 fa/] ?an !y c be telegraph$6 ,congress has no p[]1 ,o no1 n a modicum1 to help ! slavehold]s ( ! ,di/rict1 h[ev] l\dly !y may clamor = x4 ,! s\!rn doctr9e1 t ,congress is to ! ,di/rict a m]e local ,legislature to d its pleasure1 is tumbl$ f ! g5itive into ! vocative6 ,h>d fate--& t too at ! h&s ( ^? :o begat x6 ,! reason+s ( ,messrs4 ,p9ckney1 ,wise1 & ,leigh1 are n[ f\nd to be :olly at fault1 & ! *anticle] rhetoric ( ,messrs4 ,glascock & ,g>l& /alks fea!rless & cre/-fall54 ,=1 ,mr4 ,clay's resolution sweeps by ! bo>d all ^? /]eotyp$ common-places1 z ,congress a local ,legislature1 cons5t ( ! ,di/rict1 b\nd to consult ! wi%es ( ! ,di/rict1 c4 c41 :i* = ! la/ two sessions ( ,congress h s]v$ to eke out scanty supplies4 ,x decl>es1 t z slav]y exi/$ 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia at ! "t ( ! cession1 & z x /ill cont9ues 9 bo? ^? /ates1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict )\t a violation ( 't good fai?1' c4 ,b let u see :]e ?is pr9ciple ( ! ?irty-six w lead u4 ,if impli$ fai? to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia re/ra9s ,congress f ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 x requires ,congress to d 9 ! ,di/rict :at ^? /ates h done )9 _! b\nds1 i4e41 re/ra9 o!rs f aboli%+ x4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple ,congress is b\nd1 by ! doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,clay's resolution1 to prohibit emancipation )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,!re is no /opp+ place = ?is plight$ fai?4 ,congress mu/ n only refra9 f lay+ viol5t h&s on slav]y1 itself1 & see to x t ! slavehold]s !mselves d n1 b x is b\nd to keep ! sy/em up to ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia /&>d ( vigor6 ,aga91 if ! good fai? ( ,congress to ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& requires t slav]y %\ld exi/ 9 ! ,di/rict1 :ile x exi/s 9 ^? /ates1 x requires t x %\ld exi/ !re z x exi/s 9 ^? /ates4 ,if to aboli% e =m ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict w\ld violate good fai?1 to aboli% ! =m exi/+ 9 ^? /ates1 & to sub/itute a totally diff]5t "o1 w\ld also violate x4 ,! ,congressional good fai? is to be kept n only ) slav]y1 b ) ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia sy/ems ( slav]y4 ,! fai? ( ^? /ates n be+ 9 ! pres]vation ( a sy/em1 b ( _! sy/em2 o!rwise ,congress1 in/ead ( su/a9+1 w\ld c\nt]act _! policy--pr9ciples w\ld be br\ght into action !re conflict+ ) _! sy/em1 & ?us ! true _s ( ! impli$ pl$ge w\ld be violat$4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 s long z slaves are *attels p]sonal 9 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 ,congress c\ld n make !m real e/ate1 insep>able f ! soil1 z 9 ,l\isiana2 nor c\ld x p]mit slaves to read1 nor to wor%ip ,god accord+ to consci5ce2 nor c\ld x grant !m trial by jury1 nor legalize m>riage2 nor require ! ma/] to give suffici5t food & clo?+2 nor prohibit ! viol5t sund]+ ( families--because su* provisions w\ld conflict ) ! exi/+ slave laws ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 & ?us violate ! good fai? impli$1 c4 ,s ! pr9ciple ( ! resolution b9ds ,congress 9 all ^! p>ticul>s3 #a/4 ,n to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict until ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& aboli%4 #b;d4 ,n to aboli% any "p ( x t exi/s 9 ^? /ates4 #c;d4 ,n to aboli% any =m or app5dage ( x /ill exi/+ 9 ^? /ates4 #d?4 ,to aboli% :5 !y d4 #e?4 ,to increase or abate its rigors :51 h[1 & z ! same are modifi$ by ^? /ates4 ,9 a ^w1 ,congressional action 9 ! ,di/rict is to float passively 9 ! wake ( legislative action on ! subject 9 ^? /ates4 ,b "h comes a dilemma4 ,suppose ! legislation ( ^? /ates %\ld /e] diff]5t c\rses--!n !re w\ld be two wakes6 ,c ,congress float 9 bo?8 ,yea1 v]ily6 ,no?+ is too h>d = x6 ,its obsequi\sness equals its p[] ( legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,x c float up on ! ,virg9ia tide1 & ebb d[n on ! ,m>yl& at ! same "t4 ,:at ,m>yl& does1 ,congress w d 9 ! ,m>yl& "p4 ,:at ,virg9ia does1 ,congress w d 9 ! ,virg9ia "p4 ,?\gh ,congress might n always be able to run at ! bidd+ ( bo? at once1 especially 9 diff]5t directions1 yet if x obey$ ord]s *e]fully1 & kept 9 its place1 accord+ to its good fai? impli$1 impossibilities might n be rigidly exact$4 ,true1 we h ! highe/ sanction = ! maxim t no man c s]ve two ma/]s--b if corporations h no s\ls1 analogy w\ld absolve ,congress on t score1 or at mo/ give x only a v small s\l--n l>ge en\gh to be at all 9 ! way1 z an exception to ! univ]sal rule laid d[n 9 ! maxim6 ,9 foll[+ out ! absurdities ( ?is impli$ good fai?1 x w be se5 at once t ! doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,clay's ,resolution ext5ds to all ! subjects ( legislation exi/+ 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 :i* exi/ also )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,e sy/em1 in/itution1 law1 & e/abli%$ usage !re1 is plac$ beyond ,congressional control equally ) slav]y1 & by ! same impli$ fai?4 ,! abolition ( ! lott]y sy/em 9 ! ,di/rict z an immorality1 0 a flagrant brea* ( ?is good fai? to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 z ! sy/em /ill cont9u$ 9 ^? /ates4 ,s to aboli% imprisonm5t = debt1 & capital puni%m5t1 to remodel ! bank sy/em1 ! p[] ( corporations1 ! militia law1 laws ( limitation1 c41 9 ! ,di/rict1 unless ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& took ! lead1 w\ld violate ! good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession1 c4 ,t 9 ! acts ( cession no su* good fai? 0 impli$ by ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& z is claim$ 9 ! ,resolution1 we argue f ! fact1 t 9 #aghd ,virg9ia c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates all h] nor?we/ t]ritory1 ) ! special proviso t h] citiz5s inhabit+ t t]ritory %\ld h _! possessions & titles confirm$ to !m1 & be protect$ 9 ! enjoym5t ( _! rights & lib]ties4 7,see ,j\rnals ( ,congress1 vol4 #i1 p4 #fc47 ,! cession 0 made 9 ! =m ( a de$1 & sign$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ,samuel ,h>dy1 ,ar?ur ,lee1 & ,james ,monroe4 ,_m ( ^! inhabitants held slaves4 ,?ree ye>s aft] ! cession1 ! ,virg9ia delegation 9 ,congress propos$ ! passage ( an ord9ance :i* %\ld aboli% slav]y1 9 t t]ritory1 & decl>e t x %\ld nev] !reaft] exi/ !re4 ,all ! memb]s ( ,congress f ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& vot$ = ?is ord9ance4 ,suppose "s memb] ( ,congress _h dur+ ! passage ( ! ord9ance introduc$ ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 ,t :5 ! nor?we/ t]ritory 0 c$$ by ,virg9ia to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dome/ic slav]y exi/$ 9 t ,/ate1 includ+ ! c$$ t]ritory1 & z x /ill cont9ues 9 t ,/ate1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ )9 ! t]ritory )\t a violation ( t good fai?1 :i* 0 impli$ 9 ! cession & 9 ! acceptance ( ! t]ritory4 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! indignant response ( ,grayson1 ,griff91 ,madison1 & ! ,lees1 9 ! ,congress ( '#hg1 to su* a resolution1 & ( ,c>r+ton1 ,*airman ( ! ,committee1 :o report$ ! ratification ( ! ord9ance 9 ! ,congress ( '#hi1 & ( ,page & ,p>k]1 :o ) e o!r memb] ( ! ,virg9ia delegation support$ x6 ,b to enum]ate all ! absurdities into :i* ! ?irty-six ,s5ators h plung$ !mselves1 w\ld be to make a qu>to inv5tory4 ,we decl9e ! task2 & 9 conclusion1 m]ely add t ,mr4 ,clay1 9 pres5t+ ?is resolution1 & ea* ( ! ?irty-six ,s5ators :o vot$ = x1 ent]$ on ! records ( ! ,s5ate1 & proclaim$ to ! _w1 a mo/ unwor?y accusation aga9/ ! ,,millions ( ,am]ican citiz5s :o h dur+ ne>ly half a c5tury petition$ ! national legislature to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1--*>g+ !m ei!r ) ! ignorance or ! impiety ( pray+ ! nation to violate its ,,plight$ ,,fai?4 ,! resolution virtually indicts at ! b> ( public op9ion1 & br&s ) odium1 all ! ,manumission ,societies1 ! fir/ petition]s = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 & = a long "t ! only ones1 petition+ f ye> to ye> ?r\gh evil report & good report1 /ill petition+1 by individual societies & 9 _! national conv5tions4 ,b z if x 7 n en\gh to table ! *>ge aga9/ su* m5 z ,b5jam9 ,ru%1 ,william ,rawle1 ,john ,s]geant1 ,rob]t ,vaux1 ,cadwallad] ,cold51 & ,pet] ,a4 ,jay1--to :om we may add ,rufus ,k+1 ,james ,hillh\se1 ,william ,p9kney1 ,?omas ,addis ,emmett1 ,daniel ,d4 ,tompk9s1 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton1 ,james ,k5t1 & ,daniel ,web/]1 besides elev5 hundr$ citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict itself1 head$ by _! ,*ief ,ju/ice & judges--ev5 ! sov]eign ,/ates ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,new-,york1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,v]mont1 ^: legislatures h ei!r memorializ$ ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 or in/ruct$ _! ,s5ators to move su* a measure1 mu/ be gravely in=m$ by ,messrs4 ,clay1 ,norvell1 ,niles1 ,smi?1 ,pi]ce1 ,b5ton1 ,black1 ,tipton1 & o!r honorable ,s5ators1 ei!r t _! p]ception is s dull1 !y "k n :at ( !y affirm1 or t _! moral s5se is s blunt$ !y c dem& )\t compunction a violation ( ! nation's fai?6 ,we h spok5 already ( ! concessions unwitt+ly made 9 ?is resolution to ! true doctr9e ( ,congressional p[] ov] ! ,di/rict4 ,= t concession1 important z x is1 we h small ?anks to r5d]4 ,t su* a resolution1 pass$ ) su* an int5t1 & press+ at a ?\s& po9ts on relations & int]e/s vital to ! free /ates1 %\ld be hail$1 z x has be51 by a portion ( ! nor!rn press z a compromise orig9at+ 9 def]5ce to nor!rn int]e/s1 & to be receiv$ by u z a free-w (f]+ ( dis9t]e/$ b5evol5ce1 dem&+ our gratitude to ! mov]1--may well cov] u ) %ame4 ,we des]ve ! humiliation & h well e>n$ ! mock]y4 ,let x come6 ,if1 aft] hav+ be5 set up at auction 9 ! public sales-room ( ! nation1 & = ?irty ye>s1 & by ea* ( a score ( compromises1 trea*]\sly knock$ (f to ! l[e/ bidd]1 & t )\t money & )\t price1 ! ,nor?1 plund]$ & betray$1 w n1 9 ?is h] accept$ "t1 consid] ! ?+s t belong to h] peace be=e !y are hidd5 f h] eyes1 !n let h] eat ( ! fruit ( h] own way1 & be fill$ ) h] own devices6 ,let ! %orn & bl9d$ giant gr9d 9 ! prison-h\se ( ! ,phili/9es1 till taught ! folly ( intru/+ to ,delilahs ! secret & ! cu/ody ( 8 /r5g?4 ,h ! free ,/ates b\nd !mselves by an oa? nev] to pr(it by ! lessons ( exp]i5ce8 ,if lo/ to reason1 are !y dead to in/9ct also8 ,c no?+ r\se !m to ca/ ab\t = self pres]vation8 ,& %all a life ( tame surr5d]s be t]m9at$ by suicidal sacrifice8 ,a ,,compromise6 ,bitt] irony6 ,is ! pluck$ & hood-w9k$ ,nor? to be :e$l$ by ! sorc]y ( ano!r ,miss\ri compromise8 ,a compromise 9 :i* ! ,s\? ga9$ all1 & ! ,nor? lo/ all1 & lo/ x = ev]4 ,a compromise :i* emb>go$ ! free labor] ( ! ,nor? & ,we/1 & clut*$ at ! /aff he lean$ ^u1 to turn x into a bludgeon & fell him ) its /roke4 ,a compromise :i* wre/$ f lib]ty h] b\ndless bir?right doma91 /ret*+ we/w>d to ! sunset1 :ile x gave to slav]y loose re9s & a free c\rse1 f ! ,mississippi to ! ,pacific4 ,! resolution1 z x f9ally pass$1 is "h ins]t$4 ,! orig9al ,resolution1 z mov$ by ,mr4 ,clay1 0 ins]t$ at ! head ( ?is po/script ) ! impression t x 0 ! am5d$ =m4 ,x w be se5 h[ev]1 t x und]w5t no mat]ial modification4 ,resolv$1 ,t ! int]f]5ce by ! citiz5s ( any ( ! /ates1 ) ! view to ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 is endang]+ ! rights & security ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict2 & t any act or measure ( ,congress design$ to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 w\ld be a violation ( ! fai? impli$ 9 ! cessions by ! /ates ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 a j cause ( al>m to ! p ( ! slavehold+ /ates1 & h a direct & inevitable t5d5cy to di/urb & endang] ! ,union4 ,! vote ^u ! ,resolution /ood z foll[s3 ,yeas4--,messrs4 ,all51 ,bay>d1 ,b5ton1 ,black1 ,bu*anan1 ,br[n1 ,calh\n1 ,clay1 ( ,alabama1 ,clay1 ( ,k5tucky1 ,clayton1 ,critt5d51 ,cu?b]t1 ,fulton1 ,grundy1 ,hubb>d1 ,k+1 ,lumpk91 ,lyon1 ,ni*olas1 ,niles1 ,norvell1 ,pi]ce1 ,pre/on1 ,rives1 ,roane1 ,rob9son1 ,sevi]1 ,smi?1 ( ,connecticut1 ,/range1 ,tallmadge1 ,tipton1 ,walk]1 ,:ite1 ,williams1 ,wright1 ,"y4 ,nays4--,messrs4 ,,davis1 ,,knight1 ,mc,k,e,a,n1 ,,morris1 ,,pr5tiss1 ,,ruggles1 ,,smi?1 ( ,indiana1 ,,swift1 ,,web/]4 ,,no4 #e ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9] 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,congress ,,ov] ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,orig9ally ,,publi%$ ,,9 ,,! ,,new-,,york ,,ev5+ ,,po/1 ,,"u ,,! ,,signature ,,( ,,wy!4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,) ,,additions ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,f\r? ,,edition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is ,no4 conta9s #c-a_/b %eets4--,po/age1 "u #ajj miles1 #f cts4 ov] #ajj1 #aj cts4 ,,p[] ,,( ,,congress ,,ov] ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia4 ,a civiliz$ community presupposes a gov]nm5t ( law4 ,if t gov]nm5t be a republic1 its citiz5s are ! sole s\rces1 z well z ! subjects ( its p[]4 ,its con/itution is _! bill ( directions to _! own ag5ts--a grant au?oriz+ ! ex]cise ( c]ta9 p[]s1 & prohibit+ t ( o!rs4 ,9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :atev] else may be obscure1 ! clause grant+ p[] to ,congress ov] ! ,f$]al ,di/rict may well defy miscon/ruction4 ,art4 #a1 ,sec4 #h1 ,clause #ah3 ,! ,congress %all h p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation1 9 all cases :atsoev]1 ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,congress may make laws = ! ,di/rict 9 all cases1 n ( all k9ds4 ,! grant respects ! subjects ( legislation1 n ! moral nature ( ! laws4 ,! law-mak+ p[] e :]e1 is subject to moral re/rictions1 :e!r limit$ by con/itutions or n4 ,no legislature c au?orize murd]1 nor make hone/y p5al1 nor virtue a crime1 nor exact impossibilities4 ,9 ^! & simil> respects1 ! p[] ( ,congress is held 9 *eck by pr9ciples exi/+ 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 n impos$ by ! ,con/itution1 b presuppos$ & assum$ by x4 ,! p[] ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict is re/rict$ only by ^? pr9ciples t limit ord9>y legislation1 &1 9 "s respects1 x has ev5 wid] scope4 ,9 common ) ! legislatures ( ! ,/ates1 ,congress _c con/itutionally pass ex po/ facto laws 9 crim9al cases1 nor susp5d ! writ ( habeas corpus1 nor pass a bill ( atta9d]1 nor abridge ! fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press1 nor invade ! "r ( ! p to be secure 9 _! p]sons1 h\ses1 pap]s1 & effects1 nor enact laws respect+ an e/abli%m5t ( religion4 ,^! are g5]al limitations4 ,congress _c d ^! ?+s any :]e4 ,! exact import1 !re=e1 ( ! clause 9 all cases :atsoev]1 is1 on all subjects )9 ! appropriate sph]e ( legislation4 ,"s legislatures are re/ra9$ by con/itutions f ! ex]cise ( p[]s /rictly )9 ! prop] sph]e ( legislation4 ,congressional p[] ov] ! ,di/rict has no su* re/ra9t4 ,x trav]ses ! :ole field ( legitimate legislation4 ,all ! p[] :i* any legislature has )9 its own jurisdiction1 ,congress holds ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t ! clause 9 "q respects m]ely police regulations1 & t its sole design 0 to enable ,congress to protect itself aga9/ popul> tumults4 ,b if ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution aim$ to provide = a s+le case only1 :y did !y provide = all cases :atsoev]8 ,besides1 ?is clause 0 oppos$ 9 _m ( ! /ate conv5tions1 because ! grant ( p[] 0 n re/rict$ to police regulations alone4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia ,conv5tion1 ,george ,mason1 ! fa!r ( ! ,virg9ia ,con/itution1 said1 ,?is clause gives an unlimit$ au?ority 9 e possible case )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,he w\ld will+ly give !m exclusive p[] z f> z respect$ ! police & good gov]nm5t ( ! place1 b he w\ld give !m no m4 ,mr4 ,grayson said1 t control ov] ! police 0 all-suffici5t1 & t ! ,cont95tal ,congress nev] _h an idea ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases4 ,patrick ,h5ry said4 ,is x consi/5t ) any pr9ciple ( prud5ce or good policy1 to grant unlimit$1 unb\nd$ au?ority8 ,mr4 ,madison said 9 reply3 ,i did conceive t ! clause "u consid]ation 0 "o ( ^? p>ts :i* w\ld speak its own praise4 ,:5 any p[] is giv51 its delegation necess>ily involves au?ority to make laws to execute x4 99 99 99 99 ,! p[]s :i* are f\nd necess>y to be giv51 are !re=e delegat$ g5]ally1 & p>ticul> & m9ute specification is left to ! legislature4 99 99 99 ,x is n )9 ! limits ( human capacity to del9eate on pap] all ^? p>ticul> cases & circum/ances1 9 :i* legislation by ! g5]al legislature w\ld be necess>y4 ,gov]nor ,r&olph said3 ,holl& has no t5 miles squ>e1 b %e has ! ,hague :]e ! deputies ( ! ,/ates assemble4 ,b ! influ5ce :i* x has giv5 ! prov9ce ( ,holl&1 to h ! seat ( gov]nm5t )9 its t]ritory1 subject 9 "s respects to its control1 has be5 injuri\s to ! o!r prov9ces4 ,! wisdom ( ! ,conv5tion is !re=e manife/ 9 grant+ to ,congress exclusive jurisdiction ov] ! place ( _! session4 ,deb4 ,va4 ,con41 p4 #cbj4 ,9 ! =ty-?ird numb] ( ! ,f$]ali/1 ,mr4 ,madison says3 ,! indisp5sable necessity ( complete au?ority at ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 c>ries its own evid5ce ) x4 ,f9ally1 t ! grant 9 "q is to be int]pret$ accord+ to ! obvi\s import ( its t]ms1 is prov$ by ! fact1 t ,virg9ia propos$ an am5dm5t to ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution at ! "t ( its adoption1 provid+ t ?is clause %\ld be s con/ru$ z to give p[] only ov] ! police & good gov]nm5t ( said ,di/rict1 :i* am5dm5t 0 reject$4 ,! =m] "p ( ! clause "u consid]ation1 ,congress %all h p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation1 gives sole jurisdiction1 & ! latt] "p1 9 all cases :atsoev]1 def9es ! ext5t ( x4 ,s9ce1 !n1 ,congress is ! sole legislature )9 ! ,di/rict1 & s9ce its p[] is limit$ only by ! *ecks common to all legislatures1 x foll[s t :at ! law-mak+ p[] is intr9sically compet5t to d any :]e1 ,congress is compet5t to d 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,hav+ dispos$ ( prelim9>ies1 we proce$ to /ate & argue ! real "q at issue4 ,,is ,,! ,,law-,,mak+ ,,p[] ,,compet5t ,,to ,,aboli% ,,slav]y ,,:5 ,,n ,,re/rict$ ,,9 ,,t ,,p>ticul> ,,by ,,con/itutional ,,provisions--or1 ,,is ,,! ,,abolition ,,( ,,slav]y ,,)9 ,,! ,,appropriate ,,sph]e ,,( ,,legislation8 #a4 ,9 e gov]nm5t1 absolute sov]eignty exi/s some:]e4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates x exi/s prim>ily ) ! p1 & ultimate sov]eignty always exi/s ) !m4 ,9 ea* ( ! ,/ates1 ! legislature possesses a repres5tative sov]eignty1 delegat$ by ! p ?r\gh ! ,con/itution--! p ?us committ+ to ! legislature a portion ( _! sov]eignty1 & specify+ 9 _! con/itutions ! am\nt ( ! grant & its conditions4 ,t ! p 9 any /ate :]e slav]y exi/s1 h ! p[] to aboli% x1 none w d5y4 ,if ! legislature h n ! p[]1 x is because ! p h res]v$ x to !mselves4 ,_h !y lodg$ ) ! legislature p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 !y w\ld h p>t$ ) _! sov]eignty ov] ! legislation ( ! ,/ate1 & s f> =?1 ! legislature w\ld h become ! p1 clo!d ) all _! functions1 & z su* compet5t1 dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! grant1 to d :atev] ! p might h done be=e ! surr5d] ( _! p[]3 consequ5tly1 !y w\ld h ! p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,! sov]eignty ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia exi/s some:]e--:]e is x lodg$8 ,! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict h no legislature ( _! own1 no repres5tation 9 ,congress1 & no political p[] :atev]4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia h surr5d]$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates _! full & absolute "r & entire sov]eignty1 & ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h committ$ to ,congress by ! ,con/itution1 ! p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,?us1 ! sov]eignty ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 is %[n to reside solely 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & s9ce ! p[] ( ! p ( a /ate to aboli% slav]y )9 _! own limits1 results f _! entire sov]eignty )9 t /ate1 s ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 results f its entire sov]eignty )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,if x be object$ t ,congress c h no m p[] ov] ! ,di/rict1 ?an 0 held by ! legislatures ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 we ask :at clause ( ! con/itution graduates ! p[] ( ,congress by ! /&>d ( ^? legislatures8 ,0 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution work$ into its pres5t %ape "u ! measur+ l9e & squ>e ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&8 & is its p[] to be bevell$ d[n till x c run 9 ! grooves ( /ate legislation8 ,!re is a deal ( prat+ ab\t con/itutional p[] ov] ! ,di/rict1 z ?\gh ,congress 7 indebt$ = x to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,! p[]s ( ^? /ates1 :e!r prodigies or nullities1 h no?+ to d ) ! "q4 ,z well ?ru/ 9 ! p[]s ( ! ,gr& ,lama to jo9 issue ^u1 or twi/ papal bulls into con/itutional te!r1 ) :i* to curb congressional action4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates gives p[] to ,congress1 & takes x away1 & x alone4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia adopt$ ! ,con/itution be=e !y c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! t]ritory ( ! ,di/rict4 ,by _! acts ( cession1 !y abdicat$ _! own sov]eignty ov] ! ,di/rict1 & ?us made room = t provid$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution1 :i* sov]eignty 0 to comm5ce z soon z a cession ( t]ritory by /ates1 & its acceptance by ,congress1 furni%$ a sph]e = its ex]cise4 ,t ! abolition ( slav]y is )9 ! sph]e ( legislation1 ,i argue4 #b4 ,,f ,,! ,,fact1 ,,t ,,slav]y1 ,,z ,a ,,legal ,,sy/em1 ,,is ,,! ,,creature ,,( ,,legislation4 ,! law1 by creat+ slav]y1 n only affirm$ its exi/5ce to be )9 ! sph]e & "u ! control ( legislation1 b also1 ! conditions & t]ms ( its exi/5ce1 & ! "q :e!r or n x %\ld exi/4 ,( c\rse legislation w\ld n travel out ( its sph]e1 9 aboli%+ :at is )9 x1 & :at _h be5 recogniz$ to be )9 x1 by its own act4 ,_c legislatures repeal _! own laws8 ,if law c take f a man 8 rights1 x c give !m back aga94 ,if x c say1 y\r body belongs to y\r neighbor1 x c say1 x belongs to y\rself4 ,if x c annul a man's "r to himself1 held by express grant f 8 ,mak]1 & c create = ano!r an artificial title to him1 c x n annul ! artificial title1 & leave ! orig9al own] to hold himself by 8 orig9al title8 #c4 ,,! ,,abolition ,,( ,,slav]y ,,has ,,always ,,be5 ,,consid]$ ,,)9 ,,! ,,appropriate ,,sph]e ,,( ,,legislation4 ,almo/ e civiliz$ nation has aboli%$ slav]y by law4 ,! hi/ory ( legislation s9ce ! revival ( lett]s1 is a record cr[d$ ) te/imony to ! univ]sally admitt$ compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,x is s manife/ly an attribute n m]ely ( absolute sov]eignty1 b ev5 ( ord9>y legislation1 t ! compet5cy ( a legislature to ex]cise x1 may well nigh be reckon$ among ! legal axioms ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,ev5 ! night ( ! d>k ages 0 n d>k en\gh to make ?is invisible4 ,! ,abolition decree ( ! great c\ncil ( ,engl& 0 pass$ 9 #aajb4 ,! memorable ,iri% decree1 t all ! ,engli% slaves 9 ! :ole ( ,irel&1 be imm$iately emancipat$ & re/or$ to _! =m] lib]ty1 0 issu$ 9 #aaga4 ,slav]y 9 ,engl& 0 aboli%$ by a g5]al *>t] ( emancipation 9 #acha4 ,pass+ ov] _m in/ances ( ! abolition ( slav]y by law1 bo? dur+ ! middle ages & s9ce ! re=mation1 we f9d !m multiply+ z we approa* our own times4 ,9 #aggf slav]y 0 aboli%$ 9 ,prussia by special edict4 ,9 ,/4 ,dom+o1 ,cay5ne1 ,guadal\pe1 & ,m>t9ique1 9 #agid1 :]e m ?an #fjj1jjj slaves 7 emancipat$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 ,9 ,java1 #ahaa2 9 ,ceylon1 #ahae2 9 ,bu5os ,ayres1 #ahaf2 9 ,/4 ,hel5a1 #ahai2 9 ,colombia1 #ahba2 by ! ,congress ( ,*ili 9 #ahba2 9 ,cape ,colony1 #ahbc2 9 ,malacca1 #ahbe2 9 ! s\!rn prov9ces ( ,birmah1 #ahbf2 9 ,bolivia1 #ahbf2 9 ,p]u1 ,guatemala1 & ,monte ,video1 #ahbh2 9 ,jamaica1 ,b>bados1 ! ,b]mudas1 ! ,bahamas1 ,anguilla1 ,mauritius1 ,/4 ,*ri/op]s1 ,nevis1 ! ,virg9 ,isl&s1 7,briti%71 ,antigua1 ,monts]rat1 ,dom9ica1 ,/4 ,v9c5ts1 ,gr5ada1 ,b]bice1 ,tobago1 ,/4 ,lucia1 ,tr9idad1 ,honduras1 ,dem]>a1 ,essequibo & ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd4 ,b wav+ details1 suffice x to say1 t ,engl&1 ,france1 ,spa91 ,portugal1 ,d5m>k1 ,russia1 ,au/ria1 ,prussia1 & ,g]many1 h all & (t5 giv5 _! te/imony to ! compet5cy ( ! legislative p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 ! ,legislature ( ,p5nsylvania pass$ an act ( abolition 9 #aghj1 ,connecticut 9 #aghd2 ,rhode ,isl&1 #aghd2 ,new-,york1 #agii2 ,new-,j]sey1 9 #ahjd2 ,v]mont1 by ,con/itution1 9 #aggg2 ,massa*usetts1 9 #aghj2 & ,new-,hamp%ire1 9 #aghd4 ,:5 ! compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[] to aboli% slav]y has ?us be5 recogniz$ e :]e & = ages1 :5 x has be5 embodi$ 9 ! highe/ prec$5ts1 & celebrat$ 9 ! ?\s& jubilees ( reg5]at$ lib]ty1 is x an a*ievem5t ( mod]n discov]y1 t su* a p[] is a nullity8--t all ^! acts ( abolition are void1 & t ! millions dis5?rall$ by !m1 are1 ei!r !mselves or _! po/]ity1 /ill legally 9 bondage8 #d4 ,,legislative ,,p[] ,,has ,,aboli%$ ,,slav]s ,,9 ,,its ,,p>ts4 ,! law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a prohibits ! work+ ( slaves m ?an fifte5 h\rs 9 ! tw5ty-f\r4 ,9 o!r words1 x takes f ! slavehold] 8 p[] ov] n9e h\rs ( ! slave's "t daily2 & if x c take n9e h\rs x may take tw5ty-f\r4 ,! laws ( ,georgia prohibit ! work+ ( slaves on ! fir/ day ( ! week2 & if !y c d x = ! fir/1 !y c = ! six foll[+4 ,! law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a prohibits ! immod]ate correction ( slaves4 ,if x has p[] to prohibit immod]ate correction1 x c prohibit mod]ate correction--all correction1 :i* w\ld be virtual emancipation2 =1 take f ! ma/] ! p[] to inflict pa91 & he is ma/] no long]4 ,cease to ply ! slave ) ! /imulus ( fe>1 & he is free4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,mississippi gives ! ,g5]al ,assembly p[] to make laws to oblige ! own]s ( slaves to treat !m ) humanity4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,miss\ri has ! same clause1 & an additional "o mak+ x ! ,,duty ( ! legislature to pass su* laws z may be necess>y to secure ! humane treatm5t ( ! slaves4 ,?is grant to ^? legislatures1 emp[]s !m to decide :at is & :at is n humane treatm5t4 ,o!rwise x gives no p[]--! clause is m]e wa/e pap]1 & fl\ts 9 ! face ( a befool$ legislature4 ,a clause giv+ p[] to require humane treatm5t cov]s all ! p>ticul>s ( su* treatm5t--gives p[] to exact x 9 all respects--requir+ c]ta9 acts1 & prohibit+ o!rs--maim+1 br&+1 *a9+ toge!r1 sep>at+ families1 flogg+s = le>n+ ! alphabet1 = read+ ! ,bible1 = wor%ip+ ,god accord+ to consci5ce--! legislature has p[] to specify ea* ( ^! acts--decl>e t x is n humane treatm5t1 & ,,prohibit x4--,! legislature may also believe t driv+ m5 & wom5 into ! field1 & =c+ !m to "w )\t pay1 is n humane treatm5t1 & be+ con/itutionally b\nd to oblige ma/]s to practise humane treatm5t--!y h ! p[] to prohibit su* treatm5t1 & are b\nd to d x4 ,! law ( ,l\isiana makes slaves real e/ate1 prohibit+ ! hold]1 if he be also a l& hold]1 to sep>ate !m f ! soil4,a ,if x has p[] to prohibit ! sale )\t ! soil1 x c prohibit ! sale ) x2 & if x c prohibit ! sale z prop]ty1 x c prohibit ! hold+ z prop]ty4 ,simil> laws exi/ 9 ! ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 & ,portuguese colonies4 ,! law ( ,l\isiana requires ! ma/] to give 8 slaves a c]ta9 am\nt ( food & clo?+4 ,if x c oblige ! ma/] to give ! slave "o ?+1 x c oblige him to give him ano!r3 if food & clo?+1 !n wages1 lib]ty1 8 own body4 ,by ! laws ( ,connecticut1 slaves may receive & hold prop]ty1 & prosecute suits 9 _! own "n z pla9tiffs3 ,?is la/ 0 also ! law ( ,virg9ia 9 #agie4 ,see ,tuck]'s ,diss]tation on ,slav]y1 p4 #gc4 ,!re 7 also laws mak+ m>riage contracts legal1 9 c]ta9 cont+5cies1 & puni%+ infr+em5ts ( !m1 ,reeve's ,law ( ,b>on & ,femme1 p4 #cdj-a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,virg9ia made slaves real e/ate by a law pass$ 9 #agje4 7,bev]ly's ,hi/4 ( ,va41 p4 #ih47 ,i d n f9d ! precise "t :5 ?is law 0 repeal$1 probably :5 ,virg9ia became ! *ief slave bre$] = ! cotton-gr[+ & sug>-plant+ c\ntry1 & made "y m5 & wom5 f fifte5 to tw5ty-five ! ma9 /aple production ( ! ,/ate4 ,ea* ( ! laws enum]at$ above1 does1 9 pr9ciple1 aboli% slav]y2 & all ( !m toge!r aboli% x 9 fact4 ,true1 n z a :ole1 & at a /roke1 nor all 9 "o place2 b 9 its p>ts1 by piecemeal1 at div]s times & places2 ?us %[+ t ! abolition ( slav]y is )9 ! b\nd>y ( legislation4 ,9 ! ,wa%+ton 7,d4,c47 ,city ,laws1 page #ach1 is ,,an ,,act to prev5t horses f be+ cruelly beat5 or abus$4 ,simil> laws h be5 pass$ by corporations 9 _m ( ! slave /ates1 & ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w1 su* acts are puni%able ei!r z violations ( common law or ( legislative enactm5ts4 ,if a legislature c pass laws to prev5t horses f be+ cruelly abus$1 x c pass laws to prev5t m5 f be+ cruelly abus$1 & if x c prev5t cruel abuse1 x c def9e :at x is4 ,x c decl>e t to make m5 "w )\t pay is cruel abuse1 & c ,,prohibit x4 #e4 ,,! ,,compet5cy ,,( ,,! ,,law-,,mak+ ,,p[] ,,to ,,aboli% ,,slav]y1 ,,has ,,be5 ,,recogniz$ ,,by ,,all ,,! ,,slavehold+ ,,/ates1 ,,ei!r ,,directly ,,or ,,by ,,implication4 ,"s ,/ates recognize x 9 _! ,con/itutions1 by giv+ ! legislature p[] to emancipate su* slaves z may h r5d]$ ! /ate "s di/+ui%$ s]vice1 & o!rs by express prohibitory re/rictions4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,mississippi1 ,arkansas1 & o!r ,/ates1 re/rict ! p[] ( ! legislature 9 ?is respect4 ,:y ?is express prohibition1 if ! law-mak+ p[] _c aboli% slav]y8 ,a /ately f>ce inde$1 ) appropriate rites to induct into ! ,con/itution a special clause1 = ! express purpose ( re/rict+ a non5tity6--to take f ! law-mak+ p[] :at x nev] _h1 & :at _c p]ta9 to x6 ,! legislatures ( ^? ,/ates h no p[] to aboli% slav]y1 simply because _! ,con/itutions h expressly tak5 away t p[]4 ,! p ( ,arkansas1 ,mississippi1 c4 well knew ! compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[] to aboli% slav]y1 & h5ce _! zeal to re/rict x4 ,! slavehold+ ,/ates h recognis$ ?is p[] 9 _! laws4 ,virg9ia pass$ a law 9 #aghf to prev5t ! importation ( ,slaves1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,& be x fur!r enact$ t e slave import$ into ?is commonweal? contr>y to ! true int5t & mean+ ( ?is act1 %all ^u su* importation become free4 ,by a law ( ,virg9ia1 pass$ ,dec4 #ag1 #agib1 a slave br\ght into ! /ate & kept !re a ye>1 0 free4 ,! ,m>yl& ,c\rt ( ,appeals1 ,dec41 #ahac case ( ,/ew>t vs4 ,oakes1 decid$ t a slave own$ 9 ,m>yl&1 & s5t by 8 ma/] into ,virg9ia to "w at diff]5t p]iods1 mak+ "o ye> 9 ! :ole1 became free1 be+ emancipat$ by ! above law4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 9 _! acts ( cession1 transf]r+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! t]ritory n[ con/itut+ ! ,/ates ( ,t5nessee1 ,alabama & ,mississippi1 made x a condition ( ! grant1 t ! provisions ( ! ord9ance ( '#hg %\ld be secur$ to ! inhabitants1 ) ! exception ( ! six? article :i* prohibits slav]y2 ?us conc$+1 bo? ! compet5cy ( law to aboli% slav]y1 & ! p[] ( ,congress to d x1 )9 its jurisdiction4 7,^! acts %[ ! preval5t belief at t "t1 9 ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t _h adopt$ a l9e ( policy aim+ at ! exclusion ( slav]y f ! entire t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 n includ$ )9 ! orig9al ,/ates1 & t ?is policy w\ld be pursu$ unless prev5t$ by specific & =mal /ipulation47 ,slavehold+ ,/ates h ass]t$ ?is p[] 9 _! judicial decisions4 ,9 num]\s cases _! highe/ c\rts h decid$ t if ! legal own] ( slaves takes !m into ^? ,/ates :]e slav]y has be5 aboli%$ ei!r by law or by ! con/itution1 su* removal emancipates !m1 su* law or con/itution aboli%+ _! slav]y4 ,?is pr9ciple is ass]t$ 9 ! decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,l\isiana1 ,luns=d vs4 ,coquillon1 #ad ,m>t9's ,la4 ,reps4 #dja4 ,also by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,virg9ia1 ,hunt] vs4 ,ful*]1 #a ,leigh's ,reps4 #agb4 ,! same doctr9e 0 laid d[n by ,judge ,wa%+ton1 ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,sup4 ,c\rt1 ,butl] vs4 ,hopp]1 ,wa%+ton's ,c4 ,c4 ,reps4 #ejh2 also1 by ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals 9 ,k5tucky1 ,rank9 vs4 ,lydia1 #b ,m>%all's ,reps4 #djg2 see also1 ,wilson vs4 ,isbell1 #e ,call's ,reps4 #dbe1 ,spotts vs4 ,gillespie1 #f ,r&olph's ,reps4 #eff4 ,! ,/ate vs4 ,lasselle1 #a ,black=d's ,reps4 #fj1 ,m>ie ,l\ise vs4 ,m>iot1 #h ,la4 ,reps4 #dge4 ,9 ?is case1 :i* 0 tri$ 9 #ahcf1 ! slave _h be5 tak5 by h] ma/] to ,france & br\ght back2 ,judge ,mat!ws1 ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,l\isiana1 decid$ t resid5ce = "o mom5t "u ! laws ( ,france emancipat$ h]4 #f4 ,,em95t ,,/atesm51 ,,!mselves ,,slavehold]s1 ,,h ,,conc$$ ,,?is ,,p[]4 ,wa%+ton1 9 a lett] to ,rob]t ,morris1 ,april #ab1 #aghf1 says3 ,!re is n a man liv+1 :o wi%es m s9c]ely ?an ,i d1 to see a plan adopt$ = ! abolition ( slav]y2 b !re is only "o prop] & effectual mode by :i* x c be accompli%$1 & t is by legislative au?ority4 ,9 a lett] to ,lafayette1 ,may #aj1 #aghf1 he says3 ,x 7! abolition ( slav]y7 c]ta9ly might1 & assur$ly ought to be effect$1 & t too by legislative au?ority4 ,9 a lett] to ,john ,f5ton ,m]c]1 ,sept4 #i1 #aghf1 he says3 ,x is among my fir/ wi%es to see "s plan adopt$ by :i* slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry may be aboli%$ by law4 ,9 a lett] to ,sir ,john ,s9clair1 he says3 ,!re are 9 ,p5nsylvania1 laws = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 :i* nei!r ,m>yl& nor ,virg9ia h at pres5t1 b :i* no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t !y mu/ h1 & at a p]iod n remote4 ,jeff]son1 speak+ ( movem5ts 9 ! ,virg9ia ,legislature 9 #aggg1 = ! passage ( a law emancipat+ ! slaves1 says3 ,! pr9ciples ( ! am5dm5t 7 agre$ on1 t is to say1 ! fre$om ( all born aft] a c]ta9 day2 b x 0 f\nd t ! public m9d w\ld n be> ! proposition1 yet ! day is n f> di/ant :5 x mu/ be> & adopt x4--,jeff]son's ,memoirs1 v4 i4 p4 #ce4 ,x is well kn[n t ,jeff]son1 ,p5dleton1 ,mason1 ,wy! & ,lee1 :ile act+ z a committee ( ! ,virg9ia ,h\se ( ,delegates to revise ! ,/ate ,laws1 prep>$ a plan = ! gradual emancipation ( ! slaves by law4 ,^! m5 7 ! great lights ( ,virg9ia4 ,mason1 ! au?or ( ! ,virg9ia ,con/itution2 ,p5dleton1 ! ,presid5t ( ! memorable ,virg9ia ,conv5tion 9 #aghg1 & ,presid5t ( ! ,virg9ia ,c\rt ( ,appeals2 ,wy! 0 ! ,black/one ( ! ,virg9ia b5*1 = a qu>t] ( a c5tury ,*ancellor ( ! ,/ate1 ! pr(essor ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 & ! preceptor ( ,jeff]son1 ,madison1 & ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all4 ,he 0 ! au?or ( ! celebrat$ remon/rance to ! ,engli% ,h\se ( ,commons on ! subject ( ! /amp act4 ,z to ,jeff]son1 8 "n is 8 biography4 ,e slavehold+ memb] ( ,congress f ! ,/ates ( ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 vot$ = ! celebrat$ ord9ance ( #aghg1 :i* aboli%$ ! slav]y !n exi/+ 9 ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 9 8 well kn[n lett] to ,rob]t ,pleasants1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,janu>y #ah1 #aggc1 says3 ,i believe a "t w come :5 an opportunity w be (f]$ to aboli% ?is lam5table evil4 ,william ,p9kney1 ( ,m>yl&1 advocat$ ! abolition ( slav]y by law1 9 ! legislature ( t ,/ate1 9 #aghi4 ,lu!r ,m>t9 urg$ ! same measure bo? 9 ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion1 & 9 8 report to ! ,legislature ( ,m>yl&4 ,9 #agif1 ,/4 ,george ,tuck]1 ( ,virg9ia1 pr(essor ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 & ,judge ( ! ,g5]al ,c\rt1 publi%$ a diss]tation on slav]y1 urg+ ! abolition ( slav]y by law4 ,john ,jay1 :ile ,new-,york 0 yet a slave ,/ate1 & himself 9 law a slavehold]1 said 9 a lett] f ,spa91 9 #aghf1 ,an excell5t law might be made out ( ! ,p5nsylvania "o1 = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y4 ,7 ,i 9 y\r legislature1 ,i w\ld pres5t a bill = ! purpose1 & ,i w\ld nev] cease mov+ x till x became a law1 or ,i ceas$ to be a memb]4 ,gov]nor ,tompk9s1 9 a message to ! ,legislature ( ,new-,york1 ,janu>y #h1 #ahab1 said3 ,to devise ! means = ! gradual & ultimate ext]m9ation f among/ u ( slav]y1 is a "w wor?y ! repres5tatives ( a poli%$ & enlight5$ nation4 ,! ,virg9ia ,legislature ass]t$ ?is p[] 9 #ahcb4 ,at ! close ( a mon?'s debate1 ! foll[+ proce$+s 7 _h4 ,i extract f an editorial article 9 ! ,ri*mond ,:ig1 ,jan4 #bf1 #ahcb4 ,! report ( ! ,select ,committee1 adv]se to legislation on ! subject ( ,abolition1 0 9 ^! words3 ,resolv$1 z ! op9ion ( ?is ,committee1 t x is ,,inexp$i5t ,,= ,,! ,,pres5t1 to make any legislative enactm5ts = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,?is ,report ,mr4 ,pre/on mov$ to rev]se1 & ?us to decl>e t x 0 exp$i5t1 n[ to make legislative enactm5ts = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,?is 0 meet+ ! "q 9 its /ronge/ =m4 ,x dem&$ action1 & imm$iate action4 ,on ?is proposition ! vote 0 #eh to #gc4 ,_m ( ! mo/ decid$ fri5ds ( abolition vot$ aga9/ ! am5dm5t1 because !y ?\ght public op9ion n suffici5tly prep>$ = x1 & t x might prejudice ! cause to move too rapidly4 ,! vote on ,mr4 ,wit*]'s motion to po/pone ! :ole subject indef9itely1 indicates ! true /ate ( op9ion 9 ! ,h\se4 ,t 0 ! te/ "q1 & 0 s int5d$ & proclaim$ by its mov]4 ,t motion 0 negativ$1 #ga to #fj2 %[+ a majority ( #aa1 :o by t vote1 decl>$ _! belief t at ! prop] "t1 & 9 ! prop] mode1 ,virg9ia ought to comm5ce a sy/em ( gradual abolition4 #g4 ,,! ,,congress ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,h ,,ass]t$ ,,?is ,,p[]4 ,! ord9ance ( '#hg1 decl>+ t !re %\ld be nei!r slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude1 9 ! ,nor? ,we/]n ,t]ritory1 aboli%$ ! slav]y !n exi/+ !re4 ,! ,sup4 ,c\rt ( ,mississippi1 ,h>vey vs4 ,deck]1 ,walk]'s ,mi4 ,reps4 #cf1 decl>$ t ! ord9ance ( '#hg emancipat$ ! slaves !n held !re4 ,9 ?is decision ! "q is argu$ ably & at great l5g?4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,la4 made ! same decision 9 ! case ( ,=sy? vs4 ,na%1 #d ,m>t9's ,la4 ,reps4 #che4 ,! same doctr9e 0 laid d[n by ,judge ,port]1 7late ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator f ,la417 9 8 decision at ! ,m>* t]m ( ! ,la4 ,supreme ,c\rt1 #ahcj1 ,m]ry vs4 ,*exnaid]1 #bj ,m>t9's ,reps4 #fii4 ,t ! ord9ance aboli%$ ! slav]y !n exi/+ !re is also %[n by ! fact1 t p]sons hold+ slaves 9 ! t]ritory petition$ = ! repeal ( ! article aboli%+ slav]y1 assign+ t z a reason4 ,! petition ( ! citiz5s ( ,r&olph & ,/4 ,clair c\nties 9 ! ,ill9ois c\ntry1 /at+ t !y 7 9 possession ( slaves1 & pray+ ! repeal ( t act 7! #f? article ( ! ord9ance ( '#hg7 & ! passage ( a law legaliz+ slav]y !re4 ,am4 ,/ate pap]s1 ,public ,l&s1 v4 #a4 p4 #fi4 ,congress pass$ ?is ord9ance be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution 0 adopt$1 :5 x d]iv$ all its au?ority f ! articles ( ,conf$]ation1 :i* conf]r$ p[]s ( legislation f> m re/rict$ ?an ^? committ$ to ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict & ,t]ritories by ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution4 ,n[1 we ask1 h[ does ! ,con/itution abridge ! p[]s :i* ,congress possess$ "u ! articles ( conf$]ation8 ,! abolition ( ! slave trade by ,congress1 9 #ahjh1 is ano!r illu/ration ( ! compet5cy ( legislative p[] to aboli% slav]y4 ,! ,african slave trade has become su* a m]e te*nic1 9 common p>lance1 t ! fact ( its be+ prop] slav]y is ov]look$4 ,! buy+ & sell+1 ! transportation1 & ! horrors ( ! middle passage1 7 m]e incid5ts ( ! slav]y 9 :i* ! victims 7 held4 ,let ?+s be call$ by _! own names4 ,:5 ,congress aboli%$ ! ,african slave trade1 x aboli%$ ,,slav]y--supreme slav]y--p[] frantic ) lic5se1 trampl+ a :ole hemisph]e sca!d ) its fires1 & runn+ d[n ) blood4 ,true1 ,congress did n1 9 ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 aboli% all ! slav]y )9 its jurisdiction1 b x did aboli% all ! slav]y 9 "o "p ( its jurisdiction4 ,:at has rifl$ x ( p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ano!r "p ( its jurisdiction1 especially 9 t "p :]e x has exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]8 #h4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,recognizes ,,?is ,,p[] ,,by ,,! ,,mo/ ,,conclusive ,,implication4 ,9 ,art4 #a1 sec4 #c1 clause #a1 x prohibits ! abolition ( ! slave trade previ\s to #ahjh3 ?us imply+ ! p[] ( ,congress to d x at once1 b = ! re/riction2 & its p[] to d x unconditionally1 :5 t re/riction ceas$4 ,aga92 ,9 ,art4 #d1 sec4 #b1 ,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o /ate "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f said s]vice or labor4 ,?is clause 0 ins]t$1 z all admit1 to prev5t ! runaway slave f be+ emancipat$ by ! laws ( ! free /ates4 ,if ^! laws _h no p[] to emancipate1 :y ?is con/itutional gu>d to prev5t x8 ,! ins]tion ( ! clause1 0 ! te/imony ( ! em95t juri/s t fram$ ! ,con/itution1 to ! exi/5ce ( ! p[]1 & _! public proclamation1 t ! abolition ( slav]y 0 )9 ! appropriate sph]e ( legislation4 ,! "r ( ! own] to t :i* is rightfully prop]ty1 is f\nd$ on a pr9ciple ( univ]sal law1 & is recogniz$ & protect$ by all civiliz$ nations2 prop]ty 9 slaves is1 by g5]al cons5t1 an exception2 h5ce slavehold]s insi/$ ^u ! ins]tion ( ?is clause 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution1 t !y might secure by an express provision1 t f :i* protection is )held1 by ! ackn[l$g$ pr9ciples ( univ]sal law4,a ,by dem&+ ?is provision1 slavehold]s cons5t$ t _! slaves %\ld n be recogniz$ z prop]ty by ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution1 & h5ce !y f\nd _! claim1 on ! fact ( _! be+ p]sons1 & held to s]vice4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! fact1 t "u ! articles ( ,conf$]ation1 slavehold]s1 ^: slaves _h escap$ into free /ates1 _h no legal p[] to =ce !m back1--t n[ !y h no p[] to recov]1 by process ( law1 _! slaves :o escape to ,canada1 ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,/ates1 or to ,europe--! case already cit$1 9 :i* ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,l\isiana decid$1 t resid5ce = "o mom5t1 "u ! laws ( ,france emancipat$ an ,am]ican slave--! case ( ,fulton1 vs4 ,lewis1 #c ,h>4 & ,john's ,reps41 #ef1 :]e ! slave ( a ,/4 ,dom+o slavehold]1 :o br\ght him to ,m>yl& 9 '#ic1 0 pron\nc$ free by ! ,m>yl& ,c\rt ( ,appeals--are illu/rations ( ! ackn[l$g$ tru? "h ass]t$1 t by ! cons5t ( ! civiliz$ _w1 & on ! pr9ciples ( univ]sal law1 slaves are n prop]ty1 & t :5ev] held z prop]ty "u law1 x is only by positive legislative acts1 =cibly sett+ aside ! law ( nature1 ! common law1 & ! pr9ciples ( univ]sal ju/ice & "r betwe5 man & man1--pr9ciples p>am\nt to all law1 & f :i* alone1 law d]ives its intr9sic au?oritative sanction4 #i4 ,,congress ,,has ,,unque/ionable ,,p[] ,,to ,,adopt ,,! ,,common ,,law1 ,,z ,,! ,,legal ,,sy/em1 ,,)9 ,,its ,,exclusive ,,jurisdiction4--,?is has be5 done1 ) c]ta9 re/rictions1 9 mo/ ( ! ,/ates1 ei!r by legislative acts or by con/itutional implication4 ,,! ,,common ,,law ,,kn[s ,,no ,,slaves4 ,its pr9ciples annihilate slav]y :]ev] !y t\* x4 ,x is a univ]sal1 unconditional1 abolition act4 ,:]ev] slav]y is a legal sy/em1 x is s only by /atute law1 & 9 violation ( ! common law4 ,! decl>ation ( ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice ,holt1 t1 by ! common law1 no man c h prop]ty 9 ano!r1 is an ackn[l$g$ axiom1 & bas$ ^u ! well kn[n common law def9ition ( prop]ty4 ,! subjects ( dom9ion or prop]ty are ?+s1 z contra-di/+ui%$ f p]sons4 ,let ,congress adopt ! common law 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & slav]y !re is aboli%$4 ,congress may well be at home 9 common law legislation1 = ! common law is ! gr& elem5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution4 ,all its fundam5tal provisions are in/9ct ) its _s2 & its exi/5ce1 pr9ciples1 & p>am\nt au?ority1 are presuppos$ & assum$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole4 ,! preamble ( ! ,con/itution plants ! /&>d ( ! ,common ,law immovably 9 its =egr\nd4 ,we1 ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to ,,e/abli% ,,ju/ice1 c41 d orda9 & e/abli% ?is ,con/itution2 ?us proclaim+ devotion to ,,ju/ice1 z ! controll+ motive 9 ! organization ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & its secure e/abli%m5t ! *ief object ( its aims4 ,by ?is mo/ solemn recognition1 ! common law1 t gr& legal embodym5t ( ju/ice & fundam5tal "r--0 made ! gr\ndwork ( ! ,con/itution1 & intr5*$ beh9d its /ronge/ munitions4 ,! second clause ( ,sec4 #i1 ,art4 #a2 ,sec4 #d1 ,art4 #b1 & ! la/ clause ( ,sec4 #b1 ,art4 #c1 ) ,articles #g1 #h1 #i1 & #ac ( ! ,am5dm5ts1 are also express recognitions ( ! common law z ! presid+ ,g5ius ( ! ,con/itution4 ,by adopt+ ! common law )9 its exclusive jurisdiction ,congress w\ld c>ry out ! pr9ciples ( our glori\s ,decl>ation1 & foll[ ! highe/ prec$5ts 9 our national hi/ory & jurisprud5ce4 ,x is a political maxim z old z civil legislation1 t laws %\ld be /rictly homog5e\s ) ! pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5t ^: w !y express1 embody+ & c>ry+ !m out--be+ inde$ ! pr9ciples !mselves1 9 preceptive =m--repres5tatives alike ( ! nature & p[] ( ! ,gov]nm5t--/&+ illu/rations ( its g5ius & _s1 :ile !y proclaim & en=ce its au?ority4 ,:o ne$s be told t slav]y makes w> ^u ! pr9ciples ( ! ,decl>ation1 & ! _s ( ! ,con/itution1 & t ^! & ! pr9ciples ( ! common law gravitate t[>ds ea* o!r ) irrepressible aff9ities1 & m+le into "o8 ,! common law came hi!r ) our pilgrim fa!rs2 x 0 _! bir?right1 _! panoply1 _! glory1 & _! song ( rejoic+ 9 ! h\se ( _! pilgrimage4 ,x cov]$ !m 9 ! day ( _! calamity1 & _! tru/ 0 "u ! %ad[ ( its w+s4 ,f ! fir/ settlem5t ( ! c\ntry1 ! g5ius ( our in/itutions & our national _s h claim$ x z a common possession1 & exult$ 9 x ) a common pride4 ,a c5tury ago1 ,gov]nor ,p[nall1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t con/itutional juri/s ( colonial times1 said ( ! common law1 ,9 all ! colonies ! common law is receiv$ z ! f\ndation & ma9 body ( _! law4 ,9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,rights1 made by ! ,cont95tal ,congress at its fir/ session 9 '#gd1 !re 0 ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 ,t ! respective colonies are entitl$ to ! common law ( ,engl&1 & especially to ! great & ine/imable privilege ( be+ tri$ by _! pe]s ( ! vic9age accord+ to ! c\rse ( t law4 ,soon aft] ! organization ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,ellswor?1 9 "o ( 8 decisions on ! b5* ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,sup4 ,c\rt1 said3 ,! common law ( ?is c\ntry rema9s ! same z x 0 be=e ! revolution4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 9 8 decision 9 ! case ( ,liv+/on vs4 ,jeff]son1 said3 ,:5 our ance/ors migrat$ to ,am]ica1 !y br\ght ) !m ! common law ( _! native c\ntry1 s f> z x 0 applicable to _! new situation1 & ,i d n conceive t ! revolution 9 any degree *ang$ ! relations ( man to man1 or ! law :i* regulates !m4 ,9 break+ our political connection ) ! p>5t /ate1 we did n break our connection ) ea* o!r4 ,hall's ,law ,j\rnal1 new s]ies4 ,mr4 ,duponceau1 9 8 ,diss]tation on ! ,jurisdiction ( ,c\rts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 says1 ,i consid] ! common law ( ,engl& ! jus commune ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i ?9k ,i c lay x d[n z a correct pr9ciple1 t ! common law ( ,engl&1 z x 0 at ! "t ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 /ill cont9ues to be ! national law ( ?is c\ntry1 s f> z x is applicable to our pres5t /ate1 & subject to ! modifications x has receiv$ "h 9 ! c\rse ( ne>ly half a c5tury4 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,taylor ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 8 decision 9 ! case ( ! ,/ate vs4 ,re$1 9 #ahbc1 ,hawkes' ,n4,c4 ,reps4 #ded1 says1 a law ( p>am\nt1 obligation to ! /atute1 0 violat$ by ! (f5ce--,,common ,,law1 f\nd$ ^u ! law ( nature1 & confirm$ by revelation4 ,! legislation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\nds 9 recognitions ( ! pr9ciples ( ! common law1 ass]t+ _! p>am\nt b9d+ p[]4 ,sp>+ details1 ( :i* our national /ate pap]s are full1 we illu/rate by a s+le in/ance4 ,x 0 made a condition ( ! admission ( ,l\isiana into ! ,union1 t ! "r ( trial by jury %\ld be secur$ to all h] citiz5s1--! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t ?us employ+ its p[] to enl>ge ! jurisdiction ( ! common law 9 ?is its great repres5tative4 ,hav+ %[n t ! abolition ( slav]y is )9 ! compet5cy ( ! law-mak+ p[]1 :5 unre/rict$ by con/itutional provisions1 & t ! legislation ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict is ?us unre/rict$1 its p[] to aboli% slav]y !re is e/abli%$4 ,we argue x fur!r1 f ! fact t1 #aj4 ,,slav]y ,,n[ ,,exi/s ,,9 ,,! ,,di/rict ,,by ,,an ,,act ,,( ,,congress4 ,9 ! act ( #af? ,july1 #agij1 ,congress accept$ portions ( t]ritory (f]$ by ! /ates ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 & enact$ t ! laws1 z !y !n 71 %\ld cont9ue 9 =ce1 until ,congress %all o!rwise by law provide4 ,"u ^! laws1 adopt$ by ,congress1 & 9 effect re-enact$ & made laws ( ! ,di/rict1 ! slaves !re are n[ held4 ,is ,congress s impot5t 9 its own exclusive jurisdiction t x _c o!rwise by law provide8 ,if x c say1 :at %all be consid]$ prop]ty1 x c say :at %all n be consid]$ prop]ty4 ,suppose a legislature %\ld enact t m>riage contracts %\ld be m]e bills ( sale1 mak+ a husb& ! proprietor ( 8 wife1 z 8 bona fide prop]ty2 & suppose husb&s %\ld h]d _! wives 9 droves = ! m>ket z bea/s ( burd51 or = ! bro!l z victims ( lu/1 & !n prate ab\t _! inviolable legal prop]ty1 & d5y ! p[] ( ! legislature1 :i* /amp$ !m prop]ty1 to undo its own wrong1 & secure to wives by law ! rights ( human be+s4 ,w\ld su* cant ab\t legal rights be he$$ :]e reason & ju/ice held sway1 & :]e law1 bas$ ^u fundam5tal morality1 receiv$ homage8 ,if a frantic legislature pron\nces woman a *attel1 has x no p[]1 ) return+ reason1 to take back ! blasphemy8 ,is ! impi\s edict irrepealable8 ,be x1 t ) legal =ms x has /amp$ wives w>es4 ,c no legislation blot out ! br&8 ,mu/ ! h&writ+ ( ,deity on human nature be expung$ = ev]8 ,has ,,law no p[] to /ay ! eras+ p51 & te> (f ! scrawl$ label t cov]s up ! ,,image ,,( ,,god8 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,congress ,,to ,,aboli% ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,di/rict ,,has ,,be51 ,,till ,,rec5tly1 ,,univ]sally ,,conc$$4 #a4 ,x has be5 assum$ by ,congress itself4 ,! foll[+ record /&s on ! j\rnals ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives = #ahjd1 p4 #bbe3 ,on motion made & second$ t ! ,h\se d come to ! foll[+ resolution3 ',resolv$1 ,t f & aft] ! #d? day ( ,july1 #ahje1 all blacks & p ( color t %all be born )9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or ^: mo!rs %all be ! prop]ty ( any p]son resid+ )9 ! said ,di/rict1 %all be free1 ! males at ! age ( ----1 & ! females at ! age ( ----4 ,! ma9 "q be+ tak5 t ! ,h\se d agree to said motions z orig9ally propos$1 x 0 negativ$ by a majority ( #df4' ,?\gh ! motion 0 lo/1 x 0 on ! gr\nd ( its alleg$ inexp$i5cy alone4 ,9 ! debate :i* prec$$ ! vote1 ! p[] ( ,congress 0 conc$$4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahaf1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 ,t a committee be appo9t$ to inquire into ! exi/5ce ( an inhuman & illegal traffic 9 slaves1 c>ri$ on 9 & ?r\gh ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & to report :e!r any & :at measures are necess>y = putt+ a /op to ! same4 ,on ! #i? ( ,janu>y1 #ahbi1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ! foll[+ resolution by a vote ( #aad to #ff3 ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,committee on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 be in/ruct$ to inquire into ! exp$i5cy ( provid+ by law = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y )9 ! ,di/rict1 9 su* a mann] t ! int]e/s ( no individual %all be injur$ !reby4 ,among ^? :o vot$ 9 ! affirmative 7 ,messrs4 ,b>ney ( ,md41 ,arm/rong ( ,va41 ,a4,h4 ,%epp]d ( ,n4,c41 ,blair ( ,t5n41 ,*ilton & ,lyon ( ,ky41 ,johns ( ,del41 & o!rs f slave /ates4 #b4 ,,x ,,has ,,be5 ,,conc$$ ,,by ,,committees ,,( ,,congress1 ,,on ,,! ,,di/rict ,,( ,,columbia4--,9 a report ( ! committee on ! ,di/rict1 ,jan4 #aa1 #ahcg1 by _! *airman1 ,mr4 ,p[ell ( ,va41 !re is ! foll[+ decl>ation3 ,! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 has by ! con/itution exclusive jurisdiction ov] ! ,di/rict1 & has p[] ^u ?is subject 7slav]y17 z ^u all o!r subjects ( legislation1 to ex]cise unlimit$ discretion4 ,reports ( ,comms4 #b;d ,sess4 #ai? ,cong4 v4 iv4 ,no4 #dc4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahca1 ! committee on ! ,di/rict1 ,mr4 ,doddridge ( ,va41 ,*airman1 report$1 ,t until ! adjo9+ /ates act on ! subject1 7slav]y7 x w\ld be 7n uncon/itutional b7 unwise & impolitic1 if n unju/1 = ,congress to int]f]e4 ,9 ,april1 #ahcf1 a special committee on abolition memorials report$ ! foll[+ resolutions by _! ,*airman1 ,mr4 ,p9ckney ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a3 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress possesses no con/itutional au?ority to int]f]e 9 any way ) ! in/itution ( slav]y 9 any ( ! /ates ( ?is conf$]acy4 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress ought n to int]f]e 9 any way ) slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,ought n to int]f]e1 c>efully avoid+ ! phraseology ( ! fir/ resolution1 & ?us 9 effect conc$+ ! con/itutional p[]4 ,9 a widely circulat$ ,address to ! electors ( ! ,*>le/on ,di/rict1 ,mr4 ,p9kney is ?us d5\nc$ by 8 own con/itu5ts3 ,he has propos$ a resolution :i* is receiv$ by ! pla9 common s5se ( ! :ole c\ntry z a concession t ,congress has au?ority to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 #c4 ,,x ,,has ,,be5 ,,conc$$ ,,by ,,! ,,citiz5s ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict4 ,a petition = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 sign$ by ne>ly elev5 hundr$ ( its citiz5s1 0 pres5t$ to ,congress1 ,m>* #bd1 #ahbg4 ,among ! sign]s to ?is petition1 7 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,cran*1 ,judge ,van ,ness1 ,judge ,morsel1 ,pr(4 ,j4,m4 ,/aughton1 & a l>ge numb] ( ! mo/ influ5tial inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict4 ,mr4 ,dickson1 ( ,new ,york1 ass]t$ on ! floor ( ,congress 9 #ahce1 t ! sign]s to ?is petition own$ m ?an half ! prop]ty 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! accuracy ( ?is /atem5t has nev] be5 que/ion$4 ,,?is ,,p[] ,,has ,,be5 ,,conc$$ ,,by ,,gr& ,,juries ,,( ,,! ,,di/rict4 ,! gr& jury ( ! c\nty ( ,alex&ria1 at ! ,m>* t]m1 #ahjb1 pres5t$ ! dome/ic slaves trade z a grievance1 & said1 ,we consid] ^! grievances dem&+ legislative r$ress4 ,jan4 #ai1 #ahbi1 ,mr4 ,alex&]1 ( ,virg9ia1 pres5t$ a repres5tation ( ! gr& jury 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 remon/rat+ aga9/ any measure = ! abolition ( slav]y )9 said ,di/rict1 unless accompani$ by measures = ! removal ( ! emancipat$ f ! same2 ?us1 n only conc$+ ! p[] to emancipate slaves1 b affirm+ an additional p[]1 t ( exclud+ !m :5 free4 ,j\rnal ,h4 ,r4 #ahbh-i1 p4 #agd4 #d4 ,,?is ,,p[] ,,has ,,be5 ,,conc$$ ,,by ,,/ate ,,legislatures4 ,9 #ahbh ! ,legislature ( ,p5nsylvania in/ruct$ _! ,s5ators 9 ,congress to procure1 if practicable1 ! passage ( a law to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,jan4 #bh1 #ahbi1 ! ,h\se ( ,assembly ( ,new ,york pass$ a resolution1 t _! ,s5ators 9 ,congress be in/ruct$ to make e possible ex]tion to effect ! passage ( a law = ! abolition ( ,slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahcg1 ! ,s5ate ( ,massa*usetts ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress hav+ exclusive legislation 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 possess ! "r to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade !re94 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives pass$ ! foll[+ resolution at ! same session3 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress hav+ exclusive legislation 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 possess ! "r to aboli% slav]y 9 said ,di/rict4 ,novemb] #a1 #ahcg1 ! ,legislature ( ,v]mont1 ,resolv$ t ,congress h ! full p[] by ! con/itution to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & 9 ! t]ritories4 ,9 ,may1 #ahch1 ! ,legislature ( ,connecticut pass$ a resolution ass]t+ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahcf1 ! ,legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,resolv$1 ,t we %\ld consid] ! abolition ( ,slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia z a violation ( ! rights ( ! citiz5s ( t ,di/rict d]iv$ f ! impli$ conditions on :i* t t]ritory 0 c$$ to ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,in/ead ( d5y+ ! con/itutional p[]1 !y virtually admit its exi/5ce1 by /riv+ to smo!r x "u an implication4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahcf1 ! ,legislature ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,resolv$1 ,t1 al?\gh by ! ,con/itution all legislative p[] ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia is ve/$ 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 yet we w\ld deprecate any legislative action on ! "p ( t body t[>ds lib]at+ ! slaves ( t ,di/rict1 z a brea* ( fai? t[>ds ^? ,/ates by :om ! t]ritory 0 orig9ally c$$4 ,"h is a full concession ( ! p[]4 ,febru>y #b1 #ahcf1 ! ,virg9ia ,legislature pass$ unanim\sly ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 by ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,virg9ia1 t ! foll[+ article be propos$ to ! sev]al /ates ( ?is ,union1 & to ,congress1 z an am5dm5t ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,! p[]s ( ,congress %all n be s con/ru$ z to au?orize ! passage ( any law = ! emancipation ( slaves 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! individual proprietors !re(1 unless by ! sanction ( ! ,legislatures ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 & "u su* conditions z !y %all by law prescribe4 ,fifty ye>s aft] ! =mation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution ! /ates are solemnly call$ ^u by ! ,virg9ia ,legislature1 to am5d t in/rum5t by a clause ass]t+ t1 9 ! grant to ,congress ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] ! ,di/rict1 ! case ( slav]y is n includ$66 ,:at c\ld h dictat$ su* a resolution b ! conviction t ! p[] to aboli% slav]y is an irresi/ible inf]5ce f ! con/itution z x is8 ,! fact t ! same legislature1 pass$ aft]w>d a resolution1 ?\gh by no means unanim\sly1 t ,congress does n possess ! p[]1 abates n a title ( ! te/imony 9 ! fir/ resolution4 ,m>* #bc;d1 #ahbd1 ,mr4 ,br[n pres5t$ ! resolutions ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,ohio1 recomm5d+ to ,congress ! consid]ation ( a sy/em = ! gradual emancipation ( p]sons ( color held 9 s]vitude 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on ! same day1 ,mr4 ,noble1 ( ,indiana1 communicat$ a resolution f ! legislature ( t /ate1 respect+ ! gradual emancipation ( slaves )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,s5ate1 = #ahbd-e1 p4#bca4 ,! ,ohio & ,indiana resolutions1 by tak+ = grant$ ! g5]al p[] ( ,congress ov] ! subject ( slav]y1 d virtually ass]t its special p[] )9 its exclusive jurisdiction4 #e4 ,,?is ,,p[] ,,has ,,be5 ,,conc$$ ,,by ,,bodies ,,( ,,citiz5s ,,9 ,,! ,,slave ,,/ates4 ,! petition ( elev5 hundr$ citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict1 has be5 already m5tion$4 ,m>* #e1ahcj1 ,mr4 ,wa%+ton pres5t$ a memorial ( inhabitants ( ! c\nty ( ,fr$]ick1 9 ! /ate ( ,m>yl&1 pray+ t provision be made = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbi-cj1 p4 #ceh4 ,m>* #cj1 #ahbh4 ,mr4 ,a4,h4 ,%epp]d1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 pres5t$ a memorial ( citiz5s ( t /ate1 pray+ ,congress to take measures = ! entire abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbi-cj1 p4 #cgi4 ,janu>y #ad1 #ahbb4 ,mr4 ,rhea1 ( ,t5nessee1 pres5t$ a memorial ( citiz5s ( t /ate1 pray+ t provision may be made1 :]eby all slaves t may h]eaft] be born 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 %all be free at a c]ta9 p]iod ( _! lives4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahba-bb1 p4#adb4 ,decemb] #ac1 #ahbd4 ,mr4 ,saund]s ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 pres5t$ a memorial ( ! citiz5s ( t /ate1 pray+ t measures may be tak5 = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,j\rnal ,h4,r4 #ahbd-be1 p4#bg4 ,decemb] #af1 #ahbh4 ,mr4 ,b>n>d pres5t$ ! memorial ( ! ,am]ican ,conv5tion = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 held 9 ,baltimore1 pray+ t slav]y may be aboli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,j\rnal ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 #ahbh-bi1 p4#bd4 #f4 ,,di/+ui%$ ,,/atesm5 ,,& ,,juri/s ,,9 ,,! ,,slavehold+ ,,/ates1 ,,h ,,conc$$ ,,?is ,,p[]4 ,! te/imony ,( ,messrs4 ,doddridge1 & ,p[ell1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,cran*1 & ,judges ,morsel & ,van ,ness1 ( ! ,di/rict1 has already be5 giv54 ,9 ! debate 9 ,congress on ! memorial ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 9 #agij1 ,mr4 ,madison1 9 speak+ ( ! t]ritories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 explicitly decl>$1 f 8 own k ( ! views ( ! memb]s ( ! conv5tion t fram$ ! con/itution1 z well z f ! obvi\s import ( its t]ms1 t 9 ! t]ritories1 ,congress h c]ta9ly ! p[] to regulate ! subject ( slav]y4 ,congress c h no m p[] ov] ! t]ritories ?an t ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 consequ5tly1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,madison1 x has c]ta9ly ! p[] to regulate ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahaf1 ,mr4 ,r&olph ( ,virg9ia1 introduc$ a resolution = putt+ a /op to ! dome/ic slave trade )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,decemb] #ab1 #ahbg1 ,mr4 ,b>ney1 ( ,m>yl&1 pres5t$ a memorial = abolition 9 ! ,di/rict1 & mov$ t x be pr9t$4 ,mr4 ,mc,duffie1 ( ,s4,c41 object$ to ! pr9t+1 b expressly admitt$ ! "r ( ,congress to grant to ! p ( ! ,di/rict any measure :i* !y might deem necess>y to free !mselves f ! deplorable evil4--,see lett] ( ,mr4 ,claiborne ( ,miss4 to 8 con/itu5ts publi%$ 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,globe1 ,may #i1 #ahcf4 ,! s5tim5ts ( ,mr4 ,clay ( ,k5tucky1 on ! subject are well kn[n4 ,9 a spee* be=e ! ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 9 #ahcf1 he decl>$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict unque/ionable4 ,messrs4 ,blair1 ( ,t5nessee1 & ,*ilton1 ,lyon1 & ,r4,m4 ,johnson1 ( ,k5tucky1 ,a4,h4 ,%epp]d1 ( ,n4,c41 ,messrs4 ,arm/rong & ,smy? ( ,va41 ,messrs4 ,dorsey1 ,ar*]1 & ,b>ney1 ( ,md41 & ,johns1 ( ,del41 ) num]\s o!rs f slave /ates h ass]t$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,9 ! spee* ( ,mr4 ,smy?1 ( ,virg9ia1 on ! ,miss\ri "q1 ,janu>y #bh1 #ahbj1 he says on ?is po9t3 ,if ! future fre$om ( ! blacks is y\r real object1 & n a m]e pret5ce1 :y d y beg9 "h8 ,)9 ! t5 miles squ>e1 y h und\bt$ p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation4 ,produce a bill to emancipate ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or1 if y pref] x1 to emancipate ^? born h]eaft]4 ,to ?is may be add$ ! te/imony ( ! pres5t ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,hon4 ,ri*>d ,m4 ,johnson1 ( ,k5tucky4 ,9 a spee* be=e ! ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 ,febru>y #a1 #ahbj1 7,national ,intellig5c]1 ,april #bi1 #ahbi17 he says3 ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 conta9+ a population ( #cj1jjj s\ls1 & probably z _m slaves z ! :ole t]ritory ( ,miss\ri1 ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,provid+ ,,= ,,_! ,,emancipation ,,re/s ,,) ,,congress ,,alone4 ,:y !n1 ?is he>t-r5d+ sympa?y = ! slaves ( ,miss\ri1 & ?is cold ins5sibility1 ?is et]nal apa?y1 t[>ds ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia8 ,x is q unnecess>y to add1 t ! mo/ di/+ui%$ nor!rn /atesm5 ( bo? political p>ties1 h always affirm$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,presid5t ,van ,bur5 9 8 lett] ( ,m>* #f1 #ahcf1 to a committee ( ,g5tlem5 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 says1 ,i w\ld n1 f ! light n[ be=e me1 feel myself safe 9 pron\nc+ t ,congress does n possess ! p[] ( aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,?is decl>ation ( ! ,presid5t is consi/5t ) 8 av[$ s5tim5ts t\*+ ! ,miss\ri "q1 on :i* he co9cid$ ) su* m5 z ,daniel ,d4 ,?ompk9s1 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton1 & o!rs1 ^: names are a ho/4,a ,x is consi/5t1 also ) 8 recomm5dation 9 8 la/ message1 9 :i* speak+ ( ! ,di/rict1 he /rongly urges ^u ,congress a ?or\gh & c>eful revision ( its local gov]nm5t1 speaks ( ! entire indep5d5ce ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict ^u ,congress1 recomm5ds t a uni=m sy/em ( local gov]nm5t be adopt$1 & adds1 t al?\gh x 0 select$ z ! seat ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 ! site ( its public edifices1 ! depository ( its ar*ives1 & ! resid5ces ( (fic]s intru/$ ) l>ge am\nts ( public prop]ty1 & ! managem5t ( public bus9ess1 yet x nev] has be5 subject$ to1 or receiv$1 t special & compreh5sive legislation :i* ^! circum/ances peculi>ly dem&$4 ,footnote ,a3 ,mr4 ,van ,bur51 :5 a memb] ( ! ,s5ate ( ,new-,york1 vot$ = ! foll[+ preamble & resolutions1 :i* pass$ unanim\sly3--,jan4 #bh?1 #ahbj4 ,:]eas ! inhibit+ ! fur!r ext5sion ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is a subject ( deep conc]n to ! p ( ?is /ate3 & :]eas1 we consid] slav]y z an evil mu* to be deplor$1 & t e con/itutional b>ri] %\ld be int]pos$ to prev5t its fur!r ext5sion3 & t ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates cle>ly gives ,congress ! "r to require new /ates1 n compris$ )9 ! orig9al b\nd>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to make ! prohibition ( slav]y a condition ( _! admission into ! ,union3 ,!re=e1 ,resolv$1 ,t our ,s5ators be in/ruct$1 & our memb]s ( ,congress be reque/$1 to oppose ! admission z a /ate into ! ,union1 ( any t]ritory n compris$ z a=esaid1 )\t mak+ ! prohibition ( slav]y !re9 an indisp5sible condition ( admission4 ,! t5or ( ,mr4 ,tallmadge's spee* on ! "r ( petition1 & ( ,mr4 ,web/]'s on ! reception ( abolition memorials1 may be tak5 z univ]sal expon5ts ( ! s5tim5ts ( nor!rn /atesm5 z to ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,an explicit decl>ation1 t an ov]:elm+ majority ( ! pres5t ,congress conc$e ! p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict has j be5 made by ,rob]t ,b>nwell ,rhett1 a memb] ( ,congress f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 a lett] publi%$ 9 ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury ( ,dec4 #bg1 #ahcg4 ,! foll[+ is an extract3 ,! "t has arriv$ :5 we mu/ h new gu>anties "u ! con/itution1 or ! ,union mu/ be dissolv$4 ,our views ( ! con/itution are n ^? ( ! majority4 ,,an ,,ov]:elm+ ,,majority ?9k t by ! con/itution1 ,congress may aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia--may aboli% ! slave trade betwe5 ! ,/ates2 t is1 x may prohibit _! be+ c>ri$ out ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* !y are--& prohibit x 9 all ! t]ritories1 ,florida among !m4 ,!y ?9k1 ,,n ,,)\t ,,/rong ,,reasons1 t ! p[] ( ,congress ext5ds to all ( ^! subjects4 ,direct te/imony to %[ t ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 has always till rec5tly be5 univ]sally conc$$1 is p]haps q sup]flu\s4 ,we subjo91 h[ev]1 ! foll[+3 ,! ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 8 spee* on ! ,miss\ri "q1 quot$ above1 aft] cont5d+ t ! re/riction ( slav]y 9 ,miss\ri w\ld be uncon/itutional1 decl>es1 t ! p[] ( ,congress ov] slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ,,c\ld ,,n ,,be ,,que/ion$4 ,9 ! spee* ( ,mr4 ,smy?1 ( ,va41 also quot$ above1 he decl>es ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict to be ,,und\bt$4 ,mr4 ,su!rl&1 ( ,p5n41 9 a spee* 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 on ! motion to pr9t ,mr4 ,p9ckney's ,report1 is ?us report$ 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,globe1 ( ,may #i?1 '#cf4 ,he repli$ to ! rem>k t ! report conc$$ t ,congress _h a "r to legislate ^u ! subject 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & said t ,,su* ,a ,,"r ,,_h ,,nev] ,,be51 ,,till ,,rec5tly1 ,,d5i$4 ,! ,am]ican ,qu>t]ly ,review1 publi%$ at ,philadelphia1 ) a l>ge circulation & li/ ( contributors 9 ! slave /ates1 holds ! foll[+ language 9 ! ,septemb] ,no4 #ahcc1 p4 #ee3 ,"u ?is 'exclusive jurisdiction1' grant$ by ! con/itution1 ,congress has p[] to aboli% slav]y & ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,x w\ld h>dly be necess>y to /ate ?is z a di/9ct proposition1 _h x n be5 occasionally que/ion$4 ,! tru? ( ! ass]tion1 h[ev]1 is too obvi\s to admit ( argum5t--& we believe has ,,nev] ,,be5 ,,disput$ ,,by ,,p]sons ,,:o ,,are ,,famili> ,,) ,,! ,,con/itution4 ,,objections ,,to ,,! ,,=ego+ ,,conclusions ,,consid]$4 ,we n[ proce$ to notice briefly ! ma9 argum5ts t h be5 employ$ 9 ,congress & else:]e aga9/ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,"o ( ! mo/ plausible is1 t ! conditions on :i* ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia c$$ ! ,di/rict to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld be violat$1 if ,congress %\ld aboli% slav]y !re4 ,! reply to ?is is1 t ,congress _h no p[] to accept a cession c\pl$ ) conditions re/rict+ t p[] ( exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 ov] su* ,di/rict1 :i* 0 giv5 x by ! con/itution4 ,to %[ ! futility ( ! objection1 we ins]t "h ! acts ( cession4 ,! cession ( ,m>yl& 0 made 9 ,novemb]1 #aghh1 & is z foll[s3 ,an act to c$e to ,congress a di/rict ( t5 miles squ>e 9 ?is /ate = ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,be x enact$1 by ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,m>yl&1 t ! repres5tatives ( ?is /ate 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 appo9t$ to assemble at ,new-,york1 on ! fir/ ,w$nesday ( ,m>* next1 be1 & !y are2 h]eby au?oriz$ & requir$ on ! behalf ( ?is /ate1 to c$e to ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 any di/rict 9 ?is /ate1 n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e1 :i* ! ,congress may fix ^u1 & accept = ! seat ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,laws ( ,md41 v4 #b41 c4 #df4 ,! cession ( ,virg9ia 0 made on ! #c;d ( ,decemb]1 #aghh1 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,be x enact$ by ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 ,t a tract ( c\ntry1 n exce$+ t5 miles squ>e1 or any less] quantity1 to be locat$ )9 ! limits ( ! ,/ate1 & 9 any "p !re(2 z ,congress may1 by law1 direct1 %all be1 & ! same is h]eby =ev] c$$ & rel9qui%$ to ! ,congress & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 full & absolute "r1 & exclusive jurisdiction1 z well ( soil1 z ( p]sons resid+ or to reside !reon1 pursuant to ! t5or & effect ( ! eigh? section ( ! fir/ article ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b 7 !re no provisos to ^! acts8 ,! ,m>yl& act _h none4 ,! ,virg9ia act _h ?is proviso3 ,sect4 #b4 ,provid$1 t no?+ h]e9 conta9$1 %all be con/ru$ to ve/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates any "r ( prop]ty 9 ! soil1 or to affect ! rights ( individuals !re91 o!rwise ?an ! same %all or may be transf]r$ by su* individuals to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is specification t\*+ ! soil 0 m]ely def9itive & explanatory ( t clause 9 ! act ( cession1 full & absolute "r4 ,in/ead ( re/ra9+ ! p[] ( ,congress on slav]y & o!r subjects1 x ev5 gives x fre] c\rse2 = exceptions to p>ts ( a rule1 give d\ble confirmation to ^? p>ts n embrac$ 9 ! exceptions4 ,if x 0 ! design ( ! proviso to re/rict congressional action on ! subject ( slav]y1 :y is ! soil alone specifi$8 ,z legal in/rum5ts are n p>agons ( economy 9 words1 might n ,john ,doe1 out ( 8 abundance1 & )\t spoil+ 8 /yle1 h af=d$ an additional ^w--at lea/ a h9t--t slav]y 0 meant1 ?\gh no?+ 0 said ab\t x8 ,b aga91 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 9 _! acts ( cession1 decl>e !m to be made 9 pursuance ( t clause ( ! con/itution :i* gives to ,congress exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] ! t5 miles squ>e--?us1 in/ead ( re/rict+ t clause1 bo? ,/ates confirm x4 ,n[1 _! acts ( cession ei!r accord$ ) t clause ( ! con/itution1 or !y conflict$ ) x4 ,if !y conflict$ ) x1 accept+ ! cessions 0 a violation ( ! con/itution4 ,! fact t ,congress accept$ ! cessions1 proves t 9 its views _! t]ms did n conflict ) its con/itutional grant ( p[]4 ,! inquiry :e!r ^! acts ( cession 7 consi/5t or inconsi/5t ) ! ,unit$ ,/atus' con/itution1 is totally irrelevant to ! "q at issue4 ,:at ) ! ,,con/itution8 ,t is ! "q4 ,n1 :at ) ,virg9ia1 or ,m>yl&1 or--equally to ! po9t--,john ,bull6 ,if ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia _h be5 ! au?oriz$ int]pret]s ( ! con/itution = ! ,union1 ^! acts ( cession c\ld h>dly h be5 m magnifi$ ?an !y h be5 rec5tly by ! s\!rn delegation 9 ,congress4 ,a true und]/&+ ( ! con/itution c be _h1 =soo?1 only by hold+ x up 9 ! light ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia legislation6 ,we are told1 aga91 t ^? ,/ates w\ld n h c$$ ! ,di/rict if !y _h suppos$ ! con/itution gave ,congress p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 x4 ,?is comes ) an ill grace f ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia4 ,!y knew ! con/itution4 ,!y 7 p>ties to x4 ,!y _h sift$ x1 clause by clause1 9 _! ,/ate conv5tions4 ,!y _h weigh$ its words 9 ! balance--!y _h te/$ !m z by fire2 &1 f9ally1 aft] long pond]+1 !y adopt$ ! con/itution4 ,& aft]w>d1 self-mov$1 !y c$$ ! t5 miles squ>e1 & decl>$ ! cession made 9 pursuance ( t (t-cit$ clause1 ,congress %all h p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,& n[ v]ily !y w\ld n h c$$ if !y _h suppos$6 c4 ,c$e x !y did1 & 9 full & absolute "r bo? ( soil & p]sons4 ,congress accept$ ! cession--/ate p[] ov] ! ,di/rict ceas$1 & congressional p[] ov] x comm5c$1--& n[1 ! sole "q to be settl$ is1 ! am\nt ( p[] ov] ! ,di/rict lodg$ 9 ,congress by ! con/itution4 ,! con/itution--,,! ,,con/itution--t is ! po9t4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia suppositions mu/ be pot5t suppositions to abrogate a clause ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution6 ,t clause ei!r gives ,congress p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 or x does n--& t po9t is to be settl$1 n by /ate suppositions1 nor /ate usages1 nor /ate legislation1 b by ! t]ms ( ! clause !mselves4 ,s\!rn memb]s ( ,congress1 9 ! rec5t discussions1 h conc$$ ! p[] ( a cont+5t abolition 9 ! ,di/rict1 by susp5d+ x ^u ! cons5t ( ! p4 ,su* a doctr9e f declaim]s l ,messrs4 ,al=d1 ( ,georgia1 & ,walk]1 ( ,mississippi1 w\ld excite no surprise2 b t x %\ld be honor$ ) ! endorsem5t ( su* m5 z ,mr4 ,rives & ,mr4 ,calh\n1 is q unacc\ntable4 ,are attributes ( sov]eignty m]e creatures ( cont+5cy8 ,is delegat$ au?ority m]e conditional p]mission8 ,is a con/itutional p[] to be ex]cis$ by ^? :o hold x1 only by popul> suff]ance8 ,mu/ x lie helpless at ! pool ( public s5tim5t1 wait+ ! graci\s tr\bl+ ( its wat]s8 ,is x a lifeless corpse1 save only :5 popul> cons5t deigns to puff brea? into its no/rils8 ,besides1 if ! cons5t ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict be necess>y1 ! cons5t ( ! :ole p mu/ be _h--n t ( a majority1 h[ev] l>ge4 ,majorities1 to be au?oritative1 mu/ be legal--& a legal majority )\t legislative p[]1 or "r ( repres5tation1 or ev5 ! electoral fran*ise1 w\ld be truly an anomaly6 ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 su* a ?+ z a majority 9 a legal s5se is unkn[n to law4 ,to talk ( ! p[] ( a majority1 or ! w ( a majority !re1 is m]e m\?+4 ,a majority8 ,!n x has an au?oritative w1 & an organ to make x kn[n1 & an executive to c>ry x into effect--,:]e are !y8 ,we repeat x--if ! cons5t ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict be necess>y1 ! cons5t ( e "o is necess>y--& univ]sal cons5t w come only ) ! ,greek ,kal5ds & a p]petual motion4 ,a s+le individual might ?us p]petuate slav]y 9 defiance ( ! express$ w ( a :ole p4 ,! mo/ common =m ( ?is fallacy is giv5 by ,mr4 ,wise1 ( ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee*1 ,febru>y #af1 #ahce1 9 :i* he d5i$ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 unless ! inhabitants own+ slaves petition$ = x66 ,s\!rn memb]s ( ,congress at ! pres5t session 7#ahcg-h7 r+ *anges almo/ daily ^u ! same fallacy4 ,:at6 pray ,congress to use a p[] :i* x has n8 ,x is requir$ ( a man accord+ to :at he ha?1 sai? ! ,scripture4 ,i comm5d ,mr4 ,wise to ,paul = 8 e?ics4 ,w\ld t he _h got 8 logic ( him6 ,if ,congress does n possess ! p[]1 :y taunt x ) its weakness1 by ask+ its ex]cise8 ,petition+1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,wise1 is1 9 matt]s ( legislation1 omnipot5ce itself2 ! v s\rce ( all con/itutional p[]2 =1 ask+ ,congress to d :at x _c d1 gives x ! p[]6--to pray ! ex]cise ( a p[] t is n1 creates x6 ,a beautiful !ory6 ,let u "w x bo? ways4 ,if to petition = ! ex]cise ( a p[] t is n1 creates x--to petition aga9/ ! ex]cise ( a p[] t is1 annihilates x4 ,z s\!rn g5tlem5 are p>tial to summ>y processes1 pray1 sirs1 try ! virtue ( y\r own recipe on exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]2 a bett] subject = exp]im5t & te/ ( ! prescription c\ld n be _h4 ,b if ! petitions ( ! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict give ,congress ! "r to aboli% slav]y1 !y impose ! duty2 if !y conf] con/itutional au?ority1 !y create con/itutional obligation4 ,if ,congress may aboli% because ( an expression ( _! w1 x mu/ aboli% at ! bidd+ ( t w4 ,if ! p ( ! ,di/rict are a s\rce ( p[] to ,congress1 _! express$ w has ! =ce ( a con/itutional provision1 & has ! same b9d+ p[] ^u ! ,national ,legislature4 ,to make ,congress dep5d5t on ! ,di/rict = au?ority1 is to make x a subject ( its au?ority1 re/ra9+ ! ex]cise ( its own discretion1 & s9k+ x into a m]e organ ( ! ,di/rict's w4 ,we proce$ to ano!r objection4 ,! s\!rn /ates w\ld n h ratifi$ ! con/itution1 if !y _h suppos$ t x gave ?is p[]4 ,x is a suffici5t answ] to ?is objection1 t ! nor!rn /ates w\ld n h ratifi$ x1 if !y _h suppos$ t x )held ! p[]4 ,if suppositions are to take ! place ( ! con/itution--com+ f bo? sides1 !y neutralize ea* o!r4 ,to argue a con/itutional "q by guess+ at ! suppositions t might h be5 made by ! p>ties to x w\ld f9d small favor 9 a c\rt ( law4 ,b ev5 a desp]ate %ift is "s easem5t :5 sorely pu%$4 ,if ?is "q is to be settl$ by suppositions1 suppositions %all be =?com+1 & t )\t /9t4 ,fir/1 !n1 ,i affirm t ! ,nor? ratifi$ ! con/itution1 suppos+ t slav]y _h begun to wax old1 & w\ld spe$ily vani% away1 & especially t ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 :i* by ! con/itution 0 to be surr5d]$ to ,congress aft] tw5ty ye>s1 w\ld plunge x headlong4 ,w\ld ! ,nor? h adopt$ ! con/itution1 giv+ ?ree-fif?s ( ! slave prop]ty a repres5tation1 if x _h suppos$ t ! slaves w\ld h increas$ f half a million to two millions & a half by #ahch--;& t ! c5sus ( #ahdj w\ld give to ! slave /ates ?irty repres5tatives ( slave prop]ty8 ,if !y _h suppos$ t ?is repres5tation w\ld h controll$ ! legislation ( ! gov]nm5t1 & c>ri$ aga9/ ! ,nor? e "q vital to its int]e/s1 w\ld ,hamilton1 ,frankl91 ,%]man1 ,g]ry1 ,liv+/on1 ,langdon1 & ,rufus ,k+ h be5 su* madm51 z to sign ! con/itution1 & ! ,nor!rn ,/ates su* suicides z to ratify x8 ,e self-pres]v+ in/9ct w\ld h %riek$ at su* an infatuate immolation4 ,at ! adoption ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates con/itution1 slav]y 0 reg>d$ z a fa/ wan+ sy/em4 ,?is conviction 0 univ]sal4 ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son1 ,h5ry1 ,grayson1 ,tuck]1 ,madison1 ,wy!1 ,p5dleton1 ,lee1 ,blair1 ,mason1 ,page1 ,p>k]1 ,r&olph1 ,ir$ell1 ,spaight1 ,ramsey1 ,p9kney1 ,m>t91 ,mc,henry1 ,*ase1 & ne>ly all ! illu/ri\s names s\? ( ! ,potomac1 proclaim$ x be=e ! sun4 ,a reason urg$ 9 ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution1 :y ! ^w slave %\ld n be us$ 9 x1 01 t :5 slav]y %\ld cease !re might rema9 ^u ! ,national ,*>t] no record t x _h ev] be54 7,see spee* ( ,mr4 ,burrill1 ( ,r4,i41 on ! ,miss\ri "q47 ,i n[ proce$ to %[ by te/imony1 t at ! date ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution1 & = sev]al ye>s be=e & aft] t p]iod1 slav]y 0 rapidly on ! wane2 t ! ,am]ican ,revolution ) ! great ev5ts prec$+1 accompany+1 & foll[+ x1 _h wr\ght an imm5se & almo/ univ]sal *ange 9 ! public s5tim5t ( ! nation on ! subject1 p[]fully impell+ x t[>d ! entire abolition ( ! sy/em--& t x 0 ! g5]al belief t measures = its abolition ?r\gh\t ! ,union1 w\ld be comm5c$ by ! ,/ates g5]ally be=e ! lapse ( _m ye>s4 ,a great mass ( te/imony e/abli%+ ?is position might be pres5t$1 b n>r[ space1 & ! importance ( spe$y publication1 c\nsel brevity4 ,let ! foll[+ pro(s suffice4 ,fir/1 a few dates z po9ts ( obs]vation4 ,9 #ageg1 ,commission]s f sev5 colonies met at ,albany1 resolv$ ^u a ,union & propos$ a plan ( g5]al gov]nm5t4 ,9 #agfe1 delegates f n9e colonies met at ,new ,york & s5t =? a bill ( rights4 ,! fir/ g5]al ,congress met 9 #aggd4 ,! fir/ ,congress ( ! ?irte5 colonies met 9 #agge4 ,! revolution>y w> comm5c$ 9 '#ge4 ,indep5d5ce 0 decl>$ 9 '#gf4 ,! articles ( conf$]ation 7 adopt$ by ! ?irte5 /ates 9 '#gg & '#gh4 ,indep5d5ce ackn[l$g$ 9 '#hc4 ,! conv5tion = =m+ ! ,u4,s4 con/itution 0 held 9 '#hg1 ! /ate conv5tions = consid]+ x 9 '#hg & '#hh4 ,! fir/ ,congress "u ! con/itution 9 '#hi4 ,dr4 ,ru%1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 "o ( ! sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 9 a lett] to ,granville ,%>pe1 ,may #a1 #aggc1 says3 ,a _s ( humanity & religion beg9s to awak5 9 sev]al ( ! colonies 9 favor ( ! poor negroes4 ,great ev5ts h be5 br\ght ab\t by small beg9n+s4 ,an?ony ,bnzet /ood alone a few ye>s ago 9 oppos+ negro slav]y 9 ,philadelphia1 & ,,n[ ,,?ree-,,f\r?s ,,( ,,! ,,prov9ce ,,z ,,well ,,z ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,cry ,,out ,,aga9/ ,,x4--,/u>t's ,life ( ,granville ,%>pe1 p4 #ba4 ,9 ! preamble to ! act prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves into ,rhode ,isl&1 ,june1 #aggd1 is ! foll[+3 ,:]eas ! inhabitants ( ,am]ica are g5]ally engag$ 9 ! pres]vation ( _! own rights & lib]ties1 among :i* t ( p]sonal fre$om mu/ be consid]$ ! greate/1 & z ^? :o are desir\s ( enjoy+ all ! advantages ( lib]ty !mselves1 %\ld be will+ to ext5d p]sonal lib]ty to o!rs1 !re=e1 c4 ,octob] #bj1 #aggd1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress pass$ ! foll[+3 ,we1 = ourselves & ! inhabitants ( ! sev]al colonies :om we repres5t1 firmly agree & associate "u ! sacr$ ties ( virtue1 honor1 & love ( our c\ntry1 z foll[s3 #b;d ,article4 ,we w nei!r import nor pur*ase any slaves import$ aft] ! fir/ day ( ,decemb] next1 aft] :i* "t we w :olly discont9ue ! slave trade1 & we w nei!r be conc]n$ 9 x ourselves1 nor w we hire our vessels nor sell our commodities or manufactures to ^? :o are conc]n$ 9 x4 ,! ,cont95tal ,congress1 9 #agge1 sett+ =? ! causes & ! necessity = tak+ up arms1 say3 ,if x 7 possible = m5 :o ex]cise _! reason to believe t ! div9e ,au?or ( our exi/5ce int5d$ a "p ( ! human race to hold an absolute prop]ty 91 & unb\nd$ p[] ov] o!rs1 c4 ,9 #aggf1 ,dr4 ,hopk9s1 !n at ! head ( ,new ,engl& div9es1 9 ,an ,address to ! own]s ( negro slaves 9 ! ,am]ican colonies1 says3 ,! conviction ( ! unju/ifiabl5ess ( ?is practice 7slav]y7 has be5 increas+1 & greatly spread+ ( late1 & _m :o h _h slaves1 h f\nd !mselves s unable to ju/ify _! own conduct 9 hold+ !m 9 bondage1 z to be induc$ to set !m at lib]ty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,slav]y is 9 e in/ance1 wrong1 unrighte\s1 & oppressive--a v great & cry+ s9--!re be+ no?+ ( ! k9d equal to x on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,! same ye> ! ,am]ican ,congress issu$ a solemn ,,manife/o to ! _w4 ,^! 7 its fir/ words3 ,we hold ^! tru?s to be self-evid5t1 t all m5 are creat$ equal1 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among ^! are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,once1 ^! 7 words ( p[]2 n[1 a rhetorical fl\ri%4 ,! ,virg9ia ,gazette ( ,m>* #ai1 #agfg1 9 an essay on slav]y says3 ,!re _c be 9 nature1 !re is n 9 all hi/ory1 an in/ance 9 :i* e "r ( man is m flagrantly violat$4 ,en\gh ,i hope has be5 effect$ to prove t slav]y is a violation ( ju/ice & religion4 ,! celebrat$ ,patrick ,h5ry ( ,virg9ia1 9 a lett]1 ,jan4 #ah1 #aggc1 to ,rob]t ,pleasants1 aft]w>ds presid5t ( ! ,virg9ia ,abolition ,society1 says3 ,believe me1 ,i %all honor ! ,quak]s = _! noble ef=ts to aboli% slav]y4 ,x is a debt we owe to ! purity ( our religion to %[ t x is at v>iance ) t law t w>rants slav]y4 ,i exhort y to p]sev]e 9 s wor?y a resolution4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,*ronicle ( ,nov4 #ba1 #agfh1 says3 ,let e black t %all h5ce=? be born among/ u be deem$ free4 ,"o /ep f>!r w\ld be to emancipate ! :ole race1 re/or+ t lib]ty we h s long unju/ly deta9$ f !m4 ,till "s /ep ( ?is k9d be tak5 we %all ju/ly be ! d]ision ( ! :ole _w4 ,9 #aggi1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress ord]$ a pamphlet to be publi%$1 entitl$1 ,obs]vations on ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,! great pr9ciple 7( gov]nm5t7 is & ev] w rema9 9 =ce1 t m5 are by ,nature free2 & s long z we h any idea ( div9e ju/ice1 we mu/ associate t ( human fre$om4 ,x is conc$$ on all h&s1 t ! "r to be free ,,c ,,nev] ,,be ,,ali5at$4 ,extract f ! ,p5nsylvania act = ! abolition ( slav]y1 pass$ ,m>* #a1 #aghj3 99 99 99 ,we conceive t x is our duty1 & we rejoice t x is 9 our p[]1 to ext5d a portion ( t fre$om to o!rs :i* has be5 ext5d$ to u4 ,wean$ by a long c\rse ( exp]i5ce f ^? n>r[ prejudices & p>tialities we _h imbib$1 we f9d our he>ts enl>g$ ) k9dness & b5evol5ce t[>ds m5 ( all conditions & nations3 99 99 99 ,!re=e be x enact$1 t no *ild born h]eaft] be a slave1 c4 ,jeff]son1 9 8 ,notes on ,virg9ia1 writt5 j be=e ! close ( ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 says3 ,i ?9k a *ange already p]ceptible s9ce ! orig9 ( ! pres5t revolution4 ,! _s ( ! ma/] is abat+1 t ( ! slave is ris+ f ! du/1 8 condition mollify+1 & ! way ,i hope prep>+1 "u ! auspices ( heav51 ,,= ,a ,,total ,,emancipation4 ,9 a lett] to ,dr4 ,price1 ( ,london1 :o _h j publi%$ a pamphlet 9 favor ( ! abolition ( slav]y1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 !n m9i/] at ,p>is1 7,augu/ #g1 #aghe17 says3 ,f ! m\? to ! head ( ! ,*esapeake1 ! bulk ( ! p w approve ( y\r pamphlet 9 !ory1 & x w f9d a respectable m9ority ready to adopt x 9 practice--a m9ority :i*1 = weight & wor? ( "*1 prepond]ates aga9/ ! great] numb]4 ,speak+ ( ,virg9ia1 he says3 ,?is is ! next /ate to :i* we may turn our eyes = ! int]e/+ spectacle ( ju/ice 9 conflict ) av>ice & oppression1--a conflict 9 :i* ! ,,sacr$ ,,side ,,is ,,ga9+ ,,daily ,,recruits4 ,be n1 !re=e1 disc\rag$--:at y h writt5 w d a great deal ( good2 & c\ld y /ill tr\ble y\rself ) our welf>e1 no man is m able to give aid to ! labor+ side4 ,! ,college ( ,william & ,m>y1 s9ce ! remodell+ ( its plan1 is ! place :]e are collect$ toge!r all ! "y m5 ( ,virg9ia1 "u prep>ation = public life4 ,!y are !re "u ! direction 7mo/ ( !m7 ( a ,mr4 ,wy!1 "o ( ! mo/ virtu\s ( *>act]s1 & ^: s5tim5ts on ! subject ( slav]y are unequivocal4 ,i am satisfi$1 if y c\ld resolve to address an exhortation to ^? "y m5 ) all t eloqu5ce ( :i* y are ma/]1 t its influ5ce on ! future decision ( ?is important "q w\ld be great1 p]haps decisive4 ,?us4 y see1 t s f> f ?9k+ y h cause to rep5t ( :at y h done1 ,i wi% y to d m1 & ,i wi% x on an assurance ( its effect4--,jeff]son's ,po/hum\s ,works1 vol4 #a1 p4 #bfh4 ,9 #aghf1 ,john ,jay draft$ & sign$ a petition to ! ,legislature ( ,new ,york1 on ! subject ( slav]y1 beg9n+ ) ^! words3 ,y\r memoriali/s be+ deeply affect$ by ! situation ( ^?1 :o1 al?\gh1 ,,free ,,by ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,god1 are held 9 slav]y by ! laws ( ! ,/ate1 c4 ,?is memorial bore also ! signatures ( ! celebrat$ ,alex&] ,hamilton2 ,rob]t ,r4 ,liv+/on1 aft]w>ds ,secret>y ( ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,*ancellor ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york2 ,james ,duane1 ,mayor ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 & _m o!rs ( ! mo/ em95t individuals 9 ! ,/ate4 ,9 ! preamble ( an in/rum5t1 by :i* ,mr4 ,jay emancipat$ a slave 9 #aghd1 is ! foll[+ passage3 ,:]eas1 ! *ildr5 ( m5 are by nature equally free1 & _c1 )\t inju/ice1 be ei!r r$uc$ to or ,,held 9 slav]y4 ,9 8 lett] :ile ,m9i/] at ,spa91 9 #aghf1 he says1 speak+ ( ! abolition ( slav]y3 ,till ,am]ica comes into ?is measure1 h] pray]s to heav5 w be ,,impi\s4 ,i believe ,god gov]ns ! _w2 & ,i believe x to be a maxim 9 81 z 9 our c\rt1 t ^? :o ask = equity ought to d x4 ,9 #aghe1 ! ,new ,york ,manumission ,society 0 =m$4 ,john ,jay 0 *os5 its fir/ ,presid5t1 & held ! (fice five ye>s4 ,alex&] ,hamilton 0 its second ,presid5t1 & aft] hold+ ! (fice "o ye>1 resign$ ^u 8 removal to ,philadelphia z ,secret>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,treasury4 ,9 #aghg1 ! ,p5nsylvania ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 w>m f ! discussions ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,u4,s4 con/itution1 0 *os5 ,presid5t1 & ,b5jam9 ,ru% ,secret>y--bo? sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,9 #aghi1 ! ,m>yl& ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,among its (fic]s 7 ,samuel ,*ase1 ,judge ( ! ,u4,s4 ,supreme ,c\rt1 & ,lu!r ,m>t91 a memb] ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,u4,s4 con/itution4 ,9 #agij1 ! ,connecticut ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,! fir/ ,presid5t 0 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/iles1 ,presid5t ( ,yale ,college1 & ! ,secret>y1 ,simeon ,baldw91 7late ,judge ,baldw9 ( ,new ,hav547 ,9 #agia1 ?is ,society s5t a memorial to ,congress1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,f a sob] conviction ( ! unrighte\sness ( slav]y1 y\r petition]s h long beheld1 ) grief1 our fell[ m5 doom$ to p]petual bondage1 9 a c\ntry :i* boa/s ( h] fre$om4 ,y\r petition]s 7 l$1 by motives1 we conceive1 ( g5]al philan?ropy1 to associate ourselves = ! protection & assi/ance ( ?is un=tunate "p ( our fell[ m52 &1 ?\gh ?is ,society has be5 lately e/abli%$1 x has n[ become g5]ally ext5sive ?r\gh ?is /ate1 &1 we fully believe1 embraces1 on ?is subject1 ! s5tim5ts ( a l>ge majority ( its citiz5s4 ,! same ye> ! ,virg9ia ,abolition ,society 0 =m$4 ,?is ,society1 & ! ,m>yl& ,society1 _h auxili>ies 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ^? ,/ates4 ,bo? societies s5t up memorials to ,congress4 ,! memorial ( ! ,virg9ia ,society is head$--,! memorial ( ! ,virg9ia ,society1 = promot+ ! ,abolition ( ,slav]y1 c4 ,! foll[+ is an extract3 ,y\r memoriali/s1 fully believ+ t slav]y is n only an odi\s degradation1 b an outrage\s violation ( "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial rights ( human nature1 & utt]ly repugnant to ! precepts ( ! gospel1 c4 ,ab\t ! same "t a ,society 0 =m$ 9 ,new-,j]sey4 ,x _h an act+ committee ( five memb]s 9 ea* c\nty 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ! preamble to its con/itution3 ,x is our boa/1 t we live "u a gov]nm5t1 :]e9 life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess1 are recogniz$ z ! univ]sal rights ( m54 ,we abhor t inconsi/5t1 illib]al1 & int]e/$ policy1 :i* )holds ^? rights f an un=tunate & degrad$ class ( our fell[ creatures4 ,among o!r di/+ui%$ individuals :o 7 effici5t (fic]s ( ^! ,abolition ,societies1 & delegates f _! respective /ate societies1 at ! annual meet+s ( ! ,am]ican conv5tion = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 7 ,hon4 ,uriah ,tracy1 ,unit$ ,/ates' ,s5ator1 f ,connecticut2 ,hon4 ,zephaniah ,swift1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! same ,/ate2 ,hon4 ,ces> ,a4 ,rodney1 ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,hon4 ,james ,a4 ,bay>d1 ,unit$ ,/ates' ,s5ator1 f ,delaw>e2 ,gov]nor ,bloomfield1 ( ,new-,j]sey2 ,hon4 ,wm4 ,rawle1 ! late v5]able head ( ! ,philadelphia b>2 ,dr4 ,casp> ,wi/>1 ( ,philadelphia2 ,messrs4 ,fo/] & ,till+ha/1 ( ,rhode ,isl&2 ,messrs4 ,ridgely1 ,bu*anan1 & ,wilk9son1 ( ,m>yl&2 & ,messrs4 ,pleasants1 ,mc,lean1 & ,an?ony1 ( ,virg9ia4 ,9 ,july1 #aghg1 ! old ,congress pass$ ! celebrat$ ord9ance aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! nor?we/]n t]ritory1 & decl>+ t x %\ld nev] !reaft] exi/ !re4 ,?is ord9ance 0 pass$ :ile ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution 0 9 session4 ,at ! fir/ session ( ,congress "u ! con/itution1 ?is ord9ance 0 ratifi$ by a special act4 ,wa%+ton1 fre% f ! discussions ( ! conv5tion1 9 :i* m ?an =ty days _h be5 sp5t 9 adju/+ ! "q ( slav]y1 gave x 8 approval4 ,! act pass$ ) only "o diss5t+ voice1 7t ( ,mr4 ,yates1 ( ,new ,york17 ! ,s\? equally ) ! ,nor? av[+ ! fitness & exp$i5cy ( ! measure on g5]al consid]ations1 & indicat+ ?us e>ly ! l9e ( national policy1 to be pursu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,gov]nm5t on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,9 ! debates 9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion1 ,mr4 ,ir$ell1 aft]w>d a ,judge ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,supreme ,c\rt1 said1 ,:5 ! entire abolition ( slav]y takes place1 x w be an ev5t :i* mu/ be pleas+ to e g5]\s m9d & e fri5d ( human nature4 ,mr4 ,gall[ay said1 ,i wi% to see ?is abom9able trade put an end to4 ,i appreh5d ! clause 7t\*+ ! slave trade7 means to br+ =w>d manumission4 ,lu!r ,m>t91 ( ,m>yl&1 a memb] ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution1 said1 ,we ought to au?orize ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t to make su* regulations z %all be ?\ght mo/ advantage\s = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 & ! emancipation ( ! slaves :i* are already 9 ! ,/ates4 ,judge ,wilson1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 "o ( ! fram]s ( ! con/itution1 said1 9 ! ,p5nsylvania conv5tion ( '#hg1 ,deb4 ,pa4 ,con4 p4 #cjc1 #aef3 ,i consid] ?is 7! clause relative to ! slave trade7 z lay+ ! f\ndation = bani%+ slav]y out ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x w produce ! same k9d ( gradual *ange :i* 0 produc$ 9 ,p5nsylvania2 ! new ,/ates :i* are to be =m$ w be "u ! control ( ,congress 9 ?is p>ticul>1 & slaves w nev] be introduc$ among !m4 ,x pres5ts u ) ! pleas+ prospect t ! rights ( mank9d w be ackn[l$g$ & e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! ,union4 ,yet ! lapse ( a few ye>s1 & ,congress w h p[] to ext]m9ate slav]y )9 our bord]s4 ,9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion ( '#hg1 ,mr4 ,mason1 au?or ( ! ,virg9ia con/itution1 said1 ,! augm5tation ( slaves weak5s ! ,/ates1 & su* a trade is diabolical 9 itself1 & disgraceful to mank9d4 ,z mu* z ,i value a union ( all ! ,/ates1 ,i w\ld n admit ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 7i4e41 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia17 into ! union1 unless !y agree to a discont9uance ( ?is disgraceful trade4 ,mr4 ,tyl] oppos$ ) great p[] ! clause prohibit+ ! abolition ( ! slave trade till #ahjh1 & said1 ,my e>ne/ desire is1 t x %all be h&$ d[n to po/]ity t ,i oppose ?is wick$ clause4 ,mr4 ,johnson said1 ,! pr9ciple ( emancipation has begun s9ce ! revolution4 ,let u d :at we w1 x w come r\nd4--,deb4 ,va4 ,con4 p4 #dfc4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 argu+ ! p[] ( ,congress "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,/ates1 said1 9 ! same conv5tion1 ,ano!r ?+ w contribute to br+ ?is ev5t 7! abolition ( slav]y7 ab\t4 ,slav]y is dete/$4 ,we feel its fatal effects2 we deplore x ) all ! pity ( humanity4 ,gov]nor ,r&olph said3 ,!y insi/ t ! abolition ( slav]y w result f ?is ,con/itution4 ,i hope t !re is no "o "h1 :o w advance an objection s di%onorable to ,virg9ia--,i hope t at ! mom5t !y are secur+ ! rights ( _! citiz5s1 an objection w n be />t$1 t ^? un=tunate m5 n[ held 9 bondage1 by ! op]ation ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t may be made free6 ,deb4 ,va4 ,con4 p4 #dba4 ,9 ! ,mass4 ,con4 ( '#hh1 ,judge ,dawes said1 ,al?\gh slav]y is n smitt5 by an apoplexy1 yet x has receiv$ a mortal w\nd1 & w die ( consumption4--,deb4 ,mass4 ,con4 p4 #fj4 ,g5]al ,hea? said t1 ,slav]y 0 conf9$ to ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 x c\ld n be ext5d$4 ,by _! ord9ance1 ,congress _h decl>$ t ! new ,/ates %\ld be republican ,/ates1 & h no slav]y4--p4 #adg4 ,9 ! debate1 9 ! fir/ ,congress1 ,febru>y #aa? & #ab?1 #aghi1 on ! petitions ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 & ! ,p5nsylvania ,abolition ,society1 ,mr4 ,p>k]1 ( ,virg9ia1 said1 ,i _c help express+ ! pleasure ,i feel 9 f9d+ s consid]able a "p ( ! community att5d+ to matt]s ( su* a mom5t\s conc]n to ! future prosp]ity & happ9ess ( ! p ( ,am]ica4 ,i ?9k x my duty1 z a citiz5 ( ! ,union1 to esp\se _! cause4 ,mr4 ,page1 ( ,virg9ia1 7aft]w>ds ,gov]nor7--,0 9 favor ( ! commitm5t3 he hop$ t ! designs ( ! respectable memoriali/s w\ld n be /opp$ at ! ?re%old1 9 ord] to preclude a fair discussion ( ! pray] ( ! memorial4 ,he plac$ himself 9 ! case ( a slave1 & said1 t on he>+ t ,congress _h refus$ to li/5 to ! dec5t sugge/ions ( ! respectable "p ( ! community1 he %\ld inf]1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 f :i* 0 expect$ great good w\ld result to ,,e ,,class ( citiz5s1 _h %ut _! e>s aga9/ ! voice ( humanity1 & he %\ld despair ( any alleviation ( ! mis]ies he & 8 po/]ity _h 9 prospect2 if any ?+ c\ld induce him to rebel1 x mu/ be a /roke l ?is1 impress+ on 8 m9d all ! horrors ( despair4 ,b if he 0 told1 t application 0 made 9 8 behalf1 & t ,congress 7 will+ to he> :at c\ld be urg$ 9 favor ( disc\rag+ ! practice ( import+ 8 fell[-wret*es1 he w\ld tru/ 9 _! ju/ice & humanity1 & wait ! decision pati5tly4 ,mr4 ,scott ( ,p5nsylvania3 ,i _c1 = my "p1 conceive h[ any p]son c be said to acquire a prop]ty 9 ano!r4 ,i d n "k h[ f> ,i might g1 if ,i 0 "o ( ! judges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ^? p 7 to come be=e me & claim _! emancipation1 b ,i am sure ,i w\ld g z f> z ,i c\ld4 ,mr4 ,burke1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 said1 ,he saw ! disposition ( ! ,h\se1 & he fe>$ x w\ld be ref]r$ to a committee1 maugre all _! opposition4 ,mr4 ,baldw9 ( ,georgia said t ! clause 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,con/itution relat+ to direct taxes 0 int5d$ to prev5t ,congress f lay+ any special tax ^u negro slaves1 z !y might1 9 ?is way1 s bur!n ! possessors ( !m1 z to induce a ,,g5]al ,,emancipation4 ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 said1 ,t on ent]+ into ?is gov]nm5t1 !y 7,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia7 appreh5d$ t ! o!r /ates1 99 99 99 w\ld1 f motives ( humanity & b5evol5ce1 be l$ to vote = a g5]al emancipation4 ,9 ! debate1 at ! same session1 ,may #ac?1 #aghi1 on ! petition ( ! society ( ,fri5ds respect+ ! slave trade1 ,mr4 ,p>k]1 ( ,virg9ia1 said1 ,he hop$ ,congress w\ld d all t lay 9 _! p[] to re/ore to human nature its inh]5t privileges4 ,! inconsi/5cy 9 our pr9ciples1 ) :i* we are ju/ly *>g$ %\ld be done away4 ,mr4 ,jackson1 ( ,georgia1 said1 ,,x ,,0 ,,! ,,fa%ion ,,( ,,! ,,day ,,to ,,favor ,,! ,,lib]ty ,,( ,,! ,,slaves4 99 99 99 99 99 ,w ,virg9ia set h] negroes free8 ,:5 ?is practice comes to be tri$1 !n ! s\nd ( lib]ty w lose ^? *>ms :i* make x grateful to ! ravi%$ e>4 ,mr4 ,madison ( ,virg9ia1--,! dictates ( humanity1 ! pr9ciples ( ! p1 ! national safety & happ9ess1 & prud5t policy1 require x ( u4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,i conceive ! con/itution 9 ?is p>ticul> 0 =m$ 9 ord] t ! ,gov]nm5t1 :il/ x 0 re/ra9$ f lay+ a total prohibition1 might be able to give "s te/imony ( ! s5se ( ,am]ica1 ) respect to ! ,african trade4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is to be hop$1 t by express+ a national disapprobation ( ?is trade1 we may de/roy x1 & save ourselves f reproa*es1 ,,& ,,our ,,prosp]ity ,,! ,,imbecility ,,ev] ,,att5dant ,,on ,a ,,c\ntry ,,fill$ ,,) ,,slaves4 ,mr4 ,g]ry1 ( ,massa*usetts1 said1 he highly comm5d$ ! "p ! ,society ( ,fri5ds _h tak52 x 0 ! cause ( humanity !y _h int]e/$ !mselves 94--,cong4 ,reg4 v4 #a1 p4 #cjh-ab4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,gazette ( ! ,unites ,/ates1 ,feb4 #bj?1 #agij1 7!n ! gov]nm5t pap]17 :o opposes ! abolition ( slav]y1 & av[s himself a slavehold]1 says1 ,i h se5 9 ! pap]s acc\nts ( l>ge associations1 & applications to ,gov]nm5t = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,religion1 humanity1 & ! g5]osity natural to a free p1 are ! noble pr9ciples :i* dictate ^? measures4 ,,su* ,,motives ,,comm& ,,respect1 ,,& ,,are ,,above ,,any ,,eulogium ,,words ,,c ,,be/[4 ,9 ! conv5tion t =m$ ! con/itution ( ,k5tucky 9 #agij1 ! ef=t to prohibit slav]y 0 ne>ly successful4 ,a decid$ majority ( t body w\ld und\bt$ly h vot$ = its exclusion1 b = ! great ef=ts & influ5ce ( two l>ge slavehold]s--m5 ( comm&+ tal5ts & sway--,messrs4 ,breck5ridge & ,ni*olas4 ,! foll[+ extract f a spee* made 9 t conv5tion by a memb] ( x1 ,mr4 ,rice a native ,virg9ian1 is a specim5 ( ! free discussion t prevail$ on t delicate subject4 ,said ,mr4 ,rice3 ,i d a man great] injury1 :5 ,i deprive him ( 8 lib]ty1 ?an :5 ,i deprive him ( 8 prop]ty4 ,x is va9 = me to plead t ,i h ! sanction ( law2 = ?is makes ! injury ! great]--x arms ! community aga9/ him1 & makes 8 case desp]ate4 ,! own]s ( su* slaves !n are lic5s$ robb]s1 & n ! j proprietors ( :at !y claim4 ,free+ !m is n depriv+ !m ( prop]ty1 b re/or+ x to ! "r own]4 ,! ma/] is ! enemy ( ! slave2 he has made op5 w> ^u him1 ,,& ,,is ,,daily ,,c>ry+ ,,x ,,on 9 unremitt$ ef=ts4 ,c any "o imag9e1 !n1 t ! slave is indebt$ to 8 ma/]1 & b\nd to s]ve him8 ,:5ce c ! obligation arise8 ,:at is x f\nd$ ^u8 ,:at is my duty to an enemy t is c>ry+ on w> aga9/ me8 ,i d n d5y1 b 9 "s circum/ances1 x is ! duty ( ! slave to s]ve2 b x is a duty he owes himself1 & n 8 ma/]4 ,presid5t ,edw>ds1 ! y\ng]1 said1 9 a s]mon prea*$ be=e ! ,connecticut ,abolition ,society1 ,sept4 #ae1 #agia3 ,?irty ye>s ago1 sc>cely a man 9 ?is c\ntry ?\ght ei!r ! slave trade or ! slav]y ( negroes to be wrong2 b n[ h[ _m & able advocates 9 private life1 9 our legislatures1 9 ,congress1 h appe>$1 & h op5ly & irrefragably plead$ ! rights ( humanity 9 ?is z well z o!r in/ances8 ,& if we judge ( ! future by ! pa/1 )9 fifty ye>s f ?is "t1 x w be z %ameful = a man to hold a negro slave1 z to be guilty ( common robb]y or !ft4 ,9 #agid1 ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* adopt$ its ,scripture pro(s1 notes1 & comm5ts4 ,among ^! 0 ! foll[+3 #a ,tim4 i4 #aj4 ,! law is made = man/eal]s4 ,?is crime among ! ,jews expos$ ! p]petrators ( x to capital puni%m5t4 ,exodus xxi4 #af4 ,& ! apo/le "h classes !m ) s9n]s ( ! fir/ rank4 ,! ^w he uses1 9 its orig9al import compreh5ds all :o are conc]n$ 9 br++ any ( ! human race into slav]y1 or 9 reta9+ !m 9 x4 ,/eal]s ( m5 are all ^? :o br+ (f slaves or freem51 & keep1 sell1 or buy !m4 ,9 #agid1 ,dr4 ,ru% decl>$3 ,dome/ic slav]y is repugnant to ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x pro/rates e b5evol5t & j pr9ciple ( action 9 ! human he>t4 ,x is rebellion aga9/ ! au?ority ( a common ,fa!r4 ,x is a practical d5ial ( ! ext5t & efficacy ( ! dea? ( a common ,savi\r4 ,x is an usurpation ( ! pr]ogative ( ! great ,sov]eign ( ! univ]se1 :o has solemnly claim$ an exclusive prop]ty 9 ! s\ls ( m54 ,9 #agie1 ,mr4 ,fiske1 !n an (fic] ( ,d>tm\? ,college1 aft]w>d a ,judge 9 ,t5nessee1 said1 9 an oration publi%$ t ye>1 speak+ ( slaves3 ,i /eadfa/ly ma9ta91 t we mu/ br+ !m to an equal /&+1 9 po9t ( privileges1 ) ! :ites6 ,!y mu/ enjoy all ! rights belong+ to human nature4 ,:5 ! petition on ! abolition ( ! slave trade 0 "u discussion 9 ! ,congress ( '#hi1 ,mr4 ,br[n1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 said1 ,! emancipation ( ! slaves w be effect$ 9 "t2 x ought to be a gradual bus9ess1 b he hop$ t ,congress w\ld n precipitate x to ! great injury ( ! s\!rn ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,h>tley1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 said1 9 ! same debate1 ,he 0 n a little surpris$ to he> ! cause ( slav]y advocat$ 9 t h\se4 ,,wa%+ton1 9 a lett] to ,sir ,john ,s9clair1 says1 ,!re are1 9 ,p5nsylvania1 laws = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y :i* nei!r ,m>yl& nor ,virg9ia h at pres5t1 b :i* no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t !y mu/ h1 & at a p]iod ,,n ,,remote4 ,9 #aghb1 ,virg9ia pass$ h] celebrat$ manumission act4 ,)9 n9e ye>s f t "t ne>ly elev5 ?\s& slaves 7 volunt>ily emancipat$ by _! ma/]s4 ,judge ,tuck]'s ,diss]tation on ,slav]y1 p4 #gb4 ,9 #aghg1 ,m>yl& pass$ an act legaliz+ manumission4 ,mr4 ,dorsey1 ( ,m>yl&1 9 a spee* 9 ,congress1 ,decemb] #bg?1 #ahbf1 speak+ ( manumissions "u t act1 said1 t ,! progress ( emancipation 0 a/oni%+1 ! ,/ate became cr[d$ ) a free black population4 ,! celebrat$ ,william ,p9kney1 9 a spee* be=e ! ,m>yl& ,h\se ( ,delegates1 9 #aghi1 on ! emancipation ( slaves1 said1 ,sir1 by ! et]nal pr9ciples ( natural ju/ice1 no ma/] 9 ! /ate has a "r to hold 8 slave 9 b&age = a s+le h\r444 ,are we appreh5sive t ^! m5 w become m dang]\s by becom+ freem58 ,are we al>m$1 le/ by be+ admitt$ into ! enjoym5t ( civil rights1 !y w be inspir$ ) a deadly enmity aga9/ ! rights ( o!rs8 ,/range1 unacc\ntable p>adox6 ,h[ mu* m rational w\ld x be1 to argue t ! natural enemy ( ! privileges ( a freeman1 is he :o is robb$ ( !m himself6 ,hon4 ,james ,campbell1 9 an address be=e ! ,p5nsylvania ,society ( ,c9c9nati1 ,july #d1 #aghg1 said1 ,our sep>ation f ,great ,brita9 has ext5d$ ! empire ( humanity4 ,! "t is n f> di/ant :5 our si/] /ates1 9 imitation ( our example1 %all turn _! vassals into freem54 ,! ,conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution be+ !n 9 session1 att5d$ on ! deliv]y ( ?is oration ) ,g5]al ,wa%+ton at _! head4 ,a ,baltimore pap] ( ,septemb] #h?1 #aghj1 conta9s ! foll[+ notice ( ,major ,g5]al ,gates3 ,a few days ago pass$ ?r\gh ?is t[n ! ,hon4 ,g5]al ,gates & lady4 ,! ,g5]al1 previ\s to leav+ ,virg9ia1 summon$ 8 num]\s family ( slaves ab\t him1 & amid/ _! te>s ( affection & gratitude1 gave !m _! ,,fre$om4 ,9 #agia1 ! univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 9 ,virg9ia1 conf]r$ ^u ,granville ,%>pe ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,laws4 ,%>pe 0 at t "t ! ackn[l$g$ head ( ,briti% abolitioni/s4 ,8 indefatigable ex]tions1 prosecut$ = ye>s 9 ! case ( ,som]set1 procur$ t memorable decision 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,k+'s ,b5*1 :i* settl$ ! pr9ciple t no slave c\ld be held 9 ,engl&4 ,he 0 mo/ uncompromis+ 9 8 opposition to slav]y1 & = tw5ty ye>s previ\s he _h spok51 writt51 & accompli%$ m aga9/ x ?an any man liv+4 ,9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> 9 ! ,s\!rn ,dep>tm5t1 by ,g54 ,lee1 ( ,va41 ,comm&ant ( ! ,p>tizan ,legion1 is ! foll[+3 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 adopt$ lately ) s mu* difficulty1 has effectually provid$ aga9/ ?is evil 7by importation7 aft] a few ye>s4 ,x is mu* to be lam5t$ t hav+ done s mu* 9 ?is way1 a provision _h n be5 made = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y4--pp4 #bcc1 #d4 ,mr4 ,tuck]1 ( ,virg9ia1 ,judge ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( t /ate1 & pr(essor ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 address$ a lett] to ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( t /ate1 9 #agif1 urg+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract4 ,speak+ ( ! slaves 9 ,virg9ia1 he says3 ,%\ld we n1 at ! "t ( ! revolution1 h brok5 _! fett]s8 ,is x n our duty to embrace ! fir/ mom5t ( con/itutional heal? & vigor to effectuate s desirable an object1 & to remove f u a /igma ) :i* our enemies w nev] fail to upbraid u1 nor our consci5ces to reproa* u8 ,mr4 ,faulkn]1 9 a spee* be=e ! ,virg9ia ,h\se ( ,delegates1 ,jan4 #bj1 #ahcb1 said3 ,! idea ( a gradual emancipation & removal ( ! slaves f ?is commonweal?1 is coeval ) ! decl>ation ( our indep5d5ce f ! ,briti% yoke4 ,:5 ,virg9ia /ood su/a9$ 9 h] legislation by ! pure & philosophic intellect ( ,p5dleton1 by ! patriotism ( ,mason & ,lee1 by ! se>*+ vigor & sagacity ( ,wy!1 & by ! all-embrac+1 all-compreh5sive g5ius ( ,?omas ,jeff]son6 ,sir1 x 0 a committee compos$ ( ^? five illu/ri\s m51 :o1 9 #aggg1 submitt$ to ! g5]al assembly ( ?is /ate1 !n 9 session1 a plan = ! gradual emancipation ( ! slaves ( ?is commonweal?4 ,hon4 ,b5jam9 ,watk9s ,leigh1 late ,unit$ ,/ates' s5ator f ,virg9ia1 9 8 lett]s to ! p ( ,virg9ia1 9 #ahcb1 sign$ ,appomattox1 p4 #dc1 says3 ,i ?\ght1 till v lately1 t x 0 kn[n to e body t dur+ ! revolution1 & = _m ye>s aft]1 ! abolition ( slav]y 0 a favorite topic ) _m ( our able/ /atesm51 :o ent]ta9$1 ) respect1 all ! s*emes :i* wisdom or +5uity c\ld sugge/ = accompli%+ ! object4 ,mr4 ,wy!1 to ! day ( 8 dea?1 0 = a simple abolition1 consid]+ ! objection to color z f\nd$ 9 prejudice4 ,by degrees1 all projects ( ! k9d 7 ab&on$4 ,mr4 ,jeff]son reta9$ 8 op9ion1 & n[ we h ^! projects reviv$4 ,gov]nor ,b>b\r1 ( ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee* 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,s5ate1 on ! ,miss\ri "q1 ,jan4 #ahbj1 said3 ,we are ask$ :y has ,virg9ia *ang$ h] policy 9 ref]5ce to slav]y8 ,t ! s5tim5ts ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ m51 = ?irty ye>s entirely correspond$ ) ! c\rse :i* ! fri5ds ( ! re/riction 7( slav]y 9 ,miss\ri7 n[ advocat$2 & t ! ,virg9ia delegation1 "o ( :om 0 ! late ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 vot$ = ! re/riction 7( slav]y7 9 ! nor?we/]n t]ritory1 & t ,mr4 ,jeff]son has del9eat$ a gloomy picture ( ! baneful effects ( slav]y4 ,:5 x is recollect$ t ! ,notes ( ,mr4 ,jeff]son 7 writt5 dur+ ! progress ( ! revolution1 x is no matt] ( surprise t ! writ] %\ld h imbib$ a l>ge portion ( t en?usiasm :i* su* an occasion 0 s well calculat$ to produce4 ,z to ! cons5t ( ! ,virg9ia delegation to ! re/riction 9 "q1 :e!r ! result ( a disposition to re/ra9 ! slave-trade indirectly1 or ! influ5ce ( t en?usiasm to :i* ,i h j allud$1 99 99 99 99 x is n n[ important to decide4 ,we h witness$ its effects4 ,! lib]ality ( ,virg9ia1 or1 z ! result may prove1 h] folly1 :i* submitt$ to1 or1 if y w1 ,,propos$ ?is measure 7abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,n4,w4 t]ritory7 has ev5tuat$ 9 effects :i* speak a monitory lesson4 ,h[ is ! repres5tation f ?is qu>t] on ! pres5t "q8 ,mr4 ,imlay1 9 8 e>ly hi/ory ( ,k5tucky1 p4 #ahe1 says3 ,we h disgrac$ ! fair face ( humanity1 & trampl$ ^u ! sacr$ privileges ( man1 at ! v mom5t t we 7 exclaim+ aga9/ ! tyranny ( y\r 7! ,engli%7 m9i/ry4 ,b 9 cont5d+ = ! bir?right ( fre$om1 we h le>n$ to feel = ! bondage ( o!rs1 & 9 ! libations we (f] to ! goddess ( lib]ty1 we contemplate an emancipation ( ! slaves ( ?is c\ntry1 z honorable to !mselves z x w be glori\s to u4 ,9 ! debate 9 ,congress1 ,jan4 #bj1 #ahjf1 on ,mr4 ,sloan's motion to lay a tax on ! importation ( slaves1 ,mr4 ,cl>k ( ,va4 said3 ,he 0 no advocate = a sy/em ( slav]y4 ,mr4 ,m>ion1 ( ,s4 ,c>ol9a1 said3 ,he nev] _h pur*as$1 nor %\ld he ev] pur*ase a slave4 ,mr4 ,s\?>d said3 ,n rev5ue1 b an expression ( ! national s5tim5t is ! pr9cipal object4 ,mr4 ,smilie--,i rejoice t ! ^w 7slave7 is n 9 ! con/itution2 its n be+ !re does honor to ! wor?ies :o w\ld n suff] x to become a "p ( x4 ,mr4 ,al/on1 ( ,n4 ,c>ol9a--,9 two ye>s we %all h ! p[] to prohibit ! trade altoge!r4 ,!n ?is ,h\se w be unanim\s4 ,no "o w object to our ex]cis+ our full con/itutional p[]s4 ,national ,intellig5c]1 ,jan4 #bd1 #ahjf4 ,^! witnesses ne$ no v\*]s to entitle !m to cr$it2 nor _! te/imony comm5ts to make x intelligible--_! names are _! endors]s1 & _! /rong words _! own int]pret]s4 ,we waive all comm5ts4 ,our read]s are ( age4 ,:osoev] ha? e>s to he>1 let him ,,he>4 ,& :osoev] w n he> ! fa!rs ( ! revolution1 ! f\nd]s ( ! gov]nm5t1 its *ief magi/rates1 judges1 legislators & sages1 :o d>$ & p]ill$ all "u ! burd5s1 & 9 ! heat ( ! day t tri$ m5's s\ls--!n nei!r w he be p]suad$ ?\gh ,,!y rose f ! dead4 ,"s ( ! po9ts e/abli%$ by ?is te/imony are--,! univ]sal expectation t ,congress1 /ate legislatures1 sem9>ies ( le>n+1 *ur*es1 m9i/]s ( religion1 & public s5tim5t widely embodi$ 9 abolition societies1 w\ld act aga9/ slav]y1 call+ =? ! moral s5se ( ! nation1 & creat+ a p[] ( op9ion t w\ld aboli% ! sy/em ?r\gh\t ! ,union4 ,9 a ^w1 t free spee* & a free press w\ld be wield$ aga9/ x )\t ceas+ & )\t re/riction4 ,full well did ! ,s\? "k1 n only t ! national gov]nm5t w\ld probably legislate aga9/ slav]y :]ev] ! con/itution plac$ x )9 its rea*1 b %e knew also t ,congress _h already m>k$ out ! l9e ( national policy to be pursu$ on ! subject--_h committ$ itself be=e ! _w to a c\rse ( action aga9/ slav]y1 :]ev] %e c\ld move ^u x )\t enc\nt]+ a conflict+ jurisdiction--t ! nation _h e/abli%$ by solemn ord9ance a memorable prec$5t = subsequ5t action1 by aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! nor?we/ t]ritory1 & by decl>+ t x %\ld nev] !nce=w>d exi/ !re2 & ?is too1 z soon z by cession ( ,virg9ia & o!r /ates1 ! t]ritory came "u congressional control4 ,! ,s\? knew also t ! six? article 9 ! ord9ance prohibit+ slav]y1 0 fir/ propos$ by ! l>ge/ slavehold+ /ate 9 ! conf$]acy--t 9 ! ,congress ( '#hd1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son1 z *airman ( ! committee on ! ,n4,w4 t]ritory1 report$ a resolution aboli%+ slav]y !re--t ! *airman ( ! committee t report$ ! ord9ance ( '#hg 0 also a slavehold]--t ! ord9ance 0 enact$ by ,congress dur+ ! session ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution--t ! provisions ( ! ord9ance 71 bo? :ile 9 prospect & :5 "u discussion1 matt]s ( univ]sal notoriety & approval ) all p>ties1 & :5 f9ally pass$1 receiv$ ! vote ( e memb] ( ,congress f ea* ( ! slavehold+ /ates4 ,! ,s\? also _h e reason = believ+ t ! fir/ ,congress "u ! con/itution w\ld ratify t ord9ance--z x did unanim\sly4 ,a cr[d ( reflections1 sugge/$ by ! prec$+ te/imony1 presses = utt]ance4 ,! "r ( petition ravi%$ & trampl$ by its con/itutional gu>dians1 & insult & defiance hurl$ 9 ! faces ( ! ,,sov]eign ,,p :ile calmly remon/rat+ ) _! ,,s]vants = viol5ce committ$ on ! nation's *>t] & _! own de>e/ rights6 ,add$ to ?is ! "r ( peaceably assembl+ viol5tly wre/$--! rights ( m9orities1 rights no long]--free spee* /ruck dumb--free m5 outlaw$ & murd]$--free presses ca/ into ! /reets & _! fragm5ts /rew$ ) %\t+s1 or fl\ri%$ 9 triumph be=e ! gaze ( approv+ cr[ds z pr\d mem5tos ( pro/rate law6 ,! _s & p[] ( our fa!rs1 :]e are !y8 ,_! deep homage always & e :]e r5d]$ to ,,free ,,?\ght1 ) its insep>able signs--free spee* & a free press--_! rev]5ce = ju/ice1 lib]ty1 rights & all-p]vad+ law1 :]e are !y8 ,b we turn f ^! consid]ations--?\gh ! times on :i* we h fall51 & ^? t[>d :i* we are borne ) headlong ha/e1 call = _! discussion z ) ! voices ( dep>t+ life--& proce$ to topics relevant to ! argum5t be=e u4 ,! sev5? article ( ! am5dm5ts to ! con/itution is alleg$ to )hold f ,congress ! p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,no p]son %all be depriv$ ( life1 lib]ty1 or prop]ty1 )\t due process ( law4 ,all ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict h be5 depriv$ ( lib]ty by legislative acts4 ,n[1 ^! legislative acts depriv+ !m ( lib]ty1 7 ei!r due process ( law1 or !y 7 n4 ,if !y 71 !n a legislative act1 tak+ f ! ma/] t prop]ty :i* is ! id5tical lib]ty previ\sly tak5 f ! slave1 w\ld be due process ( law also1 & ( c\rse a con/itutional act2 b if ! legislative acts depriv+ !m ( lib]ty 7 n due process ( law1 !n ! slaves 7 depriv$ ( lib]ty uncon/itutionally1 & ^! acts are void4 ,9 t case ! con/itution emancipates !m4 ,if ! objector reply1 by say+ t ! import ( ! phrase due process ( law1 is judicial process solely1 x is grant$1 & t fact is our rejo9d]2 = no slave 9 ! ,di/rict has be5 depriv$ ( 8 lib]ty by a judicial process1 or1 9 o!r words1 by due process ( law2 consequ5tly1 ^u ! objector's own admission1 e slave 9 ! ,di/rict has be5 depriv$ ( lib]ty uncon/itutionally1 & is !re=e free by ! con/itution4 ,?is is ass]t$ only ( ! slaves "u ! exclusive legislation ( ,congress4 ,! la/ clause ( ! article "u consid]ation is quot$ = ! same purpose3 ,nor %all private prop]ty he tak5 = public use )\t j comp5sation4 ,ea* ( ! /ate con/itutions has a clause ( simil> purport4 ,! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict by ,congress1 w\ld n1 z we %all pres5tly %[2 violate ?is clause ei!r directly or by implication4 ,grant+ = argum5t's sake1 t slaves are private prop]ty1 & t to emancipate !m1 w\ld be to take private prop]ty = public use1 ! objector admits ! p[] ( ,congress to d ?is1 provid$ x w d some?+ else1 t is1 pay = !m4 ,?us1 in/ead ( d5y+ ! p[]1 ! objector n only admits1 b affirms x1 z ! gr\nd ( ! inf]5ce t comp5sation mu/ accompany x4 ,s f> f disprov+ ! exi/5ce ( "o p[]1 he ass]ts ! exi/5ce ( two--"o1 ! p[] to take ! slaves f _! ma/]s1 ! o!r1 ! p[] to take ! prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to pay = !m4 ,if ,congress _c con/itutionally impair ! "r ( private prop]ty1 or take x )\t comp5sation1 x _c con/itutionally1 legalize ! p]petration ( su* acts1 by o!rs1 nor protect ^? :o commit !m4 ,does ! p[] to rob a man ( 8 e>n+s1 rob ! e>n] ( 8 "r to !m8 ,:o has a bett] "r to ! product ?an ! produc]8--to ! int]e/1 ?an ! own] ( ! pr9cipal8--to ! h&s & arms1 ?an he f ^: %\ld]s !y sw+8--to ! body & s\l1 ?an he ^: !y are8 ,congress n only impairs b annihilates ! "r ( private prop]ty1 :ile x )holds f ! slaves ( ! ,di/rict _! title to !mselves4 ,:at6 ,congress p[]less to protect a man's "r to himself1 :5 x c make inviolable ! "r to a dog6 ,b1 waiv+ ?is1 ,i d5y t ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict w\ld violate ?is clause4 ,:at does ! clause prohibit8 ,! tak+ ( private prop]ty = public use4 ,suppose ,congress %\ld emancipate ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict1 :at w\ld x take8 ,no?+4 ,:at w\ld x hold8 ,no?+4 ,:at w\ld x put to public use8 ,no?+4 ,in/ead ( tak+ private prop]ty1 ,congress1 by aboli%+ slav]y1 w\ld say private prop]ty %all n be tak52 & ^? :o h be5 robb$ ( x already1 %all be kept out ( x no long]2 & e man's "r to 8 own body %all be protect$4 ,true1 ,congress may n arbitr>ily take prop]ty1 z prop]ty1 f "o man & give x to ano!r--& 9 ! abolition ( slav]y no su* ?+ is done4 ,a legislative act *anges ! condition ( ! slave--makes him 8 own proprietor1 in/ead ( ! prop]ty ( ano!r4 ,x det]m9es a "q ( orig9al "r betwe5 two classes ( p]sons--do+ an act ( ju/ice to "o1 & re/ra9+ ! o!r f acts ( inju/ice2 or1 9 o!r words1 prev5t+ "o f robb+ ! o!r1 by grant+ to ! injur$ p>ty ! protection ( j & equitable laws4 ,congress1 by an act ( abolition1 w\ld *ange ! condition ( sev5 ?\s& p]sons 9 ! ,di/rict1 b w\ld take no?+4 ,to con/rue ?is provision s z to enable ! citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict to hold z prop]ty1 & 9 p]petuity1 :atev] !y please1 or to hold x z prop]ty 9 all circum/ances--all necessity1 public welf>e1 & ! w & p[] ( ! gov]nm5t to ! contr>y not)/&+--is a total p]v]sion ( its :ole int5t4 ,! design ( ! provision1 0 to ?r[ up a b>ri] aga9/ ,gov]nm5tal aggr&izem5t4 ,! "r to take prop]ty = ,/ate uses is "o ?+2--! "r s to adju/ ! t5ures by :i* prop]ty is held1 t ea* may h 8 own secur$ to him1 is ano!r ?+1 & cle>ly )9 ! scope ( legislation4 ,besides1 if ,congress 7 to take ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict1 x w\ld be adopt+1 n aboli%+ slav]y--becom+ a slavehold] itself1 in/ead ( requir+ o!rs to be su* no long]4 ,! clause 9 "q1 prohibits ! tak+ ( individual prop]ty = public use1 to be employ$ or dispos$ ( z prop]ty = gov]nm5tal purposes4 ,congress1 by aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 w\ld d no su* ?+4 ,x w\ld m]ely *ange ! condition ( t :i* has be5 recogniz$ z a qualifi$ prop]ty by congressional acts1 ?\gh previ\sly decl>$ p]sons by ! con/itution4 ,m ?an ?is is done cont9ually by ,congress & e o!r ,legislature4 ,prop]ty ! mo/ absolute & unqualifi$1 is annihilat$ by legislative acts4 ,! emb>go & non-int]c\rse act1 levell$ at a /roke a =e/ ( %ipp+1 & sunk millions ( capital4 ,to say no?+ ( ! p[] ( ,congress to take hundr$s ( millions f ! p by direct taxation1 :o d\bts its p[] to aboli% at once ! :ole t>iff sy/em1 *ange ! seat ( ,gov]nm5t1 arre/ ! progress ( national works1 prohibit any bran* ( comm]ce ) ! ,indian tribes or ) =eign nations1 *ange ! locality ( =ts1 ars5als1 magaz9es & dock y>ds2 aboli% ! ,po/ ,(fice sy/em1 & ! privilege ( pat5ts & copyrights8 ,by su* acts ,congress might1 9 ! ex]cise ( its ackn[l$g$ p[]s1 annihilate prop]ty to an incalculable am\nt1 & t )\t becom+ liable to claims = comp5sation4 ,f9ally1 ?is clause prohibits ! tak+ = public use ( prop]ty4 ,! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates does n recognize slaves z ,,prop]ty any :]e1 & x does n recognize !m 9 any s5se 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,all allusions to !m 9 ! con/itution recognize !m z p]sons4 ,e ref]5ce to !m po9ts solely to ! elem5t ( p]sonality2 & ?us1 by ! /ronge/ implication1 decl>es t ! con/itution kn[s !m only z p]sons1 & w n recognize !m 9 any o!r light4 ,if !y escape into free ,/ates1 ! con/itution au?orizes _! be+ tak5 back4 ,b h[8 ,n z ! prop]ty ( an own]1 b z p]sons2 & ! peculi>ity ( ! expression is a m>k$ recognition ( _! p]sonality--a refusal to recognize !m z *attels--p]sons held to s]vice4 ,are ox5 held to s]vice8 ,t c be affirm$ only ( p]sons4 ,aga91 slaves give political p[] z p]sons4 ,! con/itution1 9 settl+ ! pr9ciple ( repres5tation1 requires _! enum]ation 9 ! c5sus4 ,h[8 ,z prop]ty8 ,!n :y n include race horses & game cocks8 ,slaves1 l o!r inhabitants1 are enum]at$ z p]sons4 ,s by ! con/itution1 ! gov]nm5t 0 pl$g$ to non-int]f]5ce ) ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z ! ,/ates might ?9k prop] to admit until #ahjh1 & au?oriz$ ! lay+ ( a tax on ea* p]son s admitt$4 ,fur!r1 slaves are recogniz$ z p]sons by ! exaction ( _! allegiance to ! gov]nm5t4 ,= (f5ces aga9/ ! gov]nm5t slaves are tri$ z p]sons2 z p]sons !y are entitl$ to c\nsel = _! def5ce1 to ! rules ( evid5ce1 & to due process ( law1 & z p]sons !y are puni%$4 ,true1 !y are load$ ) cruel disabilities 9 c\rts ( law1 su* z greatly ob/ruct & (t5 inevitably defeat ! ends ( ju/ice1 yet !y are /ill recogniz$ z p]sons4 ,ev5 9 ! legislation ( ,congress1 & 9 ! diplomacy ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 not)/&+ ! frequ5t & wide dep>tures f ! integrity ( ! con/itution on ?is subject1 slaves are n recogniz$ z prop]ty )\t qualification4 ,congress has always refus$ to grant comp5sation = slaves kill$ or tak5 by ! enemy1 ev5 :5 ^! slaves _h be5 impress$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates' s]vice4 ,9 half a score ( cases s9ce ! la/ w>1 ,congress has reject$ su* applications = comp5sation4 ,besides1 bo? 9 ,congressional acts1 & 9 our national diplomacy1 slaves & prop]ty are n us$ z conv]tible t]ms4 ,:5 m5tion$ 9 treaties & /ate pap]s x is 9 su* a way z to di/+ui% !m f m]e prop]ty1 & g5]ally by a recognition ( _! p]sonality4 ,9 ! inv>iable recognition ( slaves z p]sons1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution caught ! mantle ( ! glori\s ,decl>ation1 & mo/ wor?ily we>s x4 ,x recognizes all human be+s z m51 p]sons1 & ?us z equals4 ,9 ! orig9al draft ( ! ,decl>ation1 z x came f ! h& ( ,jeff]son1 x is alleg$ t ,great ,brita9 _h wag$ a cruel w> aga9/ human nature itself1 violat+ its mo/ sacr$ rights ( life & lib]ty 9 ! p]sons ( a di/ant p1 c>ry+ !m into slav]y1 99 99 det]m9$ to keep up a m>ket :]e ,,m5 %\ld be b\ght & sold1--?us disda9+ to make ! *>t] ( fre$om a w>rant = ! arre/ ( m51 t !y might be %orn bo? ( lib]ty & humanity4 ,! celebrat$ ,rog] ,%]man1 "o ( ! committee ( five appo9t$ to draft ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 & a memb] ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates' con/itution1 said1 9 ! fir/ ,congress aft] its adoption3 ,! con/itution does n consid] ^! p]sons1 7slaves17 z a species ( prop]ty4--,lloyd's ,cong4 ,reg4 v4 #a1 p4 #cac4 ,t ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution does n make slaves prop]ty1 is %[n 9 ! fact1 t no p]son1 ei!r z a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or by hav+ 8 domicile )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t1 c hold slaves4 ,he c hold !m only by d]iv+ 8 p[] f /ate laws1 or f ! laws ( ,congress1 if he hold slaves )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,b no p]son resid5t )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' jurisdiction1 & n )9 ! ,di/rict1 nor )9 a /ate ^: laws support slav]y1 nor held to s]vice "u ! laws ( su* a /ate or di/rict1 hav+ escap$ !refrom1 c be held z a slave4 ,m5 c hold prop]ty "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t ?\gh resid+ beyond ! b\nds ( any /ate1 di/rict1 or t]ritory4 ,an inhabitant ( ! ,i[a ,t]ritory c hold prop]ty !re "u ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b he _c hold slaves !re "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates' laws1 nor by virtue ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution1 nor ^u ! gr\nd ( 8 ,unit$ ,/ates' citiz5%ip1 nor by hav+ 8 domicile )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' jurisdiction4 ,! con/itution no :]e recognizes ! "r to slave prop]ty1 b m]ely ! fact t ! /ates h jurisdiction ea* 9 its own limits1 & t !re are c]ta9 p]sons )9 _! jurisdictions held to s]vice by _! own laws4 ,f9ally1 9 ! clause "u consid]ation private prop]ty is n to be tak5 )\t j comp5sation4 ,,j6 ,if ju/ice is to be appeal$ to 9 det]m9+ ! am\nt ( comp5sation1 let h] det]m9e ! gr\nds also4 ,if x be h] prov9ce to say h[ mu* comp5sation is j1 x is h]s to say :e!r any is j1--:e!r ! slave is j prop]ty at all1 r ?an a p]son4 ,!n1 if ju/ice adjudges ! slave to be private prop]ty1 x adjudges him to be 8 own prop]ty1 s9ce ! "r to "o's self is ! fir/ "r--! s\rce ( all o!rs--! orig9al /ock by :i* !y are accumulat$--! pr9cipal1 ( :i* !y are ! int]e/4 ,& s9ce ! slave's private prop]ty has be5 tak51 & s9ce comp5sation is impossible--!re be+ no equival5t = "o's self--! lea/ t c be done is to re/ore to him 8 orig9al private prop]ty4 ,hav+ %[n t 9 aboli%+ slav]y1 prop]ty w\ld n be tak5 = public use1 x may be add$ t1 9 ^? /ates :]e slav]y has be5 aboli%$ by law1 no claim = comp5sation has be5 all[$4 ,inde$ ! manife/ absurdity ( dem&+ x seems to h q =e/all$ ! sett+ up ( su* a claim4 ,! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict in/ead ( be+ a legislative anomaly1 w\ld proce$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( e day legislation4 ,x has be5 %[n already1 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution does n recognize slaves z prop]ty4 ,yet ord9>y legislation is full ( prec$5ts1 %[+ t ev5 absolute prop]ty is 9 _m respects :olly subject to legislation4 ,! repeal ( ! law ( entailm5ts--all ^? acts t control ! ali5ation ( prop]ty1 its disposal by w1 its pass+ to heirs by desc5t1 ) ! "q1 :o %all be heirs1 & :at %all be ! rule ( di/ribution among !m1 or :e!r prop]ty %all be transmitt$ at all by desc5t1 r ?an es*eat to ! e/ate--^!1 ) /atutes ( limitation1 & v>i\s o!r classes ( legislative acts1 s]ve to illu/rate ! ackn[l$g$ scope ( ! law-mak+ p[]1 ev5 :]e prop]ty is 9 e s5se absolute4 ,p]sons ^: prop]ty is ?us affect$ by public laws1 receive f ! gov]nm5t no comp5sation = _! losses2 unless ! /ate has be5 put 9 possession ( ! prop]ty tak5 f !m4 ,! preamble ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution decl>es x to be a fundam5tal object ( ! organization ( ! gov]nm5t to ,,e/abli% ,,ju/ice4 ,has ,congress no p[] to d t = :i* x 0 made ! depository ( p[]8 ,,_c ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,gov]nm5t fulfil ! purpose = :i* x 0 br\ght into be+8 ,to aboli% slav]y1 is to take f no rightful own] 8 prop]ty2 b to e/abli% ju/ice betwe5 two p>ties4 ,to emancipate ! slave1 is to e/abli% ju/ice betwe5 him & 8 ma/]--to ?r[ ar\nd ! p]son1 "*1 consci5ce2 lib]ty1 & dome/ic relations ( ! "o1 ! same law t secures & blesses ! o!r4 ,9 o!r words1 to prev5t by legal re/ra9ts "o class ( m5 f seiz+ ^u ano!r class1 & robb+ !m at pleasure ( _! e>n+s1 _! "t1 _! lib]ty1 _! k9dr$1 & ! v use & own]%ip ( _! own p]sons4 ,f9ally1 to aboli% slav]y is to proclaim & enact t innoc5ce & helplessness--n[ free plund]--are entitl$ to legal protection2 & t p[]1 av>ice1 & lu/1 %all no long] revel ^u _! spoils "u ! lic5se1 & by ! m9i/ration ( law6 ,congress1 by possess+ exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 has a g5]al protective p[] = ,,all ! inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict4 ,if x has no p[] to protect "o man 9 ! ,di/rict x has none to protect ano!r--none to protect any--& if x c protect "o man & is b\nd to d x1 x c protect e man--& is b\nd to d x4 ,all admit ! p[] ( ,congress to protect ! ma/]s 9 ! ,di/rict aga9/ _! slaves4 ,:at "p ( ! con/itution gives ! p[]8 ,! clause s (t5 quot$1--p[] ( legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]1 equally 9 ! case ( def5d+ blacks aga9/ :ites1 z 9 t ( def5d+ :ites aga9/ blacks4 ,! p[] is also conf]r$ by ,art4 #a1 ,sec4 #h1 clause #ae--;,congress %all h p[] to suppress insurrections--a p[] to protect1 z well blacks aga9/ :ites1 z :ites aga9/ blacks4 ,if ! con/itution gives p[] to protect "o class aga9/ ! o!r1 x gives p[] to protect ei!r aga9/ ! o!r4 ,suppose ! blacks 9 ! ,di/rict %\ld seize ! :ites1 drive !m into ! fields & kit*5s1 =ce !m to "w )\t pay1 flog !m1 imprison !m1 & sell !m at _! pleasure1 :]e w\ld ,congress f9d p[] to re/ra9 su* acts8 ,answ]2 a g5]al p[] 9 ! clause s (t5 cit$1 & an express "o 9 t cit$ above--,congress %all h p[] to suppress insurrections4 ,s mu* = a suppos$ case4 ,"h foll[s a real "o4 ,! :ites 9 ! ,di/rict are p]petrat+ ^! id5tical acts ^u sev5 ?\s& blacks daily4 ,t ,congress has p[] to re/ra9 ^! acts 9 "o case1 all ass]t1 & 9 s do+ !y ass]t ! p[] 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,= ! grant ( p[] to suppress insurrections1 is an unconditional grant1 n hamp]$ by provisos z to ! color1 %ape1 size1 sex1 language1 cre$1 or condition ( ! insurg5ts4 ,congress d]ives its p[] to suppress ?is actual insurrection1 f ! same s\rce :5ce x d]iv$ its p[] to suppress ! same acts 9 ! case suppos$4 ,if "o case is an insurrection1 ! o!r is4 ,! acts 9 bo? are ! same2 ! actors only are diff]5t4 ,9 ! "o case1 ignorant & degrad$--goad$ by ! memory ( ! pa/1 /ung by ! pres5t1 & driv5 to desp]ation by ! fe>ful look+ = ( wrongs = ev] to come4 ,9 ! o!r1 enlight5$ into ! nature ( rights1 ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 & ! dictates ( ! law ( love1 unprovok$ by wrongs1 ) cool delib]ation1 & by sy/em1 !y p]petrate ^! acts ^u ^? to :om !y owe unnumb]$ obligations = :ole lives ( unrequit$ s]vice4 ,on :i* side may palliation be plead$1 & :i* p>ty may mo/ reasonably claim an abatem5t ( ! rigors ( law8 ,if ,congress has p[] to suppress su* acts at all1 x has p[] to suppress !m 9 all4 ,x has be5 %[n already t allegiance is exact$ ( ! slave4 ,is ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates unable to grant protection :]e x exacts allegiance8 ,x is an axiom ( ! civiliz$ _w1 & a maxim ev5 ) savages1 t allegiance & protection are reciprocal & correlative4 ,are pr9ciples p[]less ) u :i* exact homage ( b>b>ians8 ,protection is ! ,,con/itutional ,,"r ( e human4 be+ "u ! exclusive legislation ( ,congress :o has n =feit$ x by crime4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i argue ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 f ,art4 #a1 sec4 #h1 clause #a1 ( ! con/itution2 ,congress %all h p[] to provide = ! common def5ce & ! g5]al welf>e ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,has ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates no p[] "u ?is grant to legislate )9 its own exclusive jurisdiction on subjects t vitally affect its int]e/8 ,suppose ! slaves 9 ! di/rict %\ld rise ^u _! ma/]s1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t1 9 quell+ ! insurrection1 %\ld kill any numb] ( !m4 ,c\ld _! ma/]s claim comp5sation ( ! gov]nm5t8 ,manife/ly n2 ev5 ?\gh no pro( exi/$ t ! p>ticul> slaves kill$ 7 insurg5ts4 ,?is 0 precisely ! po9t at issue betwe5 ^? ma/]s1 ^: slaves 7 kill$ by ! ,/ate troops at ! "t ( ! ,s\?ampton insurrection1 & ! ,virg9ia ,legislature3 no evid5ce 0 br\ght to %[ t ! slaves kill$ by ! troops 7 insurg5ts2 yet ! ,virg9ia ,legislature decid$ t _! ma/]s 7 n entitl$ to comp5sation4 ,!y proce$$ on ! s\nd pr9ciple1 t ! gov]nm5t may 9 self-protection de/roy ! claim ( its subjects ev5 to t :i* has be5 recogniz$ z prop]ty by its own acts4 ,if 9 provid+ = ! common def5ce1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t1 9 ! case suppos$1 w\ld h p[] to de/roy slaves bo? z prop]ty & p]sons1 x surely might /op half-way1 de/roy !m z prop]ty :ile x legaliz$ _! exi/5ce z p]sons1 & ?us provid$ = ! common def5ce by giv+ !m a p]sonal & p[]ful int]e/ 9 ! gov]nm5t1 & secur+ _! /r5g? = its def5ce4 ,l o!r ,legislatures1 ,congress has p[] to abate nuisances--to remove or te> d[n unsafe build+s--to de/roy infect$ c>goes--to lay injunctions ^u manufactories injuri\s to ! public heal?--& ?us to provide = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e by de/roy+ individual prop]ty1 :5 su* prop]ty puts 9 jeop>dy ! public weal4 ,grant+1 = argum5t's sake1 t slaves are prop]ty 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia--if ,congress has a "r to annihilate prop]ty !re :5 ! public safety requires x1 x may annihilate its exi/5ce z prop]ty :5 ! public safety requires x1 especially if x trans=m into a protection & def5ce t :i* z prop]ty p]ill$ ! public int]e/s4 ,9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia !re are1 besides ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,capitol1 ! ,presid5t's h\se1 ! national (fices1 & ar*ives ( ! ,dep>tm5ts ( ,/ate1 ,treasury1 ,w>1 & ,navy1 ! ,g5]al ,po/-(fice1 & ,pat5t (fice4 ,x is also ! resid5ce ( ! ,presid5t1 ( all ! highe/ (fic]s ( ! gov]nm5t1 ( bo? h\ses ( ,congress1 & ( all ! =eign ambassadors4 ,9 ?is same ,di/rict !re are also sev5 ?\s& slaves4 ,jeff]son1 9 8 ,notes on ,va4 p4 #bda1 says ( slav]y1 t ! ,/ate p]mitt+ "o half ( its citiz5s to trample on ! rights ( ! o!r1 trans=ms !m into enemies2 & ,ri*>d ,h5ry ,lee1 9 ! ,va4 ,h\se ( ,burgesses 9 #ageh1 decl>$ t to ^? :o held !m1 slaves mu/ be natural enemies4 ,is ,congress s impot5t t x _c ex]cise t "r pron\nc$ bo? by municipal & national law1 ! mo/ sacr$ & univ]sal--! "r ( self-pres]vation & def5ce8 ,is x %ut up to ! necessity ( keep+ sev5 ?\s& enemies 9 ! he>t ( ! nation's citadel8 ,does ! iron fiat ( ! con/itution doom x to su* imbecility t x _c arre/ ! process t made !m enemies1 & /ill goads to deadli] hate by fi]y trials1 & day by day adds o!rs to _! numb]8 ,is ?is provid+ = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e8 ,if to rob m5 ( rights excites _! hate1 freely to re/ore !m & make am5ds1 w w9 _! love4 ,by emancipat+ ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld disb& an army ( enemies1 & enli/ = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e1 a body gu>d ( fri5ds sev5 ?\s& /rong4 ,9 ! la/ w>1 a h&ful ( ,briti% soldi]s sack$ ,wa%+ton city1 burn$ ! capitol1 ! ,presid5t's h\se1 & ! national (fices & ar*ives2 & no m>vel1 = ?\s&s ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict _h be5 ,,trans=m$ ,,into ,,enemies4 ,w\ld !y beat back invasion8 ,if ! national gov]nm5t _h ex]cis$ its con/itutional p[] to provide = ! common def5ce & to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 by turn+ ^? enemies into fri5ds1 !n1 in/ead ( a ho/ile ambu% lurk+ 9 e ?icket invit+ assault1 & secret foes 9 e h\se p>alyz+ def5ce1 an army ( allies w\ld h ralli$ 9 ! h\r ( h] calamity1 & %\t$ defiance f _! munitions ( rocks2 :il/ ! bann] ( ! republic1 !n trampl$ 9 du/1 w\ld h float$ securely ov] ,,freem5 exult+ amid/ bulw>ks ( /r5g?4 ,to %[ t ,congress c aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 "u ! grant ( p[] to provide = ! common def5ce & to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 ,i quote an extract f a spee* ( ,mr4 ,madison1 ( ,va41 9 ! fir/ ,congress "u ! con/itution1 ,may #ac1 #aghi4 ,speak+ ( ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 ,mr4 ,madison says3 ,i %\ld v5ture to say x is z mu* = ! int]e/s ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 z ( any /ate 9 ! union4 ,e addition !y receive to _! numb] ( slaves t5ds to weak5 !m1 & r5d]s !m less capable ( self-def5ce4 ,9 case ( ho/ilities ) =eign nations1 !y w be ! means ( invit+ attack in/ead ( repell+ invasion4 ,x is a necess>y duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to protect e "p ( ! empire aga9/ dang]1 z well int]nal z ext]nal4 ,e ?+1 !re=e1 :i* t5ds to increase ?is dang]1 ?\gh x may be a local affair1 yet if x involves national exp5se or safety1 x becomes ( conc]n to e "p ( ! union1 & is a prop] subject = ! consid]ation ( ^? *>g$ ) ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,cong4 ,reg4 vol4 #a1 p4 #caj1 #aa4 ,,wy!4 ,,po/script ,my apology = add+ a po/script1 to a discussion already p]haps too protract$1 is ! fact t ! prec$+ %eets 7 9 ! h&s ( ! pr9t]1 & all b ! conclud+ pages _h gone ?r\gh ! press1 be=e ! passage ( ,mr4 ,calh\n's late resolutions 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a proce$+ s extraord9>y1--if inde$ h5ce=w>d any act ( ,congress 9 d]ogation ( fre$om & 9 def]5ce to slav]y1 c be deem$ extraord9>y1--%\ld n be pass$ 9 sil5ce at su* a crisis z ! pres5t2 especially z ! passage ( "o ( ! resolutions by a vote ( #cf to #i1 exhibits a %ift ( position on ! "p ( ! ,s\?1 z sudd5 z x is unacc\ntable1 be+ no?+ less ?an ! surr5d] ( a =tress :i* until !n1 !y _h def5d$ ) ! p]t9acity ( a bl9d & almo/ infuriat$ fatuity4 ,^u ! discussions dur+ ! p5d5cy ( ! resolutions1 & ^u ! vote1 by :i* !y 7 c>ri$1 ,i make no comm5t1 save only to record my exultation 9 ! fact !re exhibit$1 t great em]g5cies are true t\*/ones1 & t h5ce=w>d1 until ?is "q is settl$1 :oev] holds a seat 9 ,congress w f9d ^u1 & ar\nd him1 a pressure /rong en\gh to te/ him--a focal blaze t w f9d its way ?r\gh ! c>efully adju/$ cloak ( fair pret5sion1 & ! sev5fold brass ( two fac$ political intrigue1 & no-fac$ non-committalism1 pi]c+ to ! divid+ asund] ( jo9ts & m>r[4 ,be x kn[n to e nor!rn man :o aspires to a seat 9 our national c\ncils1 t h]eaft] congressional action on ?is subject w be a ,,mighty ,,revelator--mak+ secret ?\ghts public prop]ty1 & proclaim+ on ! h\se-tops :at is :isp]$ 9 ! e>--smit+ (f masks1 & bur/+ op5 sepul*res beautiful outw>dly1 & up-heav+ to ! sun _! dead m5's bones4 ,to su* we say1--,rememb] ! ,miss\ri ,"q1 & ! fate ( ^? :o !n sold ! free /ates & _! own bir?right6 ,pass+ by ! resolutions g5]ally )\t rem>k--! att5tion ( ! read] is specially solicit$ to ,mr4 ,clay's sub/itute = ,mr4 ,calh\n's fif? resolution4 ,resolv$1 ,t :5 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 0 c$$ by ! /ates ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dome/ic slav]y exi/$ 9 bo? ( ^! /ates1 includ+ ! c$$ t]ritory1 & t1 z x /ill cont9ues 9 bo? ( !m1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ )9 ! ,di/rict )\t a violation ( t good fai?1 :i* 0 impli$ 9 ! cession & 9 ! acceptance ( ! t]ritory2 nor1 unless comp5sation 7 made to ! proprietors ( slaves1 )\t a manife/ infr+em5t ( an am5dm5t to ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 nor )\t excit+ a degree ( j al>m & appreh5sion 9 ! /ates recogniz+ slav]y1 f> transc5d+ 9 mis*iev\s t5d5cy1 any possible b5efit :i* c\ld be accompli%$ by ! abolition4 ,by advocat+ ?is resolution1 ! s\? %ift$ its mode ( def5ce1 n by tak+ a position entirely new1 b by attempt+ to re=tify an old "o--ab&on$ ma9ly long ago1 z be+ unable to hold out aga9/ assault h[ev] unskillfully direct$4 ,9 ! debate on ?is resolution1 ! s\!rn memb]s ( ,congress sil5tly drew (f f ! gr\nd hi!rto ma9ta9$ by !m1 viz4--t ,congress has no p[] by ! con/itution to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! passage ( ?is resolution--) ! vote ( e s\!rn s5ator1 =ms a new era 9 ! discussion ( ?is "q4 ,we _c jo9 9 ! lam5tations ( ^? :o bewail x4 ,we hail x1 & rejoice 9 x4 ,x 0 z we w\ld h _h x--(f]$ by a s\!rn s5ator1 advocat$ by s\!rn s5ators1 & on ! gr\nd t x 0 no compromise--t x embodi$ ! true s\!rn pr9ciple--t ?is resolution /ood on z high gr\nd z ,mr4 ,calh\n's4--7,mr4 ,pre/on7--t ,mr4 ,clay's resolution 0 z /rong z ,mr4 ,calh\n's--7,mr4 ,rives7--t ! resolution he 7,mr4 ,calh\n7 n[ refus$ to support1 0 z /rong z 8 own1 & t 9 support+ x1 !re 0 no ab&onm5t ( pr9ciple by ! s\?4--7,mr4 ,walk]1 ( ,mi47--fur!r1 t x 0 advocat$ by ! s\!rn s5ators g5]ally z an expression ( _! views1 & z sett+ ! "q ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict on its true gr\nd--t f9ally1 :5 ! "q 0 tak51 e slavehold+ s5ator1 includ+ ,mr4 ,calh\n himself1 vot$ = ! resolution4 ,by pass+ ?is resolution1 & ) su* av[als1 ! s\? has unwitt+ly b explicitly1 conc$$ ! ma9 po9t argu$ 9 ! prec$+ pages1 & surr5d]$ ! :ole "q at issue betwe5 !m & ! petition]s = abolition 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! only gr\nd tak5 aga9/ ! "r ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict is1 t x exi/$ 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia :5 ! cession 0 made1 & z x /ill cont9ues 9 bo? ( !m1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ )\t a violation ( t good fai? :i* 0 impli$ 9 ! cession1 c4 ,! argum5t is n t exclusive sov]eignty has no p[] to aboli% slav]y )9 its jurisdiction1 nor t ! p[]s ( ev5 ord9>y legislation _c d x1 nor t ! clause grant+ ,congress exclusive legislation 9 all cases :at soev] ov] su* ,di/rict1 gives no p[] to d x2 b t ! unexpress$ expectation ( "o ( ! p>ties t ! o!r w\ld n 9 all cases use ! p[] :i* said p>ty _h cons5t$ might be us$ 9 all cases1 prohibits ! use ( x4 ,! only c>d9al po9t 9 ! discussion1 is "h n only yield$1 b =mally laid d[n by ! ,s\? z ! lead+ article 9 _! cre$ on ! "q ( ,congressional jurisdiction ov] slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! reason giv5 :y ,congress %\ld n aboli%1 & ! sole evid5ce t if x did1 su* abolition w\ld be a violation ( good fai?1 is t slav]y /ill cont9ues 9 ^? /ates1--?us admitt+1 t if slav]y did n /ill cont9ue 9 ^? ,/ates1 ,congress c\ld aboli% x 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! same admission is made also 9 ! premises1 :i* /ate t slav]y exi/$ 9 ^? /ates at ! "t ( ! cession1 c4 ,admitt+ t if x _h n exi/$ !re !n1 b _h gr[n up 9 ! ,di/rict "u ,unit$ ,/ates' laws1 ,congress might con/itutionally aboli% x4 ,or t if ! c$$ p>ts ( ^? /ates _h be5 ! only p>ts 9 :i* slaves 7 held "u _! laws1 ,congress might h aboli%$ 9 su* a cont+5cy also4 ,! cession 9 t case leav+ no slaves 9 ^? /ates1--no good fai? w\ld be impli$ 9 x1 nor any violat$ by an act ( abolition4 ,! resolution makes virtually ?is fur!r admission1 t if ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia %\ld at once aboli% _! slav]y1 ,congress might at once aboli% x 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,! pr9ciple goes ev5 fur!r ?an ?is1 & requires ,congress 9 su* case to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict by ! good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession & acceptance ( ! t]ritory4 ,s9ce1 accord+ to ! _s & scope ( ! resolution1 ?is impli$ good fai? ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia 9 mak+ ! cession1 01 t ,congress w\ld d no?+ )9 ! ,di/rict :i* %\ld c\nt]act ! policy1 or discr$it ! in/itutions1 or call 9 "q ! usages1 or ev5 9 any way ruffle ! prejudices ( ^? /ates1 or d :at !y might ?9k w\ld unfavorably be> ^u _! int]e/s2 !mselves ( c\rse be+ ! judges4 ,b let u dissect ano!r limb ( ! resolution4 ,:at is to be und]/ood by t good fai? :i* 0 ,,impli$8 ,x is ( c\rse an admission t su* a condition 0 n express$ 9 ! acts ( cession--t 9 _! t]ms !re is no?+ re/rict+ ! p[] ( ,congress on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,?is impli$ fai?1 !n1 re/s on no clause or ^w 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,con/itution1 or 9 ! acts ( cession1 or 9 ! acts ( ,congress accept+ ! cession1 nor on any decl>ations ( ! legislatures ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 nor on any act ( !irs1 nor on any decl>ation ( ! p ( ^? /ates1 nor on ! te/imony ( ! ,wa%+tons1 ,jeff]sons1 ,madisons1 ,*ases1 ,m>t9s1 & ,j5nif]s1 ( ^? /ates & times4 ,! ass]tion re/s on itself alone6 ,mr4 ,clay guesses t ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia suppos$ t ,congress w\ld by no means use ! p[] giv5 !m by ! ,con/itution1 except 9 su* ways z w\ld be well pleas+ 9 ! eyes ( ^? /ates2 especially z "o ( !m 0 ! ,anci5t ,dom9ion6 ,& n[ aft] half a c5tury1 ?is assum$ expectation ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* is m]e matt] ( conjecture ) ! #cf s5ators1 is conjur$ up & duly in/all$ ^u ! judgm5t-seat ( f9al appeal1 be=e ^: nod con/itutions are to flee away1 & ) :om1 solemn grants ( p[] & explicit gu>anties are1 :5 weigh$ 9 ! balance1 altoge!r light] ?an vanity6 ,b survey x 9 ano!r light4 ,:y did ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia leave s mu* to be impli$88 ,:y did !y n 9 "s way express :at lay s ne> _! he>ts8 ,_h _! vocabul>y run s l[ t a s+le ^w c\ld n be ek$ out = ! occasion8 ,or 7 ^? /ates s ba%ful ( a sudd5 t !y d>e n speak out & tell :at !y want$8 ,or did !y take x = grant$ t ,congress w\ld always "k _! wi%es by intuition1 & always take !m = law8 ,if1 z honorable s5ators tell u1 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia did v]ily travail ) su* ab\nd+ fai?1 :y br\ght !y =? no works8 ,x is z true 9 legislation z 9 religion1 t ! only evid5ce ( fai? is works1 & t fai? )\t works is dead1 i4e4 has no p[]4 ,b "h1 =soo?1 a bl9d implication ) no?+ express$1 an impli$ fai? )\t works1 is omnipot5t6 ,mr4 ,clay is lawy] en\gh to "k t ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia notions ( con/itutional p[]1 abrogate no grant1 & t to plead !m 9 a c\rt ( law1 w\ld be ( small s]vice1 except to jo/le _! ,honors' gravity6 ,he ne$ n be told t ! ,con/itution gives ,congress p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict2 nor t ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia con/ruct$ _! acts ( cession ) ?is clause be=e _! eyes1 & decl>$ ^? acts made 9 pursuance ( x4 ,^? /ates knew t ! ,u4,s4 ,con/itution _h left no?+ to be impli$ z to ! p[] ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict2 an admonition q suffici5t1 "o w\ld ?9k1 to put !m on _! gu>d1 & lead !m to es*ew vague implications1 & to resort to /ipulations4 ,!y knew1 moreov]1 t ^? 7 times :51 9 matt]s ( high import1 no?+ 0 left to be impli$4 ,! colonies 7 !n pant+ f a tw5ty ye>s' conflict ) ! "m c\ntry1 ab\t bills ( rights1 *>t]s1 treaties1 con/itutions1 grants1 limitations1 & acts ( cession4 ,! sev]ities ( a long & t]rible discipl9e _h taught !m to gu>d at all po9ts legislative grants1 t _! exact import & limit might be self-evid5t--leav+ no scope = a bl9d fai? t someh[ 9 ! lott]y ( *ances1 e ticket w\ld turn up a prize4 ,toil1 suff]+1 blood1 & treasure outp\r$ l wat] ov] a :ole g5]ation1 c\nsell$ !m to make all sure by ! use ( explicit t]ms1 & well *os5 words1 & j en\gh ( !m4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) its am5dm5ts1 ^? ( ! individual /ates1 ! national treaties1 & ! public docum5ts ( ! g5]al & /ate gov]nm5ts at t p]iod1 %[ ! univ]sal conviction ( legislative bodies1 t no?+ %\ld be left to be impli$1 :5 great public int]e/s 7 at /ake4 ,fur!r3 suppose ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia _h express$ _! impli$ fai? 9 words1 & embodi$ x 9 _! acts ( cession z a proviso1 decl>+ t ,congress %\ld n ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] ! ,di/rict1 b t ! case ( slav]y %\ld be an exception3 :o does n "k t ,congress1 if x _h accept$ ! cession on ^? t]ms1 w\ld h violat$ ! ,con/itution2 & :o t has /udi$ ! free mood ( ^? times 9 its be>+s on slav]y--pro(s ( :i* are giv5 9 scores on ! prec$+ pages--,see pp4 #be-cg4 c be made to believe t ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld h re-modell$ _! ,con/itution = ! purpose ( provid+ = slav]y an inviolable sanctu>y2 t :5 driv5 9 f its outpo/s1 & ev]y:]e retreat+ discomfit$ be=e ! m>* ( fre$om1 x might be receiv$ into ev]la/+ habitations on ! common home/ead & he>?-/one ( ! republic8 ,:o c believe t ,virg9ia made su* a condition1 or *]i%$ su* a purpose1 :5 ,wa%+ton1 ,jeff]son1 ,wy!1 ,patrick ,h5ry1 ,/4 ,george ,tuck]1 & all h] mo/ illu/ri\s m51 7 at t mom5t advocat+ ! abolition ( slav]y by law2 :5 ,wa%+ton _h said1 two ye>s be=e1 t ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia mu/ h laws = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 & at a p]iod n remote2 & :5 ,jeff]son 9 8 lett] to ,dr4 ,price1 ?ree ye>s be=e ! cession1 _h said1 speak+ ( ,virg9ia1 ,?is is ! next /ate to :i* we may turn our eyes = ! int]e/+ spectacle ( ju/ice 9 conflict ) av>ice & oppression--a conflict 9 :i* ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,side ,,is ,,ga9+ ,,daily ,,recruits2 :5 volunt>y emancipations on ! soil 7 !n progress+ at ! rate ( betwe5 "o & two ?\s& annually1 7,see ,judge ,tuck]'s ,diss]tation on ,slav]y1 p4 #gc27 :5 ! public s5tim5t ( ,virg9ia _h und]gone1 s mighty a revolution t ! idea ( ! cont9uance ( slav]y z a p]man5t sy/em c\ld n be tol]at$1 ?\gh %e !n conta9$ ab\t half ! slaves 9 ! ,union4 ,0 ?is ! "t to /ipulate = ! p]petuity ( slav]y "u ! exclusive legislation ( ,congress8 & t too :5 at ! same session e "o ( h] delegation vot$ = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,nor? ,we/ ,t]ritory2 a t]ritory :i* %e h]self _h c$$ to ! ,union1 & surr5d]$ along ) x h] jurisdiction ov] h] citiz5s1 inhabitants ( t t]ritory1 :o held slaves !re--& ^: slaves 7 emancipat$ by t act ( ,congress1 9 :i* all h] delegation ) "o accord p>ticipat$8 ,n[ 9 view ( ! univ]sal belief !n preval5t1 t slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry 0 doom$ to %ort life1 & especially t 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia x w\ld be spe$ily aboli%$--mu/ we adopt ! mon/r\s conclusion t ^? /ates design$ to b9d ,congress nev] to t]m9ate x8--t x 0 ! int5t ( ! ,anci5t ,dom9ion ?us to b9d ! ,unit$ ,/ates by an impli$ fai?1 & t :5 ! national gov]nm5t accept$ ! cession1 %e did solemnly ?us plight h] tro?1 & t ,virg9ia did !n s und]/& x8 ,v]ily1 honorable s5ators mu/ suppose !mselves deput$ to d our ?9k+ = u z well z our legislation1 or r1 t !y are !mselves absolv$ f su* drudg]y by virtue ( _! (fice6 ,ano!r absurdity ( ?is impli$ fai? dogma is1 t :]e !re 0 no p[] to exact an express pl$ge1 !re 0 none to dem& an impli$ "o1 & :]e !re 0 no p[] to give ! "o1 !re 0 none to give ! o!r4 ,we h %[n already t ,congress c\ld n h accept$ ! cession ) su* a condition4 ,to h sign$ away a "p ( its con/itutional grant ( p[] w\ld h be5 a brea* ( ! ,con/itution4 ,! ,congress :i* accept$ ! cession 0 compet5t to pass a resolution pl$g+ itself n to use all ! p[] ov] ! ,di/rict committ$ to x by ! ,con/itution4 ,b "h its p[] end$4 ,its resolution c\ld only b9d itself4 ,x _h no au?ority to b9d a subsequ5t ,congress4 ,c\ld ! memb]s ( "o ,congress say to ^? ( ano!r1 because we d n *oose to ex]cise all ! au?ority ve/$ 9 u by ! ,con/itution1 !re=e y %all n8 ,?is w\ld1 h be5 a prohibition to d :at ! ,con/itution gives p[] to d4 ,ea* successive ,congress w\ld /ill h gone to ,,! ,,con/itution = its p[]1 bru%+ away 9 its c\rse ! cobwebs /ret*$ across its pa? by ! (fici\sness ( an imp]t95t pr$ecessor4 ,aga91 ! legislatures ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 _h no p[] to b9d ,congress1 ei!r by an express or an impli$ pl$ge1 nev] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,^? legislatures _h no p[] to b9d !mselves nev] to aboli% slav]y )9 _! own t]ritories--! c$$ p>ts includ$4 ,:]e !n w\ld !y get p[] to b9d ano!r n to d :at !y _h no p[] to b9d !mselves n to d8 ,if a legislature c\ld n 9 ?is respect control ! successive legislatures ( its own ,/ate1 c\ld x control ! successive ,congresses ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,b p]haps we %all be told1 t ! impli$ fai? ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia 0 n t ,congress %\ld nev] aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 b t x %\ld n d x until !y _h done x )9 _! b\nds6 ,v]ily ?is fai? comes little %ort ( ! fai? ( miracles6 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia h good fai? t ,congress w n aboli% until !y d2 & !n j z good fai? t ,congress w aboli% :5 !y d6 ,excell5tly accommodat$6 ,did ^? /ates suppose t ,congress w\ld legislate ov] ! national doma91 = ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia alone8 ,& :o1 did !y suppose1 w\ld be judges 9 ! matt]8--!mselves m]ely8 or ! :ole ,union8 ,?is good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession is no long] ( d\btful int]pretation4 ,! pr9ciple at ! bottom ( x1 :5 fairly /at$1 is ?is3--,t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are b\nd 9 good fai? to d 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 )\t demurr+1 j :at & :51 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia d )9 _! own b\nds4 ,9 %ort1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t is eas$ ( all ! burd5s ( legislation )9 its exclusive jurisdiction1 save t ( hir+ a scriv5] to copy (f ! acts ( ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia legislatures z fa/ z !y are pass$1 & engross !m1 "u ! title ( ,laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia6 ,a slight additional exp5se w\ld also be incurr$ 9 keep+ up an express betwe5 ! capitols ( ^? ,/ates & ,wa%+ton city1 br++ ,congress f "t to "t its in/ructions f head qu>t]s6 ,:at a glori\s ,union ?is doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,clay bequea?s to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates6 ,we h be5 p]mitt$ to set up at our own exp5se1 & on our own t]ritory1 two great s\nd+-bo>ds call$ ,s5ate ,*amb] & ,repres5tatives' ,hall1 = ! purpose ( s5d+ abroad by au?ority national e*oes ( /ate legislation6 --p]mitt$ also to keep 9 our pay a corps ( pliant national musicians1 ) p]emptory in/ructions to s\nd on any l9e ( ! /aff accord+ z ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& may give ! sov]eign key note6 ,a c>eful analysis ( ,mr4 ,clay's resolution & ( ! discussions ^u x1 w conv9ce e fair m9d t ?is is b ! legitimate c>ry+ out ( ! pr9ciple p]vad+ bo?4 ,!y proce$ virtually ^u ! hypo!sis t ! w & pleasure ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& are p>am\nt to ^? ( ! ,union4 ,if ! orig9al design ( sett+ ap>t a f$]al di/rict _h be5 = ! sole accommodation ( ! s\?1 !re c\ld h>dly h be5 high] assumption or l\d] vaunt+4 ,! only object ( hav+ su* a ,di/rict 0 9 effect totally p]v]t$ 9 ! resolution ( ,mr4 ,clay1 & 9 ! discussions ( ! entire s\!rn delegation1 ^u its passage4 ,in/ead ( tak+ ! gr\nd1 t ! b5efit ( ! :ole ,union 0 ! sole object ( a f$]al di/rict1 & t x 0 to be legislat$ ov] = ?is end--! resolution proce$s ^u an hypo!sis totally ! rev]se4 ,x takes a s+le po9t ( /ate policy1 & exalts x above ,,national int]e/s1 utt]ly ov]%ad[+ !m2 abrogat+ national rights2 mak+ void a clause ( ! ,con/itution2 humbl+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t into a subject cr\*+ = favors to a sup]ior1 & t too )9 its own exclusive jurisdiction4 ,all ! attributes ( sov]eignty ve/$ 9 ,congress by ! ,con/itution1 x impales ^u ! po9t ( an alleg$ implication4 ,& ?is is ,mr4 ,clay's peace-(f]+1 to ! lu/ ( p[] & ! rav5+s ( /ate encroa*m5t6 ,a compromise1 =soo?6 t s9ks ! g5]al gov]nm5t on its own t]ritory1 into a m]e colony1 ) ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& = its "m c\ntry6 ,x is refre%+ to turn f ^! %all[1 di/ort$ con/ructions & s]vile cr++s1 to ! high be>+ ( o!r s\!rn m5 9 o!r times2 m51 :o z legislators & lawy]s1 scorn$ to accommodate _! int]pretations ( con/itutions & *>t]s to geographical l9es1 or to b5d !m to ! purposes ( a political canvass4 ,9 ! celebrat$ case ( ,coh5s vs4 ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia1 ,hon4 ,william ,p9kney1 late ( ,baltimore1 & ,hon4 ,walt] ,jones1 ( ,wa%+ton city1 ) o!r em95t con/itutional lawy]s1 prep>$ an elaborate op9ion1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,nor is !re any dang] to be appreh5d$ f all[+ to ,congressional legislation ) reg>d to ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 its ,,fulle/ ,,effect4 ,congress is responsible to ! ,/ates1 & to ! p = t legislation4 ,x is 9 tru? ! legislation ( ! /ates ov] a di/rict plac$ "u _! control ,,= ,,_! ,,own ,,b5efit1 n = t ( ! ,di/rict1 except z ! prosp]ity ( ! ,di/rict is involv$1 & necess>y to ! g5]al advantage4--,life ( ,p9kney1 p4 #fab4 ,?is pr(\nd legal op9ion ass]ts1 #a/1 t ,congressional legislation ov] ! ,di/rict1 is ! legislation ( ! /ates & ! p4 7n ( two /ates1 & a m]e fraction ( ! p27 #b;d4 ,ov] a ,di/rict plac$ "u _! control1 i4e4 "u ! control ( all ! ,/ates1 n ( two tw5ty-six?s ( !m4 #c;d4 ,t x 0 ?us put "u _! control = ,,_! ,,own b5efit4 #d?4 ,x ass]ts t ! design ( ?is exclusive control ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict 0 n = ! b5efit ( ! ,di/rict1 except z t is connect$ )1 & a means ( promot+ ! g5]al advantage4 ,if ?is is ! case ) ! ,di/rict1 :i* is directly conc]n$1 x is pre-em95tly s ) ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 :i* are b indirectly int]e/$4 ,! argum5t ( ,mr4 ,madison 9 ! ,congress ( '#hi1 an extract f :i* has be5 giv5 on a prec$+ page1 lays d[n ! same pr9ciple2 t ?\gh any matt] may be a local affair1 yet if x involves national ,,exp5se or ,,safety1 x becomes ( conc]n to e "p ( ! union1 & is a prop] subject = ! consid]ation ( ^? *>g$ ) ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4--,cong4 ,reg4 vol4 #a4 p4 #caj4 ,b ^! are only ! initiatory absurdities ( ?is good fai? impli$4 ,mr4 ,clay's resolution aptly illu/rates ! pr9ciple1 t error n only conflicts ) tru?1 b is g5]ally at issue ) itself3 ,= if x w\ld be a violation ( good fai? to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 = ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 x w\ld be equally a violation = ,congress to d x ) ! cons5t1 or ev5 at ! unanim\s petition ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict3 yet = ye>s x has be5 ! s\!rn doctr9e1 t if ! p ( ! ,di/rict dem& ( ,congress relief 9 ?is respect1 x has p[]1 z _! local legislature1 to grant x1 & by aboli%+ slav]y !re1 c>ry out ! w ( ! citiz5s4 ,b n[ new light has brok5 96 ,! optics ( ,mr4 ,clay h pi]c$ ! mill/one ) a deep] insight1 & discov]ies ?ick5 fa/] ?an !y c be telegraph$6 ,congress has no p[]1 ,o no1 n a modicum6 to help ! slavehold]s ( ! ,di/rict1 h[ev] l\dly !y may clamor = x4 ,! s\!rn doctr9e1 t ,congress is to ! ,di/rict a m]e local ,legislature to d its pleasure1 is tumbl$ f ! g5itive into ! vocative6 ,h>d fate--& t too at ! h&s ( ^? :o begat x6 ,! reason+s ( ,messrs4 ,p9ckney & ,wise1 are n[ f\nd to be :olly at fault1 & ! *anticle] rhetoric ( ,messrs4 ,glascock & ,g>l& /alks fea!rless & cre/-fall54 ,= ! resolution sweeps by ! bo>d all ^? /]eotyp$ common-places1 su* z ,congress a local ,legislature1 cons5t ( ! ,di/rict1 b\nd to consult ! wi%es ( ! ,di/rict1 ) o!r cat* phrases1 :i* = ! la/ two sessions ( ,congress h s]v$ to eke out scanty supplies4 ,x decl>es1 t z slav]y exi/$ 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia at ! "t ( ! cession1 & z x /ill cont9ues 9 bo? ^? /ates1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict )\t a violation ( t good fai?1 c4 ,b let u see :]e ?is pr9ciple w lead u4 ,if impli$ fai? to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia re/ra9s ,congress f ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 because ^? /ates h n aboli%$ _! slav]y1 x requires ,congress to d 9 ! ,di/rict :at ^? /ates h done )9 _! own limits1 i4e41 re/ra9 o!rs f aboli%+ x4 ,^u ! same pr9ciple ,congress is b\nd to prohibit emancipation )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,!re is no /opp+ place = ?is plight$ fai?4 ,congress mu/ n only refra9 f lay+ viol5t h&s on slav]y1 & see to x t ! slavehold]s !mselves d n1 b x is b\nd to keep ! sy/em up to ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia /&>d ( vigor6 ,aga91 if ! good fai? ( ,congress to ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& requires t slav]y %\ld exi/ 9 ! ,di/rict1 :ile x exi/s 9 ^? /ates1 x requires t x %\ld exi/ !re z x exi/s 9 ^? /ates4 ,if to aboli% e =m ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict w\ld violate good fai?1 to aboli% ! =m exi/+ 9 ^? /ates1 & to sub/itute a diff]5t "o1 w\ld also violate x4 ,! ,congressional good fai? is to be kept n only ) slav]y1 b ) ! ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia sy/ems ( slav]y4 ,! fai? ( ^? /ates be+ n t ,congress w\ld ma9ta9 a sy/em1 b _! sy/em2 o!rwise in/ead ( su/a9+1 ,congress w\ld c\nt]act _! policy--pr9ciples w\ld be br\ght into action !re conflict+ ) _! sy/em1 & ?us ! true sprit ( ! impli$ pl$ge w\ld be violat$4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 s long z slaves are *attels p]sonal 9 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 ,congress c\ld n make !m real e/ate 9 ! ,di/rict1 z !y are 9 ,l\isiana2 nor c\ld x p]mit slaves to read1 nor to wor%ip ,god accord+ to consci5ce2 nor c\ld x grant !m trial by jury1 nor legalize m>riage2 nor require ! ma/] to give suffici5t food & clo?+2 nor prohibit ! viol5t sund]+ ( families--because su* provisions w\ld conflict ) ! exi/+ slave laws ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 & ?us violate ! good fai? impli$1 c4 ,s ! pr9ciple ( ! resolution b9ds ,congress 9 all ^! p>ticul>s3 #a/4 ,n to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict until ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& aboli%4 #b;d4 ,n to aboli% any "p ( x t exi/s 9 ^? /ates4 #c;d4 ,n to aboli% any =m or app5dage ( x /ill exi/+ 9 ^? /ates4 #d?4 ,to aboli% :5 !y d4 #e?4 ,to increase or abate its rigors :51 h[1 & z ! same are modifi$ by ^? /ates4 ,9 a ^w1 ,congressional action 9 ! ,di/rict is to float passively 9 ! wake ( legislative action on ! subject 9 ^? /ates4 ,b "h comes a dilemma4 ,suppose ! legislation ( ^? /ates %\ld /e] diff]5t c\rses--!n !re w\ld be two wakes6 ,c ,congress float 9 bo?8 ,yea1 v]ily6 ,no?+ is too h>d = x6 ,its obsequi\sness equals its p[] ( legislation 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,x c float up on ! ,virg9ia tide1 & ebb d[n on ! ,m>yl&4 ,:at ,m>yl& does1 ,congress w d 9 ! ,m>yl& "p4 ,:at ,virg9ia does1 ,congress w d 9 ! ,virg9ia "p4 ,?\gh x might n always be able to run at ! bidd+ ( bo? at once1 especially 9 diff]5t directions1 yet if x obey$ ord]s *e]fully1 & kept 9 its place1 accord+ to its good fai? impli$1 impossibilities might n be rigidly exact$4 ,true1 we h ! highe/ sanction = ! maxim t no man c s]ve two ma/]s--b if corporations h no s\ls1 analogy w\ld absolve ,congress on t score1 or at mo/ give x only a v small s\l--n l>ge en\gh to be at all 9 ! way1 z an exception to ! univ]sal rule laid d[n 9 ! maxim6 ,9 foll[+ out ! absurdities ( ?is impli$ good fai?1 x w be se5 at once t ! doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,clay's ,resolution ext5ds to all ! subjects ( legislation exi/+ 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 :i* exi/ also )9 ! ,di/rict4 ,e sy/em1 in/itution1 law1 & e/abli%$ usage !re1 is plac$ beyond ,congressional control equally ) slav]y1 & by ! same impli$ fai?4 ,! abolition ( ! lott]y sy/em 9 ! ,di/rict z an immorality1 0 a flagrant brea* ( ?is good fai? to ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 z ! sy/em /ill cont9u$ 9 ^? /ates4 ,s to aboli% imprisonm5t = debt1 or capital puni%m5t1 to remodel ! bank sy/em1 ! p[] ( corporations1 ! militia law1 laws ( limitation1 c41 9 ! ,di/rict1 unless ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& took ! lead1 w\ld violate ! good fai? impli$ 9 ! cession4 ,t 9 ! acts ( cession no su* good fai? 0 impli$ by ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& z is claim$ 9 ! ,resolution1 we argue f ! fact1 t 9 #aghd ,virg9ia c$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates all h] nor?-we/ t]ritory1 ) ! special proviso t h] citiz5s inhabit+ t t]ritory %\ld h _! possessions & titles confirm$ to !m1 & be protect$ 9 ! enjoym5t ( _! rights & lib]ties4 7,see ,j\rnals ( ,congress1 vol4 #i1 p4 #fc47 ,! cession 0 made 9 ! =m ( a de$1 & sign$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ,samuel ,h>dy1 ,ar?ur ,lee1 & ,james ,munroe4 ,_m ( ^! inhabitants held slaves4 ,?ree ye>s aft] ! cession1 ! ,virg9ia delegation 9 ,congress propos$ ! passage ( an ord9ance :i* %\ld aboli% slav]y1 9 t t]ritory1 & decl>e t x %\ld nev] !reaft] exi/ !re4 ,all ! memb]s ( ,congress f ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& vot$ = ?is ord9ance4 ,suppose "s memb] ( ,congress _h dur+ ! passage ( ! ord9ance introduc$ ! foll[+ resolution3 ,resolv$1 t :5 ! nor?we/ t]ritory 0 c$$ by ,virg9ia to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 dome/ic slav]y exi/$ 9 t ,/ate1 includ+ ! c$$ t]ritory1 & z x /ill cont9ues 9 t ,/ate1 x c\ld n be aboli%$ )9 ! t]ritory )\t a violation ( t good fai?1 :i* 0 impli$ 9 ! cession & 9 ! acceptance ( ! t]ritory4 ,:at w\ld h be5 ! indignant response ( ,grayson1 ,griff91 ,madison1 & ! ,lees1 9 ! ,congress ( '#hg1 to su* a resolution1 & ( ,c>r+ton1 ,*airman ( ! ,committee1 :o report$ ! ratification ( ! ord9ance 9 ! ,congress ( '#hi1 & ( ,page & ,p>k]1 :o ) e o!r memb] ( ! ,virg9ia delegation support$ x8 ,b to enum]ate all ! absurdities into :i* ^? int]e/$ = ?is resolution h plung$ !mselves1 w\ld be to make a qu>to inv5tory4 ,we decl9e ! task2 & 9 conclusion m]ely add1 t ,mr4 ,clay1 9 pres5t+ x1 & ea* ( ! ?irty-six ,s5ators :o vot$ = x1 ent]$ on ! records ( ! ,s5ate1 & proclaim$ to ! _w1 a mo/ unwor?y accusation aga9/ ! millions ( ,am]ican citiz5s :o h dur+ ne>ly half a c5tury petition$ ! national legislature to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1--*>g+ !m ei!r ) ! ignorance or ! impiety ( pray+ ! nation to violate its ,plight$ ,fai?4 ,! resolution virtually indicts at ! b> ( public op9ion1 & br&s ) odium1 all ! e>ly ,manumission ,societies1 ! fir/ petition]s = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 & = a long "t ! only ones1 petition+ f ye> to ye> ?r\gh evil report & good report1 /ill petition+1 by individual societies & 9 _! national conv5tions4 ,b z if x 7 n en\gh to table ! *>ge aga9/ su* m5 z ,b5jam9 ,ru%1 ,william ,rawle1 ,john ,s]geant1 ,rob]ts ,vaux1 ,cadwallad] ,cold51 & ,pet] ,a4 ,jay1--to :om we may add ,rufus ,k+1 ,james ,hillh\se1 ,william ,p9kney1 ,?omas ,addis ,emmett1 ,daniel ,d4 ,tompk9s1 ,de ,witt ,cl9ton1 ,james ,k5t1 & ,daniel ,web/]1 besides elev5 hundr$ citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict itself1 head$ by _! ,*ief ,ju/ice & ,judges--ev5 ! sov]eign ,/ates ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,new-,york1 ,massa*usetts1 ,v]mont1 & ,connecticut1 ^: legislatures h ei!r memorializ$ ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 or in/ruct$ _! ,s5ators to move su* a measure1 mu/ be gravely in=m$ by ,messrs4 ,clay1 ,norvell1 ,niles1 ,smi?1 ,pi]ce1 ,b5ton1 ,black1 ,tipton1 & o!r honorable ,s5ators1 ei!r t _! p]ception is s dull1 !y "k n :]e( !y affirm1 or t _! moral s5se is s blunt$ !y c dem& )\t compunction a violation ( ! nation's fai?6 ,we h spok5 already ( ! concessions unwitt+ly made 9 ?is resolution to ! true doctr9e ( ,congressional p[] ov] ! ,di/rict4 ,= t concession1 important z x is2 we h small ?anks to r5d]4 ,t su* a resolution1 pass$ ) su* an int5t1 & press+ at a ?\s& po9ts on relations & int]e/s vital to ! free /ates1 %\ld be hail$1 z x has be51 by a portion ( ! nor!rn press z a compromise orig9at+ 9 def]5ce to nor!rn int]e/s1 & to be receiv$ by u z a free-w (f]+ ( dis9t]e/$ b5evol5ce1 dem&+ our gratitude to ! mov]1--may well cov] u ) %ame4 ,we des]ve ! humiliation & h well e>n$ ! mock]y4 ,let x come6 ,if1 aft] hav+ be5 set up at auction 9 ! public sales-room ( ! nation1 & = ?irty ye>s1 & by ea* ( a score ( compromises1 trea*]\sly knock$ (f to ! l[e/ bidd]1 & t )\t money & )\t price1 ! ,nor?1 plund]$ & betray$1 w n1 9 ?is h] accept$ "t1 consid] ! ?+s t belong to h] peace be=e !y are hidd5 f h] eyes1 !n let h] eat ( ! fruit ( h] own way1 & be fill$ ) h] own devices6 ,let ! %orn & bl9d$ giant gr9d 9 ! prison-h\se ( ! ,phili/9es1 till taught by we>9ess & pa9 ! folly ( entru/+ to ,delilahs ! secret & ! cu/ody ( 8 /r5g?4 ,h ! free ,/ates b\nd !mselves by an oa? nev] to pr(it by ! lessons ( exp]i5ce8 ,if lo/ to reason1 are !y dead to in/9ct also8 ,c no?+ r\se !m to ca/ ab\t = self pres]vation8 ,& %all a life ( tame surr5d]s be t]m9at$ by suicidal sacrifice8 ,a ,,compromise6 ,bitt] irony6 ,is ! pluck$ & hoodw9k$ ,nor? to be :e$l$ by ! sorc]y ( ano!r ,miss\ri compromise8 ,a compromise 9 :i* ! ,s\? ga9$ all1 & ! ,nor? lo/ all1 & lo/ x =ev]4 ,a compromise :i* emb>go$ ! free labor] ( ! ,nor? & ,we/1 &1 clut*$ at ! /aff he lean$ ^u1 to turn x into a bludgeon & fell him ) its /roke4 ,a compromise :i* wre/$ f lib]ty h] b\ndless bir?right doma91 /ret*+ we/w>d to ! sunset1 :ile x gave to slav]y loose re9s & a free co>se1 f ! ,mississippi to ! ,pacific4 ,! resolution1 z x f9ally pass$1 is "h ins]t$4 ,resolv$1 ,t ! int]f]5ce by ! citiz5s ( any ( ! /ates1 ) ! view to ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 is endang]+ ! rights & security ( ! p ( ! ,di/rict2 & t any act or measure ( ,congress design$ to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 w\ld be a violation ( ! fai? impli$ 9 ! cessions by ! /ates ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 a j cause ( al>m to ! p ( ! slavehold+ /ates1 & h a direct & inevitable t5d5cy to di/urb & endang] ! ,union4 ,! vote ^u ! resolution /ood z foll[s3 ,yeas4--,messrs4 ,all51 ,bay>d1 ,b5ton1 ,black1 ,bu*anan1 ,br[n1 ,calh\n1 ,clay ( ,alabama1 ,clay ( ,k5tucky1 ,clayton1 ,critt5d51 ,cu?b]t1 ,fulton1 ,grundy1 ,hubb>d1 ,k+1 ,lumpk91 ,lyon1 ,ni*olas4 ,niles1 ,norvell1 ,pi]ce1 ,pre/on1 ,rives1 ,roane1 ,rob9son1 ,sevi]1 ,smi?1 ( ,connecticut1 ,/range1 ,tallmadge1 ,tipton1 ,walk]1 ,:ite1 ,williams1 ,wright1 ,"y--#cf4 ,nays4--,messrs4 ,,davis1 ,,knight1 ,mc,k,e,a,n1 ,,morris1 ,,pr5tiss1 ,,ruggles1 ,,smi?1 ( ,indiana1 ,,swift1 ,,web/]--#i4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 ,,no4 #f4 ,,n>rative ,,( ,,james ,,williams1 ,,an ,,am]ican ,,slave4 ,,"o ,,doll> ,,p] #ajj #adc ,,nassau ,,/4 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface4 ,am]ican ,slav]y1 said ! celebrat$ ,john ,wesley1 is ! vile/ b5ea? ! sun6 ,( ! tru? ( ?is emphatic rem>k1 no o!r pro( is requir$1 ?an an exam9ation ( ! /atute books ( ! ,am]ican slave /ates4 ,te/$ by its own laws1 9 all t facilitates & protects ! hateful process ( conv]t+ a man into a *attel p]sonal2 9 all t /amps ! law-mak]1 & law-uphold] ) meanness & hypocrisy1 x c]ta9ly has no pres5t rival ( its bad em95ce1 & we may se>* 9 va9 ! hi/ory ( a _w's despotism = a p>allel4 ,! civil code ( ,ju/9ian nev] ackn[l$g$1 ) t ( our democratic despotisms1 ! ess5tial equality ( man4 ,! dream] 9 ! g>d5s ( ,epicurus recogniz$ nei!r 9 himself1 nor 9 ! slave :o m9i/]$ to 8 luxury1 ! immortality ( ! spiritual nature4 ,nei!r ,solon nor ,lycurgus taught ! inali5ability ( human rights4 ,! ,b>ons ( ! ,feudal ,sy/em1 ^: maxim 0 emphatically t ( ,wordswor?'s robb]1 ,t he %\ld take :o _h ! p[]1 ,& he %\ld keep :o c4 :ile trampl+ on ! necks ( _! vassals1 & c\nt+ ! life ( a man z ( less value ?an t ( a wild bea/1 nev] appeal$ to ,god = ! s9c]ity ( _! belief1 t all m5 7 creat$ equal4 ,x 0 res]v$ = ,am]ican slave-hold]s to pres5t to ! _w ! hide\s anomaly ( a code ( laws1 beg9n+ ) ! emphatic decl>ation ( ! inali5able rights ( all m5 to life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess1 & clos+ ) a delib]ate & sy/ematic d5ial ( ^? rights1 9 respect to a l>ge portion ( _! c\ntrym52 engross+ on ! same p>*m5t ! antagoni/ laws ( lib]ty & tyranny4 ,! v nature ( ?is unnatural comb9ation has r5d]$ x necess>y t ,am]ican slav]y1 9 law & 9 practice1 %\ld exce$ e o!r 9 sev]ity & cool atrocity4 ,! ma/]s ( ,greece & ,rome p]mitt$ _! slaves to read & write & wor%ip ! gods ( paganism 9 peace & security1 = !re 0 no?+ 9 ! laws1 lit]ature1 or religion ( ! age to awak5 9 ! s\l ( ! bondman a j s5se ( 8 rights z a man4 ,b ! ,am]ican slavehold] _c be ?us l5i5t4 ,9 ! excess ( 8 b5evol5ce1 z a political propag&i/1 he has k9dl$ a fire = ! oppress$ ( ! old _w to gaze at ) hope1 & = cr[n$ heads & dyna/ies to tremble at2 b a due reg>d to ! safety ( 8 peculi> in/itution1 compels him to put out ! eyes ( 8 own p1 le/ !y too %\ld see x4 ,call+ on all ! _w to %ake (f ! fett]s ( oppression1 & wade ?r\gh ! blood ( tyrants to fre$om1 he has be5 compell$ to smo!r1 9 d>kness & sil5ce1 ! m9ds ( 8 own bondm51 le/ !y too %\ld he> & obey ! summons1 by putt+ ! knife to 8 own ?roat4--,proclaim+ ! tru?s ( ,div9e ,revelation1 & s5d+ ! ,scriptures to ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>?1 he has f\nd x necess>y to ma9ta9 hea!nism at home by special enactm5ts2 & to make ! second (f5ce ( tea*+ 8 slaves ! message ( salvation puni%able ) dea?6 ,:at m>vel !n t ,am]ican slav]y ev5 on ! /atute book assumes ! "r to trans=m moral be+s into brutes3,a t x legalizes man's usurpation ( ,div9e au?ority2 ! sub/itution ( ! w ( ! ma/]1 = ! moral gov]nm5t ( ,god3 t x annihilates ! rights ( consci5ce2 deb>s f ! enjoym5t ( religi\s rights & privileges by specific enactm5ts2 & enjo9s disob$i5ce to ! ,div9e lawgiv]3 t x disc\rages purity & *a/ity1 enc\rages crime1 legalizes concub9age2 &1 :ile x places ! slave entirely 9 ! h&s ( 8 ma/]1 provides no real protection = 8 life or 8 p]son4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! c>d9al pr9ciple ( slav]y1 t a slave is n to be rank$ among s5ti5t be+s1 b among ?+s1 z an article ( prop]ty1 a *attel p]sonal1 obta9s z und\bt$ law1 9 all ! slave /ates4 7,judge ,/r\d's ,sket* ( ,slave ,laws1 p4 #bb47 ,b x may be said1 t ^! laws af=d no c]ta9 evid5ce ( ! actual condition ( ! slaves3 t1 9 judg+ ! sy/em by its code1 no all[ance is made = ! humanity ( individual ma/]s4 ,x 0 a j rem>k ( ! celebrat$ ,prie/ley1 t no p ev] 7 f\nd to be bett] ?an _! laws1 ?\gh _m h be5 kn[n to be worse4 ,all hi/ory & common exp]i5ce confirm ?is4 ,besides1 admitt+ t ! legal sev]ity ( a sy/em may be s(t5$ 9 ! practice ( ! humane1 may x n also be aggravat$ by t ( ! av>ici\s & cruel8 ,b :at are ! te/imony & admissions ( slavehold]s !mselves on ?is po9t8 ,9 an ,essay publi%$ 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c41 9 #ahbb1 & entitl$ ,a ,refutation ( ! ,calumnies circulat$ aga9/ ! ,s\!rn & ,we/]n ,/ates1 by ! late ,edw9 ,c4 ,holl&1 ,esq41 x is /at$1 t all slavehold]s h laid d[n non-resi/ance1 & p]fect & uni=m ob$i5ce to _! ord]s z fundam5tal pr9ciples 9 ! gov]nm5t ( _! slaves3 t ?is is a necess>y result ( ! relation1 & unavoidable4 ,rob]t ,j4 ,turnbull1 ,esq41 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 rem>k+ ^u ! managem5t ( slaves1 says1 ,! only pr9ciple ^u :i* may au?ority ov] !m1 7! slaves17 c be ma9ta9$ is fe>1 & he :o d5ies ?is has little k ( !m4 ,to ?is may be add$ ! te/imony ( ,judge ,ruff91 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 z quot$ 9 ,:eel]'s ,law ( ,slav]y1 p4 #bag4 ,! slave1 to rema9 a slave1 mu/ feel t !re is no appeal f 8 ma/]4 ,no man c anticipate ! provocations :i* ! slave w\ld give1 nor ! consequ5t wra? ( ! ma/]1 prompt+ him to ,,bloody ,,v5geance on ! turbul5t traitor1 a v5geance g5]ally practis$ ) impunity by reason ( its privacy4 ,9 an ,essay on ! improvem5t ( negroes on plantations1 by ,rev4 ,?omas ,s4 ,clay1 a slavehold] ( ,bryan c\nty1 ,georgia1 & ,pr9t$ at ! reque/ ( ! ,georgia ,presbyt]y1 9 #ahcc1 we are told t ! pres5t economy ( ! slave sy/em is to get all y c f ! slave1 & give him 9 return z little z w b>ely support him 9 a work+ condition6 ,"h1 9 a few words1 ! :ole enormity ( slav]y is expos$ to view3 to get all y c f ! slave--by means ( :ips & =ks & irons--by e device = tortur+ ! body1 )\t de/roy+ its capability ( labor2 & 9 return give him z little ( 8 co>se f>e z w keep him1 l a m]e bea/ ( burd51 9 a work+ condition2 ?is is slav]y1 z expla9$ by ! slavehold] himself4 ,mr4 ,clay fur!r says3 ,(f5ces aga9/ ! ma/] are m sev]ely puni%$ ?an violations ( ! law ( ,god1 a fault :i* affects ! slave's p]sonal "* a good deal4 ,z examples we may notice1 t runn+ away is m sev]ely puni%$ ?an adult]y4 ,he 7! slave7 only kn[s 8 ma/] z lawgiv] & execution]1 & ! sole object ( puni%m5t held up to 8 view1 is to make him a m ob$i5t & pr(itable slave4 ,hon4 ,w4,b4 ,seabrook1 9 an address be=e ! ,agricultural ,society ( ,/4 ,john's1 ,colleton1 publi%$ by ord] ( ! ,society1 at ,*>le/on1 9 #ahcd1 aft] /at+ t z ,slav]y exi/s 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ! action ( ! citiz5s %\ld rigidly con=m to t /ate ( ?+s3 &1 t no ab/ract op9ions ( ! rights ( man %\ld be all[$ 9 any in/ance to modify ! police sy/em ( a plantation1 proce$s z foll[s4 ,he 7! slave7 %\ld be practically treat$ z a slave2 & ?or\ghly taught ! true c>d9al pr9ciple on :i* our peculi> in/itutions are f\nd$1 viz42 t to 8 own] he is b\nd by ! law ( ,god & man2 & t no human au?ority c sev] ! l9k :i* unites !m4 ,! great aim ( ! slavehold]1 !n1 %\ld be to keep 8 p 9 /rict subord9ation4 ,9 ?is1 x may 9 tru? be said1 lies 8 entire duty4 ,aga91 9 speak+ ( ! puni%m5ts ( slaves1 he rem>ks3 ,if to our army ! disuse ( ,,! ,,la% has be5 prejudicial1 to ! slavehold] x w\ld op]ate to deprive him ( ! ,,ma9 ,,support ( 8 au?ority4 ,= ! fir/ class ( (f5ces1 ,i consid] imprisonm5t 9 ,,! ,,/ocks,a at night1 ) or )\t h>d labor by day1 z a p[]ful auxili>y 9 ! cause ( good gov]nm5t4 ,exp]i5ce has conv9c$ me t !re is no puni%m5t to :i* ! slave looks ) m horror1 ?an t ^u :i* ,i am comm5t+1 7! /ocks17 & none :i* has be5 att5d$ ) happi] results4 ,footnote ,a3 ,( ! nature ( ?is puni%m5t 9 ! /ocks1 some?+ may be le>n$ by ! foll[+ extract ( a lett] f a g5tleman 9 ,tallahassee1 ,florida1 to ! editor ( ! ,ohio ,atlas1 dat$ ,june #i1 #ahce3 ,a plant]1 a pr(ess] ( religion1 9 conv]s+ ^u ! univ]sality ( :ipp+1 rem>k$1 t a plant] 9 ,g1 :o _h :ipp$ a great deal1 at l5g? got tir$ ( x1 & inv5t$ ! foll[+ excell5t me?od ( puni%m5t1 :i* ,i saw practis$ :ile ,i 0 pay+ him a visit4 ,! negro 0 plac$ 9 a sitt+ position1 ) 8 h&s made fa/ above 8 head1 & 8 feet 9 ! /ocks1 s t he c\ld n move any "p ( ! body4 ,! ma/] retir$1 int5d+ to leave him till morn+1 b we 7 awak5$ 9 ! night by ! groans ( ! negro1 :i* 7 s doleful t we fe>$ he 0 dy+4 ,we w5t to him1 & f\nd him cov]$ ) a cold sweat1 & almo/ gone4 ,he c\ld n h liv$ an h\r long]4 ,mr4 ---- f\nd ! '/ocks' su* an effective puni%m5t1 t x almo/ sup]s$$ ! :ip4 ,!re is yet ano!r class ( te/imony q z p]t95t z ! =ego+1 :i* may at any "t be glean$ f ! newspap]s ( ! slave /ates--! adv]tisem5ts ( ma/]s = _! runaway slaves1 & casual p>agraphs coldly relat+ cruelties1 :i* w\ld disgrace a l& ( ,hea!nism4 ,let ! foll[+ suffice = a specim53 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ! ,editors ( ! ,con/itutionali/4 ,aik51 ,s4,c41 ,dec4 #bj1 #ahcf4 ,i h j return$ f an inque/ ,i held ov] ! dead body ( a negro man1 a runaway1 t 0 %ot ne> ! ,s\? ,edi/o1 9 ?is di/rict1 7,b>nwell17 on ,saturday morn+ la/4 ,he came to 8 dea? by 8 own recklessness4 ,he refus$ to be tak5 alive2 & said t o!r attempts to take him _h be5 made1 & he 0 det]m9$ t he w\ld n be tak54 ,:5 tak5 he 0 ne>ly nak$--_h a l>ge dirk or knife & a heavy club4 ,he 0 at fir/1 7:5 ^? :o 7 9 pursuit ( him f\nd x absolutely necess>y17 %ot at ) small %ot1 ) ! int5tion ( m]ely crippl+ him4 ,he 0 %ot at sev]al times1 & at la/ he 0 s disabl$ z to be compell$ to surr5d]4 ,he kept 9 ! run ( a creek 9 a v d5se swamp all ! "t t ! neighbors 7 9 pursuit ( him4 ,z soon z ! negro 0 tak51 ! be/ m$ical aid 0 procur$1 b he di$ on ! same ev5+4 ,"o ( ! witnesses at ! inquisition /at$ t ! negro boy said t he 0 f ,mississippi1 & belong$ to s _m p]sons he did n "k :o 8 ma/] 02 b aga9 he said 8 ma/]'s "n 0 ,br[n4 ,he said 8 own "n 0 ,sam2 & :5 ask$ by ano!r witness :o 8 ma/] 01 he mutt]$ some?+ l ,augu/a or ,augu/9e4 ,! boy 0 app>5tly above #ce or #dj ye>s ( age--ab\t six feet high--slightly yell[ 9 ! face--v long be>d or :isk]s--& v /\t built1 & a /]n c\nt5ance2 & appe>$ to h be5 run away a long "t4 ,,william ,h4 ,,prit*>d1 ,coron]1 7ex (ficio17 ,b>nwell ,di/41 ,s4,c4 ,! ,mississippi & o!r pap]s w please copy ! above4--,georgia ,con/itutionali/4 99 99 99 99 99 #ajj ,,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]1 liv+ on ,h]r+ ,bay1 ,ann ,arundel c\nty1 ,md41 on ,saturday1 #bh? ,janu>y1 negro man ,elijah1 :o calls himself ,elijah ,cook1 is ab\t #ba ye>s ( age1 well made1 ( a v d>k complexion has an imp$im5t 9 8 spee*1 & a sc> on 8 left *eek bone1 app>5tly occasion$ by a %ot4 ,j4 ,,scriv5]4 ,annapolis 7,md47 ,rep41 ,feb41 #ahcg4 99 99 99 99 99 #dj ,,rew>d4--,ran away f my resid5ce ne> ,mobile1 two negro m51 ,isaac & ,tim4 ,isaac is f #be to #cj ye>s old1 d>k complexion1 sc> on ! "r side ( ! head1 & also "o on ! "r side ( ! body1 occasion$ by ,,buck ,,%ot4 ,tim is #bb ye>s old1 d>k complexion1 sc> on ! "r *eek1 z also ano!r on ! back ( ! neck4 ,capta9s & own]s ( /eamboats1 vessels1 & wat] crafts ( e description1 are caution$ aga9/ tak+ !m on bo>d "u ! p5alty ( ! law2 & all o!r p]sons aga9/ h>bor+ or 9 any mann] favor+ ! escape ( said negroes "u l p5alty4 ,mobile1 ,sept4 #a4 ,,s>ah ,,wal%4 ,montgom]y 7,ala47 ,adv]tis]1 ,sept4 #bi1 #ahcg4 99 99 99 99 99 #bjj ,,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]1 ab\t ?ree ye>s ago1 a c]ta9 negro man nam$ ,b51 7commonly kn[n by ! "n ( ,b5 ,fox47 ,he is ab\t five feet five or six in*es high1 *unky made1 yell[ complexion1 & has b "o eye4 ,also1 "o o!r negro1 by ! "n ( ,rigdon1 :o ran away on ! #h? ( ?is mon?4 ,he is /\t made1 tall1 & v black1 ) l>ge lips4 ,i w give ! rew>d ( "o hundr$ doll>s = ea* ( ! above negroes1 to be deliv]$ to me or conf9$ 9 ! jail ( ,l5oir or ,jones c\nty1 or = ! kill+ ( !m s t ,i c see !m4 ,ma/]s ( vessels & all o!rs are caution$ aga9/ h>bor+1 employ+1 or c>ry+ !m away1 "u ! p5alty ( ! law4 ,w4,d4 ,,cobb4 ,l5oir c\nty1 ,n4,c41 ,nov4 #ab1 #ahcf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a negro :o _h abscond$ f 8 ma/]1 & = :o a rew>d 0 (f]$ ( #ajj1 has be5 appreh5d$ & committ$ to prison 9 ,savannah1 ,georgia4 ,! ,editor :o /ates ! fact1 adds1 ) z mu* coolness z ?\gh !re 0 no b>b>ity 9 ! matt]1 t he did n surr5d] until he 0 consid]ably maim$ by ! dogs,a t _h be5 set on him1--desp]ately fight+ !m1 "o ( :i* he cut badly ) a sword4 ,new-,york ,comm]cial ,adv]tis]1 ,june1 #h1 #ahbg4 ,footnote ,a3 ,9 reg>d to ! use ( bloodh\nds1 = ! recapture ( runaway slaves1 we ins]t ! foll[+ f ! ,new-,york ,evangeli/1 be+ an extract ( a lett] f ,nat*ez 7,miss47 "u date ( ,janu>y #ca1 #ahce3 ,an in/ance 0 relat$ to me 9 ,claiborne ,c\nty1 9 ,mississippi4 ,a runaway 0 he>d ab\t ! h\se 9 ! night4 ,! h\nd 0 put ^u 8 track1 & 9 ! morn+ 0 f\nd wat*+ ! dead body ( ! negro4 ,! dogs are tra9$ to ?is s]vice :5 "y4 ,a negro is direct$ to g into ! woods & secure himself ^u a tree4 ,:5 suffici5t "t has elaps$ = do+ ?is1 ! h\nd is put ^u 8 track4 ,! blacks are compell$ to worry !m until !y make !m _! implacable enemies3 & x is common to meet ) dogs :i* w take no notice ( :ites1 ?\gh entire /rang]s1 b w suff] no blacks beside ! h\se s]vants to ent] ! y>d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ! =ego+ evid5ce on ! "p ( slavehold]s !mselves1 we ga!r ! foll[+ facts3 #a4 ,t p]fect ob$i5ce is requir$ ( ! slave--t he is made to feel t !re is no appeal f 8 ma/]4 #b4 ,t ! au?ority ( ! ma/] is only ma9ta9$ by fe>--a reign ( t]ror4 #c4 ,t ! economy ( slav]y is to get all y c f ! slave1 & give him 9 return z little z w b>ely support him 9 a work+ condition4 #d4 ,t runaway slaves may be %ot d[n ) impunity by any :ite p]son4 #e4 ,t ma/]s (f] rew>ds = kill+ _! slaves1 s t !y may see !m6 #f4 ,t slaves are br&$ ) hot irons1 & v mu* sc>r$ ) ! :ip4 #g4 ,t iron coll>s1 ) project+ prongs1 r5d]+ x almo/ impossible = ! we>] to lie d[n1 are fa/5$ ^u ! necks ( wom54 #h4 ,t ! ,,la% is ! ,,ma9 ,,support ( ! slavehold]'s au?ority3 b1 t ! /ocks are a p[]ful auxili>y to 8 gov]nm5t4 #i4 ,t runaway slaves are *as$ ) dogs--m5 hunt$ l bea/s ( prey4 ,su* is ,am]ican ,slav]y 9 practice4 ,! te/imony ?us f> adduc$ is only t ( ! slavehold] & wrong-do] himself3 ! admission ( m5 :o h a direct int]e/ 9 keep+ out ( sight ! horrors ( _! sy/em4 ,x is besides no volunt>y admission4 ,hav+ fram$ iniquity by law1 x is out ( _! p[] to hide x4 ,= ! recov]y ( _! runaway prop]ty1 !y are compell$ to adv]tise 9 ! public j\rnals1 & t x may be id5tifi$1 !y are "u ! necessity ( describ+ ! m>ks ( ! :ip on ! backs ( wom51 ! iron coll>s ab\t ! neck--! gun-%ot w\nds1 & ! traces ( ! br&+-iron4 ,su* te/imony mu/1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 be p>tial & incomplete4 ,b = a full revelation ( ! secrets ( ! prison-h\se1 we mu/ look to ! slave himself4 ,! ,inquisitors ( ,goa & ,madrid nev] disclos$ ! peculi> atrocities ( _! hall ( horrors4 ,x 0 ! escap+ h]etic1 ) 8 swoll5 & disjo9t$ limbs1 & be>+ ab\t him ! sc>s ( rack & fire1 :o expos$ !m to ! gaze & abhorr5ce ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! foll[+ pages conta9 ! simple & unv>ni%$ /ory ( an ,,am]ican ,,slave1--( "o1 ^: situation1 9 ! fir/ place1 z a favorite s]vant 9 an ari/ocratic family 9 ,virg9ia2 & aft]w>ds z ! sole & confid5tial driv] on a l>ge plantation 9 ,alabama1 af=d$ him r>e & peculi> advantages = accurate obs]vation ( ! practical work+s ( ! sy/em4 ,8 intellig5ce1 evid5t c&or1 & grateful remembrance ( ^? k9dnesses1 :i* 9 a l& ( ,slav]y1 made 8 cup ( suff]+ less bitt]2 ! p]fect accordance ( 8 /atem5ts1 7made at diff]5t times1 & to diff]5t individuals71,b "o ) ano!r1 z well z ^? /atem5ts !mselves1 all af=d /rong confirmation ( ! tru? & accuracy ( 8 /ory4 ,!re seems to h be5 no ef=t1 on 8 "p to make 8 picture ( ,slav]y "o ( entire d>kness--he details e ?+ ( a mitigat+ "* :i* fell "u 8 obs]vation2 & ev5 ! cruel deception ( 8 ma/] has n r5d]$ him unm9dful ( 8 e>ly k9dness4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! read] is ref]r$ to ,,john ,g4 ,,:itti]1 ( ,philadelphia1 or to ! foll[+ g5tlem51 :o h he>d ! :ole1 or a "p ( 8 /ory1 f 8 own lips3 ,emmor ,kimb]1 ( ,kimb]ton1 ,pa41 ,l9dley ,coates1 ( ,lanca/] ,co41 d42 ,james ,mott1 ( ,philadelphia1 ,lewis ,tappan1 ,elizur ,wright ,jun41 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,foll51 & ,james ,g4 ,birney1 ( ,new ,york4 ,! latt] g5tleman1 :o 0 a few ye>s ago1 a citiz5 ( ,alabama1 assures u t ! /atem5ts made to him by ,james ,williams1 7 su* z he _h e reason to believe1 f 8 own k ( slav]y 9 t ,/ate4 ,! editor is fully aw>e t he has n be5 able to pres5t ?is affect+ n>rative 9 ! simplicity & vivid fre%ness ) :i* x fell f ! lips ( ! n>rator4 ,he has1 h[ev]1 z closely z possible1 copi$ 8 mann]1 & 9 _m in/ances 8 precise language4 ,,! ,,slave ,,has ,,spok5 ,,= ,,himself4 ,act+ m]ely z 8 amanu5sis1 he has c>efully ab/a9$ f comm5ts ( 8 own4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,z ! n>rator 0 unable to read or write1 x is q possible t ! or?ography ( "s ( ! names ( individuals m5tion$ 9 8 /ory may n be entirely correct4 ,= in/ance1 ! "n ( 8 ma/] may h be5 ei!r ,l>rim]1 or ,l>rrimore4 ,! picture "h pres5t$ to ! p ( ! free /ates1 is1 9 _m respects1 a novel "o4 ,we all "k some?+ ( ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky ,slav]y4 ,we h he>d ( ! int]nal slave trade--! pangs ( sep>ation--! slave %ip ) its c>go ( despair b\nd = ! ,new-,orleans m>ket--! we>y j\rney ( ! *a9$ ,c(fle to ! cotton c\ntry4 ,b "h1 9 a great measure1 we h lo/ sight ( ! victims ( av>ice & lu/4 ,we h n /udi$ ! dreadful economy ( ! cotton plantation1 & "k b little ( ! secrets ( its unlimit$ despotism4 ,b 9 ?is n>rative ! sc5es ( ! plantation rise be=e u1 ) a di/9ctness :i* approa*es reality4 ,we he> ! s\nd ( ! horn at daybreak1 call+ ! sick & ! we>y to toil unrequit$4 ,woman1 9 h] appeal+ delicacy & suff]+1 ab\t to become a "m1 is fa9t+ "u ! la%1 or s9k+ exhau/$ beside h] cotton r[4 ,we he> ! pray] = m]cy answ]$ ) sne]s & curses4 ,we look on ! in/rum5ts ( torture1 & ! corpses ( murd]$ m54 ,we see ! dogs1 reek+ hot f ! *ase1 ) _! jaws f\l ) human blood4 ,we see ! meek & ag$ ,*ri/ian sc>r$ ) ! la%1 & b[$ d[n ) toil1 (f]+ ! supplication ( a brok5 he>t to 8 ,fa!r 9 ,heav51 = ! =giv5ess ( 8 brutal enemy4 ,we he>1 & f our inmo/ he>ts repeat ! affect+ int]rogatory ( ! ag$ slave1 ,h[ long1 ,oh ,"l6 h[ long6 ,! editor has writt5 out ! details ( ?is pa9ful n>rative ) feel+s ( sorr[4 ,if !re be any :o feel a morbid satisfaction 9 dwell+ ^u ! hi/ory ( outrage & cruelty1 he at lea/ is n "o ( !m4 ,8 ta/e & habits incl9e him r to look to ! pure & beautiful 9 our nature--! sunnie/ side ( humanity--its k9dly sympa?ies--its holy affections--its *>ities & its love4 ,b1 x is because he has se5 t all :i* is ?us beautiful & excell5t 9 m9d & he>t1 p]i%es 9 ! atmosph]e ( slav]y3 x is because humanity 9 ! slave s9ks d[n to a level ) ! brute & 9 ! ma/] gives place to ! attributes ( a fi5d--t he has n felt at lib]ty to decl9e ! task4 ,he _c sympa?ize ) t ab/ract & delicate philan?ropy1 :i* hesitates to br+ itself 9 contact ) ! suff]]1 & :i* %r9ks f ! ef=t ( se>*+ out ! ext5t ( 8 afflictions4 ,! emblem ( ,practical ,philan?ropy is ! ,sam>itan /oop+ ov] ! w\nd$ ,jew4 ,x mu/ be no fa/idi\s h& :i* adm9i/]s ! oil & ! w9e1 & b9ds up ! unsightly ga%es4 ,believ+1 z he does1 t ?is n>rative is "o ( tru?2 t x pres5ts an unexagg]at$ picture ( ,slav]y z x exi/s on ! cotton plantations ( ! ,s\? & ,we/1 he w\ld p>ticul>ly invite to its p]usal1 ^? individuals1 & especially ^? pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians at ! ,nor?1 :o h v5tur$ to claim = su* a sy/em1 ! sanction & approval ( ! ,religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 view ( ! facts "h pres5t$1 let ^! m5 s]i\sly inquire ( !mselves1 :e!r 9 advanc+ su* a claim1 !y are n utt]+ a high] & m audaci\s blasphemy ?an any :i* ev] fell f ! p5s ( ,voltaire & ,pa9e4 ,z if to cov] !m ) confusion1 & leave !m utt]ly )\t excuse = ?us libell+ ! "* ( a j ,god1 ^! developm5ts are mak+1 & ! veil ris+1 :i* = long ye>s ( s9ful apa?y has re/$ ^u ! abom9ations ( ,am]ican ,slav]y4 ,light is break+ into x's dungeons1 disclos+ ! wreck ( buri$ intellect--( he>ts brok5--( human affections outrag$--( s\ls ru9$4 ,! _w w see x z ,god has always se5 x2 & :5 ,he %all at l5g? make inquisition = blood1 & ,8 v5geance k9dle ov] ! habitations ( cruelty1 ) a de/ruction m t]rible ?an t ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah1 ,8 righte\s deal+ w be ju/ifi$ ( man1 & ,8 "n glorifi$ among ! nations1 & !re w be a voice ( rejoic+ 9 ,e>? & 9 ,heav54 ,,alleluia6--,,! ,,promise ,,is ,,fulfill$6--,,= ,,! ,,sigh+ ,,( ,,! ,,poor ,,& ,,! ,,oppression ,,( ,,! ,,ne$y1 ,,god ,,ha? ,,ris56 ,x is ! e>ne/ desire ( ! ,editor1 t ?is n>rative may be ! means1 "u ,god1 ( awak5+ 9 ! he>ts ( all :o read x1 a sympa?y = ! oppress$ :i* %all manife/ itself 9 imm$iate1 active1 self-sacrific+ ex]tion = _! deliv]ance2 &1 :ile x excites abhorr5ce ( 8 crimes1 call =? pity = ! oppressor4 ,may x h ! effect to prev5t ! av[$ & associat$ fri5ds ( ! slave1 f giv+ su* an undue importance to _! own trials & grievances1 z to =get 9 a great measure ! sorr[s ( ! slave4 ,let its cry ( wo1 com+ up f ! plantations ( ! ,s\?1 suppress e feel+ ( selfi%ness 9 our he>ts4 ,let our regret & indignation at ! d5ial ( ! "r ( petition1 be felt only because we are !reby prev5t$ f plead+ 9 ! ,halls ( ,congress = ! suff]+ & ! dumb4 ,& let ! fact1 t we are %ut out f half ! t]ritory ( our c\ntry1 be lam5t$ only because x prev5ts u f be>+ p]sonally to ! l& ( ,slav]y1 ! messages ( hope = ! slave1 & ( rebuke & w>n+ = ! oppressor4 ,new-,york1 #bd? #a/ mo41 #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,n>rative ,i 0 born 9 ,p[hatan ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 on ! plantation ( ,george ,l>rimore4 ,s541 at a place call$ ,m\nt ,pleasant1 on ! #af? ( ,may #ahje4 ,may fa!r 0 ! slave ( an orphan family ^: "n ,i h =gott51 & 0 "u ! c>e ( a ,mr4 ,brooks1 gu>dian ( ! family4 ,he 0 a native ( ,africa1 & 0 br\ght ov] :5 a m]e *ild1 ) 8 "m4 ,my "m 0 ! slave ( ,george ,l>rimore1 ,s54 ,%e 0 ne>ly :ite1 & is well kn[n to h be5 ! daught] ( ,mr4 ,l>rimore himself4 ,%e di$ :5 myself & my tw9 bro!r ,me%e* 7 five ye>s ( age--,i c sc>cely rememb] h]4 ,%e _h 9 all eight *ildr51 ( :om only five are n[ liv+4 ,"o1 a bro!r1 belongs to ! heirs ( ! late ,mr4 ,brock5br\gh ( ,*>lottesville2 ( :om he hires 8 "t1 & pays annually #abj = x4 ,he is a memb] ( ! ,bapti/ *ur*1 & us$ to prea* occasionally4 ,8 wife is a free woman f ,philadelphia1 & be+ able to read & write1 taught h] husb&4 ,! :ites d n "k t he c write1 & h (t5 wond]$ t he c\ld prea* s well )\t le>n+4 ,x is ! practice :5 a *ur* is cr[d$1 to turn ! blacks out ( _! seats4 ,my bro!r did n l ?is1 & on "o occasion prea*$ a s]mon f a text1 %[+ t all are ( "o blood4 ,"s ( ! :ites :o he>d x1 said t su* prea*+ w\ld raise an insurrection among ! negroes4 ,two ( !m told him t if he w\ld prove 8 doctr9e by ,scripture1 !y w\ld let him g1 b if he did n1 he %\ld h n9e & ?irty la%es4 ,he accord+ly prea*$ ano!r s]mon & spoke ) a great deal ( boldness4 ,! two m5 :o 7 9 favor ( hav+ him :ipp$1 left be=e ! s]mon 0 ov]2 ^? :o rema9$1 ackn[l$g$ t he _h prov$ 8 doctr9e1 & prea*$ a good s]mon1 & _m ( !m came up & %ook h&s ) him4 ,! two oppos]s1 ,scott & ,brockley1 =bid my bro!r1 aft] ?is1 to come ^u _! e/ates4 ,!y 7 bo? ,bapti/s1 & my bro!r _h be=e prea*$ to _! p4 ,dur+ ! *ol]a at ,ri*mond1 my bro!r prea*$ a s]mon1 9 :i* he comp>$ ! pe/il5ce to ! plagues1 :i* afflict$ ! ,egyptian slavehold]s1 because !y w\ld n let ! p g4 ,aft] ! s]mon "s ( ! :ites ?reat5$ to :ip him4 ,mr4 ,val5t9e1 a m]*ant on ,%ocko ,hill prev5t$ !m2 & a "y lawy] nam$ ,brooks said x 0 wrong to ?reat5 a man = prea*+ ! tru?4 ,s9ce ! insurrection ( ,nat4 ,turn] he has n be5 all[$ to prea* mu*4 ,my tw9 bro!r 0 = "s "t ! prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,john ,griggs1 ( ,ri*mond1 :o sold him ab\t ?ree ye>s s9ce1 to an ,alabama ,cotton ,plant]1 ) :om he /aid "o ye>1 & !n ran away & 9 all probability escap$ into ! free /ates or ,canada1 z he 0 se5 ne> ! ,m>yl& l9e4 ,my o!r bro!r lives 9 ,fr$]icksburg1 & belongs to a ,mr4 ,scott1 a m]*ant =m]ly ( ,ri*mond4 ,he 0 sold f ,mr4 ,l>rimore's plantation because 8 wife 0 a slave ( ,mr4 ,scott4 ,my only si/] is ! slave ( ,john ,smi?1 ( ,k+ ,william4 ,h] husb& 0 ! slave ( ,mr4 ,smi?1 :5 ! latt] liv$ 9 ,p[hatan c\nty1 & :5 he remov$ to ,k+ ,william1 %e 0 tak5 ) h] husb&4 ,my old ma/]1 ,george ,l>rimore1 m>ri$ ,jane ,roane1 ! si/] ( a g5tleman nam$ ,john ,roane1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 9 ,virg9ia1 :o 9 turn m>ri$ a si/] ( my ma/]4 ,"o ( 8 si/]s m>ri$ a ,judge ,scott1 & ano!r m>ri$ ,mr4 ,brock5br\gh ( ,*>lottesville4 ,mr4 ,l>rimore _h ?ree *ildr52 ,george1 ,jane1 & ,elizabe?4 ,! =m] 0 j t5 days old] ?an myself2 & ,i 0 8 playmate & con/ant associate 9 *ildhood4 ,i us$ to g ) him to 8 s*ool1 & c>ry 8 books = him z f> z ! door1 & meet him !re :5 ! s*ool 0 dismiss$4 ,we 7 v fond ( ea* o!r1 & frequ5tly slept toge!r4 ,he taught me ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 & ,i %\ld soon h acquir$ a k ( read+1 _h n ,george's "m discov]$ h] son 9 ! act ( tea*+ me4 ,%e took him aside & sev]ely reprim&$ him4 ,:5 ,i ask$ him1 n long aft]1 to tell me m ( :at he _h le>n$ at s*ool1 he said t 8 "m _h =bidd5 him to d s any m1 z h] fa!r _h a slave1 :o 0 in/ruct$ 9 read+ & writ+1 & on t acc\nt prov$ v tr\blesome4 ,he c\ld1 !y said1 imitate ! h&-writ+ ( ! neighbor+ plant]s1 & us$ to write passes & c]tificates ( fre$om = ! slaves1 & f9ally wrote "o = himself1 & w5t (f to ,philadelphia1 f :5ce h] fa!r receiv$ f him a saucy lett]1 ?ank+ him = 8 education4 ,! e>ly ye>s ( my life w5t by pleasantly4 ,! bitt]ness ( my lot ,i _h n yet realiz$4 ,com=tably clo!d & f$1 k9dly treat$ by my old ma/] & mi/ress & ! "y ladies1 & ! playmate & confidant ( my "y ma/]1 ,i did n dream ( ! d>k reality ( evil be=e me4 ,:5 he 0 f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 ma/] ,george w5t to 8 uncle ,brock5br\gh's at ,*>lottesville1 z a /ud5t ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,aft] 8 return f ,college1 he w5t to ,p>is & o!r p>ts ( ,europe1 & sp5t ?ree or f\r ye>s 9 /udy & travell+4 ,9 ! mean "t ,i 0 a wait] 9 ! h\se1 d9+-room s]vant1 c4 ,my old ma/] visit$ & receiv$ visits f a great numb] ( ! pr9cipal families 9 ,virg9ia4 ,ea* summ]1 ) 8 family1 he visit$ ! ,sulphur ,spr+s & ! m\nta9s4 ,:ile ,george 0 abs5t1 ,i w5t ) him to ,new-,orleans1 9 ! w9t] season1 on acc\nt ( 8 fail+ heal?4 ,we sp5t ?ree days 9 ,*>le/on1 at ,mr4 ,mc,duffie's1 ) :om my ma/] 0 on intimate t]ms4 ,mr4 ,mc,duffie sp5t sev]al days on "o occasion at ,mt4 ,pleasant4 ,he took a fancy to me1 & (f]$ my ma/] ! s]vant :om he br\ght ) him & #ejj beside1 = me4 ,my ma/] consid]$ x almo/ an insult1 & said aft] he 0 gone1 t ,mr4 ,mc,duffie ne$$ money to say ! lea/1 z mu* z he did4 ,he _h a f9e h\se 9 ,ri*mond1 & us$ to sp5d 8 w9t]s !re ) 8 family1 tak+ me ) him4 ,he 0 n !re mu* at o!r times1 except :5 ! ,conv5tion ( #ahbi = am5d+ ! ,/ate ,con/itution1 0 held 9 t city4 ,he _h a qu>rel ) ,mr4 ,neal ( ,ri*mond ,co41 9 consequ5ce ( "s rem>ks ^u ! subject ( ,slav]y4 ,x came ne> t]m9at+ 9 a duel4 ,i recollect t dur+ ! sitt+ ( ! ,conv5tion1 my ma/] ask$ me be=e sev]al o!r g5tlem51 if ,i wi%$ to be free & g back to my own c\ntry4 ,i look$ at him ) surprise1 & inquir$ :at c\ntry8 ,africa1 to be sure1 said he1 laugh+4 ,i told him t 0 n my c\ntry--t ,i 0 born 9 ,virg9ia4 ,oh yes1 said he1 b y\r fa!r 0 born 9 ,africa4 ,he !n said t !re 0 a place on ! ,african coa/ call$ ,lib]ia :]e a great _m free blacks 7 go+2 & ask$ me to tell him hone/ly1 :e!r ,i w\ld pref] to be set free on condition ( go+ to ,africa1 or live ) him & rema9 a slave4 ,i repli$ t ,i _h r be z ,i 04 ,i h frequ5tly he>d him speak aga9/ slav]y to 8 visitors4 ,i he>d him say on "o occasion1 :5 "s g5tlem5 7 argu+ 9 favor ( s5d+ ! free color$ p to ,africa1 t ?is 0 z really ! black man's c\ntry z ! :ite's1 & t x w\ld be z humane to knock ! free negroes1 at once1 on ! head1 z to s5d !m to ,lib]ia4 ,he 0 a k9d man to 8 slaves4 ,he 0 pr\d ( !m1 & ( ! reputation he enjoy$ ( fe$+ & clo?+ !m well4 ,!y 7 z ne> z ,i c judge ab\t #cjj 9 numb]4 ,he nev] to my k sold a slave1 unless to g ) a wife or husb&1 & at ! slave's own reque/4 ,b all except ! v weal?ie/ plant]s 9 8 neighborhood sold !m frequ5tly4 ,john ,smoot ( ,p[hatan ,co4 has sold a great numb]4 ,bacon ,tait,a us$ to be "o ( ! pr9cipal pur*as]s4 ,he _h a jail at ,ri*mond :]e he kept !m4 ,!re 7 _m o!rs :o made a bus9ess ( buy+ & sell+ slaves4 ,i saw on "o occasion :ile travell+ ) my ma/]1 a gang ( ne>ly two hundr$ m5 fa/5$ ) *a9s4 ,! wom5 foll[$ un*a9$ & ! *ildr5 9 wagons4 ,x 0 a sorr[ful sight4 ,"s 7 pray+1 "s cry+1 & !y all _h a look ( extreme wret*$ness4 ,x is an awful ?+ to a ,virg9ia slave to be sold = ! ,alabama & ,mississippi c\ntry4 ,i h kn[n "s ( !m to die ( grief1 & o!rs to commit suicide1 on acc\nt ( x4 ,footnote ,a3 ,bacon ,tait's adv]tisem5t ( new & commodi\s build+s = ! keep+ ( negroes1 situat$ at ! corn] ( #ae? & ,c>ey /reets1 appe>s 9 ! ,ri*mond ,:ig ( ,sept4 #ahif4--;,,editor4 ,9 my sev5te5? ye>1 ,i 0 m>ri$ to a girl nam$ ,h>riet1 belong+ to ,john ,gatewood1 a plant] liv+ ab\t f\r miles f ,mr4 ,pleasant4 ,%e 0 ab\t a ye> y\ng] ?an myself--0 a tailoress1 & us$ to cut out clo!s = ! h&s4 ,we 7 m>ri$ by a :ite cl]gyman nam$ ,jones2 & 7 all[$ to or ?ree weeks to ourselves1 :i* we sp5t 9 visit+ & o!r amusem5ts4 ,! field h&s are seldom m>ri$ by a cl]gyman4 ,!y simply invite _! fri5ds toge!r1 & h a w$d+ p>ty4 ,our two elde/ *ildr5 di$ 9 _! infancy3 two are n[ liv+4 ,! y\nge/ 0 only two mon?s old :5 ,i saw him = ! la/ "t4 ,i us$ to visit my wife on ,saturday & ,sunday ev5+s4 ,my "y ma/] came back f ,europe 9 delicate heal?4 ,he 0 advis$ by 8 physicians to sp5d ! w9t] 9 ,new-,orleans1 :i!r he accord+ly w5t1 tak+ me ) him4 ,"h he became acqua9t$ ) a ,fr5* lady ( "o ( ! fir/ families 9 ! city4 ,! next w9t] he also sp5t 9 ,new-,orleans1 & on 8 ?ird visit1 ?ree ye>s aft] 8 return f ,europe1 he 0 m>ri$ to ! lady above m5tion$4 ,9 ,may he return$ to ,mt4 ,pleasant1 & f\nd ! eld] ,l>rimore on 8 sick b$1 f :i* he nev] rose aga94 ,he di$ on ! #ad? ( ,july4 ,!re 0 a great & spl5did fun]al1 z 8 relatives & fri5ds 7 num]\s4 ,8 l>ge prop]ty 0 left pr9cipally 9 ! h&s ( 8 wid[ until h] decease1 aft] :i* x 0 to be divid$ among ! ?ree *ildr54 ,9 ,febru>y ,mrs4 ,l>rimore also di$4 ,! adm9i/rators ^u ! e/ate 7 ,john ,gre51 ,esq41 & ,b5jam9 ,temple4 ,my "y ma/] came back f ,europe 9 delicate heal?4 ,he way advis$ by 8 physicians to sp5d ! w9t] 9 ,new-,orleans1 :i!r he accord+ly w5t1 tak+ me ) him4 ,"h he became acqua9t$ ) a ,fr5* lady ( "o ( ! fir/ families 9 ! city4 ,! next w9t] he also sp5t 9 ,new-,orleans1 & on 8 ?ird visit1 ?ree ye>s aft] 8 return f ,europe1 he 0 m>ri$ to ! lady above m5tion$4 ,9 ,may he return$ to ,mt4 ,pleasant1 & f\nd ! eld] ,l>rimore on 8 sick b$1 f :i* he nev] rose aga94 ,he di$ on ! #ad? ( ,july4 ,!re 0 a great & spl5did fun]al1 z 8 relatives & fri5ds 7 num]\s4 ,8 l>ge prop]ty 0 left pr9cipally 9 ! h&s ( 8 wid[ until h] decease1 aft] :i* x 0 to be divid$ among ! ?ree *ildr54 ,9 ,febru>y ,mrs4 ,l>rimore also di$4 ,! adm9i/rators ^u ! e/ate 7 ,john ,gre51 ,esq41 & ,b5jam9 ,temple4 ,my "y mi/resses1 ,jane & ,elizabe?1 7 v k9d to ! s]vants4 ,!y seem$ to feel "u obligations to af=d !m e com=t & gratification1 consi/5t ) ! dreadful relation ( own]%ip :i* !y su/a9$ t[>ds !m4 ,:ipp+ 0 sc>cely kn[n on ! e/ate2 &1 :5ev] x did take place1 x 0 inv>iably aga9/ ! wi%es ( ! "y ladies4 ,b ! wife ( ma/] ,george 0 ( a disposition entirely ! rev]se4 ,feeble1 languid1 & in]t1 sitt+ motionless = h\rs at h] w9d[1 or mov+ h] small f+]s ov] ! /r+s ( h] guit>1 to "s s(t & langui%+ air1 %e w\ld h seem$ to a /rang] incapable ( r\s+ h]self f t indol5t repose1 9 :i* m9d z well z body p>ticipat$4 ,b1 ! slighte/ disreg>d ( h] comm&s--& sometimes ev5 ! neglect to anticipate h] wi%es1 on ! "p ( ! s]vants2 0 suffici5t to awake h]4 ,! inanimate & delicate beauty !n *ang$ into a /ormy virago4 ,h] black eyes flaw$ & sp>kl$ ) a snaky fi]c5ess1 h] full lips compress$1 & h] br[s b5t & d>k5$4 ,h] v voice1 s(t & sweet :5 speak+ to h] husb&1 & exquisitely f9e & melodi\s1 :5 accompany+ h] guit>1 0 at su* times1 %rill1 ke51 & l\d4 ,%e w\ld ord] ! s]vants ( my "y mi/resses ^u h] err&s1 & if !y plead$ _! prior duty to obey ! calls ( ano!r1 w\ld dem& t !y %\ld be =?) :ipp$ = _! insol5ce4 ,if ! "y ladies remon/rat$ ) h]1 %e met !m ) a p]fect torr5t ( invective & abuse4 ,9 ^! p>oxysms ( fury %e always spoke 9 ,fr5*1 ) a vehem5ce & volubility1 :i* /rongly contra/$ ) ! calmness & firmness ( ! "y ladies4 ,%e w\ld boa/ ( :at %e _h done 9 ,new-,orleans1 & ( ! excell5t discipl9e ( h] fa!r's slaves4 ,%e said %e _h gone d[n 9 ! night to ! cell "u h] fa!r's h\se1 & :ipp$ ! slaves conf9$ !re ) h] own h&s4 ,i _h he>d ! same ?+ f h] fa!r's s]vants at ,new-,orleans1 :5 ,i 0 !re ) my ma/]4 ,%e br\ght ) h] f ,new-,orleans a girl nam$ ,frances4 ,i h se5 h] take h] by ! e>1 lead h] up to ! side ( ! room1 & beat h] head aga9/ x4 ,at o!r times %e w\ld snat* (f h] slipp] & /rike ! girl on h] face & head ) x4 ,%e seldom manife/$ h] evil temp] be=e ma/] ,george4 ,:5 %e did1 he 0 greatly tr\bl$1 & he us$ to speak to 8 si/]s ab\t x4 ,h] mann] t[>ds him 0 almo/ inv>iably t ( extreme fondness4 ,%e 0 d>k complexion$1 b v beautiful2 & ! smile ( welcome ) :i* %e us$ to meet him 0 peculi>ly fasc9at+4 ,i did n m>vel t he lov$ h]2 :ile at ! same "t1 9 common ) all ! h\se s]vants1 ,i reg>d$ h] z a be+ possess$ ) an evil _s1--half woman1 & half fi5d4 ,soon aft] ! settlem5t ( ! e/ate1 ,i he>d my ma/] speak ( go+ out to ,alabama4 ,8 wife _h #aejj acres ( wild l& 9 ,gre5e ,c\nty 9 t ,/ate3 & he _h be5 negociat+ = #ejj m4 ,e>ly 9 ! summ] ( #ahcc1 he comm5c$ mak+ prep>ations = remov+ to t place a suffici5t numb] ( h&s to cultivate x4 ,he took great pa9s to buy up ! wives & husb&s ( ^? ( 8 own slaves :o _h m>ri$ out ( ! e/ate1 9 ord]1 z he said1 t 8 h&s might be cont5t$ 9 ,alabama1 & n ne$ *a9+ toge!r :ile on _! j\rney4 ,x is always f\nd necess>y by ! regul> slave-trad]s1 9 travell+ ) _! slaves to ! f> ,s\?1 to h&cuff & *a9 _! wret*$ victims1 :o h be5 b\ght up z ! int]e/ ( ! trad]1 & ! luxury or necessities ( ! plant] may *ance to require1 )\t reg>d to ! ties sund]$ or ! affections made desolate1 by ^! inf]nal b>ga9s4 ,ab\t ! #a/ ( ,septemb]1 aft] ! slaves de/9$ = ,alabama _h tak5 a f9al f>ewell ( _! old home1 & ( ! fri5ds !y 7 leav+ beh9d1 our p>ty />t$ on _! long j\rney4 ,!re 7 9 all #bad slaves1 m51 wom5 & *ildr54 ,! m5 & wom5 travell$ on foot--! small *ildr5 9 ! wagons1 conta9+ ! baggage1 c4 ,previ\s to my dep>ture1 ,i visit$ my wife & *ildr5 at ,mr4 ,gatewood's4 ,i took leave ( !m ) ! belief t ,i %\ld return ) my ma/]1 z soon z he _h se5 8 h&s e/abli%$ on 8 new plantation4 ,i took my *ildr5 9 my arms & embrac$ !m2 my wife1 :o 0 a memb] ( ! ,me?odi/ *ur*1 implor$ ! bless+ ( ,god ^u me1 dur+ my abs5ce1 & ,i turn$ away to foll[ my ma/]4 ,our j\rney 0 a long & t$i\s "o1 especially to ^? :o 7 compell$ to walk ! :ole di/ance4 ,my ma/] rode 9 a sulky1 & ,i1 z 8 body s]vant1 on horseback3 ,:5 we cross$ ov] ! ,roanoke1 & 7 ent]+ ^u ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,i rememb] ) :at sorr[ful c\nt5ances & language ! poor slaves look$ back = ! la/ "t ^u ! l& ( _! nativity4 ,x 0 _! la/ f>ewell to ,old ,virg9ia4 ,we pass$ ?r\gh ,georgia1 & cross+ ! ,*attahoo*ee1 ent]$ ,alabama4 ,our way = _m days 0 ?r\gh a s&y tract ( c\ntry1 cov]$ ) p9e woods1 ) "h & !re ! plantation ( an ,indian or a half-bre$4 ,aft] cross+ :at is call$ ,l9e ,creek1 we f\nd l>ge plantations along ! road1 at int]vals ( f\r or five miles4 ,! aspect ( ! :ole c\ntry 0 wild & =bidd+1 save to ! eye ( a cotton-plant]4 ,! cle>+s 7 all new1 & ! h\ses rudely con/ruct$ ( logs4 ,! cotton fields1 7 skirt$ ) an enorm\s gr[? ( oak1 p9e1 & o!r wood4 ,*>r$ /umps /ood ?ickly 9 ! cle>+s1 ) "h & !re a l>ge tree girdl$ by ! axe & left to decay4 ,we rea*$ at la/ ! place ( our de/9ation4 ,x 0 a f9e tract ( l& ) a deep ri* soil4 ,we halt$ on a small knoll1 :]e ! t5ts 7 pit*$1 & ! wagons unlad54 ,i sp5t ! night ) my ma/] at a neighbor+ plantation1 :i* 0 "u ! c>e ( an ov]se] nam$ ,fl9*]4 ,! next morn+ my ma/] receiv$ a visit f a man nam$ ,huck/ep1 :o _h und]tak5 ! managem5t ( 8 plantation z an ov]se]4 ,he _h be5 an ov]se] on cotton plantations _m ye>s 9 ,georgia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,he 0 app>5tly ab\t =ty ye>s ( age1 ) a sunburnt & sall[ c\nt5ance4 ,8 ?ick %ock ( black hair 0 m>k$ 9 sev]al places ) /reaks ( :ite1 occasion$ z he aft]w>ds told me by bl[s receiv$ f slaves :om he 0 *a/is+4 ,aft] rema9+ 9 ! vic9ity = ab\t a week1 my ma/] took me aside "o morn+--told me he 0 go+ to ,selma 9 ,dallas ,c\nty1 & wi%$ me to be 9 read9ess on 8 return ! next day1 to />t = ,virg9ia4 ,?is 0 to me *e]+ news4 ,i sp5t t day & ! next among my old fell[ s]vants :o _h liv$ ) me 9 ,virg9ia4 ,"s ( !m _h messages to s5d by me to _! fri5ds & acqua9tances4 ,9 ! aft]noon ( ! second day aft] my ma/]'s dep>ture1 ,i di/ribut$1 among !m all ! money :i* ,i _h ab\t me1 viz41 fifte5 doll>s4 ,i notic$ t ! ov]se] ,huck/ep laugh$ at ?is & call$ me a fool3 & t :5ev] ,i spoke ( go+ home ) my ma/]1 8 c\nt5ance indicat$ some?+ betwe5 a smile & a sne]4 ,night came2 b contr>y to 8 promise1 my ma/] did n come4 ,i /ill h[ev] expect$ him ! next day4 ,b ano!r night came1 & he _h n return$4 ,i grew uneasy1 & inquir$ ( ,huck/ep :]e be ?\ght my ma/] 04 ,on 8 way to ,old ,virg9ia1 said he1 ) a malici\s laugh4 ,b1 said ,i4 ,ma/] ,george told me t he %\ld come back & take me ) him to ,virg9ia4 ,well1 boy1 said ! ov]se]1 ,i'll n[ tell ye :at ma/] ,george1 z y call him1 told me4 ,y are to /ay "h & act z driv] ( ! field h&s4 ,t 0 ! ord]4 ,s y may z well submit to x at once4 ,i /ood sil5t & horror-/ruck4 ,c\ld x be t ! man :om ,i _h s]v$ fai?fully f our mutual boyhood1 ^: slighte/ wi% _h be5 my law1 to s]ve :om ,i w\ld h laid d[n my life1 :ile ,i _h confid5ce 9 8 integrity--c\ld x be t he _h s cruelly & wick$ly deceiv$ me8 ,i look$ at ! ov]se]4 ,he /ood laugh+ at me 9 my agony4 ,ma/] ,george gave y no su* ord]s1 ,i exclaim$1 madd5$ by ! ov]se]'s look & mann]4 ,! ov]se] look$ at me ) a fi5di% gr94 ,none ( y\r insol5ce1 said he1 ) a dreadful oa?4 ,i nev] saw a ,virg9ia nigg] t ,i c\ldn't manage1 pr\d z !y are4 ,y\r ma/] has left y 9 my h&s1 & y mu/ obey my ord]s4 ,if y don't1 :y ,i %all h to make y 'hug ! wid[ !re1' po9t+ to a tree1 to :i* ,i aft]w>ds f\nd ! slaves 7 ti$ :5 !y 7 :ipp$4 ,t night 0 "o ( sleepless agony4 ,virg9ia--! hills & ! /reams ( my bir?-place2 ! k9d & hospitable home2 ! g5tle-he>t$ si/]s1 sweet5+ ) _! sympa?y ! sorr[s ( ! slave--my wife--my *ildr5--all t _h ?us f> made up my happ9ess1 rose 9 contra/ ) my pres5t condition4 ,deeply z he has wrong$ me1 may my ma/] himself nev] endure su* a night ( mis]y6 ,at daybreak1 ,huck/ep told me to dress myself1 & att5d to 8 directions4 ,i rose1 subdu$ & wret*$1 & at 8 ord]s h&$ ! horn to ! headm5 ( ! gang1 :o summon$ ! h&s to ! field4 ,!y 7 employ$ 9 cle>+ l& = cultivation1 cutt+ trees & burn+4 ,i 0 ) !m ?r\gh ! day1 & at night return$ once m to my lodg+s to be laugh$ at by ! ov]se]4 ,he told me t ,i %\ld d well1 he did n d\bt1 by & by1 b t a ,virg9ia driv] g5]ally _h to be :ipp$ a few times himself be=e he c\ld be taught to d ju/ice to ! slaves "u 8 *>ge4 ,!y 7 n equal to ^? rais$ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 = keep+ ! lazy hell-h\nds1 z he call$ ! slaves1 at "w4 ,& ?is 0 my condition6--a driv] set ov] m ?an "o hundr$ & sixty ( my k9dr$ & fri5ds1 wi% ord]s to apply ! :ip unsp>+ly to e "o1 :e!r man or woman1 :o falt]$ 9 ! task1 or 0 c>eless 9 ! execution ( x1 myself subject at any mom5t to feel ! accurs$ la% ^u my own back1 if feel+s ( humanity %\ld p]*ance ov]come ! selfi%ness ( mis]y1 & induce me to sp>e & pity4 ,i liv$ 9 ! same h\se ) ,huck/ep1--a l>ge log h\se1 r\ghly f9i%$2 :]e we 7 wait$ ^u by an old woman1 :om we us$ to call aunt ,polly4 ,huck/ep 01 ,i soon f\nd1 inord9ately fond ( pea* br&y2 & once or twice 9 ! c\rse ( a mon? he _h a drunk5 debau*1 :i* usually la/$ f two to f\r days4 ,he 0 !n full ( talk1 laugh$ immod]ately at 8 own nons5se & w\ld keep me up until late at night li/5+ to him4 ,he 0 at ^! p]iods t]ribly sev]e to 8 h&s1 & w\ld ord] me to use up ! crack] ( my :ip e day ^u ! poor creatures1 :o 7 toil+ 9 ! field1 & 9 ord] to satisfy him1 ,i us$ to te> x (f :5 return+ home at night4 ,he w\ld !n praise me = a good fell[1 & invite me to dr9k ) him4 ,he us$ to tell me at su* times1 t if ,i w\ld only dr9k z he did1 ,i %\ld be wor? a ?\s& doll>s m = x4 ,he w\ld sit h\rs ) 8 pea* br&y1 curs+ & swe>+1 laugh+ & tell+ /ories full ( obsc5ity & blasphemy4 ,he w\ld sometimes />t up1 take my :ip1 & ru% out to ! slave qu>t]s1 fl\ri% x ab\t & fright5 ! inmates & (t5 cruelly beat !m4 ,he w\ld ord] ! wom5 to pull up _! clo!s1 9 ,alabama /yle1 z he call$ x1 & !n :ip !m = n comply+4 ,he w\ld !n come back ro>+ & %\t+ to ! h\se1 & tell me :at he _h done2 if ,i did n laugh ) him1 he w\ld get angry & dem& :at ! matt] 04 ,oh6 h[ (t5 ,i h laugh$1 at su* times1 :5 my he>t a*$ )9 me2 & h[ (t51 :5 p]mitt$ to retire to my b$1 h ,i f\nd relief 9 te>s6 ,he _h no wife1 b kept a color$ mi/ress 9 a h\se situat$ on a gore ( l& betwe5 ! plantation & t ( ,mr4 ,goldsby4 ,he br\ght h] ) him f ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & _h ?ree *ildr5 by h]4 ,sometimes 9 8 fits ( intoxication1 he w\ld come rid+ into ! field1 sw++ 8 :ip1 & cry+ out to ! h&s to /rip (f _! %irts1 & be ready to take a :ipp+3 & ?is too :5 !y 7 all busily at "w4 ,at ano!r "t1 he w\ld ga!r ! h&s ar\nd him & fall to curs+ & swe>+ ab\t ! neighbor+ ov]se]s4 ,!y 71 he said1 cruel to _! h&s1 :ipp$ !m unm]cifully1 & 9 addition />v$ !m4 ,z = himself1 he 0 ! k9de/ & be/ fell[ )9 =ty miles2 & ! h&s ought to be ?ankful t !y _h su* a good man = _! ov]se]4 ,he w\ld frequ5tly be v famili> ) me1 & call me 8 *ild2 he w\ld tell me t our p 7 go+ to get ,texas1 a f9e cotton c\ntry1 & t he meant to g out !re & h a plantation ( 8 own1 & ,i %\ld g ) him & be 8 ov]se]4 ,! h\ses 9 ! negro qu>t]s 7 con/ruct$ ( logs1 & f twelve to fifte5 feet squ>e2 !y _h no glass1 b !re 7 holes to let 9 ! light & air4 ,! furniture consi/$ ( a table1 a few /ools1 & di%es made ( wood1 & an iron pot1 & "s o!r cook+ ut5sils4 ,! h\ses 7 plac$ ab\t ?ree or f\r rods ap>t1 ) a piece ( gr\nd atta*$ to ea* ( !m = a g>d51 :]e ! occupant c\ld raise a few vegetables4 ,! qu>t]s 7 ab\t ?ree hundr$ y>ds f ! dwell+ ( ! ov]se]4 ,! h&s 7 occupi$ 9 cle>+ l& & burn+ bru%1 & 9 con/ruct+ _! h\ses1 ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,9 ,m>* we comm5c$ pl\gh+3 & on ! fir/ ( ,april began plant+ se$ = cotton4 ,! hoe+ season comm5c$ ab\t ! la/ ( ,may4 ,at ! e>lie/ dawn ( day1 & frequ5tly be=e t "t1 ! labor]s 7 r\s$ f _! sleep by ! bl[+ ( ! horn4 ,x 0 bl[n by ! headman ( ! gang :o l$ ! re/ 9 ! "w & act$ "u my direction1 z my assi/ant4 ,previ\s to ! bl[+ ( ! horn ! h&s g5]ally rose & eat :at 0 call$ ! morn+'s bit1 consi/+ ( ham & bread4 ,if exhau/ion & fatigue prev5t$ _! ris+ be=e ! dread$ s\nd ( ! horn broke ^u _! slumb]s1 !y _h no "t to snat* a m\?ful1 b 7 h>ri$ out at once4 ,x 0 my bus9ess to give ov] to ea* ( ! h&s 8 or h] appropriate implem5t ( labor1 f ! toolh\se :]e !y 7 deposit$ at night4 ,aft] all _h be5 suppli$1 !y 7 tak5 to ! field1 & set at "w z soon z x 0 suffici5tly light to di/+ui% ! plants f ! grass & we$s4 ,i 0 employ$ 9 pass+ f r[ to r[1 9 ord] to see t ! "w 0 well done1 & to urge =w>d ! labor]s4 ,at #ab o'clock1 ! horn 0 bl[n f ! ov]se]'s h\se1 call+ ! h&s to d9n]1 ea* to 8 own cab94 ,! int]mission ( labor 0 "o h\r & a half to ho]s & pick]s1 & two h\rs to ! pl\ghm54 ,at ! expiration ( ?is int]val1 ! horn aga9 summon$ !m to ?us labor4 ,!y 7 kept 9 ! field until d>k1 :5 !y 7 call$ home to supp]4 ,!re 0 little leisure = any ( ! h&s on ! plantation4 ,9 ! ev5+s1 aft] x 0 too d>k = "w 9 ! field1 ! m5 7 frequ5tly employ$ 9 burn+ bru% & 9 o!r labors until late at night4 ,! wom5 aft] toil+ 9 ! field by day1 7 compell$ to c>d1 sp91 & weave cotton = _! clo?+1 9 ! ev5+4 ,ev5 on ,sundays !re 0 little or no respite f toil4 ,^? :o _h n be5 able to "w out all _! tasks dur+ ! week 7 all[$ by ! ov]se] to f9i% x on ! ,sabba?1 & ?us save !mselves f a :ipp+ on ,monday morn+4 ,^? ^: tasks 7 f9i%$ frequ5tly employ$ mo/ ( t day 9 cultivat+ _! g>d5s4 ,_m ( ! female h&s 7 delicate "y wom51 :o 9 ,virg9ia _h nev] be5 accu/om$ to field labor4 ,!y suff]$ greatly f ! extreme heat & ! sev]ity ( ! toil4 ,oh6 h[ (t5 h ,i se5 !m dragg+ _! we>y limbs f ! cotton field at nightfall1 fa9t & exhau/$4 ,! ov]se] us$ to laugh at _! suff]+s4 ,!y 71 he said1 ,virg9ia ladies1 & altoge!r too delicate = ,alabama use3 b !y mu/ be made to d _! tasks not)/&+4 ,! recollection ( ^! ?+s ev5 n[ is dreadful4 ,i us$ to tell ! poor creatures1 :5 compell$ by ! ov]se] to urge !m =w>d ) ! :ip1 t ,i w\ld mu* r take _! places1 & endure ! /ripes ?an inflict !m4 ,:5 b ?ree mon?s old1 ! *ildr5 born on ! e/ate 7 giv5 up to ! c>e ( ! old wom5 :o 7 n able to "w out ( doors4 ,_! mo!rs 7 kept at "w 9 ! field4 ,x 0 ! object ( ! ov]se] to sep>ate me 9 feel+ & int]e/ z widely z possible f my suff]+ bre?r5 & si/]s4 ,i _h relations among ! field h&s1 & us$ to call !m my c\s9s4 ,he =bid my do+ s2 & told me if ,i ackn[l$g$ relation%ip ) any ( ! h&s ,i %\ld be flogg$ = x4 ,he us$ to speak ( !m z devils & hell-h\nds1 & ridicule !m 9 e possible way2 & endeav\r$ to make me speak ( !m & reg>d !m 9 ! same mann]4 ,he w\ld tell long /ories ab\t hunt+ & %oot+ runaway nigg]s1 & detail ) great app>5t satisfaction ! cruel & horrid puni%m5ts :i* he _h inflict$4 ,"o ?+ he said tr\bl$ him4 ,he _h once :ipp$ a slave s sev]ely t he di$ 9 consequ5ce ( x1 & x 0 soon aft] asc]ta9$ t he 0 :olly innoc5t ( ! (f5ce *>g$ aga9/ him4 ,t slave1 he said1 _h haunt$ him ev] s9ce4 ,soon aft] we comm5c$ we$+ our cotton1 "s ( ! h&s :o 7 ?reat5$ ) a :ipp+ = n f9i%+ _! tasks1 ran away4 ,! ov]se] & myself w5t out aft] !m1 tak+ ) u five bloodh\nds1 :i* 7 kept on ! ,e/ate = ! sole purpose ( cat*+ runaways4 ,!re 7 no o!r h\nds 9 ! vic9ity1 & ! ov]se]s ( ! neighbor+ plantations us$ to borr[ !m to hunt _! runaways4 ,a ,mr4 ,crop1 :o liv$ ab\t t5 miles di/ant1 _h two packs1 & made x 8 sole bus9ess to cat* slaves ) !m4 ,we us$ to set ! dogs ^u ! track ( ! fugitives1 & !y w\ld foll[ !m until1 to save !mselves f be+ torn 9 pieces1 !y w\ld climb into a tree1 :]e ! dogs kept !m until we came up & secur$ !m4 ,^! h\nds1 :5 "y1 are taught to run aft] ! negro boys2 & be+ always kept conf9$ except :5 let out 9 pursuit ( runaways1 !y seldom fail ( ov]tak+ ! fugitive1 & seem to enjoy ! sport ( hunt+ m5 z mu* z o!r dogs d t ( *as+ a fox or a de]4 ,my ma/] gave a l>ge sum = 8 five dogs1--a slut & h] f\r puppies4 ,:ile go+ ov] our cotton pick+ = ! la/ "t1 "o ( our h&s nam$ ,little ,john1 ran away4 ,! next ev5+ ! dogs 7 />t$ on 8 track4 ,we foll[$ !m a:ile1 until we knew by _! ceas+ to b>k t !y _h f\nd him4 ,we soon met ! dogs return+4 ,_! jaws1 heads1 & feet1 7 bloody4 ,! ov]se] look$ at !m & said1 he 0 afraid ! dogs _h kill$ ! nigg]4 ,x be+ d>k1 we c\ld n f9d him t night4 ,e>ly ! next morn+1 we />t$ (f ) our neighbors1 ,/urtivant & ,fl9*]2 & aft] se>*+ ab\t = "s "t1 we f\nd ! body ( ,little ,john ly+ 9 ! mid/ ( a ?icket ( cane4 ,x 0 ne>ly nak$1 & dreadfully mangl$ & ga%$ by ! tee? ( ! dogs4 ,!y _h evid5tly dragg$ x "s y>ds ?r\gh ! ?icket3 blood1 tatt]s ( clo!s1 & ev5 ! entrails ( ! un=tunate man1 7 cl++ to ! /ubs ( ! old & brok5 cane4 ,huck/ep /oop$ ov] 8 saddle1 look$ at ! body1 & mutt]$ an oa?4 ,/urtivant swore x 0 no m ?an ! fell[ des]v$4 ,we dug a hole 9 ! cane-brake1 :]e he lay1 buri$ him1 & return$ home4 ,! murd]$ "y man _h a "m & two si/]s on ! plantation1 by :om he 0 de>ly lov$4 ,:5 ,i told ! old woman ( :at _h befall5 h] son1 %e only said t x 0 bett] = poor ,john ?an to live 9 slav]y4 ,late 9 ! fall ( ?is ye>1 a "y man1 :o _h already run away sev]al times1 0 miss+ f 8 task4 ,x 0 f\r days be=e we f\nd him4 ,! dogs drove him at la/ up a tree1 :]e he 0 caught1 & br\ght home4 ,he 0 !n fa/5$ d[n to ! gr\nd by means ( =k$ /icks ( wood select$ = ! purpose1 ! longe/ =k be+ driv5 into ! gr\nd until ! o!r clos$ d[n ^u ! neck1 ancles1 & wri/s4 ,! ov]se] !n s5t = two l>ge cats belong+ to ! h\se4 ,^! he plac$ ^u ! nak$ %\ld]s ( 8 victim1 & dragg$ !m sudd5ly by _! tails d[nw>d4 ,at fir/ !y did n scrat* deeply4 ,he !n ord]$ me to /rike !m ) a small /ick aft] he _h plac$ !m once m ^u ! back ( ! suff]]4 ,i did s2 & ! enrag$ animals ext5d$ _! claws1 & tore 8 back deeply & cruelly z !y 7 dragg$ along x4 ,he 0 !n :ipp$ & plac$ 9 ! /ocks1 :]e he 0 kept = ?ree days4 ,on ! ?ird morn+ z ,i pass$ ! /ocks1 ,i /opp$ to look at him4 ,8 head hung d[n ov] ! *a9 :i* support$ 8 neck4 ,i spoke1 b he did n answ]4 ,he 0 dead 9 ! /ocks6 ,! ov]se] on see+ him seem$ surpris$1 &1 ,i ?\ght1 manife/$ "s remorse4 ,f\r ( ! field h&s took him out ( ! /ocks & buri$ him3 & e ?+ w5t on z usual4 ,x is n 9 my p[] to give a n>rative ( ! daily occurr5ces on ! plantation4 ,! hi/ory ( "o day 0 t ( all4 ,! gloomy monotony ( our slav]y1 0 only brok5 by ! ov]se]'s p]iodical fits ( drunk5ness1 at :i* times nei!r life nor limb on ! e/ate 7 secure f 8 caprice or viol5ce4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahce1 ! ov]se] br\ght me a lett] f my wife1 writt5 = h] by h] "y mi/ress1 ,mr4 ,gatewe$'s daught]4 ,he read x to me3 x /at$ t h]self & *ildr5 7 well--spoke ( h] sad & heavy disappo9tm5t 9 consequ5ce ( my n return+ ) my ma/]2 & ( h] hav+ be5 told by him t ,i %\ld come back ! next fall4 ,hope = a mom5t light5$ my he>t2 & ,i indulg$ ! idea ( once m return+ to ! bosom ( my family4 ,b ,i recollect$ t my ma/] _h already cruelly deceiv$ me2 & despair aga9 took hold on me4 ,among our h&s 0 "o :om we us$ to call ,big ,h>ry4 ,he 0 a /\t1 a?letic man--v intellig5t1 & an excell5t workman2 b he 0 ( a high & pr\d _s1 :i* ! we>y & cru%+ weight ( a life ( slav]y _h n be5 able to subdue4 ,on almo/ e plantation at ! ,s\? y may f9d "o or m individuals1 ^: look & air %[ t !y h pres]v$ _! self-respect z m52--t ) !m ! p[] ( ! tyrant ends ) ! co]cion ( ! body--t ! s\l is free1 & ! inn] man reta9+ ! orig9al uprightness ( ! image ( ,god4 ,y may "k !m by ! /]n sobriety ( _! c\nt5ances1 & ! contempt ) :i* !y reg>d ! je/s & pa/imes ( _! mis]able & degrad$ companions1 :o1 l ,samson1 make sport = ! keep]s ( _! prison-h\se4 ,^! m5 are always fe>$ z well z hat$ by _! task-ma/]s4 ,h>ry _h nev] be5 :ipp$1 & _h always said t he w\ld die r ?an submit to x4 ,he made no secret ( 8 dete/ation ( ! ov]se]4 ,:ile mo/ ( ! slaves took (f _! hats1 ) c[]+ submission1 9 8 pres5ce1 ,h>ry always refus$ to d s4 ,he nev] spoke to him except 9 a brief answ] to 8 que/ions4 ,ma/] ,george1 :o knew1 & dread$ ! indomitable _s ( ! man1 told ! ov]se]1 be=e he left ! plantation1 to bew>e h[ he attempt$ to puni% him4 ,b1 ! habits ( tyranny 9 :i* ,huck/ep _h s long indulg$1 _h accu/om$ him to abject submission1 on ! "p ( 8 subjects2 & he c\ld n endure ?is upright & unbrok5 manl9ess4 ,he us$ frequ5tly to curse & swe> ab\t him1 & devise plans = puni%+ him on acc\nt ( 8 impud5ce z he call$ x4 ,a pretext 0 at la/ af=d$ him4 ,sometime 9 ,augu/ ( ?is ye>1 !re 0 a l>ge quantity ( yell[ unpick$ cotton ly+ 9 ! g9 h\se4 ,h>ry 0 employ$ at night 9 remov+ ! cotton see1 :i* has be5 ?r[n out by ! g94 ,! re/ ( ! male h&s 7 engag$ dur+ ! day 9 we$+ ! cotton = ! la/ "t1 & 9 ! nigh1 9 burn+ bru% on ! new l&s cle>+ = ! next ye>'s crop4 ,h>ry 0 told "o ev5+ to g ) ! o!rs & assi/ 9 burn+ ! bru%4 ,he accord+ly w5t & ! next night a d\ble quantity ( se$ _h accumulat$ 9 ! g9 h\se3 & al?\gh he work$ until ne>ly #b o'clock 9 ! morn+1 he c\ld n remove x all4 ,! next morn+ ! ov]se] came into ! field1 & dem&$ ( me :y ,i _h n :ipp$ ,h>ry = n remov+ all ! cotton se$4 ,he !n call$ al\d to ,h>ry to come =w>d & be :ipp$4 ,h>ry answ]$ some:at /]nly t he w\ld nei!r be /ruck by ov]se] nor driv]2 t he _h work$ ne>ly all night1 & _h sc>cely fall5 asleep :5 ! horn blew to summon him to 8 toil 9 ! field4 ,! ov]se] rav$ & ?reat5$1 b ,h>ry paid no f>!r att5tion to him4 ,he !n turn$ to me & ask$ me = my pi/ols1 ) a pair ( :i* he _h furni%$ me4 ,i told him !y 7 n ) me4 ,he gr[l$ an oa?1 ?rew himself on 8 horse & left u4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,i f\nd him half drunk & rav+ l a madman4 ,he said he w\ld no long] be> ) t nigg]'s insol5ce2 b w\ld :ip him if x co/ him 8 life4 ,he at l5g? fix$ ^u a plan = seiz+ him2 & told me t he w\ld g out 9 ! morn+1 ride along by ! side ( ,h>ry & talk pleasantly to him1 & !n1 :ile ,h>ry 0 att5d+ to him1 ,i 0 to /eal ^u him & knock him d[n1 by a bl[ on ! head1 f ! load$ & heavy h&le ( my :ip4 ,i 0 compell$ to promise to obey 8 directions4 ,! next morn+ :5 we got to ! field ,i told ,h>ry ( ! ov]se]'s plan1 & advis$ him by all means to be on 8 gu>d & wat* my motions4 ,8 eye gli/5$ ) gratitude4 ,?ank y ,james1 said he1 ,i'll take c>e t y don't t\* me4 ,huck/ep came into ! field ab\t #aj o'clock4 ,he rode along by ! side ( ,h>ry talk+ & laugh+4 ,i 0 walk+ on ! o!r side4 ,:5 ,i saw t ,h>ry's eye 0 ^u me ,i aim$ a bl[ at him int5d+ h[ev] to miss him4 ,he evad$ ! bl[ & turn$ fi]cely r\nd ) 8 hoe uplift$1 ?reat5+ to cut d[n any "o :o aga9 attempt$ to /rike him4 ,huck/ep curs$ my awkw>dness1 & told ,h>ry to put d[n 8 hoe & came to him4 ,he refus$ to d s & swore he w\ld kill ! fir/ man :o tri$ to lay h&s on him4 ,! c[>dly tyrant %rank away f 8 enrag$ bondman1 & = two weeks ,h>ry 0 n aga9 mole/$4 ,ab\t ! fir/ ( ,septemb]1 ! ov]se] _h "o ( 8 drunk5 fits4 ,he made ! h\se lit]ally an e>?ly hell4 ,he urg$ me to dr9k1 qu>rell$ & swore at me = decl9+1 & *as$ ! old woman r\nd ! h\se1 ) 8 bottle ( pea* br&y4 ,he !n told me t ,h>ry _h =gott5 ! attempt to seize him1 & t is ! morn+ we mu/ try our old game ov] aga94 ,on ! foll[+ morn+1 z ,i 0 h&+ to ea* ( ! h&s _! hoes f ! tool h\se1 ,i caught ,h>ry's eye4 ,look out1 said ,i to him4 ,huck/ep w be aft] y aga9 to day4 ,he utt]$ a deep curse aga9/ ! ov]se] & pass$ on to 8 "w4 ,aft] breakfa/ ,huck/ep came rid+ out to ! cotton field4 ,he ti$ 8 horse to a tree1 & came t[>ds u4 ,8 sall[ & hagg>d c\nt5ance 0 flu%$1 & 8 /ep un/eady4 ,he came up by ! side ( ,h>ry & began talk+ ab\t ! crops & ! wea!r2 ,i came at ! same "t on ! o!r side1 & 9 /rik+ at him1 beat (f 8 hat4 ,he sprang aside & /epp$ backw>ds4 ,huck/ep ) a dreadful oa? comm&$ him to /op1 say+ t he _h det]m9$ to :ip him1 & nei!r e>? nor hell %\ld prev5t him4 ,h>ry defi$ him3 & said he _h always done ! "w allott$ to him & t 0 en\gh3 he w\ld soon] die ?an h ! accurs$ la% t\* him4 ,! ov]se] /agg]$ to 8 horse1 m\nt$ him & rode furi\sly to ! h\se1 & soon made 8 appe>ance1 return+1 ) 8 gun 9 8 h&4 ,yond] comes ! devil6 said "o ( ! wom5 ^: r[ 0 ne> ,h>ry's4 ,yes1 said ano!r1 ,he's try+ to sc>e ,h>ry ) 8 gun4 ,let him try z he pleases1 said ,h>ry1 9 8 l[1 deep1 det]m9$ tones1 ,he may %oot me1 b he c't :ip me4 ,huck/ep came swe>+ on3 :5 )9 a few y>ds ( ,h>ry he /opp$1 look$ at him ) a />e ( m+l$ rage & drunk5 imbecility2 & bid him ?r[ d[n 8 hoe & come =w>d4 ,! undaunt$ slave refus$ to comply1 & cont9u+ 8 "w told ! drunk5 demon to %oot if he pleas$4 ,huck/ep advanc$ )9 a few /eps ( him :5 ,h>ry rais$ 8 hoe & told him to /& back4 ,he /epp$ back a few paces1 level$ 8 gun & fir$4 ,h>ry receiv$ ! *>ge 9 8 brea/1 & fell in/antly across a cotton r[4 ,he ?rew up 8 h&s wildly1 & groan$1 ,oh1 ,"l6 ,! h&s in/antly dropp$ _! hoes4 ,! wom5 %riek$ al\d4 ,= my own "p ,i /ood sil5t ) horror4 ,! cries ( ! wom5 enrag$ ! ov]se]1 he dropp$ 8 gun1 & snat*+ ! :ip f my h&1 ) horrid oa?s1 & imprecations fell to :ipp+ !m1 lay+ ab\t him l a maniac4 ,^u ,h>ry's si/] he be/[$ 8 bl[s )\t m]cy1 comm&+ h] to quit h] scream+ & g to "w4 ,! poor girl1 ^: bro!r _h ?us be5 murd]$ be=e h] eyes1 c\ld n wre/le d[n ! awful agony ( h] feel+s1 & ! brutal torm5tor left h] )\t effect+ 8 object4 ,he !n1 )\t go+ to look ( 8 victim1 told f\r ( ! h&s to c>ry him to ! h\se1 & tak+ up 8 gun left ! field4 ,:5 we got to ! poor fell[1 he 0 alive1 & groan+ fa9tly4 ,! h&s took him up1 b be=e !y rea*$ ! h\se he 0 dead4 ,huck/ep came out1 & look$ at him1 & f9d+ him dead1 ord]$ ! h&s to bury him4 ,! burial ( a slave 9 ,alabama is t ( a brute4 ,no c(f9--no dec5t %r\d--no pray]4 ,a hole is dug1 & ! body 7sometimes enclos$ 9 a rude box17 is ?r[n 9 )\t fur!r c]emony4 ,f ?is "t ! ov]se] 0 reg>d$ by ! :ole gang ) dete/ation & fe>--z a be+ to ^: rage & cruelty !re 7 no limits4 ,yet he 0 con/antly tell+ u t he 0 ! k9de/ ( ov]se]s--t he 0 =m]ly some:at sev]e 9 manag+ 8 h&s1 b t n[ he 01 if any ?+1 too indulg5t4 ,inde$ he _h ! reputation ( be+ a good ov]se]1 & an excell5t manag]1 :5 sob]4 ,! slaves on "s ( ! neighbor+ plantations 7 c]ta9ly worse clo!d & f$1 & m frequ5tly & cruelly :ipp$ ?an ours4 ,:5ev] ! saw !m !y compla9$ ( ov] work+ & %ort fe$+4 ,"o ( ,fl9*]'s1 & "o ( ,/urtivant's h&s ran away1 :ile ,i 0 9 ,alabama3 & aft] rema9+ 9 ! woods a:ile1 & despair+ ( be+ able to effect _! escape1 resolv$ to put an end to _! exi/5ce & _! slav]y toge!r4 ,ea* twi/$ himself a v9e ( ! muscad9e grape1 & fa/5$ "o end ar\nd ! limb ( an oak1 & made a noose 9 ! o!r4 ,jacob1 ,fl9*]'s man1 swung himself (f fir/1 & expir$ aft] a long /ruggle4 ,! o!r1 horrifi$ by ! contortions & agony ( 8 comrade1 dropp$ 8 noose1 & 0 retak54 ,:5 discov]$1 two or ?ree days aft]w>ds1 ! body ( ,jacob 0 dreadfully torn & mangl$1 by ! buzz>ds1 ^? w+$ hy5as & g\les ( ! ,s\?we/4 ,among ! slaves :o 7 br\ght f ,virg9ia1 7 two "y & bright mulatto wom51 :o 7 always und]/ood ?r\gh\t ! plantation to h be5 ! daught]s ( ! eld] ,l>rimore1 by "o ( 8 slaves4 ,"o 0 nam$ ,s>ah & ! o!r ,hannah4 ,s>ah1 be+ 9 a /ate ( pregnancy1 fail$ ( execut+ h] daily allott$ task ( hoe+ cotton4 ,i 0 ord]$ to :ip h]1 & on my remon/rat+ ) ! ov]se]1 & repres5t+ ! condition ( ! woman1 ,i 0 told t my bus9ess 0 to obey ord]s1 & t if ,i 0 told to :ip a dead nigg] ,i mu/ d x4 ,i accord+ly gave h] fifty la%es4 ,?is 0 on ,?ursday ev5+4 ,on ,friday %e also fail$ ?r\gh weakness1 & 0 compell$ to lie d[n 9 ! field4 ,t night ! ov]se] himself :ipp$ h]4 ,on ,saturday ! wret*$ woman dragg$ h]self once m to ! cotton field4 ,9 ! burn+ sun1 & 9 a situation :i* w\ld h call$ =? pity 9 ! bosom ( any "o save a cotton-gr[+ ov]se]1 %e /ruggl$ to f9i% h] task4 ,%e fail$--nature c\ld d no m--& sick & despair+1 %e s\ght h] cab94 ,!re ! ov]se] met h] & inflict$ fifty m la%es ^u h] already lac]at$ back4 ,! next morn+ 0 ! ,sabba?4 ,x br\ght no joy to t suff]+ woman4 ,in/ead ( ! tones ( ! *ur* bell summon+ to ! h\se ( pray]1 %e he>d ! dreadful s\nd ( ! la% fall+ ^u ! backs ( h] bre?r5 & si/]s 9 bondage4 ,= ! voice ( pray] %e he>d curses4 ,= ! songs ( ,zion obsc5e & hateful blasphemies4 ,no bible 0 !re ) its consolations = ! sick ( he>t4 ,fa9t & fev]$1 sc>r$ & sm>t+ f ! effects ( h] cruel puni%m5t1 %e lay ^u h] pallet ( moss--dread+ ! com+ ( h] rel5tless p]secutor1--:o1 9 ! madness ( "o ( 8 p]iodical fits ( drunk5ness1 0 n[ swe>+ & curs+ ?r\gh ! qu>t]s4 ,"s ( ! poor woman's fri5ds on ! ev5+ be=e1 _h attempt$ to relieve h] ( ! task :i* _h be5 assign$ h]1 b exhau/$ nature1 & ! selfi%ness induc$ by _! own mis]able situation1 did n p]mit !m to f9i% x & ! ov]se]1 on exam9ation1 f\nd t ! week's "w ( ! woman1 0 /ill defici5t4 ,aft] breakfa/1 he ord]$ h] to be ti$ up to ! limb ( a tree1 by means ( a rope fa/5$ r\nd h] wri/s1 s z to leave h] feet ab\t six in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,%e begg$ him to let h] d[n = %e 0 v sick4 ,v well6 he exclaim$ ) a sne] & a laugh1--,i %all ble$ y !n1 & take out "s ( y\r ,virg9ia blood4 ,y are too pr\d a miss = ,alabama4 ,he /ruck h] a few bl[s4 ,sw++ ?us by h] arms1 %e succe$$ 9 plac+ "o ( h] feet aga9/ ! body ( ! tree1 & ?us p>tly support$ h]self1 & reliev$ 9 "s degree ! pa9ful weight ^u h] wri/s4 ,he ?rew d[n 8 :ip--took a rail f ! g>d5 f5ce1 ord]$ h] feet to be ti$ toge!r1 & ?ru/ ! rail betwe5 !m4 ,he !n ord]$ "o ( ! h&s to sit ^u x4 ,h] back at ?is "t 0 b>e1 b ! /r+s ( ! only g>m5t :i* %e wore pass$ ov] h] %\ld]s & prev5t$ ! full =ce ( ! :ip f act+ on h] fle%4 ,^! he cut (f ) 8 p5-knife1 & ?us left h] entirely nak$4 ,he /ruck h] only two bl[s1 = ! second "o cut op5 h] side & abdom5 ) a frightful ga%4 ,unable to look on any long] 9 sil5ce1 ,i entreat$ him to /op1 z ,i fe>$ he _h kill$ h]4 ,! ov]se] look$ at ! w\nd--dropp$ 8 :ip1 & ord]$ h] to be unti$4 ,%e 0 c>ri$ into ! h\se 9 a /ate ( ins5sibility1 & di$ 9 ?ree days aft]4 ,dur+ ! :ole season ( pick+ cotton1 ! :ip 0 frequ5tly & sev]ely pli$4 ,9 8 seasons ( intoxication1 ! ov]se] made no di/9ction betwe5 ! /\t man & ! feeble & delicate woman--! sick & ! well4 ,wom5 9 a f> advanc$ /ate ( pregnancy 7 driv5 out to ! cotton field4 ,at o!r times he seem$ to h "s consid]ation2 & to manife/ some?+ l humanity4 ,our h&s did n suff] = food--!y _h a good supply ( ham & corn-meal1 :ile on ,fl9*]'s plantation ! slaves _h meat b once a ye>1 at ,*ri/mas4 ,ne> ! comm5cem5t ( ! we$+ season ( #ahce1 ,i 0 ord]$ to :ip a "y woman1 a light mu/ee1 = n p]=m+ h] task4 ,i told ! ov]se] t %e 0 sick4 ,he said he did n c>e = t1 %e %\ld be made to "w4 ,a day or two aft]w>ds1 ,i f\nd him 9 ! h\se half intoxicat$4 ,he dem&$ ( me :y ,i _h n :ipp$ ! girl2 & ,i gave ! same reason z be=e4 ,he flew into a dreadful rage1 b 8 mis]able situation made him an object ( contempt r ?an fe>4 ,he sat %ak+ 8 fi/ at me1 & swe>+ = ne>ly half an h\r4 ,he said he w\ld tea* ! ,virg9ia lady to %am sickness2 & t ! only reason ,i did n :ip h] 01 t %e 0 a :ite woman1 & ,i did n l to cut up h] delicate sk94 ,"s "t aft] ,i 0 ord]$ to give two ( our wom51 nam$ ,hannah & big ,s>ah1 #aej la%es ea*1 = n p]=m+ _! tasks4 ,! ov]se] /ood by until he saw ,hannah :ipp$1 & until ,s>ah _h be5 ti$ up to ! tree4 ,z soon z 8 back 0 turn$ ,i /ruck ! tree in/ead ( ! woman1 :o und]/&+ my object1 %riek$ z if ! :ip at e bl[ 0 cutt+ into h] fle%4 ,! ov]se] he>d ! bl[s & ! woman's cries1 & suppos+ t all 0 go+ on accord+ to 8 m9d1 left ! field4 ,un=tunately ! husb& ( ,hannah /ood look+ on2 & indignant t 8 wife %\ld be :ipp$ & ,s>ah sp>$1 det]m9$ to rev5ge himself by in=m+ aga9/ me4 ,next morn+ ,huck/ep dem&$ ( me :e!r ,i _h :ipp$ ,s>ah ! day be=e2 ,i repli$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,^u ?is he call$ ,s>ah =w>d & made h] %[ h] back1 :i* bore no traces ( rec5t :ipp+4 ,he !n turn$ ^u me & told me t ! bl[s int5d$ = ,s>ah %\ld be laid on my back4 ,t night ! ov]se]1 ) ! help ( ?ree ( ! h&s1 ti$ me up to a l>ge tree--my arms & legs be+ clasp$ r\nd x1 & my body drawn up h>d aga9/ x by two m5 pull+ at my arms & "o pu%+ aga9/ my back4 ,! agony occasion$ by ?is alone 0 almo/ intol]able4 ,i felt a s5se ( pa9ful suffocation1 & c\ld sc>cely cat* my brea?4 ,a mom5t aft] ,i felt ! fir/ bl[ ( ! ov]se]'s :ip across my %\ld]s4 ,x seem$ to cut into my v he>t4 ,i felt ! blood gu%1 & run d[n my back4 ,i fa9t$ at l5g? "u ! torture1 & on be+ tak5 d[n1 my %oes conta9$ blood :i* ran f ! ga%es 9 my back4 ,! sk9 0 worn (f f by brea/1 arms1 & ?ighs1 aga9/ ! r\gh b>k ( ! tree4 ,i 0 sick & fev]i%1 & 9 great pa9 = ?ree weeks aft]w>ds2 mo/ ( :i* "t ,i 0 oblig$ to lie ) my face d[nw>ds1 9 consequ5ce ( ! extreme sor5ess ( my sides & back1 ,huck/ep himself seem$ conc]n$ ab\t me1 & w\ld come frequ5tly to see me1 & tell me t he %\ld n h t\*$ me _h x n be5 = ! curs$ pea* br&y4 ,almo/ ! fir/ p]son t ,i 0 compell$ to :ip aft] ,i recov]$1 0 ! man :o pu%$ at my back :5 ,i 0 ti$ up to ! tree4 ,! h&s :o 7 look+ on at t "t1 all ?\ght he pu%$ me mu* h>d] ?an 0 necess>y3 & !y expect$ t ,i w\ld retaliate ^u him ! injury ,i _h receiv$4 ,aft] he 0 ti$ up1 ! ov]se] told me to give him a sev]e flogg+1 & left me4 ,i /ruck ! tree in/ead ( ! man4 ,8 wife1 :o 0 look+ on1 almo/ ov]:elm$ me ) h] gratitude4 ,at l5g? "o morn+1 late 9 ! fall ( #ahce1 ,i saw ,huck/ep1 & a g5tleman ride out to ! field4 ,z !y approa*$1 ,i saw ! latt] 0 my ma/]4 ,! h&s all ceas$ _! labor1 & cr[d$ ar\nd him1 inquir+ ab\t old ,virg9ia4 ,= my own "p1 ,i c\ld n ha/5 to greet him4 ,he _h too cruelly deceiv$ me4 ,he at l5g? came t[>ds me1 & seem$ some:at emb>rass$4 ,well ,james1 said he1 h[ d y /& x "h8 ,badly en\gh1 ,i repli$4 ,i _h no ?\ght t y c\ld be s cruel z to g away & leave me z y did4 ,well1 well1 x 0 too bad1 b x c\ld n be help$--y mu/ blame ,huck/ep = x4 ,b1 said ,i1 ,i 0 n 8 s]vant2 ,i belong$ to y1 & y c\ld d z y pleas$4 ,well1 said he1 we w talk ab\t t by & by4 ,he !n inquir$ ( ,huck/ep :]e big ,s>ah 04 ,%e 0 sick & di$1 0 ! answ]4 ,he look$ r\nd am\ng ! slaves aga91 & inquir$ = ,h>ry4 ,! ov]se] told him t ,h>ry und]took to kill him1 & t1 to save 8 life1 he 0 oblig$ to fire ^u him1 & t he di$ ( ! w\nd4 ,aft] "s fur!r inquiries1 he reque/$ me to g into ! h\se ) him4 ,he !n ask$ me to tell him h[ ?+s _h be5 manag$ dur+ 8 abs5ce4 ,i gave him a full acc\nt ( ! ov]se]'s cruelty4 ,:5 he he>d ( ! mann] ( ,h>ry's dea?1 he seem$ mu* affect$ & %$ te>s4 ,he 0 a favorite s]vant ( 8 fa!r's4 ,i %[$ him ! deep sc>s on my back occasion$ by ! :ipp+ ,i _h receiv$4 ,he 01 or pr(ess$ to be1 highly indignant ) ,huck/ep2 & said he w\ld see to x t he did n lay h&s on me aga94 ,he told me he %\ld be glad to take me ) him to ,virg9ia1 b he did n "k :]e he %\ld f9d a driv] :o w\ld be s k9d to ! h&s z ,i 04 ,if ,i w\ld /ay t5 ye>s1 he w\ld give me a ?\s& doll>s1 & a piece ( l& to plant on my own acc\nt4 ,b1 said ,i1 my wife & *ildr54 ,well1 said he1 ,i w d my be/ to pur*ase !m1 & s5d !m on to y4 ,i n[ saw t my de/9y 0 fix$3 & t ,i 0 to sp5d my days 9 ,alabama1 & ,i retir$ to my b$ t ev5+ ) a heavy he>t4 ,my ma/] /aid only ?ree or f\r days on ! plantation4 ,be=e he left1 he caution$ ,huck/ep to be c>eful & n /rike me aga91 z he w\ld on no acc\nt p]mit x4 ,he told him to give ! h&s food en\gh1 & n ov]-"w !m1 &1 hav+ ?us satisfi$ 8 consci5ce1 left u to our fate4 ,out ( ! two hundr$ & f\rte5 slaves :o 7 br\ght out f ,virg9ia1 at lea/ "o-?ird ( !m 7 memb]s ( ! ,me?odi/ & ,bapti/ *ur*es 9 t ,/ate4 ,( ?is numb] five or six c\ld read4 ,!n _h be5 torn away f ! c>e & discipl9e ( _! respective *ur*es1 & f ! means ( in/ruction1 b !y reta9$ _! love = ! ex]cises ( religion2 & felt a m\rnful pleasure 9 speak+ ( ! privileges & spiritual bless+s :i* !y enjoy$ 9 ,old ,virg9ia4 ,?ree ( !m _h be5 prea*]s1 or exhort]s1 viz4 ,solomon1 usually call$ ,uncle ,solomon1 ,ri*>d & ,david4 ,uncle ,solomon 0 a grave1 eld]ly man1 mild & =giv+ 9 8 temp]1 & greatly e/eem$ among ! m s]i\s portion ( our h&s4 ,he us$ to snat* e occasion to talk to ! lewd & vici\s ab\t ! conc]ns ( _! s\ls1 & to advise !m to fix _! m9ds ^u ! ,savior1 z _! only help]4 ,"s ,i h he>d curse & swe> 9 answ]1 & o!rs w\ld say t !y c\ld n keep _! m9ds ^u ,god & ! devil 7mean+ ,huck/ep7 at ! same "t3 t x 0 ( no use to try to be religi\s--!y _h no "t--t ! ov]se] w\ldn't let !m meet to pray--& t ev5 ,uncle ,solomon1 :5 he pray$1 _h to keep "o eye op5 all ! "t1 to see if ,huck/ep 0 com+4 ,uncle ,solomon c\ld bo? read & write1 & _h br\ght out ) him f ,virg9ia a ,bible1 a hymn-book1 & "s o!r religi\s books1 :i* he c>efully conceal$ f ! ov]se]1 ,huck/ep 0 himself an op5 infidel z well z blasphem]4 ,he us$ to tell ! h&s t !re 0 no hell h]eaft] = :ite p1 b t !y _h _! puni%m5t on e>? 9 be+ oblig$ to take c>e ( ! negroes4 ,z = ! blacks1 he 0 sure !re 0 a hell = !m4 ,he us$ frequ5tly to sit ) 8 bottle by 8 side1 & a ,bible 9 8 h&2 & read passages & comm5t on !m1 & pron\nce !m lies4 ,any ?+ l religi\s feel+ among ! slaves irritat$ him4 ,he said t s mu* pray+ & s++ prev5t$ ! p f do+ _! tasks1 z x kept !m up nights1 :5 !y %\ld be asleep4 ,he us$ to mock1 & 9 e possible way int]rupt ! poor slaves1 :o aft] ! toil ( ! day1 knelt 9 _! l[ly cab9s to (f] _! pray]s & supplications to ,him ^: e> is op5 to ! sorr[ful sigh+ ( ! prison]1 & :o ha? promis$ 9 ,8 own "t to come d[n & deliv]4 ,9 8 drunk5 seasons he w\ld make excursions at night ?r\gh ! slave-qu>t]s1 ent] ! cab9s1 & fright5 ! inmates1 especially if engag$ 9 pray] or s++4 ,on "o ( ^! occasions he came back rubb+ 8 h&s & laugh+4 ,he said he _h f\nd ,uncle ,solomon 9 8 g>d51 d[n on 8 knees1 pray+ l an old owl1 & _h tipp$ him ov]1 & fright5$ him half out ( 8 wits4 ,at ano!r "t he f\nd ,uncle ,david sitt+ on 8 /ool ) 8 face ?ru/ up ! *imney1 9 ord] t 8 voice might n be he>d by 8 brutal p]secutor4 ,he 0 pray+1 giv+ utt]ance to ^! words1 probably 9 ref]5ce to 8 bondage3--,h[ long1 oh1 ,"l1 h[ long8 ,z long z my :ip6 cri$ ! ov]se]1 :o _h /ol5 beh9d him1 giv+ him a bl[4 ,x 0 ! sport ( a demon4 ,n long aft] my ma/] _h left u1 ! ov]se] asc]ta9$ = ! fir/ "t t "s ( ! h&s c\ld read1 & t !y _h br\ght books ) !m f ,virg9ia4 ,he compell$ !m to give up ! keys ( _! *e/s1 & on se>*+ f\nd sev]al ,bibles & hymn-books4 ,uncle ,solomon's *e/ conta9$ q a libr>y1 :i* he c\ld read at night by ! light ( knots ( ! pit*p9e4 ,^! books he collect$ toge!r1 & 9 ! ev5+ call$ ,uncle ,solomon into ! h\se4 ,aft] je]+ him = "s "t1 he gave him "o ( ! ,bibles & told him to "n 8 text & prea* him a s]mon4 ,! old man 0 sil5t4 ,he !n made him get up on ! table1 & ord]$ him to pray4 ,uncle ,solomon meekly repli$1 t =c$ pray] 0 n good = s\l or body4 ,! ov]se] !n knelt d[n himself1 & 9 a blasphem\s mann]1 pray$ t ! ,"l w\ld s5d 8 _s into ,uncle ,solomon2 or else let ! old man fall f ! table & break 8 neck1 & s h an end ( nigg] prea*+4 ,on gett+ up f 8 knees he w5t to ! cupbo>d1 p\r$ out a glass ( br&y = himself1 & br\ght ano!r to ! table4 ,james1 said he1 address+ me1 ,uncle ,solomon /&s !re1 = all ! _w1 l a ,hickory ,quak]4 ,8 _s don't move4 ,i'll see if ano!r _s wont move x4 ,he compell$ ! old prea*] to swall[ ! br&y2 & !n told him to prea* & exhort1 = ! _s 0 9 him4 ,he set "o ( ! ,bibles on fire1 & aft] x 0 consum$1 mix$ up ! a%es ( x 9 a glass ( wat]1 & compell$ ! old man to dr9k x1 tell+ him t z ! _s & ! ^w 7 n[ bo? 9 him1 !re 0 no long] any excuse = n prea*+4 ,aft] torm5t+ ! we>i$ old man 9 ?is way until ne>ly midnight he p]mitt$ him to g to 8 qu>t]s4 ,! next day ,i saw ,uncle ,solomon1 & talk$ ) him ab\t 8 treatm5t4 ,he said x w\ld n always be s--t slav]y 0 to come to an end1 = ! ,bible said s--t !re w\ld !n be no m :ipp+s & fight+s1 b ! lion ! lamb w\ld lie d[n toge!r1 & all w\ld be love4 ,he said he pray$ = ,huck/ep--t x 0 n he b ! devil 9 him :o behav$ s4 ,at 8 reque/1 ,i f\nd means to get him a ,bible & a hymn-book f ! ov]se]'s room2 & ! old man ev] aft]w>ds kept !m conceal$ 9 ! h5-h\se4 ,! we$+ season ( #ahcf1 0 m>k$ by repeat$ acts ( cruelty on ! "p ( ,huck/ep4 ,"o ( ! h&s1 ,priscilla1 01 ow+ to h] delicate situation1 unable to p]=m h] daily task4 ,he ord]$ h] to be ti$ up aga9/ a tree1 9 ! same mann] t ,i _h be54 ,9 ?is situation %e 0 :ipp$ until %e 0 deliv]$ ( a dead infant1 at ! foot ( ! tree6 ,our m5 took h] ^u a %eet1 & c>ri$ h] to ! h\se1 :]e %e lay sick = sev]al mon?s1 b f9ally recov]$4 ,i h he>d him repeat$ly laugh at ! circum/ance4 ,n long aft] ?is1 we 7 surpris$1 "o morn+ ab\t t5 o'clock1 by he>+ ! horn bl[n at ! h\se4 ,pres5tly ,aunt ,polly came scream+ into ! field4 ,:at is ! matt]1 ,aunty8 ,i inquir$4 ,oh ,lor6 said %e1 ,old ,huck/ep's pit*$ (f 8 horse & broke 8 head1 & is e'en ab\t dead4 ,?ank ,god6 said little ,simon1 ,! devil w h him at la/4 ,god-a-mighty be prais$6 exclaim$ half a doz5 o!rs4 ,! h&s1 ) "o accord dropp$ _! hoes2 & cr[d$ r\nd ! old woman1 ask+ que/ions4 ,is he dead8--,w he die8 ,did y feel ( him--0 he cold8 ,aunt ,polly expla9$ z well z %e c\ld1 t ,huck/ep1 9 a /ate ( p>tial intoxication1 _h attempt$ to leap 8 horse ov] a f5ce1 _h fall5 & cut a deep ga% 9 8 head1 & t he 0 n[ ly+ ins5sible4 ,x is impossible to describe ! effect produc$ by ?is news among ! h&s4 ,m51 wom5 & *ildr5 %\t$1 clapp$ _! h&s1 & laugh$ al\d4 ,"s curs$ ! ov]se]1 & o!rs ?ank$ ! ,"l = tak+ him away4 ,little ,simon got d[n on 8 knees1 & call$ l\dly ^u ,god to f9i% 8 "w1 & nev] let ! ov]se] aga9 ent] a cotton field4 ,let him die1 ,"l1 said he1 let him4 ,he's kill$ en\gh ( u3 ,oh1 good ,"l1 let him die & n live4 ,peace1 peace6 x is a bad _s1 said ,uncle ,solomon1 ,god himself wille? n ! dea? ( a s9n]4 ,i foll[$ ! old woman to ! h\se2 & f\nd ,huck/ep at ! foot ( "o ( ^? trees1 s common at ! ,s\?1 call$ ! ,pride ( ,*9a4 ,8 face 0 black1 & !re 0 a frightful contusion on ! side ( 8 head4 ,he 0 c>ri$ into ! h\se1 :]e1 on my ble$+ him1 he reviv$4 ,he lay 9 great pa9 = sev]al days1 & x 0 ne>ly ?ree weeks be=e he 0 able to come out to ! cotton fields4 ,on return+ to ! field aft] ,huck/ep _h reviv$1 ,i f\nd ! h&s sadly disappo9t$ to he> t he 0 /ill liv+4 ,"s ( !m fell to curs+ & swe>+1 & 7 enrag$ ) me = try+ to save 8 life4 ,little ,simon said ,i 0 a fool2 if he _h bl$ him he w\ld h done x to "s purpose4 ,he w\ld at lea/1 h s disable 8 arm t he w\ld nev] aga9 try to sw+ a :ip4 ,uncle ,solomon remon/rat$ ) ,simon1 & told t ,i _h done "r4 ,! neighb\r+ ov]se]s us$ frequ5tly to visit ,huck/ep1 & he1 9 turn1 visit$ !m4 ,i 0 sometimes pres5t dur+ _! int]views1 & he>d !m tell ea* o!r /ories ( horse-rac+1 negro-hunt+s1 c4 ,"s "t dur+ ?is season1 ,ludl[1 :o 0 ov]se] ( a plantation ab\t eight miles f ours1 told ( a slave ( 8 nam$ ,?ornton1 :o _h twice attempt$ to escape ) 8 wife & "o *ild4 ,! fir/ "t he 0 caught )\t mu* difficulty1 *a9$ to ! ov]se]'s horse1 & 9 t way br\ght back4 ,! poor man1 to save 8 wife f a beat+1 laid all ! blame ^u himself2 & said t 8 wife _h no wi% to escape1 & tri$ to prev5t him f attempt+ x4 ,he 0 sev]ely :ipp$2 b soon ran away aga91 & 0 aga9 arre/$4 ,! ov]se]1 ,ludl[1 said he 0 det]m9$ to put a /op to ! runaway1 & accord+ly _h resort to a some:at unusual me?od ( puni%m5t4 ,!re is a great sc>city ( good wat] 9 t section ( ,alabama2 & y w g5]ally see a l>ge ci/]n atta*$ to ! corn]s ( ! h\ses to cat* wat] = wa%+ c4 ,und]nea? ?is ci/]n is frequ5tly a tank f eight to t5 feet deep1 into :i*1 :5 ! =m] is full ! wat] is p]mitt$ to run4 ,f ?is tank ! wat] is pump$ out = use4 ,into "o ( ^! tanks ! un=tunate slave 0 plac$1 & conf9$ by "o ( 8 ancles to ! bottom ( x2 & ! wat] 0 suff]$ to fl[ 9 f above4 ,he 0 compell$ to pump out ! wat] z fa/ z x came 91 by means ( a long rod or h&le connect$ ) ! pump above gr\nd4 ,he 0 n all[$ to beg9 until ! wat] _h ris5 to 8 middle4 ,any pause or delay aft] ?is1 f weakness & exhau/ion1 w\ld h be5 fatal1 z ! wat] w\ld h ris5 above 8 head4 ,9 ?is horrible dungeon1 toil+ = 8 life1 he 0 kept = tw5ty-f\r h\rs )\t any su/5ance4 ,ev5 ,huck/ep said t ?is 0 too bad--t he _h himself =m]ly puni%$ runaways 9 t way--b %\ld n d x aga94 ,i rejoice to be able to say t ?is suff]] has at la/ escap$ ) 8 wife & *ild1 into a free /ate4 ,he 0 assi/$ by "s :ite m51 b ,i d n "k all ! p>ticul>s ( 8 escape4 ,our ov]se] _h n be5 long able to ride ab\t ! plantation aft] 8 accid5t1 be=e 8 life 0 aga9 endang]$4 ,he f\nd two ( ! h&s1 ,little ,j>ret & ,simon1 fight+ ) ea* o!r1 & attempt$ to *a/ise bo? ( !m4 ,j>ret bore x pati5tly1 b ,simon turn$ ^u him1 seiz$ a /ake or p9 f a c>t ne> by1 & fell$ him to ! gr\nd4 ,! ov]se] got up--w5t to ! h\se1 & told aunt ,polly t he _h ne>ly be5 kill$ by ! 'nigg]s1' & reque/$ h] to tie up 8 head1 f :i* ! blood 0 /ream+4 ,z soon z ?is 0 done1 he took d[n 8 gun1 & w5t out 9 pursuit ( ,simon1 :o _h fl$ to 8 cab91 to get "s ?+s :i* he suppos$ necess>y previ\s to attempt+ 8 escape f ! plantation4 ,he 0 j /epp+ out ( ! door :5 he met ! enrag$ ov]se] ) 8 gun 9 8 h&4 ,n a ^w 0 spok5 by ei!r4 ,huck/ep rais$ 8 gun & fir$4 ,! man fell )\t a groan across ! door-sill4 ,he rose up twice on 8 h&s & knees1 b di$ 9 a few m9utes4 ,he 0 dragg$ (f & buri$4 ,! ov]se] told me t !re 0 no o!r way to deal ) su* a fell[4 ,x 0 ,alabama law1 if a slave resi/$ to %oot him at once4 ,he told me ( a case :i* occurr$ 9 #ahcd1 on a plantation ab\t t5 miles di/ant1 & adjo9+ t :]e ,crop1 ! negro hunt]1 bo>d$ ) 8 h\nds4 ,! ov]se] _h b\ght "s slaves at ,selma1 f a drove or c(fle pass+ ?r\gh ! place4 ,!y prov$ v refractory4 ,he :ipp$ ?ree ( !m1 & und]took to :ip a f\r? :o 0 f ,m>yl&4 ,! man rais$ 8 hoe 9 a ?reat5+ mann]1 & ! ov]se] fir$ ^u him4 ,! slave fell1 b in/antly rose up on 8 h&s & knees1 & 0 beat5 d[n aga9 by ! /ock ( ! ov]se]'s gun4 ,! w\nd$ wret* rais$ himself once m1 drew a knife f ! wai/b& ( 8 pantaloons1 & cat*+ hold ( ! ov]se]'s coat1 rais$ himself high en\gh to inflict a fatal w\nd ^u ! latt]4 ,bo? fell toge!r1 & di$ imm$iately aft]4 ,no?+ m ( special importance occurr$ until ,july1 ( la/ ye>1 :5 "o ( our m5 nam$ ,john1 0 :ipp$ ?ree times = n p]=m+ 8 task4 ,on ! la/ day ( ! mon?1 aft] 8 ?ird :ipp+1 he ran away4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+1 ,i f\nd t he 0 miss+ at 8 r[4 ,! ov]se] said we mu/ hunt him up2 & he blew ! nigg] horn1 z x is call$1 = ! dogs4 ,?is horn 0 only us$ :5 we w5t out 9 pursuit ( fugitives4 ,x is a c['s horn1 & makes a %ort1 l\d s\nd4 ,we cross$ ,fl9*]'s & ,goldsby's plantations1 z ! dogs _h got ^u ,john's track1 & w5t ( b>k+ 9 t direction1 & ! two ov]se]s jo9$ u 9 ! *ase4 ,! dogs soon caught sight ( ! runaway1 & compell$ him to climb a tree4 ,we came up2 ,huck/ep ord]$ him d[n1 & secur$ him ^u my horse by ty+ him to my back4 ,on rea*+ home he 0 /ripp$ entirely nak$ & la%$ up to a tree4 ,fl9*] !n volunte]$ to :ip him on "o side ( 8 legs1 & ,goldsby on ! o!r4 ,i _h1 9 ! meantime1 be5 ord]$ to prep>e a wa% ( salt & pepp]1 & wa% 8 w\nds ) x4 ,! poor fell[ groan$1 & 8 fle% %runk & quiv]$ z ! burn+ solution 0 appli$ to x4 ,?is wa%1 :ile x adds to ! imm$iate torm5t ( ! suff]]1 facilitates ! cure ( ! w\nd$ p>ts4 ,huck/ep !n :ipp$ him f 8 neck d[n to 8 ?ighs1 mak+ ! cuts l5g?wise ( 8 back4 ,he 0 v exp]t ) ! :ip1 & c\ld /rike1 at any "t1 )9 an in* ( 8 m>k4 ,he !n gave ! :ip to me & told me to /rike directly across 8 back4 ,:5 ,i _h f9i%$1 ! mis]able suff]]1 f 8 neck to 8 heel1 0 cov]$ ) blood & bruises4 ,goldsby & ,fl9*] n[ turn$ to ,huck/ep1 & told him1 t ,i des]v$ a :ipp+ z mu* z ,john did3 t !y _h kn[n me frequ5tly disobey 8 ord]s1 & t ,i 0 p>tial to ! ,virg9ia ladies1 & didn't :ip !m z ,i did ! m54 ,!y said if ,i 0 a driv] ( !irs !y w\ld "k :at to d ) me4 ,huck/ep agre$ ) !m2 & aft] direct+ me to g to ! h\se & prep>e m ( ! wa% = ,john's back1 he call$ aft] me ) an oa?1 to see to x t ,i _h "s = myself1 = he meant to give me1 at lea/1 two hundr$ & fifty la%es4 ,i return$ to ! h\se1 & sc>cely consci\s ( :at ,i 0 do+1 fill$ an iron vessel ) wat]1 put 9 ! salt & pepp]2 & plac$ x ov] ! emb]s4 ,z ,i /ood by ! fire wat*+ ! boil+ ( ! mixture1 & reflect+ ^u ! dreadful torture to :i* ,i 0 ab\t to he subject$1 ! ?\ght ( escape fla%$ ^u my m9d4 ,! *ance 0 a desp]ate "o2 b ,i resolv$ to attempt x4 ,i ran up /airs1 ti$ my %irt 9 a h&k]*ief1 & /epp$ out ( ! back door ( ! h\se1 tell+ ,aunt ,polly to take c>e ( ! wa% at ! fire until ,i return$4 ,! sun 0 ab\t "o h\r high1 b luckily = me ! h&s z well z ! ?ree ov]se]s1 7 on ! o!r side ( ! h\se4 ,i kept ! h\se betwe5 !m & myself1 & ran z fa/ z ,i c\ld = ! woods4 ,on rea*+ !m ,i f\nd myself oblig$ to proce$ sl[ly z !re 0 a ?ick und]gr[? ( cane & re$s4 ,night came on4 ,i /raggl$ =w>d by a dim />-light1 amid/ v9es & re$ b$s4 ,ab\t midnight ! horizon began to be ov]ca/2 & ! d>kness increas$ until 9 ! ?ick =e/1 ,i c\ld sc>cely see a y>d be=e me4 ,fe>+ t ,i might lose my way & w&] t[>ds ! plantation1 in/ead ( f x1 ,i resolv$ to wait until day4 ,i laid d[n ^u a little hillock1 & fell asleep4 ,:5 ,i awoke x 0 broad day4 ,! cl\ds _h vani%$1 & ! hot sun%9e fell ?r\gh ! trees ^u my face4 ,i />t$ up1 realiz+ my situation1 & d>t$ onw>d4 ,my object 0 to rea* ! great road by :i* we _h travell$ :5 we came out f ,virg9ia4 ,i _h1 h[ev]1 v little hope ( escape4 ,i knew t a hot pursuit w\ld be made aft] me1 & :at ,i mo/ dread$ 01 t ! ov]se] w\ld procure ,crop's bloodh\nds to foll[ my track4 ,if only ! h\nds ( our plantation 7 s5t aft] me1 ,i _h hopes ( be+ able to make fri5ds ( !m1 z !y 7 always good-natur$ & ob$i5t to me4 ,i travell$ until1 z ne> z ,i c\ld judge1 ab\t t5 o'clock1 :5 a di/ant s\nd />tl$ me4 ,i /opp$ & li/5$4 ,x 0 ! deep bay ( ! bloodh\nd1 app>5tly at a great di/ance4 ,i hurri$ on until ,i came to a creek ab\t fifte5 y>ds wide1 skirt$ by an almo/ imp5etrable gr[? ( re$s & cane4 ,plung+ into x1 ,i swam across & ran d[n by ! side ( x a %ort di/ance1 &1 9 ord] to baffle ! dogs1 swam back to ! o!r side aga94 ,i /opp$ 9 ! re$-b$ & li/5$4 ,! dogs seem$ close at h&1 & by ! l\d b>k+ ,i felt p]suad$ t ,crop's h\nds 7 ) !m4 ,i ?\ght ( ! fate ( ,little ,john1 :o _h be5 torn 9 pieces by ! h\nds1 & ( ! sc>cely less dreadful condition ( ^? :o _h escap$ ! dogs only to fall into ! h&s ( ! ov]se]4 ,! yell ( ! dogs grew l\d]4 ,escape seem$ impossible4 ,i ran d[n to ! creek ) a det]m9ation to dr[n myself4 ,i plung$ into ! wat] & w5t d[n to ! bottom2 b ! dreadful /rangl+ s5sation compell$ me to /ruggle up to ! surface4 ,aga9 ,i he>d ! yell ( ! bloodh\nds2 & aga9 desp]ately plung$ d[n into ! wat]4 ,z ,i w5t d[n ,i op5$ my m\?1 &1 *ok$ & gasp+1 ,i f\nd myself once m /ruggl+ upw>d4 ,z ,i rose to ! top ( ! wat] & caught a glimpse ( ! sun%9e & ! trees1 ! love ( life reviv$ 9 me4 ,i swam to ! o!r side ( ! creek1 & =c$ my way ?r\gh ! re$s to a l>ge tree1 & /ood "u "o ( its l[e/ limbs1 ready 9 case ( necessity1 to spr+ up into x4 ,"h pant+ & exhau/$1 ,i /ood wait+ = ! dogs4 ,! woods seem$ full ( !m4 ,i he>d a bell t9kle1 &1 a mom5t aft]1 our old h\nd ,v5us came b\nd+ ?r\gh ! cane1 dripp+ wet f ! creek4 ,z ! old h\nd came t[>ds me1 ,i call$ to h] z ,i us$ to d :5 out hunt+ ) h]4 ,%e /opp$ sudd5ly1 look$ up at me1 & !n came wagg+ h] tail & fawn+ ar\nd me4 ,a mom5t aft] ! o!r dog came up hot 9 ! *ase1 & ) _! noses to ! gr\nd4 ,i call$ to !m1 b !y did n look up1 b came yell+ on4 ,i 0 j ab\t to spr+ into ! tree to avoid !m :5 ,v5us ! old h\nd met !m1 & /opp$ !m4 ,!y !n all came fawn+ & play+ & jump+ ab\t me4 ,! v creatures :om a mom5t be=e ,i _h fe>$ w\ld te> me limb f limb1 7 n[ leap+ & lick+ my h&s1 & roll+ on ! leaves ar\nd me4 ,i li/5$ a:ile 9 ! fe> ( he>+ ! voices ( m5 foll[+ ! dogs1 b !re 0 no s\nd 9 ! =e/ save ! gurgl+ ( ! sluggi% wat]s ( ! creek1 & ! *irp ( black squirrels 9 ! trees4 ,i took c\rage & />t$ onw>d once m1 tak+ ! dogs ) me4 ,! bell on ! neck ( ! old dog1 ,i fe>$ might betray me1 &1 unable to get x (f h] neck1 ,i twi/$ "s ( ! long moss ( ! trees ar\nd x1 s z to prev5t its r++4 ,at night ,i halt$ once m ) ! dogs by my side4 ,h>ass$ ) fe>1 & torm5t$ ) hung]1 ,i laid d[n & tri$ to sleep4 ,b ! dogs 7 uneasy1 & w\ld />t up & b>k at ! cries or ! foot/eps ( wild animals1 & ,i 0 oblig$1 to use my utmo/ ex]tions to keep !m quiet1 fe>+ t _! b>k+ w\ld draw my pursu]s ^u me4 ,i slept b little2 & z soon z daylight1 />t$ =w>d aga94 ,! next day t[>ds ev5+1 ,i rea*$ a great road :i*1 ,i rejoic$ to f9d1 0 ! same :i* my ma/] & myself _h travell$ on our way to ,gre5e c\nty4 ,i n[ ?\ght x be/ to get rid ( ! dogs1 & accord+ly />t$ !m 9 pursuit ( a de]4 ,!y w5t (f1 yell+ on ! track1 & ,i nev] saw !m aga94 ,i rememb]$ t my ma/] told me1 ne> ?is place1 t we 7 9 ! ,creek c\ntry1 & t !re 7 "s ,indian settlem5ts n f> di/ant4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ev5+ ,i cross$ ! road1 & /rik+ into a pa? ?r\gh ! woods1 soon came to a numb] ( ,indian cab9s4 ,i w5t into "o ( !m & begg$ = "s food4 ,! ,indian wom5 receiv$ me ) a great deal ( k9dness1 & gave me a good supp] ( v5ison1 corn bread1 & /ew$ pumpk94 ,i rema9$ ) !m till ! ev5+ ( ! next day1 :5 ,i />t$ afre% on my j\rney4 ,i kept on ! road lead+ to ,georgia4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ! night ,i ent]$ into a long l[ bottom1 heavily timb]$--sometimes call$ ,wolf ,valley4 ,x 0 a dre>y & frightful place4 ,z ,i walk$ on1 ,i he>d on all sides ! h[l+ ( ! wolves1 & ! quick patt] ( _! feet on ! leaves & /icks1 z !y ran ?r\gh ! woods4 ,at daylight ,i laid d[n1 b _h sc>cely clos$ my eyes :5 ,i 0 r\s$ up by ! wolves sn>l+ & h[l+ ar\nd me4 ,i />t$ on my feet1 & saw sev]al ( !m runn+ by me4 ,i did n aga9 close my eyes dur+ ! :ole day4 ,9 ! aft]noon1 a be> ) h] two cubs came to a l>ge *e/nut tree ne> :]e ,i lay4 ,%e crept up ! tree1 w5t out on "o ( ! limbs1 & broke (f sev]al twigs 9 try+ to %ake d[n ! nuts4 ,!y 7 n ripe en\gh to fall1 &1 aft] sev]al va9 attempts to procure "s ( !m1 %e crawl$ d[n ! tree aga9 & w5t (f ) h] "y4 ,! day 0 long & t$i\s4 ,z soon z x 0 d>k1 ,i once m resum$ my j\rney4 ,b fatigue & ! want ( food & sleep r5d]$ me almo/ incapable ( fur!r ef=t4 ,x 0 n long be=e ,i fell asleep1 :ile walk+1 & w&]$ out ( ! road4 ,i 0 awak5$ by a bun* ( moss :i* hung d[n f ! limb ( a tree & met my face4 ,i look$ up & saw1 z ,i ?\ght1 a l>ge man /&+ j be=e me4 ,my fir/ idea 0 t "s "o _h /ruck me ov] ! face1 & t ,i _h be5 at la/ ov]tak5 by ,huck/ep4 ,rubb+ my eyes once m1 ,i saw ! figure be=e me s9k d[n ^u its h&s & knees4 ,ano!r glance assur$ me t x 0 a be> & n a man4 ,he pass$ across ! road & disappe>$4 ,?is adv5ture kept me awake = ! rema9d] ( ! night4 ,t[>ds morn+ ,i pass$ by a plantation1 on :i* 0 a f9e gr[? ( pea* trees1 full ( ripe fruit4 ,i took z _m ( !m z ,i c\ld conv5i5tly c>ry 9 my h&s & pockets1 & retir+ a little di/ance into ! woods1 laid d[n & slept till ev5+1 :5 ,i aga9 w5t =w>d4 ,sleep+ ?us by day & travell+ by night1 9 a direction t[>ds ! ,nor? ,/>1 ,i ent]$ ,georgia4 ,z ,i only travell$ 9 ! night "t1 ,i 0 unable to recognize riv]s & places :i* ,i _h se5 be=e until ,i rea*$ ,columbus1 :]e ,i recollect$ ,i _h be5 ) my ma/]4 ,f ?is place ,i took ! road lead+ to ,wa%+ton1 & pass$ directly ?r\gh t village4 ,on leav+ ! village1 ,i f\nd myself contr>y to my expectation1 9 an op5 c\ntry ) no woods 9 view4 ,i walk$ on until day broke 9 ! ea/4 ,at a consid]able di/ance ahead1 ,i saw a gr\p ( trees1 & hurri$ on t[>ds x4 ,l>ge & beautiful plantations 7 on ea* side ( me1 f :i* ,i c\ld he> dogs b>k1 & ! driv]'s horn s\nd+4 ,on rea*+ ! trees1 ,i f\nd t !y af=d$ b a poor place ( concealm5t4 ,on ei!r h&1 ?r\gh its op5+s1 ,i c\ld see ! m5 turn+ out to ! cotton fields4 ,i f\nd a place to lie d[n betwe5 two oak /umps1 ar\nd :i* ! new %oots _h sprung up ?ickly1 =m+ a comp>atively close %elt]4 ,aft] eat+ "s pea*es1 :i* s9ce leav+ ! ,indian settlem5t _h con/itut$ my sole food1 ,i fell asleep4 ,i 0 wak$ by ! b>k+ ( a dog4 ,rais+ my head & look+ ?r\gh ! bu%es1 ,i f\nd t ! dog 0 b>k+ at a black squirrel :o 0 *att]+ on a limb almo/ directly above me4 ,a mom5t aft]1 ,i he>d a voice speak+ to ! dog1 & soon saw a man ) a gun 9 8 h&1 /eal+ ?r\gh ! wood4 ,he pass$ close to ! /umps1 :]e ,i lay trembl+ ) t]ror le/ he %\ld discov] me4 ,he kept 8 eye h[ev] ^u ! tree1 & rais+ 8 gun1 fir$4 ,! squirrel dropp$ dead close by my side4 ,i saw t any fur!r attempt at concealm5t w\ld be 9 va91 & sprang ^u my feet4 ,! man />t$ =w>d on see+ me1 /ruck at me ) 8 gun & beat my hat (f4 ,i leap$ into ! road2 & he foll[$ aft]1 swe>+ he w\ld %oot me if ,i didn't /op4 ,kn[+ t 8 gun 0 n load$1 ,i paid no att5tion to him1 b ran across ! road into a cotton field :]e !re 0 a great gang ( slaves work+4 ,! man ) ! gun foll[$1 & call$ to ! two color$ driv]s :o 7 on horseback1 to ride aft] me & /op me4 ,i saw a l>ge piece ( woodl& at "s di/ance ahead1 & direct$ my c\rse t[>ds x4 ,j z ,i rea*$ x1 ,i look$ back1 & saw my pursu] f> beh9d me2 & f\nd1 to my great joy1 t ! two driv]s _h n foll[$ me4 ,i got beh9d a tree1 & soon he>d ! man ent] ! woods & pass me4 ,aft] all _h be5 /ill = m ?an an h\r1 ,i crept into a l[ place 9 ! dep? ( ! woods & laid d[n amid/ a b$ ( re$s1 :]e ,i aga9 fell asleep4 ,t[>ds ev5+1 on awak+1 ,i f\nd ! sky beg9n+ to be cl\dy1 & be=e night set 9 x 0 completely ov]ca/4 ,hav+ lo/ my hat1 ,i ti$ an old h&k]*ief ov] my head1 & prep>$ to resume my j\rney4 ,x 0 foggy & v d>k1 & involv$ z ,i 0 9 ! mazes ( ! =e/1 ,i did n "k 9 :at direction ,i 0 go+4 ,i w&]$ on until ,i rea*$ a road1 :i* ,i suppos$ to be ! same "o :i* ,i _h left4 ,! next day ! wea!r 0 /ill d>k & ra9y1 & cont9u$ s = sev]al days4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,i slept only by lean+ aga9/ ! body ( a tree1 z ! gr\nd 0 soak$ ) ra94 ,on ! fif? night aft] my adv5ture ne> ,wa%+ton1 ! cl\ds broke away1 & ! cle> moonlight & ! />s %one d[n ^u me4 ,i look$ up to see ! ,nor? ,/>1 :i* ,i suppos$ /ill be=e me4 ,b ,i s\ght x 9 va9 9 all t qu>t] ( ! heav5s4 ,a dreadful ?\ght came ov] me t ,i _h be5 travell+ out ( my way4 ,i turn$ r\nd & saw ! ,nor? ,/>1 :i* _h be5 %9+ directly ^u my back4 ,i !n knew t ,i _h be5 travell+ away f fre$om1 & t[>ds ! place ( my captivity ev] s9ce ,i left ! woods into :i* ,i _h be5 pursu$ on ! #ba/1 five days be=e4 ,oh1 ! ke5 & bitt] agony ( t mom5t6 ,i sat d[n on ! decay+ trunk ( a fall5 tree1 & wept l a *ild4 ,exhau/$ 9 m9d & body1 nature came at la/ to my relief1 & ,i fell asleep ^u ! log4 ,:5 ,i awoke x 0 /ill d>k4 ,i rose & n]v$ myself = ano!r ef=t = fre$om4 ,tak+ ! ,nor? ,/> = my guide1 ,i turn$ ^u my track1 & left once m ! dread$ fronti]s ( ,alabama beh9d me4 ,! next night1 aft] cross+ ! "o on :i* ,i travell$1 & :i* seem$ to lead m directly t[>ds ! ,nor?4 ,i took ?is road1 & ! next night aft]1 ,i came to a l>ge village4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! ma9 /reet1 ,i saw a l>ge hotel :i* ,i at once recollect$4 ,i 0 9 ,augu/a1 & ?is 0 ! hotel at :i* my ma/] _h sp5t sev]al days :5 ,i 0 ) him1 on "o ( 8 s\!rn visits4 ,i he>d ! gu>ds patroll+ ! t[n cry ! h\r ( twelve2 & fe>ful ( be+ tak5 up1 ,i turn$ out ( ! ma9 /reet1 & got ^u ! road lead+ to ,pet]sburg4 ,on rea*+ ! latt] place1 ,i swam ov] ! ,savannah riv] into ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & f !nce pass$ into ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,hi!rto ,i _h liv$ ma9ly ^u pea*es1 :i* 7 pl5ty on almo/ all ! plantations 9 ,alabama & ,georgia2 b ! season 0 n[ too f> advanc$ = !m1 & ,i 0 oblig$ to resort to apples4 ,^! ,i obta9$ )\t mu* difficulty until )9 two or ?ree days j\rney ( ! ,virg9ia l9e4 ,at ?is "t ,i _h _h no?+ to eat b two or ?ree small & s\r apples = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & ,i wait$ impati5tly = night1 9 ! hope ( obta9+ fruit f ! or*>ds along ! road4 ,i pass$ by sev]al plantations1 b f\nd no apples4 ,aft] midnight1 ,i pass$ ne> a l>ge h\se1 ) fruit trees ar\nd x4 ,i se>*$ "u1 & climb$ up & %ook sev]al ( !m to no purpose4 ,at la/ ,i f\nd a tree on :i* !re 7 a few apples4 ,on %ak+ x1 half a doz5 fell4 ,i got d[n1 & w5t grop+ & feel+ ab\t = !m 9 ! grass1 b c\ld f9d only two1 ! re/ 7 dev\r$ by sev]al hogs :o 7 !re on ! same err& ) myself4 ,i pursu$ my way until day 0 ab\t break+1 :5 ,i pass$ ano!r h\se4 ,! feel+ ( extreme hung] 0 "h s int5se1 t x requir$ all ! resolution ,i 0 ma/] ( to keep myself f go+1 up to ! h\se & break+ into x 9 se>* ( food4 ,b ! ?\ght ( be+ aga9 made a slave1 & ( suff]+ ! horrible puni%m5t ( a runaway re/ra9$ me4 ,i lay 9 ! worlds all t day )\t food4 ,! next ev5+1 ,i soon f\nd a l>ge pile ( excell5t apples1 f :i* ,i suppli$ myself4 ,! next ev5+ ,i rea*$ ,halifax ,c\rt ,h\se1 & ,i !n knew t ,i 0 ne> ,virg9ia4 ,on ! #g? ( ,octob]1 ,i came to ! ,roanoke1 & cross$ x 9 ! mid/ ( a viol5t /orm ( ra9 & ?und]4 ,! curr5t ran s furi\sly t ,i 0 c>ri$ d[n ) x1 & ) great difficulty1 & 9 a /ate ( complete exhau/ion1 rea*$ ! opposite %ore4 ,at ab\t #b o'clock1 on ! night ( ! #ae?1 ,i approa*$ ,ri*mond1 b n d>+ to g into ! city at t h\r1 on acc\nt ( ! patrols1 ,i lay 9 ! woods ne> ,man*e/]1 until ! next ev5+1 :5 ,i />t$ 9 ! twilight1 9 ord] to ent] be=e ! sett+ ( ! wat*4 ,i pass$ ov] ! bridge unmole/$1 al?\gh 9 great fe>1 z my tatt]$ clo!s & nak$ head 7 well calculat$ to excite suspicion2 & be+ well acqua9t$ ) ! localities ( ! city1 made my way to ! h\se ( a fri5d4 ,i 0 receiv$ ) ! utmo/ k9dness1 & welcom$ z "o ris5 f ! dead4 ,oh1 h[ inexpressibly sweet 7 ! tones ( human sympa?y1 aft] ! dreadful trials to :i* ,i _h be5 subject$--! wrongs & outrages :i* ,i witness$ & suff]$6 ,= betwe5 two & ?ree mon?s ,i _h n spok5 ) a human be+1 & ! s\nd ev5 ( my own voice n[ seem$ /range to my e>s4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 save 9 two or ?ree in/ances ,i _h ta/$ ( no food except pea*es & apples4 ,i 0 suppli$ ) "s dri$ meat & c(fee1 b ! fir/ m\?ful occasion$ nausea & fa9tness4 ,i 0 compell$ to take my b$1 & lay sick = sev]al days4 ,by ! assidu\s att5tion & k9dness ( my fri5ds1 ,i 0 suppli$ ) e ?+ :i* 0 necess>y dur+ my sickness4 ,i 0 deta9$ 9 ,ri*mond ne>ly a mon?4 ,z soon z ,i _h suffici5tly recov]$ to be able to proce$ on my j\rney1 ,i bade my k9d ho/ & 8 wife an affectionate f>ewell1 & set =w>d once m t[>ds a l& ( fre$om4 ,i long$ to visit my wife & *ildr5 9 ,p[hatan c\nty1 b ! dread ( be+ discov]$ prev5t$ me f attempt+ x4 ,i _h le>n$ f my fri5ds 9 ,ri*mond t !y 7 liv+ & 9 good heal?1 b greatly di/ress$ on my acc\nt4 ,my fri5ds _h provid$ me ) a fur cap1 & ) z mu* lean ham1 cake & biscuit1 z ,i c\ld conv5i5tly c>ry4 ,i proce$$ 9 ! same way z be=e1 travell+ by night & ly+ close & sleep+ by day4 ,ab\t ! la/ ( ,novemb] ,i rea*$ ! ,%5&oah riv]4 ,x 0 v cold2 ice _h already =m$ along ! m>g91 & 9 swimm+ ! riv] ,i 0 *ill$ ?r\gh2 & my clo!s froze ab\t me soon aft] ,i _h rea*$ ! opposite side4 ,i pass$ into ,m>yl&1 & on ! #e? ( ,decemb]1 /epp$ across ! l9e :i* divid$ ! free /ate ( ,p5nsylvania f ! l& ( slav]y4 ,i _h a few %ill+s 9 money :i* 7 giv5 me at ,ri*mond1 & aft] travell+ ne>ly tw5ty-f\r h\rs f ! "t ,i cross$ ! l9e1 ,i v5tur$ to call at a tav]n1 & buy a d9n]4 ,on rea*+ ,c>lisle1 ,i enquir$ ( ! o/l] 9 a /able if he knew ( any "o :o wi%$ to hire a h\se s]vant or coa*man4 ,he said he did n4 ,"s m color$ p came 91 & tak+ me aside told me t !y knew t ,i 0 f ,virg9ia1 by my pronunciation ( c]ta9 words--t ,i 0 probably a runaway slave--b t ,i ne$ n be al>m$1 z !y 7 fri5ds1 & w\ld d all 9 _! p[] to protect me4 ,i 0 tak5 home by "o ( !m1 & treat$ ) ! utmo/ k9dness2 & at night he took me 9 a wagon1 & c>ri$ me "s di/ance on my way to ,h>risburg1 :]e he said ,i %\ld meet ) fri5ds4 ,he told me t ,i _h bett] g directly to ,philadelphia1 z !re w\ld be less dang] ( my be+ discov]$ & retak5 !re ?an 9 ! c\ntry1 & !re 7 a great _m p]sons !re :o w\ld ex]t !mselves to secure me f ! slavehold]s4 ,9 p>t+ he caution$ me aga9/ conv]s+ or /opp+ ) any man on ! road1 unless he wore a pla91 /raight coll> on a r\nd coat1 & said1 !e1 & ?\4 ,by foll[+ 8 directions ,i arriv$ safely 9 ,philadelphia1 hav+ be5 k9dly ent]ta9$ & assi/$ on my j\rney1 by sev]al b5evol5t g5tlem5 & ladies1 ^: compassion = ! wayworn & hunt$ /rang] ,i %all nev] =get1 & ^: names w always be de> to me4 ,on rea*+ ,philadelphia1 ,i 0 visit$ by a l>ge numb] ( ! ,abolitioni/s1 & fri5ds ( ! color$ p1 :o1 aft] he>+ my /ory1 ?\ght x w\ld n be safe = me to rema9 9 any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i rema9$ 9 ,philadelphia a few days2 & !n a g5tleman came on to ,new-,york ) me1 ,i be+ consid]$ on bo>d ! /eam-boat1 & 9 ! c>s1 z 8 s]vant4 ,i arriv$ at ,new-,york1 on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y4 ,! sympa?y & k9dness :i* ,i h e :]e met ) s9ce leav+ ! slave /ates1 has be5 ! m grateful to me because x 0 9 a great measure unexpect$4 ,! slaves are always told t if !y escape into a free /ate1 !y w be seiz$ & put 9 prison1 until _! ma/]s s5d = !m4 ,i _h he>d ,huck/ep & ! o!r ov]se]s occasionally speak ( ! ,abolitioni/s1 b ,i did n "k or dream t !y 7 ! fri5ds ( ! slave4 ,oh1 if ! mis]able m5 & wom51 n[ toil+ on ! plantations ( ,alabama1 c\ld "k t ?\s&s 9 ! free /ates are pray+ & /riv+ = _! deliv]ance1 h[ w\ld ! glad tid+s be :isp]$ f cab9 to cab91 & h[ w\ld ! slave-"m z %e wat*es ov] h] infant1 bless ,god1 on h] knees1 = ! hope t ?is *ild ( h] day ( sorr[1 might nev] realize 9 /ripes1 & toil1 & grief unspeakable1 :at x is to be a slave8 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is ,n>rative c he _h at ! ,depository ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ,no #adc ,nassau ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 9 a neat volume1 #ajh pp4 #abmo41 embelli%$ ) an elegant & accurate /eel engrav$ lik5ess ( ,james ,williams1 price #be cts4 s+le copy1 #ag p] hundr$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,no4 #g ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 ,,emancipation ,,9 ,,! ,,we/ ,,indies4 ,a ,,six ,,mon?s' ,,t\r ,,9 ,,antigua1 ,,b>badoes1 ,,& ,,jamaica ,,9 ,,! ,,ye> #ahcg4 ,,by ,,jas4 ,a4 ,,?ome1 ,,& ,j4 ,,horace ,,kimball4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,no4 #adc ,,nassau-,,/reet4 #ahch4 ,?is p]iodical conta9s #d %eets4--,po/age "u #ajj miles1 #f c5ts2 ov] #ajj miles1 #aj c5ts4 ,,ent]$1 accord+ to ! act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahch1 by ,,john ,,rank91 ,treasur]1 ( ! ,am]ican1 ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = ! ,s\!rn ,di/rict ( ,new ,york4 ,price #ab #ej p] hundr$ copies1 #ah-c_/d c5ts s+le copy1 9 %eets3 #ac #be p] hundr$1 & #bj c5ts s+le1 if /it*$4 ,,note4--,?is "w is publi%$ 9 ?is *eap =m1 to give x a wide circulation4 ,please1 aft] p]usal1 to s5d x to "s fri5d4 ,?is "w1 z orig9ally publi%$1 c be _h at ! ,depository ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ,no4 #adc1 ,nassau ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 on f9e pap]1 h&somely b\nd1 9 a volume ( #dhi pages1 price "o doll> p] copy1 #ge p] hundr$4 ,,cont5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,antigua4--,,*apt] ,i4 ,geography & ,/ati/ics ( ! ,isl&1--,reflections on arrival1--,int]view ) ,cl]gym51--) ! ,gov]nor1--) a memb] ( ,assembly1--,sabba?1--,s]vice at ! ,moravian ,*apel1--,sabba? ,s*ool1--,s]vice at ! ,episcopal ,*ur*1--,s]vice at ! ,wesleyan ,*apel1--,mill>'s ,e/ate1--,cane-hol+1--,color$ plant]1--,fit*'s ,creek ,e/ate1--,free ,villages1--,d9n] at ! ,gov]nor's1--,donovan's ,e/ate1--,breakfa/ at ,mr4 ,watk9s1--,dr4 ,f]guson1--,m>ket1--,lockup h\se1--,*ri/mas ,holidays1--,color$ ,population1--,?ib\ ,j>vis's ,e/ate1--,te/imony ( ! ,manag]1--,anniv]s>y ( ! ,fri5dly ,society1--,a negro patri>*1--,gre5 ,ca/le ,e/ate1--,te/imony ( ! ,manag]1--,anniv]s>y ( ! ,juv5ile ,association1--,we!rill ,e/ate1--,te/imony ( ! ,manag]1--,conv]sation ) a boatman1--,moravian /ation at ,newfield1--,te/imony ( ! ,mission>ies1--,s*ool = ,adults1--,int]view ) ! ,speak] ( ! ,assembly1--,moravian ,speak+1--,conv]sation ) ,emancipat$ ,slaves1--,! ,rector ( ,/4 ,philip's1--,frey's ,e/ate1--,int]view ) ! ,am]ican ,consul1--,sabba? at ,mill>'s1--,breakfa/ at ! ,villa ,e/ate1--,a ,fair1--,breakfa/ at ,mr4 ,cran/\n's1--,8 ,te/imony1--,moravian ,/ation at ,c$> ,hall1--,conv]sation ) ,emancipat$ ,slaves1--,moravian ,/ation at ,grace ,bay1--,te/imony ( ! ,mission>ies1--,gr&fa!r ,jacob1--,mr4 ,scotl&'s ,e/ate4--,a day at ,fit*'s ,creek1--,views ( ! ,manag]1--,a call f ! ,ar*deacon1--f ,rev4 ,edw>d ,fras]1--,wesleyan ,di/rict ,meet+1--,social int]views ) ! ,mission>ies1--,_! ,views & ,te/imony1--,religi\s ,anniv]s>ies1--,temp]ance ,society1--,bible ,society1--,wesleyan ,mission>y ,society4--,resolution ( ! ,meet+1--,lay+ ! ,corn] ,/one ( a ,wesleyan ,*apel1--,resolutions ( ! ,mission>ies4 ,,antigua4--,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,g5]al ,,results4 ,religion1--,/ati/ics ( ,d5om9ations1--,morality1--,rev]5ce = ! ,"l's ,day1--,m>riage1--,conjugal fai?fulness1--,concub9age decreas+1--,temp]ance1--,pr(ane ,language r>e1--,/ati/ics ( ! ,bible ,society1--,mission>y ,associations1--,temp]ance ,societies1--,fri5dly ,societies1--,daily ,meal ,society1--,di/ress$ ,females' ,fri5d ,society1--,education1--,annual ,exam9ation ( ! ,p>o*ial ,s*ool1--,infant ,s*ools 9 ! ,c\ntry1--,exam9ation at ,p>ham1--at ,will\ghby ,bay1--,mr4 ,?waite's ,replies to ,qu]ies on ,education1--,great ,ignorance be=e ,emancipation1--,aptness ( ! ,negroes to le>n1--,civil & ,political ,condition ( ! ,emancipat$4 ,,antigua4--,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,facts ,,& ,,te/imony4 ,,imm$iate ,,abolition--an imm5se *ange to ! condition ( ! ,slave1--,adopt$ f ,political & ,pecuni>y ,consid]ations1--,w5t into op]ation peaceably1--gave additional security to ,p]sons & ,prop]ty1--,is reg>d$ by all z a great bless+ to ! ,isl&1--,free1 *eap] ?an ,slave labor1--,m "w done1 & bett] done1 s9ce ,emancipation1--,freem5 m easily manag$ ?an ,slaves1--,! ,emancipat$ m ,tru/wor?y ?an :5 ,slaves1--,!y appreciate & rev]5ce ,law1--,!y /ay at home & m9d _! own bus9ess1--,are less insol5t ?an :5 ,slaves1--,gratitude a /rong trait ( _! "*1--,emancipation has elevat$ !m1--,x has rais$ ! price ( ,real ,e/ate1 giv5 new life to ,trade1 & to all k9ds ( bus9ess1--,wr\ght a total *ange 9 ! views ( ! ,plant]s1--,weak5$ ,prejudice aga9/ ,color1--,! ,discussions prec$+ ,emancipation re/ra9$ ,ma/]s f ,cruelties1--,conclud+ ,rem>ks4 ,,b>badoes4 ,passage to ,b>badoes1--,bridget[n1--,visit to ! ,gov]nor1--,to ! ,ar*deacon1--,le>'s ,e/ate1--,te/imony ( ! ,manag]1--,d9n] ,p>ty at ,le>'s1--,ride to ,scotl&1--,! ,r$ ,%anks1--,sabba? at ,le>'s2 ,religi\s ,s]vice1--,t\r to ! ,w9dw>d1--,breakfa/ ,p>ty at ! ,colliton ,e/ate1--,te/imony to ! ,work+ ( ! ,appr5tice%ip1--,! ,work+ ( x 9 ,dem]>a1--,! ,codr+ton ,e/ate1--,codr+ton ,college1--,! ,horse1--,an ,e/ate on ,fire1--,! ,ridge ,e/ate2 ,d9n] ) a ,company ( ,plant]s1--,a ,day at ,colonel ,a%by's2 8 ,te/imony to ! ,work+ ( ! ,appr5tice%ip1--,int]views ) ,plant]s2 _! ,te/imony1--,! ,belle ,e/ate1--,edgecombe ,e/ate2 ,colonel ,b>r[1--,horton ,e/ate1--,drax ,hall ,e/ate1--,d9n] ,p>ty at ! ,gov]nor's1--,te/imony conc]n+ ! ,appr5tice%ip1--,m>ket ,p1--,int]view ) ,special ,ju/ice ,hamilton2 8 ,te/imony1--,/ation ,h\se1 ,di/rict ,a2 ,trials ( ,appr5tices be=e ,special ,magi/rate ,col?ur/1--,te/imony ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,rural ,police1--,communication f ,special ,ju/ice ,col?ur/1--,communication f ,special ,ju/ice ,hamilton1--,te/imony ( ,cl]gym5 & ,mission>ies1--,curate ( ,/4 ,paul's1--,a ,,free ,*ur*1--,a ,sabba? ,s*ool ,annual ,exam9ation1--,int]view ) ,episcopal ,cl]gym52 _! ,te/imony1--,visit to ,s*ools1--,int]view ) ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,wesleyan ,mission1--,p]secution ( ! ,me?odi/s by ,slavehold]s1--,! ,moravian ,mission1--,color$ ,population1--,d9n] ,p>ty at ,mr4 ,h>ris's1--,te/imony conc]n+ ! objects ( our ,mission1--,a ,new ,engl&]1--,hi/ory ( an ,emancipat$ ,slave1--,breakfa/ ,p>ty at ,mr4 ,?orne's1--,facts & ,te/imony conc]n+ ,slav]y & ! ,appr5tice%ip1--,hi/ory ( an ,emancipat$ ,slave1--,breakfa/ ,p>ty at ,mr4 ,prescod's1--,"* & ,hi/ory ( ! late ,editor ( ! ,new ,times1--,breakfa/ ,p>ty at ,mr4 ,b\rne's1--,prejudice1--,hi/ory & ,"* ( an ,emancipat$ ,slave1--,prejudice1 v9cible1--,concub9age1--,b>badoes z x 02 ,reign ( ,t]ror2--,te/imony2 ,cruelties1--,insurrection ( #ahaf1--,lic5ti\sness1--,prejudice--,ind ol5ce & ,ineffici5cy ( ! ,:ites1--,ho/ility to ,emancipation1--,b>badoes z x is1--,! ,appr5tice%ip ,sy/em2 ,provisions respect+ ! ,special ,magi/rates1--,provisions respect+ ! ,ma/]1--,provisions respect+ ! ,appr5tice1--,! ,design ( ! ,appr5tice%ip1--,practical ,op]ation ( ! ,appr5tice%ip1--,sympa?y ( ! ,special ,magi/rates ) ! ,ma/]s1--,appr5tice%ip1 modifi$ ,slav]y1--,vexati\s to ! ,ma/]1--,no ,prep>ation = ,fre$om1--,begets ho/ility betwe5 ,ma/] & ,appr5tice1--,has illu/rat$ ! ,=be>ance ( ! ,negroes1--,its t5d5cy to exasp]ate !m1--,te/imony to ! ,work+ ( ! ,appr5tice%ip 9 ! ,w9dw>d ,isl&s g5]ally4 ,,jamaica4 ,sket* ( its ,sc5]y1--,int]view ) ! ,attorney ,g5]al1--,! ,solicitor ,g5]al2 8 ,te/imony1--,! ,am]ican ,consul2 8 ,te/imony1--,! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,wesleyan ,missions1--,! ,bapti/ ,mission>ies2 ,sabba?2 ,s]vice 9 a ,bapti/ ,*apel1--,moravians2 ,episcopalians2 ,scot* ,presbyt]ians1--,s*ools 9 ,k+/on1--,communication f ! ,tea*] ( ! ,wolm] ,free ,s*ool2 ,education2 ,/ati/ics1--,! ,union ,s*ool1--,prejudice ,v9cible1--,disabilities & ,p]secutions ( ,color$ ,p1--,edw>d ,jordan1 ,esq41--,color$ ,memb]s ( ,assembly1--,ri*>d ,hill1 ,esq41--,color$ ,artisans & ,m]*ants 9 ,k+/on1--,police ,c\rt ( ,k+/on1--,am]ican ,prejudice 9 ! limbos1--,amalgamation6--,/4 ,&rew's ,h\se ( ,correction2 ,tread-mill1--,t\r ?r\gh ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1--,morant ,bay2 ,local ,magi/rate2 8 la*rymal =ebod+s1--,proprietor ( ,gre5 ,wall ,e/ate2 8 ,te/imony1--,te/imony ( a ,wesleyan ,mission>y1--,belvid]e ,e/ate2 ,te/imony ( ! ,manag]1--,*apel built by ,appr5tices1--,h\se ( ,correction1--,*a9-,gang1--,a call f ,special ,ju/ice ,ba9es2 8 ,te/imony1--,ba?1--,special ,ju/ice's ,(fice2 8 ,te/imony1--,al>m+ ,rebellion1--,te/imony ( a ,wesleyan ,mission>y1--,pr9cipal ( ! ,mico ,*>ity ,s*ool2 8 ,te/imony1--,noble in/ance ( ,filial ,affection 9 a ,negro ,girl1--,planta9 ,g>d5 ,riv] ,valley2 ,alex&] ,b>clay1 ,esq41--,gold5 ,grove ,e/ate2 ,te/imony ( ! ,manag]1--,! ,cu/os ( ! ,p>i%2 8 ,te/imony1--,amity ,hall ,e/ate2 ,te/imony ( ! ,manag]1--,"l ,belmore's ,prophecy1--,man*ioneal2 ,special ,magi/rate ,*amb]la92 8 ,te/imony1--8 ,weekly ,c\rt1--,pro slav]y gna%+s1--,visit ) ! ,special ,magi/rate to ! ,williamsfield ,e/ate2 ,te/imony ( ! ,manag]1--,oppression ( ,book-keep]s1--,sabba?2 ,s]vice at a ,bapti/ ,*apel1--,int]view ) ,appr5tices2 _! ,te/imony1--,t\r ?r\gh ,/4 ,&rew's & ,port ,royal1--,visit to ,e/ates 9 company ) ,special ,ju/ice ,b\rne1--,:ite ,emigrants to ,jamaica1--,dubl9 ,ca/le ,e/ate2 ,special ,ju/ice ,c\rt1--,a ,despot 9 convulsions2 arbitr>y p[] dies h>d1--,enc\nt] ) ,mules 9 a m\nta9 pass1--,silv] ,hill ,e/ate2 cases tri$2 ,appraisem5t ( an ,appr5tice1--,pet]'s ,rock ,e/ate1--,hall's ,prospect ,e/ate1--,female ,travel+ ,m]*ant1--,negro ,provision ,gr\nds1--,appr5tices eag] to "w = ,money1--,jury ( ,inque/1--,"* ( ,ov]se]s1--,conv]sation ) ,special ,ju/ice ,hamilton1--,) a ,proprietor ( ,e/ates & ,local ,magi/rate2 ,te/imony1--,spani%t[n1--,ri*>d ,hill1 ,esq41 ,secret>y ( ! ,special ,magi/racy1--,te/imony ( ,"l ,sligo conc]n+ him1--,"l ,sligo's ,adm9i/ration2 its indep5d5ce & imp>tiality1--,/atem5ts ( ,mr4 ,hill1--,/atem5ts ( ,special ,ju/ice ,ramsey1--,special ,ju/ice's ,c\rt1--,bapti/ ,mission>y at ,spani%t[n2 8 ,te/imony1--,actual ,work+ ( ! ,appr5tice%ip2 no ,insurrection2 no fe> ( x2 no ,increase ( ,crime2 ,negroes improv+2 ,m>riage increas$2 ,sabba? bett] kept2 ,religi\s ,wor%ip bett] att5d$2 ,law obey$1--,appr5tice%ip vexati\s to bo? p>ties1--,atrocities p]petrat$ by ,ma/]s & ,magi/rates1--,causes ( ! ill-work+ ( ! ,appr5tice%ip--,provisions ( ! ,emancipation ,act defeat$ by ,plant]s & ,magi/rates1--,! pres5t ,gov]nor a favorite ) ! ,plant]s1--,special ,ju/ice ,palm] susp5d$ by him1--,p]secution ( ,special ,ju/ice ,b\rne1--,"* ( ! ,special ,magi/rates1--,(ficial ,cruelty2 ,correspond5ce betwe5 a ,mission>y & ,special ,magi/rate1--,sir ,lionel ,smi?'s ,message to ! ,h\se ( ,assembly1--,causes ( ! ,dim9i%$ ,crops s9ce ,emancipation1--,anticipat$ ,consequ5ces ( full ,emancipation 9 #ahdj1--;,exam9ation ( ! gr\nds ( su* anticipations1--,views ( ,mission>ies & ,color$ ,p1 ,magi/rates & ,plant]s2--,conclud+ ,rem>ks4 ,,app5dix4 ,(ficial ,communication f ,special ,ju/ice ,lyon1--,communication f ! ,solicitor ,g5]al ( ,jamaica1--,communication f ,special ,ju/ice ,col?ur/1--,(ficial ,returns ( ! ,imports & ,exports ( ,b>badoes1--,valuations ( ,appr5tices 9 ,jamaica1--,tabul> ,view ( ! ,crops 9 ,jamaica = fifty-?ree ye>s prec$+ #ahcf2 ,comm5ts ( ! ,jamaica ,wat*man on ! =ego+ ,table1--,comm5ts ( ! ,spani%t[n ,telegraph1--,br\gham's ,spee* 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,,introduction4 ,x is h>dly possible t ! success ( ,briti% ,we/ ,india ,emancipation %\ld be m conclusively prov$1 ?an x has be5 by ! abs5ce among u ( ! exultation :i* await$ its failure4 ,s _m ?\s&s ( ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 )\t c\nt+ slavehold]s1 w\ld n h suff]$ _! prophesy+s to be falsifi$1 if !y c\ld h f\nd :]e( to manufacture fulfilm5t4 ,b x is rem>kable t1 ev5 s9ce ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 ! evils ( ,we/ ,india emancipation on ! lips ( ! advocates ( slav]y1 or1 z ! mo/ ( !m nicely pref] to be t]m$1 ! oppon5ts ( abolition1 h rema9$ 9 ! future t5se4 ,! bad reports ( ! newspap]s1 spiritless z !y h be5 comp>$ ) ! pr$ictions1 h be5 traceable1 on ! slighte/ inspection1 n to emancipation1 b to ! illegal cont9uance ( slav]y1 "u ! cov] ( its legal sub/itute4 ,n ! slighte/ ref]5ce to ! ra% act1 :]eby ! ?irty ?\s& slaves ( ,antigua 7 imm$iately turn$ loose1 n[ m+les ) ! croak+ :i* /rives to def5d our republican slav]y aga9/ argum5t & common s5se4 ,! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 deem$ x important t ! sil5ce :i* ! pro-slav]y press ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has seem$ s desir\s to ma9ta9 9 reg>d to :at is /rangely en\gh t]m$ ! great exp]im5t ( fre$om1 %\ld be ?or\ghly brok5 up by a publication ( facts & te/imony collect$ on ! spot4 ,to ?is end1 ,,rev4 ,,james ,a4 ,,?ome1 & ,,joseph ,h4 ,,kimball1 ,,esq41 7 deput$ to ! ,we/ ,indies to make ! prop] inve/igations4 ,( _! qualifications = ! task1 ! subsequ5t pages w furni% ! be/ evid5ce3 x is prop]1 h[ev]1 to rem>k1 t ,mr4 ,?ome is ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) our own sy/em ( slav]y1 be+ a native & /ill a resid5t ( ,k5tucky1 & ! son ( a slavehold]1 7happily no long] s17 & t ,mr4 ,kimball is well kn[n z ! able editor ( ! ,h]ald ( ,fre$om1 publi%$ at ,concord1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,!y sail$ f ,new ,york1 ! la/ ( ,novemb]1 #ahcf1 & return$ e>ly 9 ,june1 #ahcg4 ,!y improv$ a %ort /ay at ! ,dani% isl& ( ,/4 ,?omas1 to give a description ( slav]y z x exi/s !re1 :i*1 z x appe>$ = ! mo/ "p 9 ! anti-slav]y pap]s1 & z x is n directly connect$ ) ! great "q at issue1 has n be5 ins]t$ 9 ! pres5t volume4 ,ha/ily t\*+ at "s ( ! o!r ,briti% isl&s1 !y made ,antigua1 ,b>badoes1 & ,jamaica1 successively ! objects ( _! delib]ate & labori\s /udy--z fairly pres5t+ ! ?ree gr& phases ( ! exp]im5t--,antigua1 exemplify+ imm$iate unre/rict$ abolition2 ,b>badoes1 ! be/ work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip1 & ,jamaica ! wor/4 ,n9e weeks 7 sp5t 9 ,antigua1 & ! rema9d] ( _! "t 0 divid$ betwe5 ! o!r two isl&s4 ,! reception ( ! delegates 0 9 ! highe/ degree favorable to ! promotion ( _! object1 & _! "w w %[ h[ well !y h us$ ! extraord9>y facilities af=d$ !m4 ,! committee h1 9 "s in/ances1 re/or$ te/imonials :i* _! mode/y l$ !m to suppress1 %[+ 9 :at e/imation !y !mselves1 z well z ! object ( _! mission1 7 held by "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ p]sons 9 ! isl&s :i* !y visit$4 ,s wide 0 ! field be=e !m1 & s ri* & v>i\s ! fruit to be ga!r$1 t !y 7 tempt$ to g f> beyond ! /r5g? suppli$ by ! fail+ heal? !y c>ri$ ) !m4 ,mo/ nobly did !y po/pone e p]sonal consid]ation to ! int]e/s ( ! cause1 & ! read] w1 we ?9k1 agree ) u1 t !y h a*iev$ a result :i* undim9i%$ en]gies c\ld n h be5 expect$ to exce$--a result suffici5t1 if any ?+ c\ld be1 to ju/ify ! sacrifice x co/ !m4 ,we regret to add t ! labors & exposures ( ,mr4 ,kimball1 s f> prev5t$ 8 recov]y f ! disease,a :i* oblig$ him to resort to a mild] climate1 or p]haps we %\ld say aggravat$ x1 t he has be5 compell$ to leave to 8 colleague1 aid$ by a fri5d1 ne>ly ! :ole burd5 ( prep>+ = ! press--:i*1 toge!r ) ! great labor ( cond5s+ f ! imm5se am\nt ( collect$ mat]ials1 acc\nts = ! delay ( ! publication4 ,z nei!r ,mr4 ,?ome nor ,mr4 ,kimball 7 "h :ile ! "w 0 9 ! press1 x is n improbable t trivial errors h occurr$1 especially 9 ! names ( individuals4 ,footnote ,a3 ,we le>n t ,mr4 ,kimball clos$ 8 mortal c>e] at ,pembroke1 ,n4,h4 ,april #ab?1 9 ! #be? ye> ( 8 age4 ,v few m5 9 ! ,anti-,slav]y cause h be5 m di/+ui%$1 ?an ?is lam5t$ bro!r1 = ! zeal1 discretion & ability ) :i* he has advocat$ ! cause ( ! oppress$4 ,peace to ! memory ( a man ( wor?6 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t ! delegates re/ no?+ ( importance on _! own unatte/$ obs]vation4 ,at e po9t !y are =tifi$ by ! /atem5ts ( a multitude ( responsible p]sons 9 ! isl&s1 ^: names1 :5 n =bidd51 !y leave tak5 ! lib]ty to use 9 behalf ( humanity4 ,_m ( ^! /atem5ts 7 giv5 9 ! h&writ+ ( ! p>ties1 & are 9 ! possession ( ! ,executive ,committee4 ,mo/ ( ^! isl& au?orities are z un*all5geable on ! score ( previ\s lean+ t[>ds abolitionism1 z ,mr4 ,mc,duffie ( ,mr4 ,calh\n w\ld be two ye>s h5ce1 if slav]y 7 to be aboli%$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates tomorr[4 ,among ! po9ts e/abli%$ 9 ?is "w1 beyond ! p[] ( dispute or cavil1 are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,t ! act ( ,,imm$iate ,,emancipation 9 ,antigua1 0 n att5d$ ) any disord] :atev]4 #b4 ,t ! emancipat$ slaves h readily1 fai?fully1 & effici5tly work$ = wages f ! fir/4 #c4 ,t :]ev] !re has be5 any di/urbance 9 ! work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip1 x has be5 inv>iably by ! fault ( ! ma/]s1 or ( ! (fic]s *>g$ ) ! execution ( ! ,abolition ,act4 #d4 ,t ! prejudice ( ca/e is fa/ disappe>+ 9 ! emancipat$ isl&s4 #e4 ,t ! appr5tice%ip 0 n s\ght = by ! plant]s z a prep>ation = fre$om4 #f4 ,t no su* prep>ation 0 ne$$4 #g4 ,t ! plant]s :o h fairly made ! exp]im5t1 n[ greatly pref] ! new sy/em to ! old4 #h4 ,t ! emancipat$ p are p]ceptibly ris+ 9 ! scale ( civilization1 morals1 & religion4 ,f ^! e/abli%$ facts1 reason _c fail to make its inf]5ces 9 favor ( ! two & a half millions ( slaves 9 our republic4 ,we pres5t ! "w to our c\ntrym5 :o yet hold slaves1 ) ! utmo/ confid5ce t its p]usal w n leave 9 _! m9ds a d\bt1 ei!r ( ! duty or p]fect safety ( imm$iate emancipation1 h[ev] x may fail to p]suade _! he>ts--:i* ,god grant x may n6 ,by ord] ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,new ,york1 ,april #bh?1 #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,explanation ,,( ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,n>rative4 #a4 ,! words ',cl]gy' & ',mission>y' are us$ to di/+ui% betwe5 ! m9i/]s ( ! ,engli% or ,scot* *ur*1 & ^? ( all o!r d5om9ations4 #b4 ,! t]ms '*ur*' & '*apel' d5ote a correspond+ di/9ction 9 ! places ( wor%ip1 ?\gh ! ,engli% ,*ur* h :at are te*nically call$ '*apels ( ease6' #c4 ',manag]' & 'ov]se]' are t]ms designat+ 9 diff]5t isl&s ! same /ation4 ,9 ,antigua & ,b>badoes1 manag] is ! ^w 9 g5]al use1 9 ,jamaica x is ov]se]--bo? mean+ ! practical conductor or imm$iate sup]9t5d5t ( an e/ate4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 a peculi> odium is atta*$ to ! latt] t]m4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! /ation ( manag] or ov]se] is an honorable "o2 proprietors ( e/ates1 & ev5 m5 ( rank1 d n hesitate to occupy x4 #d4 ,! t]ms 'color$' & 'black' or 'negro' indicate a di/9ction long kept up 9 ! ,we/ ,indies betwe5 ! mix$ blood & ! pure negro4 ,! =m] z a body 7 few previ\s to ! abolition act2 & = ?is reason *iefly we presume ! t]m ( di/9ction 0 orig9ally appli$ to !m4 ,to h us$ ^! t]ms int]*angeably 9 accordance ) ! usage 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld h occasion$ endless confusion 9 ! n>rative4 #e4 ',pra$ial' & 'non-pra$ial' are t]ms us$ 9 ! appr5tice%ip colonies to m>k ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! agricultural class & ! dome/ic2 ! =m] are call$ pra$ials1 ! latt] non-pra$ials4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,population ,,( ,,! ,,briti% 7,,=m]ly ,,slave7 ,,colonies4 7,compil$ f rec5t au!ntic docum5ts47 ,briti% ,colonies4 ,:ite4 ,slave4 ,f4 ,col'd4 ,total4 ,anguilla #cfe #b1chh #ceg #c1aaj ,antigua,a #a1ihj #bi1hci #c1hie #ce1gad ,bahamas #d1bdj #i1bfh #b1iia #af1dii ,b>badoes #ae1jjj #hb1jjj #e1ajj #ajb1ajj ,b]bicel #eej #ba1cjj #a1aej #bc1jjj ,b]muda,a #c1ijj #d1fjj #gdj #i1bdj ,cape ( ,good ,hope,b #dc1jjj #ce1ejj #bi1jjj #ajg1ejj ,dem]>a,b #c1jjj #gj1jjj #f1djj #gi1djj ,dom9ica #hej #ae1djj #c1fjj #ai1hej ,gr5ada #hjj #bd1jjj #b1hjj #bg1fjj ,honduras,b #bej #b1ajj #b1cjj #d1fej ,jamaica #cg1jjj #cbc1jjj #ee1jjj #dae1jjj ,mauritius,b #h1jjj #gf1jjj #ae1jjj #ii1jjj ,monts]rat #ccj #f1bjj #hjj #g1ccj ,nevis #gjj #f1fjj #b1jjj #i1cjj ,/4 ,*ri/oph]s1,/4 ,kitts #a1fab #ai1caj #c1jjj #bc1ibb ,/4 ,lucia,b #ihj #ac1fjj #c1gjj #ah1bhj ,/4 ,v9c5t #a1cjj #bc1ejj #b1hjj #bg1fjj ,tobago #cbj #ab1ejj #a1bjj #ad1jbj ,tortola #dhj #e1djj #a1cjj #g1ahj ,tr9idad,b #d1bjj #bd1jjj #af1jjj #dd1bjj ,virg9 ,isles #hjj #e1djj #fjj #f1hjj ,total #aca1beg #hca1aje #afb1gcc #a1abe1jie ,footnote ,a3 ,^! isl&s adopt$ imm$iate emancipation1 ,aug #a1 #ahcd4 ,footnote ,b3 ,^! are cr[n colonies1 & h no local legislature4 ,,antigua4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,antigua is ab\t eighte5 miles long & fifte5 broad2 ! int]ior is l[ & undulat+1 ! coa/ m\nta9\s4 ,f ! heights on ! coa/ ! :ole isl& may be tak5 9 at "o view1 & 9 a cle> day ! ocean c be se5 entirely ar\nd ! l&1 ) ! exception ( a few miles ( cliff 9 "o qu>t]4 ,! population ( ,antigua is ab\t #cg1jjj1 ( :om #cj1jjj are negroes--lately slaves--#dejj are free p ( color1 & #bejj are :ites4 ,! cultivation ( ! isl& is pr9cipally 9 sug>1 ( :i* ! av]age annual crop is #ae1jjj hog%eads4 ,antigua is "o ( ! olde/ ( ! ,briti% ,we/ ,india colonies1 & ranks high 9 importance & influ5ce4 ,ow+ to ! proportion ( proprietors resid5t 9 ! ,isl&1 !re is an accumulation ( tal5t1 intellig5ce & ref9em5t1 great]1 p]haps1 ?an 9 any ,engli% colony1 except+ ,jamaica4 ,our solicitude on ent]+ ! ,isl& ( ,antigua 0 int5se4 ,*>g$ ) a mission s ne>ly conc]n+ ! political & dome/ic in/itutions ( ! colony1 we might well be d\btful z to ! mann] ( our reception4 ,we knew inde$ t slav]y 0 aboli%$1 t ,antigua _h reject$ ! appr5tice%ip1 & adopt$ entire emancipation4 ,we knew also1 t ! free sy/em _h surpass$ ! hopes ( its advocates4 ,b we 7 9 ! mid/ ( ^? ^: habits & s5tim5ts _h be5 =m$ "u ! influ5ces ( slav]y1 ^: prejudices /ill cl++ to x might lead !m to reg>d our visit ) indiff]5ce at lea/1 if n ) jeal\sy4 ,we d>$ n hope = aid f m5 :o1 n ?ree ye>s be=e1 7 slavehold]s1 & :o1 z a body1 /r5u\sly resi/$ ! abolition measure1 f9ally yield+ to x only because !y f\nd resi/ance va94 ,m+l$ ) ! depress+ anxieties already ref]r$ to1 7 emotions ( pleasure & exultation1 :5 we /epp$ ^u ! %ores ( an unfett]$ isle4 ,we trod a soil f :i* ! la/ ve/ige ( slav]y _h be5 swept away6 ,to u1 accu/om$ z we 7 to inf] ! exi/5ce ( slav]y f ! pres5ce ( a p>ticul> hue1 ! numb]s ( negroes pass+ to & fro1 engag$ 9 _! sev]al employm5ts1 d5ot$ a l& ( oppression2 b ! erect =ms1 ! active movem5ts1 & ! sprightly c\nt5ances1 bespoke t _s ( dis9?rallm5t :i* _h gone abroad ?r\gh ,antigua4 ,on ! day ( our arrival we _h an int]view ) ! ,rev4 ,james ,cox1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,wesleyan mission 9 ! isl&4 ,he assur$ u t we ne$ appreh5d no difficulty 9 procur+ in=mation1 add+1 ,we are all free "h n[2 e man c speak 8 s5tim5ts unaw$4 ,we h no?+ to conceal 9 our pres5t sy/em2 _h y come "h z ! advocates ( slav]y y might h met ) a v diff]5t reception4 ,at ! same "t we met ! ,rev4 ,n4 ,gilb]t1 a cl]gyman ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 & proprietor ( an e/ate4 ,mr4 ,g4 express$ ! hope t we might ga!r su* facts dur+ our /ay 9 ! isl&1 z w\ld t5d effectually to remove ! curse ( slav]y f ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he said t ! failure ( ! crops1 f ! extraord9>y dr\ght :i* 0 /ill prevail+1 w\ld1 he fe>$1 be *>g$ by p]sons abroad to ! new sy/em4 ,! enemies ( fre$om1 said he1 w n ascribe ! failure to ! prop] cause4 ,x w be 9 va9 t we solemnly decl>e1 t = m ?an ?irty ye>s ! isl& has n exp]i5c$ su* a dr\ght4 ,our enemies w p]si/ 9 lay+ all to ! *>ge ( our free sy/em2 m5 w look only at ! am\nt ( sug> export$1 :i* w be less ?an half ! av]age4 ,!y w run away ) ?is fact1 & triumph ov] x z ! disa/r\s consequ5ce ( abolition4 ,on ! same day we 7 introduc$ to ! ,rev4 ,b5net ,h>vey1 ! pr9cipal ( ! ,moravian mission1 to a m]*ant1 an ag5t = sev]al e/ates1 & to an intellig5t manag]4 ,ea* ( ^! g5tlem5 gave u ! mo/ cordial welcome1 & express$ a w>m sympa?y 9 ! objects ( our visit4 ,on ! foll[+ day we d9$1 by invitation1 ) ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,wesleyan mission1 9 company ) sev]al mission>ies4 ,fre$om 9 ,antigua 0 ! engross+ & delightful topic4 ,!y rejoic$ 9 ! *ange1 n m]ely f sympa?y ) ! dis9?rall$ negroes1 b because x _h emancipat$ !m f a di%e>t5+ surveillance1 & op5$ new fields ( usefulness4 ,!y hail$ ! /> ( fre$om ) exce$+ great joy1 because x h]ald$ ! spe$y dawn+ ( ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness4 ,we took an e>ly opportunity to call on ! ,gov]nor1 :om we f\nd affable & c\rte\s4 ,on le>n+ t we 7 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 he rem>k$1 t he ent]ta9$ a high respect = our c\ntry1 b its slav]y 0 a /a9 ^u ! :ole nation4 ,he express$ 8 conviction t ! in/igators ( nor!rn mobs mu/ be implicat$ 9 "s way1 pecuni>y or o!rwise1 ) slav]y4 ,! ,gov]nor /at$ v>i\s p>ticul>s 9 :i* ,antigua _h be5 greatly improv$ by ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,he said1 ! plant]s all conc$$ t emancipation _h be5 a great bless+ to ! isl&1 & he did n "k ( a s+le individual :o wi%$ to return to ! old sy/em4 ,8 excell5cy pr(f]$ u e assi/ance 9 8 p[]1 & reque/$ 8 secret>y--a color$ g5tleman--to furni% u ) c]ta9 docum5ts :i* he ?\ght w\ld be ( s]vice to u4 ,:5 we rose to leave1 ! ,gov]nor foll[$ u to ! door1 repeat+ ! advice t we %\ld see ) our own eyes1 & he> ) our own e>s4 ,! int]e/ :i* 8 ,excell5cy manife/$ 9 our ent]prise1 satisfi$ u t ! preval5t feel+ 9 ! isl& 0 oppos$ to slav]y1 s9ce x 0 a matt] well und]/ood t ! ,gov]nor's p>tialities1 if he _h any1 7 on ! side ( ! plant]s r ?an ! p4 ,on ! same day we 7 introduc$ to a b>ri/]1 a memb] ( ! assembly & proprietor ( an e/ate4 ,he 0 9 ! assembly at ! "t ! abolition act 0 "u discussion4 ,he said t x 0 viol5tly oppos$1 until x 0 se5 to be inevitable4 ,_m 7 ! pr$ictions made respect+ ! ru9 :i* w\ld be br\ght ^u ! colony2 b ^! pr$ictions _h fail$1 & abolition 0 n[ reg>d$ z ! salvation ( ! isl&4 ,,sabba?4 ,! morn+ ( our fir/ ,sabba? 9 ,antigua came ) t hu%$ /illness :i* m>ks ! ,sabba? dawn 9 ! retir$ villages ( ,new ,engl&4 ,! arrangem5ts ( ! family 7 conduct$ ) a /udi$ sil5ce t indicat$ habitual respect = ! ,"l's day4 ,at #aj o'clock ! /reets 7 fill$ ) ! *ur*-go+ ?rong4 ,! ri* roll$ along 9 _! spl5did vehicles ) liv]i$ outrid]s & po/illions4 ,! poor mov$ 9 l[li] procession1 yet 9 neat attire1 & ) ! s]i\s air ( ,*ri/ian wor%ipp]s4 ,we att5d$ ! ,moravian s]vice4 ,9 go+ to ! *apel1 :i* is situat$ on ! bord] ( ! t[n1 we pass$ ?r\gh & across ! mo/ frequ5t$ /reets4 ,no p]sons 7 to be se51 except+ ^? ^: c\rse 0 t[>d "s place ( wor%ip4 ,! %ops 7 all %ut1 & ! voices ( bus9ess & amusem5t 7 hu%$4 ,! m>ket place1 :i* ye/]day 0 full ( sw>m+ life1 & s5t =? a confus$ upro>1 0 des]t$ & dumb--n a /raggl] 0 to be se5 ( all ! multitude4 ,on approa*+ ! ,moravian *apel we obs]v$ ! negroes1 w5d+ _! way *ur*w>d1 f ! surr\nd+ e/ates1 along ! roads lead+ into t[n4 ,:5 we ent]$ ! *apel ! s]vice _h begun1 & ! p 7 /&+1 & repeat+ _! liturgy4 ,! h\se1 :i* 0 capable ( hold+ ab\t a ?\s& p]sons1 0 fill$4 ,! audi5ce 7 all black & color$1 mo/ly ( ! deepe/ ,e?iopian hue1 & _h come up ?i!r f ! e/ates1 :]e once !y toil$ z slaves1 b n[ z freem51 to pres5t _! ?ank-(f]+s unto ,him ^: tru? & ,_s _h made !m free4 ,9 ! simplicity & tid9ess ( _! attire1 9 its uni=mity & fre$om f ornam5t1 x resembl$ ! dress ( ! ,fri5ds4 ,! females 7 clad 9 pla9 :ite g[ns1 ) neat turbans ( cambric or musl9 on _! heads4 ,! males 7 dress$ 9 sp5c]s1 ve/s1 & pantaloons1 all ( :ite4 ,all 7 s]i\s 9 _! demeanor1 & al?\gh ! s]vices cont9u$ m ?an two h\rs1 !y gave a wakeful att5tion to ! end4 ,_! responses 9 ! litany 7 solemn & regul>4 ,great respect 0 paid to ! ag$ & infirm4 ,a poor bl9d man came grop+ 8 way1 & 0 k9dly conduct$ to a seat 9 an airy place4 ,a lame man came we>ily up to ! door1 :5 "o )9 ! h\se rose & l$ him to ! seat he himself _h j occupi$4 ,z we sat fac+ ! congregation1 we look$ ar\nd ^u ! multitude to f9d ! m>ks ( ^? demoniac passions :i* are to /rew c>nage ?r\gh our own c\ntry :5 its bondm5 %all be made free4 ,! c\nt5ances ga!r$ !re1 bore ! traces ( b5evol5ce1 ( humility1 ( meekness1 ( docility1 & rev]5ce2 & we felt1 :ile look+ on !m1 t ! do]s ( ju/ice to a wrong$ p %all surely dwell 9 safety & be quiet f fe> ( evil4 ,aft] ! s]vice1 we visit$ ! ,sabba? s*ool4 ,! sup]9t5d5t 0 an int]e/+ "y color$ man4 ,we att5d$ ! recitation ( a ,te/am5t class ( *ildr5 ( bo? sexes f eight to twelve4 ,!y read1 & answ]$ num]\s que/ions ) great sprightl9ess4 ,9 ! aft]noon we att5d$ ! ,episcopal *ur*1 ( :i* ! ,rev4 ,rob]t ,holb]ton is rector4 ,we "h saw a specim5 ( ! ari/ocracy ( ! isl&4 ,a consid]able numb] pres5t 7 :ites1--ri* proprietors ) _! families1 manag]s ( e/ates1 (fic]s ( gov]nm5t1 & m]*ants4 ,! great] proportion ( ! auditory1 h[ev]1 7 color$ p & blacks4 ,x might be expect$ t di/9ctions ( color w\ld be f\nd "h1 if any :]e2--h[ev]1 ! actual di/9ction1 ev5 9 ?is ! mo/ fa%ionable *ur* 9 ,antigua1 am\nt$ only to ?is1 t ! body pews on ea* side ( ! broad aisle 7 occupi$ by ! :ites1 ! side pews by ! color$ p1 & ! broad aisle 9 ! middle by ! negroes4 ,! gall]y1 on "o side1 0 also appropriat$ to ! color$ p1 & on ! o!r to ! blacks4 ,! f9]y ( ! negroes 0 9 sad contra/ ) ! simplicity we _h j se5 at ! ,moravian *apel4 ,_! dresses 7 ( e color & /yle2 _! hats 7 ( all %apes & sizes1 & fillagre$ ) ! mo/ tawdry sup]fluity ( ribbons4 ,b5ea? ^! gaudy bonnets 7 glossy r+lets1 false & real1 clu/]+ 9 tropical luxuriance4 ,?is fanta/ic display 0 evid5tly a rude attempt to foll[ ! example set !m by ! :ite ari/ocracy4 ,! *oir 0 compos$ *iefly ( color$ boys1 :o 7 plac$ on ! "r side ( ! organ1 & ab\t an equal numb] ( color$ girls on ! left4 ,9 front ( ! organ 7 eight or t5 :ite *ildr54 ,! music ( ?is color$1 or r amalgamat$ *oir1 direct$ by a color$ *ori/]1 & accompani$ by a color$ organi/1 0 9 good ta/e4 ,9 ! ev5+1 we accompani$ a fri5d to ! ,wesleyan *apel1 ( :i* ! ,rev4 ,james ,cox is pa/or4 ,! m9i/] invit$ u to a seat )9 ! alt>1 :]e we c\ld h a full view ( ! congregation4 ,! *apel 0 cr[d$4 ,ne>ly twelve hundr$ p]sons 7 pres5t4 ,all sat promiscu\sly 9 respect ( color4 ,9 "o pew 0 a family ( :ites1 next a family ( color$ p]sons1 & beh9d t p]haps might be se51 side by side1 ! ebon hue ( ! negro1 ! mix$ t9t ( ! mulatto1 & ! unbl5d$ :it5ess ( ! ,european4 ,?us !y sat 9 cr[d$ contact1 seem+ly unconsci\s t !y 7 outrag+ good ta/e1 violat+ natural laws1 & conf\nd+ di/9ctions ( div9e appo9tm5t6 ,9 :atev] direction we turn$1 !re 0 ! same commixture ( colors4 ,:at to "o ( our own c\ntrym5 ^: contempt = ! oppress$ has def5d$ itself ) ! plea ( prejudice aga9/ color1 w\ld h be5 a comb9ation absolutely %ock+1 0 to u a sc5e z gratify+ z x 0 new4 ,on bo? sides1 ! gall]y pres5t$ ! same unconsci\s bl5d+ ( colors4 ,! *oir 0 compos$ ( a l>ge numb]1 mo/ly color$1 ( all ages4 ,! front seats 7 fill$ by *ildr5 ( v>i\s ages--! re>1 ( adults1 ris+ above ^! t9y *ori/]s1 & s(t5+ ! %rillness ( _! notes by ! deep] tones ( mature age4 ,! /yle ( ! prea*+ :i* we he>d on ! diff]5t occasions above describ$1 s f> z x is any index to ! intellig5ce ( ! sev]al congregations1 is c]ta9ly a high comm5dation4 ,! language us$1 w\ld n (f5d ! ta/e ( any congregation1 h[ev] ref9$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fix$ att5tion ( ! p %[$ t ! tru?s deliv]$ 7 und]/ood & appreciat$4 ,we obs]v$1 t 9 ! la/ two s]vices ! subject ( ! pres5t dr\ght 0 p>ticul>ly notic$ 9 pray]4 ,! acc\nt "h giv5 is b a fair specim5 ( ! solemnity & decorum ( an ,antigua sabba?4 ,,visit ,,to ,,mill>',s ,,e/ate4 ,e>ly 9 ! week aft] our arrival1 by ! special invitation ( ! manag]1 we visit$ ?is e/ate4 ,x is situat$ ab\t f\r miles f ! t[n ( ,/4 ,john's4 ,! smoo? ,mac,adamized road ext5d+ across ! roll+ pla9s & g5tly slop+ hill sides1 cov]$ ) wav+ cane1 & int]sp]s$ ) provision gr\nds1 contribut$ ) ! fre% brac+ air ( ! morn+ to make ! drive pleasant & animat+4 ,at %ort int]vals 7 se5 ! build+s ( ! diff]5t e/ates ?r[n toge!r 9 small gr\ps1 consi/+ ( ! manag]'s mansion & out-h\ses1 negro huts1 boil+ h\se1 cool+ h\ses1 di/ill]y1 & w9dmill4 ,! mansion is g5]ally on an elevat$ spot1 comm&+ a view ( ! e/ate & surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,! cane fields pres5t$ a novel appe>ance--be+ )\t f5ces ( any description4 ,ev5 ^? fields :i* lie bord]+ on ! highways1 are :olly unprotect$ by h$ge1 dit*1 or rails4 ,?is is f necessity4 ,wood5 f5ces !y _c h1 = lack ( timb]4 ,h$ges are n us$1 because !y are f\nd to )draw ! moi/ure f ! canes4 ,to prev5t depr$ations1 !re are wat*m5 on e e/ate employ$ bo? day & night4 ,!re are also /ock keep]s employ$ by day 9 keep+ ! cattle )9 prop] graz+ limits4 ,z ea* e/ate gu>ds its own /ock by day & folds !m by night1 ! fields are 9 little dang]4 ,we pass$ great numb]s ( negroes on ! road1 load$ ) e k9d ( commodity = ! t[n m>ket4 ,! head is ! bea/ ( bur!n among ! negroes ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,:atev] ! load1 :e!r x be trifl+ or valuable1 /rong or frail1 x is consign$ to ! head1 bo? = safe keep+ & = transportation4 ,:ile ! head is ?us tax$1 ! h&s hang useless by ! side1 or are busi$ 9 ge/iculat+1 z ! p *at toge!r along ! way4 ,! negroes we pass$ 7 all dec5tly clad4 ,!y uni=mly /opp$ z !y came opposite to u1 to pay ! usual civilities4 ,?is ! m5 did by t\*+ _! hats & b[+1 & ! wom51 by mak+ a l[ c\rtesy1 & add+1 sometimes1 h[dy1 massa1 or morn9'1 massa4 ,we pass$ sev]al load$ wagons1 drawn by ?ree1 f\r1 or five yoke ( ox51 & 9 e in/ance ! driv]1 s f> f manife/+ any disposition insol5tly to cr[d u (f ! road1 or to cont5d = 8 "p ( x1 turn$ 8 team aside1 leav+ u d\ble room to g by1 & sometimes /opp+ until we _h pass$4 ,we 7 k9dly receiv$ at ,mill>'s by ,mr4 ,b\rne1 ! manag]4 ,mill>'s is "o ( ! fir/ e/ates 9 ,antigua4 ,! la/ ye> x made ! l>ge/ sug> crop on ! isl&4 ,mr4 ,b4 took u be=e breakfa/ to view ! e/ate4 ,on ! way1 he rem>k$ t we _h visit$ ! isl& at a v unfavorable "t = see+ ! cultivation ( x1 z e ?+ 0 suff]+ greatly f ! dr\ght4 ,!re _h n be5 a s+le copi\s ra91 su* z w\ld make ! wat] run1 s9ce ! fir/ ( ,m>* previ\s4 ,z we approa*$ ! labor]s1 ! manag] po9t$ out "o company ( t51 :o 7 at "w ) _! hoes by ! side ( ! road1 :ile a l>g] "o ( ?irty 7 9 ! middle ( ! field4 ,!y greet$ u 9 ! mo/ fri5dly mann]4 ,! manag] spoke k9dly to !m1 enc\rag+ !m to be indu/ri\s ,he /opp$ a mom5t to expla9 to u ! process ( cane-hol+4 ,! field is fir/ pl\gh$,a 9 "o direction1 & ! gr\nd ?r[n up 9 ridges ( ab\t a foot high4 ,!n simil> ridges are =m$ crosswise1 ) ! hoe1 mak+ regul> squ>es ( two-feet-sides ov] ! field4 ,by rais+ ! soil1 a cle> space ( six in*es squ>e is left at ! bottom4 ,9 ?is space ! plant is plac$ horizontally1 & slightly cov]$ ) e>?4 ,! ridges are left ab\t x1 = ! purpose ( conduct+ ! ra9 to ! roots1 & also to reta9 ! moi/ure4 ,:5 we came up to ! l>ge company1 !y paus$ a mom5t1 & ) a he>ty salutation1 :i* ran all along ! l9e1 bade u good morn9'1 & imm$iately resum$ _! labor4 ,! m5 & wom5 7 int]m+l$2 ! latt] kept pace ) ! =m]1 wield+ _! hoes ) en]gy & effect4 ,! manag] address$ !m = a few mom5ts1 tell+ !m :o we 71 & ! object ( our visit4 ,he told !m ( ! great numb] ( slaves 9 ,am]ica1 & appeal$ to !m to "k :e!r !y w\ld n be sob]1 indu/ri\s1 & dilig5t1 s z to prove to ,am]ican slavehold]s ! b5efit ( free+ all _! slaves4 ,at ! close ( ea* s5t5ce1 !y all respond$1 ,yes1 massa1 or ,god bless de massas1 & at ! conclusion1 !y answ]$ ! appeal1 ) mu* feel+1 ,yes1 massa2 please ,god massa1 we w all d s4 ,:5 we turn$ to leave1 !y wi%$ to "k :at we ?\ght ( _! indu/ry4 ,we assur$ !m t we 7 mu* pleas$1 = :i* !y return$ _! ?ankee1 massa4 ,!y 7 work+ at a job4 ,! manag] _h giv5 !m a piece ( gr\nd to hole1 engag+ to pay !m sixte5 doll>s :5 !y _h f9i%$ x4 ,he rem>k$ t he _h f\nd x a good plan to give jobs4 ,he obta9$ m "w 9 ?is way ?an he did by giv+ ! ord9>y wages1 :i* is ab\t elev5 c5ts p] day4 ,x look$ v mu* l slav]y to see ! females work+ 9 ! field2 b ! manag] said !y *ose x g5]ally = ! sake ( ! wages4 ,mr4 ,b4 return$ ) u to ! h\se1 leav+ ! gangs 9 ! field1 ) only an ag$ negro 9 *>ge ( ! "w1 z sup]9t5d5t4 ,su* n[ is ! "n ( ! ov]se]4 ,! v t]ms1 driv] & ov]se]1 are bani%$ f ,antigua2 & ! :ip is buri$ b5ea? ! soil ( fre$om4 ,footnote ,a3 ,9 ^? cases :]e ! pl\gh is us$ at all4 ,x is n yet g5]ally introduc$ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,:]e ! pl\gh is n us$1 ! :ole process ( hol+ is done ) ! hoe1 & is extremely labori\s ,:5 we rea*$ ! h\se we 7 introduc$ to ,mr4 ,watk9s1 a color$ plant]1 :om ,mr4 ,b4 _h invit$ to breakfa/ ) u4 ,mr4 ,watk9s 0 v communicative1 & f him & ,mr4 ,b41 :o 0 equally free1 we obta9$ in=mation on a great v>iety ( po9ts1 :i* we res]ve = ! diff]5t heads to :i* !y appropriately belong4 ,,fit*',s ,,creek ,,e/ate4 ,f ,mill>'s we proce$$ to ,fit*'s ,creek ,e/ate1 :]e we _h be5 invit$ to d9e by ! intellig5t manag]1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,arm/rong4 ,we ?ree met sev]al ,wesleyan mission>ies4 ,mr4 ,a4 is himself a local prea*] 9 ! ,wesleyan connection4 ,:5 a /rang] visits an e/ate 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 almo/ ! fir/ ?+ is an (f] f ! manag] to accompany him ?r\gh ! sug> works4 ,mr4 ,a4 conduct$ u fir/ to a new boil+ h\se1 :i* he 0 build+ aft] a plan ( 8 own devis+4 ,! h\se is ( brick1 on a v ext5sive scale4 ,x has be5 built entirely by negroes--*iefly ^? belong+ to ! e/ate :o 7 emancipat$ 9 #ahcd4 ,fit*'s ,creek ,e/ate is "o ( ! l>ge/ on ! ,isl&1 consi/+ ( #ejj acres1 ( :i* #cjj are "u cultivation4 ,! numb] ( p employ$ & liv+ on ! prop]ty is #bfj4 ,?is e/ate indicates any ?+ else ?an an appreh5sion ( approa*+ ru94 ,x pres5ts ! appe>ance1 f> m1 ( a resurrection1 f ! grave4 ,9 addition to 8 improv$ sug> & boil+ e/abli%m5t1 he has project$ a plan = a new village1 7z ! collection ( negro h\ses is call$17 & has already select$ ! gr\nd & begun to build4 ,! h\ses are to be l>g] ?an ^? at pres5t 9 use1 !y are to be built ( /one in/ead ( mud & /icks1 & to be neatly ro($4 ,in/ead ( be+ huddl$ toge!r 9 a bye place1 z has mo/ly be5 ! case1 !y are to be built on an elevat$ site1 & rang$ at regul> int]vals ar\nd ?ree sides ( a l>ge squ>e1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* a build+ = a *apel & s*ool h\se is to be erect$4 ,ea* h\se is to h a g>d54 ,?is & simil> improvem5ts are n[ 9 progress1 ) ! view ( add+ to ! com=ts ( ! labor]s1 & atta*+ !m to ! e/ate4 ,x has become ! int]e/ ( ! plant] to make x = ! int]e/ ( ! p to rema9 on 8 e/ate4 ,?is mutual int]e/ is ! only sure basis ( prosp]ity on ! "o h& & ( indu/ry on ! o!r4 ,! :ole company he>tily jo9$ 9 assur+ u t a k ( ! actual work+ ( abolition 9 ,antigua1 w\ld be altoge!r favorable to ! cause ( fre$om1 & t ! m ?or\gh our k ( ! facts 9 ! case1 ! m p]fect w\ld be our confid5ce 9 ! safety ( ,,imm$iate emancipation4 ,mr4 ,a4 said t ! _s ( ent]prise1 be=e dormant1 _h be5 r\s$ s9ce emancipation1 & plant]s 7 n[ beg9n+ to inquire z to ! be/ modes ( cultivation1 & to propose measures ( g5]al improvem5t4 ,"o ( ^! measures 0 ! e/abli%+ ( free villages1 9 :i* ! labor]s might dwell by pay+ a small r5t4 ,:5 ! adjac5t plant]s ne$$ help !y c\ld "h f9d a supply = ! occasion4 ,?is plan w\ld relieve ! labor]s f "s ( t dep5d5ce :i* !y mu/ feel s long z !y live on ! e/ate & 9 ! h\ses ( ! plant]s4 ,_m advantages ( su* a sy/em 7 specifi$4 ,we allude to x "h only z an illu/ration ( t _s ( inquiry1 :i* fre$om has k9dl$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! plant]s4 ,no little desire 0 manife/$ by ! company to "k ! /ate ( ! slav]y "q 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!y all1 plant]s & mission>ies1 spoke 9 t]ms ( abhorr5ce ( our slav]y1 our snobs1 our prejudice1 & our ,*ri/ianity4 ,"o ( ! mission>ies said x w\ld nev] d = him to g to ,am]ica1 = he %\ld c]ta9ly be excommunicat$ by 8 ,me?odi/ bre?r51 & ,lyn*$ by ! advocates ( slav]4 ,he insi/$ t slavehold+ pr(essors & m9i/]s %\ld be cut (f f ! communion ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z we 7 ab\t to take leave1 ! proprietor ( ! e/ate rode up1 accompani$ by ! gov]nor1 :o he _h br\ght to see ! new boil+-h\se1 & ! o!r improvem5ts :i* 7 9 progress4 ,! proprietor reside 9 ,/4 ,john's1 is a g5tleman ( l>ge =tune1 & a memb] ( ! assembly4 ,he said he w\ld be happy to aid u 9 any way--b add$1 t 9 all details ( a practical k9d1 & 9 all matt]s ( fact1 ! plant]s 7 ! be/ witnesses1 = !y 7 ! conductors ( ! pres5t sy/em4 ,we 7 glad to obta9 ! endorsem5t ( an influ5tial proprietor to ! te/imony ( practical plant]s4 ,,d9n] ,,at ,,! ,,gov]nor',s4 ,on ! foll[+ day hav+ receiv$ a v c\rte\s invitation,a f ! gov]nor1 to d9e at ! gov]nm5t h\se1 we made our arrangem5ts to d s4 ,! ,hon4 ,paul ,hors=d1 a memb] ( ! c\ncil1 call$ dur+ ! day1 to say1 t he expect$ to d9e ) u at ! gov]nm5t h\se & t he w\ld be happy to call = u at ! appo9t$ h\r1 & conduct u ?i!r4 ,at six o'clock ,mr4 ,h4's c>riage drove up to our door1 & we accompani$ him to ! gov]nor's1 :]e we 7 introduc$ to ,col4 ,j>vis1 a memb] ( ! privy c\ncil1 & proprietor ( sev]al e/ates 9 ! isl&1 ,col4 ,edw>ds1 a memb] ( ! assembly & a b>ri/]1 ,dr4 ,musgrave1 a memb] ( ! assembly1 & ,mr4 ,%iel1 attorney g5]al4 ,a d9n] ( /ate1 at a ,gov]nor's h\se1 att5d$ by a company ( high-ton$ politicians1 pr(essional g5tlem51 & proprietors1 c\ld h>dly be expect$ to furni% l>ge accessions to our /ock ( in=mation1 relat+ to ! object ( our visit4 ,d9n] be+ ann\nc$1 we 7 h>dly seat$ at ! table :5 8 excell5cy politely (f]$ to dr9k a glass ( ,madeira ) u4 ,we begg$ leave to decl9e ! honor4 ,9 a %ort "t he propos$ a glass ( ,*ampaign--aga9 we decl9$4 ,:y1 surely1 g5tlem51 exclaim$ ! ,gov]nor1 y mu/ belong to ! temp]ance society4 ,yes1 sir1 we d4 ,is x possible8 b y w surely take a glass ( liqueur8 ,y\r excell5cy mu/ p>don u if we aga9 decl9e ! honor2 we dr9k no w9es4 ,?is ann\ncem5t ( ultra temp]ance pr9ciples excit$ no little surprise4 ,f9d+ t our allegiance to cold wat] 0 n to be %ak51 ! gov]nor condesc5d$ at la/ to meet u on middle gr\nd1 & dr9k 8 w9e to our wat]4 ,footnote ,a3 ,we v5ture to publi% ! note 9 :i* ! gov]nor convey$ 8 invitation1 simply because1 ?\gh a trifle 9 itself1 x w s]ve to %[ ! e/imation 9 :i* our mission 0 held4 ,if ,messrs4 ,kimball & ,?ome are n engag$ ,tuesday next1 ! ,lieut4 ,gov]nor w be happy to see !m at d9n]1 at six o'clock1 :5 he w endeavor to facilitate _! philan?ropic inquiries1 by invit+ two or ?ree proprietors to met !m4 ,gov]nm5t ,h\se1 ,/4 ,john's1 ,dec4 #ah?1 #ahcf4 ,! conv]sation on ! subject ( emancipation s]v$ to %[ t ! prevail+ s5tim5t 0 decid$ly favorable to ! free sy/em4 ,col4 ,j>vis1 :o is ! proprietor ( ?ree e/ates1 said t he 0 9 ,engl& at ! "t ! bill = imm$iate emancipation pass$ ! legislature4 ,_h he be5 9 ! isl& he %\ld h oppos$ x2 b n[ he 0 glad x _h prevail$4 ,! evil consequ5ces :i* he appreh5d$ _h n be5 realiz$1 & he 0 n[ confid5t t !y nev] w\ld be4 ,z to prejudice aga9/ ! black & color$ p1 all ?\ght x 0 rapidly decreas+--inde$1 !y c\ld sc>cely say !re 0 n[ any su* ?+4 ,to be sure1 !re 0 an av]sion among ! high] classes ( ! :ites1 & especially among females1 to associat+ 9 p>ties ) color$ p2 b x 0 n on acc\nt ( _! color1 b *iefly because ( _! illegitimacy4 ,?is 0 to u a new s\rce ( prejudice3 b subsequ5t in=mation fully expla9$ its be>+s4 ,! :ites ( ! ,we/ ,indies are !mselves ! au?ors ( t illegitimacy1 out ( :i* _! av]sion spr+s4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at t !y %\ld be unwill+ to invite ! color$ p to _! social p>ties1 see+ !y might n unfrequ5tly be subject$ to ! emb>rassm5t ( introduc+ to _! :ite wives a color$ mi/ress or an illegitimate daught]4 ,?is also expla9s ! special prejudice :i* ! ladies ( ! high] classes feel t[>d ^? among :om are _! guilty rivals 9 a husb&'s affections1 & ^? ^: e feature tells ! /ory ( a husb&'s unfai?fulness6 ,a few days aft] our d9n] ) ! gov]nor & 8 fri5ds1 we took breakfa/1 by invitation1 ) ,mr4 ,watk9s1 ! color$ plant] :om we _h ! pleasure ( meet+ at ,mill>'s1 on a previ\s occasion4 ,mr4 ,w4 politely s5t 9 8 *aise = u1 a di/ance ( five miles1 ,at an e>ly h\r we rea*$ ,donovan's1 ! e/ate ( :i* he is manag]4 ,we f\nd ! sug> works 9 active op]ation3 ! broad w+s ( ! w9dmill 7 :eel+ _! /ately revolutions1 & ! smoke 0 issu+ 9 d5se volumes f ! *imney ( ! boil+ h\se4 ,"s ( ! negroes 7 employ$ 9 c>ry+ cane to ! mill1 o!rs 9 c>ry+ away ! tra% or megass1 z ! cane is call$ aft] ! juice is express$ f x4 ,o!rs1 *iefly ! old m5 & wom51 7 te>+ ! megass ap>t1 & /rew+ x on ! gr\nd to dry4 ,x is ! only fuel us$ = boil+ ! sug>4 ,on ent]+ ! h\se we f\nd ?ree plant]s :om ,mr4 ,w4 _h invit$ to breakfa/ ) u4 ,! meet+ ( a numb] ( intellig5t practical plant]s af=d$ a good opportunity = comp>+ _! views4 ,on all ! ma9 po9ts1 t\*+ ! work+ ( fre$om1 !re 0 a /rong co9cid5ce4 ,:5 breakfa/ 0 ready1 ,mrs4 ,w4 ent]$ ! room1 & aft] our introduction to h]1 took h] place at ! head ( ! table4 ,h] conv]sation 0 intellig5t1 h] mann]s highly poli%$1 & %e presid$ at ! table ) admirable grace & dignity4 ,on ! foll[+ day1 ,dr4 ,f]guson1 ( ,/4 ,john's1 call$ on u4 ,dr4 ,f]guson is a memb] ( ! assembly1 & "o ( ! fir/ physicians 9 ! isl&4 ,! ,doctor said t fre$om _h wr\ght l a magician1 & _h x n be5 = ! unprec$5t$ dr\ght1 ! isl& w\ld n[ be 9 a /ate ( prosp]ity unequall$ 9 any p]iod ( its hi/ory4 ,dr4 ,f4 rem>k$ t a g5]al _s ( improvem5t 0 p]vad+ ! isl&4 ,! moral condition ( ! :ites 0 rapidly bright5+2 =m]ly concub9age 0 respectable2 x _h be5 cu/om>y = m>ri$ m5--^? ( ! highe/ /&+--to keep "o or two color$ mi/resses4 ,?is practice 0 n[ becom+ disreputable4 ,!re _h be5 a great alt]ation z to ! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba?2 =m]ly m bus9ess 0 done 9 ,/4 ,john's on ,sunday1 by ! m]*ants1 ?an on all ! o!r days ( ! week toge!r4 ,! m]cantile bus9ess ( ! t[n _h increas$ a/oni%+ly2 he ?\ght t ! /ores & %ops _h multipli$ 9 a ratio ( t5 to "o4 ,me*anical pursuits 7 likewise 9 a fl\ri%+ condition4 ,dr4 ,f4 said t a great] numb] ( build+s _h be5 erect$ s9ce emancipation1 ?an _h be5 put up = tw5ty ye>s be=e4 ,great improvem5ts _h also be5 made 9 ! /reets & roads 9 t[n & c\ntry4 ,,m>ket4 ,,saturday4--,?is is ! regul> m>ket-day "h4 ,! negroes come f all p>ts ( ! isl&2 walk+ sometimes t5 or fifte5 miles to att5d ! ,/4 ,john's m>ket4 ,we press$ our way ?r\gh ! d5se mass ( all hues1 :i* cr[d$ ! m>ket4 ,! gr\nd 0 cov]$ ) wood5 trays fill$ ) all k9ds ( fruits1 gra91 vegetables1 f[ls1 fi%1 & fle%4 ,ea* "o1 z we pass$1 call$ att5tion to 8 or h] little /ock4 ,we pass$ up to ! head ( ! av5ue1 :]e m5 & wom5 7 employ$ 9 cutt+ up ! light fire-wood :i* !y _h br\ght f ! c\ntry on _! heads1 & 9 b9d+ x into small bundles = sale4 ,"h we paus$ a mom5t & look$ d[n ^u ! busy multitude bel[4 ,! :ole /reet 0 a mov+ mass4 ,!re 7 broad ,panama hats1 & gaudy turbans1 & uncov]$ heads1 & heads lad5 ) wat] pots1 & boxes1 & baskets1 & trays--all mov+ & m+l+ 9 seem+ly inextricable confusion4 ,!re c\ld n h be5 less ?an fifte5 hundr$ p congregat$ 9 t /reet--all1 or ne>ly all1 emancipat$ slaves4 ,yet1 amid/ all ! excitem5ts & competitions ( trade1 _! conduct t[>d ea* o!r 0 polite & k9d4 ,n a ^w1 or look1 or ge/ure ( insol5ce or indec5cy did we obs]ve4 ,smil+ c\nt5ances & fri5dly voices greet$ u on e side1 & we felt no fe>s ei!r ( hav+ our pockets pick$ or our ?roats cut6 ,at ! o!r end ( ! m>ket-place /ood ! ,lock-up ,h\se1 ! ,cage1 & ! ,:ipp+ ,po/1 ) /ocks = feet & wri/s4 ,^! are almo/ ! sole relics ( slav]y :i* /ill l+] 9 ! t[n4 ,! ,lock-up ,h\se is a sort ( jail1 built ( /one--ab\t fifte5 feet squ>e1 & orig9ally design$ z a place ( conf9em5t = slaves tak5 up by ! patrol4 ,! ,cage is a small] build+1 adjo9+ ! =m]1 ! sides ( :i* are compos$ ( /rong iron b>s--fitly call$ a cage6 ,! prison] 0 expos$ to ! gaze & insult ( e pass] by1 )\t ! possibility ( concealm5t4 ,! ,:ipp+ ,po/ is h>d by1 b its occupation is gone4 ,inde$1 all ^! app5dages ( slav]y h gone into entire disuse1 & ,"t is do+ 8 "w ( dilapidation ^u !m4 ,we fanci$ we c\ld see 9 ! m>ket]s1 z !y walk$ 9 & out at ! doorless entrance ( ! ,lock-up ,h\se1 or lean$ aga9/ ! ,:ipp+ ,po/1 9 c>eless *at1 t h>mless defiance :i* w\ld prompt "o to be>d ! dead lion4 ,return+ f ! m>ket we obs]v$ a negro woman pass+ ?r\gh ! /reet1 ) sev]al l>ge hat boxes /rung on h] arm4 ,%e accid5tally let "o ( !m fall4 ,! box _h h>dly rea*$ ! gr\nd1 :5 a little boy sprang f ! back ( a c>riage roll+ by1 h&$ ! woman ! box1 & ha/5$ to rem\nt ! c>riage4 ,,*ri/mas4 ,dur+ ! reign ( slav]y1 ! ,*ri/mas holidays br\ght ) !m g5]al al>m4 ,to prev5t insurrections1 ! militia 0 uni=mly call$ out1 & an array made ( all t 0 =midable 9 milit>y eng9]y4 ,?is cu/om 0 disp5s$ ) at once1 aft] emancipation4 ,z ,*ri/mas came on ! ,sabba?1 x te/$ ! respect = t day4 ,! morn+ 0 simil>1 9 all respects1 to ! morn+ ( ! ,sabba? describ$ above2 ! same s]5ity reign+ ev]y:]e--! same quiet 9 ! h\sehold movem5ts1 & ! same tranquillity prevail+ ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,we att5d$ morn+ s]vice at ! ,moravian *apel4 ,not)/&+ ! descriptions we _h he>d ( ! great *ange :i* emancipation _h wr\ght 9 ! obs]vance ( ,*ri/mas1 we 7 q unprep>$ = ! delightful reality ar\nd u4 ,?\gh ?irty ?\s& slaves _h b lately be5 turn$ loose ^u a :ite population ( less ?an ?ree ?\s&6 in/ead ( meet+ ) sc5es ( disord]1 :at 7 ! sights :i* greet$ our eyes8 ,! neat attire1 ! s]i\s demeanor1 & ! ?rong$ procession to ! place ( wor%ip4 ,9 e direction ! roads lead+ into t[n 7 l9$ ) happy be+s--attir$ = ! h\se ( ,god4 ,:5 gr\ps com+ f diff]5t qu>t]s met at ! corn]s1 !y /opp$ a mom5t to ex*ange salutations & %ake h&s1 & !n proce$$ on toge!r4 ,! ,moravian *apel 0 slightly decorat$ ) gre5 bran*es4 ,!y 7 ! only adorn+ :i* m>k$ ! pla9 sanctu>y ( a pla9 p4 ,x 0 cr[d$ ) black & color$ p1 & v _m /ood )\t1 :o c\ld n get 94 ,aft] ! close ( ! s]vice 9 ! *apel1 ! m9i/] proce$$ to ! adjac5t s*ool room1 & prea*$ to ano!r cr[d$ audi5ce4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! ,wesleyan *apel 0 cr[d$ to ov]fl[+4 ,! aisles & communion place 7 full4 ,on all fe/ivals & holidays1 :i* occur on ! ,sabba?1 ! *ur*es & *apels are m ?rong$ ?an on any o!r ,"l's day4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to /ate t !re 0 no in/ance ( a dance or drunk5 riot1 nor wild %\ts ( mir? dur+ ! day4 ,! ,*ri/mas1 in/ead ( break+ 9 ^u ! repose ( ! ,sabba?1 seem$ only to enhance ! usual solemnity ( ! day4 ,! holidays cont9u$ until ! next ,w$nesday morn+1 & ! same ord] prevail$ to ! close ( !m4 ,on ,monday !re 7 religi\s s]vices 9 mo/ ( ! *ur*es & *apels1 :]e sabba?-s*ool addresses1 disc\rses on ! relative duties ( husb& & wife1 & on k9dr$ subjects1 7 deliv]$4 ,an intellig5t g5tleman in=m$ u t ! negroes1 :ile slaves1 us$ to sp5d dur+ ! ,*ri/mas holidays1 ! extra money :i* !y got dur+ ! ye>4 ,n[ !y save x--to buy small tracts ( l& = _! own cultivation4 ,! ,gov]nor in=m$ u t ! police returns did n report a s+le case ( arre/ dur+ ! holidays4 ,he said he _h be5 well acqua9t$ ) ! c\ntry di/ricts ( ,engl&1 he _h also travell$ ext5sively 9 ,europe1 yet he _h nev] f\nd su* a peaceable1 ord]ly1 & law-abid+ p z ^? ( ,antigua4 ,an acqua9tance ( n9e weeks ) ! color$ population ( ,/4 ,john's1 meet+ !m by ! wayside1 9 _! %ops1 9 _! p>lors1 & else:]e1 enables u to pron\nce !m a p ( g5]al intellig5ce1 ref9em5t ( mann]s1 p]sonal accompli%m5ts1 & true polit5ess4 ,z to _! /yle ( dress & mode ( liv+1 7 we dispos$ to make any criticism1 we %\ld say t !y 7 extravagant4 ,9 ref9$ & elevat$ conv]sation1 !y w\ld c]ta9ly be> a comp>ison ) ! :ite families ( ! isl&4 ,,visit ,,to ,,?ib\ ,,j>vis',s ,,e/ate4 ,aft] ! ,*ri/mas holidays 7 ov]1 we resum$ our visits to ! c\ntry4 ,be+ provid$ ) a lett] to ! manag] ( ,?ib\ ,j>vis's e/ate1 ,mr4 ,james ,h[ell1 we embrac$ ! e>lie/ opportunity to call on him4 ,mr4 ,h4 has be5 9 ,antigua = ?irty-six ye>s1 & has be5 a practical plant] dur+ ! :ole ( t "t4 ,he has ! managem5t ( two e/ates1 on :i* !re are m ?an five hundr$ p4 ,! pr9cipal items ( ,mr4 ,h[ell's te/imony w be f\nd 9 ano!r place4 ,9 ?is connection we %all record only miscellane\s /atem5ts ( a local nature4 #a4 ,! sev]ity ( ! dr\ght4 ,he _h be5 9 ,antigua s9ce ! ye> #ahjj1 & he _h nev] kn[n s long a cont9uance ( dry wea!r1 al?\gh ! isl& is subject to sev]e dr\ghts4 ,he /at$ t a field ( yams1 :i* 9 ord9>y seasons yield$ t5 c>t-loads to ! acre1 w\ld n produce ?is ye> m ?an ?ree4 ,! failure 9 ! crops 0 n 9 ! lea/ degree *>geable ^u ! labor]s1 = 9 ! fir/ place1 ! cane plants = ! pres5t crop 7 put 9 e>li] & 9 great] quantities ?an usual1 & until ! dr\ght comm5c$1 ! fields promis$ a l>ge return4 #b4 ,! religi\s condition ( ! negroes1 dur+ slav]y1 0 extremely l[4 ,x seem$ almo/ impossible to tea* !m any high] religion ?an ob$i5ce to _! ma/]s4 ,_! highe/ notion ( ,god 0 t he 0 a little above _! own]4 ,he m5tion$1 by way ( illu/ration1 t ! slaves ( a c]ta9 l>ge proprietor us$ to h ?is say+1 ,massa only want he little f+] to t\* ,god6 t is1 _! ma/] 0 l[] ?an ,god only by ! l5g? ( 8 little f+]4 ,b n[ ! religi\s & moral condition ( ! p 0 fa/ improv+4 #c4 ,a great *ange 9 ! use ( rum _h be5 effect$ on ! e/ates "u 8 managem5t s9ce emancipation4 ,he =m]ly1 9 accordance ) ! preval5t cu/om1 gave 8 p a weekly all[ance ( rum1 & ?is 0 reg>d$ z ess5tial to _! heal? & effectiv5ess4 ,b he has lately discont9u$ ?is altoge!r1 & 8 p _h n suff]$ any inconv5i5ce f x4 ,he gave !m 9 lieu ( ! rum1 an all[ance ( molasses1 ) :i* !y appe>$ to be entirely satisfi$4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,h4 in=m$ ! p ( 8 int5tion to discont9ue ! spirits1 he told !m t he %\ld set !m ! example ( total ab/95ce1 by ab&on+ w9e & malt liquor also1 :i* he accord+ly did4 #d4 ,!re _h be5 mu* less pret5d$ sickness among ! negroes s9ce fre$om4 ,!y _h n[ a /rong av]sion to go+ to ! sick h\se,a1 s mu* s t on _m e/ates x _h be5 put to "s o!r use4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! e/ate hospital1 9 :i*1 dur+ slav]y1 all sick p]sons 7 plac$ = m$ical att5dance & nurs+4 ,!re 0 "o on e e/ate4 ,we 7 tak5 ?r\gh ! negro village1 & %[n ! int]ior ( sev]al h\ses4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ look+ huts 0 decorat$ ) pictures1 pr9t$ c>ds1 & booksell]s' adv]tisem5ts 9 l>ge lett]s4 ,among/ _m ornam5ts ( ?is k9d1 0 an adv]tisem5t n unfamili> to our eyes--,,! ,,girl',s ,,own ,,book4 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,*ild4 ,we g5]ally f\nd ! wom5 at home4 ,"s ( !m _h be5 in=m$ ( our int5tion to visit !m1 & took pa9s to h e ?+ 9 ! be/ ord] = our reception4 ,! negro village on ?is e/ate conta9s "o hundr$ h\ses1 ea* ( :i* is occupi$ by a sep>ate family4 ,mr4 ,h4 next conduct$ u to a neighbor+ field1 :]e ! great gang,b 7 at "w4 ,!re 7 ab\t fifty p]sons 9 ! gang--! majority females--"u two inspectors or sup]9t5d5ts1 m5 :o take ! place ( ! quondam driv]s1 ?\gh _! prov9ce is totally diff]5t4 ,!y m]ely direct ! labor]s 9 _! "w1 employ+ ) ! loit]]s ! /imulus ( p]suasion1 or at f>!/1 no m ?an ! viol5ce ( ! tongue4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! p on mo/ e/ates are divid$ into ?ree gangs2 fir/1 ! great gang1 compos$ ( ! pr9cipal effective m5 & wom52 second1 ! we$+ gang1 consi/+ ( y\ng] & weekly p]sons2 & ?ird1 ! grass gang1 :i* embraces all ! *ildr5 able to "w4 ,mr4 ,h4 reque/$ !m to /op _! "w1 & told !m :o we 71 & z we b[$1 ! m5 took (f _! hats & ! wom5 made a l[ c\rtesy4 ,mr4 ,h[ell !n in=m$ !m t we _h come f ,am]ica1 :]e !re 7 a great _m slaves3 t we _h visit$ ,antigua to see h[ fre$om 0 work+1 & :e!r ! p :o 7 made free on ! fir/ ( ,augu/ 7 do+ well--& add$1 t he hop$ ^! g5tlem5 might be able to c>ry back su* a report z w\ld induce ! ma/]s 9 ,am]ica to set _! slaves free4 ,!y unanim\sly repli$1 ,yes1 massa1 we hope dem w gib um free4 ,we spoke a few words3 told !m ( ! condition ( ! slaves 9 ,am]ica1 urg$ !m to pray = !m t !y might be pati5t "u _! suff]+s1 & t !y might soon be made free4 ,!y repeat$ly promis$ to pray = ! poor slaves 9 ,am]ica4 ,we !n receiv$ _! he>ty ,good bye1 massa1 & return$ to ! h\se1 :ile !y resum$ _! "w4 ,we took leave ( ,mr4 ,h[ell1 grateful = 8 k9d (fices 9 fur!rance ( ! objects ( our mission4 ,we _h n be5 long 9 ,antigua be=e we p]ceiv$ ! di/ress ( ! poor f ! sc>city ( wat]4 ,z !re are b few spr+s 9 ! isl&1 ! sole reliance is ^u ra9 wat]4 ,weal?y families h ci/]ns or tanks 9 _! y>ds1 to receive ! ra9 f ! ro(s4 ,!re are also a few public ci/]ns 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,^! ord9>ily supply ! :ole population4 ,dur+ ! pres5t season _m ( ^! ci/]ns h be5 dry1 & ! supply ( wat] has be5 entirely inadequate to ! wants ( ! p4 ,!re are sev]al l>ge op5 ponds 9 ! vic9ity ( ,/4 ,john's1 :i* are commonly us$ to wat] /ock4 ,!re are "o or m on e e/ate1 = ! same purpose4 ,! poor p 7 oblig$ to use ! wat] f ^! ponds bo? = dr9k+ & cook+ :ile we 7 9 ,antigua4 ,9 tak+ our morn+ walks1 we uni=mly met ! negroes ei!r go+ to1 or return+ f ! ponds1 ) _! l>ge pails balanc$ on _! heads1 happy app>5tly 9 be+ able to get ev5 su* f\l wat]4 ,att5d$ ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,fri5dly ,society1 connect$ ) ! *ur* 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,_m ( ! mo/ respectable citiz5s1 includ+ ! ,gov]nor1 7 pres5t4 ,aft] ! s]vices 9 ! *ur*1 ! society mov$ 9 procession to ! ,rectory s*ool-room4 ,we c\nt$ "o hundr$ males & two hundr$ & sixty females 9 ! procession4 ,hav+ be5 k9dly invit$ by ! ,rector to att5d at ! s*ool-room1 we foll[$ ! procession4 ,we f\nd ! h\se cr[d$ ) wom51 _m o!rs1 besides ^? 9 ! procession1 hav+ conv5$4 ,! m5 7 seat$ )\t "u a canvass1 ext5d$ along "o side ( ! h\se4 ,! :ole numb] pres5t 0 suppos$ to be n9e hundr$4 ,%ort addresses 7 made by ! ,rector1 ! ,ar*deacon1 & ! ,gov]nor4 ,! ,sev5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,society1 drawn up by ! secret>y1 a color$ man1 0 read4 ,x 0 cr$itable to ! au?or4 ,! ,rector 9 8 address affectionally w>n$ ! society1 especially ! female memb]s1 aga9/ extravagance 9 dress4 ,! ,ar*deacon exhort$ !m to dome/ic & conjugal fai?fulness4 ,he allud$ to ! preval5ce ( incon/ancy dur+ pa/ ye>s1 & to ! great improvem5t 9 ?is p>ticul> lately2 & conclud$ by wi%+ !m all a happy new-ye> & _m ( !m1 & a bless$ immortality 9 ! end4 ,= ?is k9d wi% !y return$ a l\d & g5]al ?ankee1 massa4 ,! ,gov]nor !n said1 t he rose m]ely to rem>k1 t ?is society might aid 9 ! emancipation ( millions ( slaves1 n[ 9 bondage 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,a p :o are capable ( =m+ su* societies z ?is among !mselves1 des]ve to be free1 & ought no long] to be held 9 bondage4 ,y1 said he1 are %[+ to ! _w :at ! negro race are capable ( do+4 ,! ,gov]nor's rem>ks 7 receiv$ ) applause4 ,aft] ! addresses ! audi5ce 7 s]v$ ) refre%m5ts1 previ\s to :i* ! ,rector read ! foll[+ l9es1 :i* 7 sung to ! tune ( ,old ,hundr$1 ! :ole congregation /&+4 ,"l at our table n[ appe> ,& bless u "h1 z e :]e2 ,let manna to our s\ls be giv51 ,! bread ( life s5t d[n f heav54 ,! simple refre%m5t 0 !n h&$ r\nd4 ,x consi/$ m]ely ( buns & lemonade4 ,! ,gov]nor & ! ,rector1 ea* drank to ! heal? & happ9ess ( ! memb]s4 ,! l\d response came up f all )9 & all ar\nd ! h\se--?ankee--?ankee--?ankee--massa--?an kee good massa4 ,a sc5e ( animation ensu$4 ,! :ole conc\rse ( black1 color$ & :ite1 f ! humble/ to ! highe/1 f ! unlett]$ appr5tice to ! ,ar*deacon & ! ,gov]nor ( ! isl&1 jo9$ 9 a common fe/ivity4 ,aft] ! repa/ 0 conclud$1 ?anks 7 return$ 9 ! foll[+ v]se1 also sung to ,old ,hundr$4 ,we ?ank !e1 ,"l1 = ?is our food1 ,b bless !e m = ,jesus' blood2 ,let manna to our s\ls be giv51 ,! bread ( life s5t d[n f heav54 ,! b5$iction 0 pron\nc$1 & ! assembly retir$4 ,!re 0 an ag$ negro man pres5t1 :o 0 notic$ ) m>k$ att5tion by ! ,ar*deacon1 ! ,rector & o!r cl]gym54 ,he is sometimes call$ ! ,african ,bi%op4 ,he 0 evid5tly us$ to famili>ity ) ! cl]gy1 & laid 8 h& on _! %\ld]s z he spoke to !m4 ,! old patri>* 0 highly delight$ ) ! sc5e4 ,he said1 :5 he 0 "y he nev] saw no?+1 b s9 & ,satan4 ,n[ ,i j beg9 to live4 ,on ! same occasion ! ,gov]nor rem>k$ to u t ! fir/ ?+ to be done 9 our c\ntry1 t[>d ! removal ( slav]y1 0 to disc>d ! absurd notion t color made any diff]5ce1 intellectually or morally1 among m54 ,all di/9ctions1 said he1 f\nd$ 9 color1 mu/ be aboli%$ ev]y:]e4 ,we %\ld le>n to talk ( m5 n z color$ m51 b z ,,m5 z fell[ citiz5s & fell[ subjects4 ,8 ,excell5cy c]ta9ly %[$ on ?is occasion a disposition to put 9 practice 8 doctr9e4 ,he spoke affectionately to ! *ildr51 & conv]s$ freely ) ! adults4 ,,visit ,,to ,,gre5 ,,ca/le4 ,accord+ to a previ\s engagem5t1 a memb] ( ! assembly call$ & took u 9 8 c>riage to ,gre5 ,ca/le e/ate4 ,gre5 ,ca/le lies ab\t ?ree miles s\?-ea/ f ,/4 ,john's1 & conta9s #idj acres4 ,! mansion /&s on a rocky cliff2 ov]look+ ! e/ate1 & comm&+ a wide view ( ! isl&4 ,9 "o direction spreads a valley1 int]sp]s$ ) fields ( sug>-cane & provisions4 ,9 ano!r /ret*es a range ( hills1 ) _! sides clad 9 culture1 & _! tops cov]$ ) cl\ds4 ,at ! base ( ! rock are ! sug> ,h\ses4 ,on a neighbor+ upl& lies ! negro village1 9 ! re> ( :i* are ! provision gr\nds4 ,samuel ,b]n>d1 ,esq41 ! manag]1 receiv$ u k9dly4 ,he said1 he _h be5 on ! isl& =ty-f\r ye>s1 mo/ ( ! "t engag$ 9 ! managem5t ( e/ates4 ,he is n[ ! manag] ( two e/ates1 & ! attorney = six1 & has lately pur*as$ an e/ate himself4 ,mr4 ,b4 is n[ an ag$ man1 gr[n old 9 ! practice ( slave hold+4 ,he has surviv$ ! wreck ( slav]y1 & n[ /ripp$ ( a tyrant's p[]1 he /ill lives among ! p1 :o 7 lately 8 slaves1 & manages an e/ate :i* 0 once 8 empire4 ,! te/imony ( su* a man is invaluable4 ,he> him4 #a4 ,mr4 ,b4 said1 t ! negroes ?r\gh\t ! isl& 7 v peaceable :5 !y receiv$ _! fre$om4 #b4 ,he said he _h f\nd no difficulty 9 gett+ 8 p to "w aft] !y _h receiv$ _! fre$om4 ,"s e/ates _h suff]$ = a %ort "t2 !re 0 a pretty g5]al fluctuation = a mon? or two1 ! p leav+ "o e/ate & go+ to ano!r4 ,b ?is1 said ,mr4 ,b41 0 *>geable to ! folly ( ! plant]s1 :o ov]bid ea* o!r 9 ord] to secure ! be/ h&s & en\gh ( !m4 ,! negroes _h a /rong atta*m5t to _! homes1 & !y w\ld r>ely ab&on !m unless h>%ly treat$4 #c4 ,he ?\ght t ! assembly act$ v wisely 9 reject+ ! appr5tice%ip4 ,he consid]$ x absurd4 ,x took ! *a9s p>tly f (f ! slave1 & fa/5$ !m on ! ma/]1 & enslav$ !m bo?4 ,x )drew f ! latt] ! p[] ( compell+ labor1 & x suppli$ to ! =m] no inc5tive to indu/ry4 ,he 0 oppos$ to ! measures :i* _m _h adopt$ = fur!r secur+ ! b5efits ( emancipation4--,he ref]r$ p>ticul>ly to ! sy/em ( education :i* n[ prevail$4 ,he ?\ght t ! education ( ! emancipat$ negroes %\ld comb9e indu/ry ) /udy ev5 9 *ildhood1 s z n to disqualify ! taught = cultivat+ ! gr\nd4 ,x w be readily se5 t ?is prejudice aga9/ education1 evid5tly ! rema9s ( 8 atta*m5t to slav]y1 gives additional weight to 8 te/imony4 ,! ,mansion on ! ,rock 7:i* f its elevat$ & almo/ inaccessible position1 & f ! ri* %rubb]y 9 p]petual foliage surr\nd+ x1 v fitly takes ! "n ( ,gre5 ,ca/le7 is memorable z ! sc5e ( ! murd] ( ! pres5t proprietor's gr&fa!r4 ,he refus$ to give 8 slaves holiday on a p>ticul> occasion4 ,!y came sev]al times 9 a body & ask$ = ! holiday1 b he ob/9ately refus$ to grant x4 ,!y ru%$ into 8 b$room1 fell ^u him ) _! hoes1 & kill$ him4 ,on our return to ,/4 ,john's1 we receiv$ a polite note f a color$ lady1 invit+ u to att5d ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,juv5ile ,association1 at elev5 o'clock4 ,we f\nd ab\t =ty *ildr5 assembl$1 ! great] "p ( !m color$ girls1 b "s 7 :ite4 ,! ages ( ^! juv5ile philan?ropi/s v>i$ f f\r to f\rte54 ,aft] s++ & pray]1 ! object ( ! association 0 /at$1 :i* 0 to raise money by sew+1 solicit+ contributions1 & o!rwise1 = *>itable purposes4 ,f ! annual report x appe>$ t ?is 0 ! tw5ty-fir/ anniv]s>y ( ! society4 ,! treasur] report$ ne>ly #fj curr5cy 7or ab\t #aej7 receiv$ & disburs$ dur+ ! ye>4 ,m ?an "o hundr$ doll>s _h be5 giv5 t[>ds ! erection ( ! new ,wesleyan *apel 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,sev]al resolutions 7 pres5t$ by little misses1 expressive ( gratitude to ,god = cont9u$ bless+s1 :i* 7 adopt$ unanim\sly--e *ild hold+ up its "r h& 9 tok5 ( ass5t4 ,aft] ! resolutions & o!r bus9ess 7 despat*$1 ! *ildr5 li/5$ to sev]al addresses f ! g5tlem5 pres5t4 ,! la/ speak] 0 a memb] ( ! assembly4 ,he said t 8 pres5ce !re 0 q accid5tal2 b t he _h be5 amply repaid = com+ by witness+ ! goodly "w to :i* ?is juv5ile society 0 engag$4 ,z !re 0 a male bran* association ab\t to be organiz$1 he begg$ ! privilege ( enroll+ 8 "n z an honor>y memb]1 & promis$ to be a con/ant contributor to its funds4 ,he conclud$ by say+1 t ?\gh he _h n be=e enjoy$ ! happ9ess ( att5d+ _! anniv]s>ies1 he %\ld nev] aga9 fail to be pres5t 7) ! p]mission ( _! wor?y patroness7 at ! future meet+s ( ?is mo/ int]e/+ society4 ,we give ! sub/ance ( ?is address1 z "o ( ! signs ( ! times4 ,! speak] 0 a weal?y m]*ant ( ,/4 ,john's4 ,?is society 0 organiz$ 9 #ahae4 ,! fir/ proposal came f a few little color$ girls1 :o1 aft] he>+ a s]mon on ! bless$ness ( do+ good1 want$ to "k :e!r !y might n h a society = rais+ money to give to ! poor4 ,?is ,juv5ile ,association has1 s9ce its organization1 rais$ ! sum ( f\rte5 hundr$ doll>s6 ,ev5 ?is little association has exp]i5c$ a great impulse f ! free sy/em4 ,f a table ( ! annual receipts s9ce #ahae1 we f\nd t ! am\nt rais$ ! two la/ ye>s1 is ne>ly equal to t receiv$ dur+ any ?ree ye>s be=e4 ,,dr4 ,,daniell--,,wea!rill ,,e/ate4 ,on our return f ,?ib\ ,j>vis's e/ate1 we call$ at ,wea!rill's2 b ! manag]1 ,dr4 ,daniell1 n be+ at home1 we left our names1 ) an intimation ( ! object ( our visit4 ,dr4 ,d4 call$ soon aft] at our lodg+s4 ,z au?ority1 he is unque/ionable4 ,be=e retir+ f ! practice ( m$ic9e1 he /ood at ! head ( 8 pr(ession 9 ! isl&4 ,he is n[ a memb] ( ! c\ncil1 is proprietor ( an e/ate1 manag] ( ano!r1 & attorney = six4 ,! fact t su* m5 z ,dr4 ,d41 b ye/]day l>ge slavehold]s1 & /ill hold+ high civil & political /ations1 %\ld mo/ *e]fully facilitate our anti-slav]y inve/igations1 manife/+ a solicitude to furni% u ) all ! in=mation 9 _! p[]1 is ( itself ! highe/ eulogy ( ! new sy/em4 ,! te/imony ( ,dr4 ,d4 w be f\nd ma9ly 9 a subsequ5t "p ( ! "w4 ,we /ate1 9 pass+1 a few incid5tals4 ,he 0 satisfi$ t imm$iate emancipation 0 bett] policy ?an a tempor>y appr5tice%ip4 ,! appr5tice%ip 0 a middle /ate--kept ! negroes 9 susp5se--vex$ & h>rass$ !m--f$ !m on a />v$ hope2 & !re=e !y w\ld n be s likely1 :5 !y ultimately obta9$ fre$om1 to feel grateful1 & conduct !mselves prop]ly4 ,! reflection t !y _h be5 *eat$ out ( _! lib]ty = six ye>s w\ld s\r _! m9ds4 ,! plant]s 9 ,antigua1 by giv+ imm$iate fre$om1 _h secur$ ! atta*m5t ( _! p4 ,! ,doctor said he did n expect to make m ?an two ?irds ( 8 av]age crop2 b he assur$ u t ?is 0 ow+ solely to ! want ( ra94 ,!re _h be5 no defici5cy ( labor4 ,! crops 7 91 9 season1 ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 & ! e/ates 7 nev] "u bett] cultivation ?an at ! pres5t "t4 ,no?+ 0 want+ b ,,ra9--,,ra94 ,he said t ! ,we/ ,india plant]s 7 v anxi\s to reta9 ! s]vices ( ! negro population4 ,dr4 ,d4 made "s inquiries z to ! ext5t ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & :at 0 do+ = its abolition4 ,he ?\ght t emancipation 9 our c\ntry w\ld n be ! result ( a sl[ process4 ,! anti-slav]y feel+ ( ! civiliz$ _w _h become too /rong to wait = a long c\rse ( prep>ations & ameliorations4 ,& besides1 cont9u$ he1 ! arbitr>y control ( a ma/] c nev] be a prep>ation = fre$om2--s\nd & :olesome legal re/ra9ts are ! only prep>ative4 ,! ,doctor also spoke ( ! absurdity & wick$ness ( ! ca/e ( color :i* prevail$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x 0 ! (fspr+ ( slav]y1 & x mu/ disappe> :5 slav]y is aboli%$4 ,,conv]sation ,,) ,a ,,negro4 ,we _h a conv]sation "o morn+ ) a boatman1 :ile he 0 r[+ u across ! h>bor ( ,/4 ,john's4 ,he 0 a "y negro man4 ,said he 0 a slave until emancipation4 ,we inquir$ :e!r he he>d any ?+ ab\t emancipation be=e x took place4 ,he said1 yes--! slaves he>d ( x1 b x 0 talk$ ab\t s long t _m ( !m lo/ all believem5t 9 x1 got tir$ wait+1 & b\ght _! fre$om2 b he _h m pati5ce1 & got 8 = no?+4 ,we inquir$ ( him1 :at ! negroes did on ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd4 ,he said !y all w5t to *ur* & *apel4 ,d>e 0 m religi\s on dat day dan y c\ld tire (4 ,speak+ ( ! law1 he said x 0 8 fri5d4 ,if !re 0 no law to take 8 "p1 a man1 :o 0 /rong] ?an he1 might /ep up & knock him d[n4 ,b n[ no "o d>e d s2 all 7 afraid ( ! law1--! law w\ld nev] hurt any body :o behav$ well2 b a ma/] w\ld sla% a fell[1 let him d 8 be/4 ,,visit ,,to ,,newfield4 ,drove out to ,newfield1 a ,moravian /ation1 ab\t eight miles f ,/4 ,john's4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,morri%1 ! mission>y at t /ation1 has "u 8 *>ge two ?\s& p4 ,connect$ ) ! /ation is a day s*ool = *ildr51 & a night s*ool = adults twice 9 ea* week4 ,we look$ 9 ^u ! day s*ool1 & f\nd "o hundr$ & fifte5 *ildr54 ,! tea*] & assi/ant 7 color$ p]sons4 ,mr4 ,m4 sup]9t5ds4 ,he 0 j dismiss+ ! s*ool1 by s++ & pray]1 & ! *ildr5 m>*$ out to ! music ( "o ( _! little songs4 ,dur+ ! aft]noon1 ,mr4 ,favey1 manag] ( a neighbor+ e/ate1 7,lavic\nt's17 call$ on u4 ,he spoke ( ! tranquillity ( ! late ,*ri/mas holidays4 ,!y end$ ,tuesday ev5+1 & 8 p 7 all 9 ! field at "w on ,w$nesday morn+--!re 7 no /raggl]s4 ,be+ ask$ to specify ! *ief advantages ( ! new sy/em ov] slav]y1 he /at$ at once ! foll[+ ?+s3 #a/4 ,x 7free labor7 is less exp5sive4 #b;d4 ,x co/s a plant] f> less tr\ble to manage free labor]s1 ?an x did to manage slaves4 #c;d4 ,x _h remov$ all dang] ( insurrection1 conflagration1 & conspiracies4 ,,adult ,,s*ool4 ,9 ! ev5+1 ,mr4 ,morri%'s adult s*ool = wom5 0 held4 ,ab\t ?irty wom5 assembl$ f diff]5t e/ates--"s walk+ sev]al miles4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 j beg9n+ to read4 ,!y _h j begun to le>n some?+ ab\t figures1 & x 0 no small ef=t to add #d & #b toge!r4 ,!y 7 incr$ibly ignorant ab\t ! simple/ matt]s4 ,:5 !y fir/ came to ! s*ool1 !y c\ld n tell :i* 0 _! "r arm or _! "r side1 & !y _h sc>cely ma/]$ t secret1 aft] repeat$ %[+4 ,we 7 a/oni%$ to obs]ve t :5 ,mr4 ,m4 ask$ !m to po9t to _! *eeks1 !y laid _! f+] ^u _! *9s4 ,!y 7 mu* pleas$ ) ! evolutions ( a dumb clock1 :i* ,mr4 ,m4 exhibit$1 b none ( !m c\ld tell ! "t ( day by x4 ,su* is a specim5 ( ! intellig5ce ( ! ,antigua negroes4 ,mr4 ,m4 told u t !y 7 a pretty fair sample ( ! c\ntry negroes g5]ally4 ,x surely _c be said t !y 7 uncommonly well prep>$ = fre$om2 yet ) all _! ignorance1 & ) ! m]e/ infantile /ate ( intellect1 !y prove ! peaceable subjects ( law4 ,t !y h a great desire to le>n1 is manife/ f _! com+ su* di/ances1 aft] work+ 9 ! field all day4 ,! s*ool :i* !y att5d has be5 e/abli%$ s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,! next morn+1 we visit$ ! day s*ool4 ,x 0 op5$ ) s++ & pray]4 ,! *ildr5 knelt & repeat$ ! ,"l's ,pray] aft] ,mr4 ,m4 ,!y !n =m$ into a l9e & m>*$ ar\nd ! room1 s++ & keep+ ! /ep4 ,a t9y little "o1 j beg9n+ to walk1 occasionally /raggl$ out ( ! l9e4 ,! next *ild1 n a little displeas$ ) su* disord]ly movem5ts1 repeat$ly seiz$ ! /raggl] by ! frock1 & pull$ h] into ! ranks2 b f9ally despair$ ( r$uc+ h] to subord9ation4 ,:5 ! *ildr5 _h tak5 _! seats1 ,mr4 ,m41 at our reque/1 ask$ all ^? :o 7 free be=e ,augu/1 #ahcd1 to rise4 ,only "o girl arose1 & %e 0 9 no way di/+ui%able f a :ite *ild4 ,! fir/ ex]cise1 0 an exam9ation ( a passage ( scripture4 ,! *ildr5 7 !n que/ion$ on ! simple rules ( addition & subtraction1 & _! answ]s 7 prompt & accurate4 ,,dr4 ,,nug5t4 ,! h\r hav+ arriv$ :5 we 7 to visit a neighbor+ e/ate1 ,mr4 ,m4 k9dly accompani$ u to ,lyon's1 ! e/ate ^u :i* ,dr4 ,nug5t resides4 ,9 respect to g5]al intellig5ce1 sci5tific acquirem5ts1 & agricultural k1 no man 9 ,antigua /&s high] ?an ,dr4 ,nug5t4 ,he has long be5 speak] ( ! h\se ( assembly1 & is favorably kn[n 9 ,europe z a geologi/ & man ( sci5ce4 ,he is manag] ( ! e/ate on :i* he resides1 & proprietor ( ano!r4 ,! ,doctor in=m$ u t ! crop on 8 e/ate _h almo/ totally fail$1 on acc\nt ( ! dr\ght--be+ r$uc$ f "o hundr$ & fifty hog%eads1 ! av]age crop1 to fifte56 ,8 provision gr\nds _h yield$ almo/ no?+4 ,! same soil :i* ord9>ily produc$ t5 c>t-loads ( yams to ! acre--! pres5t season b>ely av]ag$ "o load to t5 acres6 ,yams 7 r$uc$ f ! dim5sions ( a man's head1 to ! size ( a radi%4 ,! cattle 7 dy+ f want ( wat] & grass4 ,he _h himself lo/ five ox5 )9 ! pa/ week4 ,previ\s to emancipation1 said ! ,doctor1 no man 9 ! isl& d>$ to av[ anti-slav]y s5tim5ts1 if he wi%$ to ma9ta9 a respectable /&+4 ,plant]s might h _! hopes & aspirations2 b !y c\ld n make !m public )\t incurr+ g5]al odium1 & be+ d5\nc$ z ! enemies ( _! c\ntry4 ,9 allusion to ! motives :i* prompt$ ! legislature to reject ! appr5tice%ip & adopt imm$iate emancipation1 ,dr4 ,n4 said1 ,:5 we saw t abolition 0 inevitable1 we began1 to inquire :at w\ld be ! safe/ c\rse = gett+ rid ( slav]y4 ,we wi%$ to let ourselves d[n 9 ! easie/ mann] possible--,,!re=e ,,we ,,*ose ,,imm$iate ,,emancipation6 ,^! 7 8 words4 ,on return+ to ! hospitable mansion ( ,mr4 ,morri%1 we _h an opportunity ( witness+ a cu/om peculi> to ! ,moravians4 ,x is call$ 'speak+4' ,all ! memb]s ( ! *ur* are requir$ to call on ! mission>y once a mon?1 & p>ticul> days are appropriat$ to x4 ,!y come s+ly or 9 small companies1 & ! m9i/] conv]ses ) ea* individual4 ,mr4 ,m4 manife/$ great fai?fulness 9 ?is duty4 ,he 0 affectionate 9 mann]--ent]$ into all ! m9utiae ( individual & family affairs1 & advis$ ) !m z a fa!r ) 8 *ildr54 ,we _h an opportunity ( conv]s+ ) "s ( ^? :o came4 ,we ask$ "o old man :at he did on ! ,fir/ ( ,augu/8,a ,8 reply 01 ,massa1 we w5t to *ur*1 & tank de ,"l = make a we all free4 ,footnote ,a3 ,by ?is phrase ! fre$ p always und]/& ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 :5 slav]y 0 aboli%$4 ,an ag$ infirm woman said to u1 among o!r ?+s1 ,s9ce de free come de massa give me no--no1 no?+ to eat--gets all f my c\s9s4 ,we next conv]s$ ) two m51 :o 7 masons on an e/ate4 ,be+ ask$ h[ !y lik$ lib]ty1 !y repli$1 ,o1 x v com=table1 ,sir--v com=table inde$4 ,!y said1 t on ! day :5 fre$om came1 !y 7 z happy1 z ?\gh !y _h j be5 go+ to heav54 ,!y said1 n[ !y _h got free1 !y nev] w\ld be slaves aga94 ,!y 7 ask$ if !y w\ld n be will+ to sell !mselves to a man :o w\ld treat !m well4 ,!y repli$ imm$iately t !y w\ld be v will+ to s]ve su* a man1 b !y w\ld n sell !mselves to ! be/ p]son 9 ! _w6 ,:at f9e logicians a slave's exp]i5ce _h made ^! m56 ,)\t any ef=t !y /ruck out a di/9ction1 :i* has puzzl$ le>n$ m5 9 *ur* & /ate1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 s]v+ a man & be+ 8 prop]ty4 ,be+ ask$ h[ !y conduct$ !mselves on ! #a/ ( ,augu/ !y said !y _h no frolick+1 b !y all w5t to *ur* to tank ,god = make a we free4 ,!y said1 !y 7 v desir\s to h _! *ildr5 le>n all !y c\ld :ile !y 7 "y4 ,we ask$ !m if !y did n fe> t _! *ildr5 w\ld become lazy if !y w5t to s*ool all ! "t4 ,"o said1 %rewdly1 ,eh6 nebb] m9d--dey come to by'm by--belly 'blige 'em to "w4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,mr4 ,m4 held a religi\s meet+ 9 ! *apel2 ! weekly meet+ = exhortation4 ,he /at$ to ! p ! object ( our visit1 & reque/$ "o ( u to say a few words4 ,accord+ly1 a %ort "t 0 occupi$ 9 /at+ ! numb] ( slaves 9 ,am]ica1 & 9 expla9+ _! condition1 physical1 moral1 & spiritual2 & ! congregation 7 urg$ to pray = ! deliv]ance ( ! millions ( our bondm54 ,!y manife/$ mu* sympa?y1 & promis$ repeat$ly to pray t !y might be free l we4 ,at ! close ( ! meet+ !y press$ ar\nd u to say h[dy1 massa2 & :5 we left ! *apel1 !y %[]$ a ?\s& bless+s ^u u4 ,sev]al ( !m1 m5 & wom51 ga!r$ ab\t ,mr4 ,m4's door aft] we w5t 91 & wi%$ to talk ) u4 ,! m5 7 me*anics1 =em51 & wat*m52 ! wom5 7 nurses4 ,dur+ our int]view1 :i* la/$ ne>ly an h\r1 ^! p]sons rema9$ /&+4 ,:5 we ask$ !m h[ !y lik$ fre$om1 & :e!r x 0 bett] ?an slav]y1 !y answ]$ ) a significant umph & a %rug ( ! %\ld]s1 z ?\gh !y w\ld say1 ,:y y ask dat "q1 massa8 ,!y said1 all ! p w5t to *apel on ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 to tank ,god = make su* poor undes]v+ s9n]s z we free2 we no nebb] expect to hab x4 ,b x please de ,"l to gib we free1 & we tank him good ,"l = x4 ,we ask$ !m if !y ?\ght ! wages !y got 7a %ill+ p] day1 or ab\t elev5 c5ts17 0 en\gh = !m4 ,!y said x seem$ to be v small1 & x 0 z mu* z !y c\ld d to get along ) x2 b !y c\ld n get any m1 & !y _h to be satify & cont54 ,z x grew late & ! good p _h f> to walk1 we %ook h&s ) !m1 & bade !m good bye1 tell+ !m we hop$ to meet !m aga9 9 a _w :]e all w\ld be free4 ,! next morn+ ,mr4 ,m4 accompani$ u to ! resid5ce ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,jones1 ! rector ( ,/4 ,phillip's4 ,mr4 ,j4 in=m$ u t ! plant]s 9 t "p ( ! isl& 7 gratifi$ ) ! work+ ( ! new sy/em4 ,he allud$ to ! prejudices ( "s aga9/ hav+ ! *ildr5 educat$1 le/ x %\ld fo/] indol5ce4 ,b1 said ,mr4 ,j41 ! plant]s h always be5 oppos$ to improvem5ts1 until !y 7 effect$1 & _! good results began to be manife/4 ,!y fir/ insi/$ t ! abolition ( ! slave-trade w\ld ru9 ! colonies--next ! abolition ( slav]y 0 to be ! c]ta9 de/ruction ( ! isl&s--& n[ ! education ( *ildr5 is deprecat$ z fraught ) disa/r\s consequ5ces4 ,,frey',s ,,e/ate--,,mr4 ,,hatley4 ,mr4 ,morri% accompani$ u to a neighbor+ e/ate call$ ,frey's1 :i* lies on ! road f ,newfield to ,engli% ,h>bor4 ,mr4 ,hatley1 ! manag]1 %[$ an en?usia/ic admiration ( ! new sy/em4 ,mo/ ( 8 te/imony w be f\nd 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,he said1 t ow+ to ! dry wea!r he %\ld n make "o ?ird ( 8 av]age crop4 ,yet 8 p _h act$ _! "p well4 ,he _h be5 enc\rag$ by _! improv$ indu/ry & effici5cy1 to br+ into cultivation l&s t _h nev] be=e be5 till$4 ,x 0 delightful to witness ! *ange :i* _h be5 wr\ght 9 ?is plant] by ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,al?\gh accu/om$ = ye>s to comm& a hundr$ human be+s ) absolute au?ority1 he c\ld rejoice 9 ! fact t 8 p[] 0 wre/$ f him1 & :5 ask$ to specify ! advantages ( fre$om ov] slav]y1 he nam$ emphatically & above all o!rs ! abolition ( flogg+4 ,=m]ly1 he said1 x 0 :ip--:ip--:ip--incessantly1 b n[ we are reliev$ f ?is disagreeable task4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,consul ,we call$ on ! ,am]ican ,consul1 ,mr4 ,higg9bo?am1 at 8 c\ntry resid5ce1 ab\t f\r miles f ,/4 ,john's4 ,%ortly aft] we rea*$ 8 elevat$ & picturesque seat1 we 7 jo9$ by ,mr4 ,cran/\n1 a plant]1 :o _h be5 invit$ to d9e ) u4 ,mr4 ,c4 is a color$ g5tleman4 ,! ,consul receiv$ him 9 su* a mann] z pla9ly %[$ t !y 7 on t]ms ( intimacy4 ,mr4 ,c4 is a g5tleman ( intellig5ce & respectability1 & occupies a /ation ( tru/ & honor 9 ! isl&4 ,on tak+ leave ( u1 he politely reque/$ our company at breakfa/ on a foll[+ morn+1 say+1 he w\ld s5d 8 gig = u4 ,at ! urg5t reque/ ( ,mr4 ,b\rne1 ( ,mill]'s1 we cons5t$ to address ! p ( 8 e/ate1 on ,sabba? ev5+4 ,he s5t 9 8 gig = u 9 ! aft]noon1 & we drove out4 ,at ! appo9t$ h\r we w5t to ! place ( meet+4 ,! *apel 0 cr[d$ ) att5tive li/5]s4 ,:5ev] allusions 7 made to ! gr\t bless+s :i* ,god _h conf]r$ ^u !m 9 deliv]+ !m f bondage1 ! audi5ce he>tily respond$ 9 _! r\gh b e>ne/ way to ! s5tim5ts express$4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! meet+1 !y gradually )drew1 b[+ or c\rtesy+ z !y pass$ u1 & dropp+ ^u our e> _! g5tle good bye1 massa4 ,dur+ slav]y e e/ate _h its dungeon = refractory slaves4 ,j z we 7 leav+ ,mill]'s1 me ask$ ,mr4 ,b4 :at _h become ( ^! dungeons4 ,he in/antly repli$1 ,i'll %[ y "o1 ,9 a few mom5ts we /ood at ! door ( ! old prison1 a small /one build+1 /rongly built1 ) two cells4 ,x 0 a dismal look+ d51 surr\nd$ by /ables1 pig-/yes1 & cattlep5s4 ,! door 0 (f its h+es1 & ! entrance p>tly fill$ up ) mason "w4 ,! %eep & goats w5t 9 & out at pleasure4 ,we breakfa/$ "o morn+ at ! ,villa e/ate1 :i* lies )9 half a mile ( ,/4 ,john's4 ,! manag] 0 less sangu9e 9 8 views ( emancipation ?an ! plant]s g5]ally4 ,we 7 dispos$ to ?9k t1 7 x n = ! =ce ( public s5tim5t1 he might decl>e himself aga9/ x4 ,8 feel+s are easily acc\nt$ =4 ,! e/ate is situat$ s ne> ! t[n2 t 8 p are assail$ by a v>iety ( temptations to leave _! "w2 f :i* ^? on o!r e/ates are exempt4 ,! manag] admitt$ t ! dang] ( insurrection 0 remov$--crime 0 less5$--& ! moral condition ( society 0 rapidly improv+4 ,a few days aft]1 we w5t by invitation to a baza>1 or fair1 :i* 0 held 9 ! c\rt-h\se 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,! avails 7 to be appropriat$ to ! build+ ( a new ,wesleyan *apel 9 ! t[n4 ,! c\ncil *amb] & ! assembly's call 7 giv5 = ! purpose4 ,! =m] spaci\s room 0 cr[d$ ) p ( e class & complexion4 ,! fair 0 got up by ! color$ memb]s ( ! ,wesleyan *ur*2 nev]!less1 "s ( ! fir/ ladies & g5tlem5 9 t[n att5d$ x1 & m+l$ promiscu\sly 9 ! ?rong4 ,weal?y proprietors1 lawy]s legislators1 milit>y (fic]s 9 _! uni=m1 m]*ants1 etc4 swell$ ! cr[d4 ,we recognis$ a numb] ( ladies :om we _h previ\sly met at a fa%ionable d9n] 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,color$ ladies presid$ at ! tables1 & be=e !m 0 spread a pr(usion ( ri* fancy articles4 ,among a small numb] ( books exhibit$ = sale 7 sev]al copies ( a "w entitl$ ,,commemorative ,,wrea?1 be+ a collection ( poetical pieces relat+ to ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,,visit ,,to ,,mr4 ,,cran/\n',s4 ,on ! foll[+ morn+ ,mr4 ,c4's gig came = u1 & we drove out to 8 resid5ce4 ,we 7 met at ! door by ! ,am]ican ,consul1 :o breakfa/$ ) u4 ,:5 he _h tak5 leave1 ,mr4 ,c4 propos$ t we %\ld g ov] 8 gr\nds4 ,to rea* ! e/ate1 :i* lies 9 a beautiful valley f> bel[ ,mr4 ,c4's m\nta9\s resid5ce1 we 7 oblig$ to g on foot by a n>r[ pa? t w\nd along ! sides ( ! precipit\s hills4 ,?is e/ate is ! prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,a?ill1 a color$ g5tleman n[ resid+ 9 ,engl&4 ,mr4 ,a4 is po/-ma/] g5]al ( ,antigua1 "o ( ! fir/ m]*ants 9 ,/4 ,john's1 & 0 a memb] ( ! assembly until ! close ( #ahcf1 :51 on acc\nt ( 8 cont9u$ abs5ce1 he resign$ 8 seat4 ,a high-born :ite man1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 n[ occupies ! same *air :i* ?is color$ memb] vacat$4 ,mr4 ,c4 0 =m]ly attorney = sev]al e/ates1 is n[ ag5t = a numb] ( !m1 & also a magi/rate4 ,he rem>k$1 t s9ce emancipation ! nocturnal disord]s & qu>rels 9 ! negro villages1 :i* 7 incessant dur+ slav]y1 _h ne>ly ceas$4 ,! p 7 ready & will+ to "w4 ,he _h frequ5tly giv5 8 gang jobs1 in/ead ( pay+ !m by ! day4 ,?is _h prov$ a ge> /imulant to indu/ry1 & ! "w ( ! e/ate 0 p]=m$ s mu* quick] by ?is plan t x 0 less exp5sive ?an daily wages4 ,:5 !y _h jobs giv5 !m1 !y w\ld sometimes g to "w by ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & "w by moonlight4 ,:5 ! moon 0 n %9+1 he _h kn[n !m to k9dle fires among ! tra% or dry cane leaves to "w by4 ,!y w\ld !n cont9ue work+ all day until f\r o clock1 /opp+ only = breakfa/1 & disp5s+ ) ! usual int]mission f twelve to two4 ,we reque/$ him to /ate briefly :at 7 9 8 e/imation ! advantages ( ! free sy/em ov] slav]y4 ,he repli$ ?us3 #a/4 ,! dim9i%$ exp5se ( free labor4 #b;d4 ,! abs5ce ( co]cion4 #c;d4 ,! great] facility 9 manag+ an e/ate4 ,manag]s _h n half ! p]plexity & tr\ble 9 wat*+1 driv+1 c4 ,!y c\ld leave ! affairs ( ! e/ate 9 ! h&s ( ! p ) safety4 #d?4 ,! fre$om f dang]4 ,!y _h n[ put away all fe>s ( insurrections1 robb]y1 & inc5di>ism4 ,!re are two reflections :i* ! p]usal ( ^! items w probably sugge/ to mo/ m9ds3 #a/4 ,! co9cid5ce 9 ! replies ( diff]5t plant]s to ! "q--,:at are ! advantages ( fre$om ov] slav]y8 ,^! replies are almo/ id5tically ! same 9 e case1 ?\gh giv5 by m5 :o reside 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! isl&1 & h little communication ) ea* o!r4 #b;d4 ,!y all speak exclusively ( ! advantages to ! ma/]1 & say no?+ ( ! b5efit accru+ to ! emancipat$4 ,we are at "s loss to decide :e!r ?is arose f indiff]5ce to ! int]e/s ( ! emancipat$1 or f a conviction t ! bless+s ( fre$om to !m 7 self-evid5t & ne$$ no specification4 ,:ile we 7 9 ! boil+-h\se we witness$ a sc5e :i* illu/rat$ "o ( ! b5efits ( fre$om to ! slave2 x came q opportunely1 & suppli$ ! defici5cy 9 ! manag]'s enum]ation ( advantages4 ,! head boil] 0 p]=m+ ! "w ( '/rik+ (f2' i4e4 ( remov+ ! liquor1 aft] x _h be5 suffici5tly boil$1 f ! copp] to ! cool]s4 ,! liquor _h be5 tak5 out ( ! boil] by ! skipp]1 & !nce 0 be+ conduct$ to ! cool]s by a long op5 sp\t4 ,by "s means ! sp\t became *oak$1 & ! liquor began to run ov]4 ,mr4 ,c4 ord]$ ! man to let d[n ! valve1 b he became confus$1 & in/ead ( lett+ g ! /r+ :i* lift$ ! valve1 he pull$ on x ! m4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ! liquor p\r$ ov] ! sides ( ! sp\t 9 a torr5t4 ,! manag] scream$ at ! top ( 8 voice--let d[n ! valve1 let x d[n6 ,b ! poor man1 m & m fright5$1 hoi/$ x /ill high]1--& ! preci\s liquid--pure sug>--spread 9 a ?ick %eet ov] ! e>!n floor4 ,! manag] at la/ sprang =w>d1 ?ru/ aside ! man1 & /opp$ ! mis*ief1 b n until _m gallons ( sug> 7 lo/4 ,su* an accid5t z ?is1 occurr+ dur+ slav]y1 w\ld h co/ ! negro a sev]e flogg+4 ,z x 01 h[ev]1 9 ! pres5t case1 al?\gh ,mr4 ,c4 'look$ dagg]s1' & exclaim$ by ! work+s ( 8 c\nt5ance1 'a k+dom = a cat1',a yet ! sev]e/ ?+ :i* he c\ld say 01 ,y bungl+ fell[--if y c't manage bett] ?an ?is1 ,i %all put "s o!r p]son 9 y\r place--t's all4 ',t's ,,all' inde$1 b x w\ld n h be5 all1 ?ree ye>s ago4 ,! negro repli$ to 8 *id+s 9 a humble way1 say+ ',i c\ldn't help x1 sir1 ,i c\ldn't help x' ,mr4 ,c4 f9ally turn$ to u1 & said 9 a calm] tone1 ,! poor fell[ got confus$1 & 0 fright5$ half to dea?4 ,footnote ,a3 ,a species ( :ip1 well "k 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,,visit ,,to ,,grace ,,bay4 ,we made a visit to ! ,moravian settlem5t at ,grace ,bay1 :i* is on ! opposite side ( ! isl&4 ,we call$1 9 pass+1 at ,c$> ,hall1 a ,moravian e/abli%m5t f\r miles f t[n4 ,mr4 ,newby1 "o ( ! mission>ies /ation$ at ?is place1 is ! olde/ prea*] ( ! ,gospel 9 ! isl&4 ,he has be5 9 ,antigua = tw5ty-sev5 ye>s4 ,he is q ( ! old way ( ?9k+ on all subjects1 especially ! div9e "r ( k+s1 & ! scriptural sanction ( slav]y4 ,nev]!less1 he 0 p]suad$ t emancipation _h be5 a great bless+ to ! isl& & to all p>ties conc]n$4 ,:5 he fir/ came to ,antigua 9 #ahji1 he 0 n suff]$ to tea* ! slaves4 ,aft] "s "t he v5tur$ to keep an ev5+ s*ool 9 a secret way4 ,n[ !re is a day s*ool ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty *ildr5 connect$ ) ! /ation4 ,x has be5 =m$ s9ce emancipation4 ,f ,c$> ,hail we proce$$ to ,grace ,bay4 ,on ! way we met "s negro m5 at "w on ! road1 & /opp$ our *aise to *at ) !m4 ,!y told u t !y liv$ on ,h>vey's e/ate1 :i* !y po9t$ out to u4 ,be=e emancipation t e/ate _h f\r hundr$ slaves on x1 b a great numb] _h s9ce left because ( ill usage dur+ slav]y4 ,!y w\ld n live on ! e/ate1 because ! same manag] rema9$1 & !y c\ld n tru/ him4 ,!y told u !y 7 ,moravians1 & t on ! fir/ ( ,augu/ !y all w5t to ! ,moravian *apel at ,grace ,bay1 'to tank & praise de good ,savior = make a we free4' ,we ask$ !m if !y /ill lik$ lib]ty2 !y said1 ,yes1 massa1 we all q pr\d to be free4 ,! negroes use ! ^w pr\d to express a /rong feel+ ( delight4 ,"o man said1 ,"o morn+ z ,i 0 walk+ along ! road all alone1 ,i pray$ t ! ,savior w\ld make me free1 = !n ,i c\ld be s happy4 ,i don't "k :at made me pray s1 = ,i wasn't look+ = de free2 b please massa1 9 "o mon? de free come4 ,!y decl>$ t !y work$ a great deal bett] s9ce emancipation1 because !y 7 paid = x4 ,to be sure1 said !y1 we get v little wages1 b x is bett] ?an none4 ,!y repeat$ x aga9 & aga91 t m5 c\ld n be made to "w well by flogg+ !m1 x 0 no use to try x4 ,we ask$ "o ( ! m51 :e!r he w\ld n be will+ to be a slave aga9 provid$ he 0 sure ( hav+ a k9d ma/]4 ,heigh6 me massa1 said he1 me neb] slave no m4 ,a good massa a v good t+1 b fre$om till bett]4 ,!y said t x 0 a great bless+ to !m to h _! *ildr5 g to s*ool4 ,aft] gett+ !m to %[ u ! way to ,grace ,bay1 we bade !m good bye4 ,we 7 welcom$ at ,grace ,bay by ! mission>y1 & 8 wife1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,mhne4,b ,! place :]e ^! mission>ies reside is a beautiful spot4 ,_! dwell+-h\se & ! *apel are situat$ on a high promontory1 almo/ surr\nd$ by ! sea4 ,a range ( tall hills 9 ! re> cuts (f ! view ( ! isl&1 giv+ to ! mission>y /ation an air ( lonel9ess & seclusion truly impressive4 ,9 ?is seque/]$ spot1 ! f\nd ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,m4 liv+ alone4 ,!y in=m$ u t !y r>ely h :ite visit]s1 b _! h\se is ! con/ant resort ( ! negroes1 :o ga!r !re aft] ! toil ( ! day to 'speak' ab\t _! s\ls4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,m4 are :olly engross$ 9 _! labors ( love4 ,!y f9d _! happ9ess 9 lead+ _! num]\s flock by ! /ill wat]s & ! gre5 pa/ures ( salvation4 ,occupi$ 9 ?is delightful "w1 !y covet n o!r employm5ts1 nor o!r company1 & desire no o!r e>?ly abode ?an _! own little hill-embosom$1 sea-girt mission>y home4 ,footnote ,b3 ,pron\nc$ ,maynuh4 ,!re are a ?\s& p belong+ to ! *ur* at ?is /ation1 ea* ( :om1 ! mission>ies see once e mon?4 ,a day s*ool has be5 lately e/abli%$1 & "o hundr$ *ildr5 are already 9 att5dance4 ,aft] d9n] we walk$ out accompani$ by ! mission>ies to enjoy ! beautiful sunset4 ,x is "o ( ! few h>mless luxuries ( a ,we/ ,india climate1 to g =? aft] ! heat ( ! day is sp5t & ! sun is s9k+ 9 ! sea1 & enjoy ! refre%+ coolness ( ! air4 ,! ocean /ret*$ be=e u1 motionless aft] ! turmoil ( ! day1 l a *ild :i* has rock$ itself asleep1 yet indicat+ by its mighty brea?+s z x heav$ along ! bea*1 t x only slumb]$4 ,z ! sun w5t d[n1 ! full moon arose1 only less lum9\s1 & gradually ! />s began to light up _! beam+ fires4 ,! "w ( ! day n[ be+ ov]1 ! we>y labor]s 7 se5 com+ f diff]5t directions to h a 'speak' ) ! mission>ies4 ,mr4 ,m4 /at$ a fact illu/rative ( ! influ5ce ( ! mission>ies ov] ! negroes4 ,"s "t ago1 ! labor]s on a c]ta9 e/ate became dissatisfi$ ) ! wages !y 7 receiv+1 & refus$ to "w unless !y 7 increas$4 ,! manag] tri$ 9 va9 to reconcile 8 p to ! grievance ( :i* !y compla9$1 & !n s5t to ,mr4 ,m41 reque/+ him to visit ! e/ate1 & use 8 influ5ce to p]suade ! negroes1 mo/ ( :om belong$ to 8 *ur*1 to "w at ! usual t]ms4 ,mr4 ,m4 s5t ^w to ! manag] t x 0 n 8 prov9ce1 z m9i/]1 to int]f]e ) ! affairs ( any e/ate2 b he w\ld talk ) ! p ab\t x individually1 :5 !y came to 'speak4' ,accord+ly he spoke to ea* "o1 z he came1 9 a k9d mann]1 advis+ him to return to 8 "w1 & live z =m]ly4 ,9 a %ort "t peace & confid5ce 7 re/or$1 & ! :ole gang to a man 7 9 ! field4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,m4 /at$ t not)/&+ ! v l[ rate ( wages1 :i* 0 sc>cely suffici5t to support life1 !y _h nev] se5 a s+le individual :o desir$ to return to ! condition ( a slave4 ,ev5 ! old & infirm1 :o 7 sometimes really 9 a suff]+ /ate f neglect ( ! plant]s & f inability ( _! relatives adequately to provide = !m1 express$ ! livelie/ gratitude = ! great bless+ :i* ! ,savior _h giv5 !m4 ,!y w\ld (t5 say to ,mrs4 ,m4 ,:y1 ,missus1 old s9n] j s9k9 9 de grave1 b ,god let me old eyes see dis bless$ sun4 ,! mission>ies affirm$ t ! negroes 7 an affectionate p--rem>kably s4 ,any k9dness %[n !m by a :ite p]son1 0 treasur$ up & nev] =gott54 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! slighte/ neglect or contempt f a :ite p]son1 0 ke5ly felt4 ,!y are v fond ( say+ 'h[dy' to :ite p2 b if ! salutation is n return$1 or notic$ k9dly1 !y are n likely to repeat x to ! same individual4 ,to %ake h&s ) a :ite p]son is a gratification :i* !y highly prize4 ,mrs4 ,m4 pleasantly rem>k$1 t aft] s]vice on ,sabba?1 %e 0 usually we>i$ out ) say+ h[dy1 & %ak+ h&s4 ,dur+ ! ev5+ we _h "s conv]sation ) two m5 :o came to 'speak4' ,!y spoke ab\t ! bless+s ( lib]ty1 & _! gratitude to ,god = mak+ !m free4 ,!y spoke also1 ) deep feel+1 ( ! /ill great] importance ( be+ free f s94 ,t1 !y said1 0 bett]4 ,heav5 0 ! fir/ be/1 & fre$om 0 ! next be/4 ,!y gave u "s acc\nt1 9 ! c\rse ( ! ev5+1 ( an ag$ sa9t call$ ,gr&fa!r ,jacob1 :o liv$ on a neighbor+ e/ate4 ,he _h be5 a help],a 9 ! ,moravian *ur*1 until he became too infirm to dis*>ge ! duties connect$ ) t /ation4 ,be+ = ! same reason dis*>g$ f labor on ! e/ate1 he n[ occupi$ himself 9 giv+ religi\s in/ruction to ! o!r sup]annuat$ p on ! e/ate4 ,footnote ,a3 ,an (fice some:at simil> to t ( deacon ,mrs4 ,m4 said x w\ld con/itute an era 9 ! life ( ! old man1 if he c\ld h an int]view ) two /rang]s f a di/ant l&2 accord+ly1 %e s5t a s]vant to ask him to come to ! mission-h\se e>ly ! next morn+4 ,! old man 0 prompt to obey ! call4 ,he left home1 z he said1 'be=e ! gun fire'--ab\t five o'clock--& came ne>ly ?ree miles on foot4 ,he 0 ( a sl5d] =m1 & _h be5 tall1 b age & slav]y _h b[$ him d[n4 ,he %ook u by ! h& v w>mly1 exclaim+1 ,god bless y1 ,god bless y--me b]y glad to see y4 ,he imm$iately comm5c$ giv+ u an acc\nt ( 8 conv]sion4 ,said he1 putt+ 8 h& on 8 brea/1 ,y see old ,jacob8 de old s9n] use to g on dr9k9'1 swe>9'1 danc9'1 fight9'6 ,no ,god-- no ,savior--no s\l6 ,:5 old ,engl& & de ,m]ica fall out de fir/ "t1 old ,jacob 0 a man--a wick$ s9n]6--dr9k rum1 fight--love to fight6 ,c>ry c(f9 to de grabe on me head2 put dead body "u gr\nd--dance ov] x--d5 fight & knock man d[n--g 'way1 dr9k rum1 d5 take de fiddle4 ,& s me w5t on1 j s1 till me get sick & go+ to die--?\ght :5 me die1 dat be de end ( me2--d5 de ,savior come to me6 ,jacob love de ,savior1 & be5 foll[9' de good ,savior ev] s9ce4 ,he cont9u$ 8 /ory1 describ+ ! opposition he _h to cont5d )1 & ! sacrifices he made to g to *ur*4 ,aft] work+ on ! e/ate till six o'clock at night1 he & sev]al o!rs w\ld ea* take a l>ge /one on 8 head & />t = ,/4 ,john's2 n9e miles ov] ! hills4 ,!y c>ri$ ! /ones to aid is build+ ! ,moravian *apel at ,spr+ ,g>d51 ,/4 ,john's4 ,aft] he _h f9i%$ ?is acc\nt1 he read to u1 9 a highly animat$ /yle1 "s ( ! hymns :i* he taught to ! old p1 & !n sung "o ( !m4 ,^! ex]cises caus$ ! old man's he>t to burn )9 him1 & aga9 he ran ov] 8 pa/ life1 8 e>ly wick$ness1 & ! grace t snat*$ him f ru91 :ile ! m+l$ tides ( gratitude bur/ =? f he>t1 & eyes1 & tongue4 ,:5 we turn$ 8 att5tion to ! temporal fre$om he _h receiv$1 he in/antly caught ! ^w ,,free1 & exclaim$ vehem5tly1 ,o yes1 me ,massa--dat is anod] k9d bless9 f de ,savior6 ,him make we all free4 ,c nev] praise him too mu* = dat4 ,we inquir$ :e!r he 0 n[ provid$ = by ! manag]4 ,he said he 0 n--nev] receiv$ any ?+ f him--8 *ildr5 support$ him4 ,we !n ask$ him :e!r x 0 n bett] to be a slave if he c\ld get food & clo?+1 ?an to be free & n h en\gh4 ,he d>t$ 8 quick eye at u & said 'rad] be free /ill4' ,he _h be5 sev]ely flogg$ twice s9ce 8 conv]sion1 = leav+ 8 po/ z wat*man to bury ! dead4 ,! m9i/] 0 sick1 & he 0 appli$ to1 9 8 capacity ( help]1 to p]=m fun]al rites1 & he left 8 wat* to d x4 ,he said1 8 heav5ly ,ma/] call$ him1 & he w\ld g ?\gh he expect$ a flogg+4 ,he mu/ s]ve 8 ,savior :atev] come4 ,c't put we 9 dungeon n[1 said ,gr&fa!r ,jacob ) a triumphant look4 ,:5 told t !re 7 slaves 9 ,am]ica1 & t !y 7 n yet emancipat$1 he exclaim$1 ,ah1 de ,savior make we free1 & he w make dem free too4 ,he come to ,antigo fir/--he'll be 9 ,m]ica soon4 ,:5 ! "t _h come = him to leave1 he came & press$ our h&s1 & f]v5tly gave u 8 patri>*al bless+4 ,our int]view ) ,gr&fa!r ,jacob c nev] be =gott54 ,our he>ts1 we tru/1 w long *]i% 8 heav5ly savor--well assur$ t if all[$ a "p 9 ! resurrection ( ! j1 we %all behold 8 tall =m1 erect 9 ! vigor ( immortal y\?1 amid/ ! patri>*s ( pa/ g5]ations4 ,aft] breakfa/ we took leave ( ! k9d-he>t$ mission>ies1 ^: s+ul> devot$ness & delightful _s won greatly ^u our affections1 & b5t our way homew>d by ano!r r\te4 ,,mr4 ,,scotl&',s ,,e/ate4 ,we call$ at ! e/ate ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,scotl&1 ,jr41 b>ri/]1 & memb] ( ! assembly4 ,we expect$ to meet ) ! proprietor1 b ! manag] in=m$ u t press+ bus9ess at c\rt _h call$ him to ,/4 ,john's on ! prec$+ day4 ,! te/imony ( ! manag] conc]n+ ! dry wea!r1 ! consequ5t failure 9 ! crop1 ! indu/ry ( ! labor]s1 & s =?1 0 simil> to t :i* we _h he>d be=e4 ,he rem>k$ t he _h n be5 able to introduce job-"w among 8 p4 ,x 0 a new ?+ ) !m1 & !y did n und]/& x4 ,he _h lately made a proposal to give ! gang f\r doll>s p] acre = hold+ a c]ta9 field4 ,!y ask$ a little "t to consid] ^u s novel a proposition4 ,he gave !m half a day1 & at ! end ( t "t ask$ !m :at _! conclusion 04 ,"o1 act+ z spokesman = ! re/1 said1 ,we rada hab de %ill+ wages4 ,t 0 c]ta92 ! job might yield !m m1 & x might fall %ort--q a common s5se transaction6 ,at ! press+ reque/ ( ,mr4 ,arm/rong we sp5t a day ) him at ,fit*'s ,creek4 ,mr4 ,a4 receiv$ u ) ! mo/ cordial hospitality1 rem>k+ t he 0 glad to h ano!r opportunity to /ate "s ?+s :i* he reg>d$ z ob/acles to ! complete success ( ! exp]im5t 9 ,antigua4 ,"o 0 ! entire want ( conc]t among ! plant]s4 ,!re 0 no disposition to meet & comp>e views respect+ diff]5t modes ( agriculture1 treatm5t ( labor]s1 & employm5t ( ma*9]y4 ,ano!r evil 01 all[+ p to live on ! e/ates :o took no "p 9 ! regul> labor ( cultivation4 ,"s plant]s _h adapt$ ! fooli% policy ( enc\rag+ su* p]sons to rema9 on ! e/ates1 9 ord] t !y might h help at h& 9 cases ( em]g5cy4 ,mr4 ,a4 /rongly condemn$ ?is policy4 ,x )held labor]s f ! e/ates :i* ne$$ !m2 x 0 calculat$ to make ! regul> field h&s discont5t$1 & x (f]$ a direct enc\ragem5t to ! negroes to foll[ irregul> modes ( liv+4 ,a ?ird ob/acle to ! successful op]ation ( free labor1 0 ! abs5ce ( ! mo/ influ5tial proprietors4 ,! consequ5ces ( abs5teeism 7 v s]i\s4 ,! proprietors 7 ( all m5 ! mo/ deeply int]e/$ 9 ! soil2 & no attorneys1 ag5ts1 or manag]s1 :om !y c\ld employ1 w\ld feel an equal int]e/ 9 x1 nor make ! same ef=ts to secure ! prosp]\s work+s ( ! new sy/em4 ,9 ! ye> #ahcc1 :5 ! abolition excitem5t 0 at its height 9 ,engl&1 & ! p 7 ?und]+ at ! doors ( p>liam5t = emancipation1 ,mr4 ,a4 visit$ t c\ntry = 8 heal?4 ,to use 8 own expressive words1 he got a t]rible scrap+ :]ev] he w5t4 ,he said he c\ld n travel 9 a /age-coa*1 or g into a p>ty1 or att5d a religi\s meet+1 )\t be+ attack$4 ,no "o ! mo/ remotely connect$ ) ! sy/em c\ld h peace !re4 ,he said x 0 a/oni%+ to see :at a feel+ 0 abroad1 h[ mightily ! m9d ( ! :ole c\ntry1 pe] & prie/ & peasant1 0 wr\ght up4 ,! national he>t seem$ on fire4 ,mr4 ,a4 said1 he became a religi\s man :il/ ! manag] ( a slave e/ate1 & :5 he became a ,*ri/ian1 he became an abolitioni/4 ,yet ?is man1 :ile 8 consci5ce 0 accus+ him--:ile he 0 long+ & pray+ = abolition--did n d>e op5 8 m\? 9 public to urge x on6 ,h[ _m su* m5 are !re 9 our s\!rn /ates--m5 :o are inw>dly *e]+ on ! abolitioni/ 9 8 devot$ "w1 & yet s5d up no voice to enc\rage him1 b p]haps are traduc+ & d5\nc+ him6 ,we receiv$ a call at our lodg+s 9 ,/4 ,john's f ! ,ar*deacon4 ,he made int]e/+ /atem5ts respect+ ! improvem5t ( ! negroes 9 dress1 morals1 education & religion1 s9ce emancipation4 ,he _h resid$ 9 ! isl& "s ye>s previ\s to ! abolition ( slav]y1 & spoke f p]sonal obs]vation4 ,among _m o!r g5tlem5 :o honor$ u ) a call ab\t ! same "t1 0 ! ,rev4 ,edw>d ,fras]1 ,wesleyan mission>y1 & a color$ g5tleman4 ,he is a native ( ,b]muda1 & t5 ye>s ago 0 a slave4 ,he receiv$ a m]cantile education1 & 0 = sev]al ye>s ! confid5tial cl]k ( 8 ma/]4 ,he 0 treat$ ) mu* reg>d & g5]al k9dness4 ,he said he 0 ano!r ,joseph--e ?+ :i* 8 ma/] _h 0 9 8 h&s4 ,! acc\nt books & money 7 all committ$ to him4 ,he _h s]vants "u him1 & did almo/ z he pleas$--except becom+ free4 ,yet he mu/ say1 z respect$ himself1 k9dly z he 0 treat$1 t slav]y 0 a griev\s wrong1 mo/ unju/ & s9ful4 ,! v ?\ght--& x (t5 came ov] him--t he 0 a slave1 br\ght ) x a t]rible s5se ( degradation4 ,x came ov] ! s\l l a fro/4 ,8 s5se ( degradation grew m int5se 9 proportion z 8 m9d became m cultivat$4 ,he said1 education 0 a disagreeable companion = a slave4 ,b :ile he said ?is1 ,mr4 ,f4 spoke v respectfully & t5d]ly ( 8 ma/]4 ,he w\ld n will+ly utt] a ^w :i* w\ld savor ( unk9dness t[>ds him4 ,su* 0 ! _s ( "o ^: be/ days _h be5 sp5t "u ! exactions ( slav]y4 ,he 0 a local prea*] 9 ! ,wesleyan connection :ile he 0 a slave1 & 0 lib]at$ by 8 ma/]1 )\t remun]ation1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,briti% ,conf]5ce1 :o wi%$ to employ him z an it9]ant4 ,he is highly e/eem$ bo? = 8 natural tal5ts & g5]al lit]>y acquisitions & moral wor?4 ,! ,conf]5ce h rec5tly call$ him to ,engl& to act z an ag5t 9 t c\ntry1 to procure funds = educational & religi\s purposes 9 ^! isl&s4 ,,meet+ ,,( ,,wesleyan ,,mission>ies4 ,z we 7 pres5t at ! annual meet+ ( ! ,wesleyan mission>ies = ?is di/rict1 we ga9$ mu* in=mation conc]n+ ! object ( our mission1 z !re 7 ab\t tw5ty mission>ies1 mo/ly f ,dom9ica1 ,monts]rat1 ,nevis1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]s1 ,anguilla1 & ,tortola4 ,n a few ( !m 7 m5 ( sup]ior acquirem5ts1 :o _h sacrific$ ease & popul> applause at home1 to m9i/] to ! outca/ & oppress$4 ,!y are ! devot$ fri5ds ( ! black man4 ,x 0 s\l-*e]+ to he> !m rejoice ov] ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,x 0 z ?\gh _! own limbs _h be5 ( a sudd5 un%ackl$1 & a high wall _h fall5 f ar\nd !m4 ,lib]ty _h brok5 ^u !m l ! bur/+ =? ( ! sun to ! wat*man on 8 midnight t[]4 ,dur+ ! session1 ! mission-h\se 0 ?r[n op5 to u1 & we frequ5tly d9$ ) ! num]\s company ( mission>ies1 :o !re ate at a common table4 ,mrs4 ,f41 wife ( ! color$ cl]gyman m5tion$ above1 presid$ at ! social bo>d4 ,! mission>ies & _! wives associat$ ) ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,f4 z unres]v$ly z ?\gh !y wore ! mo/ delicate ,european t9t4 ,! fir/ "t we took supp] ) !m1 at "o side ( a l>ge table1 ar\nd :i* 7 ab\t tw5ty mission>ies ) _! wives1 sat ,mrs4 ,f41 ) ! furniture ( a tea table be=e h]4 ,on ! o!r side1 ) ! c(fee urn & its accompanim5ts1 sat ! wife ( a mission>y1 ) a sk9 z lily-hu$ z ! faire/ ,caucasian4 ,ne>ly opposite to h]1 betwe5 two :ite prea*]s1 sat a color$ mission>y4 ,f>!r d[n1 ) ! *airman ( ! di/rict on 8 "r1 sat ano!r color$ g5tleman1 a m]*ant & local prea*] 9 ,antigua4 ,su* 0 ! uni=m appe>ance ( ! table1 except+ t ! numb]s 7 occasionally swell$ by ! addition ( sev]al o!r color$ g5tlem5 & ladies4 ,on ano!r occasion1 at d9n]1 we _h an int]e/+ conv]sation1 9 :i* ! :ole company ( mission>ies p>ticipat$4 ,! ,rev4 ,m4 ,banks1 ( ,/4 ,b>?olomews1 rem>k$1 t "o ( ! grosse/ ( all absurdities 0 t ( prep>+ m5 = fre$om4 ,"s1 said he1 pret5d t imm$iate emancipation is unsafe1 b x 0 evid5t to him t if m5 are peaceable :ile !y are slaves1 !y might be tru/$ 9 any o!r condition1 = !y c\ld n possibly be plac$ 9 "o m aggravat+4 ,if slav]y is a safe sy/em1 fre$om surely w be4 ,!re c be no bett] evid5ce t a p are prep>$ = lib]ty1 ?an _! pati5t endurance ( slav]y4 ,he express$ ! greate/ regret at ! conduct ( ! ,am]ican *ur*es1 p>ticul>ly t ( ! ,me?odi/ *ur*4 ,tell !m1 said he1 on y\r return1 t ! mission>ies 9 ^! isl&s are ca/ d[n & griev$ :5 !y ?9k ( _! bre?r5 9 ,am]ica4 ,we feel p]suad$ t !y are hold+ back ! c> ( fre$om2 !y are hold+ up ! gospel4 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,*eesbr\gh1 ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s1 said1 ,tell !m t mu* z we desire to visit ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 we _c g s long z we are prohibit$ f speak+ aga9/ slav]y1 or :ile t abom9able prejudice is enc\rag$ 9 ! *ur*es4 ,we c\ld n adm9i/] ! sacram5t to a *ur* 9 :i* ! di/9ction ( colors 0 ma9ta9$4 ,tell our bre?r5 ( ! ,wesleyan connection1 said ,mr4 ,b4 aga91 t slav]y mu/ be aboli%$ by ,*ri/ians1 & ! *ur* ought to take h] /& at once aga9/ x4 ,we told him t a l>ge numb] ( ,me?odi/s & o!r ,*ri/ians _h engag$ already 9 ! "w1 & t ! numb] 0 daily increas+4 ,t's "r1 he exclaim$1 agitate1 agitate1 ,,agitate6 ,y mu/ succe$3 ! ,"l is ) y4 ,he dwelt p>ticul>ly on ! obligations re/+ ^u ,*ri/ians 9 ! free /ates4 ,he said1 ,m5 mu/ be at a di/ance f slav]y to judge ( its real "*4 ,p]sons liv+ 9 ! mid/ ( x1 gradually become famili>iz$ ) its horrors & woes1 s t !y c view calmly1 exhibitions f :i* !y w\ld once h %runk 9 dismay4 ,we _h "s conv]sation ) ,rev4 ,mr4 ,walton1 ( ,monts]rat4 ,aft] mak+ a numb] ( /atem5ts 9 ref]5ce to ! appr5tice%ip !re1 ,mr4 ,w4 /at$ t !re _h be5 repeat$ in/ances ( plant]s emancipat+ all _! appr5tices4 ,he ?\ght !re _h be5 a case ( ?is k9d e mon? = a ye> pa/4 ,! plant]s 7 becom+ tir$ ( ! appr5tice%ip1 & f m]e consid]ations ( int]e/ & com=t1 7 adopt+ free labor4 ,a new impulse _h be5 giv5 to education 9 ,monts]rat1 & s*ools 7 spr++ up 9 all p>ts ( ! isl&4 ,mr4 ,w4 ?\ght !re 0 no isl& 9 :i* education 0 s ext5sive4 ,religi\s influ5ces 7 spread+ among ! p ( all classes4 ,m>riages 7 occurr+ e week4 ,we _h an int]view ) ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,h41 an ag$ color$ m9i/]4 ,he has a high /&+ among 8 bre?r51 = tal5ts1 piety1 & usefulness4 ,!re are few m9i/]s 9 ! ,we/ ,indies :o h accompli%$ m = ! cause ( ,*ri/ ?an has ,mr4 ,h4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,x is a fact well kn[n 9 ,antigua & ,b>badoes1 t ?is color$ mission>y has be5 in/rum5tal 9 ! conv]sion ( sev]al cl]gym5 ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ^? isl&s1 :o are n[ curr5tly devot$ m54 ,he said he _h at diff]5t p]iods be5 /ation$ 9 ,antigua1 ,anguilla1 ,tortola1 & "s o!r isl&s4 ,he said t ! negroes 9 ! o!r isl&s 9 :i* he _h prea*$1 7 z intellig5t z ^? 9 ,antigua1 & 9 e respect z well prep>$ = fre$om4 ,he 0 9 ,anguilla :5 emancipation took place4 ,! negroes !re 7 kept at "w on ! v day t fre$om came6 ,!y work$ z ord]ly z on any o!r day4 ,! ,sabba? foll[+1 he prea*$ to !m on _! new /ate1 expla9+ ! appr5tice%ip to !m4 ,he said ! :ole congregation 7 9 a /ate ( high excitem5t1 weep+ & %\t+4 ,"o man sprang to 8 feet1 & exclaim$1 ',me nev] =get ,god & ,k+ ,william4' ,?is same man 0 s full t he w5t out ( ! *apel1 & bur/ into l\d weep+4 ,! prea*+ ( ! mission>ies1 dur+ _! /ay 9 ,antigua1 0 full ( allusions to ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & especially to ! entire emancipation 9 ,antigua4 ,inde$1 we r>ely att5d$ a meet+ 9 ,antigua1 ( any k9d1 9 :i* ! late emancipation 0 n 9 "s way allud$ to ) feel+s ( gratitude & exultation4 ,9 ! ord9>y s]vices ( ! ,sabba?1 ?is subject 0 almo/ uni=mly introduc$1 ei!r 9 ! pray] or s]mon4 ,:5ev] ?anksgiv+ 0 r5d]$ to ,god = favors1 fre$om 0 among ! numb]4 ,! meet+ ( ! di/rict af=d$ an opportunity = hold+ a numb] ( anniv]s>y meet+s4 ,we notice !m "h1 believ+ t !y w pres5t ! mo/ accurate view t c be giv5 ( ! religi\s & moral condition ( ,antigua4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #a/ ( ,febru>y1 ! fir/ anniv]s>y ( ! ,antigua ,temp]ance ,society 0 held 9 ! ,wesleyan *apel4 ,we _h be5 invit$ to att5d & take a "p 9 ! ex]cises4 ,! *apel 0 cr[d$ ) a congregation ( all grades & complexions4 ,color$ & :ite g5tlem5 appe>$ toge!r on ! plat=m4 ,we intimat$ to a memb] ( ! committee1 t we c\ld n consci5ti\sly speak )\t advocat+ total ab/95ce1 :i* doctr9e1 we conclud$ f ! nature ( ! pl$ge1 7:i* only includ$ ard5t spirits17 w\ld n be well receiv$4 ,we 7 assur$ t we might use ! mo/ p]fect fre$om 9 av[+ our s5tim5ts4 ,! speak]s on ?is occasion 7 two plant]s1 a ,wesleyan mission>y1 & ourselves4 ,all advocat$ ! doctr9e ( total ab/95ce4 ,! fir/ speak]1 a plant]1 conclud$ by say+1 t x 0 commonly believ$ t w9e & malt 7 r5d]$ absolutely indisp5sable 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 by ! exhau/+ nature ( ! climate4 ,b facts disprove ! tru? ( ?is notion4 ,i am happy to say t ,i c n[ pres5t ?is l>ge assembly ) ocul> demon/ration ( ! fallacy ( ! popul> op9ion4 ,i ne$ only po9t y to ! wor?y occupants ( ?is plat=m4 ,:o are ! heal?ie/ among !m8 ,! cold wat] dr9k]s--! teetotall]s6 ,we c assure y t we h n lo/ a p\nd ( fle%1 by ab&on+ our cups4 ,we h tri$ ! cold wat] exp]im5t fai?fully1 & we c te/ify t s9ce we became cold wat] m51 we "w bett]1 we eat bett]1 we sleep bett]1 & we d e ?+ bett] ?an be=e4 ,! next speak]1 a plant] also1 dwelt on ! inconsi/5cy ( us+ w9e & malt1 & at ! same "t call+ ^u ! poor to give up ard5t spirits4 ,he said ?is inconsi/5cy _h be5 ca/ 9 8 tee? by 8 negroes4 ,he nev] c\ld prevail ^u !m to /op dr9k+ rum1 until he ?rew away 8 w9e & port]4 ,n[ he & all 8 p 7 teetotalli/s4 ,!re 7 two o!r plant]s :o _h tak5 ! same c\rse4 ,he /at$1 z ! result ( a c>eful calculation :i* he _h made1 t he & ! two plant]s ref]r$ to1 _h be5 9 ! habit ( giv+ to _! p n less ?an "o ?\s& gallons ( rum annually4 ,! :ole ( ?is 0 n[ )held1 & molasses & sug> 7 giv5 in/ead4 ,! mission>y :o foll[$ !m 0 n a :it beh9d 9 boldness & zeal1 & betwe5 !m1 !y left u little to say 9 our turn on ! subject ( total ab/95ce4 ,on ! foll[+ ev5+ ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,bible ,society 0 held 9 ! ,moravian s*ool-room4 ,dur+ ! day we receiv$ a note f ! ,secret>y ( ! ,society1 politely reque/+ u to be pres5t4 ,! spaci\s s*ool-room 0 fill$1 & ! broad plat=m cr[d$ ) *ur* cl]gym51 ,moravian m9i/]s1 & ,wesleyan mission>ies1 color$ & :ite4 ,! ,secret>y1 a ,moravian m9i/]1 read ! tw5ty-fir/ annual report4 ,x spoke emphatically ( '! joyful ev5t ( emancipation'1 & 9 allusion to an individual 9 ,engl&1 ( :om x spoke 9 t]ms ( high comm5dation1 x designat$ him1 z "o :o 0 di/+ui%$ = 8 ef=ts 9 ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,! adoption ( ! report 0 mov$ by "o ( ! ,wesleyan mission>ies1 :o spoke at "s l5g?4 ,he comm5c$ by speak+ ( ! peculi> emotions ) :i* he always arose to address an assembly ( ! free p ( ,antigua4 ,x _h be5 8 lot = a ye> pa/ to labor 9 a colony,a :]e slav]y /ill reign$1 & he c\ld n b ?ank ,god = ! happ9ess ( sett+ 8 foot once m on ! free soil ( an emancipat$ isl&4 ,footnote ,a3 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ meet+ 9 ! s]ies1 0 ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,wesleyan ,mission>y ,society ( ,antigua4 ,bo? p>ts ( ! day 7 devot$ to ?is anniv]s>y4 ,! meet+s 7 held 9 ! ,wesleyan *apel1 :i* 0 fill$ above & bel[1 ) ! usual commixture ( :ite1 color$1 & black4 ,we saw1 z on =m] occasions1 sev]al color$ g5tlem5 seat$ among ! m9i/]s4 ,aft] ! usual introductory ex]cises ( s++ & pray]1 ! annual report 0 read by ! ,secret>y1 ,rev4 ,e4 ,fras]1 ! color$ m9i/] already m5tion$4 ,x 0 t]se1 direct1 & bus9ess l4 ,! meet+ 0 !n address$ by a ,moravian mission>y4 ,he dwelt ^u ! decrease ( ! sect>ian _s1 & hail$ ! com+ ( ,*ri/ian *>ity & bro!rly communion4 ,he op5$ 8 ,bible1 & read ab\t ! middle wall ( p>tition be+ brok5 d[n4 ,yes1 bro!r1 said ,mr4 ,horne1 & e o!r wall4 ,! re/ are b pap] walls1 respond$ ! speak]1 & :5 once ! middle wall is remov$1 ^! w soon be burn$ up by ! fire ( ,*ri/ian love4 ,! next speak] 0 a ,wesleyan mission>y ( ,nevis4 ,he spoke ( ! v>i\s in/rum5talities :i* 7 n[ employ$ = ! conv]sion ( ! _w4 ,we welcome1 said he1 ! co-op]ation ( ,am]ica1 & ) all our he>ts d we rejoice t %e is n[ beg9n+ to put away f h] t vile sy/em ( oppression :i* has hi!rto crippl$ h] moral en]gy & h] religi\s ent]prise4 ,!n turn+ & address+ himself to u1 he said1 ,we hail y1 de> bre?r51 z co-work]s ) u4 ,g =w>d 9 y\r bless$ und]tak+4 ,be n dismay$ ) ! huge dim5sions ( t vice :i* y are labor+ to ov]?r[6 ,be n di%e>t5$ by ! viol5ce & m5aces ( y\r enemies6 ,g =w>d4 ,proclaim to ! *ur* & to y\r c\ntrym5 ! s9fulness ( slav]y1 & be assur$ t soon ! fire ( tru? w melt d[n ! massy *a9s ( oppression4 ,he !n urg$ ^u ! p ( ,antigua _! peculi> obligations to ext5d ! gospel to o!r l&s4 ,x 0 ! ,bible t made !m free1 & he begg$ !m to be> 9 m9d t !re 7 millions ( _! c\ntrym5 /ill 9 ! *a9s ( slav]y4 ,?is appeal 0 receiv$ ) great en?usiasm4 ,we !n spoke on a resolution :i* _h be5 h&$ u by ! ,secret>y1 & :i* affirm$ t ! increas+ & ackn[l$g$ usefulness ( ,*ri/ian missions 0 a subject ( congratulation4 ,we spoke ( ! increase ( mission>y op]ations 9 our own c\ntry1 & ( ! _s ( self-d5ial :i* 0 widely spread+1 p>ticul>ly among "y ,*ri/ians4 ,we spoke ( t accurs$ ?+ 9 our mid/1 :i* n only t5d$ greatly to kill ! _s ( missions 9 ! *ur*1 b :i* directly )held _m "y m5 f =eign mission>y fields4 ,x _h made m ?an two millions ( hea!n 9 our c\ntry2 & s long z ! cries ( ^! hea!n at home ent]$ ! e>s ( our "y m5 & "y wom51 !y c\ld n1 d>e n1 g abroad4 ,h[ c\ld !y g to ,ceylon1 to ,burmah1 or to ,h9do/an1 ) ! cry ( _! c\ntry's hea!n r++ _! e>s6 ,h[ c\ld !y te> !mselves away f fami%$ millions kneel+ at _! feet 9 *a9s & begg+ = ! bread ( life1 & roam af> to ,*9a or ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s6 ,increas+ numb]s fil$ ) a mission>y _s felt t _! obligations 7 at home1 & !y 7 resolv$ t if !y c\ld n c>ry ! gospel =?) to ! slaves1 !y w\ld labor = ! ov]?r[ ( t sy/em :i* made x a crime puni%able ) dea? to prea* salvation to ! poor4 ,9 conclusion1 ! hope 0 express$ t ! p ( ,antigua--s highly favor$ ) fre$om1 education1 & religion1 w\ld nev] =get t 9 ! nation :5ce we came1 !re 7 two millions & a half ( hea!n1 :o1 in/ead ( bread1 receiv$ /ones & scorpions2 in/ead ( ! ,bible1 bolts & b>s2 in/ead ( ! gospel1 *a9s & sc\rg+s2 in/ead ( ! hope ( salvation ?ick d>kness & despair4 ,!y 7 entreat$ to rememb] t 9 ! gloomy dungeon1 f :i* !y _h lately escap$ !re 7 deep] & m dismal cells1 yet fill$ ) millions ( _! c\ntrym54 ,! /ate ( feel+ produc$ by ?is ref]5ce to slav]y1 0 su* z might be anticipat$ 9 an audi5ce1 a portion ( :i* 7 once slaves1 & /ill rememb]$ fre%ly ! horrors ( _! late condition4 ,! meet+ 0 conclud$ aft] a sitt+ ( m ?an f\r h\rs4 ,! att5dance 9 ! ev5+ 0 l>g] ?an on any =m] occasion4 ,_m 7 unable to get )9 ! *apel4 ,we 7 aga9 favor$ ) an opportunity ( urg+ a v>iety ( consid]ations t\*+ ! g5]al cause1 z well z ^? drawn f ! condition ( our own c\ntry1 & ! special objects ( our mission4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,horne spoke v po9t$ly on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,he began by say+ t he _h be5 s long accu/om$ to speak cauti\sly ab\t slav]y t he 0 ev5 n[ almo/ afraid ( 8 own voice :5 he allud$ to x4 ,g5]al laught]4 ,b he w\ld rememb] t he 0 9 a free isl&1 & t he spoke to freem51 & !re=e he _h no?+ to fe>4 ,he said ! peace & prosp]ity ( ^! colonies is a matt] ( great mom5t 9 itself consid]$1 b x 0 only :5 view$ z an example to ! re/ ( ! slavehold+ _w t its real magnitude & importance 0 p]ceiv$4 ,! influ5ce ( abolition1 & especially ( entire emancipation 9 ,antigua1 mu/ be v great4 ,! eyes ( ! _w 7 fix$ ^u h]4 ,! great nation ( ,am]ica mu/ n[ soon toll ! knell ( slav]y1 & ?is ev5t w be ha/5$ by ! happy op]ation ( fre$om "h4 ,mr4 ,h4 proce$$ to say1 t dur+ ! agitation ( ! slav]y "q at home1 he _h be5 suspect$ ( n be+ a fri5d to emancipation2 & x w\ld probably be rememb]$ by "s pres5t t 8 "n appe>$ 9 ! report ( ! committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 :]e x /ood 9 no enviable society4 ,b :atev] might be ?\ght ( 8 c\rse at t "t1 he felt assum$ t ! day 0 n f> di/ant :5 he %\ld be able to cle> up e ?+ connect$ ) x4 ,x 0 n a little gratify+ to u to see t ! "t _h come 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 :5 ! suspicion ( hav+ be5 oppos$ to emancipation is a /a9 ^u ! memory f :i* a public man is glad to v9dicate himself4 ,,resolution ,,( ,,! ,,meet+4 ,aft] a few o!r addresses 7 deliv]$1 & j previ\s to ! dismission ( ! assembly1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,cox1 ,*airman ( ! ,di/rict1 arose & said1 t z ?is 0 ! la/ ( ! anniv]s>y meet+s1 he begg$ to move a resolution :i* he _h no d\bt w\ld meet ) ! he>ty & unanim\s approval ( t l>ge assembly4 ,he !n read ! foll[+ resolution1 :i* we ins]t "h z an illu/ration ( ! univ]sal sympa?y 9 ! objects ( our mission4 ,z ! resolution is n easily divisible1 we ins]t ! :ole ( x1 mak+ no ado on ! score ( mode/y4 ,resolv$1 t ?is meet+ is deeply impress$ ) ! importance ( ! s]vices r5d]$ ?is day to ! cause ( missions by ! acceptable addresses ( ,mr4 ----1 f ,am]ica1 & begs especially to express to him & 8 fri5d ,mr4 ----1 ! assurance ( _! s9c]e sympa?y 9 ! object ( _! visit to ,antigua4 ,mr4 ,c4 said he w\ld make no rem>ks 9 support ( ! resolution he _h j read = he did n deem !m necess>y4 ,he w\ld !re=e propose at once t ! vote be tak5 by ris+4 ,! ,*airman read ! resolution accord+ly1 & reque/$ ^? :o 7 9 favor ( adopt+ x1 to rise4 ,n an individual 9 ! cr[d$ congregation kept 8 seat4 ,! ma/]s & ! slaves ( ye/]day--all rose toge!r--a phalanx ( freem51 to te/ify _! s9c]e sympa?y 9 ! ef=ts & objects ( ,am]ican abolitioni/s4 ,aft] ! congregation _h resum$ _! seats1 ! wor?y ,*airman address$ u briefly 9 behalf ( ! congregation1 say+1 t x 0 incumb5t on him to convey to u ! unanim\s expression ( sympa?y on ! "p ( ?is num]\s assembly 9 ! object ( our visit to ! isl&4 ,we might reg>d x z an unfeign$ assurance t we 7 welcom$ among !m1 & t ! cause :i* we 7 labor+ to promote 0 de> to ! he>ts ( ! p ( ,antigua4 ,?is 0 ! te/imonial ( an assembly1 _m ( :om1 only ?ree ye>s be=e1 7 !mselves slavehold]s4 ,x 0 n giv5 at a meet+ specially conc]t$ & call$ = ! purpose1 b grew up unexpect$ly & spontane\sly out ( ! feel+s ( ! occasion1 a free-w (f]+1 ! *e]ful impulsive gu% ( free sympa?ies4 ,we return$ our ackn[l$gm5ts 9 ! be/ mann] t our excit$ emotions p]mitt$4 ,,lay+ ,,! ,,corn] ,,/one ,,( ,a ,,wesleyan ,,*apel4 ,! corn] /one ( a new ,wesleyan ,*apel 0 laid 9 ,/4 ,john's1 dur+ ! di/rict meet+4 ,! conc\rse ( spectators 0 imm5se4 ,at elev5 o'clock religi\s ex]cises 7 held 9 ! old *apel4 ,at ! close ( ! s]vice a procession 0 =m$1 compos$ ( ,wesleyan mission>ies1 ,moravian m9i/]s1 cl]gym5 ( ! *ur*1 memb]s ( ! c\ncil & ( ! assembly1 plant]s1 m]*ants1 & o!r g5tlem51 & ! *ildr5 ( ! ,sunday & infant s*ools1 connect$ ) ! ,wesleyan ,*apel4 ,z ! procession mov$ to ! new site1 a hymn 0 sung1 9 :i* ! :ole procession unit$4 ,our position 9 ! procession1 to :i* we 7 assign$ by ! m>%al1 & mu* to our satisfaction1 0 at ei!r side ( two color$ g5tlem51 ) :om we walk$1 f\r abrea/4 ,on "o side ( ! f\ndation a gall]y _h be5 rais$1 :i* 0 cov]$ ) an awn+1 & 0 occupi$ by a d5se mass ( :ite & color$ ladies4 ,on ano!r side ! g5tlem5 ( ! procession /ood4 ,! o!r sides 7 ?rong$ ) a promiscu\s multitude ( all colors4 ,aft] s++ & pray]1 ! ,hon4 ,ni*olas ,nug5t1 speak] ( ! h\se ( assembly1 desc5d$ f ! plat=m by a flight ( /airs into ! cell>1 escort$ by two mission>ies4 ,! seal$ phial 0 !n plac$ 9 8 h&1 & ,mr4 ,p41 a ,wesleyan mission>y1 read f a pap] ! inscription writt5 on ! p>*m5t )9 ! phial4 ,! clos+ words ( ! inscription allud$ to ! pres5t condition ( ! isl&1 ?us3 ,! dem& = a new & l>g] place ( wor%ip 0 press+1 & ! progress ( public lib]ality advanc+ on a scale highly cr$itable to ?is ,,free1 enlight5$1 & evangeliz$ colony4 ,! ,speak] !n plac$ ! phial 9 ! cavity ( ! rock4 ,:5 x 0 prop]ly secur$1 & ! corn] /one l[]$ d[n by pullies to its place1 he /ruck ?ree bl[s ^u x ) a mallet1 & !n return$ to ! plat=m4 ,! mo/ eag] curiosity 0 exhibit$ on e side to witness ! c]emony4 ,at ! conclusion ( x1 sev]al addresses 7 deliv]$4 ,! speak]s 71 ,rev4 ,messrs4 ,horne & ,h>vey1 & ,d4,b4 ,g>l+1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,horne1 aft] enum]at+ sev]al ?+s :i* 7 des]v+ ( praise1 & wor?y ( imitation1 exclaim$1 ,! gr& cr[n+ glory ( all--t :i* places ,antigua above all h] si/] colonies--0 ! magnanim\s measure ( ! legislature 9 entirely aboli%+ slav]y4 ,x 0 e/imat$ t !re 7 m ?an two ?\s& p]sons assembl$ on ?is occasion4 ,! ord] :i* prevail$ among su* a conc\rse 0 highly cr$itable to ! isl&4 ,x 0 pleas+ to see ! p]fect int]mixture ( colors & conditions2 n less s to obs]ve ! k9dly be>+ ( ! high t[>d ! l[4,a ,aft] ! ex]cises 7 f9i%$1 ! num]\s assembly disp]s$ quietly4 ,n an in/ance ( drunk5ness1 qu>rell+1 or ang]1 fell "u our notice dur+ ! day4 ,footnote ,a3 ,dur+ ,mr4 ,home's address1 we obs]v$ ,mr4 ,a41 a plant]1 s5d 8 umbrella to a negro man :o /ood at ! corn]-/one1 expos$ to ! sun4 ,,resolutions ,,( ,,! ,,mission>ies4 ,t[>d ! close ( ! di/rict meet+1 we receiv$ a k9d note f ! *airman1 invit+ u to att5d ! meet+1 & receive 9 p]son1 a set ( resolutions :i* _h be5 drawn up at our reque/1 & sign$ by all ! mission>ies4 ,at ! h\r appo9t$1 we repair$ to ! *apel4 ,! mission>ies all arose z we ent]$1 & gave u a bro!rly salutation4 ,we 7 invit$ to take our seats at ! "r h& ( ! *airman4 ,he !n1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! meet+1 read to u ! subjo9$ resolutions2 we briefly express$1 9 behalf ( ourselves & our cause1 ! high s5se we _h ( ! value ( ! te/imony1 :i* ! meet+ _h be5 pleas$ to give u4 ,! v5]able fa!r ,horne !n pray$ ) u1 comm5d+ our cause to ! bless+ ( ! ,head ( ! *ur*1 & ourselves to ! protection & guidance ( our heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,aft] :i* we %ook h&s ) ! bre?r51 sev]ally1 receiv+ _! w>me/ assurances ( affectionate reg>d1 & )drew4 ,resolutions pass$ at ! meet+ ( ! ,wesleyan ,mission>ies ( ! ,antigua ,di/rict1 assembl$ at ,/4 ,john's1 ,antigua1 ,febru>y #g?1 #ahcg4 #a4 ,t ! emancipation ( ! slaves ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 :ile x 0 an act ( und\bt$ ju/ice to t oppress$ p1 has op]at$ mo/ favorably 9 fur!r+ ! triumphs ( ! gospel1 by remov+ "o prolific s\rce ( unm]it$ suspicion ( religi\s tea*]s1 & ?us op5+ a door to _! m ext5sive labors & usefulness--by furni%+ a great] portion ( "t = ! s]vice ( ! negro1 & ?us prev5t+ ! cont9uance ( unavoidable ,sabba? desecrations1 9 labor & neglect ( ! means ( grace--& 9 its op]ation z a /imulus to proprietors & o!r influ5tial g5tlem51 to enc\rage religi\s education1 & ! wide dissem9ation ( ! ,scriptures1 z an inc5tive to indu/ry & good ord]4 #b4 ,t :ile ! above /atem5ts are true ) ref]5ce to all ! isl&s1 ev5 :]e ! sy/em ( appr5tice%ip prevails1 !y are especially applicable to ,antigua1 :]e ! results ( ! great measure1 ( entire fre$om1 s humanely & judici\sly grant$ by ! legislature1 _c be contemplat$ )\t ! mo/ dev\t ?anks giv+s to ,almighty ,god4 #c4 ,t we reg>d ) mu* gratification1 ! great dim9ution among all classes 9 ^! isl&s1 ( ! mo/ un*ri/ian prejudice ( color ! total abs5ce ( x 9 ! gov]nm5t & ord9ances ( ! *ur*es ( ,god1 ) :i* we are connect$1 & ! prospect ( its complete removal1 by ! abolition ( slav]y1 by ! increas$ diffusion ( g5]al k1 & ( t religion :i* tea*es to honor all m51 & to love our neighbor z ourselves4 #d4 ,t we _c b contemplate ) mu* humiliation & di/ress1 ! exi/5ce1 among pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians 9 ,am]ica1 ( ?is p>tial1 unseemly1 & un*ri/ian sy/em ( ca/e1 s di/9ctly prohibit$ 9 ! ^w ( ,god1 & s utt]ly irreconcileable ) ,*ri/ian *>ity4 #e4 ,t reg>d+ slav]y z a mo/ unju/ifiable infr+em5t ( ! rational & inali5able rights ( m51 & 9 its moral consequ5ces1 7f our own p]sonal obs]vation z well z o!r s\rces17 z "o ( ! greate/ curses ) :i* ! great ,gov]nor ( ! nations ev] suff]$ ?is _w to be blight$3 we _c b deeply regret ! connection :i* s intimately exi/s betwe5 ! v>i\s *ur*es ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 & ?is un*ri/ian sy/em4 ,) mu* sorr[ d we le>n t ! pr9ciple ( ! lawfulness ( slav]y has be5 def5d$ by "s :o are m9i/]s ( ,*ri/1 t s l>ge a proportion ( t body 9 ,am]ica1 are ex]t+ _! influ5ce 9 favor ( ! cont9uance ( s indef5sible & mon/r\s a sy/em--& t ^! emotions ( sorr[ are especially occasion$ ) ref]5ce to our own d5om9ation4 #f4 ,t :ile we %\ld deprecate & condemn any rec\rse on ! "p ( ! slaves1 to measures ( rebellion1 z an unju/ifiable mode ( obta9+ _! fre$om1 we w\ld mo/ solemnly1 & affectionately1 & implor+ly1 adjure our respect$ fa!rs & bre?r5 9 ,am]ica1 to endeavor1 9 e legitimate way1 to wipe away ?is reproa* f _! body1 & ?us act 9 p]fect accordance ) ! delib]ate & record$ s5tim5ts ( our v5]at$ f\nd] on ?is subject1 & 9 h>mony ) ! feel+s & proce$+s ( _! bre?r5 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 :o h _h ! honor to take a di/+ui%$ "p 9 awak5+ su* a det]m9$ & resi/less public feel+ 9 t c\ntry1 z issu$ 9 ! abolition ( slav]y among #hjj1jjj ( our fell[ subjects4 #g4 ,t we hail ) ! mo/ lively satisfaction ! progress 9 ,am]ica ( anti-slav]y pr9ciples1 ! multiplication ( anti-slav]y societies1 & ! diffusion ( correct views on ?is subject4 ,we (f] to ! noble b& ( truly patriotic1 & enlight5$1 & philan?ropic m51 :o are combat+ 9 t c\ntry ) su* a fe>ful evil1 ! assurance ( our mo/ cordial & frat]nal sympa?y1 & our e>ne/ pray]s = _! complete success4 ,we view ) pity & sorr[ ! vile calumnies ) :i* !y h be5 assail$4 ,we welcome ) ,*ri/ian joyfulness1 9 ! success :i* has already att5d$ _! ef=ts1 ! dawn ( a cl\dless day ( light & glory1 :i* %all pres5tly %9e ^u t va/ cont95t1 :5 ! song ( univ]sal fre$om %all s\nd 9 its l5g? & bread?4 #h4 ,t ^! s5tim5ts h be5 increas$ & confirm$ by ! int]c\rse1 :i* "s ( our body ,h enjoy$ ) our belov$ bre?r51 ! ,rev4 ,james ,a4 ,?ome1 & ,joseph ,horace ,kimball1 ,esq41 ! deputation to ^! isl&s1 front ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society 9 ,am]ica4 ,we reg>d ?is appo9tm5t1 & ! nom9ation ( su* m5 to fulfil x1 z mo/ judici\s4 ,we tru/ we c appreciate ! _s ( entire devot$ness to ?is cause1 :i* animates our respect$ bre?r51 & brea!s ?r\gh\t _! :ole deportm5t1 & rejoice 9 su* a manife/ation ( ! fruits ( t div9e *>ity1 :i* fl[ f ! con/ra9+ love ( ,*ri/1 & :i* _m wat]s _c qu5*4 #i4 ,t ! assurance ( ! affectionate sympa?y ( ! tw5ty-five bre?r5 :o compose ?is di/rict meet+1 & our dev\t wi%es = _! success 9 ! objects ( _! mission1 are h]eby pres5t$1 9 our collective & individual capacity1 to our ende>$ & ,*ri/ian fri5ds f ,am]ica4 7,sign$7 ,,james ,,cox1 *airman ( ! di/rict1 & resid5t 9 ,antigua4 ,jona?an ,cadman1 ,/4 ,m>t9's4 ,james ,horne1 ,/4 ,kitts4 ,mat!w ,banks1 ,/4 ,b>?olomew's4 ,e4 ,fraz]1 ,antigua4 ,*>les ,bates1 d4 ,john ,keightley1 d4 ,jesse ,pil*]1 d4 ,b5jam9 ,tregaskiss1 d4 ,?omas ,edw>ds1 ,/4 ,kitts4 ,rob]t ,hawk9s1 ,tortola4 ,?omas ,pe>son1 ,nevis4 ,george ,craft1 d4 ,w4,s4 ,wam\?1 ,/4 ,kitts4 ,john ,hodge1 ,tortola4 ,william ,sat*el1 ,dom9ica4 ,john ,cull+=d1 ,dom9ica4 ,j4 ,cam]on1 ,nevis4 ,b4 ,g>tside1 ,/4 ,kitts4 ,john ,p>k]1 d4 ,hilton ,*eesebor\gh1 d4 ,?omas ,jeff]y1 d4 ,william ,riggleswor?1 ,tortola4 ,daniel ,/epney1 ,nevis4 ,james ,walton1 ,monts]rat4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,g5]al ,,results4 ,hav+ giv5 a g5]al outl9e ( our soj\rn 9 ,antigua1 we proce$ to a m]e m9ute acc\nt ( ! results ( our inve/igations4 ,we arrange ! te/imony 9 two g5]al divisions1 plac+ t :i* relates to ! pa/ & pres5t condition ( ! colony 9 "o1 & t :i* be>s directly ^u ! "q ( slav]y 9 ,am]ica 9 ano!r4 ,,religion4 ,!re are ?ree d5om9ations ( ,*ri/ians 9 ,antigua3 ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*2 ! ,moravians1 & ,wesleyans4 ,! ,moravians numb] fifte5 ?\s&--almo/ exclusively negroes4 ,! ,wesleyans embrace ?ree ?\s& memb]s1 & ab\t z _m m att5dants4 ,( ! ?ree ?\s& memb]s1 says a ,wesleyan mission>y1 n fifty are :ites--a l>g] numb] are color$2 b ! great] "p black4 ,! att5dance ( ! negro population at ! *ur*es & *apels1 7( ! e/abli%$ ord]17 says ! ,rector ( ,/4 ,john's1 am\nts to f\r ?\s& six hundr$ & ?irty-six4 ,! :ole numb] ( blacks receiv+ religi\s in/ruction f ^! ,*ri/ian bodies1 mak+ all[ance = ! proportion ( :ite & color$ includ$ 9 ! ?ree ?\s& ,wesleyans1 is ab\t tw5ty-two ?\s&--leav+ a population ( eight ?\s& negroes 9 ,antigua :o are unsuppli$ ) religi\s in/ruction4 ,! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* has six p>i% *ur*es1 z _m *apels ( ease1 & n9e cl]gym54 ,! ,moravians h five settlem5ts & ?irte5 mission>ies4 ,! ,wesleyans h sev5 *apels1 ) z _m m small prea*+ places on e/ates1 & twelve m9i/]s2 half ( :om are it9]ant mission>ies1 & ! o!r half1 local prea*]s1 employ$ z plant]s1 or 9 m]cantile1 & o!r pursuits1 & prea*+ only occasionally4 ,f ! limit$ numb] ( *apels & mission>ies1 x may be inf]r$ t only a portion ( ! tw5ty-two ?\s& c enjoy /at$ weekly in/ruction4 ,! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,moravian mission /at$ t _! *apels c\ld n accommodate m ?an "o ?ird ( _! memb]s4 ,ea* ( ! d5om9ations compla9s ( ! lack ( m5 & h\ses4 ,! ,wesleyans are n[ build+ a l>ge *apel 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,x w accommodate two ?\s& p]sons4 ,besides free sitt+s1 !re w be ne>ly two hundr$ pews1 e "o ( :i* is n[ 9 dem&4 ,h[ev] mu* dispos$ ! *ur*es ( diff]5t d5om9ations might h be5 dur+ slav]y to ma9ta9 a /rict discipl9e1 !y f\nd x exce$+ly difficult to d s4 ,x seems impossible to elevate a body ( slaves1 rema9+ su*1 to hone/y & purity4 ,! reek+s ( slav]y w almo/ inevitably ta9t ! in/itutions ( religion1 & degrade ! /&>d ( piety4 ,accord+ly ! m9i/]s ( e d5om9ation 9 ,antigua1 feel t 9 ! abolition ( slav]y _! greate/ enemy has be5 vanqui%$1 & !y n[ ev9ce a det]m9ation to assume high] gr\nd ?an !y ev] aspir$ to dur+ ! reign ( slav]y4 ,! motto ( all cre$s is1 ,we expect great ?+s ( freem54 ,a report :i* we obta9$ f ! ,wesleyan bre?r51 /ates1 ,our own bre?r5 prea* almo/ daily4 ,we ?9k ! negroes are uncommonly punctual & regul> 9 _! att5dance ^u div9e wor%ip1 p>ticul>ly on ! ,sabba?4 ,!y always %[ a read9ess to contribute to ! support ( ! gospel4 ,) ! pres5t l[ wages1 & ! entire *>ge ( self-ma9t5ance1 !y h little to sp>e4 ,p>ham & ,sion ,hill 7tak5 z specim5s7 h societies almo/ entirely compos$ ( rural blacks--ab\t ?irte5 hundr$ & fifty 9 numb]4 ,^! h contribut$ ?is ye> above #ccj /]l+1 or sixte5 hundr$ & fifty doll>s1 9 little weekly subscriptions2 besides giv+ to special objects occasionally1 & contribut+ = ! support ( s*ools4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,wesleyan mission in=m$ u t ! collection 9 ! sev]al ,wesleyan *apels la/ ye>1 indep5d5t ( occasional contributions to ,sunday s*ools1 ,mission>y objects1 c41 am\nt$ to #hej /]l+1 or m ?an #djjj6 ,9 a lett] dat$ ,decemb] #b;d1 #ahcd1 b f\r mon?s aft] emancipation1 & address$ to ! mission>y bo>d 9 ,engl&1 ! ,rev4 ,b4 ,h>vey ?us speaks ( ! ,moravian missions3 ,) respect to our p1 ,i believe2 ,i may say t 9 all our places "h1 !y att5d ! meet+s ( ! *ur* m num]\sly ?an ev]1 & t _m are n[ 9 frequ5t att5dance :o c\ld v seldom appe> among/ u dur+ slav]y4 ,! same /atem5ts sub/antially 7 made to u by ,mr4 ,h41 %[+ t in/ead ( any fall+ (f ! att5dance 0 /ill on ! increase4 ,9 a /atem5t drawn up at our reque/ by ! ,rector ( ,/4 ,john's1 is ! foll[+3 ,cases ( discipl9e are m frequ5t ?an is usual 9 ,engli% congregations1 b at ! same "t x %\ld be obs]v$1 t a clos] ov]sight is ma9ta9$ by ! m9i/]s1 & a great] read9ess to submit !mselves 7to discipl9e7 is manife/$ by ! late slaves "h ?an by ^? :o h always be5 a free p4 ,i am able to speak v favorably ( ! att5dance at *ur*--x is regul> & cr[d$4 ,! negroes on "s e/ates h be5 kn[n to contribute will+ly to ! ,bible ,society1 s9ce #ahcb4 ,!y are n[ beg9n+ to pay a p5ny & a half curr5cy p] week = _! *ildr5's in/ruction4 ,,morality4 ,! condition ( ,antigua1 b a v few ye>s previ\s to emancipation1 is repres5t$ to h be5 truly revolt+4 ,x has already be5 /at$ t ! ,sabba? 0 ! m>ket day up to #ahcb1 & ?is is evid5ce en\gh t ! ,"l's day 0 utt]ly desecrat$ by ! mass ( ! population4 ,n[ !re are few p>ts ( our own c\ntry1 equal 9 population1 :i* c vie ) ,antigua 9 ! solemn & respectful obs]vance ( ! ,sabba?4 ,*ri/ians 9 ,/4 ,john's spoke ) joy & gratitude ( ! tranquillity ( ! ,sabba?4 ,!y _h long be5 %ock$ ) its op5 & ab\nd+ pr(anation--until !y _h well-nigh =got ! aspect ( a ,*ri/ian ,sabba?4 ,at l5g? ! full-orb$ bless+ beam$ ^u !m1 & !y rejoic$ 9 its brightness1 & ?ank$ ,god = its holy repose4 ,all p]sons ( all pr(essions te/ify to ! fact t m>riages are rapidly increas+4 ,9 tru?1 !re 0 sc>cely su* a ?+ z m>riage be=e ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,promiscu\s int]c\rse ( ! sexes 0 almo/ univ]sal4 ,9 a report ( ! ,antigua ,bran* ,association ( ! ,society = advanc+ ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? 9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 7= #ahcf17 ! foll[+ /atem5ts are made3 ,! numb] ( m>riages 9 ! six p>i%es ( ! isl&1 9 ! ye> #ahce1 ! fir/ entire ye> ( fre$om1 0 #dgf2 all ( :i*1 except+ ab\t #ej1 7 betwe5 p]sons =m]ly slaves4 ,! total numb] ( m>riages betwe5 slaves solemniz$ 9 ! ,*ur* dur+ ! n9e ye>s end+ ,decemb] #ca1 #ahcb1 0 #aeg2 9 #ahcc1 ! la/ entire ye> ( slav]y1 x 0 #fa4 ,?us x appe>s t ! :ole numb] ( m>riages dur+ t5 ye>s previ\s to emancipation 7by f> ! mo/ favorable t5 ye>s t c\ld h be5 select$7 0 b half z great z ! numb] = a s+le ye> foll[+ emancipation6 ,! ,gov]nor1 9 "o ( our e>lie/ int]views ) him1 said1 ! great crime ( ?is isl&1 z inde$ ( all ! ,we/ ,india ,colonies1 has be5 lic5ti\sness1 b we are c]ta9ly fa/ improv+ 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,an ag$ ,*ri/ian1 :o has sp5t _m ye>s 9 ! isl&1 & is n[ actively engag$ 9 sup]9t5d+ sev]al day s*ools = ! negro *ildr51 in=m$ u t !re 0 n "o ?ird z mu* concub9age z =m]ly4 ,?is he said 0 ow+ ma9ly to ! great] frequ5cy ( m>riages1 & ! cessation ( late night "w on ! e/ates1 & 9 ! boil+ h\ses1 by :i* ! females 7 con/antly expos$ dur+ slav]y4 ,n[ !y may all be 9 _! h\ses by d>k4 ,=m]ly ! mo!rs 7 ! betray]s ( _! daught]s1 enc\rag+ !m to =m unhall[$ connections1 & ev5 sell+ !m to lic5ti\s :ite & color$ m51 = _! own ga94 ,n[ !y 7 us+ great /rictness to pres]ve ! *a/ity ( _! daught]s4 ,a wor?y plant]1 :o has be5 9 ! isl& s9ce #ahjj1 /at$1 t x us$ to be a common practice = mo!rs to sell _! daught]s to ! highe/ bidd]6--g5]ally a manag] or ov]se]4 ,b n[2 said he1 ! mo!rs hold _! daught]s up = m>riage1 & take pa9s to let e body "k t _! virtue is n to be b\ght & sold any long]4 ,he also /at$ t ^? :o live unm>ri$ n[ are uni=mly neglect$ & suff] great deprivations4 ,fai?fulness aft] m>riage1 exi/s also to a great] ext5t ?an c\ld h be5 expect$ f ! utt] loos5ess to :i* !y _h be5 previ\sly accu/om$1 & ) _! ignorance ( ! nature & obligations ( ! m>riage relation4 ,we 7 in=m$ bo? by ! mission>ies & ! plant]s1 t e ye> & mon? !y are becom+ m con/ant1 z husb& & wife1 m fai?ful z p>5ts1 & m dutiful z *ildr54 ,"o plant] said t out ( a numb] :o left 8 employ aft] #ahcd1 ne>ly all _h companions on o!r e/ates1 & left = ! purpose ( be+ ) !m4 ,he 0 also ( ! op9ion t ! great] proportion ( *anges ( resid5ce among ! emancipat$ :i* took place at t "t1 7 ow+ to ! same cause4,a ,9 an address be=e ! ,fri5dly ,society 9 ,/4 ,john's1 ! ,ar*deacon /at$ t dur+ ! previ\s ye> 7#ahce7 sev]al individuals _h be5 expell$ f t society = dome/ic unfai?fulness2 b he 0 happy to say t he _h n he>d ( a s+le in/ance ( expulsion = ?is cause dur+ ! ye> !n end$4 ,mu* inconv5i5ce is felt on acc\nt ( ! ,moravian & ,wesleyan mission>ies be+ prohibit$ f p]=m+ ! m>riage s]vice1 ev5 = _! own p4 ,ef=ts are n[ mak+ to obta9 ! repeal ( ! law :i* makes m>riages p]=m$ by sect>ians 7z all save ! e/abli%$ *ur* are call$7 void4 ,footnote ,a3 ,:at a resurrection to dome/ic life 0 t1 :5 long sev]$ families flock$ f ! f\r corn]s ( ! isl& to meet _! k9dr$ memb]s6 ,& :at a glori\s resurrection w t be 9 our own c\ntry1 :5 ! millions ( emancipat$ be+s scatt]$ ov] ! we/ & s\?1 %all seek ! embraces ( p>5tal & frat]nal & conjugal love4 ,t =m ( lic5ti\sness :i* appe>s among ! high] classes 9 e slavehold+ c\ntry1 ab\nd$ 9 ,antigua dur+ ! reign ( slav]y4 ,x has yield$ its r$undant fruits 9 a population ( f\r ?\s& color$ p2 d\ble ! numb] ( :ites4 ,! plant]s1 ) b few exceptions1 7 unm>ri$ & lic5ti\s4 ,nor 0 ?is vice conf9$ to ! unm>ri$4 ,m5 ) l>ge families1 kept "o or m mi/resses )\t any ef=t at concealm5t4 ,we 7 told ( an ,honorable g5tleman1 :o _h 8 ,engli% wife & two concub9es1 a color$ & a black "o4 ,! gov]nor himself /at$ z an apology = ! preval5ce ( lic5ti\sness among ! slaves1 t ! example 0 set !m con/antly by _! ma/]s1 & x 0 n to be wond]$ at if !y copi$ aft] _! sup]iors4 ,b x is n[ pla9 t concub9age among ! :ites is ne>ly at an end4 ,an ungu>d$ /atem5t ( a public man reveal$ ! conviction :i* exi/s among 8 class t concub9age mu/ soon cease4 ,he said t ! pres5t race ( color$ p c\ld n be receiv$ into ! society ( ! :ites1 because ( illegitimacy2 b ! next g5]ation w\ld be fit associates = ! :ites1 because !y w\ld be *iefly born 9 w$lock4 ,! uni=m te/imony respect+ intemp]ance 01 t x nev] _h be5 "o ( ! vices ( ! negroes4 ,sev]al plant]s decl>$ t !y _h r>ely se5 a black p]son intoxicat$4 ,! report ( ! ,wesleyan mission>ies already ref]r$ to1 says1 ,intemp]ance is mo/ uncommon among ! rural negroes4 ,_m h jo9$ ! ,temp]ance ,society1 & _m act on tee-total pr9ciples4 ,! only color$ p]son 7ei!r black or br[n7 :om we saw drunk dur+ a resid5ce ( n9e weeks 9 ,antigua1 0 a c>p5t] 9 ,/4 ,john's1 :o z he reel$ by1 />$ 9 our faces & mumbl$ out 8 s5t5ce ( condemnation aga9/ w9e bibb]s1 --,gemm5--y sees ,i'se a little bit drunk1 b 'pon honor ,i only took ?--?-ree bottles ( w9e--t's all4 ,x 0 ,*ri/mas times1 & d\btless ! poor man ?\ght he w\ld v5ture = once 9 ! ye> to copy ! example ( ! :ites4 ,9 conclusion1 on ! subject ( morals 9 ,antigua1 we are w>rant$ 9 /at+1 #a/41 ,t dur+ ! cont9uance ( slav]y1 immoralities 7 rife4 #b;d4 ,t ! repeat$ ef=ts ( ! home ,gov]nm5t & ! local ,legislature1 = sev]al successive ye>s previ\s to #ahcd1 to ameliorate ! sy/em ( slav]y1 second$ by ! labors ( cl]gym5 & mission>ies1 tea*]s & cate*i/s1 to improve ! "* ( ! slaves1 fail$ to arre/ ! curr5t ( vice & pr(ligacy4 ,:at few re=mations 7 effect$ 7 v p>tial1 leav+ ! m enorm\s immoralities z %ameless & defiant z ev]1 up to ! v day ( abolition2 demon/rat+ ! utt] impot5ce ( all attempts to purify ! /reams :ile ! f\nta9 is poison4 #c;d4 ,t ! abolition ( slav]y gave ! dea? bl[ to op5 vice1 ov]gr[n & embold5$ z x _h become4 ,imm$iate emancipation1 in/ead ( lift+ ! flood-gates1 0 ! only p[] /rong en\gh to %ut !m d[n6 ,x re/or$ ! prop] re/ra9ts ^u vice1 & suppli$ ! inc5tives to virtue4 ,^? great controll]s ( moral action1 self-respect1 atta*m5t to law1 & v5]ation = ,god1 :i* slav]y annihilat$1 fre$om has resuscitat$1 & n[ !y /& r\nd ab\t ! emancipat$ ) flam+ swords det]r+ f evil1 & ) *e]+ voices exhort+ to good4 ,x is explicitly affirm$ t ! gross] =ms ( immorality1 :i* 9 e c\ntry att5d ^u slav]y1 h 9 ,antigua ei!r %runk into concealm5t or become ext9ct4 ,,b5evol5t ,,in/itutions4 ,we ins]t "h a brief acc\nt ( ! b5evol5t in/itutions ( ,antigua4 ,our design 9 giv+ x1 is to %[ ! effect ( fre$om 9 br++ into play ^? *>ities ( social life1 :i* slav]y uni=mly /ifles4 ,antigua ab\nds 9 b5evol5t societies1 all ( :i* h be5 mat]ially reviv$ s9ce emancipation1 & "s ( !m h be5 =m$ s9ce t ev5t4 ,,! ,,bible ,,society4 ,?is is ! olde/ society 9 ! isl&4 ,x 0 organiz$ 9 #ahae4 ,all d5om9ations 9 ! isl& cordially unite 9 ?is cause4 ,! pr9cipal design ( ?is society is to promote ! ,circulation ( ! ,scriptures among ! labor+ population ( ! isl&4 ,to secure ?is object num]\s bran* associations--am\nt+ to ne>ly fifty--h be5 organiz$ ?r\gh\t ! isl& among ! negroes !mselves4 ,! society has be5 enabl$ n only to circulate ! ,scriptures among ! p ( ,antigua1 b to s5d !m ext5sively to ! neighbor+ isl&s4 ,! foll[+ table1 drawn up at our reque/ by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,society1 w %[ ! ext5t ( =eign op]ations3 ,ye>s4 ,colonies ,suppli$4 ,bibles4 ,te/'s4 #ahbb ,anguilla #id #aef #bc ,dem]>a #ah #ah #bd ,dom9ica #hi #bjd #be ,monts]rat #eg #adi #bg ,nevis #gi #aag #cb ,saba #f #ab #cc ,/4 ,b>t's #aaa #fe #cd ,/4 ,eu/atius #ig #adh #ce ,/4 ,kitts #bbg #dhg ,/4 ,m>t9s #dh #cg #cf ,tortola #fi #acf ,to #ahcg ,tr9idad #be #fg ,total #ibj #aeif ,f ! la/ annual report we quote ! foll[+ *e]+ acc\nt1 t\*+ ! ev5ts ( #ahcd3 ,! next ev5t ( importance 9 or annals is ! magnific5t grant ( ! p>5t society1 on occasion ( ! emancipation ( ! slaves1 & ! p]petual bani%m5t ( slav]y f ! %ores ( ,antigua1 on ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd2 by :i* a *oice portion ( ! ,holy ,scriptures 0 gratuit\sly circulat$ to ab\t "o ?ird ( ! inhabitants ( ?is colony4 ,n9e ?\s& sev5 hundr$ copies ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b\nd toge!r ) ! book ( ,psalms1 7 ?us plac$ at ! disposal ( y\r committee4 99 99 99 ,foll[+ h>d ^u ?is joyful ev5t ano!r gratify+ circum/ance occurr$ among u4 ,! att5tion ( ! p 0 r\s$1 & _! gratitude excit$ t[>ds ! ,bible ,society1 & !y :o _h freely receiv$1 n[ freely gave1 & ?us a consid]able sum ( money 0 pres5t$ to ! p>5t society 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( its b5efic5t grant4 ,we "h add an extract f ! annual report = #ahbf4 ,its s5tim5ts contra/ /rongly ) ! congratulations ( ! la/ report ^u '! joyful ev5t' ( emancipation4 ,ano!r "q ( consid]able delicacy & importance /ill rema9s to be discuss$4 ,is x advisable1 "u all ! circum/ances ( ! case1 to circulate ! ,holy ,scriptures1 )\t note ( comm5t1 among ! slave population ( ^! isl&s8 ,y\r ,committee c feel no hesitation 9 affirm+ t su* a measure is n m]ely exp$i5t1 b "o ( almo/ indisp5sable necessity4 ,! ,sacr$ ,volume is 9 _m respects peculi>ly adapt$ to ! slave4 ,x enjo9s ^u him precepts s pla91 t ! mo/ ignorant _c fail to und]/& !m3 ',slaves1 obey 9 all ?+s y\r ma/]s1 n ) eye s]vice1 z m5 pleas]s1 b 9 s+l5ess ( he>t1 fe>+ ,god4' ,x furni%es him ) motives ! mo/ impressive & consol+3 ',ye s]ve1' says ! ,apo/le1 '! ,"l ,*ri/4' ,x promises him rew>ds suffici5t to /imulate ! mo/ indol5t to ex]tion3 ',:atsoev] good ?+ any man doe?1 ! same %all he receive ( ! ,"l1 :e!r he be bond or free4' ,& x holds =? to him an example s glori\s1 t x w\ld ennoble ev5 angels to imitate x3 ',let ?is m9d be 9 y :i* 0 also 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o made himself ( no reputation1 & took ^u him ! =m ( a slave6' ,x may "h be prop] to obs]ve1 t ! precise import ( ! ^w1 :i* 9 g5]al ?r\gh\t ! ,engli% ,bible is translat$ s]vant1 is /rictly t :i* has be5 assign$ x 9 ! =ego+ quotations2 767 & s und]/ood1 ! ,sacr$ ,volume w be f\nd to hold out to our slaves1 bo? by precept & example ! mo/ p]suasive & ! mo/ compell+ motives to indu/ry1 ob$i5ce1 & submission4 ,no?+ c\ld m pla9ly %[ ! corrupt+ influ5ces ( slav]y1 ^u all )9 its rea*1 ?an ?is spectacle ( a noble1 religi\s in/itution1 pro/itut$ to ! vile "w ( def5d+ oppression1 &1 9 ! zeal ( its advocacy1 blasphem\sly degrad+ ! ,savior into a self-made slave6 ,! receipts ( ! ,antigua ,bran* ,society h greatly increas$ s9ce emancipation4 ,f receipts = ! ye> #ahcf1 9 ea* ( ! ,briti% isl&s1 x appe>s t ! contributions f ,antigua & ,b]muda1 ! only two isl&s :i* adopt$ entire emancipation1 are ab\t d\ble ^? f any o!r two isl&s4 ,,mission>y ,,associations4 ,^! associations are connect$ ) ! ,wesleyan mission1 & h be5 9 exi/5ce s9ce #ahbj4 ,_! object is to raise funds = ! p>5t society 9 ,engl&4 ,al?\gh x has be5 9 exi/5ce = sev]al ye>s1 yet x 0 mo/ly conf9$ to ! :ites & free p ( color1 dur+ slav]y4 ,! call+ toge!r assemblies ( rural negroes1 & address+ !m on ! subject ( missions1 & solicit+ contributions 9 aid ( ! cause1 is a new feature 9 ! mission>y op]ations to :i* no?+ b fre$om c\ld give bir?4 ,,temp]ance ,,societies4 ,! fir/ temp]ance society 9 ,antigua 0 =m$ at ! beg9n+ ( #ahcf4 ,we give an extract f ! fir/ annual report3 ,temp]ance societies h be5 =m$ 9 ea* t[n1 & on _m ( ! e/ates4 ,a l>ge numb] ( p]sons :o once us$ spiritu\s liquors mod]ately1 h entirely rel9qui%$ ! use4 ,"s :o 7 once intemp]ate h be5 reclaim$1 & 9 "s in/ances an adoption ( ! pr9ciples ( ! temp]ance society1 has be5 foll[$ by ! pursuit & enjoym5t ( vital religion4 ,dome/ic peace & quietness h sup]s$$ discord & /rife1 & a v g5]al s5se ( a/oni%m5t at ! gross delusion :i* ^! dr9ks h long produc$ on ! human species is manife/4 ,! numb]s on ! v>i\s books ( ! society am\nt to ab\t #agjj4 ,"o pleas+ feature 9 _! hi/ory1 is ! v small numb] ( ^? :o h violat$ _! pl$ge4 ,on sev]al e/ates1 ! usual all[ance ( spirits has be5 discont9u$1 & sug> or molasses sub/itut$4 ,! temp]ance society 9 ,antigua may be specially reg>d$ z a result ( emancipation4 ,x is "o ( ! gu>dian angels :i* ha/5$ to ! isl& z soon z ! demon ( slav]y 0 ca/ out4 ,,fri5dly ,,societies4 ,! fri5dly societies are design$ exclusively = ! b5efit ( ! negro population4 ,! g5]al object is ?us /at$ 9 ! con/itution ( "o ( ^! societies3 ,! object ( ?is society is to assi/ 9 ! pur*ase ( articles ( m\rn+ = ! dead2 to give relief 9 cases ( unlook$ = di/ress2 to help ^? :o ?r\gh age or infirmities are incapable ( help+ !mselves by m>ket+1 or work+ _! gr\nds2 to enc\rage sobriety & indu/ry1 & to *eck disord]ly & immoral conduct4 ,^! societies obta9 _! funds by lay+ a tax ( "o %ill+ p] mon? on e memb] above eighte5 ye>s ( age1 & ( six p5ce p] mon? on all memb]s "u t age & above twelve1 :i* is ! m9imum ( memb]%ip4 ,! ag$ memb]s are requir$ to pay no m ?an ! sum la/ m5tion$4 ,! fir/ society ( ?is k9d 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,/4 ,john's by ! pres5t rector1 9 #ahbi4 ,subsequ5tly ! ,moravians & ,wesleyans =m$ simil> societies among _! own p4 ,indep5d5t ( ! pecuni>y assi/ance :i* ^! societies be/[1 !y enc\rage 9 a v>iety ( ways ! good ord] ( ! community4 ,= example1 no "o is all[$ to receive assi/ance :o is disabl$ by drunk5ness1 debau*]y1 or disord]ly liv+2 also1 if any memb] ( ! society1 male or female1 is guilty ( adult]y or =nication1 ! (f5d+ memb] %all be susp5d$ = s long a "t z ! memb]s %all see fit1 & %all lose all claim on ! society = any b5efit dur+ ! susp5sion1 & %all n be readmitt$ until cle> & satisfactory evid5ce is giv5 ( p5it5ce4 ,fur!rmore1 ,if any memb] ( ! society %all be expell$ f ! *ur* to :i* he or %e belongs1 or %all commit any (f5ce puni%able by a magi/rate1 t memb] =feits 8 memb]%ip 9 ! society4 ,aga91 ! society directly enc\rages m>riage1 by mak+ a pres5t ( a "y pig to e *ild born 9 w$lock1 & accord+ z _! funds w admit ( x1 giv+ rew>ds to ^? m>ri$ p]sons liv+ fai?fully1 or s+le p]sons liv+ virtu\sly1 :o take a pride 9 keep+ _! h\ses neat & tidy1 & _! g>d5s fl\ri%+4 ,^! societies h be5 m ?an d\bl$1 bo? 9 ! numb] ( memb]s & 9 ! annual receipts1 s9ce emancipation4 ,( ! societies connect$ ) ! e/abli%$ *ur*1 ! rector ( ,/4 ,john's ?us speaks3 ,at ! beg9n+ ( #ahcd !re 7 elev5 societies1 embrac+ #afjb memb]s4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( #ahce !y numb]$ #daig2 & 9 #ahcf !re 7 #defj memb]s1 almo/ quadrupl$ 9 two ye>s6 ,! societies connect$ ) ! ,moravian *ur*1 h m ?an d\bl$1 bo? 9 memb]s & funds1 s9ce emancipation4 ,! funds n[ am\nt to #aj1jjj p] ye>4 ,! ,wesleyans h f\r ,fri5dly societies4 ,! l>ge/ society1 :i* conta9$ six hundr$ & fifty memb]s1 0 organiz$ 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 #ahcd4 ,! la/ ye> x _h exp5d$ #gjj curr5cy1 & _h !n 9 its treasury #fjj curr5cy4 ,n[1 be x rememb]$ t ! ,fri5dly societies exi/ solely among ! fre$ negroes1 & t ! moneys are rais$ exclusively among !m4 ,among :om8 ,a p :o are said to be s prov]bially improvid5t1 t to emancipate !m1 w\ld be to ab&on !m to begg>y1 nak$ness1 & />vation2--a p :o _c take c>e ( !mselves2 :o w n "w :5 fre$ f ! fe> ( ! la%2 :o w\ld squ&] ! e>n+s ( ! day 9 debau*]ies at night2 :o w\ld nev] provide = to-morr[ = ! wants ( a family1 or = ! infirmities ( old age4 ,yea1 among negroes ^! ?+s are done2 & t1 too1 :]e ! wages are b "o %ill+ p] day--less ?an suffici5t1 "o w\ld reasonably suppose1 to provide daily food4 ,,daily ,,meal ,,society4 ,! ma9 object ( ?is society is d5ot$ by its "n4 ,x supplies a daily meal to ^? :o are o!rwise unprovid$ =4 ,a commodi\s h\se _h j be5 complet$ 9 ! suburbs ( ! t[n1 capable ( lodg+ a consid]able numb] ( b5efici>ies4 ,x is design$ to %elt] ^? :o are diseas$1 & _c walk to & fro = _! meals4 ,! numb] n[ f$ at ?is h\se is f eighty to a hundr$4 ,! diseas$1 :o live at ! disp5s>y1 are mo/ly ^? :o are afflict$ ) ! elephantiasis1 by :i* !y are r5d]$ entirely helpless4 ,m$ical aid is suppli$ free ( exp5se4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t !re is no public poor-h\se 9 ,antigua1--a pro( ( ! indu/ry & prosp]ity ( ! emancipat$ p4 ,,di/ress$ ,,females' ,,fri5d ,,society4 ,?is is a society 9 ,/4 ,john's3 !re is also a simil> "o1 call$ ! ,female ,refuge ,society1 at ,engli% ,h>bor4 ,bo? ^! societies 7 e/abli%$ & are conduct$ by color$ ladies4 ,!y are design$ to promote two objects3 ! support ( de/itute ag$ females ( color1 & ! rescue ( poor "y color$ females f vice4 ,! necessity = special ef=ts = ! fir/ object1 arose out ( ! fact1 t ! color$ p 7 all[$ no p>o*ial aid :atev]1 ?\gh !y 7 requir$ to pay _! p>o*ial taxes2 h5ce1 ! support ( _! own poor devolv$ ^u !mselves4 ,! dem& = vigor\s action 9 behalf ( ! "y1 grew out ( ! prevail+ lic5ti\sness ( slave-hold+ times4 ,! society 9 ,/4 ,john's has be5 9 exi/5ce s9ce #ahae4 ,x has a l>ge & commodi\s asylum1 & an annual income1 by subscriptions1 ( #cej1 curr5cy4 ,?is society1 & ! ,female ,refuge ,society e/abli%$ at ,engli% ,h>bor1 h be5 in/rum5tal 9 effect+ a great re=m 9 ! morals ( females1 & p>ticul>ly 9 excit+ reprobation aga9/ t horrid traffic--! sale ( girls by _! mo!rs = purposes ( lu/4 ,we 7 told ( a numb] ( cases 9 :i* ! society 9 ,/4 ,john's _h rescu$ "y females f imp5d+ ru94 ,_m memb]s ( ! society itself1 look to x z ! gu>dian ( _! orphanage4 ,among o!r cases relat$ to u1 0 t ( a lovely girl ( fifte51 :o 0 b>t]$ away to a plant] by h] "m1 a dissolute woman4 ,! plant] 0 to give h] a quantity ( clo? to ! value ( #hj curr5cy1 & two "y slaves2 he 0 also to give ! gr&mo!r1 = h] int]e/ 9 ! girl1 "o gallon ( rum6 ,! night 0 appo9t$1 & a gig 9 wait+ to take away ! victim1 :5 a female fri5d 0 made acqua9t$ ) ! plot1 j 9 "t to save ! girl by remov+ h] to h] own h\se4 ,! "m 0 infuriat$1 & endeavor$ to get h] back1 b ! girl _h occasionally att5d$ a ,sabba? s*ool1 :]e %e imbib$ pr9ciples :i* =bade h] to yield ev5 to h] "m = su* an unhall[$ purpose4 ,%e 0 tak5 be=e a magi/rate1 & ind5tur$ h]self to a mill9] = two ye>s4 ,! "m made an attempt to rega9 h]1 & 0 assi/$ by "s :ites ) money to comm5ce a suit = t purpose4 ,! lady :o def5d$ h] 0 accord+ly prosecut$1 & ! :ole case became notori\s4 ,! prosecutors 7 foil$4 ,at ! close ( h] appr5tice%ip1 ! "y woman 0 m>ri$ to a highly respectable color$ g5tleman1 n[ resid5t 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,! notoriety :i* 0 giv5 to ! above case _h a happy effect4 ,x br\ght ! society & its object m fully be=e ! public1 & ! contributions = its support greatly increas$4 ,^? = ^: b5efit ! asylum 0 op5$1 he>d ( x1 & came begg+ to be receiv$4 ,?is society is a signal evid5ce t ! color$ p nei!r lack ! ability to devise1 nor ! he>ts to *]i%1 nor ! zeal to execute plans ( enl>g$ b5evol5ce & m]cy4 ,! ,juv5ile ,association1 too1 ( :i* we gave "s acc\nt 9 describ+ its anniv]s>y1 orig9at$ ) ! color$ p1 & furni%es additional evid5ce ( ! tal5ts & *>ities ( t class ( ! community4 ,besides ! societies already enum]at$1 !re are two associations connect$ ) ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 call$ ! ,society = ! ,promotion ( ,*ri/ian ,k1 & ! ,bran* ,association ( ! ,society = ,advanc+ ! ,*ri/ian ,fai? 9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 c4 ,^! societies are also design$ *iefly = ! b5efit ( ! negro population4 ,,education4 ,our inquiries "u ?is head 7 direct$ to ?ree pr9cipal po9ts--fir/1 ,! ext5t to :i* education prevail$ previ\s to emancipation2 second1 ,! improvem5ts introduc$ s9ce2 & ?ird1 ,! comp>ative capacity ( negroes = receiv+ in/ruction4 ,be+ provid5tially 9 ! isl& at ! season ( ! ye> :5 all ! s*ools h _! annual exam9ations1 we enjoy$ ! mo/ favorable opportunities = procur+ intellig5ce on ! subject ( education4 ,f v>i\s qu>t]s we receiv$ invitations to att5d s*ool exam9ations4 ,we visit$ ! s*ools at ,p>ham1 ,will\ghby ,bay1 ,newfield2 ,c$> ,hall1 ,grace ,bay1 ,fit*'s ,creek1 & o!rs3 besides visit+ ! p>o*ial s*ool1 ! rectory s*ool1 ! ,moravian & ,wesleyan s*ools1 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,all ! s*ools1 save ^? 9 ,/4 ,john's1 7 almo/ exclusively compos$ ( emancipat$ *ildr5 f ! e/ates4 ,,visit ,,to ,,! ,,p>o*ial ,,s*ool4 ,at ! invitation ( ! ,gov]nor1 we accompani$ him to ! annual exam9ation ( ! p>o*ial s*ool1 9 ,/4 ,john's1 "u ! sup]9t5dance ( ! ,episcopal *ur*4 ,x has increas$ greatly1 bo? 9 s*ol>s & effici5cy1 s9ce emancipation1 & contributions are made to its support by ! p>5ts ^: *ildr5 receive its b5efits4 ,we f\nd "o hundr$ & fifty *ildr51 ( bo? sexes1 assembl$ 9 ! society's rooms4 ,!re 0 e color pres5t1 f ! deepe/ hue ( ! ,e?iopian1 to ! fa9te/ %ad[+ ( br[n4 ,! boys con/itut+ ! fir/ class1 to ! numb] ( fifty1 7 call$ up4 ,!y read ) mu* flu5cy & di/9ctness1 equall+ :ite boys ( ! same age any:]e4 ,aft] read+1 v>i\s que/ions 7 put to !m by ! ,ar*deacon1 :i* !y answ]$ ) promptness & accuracy4 ,words 7 promiscu\sly select$ f ! *apt] !y _h read1 & e "o 0 promptly spell$4 ,! cate*ism 0 ! next ex]cise1 & !y manife/$ a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) its cont5ts4 ,our att5tion 0 p>ticul>ly call$ to ! exam9ation 9 ari?metic4 ,_m ( ! *ildr5 solv$ que/ions readily 9 ! comp\nd rules1 & sev]al ( !m 9 ,practice1 giv+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! p\nd1 %ill+1 & p5ny1 us$ 9 t rule1 & all ! :ys & :]e=es ( ! ?+1 ) great promptness4 ,"o lad1 only t5 ye>s ( age1 ^: att5dance _h be5 v irregul> on acc\nt ( be+ employ$ 9 le>n+ a trade1 p]=m$ intricate examples 9 ,practice1 ) a facility wor?y ! c\nt+-h\se desk4 ,we put sev]al inquiries on diff]5t p>ts ( ! process1 9 ord] to te/ _! real k1 to :i* we always receiv$ cle> answ]s4 ,! girls 7 !n exam9$ 9 ! same /udies & ex]cises1 except ari?metic1 & display$ ! same gratify+ pr(ici5cy4 ,!y also pres5t$ specim5s ( ne$lework & /rawbraid+1 :i* ! ladies1 on ^: bett] judgm5t we dep5d1 pron\nc$ v cr$itable4 ,we notic$ sev]al girls mu* old] ?an ! o!rs1 :o _h made mu* less advance 9 _! /udies1 & on inquiry le>n$1 t !y _h be5 memb]s ( ! s*ool b a %ort "t1 hav+ =m]ly be5 employ$ to wield ! heavy hoe 9 ! cane field4 ,! p>5ts are v desir\s to give _! *ildr5 education1 & make _m sacrifices = t purpose4 ,_m :o are field-labor]s 9 ! c\ntry1 receiv+ _! %ill+ a day1 h s5t _! *ildr5 to reside ) "s relations or fri5ds 9 t[n1 = ! purpose ( giv+ !m ! b5efits ( ?is s*ool4 ,sev]al su* *ildr5 7 po9t$ out to u4 ,! increase ( female s*ol>s dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( emancipation1 0 9 ?is s*ool alone1 ab\t eighty4 ,= our gratification1 ! ,gov]nor reque/$ t all ! *ildr5 emancipat$ on ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 might be call$ up & plac$ on our side ( ! room4 ,ne>ly "o hundr$ *ildr51 ( bo? sexes1 :o two ye>s ago 7 slaves1 n[ /ood up be=e u ,,free4 ,we notic$ "o little girl among ! re/1 ab\t t5 ye>s old1 :o bore n ! lea/ t+e ( color4 ,h] hair 0 /raight & light1 & h] face _h t m+l+ ( v]milion & :ite1 :i* ,am]icans seem to consid]1 n only ! nonp>eil /&>d ( beauty1 b ! immaculate te/ ( human rights4 ,at h] side 0 ano!r ) ! deepe/ hue ( ! native ,african4 ,!re 7 high emotions on ! c\nt5ances ( ^? r$eem$ ones1 :5 we spoke to !m ( emancipation4 ,! undy+ pr9ciple ( fre$om liv+ & burn+ 9 ! s\l ( ! mo/ degrad$ slave1 l lamps amid ! d>kness ( ea/]n sepul*res1 0 k9dl+ up brilliantly )9 !m1 "y z !y 71 & fla%+ 9 smiles ^u _! ebon faces4 ,! ,gov]nor made a few rem>ks1 9 :i* he gave "s good advice1 & express$ himself highly pleas$ ) ! appe>ance & pr(ici5cy ( ! s*ool4 ,8 excell5cy rem>k$ to u 9 a tone ( pleasantry1 ,y see1 g5tlem51 ^! *ildr5 h s\ls4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! exam9ation2 he said to u1 ,y p]ceive t x is our policy to give ^! *ildr5 e *ance to make m5 ( !mselves4 ,we look ^u !m z our future citiz5s4 ,he _h no d\bt t ! ris+ g5]ation w\ld assume a position 9 society above ! contempt or opposition ( ! :ites4 ,,infant ,,s*ools ,,9 ,,! ,,c\ntry4 ,we _h ! pleasure ( att5d+ "o ( ! infant s*ools 9 ! vic9ity ( ,p>ham1 on ! ea/ side ( ! isl&4 ,hav+ be5 invit$ by a plant]1 :o k9dly s5t 8 horse & c>riage = our conveyance1 to call & take breakfa/ ) him on our way1 we drove out e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,:ile we 7 walk+ ab\t ! e/ate1 our att5tion 0 arre/$ by di/ant s++4 ,z we ca/ our eyes up a road cross+ ! e/ate1 we discov]$ a p>ty ( *ildr56 ,!y 7 ab\t tw5ty 9 numb]1 & 7 m>*+ h& 9 h& to ! music ( _! infant voices4 ,!y 7 *ildr5 f a neighbor+ e/ate1 on _! way to ! exam9ation at ,p>ham1 & 7 s++ ! hymns :i* !y _h le>n$ at s*ool4 ,all _h _! ,te/am5ts 9 _! h&s1 & seem$ "r m]ry-he>t$4 ,we 7 receiv$ at ! gate ( ! *apel by ! ,wesleyan mission>y locat$ 9 ?is di/9ct1 a highly respectable & intellig5t color$ man1 :o 0 t5 ye>s s9ce a slave4 ,he gave u a cordial welcome1 & conduct$ u to ! *apel1 :]e we f\nd ! *ildr51 to ! numb] ( f\r hundr$1 assembl$1 & ! exam9ation already comm5c$4 ,!re 7 six s*ools pres5t1 repres5t+ ab\t tw5ty e/ates1 & arrang$ "u _! respective tea*]s4 ,! ages ( ! pupils 7 f ?ree to t5 or twelve4 ,!y 7 all1 ) ! exception ( two or ?ree1 ! *ildr5 ( emancipat$ slaves4 ,!y came up by classes to ! sup]9t5d5t's desk1 :]e !y read & 7 exam9$4 ,!y read correctly2 "s ( !m too1 :o _h be5 9 s*ool only a few m\?s1 9 any portion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t select$ = !m4 ,by reque/ ( ! sup]9t5d5t1 we put sev]al inquiries to !m1 :i* !y answ]$ 9 a way :i* %[$ t !y ?\ght4 ,!y manife/$ an acqua9tance ) ! ,bible & ! use ( language :i* 0 truly surpris+4 ,x 0 delightful to see s _m t9y be+s /& ar\nd y1 dress$ 9 _! tidy g[ns & frocks1 ) _! bright morn+ faces1 & read ) ! self-composure ( manhood1 any passage *os5 = !m4 ,!y all1 l>ge & small1 bore 9 _! h&s ! *>t] ( _! fre$om1 ! book by ! influ5ce ( :i* !y receiv$ all ! privileges !y 7 enjoy+4 ,on ! cov] ( ea* 0 /amp$ 9 l>ge capitals--,,pres5t$ ,,by ,,! ,,briti% ,,& ,,=eign ,,bible ,,society1 ,,9 ,,commemoration ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,( ,,augu/1 #ahcd4 ,at ! close ( ! exam9ation1 ! rew>ds1 consi/+ ( books1 "w-bags1 c4 c41 *iefly s5t by a society ( females 9 ,engl&1 7 di/ribut$4 ,x 0 impossible to repress ! eff]vesc5ce ( ! little expectants4 ,z a little "o f\r ye>s old came up = h] rew>d1 ! sup]9t5d5t said to h]--,well1 little ,becky1 :at d y want8 ,me wants a bag1 said ,becky1 & me wants a p9-cu%ion1 & me wants a little book4 ,becky's desires 7 l>ge1 b be+ a good girl1 %e 0 gratifi$4 ,occasionally ! girls 7 left to *oose betwe5 a book & a "w-bag1 & al?\gh ! bag might be gaudy & tempt+1 !y inv>iably took ! book4 ,! tea*]s 7 all b "o blacks1 & 7 =m]ly slaves4 ,!y are v devot$ & fai?ful1 b are ill-qualifi$ = _! duties1 hav+ obta9$ all ! le>n+ !y possess 9 ! ,sabba? s*ool4 ,!y are all pi\s1 & ex]t a h>py influ5ce on ! morals ( _! pupils4 ,! numb] ( s*ol>s has v greatly increas$ s9ce emancipation1 & _! morals h ess5tially improv$4 ,in/ances ( falsehood & !ft1 :i* at fir/ 7 fe>fully frequ5t & bold1 h mu* less5$4 ,!y beg9 to h a reg>d = "*4 ,_! s5se ( "r & wrong is enlight5$1 & _! p[] ( resi/+ temptation1 & adh]+ to "r1 manife/ly increas$4 ,on ! :ole1 we "k n :]e we h look$ on a m delightful sc5e4 ,to /& 9 front ( ! pulpit & look ar\nd on a multitude ( negro *ildr51 ga!r$ f ! sordid huts into :i* slav]y _h c>ri$ ignorance & mis]y--to see !m com+ up1 ) _! tea*]s ( ! same proscrib$ hue1 to he> !m read ! ,bible1 answ] ) read9ess ! que/ions ( _! sup]9t5d5t1 & lift up toge!r _! songs ( infant praise1 & !n to rememb] t two ye>s ago ^! f\r hundr$ *ildr5 7 slaves1 & /ill m to rememb] t 9 our own c\ntry1 boa/+ its republicanism & ,*ri/ian in/itutions1 !re are ?\s&s ( j su* *ildr5 "u ! yoke & sc\rge1 9 utt] hea!nism1 ! victims ( tyrannic law or ( m tyrannic public op9ion--caus$ ! he>t to swell ) emotions unutt]able4 ,!re 7 z _m intellig5t c\nt5ances1 & z mu* activity & sprightl9ess1 z we ev] saw among an equal numb] ( *ildr5 any:]e4 ,! correctness ( _! read+1 ! p]t95ce ( _! replies1 ! g5]al pro(s ( tal5t :i* !y %[$ ?r\gh all ! ex]cises1 ev9c$ t !y are none inf]ior to ! *ildr5 ( _! :ite oppressors4 ,aft] s++ a hymn !y all kneel$ d[n1 & ! s*ool clos$ ) a pray] & b5$iction4 ,!y cont9u$ s++ z !y retir$ f ! h\se1 & long aft] !y _h p>t$ on _! diff]5t ways home1 _! voices swell$ on ! breeze at a di/ance z ! little p>ties f ! e/ates *ant$ on _! way ! songs ( ! s*ool room4 ,,will\ghby ,,bay ,,exam9ation4 ,:5 we ent]$ ! s*ool h\se at ,will\ghby ,bay1 :i* is capable ( conta9+ a ?\s& p]sons1 a l[ murmur1 l ! notes ( prep>ation1 ran ov] ! multitude4 ,"o s*ool came 9 aft] we arriv$1 m>*+ 9 regul> file1 ) _! tea*]1 a negro man1 at _! head1 & _! /&>d be>] foll[+2 next1 a sable girl ) a box ( ,te/am5ts on h] head4 ,! :ole numb] ( *ildr5 0 ?ree hundr$ & fifty4 ,! male division 0 fir/ call$ out1 & m>*$ sev]al times ar\nd ! room1 s++ & keep+ a regul> /ep4 ,aft] sev]al r\nds1 !y came to a halt1 fil+ (f & =m+ into ranks f\r r[s deep--9 qu>t]-circle %ape4 ,! music /ill cont9u+1 ! girls salli$ =?1 w5t ?r\gh ! same evolutions1 & f9ally =m$ 9 r[s correspond+ ) ^? ( ! boys1 s z to compose ) ! latt] a semicircle4 ,! s*ools 7 successively exam9$ 9 spell+1 read+1 writ+1 cyph]+1 c41 aft] ! mann] already detail$4 ,9 mo/ respects !y %[$ equal pr(ici5cy ) ! *ildr5 ( ,p>ham2 & 9 read+ ! ,te/am5t1 _! accuracy 0 ev5 great]4 ,9 look+ ov] ! writ+1 sev]al inc5di>y copies caught our eyes4 ,"o 01 ,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is j & equal4 ,ano!r1 ,if ,i neglect ! cause ( my s]vant1 :at %all ,i d :5 ,i appe> be=e my ,ma/]6 ,a few ye>s ago1 _h *ildr5 be5 p]mitt$ to write at all1 "o su* copy z ! above w\ld h explod$ ! s*ool1 & p]*ance s5t ! tea*] to jail = s$ition4 ,b n[1 ?anks to ,god6 ! ,negro *ildr5 ( ,antigua are taught lib]ty f _! ,bibles1 f _! song books1 & f _! copy books too2 !y read ( lib]ty1 !y s+ ( x1 & !y write ( x2 !y *ant to lib]ty 9 _! s*ool rooms1 & !y resume ! /ra9s on _! homew>d way1 till e ru/l+ lime-grove1 & wav+ cane-field1 is alive ) _! notes1 & e hillock & dell r+s ) free e*oes4 ,! girls1 9 _! turn1 press$ ar\nd u ) ! livelie/ eag]ness to display _! little pieces ( ne$le-"w4 ,"s _h sampl]s m>k$ ) lett]s & devices 9 v>i-color$ silk4 ,o!rs %[$ specim5s ( /it*+2 :ile ! little ones held up _! rude attempts at hemm+ h&k]*iefs1 aprons1 & s on4 ,dur+ ! ex]cises we spoke to sev]al eld]ly wom51 :o 7 pres5t to witness ! sc5e4 ,!y 7 labor]s on ! e/ates1 b hav+ *ildr5 9 ! s*ool1 !y _h put on _! ,sunday dresses1 & come to see4 ,we spoke to "o1 ( ! privileges :i* ! *ildr5 7 enjoy+1 s9ce fre$om4 ,h] eyes fill$1 & %e exclaim$1 ,yes1 massa1 we d tank de good ,"l = br+ de free--nev] c be too tankful4 ,%e said %e _h sev5 *ildr5 pres5t1 & x made h] feel happy to "k t !y 7 le>n+ to read4 ,ano!r woman said1 :5 %e he>d ! *ildr5 read+ s f9ely1 %e want$ to take de ^w's out ( da m\ts & put em 9 h] own4 ,9 ! morn+1 :5 %e fir/ ent]$ ! s*ool h\se1 %e felt q sick1 b all ! pleasant ?+s %e saw & he>d1 _h made h] well1 & %e add$1 ,i tell y1 me massa1 x d my old he>t good to come "h4 ,ano!r ag$ woman1 :o _h gr&-*ildr5 9 ! s*ool1 said1 :5 %e saw :at advantages ! *ildr5 enjoy$1 %e almo/ cri$ to ?9k %e 0 n a *ild too4 ,besides ^! !re 7 a numb] ( adult m5 & wom51 :om curiosity or p>5tal solicitude _h br\ght toge!r1 & !y 7 ?rong+ ab\t ! w9d[s & doors witness+ ! v>i\s ex]cises ) ! deepe/ int]e/4 ,among ! re/ 0 "o old patri>*1 :o1 anxi\s to be> "s "p h[ev] humble 9 ! ex]cises ( ! occasion1 walk$ to & fro among ! *ildr51 ) a six feet pole 9 8 h&1 to keep ord]4 ,^! s*ools1 & ^? exam9$ at ,p>ham1 are "u ! g5]al sup]vision ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,?waites1 an indefatigable & long tri$ fri5d ( ! negroes4 ,we "h ins]t a valuable communication :i* we receiv$ f ,mr4 ,t4 9 reply to sev]al qu]ies address$ to him4 ,x w give fur!r in=mation relative to ! s*ools4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,?waites' ,replies to ,qu]ies on ,education 9 ,antigua4 #a4 ,:at has be5 y\r bus9ess = "s ye>s pa/ 9 ,antigua8 ,a sup]9t5d5t ( s*ools1 & cate*i/ to ! negroes4 #b4 ,h[ long h y be5 engag$ 9 ?is bus9ess8 ,tw5ty-f\r ye>s4 ,! fir/ f\r ye>s engag$ gratuit\sly1 t5 ye>s employ$ by ! ,*ur* ,mission>y ,society1 & s9ce1 by ! ,wesleyan ,mission>y ,society4 #c4 ,h[ _m s*ools h y "u y\r *>ge8 ,sunday s*ools1 7includ+ all belong+ to ! ,wesleyan ,mission>y ,society17 eight1 ) #ahej s*ol>s2 day s*ools1 sev5te5 ) #abej s*ol>s2 night s*ools on tw5ty-six e/ates1 #ccf s*ol>s4 ,! total numb] ( s*ol>s "u in/ruction is ab\t #cejj4 #d4 ,are ! s*ol>s pr9cipally ! *ildr5 :o 7 emancipat$ 9 ,augu/1 #ahcd8 ,yes1 except ! *ildr5 9 ,/4 ,john's1 mo/ ( :om 7 free be=e4 #e4 ,are ! tea*]s negroes1 color$1 or :ite8 ,"o :ite1 f\r color$1 & sixte5 black4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,?is numb] includes only sal>i$ tea*]s1 & n ! gratuit\s4 #f4 ,h[ _m ( ! tea*]s 7 slaves prior to ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd8 ,?irte54 #g4 ,:at 7 _! opportunities = le>n+8 ,! ,sunday & night s*ools2 & !y h mu* improv$ !mselves s9ce !y h be5 9 _! pres5t employm5t4 #h4 ,:at are _! qualifications = tea*+1 z to education1 religion1 zeal1 p]sev]ance1 c48 ,! :ite & two ( ! color$ tea*]s1 ,i presume1 are well calculat$1 9 all respects1 to c>ry on a s*ool 9 ! able/ mann]4 ,! o!rs are defici5t 9 education1 b are zeal\s1 & v p]sev]+4 #i4 ,:at are ! wages ( ^! tea*]s8 ,! tea*]s' pay is1 "s f\r1 & "s ?ree doll>s p] mon?4 ,?is sum is f> too small1 & w\ld be great] if ! funds 7 suffici5t4 #aj4 ,h[ & by :om are ! exp5ses ( sup]9t5d5t1 tea*]s1 & s*ools defray$8 ,! sup]9t5d5t's sal>y1 c41 is paid by ! ,wesleyan ,mission>y ,society4 ,! exp5ses ( tea*]s & s*ools are defray$ by *>itable societies & fri5ds 9 ,engl&1 p>ticul>ly ! ,negro ,education ,society1 :i* grants #ejl4 /]l+ p] annum t[>ds ?is object1 & pays ! r5t ( ! ,*ur* ,mission>y ,society's premises 9 ,will\ghby ,bay = use ( ! s*ools4 ,ab\t #dfl4 /]l+ p] annum is also rais$ f ! *ildr52 ea* *ild taught writ+ & ne$le-"w1 pays #a-a_/b;d4 /]l+ p] week4 #aa4 ,is x y\r op9ion t ! negro *ildr5 are z ready to receive in/ruction z :ite *ildr58 ,yes1 p]fectly s4 #ab4 ,d p>5ts manife/ int]e/ 9 ! education ( _! *ildr58 ,!y d4 ,"s ( ! p>5ts are1 h[ev]1 /ill v ignorant1 & are n aw>e h[ mu* _! *ildr5 lose by irregul> att5dance at ! s*ools4 #ac4 ,h !re be5 _m in/ances ( !ft among ! s*ol>s8 ,n m ?an among any o!r class ( *ildr54 ,,results4 ,besides an att5dance ^u ! v>i\s s*ools1 we procur$ specific in=mation f tea*]s1 mission>ies1 plant]s1 & o!rs1 ) reg>d to ! pa/ & pres5t /ate ( education1 & ! weight ( te/imony 0 to ! foll[+ effect3 ,fir/1 ,t education 0 by no means ext5sive previ\s to emancipation4 ,! te/imony ( "o plant] 01 t n a t5? "p ( ! pres5t adult population knew ! lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,o!r plant]s1 & "s mission>ies1 ?\ght ! proportion might be some:at l>g]2 b all agre$ t x 0 v small4 ,! te/imony ( ! v5]able ,mr4 ,newby1 ! olde/ ,moravian mission>y 9 ! isl&1 01 t su* 0 ! opposition among ! plant]s1 x 0 impossible to tea* ! slaves1 except+ by night1 secretly4 ,mr4 ,?waites in=m$ u t ! *ildr5 7 n all[$ to att5d day s*ool aft] !y 7 six ye>s old4 ,all ! in/ruction !y obta9$ aft] t age1 0 got at night--a v unsuitable "t to /udy1 = ^? :o work$ all day "u an exhau/+ sun4 ,x is manife/ t ! in/ruction receiv$ "u six ye>s ( age1 w\ld soon be effac$ by ! incessant toil ( subsequ5t life4 ,! acc\nt giv5 9 a =m] connection ( ! adult s*ool "u ! *>ge ( ,mr4 ,morri%1 at ,newfield1 %[s mo/ cle>ly ! pa/ inatt5tion to education4 ,& yet ,mr4 ,m4 /at$ t 8 s*ool 0 a fair specim5 ( ! intellig5ce ( ! negroes g5]ally4 ,"o m evid5ce 9 po9t is ! ackn[l$g$ ignorance ( ,mr4 ,?waites' tea*]s4 ,aft] se>*+ ?r\gh ! :ole fre$ population = a doz5 suitable tea*]s ( *ildr54 ,mr4 ,t4 c\ld n f9d ev5 t numb] :o c\ld read well4 ,_m *ildr5 9 ! s*ools ( six ye>s old read bett] ?an _! tea*]s4 ,we mu/ n be und]/ood to intimate t up to ! p]iod ( ! ,emancipation1 ! plant]s utt]ly prohibit$ ! education ( _! slaves4 ,public s5tim5t _h und]gone "s *ange previ\s to t ev5t4 ,:5 ! public op9ion ( ,engl& began to be awak5$ aga9/ slav]y1 ! plant]s 7 indur$1 = peace sake1 to tol]ate education to "s ext5t2 ?\gh !y _c be said to h enc\rag$ x until aft] ,emancipation4 ,?is is ! sub/ance ( ! /atem5ts made to u4 ,h5ce x appe>s t :5 ! active opposition ( ! plant]s to education ceas$1 x 0 succe$$ by a g5]al indiff]5ce1 b little less disc\rag+4 ,we ( c\rse speak ( ! plant]s z a body2 !re 7 "s honorable exceptions4 ,second1 ,education has become v ext5sive s9ce emancipation4 ,!re are probably n less ?an six ?\s& *ildr5 :o n[ enjoy daily in/ruction4 ,^! are ( all ages "u twelve4 ,all classes feel an int]e/ 9 k4 ,:ile ! s*ools previ\sly e/abli%$ are fl\ri%+ 9 newness ( life1 additional ones are spr++ up 9 e qu>t]4 ,sabba? s*ools1 adult & infant s*ools1 day & ev5+ s*ools1 are all cr[d$4 ,a tea*] 9 a ,sabba? s*ool 9 ,/4 ,john's in=m$ u1 t ! increase 9 t s*ool imm$iately aft] emancipation 0 s sudd5 & great1 t he c\ld comp>e x to no?+ b ! ris+ ( ! m]cury :5 ! !rmomet] is remov$ out ( ! %ade into ! sun4 ,we le>n$ t ! ,bible 0 ! pr9cipal book taught 9 all ! s*ools ?r\gh\t ! isl&4 ,z soon z ! *ildr5 h le>n$ to read1 ! ,bible is put into _! h&s4 ,!y n only read x1 b commit to memory portions ( x e day3--! fir/ lesson 9 ! morn+ is an exam9ation on "s passage ( scripture4 ,we h nev] se51 ev5 among ,sabba? s*ool *ildr51 a bett] acqua9tance ) ! *>act]s & ev5ts record$ 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 ?an among ! negro *ildr5 9 ,antigua4 ,^? passages :i* inculcate ob$i5ce to law are /rongly en=c$2 & ! prohibitions aga9/ /eal+1 ly+1 *eat+1 idl5ess1 c41 are reit]at$ day & night4 ,great att5tion is paid to s++ 9 all ! s*ools4 ,! songs :i* !y usually sung1 embrac$ su* topics z ,love to ,god--! pres5ce ( ,god--ob$i5ce to p>5ts--fri5d%ip = bro!rs & si/]s & s*oolmates--love ( s*ool--! s9fulness ( slo?1 ( ly+1 & ( /eal+4 ,we quote ! foll[+ hymn z a specim5 ( ! subjects :i* are introduc$ into _! songs3 (t5 7 we greet$ ) ?is sweet hymn1 :ile visit+ ! diff]5t s*ools ?r\gh\t ! isl&4 ,,bro!rly ,,love4 ,,*orus4 ,we're all bro!rs1 si/]s1 bro!rs1 ,we're si/]s & bro!rs1 ,& heav5 is our home4 ,we're all bro!rs1 si/]s1 bro!rs1 ,we're si/]s & bro!rs1 ,& heav5 is our home4 ,! ,god ( heav5 is pleas$ to see ,t little *ildr5 all agree2 ,& w n slight ! praise !y br+1 ,:5 lov+ *ildr5 jo9 to s+3 ,we're all bro!rs1 si/]s1 bro!rs1 c4 ,= love & k9dness please him m ,?an if we gave him all our /ore2 ,& *ildr5 "h1 :o dwell 9 love1 ,are l 8 happy ones above4 ,we're all bro!rs1 si/]s1 bro!rs1 c4 ,! g5tle *ild t tries to please1 ,t hates to qu>rel1 fret1 & teaze1 ,& w\ld n say an angry ^w-- ,t *ild is pleas+ to ! ,"l4 ,we're all bro!rs1 si/]s1 bro!rs1 c4 ,o ,god6 =give1 :5ev] we ,=get ?y w1 & disagree2 ,& grant t ea* ( u1 may f9d ,! sweet delight ( be+ k9d4 ,we're all bro!rs1 si/]s1 bro!rs1 c4 ,we 7 conv9c$ t ! negroes 7 z capable ( receiv+ in/ruction z any p 9 ! _w4 ,! te/imony ( tea*]s1 mission>ies1 cl]gym51 & plant]s1 0 uni=m on ?is po9t4 ,said "o plant] ( age & long exp]i5ce on ! isl&1 ,! negroes are z capable ( culture z any p on e>?4 ,color makes no diff]5ce 9 m9ds4 ,x is slav]y alone t has degrad$ ! negro4 ,ano!r plant]1 by way ( reply+ to our inquiry on ?is subject1 s5t = a negro *ild ( five ye>s1 :o read ) great flu5cy 9 any "p ( ! ,te/am5t to :i* we turn$ h]4 ,n[1 said ! g5tleman1 ,i %\ld be a%am$ to let y he> my own son1 ( ! same age ) t little girl1 read aft] h]4 ,we put ! foll[+ que/ions to ! ,wesleyan mission>ies3 ,are ! negroes z apt to le>n1 z o!r p 9 simil> circum/ances8 ,_! writt5 reply 0 ?is3 ,we ?9k !y are2 ! same div]sifi$ qualities ( intellect appe> among !m1 z among o!r p4 ,we put ! same "q to ! ,moravian mission>ies1 to ! cl]gym51 & to ! tea*]s ( ea* d5om9ation1 "s ( :om1 hav+ taught s*ools 9 ,engl&1 7 well qualifi$ to judge betwe5 ! ,european *ildr5 & ! negro *ildr52 & we uni=mly receiv$ sub/antially ! same answ]4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 ! air ( surprise ) :i* our "q 0 (t5 receiv$1 t x requir$ "s c\rage to repeat x4 ,sometimes x excit$ a smile1 z ?\gh we c\ld n be s]i\s 9 ! inquiry4 ,& inde$ we seldom got a direct & explicit answ]1 )\t previ\sly /at+ by way ( explanation t we _h no d\bts ( our own1 b wi%$ to remove ^? ext5sively ent]ta9$ among our c\ntrym54 ,aft] all1 we 7 sc>cely cr$it$ 9 ,antigua4 ,su* cases z ! foll[+ 7 common 9 e s*ool3 *ildr5 ( f\r & five ye>s old read+ ! ,bible2 *ildr5 beg9n+ 9 _! ,a1 ,b1 ,c's1 & le>n+ to read 9 f\r mon?s2 *ildr5 ( five & six1 answ]+ a v>iety ( que/ions on ! hi/orical p>ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 *ildr5 b a little old]1 display+ f9e specim5s ( p5man%ip1 p]=m+ sums 9 ! comp\nd rules1 & runn+ ov] ! multiplication table1 & ! p\nd1 %ill+1 & p5ce table1 )\t mi/ake4 ,we 7 griev$ to f9d t mo/ ( ! tea*]s employ$ 9 ! in/ruction ( ! *ildr51 7 exce$+ly unfit = ! "w4 ,!y are v ignorant !mselves1 & h b little skill 9 ! managem5t ( *ildr54 ,?is h[ev] is a necess>y evil4 ,! emancipat$ negroes feel a great anxiety = ! education ( _! *ildr54 ,!y enc\rage !m to g to s*ool1 & !y labor to support !m1 :ile !y h /rong temptation to deta9 !m at home to "w4 ,!y also pay a small sum e week = ! ma9t5ance ( ! s*ools4 ,9 conclusion1 we w\ld obs]ve1 t "o ( ! prom95t features ( reg5]at$ ,antigua1 is its education4 ,an intellig5t religion1 & a religi\s education1 are ! tw9 glories ( ?is emancipat$ colony4 ,x is comm5t en\gh ^u ! diff]5ce betwe5 slav]y & fre$om1 t ! same ag5ts :i* are deprecat$ z ! de/roy]s ( ! "o1 are *]i%$ z ! def5d]s ( ! o!r4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u a detail ( ! te/imony :i* be>s m directly ^u slav]y 9 ,am]ica1 we deem x prop] to consid] ! inquiry4 ,:at is ! am\nt ( fre$om 9 ,antigua1 z regulat$ by law8 #a/4 ,! p are entirely free f ! :ip1 & f all compulsory control ( ! ma/]4 #b;d4 ,!y c *ange employ]s :5ev] !y become dissatisfi$ ) _! situation1 by previ\sly giv+ a mon?'s notice4 #c;d4 ,!y h ! "r ( trial by jury 9 all cases ( a s]i\s nature1 :ile = small (f5ces1 ! magi/rate's c\rt is op54 ,!y may h legal r$ress = any wrong or viol5ce inflict$ by _! employ]s4 #d?4 ,p>5ts h ! entire control ( _! *ildr54 ,! plant] _c 9 any way int]f]e ) !m4 ,! p>5ts h ! :ole *>ge ( _! support4 #e?4 ,by an express provision ( ! legislature1 x 0 made obligatory ^u e plant] to support all ! sup]annuat$1 infirm1 or diseas$ on ! e/ate1 :o 7 su* at ?is "t ( emancipation4 ,^? :o h become s s9ce #ahcd1 fall ^u ! h&s ( _! relatives = ma9t5ance4 #f?4 ,! am\nt ( wages is n det]m9$ by law4 ,by a g5]al und]/&+ among ! plant]s1 ! rate is at pres5t fix$ at a %ill+ p] day1 or a little m ?an fifty c5ts p] week1 c\nt+ five work+ days4 ,?is matt] is wisely left to be regulat$ by ! "* ( ! seasons1 & ! mutual agreem5t ( ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,z ! isl& is suff]+ r f a paucity ( labor]s1 ?an o!rwise1 labor mu/ 9 good seasons comm& good wages4 ,! pres5t rate ( wages is extremely l[1 ?\gh x is made b>ely tol]able by ! additional p]quisites :i* ! p enjoy4 ,!y h !m h\ses r5t free1 & 9 connection ) !m small premises =ty feet squ>e1 suitable = g>d5s1 & = rais+ p\ltry1 & pigs1 c42 = :i* !y always f9d a ready m>ket4 ,moreov]1 !y are bur!n$ ) no taxes :atev]2 & add$ to ?is1 !y are suppli$ ) m$ical att5dance at ! exp5se ( ! e/ates4 #g?4 ,! ma/] is au?oriz$ 9 case ( neglect ( "w1 or turn+ out late 9 ! morn+1 or entire abs5ce f labor1 to r$uce ! wages1 or )hold !m = a "t1 n exce$+ a week4 #h?4 ,! agricultural labor]s may leave ! field :5ev] !y *oose1 7provid$ !y give a mon?'s previ\s notice17 & engage 9 any o!r bus9ess2 or !y may pur*ase l& & become cultivators !mselves1 ?\gh 9 ei!r case !y are ( c\rse liable to =feit _! h\ses on ! e/ates4 #i?4 ,!y may leave ! isl&1 if !y *oose1 & seek _! =tunes 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w1 by mak+ provision = _! ne> relatives left beh9d4 ,?is privilege has be5 lately te/$ by ! emigration ( "s ( ! negroes to ,dem]>a4 ,! au?orities ( ! isl& became al>m$ le/ !y %\ld lose too _m ( ! labor+ population1 & ! "q 0 "u discussion1 at ! "t we 7 9 ,antigua1 :e!r x w\ld n be lawful to prohibit ! emigration4 ,x 0 settl$1 h[ev]1 t su* a measure w\ld be illegal1 & ! plant]s 7 left to ! alt]native ( ei!r be+ ab&on$ by _! negroes1 or ( secur+ _! cont9uance by add+ to _! com=ts & treat+ !m k9dly4 #aj4 ,! "r ( suffrage1 & eligibility to (fice are subject to no re/rictions1 save ! s+le "o ( prop]ty1 :i* is ! same ) all colors4 ,! prop]ty qualification1 h[ev]1 is s great1 z effectually to exclude ! :ole agricultural negro population = _m ye>s4 #aa?4 ,! ma9 con/abul>y =ce is compos$ ( emancipat$ negroes1 liv+ on ! e/ates4 ,"o or two tru/-wor?y m5 on ea* e/ate are emp[]$ ) ! au?ority ( con/ables 9 relation to ! p on ! same e/ate1 & mu* reliance is plac$ ^u ^! m51 to pres]ve ord] & to br+ (f5d]s to trial4 #ab?4 ,a body ( police has be5 e/abli%$1 ^: duty x is to arre/ all disord]ly or riot\s p]sons1 to repair to ! e/ates 9 case ( tr\ble1 & co-op]ate ) ! con/ables1 9 arraign+ all p]sons *>g$ ) ! violation ( law4 #ac?4 ,! puni%m5t = slight (f5ces1 su* z /eal+ sug>-canes f ! field1 is conf9em5t 9 ! h\se ( correction1 or be+ s5t5c$ to ! tread-mill1 = any p]iod f ?ree days to ?ree mon?s4 ,! puni%m5t = burgl>y1 & o!r high (f5ces1 is solit>y conf9em5t 9 *a9s1 or transportation = life to ,botany ,bay4 ,su* are ! ma9 features 9 ! /atutes1 regulat+ ! fre$om ( ! emancipat$ population ( ,antigua4 ,x w be se5 t !re is no enactm5t :i* mat]ially modifies1 or unduly re/ra9s1 ! lib]ty ( ! subject4 ,!re are no secret res]vations or po/script provisoes1 :i* nullify ! boon ( fre$om4 ,n only is slav]y utt]ly aboli%$1 b all its app5dages are scatt]$ to ! w9ds2 & a sy/em ( imp>tial laws secures ju/ice to all1 ( e color & condition4 ,! measure ( success :i* has cr[n$ ! exp]im5t ( emancipation 9 ,antigua--an exp]im5t tri$ "u s _m adv]se circum/ances1 & ) comp>atively few local advantages--is highly enc\rag+ to slavehold]s 9 our c\ntry4 ,x mu/ be evid5t t ! balance ( advantages betwe5 ! situation ( ,antigua & t ( ! ,s\?1 is decid$ly 9 favor ( ! latt]4 ,! ,s\? has h] resid5t proprietors1 h] res\rces ( weal?1 tal5t1 & ent]prise1 & h] prepond]ance ( :ite population2 %e also enjoys a regul>ity ( seasons1 b r>ely di/urb$ by desolat+ dr\ghts1 a brac+ climate1 :i* imp>ts en]gy & activity to h] labor+ population1 & comp>atively num]\s wants to /imulate & press ! labor] up to ! work+ m>k2 %e has close by h] side ! example ( a free c\ntry1 ^: sup]ior progress 9 int]nal improvem5ts1 weal?1 ! arts & sci5ces1 morals & religion1 all ocul> demon/ration to h] ( h] own wret*$ policy1 & a mov+ appeal 9 favor ( abolition2 & above all1 site has ! opportunity ( *oos+ h] own mode1 & ( ensur+ all ! bless+s ( a volunt>y & peaceable manumission1 :ile ! en]gies1 ! res\rces1 ! sympa?ies1 & ! pray]s ( ! ,nor?1 /& pl$g$ to h] assi/ance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,facts ,,& ,,te/imony4 ,we h res]v$ ! mass ( facts & te/imony1 be>+ imm$iately ^u slav]y 9 ,am]ica1 9 ord] t we might pres5t !m toge!r 9 a cond5s$ furor1 "u di/9ct heads4 ,^! heads1 x w be p]ceiv$1 consi/ *iefly ( propositions :i* are w>mly conte/$ 9 our c\ntry4 ,w ! read] exam9e ^! pr9ciples 9 ! light ( facts8 ,w ! c&id ( our c\ntrym5--:atev] op9ions !y may hi!rto hate ent]ta9$ on ?is subject--he> ! concurr5t te/imony ( num]\s plant]s1 legislators1 lawy]s1 physicians1 & m]*ants1 :o h until ?ree ye>s pa/ be5 w$d$ to slav]y by bir?1 education1 prejudice1 associations1 & suppos$ int]e/1 b :o h s9ce be5 divorc$ f all connection ) ! sy/em8 ,9 mo/ cases we %all give ! names1 ! /ations1 & bus9ess ( our witnesses2 9 a few in/ances1 9 :i* we 7 reque/$ to )hold ! "n1 we %all /ate su* circum/ances z w s]ve to %[ ! /&+ & compet5cy ( ! individuals4 ,if ! read] %\ld f9d 9 :at foll[s1 v little te/imony unfavorable to emancipation1 he may "k ! reason to be1 t little 0 to be glean$ f any "p ( ,antigua4 ,inde$1 we may say t1 ) v few exceptions1 ! s5tim5ts "h record$ z com+ f individuals1 are really ! s5tim5ts ( ! :ole community4 ,!re is no su* ?+ kn[n 9 ,antigua z an oppos+1 disaffect$ p>ty4 ,s complete & ?or\gh has be5 ! *ange 9 public op9ion1 t x w\ld be n[ disreputable to speak aga9/ emancipation4 ,,fir/ ,,proposition4--,! transition f slav]y to fre$om is repres5t$ z a greet revolution1 by :i* a prodigi\s *ange 0 effect$ 9 ! condition ( ! negroes4 ,9 conv]sation ) u1 ! plant]s (t5 spoke ( ! greatness & sudd5ness ( ! *ange4 ,said ,mr4 ,b>n>d1 ( ,gre5 ,ca/le e/ate1 ,! transition f slav]y to fre$om1 0 l pass+ sudd5ly out ( a d>k dungeon into ! light ( ! sun4 ,r4,b4 ,eldridge1 ,esq41 a memb] ( ! assembly1 rem>k$1 t1 ,!re nev] _h be5 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w s great & in/antane\s a *ange 9 ! condition ( s l>ge a body ( p4 ,! ,honorable ,ni*olas ,nug5t1 speak] ( ! h\se ( assembly1 & proprietor1 said1 ,!re nev] 0 s sudd5 a transition f "o /ate to ano!r1 by s l>ge a body ( p4 ,:5 ! clock began to /rike ! h\r ( twelve on ! la/ night ( ,july1 #ahcd1 ! negroes ( ,antigua 7 slaves--:5 x ceas$ !y 7 all freem56 ,x 0 a /up5d\s *ange1 he said1 & x 0 "o ( ! sublime/ spectacles ev] witness$1 to see ! subjects ( ! *ange engag$ at ! v mom5t x occurr$1 9 wor%ipp+ ,god4 ,^!1 & v _m simil> ones1 7 ! spontane\s expressions ( m5 :o _h long cont5d$ aga9/ ! *ange ( :i* !y spoke4 ,x is exce$+ly difficult to make slavehold]s see t !re is any mat]ial diff]5ce betwe5 slav]y & fre$om2 b :5 !y h once r5\nc$ slav]y1 !y w magnify ?is di/9ction m ?an any o!r class ( m54 ,,second ,,proposition4--,emancipation 9 ,antigua 0 ! result ( political & pecuni>y consid]ations m]ely4 ,abolition 0 se5 to be inevitable1 & !re 7 b two c\rses left to ! coloni/s--to adopt ! appr5tice%ip sy/em1 or imm$iate emancipation4 ,motives ( conv5i5ce l$ !m to *oose ! latt]4 ,consid]ations ( g5]al philan?ropy1 ( human rights1 & ( ! s9fulness ( slav]y1 7 sc>cely s mu* z ?\ght (4 ,"s "t previ\s to ! abolition ( slav]y1 a meet+ ( ! influ5tial m5 ( ! isl& 0 call$ 9 ,/4 ,john's1 to memorialize p>liam5t aga9/ ! measure ( abolition4 ,:5 ! meet+ conv5$1 ! ,hon4 ,samuel ,o4 ,baij]1 :o _h be5 ! *ampion ( ! opposition1 0 call$ ^u to propose a plan ( proc$ure4 ,to ! con/]nation ( ! pro-slav]y meet+1 _! lead] arose & spoke to ! foll[+ effect3--,g5tlem51 my previ\s s5tim5ts on ?is subject are well kn[n to y all2 be n surpris$ to le>n t !y h und]gone an entire *ange1 ,i h n alt]$ my views )\t mature delib]ation4 ,i h be5 mak+ calculations ) reg>d to ! probable results ( emancipation1 & ,i h asc]ta9$ beyond a d\bt1 t ,i c cultivate my e/ate at lea/ "o ?ird *eap] by free labor ?an by slave labor4 ,aft] ,mr4 ,b4 _h f9i%$ 8 rem>ks1 ,mr4 ,s4 ,%&s1 memb] ( assembly1 & a weal?y proprietor1 obs]v$ t he ent]ta9$ precisely ! same views ) ^? j express$2 b he ?\ght t ! honorable g5tleman _h be5 unwise 9 utt]+ !m 9 s public a mann]2 =1 said he1 %\ld ^! s5tim5ts rea* ! e> ( p>liam5t1 z com+ f u1 x might induce !m to )hold ! comp5sation4 ,col4 ,edw>ds1 memb] ( ! assembly1 !n arose & said1 t he _h long be5 oppos$ to slav]y1 b he _h n d>$ to av[ 8 s5tim5ts4 ,z might be suppos$1 ! meet+ adj\rn$ )\t effect+ ! object = :i* x 0 conv5$4 ,:5 ! "q came be=e ! colonial assembly1 simil> discussions ensu$1 & f9ally ! bill = imm$iate emancipation pass$ bo? bodies unanim\sly4 ,x 0 an evid5ce ( ! _s ( selfi% exp$i5cy1 :i* prompt$ ! :ole proc$ure1 t !y clogg$ ! emancipation bill ) ! proviso t a c]ta9 gov]nm5tal tax on exports1 call$ ! f\r & a half p] c5t tax,a1 %\ld be repeal$4 ,?us clogg$1 ! bill 0 s5t home = sanction1 b x 0 reject$ by p>liam5t1 & s5t back ) in/ructions1 t be=e x c\ld receive 8 maje/y's seal1 x mu/ appe> :olly un5cumb]$ ) extrane\s provisoes4 ,?is 0 a great disappo9tm5t to ! legislature1 & x s *agr9$ !m t v _m actually )drew _! support f ! bill = emancipation1 :i* pass$ f9ally 9 ! assembly only by ! ca/+ vote ( ! speak]4 ,footnote ,a3 ,we subjo9 ! foll[+ brief hi/ory ( ! f\r & a half p] c5t4 tax1 :i* we procur$ f ! speak] ( ! assembly4 ,9 ! re9 ( ,*>les ,,ii41 ,antigua 0 conqu]$ by ! ,fr5*1 & ! inhabitants 7 =c$ to swe> allegiance to ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 ,9 a v %ort "t ! ,fr5* 7 driv5 (f ! isl& & ! ,engli% aga9 took possession ( x4 ,x 0 !n decl>$1 by ord] ( ! k+1 t z ! p _h1 by swe>+ allegiance to ano!r gov]nm5t1 =feit$ ! protection ( ! ,briti% gov]nm5t1 & all title to _! l&s1 !y %\ld n aga9 receive ei!r1 except on condition ( pay+ to ! k+ a duty ( f\r & a half p] c5t on e article export$ f ! isl&--& t !y 7 to d 9 p]petuity4 ,to ?is h>d condition !y 7 oblig$ to submit1 & !y h groan$ "u ! on]\s duty ev] s9ce4 ,on e occasion1 :i* (f]$ any hope1 !y h s\ght ! repeal ( ! tax1 b h uni=mly be5 defeat$4 ,:5 !y saw t ! abolition "q 0 com+ to a crisis1 !y resolv$ to make a la/ ef=t = ! repeal ( ! f\r & a half p]c5t duty4 ,!y !re=e adopt$ imm$iate emancipation1 & !n1 cov]$ z !y 71 ) ! laurels ( s magnanim\s an act1 !y pres5t$ to p>liam5t _! *]i%$ object4 ,! defeat 0 a humiliat+ "o1 & x produc$ su* a reaction 9 ! isl&1 z well nigh l$ to ! resc9d+ ( ! abolition bill4 ,! v]bal & writt5 /atem5ts ( num]\s plant]s also confirm ! decl>ation t emancipation 0 a measure solely ( selfi% policy4 ,said ,mr4 ,b]n>d1 ( ,gre5 ,ca/le e/ate ,emancipation 0 pref]r$ to appr5tice%ip1 because x 0 att5d$ ) less tr\ble1 & left ! plant]s indep5d5t1 in/ead ( be+ saddl$ ) a legion ( /ip5di>y magi/rates4 ,said ,dr4 ,daniell1 memb] ( ! c\ncil1 & proprietor--,! appr5tice%ip 0 reject$ by u solely f motives ( policy4 ,we did n wi% to be annoy$ ) /ip5di>y magi/rates4 ,said ,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t--,we wi%$ to let ourselves d[n 9 ! easie/ mann] possible2 !re=e we *ose imm$iate fre$om 9 pref]5ce to ! appr5tice%ip4 ,emancipation 0 pref]r$ to appr5tice%ip1 because ( ! inevitable & endless p]plexities connect$ ) ! latt] sy/em4--,david ,cran/\n1 ,esq41 colonial magi/rate & plant]4 ,x is n pret5d$ t emancipation 0 produc$ by ! influ5ce ( religi\s consid]ations4 ,x 0 a measure ( m]e conv5i5ce & int]e/4--,a ,moravian ,mission>y4 ,! foll[+ te/imony is extract$ f a lett] address$ to u by a highly respectable m]*ant ( ,/4 ,john's--a g5tleman ( long exp]i5ce on ! isl&1 & n[ ag5t = sev]al e/ates4 ,emancipation 0 an act ( m]e policy1 adopt$ z ! safe/ & mo/ economic measure4 ,our la/ item ( te/imony "u ?is head is f a writt5 /atem5t by ! ,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t1 speak] ( ! assembly1 at ! "t ( emancipation4 ,8 rem>ks on ?is subject1 al?\gh long1 we are sure w be read ) int]e/4 ,allud+ to ! adoption ( imm$iate emancipation 9 pref]5ce to ! appr5tice%ip1 he obs]ves3-- ,! reasons & consid]ations :i* l$ to ?is /ep 7 v>i\s1 ( c\rse impress+ ! m9ds ( diff]5t individuals 9 diff]5t degrees4 ,z slave emancipation c\ld n be av]t$1 & mu/ inevitably take place v %ortly1 x 0 bett] to meet ! crisis at once1 ?an to h x hang+ ov] our heads = six ye>s1 ) all its h>ass+ d\bts & anxieties2 bett] to give an air ( grace to t :i* w\ld be ultimately unavoidable2 ! slaves %\ld r h a motive ( gratitude & k9d reciprocation1 ?an to feel1 on be+ decl>$ free1 t _! emancipation c\ld nei!r be )held nor ret>d$ by _! own]s4 ,! project$ appr5tice%ip1 :ile x de/roy$ ! means ( an in/ant co]cion 9 a /ate ( involunt>y labor1 equally )drew or neutraliz$ all ^? urg5t motives :i* con/ra9 to indu/ri\s ex]tion 9 ! case ( freem54 ,x ab/ract$ f ! ma/]1 9 a /ate ( ?+s !n b>ely remun]ative1 "o f\r? ( ! "t & labor requir$ 9 cultivation1 & gave x to ! s]vant1 :ile x compell$ ! ma/] to supply ! same all[ances z be=e4 ,) _m irksome re/ra9ts1 conditions1 & responsibilities impos$ on ! ma/]1 x _h no equival5t advantages4 ,!re appe>$ no reason1 9 %ort1 :y g5]al emancipation w\ld n d z well 9 #ahcd z 9 #ahdj4 ,f9ally1 a /rong conviction exi/$ t f peculi>ity ( climate & soil1 ! physical wants & necessities ( ! peasantry w\ld compel !m to labor = _! subsi/5ce1 to seek employm5t & wages f ! proprietors ( ! soil2 & if ! trans=mation c\ld be safely & quietly br\ght ab\t1 t ! free sy/em might be *eap] & m pr(itable ?an ! o!r4 ,! g5]al te/imony ( plant]s1 mission>ies1 cl]gym51 m]*ants1 & o!rs1 0 9 confirmation ( ! same tru?4 ,!re is little reason to believe t ! views ( ! coloni/s on ?is subject h subsequ5tly und]gone mu* *ange4 ,we did n he>1 except+ occasionally among ! mission>ies & cl]gy1 ! slighte/ ins9uation ?r[n out t slav]y 0 s9ful2 t ! slaves _h a "r to fre$om1 or t x w\ld h be5 wrong to h cont9u$ !m 9 bondage4 ,! politics ( anti-slav]y ! ,antiguans are exce$+ly well v]s$ 91 b ( its religion1 !y seem to feel b little4 ,!y seem nev] to h exam9$ slav]y 9 its moral relations2 nev] to h p]ceiv$ its mon/r\s violations ( "r & its impi\s trampl+s ^u ,god & man4 ,! ,antigua plant]s1 x w\ld appe>1 h yet to rep5t ( ! s9 ( slavehold+4 ,if ! results ( an emancipation s de/itute ( pr9ciple1 s purely selfi%1 c\ld produce su* g5]al satisfaction1 & be foll[$ by su* happy results1 x w>rants u 9 anticipat+ /ill m decid$ & unm+l$ bless+s 9 ! tra9 ( a volunt>y1 consci5ti\s1 & religi\s abolition4 ,,?ird ,,proposition4--,! ev5t ( emancipation pass$ ,,peacefully4 ,! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 is univ]sally reg>d$ 9 ,antigua1 z hav+ pres5t$ a mo/ impos+ & sublime moral spectacle4 ,x is almo/ impossible to be 9 ! company ( a mission>y1 a plant]1 or an emancipat$ negro1 = t5 m9utes1 )\t he>+ "s allusion to t occasion4 ,ev5 at ! "t ( our visit to ,antigua1 aft] ! lapse ( ne>ly ?ree ye>s1 !y spoke ( ! ev5t ) an admiration app>5tly unabat$4 ,= "s "t previ\s to ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 =ebod+s ( disa/] l[]$ ov] ! isl&4 ,! day 0 fix$6 ,?irty ?\s& degrad$ human be+s 7 to be br\ght =? f ! dungeon ( slav]y & turn$ loose on ! community6 & ?is 0 to be done 9 a mom5t1 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye4 ,gloomy appreh5sions 7 ent]ta9$ by _m ( ! plant]s4 ,"s timor\s families did n g to b$ on ! night ( ! #ca/ ( ,july2 fe> drove sleep f _! eyes1 & !y await$ ) flutt]+ pulse ! h\r ( midnight1 fe>+ le/ ! same bell :i* s\nd$ ! jubilee ( ! slaves might toll ! dea? knell ( ! ma/]s4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,we 7 in=m$ by a m]*ant ( ,/4 ,john's1 t sev]al ,am]ican vessels :i* _h la9 = weeks 9 ! h>bor1 weigh$ an*or on ! #ca/ ( ,july1 & made _! escape1 ?r\gh actual fe>1 t ! isl& w\ld be de/roy$ on ! foll[+ day4 ,ere !y set sail !y e>ne/ly bes\ght our in=mant to escape f ! isl&1 z he valu$ 8 life4 ,! m intellig5t1 :o und]/ood ! disposition ( ! negroes1 & contemplat$ ! natural t5d5cies ( emancipation1 ?r\gh philosophical pr9ciples1 & to ! light ( human nature & hi/ory1 7 free f al>m4 ,to convey to ! read] "s idea ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! great crisis pass$1 we give ! sub/ance ( sev]al acc\nts :i* 7 relat$ to u 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! isl&1 by ^? :o witness$ !m4 ,! ,wesleyans kept wat*-night 9 all _! *apels on ! night ( ! #ca/ ,july4 ,"o ( ! ,wesleyan mission>ies gave u an acc\nt ( ! wat* meet+ at ! *apel 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,! spaci\s h\se 0 fill$ ) ! c&idates = lib]ty4 ,all 0 animation & eag]ness4 ,a mighty *orus ( voices swell$ ! song ( expectation & joy1 & z !y unit$ 9 pray]1 ! voice ( ! lead] 0 dr[n$ 9 ! univ]sal acclamations ( ?anksgiv+ & praise1 & bless+1 & honor1 & glory1 to ,god1 :o _h come d[n = _! deliv]ance4 ,9 su* ex]cises ! ev5+ 0 sp5t until ! h\r ( twelve approa*$4 ,! mission>y !n propos$ t :5 ! clock on ! ca!dral %\ld beg9 to /rike1 ! :ole congregation %\ld fall ^u _! knees & receive ! boon ( fre$om 9 sil5ce4 ,accord+ly1 z ! l\d bell toll$ its fir/ note1 ! imm5se assembly fell pro/rate on _! knees4 ,all 0 sil5ce1 save ! quiv]+ half-/ifl$ brea? ( ! /ruggl+ _s4 ,! sl[ notes ( ! clock fell ^u ! multitude2 peal on peal1 peal on peal1 roll$ ov] ! pro/rate ?rong1 9 tones ( angels' voices1 ?rill+ among ! desolate *ords & we>y he>t /r+s4 ,sc>ce _h ! clock s\nd$ its la/ note1 :5 ! lightn+ fla%$ vividly ar\nd1 & a l\d peal ( ?und] ro>$ along ! sky--,god's pill> ( fire1 & trump ( jubilee6 ,a mom5t ( pr(\nde/ sil5ce pass$--!n came ! bur/--!y broke =? 9 pray]2 !y %\t$1 !y sung1 ,glory1 alleluia2 !y clapp$ _! h&s1 leap$ up1 fell d[n1 clasp$ ea* o!r 9 _! free arms1 cri$1 laugh$1 & w5t to & fro1 toss+ upw>d _! unfett]$ h&s2 b high above ! :ole !re 0 a mighty s\nd :i* ev] & anon swell$ up2 x 0 ! utt]+s 9 brok5 negro dialect ( gratitude to ,god4 ,aft] ?is gu% ( excitem5t _h sp5t itself2 & ! congregation became calm1 ! religi\s ex]cises 7 resum$1 & ! rema9d] ( ! night 0 occupi$ 9 s++ & pray]1 9 read+ ! ,bible1 & 9 addresses f ! mission>ies expla9+ ! nature ( ! fre$om j receiv$1 & exhort+ ! fre$ p to be indu/ri\s1 /eady1 ob$i5t to ! laws1 & to %[ !mselves 9 all ?+s wor?y ( ! high boon :i* ,god _h conf]r$ ^u !m4 ,! fir/ ( ,augu/ came on ,friday1 & a release 0 proclaim$ f all "w until ! next ,monday4 ,! day 0 *iefly sp5t by ! great mass ( ! negroes 9 ! *ur*es & *apels4 ,?i!r !y flock$ z cl\ds1 & z doves to _! w9d[s4 ,! cl]gy & mission>ies ?r\gh\t ! isl& 7 actively engag$1 seiz+ ! opportunity 9 ord] to enlight5 ! p on all ! duties & responsibilities ( _! new relation1 & above all1 urg+ !m to ! atta9m5t ( t high] lib]ty ) :i* ,*ri/ make? 8 *ildr5 free4 ,9 e qu>t] we 7 assur$ t ! day 0 l a ,sabba?4 ,"w _h ceas$2 ! hum ( bus9ess 0 /ill1 & noise & tumult 7 unhe>d on ! /reets4 ,tranquillity p]vad$ ! t[ns & c\ntry4 ,a ,sabba? inde$6 :5 ! wick$ ceas$ f tr\bl+1 & ! we>y 7 at re/1 & ! slave 0 free f 8 ma/]6 ,! plant]s in=m$ u t !y w5t to ! *apels :]e _! own p 7 assembl$1 greet$ !m1 %ook h&s ) !m1 & ex*ang$ ! mo/ he>ty good wi%es4 ,! *ur*es & *apels 7 ?rong$ all ov] ! isl&4 ,at ,c$> ,hall1 a ,moravian /ation1 ! cr[d 0 s great t ! m9i/] 0 oblig$ to remove ! meet+ f ! *apel to a neighbor+ grove4 ,at ,grace ,hill1 ano!r ,moravian /ation1 ! negroes w5t to ! ,mission>y on ! day be=e ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 & begg$ t !y might be all[$ to h a meet+ 9 ! *apel at sunrise4 ,x is ! usual practice among ! ,moravians to hold b "o sunrise meet+ dur+ ! ye>1 & t is on ! morn+ ( ,ea/]3 b z ! p bes\ght v e>ne/ly = ?is special favor on ! ,ea/] morn+ ( _! fre$om1 x 0 grant$ to !m4 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ !y assembl$ at ! *apel4 ,= "s "t !y sat 9 p]fect sil5ce4 ,! mission>y !n propos$ t !y %\ld kneel d[n & s+4 ,! :ole audi5ce fell ^u _! knees1 & sung a hymn comm5c+ ) ! foll[+ v]se3 ,n[ let u praise ! ,"l1 ,) body1 s\l & _s1 ,:o do? su* wondr\s ?+s1 ,beyond our s5se & m]it4 ,! s++ 0 frequ5tly int]rupt$ ) ! te>s & sobb+s ( ! melt$ p1 until f9ally x 0 :olly arre/$1 & a tumult ( emotion ov]:elm$ ! congregation4 ,dur+ ! day1 repeat$ meet+s 7 held4 ,at elev5 o'clock1 ! p assembl$ 9 va/ numb]s4 ,!re 7 at lea/ a ?\s& p]sons ar\nd ! *apel1 :o c\ld n get 94 ,= once ! h\se ( ,god suff]$ viol5ce1 & ! viol5t took x by =ce4 ,aft] all ! s]vices ( ! day1 ! p w5t aga9 to ! mission>ies 9 a body1 & petition$ to h a meet+ 9 ! ev5+4 ,at ,grace ,bay1 ! p1 all dress$ 9 :ite1 assembl$ 9 a spaci\s c\rt 9 front ( ! ,moravian *apel4 ,!y =m$ a procession & walk$ arm 9 arm into ! *apel4 ,simil> sc5es occurr$ at all ! *apels & at ! *ur*es also4 ,we 7 told by ! mission>ies t ! dress ( ! negroes on t occasion 0 uncommonly simple & mode/4 ,!re 0 n ! lea/ disposition ( gaiety4 ,we 7 also in=m$ by plant]s & mission>ies 9 e "p ( ! isl&1 t !re 0 n a s+le dance kn[n (1 ei!r day or night1 nor s mu* z a fiddle play$4 ,!re 7 no riot\s assemblies1 no drunk5 c>\sals4 ,x 0 n 9 su* *annels t ! excitem5t ( ! emancipat$ fl[$4 ,!y 7 z f> f dissipation & debau*]y1 z !y 7 f viol5ce & c>nage4 ,,gratitude 0 ! absorb+ emotion4 ,f ! hill-tops1 & ! valleys1 ! cry ( a dis5?rall$ p w5t upw>d l ! s\nd ( _m wat]s1 ,glory to ,god1 glory to ,god4 ,! te/imony ( ! plant]s corresponds fully ) t ( ! mission>ies4 ,said ,r4,b4 ,eldridge1 ,esq41 aft] speak+ ( ! numb] emancipat$1 ,yet ?is va/ body1 7#cj1jjj17 glid$ out ( slav]y into fre$om ) ! utmo/ tranquillity4 ,dr4 ,daniell obs]v$1 t aft] s prodigi\s a revolution 9 ! condition ( ! negroes1 he expect$ t "s irregul>ities w\ld ensue2 b he _h be5 entirely disappo9t$4 ,he also said t he anticipat$ "s relaxation f lab\r dur+ ! week foll[+ emancipation4 ,b he f\nd 8 h&s 9 ! field e>ly on ,monday morn+1 & n "o miss+4 ,! same day he receiv$ ^w f ano!r e/ate1 ( :i* he 0 proprietor1,a t ! negroes _h to a man refus$ to g to ! field4 ,he imm$iately rode to ! e/ate & f\nd ! p /&+ ) _! hoes 9 _! h&s do+ no?+4 ,he acco/$ !m 9 a fri5dly mann]3 ,:at does ?is mean1 my fell[s1 t y are n at "w ?is morn+8 ,!y imm$iately repli$1 ,x's n because we don't want to "w1 massa1 b we want$ to see y fir/ & =emo/ to "k :at ! b>ga9 w\ld be4 ,z soon z t matt] 0 settl$1 ! :ole body ( negroes turn$ out *e]fully1 )\t a mom5t's cavil4 ,footnote ,a3 ,x is n unusual 9 ! ,we/ ,indies = proprietors to commit _! own e/ates into ! h&s ( manag]s2 & be !mselves1 ! manag]s ( o!r m5's e/ates4 ,mr4 ,b\rne1 ( ,mill>'s1 in=m$ u t ! l>ge/ gang he _h ev] se5 9 ! field on 8 prop]ty1 turn$ out ! week aft] emancipation4 ,said ,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t1 ,no?+ c\ld surpass ! univ]sal propriety ( ! negroes' conduct on ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd6 ,nev] 0 !re a m beautiful & int]e/+ spectacle exhibit$1 ?an on t occasion4 ,,f\r? ,,proposition4--,!re has be5 s9ce emancipation1 n only no rebellion 9 fact1 b ,,no ,,fe> ,,( ,,x 9 ,antigua4 ,pro( #a/4 ,! militia 7 n call$ out dur+ ,*ri/mas holidays4 ,be=e emancipation1 m>tial law inv>iably prevail$ on ! holidays1 b ! v fir/ ,*ri/mas aft] emancipation1 ! ,gov]nor made a proclamation /at+ t 9 consequ5ce ( ! abolition ( slav]y x 0 no long] necess>y to resort to su* a precaution4 ,!re has n be5 a p>ade ( soldi]y on any subsequ5t ,*ri/mas4,b ,footnote ,b3 ,?is has be5 foll[$ by a measure on ! "p ( ! ,legislature1 :i* is fur!r pro( ( ! same ?+4 ,x is an ,act = am5d+ & fur!r cont9u+ ! sev]al ,acts at pres5t 9 =ce = bett] organiz+ & ord]+ ! militia4 ,! preamble reads ?us3 ,,:]eas ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ?is isl& r5d]s x exp$i5t to provide aga9/ an unnecess>y augm5tation ( ! militia1 & ! exi/+ laws = bett] organiz+ & ord]+ t local =ce require am5dm5t4 ,! foll[+ milit>y adv]tisem5t also %[s ! increas+ confid5ce :i* is felt 9 ! fre$ m53 ,,recruits ,,want$4--,! free m5 ( ,antigua are n[ call$ on to %[ _! gratitude & loyalty to ,k+ ,,william1 = ! b5efits he has conf]r$ on !m & _! families1 by volunte]+ _! s]vices z soldi]s 9 8 ,fir/ ,we/ ,india ,regim5t2 9 do+ :i* !y w acquire a /ill high] rank 9 society1 by be+ plac$ on a foot+ ( p]fect equality ) ! o!r troops 9 8 ,maje/y's s]vice1 & receive ! same b\nty1 pay1 clo?+1 rations & all[ances4 ,none b "y m5 ( good "* c be receiv$1 & all su* w meet ) e enc\ragem5t by apply+ at ,/4 ,john's ,b>racks1 to ,h4 ,,d[nie1 ,capt4 #a/ ,w4,i4 ,regt4 ,septemb] #ae?1 #ahcf4 #b;d4 ,! uni=m decl>ation ( plant]s & o!rs3 ,previ\s to emancipation1 _m p]sons appreh5d$ viol5ce & blood%$ z ! consequ5ce ( turn+ ! slaves all loose4 ,b :5 emancipation took place1 all ^! appreh5sions vani%$4 ,! s5se ( p]sonal security is univ]sal4 ,we "k n ( a s+le in/ance 9 :i* ! negroes h exhibit$ a rev5geful _s4 ,s4 ,b\rne1 ,esq41 ( ,mill>'s4--,watk9s1 ,esq41 ( ,donovan's4 ,x has always appe>$ to me self-evid5t1 t if a man is peaceable :ile a slave1 he w be s :5 a free man4 ,dr4 ,f]guson4 ,!re is no possible dang] ( p]sonal viol5ce f ! slaves2 %\ld a =eign p[] invade our isl&1 ,i h no d\bt t ! negroes w\ld1 to a man1 fight = ! plant]s4 ,i h ! utmo/ confid5ce 9 all ! p :o are "u my managem5t2 !y are my fri5ds1 & !y consid] me _! fri5d4 ,h4 ,arm/rong1 ,esq41 ( ,fit*'s ,creek4 ,! same g5tleman in=m$ u t dur+ slav]y1 he us$ frequ5tly to lie sleepless on 8 b$1 ?9k+ ab\t 8 dang]\s situation--a lone :ite p]son f> away f help1 & surr\nd$ by hundr$s ( savage slaves2 & he _h sp5t h\rs ?us1 9 devis+ plans ( self-def5ce 9 case ! h\se %\ld be attack$ by ! negroes4 ,if !y come1 he w\ld say to himself1 & break d[n ! door1 & fill my b$room1 :at %all ,i d8 ,x w be useless to fire at !m2 my only hope is to fright5 ! sup]/iti\s fell[s by cov]+ myself ) a :ite %eet1 & ru%+ into ! mid/ ( !m1 cry+1 'gho/1 gho/4' ,n[ ,mr4 ,a4 sleeps 9 peace & safety1 )\t conjur+ up a gho/ to keep gu>d at 8 b$side4 ,8 bodygu>d is a battalion ( sub/antial fle% & blood1 made up ( ^? :o 7 once ! objects ( 8 nightly t]ror6 ,!re has be5 no in/ance ( p]sonal viol5ce s9ce fre$om4 ,"s p]sons pret5d$1 prior to emancipation1 to appreh5d disa/r\s results2 b = my "p ,i _c say t ,i ev] ent]ta9$ su* fe>s4 ,i c\ld n see any ?+ :i* 0 to in/igate negroes to rebellion1 aft] !y _h obta9$ _! lib]ty4 ,i h n he>d ( a s+le case ( ev5 m$itat$ rev5ge4 ,dr4 ,daniell1 ,proprietor1 ,memb] ( ,c\ncil1 ,attorney ( six e/ates1 & ,manag] ( ,wea!rill's4 ,"o ( ! bless+s ( emancipation has be51 t x has bani%$ ! fe> ( insurrections1 inc5di>ism1 c4 ,mr4 ,favey1 ,manag] ( ,lavic\nt's4 ,9 my ext5sive int]c\rse ) ! p1 z mission>y1 ,i h nev] he>d ( an in/ance ( viol5ce or rev5ge on ! "p ( ! negroes1 ev5 :]e !y _h be5 ill-treat$ dur+ slav]y4 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,morri%1 ,moravian ,mission>y4 ,insurrection or rev5ge is 9 no case dread$1 n ev5 by ^? plant]s :o 7 mo/ cruel 9 ! "t ( slav]y4 ,my family g to sleep e night ) ! doors unlock$1 & we fe> nei!r viol5ce nor robb]y4 ,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t4 ,aga91 9 a writt5 communication1 ! same g5tleman rem>ks3--,!re is n ! slighte/ feel+ ( insecurity--q ! contr>y4 ,prop]ty is m secure1 = all idea ( insurrection is aboli%$ =ev]4 ,we h no cause n[ to fe> insurrections2 emancipation has fre$ u f all dang] on ?is score4 ,david ,cran/\n1 ,esq4 ,extract ( a lett] f a m]*ant ( ,/4 ,john's :o has resid$ 9 ,antigua m ?an ?irty ye>s3 ,!re is no s5se ( p]sonal dang] aris+ f insurrections or conspiracies among ! blacks4 ,s]i\s appreh5sions ( ?is nature 7 =m]ly ent]ta9$2 b !y gradually di$ away dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( fre$om4 ,we quote ! foll[+ f a communication address$ to u by a g5tleman ( long exp]i5ce 9 ,antigua--n[ a m]*ant 9 ,/4 ,john's--,james ,scotl&1 ,s541 ,esq4 ,di/urbances1 insubord9ations1 & revelry1 h greatly decreas$ s9ce emancipation2 & x is a rem>kable fact1 t on ! day ( abolition1 :i* 0 obs]v$ ) ! solemnity & s]vices ( ! ,sabba?1 n an in/ance ( common insol5ce 0 exp]i5c$ f any fre$ man4 ,!re is no feel+ ( insecurity4 ,a /rong] pro( ( ?is _c be giv5 ?an ! disp5s+1 )9 five mon?s aft] emancipation1 ) ! ,*ri/mas gu>ds1 :i* _h be5 regul>ly & un9t]rupt$ly kept1 = ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s--dur+ ! :ole "t ( slav]y4 ,! milit>y has nev] be5 call$ out1 b on "o occasion1 s9ce ! abolition1 & t 0 :5 a c]ta9 plant]1 ! mo/ viol5t enemy ( fre$om1 report$ to ! ,gov]nor t !re 7 /rong symptoms ( insurrection among 8 negroes4 ,! /ory 0 g5]ally laugh$ at1 & ! report] ( x 0 q a%am$ ( 8 weakness & fe>s4 ,my =m] occupation1 z editor ( a newspap]1 r5d]$ x necess>y = me to make incessant inquiries into ! conduct z well z ! treatm5t ( ! emancipat$1 & ,i h nev] he>d any in/ance ( rev5ge = =m] injuries4 ,! negroes h quitt$ manag]s :o 7 h>% or cruel to !m 9 _! bondage1 b !y remov$ 9 a peaceable & ord]ly mann]4 ,our negroes1 & ,i presume o!r negroes too1 are v little less s5sible to ! =ce ( ^? motives :i* lead to ! peace1 ord]1 & welf>e ( society1 ?an any o!r set ( p4 ,! g5]al conduct ( ! negroes has be5 wor?y ( mu* praise1 especially consid]+ ! sudd5 transition f slav]y to unre/rict$ fre$om4 ,_! demeanor is peaceable & ord]ly4 ,ralph ,hig9bo?om1 ,u4 ,s4 ,consul4 ,z we m+l$ ) ! mission>ies1 bo? 9 t[n & c\ntry1 !y all bore witness to ! security ( _! p]sons & families4 ,!y1 equally ) ! plant]s1 7 surpris$ t we %\ld make any inquiries ab\t insurrections4 ,a "q on ?is subject g5]ally excit$ a smile1 a look ( a/oni%m5t1 or "s exclamation1 su* z ,insurrection6 my de> sirs1 we d n ?9k ( su* a ?+2 or1 ,rebellion inde$6 :y1 :at %\ld !y rebel = n[1 s9ce !y h got _! lib]ty6 ,physicians in=m$ u t !y 7 9 ! habit ( rid+ into ! c\ntry at all h\rs ( ! night1 & ?\gh !y 7 con/antly pass+ negroes1 bo? s+ly & 9 companies1 !y nev] _h exp]i5c$ any rud5ess1 nor ev5 s mu* z an insol5t ^w4 ,!y c\ld g by night or day1 into any "p ( ! isl& :]e _! pr(essional duties call$ !m1 )\t ! slighte/ s5se ( dang]4 ,a resid5ce ( n9e weeks 9 ! isl& gave u no small opportunity ( te/+ ! reality ( its boa/$ security4 ,! hospitality ( plant]s & mission>ies1 ( :i* we h record$ s _m in/ances 9 a previ\s "p ( ?is "w1 gave u free access to _! h\ses 9 e "p ( ! isl&4 ,9 _m cases we 7 con/ra9$ to sp5d ! night ) !m1 & ?us enjoy$1 9 ! intimacies ( ! dome/ic circle1 & 9 ! ungu>d$ mom5ts ( social int]c\rse1 e opportunity ( detect+ any lurk+ fe>s ( viol5ce1 if su* !re _h be52 b we saw no evid5ce ( x1 ei!r 9 ! arrangem5ts ( ! h\ses or 9 ! conduct ( ! inmates,a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,9 addition to ! evid5ce d]iv$ f ,antigua1 we w\ld m5tion ! foll[+ fact3 ,a plant]1 :o is also an attorney1 in=m$ u t on ! neighbor+ little isl& ( ,b>buda1 7:i* is leas$ f ! ,engli% gov]nm5t by ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,coddr+ton17 !re are five hundr$ negroes & only ?ree :ite m54 ,! negroes are entirely free1 yet ! :ites cont9ue to live among !m )\t any fe> ( hav+ _! ?roats cut4 ,! isl& is cultivat$ 9 sug>4--,b>buda is "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,antigua1 & accord+ly ! act ( entire emancipation ext5d$ to t isl&4 ,,fif? ,,proposition4--,!re has be5 no fe> ( h\se break+1 highway robb]ies1 & l misdemeanors1 s9ce emancipation4 ,/atem5ts1 simil> to ^? adduc$ "u ! la/ head1 f plant]s1 & o!r g5tlem51 might be introduc$ "h2 b z ?is proposition is s intimately involv$ 9 ! =ego+1 sep>ate pro( is n necess>y4 ,! same causes :i* excite appreh5sions ( insurrection1 produce fe>s ( robb]ies & o!r acts ( viol5ce2 s also ! same /ate ( society :i* e/abli%es security ( p]son1 insures ! safety ( prop]ty4 ,bo? 9 t[n & c\ntry we he>d g5tlem5 repeat$ly speak ( ! slight fa/5+s to _! h\ses4 ,a m]e lock1 or bolt1 0 all t secur$ ! outside doors1 & !y might be bur/ op5 ) ease1 by a s+le man4 ,9 "s cases1 z has already be5 intimat$1 ! plant]s habitually neglect to fa/5 _! doors--s /rong is _! confid5ce ( safety4 ,we 7 n a little /ruck ) ! rem>k ( a g5tleman 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,he said he _h long be5 desir\s to remove to ,engl&1 8 native c\ntry1 & _h slav]y cont9u$ mu* long] 9 ,antigua1 he c]ta9ly %\ld h gone2 b n[ ! security ( prop]ty 0 s mu* great] 9 ,antigua ?an x 0 9 ,engl&1 t he ?\ght x d\btful :e!r he %\ld ev] v5ture to take 8 family ?i!r4 ,,six? ,,proposition4--,emancipation is reg>d$ by all classes z a great bless+ to ! isl&4 ,!re is n a class1 or p>ty1 or sect1 :o d n e/eem ! abolition ( slav]y z a special bless+ to !m4 ,! ri*1 because x reliev$ !m ( prop]ty :i* 0 fa/ becom+ a disgrace1 z x _h always be5 a vexation & a tax1 & because x has emancipat$ !m f ! t]rors ( insurrection1 :i* kept !m all _! life "t subject to bondage4 ,! poor :ites--because x lift$ f (f !m ! yoke ( civil oppression4 ,! free color$ population--because x gave ! dea? bl[ to ! prejudice t cru%$ !m1 & op5$ ! prospect ( social1 civil1 & political equality ) ! :ites4 ,! slaves--because x broke op5 _! dungeon1 l$ !m out to lib]ty1 & gave !m1 9 "o munific5t donation1 _! wives1 _! *ildr51 _! bodies1 _! s\ls--e ?+6 ,! foll[+ extracts f ! j\rnals ( ! legislature1 %[ ! /ate ( feel+ exi/+ %ortly aft] emancipation4 ,! fir/ is dat$ ,octob] #cj1 #ahcd3 ,! ,speak] said1 t he look$ ) exultation at ! prospect be=e u4 ,! h& ( ! ,mo/ ,high 0 evid5tly work+ = u4 ,c\ld we reg>d ! univ]sal tranquillity1 ! respectful demeanor ( ! l[] classes1 z less ?an an int]position ( ,provid5ce8 ,! agricultural & comm]cial prosp]ity ( ! isl& 7 absolutely on ! advance2 & = 8 "p he w\ld n hesitate to pur*ase e/ates to-morr[4 ,! foll[+ rem>k 0 made 9 ! c\rse ( a spee* by a memb] ( ! c\ncil1 ,novemb] #ab1 #ahcd3 ,colonel ,br[n /at$1 t s9ce emancipation he _h nev] be5 )\t a suffici5t numb] ( labor]s1 & he 0 c]ta9 he c\ld obta9 z _m m to-morr[ z he %\ld wi%4 ,! g5]al confid5ce 9 ! b5eficial results ( emancipation1 has gr[n /rong] ) e succe$+ ye> & mon?4 ,x has be5 se5 t fre$om w be> trial2 t x w endure1 & cont9ue to br+ =? fruits ( increas+ value4 ,! ,gov]nor in=m$ u t x 0 univ]sally admitt$1 t emancipation _h be5 a great bless+ to ! isl&4 ,9 a company ( proprietors & plant]s1 :o met u on a c]ta9 occasion1 among :om 7 lawy]s1 magi/rates1 & memb]s ( ! c\ncil1 & ( ! assembly1 ! s5tim5t 0 di/9ctly av[$1 t emancipation 0 highly b5eficial to ! isl&1 & !re 0 n a diss5t+ op9ion4 ,emancipation is work+ mo/ admirably1 especially = ! plant]s4 ,x is inf9itely bett] policy ?an slav]y or ! appr5tice%ip ei!r4 --,dr4 ,f]guson4 ,our plant]s f9d t fre$om answ]s a f> bett] purpose ?an slav]y ev] did4 ,a g5tleman1 :o is attorney = eight e/ates1 assur$ me t !re 0 no comp>ison betwe5 ! b5efits & advantages ( ! two sy/ems4--,ar*deacon ,p>ry4 ,all ! plant]s 9 my neighborhood 7,/4 ,philip's p>i%7 are highly pleas$ ) ! op]ation ( ! new sy/em4--,rev4 ,mr4 ,jones1 ,rector ( ,/4 ,philip's4 ,i d n "k ( m ?an "o or two plant]s 9 ! :ole isl&1 :o d n consid] emancipation z a decid$ advantage to all p>ties4 --,dr4 ,daniell4 ,t emancipation %\ld be univ]sally reg>d$ z a bless+1 is rem>kable1 :5 we consid] t comb9ation ( unt[>d circum/ances :i* x has be5 call$ to enc\nt]--a comb9ation :olly unprec$5t$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! isl&4 ,9 #ahce1 ! fir/ ye> ( ! new sy/em1 ! colony 0 visit$ by "o ( ! mo/ desolat+ hurricanes :i* has occurr$ = _m ye>s4 ,9 ! same ye>1 cultivation 0 arre/$1 & ! crops greatly r$uc$1 by dr\ght4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ! yell[ fev] prevail$ ) fe>ful mortality4 ,! next ye> ! dr\ght return$1 & brood$ 9 t]ror f ,m>* until ,janu>y1 & f ,janu>y until ,june3 n only bla/+ ! h>ve/ ( '#cf1 b ext5d+ its blight ov] ! crops ( '#cg4 ,no?+ c\ld be bett] calculat$ to try ! confid5ce 9 ! new sy/em4 ,yet we f9d all classes zeal\sly exon]at+ emancipation1 & 9 despite ( tornado1 plague1 & wa/+1 /ill affirm+ ! bless+s & advantages ( fre$om6 ,,sev5? ,,proposition4--,free labor is decid$ly ,,less ,,exp5sive ?an slave labor4 ,x co/s ! plant] actually less to pay 8 free labor]s daily wages1 ?an x did to ma9ta9 8 slaves4 ,x w be obs]v$ 9 ! te/imony :i* foll[s1 t !re is "s diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! precise am\nt ( r$uction 9 ! exp5ses1 :i* is ow+ to ! v>i\s modes ( managem5t on diff]5t e/ates1 & m p>ticul>ly1 to ! fact t "s e/ates raise all _! provisions1 :ile o!rs raise none4 ,b z to ! fact itself1 !re c sc>cely be said to be any dispute among ! plant]s4 ,!re 0 "o class ( plant]s ^: exp5ses seem$ to be some:at increas$1 viz4 ^? :o rais$ all _! provisions be=e emancipation1 & ceas$ to raise any aft] t ev5t4 ,b 9 ! op9ion ( ! mo/ intellig5t plant]s1 ev5 ^! did n really su/a9 any loss1 = orig9ally x 0 bad policy to raise provisions1 s9ce x engross$ t labor :i* w\ld h be5 m pr(itably direct$ to ! cultivation ( sug>2 & h5ce !y w\ld ultimately be ga9]s by ! *ange4 ,s4 ,b\rne1 ,esq4 /at$ t ! exp5ses on ,mill>'s e/ate1 ( :i* he is manag]1 _h dim9i%$ ab\t "o ?ird4 ,mr4 ,b>n>d1 ( ,gre5 ,ca/le1 ?\ght 8 exp5ses 7 ab\t ! same t !y 7 =m]ly4 ,mr4 ,favey1 ( ,lavic\nt's e/ate1 enum]at$1 among ! advantages ( fre$om ov] slav]y1 ! dim9i%$ exp5se4 ,dr4 ,nug5t also /at$1 t ! exp5ses ( cultivation 7 greatly dim9i%$4 ,mr4 ,hatley1 manag] ( ,fry's e/ate1 said t ! exp5ses on 8 e/ate _h be5 greatly r$uc$ s9ce emancipation4 ,he %[$ u ! acc\nt ( 8 exp5ditures = ! la/ ye> ( slav]y1 & ! fir/ full ye> ( fre$om1 #ahce4 ,! exp5ses dur+ ! la/ ye> ( slav]y 7 #acgal4 #bs4 #d-a_/b;d42 ! exp5ses = #ahce 7 #hbal4 #afs4 #g-a_/b;d43 %[+ a r$uction ( m ?an "o ?ird4 ,d4 ,cran/\n1 ,esq41 in=m$ u t 8 weekly exp5ses dur+ slav]y1 on ! e/ate :i* he manag$1 71 on an av]age1 #del42 ! av]age exp5ses n[ d n exce$ #bjl4 ,extract ( a lett] f ,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t3 ,! exp5ses ( cultivat+ sug> e/ates h 9 no in/ance1 ,i believe1 be5 f\nd great] ?an be=e4 ,z f> z my exp]i5ce goes1 !y are c]ta9ly less1 p>ticul>ly z reg>ds ^? prop]ties :i* 7 ov]h&$ be=e1 :5 proprietors 7 compell$ to support m dep5d5ts ?an !y requir$4 ,9 "s cases1 ! pres5t co/ is less by "o ?ird4 ,i h n "t to furni% y ) any detail$ /atem5ts1 b ! elem5ts ( ! calculation are simple en\gh4 ,x is n difficult to acc\nt = ! dim9ution 9 ! co/ ( cultivation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 = ^? e/ates t b\ght _! provision previ\s to emancipation1 x co/ m money to pur*ase _! /ores ?an !y n[ pay out 9 wages4 ,?is 0 especially true 9 dry seasons1 :5 home provisions fail$1 & ! isl& 0 ma9ly dep5d5t ^u =eign supplies4 ,b ! *ief s\rce ( ! dim9ution lies 9 ! r$uc$ numb] ( p to be support$ by ! plant]4 ,dur+ slav]y1 ! plant] 0 requir$ by law to ma9ta9 all ! slaves belong+ to ! e/ate2 ! sup]annuat$1 ! infirm1 ! pregnant1 ! nurses1 ! "y *ildr51 & ! infants1 z well z ! work+ slaves4 ,n[ x is only ! latt] class1 ! effective labor]s1 7) ! addition ( su* z 7 sup]annuat$ or infirm at ! p]iod ( emancipation17 :o are dep5d5t ^u ! plant]4 ,^! are g5]ally n m ?an "o half1 frequ5tly less ?an a ?ird1 ( ! :ole numb] ( negroes resid5t on ! e/ate2 consequ5tly a v consid]able bur!n has be5 remov$ f ! plant]4 ,! read] may =m "s e/imate ( ! r$uc$ exp5se to ! plant]1 result+ f ^! causes comb9$1 by consid]+ ! /atem5t made to u by ,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t1 & repeat$ly by proprietors & manag]s1 t _h slav]y be5 9 exi/5ce dur+ ! pres5t dr\ght1 _m ( ! small] e/ates mu/ h be5 inevitably ru9$2 on acc\nt ( ! high price ( import$ provisions1 7home provisions hav+ fall5 %ort7 & ! numb] ( slaves to be f$4 ,,eigh? ,,proposition4--,! negroes "w m *e]fully1 & d _! "w bett] ?an !y did dur+ slav]y4 ,wages are f\nd to be an ample sub/itute = ! la%--!y nev] fail to secure ! am\nt ( labor desir$4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true :]e task "w is tri$1 :i* is done occasionally 9 cases ( a press+ nature1 :5 consid]able ef=t is requir$4 ,we he>d ( no compla9ts on ! score ( idl5ess1 b on ! contr>y1 ! negroes 7 highly comm5d$ = ! punctuality & *e]fulness ) :i* !y p]=m$ ! "w assign$ !m4 ,! ,gov]nor /at$1 t he 0 assur$ by plant]s1 f e "p ( ! isl&1 t ! negroes 7 v indu/ri\sly dispos$4 ,my p h become mu* m indu/ri\s s9ce !y 7 emancipat$4 ,i h be5 induc$ to ext5d ! sug> cultivation ov] a numb] ( acres m ?an h ev] be5 cultivat$ be=e4--,mr4 ,watk9s1 ( ,donovan's4 ,fe>+ ! consequ5ces ( emancipation1 ,i r$uc$ my cultivation 9 ! ye> '#cd2 b soon f9d+ t my p w\ld "w z well z ev]1 ,i br\ght up ! cultivation ! next ye> to ! cu/om>y ext5t1 & ?is ye> 7'#cf7 ,i h add$ fifte5 acres ( new l&4--,s4 ,b\rne1 ( ,mill>'s4 ,?r\gh\t ! isl& ! e/ates 7 nev] 9 a m advanc$ /ate ?an !y n[ are4 ,! failure 9 ! crops is n 9 ! slighte/ degree *>geable to a defici5cy ( labor4 ,i h frequ5tly adopt$ ! job sy/em = %ort p]iods2 ! results h always be5 gratify+--! negroes accompli%$ twice z mu* z :5 !y work$ = daily wages1 because !y made m money4 ,on "s days !y w\ld make ?ree %ill+s--?ree times ! ord9>y wages4--,dr4 ,daniell4 ,!y are z a body m indu/ri\s ?an :5 slaves1 = ! obvi\s reason t !y are work+ = !mselves4--,ralph ,hig9bo?om1 ,u4,s4 ,consul4 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t on my e/ate cultivation is m =w>d ?an ev] x has be5 at ! same season4 ,! failure ( ! crops is n 9 ! lea/ degree ! fault ( ! labor]s4 ,!y h done well4--,mr4 ,favey1 ( ,lavic\nt's e/ate4 ,! mo/ g5]al appreh5sion prior to emancipation 01 t ! negroes w\ld n "w aft] !y 7 made free--t !y w\ld be indol5t1 buy small p>cels ( l&1 & 'squat' on !m to ! neglect ( sug> cultivation4 ,"t1 h[ev]1 has prov$ t !re 0 no f\ndation = ?is appreh5sion4 ,! e/ates 7 nev] 9 bett] ord] ?an !y are at pres5t4 ,if y are int]rogat$ on y\r return home conc]n+ ! cultivation ( ,antigua1 y c say t e ?+ dep5ds ^u ! wea!r4 ,if we h suffici5t ra91 y may be c]ta9 t we %all realize abundant crops4 ,if we h no ra91 ! crops mu/ inevitably fail4 ,b we always dep5d ^u ! labor]s4 ,on acc\nt ( ! /imulus to indu/ry :i* wages af=d1 !re is f> less feign$ sickness ?an !re 0 dur+ slav]y4 ,:5 slaves1 ! negroes 7 glad to f9d any excuse = des]t+ _! labor1 & !y 7 incessantly feign+ sickness4 ,! sick-h\se 0 ?rong$ ) real & pret5d$ invalids4 ,aft] '#cd1 x 0 :olly des]t$4 ,! negroes w\ld n g ne> x2 &1 9 tru?1 ,i h lately us$ x = a /able4--,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t4 ,?\gh ! labor]s on bo? ! e/ates "u my managem5t h be5 consid]ably r$uc$ s9ce fre$om1 yet ! gr\nds h nev] be5 9 a f9] /ate ( cultivation1 ?an !y are at pres5t4 ,:5 my "w is backw>d1 ,i give x out 9 jobs1 & x is always done 9 half ! usual "t4 ,emancipation has almo/ :olly put an end to ! practice ( skulk+1 or pret5d+ to be sick4 ,t 0 a ?+ :i* caus$ ! plant] a va/ deal ( tr\ble dur+ slav]y4 ,e ,monday morn+ regul>ly1 :5 ,i awoke1 ,i f\nd t5 or a doz51 or p]haps tw5ty m5 & wom51 /&+ ar\nd my door1 wait+ = me to make my fir/ appe>ance1 & begg+ t ,i w\ld let !m (f f "w t day on acc\nt ( sickness4 ,x 0 seldom ! case t "o f\r? ( ! applicants 7 really unwell2 b e "o w\ld ma9ta9 t he 0 v sick1 & z x 0 h>d to cont5d ) !m ab\t x1 !y 7 all s5t (f to ! sick-h\se4 ,n[ ?is is entirely done away1 & my sick-h\se is conv]t$ into a *apel = religi\s wor%ip4--,james ,h[ell1 ,esq4 ,i f9d my p mu* m dispos$ to "w ?an !y =m]ly 74 ,! habit ( feign+ sickness to get rid ( go+ to ! field1 is completely brok5 up4 ,?is practice 0 v common dur+ slav]y4 ,x 0 (t5 amus+ to he> _! compla9ts4 ,"o w\ld come c>ry+ an arm 9 "o h&1 & decl>+ t x _h a mighty pa9 9 x1 & he c\ld n use ! hoe no way2 ano!r w\ld make 8 appe>ance ) bo? h&s on 8 brea/1 & ) a rueful look compla9 ( a great pa9 9 ! /oma*2 a ?ird came limp+ along1 ) a dreadful rheumatiz 9 8 knees2 & s on = a doz5 or m4 ,x 0 va9 to dispute ) !m1 al?\gh x 0 (t5 manife/ t no?+ e>?ly 0 ail+ !m4 ,!y w\ld say1 ',ah6 me massa1 y no t9k h[ bad me feel--x's deep 91 massa4' ,b all ?is tr\ble is pass$4 ,we h no sick-h\se n[2 no feign$ sickness1 & really mu* less actual illness ?an =m]ly4 ,my p say1 '!y h n "t to be sick n[4' ,my cultivation has nev] be5 s f> advanc$ at ! same season1 or 9 f9] ord] ?an x is at ! pres5t "t4 ,i h be5 enc\rag$ by ! increas+ indu/ry ( my p to br+ sev]al additional acres "u cultivation4--,mr4 ,hatley1 ,fry's e/ate4 ,i get my "w done bett] ?an =m]ly1 & ) incomp>ably m *e]fulness4 ,my e/ate 0 nev] 9 a f9] /ate ( cultivation ?an x is n[1 ?\gh ,i employ few] labor]s ?an dur+ slav]y4 ,i h occasionally us$ job1 or task "w1 & ) great success4 ,:5 ,i give out a job1 x is accompli%$ 9 ab\t half ! "t t x w\ld h requir$ by giv+ ! cu/om>y wages4 ,! p w d z mu* 9 "o week at job "w1 z !y w 9 two1 work+ = a %ill+ a day4 ,i h kn[n !m1 :5 !y _h a job to d1 turn out be=e ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & "w by moonlight4--,d4 ,cran/\n1 ,esq4 ,my p "w v well = ! ord9>y wages2 ,i h no fault to f9d ) !m 9 ?is respect4--,manag] ( ,scotl&'s e/ate4 ,extract f ! ,sup]9t5d5t's ,report to ! ,comm&] 9 ,*ief4 ,,sup]9t5d5t',s ,,(fice1 ,june #f?4 #ahcf4 ,dur+ ! la/ mon? ,i h visit$ ! c\ntry 9 almo/ e direction1 ) ! express object ( pay+ a /rict att5tion to all bran*es ( agricultural op]ations at t p]iod progress+4 ,! result ( my obs]vations is decid$ly favorable1 z reg>ds proprietors & labor]s4 ,! manufacture ( sug> has advanc$ z f> z ! long & cont9u$ want ( ra9 w admit2 ! l&s1 g5]ally1 appe> to be 9 a =w>d /ate ( prep>ation = ! ensu+ crop1 & ! labor]s seem to "w ) m /ead9ess & satisfaction to !mselves & _! employ]s1 ?an !y h manife/$ = "s l5g? ( "t pa/1 & _! "w is mu* m correctly p]=m$4 ,compla9ts are1 = ! mo/ "p1 adduc$ by ! employ]s aga9/ ! labor]s1 & pr9cipally consi/1 7z hi!rto17 ( brea*es ( contract2 b ,i am happy to obs]ve1 t a dim9ution ( dissatisfaction on ?is head ev51 has tak5 place1 z w be se5 by ! accompany+ g5]al return ( (f5ces report$4 ,y\r honor's mo/ ob$i5t1 humble s]vant1 ,ri*>d ,s4 ,wickham1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( police4 ,,n9? ,,proposition4--,! negroes are m easily manag$ z freem5 ?an !y 7 :5 slaves4 ,on ?is po9t z well z on e o!r connect$ ) ! sy/em ( slav]y1 public op9ion 9 ,antigua has und]gone an entire revolution1 s9ce #ahcd4 ,x 0 !n a common maxim t ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ! negro absolutely requir$ a gov]nm5t ( t]ror & brute =ce4 ,! ,gov]nor said1 ,! negroes are z a race rem>kable = docility2 !y are v easily controll$ by k9d influ5ce4 ,x is only necess>y to ga9 _! confid5ce1 & y c sway !m z y please4 ,be=e emancipation took place1 ,i dread$ ! consequ5ce ( aboli%+ ! p[] ( compell+ labor1 b ,i h s9ce f\nd by exp]i5ce t =be>ance & k9dness are suffici5t = all purposes ( au?ority4 ,i h seldom _h any tr\ble 9 manag+ my p4 ,!y consid] me _! fri5d1 & ! expression ( my wi% is en\gh = !m4 ,^? plant]s :o h reta9$ _! h>% mann] d n succe$ "u ! new sy/em4 ,! p w n be> x4--,mr4 ,j4 ,h[ell4 ,i f9d x rem>kably easy to manage my p4 ,i gov]n !m entirely by mildness4 ,9 e in/ance 9 :i* manag]s h p]si/$ 9 _! habits ( arbitr>y comm&1 !y h fail$4 ,i h lately be5 oblig$ to dis*>ge a manag] f "o ( ! e/ates "u my direction1 on acc\nt ( 8 ov]be>+ disposition4 ,if ,i _h n dismiss$ him1 ! p w\ld h ab&on$ ! e/ate en masse4--,dr4 ,daniell4 ,! managem5t ( an e/ate "u ! free sy/em is a mu* light] bus9ess ?an x us$ to be4 ,we d n h ! tr\ble to get ! p to "w1 or to keep !m 9 ord]4--,mr4 ,favey4 ,be=e ! abolition ( slav]y1 ,i ?\ght x w\ld be utt]ly impossible to manage my p )\t tyranniz+ ov] !m z usual1 & t x w\ld be giv+ up ! re9s ( gov]nm5t entirely1 to ab&on ! :ip2 b ,i am n[ satisfi$ t ,i 0 mi/ak54 ,i h lo/ all desire to ex]cise arbitr>y p[]4 ,i h kn[n ( sev]al in/ances 9 :i* unpleasant di/urbances h be5 occasion$ by manag]s giv+ way to _! ang]1 & dom9e]+ ov] ! labor]s4 ,! p became disob$i5t & disord]ly1 & rema9$ s until ! e/ates w5t into o!r h&s1 & a good managem5t imm$iately re/or$ confid5ce & peace4--,mr4 ,watk9s4 ,among ! advantages belong+ to ! free sy/em1 may he enum]at$ ! great] facility 9 manag+ e/ates4 ,we are fre$ f a _w ( tr\ble & p]plexity4--,david ,cran/\n1 ,esq4 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+1 t if ,i h a supply ( ca%1 ,i c take (f any crop x may please ,god to s5d4 ,hav+ already1 s9ce emancipation1 tak5 (f "o fully sixty hog%eads above ! av]age ( ! la/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,i c speak ) confid5ce4--,lett] f ,s4 ,b\rne1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,b\rne /at$ a fact :i* illu/rates ! ease ) :i* ! negroes are gov]n$ by g5tle means4 ,he said t x 0 a prevail+ practice dur+ slav]y = ! slaves to h a dance soon aft] !y _h f9i%$ ga!r+ 9 ! crop4 ,at ! completion ( 8 crop 9 '#ce1 ! p made arrangem5ts = hav+ ! cu/om>y dance4 ,!y 7 p>ticul>ly elat$ because ! crop :i* !y _h fir/ tak5 (f 0 ! l>ge/ "o t _h ev] be5 produc$ by ! e/ate1 & x 0 also ! l>ge/ crop on ! isl& = t ye>4 ,) ^! extraord9>y /imulants & excitem5ts1 op]at+ 9 connection ) ! influ5ce ( habit1 ! p 7 /rongly incl9$ to h a dance4 ,mr4 ,b4 told !m t danc+ 0 a bad practice--& a v *ildi%1 b>b>\s amusem5t1 & he ?\ght x 0 :olly unbecom+ freem54 ,he hop$ !re=e t !y w\ld disp5se ) x4 ,! negroes c\ld n exactly agree ) _! manag]--& said !y did n l to be disappo9t$ 9 _! expect$ sport4 ,mr4 ,b4 f9ally propos$ to !m t he w\ld get ! ,moravian m9i/]1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,h>vey1 to ride out & prea* to !m on ! appo9t$ ev5+4 ,! p all agre$ to ?is4 ,accord+ly1 ,mr4 ,h>vey prea*$1 & !y said no m ab\t ! dance--nor h !y ev] attempt$ to get up a dance s9ce4 ,we _h repeat$ opportunities ( witness+ ! managem5t ( ! labor]s on ! e/ates1 & 7 always /ruck ) ! abs5ce ( e ?+ l co]cion4 ,by ! k9d invitation ( ,mr4 ,b\rne1 we accompani$ him once on a morn+ circuit ar\nd 8 e/ate4 ,aft] rid+ "s di/ance1 we came to ! 'great gang' cutt+ canes4 ,mr4 ,b4 salut$ ! p 9 a fri5dly mann]1 & !y all respond$ ) a he>ty 'good morn91 massa4' ,!re 7 m ?an fifty p]sons1 male & female1 on ! spot4 ,! mo/ ( !m 7 employ$ 9 cutt+ canes,a1 :i* !y did ) a heavy knife call$ a bill4 ,mr4 ,b4 beckon$ to ! sup]9t5d5t1 a black man1 to come to him1 & gave him "s directions = ! =5oon's "w1 & !n1 aft] say+ a few enc\rag+ words to ! p1 took u to ano!r "p ( ! e/ate1 rem>k+ z we rode (f1 ,i h entire confid5ce t ^? labor]s w d _! "w j z ,i want to h x done4 ,we next came ^u "s m51 :o 7 hoe+ 9 a field ( corn4 ,we f\nd t !re _h be5 a slight alt]cation betwe5 two ( ! m54 ,pet]1 :o 0 a =eman1 came to ,mr4 ,b41 & compla9$ t ,george w\ld n leave ! cornfield & g to ano!r k9d ( "w z he _h bid him4 ,mr4 ,b4 call$ ,george1 & ask$ = an explanation4 ,george _h a long /ory to tell1 & he made an e>ne/ def5ce1 accompani$ ) impassion$ ge/iculation2 b 8 dialect 0 ( su* outl&i% description1 t we c\ld n und]/& him4 ,mr4 ,b4 told u t ! ma9 gr\nd ( 8 def5ce 0 t ,pet]'s direction 0 altoge!r unreasonable4 ,pet] 0 !n call$ ^u to su/a9 8 compla9t2 he spoke ) equal e>ne/ness & equal un9telligibility4 ,mr4 ,b4 !n gave 8 decision1 ) great k9dness ( mann]1 :i* q pacifi$ bo? p>ties4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! process ( cutt+ canes is ?is3--,! leafy "p1 at top is fir/ cut (f d[n z l[ z ! sac*>9e matt] ,a few ( ! l[e/ jo9ts ( ! "p ?us cut (f1 are !n /ripp$ ( ! leaves1 & cut (f = plants1 = ! next crop4 ,! /alk is !n cut (f close to ! gr\nd--& x is t :i* furni%es ! juice = sug>4 ,x is f ?ree to twelve feet long1 & f "o to two in*es 9 diamet]1 accord+ to ! quality ( ! soil1 ! seasonabl5ess ( ! wea!r1 c4 ,! cutt]s are foll[$ by ga!r]s1 :o b9d up ! plants & /alks1 z ! cutt]s ca/ !m beh9d !m1 9 diff]5t bundles4 ,! c>ts foll[ 9 ! tra91 & take up ! bundles--c>ry+ ! /alks to ! mill to be gr\nd1 & ! plants 9 ano!r direction4 ,z we rode on1 ,mr4 ,b4 in=m$ u t ,george 0 himself ! =eman ( a small we$+ gang1 & felt x d]ogatory to 8 dignity to be ord]$ by ,pet]4 ,we obs]v$ on all ! e/ates :i* we visit$1 t ! plant]s1 :5 !y wi% to influ5ce _! p1 are 9 ! habit ( appeal+ to !m z freem51 & t n[ bett] ?+s are expect$ ( !m4 ,?is appeal to _! self-respect seldom fails ( c>ry+ ! po9t4 ,x is evid5t f ! =ego+ te/imony1 t if ! negroes d n "w well on any e/ate1 x is g5]ally speak+ ! fault ( ! manag]4 ,we 7 in=m$ ( _m in/ances 9 :i* arbitr>y m5 7 dis*>g$ f ! managem5t ( e/ates1 & ! result has be5 ! re/oration ( ord] & indu/ry among ! p4 ,on ?is po9t we quote ! te/imony ( ,james ,scotl&1 ,s541 ,esq41 an intellig5t & ag$ m]*ant ( ,/4 ,john's3 ,9 ?is colony1 ! evils & tr\bles att5d+ emancipation h result$ almo/ entirely f ! p]sev]ance ( ! plant]s 9 _! old habits ( dom9ation4 ,! plant]s v frequ5tly1 inde$1 9 ! e>ly /age ( fre$om1 us$ _! p[] z employ]s to ! annoyance & injury ( _! labor]s4 ,= ! slighte/ misconduct1 & sometimes )\t any reason :atev]1 ! poor negroes 7 dragg$ be=e ! magi/rates1 7plant]s or _! fri5ds17 & mulct$ 9 _! wages1 f9$ o!rwise1 & committ$ to jail or ! h\se ( correction4 ,& yet ^? h>ass$ p rema9$ pati5t1 ord]ly & submissive4 ,_! treatm5t n[ is mu* improv$4 ,! plant]s h happily discov]$1 t z long z !y kept ! cultivators ( _! l&s 9 agitations & suff]+s1 _! own int]e/s 7 sacrific$4 ,,t5? ,,proposition4--,! negroes are m tru/-wor?y1 & take a deep] int]e/ 9 _! employ]s' affairs1 s9ce emancipation4 ,my labor]s manife/ an increas+ atta*m5t to ! e/ate4 ,9 all _! habits !y are becom+ m settl$1 & !y beg9 to feel t !y h a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! success ( ! prop]ty on :i* !y live4--,mr4 ,favey4 ,z long z ! negroes felt unc]ta9 :e!r !y w\ld rema9 9 "o place1 or be dismiss$ & compell$ to seek a home else:]e1 !y manife/$ v little conc]n = ! advancem5t ( _! employ]s' int]e/2 b 9 proportion z !y become p]man5tly e/abli%$ on an e/ate1 !y seem to id5tify !mselves ) its prosp]ity4 ,! confid5ce betwe5 ma/] & s]vant is mutually increas+4--,mr4 ,james ,h[ell4 ,! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,nug5t1 ,dr4 ,daniell1 ,d4 ,cran/\n1 ,esq41 & o!r plant]s1 enum]at$ among ! advantages ( fre$om1 ! plant]s be+ releas$ f ! p]plexities gr[+ out ( want ( confid5ce 9 ! sympa?y & hone/y ( ! slaves4 ,s4 ,b\rne1 ,esq41 ( ,mill>'s1 rem>k$ z we 7 go+ t[>ds 8 mill & boil+-h\se1 :i* _h be5 9 op]ation ab\t a week1 ,i h n be5 ne> my works = sev]al days2 yet ,i h no fe>s b t ,i %all f9d e ?+ go+ on prop]ly4 ,! plant]s h be5 too deeply exp]i5c$ 9 ! nature ( slav]y1 n to "k t mutual jeal\sy1 di/ru/1 & ali5ation ( feel+ & int]e/1 are its legitimate (fspr+2 & !y h already se5 en\gh ( ! op]ation ( fre$om1 to ent]ta9 ! confid5t expectation1 t fair wages1 k9d treatm5t1 & com=table homes1 w atta* ! labor]s to ! e/ates1 & id5tify ! int]e/s ( ! employ] & ! employ$4 ,,elev5? ,,proposition4--,! exp]im5t 9 ,antigua proves t emancipat$ slaves c appreciate law4 ,x is a prevail+ op9ion t ^? :o h long be5 slaves1 _c at once be safely subject$ to ! control ( law4 ,x w n[ be se5 h[ f> ?is !ory is support$ by facts4 ,let x be rememb]$ t ! negroes ( ,antigua pass$1 by a s+le jump1 f absolute slav]y to unqualifi$ fre$om4,a ,9 pro( ( _! subord9ation to law1 we give ! te/imony ( plant]s1 & quote also f ! police reports s5t 9 mon?ly to ! ,gov]nor1 ) copies ( :i* we 7 k9dly furni%$ by ord] ( ,8 ,excell5cy4 ,footnote ,a3 ,dr4 ,daniell4 ,i h f\nd t ! negroes are readily controll$ by law2 m s p]haps ?an ! labor+ classes 9 o!r c\ntries4--,david ,cran/\n1 ,esq4 ,! conduct ( ! negro population g5]ally1 has surpass$ all expectation4 ,!y are z pliant to ! h& ( legislation1 z any p2 p]haps m s ?an "s4 ,wesleyan ,mission>y4 ,simil> s5tim5ts 7 express$ by ! ,gov]nor1 ! ,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t1 ,r4,b4 ,eldridge1 ,esq41 ,dr4 ,f]guson1 ,dr4 ,daniell1 & ,james ,scotl&1 ,jr41 ,esq41 & num]\s o!r plant]s1 manag]s1 c4 ,?is te/imony is corroborat$ by ! police reports1 exhibit+1 z !y d1 comp>atively few crimes1 & ^? = ! mo/ "p m9or ones4 ,we h 9 our possession ! police reports = e mon? f ,septemb]1 #ahce1 to ,janu>y1 #ahcg4 ,we give su* specim5s z w s]ve to %[ ! g5]al t5or ( ! reports4 ,police-,(fice1 ,/4 ,john's1 ,sept4 #c1 #ahce4 ,f ! in=mation :i* ,i h be5 able to collect by my own p]sonal ex]tions1 & f ! reports ( ! assi/ant inspectors1 at ! out /ations1 ,i am induc$ to believe t1 9 g5]al1 a f> bett] feel+ & good und]/&+ at pres5t prevails betwe5 ! labor]s & _! employ]s1 ?an hi!rto4 ,capital (f5ces h mu* decreas$ 9 numb]1 z well z all m9or ones1 & ! pr9cipal crimes lately submitt$ = ! inve/igation ( ! magi/rates1 seem to consi/ *iefly 9 trifl+ (f5ces & brea*es ( contract4 ,sign$1 ,ri*>d ,s4 ,wickham1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,police4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to 8 excell5cy1 ,sir ,c4,i4 ,murray ,mc,gregor1 ,gov]nor1 c4 ,/4 ,john's1 ,antigua1 ,oct4 #b1 #ahce4 ,sir--,! g5]al /ate ( regul>ity & tranquillity :i* prevails ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 admits ( my mak+ b a concise report to y\r ,excell5cy1 = ! la/ mon?4 ,! autumnal agricultural labors cont9ue to progress favorably1 & ,i h e reason to believe1 t ! agriculturali/s1 g5]ally1 are f> m satisfi$ ) ! int]nal /ate ( ! isl& affairs1 ?an c\ld possibly h be5 anticipat$ a %ort p]iod s9ce4 ,f conv]sations :i* ,i h _h ) sev]al g5tlem5 ( ext5sive int]e/ & practical exp]i5ce1 unit$ ) my own obs]vations1 ,i d n hesitate 9 mak+ a favorable report ( ! g5]al easy & quietly progress+ /ate ( cont5t$ness1 evid5tly %[+ itself among ! labor+ class2 & ,i may add1 t ) few exceptions1 a reciprocity ( k9d & fri5dly feel+ at pres5t is ma9ta9$ betwe5 ! plant]s & _! labor]s4 ,al?\gh in/ances d occur ( brea* ( contract1 !y are n v frequ5t1 & 9 _m cases ,i h be5 induc$ to believe1 t ! crime has orig9at$ m f ! want ( a prop] und]/&+ ( ! "t1 int5t1 & mean+ ( ! contract into :i* ! labor]s h ent]$1 ?an f ! actual exi/5ce ( any dissatisfaction on _! "p4 ,sign$1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,/4 ,john's1 ,antigua1 ,dec4 #b;d1 #ahce4 ,sir--,i h ! honor to report t a cont9u$ un9t]rupt$ /ate ( peace & good ord] has happily prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 dur+ ! la/ mon?4 ,! cal5d> ( (f5ces = trial at ! ensu+ sessions1 be>s little comp>ison ) ^? ( =m] p]iods1 & ,i am happy to /ate1 t ! crimes g5]ally1 are ( a trifl+ nature1 & pr9cipally petty !fts4 ,by a comp>ison ( ! two la/ li/s ( (f5ces submitt$ = inve/igation1 x w be f\nd t a decrease has tak5 place 9 t = ,novemb]4 ,sign$1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,/4 ,john's1 ,janu>y #b;d1 #ahcf4 ,sir--,i h great satisfaction 9 report+ to y\r ,honor ! peaceable t]m9ation ( ! la/ ye>1 & ( ! ,*ri/mas vacation4 ,at ?is p]iod ( ! ye>1 :i* has = ages be5 celebrat$ = sc5es ( gaiety & amusem5t among ! labor+1 z well z all o!r classes ( society1 & :5 sev]al successive days ( idl5ess occur1 ,i _c b congratulate y\r ,honor1 on ! quiet demeanor & g5]al good ord]1 :i* has happily be5 ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! isl&4 ,x may n be improp] "h to rem>k1 t dur+ ! holidays1 ,i _h only "o prison] committ$ to my *>ge1 & t ev5 8 (f5ce 0 ( a m9or nature4 ,sign$1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,extract ( ,report = ,febru>y1 #ahcf4 ,! op]ation ( ! late ,contract ,acts1 caus$ "s trifl+ inconv5i5ce at ! comm5cem5t1 b n[ t !y are cle>ly und]/ood1 ev5 by ! "y & ignorant1 ,i am ( op9ion1 t ! mo/ b5eficial effects h result$ f ^! salut>y ,acts1 equally to ma/] & s]vant1 & t a p]man5t und]/&+ is fully e/abli%$4 ,a return ( crimes report$ dur+ ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 ,i beg leave to enclose1 & at ! same "t1 to congratulate y\r ,honor on ! va/ dim9ution ( all m9or misdemeanors1 & ( ! cont9u$ total abs5ce ( capital (f5ces4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sup]9t5d5t's (fice1 ,antigua1 ,april #d?1 #ahcf4 ,,sir--,i am happy to rem>k1 = ! in=mation ( y\r ,honor1 t ! ,ea/] holidays h pass$ (f1 )\t ! occurr5ce ( any violation ( ! exi/+ laws suffici5tly s]i\s to m]it p>ticul> obs]vation4,a ,sign$1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,footnote ,a3 ,?is & ! o!r reports conc]n1 n ,/4 ,john's m]ely1 b ! entire population ( ! isl&4 ,extract f ! ,report = ,may1 #ahcf4 ,x af=ds me great satisfaction 9 be+ able to report t ! cont9u$ tranquillity prevail+ ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 prev5ts ! necessity ( my call+ ! p>ticul> att5tion ( y\r ,honor to ! exi/5ce ( any s]i\s or flagrant (f5ce4 ,! crop season hav+ f> advanc$1 ,i h mu* pleasure 9 rem>k+ ! cont9u$ /eady & settl$ disposition1 :i* on mo/ prop]ties appe> to be reciprocally e/abli%$ betwe5 ! proprietors & _! agricultural labor]s2 & ,i d also v5ture to (f] z my op9ion1 t a consid]able improvem5t has tak5 place1 9 ! behavior ( dome/ic1 z well z o!r labor]s1 n imm$iately employ$ 9 husb&ry4 ,we quote ! foll[+ table ( (f5ces z a specim5 ( ! mon?ly reports3 ,police ,(fice1 ,/4 ,john's1 #ahcf4 ,,return ,,( ,,(f5ces ,,report$ ,,at ,,! ,,police ,,/ations ,,f #a,,/ ,,to #ca,,/ ,,may4 ,,nature ,,( ,/4 ,e4 ,p>- ,john- ,total4 ,m ,less ,,(f5ses4 ,john's4 ,h>- ham4 /on's ?an ?an b\r4 ,po9t4 la/ la/ mon?4 mon?4 ,assaults4 #b #b #d #e ,d4 & ,batt]ies4 #b #c #e #aj #h ,brea* ( ,contract4 #d #aa #ei #gd #af ,burgl>ies4 #b #c #e #b ,commitm5ts "u ,vagrant ,act4 #d #a #e #aj ,d4 = ,f9es4 #e #e #b ,d "u am5d$ ,port]'s & ,jobb]'s ,act4 #g ,felonies4 #b #b #b ,injury to prop]ty4 #d #i #g #bj #e ,l>c5ies4 #d #d #d ,misdemeanors4#c #ab #ae #ae ,murd]s4 ,petty ,!fts4 #a #a #aj ,trespasses4 #a #b #b #e ,rid+ improp]ly ?ro' ! /reets4 ,total #cc #da #gf #aej #be #fa ,sign$1 ,ri*>d ,s4 ,wickham1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,police4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sup]9t5d5t's (fice1 ,antigua1 ,july #f?1 #ahcf4 ,,sir1--,i h ! honor to submit = y\r in=mation1 a g5]al return ( all (f5ces report$ dur+ ! la/ mon?1 by :i* y\r ,honor w p]ceive1 t no increase ( 'brea* ( contract' has be5 record$4 ,:ile ,i congratulate y\r ,honor on ! successful ma9t5ance ( g5]al peace1 & a reciprocal good feel+ among all classes ( society1 ,i beg to assure y1 t ! op9ion :i* ,i h be5 able to =m 9 relation to ! behavior ( ! labor+ population1 diff]s b little f my late obs]vations4 ,at a crisis l ?is1 :5 all hopes ( ! ultimate success ( s gr& & bold an exp]im5t1 dep5ds1 almo/ entirely1 on a cordial co-op]ation ( ! community1 ,i s9c]ely hope1 t no ob/acles or int]ruptions w n[ pres5t !mselves1 to di/urb t g5]al good und]/&+ s happily e/abli%$1 s9ce ! adoption ( unre/rict$ fre$om4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sup]9t5d5t's (fice1 ,/4 ,john's1 ,sept4 #d?1 #ahcf4 ,,sir--,i h ! honor to enclose1 = ! in=mation ( y\r ,excell5cy1 ! usual mon?ly return ( (f5ces report$ = puni%m5t4 ,x af=ds me v great satisfaction to report1 t ! int]nal peace & tranquillity ( ! isl& has rema9$ un9t]rupt$ dur+ ! la/ mon?2 ! conduct ( all classes ( ! community has be5 ord]ly & peaceable1 & /rictly ob$i5t to ! laws ( _! c\ntry4 ,! agricultural labor]s cont9ue a /eady & uni=m l9e ( conduct1 & ) "s few exceptions1 af=d a g5]al satisfaction to _! sev]al employ]s4 ,e fri5d to ?is c\ntry1 & to ! lib]ties ( ! _w1 mu/ view ) satisfaction ! gradual improvem5t 9 ! "* & behavior ( ?is class ( ! community1 "u ! con/ant op]ation ( ! local enactm5ts4 ,! *ange mu/ naturally be sl[1 b ,i feel sure t1 9 due "t1 a g5]al amelioration 9 ! habits & indu/ry ( ! labor]s w be s5sibly exp]i5c$ by all grades ( society 9 ?is isl&1 & w prove ! b5ign effects & propiti\s results ( ! co-op]at$ ex]tions ( all1 = _! g5]al b5efit & future advancem5t4 ,compla9ts h be5 made 9 ! public pr9ts ( ! robb]ies committ$ 9 ?is t[n1 z well z ! neglect ( duty ( ! police =ce1 & z ^! /atem5ts mu/ ev5tually come "u ! obs]vation ( y\r ,excell5cy1 ,i deem x my duty to make a few obs]vations on ?is po9t4 ,! t[n ( ,/4 ,john's occupies a space ( "o hundr$ & sixty acres ( l&1 divid$ into f\rte5 ma91 & n9e cross /reets1 exclusive ( lanes & alleys--) a population ( ab\t ?ree ?\s& f\r hundr$ p]sons4 ,! num]ical /r5g? ( ! police =ce 9 ?is di/rict1 is elev5 s]geants & two (fic]s2 five ( ^! s]geants are on duty e tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,"o rema9s 9 *>ge ( ! premises1 arms1 & /ores2 ! o!r f\r patrole by day & night1 & h also to att5d to ! daily duties ( ! magi/rates1 & ! elev5? is employ$ by me 7be+ an old "o7 9 g5]al patrole duties1 po9t+ out nuisances & irregul>ities4 ,"o burgl>y & "o felony alone 7 report$ ?r\gh\t ! isl& population ( #cg1jjj s\ls 9 ! mon? ( ,july2 & no burgl>y1 & ?ree felonies1 7 la/ mon? report$4 ,! cases ( robb]y compla9$ (1 h be5 effect$ )\t any viol5ce or noise1 & h pr9cipally be5 by concealm5t 9 /ores1 :i*1 add$ to ! great want ( a s+le lamp1 or o!r light1 9 any "o /reet at night1 mu/ reasonably facilitate ! design ( ! robb]1 & defy ! detection ( ! mo/ active & vigilant body ( police4 ,sign$1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sup]9t5d5t's (fice1 ,antigua1 ,janu>y #d?1 #ahcg4 ,,sir--,x is ) feel+s ( ! mo/ lively gratification t ,i report1 = y\r notice ! quiet & peaceable t]m9ation ( ,*ri/mas vacation1 & ! la/ ye>1 :i* 7 conclud$ )\t a s+le s]i\s violation ( ! gov]n+ laws4 ,i _c refra9 f cordially congratulat+ y\r ,excell5cy on ! regul> & /eady behavior1 ma9ta9$ by all ranks ( society1 at ?is p>ticul> p]iod ( ! ye>4 ,n "o species ( crime :i* c be consid]$ ( an he9\s nature1 has yet be5 discov]$2 & ,i pr\dly v5ture to decl>e my op9ion1 t 9 no "p ( 8 ,maje/y's dom9ions1 has a population ( ?irty ?\s& conduct$ !mselves ) m /rict propriety1 at ?is annual fe/ivity1 or be5 m peaceably ob$i5t to ! laws ( _! c\ntry4 ,sign$1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 connection ) ! above quotation f ! mon?ly reports1 we pres5t an extract ( a lett] f ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! police1 address$ to u4 ,/4 ,john's1 #i? ,febru>y1 #ahcg4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sirs--,9 compliance ) y\r reque/1 ,i h n any hesitation 9 af=d+ y any in=mation on ! subject ( ! free sy/em adopt$ 9 ?is isl&1 :i* my public situation has naturally provid$ me )4 ,! op9ion :i* ,i h =m$ has be51 & yet rema9s1 9 favor ( ! emancipation2 & ,i feel v confid5t t ! sy/em has & cont9ues to "w well1 9 almo/ all in/ances4 ,! labor]s h conduct$ !mselves g5]ally 9 a highly satisfactory mann] to all ! au?orities1 & /rik+ly s :5 we reflect t ! great] portion ( ! population ( ! isl& 7 at once remov$ f a /ate ( long exi/+ slav]y1 to "o ( unre/rict$ fre$om4 ,unacqua9t$ z !y are ) ! laws newly enact$ = _! future gov]nm5t & guidance1 & hav+ be5 l$ 9 _! ignorance to expect incalculable wond]s & b5efits aris+ f fre$om1 ,i _c b reflect ) amazem5t on ! peace & good ord] :i* h be5 s =tunately ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! isl& population ( ?irty ?\s& subjects4 ,"s trifl+ difficulties sprang up on ! comm5cem5t ( ! new sy/em among ! labor]s1 b ev5 ^!1 on /rict inve/igation1 prov$ to orig9ate m f an ignorance ( _! actual position1 ?an f any bad feel+1 or improp] motives1 & consequ5tly 7 ( %ort duration4 ,9 g5]al ! labor]s are peaceable ord]ly1 & civil1 n only to ^? :o move 9 high] sph]es ( life ?an !mselves1 b also to ea* o!r4 ,! crimes !y are g5]ally guilty (1 are petty !fts1 & o!r m9or (f5ces aga9/ ! local acts2 b crimes ( an he9\s nature are v r>e among !m2 & ,i may v5ture to say1 t petty !fts1 break+ sug>-canes to eat1 & (f5ces ( ! l description1 pr9cipally swell ! cal5d>s ( our qu>t]ly c\rts ( sessions4 ,murd] has be5 a /rang] to ?is isl& = _m ye>s2 no execution has occurr$ among ! isl& population = a v long p]iod2 ! only two in/ances 7 two ,iri% soldi]s4 ,! l[] class hav+ become m acqua9t$ ) _! gov]n+ laws1 h also become inf9itely m ob$i5t to !m1 & ,i h obs]v$ t p>ticul> c>e is tak5 among mo/ ( !m to expla9 to ea* o!r ! nature ( ! laws1 & to po9t out 9 _! usual /yle ! ill consequ5ces att5d+ any violation ( !m4 ,a due fe> (1 & a prompt ob$i5ce to1 ! au?ority ( ! magi/rates1 is a prom95t feature ( ! l[] ord]s1 & to ?is ,i ma9ly attribute ! successful ma9t5ance ( rural tranquillity4 ,s9ce emancipation1 ! agricultural labor] has _h to cont5d ) two ( ! mo/ ob/9ate dr\ghts exp]i5c$ = _m ye>s 9 ! isl&1 :i* has decreas$ ! supply ( 8 accu/om$ vegetables & gr\nd provisions1 & consequ5tly subject$ him & family to v great privations2 b ?is ev51 ,i ?9k1 has be5 submitt$ to ) becom+ resignation4 ,to judge ( ! pa/ & pres5t /ate ( society ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 ,i presume t ! lives & prop]ties ( all classes are z secure 9 ?is1 z 9 any o!r portion ( 8 ,maje/y's dom9ions2 & ,i s9c]ely hope t ! future behavior ( all1 w m cle>ly manife/ ! correctness ( my views ( ?is highly important subject4 ,i rema91 de> sirs1 y\rs fai?fully1 ,,ri*>d ,s4 ,,wickham1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( police4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is te/imony is po9t$ & emphatic2 & x comes f "o ^: (ficial bus9ess x is to "k ! ?+s :]e( he "h affirms4 ,we h pres5t$ n m]ely ! op9ions ( ,mr4 ,w41 relative to ! subord9ation ( ! emancipat$ negroes 9 ,antigua1 b likewise ! facts ^u :i* be f\nd$ 8 op9ion4 ,on a po9t ( su* p>am\nt importance we _c be too explicit4 ,we !re=e add ! te/imony ( plant]s z to ! actual /ate ( crime comp>$ ) t previ\s to emancipation4 ,said ,j4 ,h[ell1 ,esq41 ( ,t4 ,j>vis's e/ate1 ,i d n ?9k t aggressions on prop]ty1 & crime 9 g5]al1 h increas$ s9ce emancipation1 b r decreas$4 ,!y appe> to be m frequ5t1 because !y are made m public4 ,dur+ slav]y1 all petty !fts1 insubord9ation1 insol5ce1 neglect ( "w1 & s =?1 7 puni%$ summ>ily on ! e/ate1 by ord] ( ! manag]1 & n ev5 s mu* z ! rumor ( !m ev] rea*$ beyond ! conf9es ( ! prop]ty4 ,n[ all (f5ces1 :e!r great or trifl+1 are to be tak5 cognizance ( by ! magi/rate or jury1 & h5ce !y become notori\s4 ,=m]ly ea* plant] knew only ( ^? crimes :i* occurr$ on 8 own prop]ty2 n[ e "o kn[s some?+ ab\t ! crimes committ$ on e o!r e/ate1 z well z 8 own4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,mr4 ,h4 is a man ( ?or\gh & long exp]i5ce 9 ! condition ( ! isl&1 hav+ liv$ 9 x s9ce ! ye> #ahjj1 & be+ mo/ ( t "t engag$ directly is ! managem5t ( e/ates4 ,aggression on private prop]ty1 su* z break+ into h\ses1 cutt+ canes1 c41 are decid$ly few] ?an =m]ly4 ,x is true t crime is made m public n[1 ?an dur+ slav]y1 :5 ! ma/] 0 8 own magi/rate4--,dr4 ,daniell4 ,i am ( ! op9ion t crime 9 ! isl& has dim9i%$ r ?an increas$ s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,!re is an app>5t increase ( crime1 because e misdemeanor1 h[ev] petty1 floats to ! surface4--,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t4 ,we might multiply te/imony on ?is po9t2 b suffice x to say t ) v few exceptions1 ! plant]s1 _m ( :om are also civil magi/rates1 concur 9 ^! two /atem5ts2 t ! am\nt ( crime is actually less ?an x 0 dur+ slav]y2 & t x appe>s to be great] because ( ! publicity :i* is necess>ily giv5 by legal processes to (f5ces :i* 7 =m]ly puni%$ & =gott5 on ! spot :]e !y occurr$4 ,"s ( ! prom95t po9ts e/abli%$ by ! =ego+ evid5ce are1 #a/4 ,t mo/ ( ! crimes committ$ are petty misdemeanors su* z turn+ out to "w late 9 ! morn+1 cutt+ canes to eat1 c4 ,high p5al (f5ces are exce$+ly r>e4 #b;d4 ,t :]e (f5ces ( a s]i\s nature d occur1 or any op5 insubord9ation takes place1 !y are f\nd$ 9 ignorance or misappreh5sion ( ! law1 & are seldom repeat$ a second "t1 if ! law be prop]ly expla9$ & fully und]/ood4 #c;d4 ,t ! above /atem5ts apply to no p>ticul> "p ( ! isl&1 :]e ! negroes are peculi>ly favor$ ) intellig5ce & religion1 b are made ) ref]5ce to tire isl& g5]ally4 ,n[ x happ5s t 9 "o qu>t] ( ! isl& ! negro population are rem>kably ignorant & degrad$4 ,we 7 cr$ibly in=m$ by v>i\s mission>ies1 :o _h labor$ 9 ,antigua & 9 a numb] ( ! o!r ,engli% isl&s1 t !y _h n f\nd 9 any colony s mu* debasem5t among ! p1 z prevail$ 9 ! "p ( ,antigua j allud$ to4 ,yet !y te/ifi$ t ! negroes 9 t qu>t] 7 z peaceable1 ord]ly1 & ob$i5t to law1 z 9 any o!r "p ( ! colony4 ,we make ?is /atem5t "h p>ticul>ly = ! purpose ( rem>k+ t 9 ! te/imony ( ! plant]s1 & 9 ! police reports2 !re is n a s+le allusion to ?is portion ( ! isl& z =m+ an exception to ! prevail+ /ate ( ord] & subord9ation4 ,aft] ! =ego+ facts & evid5ces1 we ask1 :at becomes ( ! dogma1 t slaves _c be imm$iately plac$ "u ! gov]nm5t ( equitable laws ) safety to !mselves & ! community8 ,twelf? proposition4--,! emancipat$ negroes h %[n no disposition to roam f place to place4 ,a t5d5cy to rove ab\t1 is ?\ght by _m to be a *>act]i/ic ( ! negro2 he is n all[$ ev5 an ord9>y %>e ( local atta*m5t1 b mu/ leave ! *a9 & /aple ( slav]y to hold him amid/ ! graves ( 8 fa!rs & ! society ( 8 *ildr54 ,! exp]im5t 9 ,antigua %[s t su* s5tim5ts are gr\ndless prejudices4 ,!re a l>ge body ( slaves 7 turn$ loose2 !y _h full lib]ty to leave _! old homes & settle on o!r prop]ties--or if !y pref]r$ a cont9u\s c\rse ( rov+1 !y might *ange employ]s e six weeks1 & pass f "o e/ate to ano!r until !y _h accompli%$ ! circuit ( ! isl&4 ,b1 :at are ! facts8 ,! negroes are n dispos$ to leave ! e/ates on :i* !y h =m]ly liv$1 unless !y are =c$ away by bad treatm5t4 ,i h witness$ _m facts :i* illu/rate ?is rem>k4 ,n unfrequ5tly "o ( ! labor]s w get dissatisfi$ ab\t some?+1 & 9 ! excitem5t ( ! mom5t w notify me t he int5ds to leave my employ at ! end ( a mon?4 ,b 9 n9e cases out ( t5 su* p]sons1 be=e ! mon? has expir$1 beg to be all[$ to rema9 on ! e/ate4 ,! /r5g? ( _! local atta*m5t soon ov]comes _! res5tm5t & ev5 drives !m to make ! mo/ humiliat+ confessions 9 ord] to be re/or$ to ! favor ( _! employ]1 & ?us be p]mitt$ to rema9 9 _! old homes4--,h4 ,arm/rong1 ,esq4 ,no?+ b bad treatm5t on ! "p ( ! plant]s has ev] caus$ ! negroes to leave ! e/ates on :i* !y 7 accu/om$ to live1 & 9 su* cases a *ange ( managem5t has almo/ uni=mly be5 suffici5t to induce !m to return4 ,we h kn[n sev]al in/ances ( ?is k9d4--,s4 ,b\rne1 ,esq41 ( ,mill>'s1 & ,mr4 ,watk9s1 ( ,donavan's4 ,! negroes are rem>kably atta*$ to _! homes4 ,9 ! ye> #ahbh1 =ty-?ree slaves 7 sold f ! e/ate "u my managem5t1 & remov$ to ano!r e/ate t5 miles di/ant4 ,aft] emancipation1 ! :ole ( ^! came back1 & plead ) me to employ !m1 t !y might live 9 _! =m] h\ses4--,james ,h[ell1 ,esq4 ,v few ( my p h left me4 ,! negroes are peculi> = _! atta*m5t to _! homes4--,samuel ,b>n>d1 ,esq41 ( ,gre5 ,ca/le4 ,love ( home is v rem>kable 9 ! negroes4 ,x is a passion ) !m4 ,on "o ( ! e/ates ( :i* ,i am attorney1 a "p ( ! labor]s 7 hir$ f o!r proprietors4 ,!y _h be5 = a great _m ye>s liv+ on ! e/ate1 & !y became s /rongly atta*$ to x1 t !y all cont9u$ to "w on x aft] emancipation1 & !y /ill rema9 on ! same prop]ty4 ,! negroes are lo? to leave _! homes1 & !y v seldom d s unless =c$ away by ill treatm5t4--,dr4 ,daniell4 ,on a c]ta9 occasion we 7 9 ! company ( f\r plant]s1 & among o!r topics ?is subject 0 mu* spok5 (4 ,!y all accord$ p]fectly 9 ! s5tim5t t ! negroes 7 peculi>ly s5sible to ! influ5ce ( local atta*m5ts4 ,"o ( ! g5tlem5 obs]v$ t x 0 a v common say+ ) !m--,me nebb] leave my born9' gr\nd1--i4e41 bir?-place4 ,an ag$ g5tleman 9 ,/4 ,john's1 :o 0 =m]ly a plant]1 rem>k$1 ,! negroes h v /rong local atta*m5ts4 ,!y love _! little hut1 :]e ! calaba% tree1 plant$ at ! bir? ( a son1 waves ov] ! bones ( _! p>5ts4 ,!y w endure almo/ any h>d%ip & suff] repeat$ wrongs be=e !y w des]t t spot4 ,su* are ! s5tim5ts ( ,we/ ,india plant]s2 express$1 9 ! majority ( cases1 spontane\sly1 & mo/ly 9 illu/ration ( o!r /atem5ts4 ,we did n he> a ^w t impli$ an opposite s5tim5t4 ,x is true1 mu* 0 said ab\t ! emigration to ,dem]>a1 b ! facts 9 ?is case only s]ve to confirm ! te/imony already quot$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 no?+ b ! inducem5t ( v high wages,a c\ld influ5ce any to g1 & 9 ! next place1 aft] !y got !re !y sigh$ to return1 7b 7 n p]mitt$17 & s5t back ^w to _! relatives & fri5ds n to leave ,antigua4 ,footnote ,a3 ,f fifty c5ts to a doll> p] day4 ,facts cle>ly prove1 t ! negroes1 in/ead ( be+ indiff]5t to local atta*m5ts1 are peculi>ly alive to !m4 ,t no?+ %ort ( cruelty c drive !m f _! homes--t !y w endure ev5 t1 z long z x c be borne1 r ?an leave2 & t z soon z ! in/rum5t ( cruelty is remov$1 !y w ha/5 back to _! born9' gr\nd4 ,,?irte5? ,,proposition4--,! gift ( unre/rict$ fre$om1 ?\gh s sudd5ly be/[$1 has n made ! negroes m insol5t ?an !y 7 :ile slaves1 b has r5d]$ !m less s4--,dr4 ,daniell4 ,said ,james ,h[ell1 ,esq4--,a %ort "t aft] emancipation1 ! negroes %[$ "s disposition to assume airs & affect a degree ( indep5d5ce2 b ?is soon disappe>$1 & !y are n[ respectful & civil4 ,!re has be5 a mutual improvem5t 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,! plant]s treat ! labor]s m l fell[ m51 & ?is leads ! latt] to be respectful 9 _! turn4 ,r4,b4 ,eldridge1 ,esq41 ask$ u if we _h n obs]v$ ! civility ( ! l[] classes z we pass$ !m on ! /reets1 bo? 9 t[n & 9 ! c\ntry4 ,he said x 0 _! uni=m cu/om to b[ or t\* _! hat :5 !y pass$ a :ite p]son4 ,!y did s dur+ slav]y1 & he _h n discov]$ any *ange 9 ?is respect s9ce emancipation4 ,said ,mr4 ,b\rne--,! negroes are decid$ly less insol5t n[ ?an !y 7 dur+ slav]y4 ,said ,mr4 ,watk9s1 ( ,donovan's--,! negroes are n[ all cap 9 h&2 z !y "k t x is = _! int]e/ to be respectful to _! employ]s4 ,said ,dr4 ,nug5t--,emancipation has n produc$ insol5ce among ! negroes4 ,dur+ our /ay 9 ,antigua1 we saw no indications :atsoev] ( insol5ce4 ,we spoke 9 a =m] "p ( ?is "w ( ! uncommon civility manife/$ 9 a v>iety ( ways on ! road-sides4 ,a trifl+ incid5t occurr$ "o day 9 ,/4 ,john's1 :i* at fir/ seem$ to be no small rud5ess4 ,z "o ( u 0 /&+ 9 ! v]&ah ( our lodg+ h\se1 9 ! dusk ( ! ev5+1 a brawny negro man :o 0 walk+ d[n ! middle ( ! /reet1 /opp$ opposite u1 & squ>+ himself1 call$ out4 ,heigh6 ,:at = y /& d>e wid y\r arms s8 plac+ 8 arms akimbo1 9 imitation ( ours4 ,see+ we made no answ]1 he repeat$ ! "q1 /ill /&+ 9 ! same po/ure4 ,we took no notice ( him1 see+ t 8 suppos$ insol5ce 0 at mo/ good-humor$ & innoc5t4 ,our ho/ess1 a color$ lady1 happ5$ to /ep out at ! mom5t1 & told u t ! man _h mi/ak5 u = h] son1 ) :om he 0 well acqua9t$1 at ! same "t call+ to ! man1 & tell+ him ( 8 mi/ake4 ,! negro in/antly dropp$ 8 arms1 took (f 8 hat1 begg$ p>don1 & walk$ away app>5tly q a%am$4 ,,f\rte5? ,,proposition4--,emancipation 9 ,antigua has demon/rat$ t ,,gratitude is a prom95t trait ( ! negro "*4 ,! conduct ( ! negroes on ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 is ample pro( ( ?is2 & _! uni=m conduct s9ce t ev5t manife/s an habitual feel+ ( gratitude4 ,said "o1 ,! lib]ty we receiv$ f ! k+1 we c nev] suffici5tly ?ank ,god =2 :5ev] we ?9k ( x1 our he>ts g out 9 gratitude to ,god4 ,simil> expressions we he>d repeat$ly f ! negroes4--,we obs]v$ t ! slighte/ allusion to ! fir/ ( ,augu/ 9 a company ( fre$ p]sons1 w\ld awak5 p[]ful emotions1 accompani$ ) exclamations ( tank de good ,"l1 bless de ,savior1 praise de bless$ ,savior1 & su* l4 ,x 0 ! rem>k ( ,mr4 ,james ,h[ell1 manag] ( ,?ib\ ,j>vis's--,t ! negroes ev9c$ v little gratitude to _! ma/]s = fre$om4 ,_! gratitude all fl[$ t[>d ,god & ! k+1 :om !y reg>d$ z ! sole au?ors ( _! lib]ty4 ,mr4 ,watk9s obs]v$ t ! negroes' motto 0 ,god & ! k+4 ,?is feel+ exi/$ p>ticul>ly at ! "t ( emancipation1 & %ortly aft] x4 ,!y h s9ce become m atta*$ to _! =m] ma/]s4 ,x is by no means /range t ! negroes %\ld feel little gratitude t[>d _! late ma/]s1 s9ce !y knew _! opposition to ! b5evol5t int5tions ( ! ,engli% gov]nm5t4 ,we 7 in=m$ by ,dr4 ,daniell & _m o!rs1 t = sev]al mon?s be=e emancipation took place1 ! negroes _h an idea t ! k+ _h s5t !m '_! free pap]s1' & t _! ma/]s 7 keep+ !m back4 ,besides1 x 0 b two ye>s be=e t p]iod1 t !y _h come into fi]ce & op5 ho/ility ) ! plant]s = aboli%+ ! ,sunday m>ket1 & giv+ !m no m>ket-day in/ead !re(4 ,9 ?is ?+ _! ma/]s _h %[n !mselves to be _! enemies4 ,t any good ?+ c\ld come f su* p]sons ! slaves 7 d\btless sl[ to believe4 ,h[ev]1 x is an und5iable fact1 t s9ce emancipation1 k9d treatm5t on ! "p ( ! ma/]s1 has nev] fail$ to excite gratitude 9 ! negroes4 ,! plant]s und]/& fully h[ !y may secure ! atta*m5t & confid5ce ( _! p4 ,a grateful & cont5t$ _s c]ta9ly *>act]izes ! negroes ( ,antigua4 ,!y d n lightly e/eem :at !y h got1 & murmur because !y h no m4 ,!y d n compla9 ( small wages1 & /rike = high]4 ,!y d n grumble ab\t _! simple food & _! co>se clo!s1 & flaunt ab\t1 say+ 'freem5 ought to live bett]4' ,!y d n become dissatisfi$ ) _! l[ly1 cane-?at*$ huts1 & say we ought to h z good h\ses z massa4 ,!y d n look ) an evil eye ^u ! political privileges ( ! :ites1 & say we h ! majority1 & we'll rule4 ,x is ! common say+ ) !m1 :5 speak+ ( ! inconv5i5ces :i* !y sometimes suff]1 ,well1 we mu/ be satify & cont54 ,,fifte5? ,,proposition4--,! fre$ negroes ( ,antigua h prov$ t !y are able to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,x is affirm$ by ! oppon5ts ( emancipation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t if ! slaves 7 lib]at$1 !y c\ld n take c>e ( !mselves4 ,"s ( ! reasons assign$ = ent]ta9+ ?is view are--#a/1 ,! negro is naturally improvid5t4 #b;d1 ,he is con/itutionally indol5t4 #c;d1 ,be+ ( an inf]ior race1 he is defici5t 9 t %rewdness & managem5t necess>y to prev5t 8 be+ impos$ ^u1 & :i* are indisp5sable to enable him to conduct any bus9ess ) success4 #d?1 ,all ^! natural defects h be5 aggravat$ by slav]y4 ,! slave nev] provides = himself1 b looks to 8 ma/] = ev]y?+ he ne$s4 ,s likewise he becomes increas+ly av]se to labor1 by be+ driv5 to x daily1 & flogg$ = neglect+ x4 ,fur!rmore1 :atev] ( m9d he _h orig9ally has be5 ext+ui%$ by slav]y4 ,?us by nature & by habit ! negro is utt]ly unqualifi$ to take c>e ( himself4 ,s mu* = !ory2 n[ = te/imony4 ,fir/1 :at is ! evid5ce ) reg>d to ! improvid5ce ( ! negroes8 ,dur+ slav]y1 ! negroes squ&]$ e c5t ( money !y got1 because !y 7 sure ( food & clo?+4 ,s9ce _! fre$om1 !y h begun to cultivate habits ( c>efulness & economy4--,mr4 ,james ,h[ell4 ,facts--#a/4 ,! l[ wages ( ! labor]s is pro( ( _! provid5ce4 ,did !y n obs]ve ! /ricte/ economy1 !y c\ld n live on fifty c5ts p] week4 #b;d4 ,t !y buy small p>cels ( l& to cultivate1 is pro( ( economy & =esight4 ,! plant]s h to resort to e means 9 _! p[] to induce _! labor]s n to pur*ase l&4 #c;d4 ,! ,fri5dly ,societies are an evid5ce ( ! same ?+4 ,h[ c we acc\nt = ! numb] ( ^! societies1 & = ! l>ge sums ( money annually contribut$ 9 !m8 ,& h[ is x t ^! societies h trebl$1 bo? 9 memb]s & means s9ce emancipation1 if x be true t ! negroes are ?us improvid5t1 & t fre$om br+s />vation8 #d?4 ,! weekly & mon?ly contributions to ! *ur*es1 to b5evol5t societies1 & to ! s*ools1 demon/rate ! economy ( ! negroes2 & ! great increase ( ^! contributions s9ce ,augu/1 #ahcd1 proves t emancipation has n made !m less economical4 #e?4 ,! increas+ att5tion paid to ! cultivation ( _! private provision gr\nds is fur!r pro( ( _! =esight4 ,= "s "t subsequ5t to emancipation1 z long z ! p 7 9 an unsettl$ /ate1 !y p>tially neglect$ _! gr\nds4 ,! reason 01 !y did n "k :e!r !y %\ld rema9 on ! same e/ate long en\gh to reap _! provisions1 %\ld !y plant any4 ,?is /ate ( unc]ta9ty v naturally p>alyz$ all indu/ry & ent]prise2 & _! neglect+ ! cultivation ( _! provision gr\nds1 "u su* circum/ances1 ev9c$ =esight r ?an improvid5ce4 ,s9ce !y h become m p]man5tly e/abli%$ on ! e/ates1 !y are resum+ ! cultivation ( _! gr\nds ) r5ew$ vigor4 ,said ,dr4 ,daniell--,!re is an increas+ att5tion paid by ! negroes to cultivat+ _! private l&s1 s9ce !y h become m p]man5tly settl$4 #f?4 ,! fact t ! p>5ts take c>e ( ! wages :i* _! *ildr5 e>n1 %[s _! provid5t disposition4 ,we 7 in=m$ t ! mo!rs usually take *>ge ( ! money paid to _! *ildr51 especially _! daught]s1 & ?is1 9 ord] to tea* !m prop] subord9ation1 & to provide aga9/ casualties1 sickness1 & ! infirmities ( age4 #g?4 ,! fact t ! negroes are able to support _! ag$ p>5ts1 is fur!r pro(4 ,z x reg>ds ! second specification1 viz41 con/itutional indol5ce1 we may ref] g5]ally to ! evid5ce on ?is subject "u a =m] proposition4 ,we w m]ely /ate "h two facts4 #a/4 ,al?\gh ! negroes are n oblig$ to "w on ,saturday1 yet !y are 9 ! habit ( go+ to e/ates t are weak-h&$1 & hir+ !mselves out on t day4 #b;d4 ,x is cu/om>y ?r\gh\t ! isl& to give two h\rs 7f #ab to #b7 recess f labor4 ,we 7 told t 9 _m cases ?is "t is sp5t 9 work+ on _! private provision gr\nds1 or 9 "s active employm5t by :i* a pittance may be add$ to _! scanty e>n+s4 ,:at are ! facts respect+ ! natural inf]iority ( ! negro race1 & _! incompet5cy to manage _! own affairs8 ,said ,mr4 ,arm/rong--,! negroes are exce$+ly quick to turn a ?\ght4 ,!y %[ a great deal ( %rewdness 9 e ?+ :i* conc]ns _! own int]e/s4 ,to a /rang] x mu/ be utt]ly incr$ible h[ !y c manage to live on su* small wages4 ,!y are v exact 9 keep+ _! acc\nts ) ! manag]4 ,! negroes are v acute 9 mak+ b>ga9s4 ,a difficulty once arose on an e/ate "u my *>ge1 betwe5 ! manag] & ! p1 9 settl+ = a job :i* ! labor]s _h done4 ,! latt] compla9$ t ! manag] did n give !m z mu* z 0 /ipulat$ 9 ! orig9al agreem5t4 ,! manag] cont5d$ t he _h paid ! :ole am\nt4 ,! p br\ght _! compla9t be=e me1 z attorney1 & ma9ta9$ t !re 0 "o %ill+ & six-p5ce 7ab\t n9ete5 c5ts7 due ea* ( !m4 ,i exam9$ ! acc\nts & f\nd t !y 7 "r1 & t ! manag] _h really made a mi/ake to ! v am\nt specifi$4--,dr4 ,daniell4 ,! emancipat$ p manife/ z mu* cunn+ & address 9 bus9ess1 z any class ( p]sons4--,mr4 ,j4 ,h[ell4 ,! capabilities ( ! blacks = education are conspicu\s2 s also z to m5tal acquirem5ts & trades4--,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t4 ,x is a little rem>kable t :ile ,am]icans fe> t ! negroes1 if emancipat$1 c\ld n take c>e ( !mselves1 ! ,we/ ,indians fe> le/ !y %\ld take c>e ( !mselves2 h5ce !y disc\rage !m f buy+ l&s1 f le>n+ trades1 & f all employm5ts :i* might r5d] !m indep5d5t ( sug> cultivation4 ,,sixte5? ,,proposition4--,emancipation has op]at$ at once to elevate & improve ! negroes4 ,x introduc$ !m into ! mid/ ( all relations1 human & div9e4 ,x 0 ! fir/ =mal ackn[l$gm5t t !y 7 ,,m5--p]sonally int]e/$ 9 ! op]ations ( law1 & ! requirem5ts ( ,god4 ,x laid ! corn]-/one 9 ! fabric ( _! moral & intellectual improvem5t4 ,! negroes h a gr[+ self-respect & reg>d = "*4 ,?is 0 a feel+ :i* 0 sc>cely kn[n by !m dur+ slav]y4--,mr4 ,j4 ,h[ell4 ,! negroes pay a great deal m att5tion to _! p]sonal appe>ance1 ?an !y 7 accu/om$ to :ile slaves4 ,! wom5 9 p>ticul> h improv$ a/oni%+ly 9 _! dress & mann]s4--,dr4 ,daniell4 ,abundant pro( ( ?is proposition may be f\nd 9 ! /atem5ts already made respect+ ! decrease ( lic5ti\sness1 ! increas$ att5tion paid to m>riage1 ! ab&onm5t by ! mo!rs ( ! horrible practice ( sell+ _! daught]s to vile :ite m51 ! rev]5ce = ! ,sabba?1 ! att5dance ^u div9e wor%ip1 ! exempl>y subord9ation to law1 ! avoidance ( riot\s conduct1 insol5ce1 & intemp]ance4 ,,sev5te5? ,,proposition--,emancipation promises a va/ improvem5t 9 ! condition ( woman4 ,:at c\ld m effectually =ce woman f h] sph]e1 ?an slav]y has done by dragg+ h] to ! field1 subject+ h] to ! obsc5e rem>ks1 & to ! vile abom9ations ( lic5ti\s driv]s & ov]se]s2 by compell+ h] to wield ! heavy hoe1 until advanc+ pregnancy r5d]$ h] useless !n at ! e>lie/ possible p]iod driv+ h] back to ! field ) h] infant swung at h] back1 or torn f h] & committ$ to a /rang]4 ,"s ( ^! evils /ill exi/ 9 ,antigua1 b !re has already be5 a great abatem5t ( !m1 & ! humane plant]s look =w>d to _! complete removal1 & to ! ultimate re/oration ( woman to ! quiet & purity ( dome/ic life4 ,samuel ,b\rne1 ,esq41 /at$1 t !re _h be5 a great improvem5t 9 ! treatm5t ( mo!rs on 8 e/ate4 ,"u ! old sy/em1 mo!rs 7 requir$ to "w half ! "t aft] _! *ildr5 7 six weeks old2 b n[ we d n call !m out = n9e mon?s aft] _! conf9em5t1 until _! *ildr5 are entirely wean$4 ,9 ^? cases :]e wom5 h husb&s 9 ! field1 !y d n turn out :ile !y are nurs+ _! *ildr54 ,9 _m in/ances ! husb&s pref] to h _! wives engag$ 9 o!r "w1 & ,i d n require !m to g to ! field4--,mr4 ,j ,h[ell4 ,mu* is already beg9n+ to be said ( ! probability t ! wom5 w )draw f agricultural labor4 ,a conviction ( ! impropriety ( females engag+ 9 su* employm5ts is gradually =m+ 9 ! m9ds ( enlight5$ & influ5tial plant]s4 ,a %ort "t previ\s to emancipation1 ! ,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t1 speak] ( ! assembly1 made ! foll[+ rem>ks be=e ! h\se3--,at ! close ( ! debate1 he utt]$ 8 f]v5t hope1 t ! day w\ld come :5 ! pr9cipal "p ( ! agriculture ( ! isl& w\ld be p]=m$ by males1 & t ! wom5 w\ld be occupi$ 9 keep+ _! cottages 9 ord]1 & 9 increas+ _! dome/ic com=ts4 ,! desire ( improvem5t is /rong among !m2 !y are look+ anxi\sly =w>d to ! in/ruction & advancem5t ( _! *ildr51 & ev5 ( !mselves4--,antigua ,h]ald1 ( ,m>*1 #ahcd4 ,9 a writt5 communication to u1 dat$ ,janu>y #ag1 #ahcg1 ! ,speak] says3 ,emancipation w1 ,i d\bt n1 improve ! condition ( ! females4 ,!re c be no d\bt t !y w ultimately leave ! field1 7except 9 times ( em]g5cy17 & conf9e !mselves to _! appropriate dome/ic employm5ts4 ,,eighte5? ,,proposition4--,real e/ate has ris5 9 value s9ce emancipation2 m]cantile & me*anical occupations h receiv$ a fre% impulse2 & ! g5]al condition ( ! colony is decid$ly m fl\ri%+ ?an at any =m] p]iod4 ,! cr$it ( ! isl& has decid$ly improv$4 ,! int]nal prosp]ity ( ! isl& is advanc+ 9 an increas$ ratio4 ,m build+s h be5 erect$ s9ce emancipation1 ?an = tw5ty ye>s be=e4 ,/ores & %ops h multipli$ a/oni%+ly2 ,i c safely say t _! numb] has m ?an qu9tupl$ s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y4--,dr4 ,f]guson4 ,emancipation has v greatly increas$ ! value (1 & consequ5tly ! dem& =1 real e/ate4 ,t :i* ?ree ye>s ago 0 a drug altoge!r unsaleable by private b>ga92 has n[ _m inquir]s aft] x1 & ready pur*as]s at good prices4 ,! importation ( ,briti% manufactur$ goods has be5 consid]ably augm5t$1 probably "o f\r?4 ,! cr$it ( ! plant]s :o h be5 *iefly affect$ by ! *ange1 has be5 mu* improv$4 ,& ! great r$uction ( exp5se 9 manag+ ! e/ates1 has made !m m5 ( m real weal?1 & consequ5tly rais$ _! cr$it bo? ) ! ,engli% m]*ants & our own4--,james ,scotl&1 ,s541 ,esq4 ,! effect ( emancipation ^u ! comm]ce ( ! isl& mu/ ne$s h be5 b5eficial1 z ! labor]s indulge 9 m :eat5 fl\r1 rice1 mack]el1 dry fi%1 & salt-pork1 ?an =m]ly4 ,m lumb] is us$ 9 ! sup]ior cottages n[ built = _! habitations4 ,m dry goods--manufactures ( wool1 cotton1 l951 silk1 lea!r1 c41 are also us$1 n[ t ! labor]s c bett] af=d to indulge _! prop5sity = gay clo?+4--,/atem5t ( a m]*ant & ag5t = e/ates4 ,real e/ate has ris5 9 value1 & m]cantile bus9ess has greatly improv$4--,h4 ,arm/rong1 ,esq4 ,a m]*ant ( ,/4 ,john's in=m$ u1 t real e/ate _h increas$ 9 value at lea/ fifty p] c5t4 ,he m5tion$ ! fact1 t an e/ate :i* previ\s to emancipation c\ld n be sold = #fjj curr5t1 lately br\ght #bjjj curr5t4 ,,n9ete5? ,,proposition--,emancipation has be5 foll[$ by ! introduction ( labor-sav+ ma*9]y4 ,v>i\s exp$i5ts = sav+ manual labor h already be5 introduc$1 & we anticipate /ill great] improvem5ts4 ,v little 0 ?\ght ( ?is subject previ\s to emancipation4--,s4 ,b\rne1 ,esq4 ,plant]s are beg9n+ to ca/ ab\t = improvem5ts 9 labor4 ,my own m9d has be5 greatly turn$ to ?is subject s9ce emancipation4--,h4 ,arm/rong1 ,esq4 ,! pl\gh is beg9n+ to be v ext5sively us$4--,mr4 ,hatley4 ,!re has be5 consid]able simplification 9 agricultural labor already1 :i* w\ld h be5 m conspicu\s1 _h x n be5 = ! excessive dr\ght :i* has prevail$ s9ce #ahcd4 ,! pl\gh is m us$1 & ! exp$i5ts = manur+ l& are less labori\s4--,extract ( a lett] f ,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t4 ,,tw5tie? ,,proposition4--,emancipation has produc$ ! mo/ decid$ *ange 9 ! views ( ! plant]s4 ,be=e emancipation took place1 !re 0 ! bitt]e/ opposition to x among ! plant]s4 ,b aft] fre$om came1 !y 7 delight$ ) ! *ange4 ,i felt /rong opposition myself1 be+ exce$+ly unwill+ to give up my p[] ( comm&4 ,b ,i %all nev] =get h[ diff]5tly ,i felt :5 fre$om took place ,i arose f my b$ on ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 exclaim+ ) joy1 ',i am free1 ,i am free2 ,i 0 ! greate/ slave on ! e/ate1 b n[ ,i am free4'--,mr4 ,j4 ,h[ell4 ,we all resi/$ viol5tly ! measure ( abolition1 :5 x fir/ began to be agitat$ 9 ,engl&4 ,we reg>d$ x z an outrage\s int]f]5ce ) our rights1 ) our prop]ty4 ,b we are n[ rejoic$ t slav]y is aboli%$4--,dr4 ,daniell4 ,i h already se5 su* decid$ b5efits gr[+ out ( ! free labor sy/em1 t = my "p ,i wi% nev] to see ! face ( slav]y aga94 --,mr4 ,hatley4 ,i d n "k ( a s+le plant] :o w\ld be will+ to return to slav]y4 ,we all feel t x 0 a great curse4--,d4 ,cran/\n1 ,esq4 ,! speak] ( ! assembly 0 reque/$ to /ate especially ! advantages ( fre$om bo? to ! ma/] & ! slave2 & he k9dly communicat$ ! foll[+ reply3 ,! b5efits to ! ma/] are conspicu\s--he has got rid ( ! c>k & c>e1 ! anxiety & incessant worry ( manag+ slaves2 all ! tr\ble & responsibility ( re>+ !m f infancy1 ( _! prop] ma9t5ance 9 heal?1 & sickness1 & decrepitude1 ( co]c+ !m to labor1 re/ra9+1 correct+1 & puni%+ _! faults & crimes--settl+ all _! grievances & disputes4 ,he is n[ entirely free f all appreh5sion ( injury1 rev5ge1 or insurrection1 h[ev] transi5t & mom5t>y su* impression may h =m]ly be54 ,he has no long] ! reproa* ( be+ a slavehold]2 8 prop]ty has lo/ all ! ta9t ( slav]y1 & is plac$ on z secure a foot+1 9 a moral & political po9t ( view1 z t 9 any o!r "p ( ! ,briti% dom9ions4 ,z reg>ds ! o!r p>ty1 x seems almo/ unnecess>y to po9t out ! advantages ( be+ a free man r ?an a slave4 ,he is no long] liable to p]sonal trespass ( any sort2 he has a "r ( self-control1 & all ! immunities enjoy$ by o!r classes ( 8 fell[ subjects--he is enabl$ to bett] 8 condition z he ?9ks prop]--he c make :at arrangem5ts he likes be/1 z reg>ds 8 k9dr$1 & all 8 dome/ic relations--he takes to 8 own use & beho(1 all ! wages & pr(its ( 8 own labor2 he receives money wages in/ead ( weekly all[ances1 & c pur*ase su* p>ticul> food & necess>ies z he pref]s--& s on6 ,,x ,,w\ld ,,be ,,endless ,,to ,,attempt ,,to ,,enum]ate ,,all ,,! ,,sup]ior ,,advantages ,,( ,a ,,/ate ,,( ,,fre$om ,,to ,,"o ,,( ,,slav]y6 ,! writ] says1 at ! close ( 8 invaluable lett]1 ,i 0 born 9 ,antigua1 & h resid$ "h ) little int]ruption s9ce #ahji4 ,s9ce #ahad1 ,i h tak5 an active conc]n 9 plantation affairs4 ,he 0 born heir to a l>ge slave prop]ty1 & reta9$ x up to ! h\r ( emancipation4 ,he is n[ ! proprietor ( an e/ate4 ,we h1 ano!r witness to introduce to ! read]1 ,ralph ,hig9bo?om1 ,esq41 ! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,consul6--,he> him6-- ,:atev] may h be5 ! dissatisfaction z reg>ds emancipation among ! plant]s at its comm5cem5t1 !re are few1 inde$1 if any1 :o are n n[ well satisfi$ t "u ! pres5t sy/em1 _! prop]ties are bett] work$1 & _! labor]s m cont5t$ & *e]ful1 ?an 9 ! "t ( slav]y4 ,9 ord] t ! read] may see ! revolution t has tak5 place s9ce emancipation 9 ! views ( ! highe/ class ( society 9 ,antigua1 we make a few extracts4 ,!re 0 ! mo/ viol5t opposition 9 ! legislature1 & ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 to ! anti-slav]y proce$+s 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,! anti-slav]y p>ty 9 ,engl& 7 dete/$ "h = _! fanatical & reckless c\rse4 ,su* 0 ! /ate ( feel+ previ\s to emancipation1 t x w\ld h be5 c]ta9 disgrace = any plant] to h av[$ ! lea/ sympa?y ) anti-slav]y s5tim5ts4 ,! humane might h _! hopes & aspirations1 & !y might secretly long to see slav]y ultimately t]m9at$2 b !y did n d>e to make su* feel+s public4 ,!y w\ld at once h be5 br&$ z ! enemies ( _! c\ntry6--,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t4 ,!re _c be said to h be5 any anti-slav]y p>ty 9 ! isl& be=e emancipation4 ,!re 7 "s individuals 9 ,/4 ,john's1 & a v few plant]s1 :o favor$ ! anti-slav]y views1 b !y d>$ n op5 _! m\?s1 because ( ! bitt] ho/ility :i* prevail$4--,s4 ,b\rne1 ,esq4 ,! op9ions ( ! cl]gym5 & mission>ies1 ) ! exception (1 ,i believe1 a few cl]gym51 7 favorable to emancipation2 b nei!r 9 _! conduct1 prea*+1 or pray]s1 did !y decl>e !mselves op5ly1 until ! measure ( abolition 0 det]m9$ on4 ,! mission>ies felt re/ra9$ by _! in/ructions f home1 & ! cl]gym5 ?\ght t x did n comport ) _! ord] 'to take "p 9 politics6' ,i nev] he>d ( a s+le plant] :o 0 favorable1 until ab\t ?ree mon?s be=e ! emancipation took place2 :5 "s few ( !m began to p]ceive t x w\ld be advantage\s to _! int]e/s4 ,:oev] 0 kn[n or suspect$ ( be+ an advocate = fre$om1 became ! object ( v5geance1 & 0 sure to suff]1 if 9 no o!r way1 by a loss ( "p ( 8 bus9ess4 ,my son-9-law,a1 my son,b1 & myself1 7 p]haps ! *ief m>ks = calumny & res5tm5t4 ,! fir/ 0 twice elect$ a memb] ( ! ,assembly1 & z (t5 put out by scrut9ies conduct$ by ! ,h\se1 9 ! mo/ flagrantly di%one/ mann]4 ,e attempt 0 made to deprive ! second ( 8 bus9ess1 z a lawy]4 ,) reg>d to myself1 ,i 0 ?r[n into prison1 )\t any semblance ( ju/ice1 )\t any =m ( trial1 b 9 ! mo/ summ>y mann]1 simply ^u ! compla9t ( "o ( ! ju/ices1 & )\t any opportunity be+ all[$ me ( say+ "o ^w 9 my def5ce4 ,i rema9$ 9 jail until dis*>g$ by a p]emptory ord] f ! ,colonial ,secret>y1 to :om ,i appeal$4--,james ,scotl&1 ,s541 ,esq4 ,footnote ,a3 ,dr4 ,f]guson1 physician 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,footnote ,b3 ,james ,scotl&1 ,jun41 ,esq41 b>ri/]1 proprietor1 & memb] ( ,assembly4 ,ano!r g5tleman1 a :ite man1 0 arre/$ on ! *>ge ( be+ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,engli% ,anti-,slav]y p>ty1 & 9 a mann] equally summ>y & illegal1 0 ca/ into prison1 & conf9$ !re = "o ye>4 ,f ! =ego+ /atem5ts we obta9 ! foll[+ comp>ative view ( ! pa/ & pres5t /ate ( s5tim5t 9 ,antigua4 ,views & conduct ( ! plant]s previ\s to emancipation3 #a/4 ,!y reg>d$ ! negroes z an inf]ior race1 fit only = slaves4 #b;d4 ,!y reg>d$ !m z _! rightful prop]ty4 #c;d4 ,!y took x = grant$ t negroes c\ld nev] be made to "w )\t ! use ( ! :ip2 h5ce1 #d?4 ,!y suppos$ t emancipation w\ld annihilate sug> cultivation2 &1 #e?4 ,t x w\ld lead to blood%$ & g5]al rebellion4 #f?4 ,^? !re=e :o favor$ x1 7 consid]$ ! enemies ( _! c\ntry--,,traitors--& 7 accord+ly p]secut$ 9 v>i\s ways1 n except+ imprisonm5t 9 ! common jail4 #g?4 ,s popul> 0 slav]y among ! high] classes1 t its morality or ju/ice c\ld n be que/ion$ by a mission>y--an editor--or a plant] ev51 )\t endang]+ ! safety ( ! individual4 #h?4 ,! anti-slav]y p 9 ,engl& 7 consid]$ dete/able m51 int]m$dl+ ) matt]s :i* !y did n und]/&1 & :i* at any rate did n conc]n !m4 ,!y 7 accus$ ( be+ influ5c$ by selfi% motives1 & ( design+ to fur!r _! own int]e/s by ! ru9 ( ! plant]s4 ,!y 7 d5\nc$ z fanatics1 inc5di>ies1 knaves1 religi\s en?usia/s4 #i? ,! abolition measures ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t 7 consid]$ a gross outrage on ! rights ( private prop]ty1 a violation _! multipli$ pl$ges ( c\nt5ance & support1 & a flagrant usurpation ( p[] ov] ! weak4 ,views & conduct ( ! plant]s subsequ5t to emancipation3 #a/4 ,! negroes are ret>d$ z m5--equals /&+ on ! same foot+ z fell[-citiz5s4 #b;d4 ,slav]y is consid]$ a fooli%1 impolitic1 & wick$ sy/em4 #c;d4 ,slaves are reg>d$ z an unsafe species ( prop]ty1 & to hold !m disgraceful4 #d?4 ,! plant]s h become ! decid$ enemies ( slav]y4 ,! wor/ ?+ !y c\ld say aga9/ ! appr5tice%ip1 01 t x 0 only ano!r "n = slav]y4 #e?4 ,! abolition ( slav]y is applaud$ by ! plant]s z "o ( ! mo/ noble & magnanim\s triumphs ev] a*iev$ by ! ,briti% gov]nm5t4 #f?4 ,di/+ui%$ abolitioni/s are spok5 ( 9 t]ms ( respect & admiration4 ,! ,engli% ,anti-slav]y ,delegation,a sp5t a =tnight 9 ! isl&1 & left x ! same day we arriv$4 ,:]ev] we w5t we he>d ( !m z ! respectable g5tlem5 f ,engl&1 ! wor?y & intellig5t memb]s ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 c4 ,a di/+ui%$ ag5t ( ! ,engli% anti-slav]y society n[ resides 9 ,/4 ,john's1 & keeps a book/ore1 well /ock$ ) anti-slav]y books & pamphlets4 ,! bu/ ( ,,george ,,?ompson /&s conspicu\sly ^u ! c\nt] ( ! book/ore1 look+ =? ^u ! public /reet4 ,footnote ,a3 ,messrs4 ,/urge & ,h>vey4 #g?4 ,! plant]s affirm t ! abolition ( slav]y put an end to all dang] f insurrection1 rebellion1 privy conspiracy1 & s$ition1 on ! "p ( ! slaves4 #h?4 ,emancipation is deem$ an incalculable bless+1 because x releas$ ! plant]s f an endless complication ( responsibilities1 p]plexities1 temptations & anxieties1 & because x emancipat$ !m f ! bondage ( ! :ip4 #i?4 ,slav]y--emancipation--fre$om--are ! univ]sal topics ( conv]sation 9 ,antigua4 ,anti-slav]y is ! popul> doctr9e among all classes4 ,he is consid]$ an enemy to 8 c\ntry :o opposes ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty4 ,! plant]s look ) a/oni%m5t on ! cont9uance ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & express _! /rong belief t x mu/ soon t]m9ate "h & ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,!y hail$ ! arrival ( ,fr5* & ,am]ican visitors on t\rs ( inquiry z a bright om54 ,9 publi%+ our arrival1 "o ( ! ,/4 ,john's pap]s rem>ks1 ,we reg>d ?is z a pleas+ indication t ! ,am]ican public h _! eyes turn$ ^u our exp]im5t1 ) a view1 we may hope1 ( ultimately foll[+ our excell5t example4 767 ,all classes %[$ ! same read9ess to aid u 9 :at ! ,gov]nor 0 pleas$ to call ! objects ( our philan?ropic mission4 ,su* are ! views n[ ent]ta9$ among ! plant]s ( ,antigua4 ,:at a complete *ange,b--& all 9 less ?an ?ree ye>s1 & effect$ by ! abolition ( slav]y & a trial ( fre$om6 ,mo/ c]ta9ly1 if ! =m] views ( ! ,antigua plant]s resemble ^? held by pro-slav]y m5 9 ?is c\ntry1 _! pres5t s5tim5ts are a fac simile ( ^? ent]ta9$ by ! imm$iate abolitioni/s4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! foll[+ little /ory w fur!r illu/rate ! wond]ful revolution :i* has tak5 place 9 ! public s5tim5t ( ?is colony4 ,! facts "h /at$ all occurr$ :ile we 7 9 ,antigua1 & we procur$ !m f a v>iety ( au!ntic s\rces4 ,!y 7 inde$ publicly kn[n & talk$ (1 & produc$ no little excitem5t ?r\gh\t ! isl&4 ,mr4 ,corbett 0 a respectable & intellig5t plant] resid+ on an e/ate ne> ,johnson's ,po9t4 ,sev]al mon?s previ\s to ! "t ( :i* we n[ speak1 a few color$ families 7emancipat$ negroes7 b\ght ( a :ite man "s small p>cels ( l& ly+ adjac5t to ,mr4 ,c4's e/ate4 ,!y plant$ _! l&s 9 provisions1 & also built !m h\ses !reon1 & mov$ into !m4 ,aft] !y _h become actively engag$ 9 cultivat+ _! provisions1 ,mr4 ,corbett laid claim to ! l&s1 & ord]$ ! negroes to leave !m =?)4 ,!y ( c\rse refus$ to d s4 ,mr4 ,c4 !n flew into a viol5t rage1 & /orm$ & swore1 & ?reat5$ to burn _! h\ses d[n ov] _! heads4 ,! t]rifi$ negroes =sook _! prop]ty & fl$4 ,mr4 ,c4 !n ord]$ 8 negroes to te> d[n _! huts & burn up ! mat]ials--:i* 0 accord+ly done4 ,he also turn$ 9 8 cattle ^u ! provision gr\nds1 & de/roy$ !m4 ,! negroes made a compla9t aga9/ ,mr4 ,c41 & he 0 arre/$ & committ$ to jail 9 ,/4 ,john's = trial on ! *>ge ( arson4 ,we he>d ( ?is circum/ance on ! day ( ,mr4 ,c4's commitm5t1 & we 7 told t x w\ld probably g v h>d ) him on 8 trial1 & t he w\ld be v =tunate if he escap$ ! gall[s or transportation4 ,a few days aft] ?is we 7 surpris$ to he> t ,mr4 ,c4 _h di$ 9 prison4 ,^u inquiry1 we le>n$ t he di$ lit]ally f rage & mortification4 ,8 case defi$ !1 skill & p[] ( ! physicians4 ,!y c\ld detect ! pres5ce ( no disease :atev]1 ev5 on a m9ute po/-mortem exam9ation4 ,!y pron\nc$ x z _! op9ion t he _h di$ f ! viol5ce ( 8 passions--excit$ by be+ imprison$1 toge!r ) 8 appreh5sions ( ! fatal issue ( ! trial4 ,n long be=e emancipation1 ,mr4 ,scotl& 0 imprison$ = befri5d+ ! negroes4 ,aft] emancipation1 ,mr4 ,corbett 0 imprison$ = wrong+ !m4 ,mr4 ,corbett 0 a respectable plant]1 ( good family & mov$ 9 ! fir/ circles 9 ! isl& ,,tw5ty-,,fir/ ,,proposition4--,emancipation has be5 foll[$ by a manife/ dim9ution ( prejudice aga9/ color1 & has op5$ ! prospect (f its spe$y extirpation4 ,"s ?irty ye>s ago1 ! presid5t ( ! isl&1 ,sir ,edw>d ,byam1 issu$ an ord] =bidd+ ! great bell 9 ! ca!dral ( ,/4 ,john's be+ toll$ at ! fun]al ( a color$ p]son2 & direct+ a small] bell to be hung up 9 ! same belfry1 & us$ on su* occasions4 ,= tw5ty ye>s ?is di/9ction 0 /rictly ma9ta9$4 ,:5 a :ite p]son1 h[ev] vile1 0 buri$1 ! great bell 0 toll$2 :5 a color$ p]son1 :atev] 8 moral wor?1 intellig5ce1 or /ation1 0 c>ri$ to 8 grave1 ! little bell 0 t9kl$4 ,x 0 n until ! arrival ( ! pres5t excell5t ,rector1 t ?is prejudice bell 0 sil5c$4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,cox in=m$ u t prejudice _h greatly decreas$ s9ce emancipation4 ,x 0 v common = :ite & color$ g5tlem5 to be se5 walk+ arm 9 arm an ! /reets ( ,/4 ,john's4 ,prejudice aga9/ color is fa/ disappe>+4 ,! color$ p h !mselves contribut$ to prolong ?is feel+1 by keep+ alo( f ! society ( ! :ites4--,james ,h[ell1 ( ,t4 ,j>vis's4 ,h[ utt]ly at v>iance is ?is ) ! commonly receiv$ op9ion1 t ! color$ p are dispos$ to ?ru/ !mselves into ! society ( ! :ites6 ,prejudice aga9/ color exi/s 9 ?is community only to a limit$ ext5t1 & t *iefly among ^? :o c\ld nev] br+ !mselves to believe t emancipation w\ld really take place4 ,policy dictates to !m ! propriety ( conf9+ any expression ( _! feel+s to ^? ( ! same op9ions4 ,no?+ is %[n ( ?is prejudice 9 _! int]c\rse ) ! color$ class--x is 'kept beh9d ! sc5es4'--,ralph ,higg9bo?am1 ,u4 ,s4 ,consul4 ,mr4 ,h4 0 n ! only individual /&+ 9 high places :o ins9uat$ t ! :ites t /ill ent]ta9$ prejudice 7 a%am$ ( x4 ,8 excell5cy ! ,gov]nor intimat$ z mu*1 by 8 repeat$ assurances = himself & 8 compe]s ( ! fir/ circles1 t !re 0 no su* feel+ 9 ! isl& z prejudice aga9/ color4 ,! reasons = exclud+ ! color$ p f _! society1 he said1 7 :olly diff]5t f t4 ,x 0 *iefly because ( _! illegitimacy1 & also because !y 7 n suffici5tly ref9$1 & because _! occupations 7 ( an inf]ior k9d1 su* z me*anical trades1 small %op keep+1 c4 ,said he1 ,y w\ld n wi% to ask y\r tailor1 or y\r %oemak]1 to d9e ) y8 ,h[ev]1 we 7 too unsophi/icat$ to co9cide 9 8 ,excell5cy's notions ( social propriety4 ,,tw5ty-,,second ,,proposition4--,! progress ( ! anti-slav]y discussions 9 ,engl& did n cause ! ma/]s to treat _! slaves worse1 b on ! contr>y re/ra9$ !m f outrage4 ,! treatm5t ( ! slaves dur+ ! discussions 9 ,engl&1 0 manife/ly mild] ?an be=e4--,dr4 ,daniell4 ,! effect ( ! proce$+s 9 p>liam5t 0 to make ! plant]s treat _! slaves bett]4 ,mild] laws 7 pass$ by ! assembly1 & ! g5]al condition ( ! slave 0 greatly ameliorat$4--,h4 ,arm/rong1 ,esq4 ,! plant]s did n increase ! rigor ( _! discipl9e because ( ! anti-slav]y discussions2 b z a g5]al ?+1 7 m l5i5t ?an =m]ly4--,s4 ,b\rne4 ,esq4 ,we pursu$ a mu* mild] policy t[>d our slaves aft] ! agitation began 9 ,engl&4--,mr4 ,jas4 ,hawoil4 ,! plant]s did n treat _! slaves worse on acc\nt ( ! discussions2 b 7 m l5i5t & circumspect4--,lett] ( ,hon4 ,n4 ,nug5t4 ,!re 0 f> less cruelty ex]cis$ by ! plant]s dur+ ! anti-slav]y excitem5t 9 gl&4 ,!y 7 always on _! gu>d to escape ! notice ( ! abolitioni/s4 ,!y did n wi% to h _! names publi%$ abroad1 & to be expos$ z mon/]s ( cruelty6--,david ,cran/\n1 ,esq4 ,we h n[ complet$ our obs]vations ^u ,antigua4 ,x has be5 our s+le object 9 ! =ego+ acc\nt to give an accurate /atem5t ( ! results ( ,,imm$iate ,,emancipation4 ,we h n tak5 a s+le /ep beyond ! limits ( te/imony1 & we are p]suad$ t te/imony mat]ially conflict+ ) ?is1 _c be procur$ f respectable s\rces 9 ,antigua4 ,we n[ leave x to our read]s to decide1 :e!r emancipation 9 ,antigua has be5 to all classes 9 t isl& a bless+ or a curse4 ,we _c pass f ?is "p ( our report )\t record+ ! k9dness & hospitality :i* we ev]y:]e exp]i5c$ dur+ our soj\rn 9 ,antigua4 ,:atev] may h be5 our appreh5sions ( a cool reception f a community ( ex-slavehold]s1 none ( our =ebod+s 7 realiz$4 ,x r>ely ,falls to ! lot ( /rang]s visit+ a di/ant l&1 ) none ( ! cont+5cies ( bir?1 =tune1 or fame1 to h]ald _! arrival1 & )\t ! impos+ circum/ance ( a popul> mission to recomm5d !m1 to meet ) a w>m] reception1 or to enjoy a m he>ty confid5ce1 ?an t ) :i* we 7 honor$ 9 ! int]e/+ isl& ( ,antigua4 ,! v object ( our visit1 humble1 & ev5 odi\s z x may appe> 9 ! eyes ( _m ( our own c\ntrym51 0 our passport to ! consid]ation & att5tion ( ! high] classes 9 t free colony4 ,we hold 9 grateful remembrance ! int]e/ :i* all--n except+ ^? mo/ deeply implicat$ 9 ! late sy/em ( slav]y--manife/$ 9 our inve/igations4 ,to 8 excell5cy ! ,gov]nor1 to (fic]s bo? civil & milit>y1 to legislators & judges1 to proprietors & plant]s1 to physicians1 b>ri/]s1 & m]*ants1 to cl]gym51 mission>ies1 & tea*]s1 we are indebt$ = _! uni=m read9ess 9 fur!r+ our objects1 & = ! mass ( in=mation ) :i* !y 7 pleas$ to furni% u4 ,to ! free color$ population1 also1 we are la/+ debtors = _! he>ty co-op]ation & assi/ance4 ,to ! emancipat$1 we recognise our obligations z ! fri5ds ( ! slave1 = _! simple-he>t$ & reit]at$ assurances t !y %\ld rememb] ! oppress$ ( our l& 9 _! pray]s to ,god4 ,9 ! "n ( ! multiply+ ho/s ( fre$om's fri5ds1 & 9 behalf ( ! millions ( spee*less b grateful-he>t$ slaves1 we r5d] to our acqua9tances ( e class 9 ,antigua our w>me/ ?anks = _! cordial sympa?y ) ! cause ( emancipation 9 ,am]ica4 ,we left ,antigua ) regret4 ,! natural advantages ( t lovely isl&2 its climate1 situation1 & sc5]y2 ! intellig5ce & hospitality ( ! high] ord]s1 & ! simplicity & sobriety ( ! poor2 ! preval5ce ( education1 morality1 & religion2 its solemn ,sabba?s & ?rong$ sanctu>ies2 & above all1 its ris+ in/itutions ( lib]ty--fl\ri%+ s vigor\sly1--conspire to make ,antigua "o ( ! faire/ portions ( ! e>?4 ,=m]ly x 0 9 our eyes b a speck on ! _w's map1 & little _h we *eck$ if an e>?quake _h sunk1 or ! ocean _h ov]:elm$ x2 b n[1 ! m9ute circum/ances 9 its condition1 or little incid5ts 9 its hi/ory1 are to our m9ds inve/$ ) grave int]e/4 ,none1 :o are alive to ! cause ( religi\s fre$om 9 ! _w1 c be indiff]5t to ! movem5ts & de/9y ( ?is little colony4 ,h5ce=?1 ,antigua is ! morn+ /> ( our nation1 & ?\gh x glimm]s fa9tly ?r\gh a lurid sky1 yet we hail x1 & cat* at e ray z ! tok5 ( a bright sun :i* may yet bur/ glori\sly ^u u4 ,,b>badoes ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,passage ,b>badoes 0 ! next isl& :i* we visit$4 ,hav+ fail$ ( a passage 9 ! /eam]1,a 7on acc\nt ( h] leav+ ,antigua on ! ,sabba?17 we 7 r$uc$ to ! necessity ( sail+ 9 a small s*oon]1 a vessel ( only sev5te5 tons bur!n1 ) no cab9 b a m]e hole1 sc>cely l>ge en\gh to receive our baggage4 ,! b]?s1 = !re 7 two1 _h b "o mattress betwe5 !m2 h[ev]1 a =esail fold$ made up ! complem5t4 ,footnote ,a3 ,!re are sev]al ,engli% /eam]s :i* ply betwe5 ,b>badoes & ,jamaica1 t\*+ at sev]al ( ! int]m$iate & surr\nd+ isl&s1 & c>ry+ ! mails4 ,! be+ = ! mo/ "p directly aga9/ u1 we 7 sev5 days 9 rea*+ ,b>badoes4 ,our av]sion to ! sepul*re-l cab9 oblig$ u to sp5d1 n ! days only1 b ! nights mo/ly on ! op5 deck4 ,wrapp+ our cloaks ab\t u1 & draw+ our fur caps ov] our faces1 we slept securely 9 ! s(t air ( a tropical clime1 undi/urb$ save by ! ho>se voice ( ! black capta9 cry+ ready1 b\t & ! flapp+ ( ! sails1 & ! creak+ ( ! cordage1 9 ! frequ5t tack+s ( our /aun* little sea-boat4 ,on our way we pass$ "u ! lee ( ,guadal\pe & to ! w9dw>d ( ,dom9ica1 ,m>t9ique & ,/4 ,lucia4 ,9 pass+ ,guadal\pe1 we 7 oblig$ to keep at a league's di/ance f ! l&1 9 ob$i5ce to an express regulation ( t colony prohibit+ small ,engli% vessels f approa*+ any ne>]4 ,?is is a precaution>y measure aga9/ ! escape ( slaves to ! ,engli% isl&s4 ,num]\s small vessels1 call$ gu>da co/as1 are /ation$ ar\nd ! coa/ to w>n (f vessels & seize ^u all slaves attempt+ to make _! escape4 ,we 7 in=m$ t ! eag]ness ( ! ,fr5* negroes to ta/e ! sweets ( lib]ty1 :i* !y he> to exi/ 9 ! surr\nd+ ,engli% isl&s1 is s great1 t not)/&+ all ! vigilance by l& & sea1 !y are escap+ 9 va/ numb]s4 ,!y /eal to ! %ores by night1 & seiz+ ^u any sort ( vessel )9 _! rea*1 laun* =? & make = ,dom9ica1 ,monts]rat1 or ,antigua4 ,!y h be5 kn[n to v5ture out 9 skiffs1 canoes1 & su* l haz>d\s conveyances1 & make a voyage ( fifty or sixty miles2 & x is n )\t reason suppos$1 t v _m h be5 lo/ 9 ^! eag] d>+s = fre$om4 ,su* is _! defiance ( dang]s :5 lib]ty is to be won1 t old ocean1 ) its wild /orms1 & fi]ce mon/]s1 & its yawn+ deep1 & ev5 ! sup]add$ t]rors ( arm$ vessels ev] hov]+ ar\nd ! isl&1 are b>ri]s altoge!r ineffectual to prev5t escape4 ,! we/]n side ( ,guadal\pe1 along :i* we pass$1 is hilly & little cultivat$4 ,x is mo/ly occupi$ 9 pa/urage4 ,! sug> e/ates are on ! opposite side ( ! isl&1 :i* /ret*es out ea/w>d 9 a l[ slop+ c\ntry1 beautifully situat$ = sug> cultivation4 ,! hills 7 cov]$ ) trees1 ) "h & !re small pat*es ( cultivat$ gr\nds :]e ! negroes raise provisions4 ,a deep ri* v]dure cov]$ all t portion ( ! isl& :i* we saw4 ,we 7 a day & night 9 pass+ ! long isl& ( ,guadal\pe4 ,ano!r day & night 7 sp5t 9 beat+ ?r\gh ! *annel betwe5 ,gaudal\pe & ,dom9ica3 ano!r day 9 pass+ ! latt] isl&1 & !n we /ood or ,m>t9ique4 ,?is is ! que5 isl& ( ! ,fr5* ,we/ ,indies4 ,x is f]tile & heal?ful1 & ?\gh n s l>ge z ,guadal\pe1 produces a l>g] rev5ue4 ,x has l>ge /reams ( wat]1 & _m ( ! sug> mills are work$ by !m4 ,m>t9ique & ,dom9ica are bo? v m\nta9\s4 ,_! highe/ peaks are con/antly cov]$ ) cl\ds1 :i* 9 _! v>i$ sift+s1 n[ :eel+ ar\nd1 !n ris+ or fall+1 give ! hills ! appe>ance ( smok+ volcanoes4 ,x 0 n until ! eigh? day ( ! voyage1 t we l&$ at ,b>badoes4 ,! passage f ,b>badoes to ,antigua seldom occupies m ?an ?ree days1 ! w9d be+ mo/ly 9 t direction4 ,9 approa*+ ,b>badoes1 x pres5t$ an entirely diff]5ce appe>ance f t ( ! isl&s we _h pass$ on ! way4 ,x is l[ & level1 almo/ :olly de/itute ( trees4 ,z we drew ne>] we discov]$ 9 e direction ! m>ks ( its extraord9>y cultivation4 ,! cane fields & provision gr\nds 9 alt]nate pat*es cov] ! isl& ) "o cont9u\s mantle ( gre54 ,! mansions ( ! plant]s1 & ! clu/]s ( negro h\ses1 appe> at %ore int]vals dott+ ! face ( ! isl&1 & giv+ to x ! appe>ance ( a va/ village int]sp]s$ ) v]dant g>d5s4 ,we r\nd$ up 9 ! bay1 (f ,bridget[n1 ! pr9cipal place 9 ,b>badoes1 :]e we und]w5t a se>*+ exam9ation by ! heal? (fic]2 :o1 aft] "s demurr+1 conclud$ t we might pass mu/]4 ,we took lodg+s 9 ,bridget[n ) ,mrs4 ,m41 a color$ lady4 ,! h\ses are mo/ly built ( brick or /one1 or wood pla/]$4 ,!y are seldom m ?an two /ories high1 ) flat ro(s1 & huge w9d[ %utt]s & doors--! /ructures ( a hurricane c\ntry4 ,! /reets are n>r[ & crook$1 & =m$ ( :ite m>le1 :i* reflects ! sun ) a brilliancy half bl9d+ to ! eyes4 ,mo/ ( ! build+s are occupi$ z /ores bel[ & dwell+ h\ses above1 ) piazzas to ! upp] /ory1 :i* jut ov] ! n>r[ /reets1 & af=d a %ade = ! side walks4 ,! population ( ,bridget[n is ab\t #cj1jjj4 ,! population ( ! isl& is ab\t #adj1jjj1 ( :om ne>ly #ij1jjj are appr5tices1 ! rema9d] are free color$ & :ite 9 ! proportion ( #cj1jjj free color$ & #bj1jjj :ites4 ,! l>ge population exi/s on an isl& n m ?an tw5ty miles long1 by fifte5 broad4 ,! :ole isl& is "u ! mo/ vigor\s & sy/ematic culture4 ,!re is sc>cely a foot ( productive l& t is n br\ght into requisition4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z a =e/ ( any ext5t 9 ! isl&4 ,x is ?us t1 not)/&+ ! insignificance ( its size1 ,b>badoes ranks among ! ,briti% isl&s next to ,jamaica 9 value & importance4 ,x 0 on acc\nt ( its conspicu\s /&+ among ! ,engli% colonies1 t we 7 induc$ to visit x1 & !re inve/igate ! op]ations ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em4 ,our pr9cipal object 9 ! foll[+ tales is to give an acc\nt ( ! work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em1 & to pres5t x 9 contra/ ) t ( entire fre$om1 :i* has be5 describ$ m9utely 9 our acc\nt ( ,antigua4 ,! appr5tice%ip 0 design$ z a sort ( prep>ation = fre$om4 ,a /atem5t ( its results w1 !re=e1 af=d no small data = decid+ ^u ! g5]al pr9ciple ( gradualism6 ,we %all pursue a plan less labor$ & prolix ?an t :i* x seem$ necess>y to adopt 9 treat+ ( ,antigua4 ,z t "p ( ! te/imony :i* respects ! abolition ( slav]y1 & ! s5tim5ts ( ! plant]s is sub/antially ! same ) :at is record$ 9 ! =ego+ pages1 we %all be cont5t ) pres5t+ x 9 ! sket* ( our travels ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 & our int]views ) v>i\s classes ( m54 ,! te/imony respect+ ! nature & op]ations ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em1 w be embodi$ 9 a m regul> =m4 ,,visit ,,to ,,! ,,gov]nor4 ,at an e>ly day aft] our arrival we call$ on ! ,gov]nor1 9 pursuance ( ! etiquette ( ! isl&1 & 9 ord] to obta9 ! assi/ance ( 8 ,excell5cy 9 our inquiries4 ,! pres5t ,gov]nor is ,sir ,evan ,john ,murray ,mc,gregor1 a ,scot*man ( ,iri% reputation4 ,he is ! pres5t *iefta9 ( ! ,mc,gregor clan1 :i* figures s illu/ri\sly 9 ! hi/ory ( ,scotl&4 ,sir ,evan has be5 di/+ui%$ = 8 victory 9 w>1 & he n[ be>s ! title ( ,knight1 = 8 a*ievem5ts 9 ! ,briti% s]vice4 ,he is ,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ! w9dw>d isl&s1 :i* include ,b>badoes1 ,gr5ada1 ,/4 ,v9c5t's1 & ,tobago4 ,! gov]nm5t h\se1 at :i* he resides1 is ab\t two miles f t[n4 ,! road lead+ to x is a delightful "o1 l9$ ) cane fields1 & pa/ure gr\nds1 all v]dant ) ! luxuriance ( midsumm]4 ,x passes by ! ca!dral1 ! k+'s h\se1 ! noble resid5ce ( ! ,ar*deacon1 & _m o!r f9e mansions4 ,! gov]nm5t h\se is situat$ 9 a pleasant em95ce1 & surr\nd$ ) a l>ge g>d51 p>k1 & entrance y>d4 ,at ! l>ge out] gate1 :i* gives admittance to ! av5ue lead+ to ! h\se1 /ood a black s5t9el 9 8 milit>y dress1 & ) a gun on 8 %\ld]1 pac+ to & fro4 ,at ! door ( ! h\se we f\nd ano!r black soldi] on gu>d4 ,we 7 u%]$ into ! d9+ hall1 :i* seems to s]ve z ante-*amb] :5 n o!rwise us$4 ,x is a spaci\s airy room1 ov]hung ) *&eli]s & lamps 9 pr(usion1 & be>s ! m>ks ( _m sc5es ( mir? & wassail4 ,! ea/]n w9d[s1 :i* ext5d f ! ceil+ to ! floor1 look out ^u a g>d5 fill$ ) %rubs & fl[]s1 among :i* we recognis$ a r>e v>iety ( ! floral family 9 full bloom4 ,e ?+ ar\nd--! ext5t ( ! build+s1 ! g>d51 ! p>k1 ) de] br[s+ amid ! tangl$ %rubb]y--all bespoke ! old ,engli% /yle & dignity4 ,aft] wait+ a few m9utes1 we 7 introduc$ to 8 ,excell5cy1 :o receiv$ u v k9dly4 ,he conv]s$ freely on ! subject ( emancipation1 & gave 8 op9ion decid$ly 9 favor ( unconditional fre$om4 ,he has be5 9 ! ,we/ ,indies five ye>s1 & resid$ at ,antigua & ,dom9ica be=e he receiv$ 8 pres5t appo9tm5t2 he has visit$ sev]al o!r isl&s besides4 ,9 no isl& t he has visit$ h affairs gone on s quietly & satisfactorily to all p>ties z 9 ,antigua4 ,he rem>k$ t he 0 ignorant ( ! "* ( ! black population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b f :at he knew ( _! "* 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 he c\ld n avoid ! conclusion t imm$iate emancipation 0 entirely safe4 ,he express$ 8 views ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em ) great fre$om4 ,he said x 0 vexati\s to all p>ties4 ,he rem>k$ t he 0 s well satisfi$ t emancipation 0 safe & prop]1 & t unconditional fre$om 0 bett] ?an appr5tice%ip1 t _h he ! p[]1 he w\ld emancipate e appr5tice to-morr[4 ,x w\ld be bett] bo? = ! plant] & ! labor]4 ,he ?\ght ! negroes 9 ,b>badoes1 & 9 ! w9dw>d isl&s g5]ally1 n[ z well prep>$ = fre$om z ! slaves ( ,antigua4 ,! ,gov]nor is a dignifi$ b pla9 man1 ( s\nd s5se & judgem5t1 & ( rem>kable lib]ality4 ,he promis$ to give u e assi/ance1 & said1 z we arose to leave him1 t he w\ld m5tion ! object ( our visit to a numb] ( influ5tial g5tlem51 & t we %\ld %ortly he> f him aga94 ,a few days aft] our visit to ! ,gov]nor's1 we call$ on ! ,rev4 ,edw>d ,elliott1 ! ,ar*deacon at ,b>badoes1 to :om we _h be5 previ\sly introduc$ at ! h\se ( a fri5d 9 ,bridget[n4 ,he is a lib]al-m9d$ man4 ,9 #ahab1 he deliv]$ a s]ies ( lectures 9 ! ca!dral on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,! plant]s became al>m$--decl>$ t su* disc\rses w\ld lead to insurrection1 & dem&$ t !y %\ld lie ab&on$4 ,he receiv$ anonym\s lett]s ?reat5+ him ) viol5ce unless he discont9u$ !m4 ,no?+ daunt$1 h[ev]1 he w5t ?r\gh ! c\rse1 & aft]w>ds publi%$ ! lectures 9 a volume4 ,! ,ar*deacon in=m$ u t ! numb] ( *ur*es & cl]gym5 _h increas$ s9ce emancipation2 religi\s meet+s 7 m fully att5d$1 & ! in/ructions giv5 _h manife/ly a great] influ5ce4 ,increas$ att5tion 0 paid to education also4 ,be=e emancipation ! plant]s oppos$ education1 & z f> z possible1 prev5t$ ! tea*]s f com+ to ! e/ates4 ,n[ !y enc\rag$ x 9 _m in/ances1 & :]e !y d n directly enc\rage1 !y make no opposition4 ,he said t ! numb] ( m>riages _h v mu* increas$ s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,he _h resid$ 9 ,b>bados = twelve ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t he _h repeat$ly visit$ _m ( ! neighbor+ isl&s4 ,he ?\ght ! negroes ( ,b>badoes 7 z well prep>$ = fre$om 9 #ahcd1 z ^? ( ,antigua1 & t !re w\ld h be5 no bad results _h entire emancipation be5 grant$ at t "t4 ,he did n ?9k !re 0 ! lea/ dang] ( insurrection4 ,on ?is subject he spoke ! s5tim5ts ( ! inhabitants g5]ally4 ,he did n suppose !re 7 five plant]s on ! isl&1 :o ent]ta9$ any fe>s on ?is score n[4 ,on "o o!r po9t ! ,ar*deacon express$ himself sub/antially ?us3 ,! plant]s und\bt$ly treat$ _! slaves bett] dur+ ! anti-slav]y discussions 9 ,engl&4 ,! condition ( ! slaves 0 v mu* mitigat$ by ! ef=ts :i* 7 made = _! entire fre$om4 ,! plant]s s(t5$ d[n1 ! sy/em ( slav]y z mu* z possible4 ,!y 7 exce$+ly anxi\s to put a /op to discussion & inve/igation4 ,hav+ obta9$ a lett] ( introduction f an ,am]ican m]*ant "h to a plant] resid+ ab\t f\r miles f t[n1 we drove out to 8 e/ate4 ,8 mansion is pleasantly situat$ on a small em95ce1 9 "o ( ! coole/ & mo/ invit+ retreats :i* is to be se5 9 ?is clime1 & we 7 receiv$ by its ma/] ) all ! cordiality & frankness = :i* ,b>bados is fam$4 ,he introduc$ u to 8 family1 consi/+ ( ?ree daught]s & two sons1 & invit$ u to /op to d9n]4 ,"o ( 8 daught]s1 n[ "h on a visit1 is m>ri$ to an ,am]ican1 a native ( ,new ,york1 b n[ a m]*ant 9 "o ( ! s\!rn /ates1 & our connection z fell[ c\ntrym5 ) "o de> to !m1 0 an additional claim to _! k9dness & hospitality4 ,he conduct$ u ?r\gh all ! works & out-build+s1 ! mill1 boil+-h\se1 c>+-h\se1 hospital1 /ore-h\ses1 c4 ,! p 7 at "w 9 ! mill & boil+-h\se1 & z we pass$1 b[$ & bade u good morn9'1 massa1 ) ! utmo/ respect & *e]fulness4 ,a :ite ov]se] 0 regulat+ ! "w1 b want$ ! insignia ( slavehold+ au?ority1 :i* he _h borne = _m ye>s1 ! :ip4 ,z we came out1 we saw 9 a neighbor+ field a gang ( sev5ty appr5tices1 ( bo? sexes1 engag$ 9 cutt+ up ! cane1 :ile o!rs 7 ?r[+ x into c>ts to be c>ri$ to ! mill4 ,!y 7 all z quietly & indu/ri\sly at "w z any body ( our own f>m]s or me*anics4 ,z we 7 look+ at !m1 ,mr4 ,c41 ! plant]1 rem>k$1 ^? p give me m "w ?an :5 slaves4 ,?is e/ate 0 nev] "u s good cultivation z at ! pres5t "t4 ,he took u to ! build+ us$ z ! me*anics' %op4 ,sev]al ( ! appr5tices 7 at "w 9 x1 "s sett+ up ! casks = sug>1 o!rs repair+ ut5sils4 ,mr4 ,c4 says all ! "w ( ! e/ate is done by ! appr5tices4 ,8 c>ts are made1 8 mill kept 9 ord]1 8 coop]+ & blacksmi?+ are all done by !m4 ,all ^! build+s1 said he1 ev5 to ! dwell+-h\se1 7 built aft] ! great /orm ( #ahca1 by ! slaves4 ,z we 7 pass+ ?r\gh ! hospital1 or sick-h\se1 z x is call$ by ! blacks1 ,mr4 ,c4 told u he _h v little use = x n[4 ,!re is no skulk+ to x z !re 0 "u ! old sy/em4 ,j z we 7 ent]+ ! door ( ! h\se1 on our return1 !re 0 an outcry among a small p>ty ( ! appr5tices :o 7 work+ ne> by4 ,mr4 ,c4 w5t to !m & inquir$ ! cause4 ,x appe>$ t ! ov]se] _h /ruck "o ( ! lads ) a /ick4 ,mr4 ,c4 reprov$ him sev]ely = ! act1 & assur$ him if he did su* a ?+ aga9 he w\ld take him be=e a magi/rate4 ,dur+ ! day we ga!r$ ! foll[+ in=mation3-- ,mr4 ,c4 _h be5 a plant] = ?irty-six ye>s4 ,he has _h *>ge ( ! e/ate on :i* he n[ resides t5 ye>s4 ,he is ! attorney = two o!r l>ge e/ates a few miles f ?is1 & has "u 8 sup]9t5d5ce1 9 all1 m ?an a ?\s& appr5tic$ labor]s4 ,?is e/ate consi/s ( six hundr$ & sixty-six acres ( l&1 mo/ ( :i* is "u cultivation ei!r 9 cane or provisions1 & has on x ?ree hundr$ appr5tices & n9ety-two free *ildr54 ,! av]age am\nt ( sug> rais$ on x is two hundr$ hog%eads ( a ton ea*1 b ?is ye> x w am\nt to at lea/ two hundr$ & fifty hog%eads--! l>ge/ crop ev] tak5 (f s9ce he has be5 connect$ ) x4 ,he has plant$ ?irty acres additional ?is ye>4 ,! isl& has nev] be5 "u s good cultivation1 & is becom+ bett] e ye>4 ,dur+ our walk r\nd ! works1 & dur+ ! day1 he spoke sev]al times 9 g5]al t]ms ( ! great bless+s ( emancipation4 ,emancipation is z great a bless+ to ! ma/] z to ! slave4 ,:y1 exclaim$ ,mr4 ,c41 x 0 emancipation to me4 ,i assure y ! fir/ ( ,augu/ br\ght a great1 great relief to me4 ,i felt myself1 = ! fir/ "t1 a freeman on t day4 ,y _c imag9e ! responsibilities & anxieties :i* 7 swept away ) ! ext9ction ( slav]y4 ,!re 7 _m unpleasant & annoy+ circum/ances att5d+ slav]y1 :i* _h a mo/ p]nici\s effect on ! ma/]4 ,!re 0 cont9ual jeal\sy & suspicion betwe5 him & ^? "u him4 ,!y look$ on ea* o!r z sworn enemies1 & !re 0 kept up a cont9ual sy/em ( plott+ & c\nt]plott+4 ,!n !re 0 ! flogg+1 :i* 0 a matt] ( c\rse ?r\gh ! isl&4 ,to /rike a slave 0 z common z to /rike a horse--!n ! puni%m5ts 7 inflict$ s unju/ly1 9 innum]able in/ances1 t ! poor victims knew no m :y !y 7 puni%$ ?an ! dead 9 _! graves4 ,! ma/] w\ld be a little ill--he _h tak5 a cold1 p]haps1 & felt irritable--some?+ 7 wrong--8 passion 0 up1 & away w5t "s poor fell[ to ! :ipp+ po/4 ,! slighte/ (f5ce at su* a mom5t1 ?\gh x might h pass$ unnotic$ at ano!r "t1 w\ld meet ) ! sev]e/ puni%m5t4 ,he said he himself _h m ?an once ord]$ 8 slaves to be flogg$ 9 a passion1 & aft] he became cool he w\ld h giv5 gu9eas n to h done x4 ,_m a night _h he be5 kept awake 9 ?9k+ ( "s poor fell[ :om he _h %ut up 9 ! dungeon1 & _h rejoic$ :5 daylight came4 ,he fe>$ le/ ! slave might die be=e morn+2 ei!r cut 8 ?roat or da% 8 head aga9/ ! wall 9 8 desp]ation4 ,he has kn[n su* cases to occur4 ,! appr5tice%ip w n h s b5eficial an effect z he hop$ x w\ld1 on acc\nt ( an indisposition on ! "p ( _m ( ! plant]s to abide by its regulations4 ,! plant]s g5]ally are do+ v little to prep>e ! appr5tices = fre$om2 b "s are do+ v mu* to unprep>e !m4 ,!y are driv+ ! p f !m by _! conduct4 ,mr4 ,c4 said he (t5 wi%$ = emancipation4 ,!re 7 sev]al o!r plant]s among 8 acqua9tance :o _h ! same feel+s1 b did n d>e express !m4 ,mo/ ( ! plant]s1 h[ev]1 7 viol5tly oppos$4 ,_m ( !m decl>$ t emancipation c\ld n & %\ld n take place4 ,s ob/9ate 7 !y1 t !y w\ld h sworn on ! #ca/ ( ,july1 #ahca1 t emancipation c\ld n happ54 ,^! v m5 n[ see & ackn[l$ge ! b5efits :i* h result$ f ! new sy/em4 ,! fir/ ( ,augu/ pass$ (f v quietly4 ,! p labor$ on t day z usual1 & _h a /rang] gone ov] ! isl&1 he w\ld n h suspect$ any *ange _h tak5 place4 ,mr4 ,c4 did n expect 8 p w\ld g to "w t day4 ,he told !m :at ! conditions ( ! new sy/em 71 & t aft] ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 !y w\ld be requir$ to turn out to "w at six o'clock in/ead ( five o'clock z be=e4 ,at ! appo9t$ h\r e man 0 at 8 po/ 9 ! field4 ,n "o individual 0 miss+4 ,! appr5tices d m "w 9 ! n9e h\rs requir$ by law1 ?an 9 twelve h\rs dur+ slav]y4 ,8 appr5tices are p]fectly will+ to "w = him dur+ _! own "t4 ,he pays !m at ! rate ( tw5ty-five c5ts a day4 ,! p are less qu>relsome ?an :5 !y 7 slaves4 ,ab\t eight o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 ,mr4 ,c4 invit$ u to /ep out into ! piazza4 ,po9t+ to ! h\ses ( ! labor]s1 :i* 7 cr[d$ ?ickly toge!r1 & almo/ conceal$ by ! cocoa-nut & calaba% trees ar\nd !m1 he said1 !re are probably m ?an f\r hundr$ p 9 t village4 ,all my own labor]s1 ) _! free *ildr51 are retir$ = ! night1 & ) !m are _m f ! neighbor+ e/ates4 ,we li/5$1 b all 0 /ill1 save "h & !re a l[ :i/le f "s ( ! wat*m54 ,he said t night 0 a specim5 ( e night n[4 ,b x _h n always be5 s4 ,dur+ slav]y ^! villages 7 (t5times a sc5e ( bick]+1 revelry1 & cont5tion4 ,"o might he> ! inmates revel+ & %\t+ till midnight4 ,sometimes x w\ld be kept up till morn+4 ,su* sc5es h mu* decreas$1 & in/ead ( ! obsc5e & hea!n songs :i* !y us$ to s+1 !y are le>n+ hymns f ! lips ( _! *ildr54 ,! appr5tices are m tru/y4 ,!y are m fai?ful 9 "w :i* is giv5 !m to d4 ,!y take m int]e/ 9 ! prosp]ity ( ! e/ate g5]ally1 9 see+ t ?+s are kept 9 ord]1 & t ! prop]ty is n de/roy$4 ,!y are m op5-he>t$4 ,=m]ly !y us$ to %r9k be=e ! eyes ( ! ma/]1 & appe> afraid to meet him4 ,!y w\ld g out ( _! way to avoid him1 & nev] 7 will+ to talk ) him4 ,!y nev] lik$ to h him visit _! h\ses2 !y look$ on him z a spy1 & always expect$ a reprim&1 or p]haps a flogg+4 ,n[ !y look up *e]fully :5 !y meet him1 & a visit to _! homes is e/eem$ a favor4 ,mr4 ,c4 has m confid5ce 9 8 p ?an he ev] _h be=e4 ,!re is less !ft ?an dur+ slav]y4 ,?is is caus$ by great] respect = "*1 & ! protection af=d$ to prop]ty by law4 ,= a slave to /eal f 8 ma/] 0 nev] consid]$ wrong1 b r a m]itori\s act4 ,he :o c\ld rob ! mo/ )\t be+ detect$ 0 ! be/ fell[4 ,! blacks 9 sev]al ( ! isl&s h a prov]b1 t = a ?ief to /eal f a ?ief makes ,god laugh4 ,! blacks h a great respect =1 & ev5 fe> ( law4 ,mr4 ,c4 believes no p on e>? are m influ5c$ by x4 ,!y reg>d ! same puni%m5t1 inflict$ by a magi/rate1 mu* m ?an :5 inflict$ by _! ma/]4 ,law is a k9d ( deity to !m1 & !y reg>d x ) great rev]5ce & awe4 ,!re is no insecurity n[4 ,be=e emancipation !re 0 a cont9ual fe> ( insurrection4 ,mr4 ,c4 said he _h la9 d[n 9 b$ _m a night fe>+ t 8 ?roat w\ld be cut be=e morn+4 ,he has />t$ up (t5 f a dream 9 :i* he ?\ght 8 room 0 fill$ ) arm$ slaves4 ,b :5 ! abolition bill pass$1 8 fe>s all pass$ away4 ,he felt assur$ !re w\ld be no tr\ble !n4 ,! motive to insurrection 0 tak5 away4 ,z = ! cutt+ ( ?roats1 or insult & viol5ce 9 any way1 he nev] suspects x4 ,he nev] ?9ks ( fa/5+ 8 door at night n[4 ,z we 7 retir+ to b$ he look$ r\nd ! room 9 :i* we _h be5 sitt+1 :]e e ?+ spoke ( s]5ity & confid5ce--doors & w9d[s op51 & books & plate scatt]$ ab\t on ! tables & sidebo>ds4 ,y see ?+s n[1 he said1 j z we leave !m e night1 b y w\ld h se5 q a diff]5t sc5e _h y come "h a few ye>s ago4 ,mr4 ,c4 ?9ks ! slaves ( ,b>badoes might h be5 entirely & imm$iately emancipat$ z well z ^? ( ,antigua4 ,! results1 he d\bts n1 w\ld h be5 ! same4 ,he has no fe> ( di/urbance or insubord9ation 9 #ahdj4 ,he has no d\bt t ! p w "w4 ,t !re may be a little unsettl$1 excit$1 exp]im5t+ feel+ = a %ort "t1 he ?9ks probable--b feels confid5t t ?+s g5]ally w move on peaceably & prosp]\sly4 ,he looks ) mu* m anxiety to ! emancipation ( ! non-pra$ials 9 #ahch4 ,!re is no disposition among ! appr5tices to rev5ge _! wrongs4 ,mr4 ,c4 feels ! utmo/ security bo? ( p]son & prop]ty4 ,! slaves 7 v mu* excit$ by ! discussions 9 ,engl&4 ,!y 7 well acqua9t$1 ) !m1 & look$ & long$ = ! result4 ,!y wat*$ e arrival ( ! packet ) great anxiety4 ,! p on 8 e/ate (t5 knew its arrival be=e he did4 ,"o ( 8 daught]s rem>k$1 t %e c\ld see _! hopes fla%+ f _! eyes4 ,!y manife/$1 h[ev]1 no disposition to rebel1 wait+ 9 anxi\s b quiet hope = _! release4 ,yet ,mr4 ,c4 _h no d\bt1 t if p>liam5t _h ?r[n out ! emancipation bill1 & all measures _h ceas$ = _! relief1 !re w\ld h be5 a g5]al insurrection4--,:ile !re 0 hope !y rema9$ peaceable1 b _h hope be5 de/roy$ x w\ld h be5 buri$ 9 blood4 ,!re 0 "s dissatisfaction among ! blacks ) ! appr5tice%ip4 ,!y ?\ght !y ought to be entirely free1 & t _! ma/]s 7 deceiv+ !m4 ,!y c\ld n at fir/ und]/& ! conditions ( ! new sy/em--!re 0 "s murmur+ among !m1 b !y ?\ght x bett]1 h[ev]1 to wait six ye>s = ! boon1 ?an to run ! risk ( los+ x altoge!r by revolt4 ,! exp5ses ( ! appr5tice%ip are ab\t ! same z dur+ slav]y4 ,b "u ! free sy/em1 ,mr4 ,c4 has no d\bt !y w be mu* less4 ,he has made a calculation ( ! exp5ses ( cultivat+ ! e/ate on :i* he resides = "o ye> dur+ slav]y1 & :at !y w probably be = "o ye> "u ! free sy/em4 ,he f9ds ! latt] are less by ab\t #c1jjj4 ,real e/ate has increas$ 9 value m ?an ?irty p] r5t4 ,!re is great] confid5ce 9 ! security ( prop]ty4 ,in/ances 7 relat$ to u ( e/ates t c\ld n be sold at any price be=e emancipation1 t )9 ! la/ two ye>s h be5 dispos$ ( at great prices4 ,! compla9ts to ! magi/rates1 on ! "p ( ! plant]s1 7 v num]\s at fir/1 b h greatly dim9i%$4 ,!y are ( ! mo/ trivial & ev5 ludicr\s "*4 ,"o ( ! magi/rates says ! great] "p ( ! cases t come be=e him are f old wom5 :o _c get _! c(fee e>ly en\gh 9 ! morn+6 & = (f5ces ( equal importance4 ,prejudice has mu* dim9i%$ s9ce emancipation4 ,! discussions 9 ,engl& prior to t p]iod _h done mu* to s(t5 x d[n1 b ! abolition ( slav]y has giv5 x its dea? bl[4 ,su* is a rapid sket* ( ! v>i\s topics t\*$ ^u dur+ our int]view ) ,mr4 ,c4 & 8 family4 ,be=e we left ! hospitable mansion ( ,le>'s1 we _h ! pleasure ( meet+ a company ( g5tlem5 at d9n]4 ,) ! exception ( "o1 :o 0 provo/-m>%al1 !y 7 m]*ants ( ,bridget[n4 ,^! g5tlem5 express$ _! full concurr5ce 9 ! /atem5ts ( ,mr4 ,c41 & gave additional te/imony equally valuable4 ,mr4 ,w41 ! provo/-m>%al1 /at$ t he _h ! sup]vision ( ! public jail1 & enjoy$ ! be/ opportunity ( kn[+ ! /ate ( crime1 & he 0 confid5t t !re 0 a less am\nt ( crime s9ce emancipation ?an be=e4 ,he also spoke ( ! increas+ att5tion :i* ! negroes paid to neatness ( dress & p]sonal appe>ance4 ,! company broke up ab\t n9e o'clock1 b n until we _h se5 ample evid5ce ( ! fri5dly feel+s ( all ! g5tlem5 t[>d our object4 ,!re 0 n a s+le diss5t+ voice to any ( ! /atem5ts made1 or any ( ! s5tim5ts express$4 ,?is fact %[s t ! prevail+ feel+ is 9 favor ( fre$om1 & t too on ! score ( policy & self-int]e/4 ,d9n] p>ties are 9 "o s5se a v safe pulse 9 all matt]s ( g5]al int]e/4 ,!y r>ely beat fa/] ?an ! he>t ( ! community4 ,no subject is likely to be introduc$ amid ! fe/ivities ( a fa%ionable circle1 until x is fully endors$ by public s5tim5t4 ,?r\gh ! urg5cy ( ,mr4 ,c41 we 7 induc$ to rema9 all night4 ,e>ly ! next morn+1 he propos$ a ride be=e breakfa/ to ,scotl&4 ,scotl& is ! "n giv5 to an abrupt1 hilly section1 9 ! nor? ( ! isl&4 ,x is ab\t five miles f ,mr4 ,c4's1 & n9e f ,bridget[n4 ,9 approa*+1 ! prospect bur/s sudd5ly ^u ! eye1 extort+ an involunt>y exclamation ( surprise4 ,aft] rid+ = miles1 ?r\gh a c\ntry :i* gradually swells into slight elevations1 or sweeps away 9 roll+ pla9s1 cov]$ ) cane1 yams1 potatoes1 eddoes1 corn1 & grass1 alt]nately1 & laid out ) ! regul>ity ( a g>d52 aft] admir+ ! cultivation1 beauty1 & skill exhibit$ on e h&1 until almo/ we>i$ ) view+ ! creations ( art2 ! eye at once falls ^u a sc5e 9 :i* is cr[d$ all ! wildness & abruptness ( nature 9 "o ( h] mo/ freaki% moods--a sc5e :i* seems to defy ! h& ( cultivation & ! graces ( art4 ,we asc5d$ a hill on ! bord] ( ?is section1 :i* af=d$ u a complete view4 ,to describe x 9 "o s5t5ce1 x is an imm5se bas91 f two to ?ree miles 9 diamet] at ! top1 ! edges ( :i* are compos$ ( ragg$ hills1 & ! sides & bottom ( :i* are div]sifi$ ) myriads ( little hillocks & correspond+ ind5tations4 ,"h & !re is a small sug> e/ate 9 ! bottom1 & cultivation ext5ds "s di/ance up ! sides1 ?\gh ?is is at consid]able risk1 = n infrequ5tly1 l>ge tracts ( soil1 cov]$ ) cane or provisions1 slide d[n1 ov]-spread+ ! crops bel[1 & de/roy+ ^? :i* !y c>ry ) !m4 ,mr4 ,c4 po9t$ to ! opposite side ( ! bas9 to a small gr\p ( /unt$ trees1 :i* he said 7 ! la/ rema9s ( ! ,b>badoes =e/s4 ,9 ! mid/ ( !m !re is a boil+ spr+ ( consid]able notoriety4 ,9 ano!r direction1 amid ! rugg$ precipices1 ,mr4 ,c4 po9t$ out ! resid5ces ( a numb] ( poor :ite families1 :om he describ$ z ! mo/ degrad$1 vici\s1 & ab&on$ p 9 ! isl&--v f> bel[ ! negroes4 ,!y live promiscu\sly1 are drunk51 lic5ti\s1 & pov]ty-/rick51--a body ( mo/ squalid & mis]able human be+s4 ,f ! height on :i* we /ood1 we c\ld see ! ocean ne>ly ar\nd ! isl&1 & on our "r & left1 ov]look+ ! bas9 bel[ u1 rose ! two highe/ po9ts ( l& ( :i* ,b>badoes c boa/4 ,! :ite m>l ab\t _! nak$ tops gives !m a bleak & desolate appe>ance1 :i* contra/s gloomily ) ! v]dure ( ! surr\nd+ cultivation4 ,aft] we _h fully gratifi$ ourselves ) view+ ! m9iature repres5tation ( old ,scotia1 we desc5d$ aga9 into ! road1 & return$ to ,le>'s4 ,we pass$ numb]s ( m5 & wom5 go+ t[>ds t[n ) loads ( v>i\s k9ds ( provisions on _! heads4 ,"s 7 black1 & o!rs 7 :ite--( ! same class ^: huts _h j be5 %[n u amid ! hills & rav9es ( ,scotl&4 ,we obs]v$ t ! latt] 7 b>efoot1 & c>ri$ _! loads on _! heads precisely l ! =m]4 ,z we pass$ ^! busy p$e/rians1 ! blacks almo/ uni=mly c\rtesi$ or spoke2 b ! :ites did n appe> to notice u4 ,mr4 ,c inquir$ :e!r we 7 n /ruck ) ?is diff]5ce 9 ! conduct ( ! two p1 rem>k+ t he _h always obs]v$ x4 ,x is v seldom1 said he1 t ,i meet a negro :o does n speak to me politely2 b ?is class ( :ites ei!r pass along )\t look+ up1 or ca/ a half-vacant1 rude />e into "o's face1 )\t op5+ _! m\?s4 ,yet ?is p1 he add$1 v]ie/ raggamuff9s t !y are1 despise ! negroes1 & consid] x q degrad+ to put !mselves on t]m ( equity ) !m4 ,!y w beg ( blacks m provid5t & indu/ri\s ?an !mselves1 or !y w /eal _! p\ltry & rob _! provision gr\nds at night2 b !y w\ld disda9 to associate ) !m4 ,d\btless ^! sans culottes swell 9 _! dangl+ rags ) ! haughty consci\sness t !y possess :ite sk9s4 ,:at pr\d reflections !y mu/ h1 z !y pursue _! b>efoot way1 ?9k+ on _! high l9eage1 & runn+ back ?r\gh ! long li/ ( _! illu/ri\s ance/ry ^: notable badge 0 a :ite sk96 ,no wond] !y _c /op to b[ to ! pass+ /rang]4 ,^! spr\ts ( ! ,caucasian race are kn[n among ! ,b>badians by ! r ungraci\s "n ( ,r$ ,%anks4 ,!y are consid]$ ! pe/ ( ! isl&1 & are f> m tr\blesome to ! police1 9 proportion to _! memb]s1 ?an ! appr5tices4 ,!y are e/imat$ at ab\t eight ?\s&4 ,! orig9 ( ?is population we le>n$ 0 ! foll[+3 ,x has long be5 a law 9 ,b>badoes1 t ea* proprietor %\ld provide a :ite man = e sixty slaves 9 8 possession1 & give him an acre ( l&1 a h\se1 & arms requisite = def5ce ( ! isl& 9 case ( insurrection4 ,?is caus$ an importation ( poor :ites f ,irel& & ,engl&1 & _! numb] has be5 gradually increas+ until ! pres5t "t4 ,dur+ our /ay ( ne>ly two days ) ,mr4 ,c41 !re 0 no?+ to :i* he s (t5 allud$ z to ! security f dang] :i* 0 n[ enjoy$ by ! plant]s4 ,z he sat 9 8 p>lor1 surr\nd$ by 8 affectionate family1 ! s5se ( p]sonal & dome/ic security appe>$ to be a luxury to him4 ,he repeat$ly express$ himself sub/antially ?us3 ,dur+ ! exi/5ce ( slav]y1 h[ (t5 h ,i retir$ to b$ fe>+ t ,i %\ld h my ?roat cut be=e morn+1 b n[ ! dang] is all ov]4 ,we took leave ( ,le>'s1 aft] a protract$ visit1 n )\t a press+ invitation f ,mr4 ,c4 to call aga94 ,,second ,,visit ,,to ,,le>',s4 ,! foll[+ week1 on ,saturday aft]noon1 we receiv$ a note f ,mr4 ,c41 invit+ u to sp5d ! ,sabba? at ,le>'s1 :]e we might att5d s]vice at a neighbor+ *apel1 & see a congregation compos$ *iefly ( appr5tices4 ,on our arrival1 we receiv$ a welcome f ! resid5ts1 :i* reassur$ u ( _! sympa?y 9 our object4 ,we jo9$ ! family circle ar\nd ! c5tre table1 & sp5t ! ev5+ 9 free conv]sation on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,dur+ ! ev5+ ,mr4 ,c4 /at$1 t he _h lately met ) a plant] :o1 = "s ye>s previ\s to emancipation1 & inde$ up to ! v ev5t1 ma9ta9$ t x 0 utt]ly impossible = su* a ?+ ev] to take place4 ,! "m c\ntry1 he said1 c\ld n be s mad z to take a /ep :i* mu/ inevitably ru9 ! colonies4 ,n[1 said ,mr4 ,c41 ?is plant] w\ld be "o ( ! la/ 9 ! isl& to vote = a re/oration ( slav]y2 nay1 he ev5 wi%es to h ! appr5tice%ip t]m9at$ at once1 & entire fre$om giv5 to ! p4 ,su* *anges z ?is 7 v common4 ,mr4 ,c4 rem>k$ t dur+ slav]y1 if ! negro v5tur$ to express an op9ion ab\t any po9t ( managem5t1 he 0 met at once ) a reprim&4 ,if "o %\ld say1 ,i ?9k su* a c\rse w\ld he be/1 or1 ,su* a field ( cane is fit = cutt+1 ! reply w\ld be1 ,?9k6 y h no "r to ?9k any ?+ ab\t x4 ,d z ,i bid y4 ,mr4 ,c4 confess$ frankly1 t he _h (t5 us$ su* language himself4 ,yet at ! same "t t he affect$ su* contempt = ! op9ions ( ! slaves1 he us$ to g ar\nd secretly among ! negro h\ses at night to ov]he> _! conv]sation1 & asc]ta9 _! views4 ,sometimes he receiv$ v valuable sugge/ions f !m1 :i* he 0 glad to avail himself (1 ?\gh he 0 c>eful n to ackn[l$ge _! orig94 ,soon aft] supp]1 ,miss ,e41 "o ( ,mr4 ,c4's daught]s1 retir$ = ! purpose ( tea*+ a class ( color$ *ildr5 :i* came to h] on ,w$nesday & ,saturday nights4 ,a si/] ( ,miss ,e4 has a class on ! same days at noon4 ,dur+ ! ev5+ we reque/$ ! favor ( see+ ,miss ,e4's s*ool4 ,we 7 conduct$ by a flight ( /airs into ! basem5t /ory1 :]e we f\nd h] sitt+ 9 a small recess1 & surr\nd$ by a doz5 negro girls2 f ! ages ( eight to fifte54 ,%e 0 in/ruct+ !m f ! ,te/am5t1 :i* mo/ ( !m c\ld read flu5tly4 ,%e aft]w>ds he>d !m recite "s passages :i* !y _h committ$ to memory1 & int]sp]s$ ! recitations ) appropriate rem>ks ( advice & exhortation4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ,miss ,e4 comm5c$ in/ruct+ aft] ! abolition2 be=e t ev5t ! idea ( su* an employm5t w\ld h be5 reject$ z degrad+4 ,at t5 o'clock on ,sabba? morn+1 we drove to ! *apel ( ! p>i%1 :i* is a mile & a half f ,le>'s4 ,x conta9s seats = five hundr$ p]sons4 ,! body ( ! h\se is appropriat$ to ! appr5tices4 ,!re 7 upw>ds ( f\r hundr$ p]sons1 mo/ly appr5tices1 pres5t1 & a m quiet & att5tive congregation we h seldom se54 ,! p 7 neatly dress$4 ,a great numb] ( ! m5 wore black or blue clo?4 ,! females 7 g5]ally dress$ 9 :ite4 ,! *oir 0 compos$ entirely ( blacks1 & sung ) *>act]i/ic excell5ce4 ,!re 0 s mu* intellig5ce 9 ! c\nt5ances ( ! p1 t we c\ld sc>cely believe we 7 look+ on a congregation ( lately emancipat$ slaves4 ,we return$ to ,le>'s4 ,mr4 ,c4 notic$ ! *ange :i* has tak5 place 9 ! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? s9ce emancipation4 ,=m]ly ! smoke w\ld be (t5 se5 at ?is "t ( day p\r+ f ! *imneys ( ! boil+-h\ses2 b su* a sight has n be5 se5 s9ce slav]y disappe>$4 ,sunday us$ to be ! day = ! negroes to "w on _! gr\nds2 n[ x is a r>e ?+ = !m to d s4 ,sunday m>kets also prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 until ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,mr4 ,c4 cont9u$ to speak ( slav]y4 ,i sometimes wond]1 said he1 at myself1 :5 ,i ?9k h[ long ,i 0 connect$ ) slav]y2 b self-int]e/ & cu/om bl9d$ me to its enormities4 ,tak+ a %ort walk t[>ds sunset1 we f\nd ourselves on ! m>g9 ( a beautiful pond1 9 :i* myriads ( small gold fi%es 7 disport+--n[ circl+ ab\t 9 rapid evolutions1 & anon leap+ above ! surface1 & display+ _! brilliant sides 9 ! rays ( ! sett+ sun4 ,:5 we _h wat*$ = "s mom5ts _! happy gambols1 ,mr4 ,c4 turn$ ar\nd & broke a twig f a bu% t /ood beh9d u2 !re is a bu%1 said he1 :i* has committ$ _m a murd]4 ,on reque/+ him to expla91 he said1 t ! root ( x 0 a mo/ deadly poison1 & t ! slave wom5 us$ to make a decoction ( x & give to _! infants to de/roy !m2 _m a *ild _h be5 murd]$ 9 ?is way4 ,mo!rs w\ld kill _! *ildr51 r ?an see !m gr[ up to be slaves4 ,ah1 he cont9u$1 9 a solemn tone1 paus+ a mom5t & look+ at u 9 a mo/ e>ne/ mann]1 ,i c\ld write a book ab\t ! evils ( slav]y4 ,i c\ld write a book ab\t ^! ?+s4 ,:at a volume ( blackness & blood6,a ,footnote ,a3 ,we are "h rem9d$ ( a fact /at$ by ,mr4 ,c4 on ano!r occasion4 ,he said1 t he once att5d$ at ! dea? ( a plant] :o _h be5 not$ = 8 sev]ity to 8 slaves4 ,x 0 ! mo/ horrid sc5e he ev] witness$4 ,= h\rs be=e 8 dea? he 0 9 ! extreme/ agony1 & ! only words :i* he utt]$ 71 ,africa4 ,o ,africa6 ,^! words he repeat$ e few m9utes1 till he di$4 ,& su* a gha/ly c\nt5ance1 su* di/ortions ( ! muscles1 su* a helli% gl>e ( ! eye1 & su* convulsions ( ! body--x made him %udd] to ?9k ( !m4 ,:5 we arose on ,monday morn+1 ! daylight has sc>cely brok54 ,on look+ out ( ! w9d[1 we saw ! mill sl[ly mov+ 9 ! w9d1 & ! field gang 7 go+ out to _! daily "w4 ,surely1 we ?\ght1 ?is does n look mu* l ! laz9ess & insubord9ation ( fre$ negroes4 ,aft] dress+1 we walk$ d[n to ! mill1 to h "s conv]sation ) ! p4 ,!y all bade u a cordial good morn9'4 ,! t5d] ( ! mill 0 an old man1 ^: despis$ locks 7 gray & ?91 & on ^: br[ ! h&s ( "t & sorr[ _h writt5 _m effaceless l9es4 ,he appe>$ hale & *e]ful1 & answ]$ our que/ions 9 di/9ct intelligible language4 ,we ask$ him h[ !y 7 all gett+ along "u ! new sy/em4 ,v well1 massa1 said he1 v well1 ?ank ,god4 ,all peaceable & good4 ,d y l ! appr5tice%ip bett] !n slav]y8 ,great deal bett]1 massa2 we is do+ well n[4 ,y l ! appr5tice%ip z well z fre$om1 don't y8 ,o no me massa1 fre$om till bett]4 ,:at w y d :5 y are entirely free8 ,we mu/ "w2 all h to "w :5 de free come1 :ite & black4 ,y are old1 & w n enjoy fre$om long2 :y d y wi% = fre$om1 !n8 ,me want to die free1 massa--good t+ to die free1 & me want to see *ildr5 free too4 ,we cont9u$ at ,le>'s dur+ ,monday1 to be 9 read9ess = a t\r to ! w9dw>d ( ! isl&1 :i* ,mr4 ,c4 _h project$ = u1 & on :i* we 7 to set out e>ly ! next morn+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! day we _h opportunities ( see+ ! appr5tices 9 almo/ e situation--9 ! field1 at ! mill1 9 ! boil+-h\se1 mov+ to & f "w1 & at re/4 ,9 e aspect 9 :i* we view$ !m1 !y appe>$ *e]ful1 amiable1 & easy ( control4 ,x 0 admirable to see ) :at ease & regul>ity e ?+ mov$4 ,an e/ate ( ne>ly sev5 hundr$ acres1 ) ext5sive agriculture1 & a l>ge manufactory & di/ill]y1 employ+ ?ree hundr$ appr5tices1 & support+ tw5ty-five horses1 "o hundr$ & ?irty head ( horn$ cattle1 & hogs1 %eep2 & p\ltry 9 proportion1 is manife/ly a mo/ complicat$ ma*9]y4 ,no wond] x %\ld h be5 difficult to manage dur+ slav]y1 :5 ! ma9 spr+ 0 abs5t1 & e :eel out ( ge>4 ,we saw ! appr5tices assemble aft] twelve o'clock1 to receive _! all[ances ( yams4 ,^! provisions are di/ribut$ to !m twice e week--on ,monday & ,?ursday4 ,!y 7 /rew$ along ! y>d 9 heaps ( fifte5 p\nds ea*4 ,! appr5tices came ) baskets to get _! all[ances4 ,x resembl$ a m>ket sc5e1 mu* *att]+ & talk+1 b no ang]4 ,ea* man1 woman1 & *ild1 z !y got _! baskets fill$1 plac$ !m ( _! heads1 & m>*$ (f to _! sev]al huts4 ,on ,tuesday morn+1 at an e>ly h\r1 ,mr4 ,c4 took u 9 8 phaeton on our project$ excursion4 ,x 0 a beautiful morn+4 ,!re 0 a full breeze f ! ea/1 :i* _h already />t$ ! pond]\s w+s ( ! w9d-mills1 9 e direction4 ,! sun 0 %ad$ by light cl\ds1 :i* r5d]$ ! air q cool4 ,cross+ ! ri* valley 9 :i* ! ,bell e/ate & o!r noble prop]ties are situat$1 we asc5d$ ! cliffs ( ,/4 ,john's--a ridge ext5d+ ?r\gh ! p>i% ( t "n & z we rode along its top1 ea/w>d1 we _h a delightful view ( sea & l&4 ,bel[ u on ei!r h& lay va/ e/ates gl[+ 9 !1 v]dure ( summ]1 & on ?ree sides 9 ! di/ance /ret*$ ! ocean4 ,ri* swells ( l&1 cultivat$ & bloom+ l a va/ g>d51 ext5d$ to ! nor? z f> z ! eye c\ld rea*1 & on e o!r side d[n to ! wat]'s edge4 ,"o :o has be5 accu/om$ to ! wildness ( ,am]ican sc5]y1 & to ! imp]fect cultivation1 int]cept$ ) woodl&1 :i* yet *>act]izes ! ev5 ! olde/ portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 might revel = a "t amid ! sunny mead[s4 ,! wav+ cane fields1 ! v]dant provision gr\nds1 ! acres ( ri* black soil )\t a blade ( grass1 & divid$ into b$s two feet squ>e = ! cane plants ) ! precision almo/ ( ! cells ( a honey comb2 & )al he might be *>m$ ) ! luxuri\s mansions--m luxuri\s ?an sup]b--surr\nd$ ) ! :ite c$>1 ! cocoa-nut tree1 & ! tall1 ri* m\nta9 cabbage--! mo/ beautiful ( all tropical trees2 b p]*ance x w\ld n require a v long excursion to we>y him ) ! artificiality ( ! sc5]y1 & cause him to sigh = ! woods & wilds1 ! banks & braes1 ( 8 own maje/ic c\ntry4 ,aft] an h\r & a half's drive1 we rea*$ ,colliton e/ate1 :]e we 7 engag$ to breakfa/4 ,we met a he>ty welcome f ! manag]1 ,samuel ,h9k/on1 ,esq4 we 7 soon jo9$ by sev]al g5tlem5 :om ,mr4 ,h4 _h invit$ to take breakfa/ ) u2 ^! 7 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,gitt5s1 rector ( ,/4 ,philip's p>i%1 79 :i* ,colliton e/ate is situat$17 & memb] ( ! colonial c\ncil2 ,mr4 ,?omas1 an ext5sive attorney ( ,b>badoes2 & ,dr4 ,bell1 a plant] ( ,dem]>a--!n on a visit to ! isl&4 ,we conv]s$ ) ea* ( ! g5tlem5 sep>ately1 & obta9$ _! individual views respect+ emancipation4 ,mr4 ,h9k/on has be5 a plant] = ?irty-six ye>s1 & is highly e/eem$ ?r\gh\t ! isl&4 ,! e/ate :i* he manages1 ranks among ! fir/ 9 ! isl&4 ,x comprises six hundr$ acres ( sup]ior l&1 has a population ( two hundr$ appr5tices1 & yields an av]age crop ( "o hundr$ & eighty hog%eads4 ,toge!r ) 8 long exp]i5ce & /&+ z a plant]1 ,mr4 ,h4 has be5 = _m ye>s local magi/rate = ! p>i% 9 :i* he resides4 ,f ^! circum/ances comb9$1 we are induc$ to give 8 op9ions on a v>iety ( po9ts4 #a4 ,he rem>k$ t ! plant]s 7 gett+ along inf9itely bett] "u ! new sy/em ?an !y ev] did "u ! old4 ,in/ead ( regrett+ t ! *ange _h tak5 place1 he is look+ =w>d ) pleasure to a bett] *ange 9 #ahdj1 & he only regrets t x is n to come soon]4 #b4 ,mr4 ,h4 said x 0 g5]ally conc$$ t ! isl& 0 nev] "u bett] cultivation ?an at ! pres5t "t4 ,! crops = ?is ye> w exce$ ! av]age by sev]al ?\s& hog%eads4 ,! canes 7 plant$ 9 good season1 & well att5d$ to aft]w>ds4 #c4 ,real e/ate has ris5 v mu* s9ce emancipation4 ,mr4 ,h4 /at$ t he _h lately pur*as$ a small sug> e/ate1 = :i* he 0 oblig$ to give sev]al hundr$ p\nds m ?an x w\ld h co/ him be=e #ahcd4 #d4 ,!re is n ! lea/ s5se ( insecurity n[4 ,be=e emancipation !re 0 mu* fe> ( insurrection1 b t fe> pass$ away ) slav]y4 #e4 ,! prospect = #ahdj is good4 ,t p h no fe> ( ru9 aft] emancipation1 is prov$ by ! build+ ( sug> works on e/ates :i* nev] _h any be=e1 & :i* 7 oblig$ to c>t _! canes to neighb\r+ e/ates to h !m gr\nd & manufactur$4 ,!re are also num]\s improvem5ts mak+ on ! l>g] e/ates4 ,mr4 ,h4 is prep>+ to make a new mill & boil+-h\se on ,colliton1 & o!r plant]s are do+ ! same4 ,arrangem5ts are mak+ too 9 v>i\s directions to build new negro villages on a m commodi\s plan4 #f4 ,mr4 ,h4 says he f9ds 8 appr5tices p]fectly ready to "w = wages dur+ _! own "t4 ,:5ev] he ne$s _! labor on ,saturday1 he has only to ask !m1 & !y are ready to g to ! mill1 or field at once4 ,!re has n be5 an in/ance on ,colliton e/ate 9 :i* ! appr5tices h refus$ to "w1 ei!r dur+ ! h\rs requir$ by law1 or dur+ _! own "t4 ,:5 he does n ne$ _! s]vices on ,saturday1 !y ei!r hire !mselves to o!r e/ates or "w on _! own gr\nds4 #g4 ,mr4 ,h4 0 ready to say1 bo? z a plant] & a magi/rate1 t vice & crime g5]ally _h decreas$1 & 7 /ill on ! decrease4 ,petty !fts are ! pr9cipal (f5ces4 ,he has n _h occasion to s5d a s+le appr5tice to ! c\rt ( sessions = ! la/ six mon?s4 #h4 ,he has no difficulty 9 manag+ 8 p--f> less ?an he did :5 !y 7 slaves4 ,x is v seldom t he f9ds x necess>y to call 9 ! aid ( ! special magi/rate4 ,conciliatory treatm5t is g5]ally suffici5t to ma9ta9 ord] & indu/ry among ! appr5tices4 #i4 ,he affirms t ! negroes h no disposition to be rev5geful4 ,he has nev] se5 any ?+ l rev5ge4 #aj4 ,8 p are z f> remov$ f insol5ce z f v9dictiv5ess4 ,!y h be5 uni=mly civil4 #aa4 ,8 appr5tices h m int]e/ 9 ! affairs ( ! e/ate1 & he puts m confid5ce 9 !m ?an he ev] did be=e4 #ab4 ,he decl>es t ! work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip1 z also t ( entire fre$om1 dep5ds entirely on ! plant]s4 ,if !y act ) common humanity & reason1 !re is no fe> b t ! appr5tices w be peaceable4 ,mr4 ,?omas is attorney = fifte5 e/ates1 on :i* !re are upw>ds ( two ?\s& five hundr$ appr5tices4 ,we 7 in=m$ t he _h be5 di/+ui%$ z a sev]e discipl9>ian "u ! old reign1 or 9 pla9 t]ms1 _h be5 a cruel man & a h>d driv]2 b he 0 "o ( ^? :o1 s9ce emancipation1 h turn$ ab\t & con=m$ _! mode ( treatm5t to ! new sy/em4 ,9 reply to our inquiry h[ ! pres5t sy/em 0 work+1 he said1 inf9itely bett] 7su* 0 8 language7 ?an slav]y4 ,i succe$ bett] on all ! e/ates "u my *>ge ?an ,i did =m]ly4 ,i h f> less difficulty ) ! p4 ,i h no reason to compla9 ( _! conduct4 ,h[ev]1 ,i ?9k !y w d /ill bett] aft] #ahdj4 ,we made "s inquiries ( ,dr4 ,bell conc]n+ ! results ( abolition 9 ,dem]>a4 ,he gave a decid$ly flatt]+ acc\nt ( ! work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em4 ,no fe>s are ent]ta9$ t ,dem]>a w be ru9$ aft] #ahdj4 ,on ! contr>y x w be greatly b5efit$ by emancipation4 ,x is n[ suff]+ f a want ( labor]s1 & aft] #ahdj !re w be an increas$ emigration to t colony f ! old] & less productive colonies4 ,! plant]s ( ,dem]>a are mak+ arrangem5ts = cultivat+ sug> on a l>g] scale ?an ev] be=e4 ,e/ates are sell+ at v high prices4 ,e ?+ indicates ! fulle/ confid5ce on ! "p ( ! plant]s t ! prosp]ity ( ! colony w n only be p]man5t1 b progressive4 ,aft] breakfa/ we proce$$ to ! ,society's e/ate4 ,we 7 glad to see ?is e/ate1 z its hi/ory is peculi>4 ,9 #agbf x 0 bequea!d by ,g5]al ,codd+ton to a society 9 ,engl&1 call$ ,! ,society = ! promotion ( ,*ri/ian ,k4 ,! proce$s ( ! e/ate 7 to be appli$ to ! support ( an in/itution 9 ,b>badoes1 = educat+ mission>ies ( ! e/abli%$ ord]4 ,"s ( ! provisions ( ! w 7 t ! e/ate %\ld always h ?ree hundr$ slaves ^u x2 t x %\ld support a s*ool = ! education ( ! negro *ildr5 :o 7 to be taught a portion ( e day until !y 7 twelve ye>s old1 :5 !y 7 to g into ! field2 & t !re %\ld be a *apel built ^u x4 ,! negroes belong+ to ! e/ate h = upw>ds ( a hundr$ ye>s be5 "u ?is k9d ( in/ruction4 ,!y h all be5 taught to read1 ?\gh 9 _m in/ances !y h =gott5 all !y le>n$1 hav+ no opportunity to improve aft] !y left s*ool4 ,!y enjoy "s o!r com=ts peculi> to ! ,society's e/ate4 ,!y h neat cottages built ap>t--ea* on a half-acre lot1 :i* belongs to ! appr5tice & = ! cultivation ( :i* he is a all[$ "o day out ( ! five work+ days4 ,ano!r peculi>ity is1 t ! m5 & wom5 "w 9 sep>ate gangs4 ,at ?is e/ate we procur$ horses to ride to ! ,college4 ,we rode by ! *apel & s*ool-h\se belong+ to ! ,society's e/ate :i* are situat$ on ! r[ ( a high hill4 ,f ! same hill we caught a view ( ,coddr+ton college1 :i* is situat$ on a l[ bottom ext5d+ f ! foot ( ! rocky cliff on :i* we /ood to ! sea %ore1 a space ( qu>t] ( a mile4 ,x is a long1 n>r[1 ill-con/ruct$ edifice4 ,we call$ on ! pr9cipal1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,jones1 :o receiv$ u v cordially1 & conduct$ u ov] ! build+s & ! gr\nds connect$ ) !m4 ,! college is l>ge en\gh to accommodate a hundr$ /ud5ts4 ,x is fitt$ out ) lodg+ rooms1 v>i\s pr(essors' dep>tm5ts1 d9+ hall1 *apel1 libr>y1 & all ! appurt5ances ( a univ]sity4 ,! numb] ( /ud5t at ! close ( ! la/ t]m 0 fifte54 ,! pr(essors1 two 9 numb]1 are support$ by a fund1 consi/+ ( #dj1jjj /]l+1 :i* has 9 "p accumulat$ f ! rev5ue ( ! e/ate4 ,! pr9cipal spoke favorably ( ! op]ation ( ! appr5tice%ip 9 ,b>badoes1 & gave ! negroes a decid$ sup]iority ov] ! l[] class ( :ites4 ,he _h se5 only "o color$ begg> s9ce he came to ! isl&1 b he 0 infe/$ ) multitudes ( :ite ones4 ,x is int5d$ to improve ! college build+s z soon z ! toil ( appr5tices on ! ,society's e/ate furni%es ! requisite means4 ,?is robb+ ( ,god's image to promote education is horrible en\gh1 tak+ ! wages ( slav]y to spread ! k+dom ( ,*ri/6 ,on re-asc5d+ ! hill1 we call$ at ! ,society's s*ool4 ,!re are usually 9 att5dance ab\t "o hundr$ *ildr51 s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,ne> ! s*ool-h\se is ! *apel ( ! e/ate1 a neat build+1 capable ( hold+ ?ree or f\r hundr$ p4 ,adjac5t to ! *apel is ! burial gr\nd = ! negroes belong+ to ! ,society's e/ate4 ,we notic$ sev]al neat tombs1 :i* appe>$ to h be5 erect$ only a %ort "t previ\s4 ,!y 7 built ( brick1 & cov]$ ov] ) lime1 s z to resemble :ite m>ble slabs4 ,on be+ told t ^! 7 erect$ by ! negroes !mselves ov] ! bodies ( _! fri5ds1 we c\ld n fail to note s beautiful an evid5ce ( _! civilization & humanity4 ,we return$ to ! ,society's e/ate1 :]e we ex*ang$ our saddles = ! phaeton1 & proce$$ on our ea/w>d t\r4 ,mr4 ,c4 took u out ( ! way a few miles to %[ u "o ( ! few curiosities ( :i* ,b>badoes c boa/4 ,x is call$ ! ,horse4 ,! %ore = "s di/ance is a high & precipit\s l$ge ( rocks1 :i* ov]hangs ! sea 9 brok5 cliffs4 ,9 "o place a huge mass has be5 riv5 f ! ma9 body ( rock & fall5 into ! sea4 ,o!r huge fragm5ts h be5 brok5 (f 9 ! same mann]4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ^!1 a numb] ( /eps h be5 cut 9 ! rock = ! purpose ( desc5d+ to ! sea4 ,at ! bottom ( ^! /eps1 !re is a broad plat=m ( solid rock1 :]e "o may /& securely1 & he> ! waves break+ ar\nd him l heavy ?und]s4 ,?r\gh ! fissures we c\ld see ! foam & spray m+l+ ) ! blue ( ! ocean1 & fla%+ 9 ! sun%9e4 ,to ! "r1 betwe5 ! l>ge/ rock & ! ma9 l&1 !re is a *amb] ( ab\t t5 feet wide1 & tw5ty feet long4 ,! fragm5t1 :i* =ms "o ( its sides1 leans t[>ds ! ma9 rock1 & t\*es x at top1 =m+ a ro(1 ) "h & !re a fissure1 ?r\gh :i* ! light ent]s4 ,at ! bottom ( ! room !re is a cle> b$ ( wat]1 :i* communicates ) ! sea by a small ap]ture "u ! rock4 ,x is z placid z a summ] pond1 & is fitt$ ) /eps = a ba?+ place4 ,ba!1 truly6 ) ! sea ev] da%+ aga9/ ! side1 & ro>+ & rev]b]at+ ) deaf5+ e*o4 ,on a granite slab1 fix$ 9 ! side ( ! rock at ! bottom ( ! fir/ desc5t is an inscription4 ,"t has v mu* effac$ ! lett]s1 b by ! aid ( ,mr4 ,c4's memory1 we succe$$ 9 deciph]+ !m4 ,!y w s]ve z ! hundr$ & fir/ exemplification ( ! ,bonap>tean maxim--,!re is b "o /ep f ! sublime to ! ridicul\s4 ,9 ?is remote1 & ho>se res\nd+ place1 ,:i* bill[s cla%1 & craggy cliffs embrace1 ,^! babbl+ spr+s amid su* horrors rise1 ,b arm$ ) virtue1 horrors we despise4 ,ba! undismay$1 nor dread ! imp5d+ rock1 ',tis virtue %ields u f ea* adv]se %ock4 ,,g5io ,,loci ,,sacrum ,,posuit ,j4,r4 ,,m>tis ,,m5se #agfi ,f ! ,crane1 :i* is ! "n giv5 to t section ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! ,horse is situat$1 we b5t our way 9 a s\!rly direction to ! ,ridge e/ate1 :i* 0 ab\t eight miles di/ant1 :]e we _h engag$ to d9e4 ,on ! way we pass$ an e/ate :i* _h j be5 on fire4 ,! appr5tices1 fe>+ le/ _! h\ses %\ld be burnt1 _h c>ri$ away all ! moveables f !m1 & deposit$ !m 9 sep>ate heaps1 on a newly pl\gh$ field4 ,! v doors & w9d[ %utt]s _h be5 torn (f & c>ri$ into ! field1 sev]al acres ( :i* 7 /rew$ ov] ) piles ( su* furniture4 ,mr4 ,c4 0 sc>cely less /ruck ) ?is sc5e ?an we 71 & he assur$ u t he _h nev] kn[n su* provid5ce manife/$ on a simil> occasion dur+ slav]y4 ,at ! ,ridge e/ate we met ,mr4 ,cl>ke1 manag] at ,/aple ,grove e/ate1 ,mr4 ,apple:itte ( ,c>ton1 & a bro!r ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,! manag]1 ,mr4 ,cecil1 receiv$ u ) ! cu/om>y cordiality4 ,mr4 ,cl>ke is ! manag] ( an e/ate on :i* !re are two hundr$ appr5tices4 ,8 te/imony 01 t ! e/ate 0 bett] cultivat$ s9ce abolition ?an be=e1 & t x is f> easi] to control ! labor]s1 & secure uni=mity ( labor "u ! pres5t sy/em4 ,he qualifi$ ?is rem>k1 by say+1 t if h>% or viol5t measures 7 us$1 !re w\ld be m difficulty n[ ?an dur+ slav]y2 b k9d treatm5t & a conciliatory _s nev] fail$ to secure peace & indu/ry4 ,at ! "t ( abolition1 ,mr4 ,c4 own$ t5 slaves1 :om he entirely emancipat$4 ,"s ( ^! /ill rema9 ) him z dome/ics2 o!rs are hir$ on an adjo9+ e/ate4 ,"o ( ^? :o left him to "w on ano!r e/ate1 said to him1 ,massa1 :5ev] y want anybody to help y1 s5d to me1 & ,i'll come4 ,x makes no odds :5 x is--,i'll be ready at any "t--day or night4 ,mr4 ,c4 decl>$ himself ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( ! propriety ( imm$iate emancipation2 ?\gh he 0 once a viol5t oppos] ( abolition4 ,he said1 t if he _h ! p[]1 be w\ld emancipate e appr5tice on 8 e/ate to-morr[4 ,z we 7 9 ! sug>-h\se exam9+ ! quality ( ! sug>1 ,mr4 ,c4 turn$ to "o ( u1 & putt+ 8 h& on a hog%ead1 said1 ,y d n raise ?is article 9 y\r /ate1 7,k5tucky17 ,i believe4 ,on be+ answ]$ 9 ! negative1 he cont9u$1 ,well1 we w excuse y1 !n1 some:at 9 y\r /ate--y c't treat y\r slaves s cruelly !re4 ,?is1 ?is is ! dreadful ?+6 ,:]ev] sug> is cultivat$ by slaves1 !re is extreme suff]+4 ,mr4 ,apple:itte said emphatically1 t !re 0 no dang] 9 entire emancipation4 ,he 0 ! proprietor ( m ?an a hundr$ appr5tices & he w\ld l to see !m all free at once4 ,dur+ a long sitt+ at ! d9n] table1 emancipation 0 ! topic1 & we 7 gratifi$ ) ! p]fect unanimity ( s5tim5t among ^! plant]s4 ,aft] ! clo? 0 remov$1 & we 7 ab\t leav+ ! table1 ,mr4 ,cl>ke begg$ leave to propose a toa/4 ,accord+ly1 ! glasses ( ! plant]s 7 once m fill$1 & ,mr4 ,c41 b[+ to u1 gave our heal?1 & success to our laudable und]tak+1--mo/ laudable und]tak+1 add$ ,mr4 ,apple:itte1 & ! glasses 7 empti$4 ,_h ! glasses conta9$ wat] in/ead ( w9e1 our gratification w\ld h be5 complete4 ,x 0 a ?+ altoge!r beyond our mo/ sangu9e expectations1 t a company ( plant]s1 all ( :om 7 b ?ree ye>s previ\s ! actual oppressors ( ! slave1 %\ld be f\nd wi%+ success to ! cause ( emancipation4 ,at half pa/ eight o'clock1 we resum$ our seats 9 ,mr4 ,c4's phaeton1 & by ! ne>e/ r\te across ! c\ntry1 return$ to ,le>'s4 ,mr4 ,c4 ent]ta9$ u by ! way ) eulogies ^u ! indu/ry & fai?fulness ( 8 appr5tices4 ,x 01 he said1 "o ( ! greate/ pleasures he exp]i5c$1 to visit ! diff]5t e/ates "u 8 *>ge1 & witness ! respect & affection :i* ! appr5tices ent]ta9$ t[>ds him4 ,_! joyful welcome1 _! k9d att5tions dur+ 8 /ay ) !m1 & _! he>ty 'good-bye1 massa1' :5 he left1 delight$ him4 ,,visit ,,to ,,colonel ,,a%by',s4 ,we 7 k9dly invit$ to sp5d a day at ! mansion ( ,colonel ,a%by1 an ag$ & exp]i5c$ plant]1 :o is ! proprietor ( ! e/ate on :i* he resides4 ,colonel ,a4's e/ate is situat$ 9 ! p>i% ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 & is almo/ on ! extreme po9t ( a promontory1 :i* =ms ! s\!rnmo/ "p ( ! isl&4 ,an e>ly & pleasant drive ( n9e miles f ,bridget[n1 along ! s\!a/]n coa/ ( ! isl&1 br\ght u to 8 resid5ce4 ,colonel ,a4 is a native ( ,b>badoes1 has be5 a practical plant] s9ce #agie1 & = a long "t a colonial magi/rate1 & comm&] ( ! p>i% troops4 ,8 pres5t e/ate conta9s ?ree hundr$ & fifty acres1 & has ^u x two hundr$ & ?irty appr5tices1 ) a l>ge numb] ( free *ildr54 ,8 av]age crop is eighty l>ge hog%eads4 ,colonel ,a4 rem>k$ to u1 t he _h witness$ _m cruelties & enormities "u ! reign ( t]ror4 ,he said1 t ! abolition ( slav]y _h be5 an incalculable bless+1 b add$1 t he _h n always ent]ta9$ ! same views respect+ emancipation4 ,be=e x took place1 he 0 a viol5t oppos] ( any measure t5d+ to abolition4 ,he reg>d$ ! ,engli% abolitioni/s1 & ! anti-slav]y memb]s 9 p>liam5t1 ) unm+l$ hatr$4 ,he _h (t5 curs$ ,wilb]=ce mo/ bitt]ly1 & ?\ght t no doom ei!r 9 ?is life1 or 9 ! life to come1 0 too bad = him4 ,b1 he exclaim$1 h[ mi/ak5 ,i 0 ab\t t man--,i am conv9c$ ( x n[--,o he 0 a good man--a noble philan?ropi/6--if !re is a *air 9 heav51 ,wilb]=ce is 9 x6 ,colonel ,a4 is some:at sceptical1 :i* w acc\nt = 8 hypo!tical mann] ( speak+ ab\t heav54 ,he said t he f\nd no tr\ble 9 manag+ 8 appr5tices4 ,z local or colonial magi/rate1 9 :i* capacity he /ill cont9u$ to act he _h no cases ( s]i\s crime to adjudicate1 & v few cases ( petty misdemeanor4 ,colonel ,a4 /at$ emphatically1 t ! negroes 7 n dispos$ to leave _! employm5t1 unless ! ma/] 0 intol]ably passionate & h>d ) !m2 z = himself1 he did n fe> los+ a s+le labor] aft] #ahdj4 ,he dwelt mu* on ! tru/9ess & /rong atta*m5t ( ! negroes1 :]e !y are well treat$4 ,!re 7 no p 9 ! _w t he w\ld tru/ 8 prop]ty or life ) soon] ?an negroes1 provid$ he _h ! previ\s managem5t ( !m long en\gh to secure _! confid5ce4 ,he /at$ ! foll[+ fact 9 confirmation ( ?is s5tim5t4 ,dur+ ! memorable insurrection ( #ahaf1 by :i* ! neighbor+ p>i%es 7 dreadfully ravag$1 he 0 sudd5ly call$ f home on milit>y duty4 ,aft] he _h proce$$ "s di/ance1 he recollect$ t he _h left five ?\s& doll>s 9 an op5 desk at home4 ,he imm$iately told ! fact to 8 slave :o 0 ) him1 & s5t him back to take c>e ( x4 ,he knew no?+ m ( 8 money until ! rebellion 0 quell$1 & peace re/or$4 ,on return+ home1 ! slave l$ him to a cocoa-nut tree ne> by ! h\se1 & dug up ! money1 :i* he _h buri$ "u its roots4 ,he f\nd ! :ole sum secure4 ,! negro1 he said1 might h tak5 ! money1 & he w\ld nev] h suspect$ him1 b w\ld h conclud$ t x _h be51 9 common ) o!r l>g] sums1 seiz$ ^u by ! insurg5ts4 ,colonel ,a4 said t x 0 impossible = him to mi/ru/ ! negroes z a body4 ,he spoke 9 t]ms ( praise also ( ! conjugal atta*m5t ( ! negroes4 ,8 son1 a m]*ant1 /at$ a fact on ?is subject4 ,! wife ( a negro man :om he knew1 became afflict$ ) t loa?some disease1 ! leprosy4 ,! man cont9u$ to live ) h]1 not)/&+ ! disease 0 univ]sally consid]$ contagi\s & 0 peculi>ly dread$ by ! negroes4 ,! man on be+ ask$ :y he liv$ ) 8 wife "u su* circum/ances1 said1 t he _h liv$ ) h] :5 %e 0 well1 & he c\ld n be> to =sake h] :5 %e 0 9 di/ress4 ,colonel ,a4 made num]\s inquiries respect+ slav]y 9 ,am]ica4 ,he said !re c]ta9ly be insurrections 9 ! slavehold+ /ates1 unless slav]y 0 aboli%$4 ,no?+ b abolition c\ld put an end to insurrections4 ,mr4 ,?omas1 a neighbor+ plant]1 d9$ ) u4 ,he _h n c>ri$ a compla9t to ! special magi/rate aga9/ 8 appr5tices = six mon?s4 ,he rem>k$ p>ticul>ly t emancipation _h be5 a great bless+ to ! ma/]2 x br\ght fre$om to him z well z to ! slave4 ,a few days subsequ5t to our visit to ,colonel ,a4's1 ! ,rev]5d ,mr4 ,pack]1 ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 call$ at our lodg+s1 & introduc$ a plant] f ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,?omas4 ,! plant] is proprietor ( an e/ate1 & has eighty appr5tices4 ,8 appr5tices conduct !mselves v satisfactorily1 & he _h n c>ri$ a half doz5 compla9ts to ! special magi/rate s9ce #ahca4 ,he said t cases ( crime 7 v r>e1 z he _h opportunity ( kn[+1 be+ local magi/rate4 ,!re 7 almo/ no p5al (f5ces br\ght be=e him4 ,_m ( ! appr5tices ( ,/4 ,?omas p>i% 7 buy+ _! fre$om1 & !re 7 sev]al cases ( appraisem5t,a e week4 ,! ,monday previ\s1 six cases came be=e him1 9 f\r ( :i* ! appr5tices paid ! money on ! spot4 ,footnote ,a3 ,:5 an appr5tice signifies 8 wi% to pur*ase 8 fre$om1 he applies to ! magi/rate = an appraisem5t4 ,! appraisem5t is made by "o special & two local magi/rates4 ,be=e ?is g5tleman left1 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,c4 call$ 9 ) ,mr4 ,pigeot1 ano!r plant]1 ) :om we _h a long conv]sation4 ,mr4 ,p4 has be5 a manag] = _m ye>s4 ,we _h he>d ( him previ\sly z ! only plant] 9 ! isl& :o _h made an exp]im5t 9 task "w prior to abolition4 ,he tri$ x = tw5ty mon?s be=e t p]iod on an e/ate ( f\r hundr$ acres & two hundr$ p4 ,8 plan 0 simply to give ea* slave an ord9>y day's "w = a task2 & aft] t 0 p]=m$1 ! rema9d] ( ! "t1 if any1 belong$ to ! slave4 ,no wages 7 all[$4 ,! gang 7 expect$ to accompli% j z mu* z !y did be=e1 & to d x z well1 h[ev] long a "t x might require2 & if !y c\ld f9i% 9 half a day1 ! o!r half 0 _! own1 & !y might employ x z !y saw fit4 ,mr4 ,p4 said1 he 0 v soon conv9c$ ( ! good policy ( ! sy/em2 ?\gh he _h "o ( ! mo/ unruly gangs ( negroes to manage 9 ! :ole isl&4 ,! results ( ! exp]im5t he /at$ to be ^!3 #a4 ,! usual day's "w 0 done g5]ally be=e ! middle ( ! aft]noon4 ,sometimes x 0 complet$ 9 five h\rs4 #b4 ,! "w 0 done z well z x 0 ev] done "u ! old sy/em4 ,inde$1 ! e/ate cont9u$ to improve 9 cultivation1 & pres5t$ a f> bett] appe>ance at ! close ( ! tw5ty mon?s ?an :5 he took ! *>ge ( x4 #c4 ,! tr\ble ( managem5t 0 greatly dim9i%$4 ,mr4 ,p4 0 almo/ entirely releas$ f ! c>e ( ov]see+ ! "w3 he c\ld tru/ x to ! slaves4 #d4 ,! :ip 0 entirely laid aside4 ,! idea ( hav+ a "p ( ! day :i* !y c\ld call _! own & employ = _! own int]e/s1 0 /imulus en\gh = ! slaves )\t resort+ to ! :ip4 #e4 ,! "t ga9$ 0 n sp5t 7z _m fe>$ & propheci$ x w\ld be7 ei!r 9 mis*ief or indol5ce4 ,x 0 dilig5tly improv$ 9 cultivat+ _! provision gr\nds1 or work+ = wages on neighbor+ e/ates4 ,frequ5tly a man & 8 wife w\ld comm5ce e>ly & "w toge!r until !y got ! "w ( bo? s f> advanc$ t ! man c\ld f9i% x alone be=e night2 & !n ! woman w\ld ga!r on a load ( yams & />t = ! m>ket4 #f4 ,! condition ( ! p improv$ a/oni%+ly4 ,!y became "o ( ! mo/ indu/ri\s & ord]ly gangs 9 ! p>i%4 ,"u ! =m] sy/em !y 7 consid]$ inadequate to d ! "w ( ! e/ate1 & ! manag] 0 oblig$ to hire additional h&s e ye>1 to take (f ! crop2 b ,mr4 ,p4 nev] hir$ any1 ?\gh he made z l>ge crops z 7 made =m]ly4 #g4 ,aft] ! abolition ( slav]y1 8 p *ose to cont9ue on ! same sy/em ( task "w4 ,mr4 ,p4 /at$ t ! plant]s 7 univ]sally oppos$ to 8 exp]im5t4 ,!y laugh$ at ! idea ( mak+ negroes "w )\t us+ ! :ip2 & !y all prophesi$ t x w\ld prove an utt] failure4 ,aft] "s mon?s' successful trial1 he ask$ "s ( 8 neighbor plant]s :at !y ?\ght ( x !n1 & he appeal$ to ?an to say :e!r he did n get 8 "w done z ?or\ghly & seasonably z !y did !irs4 ,!y 7 compell$ to admit x2 b /ill !y 7 oppos$ to 8 sy/em1 ev5 m ?an ev]4 ,!y call$ x an innovation--x 0 sett+ a bad example2 & !y hone/ly decl>$ t !y did n wi% ! slaves to h any "t ( _! own4 ,mr4 ,p4 said1 he 0 fir/ induc$ to try ! sy/em ( task "w f a consid]ation t ! negroes 7 m5 z well z himself1 & des]v$ to he dealt ) z lib]ally z _! relation w\ld all[4 ,he soon f\nd t :at 0 int5d$ z a favor to ! slaves 0 really a b5efit to ! ma/]4 ,mr4 ,p4 0 p]suad$ t entire fre$om w\ld be bett] = all p>ties ?an appr5tice%ip4 ,he _h he>d "s fe>s express$ conc]n+ ! fate ( ! isl& aft] #ahdj2 b he consid]$ !m v absurd4 ,al?\gh ?is plant] look$ =w>d ) sangu9e hopes to #ahdj1 yet he w\ld freely say t he did n ?9k ! appr5tice%ip w\ld be any prep>ation = entire fre$om4 ,! s+le object ) ! great majority ( ! plant]s seem$ to be to get z mu* out ( ! appr5tices z !y possibly c\ld dur+ ! t]m4 ,no att5tion _h be5 paid to prep>+ ! appr5tices = fre$om4 ,we 7 introduc$ to a plant] :o 0 notori\s dur+ ! reign ( slav]y = ! /rictness ( 8 discipl9e1 to use ! ,b>badian phrase1 or1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 = 8 rigor\s treatm5t & 8 cruelty4 ,he is ! proprietor ( ?ree sug> e/ates & "o cotton plantation 9 ,b>badoes1 on all ( :i* !re are sev5 hundr$ appr5tices4 ,he 0 a luxuri\s look+ p]sonage1 bottle-*eek$ & huge i' ! mid/1 & _h gr[n fat on slavehold+ indulg5ces4 ,he m+l$ ) e s5t5ce he utt]$ "s pr(ane expression1 or solemn appeal to 8 honor1 & seem$ to be greatly delight$ ) he>+ himself talk4 ,he display$ all ^? prejudices :i* might naturally be look$ = 9 a m9d educat$ & tra9$ z 8 _h be54 ,z to ! conduct ( ! appr5tices1 he said !y 7 peaceable & indu/ri\s1 & mo/ly well dispos$4 ,b aft] all1 ! negroes 7 a p]v]se race ( p4 ,x 0 a s+ul> fact1 he said1 t ! sev]] ! ma/]1 ! bett] ! appr5tices4 ,:5 ! ma/] 0 mild & indulg5t1 !y 7 sure to be lazy1 insol5t1 & unfai?ful4 ,he knew ?is by exp]i5ce2 ?is 0 ! case ) 8 appr5tices4 ,8 h\se-s]vants especially 7 v bad4 ,b !re 0 "o compla9t he _h aga9/ !m all1 dome/ics & pra$ials--!y always hold him to ! lett] ( ! law1 & are ready to arraign him be=e ! special magi/rate = e infraction ( x on 8 "p1 h[ev] trifl+4 ,h[ ungrateful1 truly6 ,aft] be+ provid$ = ) p>5tal c>e f e>lie/ infancy1 & suppli$ ye>ly ) two suits ( clo!s1 & z _m yams is !y c\ld eat & only hav+ to "w ?irte5 or fifte5 h\rs p] day 9 return2 & n[ :5 !y are no long] slaves1 & new privileges are conf]r$ to exact !m to ! full ext5t ( ! law :i* secures !m--:at +ratitude6 ,h[ soon are ! k9dnesses ( ! pa/1 & ! h& t be/[$ !m1 =gott56 ,_h ^! p possess$ ! s5tim5ts ( human be+s1 !y w\ld h be5 will+ to take ! boon ( fre$om & lay x at _! ma/]'s feet1 d$icat+ ! rema9d] ( _! days to 8 discretion>y s]vice6 ,b ) all 8 viol5t prejudices1 ?is plant] /at$ "s facts :i* are highly favorable to ! appr5tices4 #a4 ,he frankly ackn[l$g$ t 8 e/ates 7 nev] "u bett] cultivation ?an at ! pres5t "t3 & he c\ld say ! same ( ! e/ates ?r\gh\t ! isl&4 ,! l>ge/ crops t h ev] be5 made1 w he realiz$ ?is ye>4 #b4 ,! appr5tices are g5]ally will+ to "w on ! e/ates on ,saturday :5ev] _! labor is ne$$4 #c4 ,! females are v mu* dispos$ to ab&on field labor4 ,he has great difficulty sometimes 9 induc+ !m to take _! hoes & g out to ! field along ) ! m52 x 0 ! case p>ticul>ly ) ! mo!rs6 ,?is he reg>d$ z a sore evil6 #d4 ,! free *ildr5 he repres5t$ z be+ 9 a wret*$ condition4 ,_! p>5ts h ! entire managem5t ( !m1 an !y are utt]ly oppos$ to hav+ !m employ$ on ! e/ates4 ,he condemn$ sev]ely ! c\rse tak5 9 a p>ticul> in/ance by ! late ,gov]nor1 ,sir ,lionel ,smi?4 ,he took x ^u himself to g ar\nd ! isl& & advise ! p>5ts nev] to b9d _! *ildr5 9 any k9d ( appr5tice%ip to ! plant]s4 ,he told !m t soon] ?an involve _! free *ildr5 9 any way1 !y ought to "w _! own f+]s to ! /ubs4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is imprud5t measure1 said our in=mant1 is t ! plant]s h no control ov] ! *ildr5 born on _! e/ates2 & 9 _m in/ances _! p>5ts h s5t !m away le/ _! resid5ce on ! prop]ty %\ld1 by "s *ance1 give ! plant] a claim ^u _! s]vices4 ,"u ! good old sy/em ! "y *ildr5 7 plac$ toge!r "u ! *>ge ( "s sup]annuat$ wom51 :o 7 fit = no?+ else1 & ! mo!rs w5t into ! field to "w2 n[ ! nurs]y is brok5 up1 & ! mo!rs sp5d half ( _! "t 9 tak+ c>e ( _! brats4 #e4 ,z to ! managem5t ( ! work+ p1 !re ne$ n he any m difficulty n[ !n dur+ slav]y4 ,if ! magi/rates1 in/ead ( enc\rag+ ! appr5tices to compla9 & be insol5t1 w\ld jo9 _! influ5ce to support ! au?ority ( ! plant]s1 ?+s might g on ne>ly z smoo?ly z be=e4 ,9 company ) ,rev4 ,mr4 ,pack]1 late ,rector ( ,/4 ,?omas1 we rode out to ! ,belle e/ate1 :i* is consid]$ "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! isl&4 ,mr4 ,m>%all1 ! manag]1 receiv$ u cordially4 ,he 0 select$1 ) two o!rs1 by ,sir ,lionel ,smi?1 to draw up a scale ( labor = g5]al use 9 ! isl&4 ,!re are five hundr$ acres 9 ! e/ate1 & two hundr$ & ?irty-five appr5tic$ labor]s4 ,! manag] /at$ t e ?+ 0 work+ well on 8 prop]ty4 ,he corroborat$ ! /atem5ts made by o!r plant]s ) ret>d to ! conduct ( ! appr5tices4 ,on "o po9t he said ! plant]s _h f\nd !mselves greatly disappo9t$4 ,x 0 fe>$ t aft] emancipation ! negroes w\ld be v mu* v]se to cultivat+ cane1 z x 0 suppos$ t no?+ b ! :ip c\ld induce !m to p]=m t species ( labor4 ,b ! tru? is1 !y n[ n only cultivate ! e/ate l&s bett] ?an !y did :5 "u ! la%1 b also cultivate a ?ird ( _! half-acre allotm5ts 9 cane on _! own acc\nts4 ,!y w\ld plant ! :ole 9 cane if !y 7 n disc\rag$ by ! plant]1 ^: pr9cipal objection to _! do+ s is t x w\ld lead to ! entire neglect ( provision cultivation4 ,! appr5tices on ,belle e/ate w make little %ort ( "o ?\s& doll>s ! pres5t season by _! sug>4 ,mr4 ,m4 /at$ t he 0 ext5sively acqua9t$ ) ! cultivation ( ! isl&1 & he knew t x 0 9 a bett] condition ?an x _h be5 = _m ye>s4 ,!re 7 tw5ty-f\r e/ates "u ! same attorney%ip ) ! ,belle1 & !y 7 all 9 ! same prosp]\s condition4 ,a %ort "t be=e we left ,b>badoes we receiv$ an invitation f ,col4 ,b>r[1 to breakfa/ ) him at 8 resid5ce on ,edgecome e/ate--ab\t eight miles f t[n4 ,mr4 ,cumm9s1 a color$ g5tleman1 a m]*ant ( ,bridget[n1 & ag5t ( ,col4 ,b41 accompani$ u4 ,! proprietor ( ,edgecome is a native ( ,b>badoes1 ( poli%$ mann]s & v lib]al views4 ,he has travell$ ext5sively1 has held _m important (fices1 & is g5]ally consid]$ ! clev]e/ man 9 ! isl&4 ,he is n[ a memb] ( ! c\ncil1 & act+ attorney = ab\t tw5ty e/ates4 ,he rem>k$ t he _h always desir$ emancipation1 & _h prep>$ himself = x2 b t x _h prov$ a great] bless+ ?an he _h expect$4 ,8 appr5tices did z mu* "w z be=e1 & x 0 done )\t ! application ( ! :ip4 ,he _h n _h any cases ( insubord9ation1 & x 0 v seldom t he _h any compla9ts to make to ! special magi/rate4 ,! appr5tices4 said he1 und]/& ! mean+ ( law1 & !y reg>d its au?ority4 ,he ?\ght !re 0 no su* ?+ 9 ! isl& z a s5se ( insecurity1 ei!r z respect$ p]son or prop]ty4 ,real e/ate _h ris5 9 value4 ,col4 ,b4 allud$ to ! exp5siv5ess ( slav]y1 rem>k+ t aft] all t 0 exp5d$ 9 pur*as+ ! slaves1 x co/ ! proprietor z mu* to ma9ta9 !m1 z x w\ld to hire free m54 ,he spoke ( ! habit ( ex]cis+ arbitr>y p[]1 :i* be+ 9 cont9ual play up to ! "t ( abolition1 _h become s /rong t manag]s ev5 yet gave way to x1 & frequ5tly puni%$ _! appr5tices1 9 spite ( all p5alties4 ,! f9es inflict$ ?r\gh\t ! isl& 9 #ahcf1 ^u plant]s1 ov]se]s1 & o!rs1 = puni%+ appr5tices1 am\nt$ to "o ?\s& two hundr$ doll>s4 ,col4 ,b4 said t he f\nd ! legal p5alty s inadequate1 t 9 8 own practice he 0 oblig$ to resort to o!r means to det] 8 book-keep]s & ov]se]s f viol5ce2 h5ce he dis*>g$ e man "u 8 control :o 0 kn[n to /rike an appr5tice4 ,he does n ?9k t ! appr5tice%ip w be a means ( prep>+ ! negroes = fre$om1 nor does he believe t !y ne$ any prep>ation4 ,he %\ld h appreh5d$ no dang]1 _h emancipation tak5 place 9 #ahcd4 ,at n9e o'clock we sat d[n to breakfa/4 ,our places 7 assign$ at opposite sides ( ! table1 betwe5 ,col4 ,b4 & ,mr4 ,c4 ,to an ,am]ican eye1 we pres5t$ a s+ul> spectacle4 ,a weal?y plant]1 a memb] ( ! legislative c\ncil1 sitt+ at ! breakfa/ table ) a color$ man1 ^: "m 0 a negress ( ! mo/ unmitigat$ hue1 & :o himself %[$ a head ( hair z curly z 8 "m's6 ,b ?is color$ gue/ 0 treat$ ) all t c\rtesy & att5tion to :i* 8 intellig5ce1 wor? & accompli%$ mann]s s ju/ly entitle him4 ,ab\t noon1 we left ,edgecome1 & drove two miles f>!r1 to ,horton--an e/ate own$ by ,fo/] ,cl>ke1 ,esq41 an attorney = tw5ty-two e/ates1 :o is n[ tempor>ily resid+ 9 ,engl&4 ,! intellig5t manag] ( ,horton receiv$ u & our color$ companion1 ) *>act]i/ic hospitality4 ,l e "o else1 he told u t ! appr5tice%ip 0 f> bett] ?an slav]y1 ?\gh he 0 look+ =w>d to ! /ill bett] sy/em1 entire fre$om4 ,aft] we _h tak5 a lun*1 ,mr4 ,cumm9s invit$ our ho/ to take a seat1 ) u 9 8 c>riage1 & we drove across ! c\ntry to ,drax ,hall4 ,drax ,hall is ! l>ge/ e/ate 9 ! isl&--consi/+ ( eight hundr$ acres4 ,! manag] ( ?is e/ate confirm$ ! te/imony ( ! ,b>badian plant]s 9 e important p>ticul>4 ,f ,drax ,hall we return$ to ,bridget[n1 accompani$ by our fri5d ,cumm9s4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,special ,,magi/rates1 ,,police ,,(fic]s1 ,,cl]gym51 ,,& ,,mission>ies4 ,next 9 weight to ! te/imony ( ! plant]s is t ( ! special magi/rates4 ,be+ (ficially connect$ ) ! adm9i/ration ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em1 & tire adjudicators 9 all difficulties betwe5 ma/] & s]vant1 _! views ( ! sy/em & ( ! conduct ( ! diff]5t p>ties are entitl$ to special consid]ation4 ,our int]views ) ?is class ( m5 7 frequ5t dur+ our /ay 9 ! isl&4 ,we f\nd !m uni=mly ready to communicate in=mation1 & free to express _! s5tim5ts4 ,9 ,b>badoes !re are sev5 special magi/rates1 presid+ ov] z _m di/ricts1 m>k$ ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 c41 :i* include ! :ole ( ! appr5tice population1 pra$ial & non-pra$ial4 ,^! di/ricts embrace an av]age ( twelve ?\s& appr5tices--"s m & "s less4 ,all ! compla9ts & difficulties :i* arise among t numb] ( appr5tices & _! ma/]s1 ov]se]s & book-keep]s1 are br\ght be=e ! s+le magi/rate presid+ 9 ! di/rict 9 :i* !y occur4 ,f ! /atem5t ( ?is fact x w appe> 9 ! outset ei!r t ! special magi/rates h an incalculable am\nt ( bus9ess to transact1 or t ! conduct ( ! appr5tices is wond]fully peaceable4 ,b m ( ?is aga94 ,ab\t a week foll[+ our fir/ int]view ) 8 excell5cy1 ,sir ,evan ,mc,cregor1 we receiv$ an invitation to d9e at ,gov]nm5t ,h\se ) a company ( g5tlem54 ,on our arrival at six o'clock1 we 7 conduct$ into a l>ge ante*amb] above ! d9+ hall1 :]e we 7 soon jo9$ by ! ,solicitor-,g5]al1 ,hon4 ,r4,b4 ,cl>ke4 ,dr4 ,cl>ke1 a physician1 ,maj4 ,col?ur/1 ,capt4 ,hamilton1 & ,mr4 ,gall[ay1 special magi/rates4 ,! appe>ance ( ! ,gov]nor ab\t an h\r aft]w>ds1 0 ! signal = an adj\rnm5t to d9n]4 ,slav]y & emancipation 7 ! engross+ topics dur+ ! ev5+4 ,z our conv]sation 0 = ! mo/ "p g5]al1 we 7 enabl$ to ga!r at ! same "t ! op9ions ( all ! p]sons pres5t4 ,!re 01 = aught we he>d or c\ld see to ! contr>y1 an entire unanimity ( s5tim5t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ev5+ we ga!r$ ! foll[+ facts & te/imony3 #a4 ,all ! company te/ifi$ to ! b5efits ( abolition4 ,x 0 affirm$ t ! isl& 0 nev] 9 s prosp]\s a condition z at pres5t4 #b4 ,! e/ates g5]ally are bett] cultivat$ ?an !y 7 dur+ slav]y4 ,said "o ( ! magi/rates3 ,if1 g5tlem51 y w\ld see = y\rselves ! evid5ces ( our successful cultivation1 y ne$ b to travel 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry1 & view ! sup]abundant crops :i* are n[ be+ tak5 (f2 & if y w\ld satisfy y\rselves t emancipation has n be5 ru9\s to ,b>badoes1 only ca/ y\r eyes ov] ! l& 9 any direction1 & see ! fl\ri%+ condition bo? ( h\ses & fields3 e ?+ is />t+ into new life4 ,x z also /at$ t m "w 0 done dur+ ! n9e h\rs requir$ by law1 ?an 0 done dur+ slav]y 9 twelve or fifte5 h\rs1 ) all ! driv+ & goad+ :i* 7 !n practis$4 #c4 ,(f5ces h n increas$1 b r less5$4 ,! ,solicitor-,g5]al rem>k$1 t ! comp>ative /ate ( crime c\ld n be asc]ta9$ by a m]e ref]5ce to /ati/ical records1 s9ce previ\s to emancipation all (f5ces 7 summ>ily puni%$ by ! plant]4 ,ea* e/ate 0 a little despotism1 & ! manag] took cognizance ( all ! misdemeanors committ$ among 8 slaves --inflict+ su* puni%m5t z he ?\ght prop]4 ,! public knew no?+ ab\t ! (f5ces ( ! slaves1 unless some?+ v atroci\s 0 committ$4 ,b s9ce emancipation has tak5 place1 all (f5ces1 h[ev] trivial1 come to ! light & are record$4 ,he c\ld only give a judgm5t f\nd$ on obs]vation4 ,x 0 8 op9ion1 t !re 7 few] petty (f5ces1 su* z !fts1 l>c5ies1 c41 ?an dur+ slav]y4 ,z = s]i\s crime1 x 0 h>dly kn[n 9 ! isl&4 ,! :ites enjoy f> great] safety ( p]son & prop]ty ?an !y did =m]ly4 ,maj4 ,col?ur/1 :o is an ,iri%man1 rem>k$1 t he _h long be5 a magi/rate or ju/ice ( ! peace 9 ,irel&1 & he 0 c]ta9 t at ! pres5t ratio ( crime 9 ,b>badoes1 !re w\ld n be z mu* p]petrat$ 9 six ye>s to come1 z !re is 9 ,irel& among an equal population 9 six mon?s4 ,= 8 "p1 he _h nev] f\nd 9 any "p ( ! _w s peaceable & in(f5sive a community4 #d4 ,x 0 ! unanim\s te/imony t !re 0 no disposition among ! appr5tices to rev5ge injuries committ$ aga9/ !m4 ,!y are n a rev5geful p1 b on ! contr>y are rem>kable = =gett+ wrongs1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! are succe$$ by k9dness4 #e4 ,! appr5tices 7 describ$ z be+ g5]ally civil & respectful t[>d _! employ]s4 ,!y 7 said to manife/ m indep5d5ce ( feel+ & action ?an !y did :5 slaves2 b 7 seldom kn[n to be insol5t unless grossly insult$ or v h>%ly us$4 #f4 ,ample te/imony 0 giv5 to ! law-abid+ "* ( ! negroes4 ,:5 ! appr5tice%ip sy/em 0 fir/ introduc$1 !y did n fully compreh5d its provisions1 & z !y _h anticipat$ entire fre$om1 !y 7 disappo9t$ & dissatisfi$4 ,b 9 a little :ile !y became reconcil$ to ! op]ations ( ! new sy/em1 & h s9ce manife/$ a due subord9ation to ! laws & au?orities4 #g4 ,!re is great desire manife/$ among !m to pur*ase _! fre$om4 ,n a week passes )\t a numb] ( appraisem5ts4 ,^? :o h pur*as$ _! fre$om h g5]ally conduct$ well1 & 9 _m in/ances are labor+ on ! same e/ates on :i* !y 7 slaves4 #h4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 induc+ ! appr5tices to "w on ,saturday4 ,!y are usually will+ to "w if prop] wages are giv5 !m4 ,if !y are n ne$$ on ! e/ates1 !y ei!r "w on _! own gr\nds1 or on "s neighbor+ e/ate4 #i4 ,! special magi/rates 7 all ( ! op9ion t x w\ld h be5 entirely safe to h emancipat$ ! slaves ( ,b>badoes 9 #ahcd4 ,!y did n believe t any prep>ation 0 ne$$2 b t entire emancipation w\ld h be5 decid$ly bett] ?an ! appr5tice%ip4 #aj4 ,! magi/rates also /at$ t ! numb] ( compla9ts br\ght be=e !m 0 comp>atively small1 & x 0 gradually dim9i%+4 ,! (f5ces 7 ( a v trivial nature1 mo/ly cases ( slight insubord9ation1 su* z imp]t95t replies & disob$i5ce ( ord]s4 #aa4 ,!y /at$ t !y _h m tr\ble ) petty ov]se]s & manag]s & small proprietors ?an ) ! entire black population4 #ab4 ,! special magi/rates fur!r te/ifi$ t :]ev] ! plant]s h ex]cis$ common k9dness & humanity1 ! appr5tices h g5]ally conduct$ peaceably4 ,:5ev] !re are _m compla9ts f "o e/ate1 x is presumable t ! manag] is a bad man4 #ac4 ,real e/ate is mu* high] ?r\gh\t ! isl& ?an x has be5 = _m ye>s4 ,a magi/rate said t he _h he>d ( an e/ate :i* _h be5 9 m>ket = t5 ye>s be=e abolition & c\ld n f9d a pur*as]4 ,9 #ahce1 ! ye> foll[+ abolition1 x 0 sold = "o ?ird m ?an 0 ask$ = x two ye>s be=e4 #ad4 ,x 0 /at$ t !re 0 n a proprietor 9 ! isl&1 ^: op9ion 0 ( any wor?1 :o w\ld wi% to h slav]y re/or$4 ,^? :o 7 mo/ly bitt]ly oppos$ to abolition1 h become reconcil$1 & are satisfi$ t ! *ange has be5 b5eficial4 ,! ,solicitor-,g5]al 0 c&id en\gh to own t he himself 0 op5ly oppos$ to emancipation4 ,he _h decl>$ publicly & repeat$ly :ile ! measure 0 p5d+ 9 ,p>liam5t1 t abolition w\ld ru9 ! colonies4 ,b ! results _h prov$ s diff]5t t he 0 a%am$ ( 8 =m] =ebod+s4 ,he _h no desire ev] to see slav]y re-e/abli%$4 #ae4 ,! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 0 describ$ z a day ( rem>kable quiet & tranquillity4 ,! ,solicitor-,g5]al rem>k$1 t !re 7 _m fe>s = ! results ( t fir/ day ( abolition4 ,he said he arose e>ly t morn+1 & be=e eight o'clock rode ?r\gh ! mo/ popul\s "p ( ! isl&1 ov] an ext5t ( twelve miles4 ,! negroes 7 all engag$ 9 _! "w z on o!r days4 ,a /rang] rid+ ?r\gh ! isl&1 & ignorant ( ! ev5t :i* _h tak5 place t morn+1 w\ld h obs]v$ no indications ( s extraord9>y a *ange4 ,he return$ home satisfi$ t all w\ld "w well4 #af4 ,! *ange 9 #ahdj 0 spok5 ( z be+ associat$ ) ! mo/ sangu9e expectations4 ,x 0 ?\ght t !re 0 m dang] to be appreh5d$ f ! *ange 9 #ahcd4 ,x 0 /at$ t !re 7 ab\t fifte5 ?\s& non-pra$ials1 :o w\ld !n be emancipat$ 9 ,b>badoes4 ,?is w mo/ likely prove ! occasion ( mu* excitem5t & uneas9ess1 ?\gh x is n suppos$ t any ?+ s]i\s w arise4 ,! hope 0 express$ t ! legislature w\ld effect ! emancipation ( ! :ole population at t "t4 ,"o ( ! magi/rates in=m$ u t he knew q a numb] ( plant]s 9 8 di/rict :o 7 will+ to lib]ate _! appr5tices imm$iately1 b !y 7 wait+ = a g5]al movem5t4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ?is /ate ( feel+ 0 some:at ext5sive4 #ag4 ,! magi/rates repres5t$ ! negroes z naturally confid+ & docile1 yield+ readily to ! au?ority ( ^? :o are plac$ ov] !m4 ,maj4 ,col?ur/ presides ov] a di/rict ( #i1jjj appr5tices2 ,capt4 ,hamilton ov] a di/rict ( #ac1jjj1 & ,mr4 ,gall[ay ov] ! same numb]4 ,!re are b ?ree days 9 ! week devot$ to he>+ & settl+ compla9ts4 ,x is v evid5t t 9 s %ort a "t x w\ld be utt]ly impossible = "o man to control & keep 9 ord] su* a numb]1 unless ! subjects 7 ( !mselves dispos$ to be peaceable & submissive4 ,! magi/rates in=m$ u t1 not)/&+ ! ext5t ( _! di/ricts1 !y (t5 did n h m ?an f a doz5 to fifte5 compla9ts 9 a week4 ,we 7 highly gratifi$ ) ! lib]al _s & ! intellig5ce ( ! special magi/rates4 ,major ,col?ur/ is a g5tleman ( f> m ?an ord9>y pret5sions to ref9em5t & g5]al in=mation4 ,he 0 9 e>ly life a ju/ice ( ! peace 9 ,irel&1 he 0 aft]w>ds a juror 9 8 ,maje/y's s]vice1 & )al1 has be5 an ext5sive travell]4 ,fifte5 ye>s ago he travell$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & pass$ ?r\gh sev]al ( ! slavehold+ /ates1 :]e he 0 %ock$ ) ! abom9ations ( slav]y4 ,he 0 p]suad$ t slav]y 0 worse 9 our c\ntry1 ?an x has be5 = _m ye>s 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,capta9 ,hamilton 0 =m]ly an (fic] 9 ! ,briti% navy4 ,he seems q devot$ to 8 bus9ess1 & atta*$ to ! int]e/s ( ! appr5tices4 ,mr4 ,gall[ay is a color$ g5tleman1 highly respect$ = 8 tal5ts4 ,mr4 ,g4 in=m$ u t prejudice aga9/ color 0 rapidly dim9i%+--& t ! pres5t ,gov]nor 0 do+ all 9 8 p[] to disc\nt5ance x4 ,! company spoke repeat$ly ( ! noble act ( abolition1 by :i* ,great ,brita9 _h immortaliz$ h] "n m ?an by all ! a*ievem5ts ( h] armies & navies4 ,! w>me/ wi%es 7 express$ = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,all said !y %\ld rejoice :5 ! desc5dants ( ,great ,brita9 %\ld adopt ! noble example ( _! "m c\ntry4 ,!y hail$ ! pres5t anti-slav]y movem5ts4 ,said ! ,solicitor-,g5]al1 ,we 7 once /rangely oppos$ to ! ,engli% anti-slav]y p>ty1 b n[ we sympa?ize ) y4 ,s9ce slav]y is aboli%$ to our own colonies1 & we see ! good :i* results f ! measure1 we g = abolition ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,g on1 g5tlem51 we are ) y2 we are all sail+ 9 ! same vessel4 ,be+ k9dly invit$ by ,capta9 ,hamilton1 dur+ our int]view ) him at ! gov]nm5t h\se1 to call on him & att5d 8 c\rt1 we avail$ ourselves ( 8 invitation a few days aft]w>ds4 ,we left ,bridget[n aft] breakfa/1 & z x *anc$ to be ,saturday1 we _h a f9e opportunity ( see+ ! p com+ into m>ket4 ,!y 7 /rung all along ! road = six miles1 s closely1 t !re 0 sc>cely a m9ute at any "t 9 :i* we did n pass !m4 ,z f> z ! eye c\ld rea* !re 7 files ( m5 & wom51 mov+ peaceably =w>d4 ,f ! cross pa?s lead+ ?r\gh ! e/ates1 ! busy m>ket]s 7 p\r+ into ! highway4 ,to _! heads z usual 0 committ$ ! safe conveyance ( ! v>i\s commodities4 ,x 0 amus+ to obs]ve ! almo/ inf9ite div]sity ( products :i* load$ !m4 ,!re 7 sweet potatoes1 yams1 eddoes1 ,gu9ea & ,indian corn1 v>i\s fruits & b]ries1 vegetables1 nuts1 cakes1 bottl$ be] & empty bottles1 bundles ( sug> cane1 bundles ( fire wood1 c4 c4 ,"h 0 "o woman 7! majority 7 females1 z usual ) ! m>ket]s 9 ^! isl&s7 ) a small black pig d\bl$ up "u h] arm4 ,ano!r girl _h a brood ( "y *ick5s1 ) ne/1 coop1 & all1 on h] head4 ,fur!r along ! road we 7 specially attract$ by a woman :o 0 trudg+ ) an imm5se turkey elevat$ on h] head4 ,he q fill$ ! tray2 head & tail project+ beyond its b\nds4 ,he advanc$1 z 0 v prop]1 head =emo/1 & x 0 irresi/ibly laughable to see him ev] & anon /ret* out 8 neck & peep "u ! tray1 z ?\gh he w\ld discov] by :at mann] ( locomotive x 0 t he got along s fa/ :ile 8 own legs 7 ti$ toge!r4 ,( ! hundr$s :om we pa/1 !re 7 v few :o 7 n well dress$1 heal?y1 & app>5tly 9 good spirits4 ,we saw no?+ indecor\s1 he>d no vile language1 & witness$ no viol5ce4 ,ab\t f\r miles f t[n1 we obs]v$ on ! side ( ! road a small grove ( %ade trees4 ,numb]s ( ! m>ket]s 7 seat$ !re1 or ly+ 9 ! cool %ade ) _! trays beside !m4 ,x seem$ to be a sort ( r5dezv\s place1 :]e ^? go+ to1 & ^? return+ f t[n1 occasionally halt = a "t = ! purpose ( re/+1 & to tell & he> news conc]n+ ! /ate ( ! m>ket4 ,& :y %\ld n ^! travell+ m]*ants h an ex*ange z well z ! /ation>y ones ( ,bridget[n8 ,on rea*+ ! /ation-h\se1 :i* is ab\t six miles f t[n1 we le>n$ t ,saturday 0 n "o ( ! c\rt days4 ,we accord+ly drove to ,capta9 ,hamilton's resid5ce4 ,he /at$ t dur+ ! week he _h only six cases ( compla9t among ! ?irte5 ?\s& appr5tices embrac$ 9 8 di/rict4 ,saturday is ! day set ap>t = ! appr5tices to visit him at 8 h\se = advice on any po9ts connect$ ) _! duties4 ,he _h sev]al calls :ile we 7 ) him4 ,"o 0 f ! "m ( an appr5tice girl :o _h be5 committ$ = injur+ ! ma/]'s son4 ,%e came to in=m ,capta9 ,h4 t ! girl _h be5 :ipp$ twice contr>y to law1 be=e h] commitm5t4 ,capta9 ,h4 /at$ t ! girl _h said no?+ ab\t ?is at ! "t ( h] trial2 if %e _h1 %e w\ld 9 all probability h be5 set free1 in/ead ( be+ committ$ to prison4 ,he rem>k$ t he _h no "q b !re 7 num]\s cases ( flogg+ on ! e/ates :i* nev] came to light4 ,! suff]]s 7 afraid to in=m aga9/ _! ma/]s1 le/ !y %\ld be treat$ /ill worse4 ,! opportunity :i* he gave !m ( com+1 to him "o day 9 ! week = private advice1 0 ! means ( expos+ _m outrages :i* w\ld o!rwise he unhe>d (3 ,he obs]v$ t !re 7 n a few :om he _h lib]at$ on acc\nt ( ! cruelty ( _! ma/]s4 ,capta9 ,h4 /at$ t ! appr5tices 7 mu* dispos$ to pur*ase _! fre$om4 ,to obta9 money to pay = !mselves !y practice ! mo/ sev]e economy & self-d5ial 9 ! v few indulg5ces :i* ! law grants !m4 ,!y sometimes resort to deception to depreciate _! value ) ! apprais]s4 ,he m5tion$ an in/ance ( a man :o lead = _m ye>s be5 an ov]se] on a l>ge e/ate4 ,wi%+ to pur*ase himself1 & kn[+ t 8 ma/] valu$ him v highly1 he p]mitt$ 8 be>d to gr[2 gave 8 face a wr9kl$ & hagg>d appe>ance1 & b\nd a h&k]*ief ab\t 8 head4 ,8 clo!s 7 suff]$ to become ragg$ & dirty1 & he began to feign great weakness 9 8 limbs1 & to compla9 ( a mis]y all d[n 8 back4 ,he soon appe>$ m>k$ ) all ! signs ( old age & decrepitude4 ,9 ?is plight1 & lean+ on a /ick1 he hobbl$ up to ! /ation-h\se "o day1 & reque/$ to be apprais$4 ,he 0 apprais$ at #aj1 :i* he imm$iately paid4 ,a %ort "t aft]w>ds1 he engag$ himself to a proprietor to manage a small e/ate = #cj p] ye> 9 ca% & 8 own ma9t5ance1 all at once grew vigor\s aga92 & is prosp]+ f9ely4 ,_m ( ! ma/]s 9 turn practice deception to prev5t ! appr5tices f buy+ !mselves1 or to make !m pay ! v highe/ sum = _! fre$om4 ,!y extol _! virtues--!y are e ?+ t is excell5t & valuable--_! s]vices on ! e/ate are indisp5sable no "o c fill _! places4 ,by su* misrepres5tations !y (t5 get an exorbitant price = ! rema9d] ( ! t]m--m1 sometimes1 ?an !y c\ld h obta9$ = !m = life :ile !y 7 slaves4 ,f ,capta9 ,h4's we return$ to ! /ation-h\se1 ! keep] ( :i* conduct$ u ov] ! build+s1 & %[$ u ! cells ( ! prison4 ,! h\se conta9s ! (fice & private room ( ! magi/rate1 & ! gu>d-room1 bel[1 & *amb]s = ! police m5 above4 ,!re are sixte5 solit>y cells1 & two l>ge rooms = ^? condemn$ to h>d lab\r--"o = females & ! o!r = males4 ,!re 7 at t "t sev5 9 ! solit>y cells1 & tw5ty-f\r employ$ 9 labor on ! roads4 ,?is is m ?an usual4 ,! av]age numb] is tw5ty 9 all4 ,:5 x is consid]$ t mo/ ( ! commitm5ts are = trivial (f5ces1 & t ! di/rict conta9s ?irte5 ?\s& appr5tices1 c]ta9ly we h gr\nds to conclude t ! /ate ( morals 9 ,b>badoes is decid$ly sup]ior to t 9 our own c\ntry4 ,! :ole police =ce = ?is di/rict is compos$ ( sev5te5 horsem51 f\r footm51 a s]geant1 & ! keep]4 ,x 0 =m]ly great] b has be5 r$uc$ )9 ! pa/ ye>4 ,! keep] in=m$ u t he f\nd ! appr5tices1 plac$ "u 8 c>e1 v easily controll$4 ,!y sometimes attempt to escape2 b !re has be5 no in/ance ( revolt or insubord9ation4 ,! isl&1 he said1 0 peaceable1 & 7 x n = ! petty compla9ts ( ! ov]se]s1 ne>ly ! :ole police =ce might be disb&$4 ,z = insurrection1 he laugh$ at ! idea ( x4 ,x 0 fe>$ be=e abolition1 b n[ no "o ?\ght ( x4 ,all b two or ?ree ( ! policem5 at ?is /ation are black & color$ m54 ,,/ation-,,h\se ,,at ,,di/rict ,a4 ,be+ disappo9t$ 9 our expectations ( witness+ "s trials at ! /ation-h\se 9 ,capta9 ,hamilton's di/rict 7,b17 we visit$ ! c\rt 9 di/rict ,a1 :]e ,major ,col?ur/ presides4 ,major ,c4 0 9 ! mid/ ( a trial :5 we ent]$1 & we did n le>n fully ! nature ( ! case !n p5d+4 ,we 7 imm$iately invit$ )9 ! b>1 :5ce we _h a fair view ( all t pass$4 ,!re 7 sev]al compla9ts made & tri$1 dur+ our /ay4 ,we give a brief acc\nt ( !m1 z !y w s]ve z specim5s ( ! cases usually br\ght be=e ! special magi/rates4 ,i4 ,! fir/ 0 a compla9t made by a color$ lady1 app>5tly n m ?an tw5ty1 aga9/ a color$ girl--h] dome/ic appr5tice4 ,! *>ge 0 insol5ce1 & disob$i5ce ( ord]s4 ,! compla9ant said t ! girl 0 exce$+ly insol5t--no "o c\ld imag9e h[ insol5t %e _h be5--x 0 beyond endurance4 ,%e seem$ :olly unable to f9d words en\gh to express ! sup]lative insol5ce ( h] s]vant4 ,! ju/ice reque/$ h] to p>ticul>ize4 ,^u ?is1 %e br\ght out sev]al specific *>ges su* z1 fir/1 ,t ! girl br\ght a c&le to h] "o ev5+1 & wip$ h] greasy f+]s on h] 7! girl's7 g[n3 second1 ,t "o morn+ %e refus$ to br+ "s w>m wat]1 z comm&$1 to p\r on a piece ( flannel1 until %e _h f9i%$ "s o!r "w t %e 0 do+ at ! "t2 ?ird1 ,t ! same morn+ %e delay$ com+ into h] *amb] z usual to dress h]1 & :5 %e did come1 %e sung1 & on be+ told to %ut h] m\?1 %e repli$ t h] m\? 0 h] own1 & t %e w\ld s+ :5 %e pleas$2 & f\r?1 ,t %e _h said 9 h] mi/ress's he>+ t %e w\ld be glad :5 %e 0 fre$4 ,^! sev]al *>ges be+ sworn to1 ! girl 0 s5t5c$ to f\r days' solit>y conf9em5t1 b at ! reque/ ( h] mi/ress1 %e 0 dis*>g$ on promise ( am5dm5t4 ,,ii4 ,! second compla9t 0 aga9/ an appr5tice-man by 8 ma/]1 = abs5ce f "w4 ,he _h leave to g to ! fun]al ( 8 "m1 & he did n return until aft] ! "t all[$ him by 8 ma/]4 ,! man 0 s5t5ce to imprisonm5t4 ,,iii4 ,! ?ird compla9t 0 aga9/ a woman = s++ & mak+ a di/urbance 9 ! field4 ,s5t5c$ to six days' solit>y conf9em5t4 ,,iv4 ,an appr5tice 0 br\ght up = n do+ 8 "w well4 ,he 0 a mason1 & 0 employ$ 9 erect+ an ar* on "o ( ! public roads4 ,?is case excit$ consid]able int]e/4 ,! appr5tice 0 repres5t$ by 8 ma/] to be a pra$ial--! ma/] te/ifi$ on oa? t he 0 regi/]$ z a pra$ial2 b 9 ! c\rse ( ! exam9ation x 0 prov$ t he _h always be5 a mason2 t he _h labor$ at t trade f 8 boyhood1 & t he knew 'no?+ ab\t ! hoe1' hav+ nev] work$ an h\r 9 ! field4 ,?is 0 suffici5t to prove t he 0 a non-pra$ial1 & ( c\rse entitl$ to lib]ty two ye>s soon] ?an he w\ld h be5 z a pra$ial4 ,z ?is matt] came up incid5tally1 x enrag$ ! ma/] exce$+ly4 ,he fi]cely reit]at$ 8 *>ge aga9/ ! appr5tice1 :o1 on 8 "p1 av]r$ t he did 8 "w z well z he c\ld4 ,! ma/] manife/$ ! greate/ excitem5t & fury dur+ ! trial4 ,at "o "t1 because ! appr5tice disput$ "o ( 8 ass]tions1 he rais$ 8 cl5*$ fi/ ov] him1 & ?reat5$1 ) an oa?1 to knock him d[n4 ,! magi/rate 0 oblig$ to ?reat5 him sev]ely be=e he w\ld keep quiet4 ,! def5dant 0 ord]$ to prison to be tri$ ! next day1 "t be+ giv5 to make fur!r inquiries ab\t 8 be+ a pra$ial4 ,v4 ,! next case 0 a compla9t aga9/ an appr5tice1 = leav+ 8 place 9 ! boil+ h\se )\t ask+ p]mission4 ,x appe>$ t he _h be5 unwell dur+ ! ev5+1 & at half pa/ t5 o'clock at night1 be+ attack$ m sev]ely1 he left = a few mom5ts1 expect+ to return4 ,he1 h[ev]1 0 soon tak5 s ill t ! c\ld n g back1 b 0 oblig$ to lie d[n on ! gr\nd1 :]e he rema9$ until twelve o'clock1 :5 he recov]$ suffici5tly to creep home4 ,8 sickness 0 prov$ by a fell[ appr5tice1 & inde$ 8 appe>ance at ! b> cle>ly ev9c$ x4 ,he 0 puni%$ by sev]al days imprisonm5t4 ,) no little a/oni%m5t 9 view ( su* a decision1 we inquir$ ( ,maj4 ,c4 :e!r ! plant]s _h ! p[] to require _! p to "w z late z half pa/ t5 at night4 ,he repli$1 ,c]ta9ly1 ! crops mu/ be secur$ at any rate1 & if !y are suff]+1 ! p mu/ be press$ ! h>d]4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,we le>n$ subsequ5tly f v>i\s au!ntic s\rces1 t ! ma/] has n ! p[] to compel 8 appr5tices to labor m ?an n9e h\rs p] day on any condition1 except 9 case ( a fire1 or "s simil> em]g5cy4 ,if ! call = labor 9 crop-"t 0 to be set d[n z an em]g5cy simil> to a fire1 & if 9 (ficial decisions he took equal latitude1 alas = ! poor appr5tices6 ,,vi4 ,! la/ case 0 a compla9t aga9/ a man = n keep+ up good fires "u ! boil]s4 ,he /\tly d5i$ ! *>ge2 said he built z good fires z he c\ld4 ,he kept /uff+ 9 ! tra%1 & if x w\ld n burn he c\ld n help x4 ,he 0 s5t5c$ to imprisonm5t4 ,maj4 ,c4 said t ^! compla9ts 7 a fair specim5 ( ! cases t came up daily1 save t !re 7 _m m frivol\s & ridicul\s4 ,by ! trials :i* we witness$ we 7 pa9fully impress$ ) two ?+s3 #a/4 ,t ! magi/rate1 ) all 8 reg>d = ! rights & welf>e ( ! appr5tices1 %[$ a great & inexcusable p>tiality = ! ma/]s4 ,! pati5ce & consid]ation ) :i* he he>d ! compla9ts ( ! latt]1 ! levity ) :i* he reg>d$ ! def5ce ( ! =m]1 ! summ>y mann] 9 :i* he despat*$ ! cases1 & ! "* ( "s ( 8 decisions1 manife/$ no small degree ( favoritism4 #b;d ,t ! :ole proce$+s ( ! special magi/rates' c\rts are em95tly calculat$ to p]petuate bad feel+ betwe5 ! ma/]s & appr5tices4 ,! c\rt-room is a con/ant sc5e ( angry dispute betwe5 ^! p>ties4 ,! ma/] exhau/s 8 /ore ( abuse & viol5ce ^u ! appr5tice1 & ! appr5tice1 embold5$ by ! place1 & provok$ by ! abuse1 retorts 9 language :i* he w\ld nev] ?9k ( us+ on ! e/ate1 & ?us1 :atev] may be ! decision ( ! magi/rate1 ! p>ties return home ) feel+s m embitt]$ ?an ev]4 ,!re 7 tw5ty-six p]sons imprison$ at ! /ation-h\se1 tw5ty-f\r 7 at h>d labor1 & two 7 9 solit>y conf9em5t4 ,! keep] ( ! prison said1 he _h no difficulty 9 manag+ ! prison]s4 ,! keep] is a color$ man1 & s also is ! s]geant & mo/ ( ! policem54 ,we visit$ "o o!r /ation-h\se1 9 a di/ant "p ( ! isl&1 situat$ 9 ! di/rict ov] :i* ,capta9 ,cuppage presides4 ,we witness$ sev]al trials !re :i* 7 simil> 9 frivolity & meanness to ^? detail$ above4 ,we 7 %ock$ ) ! mock]y ( ju/ice1 & ! indiff]5ce to ! int]e/s ( ! negro app>5t 9 ! c\rse ( ! magi/rate4 ,x seem$ t little m 0 necess>y ?an = ! manag] or ov]se] to make 8 compla9t & swe> to x1 & ! appr5tice 0 =?) condemn$ to puni%m5t4 ,we nev] saw a set ( m5 9 ^: c\nt5ances fi]ce passions ( e "n 7 s /rongly m>k$ z 9 ! ov]se]s & manag]s :o 7 assembl$ at ! /ation-h\ses4 ,tra9$ up to use ! :ip & to tyrannize ov] ! slaves1 _! grim & evil expression accord$ ) _! hateful occupation4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness ( a fri5d 9 ,bridget[n we 7 favor$ ) an int]view ) ,mr4 ,jones1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! rural police--! :ole body ( police except+ ^? /ation$ 9 ! t[n4 ,mr4 ,j4 has be5 connect$ ) ! police s9ce its fir/ e/abli%m5t 9 #ahcd4 ,he assur$ u t !re 0 no?+ 9 ! local peculi>ities ( ! isl&1 nor 9 ! "* ( its population1 :i* =bade imm$iate emancipation 9 ,augu/1 #ahcd4 ,he _h no d\bt x w\ld be p]fectly safe & decid$ly pr(itable to ! colony4 #b4 ,! good or bad work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip dep5ds ma9ly on ! conduct ( ! ma/]s4 ,he 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! "* & disposition ( ! negroes ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 & he 0 ready to say1 t if di/urbances %\ld arise ei!r be=e or aft] #ahdj1 x w\ld be because ! p 7 goad$ on to desp]ation by ! plant]s1 & n because !y s\ght di/urbance !mselves4 #c4 ,mr4 ,j4 decl>$ unhesitat+ly t crime _h n increas$ s9ce abolition1 b r ! contr>y4 #d4 ,he repres5t$ ! special magi/rates z ! fri5ds ( ! plant]s4 ,!y lov$ ! d9n]s :i* !y got at ! plant]s' h\ses4 ,! appr5tices _h no sumptu\s d9n]s to give !m4 ,! magi/rates felt "u v little obligation ( any k9d to ass]t ! cause ( ! appr5tice & secure him ju/ice1 :ile !y 7 "u v /rong temptations to favor ! ma/]4 #e4 ,real e/ate _h increas$ 9 value ne>ly fifty p] c5t s9ce abolition4 ,!re is su* entire security ( prop]ty1 & ! crops s9ce #ahcd h be5 s flatt]+1 t capitali/s f abroad are desir\s ( inve/+ _! funds 9 e/ates or m]*&ise4 ,all are mak+ high calculations = ! future4 #f4 ,mr4 ,j4 te/ifi$ t m>riages _h greatly increas$ s9ce abolition4 ,he _h se5 a doz5 c\ples /&+ at "o "t on ! *ur* floor4 ,!re _h1 he believ$1 be5 m m>riages )9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s among ! negro population1 ?an h occurr$ be=e s9ce ! settlem5t ( ! isl&4 ,we conclude ?is *apt] by subjo9+ two highly int]e/+ docum5ts f special magi/rates4 ,!y 7 k9dly furni%$ u by ! au?ors 9 pursuance ( an ord] f 8 excell5cy ! ,gov]nor1 au?oriz+ ! special magi/rates to give u any (ficial /atem5ts :i* we might desire4 ,be+ made acqua9t$ ) ^! in/ructions f ! ,gov]nor1 we address$ writt5 qu]ies to ,major ,col?ur/ & ,capta9 ,hamilton4 ,we ins]t _! replies at l5g?4 ,,communication ,,f ,,major ,,col?ur/1 ,,special ,,magi/rate4 ,! foll[+ f\rte5 que/ions on ! work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em 9 ?is colony 7 submitt$ to me on ! #cj? ( ,m>*1 #ahcg1 reque/+ answ]s !reto4 #a4 ,:at is ! numb] ( appr5tic$ labor]s 9 y\r di/rict1 & :at is _! "* comp>$ ) o!r di/ricts8 ,! numb] ( appr5tic$ labor]s1 ( all ages1 9 my di/rict1 9 n9e ?\s& f\r hundr$ & eighty1 spread ov] two hundr$ & n9ety-sev5 e/ates ( v>i\s descriptions--"s v l>ge1 & o!rs aga9 v small--mu* ! great] numb] consi/+ ( small lots 9 ! ne> neighborhood ( ,bridget[n4 ,p]haps my di/rict1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is m9ute subdivision ( prop]ty1 & its contact ) ! t[n1 is ! mo/ tr\blesome di/rict 9 ! isl&2 & ! "* ( ! appr5tices diff]s consequ5tly f t 9 ! m rural di/ricts1 :]e n above half ! compla9ts are made4 ,i attribute ?is to _! almo/ daily int]c\rse ) ,bridget[n4 #b4 ,:at is ! /ate ( agriculture 9 ! isl&8 ,:5 ! plant]s !mselves admit t g5]al cultivation 0 nev] 9 a bett] /ate1 & ! plantations extremely clean1 x is m ?an presumptive pro( t agriculture g5]ally is 9 a mo/ prosp]\s condition4 ,! va/ crop ( canes gr[n ?is ye> proves ?is fact4 ,o!r crops are also luxuriant4 #c4 ,is !re any difficulty occasion$ by ! appr5tices refus+ to "w8 ,no difficulty :atev] has be5 exp]i5c$ by ! refusal ( ! appr5tices to "w4 ,?is is done manfully & *e]fully1 :5 !y are treat$ ) humanity & consid]ation by ! ma/]s or manag]s4 ,i h nev] kn[n an in/ance to ! contr>y4 #d4 ,are ! appr5tices will+ to "w 9 _! own "t8 ,! appr5tices are mo/ will+ to "w 9 _! own "t4 #e4 ,:at is ! numb] & "* ( ! compla9ts br\ght be=e y--are !y increas+ or o!rwise8 ,! numb] ( compla9ts br\ght be=e me1 dur+ ! la/ qu>t]1 are mu* few] ?an dur+ ! correspond+ qu>t] ( ! la/ ye>4 ,_! "* is also greatly improv$4 ,n9e compla9ts out ( t5 made lately to me are = small imp]t95ces or saucy answ]s1 :i*1 consid]+ ! =m] & pres5t position ( ! p>ties1 is naturally to be expect$4 ,! numb] ( su* compla9ts is mu* dim9i%$4 #f4 ,:at is ! /ate ( crime among ! appr5tices8 ,:at is usually d5om9at$ crime 9 ! old c\ntries1 is by no means frequ5t among ! blacks or color$ p]sons4 ,x is amaz+ h[ few mat]ial brea*es ( ! law occur 9 s extraord9>y a community4 ,"s few cases ( crime d occasionally arise2--b :5 x is consid]$ t ! population ( ?is isl& is ne>ly z d5se z t ( any "p ( ,*9a1 & :olly un$ucat$1 ei!r by precept or example1 ?is abs5ce ( frequ5t crime excites our wond]1 & is highly cr$itable to ! negroes4 ,i s9c]ely believe !re is no su* p]son1 ( t class call$ at home an accompli%$ villa91 to be f\nd 9 ! :ole isl&4--,hav+ dis*>g$ ! duties ( a g5]al ju/ice ( ! peace 9 ,irel&1 = above tw5ty-f\r ye>s1 :]e crimes ( a v aggravat$ nature 7 p]petrat$ almo/ daily4 ,i _c help contra/+ ! situation ( t c\ntry ) ?is colony1 :]e ,i d n hesitate to say p]fect tranquillity exi/s4 #g4 ,h ! appr5tices mu* respect = law8 ,x is p]haps1 difficult to answ] ?is "q satisfactorily1 z x has be5 s %ort a "t s9ce !y enjoy$ ! bless+ ( equal laws4 ,to appreciate j laws1 "t1 & ! exp]i5ce ( ! b5efit aris+ f !m mu/ be felt4 ,t ! appr5tices d n1 to any mat]ial ext5t1 outrage ! law1 is c]ta92 & h5ce x may be inf]r$ t !y respect x4 #h4 ,d y f9d a _s ( rev5ge among ! negroes8 ,f my g5]al k ( ! negro "* 9 o!r c\ntries1 z well z ! /udy ( x "h1 ,i d n consid] !m by any means a rev5geful p4 ,petty dislikes are frequ5t1 b any ?+ l a deep _s ( rev5ge = =m] injuries does n exi/1 nor is x = "o mom5t to be dread$4 #i4 ,is !re any s5se ( insecurity aris+ f emancipation8 ,n ! mo/ remote feel+ ( insecurity exi/s aris+ f emancipation2 f> ! contr>y4 ,all s5sible & reasonable m5 ?9k ! prospects be=e !m mo/ *e]+1 & w\ld n g back to ! old sy/em on any acc\nt :atev]4 ,!re are "s1 h[ev]1 :o croak & =ebode evil2 b !y are few 9 numb]1 & ( no intellig5ce1--su* z are to be f\nd 9 e community4 #aj4 ,:at is ! prospect = #ahdj8--;= #ahch8 ,?is "q is answ]$ ,i hope satisfactorily above4 ,on ! t]m9ation ( ! two p]iods no evil is to be reasonably anticipat$1 ) ! exception ( a few days' idl5ess4 #aa4 ,are ! plant]s g5]ally satisfi$ ) ! appr5tice%ip1 or w\ld !y return back to ! old sy/em8 ,! :ole body ( respectable plant]s are fully satisfi$ ) ! appr5tice%ip1 & w\ld n g back to ! old sy/em on any acc\nt :atev]4 ,a few "y manag]s1 ^: op9ions are utt]ly wor?less1 w\ld p]haps h no objection to be put aga9 into _! puny au?ority4 #ab4 ,d y ?9k x w\ld h be5 dang]\s = ! slaves 9 ?is isl& to h be5 entirely emancipat$ 9 #ahcd8 ,i d n ?9k x w\ld h be5 productive ( dang]1 _h ! slaves ( ?is isl& be5 fully emancipat$ 9 #ahcd2 :i* is prov$ by :at has tak5 place 9 ano!r colony4 #ac4 ,has emancipation be5 a decid$ bless+ to ?is isl&1 or has x be5 o!rwise8 ,emancipation has be51 "u ,god1 ! greate/ bless+ ev] conf]r$ ^u ?is isl&4 ,all good & respectable m5 fully admit x4 ,?is is manife/ ?r\gh\t ! :ole progress ( ?is mighty *ange4 ,:atev] may be said ( ! va/ b5efit conf]r$ ^u ! slaves1 9 "r judgm5t ! slave own] 0 ! greate/ ga9] aft] all4 #ad4 ,are ! appr5tices dispos$ to pur*ase _! fre$om8 ,h[ h ^? conduct$ !mselves :o h pur*as$ x8 ,! appr5tices are incl9$ to pur*ase _! dis*>ge1 p>ticul>ly :5 misund]/&+s occur ) _! ma/]s4 ,:5 !y obta9 _! dis*>ge !y g5]ally labor 9 ! trades & occupations !y 7 previ\sly accu/om$ to1 & conduct !mselves well4 ,! dis*>g$ appr5tices seldom take to dr9k+4 ,inde$ ! negro & color$ population are ! mo/ temp]ate p]sons ,i ev] knew ( _! class4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ne>ly =ty ye>s 9 v>i\s public situations1 confirms me 9 ?is v important fact4 ,! answ]s ,i h _h ! honor to give to ! que/ions submitt$ to me1 h be5 giv5 mo/ consci5ti\sly1 & to ! be/ ( my judgm5t are a fai?ful picture ( ! work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip 9 ?is isl&1 z f> z relates to ! inquiries made4--,john ,b4 ,col?ur/1 ,special ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace1 ,di/rict ,a4 ,rural ,division4 ,,communication ,,f ,,capt4 ,,hamilton4 ,b>badoes1 ,april #d?1 #ahcg4 ,g5tlem51 ,presum+ t y h kept a copy ( ! que/ions,a y s5t me1 ,i %all !re=e only s5d ! answ]s4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! same int]rogatories 7 prop\nd$ to ,capt4 ,hamilton :i* h be5 already ins]t$ 9 ,major ,col?ur/'s communication4 #a4 ,!re are at pres5t five ?\s& n9e hundr$ & ?irty male1 & six ?\s& six hundr$ & eighty-n9e female appr5tices 9 my di/rict1 7,b17 :i* comprises a "p ( ! p>i%es ( ,*ri/ ,*ur* & ,/4 ,george4 ,_! conduct1 comp>$ ) ! neighbor+ di/ricts1 is good4 #b4 ,! /ate ( agriculture is v fl\ri%+4 ,exp]i5c$ plant]s ackn[l$ge t x is g5]ally f> sup]ior to :at x 0 dur+ slav]y4 #c4 ,:]e ! manag]s are k9d & temp]ate1 !y h n any tr\ble ) ! labor]s4 #d4 ,! appr5tices are g5]ally will+ to "w = wages 9 _! own "t4 #e4 ,! av]age numb] ( compla9ts tri$ by me1 la/ ye>1 end+ ,decemb]1 0 "o ?\s& n9e hundr$ & ?irty-two4 ,! av]age numb] ( appr5tices 9 ! di/rict dur+ t "t 0 twelve ?\s& sev5 hundr$4 ,(f5ces1 g5]ally speak+1 are n ( any magnitude4 ,!y d n increase1 b fluctuate accord+ to ! season ( ! ye>4 #f4 ,! /ate ( crime is n s bad by any means z we might h expect$ among ! negroes--j releas$ f su* a degrad+ bondage4 ,consid]+ ! /ate ( ignorance 9 :i* !y h be5 kept1 & ! immoral examples set !m by ! l[] class ( :ites1 x is matt] ( a/oni%m5t t !y %\ld behave s well4 #g4 ,! appr5tices w\ld h a great respect = law1 7 x n = ! errone\s proce$+s ( ! manag]s1 ov]se]s1 c41 9 tak+ !m be=e ! magi/rates = e petty (f5ce1 & (t5 abus+ ! magi/rate 9 ! pres5ce ( ! appr5tices1 :5 8 decision does n please !m4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t ! appr5tices too (t5 get indiff]5t to law1 & h be5 kn[n to say t !y c>$ n ab\t go+ to prison1 & t !y w\ld d j z !y did be=e z soon z !y 7 releas$4 #h4 ,! appr5tices 9 ?is colony are g5]ally consid]$ a peaceable race4 ,all acts ( rev5ge committ$ by !m orig9ate 9 jeal\sy1 z1 = in/ance1 betwe5 husb& & wife4 #i4 ,n ! slighte/ s5se ( insecurity4 ,z a pro( ( ?is1 prop]ty has1 s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! appr5tice%ip1 increas$ 9 value consid]ably--at lea/ "o ?ird4 #aj4 ,! *ange :i* w take place 9 #ahch1 9 my op9ion1 w occasion a great deal ( discont5t among ^? call$ pra$ials--:i* w n subside = "s mon?s4 ,!y ought to h be5 all emancipat$ at ! same p]iod4 ,i _c =esee any bad effects t w ensue f ! *ange 9 #ahdj1 except ^? m5tion$ h]eaft]4 #aa4 ,! mo/ prejudic$ plant]s w\ld n return to ! old sy/em if !y possibly c\ld4 ,!y admit t !y get m "w f ! labor]s ?an !y =m]ly did1 & !y are reliev$ f a great responsibility4 #ab4 ,x is my op9ion t if entire emancipation _h tak5 place 9 #ahcd1 no m difficulty w\ld h foll[$ beyond :at we may naturally expect 9 #ahaj4 ,x w !n take two or ?ree mon?s be=e ! emancipat$ p f9ally settle !mselves4 ,i d n consid] ! appr5tice m fit or bett] prep>$ = entire fre$om n[ ?an he 0 9 #ahcd4 #ac4 ,i consid]1 mo/ und\bt$ly1 t emancipation has be5 a decid$ bless+ to ! colony4 #ad4 ,!y are mu* dispos$ to pur*ase ! rema9d] ( ! appr5tice%ip t]m4 ,_! conduct aft] !y become free is good4 ,i hope ! =ego+ answ]s & in=mation may be ( s]vice to y 9 y\r laudable pursuits1 = :i* ,i wi% y e success4 ,i am1 g5tlem51 y\r ob't s]v't1 ,jos4 ,hamilton1 ,special ,ju/ice4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,cl]gym5 ,,& ,,mission>ies4 ,!re are ?ree religi\s d5om9ations at ! pres5t "t 9 ,b>badoes--,episcopalians1 ,wesleyans1 & ,moravians4 ,! =m] h ab\t tw5ty cl]gym51 includ+ ! bi%op & ar*deacon4 ,! bi%op 0 abs5t dur+ our visit1 & we did n see him2 b z f> z we c\ld le>n1 :ile 9 "s ( 8 political measures1 z a memb] ( ! c\ncil1 he has b5efit$ ! color$ population1 8 g5]al influ5ce has be5 unfavorable to _! moral & spiritual welf>e4 ,he has disc\nt5anc$ & defeat$ sev]al attempts made by 8 rectors & curates to aboli% ! odi\s di/9ctions ( color 9 _! *ur*es4 ,we 7 l$ to =m an unfavorable op9ion ( ! ,bi%op's c\rse1 f obs]v+ among ! intellig5t & well-dispos$ classes ( color$ p1 ! curr5t use ( ! phrase1 bi%op's man1 & no bi%op's man1 appli$ to diff]5t rectors & curates4 ,^? t !y 7 av]se to1 ei!r z pro-slav]y or pro-prejudice *>act]s1 !y usually br&$ z bi%op's m51 :ile ^? :om !y e/eem$ _! fri5ds1 !y designat$ z no bi%op's m54 ,! ar*deacon has already be5 introduc$ to ! read]4 ,we enjoy$ sev]al int]views ) him1 & 7 con/ra9$ to admire him = 8 integrity1 indep5d5ce & piety4 ,he spoke 9 t]ms ( /rong condemnation ( slav]y1 & ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em4 ,he 0 a det]m9$ advocate ( entire & imm$iate emancipation1 bo? f pr9ciple & policy4 ,he also disc\nt5anc$ prejudice1 bo? 9 ! *ur* & 9 ! social circle4 ,! fir/ "t we _h ! pleasure ( meet+ him 0 at ! h\se ( a color$ g5tleman 9 ,bridget[n :]e we 7 breakfa/+4 ,he call$ 9 incid5tally1 :ile we 7 sitt+ at table1 & exhibit$ all ! famili>ity ( a frequ5t visitant4 ,"o ( ! mo/ wor?y & devot$ m5 :om we met 9 ,b>badoes 0 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,cumm9s1 curate ( ,/4 ,paul's *ur*1 9 ,bridget[n4 ,! fir/ ,sabba? aft] our arrival at ! isl& we att5d$ 8 *ur*4 ,x is emphatically a free *ur*4 ,di/9ctions ( color are n[h]e recogniz$4 ,!re is ! mo/ complete int]m+l+ ( colors ?r\gh\t ! h\se4 ,9 "o pew 7 se5 a family ( :ites1 9 ! next a family ( color$ p1 & 9 ! next p]haps a family ( blacks4 ,9 ! same pews :ite & color$ p]sons sat side by side4 ,! floor & gall]y pres5t$ ! same promiscu\s bl5d+ ( hues & %ades4 ,we sat 9 a pew ) :ite & color$ p4 ,9 ! pew be=e & 9 t beh9d u ! sitt+ 0 equally indiscrim9ate4 ,! audi5ce 0 kneel+ 9 _! morn+ devotions :5 we ent]$1 & we 7 /ruck ) ! diff]5t colors b[+ side by side z we pass$ d[n ! aisles4 ,!re is probably no cl]gyman 9 ! isl& :o has secur$ s p]fectly ! affections ( 8 p z ,mr4 ,c4 ,he is ( c\rse no bi%op's man4 ,he is con/antly employ$ 9 promot+ ! spiritual & moral good ( 8 p1 ( :atev] complexion4 ,! annual exam9ation ( ! ,sabba? s*ool connect$ ) ,/4 ,paul's occurr$ :ile we 7 9 ! isl&1 & we 7 favor$ ) ! privilege ( att5d+ x4 ,!re 7 ab\t ?ree hundr$ pupils pres5t1 ( all ages1 f fifty d[n to ?ree ye>s4 ,!re 7 all colors--:ite1 tawny1 & ebon black4 ,! :ite *ildr5 7 class$ ) ! color$ & black1 9 utt] violation ( ^? pr9ciples ( classification 9 vogue ?r\gh\t ! ,sabba? s*ools ( our own c\ntry4 ,! exam9ation 0 *iefly conduct$ by ,mr4 ,cumm9s4 ,at ! close ( ! exam9ation ab\t fifty ( ! girls1 & among !m ! daught] ( ,mr4 ,cumm9s1 7 arrang$ 9 front ( ! alt>1 ) ! female tea*]s 9 ! re> ( !m1 & all unit$ 9 s++ a hymn writt5 = ! occasion4 ,"p ( ! tea*]s 7 color$ & "p :ite1 z 7 also ! s*ol>s1 & !y /ood side by side1 m+l$ promiscu\sly toge!r4 ,?is is altoge!r ! be/ ,sabba? s*ool 9 ! isl&4 ,aft] ! ex]cises 7 clos$1 we 7 introduc$1 by a color$ g5tleman :o accompani$ u to ! exam9ation1 to ,mr4 ,cumm9s1 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,pack]1 & ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,r[e1 ma/] ( ! public s*ool 9 ,bridget[n4 ,by reque/ ( ,mr4 ,c41 we accompani$ him to 8 h\se1 :]e we enjoy$ an int]view ) him & ! o!r g5tlem51 j m5tion$4 ,mr4 ,c4 in=m$ u t 8 ,sabba? s*ool 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahcc2 b 0 q small & ineffici5t until aft] #ahcd4 ,x n[ numb]s m ?an f\r hundr$ s*ol>s4 ,mr4 ,c4 spoke ( prejudice4 ,x _h wond]fully decreas$ )9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s4 ,he said he c\ld sc>cely cr$it ! te/imony ( 8 own s5ses1 :5 he look$ ar\nd on ! *ange :i* _h tak5 place4 ,_m n[ associate ) color$ p]sons1 & sit ) !m 9 ! *ur*1 :o once w\ld h scorn$ to be f\nd ne> !m4 ,mr4 ,c4 & ! o!r cl]gym5 /at$1 t !re _h be5 an increase ( places ( wor%ip & ( cl]gym5 s9ce abolition4 ,all ! *ur*es are n[ cr[d$1 & !re is a gr[+ dem& = m4 ,! negroes manife/ an increas+ desire = religi\s in/ruction4 ,9 respect to morals1 !y repres5t ! p z be+ greatly improv$4 ,!y spoke ( ! g5]al respect :i* 0 n[ paid to ! in/itution ( m>riage among ! negroes1 ,mr4 ,c4 said1 he 0 conv9c$ t ! blacks _h z mu* natural tal5t & capacity = le>n+ z ! :ites4 ,he does n "k any diff]5ce4 ,mr4 ,pock]1 :o 0 =m]ly rector ( ,/4 ,?omas' p>i%1 & has be5 a public tea*] ( *ildr5 ( all colors1 express$ ! same op9ion4 ,mr4 ,r[e said1 t be=e he took *>ge ( ! :ite s*ool1 he 0 ! tea*] ( "o ( ! free s*ools = blacks1 & he te/ifi$ t ! latt] has j z mu* capacity = acquir+ any k9d ( k1 z mu* inquisitiv5ess1 & +5uity1 z ! =m]4 ,accompani$ by an intellig5t g5tleman ( ,bridget[n1 we visit$ two fl\ri%+ s*ools = color$ *ildr51 connect$ ) ! ,episcopal *ur*1 & "u ! c>e ( ! ,bi%op4 ,9 ! male s*ool1 !re 7 "o hundr$ & n9ety-five s*ol>s1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( "o ma/]1 :o is himself a black man1 & 0 educat$ & tra9$ up 9 ! same s*ool4 ,he is assi/$ by sev]al ( 8 s*ol>s1 z monitors & tea*]s4 ,x 01 altoge!r1 ! be/ specim5 ( a well-regulat$ s*ool :i* we saw 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! pres5t in/ructor has _h *>ge ( ! s*ool two ye>s4 ,x has increas$ consid]ably s9ce abolition4 ,be=e ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 ! :ole numb] ( names on ! catalogue 0 a little above "o hundr$1 & ! av]age att5dance 0 sev5ty-five4 ,! numb] imm$iately increas$1 & new ! av]age att5dance is above two hundr$4 ,( ?is numb] at lea/ sixty are ! *ildr5 ( appr5tices4 ,we visit$ also ! infant s*ool1 e/abli%$ b two weeks previ\s4 ,mr4 ,s4 ! tea*]1 :o has be5 = _m ye>s an in/ructor1 says he f9ds !m z apt to le>n z any *ildr5 he ev] taught4 ,he said he 0 surpris$ to see h[ soon ! in/ructions ( ! s*ool-room 7 c>ri$ to ! homes ( ! *ildr51 & caught up by _! p>5ts4 ,! v fir/ night aft] ! s*ool clos$1 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! /reets1 he he>d ! *ildr5 repeat+ :at !y _h be5 taught1 & ! p>5ts le>n+ ! songs f _! *ildr5's lips ,mr4 ,s4 has a hundr$ *ildr5 already 9 8 s*ool1 & additions 7 mak+ daily4 ,he f\nd among ! negro p>5ts mu* int]e/ 9 ! s*ool4 ,,wesleyan ,,mission>ies4 ,we call$ on ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,fidl]1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,wesleyan missions 9 ,b>badoes4 ,mr4 ,f4 resides 9 ,bridget[n1 & prea*es mo/ly 9 ! *apel 9 t[n4 ,he has be5 9 ! ,we/ ,indies twelve ye>s1 & 9 ,b>badoes ab\t two ye>s4 ,mr4 ,f4 in=m$ u t !re 7 ?ree ,wesleyan mission>ies 9 ! isl&1 besides f\r or five local prea*]s1 "o ( :om is a black man4 ,!re are ab\t "o ?\s& memb]s belong+ to _! body1 ! great] "p ( :om live 9 t[n4 ,two hundr$ & ?irty-five 7 add$ dur+ ! ye> #ahcf1 be+ by f> ! l>ge/ numb] add$ 9 any "o ye> s9ce !y began _! op]ations 9 ! isl&4 ,a brief review ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,wesleyan ,me?odi/s 9 ,b>badoes1 w s]ve to %[ ! great *ange :i* has be5 tak+ place 9 public s5tim5t respect+ ! labors ( mission>ies4 ,9 ! ye> #ahbc1 n long aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,wesleyan *ur* 9 ! isl&1 ! *apel 9 ,bridget[n 0 de/roy$ by a mob4 ,n "o /one 0 left ^u ano!r4 ,!y c>ri$ ! fragm5ts = miles away f ! site1 & scatt]$ !m ab\t 9 e direction1 s t ! *apel might nev] be rebuilt4 ,"s ( ! in/igators & *ief actors 9 ?is outrage1 7 g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+1 resid5ts ( ,bridget[n4 ,! fir/ morn+ aft] ! outrage began1 ! mob s\ght = ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,%rewsbury1 ! mission>y1 ?reat5+ 8 life1 & he 0 oblig$ to flee precipitately f ! isl&1 ) 8 wife4 ,he 0 hunt$ l a wild bea/1 & x is ?\ght t he w\ld h be5 torn 9 pieces if he _h be5 f\nd4 ,n an ef=t or a movem5t 0 made to quell ! mob1 dur+ _! assault ^u ! *apel4 ,! fir/ m5 ( ! isl& conniv$ at ! viol5ce--secretly rejoic+ 9 :at !y suppos$ w\ld be ! ext]m9ation ( ,me?odism f ! c\ntry4 ,! gov]nor1 ,sir ,h5ry ,w>d1 utt]ly refus$ to int]f]e1 & w\ld n suff] ! militia to repair to ! spot1 ?\gh a m]e h&ful ( soldi]s c\ld h in/antane\sly r\t$ ! :ole assemblage4 ,! occasion ( ?is riot 0 p>tly ! ef=ts made by ! ,wesleyans to in/ruct ! negroes1 & /ill m ! circum/ance ( a lett] be+ writt5 by ,mr4 ,%rewsbury1 & publi%$ 9 an ,engli% pap]1 :i* conta9$ "s sev]e /rictures on ! morals ( ! ,b>badians4 ,a plant] in=m$ u t ! riot grew out ( a suspicion t ,mr4 ,s4 0 leagu$ ) ! ,wilb]=ce p>ty 9 ,engl&4 ,s9ce ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ,wesleyanism 9 ?is isl&1 x has cont9u$ to /ruggle aga9/ ! opposition ( ! ,bi%op1 & mo/ ( ! cl]gy1 & aga9/ ! invet]ate prejudices ( ne>ly ! :ole ( ! :ite community4 ,! mission>ies h be5 disc\rag$1 & 9 _m in/ances absolutely prohibit$ f prea*+ on ! e/ates4 ,^! circum/ances h greatly ret>d$ ! progress ( religi\s in/ruction ?r\gh _! means4 ,b ?is /ate ( ?+s _h be5 v mu* alt]$ s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,!re are sev]al e/ates n[ op5 to ! mission>ies4 ,mr4 ,f4 m5tion$ sev]al places 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e he 0 !n pur*as+ l&1 & erect+ *apels4 ,he also /at$1 t "o man1 :o aid$ 9 pull+ d[n ! *apel 9 #ahbc1 _h (f]$ gr\nd = a new *apel1 & pr(f]$ ! free use ( a build+ ne> by1 = religi\s meet+s & a s*ool1 till x c\ld be erect$4 ,! ,wesleyan *apel 9 ,bridget[n is a spaci\s build+1 well fill$ ) wor%ipp]s e ,sabba?4 ,we att5d$ s]vice !re frequ5tly1 & obs]v$ ! same indiscrim9ate sitt+ ( ! v>i\s colors1 :i* is describ$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ,/4 ,paul's *ur*4 ,! ,wesleyan mission>ies h /imulat$ ! cl]gy to great] dilig5ce & fai?fulness1 & h especially induc$ !m to turn _! att5tion to ! negro population m ?an !y did =m]ly4 ,!re are sev]al local prea*]s connect$ ) ! ,wesleyan mission 9 ,b>badoes1 :o h be5 actively labor+ to promote religion among ! appr5tices4 ,two ( ^! are conv]t$ soldi]s 9 8 ,maje/y's s]vice--act+ s]geants ( ! troops /ation$ 9 ! isl&4 ,:ile we 7 9 ,b>badoes1 ^! pi\s m5 appli$ = a dis*>ge f ! army1 int5d+ to devote !mselves exclusively to ! "w ( tea*+ & prea*+4 ,ano!r ( ! local prea*]s is a negro man1 ( consid]able tal5t & exalt$ piety1 highly e/eem$ among 8 mission>y bre?r5 = 8 labors ( love4 ,,! ,,moravian ,,mission4 ,( ! ,moravians1 we le>n$ b little4 ,circum/ances unavoidably prev5t$ u f visit+ any ( ! /ations1 & also f call+ on any ( ! mission>ies4 ,we 7 in=m$ t !re 7 ?ree /ations 9 ! isl&1 "o 9 ,bridget[n1 & two 9 ! c\ntry1 & we le>n$ 9 g5]al t]ms1 t ! few mission>ies !re 7 labor+ ) _! *>act]i/ic devot$ness1 assiduity1 & self-d5ial1 = ! spiritual welf>e ( ! negro population4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,color$ ,,population4 ,! color$1 or z !y 7 t]m$ previ\s to abolition1 by way ( di/9ction1 ! free color$ population1 am\nt 9 ,b>badoes to ne>ly ?irty ?\s&4 ,!y are compos$ *iefly ( ! mix$ race1 ^: pat]nal connection1 ?\gh illegitimate1 secur$ to !m fre$om at _! bir?1 & subsequ5tly ! advantages ( an education m or less ext5sive4 ,!re are "s blacks among !m1 h[ev]1 :o 7 free born1 or obta9$ _! fre$om at an e>ly p]iod1 & h s9ce1 by great assiduity1 atta9$ an honorable /&+4 ,dur+ our /ay 9 ,b>badoes1 we _h _m invitations to ! h\ses ( color$ g5tlem51 ( :i* we 7 glad to avail ourselves :5ev] x 0 possible4 ,at an e>ly p]iod aft] our arrival1 we 7 invit$ to d9e ) ,?omas ,h>ris1 ,esq4 ,he politely s5t 8 *aise = u1 z he resid$ ab\t a mile f our resid5ce4 ,at 8 table1 we met two o!r color$ g5tlem51 ,mr4 ,?orne ( ,bridget[n1 & ,mr4 ,prescod1 a "y g5tleman ( mu* intellig5ce & ability4 ,!re 0 also at ! table a niece ( ,mr4 ,h>ris1 a mode/ & highly int]e/+ "y lady4 ,all ! luxuries & delicacies ( a tropical clime load$ ! bo>d--an epicurean v>iety ( meats1 fle%1 f[l1 & fi%--( vegetables1 pa/ries1 fruits1 & nuts1 & t inv>iable accompanim5t ( a ,we/ ,india d9n]1 w9e4 ,! d9n] 0 enliv5$ by an int]e/+ & well su/a9$ conv]sation respect+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 ! pres5t /ate ( ! colony1 & its prospects = ! future4 ,lively discussions 7 ma9ta9$ on po9ts :]e !re *anc$ to be a diff]5ce ( op9ion1 & we admir$ ! lib]ality ( ! views :i* 7 ?us elicit$4 ,we are c]ta9ly prep>$ to say1 & t too )\t feel+ t we draw any invidi\s di/9ctions1 t 9 /yle ( conv]sation1 9 +5uity & ability ( argum5t1 ?is company w\ld comp>e ) any company ( :ite g5tlem5 t we met 9 ! isl&4 ,9 t circle ( color$ g5tlem51 7 ! ke5 sallies ( wit1 ! admirable rep>tee1 ! satire n[ sev]e1 n[ playful1 ^u ! measures ( ! colonial gov]nm5t1 ! able exposure ( ari/ocratic intol]ance1 ( plant]%ip *ican]y1 ( plott+s & c\nt]plott+s 9 high places--! /rictures on ! intrigues ( ! special magi/rates & manag]s1 & )al1 ! j & indignant reprobation ( ! uni=m oppressions :i* h disabl$ & cru%$ ! color$ p4 ,! views ( ^! g5tlem5 ) reg>d to ! pres5t /ate ( ! isl&1 we f\nd to diff] 9 "s respects f ^? ( ! plant]s & special magi/rates4 ,!y seem$ to reg>d bo? ^? classes ( m5 ) suspicion4 ,! plant]s !y repres5t$ z be+ /ill1 at lea/ ! mass ( !m1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! /rong habits ( tyranniz+ & cruelty :i* !y =m$ dur+ slav]y4 ,! prohibitions & p5alties ( ! law are n suffici5t to prev5t occasional & ev5 frequ5t outbreak+s ( viol5ce1 s t ! negroes ev5 yet suff] mu* ( ! rigor ( slav]y4 ,9 reg>d to ! special magi/rates1 !y allege t !y are greatly controll$ by ! plant]s4 ,!y associate ) ! plant]s1 d9e ) ! plant]s1 l\nge on ! plant]s' s(as1 & m>ry ! plant]s daught]s4 ,su* intimacies z ^!1 ! g5tlem5 v plausibly argu$1 c\ld n exi/ )\t /rongly bias+ ! magi/rate t[>ds ! plant]s1 & r5d]+ x almo/ impossible = !m to adm9i/] equal ju/ice to ! poor appr5tice1 :o1 un=tunately1 _h no sumptu\s d9n]s to give !m1 no luxuri\s s(as to (f] !m1 nor d[]$ daught]s to pres5t 9 m>riage4 ,! g5tlem5 te/ifi$ to ! indu/ry & subord9ation ( ! appr5tices4 ,!y _h improv$ ! g5]al cultivation ( ! isl&1 & !y 7 reap+ = _! ma/]s great] crops ?an !y did :ile slaves4 ,! :ole company unit$ 9 say+ t _m bless+s _h already result$ f ! abolition ( slav]y--imp]fect z t abolition 04 ,real e/ate _h advanc$ 9 value at lea/ "o ?ird4 ,! fe> ( insurrection _h be5 remov$2 invasions ( prop]ty1 su* z occurr$ dur+ slav]y1 ! fir+ ( cane-fields1 ! demolition ( h\ses1 c41 7 no long] appreh5d$4 ,m>riage 0 spread+ among ! appr5tices1 & ! g5]al morals ( ! :ole community1 high & l[1 :ite1 color$1 & black1 7 rapidly improv+4 ,at t5 o'clock we took leave ( ,mr4 ,h>ris & 8 int]e/+ fri5ds4 ,we retir$ ) feel+s ( pride & gratification t we _h be5 privileg$ to jo9 a company :i*1 ?\gh we>+ ! badge ( a proscrib$ race1 display$ 9 happy comb9ation1 ! treasures ( g5u9e intellig5ce1 & ! graces ( accompli%$ mann]s4 ,we 7 happy to meet 9 t social circle a son ( ,new ,engl&1 & a graduate ( "o ( h] univ]sities4 ,mr4 ,h4 w5t to ! ,we/ ,indies a few mon?s aft] ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,he took ) him all ! prejudices common to our c\ntry1 z well z a det]m9$ ho/ility to abolition pr9ciples & measures4 ,a brief obs]vation ( ! a/oni%+ results ( abolition 9 ^? isl&s1 effectually dis>m$ him ( ! latt]1 & made him ! decid$ & zeal\s advocate ( imm$iate emancipation4 ,he e/abli%$ himself 9 bus9ess 9 ,b>bados1 :]e he has be5 liv+ ! great] "p ( ! "t s9ce he left 8 native c\ntry4 ,8 prejudices did n long survive 8 ab&onm5t ( anti-abolition s5tim5ts4 ,we rejoic$ to f9d him on ! occasion above ref]r$ to1 mov+ 9 ! circle ( color$ society1 ) all ! fre$om ( a famili> gue/1 & prep>$ mo/ cordially to unite ) u 9 ! wi% t all our prejudic$ c\ntrym5 c\ld witness simil> exhibitions4 ,! g5tleman at ^: table we _h ! pleasure to d9e1 0 born a slave1 & rema9$ su* until he 0 sev5te5 ye>s ( age4 ,aft] obta9+ 8 fre$om1 he engag$ z a cl]k 9 a m]cantile e/abli%m5t1 & soon attract$ att5tion by 8 bus9ess tal5ts4 ,ab\t ! same p]iod he w>mly esp\s$ ! cause ( ! free color$ p1 :o 7 d\bly cru%$ "u a load ( civil & political impositions1 & a /ill heavi] "o ( prejudice4 ,he soon made himself conspicu\s by 8 manly def5ce ( ! rights ( 8 bre?r5 aga9/ ! encroa*m5ts ( ! public au?orities1 & incurr$ ! m>k$ displeasure ( sev]al influ5tial *>act]s4 ,aft] a protract$ /ruggle = ! civil immunities ( ! color$ p1 dur+ :i* he repeat$ly came into collision ) public m51 & 0 (t5 arraign$ be=e ! public tribunals2 f9d+ 8 labors ineffectual1 he left ! isl& & w5t to ,engl&4 ,he sp5t "s "t !re & 9 ,france1 mov+ on a foot+ ( honorable equality among ! di/+ui%$ abolitioni/s ( ^? c\ntries4 ,!re1 amid ! free influ5ces & ! g5]\s sympa?ies :i* welcom$ & surr\nd$ him1--8 :ole "* rip5$ 9 ^? manly graces & accompli%m5ts :i* n[ s em95tly di/+ui% him4 ,s9ce 8 return to ,b>badoes1 ,mr4 ,h4 has n tak5 s public a "p 9 political controv]sies z he did =m]ly1 b is by no means indiff]5t to pass+ ev5ts4 ,!re is n1 we v5ture to say1 )9 ! colony1 a ke5] or m sagaci\s obs]v] ( its in/itutions1 its public m5 & _! measures4 ,:5 witness+ ! exhibitions ( 8 manly _s1 & li/5+ to 8 eloqu5t & gl[+ n>ratives ( 8 /ruggles aga9/ ! political oppressions :i* gr\nd to ! du/ himself & 8 bre?r51 we c\ld sc>cely cr$it ! fact t he 0 himself born & re>$ to manhood--,a ,,slave4 ,,breakfa/ ,,at ,,mr4 ,,?orne',s4 ,by invitation we took breakfa/ ) ,mr4 ,joseph ,?orne1 :om we met at ,mr4 ,h>ris's4 ,mr4 ,t4 resides 9 ,bridget[n4 ,9 ! p>lor1 we met two color$ g5tlem5--! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,hamilton1 a local ,wesleyan prea*]1 & ,mr4 ,cumm9s1 a m]*ant ( ,bridget[n1 m5tion$ 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,we 7 /ruck ) ! sci5tific appe>ance ( ,mr4 ,?orne's p>lor4 ,on "o side 0 a l>ge libr>y ( religi\s1 hi/orical & lit]>y works1 ! selection ( :i* display$ no small ta/e & judgm5t4 ,on ! opposite side ( ! room 0 a f9e cab9et ( m9]als & %ells4 ,9 "o corn] /ood a numb] ( curi\s relics ( ! aborig9al ,c>ibs1 su* z b[s & arr[s1 etc41 toge!r ) int]e/+ fossil rema9s4 ,on ! tops ( ! book-cases & m9]al /&1 7 birds ( r>e species1 procur$ f ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,cont95t4 ,! c5tre table 0 ornam5t$ ) %ells1 specim5s ( petrifactions1 & elegantly b\nd books4 ,! rema9d] ( ! furniture ( ! room 0 co/ly & elegant4 ,be=e breakfa/ two ( ,mr4 ,?orne's *ildr51 little boys ( six & f\r1 /epp$ 9 to salute ! company4 ,!y 7 ( a bright yell[1 ) slightly curl$ hair4 ,:5 !y _h %ak5 h&s ) ea* ( ! company1 !y )drew f ! p>lor & 7 se5 no m4 ,_! mann]s & demeanor indicat$ ! tea*+s ( an admirable "m1 & we 7 n a little curi\s to see ! lady ( ^: ta/e & delicate s5se ( propriety we _h witness$ s attractive a specim5 9 h] *ildr54 ,at ! breakfa/ table we 7 introduc$ to ,mrs4 ,?orne1 & we soon discov]$ f h] dignifi$ air1 f ! *a/e & elevat$ /yle ( h] conv]sation1 f h] intellig5ce1 mode/y & ref9em5t1 t we 7 9 ! pres5ce ( a highly accompli%$ lady4 ,! conv]sation 0 *iefly on subjects connect$ ) our mission4 ,all spoke ) great gratitude ( ! d[nfall ( slav]y4 ,x 0 n ! slaves alone t 7 int]e/$ 9 t ev5t4 ,political oppression1 prejudice1 & lic5ti\sness _h comb9$ greatly to degrade ! color$ community1 b ^! evils 7 n[ gradually less5+1 & w\ld soon :olly disappe> aft] ! f9al ext9ction ( slav]y--! p>5t ( !m all4 ,sev]al facts 7 /at$ to %[ ! great rise 9 ! value ( real e/ate s9ce #ahcd4 ,9 "o in/ance a g5tleman b\ght a sug> e/ate = n9ete5 ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 & ! v next ye>1 aft] tak+ (f a crop f :i* he realiz$ a pr(it ( ?ree ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 he sold ! e/ate = ?irty ?\s& p\nds /]l+4 ,x has frequ5tly happ5$ )9 two ye>s t p]sons wi%+ to pur*ase e/ates w\ld inquire ! price ( p>ticul> prop]ties1 & w\ld hesitate to give :at 0 dem&$4 ,probably soon aft] !y w\ld return to close ! b>ga91 & f9d t ! price 0 increas$ by sev]al hundr$s ( p\nds2 !y w\ld g away aga91 reluctant to pur*ase1 & return a ?ird "t1 :5 !y w\ld f9d ! price aga9 rais$1 & w\ld f9ally be glad to buy at almo/ any price4 ,x 0 v difficult to pur*ase sug> e/ates n[1 :]eas previ\s to ! abolition ( slav]y1 !y 71 l ! slaves1 a drug 9 ! m>ket4 ,mr4 ,joseph ,?orne is a g5tleman ( =ty-five1 ( a d>k mulatto complexion1 ) ! negro features & hair4 ,he 0 born a slave1 & rema9$ s until ab\t tw5ty ye>s ( age4 ,?is fact we le>n$ f ! manag] ( ! ,belle e/ate1 on :i* ,mr4 ,t4 0 born & rais$ a slave4 ,x 0 an int]e/+ co9cid5ce1 t on ! occasion ( our visit to ! ,belle e/ate we 7 indebt$ to ,mr4 ,?orne1 ! =m] prop]ty ( t e/ate1 = 8 horse & *aise1 :i* he politely pr(f]$ to u4 ,mr4 ,t4 employs mu* ( 8 "t 9 labor+ among ! color$ p 9 t[n1 & among ! appr5tices on ! e/ates1 9 ! capacity ( lay-prea*]4 ,9 ?is way he r5d]s himself v useful4 ,be+ v compet5t1 bo? by piety & tal5ts1 = ! "w1 & possess+ m p]haps ?an any mission>y1 ! confid5ce ( ! plant]s1 he is admitt$ to _m e/ates1 to lecture ! appr5tices on religi\s & moral duties4 ,mr4 ,t4 is a memb] ( ! ,episcopal *ur*4 ,,breakfa/ ,,at ,,mr4 ,,prescod',s ,we next _h ! pleasure ( breakfa/+ ) ,mr4 ,prescod4 ,our e/eem$ fri5d1 ,mr4 ,h>ris1 0 ( ! company4 ,mr4 ,p4 is a "y man1 b lately m>ri$4 ,8 wife & himself 7 bo? lib]ally educat$ 9 ,engl&4 ,he 0 ! late editor ( ! ,new ,times1 a weekly pap] e/abli%$ s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y & devot$ *iefly to ! int]e/s ( ! color$ community4 ,x 0 ! fir/ p]iodical & ! only "o :i* advocat$ ! rights ( ! color$ p1 & ?is x did ) ! utmo/ fe>lessness & indep5d5ce4 ,x boldly expos$ oppression1 :e!r emanat+ f ! gov]nm5t h\se or orig9at+ 9 ! colonial assembly4 ,! measures ( all p>ties1 & ! conduct ( e public man1 7 subject to its scrut9y1 & :5 occasion requir$1 to its /]n rebuke4 ,mr4 ,p4 exhibits a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! politics ( ! c\ntry1 & ) ! position ( ! v>i\s p>ties4 ,he is famili> ) ! _s & op]ations ( ! :ite g5try--f> m s1 x w\ld seem2 ?an _m ( 8 bre?r5 :o h be5 repeat$ly deceiv$ by _! pr(essions ( increas+ lib]ality1 & _! %[ ( ext5d+ civil immunities1 :i* aft] all prov$ to be practical nullities1 & z su* 7 d5\nc$ by ,mr4 ,p4 at ! outset4 ,a few ye>s ago ! color$ p mildly petition$ ! legislature = a removal ( _! disabilities4 ,_! remon/rance 0 too reasonable to be :olly disreg>d$4 ,some?+ mu/ he done :i* w\ld at lea/ be> ! semblance ( favor+ ! object ( ! petition]s4 ,accord+ly ! obnoxi\s clauses 7 repeal$1 & ! color$ p 7 admitt$ to ! polls4 ,b ! qualification 0 made ?ree times great] ?an t requir$ ( :ite citiz5s4 ,?is virtually nullifi$ ! ext5sion ( privilege1 & actually confirm$ ! disabilities ( :i* x 0 a pret5d$ abrogation4 ,! color$ p1 9 _! cr$ulity1 hail$ ! app>5t enfran*isem5t1 & _h a public rejoic+ 9 ! occasion4 ,b ! delusion c\ld n escape ! discrim9ation ( ,mr4 ,p4 ,he detect$ x at once1 & expos$ x1 & incurr$ ! displeasure ( ! cr$ul\s p ( color by refus+ to p>ticipate 9 _! premature rejoic+s4 ,he soon succe$$ h[ev] 9 conv9c+ 8 bre?r5 t ! new provision 0 a mock]y ( _! wrongs1 & t ! assembly _h only add$ insult to pa/ injuries4 ,mr4 ,p4 n[ urg$ ! color$ p to be pati5t1 z ! great *anges :i* 7 work+ 9 ! colony mu/ br+ to !m all ! rights ( :i* !y _h be5 s cruelly depriv$4 ,on ! subject ( prejudice he spoke j z a man ( ke5 s5sibilities & manly _s might be expect$ to speak1 :o _h himself be5 its victim4 ,he 0 accu/om$ to be+ fl\t$1 scorn$ & condemn$ by ^? :om he c\ld n b reg>d z 8 int]iors bo? 9 native tal5ts & education4 ,he _h submitt$ to be =ev] deb>r$ f (fices :i* 7 fill$ by m5 f> less wor?y except 9 ! s+le qualification ( a :ite sk91 :i* h[ev] 0 p>am\nt to all o!r virtues & acquirem5ts6 ,he _h se5 himself & 8 accompli%$ wife exclud$ f ! society ( :ites1 ?\gh ke5ly consci\s ( _! capacity to move & %9e 9 ! mo/ elevat$ social circles4 ,aft] all ?is1 x may readily be conceiv$ h[ ,mr4 ,p4 w\ld speak ( prejudice4 ,b :ile he spoke bitt]ly ( ! pa/1 he 0 inspir$ ) buoyancy ( hope z he ca/ 8 eye to ! future4 ,he 0 confid5t t prejudice w\ld disappe>4 ,x _h already dim9i%$ v mu*1 & x w\ld ere long be :olly ext]m9at$4 ,mr4 ,p4 gave a sprightly picture ( ! indu/ry ( ! negroes4 ,x 0 common1 he said1 to he> !m call$ lazy1 b ?is 0 n true4 ,t !y (t5 appe>$ to be indol5t1 especially ^? ab\t ! t[n1 0 true2 b x 0 ei!r because !y _h no "w to d1 or 7 ask$ to "w )\t reasonable wages4 ,he _h (t5 be5 amus$ at _! conduct1 :5 solicit$ to d small jobs--su* z c>ry+ baggage1 load+ ( unload+ a vessel1 or ! l4 ,if (f]$ a v small comp5sation1 z 0 g5]ally ! case at fir/1 !y w\ld /ret* !mselves on ! gr\nd1 & ) a sleepy look1 & lazy tone1 w\ld say1 ,o1 ,i c't d x1 sir4 ,sometimes ! applicants w\ld turn away at once1 ?9k+ t !y 7 unwill+ to "w1 & curs+ ! lazy devils2 b occasionally !y w\ld try ! efficacy ( (f]+ a l>g] comp5sation1 :5 in/antly ! negroes w\ld spr+ to _! feet1 & ! l\ng+ in]t mass w\ld appe> all activity4 ,we are v will+ to hold up ,mr4 ,p z a specim5 ( :at color$ p g5]ally may become ) prop] cultivation1 or to use ! language ( "o ( _! own numb]1,a ) free m9ds & space to rise4 ,footnote ,a3 ,?omas ,c4 ,br[n1 :o r5\nc$ colonization1 return$ f a disa/r\s & almo/ fatal exp$ition to ,lib]ia1 & aft]w>ds w5t to ! ,we/ ,indies1 9 que/ ( a free c\ntry4 ,we h purposely refra9$ f speak+ ( ,mrs4 ,p41 le/ any ?+ we %\ld be will+ to say respect+ h]1 might seem to be adulation4 ,h[ev]1 hav+ allud$ to h]1 we w say t x has seldom fall5 to our lot to meet ) h] sup]ior4 ,,breakfa/ ,,at ,,mr4 ,,london ,,b\rne',s4 ,aft] :at has be5 said 9 ?is *apt] to try ! pati5ce & irritate ! n]ves ( ! prejudic$1 if !re %\ld be su* among our read]s1 !y w d\btless deem x q intol]able to be introduc$1 n z hi!rto to a family 9 ^: faces ! l9eam5ts & ! complexion ( ! :ite man are disc]nible1 reliev+ ! ebon hue1 b to a h\sehold ( g5u9e unadult]at$ negroes4 ,we cordially accept$ an invitation to breakfa/ ) ,mr4 ,london ,b\rne4 ,if ! read]'s horror ( amalgamation does n all[ him to jo9 u at ! table1 p]haps he w cons5t to retire to ! p>lor1 :5ce1 )\t fe> ( contam9ation1 he may safely view u ?r\gh ! fold+ doors1 & note d[n our sev]al positions ar\nd ! bo>d4 ,at ! head ( ! table presides1 ) mu* dignity1 ,mrs4 ,b\rne2 at ! end opposite1 sits ,mr4 ,b\rne--bo? ( ! glossie/ jet2 ! ?ick matt$ hair ( ,mr4 ,b4 slightly fro/$ ) age4 ,he has an affable1 op5 c\nt5ance1 9 :i* ! radiance ( an amiable _s1 & ! lu/re ( a sprightly intellect1 happily comm+le1 & illum9ate ! sable cov]+4 ,on ei!r h& ( ,mr4 ,b4 we sit1 occupy+ ! po/s ( honor4 ,on ! "r & left ( ,mrs4 ,b41 & at ! opposite corn]s f u1 sit two o!r gue/s1 "o a color$ m]*ant1 & ! o!r a "y son-9-law ( ,mr4 ,b41 ^: face is ! v d\ble extract ( blackness2 = :i* 8 intellig5ce1 ! spl5dor ( 8 dress1 & ! elegance ( 8 mann]s1 c make to be sure b slight atonem5t6 ,! middle seats are fill$ on ! "o side by an unm>ri$ daught] ( ,mr4 ,b41 & on ! o!r side by a promis+ son ( elev51 :o is to />t on ! morr[ = ,ed9burgh1 :]e he is to rema9 until he has receiv$ ! honors ( ,scotl&'s f> fam$ univ]sity4 ,we %all d\btless be ?\ght by "s ( our read]s to glory 9 our %ame4 ,be x s4 ,we did glory 9 jo9+ ! company :i* we h j describ$4 ,on ! pres5t occasion we _h a fair opportunity ( te/+ ! m]its ( an unmix$ negro p>ty1 & ( det]m9+ h[ f> ! v>i\s excell5ces ( ! g5tlem5 & ladies previ\sly notic$ 7 attributable to ! admixture ( ,engli% blood4 ,we are compell$ 9 c&or to say2 t ! company ( blacks did n fall a :it bel[ ^? ( ! color$ race 9 any respect4 ,we conv]s$ on ! same g5]al topics1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 7 introduc$ :]e-ev] we w5t4 ,! g5tlem5 %[$ an intimate acqua9tance ) ! /ate ( ! colony1 ) ! m]its ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em1 & ) ! movem5ts ( ! colonial gov]nm5t4 ,z = ,mrs4 ,b41 %e presid$ at ! table ) great ease1 dignity1 self-possession1 & grace4 ,h] occasional rem>ks1 made ) g5u9e mode/y1 indicat$ good s5se & discrim9ation4 ,among o!r topics ( conv]sation1 prejudice 0 n =gott54 ,! company 7 inquisitive z to ! ext5t ( x 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we in=m$ !m t x appe>$ to be /ronge/ 9 ^? /ates :i* held no slaves1 t x prevail$ among pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians1 & t x 0 mo/ manife/ly se5 9 ! h\se ( ,god4 ,we also intimat$1 9 z delicate a mann] z possible1 t 9 almo/ any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates su* a table-sc5e z we !n pres5t$ w\ld be reprobat$ & d5\nc$1 if inde$ x escap$ ! summ>y v5geance ( ! mob4 ,we 7 highly gratifi$ ) _! views ( ! prop] way = ! color$ p to act 9 respect to prejudice4 ,!y said !y 7 p]suad$ t _! policy 0 to wait pati5tly = ! op]ation ( ^? influ5ces :i* 7 n[ at "w = ! removal ( prejudice4 ,social int]c\rse1 !y said1 0 n a ?+ to be ga9$ by pu%+4 ,!y c\ld n g to x1 b x w\ld come to !m4 ,x 0 = !m h[ev]1 to ma9ta9 an upright1 dignifi$ c\rse1 to be uni=mly c\rte\s1 to seek ! cultivation ( _! m9ds1 & /rive zeal\sly = sub/antial wor?1 & by su* means1 & su* alone1 !y c\ld aid 9 ov]com+ prejudice4 ,mr4 ,b\rne 0 a slave until he 0 tw5ty-?ree ye>s old4 ,he 0 pur*as$ by 8 fa!r1 a free negro1 :o gave five hundr$ doll>s = him4 ,8 "m & f\r bro!rs 7 b\ght at ! same "t = ! sum ( two ?\s& five hundr$ doll>s4 ,he spoke v k9dly ( 8 =m] ma/]4 ,by indu/ry1 hone/y1 & close att5tion to bus9ess1 ,mr4 ,b4 has n[ become a weal?y m]*ant4 ,he owns ?ree /ores 9 ,bridget[n1 lives 9 v g5teel /yle 9 8 own h\se1 & is wor? f tw5ty to ?irty ?\s& doll>s4 ,he is highly respect$ by ! m]*ants ( ,bridget[n = 8 integrity & bus9ess tal5ts4 ,by :at means ,mr4 ,b4 has acquir$ s mu* g5]al in=mation1 we are at a loss to conjecture4 ,al?\gh we did n ourselves ne$ ! evid5ce ( 8 possess+ extraord9>y tal5ts1 indu/ry1 & p]sev]ance1 yet we are happy to pres5t our read]s ) su* tangible pro(s--pro(s :i* are read 9 e language1 & :i* pass curr5t 9 e nation4 ,! =ego+ sket*es are suffici5t to give a g5]al idea ( ! color$ p ( ,b>badoes4 ,p]*ance we may h tak5 too great lib]ties ) ^? ^: hospitalities we enjoy$2 %\ld ?is ev] fall "u _! notice1 we d\bt n !y w fully appreciate ! motives :i* h actuat$ u 9 mak+ !m public4 ,we are only sorry1 = _! sakes1 & especially = t ( our cause1 t ! del9eations are s imp]fect4 ,t ! above specim5s are an exact lik5ess ( ! mass ( color$ p we d n pret5d2 b we d affirm1 t !y are z true an index to ! :ole community1 z ! m]*ants1 physicians1 & me*anics ( any ( our villages are to ! entire population4 ,we mu/ say1 also1 t families ( equal m]it are by no means r>e among ! same p4 ,we might m5tion _m names :i* des]v$ly rank z high z ^? we h specifi$4 ,"o ( ! weal?ie/ m]*ants 9 ,bridget[n is a color$ g5tleman4 ,he has 8 m]cantile ag5ts 9 ,engl&1 ,engli% cl]ks 9 8 employ1 a bran* e/abli%m5t 9 ! city1 & sup]9t5ds ! conc]ns ( an ext5sive & complicat$ bus9ess ) di/+ui%$ ability & success4 ,a l>ge portion1 ( n a majority ( ! m]*ants ( ,bridget[n are color$4 ,"s ( ! mo/ popul> in/ructors are color$ m5 & ladies1 & "o ( ^! ranks high z a tea*] ( ! anci5t & mod]n languages4 ,! mo/ effici5t & ent]pris+ me*anics ( ! city1 are color$ & black m54 ,!re is sc>cely any l9e ( bus9ess :i* is n ei!r %>$ or engross$ by color$ p]sons1 if we except t ( b>b]4 ,! only b>b] 9 ,bridget[n is a :ite man4 ,t s _m ( ! color$ p %\ld h obta9$ weal? & education is matt] ( a/oni%m5t1 :5 we consid] ! num]\s disc\ragem5ts ) :i* !y h ev] be5 doom$ to /ruggle4 ,! pa?s ( political di/9ction h be5 b>r$ aga9/ !m by an arbitr>y d5ial ( ! "r ( suffrage1 & consequ5t ineligibility to (fice4 ,?us a l>ge & p[]ful class ( incitem5ts to m5tal ef=t1 :i* h be5 op]at+ cont9ually ^u ! :ites1 h nev] once /irr$ ! s5sibilities nor wak$ ! ambition ( ! color$ community4 ,p>5ts1 h[ev] weal?y1 _h no inducem5t to educate _! sons = ! le>n$ pr(essions1 s9ce no =ce ( tal5t nor ext5t ( acquirem5t c\ld hope to break d[n ! granite walls & iron b>s :i* prejudice _h erect$ r\nd ! pulpit1 ! b>1 & ! b5*4 ,f ! same cause !re 0 v little enc\ragem5t to acquire prop]ty1 to seek education1 to labor = ! graces ( cultivat$ mann]s1 or ev5 to aspire to ord9>y respectability1 s9ce n ev5 ! poor favor ( social int]c\rse ) ! :ites1 ( p>ticipat+ 9 ! civilities & c\rtesies ( e day life1 0 grant$ !m4 ,! cru%+ p[] ( a prevail+ lic5ti\sness1 has also be5 add$ to ! o!r disc\ragem5ts ( ! color$ p4 ,:y %\ld p>5ts labor to amass weal? en\gh1 & mu* ( c\rse x requir$1 to s5d _! daught]s to ,europe to receive _! educations1 if !y 7 to return only to become ! victims ( an all-:elm+ concub9ism6 ,x is a fact1 t 9 _m cases "y ladies1 :o h be5 s5t to ,engl& to receive education1 h1 aft] accompli%+ !mselves 9 all ! graces ( womanhood1 return$ to ! isl& to become ! concub9es ( :ite m54 ,hi!rto ?is vice has swept ov] ! color$ community1 ga!r+ its repeat$ conscriptions ( beauty & innoc5ce f ! highe/ z well z ! l[e/ families4 ,color$ ladies h be5 taught to believe t x 0 m honorable1 & q z virtu\s1 to be ! kept mi/resses ( :ite g5tlem51 ?an ! lawfully w$d$ wives ( color$ m54 ,we repeat ! rem>k1 t ! actual progress :i* ! color$ p ( ,b>badoes h made1 :ile labor+ "u s _m depress+ influ5ces1 %\ld excite our a/oni%m5t1 &1 we add1 our admiration too4 ,our acqua9tance ) ?is p 0 at a v int]e/+ p]iod--j :5 !y 7 beg9n+ to be reliev$ f ^! disc\ragem5ts1 & to feel ! reg5]at+ _s ( a new era4 ,x 0 to u l walk+ ?r\gh a g>d5 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,we c\ld see ! "y buds ( hope1 ! fir/ bur/s ( ambition1 ! e>ly up-%oots ( confid5t aspiration1 & occasionally ! op5+ bloom ( assurance4 ,! /> ( hope _h ris5 ^u ! color$ p1 & !y 7 beg9n+ to realize t _! day _h come4 ,! long w9t] ( _! woes 0 melt+ into glori\s summ]4 ,civil immunities & political privileges 7 j be=e !m1 ! le>n$ pr(essions 7 op5+ to !m1 social equality & honorable dome/ic connections w\ld soon be !irs4 ,p>5ts 7 mak+ fre% ef=ts to e/abli% s*ools = ! *ildr51 & to s5d ! *oice/ ( _! sons & daught]s to ,engl&4 ,!y rejoic$ 9 ! privileges !y 7 secur+1 & !y anticipat$ ) virtu\s pride ! free access ( _! *ildr5 to all ! fields ( ent]prise1 all ! pa?s ( hone/ emulation1 & all ! em95ces ( di/9ction4 ,we rem>k 9 conclusion1 t ! =be>ance ( ! color$ p ( ,b>badoes "u _! complicat$ wrongs is wor?y ( all admiration4 ,alli$1 z _m ( !m are1 to ! fir/ families ( ! isl&1 & gift$ z !y are ) e susceptibility to feel disgrace1 x is a m>vel t !y h n indignantly ca/ (f ! yoke & dem&$ _! political rights4 ,_! wrongs h be5 unprovok$ on _! "p1 & unnatural on ! "p ( ^? :o h inflict$ !m--9 _m cases ! guilty au?ors ( _! be+4 ,! pati5ce & endurance ( ! suff]]s "u su* circum/ances are unexampl$1 except by ! conduct ( ! slaves1 :o1 ?\gh /ill m wrong$1 71 if possible1 /ill m pati5t4 ,we regret to add1 t until lately1 ! color$ p ( ,b>badoes hate be5 f> 9 ! backgr\nd 9 ! cause ( abolition1 & ev5 n[1 ! majority ( !m are ei!r indiff]5t1 or actually ho/ile to emancipation4 ,!y h no fell[ feel+ ) ! slave4 ,9 fact2 !y h _h prejudices aga9/ ! negroes no less bitt] ?an ^? :i* ! :ites h ex]cis$ t[>d !m4 ,!re are _m honorable exceptions to ?is1 z has already be5 %[n2 b su*1 we are assur$1 is ! g5]al fact4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,we are "h rem9d$1 by ! =ce ( contra/1 ( ! noble _s manife/$ by ! free color$ p ( our own c\ntry4 ,z e>ly z #ahag1 a num]\s body ( !m 9 ,philadelphia1 ) ! v5]able ,james ,=t5 at _! head1 pl$g$ !mselves to ! cause ( ! slave 9 ! foll[+ sublime s5tim5t1 :i* des]ves to be engrav] to _! glory on ! granite ( our ev]la/+ hills--,resolv$1 ,t we nev] w sep>ate ourselves volunt>ily f ! slave population 9 ?is c\ntry2 !y are our bre?r5 by ! ties ( consangu9ity1 ( suff]+1 & ( wrong2 & we feel t !re is m virtue 9 suff]+ privations ) !m1 ?an enjoy+ fanci$ advantages = a season4 ,we believe t ?is resolution embodies ! feel+s & det]m9ations ( ! free color$ p g5]ally 9 ! free /ates4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,b>badoes ,,z ,,x ,,01 ,,& ,,is4 ,accord+ to ! decl>ation ( "o ( ! special magi/rates1 ,b>badoes has long be5 di/+ui%$ = its devotion to slav]y4 ,!re is probably no portion ( ! globe :]e slave-hold+1 slave driv+1 & slave labor1 h be5 r$uc$ to a m p]fect sy/em4 ,! records ( slav]y 9 ,b>badoes are /a9$ ) bloody atrocities4 ,! plant]s uni=mly spoke ( slav]y z a sy/em ( cruelties2 b !y express$ !mselves 9 g5]al t]ms4 ,f color$ g5tlem5 we le>n$ "s p>ticul>s1 a few ( :i* we give4 ,to mo/ ( ! foll[+ facts ! n>rators 7 !mselves eye witnesses1 & all ( !m happ5$ 9 _! day & 7 fre% 9 _! memories4 ,! slaves 7 n unfrequ5tly work$ 9 ! /reets ( ,bridget[n ) *a9s on _! wri/s & ankles4 ,flogg+ on ! e/ates & 9 ! t[n1 7 no less public ?an frequ5t1 & !re 0 an utt] %amelessness (t5 9 ! mann] ( its infliction4 ,ev5 wom5 7 /ripp$ nak$ on ! sides ( ! /reets1 & _! backs lac]at$ ) ! :ip4 ,x 0 a common practice1 :5 a slave (f5d$ a :ite man1 = ! ma/] to s5d = a public :ipp]1 & ord] him to take ! slave be=e ! door ( ! p]son (f5d$1 & flog him till ! latt] 0 satisfi$4 ,:ite females w\ld ord] _! male slaves to be /ripp$ nak$ 9 _! pres5ce & flogg$1 :ile !y w\ld look on to see t _! ord]s 7 fai?fully execut$4 ,mr4 ,prescod m5tion$ an in/ance :i* he himself witness$ ne> ,bridget[n4 ,he _h se5 an ag$ female slave1 /ripp$ & :ipp$ by h] own son1 a *ild ( twelve1 at ! comm& ( ! mi/ress4 ,z ! boy 0 small1 ! "m 0 oblig$ to get d[n ^u h] h&s & knees1 s t ! *ild c\ld inflict ! bl[s on h] nak$ p]son ) a rod4 ,?is 0 done on ! public highway1 be=e ! mi/ress's door4 ,mr4 ,t4 well rememb]$ :5 x 0 lawful = any man to %oot d[n 8 slave1 "u no great] p5alty ?an tw5ty-five p\nds curr5cy2 & he knew ( cases 9 :i* ?is _h be5 done4 ,j aft] ! insurrection 9 #ahaf1 :ite m5 made a regul> sport ( %oot+ negroes4 ,mr4 ,t4 m5tion$ "o case4 ,a "y man _h sworn t he w\ld kill t5 negroes be=e a c]ta9 "t4 ,:5 he _h %ot n9e he w5t to take breakfa/ ) a neighbor1 & c>ri$ 8 gun along4 ,! fir/ slave he met on ! e/ate1 he accus$ ( be+ conc]n$ 9 ! rebellion4 ,! negro prote/$ t he 0 innoc5t1 & begg$ = m]cy4 ,! man told him to be gone1 & z he turn$ to g away1 he %ot him dead4 ,hav+ fulfill$ 8 bloody pl$ge1 ! "y knight ate 8 breakfa/ ) a reli%4 ,mr4 ,h4 said t a plant] once1 9 a "t ( p]fect peace1 w5t to 8 door & call$ "o ( 8 slaves4 ,! negro made "s reply :i* ! ma/] con/ru$ into insol5ce1 & 9 a great rage he swore if he did n come to him imm$iately he w\ld %oot him4 ,! man repli$ he hop$ massa wan't 9 e>ne/4 ',i'll %[ y :e!r ,i am 9 e>ne/1' said ! ma/]1 & ) t he levell$ 8 rifle1 took delib]ate aim1 & %ot ! negro on ! spot4 ,he di$ imm$iately4 ,?\gh great ef=ts 7 made by a few color$ m5 to br+ ! murd]] to puni%m5t1 !y 7 all ineffectual4 ,! evid5ce aga9/ him 0 cle> en\gh1 b ! influ5ce 9 8 favor 0 s /rong t he f9ally escap$4 ,dungeons 7 built on all ! e/ates1 & !y 7 (t5 abom9ably fil?y1 & infe/$ ) loa?some & v5om\s v]m94 ,= slight (f5ces ! slaves 7 ?ru/ into ^! prisons = sev]al successive nights--be+ dragg$ out e morn+ to "w dur+ ! day4 ,v>i\s modes ( torture 7 employ$ ^u ^? :o 7 consign$ to ! dungeon4 ,!re 7 /ocks = _! feet1 & !re 7 /aples 9 ! floor = ! ankles & wri/s1 plac$ 9 su* a position z to keep ! victim /ret*$ out & ly+ on 8 face4 ,mr4 ,h4 describ$ "o mode :i* 0 call$ ! cab94 ,a n>r[ bo>d1 only wide en\gh = a man to lie ^u1 0 fix$ 9 an incl9$ position1 & elevat$ consid]ably above ! gr\nd4 ,! (f5d+ slave 0 made to lay ^u ?is bo>d1 & a /rong rope or *a91 0 ti$ ab\t 8 neck & fa/5$ to ! ceil+4 ,x 0 s arrang$1 t if he %\ld fall f ! plank1 he w\ld inevitably hang by 8 neck4 ,ly+ 9 ?is position all night1 he 0 m likely ?an n to fall asleep1 & !n !re 7 n9ety-n9e *ances to "o t he w\ld roll (f 8 n>r[ b$ & be kill$ be=e he c\ld awake1 or h "t to extricate himself4 ,p]adv5ture ?is is ! explanation ( ! anxiety ,mr4 ---- ( ----1 us$ to feel1 :5 he _h conf9$ "o ( 8 slaves 9 ! dungeon4 ,he /at$ t he w\ld frequ5tly wake up 9 ! night1 0 re/less1 & c\ldn't sleep1 f fe> t ! prison] w\ld kill himself be=e morn+4 ,x 0 common = ! plant]s ( ,b>badoes1 l ^? ( ,antigua1 to decl>e t ! greate/ bless+ ( abolition to !m1 0 t x reliev$ !m f ! disagreeable "w ( flogg+ ! negroes4 ,we _h ! unsolicit$ te/imony ( a plant]1 t slave mo!rs frequ5tly poison$1 & o!rwise murd]$1 _! "y infants1 to rid !m ( a life ( slav]y4 ,:at a horrible comm5t ?is ^u ! cruelties ( slav]y6 ,sc>ce has ! "m giv5 bir? to h] *ild1 :5 %e becomes its murd]]4 ,! slave-"m's joy beg9s1 n l t ( o!r mo!rs1 :5 a man is born into ! _w1 b :5 h] infant is hurri$ out ( exi/5ce1 & its fir/ fa9t cry is hu%$ 9 ! sil5ce ( dea?6 ,:y ?is p]v]sion ( nature8 ,ah1 t "m kn[s ! agonies1 ! torm5ts1 ! wa/+ woes1 ( a life ( slav]y1 & by ! b[els ( a "m's love1 & ! ye>n+s ( a "m's pity1 %e resolves t h] babe %all nev] "k ! same4 ,o1 e/imate :o c1 h[ _m groans h gone up f ! cane field1 f ! boil+-h\se1 f ar\nd ! w9d mill1 f ! bye pa?s1 f ! %ade ( e tree1 f ! recesses ( e dungeon6 ,colonel ,b>r[1 ( ,edgecome e/ate1 decl>$1 t ! habit ( flogg+ 0 s /rong among ! ov]se]s & book-keep]s1 t ev5 n[ !y frequ5tly indulge x 9 ! face ( p5alties & at ! risk ( =feit+ _! place4 ,! descriptions :i* ! special magi/rates give ( ! l[] class ( ov]se]s & ! manag]s ( ! petty e/ates1 furni% data en\gh = judg+ ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y w\ld be likely to act :5 clo!d ) arbitr>y p[]4 ,!y are a l[ ord] ( m51 )\t education1 tra9$ up to use ! :ip1 kn[+ no?+ else save ! art ( flogg+1 ready at any "t to p]jure !mselves 9 any matt] :]e a negro is conc]n$1 c4 ,n[1 may we n ask :at b cruelty1 ! mo/ mon/r\s1 c\ld be expect$ "u a sy/em :]e su* m5 7 con/itut$ law mak]s1 judges1 & execution]s8 ,f ! =ego+ facts1 & ! /ill /rong] circum/antial evid5ce1 we leave ! read] to judge = himself z to ! am\nt ( cruelty att5dant ^u ! reign ( t]ror1 9 ,b>badoes4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 m5tion "o qualification1 )\t :i* a wrong impression may be made4 ,x has already be5 rem>k$ t ,b>badoes has1 m ?an any o!r isl&1 r$uc$ slave labor & sug> cultivation to a regul> sy/em4 ,?is ! plant]s h be5 compell$ to d f ! d5s5ess ( _! population1 ! smallness ( _! t]ritory1 ! fact t ! l& 0 all occupi$1 & /ill m1 because ! isl&1 f long cont9u$ cultivation1 0 p>tly worn out4 ,a prom95t feature 9 _! sy/em 01 !oretically at lea/1 good bodily treatm5t ( ! slaves1 good fe$+1 att5tion to mo!rs1 to pregnant wom51 & to *ildr51 9 ord] t ! e/ates might always be kept well /ock$ ) good-condition$ negroes4 ,!y 7 consid]$ ! be/ manag]s1 :o increas$ ! population ( ! e/ates mo/ rapidly1 & (t5 premiums 7 giv5 by ! attorneys to su* manag]s4 ,ano!r feature 9 ! ,b>badoes sy/em 0 to raise suffici5t provisions 9 ! isl& to ma9ta9 ! slaves1 or1 9 plant]'s phrase1 to fe$ ! /ock1 )\t be+ dep5d5t ^u =eign c\ntries4 ,?is made ! supplies ( ! slaves m c]ta9 & m abundant4 ,f sev]al circum/ances 9 ! condition ( ,b>badoes1 x is manife/1 t !re 7 few] motives to cruelty !re ?an exi/$ 9 o!r isl&s4 ,fir/1 ! slave population 0 abundant1 !n ! :ole ( ! isl& 0 "u cultivation1 & aga9 ! l&s 7 old & becom+ exhau/$4 ,n[1 if ei!r "o ( ^! ?+s _h n be5 true1 if ! numb] ( slaves _h be5 inadequate to ! cultivation1 or if va/ tracts ( l&1 z 9 ,jamaica1 ,tr9idad1 & ,dem]>a1 _h be5 uncultivat$1 or 7 be+ br\ght into cultivation2 or1 aga91 if ! l&s "u cultivation _h be5 fre% & f]tile1 s z to be> pu%+1 !n x is pla9 t !re w\ld h be5 inducem5ts to h>d driv+1 :i*1 z ! case 01 did n exi/4 ,su* is a p>tial view ( ,b>badoes z x 01 t\*+ ! matt] ( cruelty4 ,we say p>tial1 = we h omitt$ to m5tion ! sell+ ( slaves f "o e/ate to ano!r1 :]eby families 7 sep>at$1 almo/ z effectually z ?\gh an ocean int]v5$4 ,we h omitt$ to notice ! transportation ( slaves to ,tr9idad1 ,b]bice1 & ,dem]>a1 :i* 0 made an op5 traffic until prohibit$ 9 #ahbg1 & 0 aft]w>ds cont9u$ ) b little abatem5t by evasions ( ! law4 ,f ! pa9ful contemplation ( all ?is outrage & wrong1 ! m9d is reliev$ by turn+ to ! pres5t /ate ( ! colony4 ,x _c be d5i$ t mu* oppression gr[s out ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em1 bo? f its ess5tial nature1 & f ! want ( virtu\s pr9ciple & indep5d5ce 9 ! m5 :o adm9i/] x4 ,yet x is c]ta9ly true t !re has be5 a v great dim9ution 9 ! am\nt ( actual cruelty4 ,! total abolition ( flogg+ on ! e/ates1 ! prohibition to use ! dungeons1 & depriv+ ! ma/]s1 manag]s1 ov]se]s & driv]s1 ( ! "r to puni% 9 any case1 or 9 any way :atev]1 leave no room = d\bt on ?is subject4 ,x is true1 t ! laws are (t5 violat$1 b ?is c only take place 9 cases ( excessive passion1 & x is n likely to be a v frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! p5alty ( ! law is s heavy1,a & ! *ances ( detection,b are s great1 t 9 all ord9>y circum/ances !y w be a suffici5t security aga9/ ! viol5ce ( ! ma/]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! special magi/rates !mselves seldom use ! :ip1 b resort to o!r modes ( puni%m5t less cruel & degrad+4 ,besides1 x is manife/ t if !y did use ! :ip & 7 ev] s cruelly dispos$1 x w\ld be physically impossible = !m to inflict z mu* suff]+ z ! driv]s c\ld dur+ slav]y2 on acc\nt ( ! va/ numb]s ov] :om !y preside4 ,we le>n$ f ! appr5tices !mselves1 by conv]s+ ) !m1 t _! condition1 9 respect to treatm5t1 is incomp>ably bett] ?an x 0 dur+ slav]y4 ,we 7 satisfi$ f our obs]vations & inquiries1 t ! plant]s1 at lea/ ! m ext5sive & enlight5$ ones1 conduct _! e/ates on diff]5t pr9ciples f ^? =m]ly foll[$4 ,be=e ! abolition ( slav]y1 !y reg>d$ ! :ip z absolutely necess>y to ! cultivation ( sug>1 & h5ce !y uni=mly us$ x1 & l\dly deprecat$ its abolition z be+ _! c]ta9 ru94 ,b s9ce ! :ip has be5 aboli%$1 & ! plant]s h f\nd t ! negroes cont9ue1 nev]!less1 indu/ri\s & subord9ate1 !y h *ang$ _! measures1 p>tly f necessity1 & p>tly f policy1 h adopt$ a conciliatory c\rse4 ,footnote ,a3 ,a f9e ( sixte5 doll>s = ! fir/ assault1 & ! lib]ation ( ! appr5tice aft] a second4 ,footnote ,b3 ,?r\gh ! compla9t ( ! appr5tice to ! special magi/rate ,b>badoes 0 n )\t its insurrections dur+ slav]y4 ,al?\gh n v frequ5t1 !y left ^u ! m9ds ( ! :ite coloni/s ?is conviction1 7repeat$ly express$ to u by plant]s & o!rs17 t slav]y & rebellions are insep>able4 ,! la/ widely ext5d$ insurrection occurr$ 9 #ahaf1 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! isl&4 ,"s ( ! p>ticul>s 7 giv5 u by a plant] :o resid$ to t region1 & suff]$ by x great loss ( prop]ty4 ,! plot 0 s cauti\sly laid1 & kept s secret1 t no "o suspect$ x4 ,! plant] obs]v$ t if any "o _h told him t su* a ?+ 0 brew+ t5 m9utes be=e x bur/ =?1 he w\ld n h cr$it$ ! /atem5t4 ,x began ) fir+ ! cane-fields4 ,a signal 0 giv5 by a man sett+ fire to a pile ( tra% on an elevat$ spot1 :5 in/antly ! fires broke out 9 e direction1 & 9 less ?an a half h\r1 m ?an "o hundr$ e/ates 7 9 flames4 ,! plant]s & _! families1 9 ! utmo/ al>m1 ei!r fl$ into o!r p>ts ( ! isl&1 or seiz$ _! arms & hurri$ly mu/]$ 9 self-def5ce4 ,mean:ile ! negroes1 :o _h b&$ !mselves 9 num]\s companies1 took advantage ( ! g5]al con/]nation1 proce$$ to ! des]t$ mansions ( ! plant]s1 broke d[n ! doors1 batt]$ 9 ! w9d[s1 de/roy$ all ! furniture1 & c>ri$ away ! provision /ores to _! own h\ses4 ,^! ravages cont9u$ = ?ree days1 dur+ :i*1 ! slaves flock$ toge!r 9 increas+ numb]s2 9 "o place !re 7 sev]al ?\s&s assembl$4 ,above five hundr$ ( ! insurg5ts 7 %ot d[n by ! militia1 be=e !y c\ld be arre/$4 ,! de/ruction ( prop]ty dur+ ! rebellion 0 loosely e/imat$ at _m hundr$ ?\s& p\nds4 ,! canes on _m e/ates 7 almo/ :olly burn$2 s t ext5sive prop]ties1 :i* ord9>ily yield$ f two to ?ree hundr$ hog%eads1 did n make m ?an fifte5 or tw5ty4 ,our in=mant m5tion$ two circum/ances :i* he consid]$ rem>kable4 ,"o 01 t ! insurg5ts nev] t\*$ ! prop]ty ( ! e/ates to :i* !y sev]ally belong$2 b w5t to ! neighbor+ or m di/ant e/ates4 ,! o!r 01 t dur+ ! :ole insurrection ! negroes did n make a s+le attempt to de/roy life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! sacrifice ( negroes dur+ ! rebellion1 & subsequ5t to x1 0 appall+4 ,x 0 a long "t be=e ! :ite man's ?ir/ = blood c\ld be satiat$4 ,no g5]al insurrection occurr$ aft] ?is "o4 ,h[ev]1 z late z #ahbc1 ! proprietor ( ,m\nt ,wilton--! noble/ e/ate 9 ! isl&--0 murd]$ by 8 slaves 9 a mo/ horrid mann]4 ,a numb] ( m5 ent]$ 8 b$-*amb] at night4 ,he awoke ere !y rea*$ him1 & grasp$ 8 sword1 :i* always hung by 8 b$1 b x 0 wre/$ f 8 h&1 & he 0 mangl$ & kill$4 ,8 dea? 0 caus$ by 8 cruelties1 & especially by 8 extreme lic5ti\sness4 ,all ! females on ?is e/ate 7 made successively ! victims ( 8 lu/4 ,?is1 toge!r ) 8 cruelties1 s inc5s$ ! m51 t !y det]m9$ to murd] ! wret*4 ,sev]al ( !m 7 publicly execut$4 ,next to ! actual occurr5ce ( rebellions1 ! fe> ( !m des]ves to be enum]at$ among ! evils :i* slav]y entail$ ^u ,b>badoes4 ,! dread ( hurricanes to ! p ( ,b>badoes is tol]able 9 comp>ison ) ! irrepressible appreh5sions ( bloody rebellions4 ,a plant] told u t he seldom w5t to b$ )\t ?9k+ he might be murd]$ be=e morn+4 ,b n[ ! :ites are satisfi$ t slav]y 0 ! sole in/igator ( rebellions1 & s9ce its removal !y h no fe> on ?is score4 ,lic5ti\sness 0 ano!r ( ! fruits ( slav]y4 ,x w be difficult to give to ! read] a prop] conception ( ! preval5ce ( ?is vice 9 ,b>badoes1 & ( ! consequ5t demoralization4 ,a num]\s color$ population 7 bo? ! (fspr+ & ! victims ( x4 ,on a v mod]ate calculation1 n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( ! pres5t adult color$ race are illegitimate4 ,concub9age 0 practis$ among ! highe/ classes4 ,"y m]*ants & o!rs :o 7 unm>ri$1 on fir/ go+ to ! isl&1 regul>ly engag$ color$ females to live ) !m z h\sekeep]s & mi/resses1 & x 0 n unusual = a man to h m ?an "o4 ,! *ildr5 ( ^! connections usually sat ) ! mo!rs at ! fa!r's table1 ?\gh :5 ! g5tlem5 _h company1 nei!r mo!rs nor *ildr5 made _! appe>ance4 ,to su* conduct no disgrace 0 atta*$1 nor 0 any %ame felt by ei!r p>ty4 ,we 7 assur$ t !re are 9 ,bridget[n1 color$ ladies ( respectability1 :o1 ?\gh nev] m>ri$1 h l>ge families ( *ildr5 ^: diff]5t surnames indicate _! diff]5ce ( p>5tage1 b :o probably d n "k _! fa!rs by any o!r tok54 ,^! rem>ks apply to ! t[ns4 ,! morals ( ! e/ates 7 /ill m deplorable4 ,! manag]s & ov]se]s1 commonly unm>ri$1 left no female virtue unattempt$4 ,rew>ds sometimes1 b (t5] ! :ip1 or ! dungeon1 gave !m ! ma/]y 9 po9t ( fact1 :i* ! laws all[$ 9 !ory4 ,to ! slaves m>riage 0 sc>cely kn[n4 ,!y foll[$ ! example ( ! ma/]1 & 7 ready to m9i/] to 8 lu/4 ,! mass ( mulatto population grew pal] z x multipli$1 & cat*+ ! ref9em5t along ) ! t9t ( civilization1 wag$ a w> ^u m>riage :i* _h well nigh expell$ x f ! isl&4 ,su* 0 ,b>badoes "u ! auspices ( slav]y4 ,al?\gh ^! evils /ill exi/1 yet1 s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y1 !re is "o symptom ( return+ purity1 ! s5se ( %ame4 ,concub9age is becom+ disreputable4 ,! color$ females are gr[+ 9 self-respect1 & are beg9n+ to seek regul> connections ) color$ m54 ,!y beg9 to feel 7to use ! language ( "o ( !m7 t ! light is come1 & t !y c no long] h ! apology ( ignorance to plead = _! s94 ,x is ! prevail+ impression among :ites1 color$1 & blacks1 t op5 lic5ti\sness _c long survive slav]y4 ,prejudice 0 ano!r ( ! concomitants ( slav]y4 ,b>badoes 0 prov]bial = x4 ,z f> z 0 practicable1 ! color$ p 7 exclud$ f all bus9ess connections2 ?\gh m]*ants 7 compell$ to make cl]ks ( !m = want ( bett]1 t is1 :it]1 ones4 ,color$ m]*ants ( weal? 7 %ut out ( ! m]*ants' ex*ange1 ?\gh possess$ ( unt>ni%$ integrity1 :ile :ite m5 7 admitt$ z subscrib]s )\t reg>d to "*4 ,x 0 n a little rem>kable t ! rooms occupi$ z ! m]*ants' ex*ange 7 r5t$ f a color$ g5tleman1 or m prop]ly1 a negro2,a :o1 ?\gh himself a m]*ant ( ext5sive bus9ess at home & abroad1 & occupy+ ! floor bel[ ) a /ore1 0 n suff]$ to set 8 foot )9 !m4 ,?is m]*ant1 x w be rememb]$1 is educat+ a son = a le>n$ pr(ession at ! univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,color$ g5tlem5 7 n all[$ to become memb]s ( lit]>y associations1 nor subscrib]s to ! t[n libr>ies4 ,social int]c\rse 0 utt]ly int]dict$4 ,to visit ! h\ses ( su* m5 z we h already m5tion$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 & especially to sit d[n at _! tables1 w\ld h be5 a loss ( ca/e2 al?\gh ! g5try 7 at ! same "t liv+ ) color$ concub9es4 ,b mo/ ( all did ?is wick$ prejudice delight to display itself 9 ! *ur*es4 ,orig9ally1 we believe1 ! despis$ color 0 conf9$ to ! gall]ies1 aft]w>ds x 0 admitt$ to ! seats "u ! gall]ies1 & ultimately x 0 all[$ to ext5d to ! body pews bel[ ! cross aisle4 ,if p]*ance "o ( ! proscrib$ class %\ld ignorantly /ray beyond ^! prec9cts1 & take a seat above ! cross aisle1 he 0 in/antly1 if n =cibly1 remov$4 ,e opportunity 0 malici\sly seiz$ to taunt ! color$ p ) _! complexion4 ,a g5tleman ( ! highe/ wor? /at$ t sev]al ye>s ago he appli$ to ! prop] (fic] = a lic5se to be m>ri$4 ,! lic5se 0 accord+ly made out & h&$ to him4 ,x 0 express$ 9 ! foll[+ insult+ /yle3 ,t---- ,h----1 ,f4,m41 is lic5s$ to m>ry ,h---- ,l----1 ,f4,c4,w4 ,! initials ,f4,m4 /ood = free mulatto1 & ,f4,c4,w4 = free color$ woman6 ,! g5tleman took 8 knife & cut out ! initials2 & 0 !n ?reat5$ ) a prosecution = =g+ 8 lic5se4 ,footnote ,a3 ,mr4 ,london ,b\rne1 ! m]*ant m5tion$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ?is cruel feel+ /ill exi/s 9 ,b>badoes4 ,prejudice is ! la/ vip] ( ! slav]y-g5d]$ brood t dies4 ,b x is evid5tly gr[+ weak]4 ,?is ! read] w inf] f sev]al facts already /at$4 ,! color$ p !mselves are indulg+ sangu9e hopes t prejudice w %ortly die away4 ,!y c\ld discov] a b5d+ on ! "p ( ! :ites1 & an app>5t read9ess to conc$e mu* ( ! gr\nd hi!rto )held4 ,!y in=m$ u t !y _h receiv$ intimations t !y might be admitt$ z subscrib]s to ! m]*ants' ex*ange if !y w\ld apply2 b !y 7 9 no hurry to make ! advances !mselves4 ,!y felt assur$ t n only bus9ess equality1 b social equality1 w\ld soon be !irs1 & 7 wait+ pati5tly = ! c\rse ( ev5ts to br+ !m4 ,!y h too mu* self-respect to sue = ! consid]ation ( _! :ite neighbors1 or to accept x z a condesc5sion & favor1 :5 by a little pati5ce !y might obta9 x on m honorable t]ms4 ,x w d\btless be f\nd 9 ,b>badoes1 z x has be5 9 o!r c\ntries--& p]*ance to ! mortification ( "s lordl+s--t fre$om is a mighty levell] ( human di/9ctions4 ,! pyramid ( pride & prejudice :i* slav]y _h upre>$ !re1 mu/ soon crumble 9 ! du/4 ,indol5ce & ineffici5cy among ! :ites1 0 ano!r prom95t feature 9 slavehold+ ,b>badoes4 ,ent]prise1 public & p]sonal1 has long be5 a /rang] to ! isl&4 ,int]nal improvem5ts1 su* z ! lay+ & repair+ ( roads1 ! erection ( bridges1 build+ :>ves1 pi]s1 c41 7 ei!r :olly neglect$1 or conduct$ 9 su* a li/less mann] z to be a burlesque on ! "n ( bus9ess4 ,x 0 a /&+ task1 requir+ ! comb9$ en]gy ( ! isl&1 to repair ! damages ( "o hurricane be=e ano!r came4 ,! foll[+ circum/ance 0 told u1 by "o ( ! %rewde/ obs]v]s ( m5 & ?+s ) :om we met 9 ,b>badoes4 ,on ! s\!a/]n coa/ ( ! isl& !re is a l[ po9t runn+ f> out into ! sea1 endang]+ all vessels navigat$ by p]sons n well acqua9t$ ) ! isl&4 ,_m vessels h be5 wreck$ ^u x 9 ! attempt to make ,bridget[n f ! w9dw>d4 ,f "t immemorial1 x has be5 9 contemplation to erect a light-h\se on t po9t4 ,e "t a vessel has be5 wreck$1 ! :ole isl& has be5 agog = a light-h\se4 ,public meet+s 7 call$1 & eloqu5t spee*es made1 & resolutions pass$1 to proce$ to ! "w =?)4 ,bills 7 introduc$ into ! assembly1 long spee*es made1 & appropriations vot$ comm5surate ) ! /up5d\s und]tak+4 ,!re ! matt] end$1 & ! excitem5t di$ away1 only to be reviv$ by ano!r wreck1 :5 a simil> sc5e w\ld ensue4 ,! light-h\se is n built to ?is day4 ,9 p]sonal activity1 ! ,b>badians are z sadly defici5t z 9 public _s4 ,london is said to h scores ( weal?y m]*ants :o h nev] be5 beyond its limits1 nor once snuff$ ! c\ntry air4 ,bridget[n1 we %\ld ?9k1 is 9 ?is respect z des]v+ ( ! "n ,little ,london z ,b>badoes is ( ! title ,little ,engl&1 :i* x pr\dly assumes4 ,we 7 cr$ibly in=m$ t !re 7 m]*ants 9 ,bridget[n :o _h nev] be5 (f ! isl& 9 _! lives1 nor m ?an five or six miles into ! c\ntry4 ,! sum total ( _! locomotion might be said to be1 turn+ s(tly to "o side ( _! *airs1 & !n s(tly to ! o!r4 ,hav+ no p]sonal c>es to h>ass !m1 & no political que/ions to agitate !m--hav+ no ext5d$ speculations to pu%1 & no public ent]prises to prosecute1 7save occasionally :5 a wreck on ! s\!rn po9t ?r[s !m into a f]m5t17 ! lives ( ! high] classes seem a p]fect blank1 z x reg>ds e ?+ manly4 ,_! ?\ghts are *iefly occupi$ ) s5sual pleasure1 anticipat$ or enjoy$4 ,! c5tre ( exi/5ce to !m is ! d9n]-table4 ,!y eat & dr9k & sleep1 & !n-- ,eat & dr9k & sleep aga94 ,t ! abolition ( slav]y has laid ! f\ndation = a re=m 9 ?is respect1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,! indol5ce & ineffici5cy ( ! :ite community has gr[n out ( slav]y4 ,x is ! legitimate (fspr+ ( oppression ev]y:]e--"o ( ! burn+ curses :i* x nev] fails to visit ^u its support]s4 ,x may be s]i\sly d\bt$1 h[ev]1 :e!r 9 ,b>badoes ?is evil w t]m9ate ) its cause4 ,!re is !re su* a sup]abundance ( ! labor+ population1 t = a long "t to come1 labor mu/ be v *eap1 & ! habitually indol5t w d\btless pref] employ+ o!rs to "w = !m1 ?an to "w !mselves4 ,if1 !re=e1 we %\ld n see an active _s ( ent]prise at once k9dl+ among ! ,b>badians1 if ! light-h\se %\ld n be build = a qu>t] ( a c5tury to come1 x ne$ n excite our a/oni%m5t4 ,we he>d n a little conc]n+ ! expect$ di/ress ( ^? :ite families ^: prop]ty consi/$ *iefly ( slaves4 ,!re 7 _m su* families1 :o h hi!rto liv$ respectably & indep5d5tly by hir+ out _! slaves4 ,aft] #ahdj1 ^! w be depriv$ ( all _! prop]ty1 & w h no means ( support :atev]4 ,z !y w consid] x degrad+ to "w1 & /ill m s to beg1 !y w be ?r[n into extremely emb>rass+ circum/ances4 ,x is ?\ght t _m ( ?is class w leave ! c\ntry1 & seek a home :]e !y w n be a%am$ to "w = _! subsi/5ce4 ,we 7 =cibly rem9d$ ( ! (t alleg$ objection to emancipation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t x w\ld impov]i% _m excell5t families 9 ! ,s\?1 & drive delicate females to ! di/aff & ! wa%-tub1 ^: h&s h nev] be5 us$ to any ?+--r\gh] ?an ! c[hide4 ,mu* sympa?y has be5 awak5$ 9 ! ,nor? by su* appeals1 & va/ numb]s h be5 l$ by !m to conclude t x is bett] = millions ( slaves to fami% 9 et]nal bondage1 ?an t a few :ite families1 "h & !re scatt]$ ov] ! ,s\?1 %\ld be r$uc$ to ! humiliation ( work+4 ,ho/ility to emancipation prevail$ 9 ,b>badoes4 ,t isl& has always be5 peculi>ly atta*$ to slav]y4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! anti-slav]y agitations 9 ,engl&1 ! ,b>badians di/+ui%$ !mselves by _! invet]ate opposition4 ,z ! gr& result approximat$ !y increas$ _! resi/ance4 ,!y appeal$1 remon/rat$1 begg$1 ?reat5$1 deprecat$1 & imprecat$4 ,!y cont9ually prote/$ t abolition w\ld ru9 ! colony--t ! negroes c\ld nev] be br\ght to "w--especially to raise sug>--)\t ! :ip4 ,!y bo? bes\ght & dem&$ ( ! ,engli% t !y %\ld cease _! int]f]5ce ) _! private affairs & p]sonal prop]ty4 ,aga9 & aga9 !y in=m$ !m t !y 7 :olly disqualifi$1 by _! di/ance f ! colonies1 & _! ignorance ( ! subject1 to d any ?+ respect+ x1 & !y 7 entreat$ to leave ! :ole matt] ) ! colonies1 :o alone c\ld judge z to ! be/ "t & mann] ( mov+1 or :e!r x 0 prop] to move at all4 ,we 7 assur$ t !re 0 n a s+le plant] 9 ,b>badoes :o 0 kn[n to be 9 favor ( abolition1 be=e x took place2 if1 h[ev]1 !re _h be5 "o su*1 he w\ld n h d>$ to av[ 8 s5tim5ts4 ,! anti-slav]y p>ty 9 ,engl& 7 dete/$2 no epi!ts 7 too vile = !m--no curses too bitt]4 ,x 0 a ,b>badian lady :o once exclaim$ 9 a public company 9 ,engl&1 ,o1 ,i wi% we _h ,wilb]=ce 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ,i w\ld be "o ( ! v fir/ to te> 8 he>t out6 ,if su* a felon wi% c\ld escape ! lips ( a female1 & t too amid ! aw+ influ5ce ( ,engli% society1 :at may we conclude 7 ! feel+s ( plant]s & driv]s on ! isl&6 ,! opposition 0 ma9ta9$ ev5 aft] ! abolition ( slav]y2 & !re 0 no colony1 save ,jamaica1 ) :i* ! ,engli% gov]nm5t _h s mu* tr\ble 9 arrang+ ! provisions & conditions "u :i* abolition 0 to take place4 ,f /atem5ts already made1 ! read] w see h[ great a *ange has come ov] ! feel+s ( ! plant]s4 ,he has foll[$ u ?r\gh ?is & ! prec$+ *apt]s1 he has se5 tranquillity tak+ ! place ( insurrections1 a s5se ( security succe$+ to gloomy =bod+s1 & public ord] supplant+ mob law2 he has se5 subord9ation to au?ority1 peacefulness1 indu/ry1 & increas+ morality1 *>act]iz+ ! negro population2 he has se5 prop]ty ris+ 9 value1 crime less5+1 exp5ses ( labor dim9i%+1 ! :ole isl& bloom+ ) unexampl$ cultivation1 & wav+ ) crops unprec$5t$ 9 ! memory ( its inhabitants2 above all1 he has se5 lic5ti\sness decreas+1 prejudice fad+ away1 m>riage ext5d+1 education spread+1 & religion prep>+ to multiply h] *ur*es & mission>ies ov] ! l&4 ,^! are ! bless+ ( abolition--begun only1 & b p>tially realiz$ z yet1 b promis+ a ri* maturity 9 "t to come1 aft] ! "w ( fre$om %all h be5 complet$4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,appr5tice%ip ,,sy/em4 ,! nature ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em may be le>n$ =m ! foll[+ ab/ract ( its provisions1 relative to ! ?ree p>ties *iefly conc]n$ 9 its op]ation--! special magi/rate1 ! ma/]1 & ! appr5tice4 ,,provisions ,,respect+ ,,! ,,special ,,magi/rates4 #a4 ,!y mu/ be disconnect$ ) plant]s & plant]%ip1 t !y may be indep5d5t ( all colonial p>ties & int]e/s :atev]4 #b4 ,! special magi/rates adjudicate only 9 cases :]e ! ma/] & appr5tice are p>ties4 ,(f5ces committ$ by appr5tices aga9/ any p]son n connect$ ) ! e/ates on :i* !y live1 come "u ! cognizance ( ! local magi/rates or ( high] c\rts4 #c4 ,! special ju/ices sit ?ree days 9 ! week at _! (fices1 :]e all compla9ts are c>ri$1 bo? by ! ma/] & appr5tice4 ,! magi/rates d n g ! e/ate1 ei!r to try or to puni% (f5d]s4 ,besides1 ! ?ree days ! magi/rates are requir$ to be at home e ,saturday1 7t be+ ! day on :i* ! appr5tices are dis5gag$17 to give fri5dly advice & in/ruction on po9ts ( law & p]sonal rights to all appr5tices :o may call4 ,,provisions ,,respect+ ,,! ,,ma/]4 #a4 ,! ma/] is all[$ ! gratuit\s labor ( ! appr5tice = =ty-five h\rs ea* week4 ,! sev]al isl&s 7 p]mitt$ by ! ,engli% gov]nm5t to make su* a division ( ?is "t z local circum/ances might seem to require4 ,9 "s isl&s1 z = in/ance 9 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s & ,tortola1 x is spread ov] six days ( ! week 9 proportions ( sev5 & a half h\rs p] day1 ?us leav+ ! appr5tice m]e %r$s ( "t 9 :i* he c accompli% no?+ = himself4 ,9 ,b>badoes1 ! =ty-five h\rs is conf9$ )9 five days1 9 portions ( n9e h\rs p] day4 #b4 ,! all[ances ( food cont9ue ! same z dur+ slav]y1 except+ t n[ ! ma/] may give1 in/ead ( ! all[ance1 a ?ird ( an acre to ea* appr5tice1 b !n he mu/ also grant an additional day e week = ! cultivation ( ?is l&4 #c4 ,! ma/] has no p[] :atev] to puni%4 ,a plant] obs]v$1 if ,i comm& my butl] to /& = half an h\r on ! p>lor floor1 & x c be prov$ t ,i design$ x z a puni%m5t1 ,i may be f9$ = x4 ,! p5alty = ! fir/ (f5ce 7puni%+ an appr5tice7 is a f9e ( five p\nds curr5cy1 or sixte5 doll>s1 & imprisonm5t if ! puni%m5t 0 cruel4 ,= a second (f5ce ! appr5tice is set free4 ,ma/]s frequ5tly d puni% _! appr5tices 9 despite ( all p5alties4 ,a case 9 po9t occurr$ n long s9ce1 9 ,bridget[n4 ,a lady own$ a h&some "y mulatto woman1 :o _h a beautiful head ( hair ( :i* %e 0 v pr\d4 ,! s]vant did some?+ displeas+ to h] mi/ress1 & ! latt] 9 a rage %av$ (f h] hair close to h] head4 ,! girl compla9$ to ! special magi/rate1 & procur$ an imm$iate release f h] mi/ress's s]vice4 #d4 ,x is ! duty ( ! ma/] to make compla9t to ! special magi/rate4 ,:5 ! ma/] *ooses to take ! puni%m5t into 8 own h&1 ! appr5tice has a "r to compla94 #e4 ,! ma/] is oblig$ to sell ! rema9d] ( ! appr5tice's t]m1 :5ev] ! appr5tice signifies a wi% to buy x4 ,if ! p>ties _c agree ab\t ! price1 ! special magi/rate1 9 connection ) two local magi/rates1 appraises ! latt]1 & ! ma/] is b\nd to take ! am\nt ( ! appraisem5t1 :atev] t is4 ,in/ances ( appr5tices pur*as+ !mselves are q frequ5t1 n )/&+ ! t]m ( s]vice is n[ s %ort1 ext5d+ only to ,augu/1 #ahdj4 ,! value ( an appr5tice v>ies f ?irty to "o hundr$ doll>s4 ,,provisions ,,respect+ ,,! ,,appr5tice4 #a4 ,he has ! :ole ( ,saturday1 & ! remnants ( ! o!r five days1 aft] giv+ n9e h\rs to ! ma/]4 #b4 ,! labor does n beg9 s e>ly1 nor cont9ue s late z dur+ slav]y4 ,in/ead ( half pa/ f\r or five o'clock ! appr5tices are call$ out at six o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,!y !n "w till sev51 h an h\r = breakfa/1 aga9 "w f eight to twelve1 h a respite ( two h\rs1 & !n "w till six o'clock4 #c4 ,if an appr5tice hires 8 "t f 8 ma/] z is n unfrequ5tly ! case1 especially among ! non-pra$ials1 he pays a doll> a week1 :i* is two ?irds1 or at lea/ "o half ( 8 e>n+s4 #d4 ,if ! appr5tice has a compla9t to make aga9/ 8 ma/]1 he mu/ ei!r make x dur+ 8 own "t1 or if he pref]s to g to ! magi/rate dur+ "w h\rs1 he mu/ ask 8 ma/] = a pass4 ,if 8 ma/] refuse to give him "o1 he c !n g )\t x4 #e4 ,!re is an unju/ifiable inequality 9 ! appr5tice laws1 :i* 0 po9t$ out by "o ( ! special magi/rates4 ,! ma/] is puni%able only = cruelty or corporeal inflictions1 :]eas ! appr5tice is puni%able = a v>iety ( (f5ces1 su* z idl5ess1 /eal+1 insubord9ation1 insol5ce1 c4 ,! ma/] may be z insol5t & abusive z he *ooses to be1 & ! slave c h no r$ress4 #f4 ,h>d labor1 solit>y conf9em5t1 & ! treadmill1 are ! pr9cipal modes ( puni%m5t4 ,%av+ ! head is sometimes resort$ to4 ,a v sev] puni%m5t frequ5tly adopt$1 is requir+ ! appr5tice to make up = ! "t dur+ :i* he is conf9$4 ,if he is committ$ = t5 work+ days1 he mu/ give ! ma/] t5 successive ,saturdays4 ,?is la/ regulation is p>ticul>ly oppressive & palpably unju/4 ,x matt]s n h[ slight ! (f5ce may h be51 x is discretion>y ) ! special magi/rate to mulct ! appr5tice ( 8 ,saturdays4 ,?is provision really w\ld appe> to h be5 made expressly = ! purpose ( depriv+ ! appr5tices ( _! own "t4 ,x is a direct inducem5t to ! ma/] to compla94 ,if ! appr5tice has be5 abs5t f 8 "w b an h\r1 ! magi/rate may s5t5ce him to give a :ole day 9 return2 consequ5tly ! ma/] is enc\rag$ to m>k ! slighte/ omission1 & to compla9 ( x :e!r x 0 unavoidable or n4 ,,! ,,design ,,( ,,! ,,appr5tice%ip4--,x is a s]i\s "q ) a portion ( ! coloni/s1 :e!r or n ! appr5tice%ip 0 orig9ally design$ z a prep>ation = fre$om4 ,?is h[ev] 0 ! pr(ess$ object ) its advocates1 & x 0 on ! /r5g? ( ?is plausible pret5sion1 d\btless1 t ! measure 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh4 ,we believe x is pretty well und]/ood1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ! colonies2 t x 0 ma9ly int5d$ z an additional comp5sation to ! plant]s4 ,! latt] compla9$ t ! tw5ty millions ( p\nds 0 b a pittance ( ! value ( _! slaves1 & to dr[n _! cries ab\t robb]y & oppression ?is sy/em ( modifi$ slav]y 0 grant$ to !m1 t !y might1 = a t]m ( ye>s1 enjoy ! toil ( ! negro )\t comp5sation4 ,z a mock]y to ! hopes ( ! slaves ?is sy/em 0 call$ an appr5tice%ip1 & x 0 held out to !m z a ne$ful prep>atory /age = !m to pass ?r\gh1 ere !y c\ld rightly appreciate ! bless+s ( entire fre$om4 ,x 0 n wond]ful t !y %\ld be sl[ to appreh5d ! necessity ( s]v+ a six ye>s' appr5tice%ip1 at a bus9ess :i* !y _h be5 all _! lives employ$ 94 ,x is n too mu* to say t x 0 a gr& *eat--a national impo/ure at ! exp5se ( ! poor victims ( oppression1 :om1 ) b5evol5t pret5ces1 x (f]$ up a sacrifice to cupidity & p[]4 ,,practical ,,op]ation ,,( ,,! ,,appr5tice%ip4--,x _c be d5i$ t ?is sy/em is 9 "s respects f> bett] ?an slav]y4 ,_m re/ra9ts are impos$ ^u ! ma/]1 & _m important privileges are secur$ to ! appr5tice4 ,be+ releas$ f ! arbitr>y p[] ( ! ma/]1 is reg>d$ by ! latt] z a va/ /ride t[>ds entire lib]ty4 ,we once ask$ an appr5tice2 if he ?\ght appr5tice%ip 0 bett] ?an slav]y4 ,o yes1 said he1 great deal bett]1 sir2 :5 we 0 slaves1 our ma/]s git mad wid u1 & give u pl5ty ( licks2 b n[1 ?ank ,god1 !y c't t\* u4 ,b ! actual enjoym5t ( ^! advantages by ! appr5tices dep5ds ^u s _m cont+5cies1 su* z ! disposition ( ! ma/]1 & ! fai?fulness ( ! special magi/rate1 t x is left aft] all exce$+ly prec>i\s4 ,a v few obs]vations respect+ ! special magi/rates1 w s]ve to %[ h[ liable ! appr5tice is to suff] wrong )\t ! possibility ( obta9+ r$ress4 ,x is evid5t t ?is w be ! case unless ! special magi/rates are entirely indep5d5t4 ,?is 0 =ese5 by ! ,engli% gov]nm5t1 & !y pret5d$ to provide = x by pay+ ! magi/rates' sal>ies at home4 ,b h[ inadequate 0 _! provision6 ,! sal>ies sc>cely answ] = pocket money 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,?us situat$1 ! magi/rates are cont9ually expos$ to ^? temptations1 :i* ! plant]s c s artfully pres5t 9 ! %ape ( sumptu\s d9n]s4 ,!y d\btless f9d x v conv5i5t1 :5 _! /9t$ purses run l[1 & mutton & w9es run high1 to d z ! ,new ,engl& s*ool ma/] does1 bo>d r\nd2 & consequ5tly ! dep5d5ce ( ! magi/rate ^u ! plant] is ( all ?+s ! mo/ deprecat$ by ! appr5tice4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,! feel+s ( appr5tices on ?is po9t are well illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ anecdote1 :i* 0 relat$ to u :ile 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! gov]nor ( "o ( ! isl&s1 %ortly aft] 8 arrival1 d9$ ) "o ( ! weal?ie/ proprietors4 ,! next day "o ( ! negroes ( ! e/ate said to ano!r1 ,de new gubn] be5 poison'd4 ,:at dat y say8 inquir$ ! o!r 9 a/oni%m5t1 ,de gubn] be5 poison'd4 ,dah1 n[6--,h[ him poison$6 ,him eat massa turtle s\p la/ night1 said ! %rewd negro4 ,! o!r took 8 mean+ at once2 & 8 sympa?y = ! gov]nor 0 turn$ into conc]n = himself1 :5 he p]ceiv$ t ! poison 0 "o f :i* he 0 likely to suff] m ?an 8 excell5cy4 ,cong5iality ( feel+1 habits1 views1 /yle & rank--id5tity ( c\ntry & color--^! p[]ful influ5ces bias ! magi/rate t[>d ! ma/]1 at ! same "t t ! abs5ce ( !m all1 e/range & ev5 repel him f ! appr5tice4 ,!re is /ill an additional consid]ation :i* op]ates aga9/ ! un=tunate appr5tice4 ,! m5 select$ = magi/rates1 are mo/ly (fic]s ( ! army & navy4 ,to ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! arbitr>y habits ( milit>y & naval (fic]s1 & ) ! iron despotism :i* !y ex]cise among ! soldi]s & sailors1,b ! b>e m5tion ( ?is fact is suffici5t to conv9ce !m ( ! un5viable situation ( ! appr5tice4 ,x is at be/ b a gloomy transf] f ! m]cies ( a slave driv]1 to ! ju/ice ( a milit>y magi/rate4 ,footnote ,b3 ,we _h a specim5 ( ! /uff special magi/rates are made ( 9 sail+ f ,b>badoes to ,jamaica4 ,! vessel 0 orig9ally an ,engli% man-(-w> brig1 :i* _h be5 conv]t$ into a /eam]1 & 0 employ$ by ! ,engli% gov]nm5t1 9 convey+ ! isl& mails f ,b>badoes to ,jamaica--to & fro4 ,%e 0 /ill "u ! /rict discipl9e ( a man-(-w>4 ,! s5ior (fic] on bo>d 0 a lieut5ant4 ,?is man 0 "o ( ! v]ie/ savages on e>?4 ,8 passions 7 9 a p]petual /orm1 at "s times high] ?an at o!rs1 occasionally !y blew a hurricane4 ,he qu>rell$ ) 8 (fic]s1 & 8 ord]s to 8 m5 7 always utt]$ 9 oa?s4 ,sc>cely a day pass$ t he did n h "s "o ( 8 sailors flogg$4 ,"o night1 ! cab9 boy left ! wat]-c sitt+ on ! cab9 floor1 in/ead ( putt+ x on ! sidebo>d1 :]e x usually /ood4 ,= ?is (f5ce ! comm&] ord]$ him up on deck aft] midnight1 & made ! qu>t]-ma/] flog him4 ,! in/rum5t us$ 9 ?is case1 7! regul> flogg+ /ick hav+ be5 us$ up by previ\s s]vice17 0 ! comm&]'s cane--a heavy knott$ club4 ,! boy held out "o h& & receiv$ ! bl[s4 ,he h[l$ mo/ pite\sly1 & x 0 "s seconds be=e he recov]$ suffici5tly f ! pa9 to ext5d ! o!r4 ,lay on1 /orm$ ! comm&]4 ,d[n w5t ! cane a second "t4 ,we ?\ght x mu/ h brok5 e bone 9 ! boy's h&4 ,?is 0 repeat$ sev]al times1 ! boy ext5d+ ea* h& alt]nately1 & recoil+ at e bl[4 ,n[ lay on to 8 back1 /]nly vocif]at$ ! comm&]--give x to him--h>d--lay on h>d]4 ,! old seaman1 :o _h "s m]cy 9 8 he>t1 seem$ v lo? to lay out 8 /r5g? on ! boy ) su* a club4 ,! comm&] became furi\s--curs$ & swore--& aga9 yell$1 ,give x to him h>d]1 m--,,m--,,m--!re1 /op4 y inf]nal villa9--speak+ to ! qu>t]-ma/] & us+ ! mo/ horrid oa?s--,y inf]nal villa91 if y d n lay on h>d] ! next "t ,i comm& y1 ,i'll h y put 9 irons4 ,! boy limp$ away1 wri?+ 9 e jo9t1 & cry+ pite\sly1 :5 ! comm&] call$ at him1 ,sil5ce !re1 y imp--or ,i'll give y a second edition4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s ! comm&] did aft] we left ,b>badoes1 0 to h a man flogg$1 & ! la/ ord] we he>d him give z we left ! /eam] at ,k+/on1 0 to put two ( ! m5 9 irons4 ,x is n a little rem>kable t ! appr5tice%ip %\ld be reg>d$ by ! plant]s !mselves1 z well z by o!r p]sons g5]ally ?r\gh\t ! colony1 z m]ely a modifi$ =m ( slav]y4 ,x is common to he> x call$ 'slav]y "u a diff]5t =m1' 'ano!r "n = slav]y1'--'modifi$ slav]y1' 'b little bett] ?an slav]y4' ,nor is ! practical op]ation ( ! sy/em ^u ! ma/] mu* less exceptionable4 ,x takes out ( 8 h& ! p[] ( co]c+ labor1 & provides no o!r /imulus4 ,?us x subjects him to ! necessity ei!r ( resort+ to empty ?reats1 :i* mu/ result only 9 incessant disputes1 or ( condesc5d+ to p]suade & entreat1 aga9/ :i* 8 habits at once rebel1 or ( compla9+ to a ?ird p>ty--an alt]native m revolt+ if possible1 ?an ! =m]1 s9ce x involves ! ackn[l$gm5t ( a high] p[] ?an 8 own4 ,x sets up ov] 8 actions a =eign judge1 at ^: b> he is alike am5able 79 !ory7 ) 8 appr5tice1 be=e ^: tribunal he may be dragg$ at any mom5t by 8 appr5tice1 & f ^: lips he may receive ! humiliat+ s5t5ce ( puni%m5t 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 appr5tice4 ,x introduces betwe5 him & 8 labor]s1 mutual repellancies & e/rangem5t2 x enc\rages ! =m] to ex]cise an au?ority :i* he w\ld n v5ture to assume "u a sy/em ( p]fect fre$om2 x embold5s ! latt] to display an insol5ce :i* he w\ld n h dream$ ( 9 a /ate ( slav]y1 & ?us begett+ 9 ! "o1 ! imp]i\sness ( ! slavehold] )\t 8 p[]1 & 9 ! o!r1 ! indep5d5ce ( ! freeman )\t 8 immunities1 x p]petuates a sc5e ( angry collision1 jeal\sy & hatr$4 ,x does n ev5 s]ve = ! ma/] ! unwor?y purpose = :i* x 0 ma9ly devis$1 viz41 t ( an additional comp5sation4 ,! appr5tice%ip is e/imat$ to be m exp5sive ?an a sy/em ( free labor w\ld be4 ,x is b little less exp5sive ?an slav]y1 & fre$om x is confid5tly expect$ w be consid]ably less4 ,s x w\ld seem t ?is sy/em bur!ns ! ma/] ) mu* ( ! p]plexity1 ! ignom9y & ! exp5siv5ess ( slav]y1 :ile x d5ies him its p[]4 ,su* is ! appr5tice%ip sy/em4 ,a spl5did imposition6--:i* *eats ! plant] ( 8 ga9s1 *eats ! ,briti% nation ( its money1 & robs ! _w ( :at else might h be5 a glori\s example ( imm$iate & entire emancipation4 ,,! ,,appr5tice%ip ,,is ,,no ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,fre$om4--,inde$1 z f> z x c be1 x is an actual disqualification4 ,! te/imony on ?is subject is ample4 ,we r>ely met a plant]1 :o 0 dispos$ to ma9ta9 t ! appr5tice%ip 0 prep>+ ! negroes = fre$om4 ,!y g5]ally admitt$ t ! p 7 no bett] prep>$ = fre$om n[1 ?an !y 7 9 #ahcd2 & "s ( !m did n hesitate to say t ! sole use to :i* !y & _! bro!r plant]s turn$ ! sy/em1 0 to get z mu* "w out ( ! appr5tices :ile x la/$1 z possible4 ,cl]gym5 & mission>ies1 decl>$ t ! appr5tice%ip 0 no prep>ation = fre$om4 ,if x 7 a prep>ation at all1 x w\ld mo/ probably be s 9 a religi\s & educational po9t ( view4 ,we %\ld expect to f9d ! ma/]s1 if labor+ at all to prep>e _! appr5tices = fre$om1 do+ s *iefly by enc\rag+ mission>ies & tea*]s to come to _! e/ates1 & by aid+ 9 ! erection ( *apels & s*ool-h\ses4 ,b ! mission>ies decl>e t !y meet ) little m direct enc\ragem5t n[1 ?an !y did dur+ slav]y4 ,! special magi/rates also te/ify t ! appr5tice%ip is no prep>ation = fre$om4 ,on ?is subject !y are v explicit4 ,! color$ p be> ! same te/imony4 ,n a few1 too1 affirm1 t ! t5d5cy ( ! appr5tice%ip is to unfit ! negroes = fre$om1 & av[ x z _! firm p]suasion1 t ! p w be less prep>$ = lib]ty at ! end ( ! appr5tice%ip1 ?an !y 7 at its comm5cem5t4 ,& x is n )\t reason t !y ?us speak4 ,!y say1 fir/1 t ! bick]+s & disputes to :i* ! sy/em gives rise betwe5 ! ma/] & ! appr5tice1 & ! arraign+ ( ea* o!r be=e ! special magi/rate1 are directly calculat$ to ali5ate ! p>ties4 ,! effect ( ^! cont5tions1 kept up = six ye>s1 w be to implant deep mutual ho/ility2 & ! p>ties w be a hundr$ fold m irreconcilable ?an !y 7 on ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,aga91 !y argue t ! appr5tice%ip sy/em is calculat$ to make ! negroes reg>d law z _! foe1 & ?us x unfits !m = fre$om4 ,!y reason ?us--! appr5tice looks to ! magi/rate z 8 judge1 8 av5g]1 8 protector2 he kn[s no?+ ( ei!r law or ju/ice except z he sees !m exemplifi$ 9 ! decisions ( ! magi/rate4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! magi/rate s5t5ces him to puni%m5t1 :5 he kn[s he 0 ! injur$ p>ty1 he w become disgu/$ ) ! v "n ( ju/ice1 & e/eem law 8 greate/ enemy4 ,! neglect ( ! plant]s to use ! appr5tice%ip z a prep>ation = fre$om1 w>rants u 9 ! conclusion1 t !y d n ?9k any prep>ation necess>y4 ,b we are n conf9$ to d\btful inf]5ces on ?is po9t4 ,!y te/ify positively--& n only plant]s1 b all o!r classes ( m5 likewise--t ! slaves ( ,b>badoes 7 fit = entire fre$om 9 #ahcd1 & t !y might h be5 emancipat$ !n ) p]fect safety4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! s5tim5t ( ! ,b>badians relative to ! necessity ( prep>ation be=e ! exp]im5t 0 made1 x is cle> t n[ !y h no confid5ce ei!r 9 ! necessity or ! practicability ( prep>atory s*emes4 ,b we _c close our rem>ks ^u ! appr5tice%ip sy/em )\t notic+ "o good end :i* x has undesign$ly accompli%$1 i4e41 ! illu/ration ( ! good disposition ( ! color$ p4 ,we firmly believe t if ! fri5ds ( emancipation _h wi%$ to disprove all t has ev] be5 said ab\t ! f]ocity & rev5gefulness ( ! negroes1 & at ! same "t to demon/rate t !y possess1 9 a pre-em95t degree1 ^? o!r qualities :i* r5d] !m ! fit subjects ( lib]ty & law1 !y c\ld n h done x m triumphantly ?an x has be5 done by ! appr5tice%ip4 ,h[ ?is has be5 done may be %[n by po9t+ out sev]al respects 9 :i* ! appr5tice%ip has be5 calculat$ to try ! negro "* mo/ sev]ely1 & to develop all t 0 fi]y & rebelli\s 9 x4 #a4 ,! appr5tice%ip remov$ t /rong arm ( slav]y & sub/itut$ no adequate =ce4 ,! arbitr>y p[] ( ! ma/]1 :i* aw$ ! slave into submission1 0 annihilat$4 ,! :ip :i* 0 held ov] ! slave1 & compell$ a k9d ( subord9ation--brutal1 inde$1 b effectual--0 aboli%$4 ,"h 9 ! outset ! re9s 7 giv5 to ! long-oppress$1 b n[ aspir+ mass4 ,no adequate =ce 0 sub/itut$1 because x 0 ! int5t ( ! new sy/em to gov]n by mild] means4 ,?is 0 well1 b :at 7 ! mild] means :i* 7 to take ! place ( brute =ce8 #b4 ,0 ! /imulus ( wages sub/itut$8 ,no6 ,t 0 expressly d5i$4 ,0 ! lib]ty ( locomotion grant$8 ,no4 ,0 ! privilege ( ga9+ a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! soil ext5d$ to !m8 ,no4 ,7 ! immunities & rights ( citiz5%ip secur$ to !m8 ,no4 ,0 ! poor favor all[$ !m ( select+ _! own bus9ess1 or ( *oos+ _! employ]8 ,n ev5 ?is8 ,?us f>1 !n1 we see no?+ ( ! mild] measures ( ! appr5tice%ip4 ,x has inde$ op5$ ! prison doors & knock$ (f ! prison]s' *a9s--b x /ill keeps !m gr9d+ !re1 z be=e1 & refuses to let !m come =?1 except occasionally1 & !n only to be ?ru/ back aga94 ,is x n ?us directly calculat$ to enc\rage indol5ce & insubord9ation8 #c4 ,9 ! next place1 ?is sy/em introduces a ?ird p>ty1 to :om ! appr5tice is enc\rag$ to look = ju/ice1 r$ress1 & c\nsel4 ,?us he is l$ to reg>d 8 ma/] z 8 enemy1 & all confid5ce 9 him is = ev] de/roy$4 ,b ?is is n ! end ( ! difficulty4 ,! appr5tice c>ries up compla9ts aga9/ 8 ma/]4 ,if !y ga9 a favorable he>+ he triumphs ov] him--if !y are disreg>d$1 he concludes t ! magi/rate also is 8 enemy1 & he goes away ) a rankl+ grudge aga9/ 8 ma/]4 ,?us he is gradually l$ to ass]t 8 own cause1 & he le>ns to cont5d ) 8 ma/]1 to reply insol5tly1 to dispute1 qu>rel1 &--x is well t we _c add1 to fight4 ,at lea/ "o ?+ is ! result--a p]man5t /ate ( ali5ation1 contempt ( au?ority1 & hatr$4 ,all ^! are ! fruits ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em4 ,!y are caus$ by transf]r+ ! p[] ( ! ma/]1 :ile ! relation cont9ues ! same4 ,nor is ?is contempt = ! ma/]1 ?is ali5ation & hatr$1 all ! mis*ief4 ,! unju/ decisions ( ! magi/rate1 ( :i* ! appr5tices h su* abundant reasons to compla91 excite _! abhorr5ce ( him1 & ?us _! confid5ce 9 ! protection ( law is weak5$ or de/roy$4 ,"h1 !n1 is contempt = ! ma/]1 abhorr5ce ( ! magi/rate1 & mi/ru/ ( ! law--! appr5tice reg>d+ all ?ree z leagu$ toge!r to rob him ( 8 rights4 ,:at a comb9ation ( circum/ances to drive ! appr5tices to desp]ation & madness6 ,:at a m>vel t ! outrag$ negroes h be5 re/ra9$ f bloody rebellions6 ,ano!r insurrection>y feature peculi> to ! appr5tice%ip is its mak+ ! appr5tices free a portion ( ! "t4 ,"o f\r? ( ! "t is giv5 !m e week--j en\gh to af=d !m a ta/e ( ! sweets ( lib]ty1 & r5d] !m dissatisfi$ ) _! condition4 ,!n ! mann] 9 :i* ?is "t is divid$ is calculat$ to irritate4 ,aft] be+ a slave n9e h\rs1 ! appr5tice is made a freeman = ! rema9d] ( ! day2 e>ly ! next morn+ ! halt] is aga9 put on1 & he treads ! :eel ano!r day4 ,?us ! week we>s away until ,saturday2 :i* is an entire day ( fre$om4 ,! negro goes out & works = 8 ma/]1 or any "o else1 z he pleases1 & at night he receives 8 qu>t] ( a doll>4 ,?is is some?+ l fre$om1 & he beg9s to h ! feel+s ( a freeman--a light] he>t & m active limbs4 ,he puts 8 money c>efully away at night1 & lays himself d[n to re/ 8 toil-worn body4 ,he awakes on ,sabba? morn+1 & is /ill free4 ,he puts on 8 be/ clo!s1 goes to *ur*1 wor%ips a free ,god1 contemplates a free heav51 sees 8 free *ildr5 ab\t him1 & 8 w$d$ wife2 & ere ! night aga9 returns1 ! consci\sness t he is a slave is q lo/ 9 ! ?\ghts ( lib]ty :i* fill 8 brea/1 & ! associations ( fre$om :i* clu/] ar\nd him4 ,he sleeps aga94 ,monday morn+ he is />tl$ f 8 dreams by ! old %ell-bl[ ( slav]y1 & he arises to endure ano!r week ( toil1 alt]nat$ by ! same tantaliz+ mock]ies ( fre$om4 ,is n ?is apply+ ! hot iron to ! n]ve8 #e4 ,b1 la/ly1 ! appr5tice%ip sy/em1 z if x w\ld apply ! mat* to ?is magaz9e ( combu/ibles1 holds out ! rew>d ( lib]ty to e appr5tice :o %all by any means provoke 8 ma/] to puni% him a second "t4 ,,note4--,9 a =m] "p ( ?is "w--! report ( ,antigua--we m5tion$ hav+ receiv$ in=mation respect+ a numb] ( ! appr5tice%ip isl&s1 viz41 ,dom9ica1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s1 ,nevis1 ,monts]rat1 ,anguilla1 & ,tortola1 f ! ,wesleyan ,mission>ies :om we provid5tially met ) at ! annual di/rict meet+ 9 ,antigua4 ,we design$ to give ! /atem5ts ( ^! m5 at "s l5g? 9 ?is connection1 b we f9d t x w\ld swell our report to too great a size4 ,x only rema9s to say1 !re=e1 9 a ^w1 t ! same ?+s are g5]ally true ( ^? colonies :i* h be5 detail$ 9 ! acc\nt ( ,b>badoes4 ,!re is ! same peaceabl5ess1 subord9ation1 indu/ry1 & pati5t suff]+ on ! "p ( ! appr5tices1 ! same ineffici5cy ( ! appr5tice%ip z a prep>ation = fre$om1 & ! same conviction 9 ! community t ! p w1 if at all affect$ by x1 be less fit = emancipation 9 #ahdj ?an !y 7 9 #ahcd4 ,a %ort call at ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s confirm$ ^! views 9 our m9ds1 s f> z t isl& is conc]n$4 ,:ile 9 ,b>badoes1 we _h repeat$ int]views ) g5tlem5 :o 7 well acqua9t$ ) ! adjac5t isl&s1 ,/4 ,lucia1 ,/4 ,v9c5t's1 ,gr5ada1 c42 "o ( :om 0 a proprietor ( a sug> e/ate 9 ,/4 ,v9c5t's2 & !y assur$ u t !re 0 ! same tranquillity reign+ 9 ^? isl&s :i* we saw 9 ,b>badoes4 ,sir ,evan ,mc,gregor1 :o is ! gov]nor-g5]al ( ! w9dw>d colonies1 & ( c\rse ?or\ghly in=m$ respect+ _! int]nal /ate1 gave u ! same assurances4 ,f ,mr4 ,h41 an ,am]ican g5tleman1 a m]*ant ( ,b>badoes1 & =m]ly ( ,tr9idad1 we ga!r$ simil> in=mation t\*+ t l>ge & 7comp>$ ) ,b>badoes or ,antigua7 semi-b>b>\s isl&4 ,we le>n$ en\gh f ^! au!ntic s\rces to satisfy ourselves t ! v>i\s degrees ( intellig5ce 9 ! sev]al isl&s makes v little diff]5ce 9 ! actual results ( abolition2 b t 9 all ! colonies1 conciliatory & equitable managem5t has nev] fail$ to secure indu/ry & tranquillity4 ,,jamaica4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,k+/on4 ,hav+ drawn out 9 detail ! results ( abolition1 & ! work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em 9 ,b>badoes1 we %all sp>e ! read] a protract$ acc\nt ( ,jamaica2 b ! importance ( t colony1 & ! fact t great] dissatisfaction on acc\nt ( ! abolition ( slav]y has prevail$ !re ?an 9 all ! o!r colonies toge!r1 dem& a c>eful /atem5t ( facts4 ,on l&+ 9 ,jamaica1 we pu%$ onw>d 9 our appropriate inquiries1 sc>cely /opp+ to ca/ a glance at ! t[]+ m\nta9s1 ) _! cl\d-wrea!d tops1 & ! valleys :]e sun%9e & %ade sleep side by side--at ! fr[n+ precipices1 made m awful by ! imp5etrable =e/-foliage :i* %r\ds ! abysses bel[1 leav+ ! impression ( an ocean dep?--at ! broad lawns & magnific5t savannahs gl[+ 9 v]dure & sunlight--at ! pr9cely e/ates & palace mansions--at ! luxuriant cultivation1 & ! sublime solitude ( primeval =e/s1 :]e trees ( e "n1 ! mahogany1 ! boxwood1 ! rosewood1 ! c$>1 ! palm1 ! f]n1 ! bamboo1 ! cocoa1 ! breadfruit1 ! mango1 ! almond1 all gr[ 9 wild confusion1 int]wov5 ) a d5se tangl$ und]gr[?4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,x is less necess>y = u to dwell long on ,jamaica1 ?an x w\ld o!rwise be1 s9ce ! ,engli% g5tlem51 ,messrs4 ,/urge & ,h>vey1 sp5t mo/ ( _! "t 9 t isl&1 & w1 d\btless1 publi% _! inve/igations1 :i* w1 ere long1 be accessible to our read]s4 ,we _h ! pleasure ( meet+ ^! intellig5t philan?ropic & pi\s m5 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & f ! great l5g? ( "t1 & ! sup]ior facilities :i* !y enjoy$ ov] u1 ( ga!r+ a mass ( facts 9 ,jamaica1 we feel assur$ t _! report w be highly int]e/+ & useful1 z well among u z on ! o!r side ( ! wat]4 ,we 7 "o mon? 9 ,jamaica4 ,= ab\t a week we rema9$ 9 ,k+/on1,b & call$ on "s ( ! pr9cipal g5tlem51 bo? :ite & color$4 ,we visit$ ! ,attorney-,g5]al1 ! ,solicitor-,g5]al1 "s ( ! editors1 ! ,bapti/ & ,wesleyan mission>ies1 & sev]al m]*ants4 ,we likewise visit$ ! public s*ools1 ! h\se ( correction1 p5it5ti>y1 hospital1 & o!r public in/itutions4 ,we %all speak briefly ( sev]al individuals :om we saw 9 ,k+/on1 & give "s ( _! /atem5ts4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! *ief t[n ( ! isl&1 ) ab\t =ty ?\s& inhabitants4 ,! ,hon4 ,d[el ,o',reily2 ! ,attorney-,g5]al2 is an ,iri%man1 & ( "o ( ! influ5tial families4 ,9 8 own c\ntry he 0 a prom95t politician1 & a bold advocate ( ,ca?olic ,emancipation4 ,he is decid$ly "o ( ! able/ m5 9 ! isl&1 di/+ui%$ = t simplicity ( mann]s1 & fl[ ( natural b5evol5ce1 :i* are ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,iri%man4 ,he receiv$ 8 pres5t appo9tm5t f ! ,engli% gov]nm5t ab\t six ye>s ago1 & is1 by virtue ( 8 (fice1 a memb] ( ! c\ncil4 ,he decl>$ t ! appr5tice%ip 0 9 no mann] prep>+ ! negroes = fre$om1 b 0 op]at+ 9 a contr>y way1 especially 9 ,jamaica1 :]e x _h be5 made ! in/rum5t ( great] cruelties 9 "s cases1 ?an slav]y itself4 ,mr4 ,o',reily is entirely free f prejudice2 ) all 8 family rank & (ficial /&+1 he id5tifies himself ) ! color$ p z f> z 8 ext5sive pr(essional engagem5ts w all[4 ,hav+ e>ly le>n$ ?is1 we 7 surpris$ to f9d him s highly respect$ by ! :ites4 ,9 our subsequ5t excursions to ! c\ntry1 ! lett]s ( introduction ) :i* he k9dly furni%$ u1 to plant]s & o!rs1 7 uni=mly receiv$ ) av[als ( ! pr(\nde/ respect = him4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 t ,mr4 ,o',reily's atta*m5t to ! cause ( fre$om 9 ! colonies1 is n a m]e p>tizan feel+ assum$ 9 ord] to be 9 keep+ ) ! gov]nm5t "u :i* he holds 8 (fice4 ,! fact ( 8 be+ a ,roman ,ca?olic mu/1 ( itself1 acquit him ( ! suspicion ( any /rong p>tiality = ! ,engli% gov]nm5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8 decid$ ho/ility to ! appr5tice%ip--! favorite (fspr+ ( ,briti% legislation--demon/rates equally 8 s9c]ity & indep5d5ce4 ,we 7 introduc$ to ! ,solicitor-,g5]al1 ,william ,h5ry ,&]son1 ,esq41 ( ,k+/on4 ,mr4 ,a4 is a ,scot*man1 & has resid$ to ,jamaica = m ?an six ye>s4 ,we f\nd him ! fe>less advocate ( negro emancipation4 ,he expos$ ! corruptions & abom9ations ( ! appr5tice%ip )\t res]ve4 ,mr4 ,a4 furni%$ u ) a writt5 /atem5t ( 8 views1 respect+ ! /ate ( ! isl&1 ! condition ( ! appr5tices1 c41 f :i* we "h make a few extracts4 #a4 ,a v mat]ial *ange = ! bett] has tak5 place 9 ! s5tim5ts ( ! community s9ce slav]y 0 aboli%$4 ,religion & education 7 =m]ly oppos$ z subv]sive ( ! security ( prop]ty2 n[ !y are 9 ! mo/ direct mann] enc\rag$ z its be/ support4 ,! value ( all k9ds ( prop]ty has ris5 consid]ably1 & a g5]al s5se ( security appe>s to be rapidly p]vad+ ! public m9d4 ,i h n he>d "o man ass]t t x w\ld be an advantage to return to slav]y1 ev5 7 x practicable2 & ,i believe t ! public is beg9n+ to see t slave labor is n ! *eape/4 #b4 ,! prejudices aga9/ color are rapidly vani%+4 ,i d n ?9k !re is a respectable man1 ,i mean "o :o w\ld be reg>d$ z respectable on acc\nt ( 8 good s5se & weight ( "*1 :o w\ld impugn ano!r's conduct = associat+ ) p]sons ( color4 ,s f> z my obs]vation goes1 ^? :o w\ld =m]ly h act$ on ^! prejudices1 w be a%am$ to own t !y _h ent]ta9$ !m4 ,! di/9ction ( sup]ior acquirem5ts /ill belongs to ! :ites1 z a body2 b t1 & "*1 w %ortly be ! only di/+ui%+ m>k recogniz$ among u4 #c4 ,! appr5tices are improv+1 n1 h[ev]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! appr5tice%ip1 b 9 spite ( x1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ! great act ( abolition6 #d4 ,i ?9k ! negroes might h be5 emancipat$ z safely 9 #ahcd1 z 9 #ahdj2 & _h ! emancipation !n tak5 place1 !y w\ld be f\nd mu* fur!r 9 advance 9 #ahdj1 ?an !y c be aft] ! expiration ( ! pres5t p]iod ( appr5tice%ip1 ?r\gh :i* all1 bo? appr5tices & ma/]s1 are ,,labor+ ,,heavily4 #e4 ,t ! negroes w "w if mod]ately comp5sat$1 no c&id man c d\bt4 ,_! endurance = ! sake ( a v little ga9 is q amaz+1 & !y are mo/ desir\s to procure = !mselves & families z l>ge a %>e z possible ( ! com=ts & dec5cies ( life4 ,!y appe> peculi>ly to rev]5ce & desire intellectual atta9m5ts4 ,!y employ1 occasionally1 *ildr5 :o h be5 taught 9 ! s*ools to tea* !m 9 _! leisure "t to read4 #f4 ,i ?9k ! p>tial modifications ( slav]y h be5 att5d$ by s mu* improvem5t 9 all t con/itutes ! welf>e & respectability ( society1 t ,i _c d\bt ! increase ( ! b5efit 7 a total abolition accompli%$ ( e re/riction t has aris5 out ( ! =m] /ate ( ?+s4 ,dur+ our /ay 9 ,k+/on1 we call$ on ! ,am]ican consul1 to :om we _h a lett] f ! consul at ,antigua4 ,we f\nd him an eld]ly g5tleman1 & a true he>t$ ,virg9ian1 bo? 9 8 g5]osity & 8 prejudices 9 favor ( slav]y4 ,! consul1 ,colonel ,h>rison1 is a ne> relation ( ,g5]al ,w4,h4 ,h>rison1 ( ,ohio4 ,?+s1 he said1 7 go+ ru9\sly 9 ,jamaica4 ,! ,engli% gov]nm5t 7 mad = aboli%+ slav]y4 ,! negroes ( ,jamaica 7 ! mo/ degrad$ & ignorant ( all negroes he _h ev] se54 ,he _h travell$ 9 all our ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & ! ,am]ican negroes1 ev5 ^? ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 7 z mu* sup]ior to ! negroes ( ,jamaica1 z ,h5ry ,clay 0 sup]ior to him4 ,he said !y 7 ! mo/ ungrateful1 fai?less set he ev] saw2 no confid5ce c\ld be plac$ 9 !m1 & k9dness 0 always requit$ by insult4 ,he proce$$ to relate a fact f :i* x appe>$ t ! gr\nd on :i* 8 grave *>ges aga9/ ! negro "* re/$1 0 ! ill-conduct ( "o negro woman :om he _h hir$ "s "t ago to assi/ 8 family4 ,! t[n negroes1 he said1 7 too lazy to "w2 !y loit]$ & l\ng$ ab\t on ! sidewalks all day1 jabb]+ ) "o ano!r1 & keep+ up an incessant noise2 & !y w\ld n suff] a :ite man to ord] !m 9 ! lea/4 ,!y 7 re>+ _! *ildr5 9 p]fect idl5ess & = 8 "p he c\ld n tell :at w\ld become ( ! ris+ population ( blacks4 ,_! p>5ts 7 too pr\d to let !m "w1 & !y s5t !m to s*ool all ! "t4 ,e aft]noon1 he said1 ! /reets are ?rong$ ) ! half-nak$ little black devils1 j broke f ! s*ools1 & all s++ "s noisy tune le>n$ 9 ! infant s*ools2 ! bur!n ( _! songs seems to be1 ,o t w be joyful4 ,^! words1 said he1 are r++ 9 y\r e>s :]ev] y g4 ,h[ aggravat+ truly su* words mu/ be1 bur/+ *e]ily f ! lips ( ! little free song/]s6 ,o t w be joyful1 joyful1 ,,joyful--& s !y r+ ! *anges day aft] day1 ceaseless & untir+4 ,a new song ?is1 well befitt+ ! times & ! prospects1 b provok+ en\gh to oppressors4 ,! consul d5\nc$ he special magi/rates2 !y 7 an insol5t set ( fell[s1 !y w\ld f9e a :ite man z quick z !y w\ld flog a nigg]4,a ,if a ma/] call$ 8 appr5tice y sc\ndrel1 or1 y huzzy1 ! magi/rate w\ld ei!r f9e him = x or reprove him %>ply 9 ! pres5ce ( ! appr5tice4 ,?is1 9 ! eyes ( ! vet]an ,virg9ian1 0 intol]able4 ,outrage\s1 n to all[ a g5tleman to call 8 s]vant :at names he *ooses6 ,we 7 v mu* edifi$ by ! ,colonel's expos ( ,jamaica mann]s4 ,we mu/ say1 h[ev]1 t 8 op9ions _h mu* less weight ) u aft] we le>n$ 7z we did f ! be/ au?ority7 t he _h nev] be5 a half doz5 miles into ! c\ntry dur+ a t5 ye>'s resid5ce 9 ,k+/on4 ,footnote ,a3 ,we fe> !re is too little tru? 9 ?is repres5tation4 ,we call$ on ! ,rev4 ,jona?an ,edmonson1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,wesleyan missions 9 ,jamaica4 ,mr4 ,e4 has be5 = _m ye>s labor+ z a mission>y 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 fir/ 9 ,b>badoes1 !n 9 ,/4 ,v9c5t's1 ,gr5ada1 ,tr9idad1 & ,dem]>a1 & la/ly 9 ,jamaica4 ,he /at$ t ! plant]s 7 do+ comp>atively no?+ to prep>e ! negroes = fre$om4 ,_! :ole object 0 to get z mu* sug> out ( !m z !y possibly c\ld4 ,we receiv$ a call f ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,wooldridge1 "o ( ! ,indep5d5t mission>ies4 ,he ?9ks ! conduct ( ! plant]s is t5d+ to make ! appr5tices _! bitt] enemies4 ,he m5tion$ "o effect ( ! appr5tice%ip :i* _h n be5 po9t$ out to u be=e4 ,! sy/em ( appraisem5t1 he said1 0 a premium ^u all ! bad qualities ( ! negroes & a tax ^u all ! good ones4 ,:5 a p]son is to be apprais$1 8 virtues & 8 vices are always inquir$ into1 & !y mat]ially influ5ce ! e/imate ( 8 value4 ,= example1 ! usual rate ( appraisem5t is a doll> p] week = ! rema9d] ( ! t]m2 b if ! appr5tice is p>ticul>ly sob]1 hone/1 & indu/ri\s1 m p>ticul>ly if he be a pi\s man1 he is valu$ at ! rate ( two or ?ree doll>s p] week4 ,x 0 consequ5tly = ! int]e/ ( ! ma/]1 :5 an appr5tice appli$ = an appraisem5t1 to portray 8 virtues1 :ile on ! o!r h& !re 0 an inducem5t = ! appr5tice to conceal or actually to r5\nce 8 good qualities1 & fo/] ! wor/ vices4 ,"s in/ances ( ?is k9d _h fall5 "u 8 p]sonal obs]vation4 ,we call$ on ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,g>d9]1 & on ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,t9son1 two ,bapti/ mission>ies 9 ,k+/on4 ,on ,sabba? we att5d$ s]vice at ! *ur* ( :i* ,mr4 ,g4 is ! pa/or4 ,x is a v l>ge build+1 capable ( seat+ two ?\s& p]sons4 ,! great mass ( ! congregation 7 appr5tices4 ,at ! "t we 7 pres5t1 ! *apel 0 well fill$1 & ! broad surface ( black faces 0 sc>cely at all div]sifi$ ) light] colors4 ,x 0 gratify+ to witness ! neatness ( dress1 ! sobriety ( demeanor1 ! devotional aspect ( c\nt5ance1 ! quiet & wakeful att5tion to ! prea*] :i* prevail$4 ,!y 7 mo/ly rural negroes f ! e/ates adjac5t to ,k+/on4 ,! ,bapti/s are ! mo/ num]\s body ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! isl&4 ,! numb] ( _! mission>ies n[ 9 ,jamaica is sixte51 ! numb] ( ,*apels is ?irty-"o1 & ! numb] ( memb]s ?irty-two ?\s& n9e hundr$ & sixty4 ,! increase ( memb]s dur+ ! ye> #ahcf 0 ?ree ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & =ty-f\r4 ,at pres5t ! mission>y field is mo/ly engross$ by ! ,bapti/s & ,wesleyans4 ,! ,moravians are ! next mo/ num]\s body4 ,besides ^!1 !re are ! cl]gy ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 ) a ,bi%op1 & a few ,scot* cl]gym54 ,! ,bapti/ mission>ies1 z a body1 h be5 mo/ di/+ui%$ = _! opposition to slav]y4 ,_! boldness 9 ! mid/ ( suff]+ & p]secutions1 _! d5unciations ( oppression1 ?\gh !y did = a "t ar\se ! wra? ( oppressors1 & cause _! *apels to be torn d[n & !mselves to be hunt$1 imprison$1 & bani%$1 did m probably ?an any o!r cause1 to ha/5 ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,s*ools 9 ,k+/on4--,we visit$ ! ,wolm] free s*ool--! l>ge/ & olde/ s*ool 9 ! isl&4 ,! :ole numb] ( s*ol>s is five hundr$4 ,x is "u ! *>ge ( ,mr4 ,reid1 a v5]able ,scot*man1 ( s*ol>%ip & piety4 ,all colors are m+l$ 9 x promiscu\sly4 ,we saw ! infant s*ool dep>tm5t exam9$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,!re 7 ne>ly "o hundr$ & fifty *ildr51 ( e hue1 f ! jettie/ black to ! faire/ :ite2 !y 7 ?or\ghly int]m+l$1 & ! ready answ]s ran along ! ranks f black to :ite1 f :ite to br[n1 f br[n to pale1 ) undi/+ui%$ vivacity & accuracy4 ,we 7 aft]w>ds conduct$ into ! high] dep>tm5t1 :]e lads & misses f n9e to fifte51 7 in/ruct$ 9 ! v>i\s bran*es ( academic education4 ,a class ( lads1 mo/ly color$1 7 exam9$ 9 ari?metic4 ,!y wr\ght sev]al sums 9 p\nds1 %ill+s & p5ce curr5cy1 ) wond]ful cel]ity4 ,among o!r ?+s :i* we witness$ 9 t s*ool1 we %all n soon =get hav+ se5 a curly head$ negro lad ( twelve1 exam9+ a class ( :ite "y ladies 9 sci5tific hi/ory4 ,"s writt5 /atem5ts & /ati/ical tables 7 furni%$ u by ,mr4 ,reid1 :i* we subjo944 ,k+/on1 ,may #ac?1 #ahcg ,,de> ,,sir1--,i delay$ answ]+ y\r qu]ies 9 hopes ( be+ able to give y an accurate li/ ( ! numb] ( s*ools 9 ,k+/on1 & pupils "u tuition1 b h n be5 able completely to accompli% my int5tion4 ,i %all n[ answ] y\r qu]ies 9 ! ord] y propose !m4 #a/ ,que/4 ,h[ long h y be5 tea*+ 9 ,jamaica8 ,ans4 ,?irty-eight ye>s 9 ,k+/on4 #b;d ,q4 ,h[ long h y be5 ma/] ( ,wolm]'s free s*ool8 ,a4 ,tw5ty-?ree ye>s4 #c;d ,q4 ,:at is ! numb] ( color$ *ildr5 n[ 9 ! s*ool8 ,a4 ,f\r hundr$ & ?irty4 #d? ,q4 ,0 !re any opposition to _! admission at fir/8 ,a4 ,consid]able opposition ! fir/ ye>1 b none aft]w>ds4 #e? ,q4 ,d !y le>n z readily u ! :ite *ildr58 ,a4 ,z !y are m regul> 9 _! att5dance1 !y le>n bett]4 #f? ,q4 ,are !y z easily gov]n$8 ,a4 ,mu* easi]4 #g? ,q4 ,:at proportion ( ! s*ool are ! *ildr5 ( appr5tices8 ,a4 ,fifty4 #h? ,q4 ,d _! p>5ts manife/ a desire to h !m educat$8 ,a4 ,9 g5]al !y d4 #i? ,q4 ,at :at age d ! *ildr5 leave y\r s*ool8 ,a4 ,g5]ally betwe5 twelve & f\rte54 #aj? ,q ,:at employm5ts d !y *iefly engage 9 ^u leav+ y8 ,a4 ,! boys g to v>i\s me*anic trades1 to c\nt+-h\ses1 attorney's (fices1 cl]ks to plant+ attorneys1 & o!rs become plant]s4 ,!1 girls seam/resses1 mantuamak]s1 & a consid]able proportion tailoresses1 9 ,k+/on & ?r\gh\t ,jamaica1 z situations (f]4 ,i am1 de> sirs1 y\rs respectfully1 ,e4 ,,reid4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ ! av]age numb]s ( ! respective classes1 :ite & color$1 :o h att5d$ ,wolm]'s free s*ool 9 ea* ye>1 f #ahad to ! pres5t "t4 ,:ite ,color$ ,total4 ,*ildr54,*ildr54 ,av]age numb] 9 #ahad #hg #hg #ahae #aaa #c #aad #ahaf #abi #be #aed #ahag #adf #cf #ahb #ahah #aee #ch #aic #ahai #acf #eg #aic #ahbj #aaf #gh #aid #ahba #aah #abb #bdj #ahbb #ic #afg #bfj #ahbc #ig #ahg #bhj #ahbd #id #aif #bij #ahbe #hi #ahe #bgd #ahbf #ic #agf #bfi #ahbg #ib #aef #bdh #ahbh #hh #aeb #bdj #ahbi #gi #aib #bga #ahcj #hh #aid #bhb #ahca #hh #cae #djc #ahcb #ij #cfj #dej #ahcc #ic #daa #ejd #ahcd #ha #dbj #eja #ahce #he #dbe #eaj #ahcf #gh #dbh #ejf #ahcg #gb #dcj #ejb ,) reg>d to ! comp>ative intellect ( :ite & color$ *ildr51 ,mr4 ,reid gives ! foll[+ valuable /atem5t3 ,= ! la/ ?irty-eight ye>s ,i h be5 employ$ 9 ?is city 9 ! tuition ( *ildr5 ( all classes & colors1 & h no hesitation 9 say+ t ! *ildr5 ( color are equal bo? 9 conduct & ability to ! :ite4 ,!y h always c>ri$ (f m ?an _! proportion ( prizes1 & at "o exam9ation1 out ( sev5ty prizes aw>d$1 sixty-f\r 7 obta9$ by *ildr5 ( color4 ,mr4 ,r4 aft]w>ds s5t to u ! table ( ! numb] ( s*ools 9 ,k+/on1 allud$ to 9 ! =ego+ communication4 ,we ins]t x "h1 z x af=ds a view ( ! increase ( s*ools & s*ol>s s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y4 #ahca4 ,s*ools4 ,s*ol>s4 #b ,wolm]'s1 #djc #a ,national1 #bgj #cd ,g5tlem5's private1 #acfh #dj ,ladies' d4 #ajje #h ,sunday1 #ajdb ---- ---- #he ,total1 #djhh #ahcb4 ,s*ools4 ,s*ol>s4 #b ,wolm]'s1 #dgb #a ,national1 #bfj #ca ,g5tlem5's private1 #aafi #da ,ladies' d4 #hef #h ,sunday1 #iha ---- ---- #hc ,total1 #cgch #ahcf4 ,s*ools4 ,s*ol>s4 #b ,wolm]'s1 #ebg #c ,national1 #aacf #c ,mico1 #eij #a ,bapti/1 #bej #a ,jamaica ,union1 #abj #ca ,g5tlem5's private1 #aacg #ei ,ladies' d4 #acci #i ,sunday1 #aajh ,by it9]ant tea*]s & *ildr54 #aejj ---- ---- #aji ,total1 #ggjg #ahcg4 ,s*ools4 ,s*ol>s4 #b ,wolm]'s1 #ejb #c ,national1 #abch #d ,mico1 #faa #a ,bapti/ #bfj #a ,jamaica ,union1 #bjj #cd ,g5tlem5's private1 #adgf #fc ,ladies' d4 #aebe #aj ,sunday1 #acaf ,by it9]ant tea*]s & *ildr51 #afbe ---- ---- #aah ,total1 #hgec ,we also visit$ ! ,union s*ool1 :i* has be5 e/abli%$ = "s ye>s 9 ,k+/on4 ,all ! *ildr5 connect$ ) x1 ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty1 are1 ) two exceptions1 black or color$4 ,! s*ool is conduct$ g5]ally on ! ,lanca/]ian plan4 ,we exam9$ sev]al ( ! boys 9 ari?metic4 ,we put a v>iety ( que/ions to !m1 to be work$ out on ! slate1 & ! reasons ( ! process to be expla9$ z !y w5t along2 all :i* !y execut$ ) great exp]tness4 ,!re 0 a jet black boy1 :om we select$ = a special trial4 ,we comm5c$ ) ! simple rules1 & w5t ?r\gh !m "o by "o1 toge!r ) ! comp\nd rules & ,r$uction1 to ,practice1 prop\nd+ que/ions & examples 9 ea* ( !m1 :i* 7 entirely new to him1 & to all ( !m he gave prompt & correct replies4 ,he 0 only ?irte5 ye>s old1 & we c av] we nev] saw a boy ( t age 9 any ( our common s*ools1 t exhibit$ a full] & cle>] k ( ! sci5ce ( numb]s4 ,9 g5]al1 our op9ion ( ?is s*ool 0 simil> to t already express$ conc]n+ ! o!rs4 ,x is support$ by ! pupils1 aid$ by six hundr$ doll>s grant$ by ! assembly4 ,9 connection ) ?is subject1 !re is "o fact ( mu* int]e/4 ,h[ev] /rong & exclusive 0 ! prejudice ( color a few ye>s s9ce 9 ! s*ools ( ,jamaica1 we c\ld n1 dur+ our /ay 9 t isl&1 le>n ( m ?an two or ?ree places ( education1 & ^? private ones1 f :i* color$ *ildr5 7 exclud$1 & among ! num]\s s*ools 9 ,k+/on1 !re is n "o ( ?is k9d4 ,we call$ on sev]al color$ g5tlem5 ( ,k+/on1 f :om we receiv$ mu* valuable in=mation4 ,! color$ population are oppos$ to ! appr5tice%ip1 & all ! influ5ce :i* !y h1 bo? 9 ! colony & ) ! home gov]nm5t1 7:i* is n small17 is ex]t$ aga9/ x4 ,!y are a fe/]+ ?orn 9 ! sides ( ! plant]s1 among :om !y ma9ta9 a fe>less espionage1 expos+ by p5 & tongue _! iniquit\s proce$+s4 ,x is to be regrett$ t _! influ5ce 9 ?is respect is s sadly weak5$ by _! hold+ appr5tices !mselves4 ,we _h repeat$ invitations to breakfa/ & d9e ) color$ g5tlem51 :i* we accept$ z (t5 z our engagem5ts w\ld p]mit4 ,on su* occasions we g5]ally met a company ( g5tlem5 & ladies ( sup]ior social & intellectual accompli%m5ts4 ,we mu/ say1 t x is a great self-d5ial to refra9 f a description ( "s ( ! animat$1 & we mu/ add spl5did1 p>ties ( color$ p :i* we att5d$4 ,! conv]sation on ^! occasions mo/ly turn$ on ! political & civil disabilities "u :i* ! color$ population =m]ly labor$1 & ! v>i\s /raggles by :i* !y ultimately obta9$ _! rights4 ,! foll[+ are a few items ( _! hi/ory4 ,! color$ p ( ,jamaica1 ?\gh v num]\s1 & to "s ext5t weal?y & intellig5t1 7 long kept by ! :ite coloni/s 9 a /ate ( abject political bondage4 ,n only 7 (fices )held f !m1 & ! "r ( suffrage d5i$1 b !y 7 n ev5 all[$ ! privilege ( an oa? 9 c\rt1 9 def5se ( _! prop]ty or _! p]sons4 ,!y might be viol5tly assault$1 _! limbs brok51 _! wives & daught]s might be outrag$ be=e _! eyes by villa9s hav+ :ite sk9s2 yet !y _h no legal r$ress unless ano!r :ite man *anc$ to see ! de$4 ,x 0 n until #ahbd t ?is oppressive enactm5t 0 repeal$1 & ! protection ( an oa? ext5d$ to ! color$ p2 nor 0 x !n effect$ )\t a long /ruggle on _! "p4 ,ano!r law1 equally wor?y ( a slavehold+ legislature1 prohibit$ any :ite man1 h[ev] weal?y1 bequea?+1 or 9 any mann] giv+ 8 color$ son or daught] m ?an #bjjj curr5cy1 or six ?\s& doll>s4 ,! design ( ?is law 0 to keep ! color$ p poor & dep5d5t ^u ! :ites4 ,fur!r to secure ! same object1 e ef=t1 bo? legislative & private1 0 made to deb> !m f s*ools1 & s9k !m 9 ! l[e/ ignorance4 ,_! "y m5 ( tal5t 7 glad to get situations z cl]ks 9 ! /ores ( :ite m]*ants4 ,_! "y ladies ( beauty & accompli%m5ts 7 =tune-made if !y got a place 9 ! :ite man's h>em4 ,^! 7 ! highe/ /ations to :i* ! fl[] ( _! y\? aspir$4 ,! re/ sank b5ea? ! disc\ragem5ts1 & grovell$ 9 vice & debasem5t4 ,if a color$ p]son _h any bus9ess ) a :ite g5tleman1 & %\ld call at 8 h\se1 he mu/ take (f 8 hat1 & wait at ! door1 & be z polite z a dog4 ,^! insults & oppressions ! color$ p 9 ,jamaica bore1 until !y c\ld be> !m no long]4 ,by secret correspond5ce !y =m$ a union ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 = ! purpose ( resi/ance4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n effect$ = a long "t1 & :ile 9 process1 ! correspond5ce 0 detect$1 & ! mo/ vigor\s means 7 us$ by ! :ites to cru% ! gr[+ conspiracy--= su* x 0 virtually4 ,p]suasions & intimations 7 us$ privately1 & :5 ^! fail$1 public p]secutions 7 resort$ to1 "u ! =m ( judicial proc$ures4 ,among ! mild] means 0 ! dismission ( cl]ks1 ag5ts1 c41 f ! employ ( a :ite m54 ,z soon z a m]*ant discov]$ t 8 cl]k 0 implicat$ 9 ! correspond5ce1 he fir/ ?reat5$ to dis*>ge him unless he w\ld promise to des]t 8 bre?r53 if he c\ld n extort ?is promise1 he imm$iately put 8 ?reat 9 execution4 ,edw>d ,jordon1 ,esq41 ! tal5t$ editor ( ! ,wat*man1 !n fir/ cl]k 9 ! /ore ( a ,mr4 ,brid51 0 prom95tly conc]n$ 9 ! correspond5ce1 & 0 summ>ily dismiss$4 ,:ite m5 drove _! color$ sons f _! h\ses1 & subject$ !m to e indignity & suff]+1 9 ord] to det] !m f prosecut+ an ent]prise :i* 0 se5 by ! t]rifi$ oppressors to be fraught ) dang] to !mselves4 ,!n foll[$ m viol5t measures4 ,p]sons suspect$ ( be+ ! projectors ( ! disaffection1 7 dragg$ be=e inc5s$ judges1 & aft] mock trials1 7 s5t5c$ to imprisonm5t 9 ! city jail4 ,messrs4 ,jordon & ,osborne1 7aft] !y _h e/abli%$ ! ,wat*man pap]17 7 bo? imprison$2 ! =m] twice1 = five mon?s ea* "t4 ,at ! close ( ! second t]m ( imprisonm5t1 ,mr4 ,jordon 0 tri$ = 8 life1 on ! *>ge ( hav+ publi%$ s$iti\s matt] 9 ! ,wat*man4 ,! p>agraph :i* 0 d5om9at$ 's$iti\s matt]' 0 ?is-- ,n[ t ! memb] = ,we/morel& 7,mr4 ,beaumont7 has come ov] to our side1 we w1 by a long pull1 a /rong pull1 & a pull altoge!r1 br+ d[n ! sy/em by ! run1 knock (f ! fett]s1 & let ! oppress$ g free4 ,on ! day ( ,mr4 ,j4's trial1 ! c\rt-room 0 ?rong$ ) color$ m51 :o _h arm$ !mselves1 & 7 det]m9$1 if ! s5t5ce ( dea? 7 pron\nc$ ^u ,mr4 ,jordon1 to rescue him at :atev] haz>d4 ,x is suppos$ t _! purpose 0 conjectur$ by ! judges--at any rate1 !y saw fit to acquit ,mr4 ,j4 & give him 8 enl>gem5t4 ,! ,wat*man cont9u$ z fe>less & s$iti\s z ev]1 until ! ,assembly 7 ultimately provok$ to ?reat5 "s extreme measure :i* %\ld effectually sil5ce ! agitators4 ,!n ,mr4 ,jordon issu$ a spirit$ circul>1 9 :i* he /at$ ! ext5t ( ! coalition among ! color$ p1 & 9 a tone ( defiance dem&$ ! in/ant repeal ( e re/rictive law1 ! removal ( e disability1 & ! ext5sion ( complete political equality2 decl>+1 t if ! dem& 7 n compli$ )1 ! :ole color$ population w\ld rise 9 arms1 w\ld proclaim fre$om to _! own slaves1 in/igate ! slaves g5]ally to rebellion1 & !n %\t w> & wage x1 until ! /reets ( ,k+/on %\ld run blood4 ,?is bold piece ( g5]al%ip succe$$4 ,! t]rifi$ legislators huddl$ toge!r 9 _! ,assembly-room1 & swept away1 at "o bl[1 all re/rictions1 & gave ! color$ p entire enfran*isem5t4 ,^! occurr5ces took place 9 #ahca2 s9ce :i* "t ! color$ class h be5 politically free1 & h be5 m>*+ =w>d ) rapid /ep 9 e species ( improvem5t1 & are n[ on a high] foot+ ?an 9 any o!r colony4 ,all (fices are op5 to !m2 !y are ald]m5 ( ! city1 ju/ices ( ! peace1 inspectors ( public in/itutions1 tru/ees ( s*ools1 etc4 ,!re are1 at lea/1 !n color$ special magi/rates1 natives ( ! isl&4 ,!re are f\r color$ memb]s ( ! ,assembly1 includ+ ,messrs4 ,jordon & ,osborne4 ,mr4 ,jordon n[ sits 9 ! same ,assembly1 side by side1 ) ! man :o1 a few ye>s ago1 eject$ him disda9fully f 8 cl]k%ip4 ,he is a memb] ( ! ,assembly = ! city ( ,k+/on1 :]e n long s9ce he 0 imprison$1 & tri$ = 8 life4 ,he is also ald]man ( ! city1 & "o ( its local magi/rates4 ,he is n[ inspector ( ! same prison 9 :i* he 0 =m]ly immur$ z a pe/il5t fell[1 & a mov] ( s$ition4 ,! secret>y ( ! special magi/rate dep>tm5t1 ,ri*>d ,hill1 ,esq41 is a color$ g5tleman1 & is "o ( ! fir/ m5 9 ! isl&1,a = integrity1 indep5d5ce1 sup]ior abilities1 & ext5sive acquirem5ts4 ,x has seldom be5 our happ9ess to meet ) a man m illu/ri\s = true nobility ( s\l1 or 9 ^: c\nt5ance !re 7 deep] traces ( intellectual & moral greatness4 ,we are confid5t t no man c see him )\t be+ impress$ ) 8 r>e comb9ation ( excell5ces4 ,footnote ,a3 ,we le>n f ! ,jamaica pap]s1 s9ce our return to ?is c\ntry1 t ,mr4 ,hill has be5 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,assembly4 ,hav+ said ?us mu* respect+ ! political advancem5t ( ! color$ p1 x is prop] to rem>k1 t !y h by no means ev9c$ a det]m9ation to claim m ?an _! %>e ( (fice & influ5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y /op v f> %ort ( :at !y are entitl$ to4 ,hav+ an ext5t ( suffrage b little less ?an ! :ites1 !y might fill "o ?ird ( ! seats 9 ! ,assembly1 :]eas !y n[ return b f\r memb]s out ( =ty-five4 ,! same may be said ( o!r (fices1 p>ticul>ly ^? 9 ! city ( ,k+/on1 & ! l>g] t[ns1 :]e !y are equal to1 or m num]\s1 ?an ! :ites4 ,x is a fact1 t a portion ( ! color$ p cont9ue at ?is "t to return :ite memb]s to ! ,assembly1 & to vote = :ite ald]m5 & o!r city (fic]s4 ,! influ5tial m5 among !m1 h always urg$ !m to take up :ite m51 unless !y c\ld f9d compet5t m5 ( _! own color4 ,z !y rem>k$ to u1 if !y 7 oblig$ to s5d an ass to ! ,assembly1 x 0 f> bett] = !m to s5d a :ite ass ?an a black "o4 ,9 company ) a fri5d1 we visit$ ! pr9cipal /reets & places ( bus9ess 9 ,k+/on1 = ! purpose ( see+ = ourselves ! g5]al employm5ts ( ! p ( color2 & ^? :o engage 9 ! l[e/ (fices1 su* z port]s1 wat]m51 draym51 & s]vants ( all grades1 f him :o flaunts 9 liv]y1 to him :o poli%es %oes1 are ( c\rse f ?is class4 ,s ) ! fruit]]s1 fi%mong]s1 & ! almo/ innum]able tribe ( petty huck/]s :i* sw>m ?r\gh\t ! city1 & is collect$ 9 a d5se mass 9 its suburbs4 ,! m>ket1 :i* is ! l>ge/ & be/ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 is almo/ entirely suppli$ & att5d$ by color$ p]sons1 mo/ly females4 ,! great body ( artisans is compos$ mo/ly ( color$ p]sons4 ,!re are two l>ge furniture & cab9et manufactories 9 ,k+/on1 "o own$ by two color$ m51 & ! o!r by a :ite man4 ,! op]atives1 ( :i* "o conta9s eighty1 & ! o!r ne>ly z _m1 are all black & color$4 ,a l>ge numb] ( !m are :at ! ,briti% law t]ms appr5tices1 & are /ill b\nd 9 unremun]at$ s]vitude1 ?\gh "s ( !m = ?rice sev5 ye>s h be5 adepts 9 _! trades1 & n a few are e>n+ _! ma/]s tw5ty or ?irty doll>s ea* mon?1 cle> ( all exp5ses4 ,"s ( ^! appr5tices are ho>y-head$ & wr9kle-br[n$ m51 ) _! *ildr51 & gr&-*ildr51 appr5tices also1 ar\nd !m1 & :o1 aft] hav+ us$ ! plane & ! *isel = half a c5tury1 ) fai?fulness = o!rs1 are n[ sp5d+ ! few h\rs & ! fail+ /r5g? ( old aga9 9 prep>+ to use ! plane & ! *isel = !mselves4 ,! "w on :i* !y 7 engag$ ev9c$ no lack ( me*anical skill & +5uity1 b on ! contr>y we 7 %[n "s ( ! mo/ elegant specim5s ( me*anical skill1 :i* we ev] saw4 ,! ri* woods ( ! ,we/ ,indies 7 put into almo/ e =m & comb9ation :i* ta/e c\ld designate or luxury desire4 ,! own]s ( ^! e/abli%m5ts in=m$ u t _! bus9ess _h mu* increas$ )9 ! la/ two ye>s1 & 0 /ill ext5d+4 ,nei!r ( !m _h any fe>s = ! results ( complete emancipation1 b bo? 7 lay+ _! plans = ! future z broadly & confid5tly z ev]4 ,9 our walk we accid5tally met a color$ man1 :om we _h he>d m5tion$ on sev]al occasions z a sup]ior ar*itect4 ,f ! conv]sation we _h ) him1 !n & subsequ5tly1 he appe>$ to possess a f9e me*anical g5ius1 & to h made acquirem5ts :i* w\ld be honorable 9 any man1 b :i* 7 truly admirable 9 "o :o _h be5 %ut up all 8 life by ! disabilities :i* 9 ,jamaica h1 until rec5tly1 atta*$ to color4 ,he sup]9t5d$ ! erection ( ! ,wesleyan *apel 9 ,k+/on1 ! l>ge/ build+ ( ! k9d 9 ! isl&1 & e/eem$ by _m z ! mo/ elegant4 ,! plan 0 8 own1 & ! "w 0 execut$ "u 8 own eye4 ,?is man is us+ 8 means & influ5ce to enc\rage ! /udy ( 8 favorite art1 & ( ! arts & sci5ces g5]ally1 among ^? ( 8 own hue4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ book/ores 9 ! isl& is own$ by two color$ m54 7,messrs4 ,jordon & ,osborne1 already ref]r$ to47 ,connect$ ) x is an ext5sive pr9t+-(fice1 f :i* a newspap] is issu$ twice a week4 ,ano!r pap]1 "u ! control ( color$ m51 is publi%$ at ,spani%t[n4 ,^! are ! two pr9cipal lib]al presses 9 ,jamaica1 & are conduct$ ) _s & ability4 ,_! influ5ce 9 ! political & civil affairs ( ! isl& is v great4 ,!y are ! organs ( ! color$ p1 bond & free1 & ?r\gh !m any violation ( law or humanity is expos$ to ! public1 & r$ress dem&$1 & g5]ally obta9$4 ,9 lit]>y m]it & correctness ( moral s5tim5t1 !y are n excell$ by any press !re1 :ile "s ( _! :ite contempor>ies fall f> bel[ !m 9 bo?4 ,besides ! workm5 employ$ 9 ^! two (fices1 !re is a l>ge numb] ( color$ pr9t]s 9 ! o!r pr9t+ (fices1 ( :i* !re are sev]al4 ,we call$ at two l>ge e/abli%m5t = mak+ jellies1 comfits1 pickles1 & all ! v>ieties ( tropic pres]ves4 ,9 ea* ( !m ?irty or m p]sons are con/antly employ$1 & a capital ( "s ?\s&s ( doll>s inve/$4 ,sev]al l>ge rooms 7 occupi$ by boxes1 j>s1 & cani/]s1 ) ! app>atus necess>y to ! process1 ?r\gh :i* ! fruit passes4 ,we saw e species ( fruits & vegetables :i* ! isl& produces1 "s fre% f ! trees & v9es1 & o!rs ready to be transport$ to ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! globe1 9 almo/ e /ate :i* ! invalid or epicure c\ld desire4 ,^! articles1 ) ! diff]5t prep>ations ( arr[-root & cassada1 =m a lucrative bran* ( trade1 :i* is mo/ly 9 ! h&s ( ! color$ p4 ,we 7 introduc$ to a l>ge numb] ( color$ m]*ants1 deal]s 9 dry goods1 crock]y & glass w>e1 ironmong]s1 booksell]s1 druggi/s1 groc]s1 & g5]al import]s & 7 conduct$ by !m ?r\gh _! /ores2 _m ( :i* 7 on an ext5sive scale1 & manag$1 app>5tly1 ) mu* ord] & regul>ity4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ comm]cial h\ses 9 ,k+/on has a color$ man z a p>tn]1 ! o!r two be+ :ite4 ,( a l>ge auction & commission firm1 ! mo/ active & lead+ p>tn] is a color$ man4 ,besides ^!1 !re is h>dly a respectable h\se among ! :ite m]*ants1 9 :i* "s important (fice1 (t5times ! head cl]k%ip1 is n fill$ by a p]son ( color4 ,!y are z mu* respect$ 9 bus9ess transactions1 & _! m]cantile tal5ts1 _! acqua9tance ) ! g5]alities & details ( comm]ce1 & sagacity & judgm5t 9 mak+ b>ga9s1 are z highly e/eem$ by ! :ite m]*ants1 z ?\gh !y wore an ,european hue4 ,! comm]cial room is op5 to !m1 :]e !y resort unre/ra9$ly to asc]ta9 ! news2 & a visitor may n unfrequ5tly see sitt+ toge!r at a table ( newspap]s1 or conv]s+ toge!r 9 ! p>lance ( trade1 p]sons z dissimil> 9 complexion z :ite & black c make !m4 ,9 ! /reets ! same int]c\rse is se54 ,! g5]al trade ( ! isl& is gradually & quietly pass+ into ! h&s ( ! color$ p4 ,be=e emancipation1 !y seldom rea*$ a high] grade 9 m]cantile life ?an a cl]k%ip1 or1 if !y comm5c$ bus9ess = !mselves1 !y 7 %ackl$ & conf9$ 9 _! op]ations by ! ov]gr[n & monopoliz+ e/abli%m5ts :i* slav]y _h built up4 ,?\gh ! civil & political rights ( "o class ( !m 7 ackn[l$g$ ?ree ye>s previ\s1 yet !y f\nd !y c\ld n1 ev5 if !y desir$ x1 disconnect !mselves f ! slaves4 ,!y c\ld n transact bus9ess--=m cr$its & ag5cies1 & receive ! confid5ce ( ! comm]cial public--l free m54 ,/range or n1 _! fate 0 insep>ably l9k$ ) t ( ! bondman1 _! int]e/s 7 consid]$ z involv$ ) 84 ,h[ev] hone/ !y might be1 x 0 n safe to tru/ !m2 & any attempt to rise above a cl]k%ip1 to become ! employ] in/ead ( ! employ$1 0 reg>d$ z a k9d ( insurrection1 & /rongly disapprov$ & oppos$4 ,s9ce emancipation1 !y h be5 un%ackl+ !m selves f :ite dom9ation 9 matt]s ( trade2 ext5d+ _! connections1 & becom+ e day m & m indep5d5t4 ,!y h =m$ cr$its ) comm]cial h\ses abroad1 & n[ import directly = !mselves1 at :olesale prices1 :at !y 7 =m]ly oblig$ to receive f :ite import]s1 or r speculators1 at su* prices z !y1 9 _! t5d] m]cies1 saw fit to impose4 ,trade is n[ equaliz+ itself among all classes4 ,a _s ( competition is awak5$1 banks h be5 e/abli%$1 /eam navigation introduc$1 railroads project$1 old highways repair$1 & new ones op5$4 ,! desc5dants ( ! slaves are rapidly supply+ ! places :i* 7 =m]ly fill$ by :ites f abroad4 ,we _h ! pleasure ( be+ pres5t "o day at ! sitt+ ( ! police c\rt ( ,k+/on4 ,mr4 ,jordon1 ! editor ( ! ,wat*man1 9 8 turn z a memb] ( ! common c\ncil1 0 presid+ ju/ice1 ) an ald]man ( ! city1 a black man1 z 8 associate4 ,at a table bel[ !m sat ! sup]9t5d5t ( police1 a :ite man1 & two :ite attorneys1 ) _! huge law books & gre5 bags be=e !m4 ,! b> 0 surr\nd$ by a motley assemblage ( black1 color$1 & :ite faces1 int]m+l$ )\t any reg>d to hue 9 ! ord] ( sup]iority & prec$5ce4 ,!re 7 ab\t a doz5 cases adjudg$ :ile we 7 pres5t4 ,! c\rt 0 conduct$ ) ord] & dignity1 & ! ju/ices 7 treat$ ) great respect & def]5ce bo? by :ite & black4 ,aft] ! adj\rnm5t ( ! c\rt1 we _h "s conv]sation ) ! presid+ ju/ice4 ,he in=m$ u t :ites 7 n unfrequ5tly br\ght be=e him = trial1 &1 9 spite ( 8 color1 sometimes ev5 our own c\ntrym54 ,he m5tion$ sev]al in/ances ( ! latt]1 9 "s ( :i* ,am]ican prejudice assum$ v amus+ & ludicr\s =ms4 ,9 "o case1 he 0 oblig$ to ?reat5 ! p>ty1 a capta9 f "o ( our s\!rn ports1 ) imprisonm5t = contempt1 be=e he c\ld induce him to behave himself ) prop] decorum4 ,! capta91 unaccu/om$ to obey injunctions f m5 ( su* a complexion1 curl$ 8 lip 9 scorn1 & %[$ a _s ( defiance1 b on ! approa* ( two police (fic]s1 :om ! c\rt _h ord]$ to arre/ him1 he submitt$ himself4 ,we 7 gratifi$ ) ! _s ( good humor & pleasantry ) :i* ,mr4 ,j4 describ$ ! a/oni%m5t & gap+ curiosity :i* ,am]icans manife/ on see+ color$ m5 9 (fices ( au?ority1 p>ticul>ly on ! judicial b5*1 & _! evid5t emb>rassm5t & uneas9ess :5ev] oblig$ to transact bus9ess ) !m z magi/rates4 ,he seem$ to reg>d x z a subject well wor?y ( ridicule2 & we rem>k$1 9 our int]c\rse ) ! color$ p1 t !y 7 g5]ally m dispos$ to make !mselves m]ry ) ,am]ican s5sitiv5ess on ?is po9t1 ?an to br+ s]i\s compla9ts aga9/ x1 ?\gh !y feel deeply ! wrongs :i* !y h suff]$ f x1 & speak ( !m occasionally ) solemnity & e>ne/ness4 ,/ill ! feel+ is s absurd & ludicr\s 9 itself1 & is exhibit$ 9 s _m grotesque positions1 ev5 :5 oppressive1 t ! suff]] _c help laugh+ at x4 ,mr4 ,jordon has held 8 pres5t (fice s9ce #ahcb4 ,he has _h an ext5sive opportunity1 bo? z a ju/ice ( ! police c\rt1 & z a memb] ( ! jail committee1 & 9 o!r (ficial /ations1 to become well acqua9t$ ) ! /ate ( crime 9 ! isl& at diff]5t p]iods4 ,he in=m$ u t ! numb] ( compla9ts br\ght be=e him _h mu* dim9i%$ s9ce #ahcd1 & he _h no hesitation 9 say+1 t crime _h decreas$ ?r\gh\t ! isl& g5]ally m ?an "o ?ird4 ,dur+ "o ( our excursions into ! c\ntry1 we witness$ ano!r in/ance ( ! amicability ) :i* ! diff]5t colors associat$ 9 ! civil affairs ( ! isl&4 ,x 0 a meet+ ( "o ( ! p>i% ve/ries1 a k9d ( local legislature1 :i* possesses consid]able p[] ov] its own t]ritory4 ,!re 7 fifte5 memb]s pres5t1 & ne>ly z _m diff]5t %ades ( complexion4 ,!re 0 ! plant] ( ari/ocratic blood1 & at 8 side 0 a deep mulatto1 born 9 ! same p>i% a slave4 ,!re 0 ! quadroon1 & ! unmitigat$ hue & unmodifi$ features ( ! negro4 ,!y sat toge!r ar\nd a circul> table1 & conv]s$ z freely z ?\gh !y _h be5 all ( "o color4 ,!re 0 no re/ra9t1 no uneas9ess1 z ?\gh ! p>ties felt !mselves out ( place1 no assumption nor disrespect1 b all ! proce$+s manife/$ ! mo/ p]fect h>mony1 confid5ce1 & good feel+4 ,at ! same "t !re 0 a meet+ ( ! p>i% committee on roads1 at :i* !re 0 ! same int]mixture ( colors1 ! same fre$om & k9dness ( demeanor1 & ! same unanimity ( action4 ,?us x is ) all ! political & civil bodies 9 ! isl&1 f ! ,h\se ( ,assembly1 to committees on jails & h\ses ( correction4 ,into all ( !m1 ! color$ p are gradually mak+ _! way1 & p>ticipat+ 9 public debates & public measures1 & divid+ ) ! :ites legislative & judicial p[]1 & 9 _m cases !y exhibit a sup]iority1 & 9 all cases a respectability1 ( tal5ts & atta9m5ts1 & a c\rtesy & g5]al propriety ( conduct1 :i* ga9 = !m ! respect ( ! intellig5t & c&id among _! :ite associates4 ,we visit$ ! h\se ( correction = ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,&rews4 ,! sup]9t5d5t receiv$ u ) ! iron-he>t$ c\rtesy ( a ,newgate turnkey4 ,our company 0 evid5tly unwelcome1 b z ! fri5d :o accompani$ u 0 a man 9 au?ority1 he 0 con/ra9$ to admit u4 ,! fir/ s\nd t greet$ u 0 a pi]c+ outcry f ! treadmill4 ,on go+ to x1 we saw a y\? ( ab\t eighte5 hang+ 9 ! air by a /rap b\nd to 8 wri/1 & dangl+ aga9/ ! :eel 9 su* a mann] t e revolution ( x scrap$ ! body f ! brea/ to ! ankles4 ,he _h fall5 (f f weakness & fatigue1 & 0 /ruggl+ & cry+ 9 ! greate/ di/ress1 :ile ! /rap1 :i* ext5d$ to a pole above & /ret*$ 8 arm high above 8 head1 held him fa/4 ,! sup]9t5d5t1 9 a h>% voice1 ord]$ him to be lift$ up1 & 8 feet aga9 plac$ on ! :eel4 ,b be=e he _h tak5 five /eps1 he aga9 fell (f1 & 0 susp5d$ z be=e4 ,at ! same in/ant1 a woman also fell (f1 & )\t a sigh or ! motion ( a muscle1 = %e 0 too mu* exhau/$ = ei!r1 b ) a %ock+ wildness ( ! eye1 hung by h] half-dislocat$ arms aga9/ ! :eel4 ,z ! allott$ "t 7fifte5 m9utes7 _h expir$1 ! p]sons on ! :eel 7 releas$1 & p]mitt$ to re/4 ,! boy c\ld h>dly /& on ! gr\nd4 ,he _h a l>ge ulc] on "o ( 8 feet1 :i* 0 mu* swoll5 & inflam$1 & 8 legs & body 7 greatly bruis$ & peel$ by ! revolv+ ( ! :eel4 ,! g5tleman :o 0 ) u reprov$ ! sup]9t5d5t sev]ely = 8 conduct1 & told him to remove ! boy f ! treadmill gang1 & see t prop] c>e 0 tak5 ( him4 ,! poor woman :o fell (f1 seem$ completely exhau/$2 %e tott]$ to ! wall ne> by1 & took up a little babe :i* we _h n obs]v$ be=e4 ,x appe>$ to be n m ?an two or ?ree mon?s old1 & ! little ?+ /ret*$ out its arms & welcom$ its "m4 ,on inquiry1 we asc]ta9$ t ?is woman's (f5ce 0 abs5ce f ! field an h\r aft] ! requir$ "t 7six o'clock7 9 ! morn+4 ,besides ! infant ) h]1 %e _h two or ?ree o!r *ildr54 ,:e!r ! c>e ( !m 0 any excuse = h]1 we leave ,am]ican mo!rs to judge4 ,!re 7 two o!r wom5 on ! treadmill--"o 0 s5t5c$ !re = /eal+ cane f h] ma/]'s field1 & ! o!r1 we believe1 = runn+ away4 ,! sup]9t5d5t next took u to ! solit>y cells4 ,!y 7 dirty1 & badly v5tilat$1 & unfit to keep bea/s 94 ,on op5+ ! doors1 su* a /5* ru%$ =?1 t we c\ld n rema94 ,!re 0 a poor woman 9 "o ( !m1 :o appe>$1 z ! light ( day & ! fre% air bur/ 9 ^u h]1 l a despair+ maniac4 ,we w5t ?r\gh ! o!r build+s1 all ( :i* 7 old & dirty1 nay1 worse1 fil?y 9 ! extreme4 ,! :ole e/abli%m5t 0 a disgrace to ! isl&4 ,! prison]s 7 poorly clad1 & _h ! appe>ance ( h>% usage4 ,our suspicions ( ill treatm5t 7 /r5g!n$ by notic+ a l>ge :ip 9 ! treadmill1 & sundry iron coll>s & h&cuffs hang+ ab\t 9 ! sev]al rooms ?r\gh :i* we pass$4 ,! numb] ( inmates 9 ?is h\se at our visit1 0 =ty-eight--eighte5 ( :om 7 females4 ,tw5ty ( ^! 7 9 ! treadmill & 9 solit>y conf9em5t--! rema9d] 7 work+ on ! public road at a little di/ance--_m ( !m 9 irons--iron coll>s ab\t _! necks1 & *a9s pass+ betwe51 connect+ !m toge!r two & two4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,t\r ,,to ,,! ,,c\ntry4 ,wi%+ to accompli% ! mo/ t our limit$ "t w\ld all[2 we sep>at$ at ,k+/on2--! "o tak+ a nor?we/]ly r\te among ! m\nta9\s c(fee di/ricts ( ,port ,royal & ,/4 ,&rews1 & ! o!r go+ into ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/4 ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/ is said to pres5t ! appr5tice%ip 9 its mo/ favorable aspects4 ,!re is probably no o!r p>i% 9 ! isl& :i* includes s _m f9e e/ates1 or has s _m lib]al-m9d$ plant]s4,a ,a day's easy drive f ,k+/on1 br\ght u to ,morant ,bay1 :]e we sp5t two days1 & call$ on sev]al influ5tial g5tlem51 besides visit+ ! neighbor+ e/ate ( ,belvid]e4 ,"o g5tleman :om we met 0 ,?omas ,?omson1 ,esq41 ! s5ior local magi/rate ( ! ,p>i%1 next 9 civil influ5ce to ! ,cu/os4 ,8 /&+ may be inf]r$ f ! circum/ance1 7n trifl+ 9 ,jamaica17 t ! ,gov]nor1 dur+ 8 t\r ( ! isl&1 sp5t a night at 8 h\se4 ,we breakfa/$ ) ,mr4 ,?omson1 & at t "t1 & subsequ5tly1 he %[$ ! utmo/ read9ess 9 furni%+ u ) in=mation4 ,he is a ,scot*man1 has be5 9 ! isl& = ?irty-eight ye>s1 & has s]v$ z a local magi/rate = ?irty-f\r4 ,until v lately1 he has be5 a proprietor ( e/ates2 he in=m$ u t he _h sold out1 b did n m5tion ! reasons4 ,we /rongly suspect$1 f ! drift ( 8 conv]sation1 t he sold ab\t ! "t ( abolition1 ?r\gh al>m = ! consequ5ces4 ,we e>ly discov]$ t he 0 "o ( ! old s*ool tyrants1 ho/ile to ! *ange :i* _h tak5 place1 & dreadfully al>m$ 9 view ( t :i* 0 yet to come4 ,al?\gh full ( ! prejudices ( an old slavehold]1 yet we f\nd him a man ( /rong native s5se & consid]able intellig5ce4 ,he decl>$ x mo/ unres]v$ly z 8 op9ion1 t ! negroes w\ld n "w aft] #ahaj--!y 7 naturally s indol5t1 t !y w\ld pref] ga9+ a livelihood 9 "s easi] way ?an by digg+ cane holes4 ,he _h all ! results ( ! emancipation ( #ahdj z cle>ly be=e 8 m9d1 z ?\gh he saw !m 9 prophetic vision2 he knew ! :ole process4 ,"o portion ( ! negroes1 too lazy to provide food by _! own labor1 w rob ! provision gr\nds ( ! few :o w rema9 at "w4 ,! latt] w endure ! wrong z long z !y well c1 & !n !y w procure arms & fire ^u ! m>aud]s2 ?is w give rise to incessant petty conflicts betwe5 ! lazy & ! indu/ri\s1 & a great de/ruction ( life w ensue4 ,o!rs w die 9 va/ numb]s f />vation2 among ^! w be ! sup]annuat$ & ! "y1 :o _c support !mselves1 & :om ! plant]s w n be able to support4 ,o!rs num]\s w p]i% f disease1 *iefly = want ( m$ical att5dance1 :i* x w be :olly out ( _! p[] to provide4 ,su* is ! dismal picture drawn by a late slavehold]1 ( ! consequ5ces ( remov+ ! negroes f ! t5d] m]cies ( oppressors4 ,happily = all p>ties1 ,mr4 ,?omson is n v likely to e/abli% 8 claim to ! "* ( a prophet4 ,we 7 n at all surpris$ to he> him w9d up 8 prophecies aga9/ fre$om ) a d5unciation ( slav]y4 ,he decl>$ t slav]y 0 a wret*$ sy/em4 ,man 0 naturally a tyrant4 ,mr4 ,t4 said he _h "o good ?+ to say ( ! negroes1 viz41 t !y 7 an exce$+ly temp]ate p4 ,x 0 a v unusual ?+ to see "o ( !m drunk4 ,slav]y1 he said1 0 a sy/em ( horrid cruelties4 ,he _h lately read1 9 ! hi/ory ( ,jamaica1 ( a plant]1 9 #agfc1 hav+ a slave's leg cut (f1 to keep him f runn+ away4 ,he said t dreadful cruelties 7 p]petrat$ until ! close ( slav]y1 & !y 7 insep>able f slav]y4 ,he also spoke ( ! fe>s :i* haunt$ ! slavehold]s4 ,he nev] w\ld live on an e/ate2 & :5ev] he *anc$ to /ay ov] night 9 ! c\ntry1 he always took c>e to secure 8 door by bolt+ & b>ricad+ x4 ,at ,mr4 ,?omson's we met ,&rew ,wright1 ,esq41 ! proprietor ( a sug> e/ate call$ ,gre5 ,wall1 situat$ "s six miles f ! bay4 ,he is an intellig5t g5tleman1 ( an amiable disposition--has on 8 e/ate "o hundr$ & sixty appr5tices4 ,he describ$ 8 p z be+ 9 a v peaceable /ate1 & z indu/ri\s z he c\ld wi%4 ,he said he _h no tr\ble ) !m1 & x 0 8 op9ion1 t :]e !re is tr\ble1 x mu/ be ow+ to bad managem5t4 ,he anticipat$ no difficulty aft] #ahdj1 & 0 confid5t t 8 p w\ld n leave him4 ,he believ$ t ! negroes w\ld n to any great ext5t ab&on ! cultivation ( sug> aft] #ahdj4 ,mr4 ,t4 /at$ two facts respect+ ?is enlight5$ plant]1 :i* amply acc\nt = ! good conduct ( 8 appr5tices4 ,"o 01 t he 0 an exce$+ly k9d & amiable man4 ,he _h nev] be5 kn[n to h a fall+ out ) any man 9 8 life4 ,ano!r fact 01 t ,mr4 ,wright 0 ! only resid5t sug> proprietor 9 all t region ( c\ntry4 ,he sup]9t5ds 8 own e/ate1 :ile ! o!r l>ge e/ates are g5]ally left 9 ! h&s ( unpr9cipl$1 m]c5>y m54 ,footnote ,a3 ,we h ! foll[+ te/imony ( ,sir ,lionel ,smi? to ! sup]iority ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/4 ,x is tak5 f ! ,royal ,gazette1 7,k+/on47 ,may #f1 #ahcg4 ,8 ,excell5cy has said1 t 9 all 8 t\r he 0 n m highly gratifi$ ) any p>i% ?an he 0 ) ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/4 ,we call$ on ! ,wesleyan mission>y at ,morant ,bay1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,crookes1 :o has be5 9 ,jamaica fifte5 ye>s4 ,mr4 ,c4 said1 t 9 _m respects !re _h be5 a great improvem5t s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y1 b1 said he1 ,i abom9ate ! appr5tice%ip sy/em4 ,at be/1 x is only improv$ slav]y4 ,! ob/acles to religi\s ef=ts h be5 consid]ably dim9i%$1 b ! ma/]s 7 n to be ?ank$ = ?is2 x 0 ow+ *iefly to ! protection ( ,briti% law4 ,! appr5tice%ip1 ,mr4 ,c4 ?\ght1 c\ld n be any mat]ial prep>ation = fre$om4 ,he 0 p]suad$ t x w\ld h be5 f> bett] policy to h grant$ entire emancipation at once4 ,9 company ) ,mr4 ,h[ell1 an ,indep5d5t1 & tea*] ( a s*ool ( eighty negro *ildr5 9 ,morant ,bay1 we drove out to ,belvid]e e/ate1 :i* is situat$ ab\t f\r miles f ! bay1 9 a ri* di/rict call$ ! ,blue ,m\nta9 ,valley4 ,! ,belvid]e is "o ( ! f9e/ e/ates 9 ! valley4 ,x conta9s two ?\s& acres1 only f\r hundr$ ( :i* are cultivat$ 9 sug>2 ! mo/ ( x is woodl&4 ,?is e/ate belongs to ,c\nt ,freeman1 an abs5tee proprietor4 ,we took breakfa/ ) ! ov]se]1 or manag]1 ,mr4 ,briant4 ,mr4 ,b4 /at$ t !re 0 n s mu* "w done n[ z !re 0 dur+ slav]y4 ,?9ks !re is z mu* done = ! l5g? ( "t t ! appr5tices are at "w2 b a day & a half e week is lo/2 nei!r are !y call$ out z e>ly 9 ! morn+1 nor d !y "w z late at night4 ,! appr5tices "w at night v *e]fully = money3 b !y w n "w on ,saturday = ! common wages--qu>t] ( a doll>4 ,on inquiry ( ,mr4 ,b4 we asc]ta9$ t ! reason ! appr5tices did n "w on ,saturdays 01 t !y c\ld make twice or ?ree times z mu* by cultivat+ _! provision gr\nds1 & c>ry+ _! produce to m>ket4 ,at night !y _c cultivate _! gr\nds1 !n !y "w = _! ma/]s v *e]fully4 ,! manag] /at$1 t !re _h be5 no di/urbance ) ! p ( ,belvid]e s9ce ! *ange4 ,!y "w well1 & conduct !mselves peaceably2 & he _h no fe> b t ! great body ( ! negroes w\ld rema9 on ! e/ate aft] #ahdj1 & labor z usual4 ,?is he ?\ght w\ld be ! case on e e/ate :]e !re is mild managem5t4 ,"s1 inde$1 might leave ev5 su* e/ates to try _! =tunes else:]e1 b !y w\ld soon discov] t !y c\ld get no bett] treatm5t abroad1 & !y w\ld !n return to _! old homes4 ,:ile we 7 at ,belvid]e1 ,mr4 ,h[ell took u to see a new *apel :i* ! appr5tices ( t e/ate h erect$ s9ce #ahcd1 by _! own labor1 & at _! own exp5se4 ,! h\se is ?irty feet by =ty2 compos$ ( ! same mat]ials ( :i* ! negro huts are built4 ,we 7 told t ! build+ ( ?is *apel 0 fir/ sugge/$ by ! appr5tices1 & z soon z p]mission 0 obta9$1 !y comm5c$ ! prep>ations = its erection4 ,we record ?is z a delightful sign ( ! times4 ,on our return to ,morant ,bay1 we visit$ ! h\se ( correction1 situat$ ne> ! village4 ,?is is ! only in/itution1 z a ,k+/on pap] gravely t]ms x1 ( ! k9d 9 ! p>i%4 ,x is a small1 ill-con/ruct$ e/abli%m5t1 horribly fil?y1 m l a receptacle = wild bea/s ?an human be+s4 ,!re is a treadmill connect$ ) x1 made to accommodate fifte5 p]sons at a "t4 ,alt]nate companies asc5d ! :eel e fifte5 m9utes4 ,x 0 unoccupi$ :5 we w5t 92 mo/ ( ! prison]s be+ at "w on ! public roads4 ,two or ?ree1 :o happ5$ to be ne> by1 7 call$ 9 by ! keep]1 & ord]$ to m\nt ! :eel1 to %[ u h[ x work$4 ,x made our blood run cold z we ?\ght ( ! dreadful suff]+ t inevitably ensues1 :5 ! foot loses ! /ep1 & ! body hangs aga9/ ! revolv+ cyl9d]4 ,leav+ ! h\se ( correction1 we proce$$ to ! village4 ,9 a small op5 squ>e 9 ! c5tre ( x1 we saw a numb] ( ! unhappy inmates ( ! h\se ( correction at "w "u ! direction1 we are sorry to say1 ( our fri5d ,?omas ,?omson1 ,esq4 ,!y 7 *a9$ two & two by heavy *a9s fa/5$ to iron b&s ar\nd _! necks4 ,on ano!r occasion1 we saw ! same gang at "w 9 ! y>d atta*$ to ! ,indep5d5t *apel4 ,we receiv$ a visit1 at our lodg+s1 f ! special ju/ice ( ?is di/rict1 ,major ,ba9es4 ,he 0 accompani$ by ,mr4 ,?omson1 :o came to introduce him z 8 fri5d4 ,we 7 n left to ?is recomm5dation alone1 suspici\s z x 01 to inf] ! "* ( ?is magi/rate1 = we 7 adv]tis$ previ\sly t he 0 a plant]'s man--unju/ & cruel to ! appr5tices4 ,major ,b4 appe>$ to h be5 look+ ?r\gh 8 fri5d ,?omson's prophetic telescope4 ,!re 0 c]ta9ly a wond]ful co9cid5ce ( vision--! same ab&onm5t ( labor1 ! same prey+ ^u provision gr\nds2 ! same viol5ce1 blood%$ & great loss ( life among ! negroes !mselves6 ,h[ev]1 ! special magi/rate appe>$ to see a little fur!r ?an ! local magi/rate1 ev5 to ! end ( ! c>nage1 & to ! re-e/abli%m5t ( indu/ry1 peace & prosp]ity4 ,! evil1 he 0 confid5t1 w\ld soon cure itself4 ,"o rem>k ( ! special magi/rate 0 wor?y a prophet4 ,:5 ask$ if he ?\ght !re w\ld be any s]i\s disaffection produc$ among ! pra$ials by ! emancipation ( ! non-pra$ials 9 #ahch1 he said1 he ?\ght !re w\ld n be1 & assign$ z ! reason1 t ! pra$ials knew all ab\t ! arrangem5t1 & did n expect to be free4 ,t is1 ! field appr5tices knew t ! dome/ics 7 to be lib]at$ two ye>s soon] ?an !y1 &1 )\t inquir+ into ! gr\nds1 or ju/ice ( ! arrangem5t1 !y w\ld promptly acquiesce 9 x6 ,:at a f9e complim5t to ! pati5ce & =be>ance ( ! mass ( ! negroes4 ,! majority see ! m9ority emancipat$ two ye>s be=e !m1 & t1 too1 ^u ! gr\nd ( an odi\s di/9ction :i* makes ! dome/ic m wor?y ?an !y :o be> ! heat & bur!n ( ! day1 9 ! op5 field2 & yet !y submit pati5tly1 because !y are told t x is ! pleasure ( gov]nm5t t x %\ld be s6 ,! non-pra$ials1 too1 h _! noble traits1 z well z ! less favor$ agriculturali/s4 ,! special magi/rate said t he 0 !n engag$ 9 classify+ ! appr5tices ( ! diff]5t e/ates 9 8 di/rict4 ,! object ( ?is classification 01 to asc]ta9 all ^? :o 7 non-pra$ials1 t !y might be record$ z ! subjects ( emancipation 9 #ahch4 ,to 8 a/oni%m5t he f\nd numb]s ( ?is class :o express$ a wi% to rema9 appr5tices until #ahdj4 ,on "o e/ate1 six out ( eight took ?is c\rse1 on ano!r1 twelve out ( f\rte51 & 9 "s in/ances1 all ! non-pra$ials det]m9$ to suff] x out ) ! re/ ( _! bre?r51 refus+ to accept fre$om until ) ! :ole body !y c\ld rise up & %\t ! jubilee ( univ]sal dis9?rallm5t4 ,"h is a nobility wor?y to comp>e ) ! pati5ce ( ! pra$ials4 ,9 connection ) ! conduct ( ! non-pra$ials1 he m5tion$ ! foll[+ in/ance ( :ite brutality & negro magnanimity4 ,a plant]1 ^: negroes he 0 classify+1 br\ght =w>d a woman :om he claim$ z a pra$ial4 ,! woman decl>$ t %e 0 a non-pra$ial1 & on inve/igation x 0 cle>ly prov$ t %e _h always be5 a dome/ic2 & consequ5tly entitl$ to fre$om 9 #ahch4 ,aft] ! plant]'s claim 0 set aside1 ! woman said1 ,n[ ,i w /ay ) massa1 & be 8 'pr5tice = de udd] two ye>4 ,%ortly be=e we left ! ,bay1 our l&lady1 a color$ woman1 introduc$ "o ( h] neighbors1 ^: conv]sation af=d$ u a r>e treat4 ,%e 0 a color$ lady ( good appe>ance & lady l mann]s4 ,suppos+ f h] color t %e _h be5 prompt$ by /rong sympa?y 9 our objects to seek an int]view ) u1 we imm$iately introduc$ ! subject ( slav]y1 /at+ t z we _h a va/ numb] ( slaves 9 our c\ntry1 we _h visit$ ,jamaica to see h[ ! fre$ p behav$1 ) ! hope t our c\ntrym5 might be enc\rag$ to adopt emancipation4 ,alack a day6 ,! tawny madam %ook h] head1 &1 ) t peculi> creole :9e1 s expressive ( contempt1 said1 ,c't say any ?+ = y1 sir--!y n do+ no good n[1 sir--! negroes an't6--& on %e w5t abus+ ! appr5tices1 & d5\nc+ abolition4 ,no ,am]ican :ite lady c\ld speak m disp>ag+ly ( ! nigg]s1 ?an did ?is recreant desc5dant ( ! negro race4 ,!y did no "w1 !y /ole1 7 insol5t1 insubord9ate1 & :at n4 ,%e conclud$ 9 ! foll[+ elegiac /ra91 :i* did n fail to t\* our sympa?ies4 ,i c't tell :at w become ( u aft] #ahdj4 ,our negroes w be tak5 away f u--we %all f9d no "w to d ourselves--we %all all h to beg1 & :o %all we beg f8 ,all w be begg>s1 & we mu/ />ve6 ,poor ,miss ,l4 is "o ( t un=tunate class :o h hi!rto ga9$ a meagre support f ! /ol5 hire ( a few slaves1 & :o1 aft] entire emancipation1 w be /ripp$ ( e ?+4 ,?is is ! class ^u :om emancipation w fall mo/ heavily2 x w at once ca/ _m out ( a situation ( ease1 into ! humiliat+ dilemma ( labor+ or begg+--to ! latt] ( :i* alt]natives1 ,miss ,l4 seems incl9$4 ,let ,miss ,l4 be com=t$6 ,x is bett] to beg ?an to /eal4 ,we proce$$ f ,morant ,bay to ,ba?1 a di/ance ( f\rte5 miles1 :]e we put up at a neat cottage lodg+-h\se1 kept by ,miss ,p41 a color$ lady4 ,ba? is a picturesque little village1 emb[]$ 9 p]petual gre51 & ly+ at ! foot ( a m\nta9 on "o side1 & on ! o!r by ! m>g9 ( a rambl+ little riv]4 ,x seems to h accumulat$ ar\nd x & )9 x1 all ! v]dure & foliage ( a tropical clime4 ,hav+ a lett] ( introduction1 we call$ on ! special magi/rate = t di/rict--,george ,willis1 ,esq4 ,z we ent]$ 8 (fice1 an appr5tice 0 l$ up 9 irons by a policeman1 & at ! same "t ano!r man rode up ) a lett] f ! ma/] ( ! appr5tice1 direct+ ! magi/rate to release him in/antly4 ,! facts ( ?is case1 z ,mr4 ,w4 himself expla9$ !m to u1 w illu/rate ! c>eless mann] 9 :i* ! magi/rates adm9i/] ! law4 ,! ma/] _h s5t 8 appr5tice to a neighbor+ e/ate1 :]e !re _h be5 "s di/urbance1 to get 8 clo!s1 :i* _h be5 left !re4 ,! ov]se] ( ! e/ate f9d+ an intrud] on 8 prop]ty1 _h him h&cuff$ =?)1 not)/&+ 8 repeat$ decl>ations t 8 ma/] _h s5t him4 ,hav+ h&cuff$ him1 he ord]$ him to be tak5 be=e ! special magi/rate1 ,mr4 ,w41 :o _h him conf9$ 9 ! /ation-h\se all night4 ,mr4 ,w41 9 pursuance ( ! direction receiv$ f ! ma/]1 ord]$ ! man to be releas$1 b at ! same "t repeat$ly decl>$ to him t ! ov]se] 0 n to blame = arre/+ him4 ,aft] ?is case 0 dispos$ (1 ,mr4 ,w1 turn$ to u4 ,he said he _h a di/rict ( ?irty miles 9 ext5t1 includ+ five ?\s& appr5tices2 ^! he visit$ ?rice e mon?4 ,he /at$ t !re _h be5 a gradual decrease ( crime s9ce he came to ! di/rict1 :i* 0 e>ly 9 #ahce4 ,= example1 9 ,m>*1 #ahcg1 !re 7 b tw5ty-f\r p]sons puni%$1 & 9 ,m>*1 #ahce1 !re 7 z _m puni%$ 9 a s+le week4 ,he expla9$ ?is by say+ t ! appr5tices _h become bett] acqua9t$ ) ! requirem5ts ( ! law4 ,! *ief (f5ce at pres5t 0 abscond+ f labor4 ,?is magi/rate gave u an acc\nt ( an al>m+ rebellion :i* _h lately occurr$ 9 8 di/rict1 :i* we w v5ture to notice1 s9ce x is ! only s]i\s di/urbance on ! "p ( ! negroes1 :i* has tak5 place 9 ! isl&1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! appr5tice%ip4 ,ab\t two weeks be=e1 ! appr5tices on ,?ornton e/ate1 am\nt+ to ab\t n9ety1 _h refus$ to "w1 & fl$ 9 a body to ! woods1 :]e !y /ill rema9$4 ,_! compla9t1 accord+ to our in=mant1 01 t _! ma/] _h turn$ ! cattle ^u _! provision gr\nds1 & all _! provisions 7 de/roy$1 s t !y c\ld n live4 ,!y1 !re=e1 det]m9$ t !y w\ld n cont9ue at "w1 see+ !y w\ld be oblig$ to />ve4 ,mr4 ,w4 /at$ t he _h visit$ ! provision gr\nds1 9 company ) two dis9t]e/$ plant]s1 & he c\ld affirm t ! appr5tices _h no j cause ( compla9t4 ,x 0 true _! f5ces _h be5 brok5 d[n1 & _! provisions _h be5 some:at injur$1 b ! f5ce c\ld be v easily repair$1 & !re 0 an abundance ( yams left to furni% food = ! :ole gang = "s "t to come--^? t 7 de/roy$ be+ *iefly "y roots :i* w\ld n h come to maturity = sev]al mon?s4 ,^! /atem5ts 7 ! sub/ance ( a =mal report :i* he _h j prep>$ = ! eye ( ,sir ,lionel ,smi?1 & :i* he 0 k9d en\gh to read to u4 ,?is 0 a f9e report1 truly1 to come f a special ju/ice4 ,to say no?+ ( ! %ort "t 9 :i* ! f5ce might be repair$1 ^? 7 surely v da9ty-m\!d cattle t w\ld consume ^? roots only :i* 7 s small t sev]al mon?s w\ld be requisite = _! maturity4 ,! report conclud$ ) a recomm5dation to 8 ,excell5cy to take sem9>y v5geance ^u a few ( ! gang z soon z !y c\ld be arre/$1 s9ce !y _h set su* an example to ! surr\nd+ appr5tices4 ,he c\ld n see h[ ord] & subord9ation c\ld be pres]v$ 9 8 di/rict unless su* a puni%m5t 0 inflict$ z w\ld be a w>n+ to all evil do]s4 ,he fur!r sugge/$ ! propriety ( s5d+ ! m>oons,a aft] !m1 to hunt !m out ( _! hid+ places & br+ !m to ju/ice4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! m>oons are free negroes1 inhabit+ ! m\nta9s ( ! int]ior1 :o 7 =m]ly hir$ by ! au?orities1 or by plant]s1 to hunt up runaway slaves1 & return !m to _! ma/]s4 ,un=tunately our own c\ntry is n )\t its m>oons4 ,we *anc$ to obta9 a diff]5t v]sion ( ?is affair1 :i*1 z x 0 confirm$ by diff]5t p]sons 9 ,ba?1 bo? :ite & color$1 :o _h no connection ) ea* o!r1 we _c help ?9k+ x ! true "o4 ,! appr5tices on ,?ornton1 are :at is t]m$ a jobb+ gang1 t is1 !y are hir$ out by _! ma/] to any plant] :o may want _! s]vices4 ,jobb+ is univ]sally reg>d$ by ! negroes z ! wor/ k9d ( s]vice1 = _m reasons--pr9cipally because x (t5 takes !m _m miles f _! homes1 & !y are /ill requir$ to supply !mselves ) food f _! own provision gr\nds4 ,!y are all[$ to return home e ,friday ev5+ or ,saturday1 & /ay till ,monday morn+4 ,! own] ( ! gang 9 "q lately di$--to :om x is said !y 7 greatly atta*$--& !y pass$ into ! h&s ( a ,mr4 ,jock51 ! pres5t ov]se]4 ,jock5 is a notori\sly cruel man4 ,x 0 sc>cely a twelvemon? ago1 t he 0 f9$ "o hundr$ p\nds curr5cy1 & s5t5c$ to imprisonm5t = ?ree mon?s 9 ! ,k+/on jail1 = ty+ "o ( 8 appr5tices to a dead ox1 because ! animal di$ :ile 9 ! c>e ( ! appr5tice4 ,he also conf9$ a woman 9 ! same p5 ) a dead %eep1 because %e suff]$ ! %eep to die4 ,repeat$ acts ( cruelty h caus$ ,jock5 to be reg>d$ z a mon/] 9 ! community4 ,f a k ( 8 "*1 ! appr5tices ( ,?ornton _h a /rong prejudice aga9/ him4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ acts aft] he w5t among !m1 0 to break d[n _! f5ces1 & turn 8 cattle into _! provision gr\nds4 ,he !n ord]$ !m to g to a di/ant e/ate to "w4 ,?is !y refus$ to d1 & :5 he attempt$ to compel !m to g1 !y left ! e/ate 9 a body1 & w5t to ! woods4 ,?is is :at is call$ a /ate ( op5 rebellion1 & = ?is !y 7 to be hunt$ l bea/s1 & to suff] su* a t]rible puni%m5t z w\ld det] all o!r appr5tices f tak+ a simil> /ep4 ,?is ,jock5 is ! same wret* :o wantonly h&cuff$ ! appr5tice1 :o w5t on to 8 e/ate by ! direction ( 8 ma/]4 ,mr4 ,willis %[$ u a lett] :i* he _h receiv$ t morn+ f a plant] 9 8 di/rict1 :o _h j be5 try+ an exp]im5t 9 job "w1 7i4e41 pay+ 8 p s mu* = a c]ta9 am\nt ( "w47 ,he _h made a proposition to "o ( ! head m5 on ! e/ate1 t he w\ld give him a d\bloon an acre if he w\ld get t5 acres ( cane l& hol$4 ,! man employ$ a l>ge numb] ( appr5tices1 & accompli%$ ! job on ?ree successive ,saturdays4 ,!y work$ at ! rate ( ne>ly "o hundr$ holes p] day = ea* man1 :]eas ! usual day's "w is only sev5ty-five holes4 ,mr4 ,w4 bore te/imony t ! great body ( ! negroes 9 8 di/rict 7 v peaceable4 ,!re 7 b a few incorrigible fell[s1 t did all ! mis*ief4 ,:5 any di/urbance took place on an e/ate1 he c\ld g5]ally tell :o ! individual (f5d]s 74 ,he did n ?9k !re w\ld be any s]i\s difficulty aft] #ahdj4 ,h[ev]1 ! result he ?\ght w\ld greatly dep5d on ! conduct ( ! manag]s6 ,we met 9 ,ba? ) ! proprietor ( a c(fee e/ate situat$ a few miles 9 ! c\ntry4 ,he gave a v favorable acc\nt ( ! p on 8 e/ate2 /at+ t !y 7 z peaceable & indu/ri\s z he c\ld desire1 t he _h _! confid5ce1 & fully expect$ to reta9 x aft] entire emancipation4 ,he anticipat$ no tr\ble :atev]1 & he felt assur$1 too1 t if ! plant]s w\ld conduct 9 a prop] mann]1 emancipation w\ld be a bless+ to ! :ole colony4 ,we call$ on ! ,wesleyan mission>y1 :om we f\nd ! decid$ fri5d & advocate ( fre$om4 ,he scrupl$ n to decl>e 8 s5tim5ts respect+ ! special magi/rate1 :om he decl>$ to be a cruel & di%one/ man4 ,he seem$ to take delight 9 flogg+ ! appr5tices4 ,he _h got a :ipp+ ma*9e made & erect$ 9 front ( ! ,episcopal *ur* 9 ! village ( ,ba?4 ,x 0 a frame ( a triangul> %ape1 ! base ( :i* re/$ firmly on ! gr\nd1 & hav+ a p]p5dicul> beam f ! base to ! apex or angle4 ,to ?is beam ! appr5tice's body 0 la%$1 ) 8 face t[>ds ! ma*9e1 & 8 arms ext5d$ at "r angles1 & ti$ by ! wri/s4 ,! mission>y _h witness$ ! flogg+s at ?is ma*9e repeat$ly1 z x /ood b a few /eps f 8 h\se4 ,be=e we rea*$ ,ba?1 ! ma*9e _h be5 remov$ f its conspicu\s place & conceal$ 9 ! bu%es1 t ! gov]nor might n see x :5 he visit$ ! village4 ,z ?is mission>y _h be5 = sev]al ye>s labor+ 9 ! isl&1 & _h enjoy$ ! be/ opportunities to become ext5sively acqua9t$ ) ! negroes1 we solicit$ f him a writt5 answ] to a numb] ( inquiries4 ,we make "s extracts f 8 communication4 #a4 ,h ! facilities = mission>y ef=t greatly increas$ s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y8 ,! opportunities ( ! appr5tices to att5d ! means ( grace are great] ?an dur+ absolute slav]y4 ,!y h n[ "o day & a half e week to "w = _! support1 leav+ ! ,sabba? free to wor%ip ,god4 #b4 ,d y anticipate t ^! facilities w increase /ill m aft] entire fre$om8 ,yes4 ,! p w !n h six days ( _! own to labor = _! bread1 & w be at lib]ty to g to ! h\se ( ,god e ,sabba?4 ,"u ! pres5t sy/em1 ! magi/rate (t5 takes away ! ,saturday1 z a puni%m5t1 & !n !y mu/ ei!r "w on ! ,sabba? or />ve4 #c4 ,are ! negroes likely to rev5ge by viol5ce ! wrongs :i* !y h suff]$1 aft] !y obta9 _! fre$om8 ,i nev] he>d ! idea sugge/$1 nor %\ld ,i h ?\ght ( x _h y n made ! inquiry4 ,we call$ on ,mr4 ,rog]s1 ! tea*] ( a ,mico *>ity infant s*ool 9 ,ba?4 ,mr4 ,r41 8 wife & daught]1 are all engag$ 9 ?is "w4 ,!y h a day s*ool1 & ev5+ s*ool ?ree ev5+s 9 ! week1 & ,sabba? s*ool twice ea* ,sabba?4 ,! ev5+ s*ools are = ! b5efit ( ! adult appr5tices1 :o manife/ ! greate/ eag]ness to le>n to read4 ,aft] work+ all day1 !y w come sev]al miles to s*ool1 & /ay *e]fully till n9e o'clock4 ,mr4 ,r4 furni%$ u ) a writt5 communication1 f :i* we extract ! foll[+4 ,que/4 ,are ! appr5tices desir\s ( be+ in/ruct$8 ,ans4 ,mo/ assur$ly !y are2 9 pro( ( :i* ,i w\ld obs]ve t s9ce our e/abli%m5t 9 ,ba?1 ! p n only att5d ! s*ools regul>ly1 b if !y obta9 a leaf ( a book ) lett]s ^u x1 t is _! con/ant companion4 ,we h f\nd mo!rs ) _! suck+ babes 9 _! arms1 /&+ night aft] night 9 _! classes le>n+ ! alphabet4 ,q4 ,are ! negroes grateful = att5tions & favors8 ,a4 ,!y are2 ,i h met "s :o h be5 s mu* affect$ by acts ( k9dness1 t !y h bur/ into te>s1 exclaim+1 ',massa s k9d--my he>t full4' ,_! affection to _! tea*]s is v rem>kable4 ,on my return lately f ,k+/on1 aft] a tempor>y abs5ce1 ! negroes flock$ to our resid5ce & surr\nd$ ! *aise1 say+1 ',we glad to see massa aga92 we glad to see s*ool massa4' ,on my way ?r\gh an e/ate "s "t ago1 "s ( ! *ildr5 obs]v$ me1 & 9 a transport ( joy cri$1 ',?ank ,god1 massa come aga96 ,bless ,god de ,savior1 massa come aga96' ,mr4 ,r41 said he1 casually met ) an appr5tice ^: ma/] _h lately di$4 ,! man 0 9 ! habit ( visit+ 8 ma/]'s grave e ,saturday4 ,he said to ,mr4 ,r41 ,me g to massa grave1 & de wat] come into me yeye2 b me c't help x1 massa1 de wat] w come into me yeye4 ,! ,wesleyan mission>y told u1 t two appr5tices1 an ag$ man & 8 daught]1 a "y woman1 _h be5 br\ght up by _! ma/] be=e ! special magi/rate :o s5t5c$ !m to sev]al days conf9em5t 9 ! h\se ( correction at ,morant ,bay & to dance ! treadmill4 ,:5 ! s5t5ce 0 pass$ ! daught] entreat$ t %e might be all[$ to d h] fa!r's "p1 z well z h] own1 on ! treadmill1 = he 0 too old to dance ! :eel--x w\ld kill him4 ,f ,ba? we w5t into ! ,planta9 ,g>d5 ,riv] ,valley1 "o ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ beautiful savannahs 9 ! isl&4 ,x is an ext5sive pla91 f "o to ?ree miles wide1 & ab\t six miles long4 ,! ,planta9 ,g>d5 ,riv]1 a small /ream1 w9ds ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! valley l5g?wise1 empty+ into ! sea4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! valley1 we w5t a few miles s\? ( x to call on ,alex&] ,b>clay1 ,esq41 to :om we _h a lett] ( introduction4 ,mr4 ,b>clay is a prom95t memb] ( ! assembly1 & an attorney = eight e/ates4 ,he made himself some:at di/+ui%$ a few ye>s ago by writ+ an octavo volume ( five hundr$ pages 9 def5ce ( ! colonies1 i4e41 9 def5ce ( colonial slav]y4 ,x 0 a reply to ,/eph5's ma/]ly "w aga9/ ,we/ ,india slav]y1 & 0 consid]$ by ! ,jamaicans a triumphant v9dication ( _! peculi> in/itutions4 ,we w5t sev]al miles out ( our r\te expressly to h an int]view ) s zeal\s & celebrat$ a *ampion ( slav]y4 ,we 7 receiv$ ) m>k$ c\rtesy by ,mr4 ,b41 :o con/ra9$ u to sp5d a day & night ) him at 8 seat at ,fairfield4 ,"o ( ! fir/ objects t met our eye 9 ,mr4 ,b4's d9+ hall 0 a spl5did piece ( silv] plate1 :i* 0 pres5t$ to him by ! plant]s ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 9 consid]ation ( 8 able def5ce ( colonial slav]y4 ,we 7 favorably impress$ ) ,mr4 ,b4's intellig5ce1 & some:at s ) 8 pres5t s5tim5ts respect+ slav]y4 ,we ga!r$ f him t he _h resi/$ ) all 8 might ! anti-slav]y measures ( ! ,engli% gov]nm5t1 & ex]t$ e p[] to prev5t ! introduction ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em4 ,aft] he saw t slav]y w\ld inevitably be aboli%$1 he drew up at l5g? a plan ( emancipation accord+ to :i* ! condition ( ! slave 0 to be commut$ into t ( ! old ,engli% ville9--he 0 to be made an app5dage to ! soil in/ead ( ! *attel p]sonal ( ! ma/]1 ! :ip 0 to be p>tially aboli%$1 a modicum ( wages 0 to be all[$ ! slave1 & s on4 ,!re 0 to be no fix$ p]iod :5 ?is sy/em w\ld t]m9ate1 b x 0 to fade gradually & imp]ceptibly into entire fre$om4 ,he pres5t$ a copy ( 8 s*eme to ! !n gov]nor1 ! ,e>l ( ,mulgrave1 reque/+ t x might be =w>d$ to ! home gov]nm5t4 ,mr4 ,b4 said t ! anti-slav]y p>ty 9 ,engl& _h act$ f ! bl9d impulses ( religi\s fanaticism1 & _h precipitat$ to its issue a "w :i* requir$ _m ye>s ( sil5t prep>ation 9 ord] to its safe accompli%m5t4 ,he intimat$ t ! managem5t ( abolition ought to h be5 left ) ! coloni/s2 !y _h be5 ! long exp]i5c$ manag]s ( slav]y1 & !y 7 ! only m5 qualifi$ to sup]9t5d its burial1 & give x a dec5t int]m5t4 ,he did n ?9k t ! appr5tice%ip af=d$ any clue to ! d>k my/]y ( #ahdj4 ,appr5tice%ip 0 s inconsid]ably diff]5t f slav]y1 t x furni%$ no m satisfactory data = judg+ ( ! results ( entire fre$om ?an slav]y itself4 ,nei!r w\ld he cons5t to be com=t$ by ! actual results ( emancipation 9 ,antigua4 ,tak+ leave ( ,mr4 ,b>clay1 we return$ to ! ,planta9 ,g>d5 ,riv] ,valley1 & call$ at ! ,gold5 ,grove1 "o ( ! mo/ spl5did e/ates 9 t magnific5t di/rict4 ,?is is an e/ate ( two ?\s& acres2 x has five hundr$ appr5tices & "o hundr$ free *ildr54 ,! av]age annual crop is six hundr$ hog%eads ( sug>4 ,?omas ,mc,cornock1 ,esq41 ! attorney ( ?is e/ate1 is ! cu/os1 or *ief magi/rate ( ! p>i%1 & colonel ( ! p>i% militia4 ,!re is no man 9 all ! p>i% ( great] consequ5ce1 ei!r 9 fact or 9 seem+ self-e/imation1 ?an ,?omas ,mc,cornock1 ,esq4 ,he is a ,scot*man1 z is also ,mr4 ,b>clay4 ,! cu/os receiv$ u ) z mu* fre$om z ! dignity ( 8 num]\s (fices w\ld admit (4 ,! ov]se]1 7manag]17 ,mr4 ,duncan1 is an intellig5t1 active1 bus9ess man1 & on any o!r e/ate ?an ,gold5 ,grove1 w\ld d\btless be a p]sonage ( consid]able di/9ction4 ,he conduct$ u ?r\gh ! num]\s build+s1 f ! boil+-h\se to ! pig-/ye4 ,! pr9cipal compla9t ( ! ov]se]1 0 t he c\ld n make ! p "w to any good purpose4 ,!y 7 n at all refractory or disob$i5t2 !re 0 no difficulty 9 gett+ !m on to ! field2 b :5 !y 7 !re1 !y mov$ )\t any life or en]gy4 ,!y took no int]e/ 9 _! "w1 & he 0 oblig$ to be wat*+ & scold+ !m all ! "t1 or else !y w\ld d no?+4 ,we _h n gone _m /eps aft] ?is obs]vation1 be=e we met ) a practical illu/ration ( x4 ,a numb] ( ! appr5tices _h be5 ord]$ t morn+ to c>t away "s dirt to a p>ticul> place4 ,:5 we approa*$ !m1 ,mr4 ,d4 f\nd t "o ( ! wa9s 0 /&+ idle4 ,he inquir$ ( ! driv] :y he 0 keep+ ! team idle4 ,! reply 01 t !re 0 no?+ !re = x to d2 !re 7 en\gh o!r wa9s to c>ry away all ! dirt4 ,!n1 inquir$ ! ov]se] ) an ill-conceal$ irritation1 :y did n g to "s o!r "w8 ,! ov]se] !n turn$ to u & said1 ,y see1 sir1 :at lazy dogs ! appr5tices are--?is is ! way !y d e day1 if !y are n closely wat*$4 ,x 0 n long aft] ?is little incid5t1 be=e ! ov]se] rem>k$ t ! appr5tices work$ v well dur+ _! own "t1 :5 !y 7 paid = x4 ,:5 we w5t into ! hospital1 ,mr4 ,d4 direct$ out att5tion to "o fact1 :i* to him 0 v provok+4 ,a great portion ( ! pati5ts t come 9 dur+ ! week1 unable to "w1 are 9 ! habit ( gett+ well on ,friday ev5+1 s t !y c g out on ,saturday & ,sunday2 b on ,monday morn+ !y are sure to be sick aga91 !n !y return to ! hospital & rema9 v poorly till ,friday ev5+1 :5 !y get well all at once1 & ask p]mission to g out4 ,! ov]se] saw into ! trick2 b he c\ld f9d no m$ic9e t c\ld cure ! negroes ( t int]mitt5t sickness4 ,! ,antigua plant]s discov]$ ! rem$y = x1 & d\btless ,mr4 ,d4 w make ! gr& discov]y 9 #ahdj4 ,on return+ to ! great h\se1 we f\nd ! cu/os sitt+ 9 /ate1 ready to communicate any (ficial in=mation :i* might be call$ =4 ,he express$ simil> s5tim5ts 9 ! ma91 ) ^? ( ,mr4 ,b>clay4 ,he fe>$ = ! consequ5ces ( complete emancipation2 ! negroes w\ld to a great ext5t ab&on ! sug> cultivation & retire to ! woods1 !re to live 9 idl5ess1 plant+ m]ely yams en\gh to keep !m alive1 & 9 ! process ( "t1 retrograd+ into ,african b>b>ism4 ,! attorney did n see h[ x 0 possible to prev5t ?is4 ,:5 ask$ :e!r he expect$ t su* w\ld be ! case ) ! negroes on ,gold5 ,grove1 he repli$ t he did n ?9k x w\ld1 except ) a v few p]sons4 ,8 p _h be5 s well treat$1 & _h s _m com=ts1 t !y w\ld n be at all likely to ab&on ! e/ate6 ,m>k t6 ,^: are ! p t w des]t aft] #ahdj8 ,n ,?omas ,mc,cornock's1 ,esq46 ,!y are too well situat$4 ,^: !n w des]t8 ,mr4 ,jock5's1 or 9 o!r words1 ^? :o are ill-treat$1 :o are cruelly driv51 ^: f5ces are brok5 d[n1 & ^: provision gr\nds are expos$ to ! cattle4 ,!y1 & !y alone1 w retire to ! woods :o c't get food any :]e else6 ,! cu/os ?\ght ! appr5tices 7 behav+ v ill4 ,on be+ ask$ if he _h any tr\ble ) 81 he said1 ,o1 no6 8 appr5tices did q well1 & s did ! appr5tices g5]ally1 9 ! ,planta9 ,g>d5 ,riv] ,valley4 ,b 9 f> (f p>i%es1 he he>d t !y 7 v refractory & tr\blesome4 ,! cu/os te/ifi$ t ! negroes 7 v easily manag$4 ,he said he _h (t5 ?\ght t he w\ld r h ! *>ge ( six hundr$ negroes1 ?an ( two hundr$ ,engli% sailors4 ,he spoke also ( ! temp]ate habits ( ! negroes4 ,he _h be5 9 ! isl& tw5ty-two ye>s1 & he _h nev] se5 a negro woman drunk1 on ! e/ate4 ,x 0 v seldom t ! m5 got drunk4 ,!re 7 n m ?an t5 m5 on ,gold5 ,grove1 out ( a population ( five hundr$1 :o 7 9 ! habit ( occasionally gett+ intoxicat$4 ,he also rem>k$ t ! negroes 7 a rem>kable p = _! att5tion to ! old & infirm among !m2 !y seldom suff]$ !m to want1 if x 0 9 _! p[] to supply !m4 ,among o!r rem>ks ( ! cu/os1 0 ?is sweep+ decl>ation--,no man 9 8 s5ses c pret5d to def5d slav]y4 ,aft] sp5d+ a day at ,gold5 ,grove1 we proce$$ to ! adjac5t e/ate ( ,amity ,hall4 ,on ent]+ ! resid5ce ( ! manag]1 ,mr4 ,kirkl&1 we 7 mo/ gratefully surpris$ to f9d him engag$ 9 family pray]s4 ,x 0 ! fir/ "t & ! la/ t we he>d ! voice ( pray] 9 a ,jamaican plant]'s h\se4 ,we 7 no less gratefully surpris$ to see a :ite lady1 to :om we 7 introduc$ z ,mrs4 ,kirkl&1 & sev]al mode/ & lovely little *ildr54 ,x 0 ! fir/ & ! la/ family circle t we 7 p]mitt$ to see among ! plant]s ( t lic5ti\s colony4 ,! motley gr\p ( color$ *ildr5--( e age f t5d] infancy--:i* we f\nd on o!r e/ates1 reveal$ ! /ate ( dome/ic mann]s among ! plant]s4 ,mr4 ,k4 reg>d$ ! abolition ( slav]y z a great bless+ to ! colony2 x 0 true t ! appr5tice%ip 0 a wret*$ly bad sy/em1 b not)/&+1 ?+s mov$ smoo?ly on 8 e/ate4 ,he in=m$ u t ! negroes on ,amity ,hall _h =m]ly borne ! "* ( be+ ! wor/ gang 9 ! p>i%2 & :5 he fir/ came to ! e/ate1 he f\nd t half ! tru? _h n be5 told ( !m2 b !y _h become rem>kably peaceable & subord9ate4 ,x 0 8 policy to give !m e com=t t he possibly c\ld4 ,mr4 ,k4 made ! same decl>ation1 :i* has be5 s (t5 repeat$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is n>rative1 i4e41 t if any ( ! e/ates 7 ab&on$1 x w\ld be ow+ to ! h>% treatm5t ( ! p4 ,he knew _m ov]se]s & book-keep]s :o 7 cruel driv+ m51 & he %\ld n be surpris$ if !y lo/ a "p1 or all1 ( _! labor]s4 ,he made "o rem>k :i* we _h n he>d be=e4 ,!re 7 "s e/ates1 he said1 :i* w\ld probably be ab&on$1 = ! same reason t !y ought nev] to h be5 cultivat$1 because !y require almo/ d\ble labor2--su* are ! m\nta9\s e/ates & b>r51 worn-out prop]ties1 :i* no?+ b a sy/em ( =c$ labor c\ld possibly reta9 9 cultivation4 ,b ! idea t ! negroes g5]ally w\ld leave _! com=table homes1 & v>i\s privileges on ! e/ates1 & retire to ! wild woods1 he ridicul$ z prepo/]\s 9 ! extreme4 ,mr4 ,k4 decl>$ repeat$ly t he c\ld n look =w>d to #ahdj1 b ) ! mo/ sangu9e hopes2 he confid5tly believ$ t ! introduction ( complete fre$om w\ld be ! reg5]ation ( ! isl&4 ,he allud$ to ! memorable decl>ation ( ,"l ,belmore1 7made memorable by ! excitem5t :i* x caus$ among ! coloni/s17 9 8 val$ictory address to ! assembly1 on ! eve ( 8 dep>ture = ,engl&4,a ,g5tlem51 said he1 ! res\rces ( ?is noble isl& w nev] be fully develop$ until slav]y is aboli%$6 ,= ?is manly av[al ! assembly ignobly refus$ him ! usual m>ks ( respect & honor at 8 dep>ture4 ,mr4 ,k4 expect$ to see ,jamaica become a new _w "u ! ent]prise & en]gies ( fre$om4 ,!re 7 a few disaffect$ plant]s1 :o w\ld probably rema9 s1 & leave ! isl&s aft] emancipation4 ,x w\ld be a bless+ to ! c\ntry if su* m5 left x1 = z long z !y 7 disaffect$1 !y 7 ! enemies ( its prosp]ity4 ,footnote ,a3 ,"l ,belmore left ! gov]nm5t ( ,jamaica1 a %ort "t be=e ! abolition act pass$ 9 p>liam5t4 ,mr4 ,k4 conduct$ u ?r\gh ! negro qu>t]s1 :i* are situat$ on ! hill side1 ne>ly a mile f 8 resid5ce4 ,we w5t into sev]al ( ! h\ses2 :i* 7 ( a bett] /yle some:at ?an ! huts 9 ,antigua & ,b>badoes--l>g]1 bett] f9i%$ & furni%$4 ,"s few ( !m _h v]&ahs or por*es on "o or m sides1 aft] ! ,we/ ,india fa%ion1 clos$ 9 ) jal\sies4 ,9 ea* ( ! h\ses to :i* we 7 admitt$1 !re 0 "o ap>tm5t fitt$ up 9 a v neat mann]1 ) wax$ floor1 a good b$/ead1 & sn[ :ite cov]+s1 a few good *airs1 a mahogany sidebo>d1 ornam5t$ ) di%es1 decant]s1 etc4 ,f ,amity ,hall1 we drove to ,man*ioneal1 a small village t5 miles nor? ( ! ,planta9 ,g>d5 ,riv] ,valley4 ,we _h a lett] to ! special magi/rate = t di/rict1 ,r4 ,*amb]la91 ,esq41 a color$ g5tleman1 & ! fir/ magi/rate we f\nd 9 ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 :o 0 fai?ful to ! int]e/s ( ! appr5tices4 ,he 0 a bo>d] at ! public h\se1 :]e we 7 direct$ = lodg+s1 & z we sp5t a few days 9 ! village1 we _h opportunities ( obta9+ mu* in=mation f him1 z well z ( att5d+ "s ( 8 c\rts4 ,mr4 ,c4 _h be5 only five mon?s 9 ! di/rict ( ,man*ioneal1 hav+ be5 remov$ ?i!r f a di/ant di/rict4 ,be+ a fri5d ( ! appr5tices1 he is hat$ & p]secut$ by ! plant]s4 ,he gave u a gloomy picture ( ! oppressions & cruelties ( ! plant]s4 ,_! compla9ts br\ght be=e him are (t5 ( ! mo/ trivial k9d2 yet because he does n condemn ! appr5tices to receive a puni%m5t :i* ! mo/ s]i\s (f5ces alone c\ld ju/ify him 9 inflict+1 !y revile & d5\nce him z unfit = 8 /ation4 ,he repres5ts ! plant]s z n hav+ ! mo/ di/ant idea t x is ! prov9ce ( ! special magi/rate to secure ju/ice to ! appr5tice2 b !y reg>d x z 8 sole duty to help !m 9 gett+ f ! labor]s z mu* "w z :ips1 & *a9s1 & tread-:eels c extort4 ,8 pr$ecessor1 9 ! ,man*ioneal di/rict1 answ]$ p]fectly to ! plant]s' beau ideal4 ,he ord]$ a cat to be kept on e e/ate 9 8 di/rict1 to be ready = use z he w5t ar\nd on 8 weekly visits4 ,e week he inspect$ ! cats1 & :5 !y became too mu* worn to d good execution1 he condemn$ !m1 & ord]$ new ones to be made4 ,mr4 ,c4 said ! mo/ frequ5t compla9ts made by ! plant]s are = insol5ce4 ,he gave a few specim5s ( :at 7 reg>d$ by ! plant]s z s]i\s (f5ces4 ,an ov]se] w say to 8 appr5tice1 ,"w along !re fa/]1 y lazy villa91 or ,i'll /rike y2 ! appr5tice w reply1 ,y c't /rike me n[1 & = ?is he is tak5 be=e ! magi/rate on ! compla9t ( insol5ce4 ,an ov]se]1 9 pass+ ! gang on ! field1 w he> !m s++2 he w ord] !m1 9 a p]emptory tone to /op in/antly1 & if !y cont9ue s++1 !y are compla9$ ( = insubord9ation4 ,an appr5tice has be5 conf9$ to ! hospital ) disease1--:5 he gets able to walk1 tir$ ( ! fil?y sick h\se1 he hobbles to 8 hut1 :]e he may h ! att5tions ( 8 wife until he gets well4 ,t is call$ abscond+ f labor6 ,:]e ! magi/rate does n happ5 to be an indep5d5t man1 ! compla9t is su/a9$1 & ! poor invalid is s5t5c$ to ! treadmill = abs5t+ himself f "w4 ,x is easy to conjecture ! dreadful consequ5ce4 ,! appr5tice1 debilitat$ by sickness1 dragg$ (f tw5ty-five miles on foot to ,morant ,bay1 m\nt$ on ! :eel1 is unable to keep ! /ep ) ! /rong] ones1 slips (f & hangs by ! wri/s1 & 8 fle% is mangl$ & torn by ! :eel4 ,! appr5tices frequ5tly call$ at our lodg+s to compla9 to ,mr4 ,c4 ( ! h>d treatm5t ( _! ma/]s4 ,among ! num]\s di/ress+ cases :i* we witness$1 we %all nev] =get t ( a poor little negro boy1 ( ab\t twelve1 :o pres5t$ himself "o aft]noon be=e ,mr4 ,c41 ) a compla9t aga9/ 8 ma/] = viol5tly beat+ him4 ,a ga% 0 cut 9 8 head1 & ! blood _h fl[$ freely4 ,he fl$ f 8 ma/]1 & came to ,mr4 ,c4 = refuge4 ,he belong$ to ,a4 ,ross1 ,esq41 ( ,mulatto ,run e/ate4 ,we rememb]$ t we _h a lett] ( introduction to t plant]1 & we _h design$ visit+ him1 b aft] witness+ ?is sc5e1 we resolv$ n to g ne> a mon/] :o c\ld inflict su* a w\nd1 ) 8 own h&1 ^u a *ild4 ,we 7 highly gratifi$ ) ! k9d & sympa?iz+ mann] 9 :i* ,mr4 ,c4 spoke ) ! un=tunate be+s :o1 9 ! extremity ( _! wrongs1 v5tur$ to 8 door4 ,at ! reque/ ( ! magi/rate we accompani$ him1 on "o occasion1 to ! /ation-h\se1 :]e he held a weekly c\rt4 ,we _h !re a good opportunity to obs]ve ! ho/ile feel+s ( ! plant]s t[>ds ?is fai?ful (fic]--fai?ful among ! fai?less1 7?\gh we are glad t we _c q add1 only he47 ,a numb] ( manag]s1 ov]se]s1 & book-keep]s1 assembl$2 "s ) compla9ts1 & "s to h _! appr5tices classifi$4 ,!y all set ^u ! magi/rate l bloodh\nds ^u a lone /ag4 ,!y /rove toge!r ) "o accord1 to subdue 8 indep5d5t _s by taunts1 je]s1 insults1 intimidations & bully+s4 ,he 0 oblig$ to ?reat5 "o ( ! ov]se]s ) arre/1 on acc\nt ( 8 abusive conduct4 ,we 7 actually amaz$ at ! intrepidity ( ! magi/rate4 ,we 7 conv9c$ f :at we saw t day1 t only ! mo/ fe>less & consci5ti\s m5 c\ld be fai?ful magi/rates 9 ,jamaica4 ,mr4 ,c4 assur$ u t he met ) simil> indignities e "t he held 8 c\rts1 & on mo/ ( ! e/ates t he visit$4 ,x 0 9 8 p[] to puni% !m sev]ely1 b he *ose to use all possible =be>ance1 s z n to give ! plant]s any gr\nds ( compla9t4 ,on a subsequ5t day we accompani$ ,mr4 ,c4 9 "o ( 8 e/ate visits4 ,z x 0 late 9 ! aft]noon1 he call$ at b "o e/ate1 ! "n ( :i* 0 ,williamsfield4 ,mr4 ,gordon1 ! ov]se] ( ,williamsfield1 is among ! faire/ specim5s ( plant]s4 ,he has naturally a g5]\s disposition1 :i*1 l t ( ,mr4 ,kirkl&1 has out-liv$ ! )]+s ( slav]y4 ,he in=m$ u t 8 p work$ z well "u ! appr5tice%ip sy/em1 z ev] !y did dur+ slav]y2 & he _h e enc\ragem5t t !y w\ld d /ill bett] aft] !y 7 completely free4 ,he 0 satisfi$ t he %\ld be able to conduct 8 e/ate at mu* less exp5se aft] #ahdj2 he ?\ght t fifty m5 w\ld d z mu* !n z a hundr$ d n[4 ,we may add "h a simil> rem>k ( ,mr4 ,kirkl&--t =ty freem5 w\ld accompli% z mu* z eighty slaves4 ,mr4 ,gordon hires 8 p on ,saturdays1 & he express$ 8 a/oni%m5t at ! increas$ vigor ) :i* !y work$ :5 !y 7 to receive wages4 ,he po9t$ly condemn$ ! driv+ sy/em :i* 0 resort$ to by _m ( ! plant]s4 ,!y fooli%ly endeavor$ to keep up ! co]cion ( slav]y1 & !y _h ! special magi/rates incessantly flogg+ ! appr5tices4 ,! plant]s also n unfrequ5tly take away ! provision gr\nds f _! appr5tices1 & 9 e way oppress & h>ass !m4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! conv]sation ,mr4 ,g4 accid5tally /ruck ^u a fre% ve9 ( facts1 respect+ ! ,,slav]y ,,( ,,book-,,keep]s1,a "u ! old sy/em4 ,! book-keep]s1 said ,mr4 ,g41 7 ! complete slaves ( ! ov]se]s1 :o act$ l despots on ! e/ates4 ,!y 7 mo/ly "y m5 f ,engl&1 & n unfrequ5tly _h consid]able ref9em5t2 b ignorant ( ! treatm5t :i* book-keep]s _h to submit to1 & allur$ by ! prospect ( becom+ weal?y by plant]%ip1 !y came to ,jamaica & ent]$ z c&idates4 ,!y soon discov]$ ! cruel bondage 9 :i* !y 7 involv$4 ,! ov]se]s dom9e]$ ov] !m1 & /orm$ at !m z viol5tly z ?\gh !y 7 ! mo/ abject slaves4 ,!y 7 all[$ no privileges su* z _! =m] habits impell$ !m to seek4 ,if !y play$ a flute 9 ! he>+ ( ! ov]se]1 !y 7 comm&$ to be sil5t in/antly4 ,if !y d>$ to put a gold r+ on _! f+]1 ev5 t trifl+ pret5sion to g5tility 0 detect$ & disall[$ by ! jeal\s ov]se]4 7,^! ?+s 7 specifi$ by ,mr4 ,g4 himself47 ,!y 7 seldom p]mitt$ to associate ) ! ov]se]s z equals4 ,! only ?+ :i* reconcil$ ! book-keep]s to ?is abject /ate1 0 ! reflection t !y might "o day possibly become ov]se]s !mselves1 & !n !y c\ld ex]cise ! same au?ority ov] o!rs4 ,9 addition to ?is degradation1 ! book-keep]s suff]$ great h>d%ips4 ,e morn+ 7dur+ slav]y7 !y 7 oblig$ to be 9 ! field be=e day2 !y _h to be !re z soon z ! slaves1 9 ord] to call ! roll1 & m>k abs5tees1 if any4 ,(t5 ,mr4 ,g4 & ! o!r g5tleman _h gone to ! field1 :5 x 0 s d>k t !y c\ld n see to call ! roll1 & ! negroes h all la9 d[n on _! hoes1 & slept till ! light broke4 ,sometimes !re w\ld be a ?ick dew on ! gr\nd1 & ! air 0 s cold & damp1 t !y w\ld be completely *ill$4 ,:5 !y 7 %iv]+ on ! gr\nd1 ! negroes w\ld (t5 l5d !m _! blankets1 say+1 ,poor bu%a pickan9ny s5t out "h f ,engl& to die4 ,mr4 ,gordon said t 8 con/itution _h be5 p]man5tly injur$ by su* exposure4 ,_m "y m51 he said1 _h d\btless be5 kill$ by x4 ,dur+ crop "t1 ! book-keep]s _h to be up e night till twelve o'clock1 & e o!r night all night1 sup]9t5d+ ! "w 9 ! boil+-h\se1 & at ! mill4 ,!y did n h re/ ev5 on ! ,sabba?2 !y mu/ h ! mill put ab\t 7set to ! w9d s z to gr9d7 by sunset e ,sabba?4 ,(t5 ! mills 7 9 ! w9d be=e f\r o'clock1 on ,sabba? aft]noon4 ,!y knew ( slaves be+ flogg$ = n be+ on ! spot by sunset1 ?\gh x 0 kn[n t !y _h be5 to meet+4 ,mr4 ,g4 said t he _h a "y fri5d :o came f ,engl& ) him1 & act$ z book-keep]4 ,8 labors & exposures 7 s intol]able1 t he _h (t5 said to ,mr4 ,g41 confid5tially1 t if ! slaves %\ld rise 9 rebellion1 he w\ld mo/ *e]fully jo9 !m6 ,said ,mr4 ,g41 !re 0 great rejoic+ among ! book-keep]s 9 ,augu/ #ahcd6 ,! abolition ( slav]y 0 ,,emancipation ,,to ,,! ,,book-,,keep]s4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! book-keep]s are subord9ate ov]se]s & driv]s2 !y are g5]ally "y :ite m51 :o aft] s]v+ a c\rse ( ye>s 9 a sort ( appr5tice%ip1 are promot$ to manag]s ( e/ates4 ,no compla9ts 7 br\ght be=e ,mr4 ,*amb]la94 ,mr4 ,gordon pleasantly rem>k$ :5 we arriv$1 t he _h "s cases :i* he %\ld h pres5t$ if ! magi/rate _h come a little e>li]1 b he presum$ he %\ld =get !m be=e 8 next visit4 ,:5 we left ,williamsfield1 ,mr4 ,c4 in=m$ u t dur+ five mon?s !re _h be5 b two cases ( compla9t on t e/ate--& b a s+le in/ance ( puni%m5t4 ,su* are ! results :]e !re is a good manag] & a good special magi/rate4 ,on ,sabba? we att5d$ s]vice 9 ! ,bapti/ *apel1 ( :i* ,rev4 ,mr4 ,k+don is pa/or4 ,! *apel1 :i* is a "p ( ,mr4 ,k4's dwell+-h\se1 is situat$ on ! summit ( a high m\nta9 :i* ov]looks ! sea4 ,z se5 f ! valley bel[1 x appe>s to topple on ! v br9k ( a frightful precipice4 ,x is rea*$ by a w9d+ t$i\s road1 too rugg$ to admit ( a *aise1 & 9 "s places s /eep z to try ! activity ( a horse4 ,z we approa*$ ne>]1 we obs]v$ ! p climb+ up 9 ?rongs by v>i\s footpa?s1 & halt+ 9 ! ?ick woods :i* skirt$ ! *apel1 ! m5 to put on _! %oes1 :i* !y _h c>ri$ 9 _! h&s up ! m\nta91 & ! wom5 to draw on _! :ite /ock+s & %oes4 ,on ent]+ ! place ( wor%ip1 we f\nd x well fill$ ) ! appr5tices1 :o came f _m miles ar\nd 9 e direction4 ,! s]vices _h comm5c$ :5 we arriv$4 ,we he>d an excell5t s]mon f ! devot$ & pi\s mission>y1 ,mr4 ,k+don1 ^: praise is among all ! good ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 & :o is em95tly kn[n z ! negro's fri5d4 ,aft] ! s]mon1 we 7 invit$ to make a few rem>ks2 & ! m9i/] briefly /at$ to ! congregation :5ce we _h come1 & :at 0 ! object ( our visit4 ,we _c soon =get ! sc5e :i* foll[$4 ,we begun by express+1 9 simple t]ms1 ! int]e/ :i* we felt 9 ! temporal & spiritual conc]ns ( ! p pres5t1 & sc>cely _h we utt]$ a s5t5ce :5 ! :ole congregation 7 fill$ ) emotion4 ,soon !y bur/ into te>s--"s sobb$1 o!rs cri$ al\d2 insomu* t = a "t we 7 unable to proce$4 ,we 71 inde$1 n a little a/oni%$ at s unusual a sc5e2 x 0 a ?+ :i* we 7 by no means expect+ to see4 ,be+ at a loss to acc\nt = x1 we inquir$ ( ,mr4 ,k4 aft]w>ds1 :o told u t x 0 occasion$ by our expressions ( sympa?y & reg>d4 ,!y 7 s unaccu/om$ to he> su* language f ! lips ( :ite p1 t x fell ^u !m l ra9 ^u ! p>*$ e>?4 ,! idea t "o :o 0 a /rang] & a =eign] %\ld feel an int]e/ 9 _! welf>e1 0 to !m1 9 su* circum/ances1 peculi>ly affect+1 & /irr$ ! deep f\nta9s ( _! he>ts4 ,aft] ! s]vices1 ! mission>y1 anxi\s to fur!r our objects1 propos$ t we %\ld hold an int]view ) a numb] ( ! appr5tices2 & he accord+ly invit$ fifte5 ( !m into 8 /udy1 & introduc$ !m to u by "n1 /at+ also ! e/ates to :i* !y sev]ally belong$4 ,we _h ?us an opportunity ( see+ ! repres5tatives ( twelve diff]5t e/ates1 m5 ( tru/ on _! respective e/ates1 mo/ly con/ables & head boil]s4 ,= ne>ly two h\rs we conv]s$ ) ^! m51 mak+ inquiries on all po9ts connect$ ) slav]y1 ! appr5tice%ip1 & ! expect$ emancipation4 ,f no int]view1 dur+ our /ay 9 ! colonies1 did we d]ive s mu* in=mation respect+ ! real work+s ( ! appr5tice%ip2 f none did we ga9 su* an insight into ! "* & disposition ( ! negroes4 ,! company 0 compos$ ( intellig5t & pi\s m52--s manly & dignifi$ 7 !y 9 appe>ance1 & s elevat$ 9 _! s5tim5ts1 t we c\ld ) difficulty realize t !y 7 slaves4 ,!y 7 :olly unres]v$ 9 _! communications1 ?\gh !y deeply implicat$ _! ma/]s1 ! special magi/rates1 & o!rs 9 au?ority4 ,x is n improbable t !y w\ld h %runk f "s ( ! disclosures :i* !y made1 _h !y kn[n t !y w\ld be publi%$4 ,nev]!less we feel assur$ t 9 mak+ !m public1 we %all n betray ! in=mants1 conceal+ z we d _! names & ! e/ates to :i* !y belong4 ,) reg>d to ! wrongs & h>d%ips ( ! appr5tice%ip mu* z said2 we c only give a small "p4 ,_! ma/]s 7 (t5 v h>% ) !m1 m s ?an :5 !y 7 slaves4 ,!y c\ld n flog !m1 b !y w\ld scold !m1 & swe> at !m1 & call !m h>d names1 :i* hurt _! feel+s almo/ z mu* z x w\ld if !y 7 to flog !m4 ,!y w\ld n all[ !m z _m privileges z !y did =m]ly4 ,sometimes !y w\ld take _! provision gr\nds away1 & sometimes !y w\ld g on _! gr\nds & c>ry away provisions = _! own use )\t pay+ = !m1 or z mu* z ask+ _! leave4 ,!y _h to be> ?is1 = x 0 useless to compla9--!y c\ld get no ju/ice2 !re 0 no law 9 ,man*ioneal4 ,! special magi/rate w\ld only he> ! ma/]1 & w\ld n all[ ! appr5tices to say any ?+ = !mselves,a4 ,! magi/rate w\ld d j z ! bu%a 7ma/]7 said4 ,if he say flog him1 he flog him2 if he say1 s5d him to ,morant ,bay1 7to ! treadmill17 de magi/rate s5d him4 ,if we happ5 to laugh be=e de bu%a1 he compla9 to de magi/rate1 & we get lick$4 ,if we g to a fri5d's h\se1 :5 we hungry1 to get some?+ to eat1 & happ5 to get lo/ 9 de woods betwe51 we are call$ runaways1 & are puni%$ sev]ely4 ,our half ,friday is tak5 away f u2 we mu/ give t "t to bu%a = a little salt-fi%1 :i* 0 always all[$ u dur+ slav]y4 ,if we lay 9 b$ aft] six o'clock1 !y take away our ,saturday too4 ,if we lose a little "t f "w1 !y make u pay a great deal m "t4 ,!y /at$1 & s did sev]al ( ! mission>ies1 t ! loss ( ! half ,friday 0 v s]i\s to !m2 z x (t5 r5d]$ x impossible = !m to get to meet+ on ,sunday4 ,! :ole "w ( cultivat+ _! gr\nds1 prep>+ _! produce = sale1 c>ry+ x to ! di/ant m>ket1 7,morant ,bay1 & sometimes fur!r17 & return+1 all ?is 01 by ! loss ( ! ,friday aft]noon1 cr[d$ into ,saturday1 & x 0 (t5 impossible = !m to get back f m>ket be=e ,sabba? morn+2 !n !y _h to dress & g six or t5 miles fur!r to *apel1 or /ay away altoge!r1 :i*1 f we>9ess & worldly c>es1 !y w\ld be /rongly tempt$ to d4 ,?is !y repres5t$ z be+ a griev\s ?+ to !m4 ,said "o ( ! m52 9 a peculi>ly solemn & e>ne/ mann]1 :ile ! te>s /ood 9 8 eyes1 ,i decl>e to y1 massa1 if de ,"l sp>e we to be free1 we be mu* m 'ligi\rs--we be wise to _m m t+s2 we be bett] ,*ri/ians2 because d5 we h all de ,sunday = g to meet+4 ,b n[ de holy "t tak5 up 9 "w = we food4 ,^! words 7 deeply impress$ ^u u by ! int5se e>ne/ness ) :i* !y 7 spok54 ,!y reveal$ ! he>t's own bitt]ness4 ,!re 0 also a light+ up ( joy & hope 9 ! c\nt5ance ( t *ild ( ,god1 z he look$ =w>d to ! "t :5 he might become wise to _m m t+s4 ,footnote ,a3 ,we w\ld obs]ve1 t !y did n ref] to ,mr4 ,*amb]la91 b to ano!r magi/rate1 ^: "n !y m5tion$4 ,!y gave a he>t-sick5+ acc\nt ( ! cruelties ( ! treadmill4 ,!y spoke ( ! appr5tices hav+ _! wri/s ti$ to ! h&bo>d1 & said x 0 v common = !m to fall & hang aga9/ ! :eel4 ,"s :o _h be5 s5t to ! treadmill1 _h actually di$ f ! injuries !y !re receiv$4 ,!y 7 (t5 oblig$ to see _! wives dragg$ (f to ,morant ,bay1 & ti$ to ! treadmill1 ev5 :5 !y 7 9 a /ate ( pregnancy4 ,!y suff]$ a great deal ( mis]y f t2 b !y c\ld n help x4 ,sometimes x 0 a wond] to !mselves h[ !y c\ld endure all ! provocations & suff]+s ( ! appr5tice%ip2 x 0 only by de m]cy ( ,god6 ,!y 7 ask$ :y !y did n compla9 to ! special magi/rates4 ,!y repli$1 t x did no good1 = ! magi/rates w\ld n take any notice ( _! compla9ts1 besides1 x made ! ma/]s treat !m /ill worse4 ,said "o1 ,we g to de magi/rate to compla91 & d5 :5 we come back de bu%a d all him c to vex u4 ,he w+le 7tease7 u1 & w+le u2 de book-keep] curse u & treat5 u2 de con/able he scold u1 & call h>d names1 & dey all /rive to make we mad1 s we say somet+ wrong1 & d5 dey take we to de magi/rate = insol5ce4 ,su* 0 ! f9al consequ5ce ( compla9+ to ! magi/rate4 ,we ask$ !m :y !y did n compla91 :5 !y _h a good magi/rate :o w\ld d !m ju/ice4 ,_! answ] reveal$ a new fact4 ,!y 7 afraid to compla9 to a magi/rate1 :o !y knew 0 _! fri5d1 because _! ma/]s told !m t ! magi/rate w\ld soon be *ang$1 & ano!r w\ld come :o w\ld flog !m2 & t = e "t !y d>$ to compla9 to ! ,,good magi/rate1 !y w\ld be flogg$ :5 ! ,,bad "o came4 ,!y said _! ma/]s _h expla9$ x all to !m long ago4 ,we inquir$ ( !m p>ticul>ly :at c\rse !y int5d$ to take :5 !y %\ld become free4 ,we reque/$ !m to speak1 n only ) ref]5ce to !mselves1 b ( ! appr5tices g5]ally1 z f> z !y knew _! views4 ,!y said ! appr5tices expect$ to "w on ! e/ates1 if !y 7 all[$ to d s4 ,!y _h no int5tion ( leav+ "w4 ,no?+ w\ld cause !m to leave _! e/ates b bad treatm5t2 if _! ma/]s 7 h>%1 !y w\ld g to ano!r e/ate1 :]e !y w\ld get bett] treatm5t4 ,!y w\ld be oblig$ to "w :5 !y 7 free2 ev5 m ?an n[1 = !n !y w\ld h no o!r dep5d5ce4 ,"o tri$ to prove to u by reason+1 t ! p w\ld "w :5 !y 7 free4 ,said he1 ,9 slav]y "t we "w ev5 wid de :ip1 n[ we "w 'till bett]--:at t9k we w d :5 we free8 ,won't we "w d51 :5 we get paid8 ,he appeal$ to u s e>ne/ly1 t we c\ld n help ackn[l$g+ we 7 fully conv9c$4 ,h[ev]1 9 ord] to e/abli% ! po9t /ill m cle>ly1 he /at$ "s facts1 su* z ! foll[+3 ,dur+ slav]y1 x took six m5 to t5d ! copp]s 9 boil+ sug>1 & x 0 ?\ght t few] c\ld n possibly d ! "w2 b n[1 s9ce ! boil]s are paid = _! extra "t1 ! "w is monopoliz$ by ?ree m54 ,!y w\ld n h any help2 !y did all ! "w dat dey might get all de pay4 ,we s\nd$ !m ?or\ghly on _! views ( law & fre$om4 ,we inquir$ :e!r !y expect$ to be all[$ to d z !y pleas$ :5 !y 7 free4 ,on ?is subject !y spoke v rationally4 ,said "o1 ,we c\ld nev] live wid\t de law2 7we use1 8 v expressions7 we mu/ h "s law :5 we free4 ,9 o!r c\ntries1 :]e dey are free1 don't dey h law8 ,w\ldn't dey %oot "o ano!r if !y did n h law8 ,?us !y reason$ ab\t fre$om4 ,_! *ief compla9t aga9/ ! appr5tice%ip 01 t x did n all[ !m ju/ice4 ,!re 0 no law n[4 ,!y _h be5 told by ! gov]nor1 t !re 0 ! same law = all ! isl&2 b !y knew bett]1 = !re 0 m ju/ice done !m 9 "s di/ricts ?an 9 o!rs4 ,"s ( _! expressions indicat$ v /rongly ! *>act]i/ic k9dness ( ! negro4 ,!y w\ld say1 we "w n[ z well z we c = ! sake ( peace2 any ?+ = peace4 ,don't want to be compla9$ ( to ! magi/rate2 don't l to be call$ h>d names--d any ?+ to keep peace4 ,su* expressions 7 repeat$ly made4 ,we ask$ !m :at !y ?\ght ( ! dome/ics be+ emancipat$ 9 #ahch1 :ile !y _h to rema9 appr5tices two ye>s long]8 ,!y said1 x bad en\gh--b we "k de law make x s1 & = peace sake1 we w be satisfy4 ,b we murmur 9 we m9ds4 ,we ask$ :at !y expect$ to d ) ! old & infirm1 aft] fre$om8 ,!y said1 we w support dem--z h[ dey br\ght u up :5 we 0 pickan9ny1 & n[ we come trong1 mu/ c>e = dem4 ,9 su* a _s did ^! appr5tices disc\rse = two h\rs4 ,!y won greatly ^u our sympa?y & respect4 ,! t\*+ /ory ( _! wrongs1 ! artless unbosom+ ( _! hopes1 _! =giv+ _s t[>d _! ma/]s1 _! di/9ct views ( _! own rights1 _! amiable be>+ "u provocation1 _! j notions ( law1 & ( a /ate ( fre$om--^! ?+s 7 well calculat$ to excite our admiration = !m1 & _! companions 9 suff]+4 ,hav+ pray$ ) ! company1 & comm5d$ !m to ! grace ( ,god1 & ! salvation ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 we %ook h&s ) !m individually1 & sep>at$ f !m1 nev] m to see !m1 until we meet at ! b> ( ,god4 ,:ile "o ( u 0 prosecut+ ! =ego+ inquiries 9 ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 ! o!r 0 p]=m+ a horse-back t\r among ! m\nta9s ( ,/4 ,&rews & ,port ,royal4 ,we _h be5 invit$ by ,/eph5 ,b\rne1 ,esq41 special magi/rate = "o ( ! rural di/ricts 9 ^? p>i%es1 to sp5d a week 9 8 family1 & accompany him 9 8 (ficial visits to ! plantations embrac$ 9 8 commission--an invitation we 7 v glad to accept1 z x laid op5 to u at ! same "t ?ree important s\rces ( in=mation1--! magi/rate1 ! plant]1 & ! appr5tice4 ,! sun 0 j ris+ z we left ,k+/on1 & ent]$ ! high road4 ,! air1 :i* ! day be=e _h be5 pa9fully hot & /iv$1 0 cool & fre%1 & f fl[]s & spice-trees1 on :i* ! dew /ill lay1 w5t =? a ?\s& fragrant exhalations4 ,our c\rse = ab\t six miles1 lay ov] ! broad1 l[ pla91 :i* spreads ar\nd ,k+/on1 we/w>d to ! highl&s ( ,/4 ,&rews1 & s\?w>d beyond ,spani%t[n4 ,all along ! road1 & 9 v>i\s directions 9 ! di/ance1 7 se5 ! resid5ces--unc\?ly t]m$ 'p5s'--( m]*ants & g5tlem5 ( weal?1 ^: bus9ess frequ5tly calls !m to t[n4 ,unlike ,b>badoes1 ! fields "h 7 protect$ by walls & h$ges1 ) broad gateways & av5ues lead+ to ! h\se4 ,we soon began to meet "h & !re1 at int]vals1 p]son go+ to ! m>ket ) fruits & provisions4 ,! numb] cont9ually increas$1 & at ! end ( an h\r1 !y c\ld be se5 trudg+ ov] ! fields1 & along ! by-pa?s & roads1 on e h&4 ,"s _h a c\ple ( /unt$ donkeys yok$ to a ricketty c>t1--o!rs _h mules ) pack-saddles--b ! _m load$ _! own heads1 in/ead ( ! donkeys & mules4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 well dress$1 & all civil & respectful 9 _! conduct4 ,invigorat$ by ! m\nta9 air1 & animat$ by ! novelty & gr&eur ( ! m\nta9 sc5]y1 ?r\gh :i* we _h pass$1 we arriv$ at ',grecian ,regale' 9 season = an e>ly ,we/ ,indian breakfa/1 7#h o'clock47 ,mr4 ,b\rne's di/rict is entirely compos$ ( c(fee plantations1 & embraces ?ree ?\s& appr5tices4 ,! p on c(fee plantations are n work$ s h>d z ^? employ$ on sug> e/ates2 b !y are m liable to suff] f insuffici5t food & clo?+4 ,aft] breakfa/ we accompani$ ,mr4 ,b\rne on a visit to ! plantations1 b !re 7 no compla9ts ei!r f ! ma/] or appr5tice1 except on "o4 ,"h ,mr4 ,b4 0 hail$ by a ho>y-head$ man1 sitt+ at ! side ( 8 h\se4 ,he said t he 0 lame & sick1 & c\ld n "w1 & compla9$ t 8 ma/] did n give him any food4 ,all he _h to eat 0 giv5 him by a relative4 ,z ! ma/] 0 n at home1 ,mr4 ,b4 c\ld n att5d to ! compla9t at t "t1 b promis$ to write ! ma/] ab\t x 9 ! c\rse ( ! day4 ,he in=m$ u t ! ag$ & disabl$ 7 v mu* neglect$ "u ! appr5tice%ip4 ,:5 ! work+ days are ov]1 ! pr(it days are ov]1 & h[ few 9 any c\ntry are will+ to support an animal :i* is pa/ labor8 ,if ^! compla9ts are num]\s "u ! new sy/em1 :5 magi/rates are all abroad to rem$y !m1 :at mu/ x h be5 dur+ slav]y1 :5 ma/] & magi/rate 7 ! same6 ,on "o ( ! plantations we call$ at ! h\se ( an emigrant1 ( :i* "s hundr$s h be5 import$ f diff]5t p>ts ( ,europe1 s9ce emancipation4 ,he _h be5 9 ! isl& eighte5 mon?s1 & 0 mu* dissatisfi$ ) 8 situation4 ,! exp]im5t ( import+ :ites to ,jamaica z labor]s1 has prov$ disa/r\s--an un=tunate speculation to all p>ties1 & all p>ties wi% !m back aga94 ,we _h "s conv]sation ) sev]al appr5tices1 :o call$ on ,mr4 ,b\rne = advice & aid4 ,!y all ?\ght ! appr5tice%ip v h>d1 b /ill1 on ! :ole1 lik$ x bett] ?an slav]y4 ,!y 7 kill$ too bad1--t 0 _! expression--dur+ slav]y--7 work$ h>d & t]ribly flogg$4 ,!y 7 up ev] s e>ly & late--w5t out 9 ! m\nta9s to "w1 :5 s cold bu%a w\ld h to cov] himself up on ! gr\nd4 ,_h little "t to eat1 or g to meet+4 ',twas all sla%1 sla%6 ,n[ !y c\ldn't be flogg$1 unless ! magi/rate said s4 ,/ill ! bu%a 0 v h>d to !m1 & _m ( ! appr5tices run away to ! woods1 !y are s badly us$4 ,! next plantation :i* we visit$ 0 ,dubl9 ,ca/le4 ,x lies 9 a deep valley1 q enclos$ by m\nta9s4 ,! pres5t attorney has be5 9 ! isl& n9e ye>s1 & is attorney = sev]al o!r prop]ties4 ,9 ,engl& he 0 a religi\s man1 & intimately acqua9t$ ) ! ecc5tric ,irv+4 ,= a :ile aft] he came out he prea*$ to ! slaves1 b hav+ tak5 a black concub9e1 & treat+ ^? "u 8 *>ge oppressively1 he soon obta9$ a bad "* among ! blacks1 & 8 meet+s 7 des]t$4 ,he is n[ a mo/ passionate & wick$ man1 hav+ ca/ (f ev5 ! %[ ( religion4 ,mr4 ,b4 visit$ ,dubl9 ,ca/le a few weeks s9ce1 & sp5t two days 9 he>+ compla9ts br\ght aga9/ ! manag] & book-keep] by ! appr5tices4 ,he f9$ ! manag]1 = diff]5t acts ( oppression1 "o hundr$ & eight doll>s4 ,! attorney 0 pres5t dur+ ! :ole "t4 ,ne> ! close ( ! second day he reque/$ p]mission to say a few words1 :i* 0 grant$4 ,he rais$ 8 h&s & eyes 9 ! mo/ agoniz$ mann]1 z ?\gh passion 0 wri?+ )91 & bur/ =?--,o1 my ,god6 my ,god6 has x inde$ come to ?is6 ,am ,i to be arraign$ 9 ?is way8 ,is my conduct to be que/ion$ by ^! p8 ,is my au?ority to be de/roy$ by ! int]f]5ce ( /rang]8 ,o1 my ,god6 ,& he fell back into ! arms ( 8 book-keep]1 & 0 c>ri$ out ( ! room 9 convulsions4 ,! next morn+ we />t$ on ano!r excursion1 = ! purpose ( att5d+ ! appraisem5t ( an appr5tice belong+ to ,silv] ,hill1 a plantation ab\t t5 miles di/ant f ,grecian ,regale4 ,we rode b a %ort di/ance 9 ! t[n road1 :5 we /ruck (f into a n>r[ defile by a mule-pa?1 & pu%$ into ! v he>t ( ! m\nta9s4 ,we felt some:at timid at ! comm5cem5t ( our excursion among ^! m9or ,&es1 b we ga9$ confid5ce z we proce$$1 & f9d+ our horse sure-foot$ & q famili> ) m\nta9 pa?s1 we soon le>n$ to gallop1 )\t fe>1 along ! highe/ cliffs1 & ?r\gh ! mo/ dang]\s passes4 ,we 7 once put 9 "s jeop>dy by a drove ( mules1 lad5 ) c(fee4 ,we =tunately saw !m1 z !y came r\nd ! po9t ( a hill1 at "s di/ance1 9 season to secure ourselves 9 a little recess :]e ! pa? wid5$4 ,on !y came1 *e]$ by ! l\d cries ( _! driv]s1 & pass$ rapidly =w>d1 "o aft] ano!r1 ) ! headlong /upidity :i* animals1 claim+ m wisdom ?an quadrup$s1 n unfrequ5tly manife/4 ,:5 !y came up to u1 h[ev]1 !y %[$ t !y 7 n unaccu/om$ to su* enc\nt]s1 &1 al?\gh ! space betwe5 u & ! br[ ( ! precipice1 0 n ?ree feet wide1 !y all contriv$ to sway _! bodies & heavy sacks 9 su* a mann] z to pass u safely1 except "o4 ,he1 m /upid or m unlucky ?an ! re/1 /ruck u a full broad-side z he w5t by jolt+ u h>d aga9/ ! hill1 & well-nigh jolt+ himself d[n ! craggy desc5t into ! abyss bel[4 ,"o leg hung a mom5t ov] ! precipice1 b ! poor bea/ sudd5ly ?rew 8 :ole weight =w>d1 & by a desp]ate leap1 obta9$ sure foo?old 9 ! pa?1 & aga9 trudg$ along ) 8 c(fee-bags4 ,on our way we call$ at two plantations1 b f\nd no compla9ts4 ,at "o ( !m we _h "s conv]sation ) ! ov]se]4 ,he has on x "o hundr$ & ?irty appr5tices1 & produces annually ?irty ?\s& p\nds ( c(fee4 ,he in=m$ u t he 0 gett+ along well4 ,8 p are indu/ri\s & ob$i5t1 z mu* s1 to say ! lea/1 z "u ! old sy/em4 ,! crop ?is ye> is n s great z usual1 on acc\nt ( ! sev]e dr\ght4 ,8 plantation 0 nev] bett] cultivat$4 ,besides ! "o hundr$ & ?irty appr5tices1 !re are =ty free *ildr51 :o are support$ by _! p>5ts4 ,none ( !m w "w = hire1 or 9 any way put !mselves "u 8 control1 z ! p>5ts fe> !re is "s plot laid = mak+ !m appr5tices1 & ?r\gh t process r$uc+ !m to slav]y4 ,he ?9ks ?is feel+ w cont9ue till ! appr5tice%ip is entirely brok5 up1 & ! p beg9 to feel assur$ ( complete fre$om1 :5 x w disappe>4 ,we rea*$ ,silv] ,hill ab\t noon4 ,?is plantation conta9s "o hundr$ & t5 appr5tices1 & is "u ! managem5t ( a color$ man1 :o has _h *>ge ( x sev5 ye>s4 ,he in=m$ u t x 0 "u z good cultivation n[ z x 0 be=e emancipation4 ,8 p are easily controll$4 ,v mu* dep5ds on ! conduct ( ! ov]se]4 ,if he is dispos$ to be j & k9d1 ! appr5tices are sure to behave well2 if he is h>% & sev]e1 & attempts to drive !m1 !y w take no pa9s to please him1 b on ! contr>y1 w be sulky & ob/9ate4 ,!re 7 ?ree ov]se]s f o!r e/ates pres5t4 ,"o ( !m _h be5 an ov]se] = =ty ye>s1 & he possess$ ! looks & feel+s :i* we suppose a man :o has be5 ?us long 9 a s*ool ( despotism1 mu/ possess4 ,he _h a giant =m1 :i* seem$ to be break+ d[n ) luxury & s5sualism4 ,8 ord9>y voice 0 ho>se & gu/y1 & 8 smile diabolical4 ,emancipation _h swept away 8 p[] :ile x left ! love ( x ravag+ 8 he>t4 ,he c\ld n speak ( ! new sy/em ) composure4 ,8 contempt & hatr$ ( ! negro 0 unadult]at$4 ,he spoke ( ! appr5tices ) great bitt]ness4 ,!y 7 excessively lazy & impud5t1 & 7 becom+ m & m s e day4 ,!y did n d half ! "w n[ t !y did be=e emancipation4 ,x 0 ! "* ( ! negro nev] to "w unless compell$4 ,8 p w\ld n labor = him an h\r 9 _! own "t1 al?\gh he _h (f]$ to pay !m = x4 ,!y h n ! lea/ gratitude4 ,!y w leave him 9 ! mid/ ( 8 crop1 & help o!rs1 because !y c get a little m4 ,!y sp5d all _! half ,fridays & _! ,saturdays on o!r plantations :]e !y receive =ty c5ts a day4 ,tw5ty-five c5ts is en\gh = !m1 & is z mu* z he w give4 ,mr4 ,b4 reque/$ ! ov]se] to br+ =w>d 8 compla9ts4 ,he _h only two4 ,"o 0 aga9/ a boy ( t5 = /eal+ a gill ( goat's milk4 ,! *>ge 0 disprov$4 ,! o!r 0 aga9/ a boy ( twelve = neglect+ ! cattle1 & p]mitt+ !m to trespass on ! l&s ( a neighbor4 ,he 0 s5t5c$ to receive a good swit*+--t is1 to be beat5 ) a small /ick by ! con/able ( ! plantation4 ,sev]al appr5tices !n appe>$ & made a few trivial compla9ts aga9/ 'bu%a4' ,!y 7 quickly adju/$4 ,^! 7 all ! compla9ts t _h accumulat$ 9 five weeks4 ,! pr9cipal bus9ess :i* call$ ,mr4 ,b\rne to ! plantation1 z we h already rem>k$1 0 ! appraisem5t ( an appr5tice4 ,! apprais]s 7 himself & a local magi/rate4 ,! appr5tice 0 a native born ,african1 & 0 /ol5 f 8 c\ntry :5 a boy4 ,he _h always resid$ on ?is plantation1 & _h always be5 a fai?ful labor]4 ,he 0 n[ ! con/able1 or driv]1 z ! (fice 0 call$ 9 slav]y times1 ( ! second gang4 ,! ov]se] te/ifi$ to 8 hone/y & indu/ry1 & said he regrett$ mu* to h him leave4 ,he 01 z appe>$ by ! plantation books1 fifty-f\r ye>s old1 b 0 evid5tly above sixty4 ,aft] exam9+ sev]al witnesses z to ! old man's ability & g5]al heal?1 & mak+ calculations by ! rule ( ?ree1 ) ! cold accuracy ( a yankee horse-b>ga91 x 0 decid$ t 8 s]vices 7 wor? to ! plantation =ty-eight doll>s a ye>s1 & = ! rema9+ "t ( ! appr5tice%ip1 consequ5tly1 at t rate1 "o hundr$ & fifty-six doll>s4 ,"o ?ird ( ?is 0 d$uct$ z an all[ance = ! probabilities ( dea?1 & sickness1 leav+ "o hundr$ & f\r doll>s z ! price ( 8 r$emption4 ,! old man object$ /rongly & e>ne/ly to ! price2 he said1 x 0 too mu*2 he _h n money en\gh to pay x2 & begg$ !m1 ) te>s 9 8 eyes1 n to make him pay s mu* = 8 old bones2 b !y w\ld n remit a c5t4 ,!y c\ld n4 ,!y 7 ! /]n m9i/]s ( ! ,briti% emancipation law1 ! praises ( :i* h be5 %\t$ ?r\gh ! e>?6 ,( ! ?ree ov]se]s :o 7 pres5t1 n "o c\ld be call$ a respectable man4 ,_! c\nt5ances 7 ! mirrors ( all lu/ful & desp]ate passions4 ,!y 7 cont9ually dr9k+ rum & wat]1 & "o ( !m 0 half drunk4 ,our next visit 0 to an elevat$ plantation call$ ,pet]'s ,rock4 ,! pa? to x 01 9 "o place1 s /eep1 t we _h to dism\nt & p]mit our horses to "w _! way up z !y c\ld1 :ile we foll[$ on foot4 ,we !n w\nd along among provision gr\nds & c(fee fields1 ?r\gh =e/s :]e h>dly a track 0 to be se51 & ov] h$ges1 :i* ! horses 7 oblig$ to leap1 till we issu$ on ! great pa? :i* leads f ! plantation to ,k+/on4 ,pet]'s ,rock has "o hundr$ appr5tices1 & is "u ! managem5t1 z ,mr4 ,b\rne in=m$ u1 ( a v humane man4 ,dur+ ! two ye>s & a half ( ! appr5tice%ip1 !re _h be5 only six compla9ts4 ,z we approa*$ ! plantation we saw ! appr5tices at ! side ( ! road1 eat+ _! breakfa/4 ,!y _h be5 at "w "s di/ance f _! h\ses1 & c\ld n sp5d "t to g home4 ,!y salut$ u ) great civility1 mo/ ( !m ris+ & uncov]+ _! heads4 ,9 answ] to our que/ions1 !y said !y 7 gett+ along v well4 ,!y said _! ma/] 0 k9d to !m1 & !y appe>$ 9 f9e spirits4 ,! ov]se] met u z we rode up to ! door1 & receiv$ u v c\rte\sly4 ,he _h no compla9ts4 ,he in=m$ u t ! plantation 0 z well cultivat$ z x _h be5 = _m ye>s1 & ! p 7 p]fectly ob$i5t & indu/ri\s4 ,f ,pet]'s ,rock we rode to ,hall's ,prospect1 a plantation on :i* !re are sixty appr5tices "u ! *>ge ( a black ov]se]1 :o1 two ye>s ago1 0 a slave4 ,x 0 five weeks s9ce ,mr4 ,b4 _h be5 !re1 & yet he _h only "o compla9t1 & t aga9/ a woman = be+ late at "w on ,monday morn+4 ,! reason %e gave = ?is 01 t %e w5t to an e/ate "s miles di/ant to sp5d ! ,sabba? ) h] husb&4 ,mr4 ,b\rne1 by ! aid ( funds left 9 8 h&s by ,mr4 ,/urge1 is ab\t to e/abli% a s*ool on ?is plantation4 ,mr4 ,b41 at a previ\s visit1 _h in=m$ ! p ( :at he int5d$ to d1 & ask$ _! co-op]ation4 ,z soon z !y saw him to-day1 sev]al ( !m imm$iately inquir$ ab\t ! s*ool1 :5 x w\ld beg91 c4 ,!y %[$ ! greate/ eag]ness & ?ankfulness4 ,mr4 ,b4 told !m he %\ld s5d a tea*] z soon z a h\se 0 prep>$4 ,he _h be5 talk+ ) _! ma/] 7! attorney ( ! plantation7 ab\t fix+ "o1 :o _h (f]$ !m ! old lock-up h\se1 if !y w\ld put x 9 ord]4 ,!re 0 a murmur among !m at ?is annunciation4 ,at l5g? "o ( ! m5 said1 !y did n want ! s*ool to be held 9 ! lock-up h\se4 ,x 0 n a good place = _! pickan9nies to g to4 ,!y _h mu* r h "s o!r build+1 & w\ld be glad to h x close to _! h\ses4 ,mr4 ,b4 told !m if !y w\ld put up a small h\se ne> _! own1 he w\ld furni% x ) desks & b5*es4 ,to ?is !y all ass5t$ ) great joy4 ,on our way home we saw1 z we did on v>i\s o!r occasions1 _m ( ! appr5tices ) hoes1 baskets1 c41 go+ to _! provision gr\nds4 ,we _h "s conv]sation ) !m z we rode along4 ,!y said !y _h be5 9 ! fields pick+ c(fee s9ce half pa/ five o'clock4 ,!y 7 n[ go+1 z !y always did aft] horn-bl[ 9 ! aft]noon1 7f\r o'clock17 to _! gr\nds1 :]e !y %\ld /ay till d>k4 ,"s ( _! gr\nds 7 f\r1 o!rs six miles f home4 ,!y all lik$ ! appr5tice%ip bett] ?an slav]y4 ,!y 7 n flogg$ s mu* n[1 & _h m "t to !mselves4 ,b !y %\ld l fre$om mu* bett]1 & %\ld be glad :5 x came4 ,we met a br[n "y woman driv+ an ass lad5 ) a great v>iety ( articles4 ,%e said %e _h be5 to ,k+/on 7fifte5 miles (f7 ) a load ( provisions1 & _h pur*as$ "s ?+s to sell to ! appr5tices4 ,we ask$ h] :at %e did ) h] money4 ,give x to my husb&1 said %e4 ,d y keep none = y\rself8 ,%e smil$ & repli$3 ,:at = him = me4 ,aft] we _h pass$1 ,mr4 ,b4 in=m$ u t %e _h be5 an appr5tice1 b pur*as$ h] fre$om a few mon?s previ\s1 & 0 n[ engag$ z a k9d ( c\ntry m]*ant4 ,%e pur*ases provisions ( ! negroes1 & c>ries !m to ,k+/on1 :]e %e ex*anges !m = p9s1 ne$les1 ?read1 dry goods1 & su* articles z ! appr5tices ne$1 :i* %e aga9 ex*anges = provisions & money4 ,mr4 ,b\rne in=m$ u t real e/ate is mu* high] ?an be=e emancipation4 ,he m5tion$ "o p5 :i* 0 pur*as$ = eighte5 hundr$ doll>s a few ye>s s9ce4 ,! own] _h receiv$ n9e hundr$ doll>s z 'comp5sation' = fre$om4 ,x has lately be5 leas$ = sev5 ye>s by ! own]1 = n9e hundr$ doll>s p] ye>4 ,a g5tleman :o owns a plantation 9 ,mr4 ,b4's di/rict1 sold p>cels ( l& to ! negroes be=e emancipation at five %ill+s p] acre4 ,he n[ obta9s tw5ty-sev5 %ill+s p] acre4 ,! h\se 9 :i* ,mr4 ,b4 resides 0 r5t$ 9 #ahcc = "o hundr$ & fifty doll>s4 ,mr4 ,b4 engag$ x on 8 arrival = ?ree ye>s1 at two hundr$ & =ty doll>s p] ye>4 ,8 l&lord in=m$ him a few days s9ce1 t on ! expiration ( 8 pres5t lease1 he %\ld raise ! r5t to ?ree hundr$ & ?irty doll>s4 ,mr4 ,b4 is acqua9t$ ) a g5tleman ( weal?1 :o has be5 endeavor+ = ! la/ twelve mon?s to pur*ase an e/ate 9 ?is isl&4 ,he has (f]$ high prices1 b has z yet be5 unable to obta9 "o4 ,l&hold]s h s mu* confid5ce 9 ! value & security ( real e/ate1 t !y d n wi% to "p ) x4 ,aft] our visit to ,silv] ,hill1 our att5tion 0 p>ticul>ly turn$ to ! condition ( ! negro gr\nds4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 v clean & fl\ri%+4 ,l>ge plats ( ! onion1 ( cocoa1 planta91 banana1 yam1 potatoe1 & o!r tropic vegetables1 7 scatt]$ all ar\nd )9 five or six miles ( a plantation4 ,we 7 mu* pleas$ ) ! appe>ance ( !m dur+ a ride on a ,friday4 ,9 ! =5oon1 !y _h all be5 vacant2 n a p]son 0 to be se5 9 !m2 b aft] "o o'clock1 !y began gradually to be occupi$1 till1 at ! end ( an h\r1 :]e-ev] we w5t1 we saw m51 wom51 & *ildr5 labor+ indu/ri\sly 9 _! little g>d5s4 ,9 "s places1 ! hills to _! v summits 7 spott$ ) cultivation4 ,till ,monday morn+ ! appr5tices 7 free1 & !y c]ta9ly manife/$ a /rong disposition to sp5d t "t 9 tak+ c>e ( !mselves4 ,! te/imony ( ! num]\s appr5tices ) :om we conv]s$1 0 to ! same effect z our obs]vation4 ,!y all te/ifi$ t !y 7 pay+ z mu* att5tion to _! gr\nds z !y ev] did1 b t _! provisions _h be5 cut %ort by ! dr\ght4 ,!y _h _! l& all prep>$ = a new crop1 & 7 only wait+ = ra9 to put 9 ! se$4 ,mr4 ,b\rne corroborat$ _! /atem5t1 & rem>k$1 t he nev] f\nd ! lea/ difficulty 9 procur+ labor]s4 ,c\ld he h ! possession ( ! l>ge/ plantation 9 ! isl& to-day1 he _h no d\bt t1 )9 a week1 he c\ld procure free labor]s en\gh to cultivate e acre4 ,on "o occasion1 :ile among ! m\nta9s1 we 7 impress$ on a jury to sit 9 inque/ on ! body ( a negro woman f\nd dead on ! high road4 ,%e 01 z appe>$ 9 evid5ce1 on h] return f ! h\se ( correction1 at ,half-,way-,tree1 :]e %e _h be5 s5t5c$ = f\rte5 days1 & be5 put on ! treadmill4 ,%e _h compla9$ to "s ( h] acqua9tances ( h>% treatm5t !re1 & said !y _h kill$ h]1 & t if %e ev] liv$ to rea* home1 %e %\ld tell all h] massa's negroes nev] to cross ! ?re%old ( ,half-,way-,tree1 z x w\ld kill !m4 ,! evid5ce1 h[ev]1 0 n cle> t %e di$ 9 consequ5ce ( su* treatm5t1 & ! jury1 accord+ly1 decid$ t %e came to h] dea? by "s cause unkn[n to !m4 ,n9e ( ! jury 7 ov]se]s1 & if !y1 collect$ toge!r indiscrim9ately on ?is occasion1 7 a specim5 ( ^? :o h *>ge ( ! appr5tices 9 ?is isl&1 !y mu/ be mo/ degrad$ & brutal m54 ,!y appe>$ m "u ! influ5ce ( l[ passions1 m degrad$ by s5suality1 & b little m intellig5t1 ?an ! negroes !mselves4 ,in/ead ( possess+ irresponsible p[] ov] _! fell[s1 !y ought !mselves to be "u ! p[] ( ! mo/ /rict & en]getic laws4 ,our visits to ! plantations1 & inquiries on ?is po9t1 confirm$ ?is op9ion4 ,!y are ! 'feculum' ( ,european society--ignorant1 passionate1 lic5ti\s4 ,we d !m no inju/ice :5 we say ?is1 nor :5 we fur!r add1 t ! appr5tices suff] 9 a hundr$ ways :i* ! law _c rea*1 gross insults & oppression f _! excessive rapaci\sness & lu/4 ,:at mu/ x h be5 dur+ slav]y8 ,we _h "s conv]sation ) ,*5y ,hamilton1 ,esq41 "o ( ! special magi/rates = ,port ,royal4 ,he is a color$ man1 & has held 8 (fice ab\t eighte5 mon?s4 ,!re are ?ree ?\s& appr5tices 9 8 di/rict1 :i* embraces sug> & c(fee e/ates4 ,! compla9ts are few & ( a v trivial nature4 ,!y mo/ly orig9ate ) ! plant]s4 ,mo/ ( ! cases br\ght be=e him are = petty !ft & abs5ce f "w4 ,9 8 di/rict1 cultivation 0 nev] bett]4 ,! negroes are will+ to "w dur+ _! own "t4 ,8 fa!r-9-law is cle>+ up "s m\nta9 l& = a c(fee plantation1 by ! labor ( appr5tices f neighbor+ e/ates4 ,! seasons s9ce emancipation h be5 bad4 ,! blacks cultivate _! own gr\nds on _! half ,fridays & ,saturdays1 unless !y c obta9 employm5t f o!rs4 ,no?+ is do+ by ! plant]s = ! education ( ! appr5tices4 ,_! only object is to get z mu* "w out ( !m z possible4 ,! blacks1 s f> z he has _h opportunity to obs]ve1 are 9 e respect z quiet & indu/ri\s z !y 7 be=e fre$om4 ,he said if we w\ld comp>e ! "* ( ! compla9ts br\ght by ! ov]se]s & appr5tices aga9/ ea* o!r1 we %\ld see = ourselves :i* p>ty 0 ! mo/ peaceable & law-abid+4 ,to ^! views we may "h add ^? ( ano!r g5tleman1 ) :om we _h consid]able conv]sation ab\t ! same "t4 ,he is a proprietor & local magi/rate1 & 0 repres5t$ to u z a k9d & humane man4 ,mr4 ,b\rne /at$ to u t he _h n _h six cases ( compla9t on 8 plantation = ! la/ twelve mon?s4 ,we give 8 mo/ important /atem5ts 9 ! foll[+ brief items3 #a4 ,he has _h *>ge ( e/ates 9 ,jamaica s9ce #ahjd4 ,at "o "t he _h twelve hundr$ negroes "u 8 control4 ,he n[ owns a c(fee plantation1 on :i* !re are "o hundr$ & t5 appr5tices1 & is also attorney = sev]al o!rs1 ! own]s ( :i* reside out ( ! isl&4 #b4 ,8 plantation is well cultivat$ & clean1 & 8 p are z indu/ri\s & civil z !y ev] 74 ,he employs !m dur+ _! own "t1 & always f9ds !m will+ to "w = him1 unless _! own gr\nds require _! att5dance4 ,cultivation g5]ally1 ?r\gh ! isl&1 is z good z x ev] 04 ,_m ( ! plant]s1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! appr5tice%ip1 r$uc$ ! quantity ( l& cultivat$2 he did n d s1 b on ! contr>y is ext5d+ 8 plantation4 #c4 ,! crops ?is ye> are n s good z usual4 ,?is is no fault ( ! appr5tices1 b is ow+ to ! bad season4 #d4 ,! conduct ( ! appr5tices dep5ds v mu* on ! conduct ( ^? :o h *>ge ( !m4 ,if y f9d a plantation on :i* ! ov]se] is k9d1 & does common ju/ice to ! labor]1 y w f9d ?+s go+ on well--if o!rwise1 ! rev]se4 ,^? e/ates & plantations on :i* ! proprietor himself resides1 are mo/ peaceable & prosp]\s4 #e4 ,real e/ate is m valuable ?an be=e emancipation4 ,prop]ty is m secure1 & capitali/s are m ready to inve/ _! funds4 #f4 ,! result ( #ahdj is z yet d\btful4 ,= 8 "p1 he has no fe>s4 ,he d\bts n he c cultivate 8 plantation z easily aft] t p]iod z be=e4 ,he is confid5t he c d x *eap]4 ,he ?9ks x n only likely1 b c]ta91 t _m ( ! plantations on :i* ! p h be5 ill us$1 :ile slaves & appr5tices1 w be ab&on$ by ! pres5t labor]s1 & t !y w nev] be work$ until ov]se]s are put ov] !m :o1 in/ead ( do+ all !y c to h>ass !m1 w soo! & conciliate !m4 ,! appr5tice%ip has done mu* h>m in/ead ( good 9 ! way ( prep>+ ! blacks to "w aft] #ahdj4 ,a few days aft] our return f ! m\nta9s1 we rode to ,spani%t[n1 :i* is ab\t twelve miles we/ ( ,k+/on4 ,spani%t[n is ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 conta9+ ! v>i\s build+s = ! resid5ce ( ! gov]nor1 ! meet+ ( ! legislature1 ! session ( ! c\rts1 & rooms = ! sev]al (fic]s ( ! cr[n4 ,!y are all /rong & massive /ructures1 b display little ar*itectural magnific5ce or beauty4 ,we sp5t ne>ly a day ) ,ri*>d ,hill1 ,esq41 ! secret>y ( ! special magi/rates' dep>tm5t1 ( :om we h already spok54 ,he is a color$ g5tleman1 & 9 e respect ! noble/ man1 :ite or black1 :om we met 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,he is highly intellig5t1 & ( f9e moral feel+s4 ,8 mann]s are free & unassum+1 & 8 language 9 conv]sation flu5t & well *os54 ,he is intimately acqua9t$ ) ,engli% & ,fr5* au?ors1 & has /udi$ ?or\ghly ! hi/ory & "* ( ! p ) :om ! tie ( color has connect$ him4 ,he travell$ two ye>s 9 ,hayti1 & 8 lett]s1 writt5 9 a fl[+ & luxuriant /yle1 z a son ( ! tropics %\ld write1 giv+ an acc\nt ( 8 obs]vations & inquiries 9 t int]e/+ isl&1 7 publi%$ ext5sively 9 ,engl&2 & h be5 copi$ into ! anti-slav]y j\rnals 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,8 j\rnal w be giv5 to ! public z soon z 8 (ficial duties w p]mit him to prep>e x4 ,he is at ! head ( ! special magi/rates1 7( :i* !re are sixty 9 ! isl&17 & all ! correspond5ce betwe5 !m & ! gov]nor is c>ri$ on ?r\gh him4 ,! /ation he holds is a v important "o1 & ! bus9ess connect$ ) x is ( a "* & an ext5t t1 7 he n a man ( sup]ior abilities1 he c\ld n su/a94 ,he is highly respect$ by ! gov]nm5t 9 ! isl&1 & at home1 & possesses ! e/eem ( 8 fell[-citiz5s ( all colors4 ,he associates ) p]sons ( ! highe/ rank1 d9+ & att5d+ p>ties at ! gov]nm5t-h\se ) all ! ari/ocracy ( ,jamaica4 ,we _h ! pleasure ( sp5d+ an ev5+ ) him at ! solicitor-g5]al's4 ,?\gh an ,african sun has burnt a deep t+e on him1 he is truly "o ( nature's noblem54 ,8 demeanor is su*1 s dignifi$1 yet bl& & amiable1 t no "o c help respect+ him4 ,he spoke 9 ! w>me/ t]ms ( ,"l ,sligo1,a ! pr$ecessor ( ,sir ,lionel ,smi?1 :o 0 driv5 f ! isl& by ! ma*9ations ( ! plant]s & ! enemies ( ! blacks4 ,"l ,sligo 0 rem>kable = 8 /ati/ical accuracy4 ,reports 7 made to him by ! special magi/rates e week4 ,no act ( inju/ice or oppression c\ld escape 8 indefatigable inquiries4 ,he 0 accessible1 & l5t an op5 e> to ! l[e/ p]son 9 ! isl&4 ,! plant]s left no means untri$ to remove him1 & unhappily succe$$4 ,footnote ,a3 ,:5 ,"l ,sligo visit$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! summ] ( #ahcf1 he spoke ) great respect ( ,mr4 ,hill to ,elizur ,wright1 ,esq41 ,correspond+ ,secret>y ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,mr4 ,wright has furni%$ u ) ! foll[+ /atem5t3--,j be=e 8 lord%ip left ?is city = ,engl&1 he bore te/imony to u sub/antially z foll[s3--',:5 ,i w5t to ,jamaica1 ,mr4 ,hill 0 a special magi/rate4 ,9 a c]ta9 case he refus$ to comply ) my directions1 diff]+ f me 9 8 int]pretation ( ! law4 ,i in=m$ him t 8 cont9u$ non-compliance mu/ result 9 8 removal f (fice4 ,he repli$ t 8 m9d 0 made up z to ! law1 & he w\ld n violate 8 reason to save 8 bread4 ,be+ satisfi$ ( ! correctness ( my own int]pretation1 ,i 0 oblig$1 ( c\rse1 to remove him2 b ,i 0 s =cibly /ruck ) 8 manly indep5d5ce1 t ,i appli$ to ! gov]nm5t = p[] to employ him z my secret>y1 :i* 0 grant$4 ,& hav+ _h him z an intimate ( my family = sev]al mon?s1 ,i c mo/ cordially be> my te/imony to 8 tru/wor?9ess1 ability1 & g5tlemanly deportm5t4' ,"l ,sligo also add$1 t ,mr4 ,hill 0 treat$ 9 8 family 9 all respects z if he _h n be5 color$1 & t ) no g5tleman 9 ! ,we/ ,indies 0 he1 9 social life1 on t]ms ( m intimate fri5d%ip4 ,! foll[+ items conta9 ! pr9cipal in=mation receiv$ f ,mr4 ,hill3 #a4 ,! appr5tice%ip is a mo/ vici\s sy/em1 full ( blund]s & absurdities1 & directly calculat$ to set ma/] & slave at w>4 #b4 ,! compla9ts aga9/ ! appr5tices are decreas+ e mon?1 except1 p]haps1 compla9ts aga9/ mo!rs = abs5ce f "w1 :i* he ?9ks are increas+4 ,! appr5tice%ip law makes no provision = ! free *ildr51 & on mo/ ( ! plantations & e/ates no all[ance is giv5 !m1 b !y are ?r[n entirely = support on _! p>5ts1 :o are oblig$ to "w ! mo/ & be/ "p ( _! "t = _! ma/]s unrew>d$4 ,! nurs]ies are brok5 up1 & frequ5tly ! mo!rs are oblig$ to "w 9 ! fields ) _! infants at _! backs1 or else to leave !m at "s di/ance "u ! %ade ( a h$ge or tree4 ,e ye> is mak+ _! condition worse & worse4 ,! numb] ( *ildr5 is increas+1 & yet ! mo!rs are requir$1 aft] _! y\nge/ *ild has atta9$ ! age ( a few weeks1 to be at "w ! same numb] ( h\rs z ! m54 ,v little "t is giv5 !m to take c>e ( _! h\sehold4 ,:5 !y are t>dy !y are br\ght be=e ! magi/rate4 ,a woman 0 br\ght be=e ,mr4 ,hill a few days be=e we 7 !re1 *>g$ ) n be+ 9 ! field till "o h\r aft] ! re/ ( ! gang4 ,%e _h tw9s1 & appe>$ be=e him ) a *ild hang+ on ea* arm4 ,:at an eloqu5t def5ce6 ,he dismiss$ ! compla9t4 ,he m5tion$ ano!r case1 ( a woman ^: ma/] resid$ 9 ,spani%t[n1 b :o 0 hir$ out by him to "s p]son 9 ! c\ntry4 ,h] *ild became sick1 b h] employ] refus$ any assi/ance4 ,) x 9 h] arms1 %e entreat$ aid ( h] ma/]4 ,! mon/] drove h] & h] dy+ little "o into ! /reet at night1 & %e s\ght %elt] ) ,mr4 ,hill1 :]e h] *ild expir$ be=e morn+4 ,= su* horrid cruelty z ?is1 ! appr5tice%ip law provides no rem$y4 ,! woman _h no claim = ! support ( h] *ild1 on ! man :o 0 receiv+ ! wages ( h] daily toil4 ,t *ild 0 n wor? a f>?+ to him1 because x 0 no long] 8 *attel2 & :ile ! law gives him p[] to rob ! "m1 x has no compulsion to make him support ! *ild4 #c4 ,! compla9ts are g5]ally ( ! mo/ trivial & frivol\s nature4 ,!y are mo/ly aga9/ mo!rs = neglect ( duty1 & vague *>ges ( insol5ce4 ,!re is no provision 9 ! law to prev5t ! ma/] f us+ abusive language to ! appr5tice2 any insult %ort ( a bl[1 he is free to commit2 b ! slighte/ ^w ( incivility1 a look1 smile1 or gr91 is puni%$ 9 ! appr5tice1 ev5 ?\gh x 7 provok$4 #d4 ,!re is /ill mu* flogg+ by ! ov]se]s4 ,la/ week a girl came to ,mr4 ,h4 t]ribly sc>r$ & sla%$1 & compla9$ t h] ma/] _h beat5 h]4 ,x appe>$ t ?is 0 ! sev5? (f5ce1 = nei!r ( :i* %e c\ld obta9 a he>+ f ! special magi/rate 9 h] di/rict4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,h4 0 relat+ to me ?is fact1 a girl came 9 ) a little babe 9 h] arms4 ,he call$ my att5tion to a l>ge bruise ne> h] eye4 ,he said h] ma/] knock$ h] d[n a few days s9ce1 & made t w\nd by kick+ h]4 ,frequ5tly :5 compla9ts ( insol5ce are made1 on inve/igation1 x is f\nd t ! (f5ce 0 ! result ( a qu>rel comm5c$ by ! ma/]1 dur+ :i* he ei!r cuff$ or kick$ ! (f5d]4 ,! special magi/rates also frequ5tly resort to flogg+4 ,_m ( !m1 z has be5 m5tion$ already1 h be5 connect$ ) ! army or navy1 :]e corporal puni%m5t is practis$ & flogg+ is n only 9 consonance ) _! feel+s & habits1 b is a puni%m5t m briefly inflict$ & m grateful to ! plant]s1 z x does n deprive !m ( ! appr5tice's "t4 #e4 ,mr4 ,h4 says t ! appr5tices :o h pur*as$ _! fre$om behave well4 ,he has n kn[n "o ( !m to be br\ght be=e ! police4 #f4 ,_m ( ! special magi/rates require mu* look+ aft]4 ,_! sal>ies are n suffici5t to support !m indep5d5tly4 ,"s ( !m leave _! homes on ,monday morn+1 & make ! :ole circuit ( _! di/rict be=e return+1 liv+ & lodg+ mean:ile1 free ( exp5se1 ) ! plant]s4 ,if !y are n incl9$ to li/5 to ! compla9ts ( ! appr5tices1 !y soon f9d t ! appr5tices are n incl9$ to make compla9ts to !m1 & t !y consequ5tly h mu* m leisure "t1 & get ?r\gh _! di/rict mu* easi]4 ,( ! sixty magi/rates 9 ,jamaica1 b few c be said to dis*>ge _! duties fai?fully4 ,! gov]nor is (t5 requir$ to int]f]e4 ,a few weeks s9ce he dis*>g$ two magi/rates = putt+ iron coll>s on two wom51 9 direct violation ( ! law1 & !n s5d+ him false reports4 #g4 ,! negro gr\nds are (t5 at a great di/ance1 five or six miles1 & "s ( !m fifte5 miles1 f ! plantation4 ,( c\rse mu* "t1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be sp5t 9 cultivat+ !m1 is necess>ily consum$ 9 go+ to !m & return+4 ,yet = all t1 & ?\gh 9 _m cases ! plant]s h )drawn ! wat*m5 :o us$ to protect !m1 & h left !m entirely expos$ to ?ieves & cattle1 !y are g5]ally well cultivat$--on ! :ole1 bett] ?an dur+ slav]y4 ,:5 !re is inatt5tion to !m1 x is caus$ ei!r by "s plant]s hir+ !m dur+ _! own "t1 or because _! ma/] p]mits 8 cattle to trespass on !m1 & ! p feel an insecurity4 ,:5 y f9d a k9d plant]1 9 :om ! appr5tices h confid5ce1 !re y w f9d beautiful g>d5s4 ,9 n a few in/ances1 :]e ! ov]se] is p>ticul>ly h>% & cruel1 ! negroes h ?r[n up _! old gr\nds1 & tak5 new ones on o!r plantations1 :]e ! ov]se] is bett] lik$1 or gone into ! dep?s ( ! m\nta9 =e/s1 :]e no human foot has be5 be=e !m1 & !re cle>$ up small plats4 ,?is 0 also done to "s ext5t dur+ slav]y4 ,_m ( ! p1 aga9/ :om ! plant]s are declaim+ z lazy & wor?less1 h ri* gr\nds ( :i* ^? plant]s little dream4 #h4 ,!re is no feel+ ( insecurity1 ei!r ( life or prop]ty4 ,"o may travel ?r\gh ! :ole isl& )\t ! lea/ fe> ( viol5ce4 ,if !re is any dang]1 x is f ! emigrants1 :o h be5 guilty ( sev]al outrages4 ,s f> f ! plant]s fe>+ viol5ce f ! appr5tices1 :5 an assault or !ft is committ$1 !y ref] x1 almo/ z a matt] ( c\rse1 to "s "o else4 ,a few weeks ago "o ( ! isl& mails 0 robb$4 ,z soon z x became kn[n1 x 0 at once said1 ,"s ( ^? villan\s emigrants did x1 & s inde$ x prov$4 ,p 9 ! c\ntry1 9 ! mid/ ( ! m\nta9s1 :]e ! :ites are few & isolat$1 sleep ) _! doors & w9d[s op51 )\t a ?\ght ( be+ mole/$4 ,9 ! t[ns !re are no wat*m51 & b a small police1 & yet ! /reets are quiet & prop]ty safe4 #i4 ,! appr5tices und]/& ! great provisions ( ! new sy/em1 su* z ! numb] ( h\rs !y mu/ "w = _! ma/]1 & t _! ma/]s h no "r to flog !m1 c41 b its details are inexplicable my/]ies4 ,! ma/]s h done mu* injury by deceiv+ !m on po9ts ( :i* !y 7 ignorant4 #aj4 ,! appr5tices almo/ to a man are ready to "w = wages dur+ _! own "t4 ,:5 ! ov]se] is sev]e t[>ds !m1 !y pref] work+ on o!r plantations1 ev5 = less wages1 z is v natural4 #aa4 ,almo/ all ! evils ( ! appr5tice%ip arise f ! ob/9acy & oppressive conduct ( ! ov]se]s4 ,!y are con/antly tak+ advantage ( ! defects ( ! sy/em1 :i* are _m1 & :ile !y dem& to ! la/ gra9's weight ! p\nd ( fle%1 !y are utt]ly unwill+ to yield ! requirem5ts :i* ! law makes ( !m4 ,:]e y f9d an ov]se] endeavor+ 9 e way to ov]rea* ! appr5tices1 tak+ away ! privileges :i* !y enjoy$ dur+ slav]y1 & exact+ f !m ! utmo/ m9ute & mite ( labor1 !re y w f9d abundant compla9ts bo? aga9/ ! ma/] & ! appr5tice4 ,& ! rev]se4 ,! cruel ov]se]s are compla9+ ( idl5ess1 insubord9ation1 & ru91 :ile ! k9d ma/] is mov+ on peaceably & prosp]\sly4 #ab4 ,! dome/ic appr5tices h ei!r "o day1 or fifty c5ts ca%1 ea* week1 z an all[ance = food & clo?+4 ,?is is q insuffici5t4 ,_m ( ! females seem oblig$ to resort to !ft or to pro/itution to obta9 a support4 ,two girls 7 br\ght be=e ,mr4 ,hill :ile we 7 ) him1 *>g$ ) neglect ( duty & night-walk+4 ,"o ( !m said h] all[ance 0 too small1 & %e mu/ get food 9 "s o!r way or />ve4 #ac4 ,! appr5tices on _m plantations h be5 depriv$ ( sev]al privileges :i* !y enjoy$ "u ! old sy/em4 ,nurs]ies h be5 aboli%$1 wat]-c>ri]s h be5 tak5 away1 keep+ /ock is re/rict$1 if n entirely =bidd51 wat*m5 are no long] provid$ to gu>d ! negro gr\nds1 c4--petty aggressions 9 our eyes1 p]haps1 b sev]e to !m4 ,ano!r in/ance is /ill m h>d4 ,by ! cu/om ( slav]y1 wom5 :o _h re>$ up sev5 *ildr5 7 p]mitt$ to sit d[n1 z x 0 t]m$2 t is1 7 n oblig$ to g into ! field to "w4 ,n[ no su* di/9ction is made1 b all are driv5 into ! field4 #ad4 ,"o reason :y ! crops 7 small] 9 #ahce & #ahcf ?an 9 =m] ye>s1 01 t ! plant]s 9 ! prec$+ seasons1 ei!r fe>ful t ! negroes w\ld n take (f ! crops aft] emancipation1 & act+ on _! baseless pr$ictions in/ead ( facts1 or det]m9$ to make ! results ( emancipation appe> z disa/r\s z possible1 neglect$ to put 9 ! usual am\nt ( cane1 & to clean ! c(fee fields4 ,z !y refus$ to s[1 ( c\rse !y c\ld n reap4 #ae4 ,! compla9ts aga9/ ! appr5tices g5]ally are becom+ few] e week1 b ! compla9ts aga9/ ! ma/]s are increas+ bo? 9 numb] & sev]ity4 ,"o reason ( ?is is1 t ! appr5tices1 on ! "o h&1 are becom+ bett] acqua9t$ ) ! new sy/em1 & !re=e bett] able to avoid a violation ( its provisions1 & are also le>n+ t !y _c violate ^! provisions ) impunity2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 !y are ga9+ c\rage to compla9 aga9/ _! ma/]s1 to :om !y h hi!rto be5 subject$ by a fe> creat$ by ! :ips & dungeons1 & nameless tortures ( slav]y4 ,ano!r reason is1 t ! ma/]s1 z ! t]m ( ! appr5tice%ip %ort5s1 & ! end ( _! au?ority approa*es ne>]1 are press+ _! poor victims h>d] & h>d]1 det]m9$ to extort f !m all !y c1 be=e complete emancipation rescues !m = ev] f _! grasp4 ,:ile we 7 9 conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,hill1 ,mr4 ,ramsay1 "o ( ! special magi/rates = ?is p>i%1 call$ 94 ,he is a native ( ,jamaica1 & has be5 educat$ "u all ! influ5ces ( ,we/ ,india society1 b has held fa/ 8 integrity1 & is consid]$ ! firm fri5d ( ! appr5tices4 ,he confirm$ e fact & op9ion :i* ,mr4 ,hill _h giv54 ,he 0 ev5 /rong] ?an ,mr4 ,h4 9 8 expressions ( disapprobation ( ! appr5tice%ip4 ,! day :i* we sp5t ) ,mr4 ,hill 0 "o ( ^? on :i* he holds a special ju/ice's c\rt4 ,!re 7 only ?ree cases ( compla9t br\ght be=e him4 ,! fir/ 0 br\ght by a woman1 att5d$ by h] husb&1 aga9/ h] s]vant girl1 = imp]t95ce & insubord9ation4 ,%e took ! oa? & comm5c$ h] te/imony ) an abundance ( vague *>ges4 ,%e is ! mo/ insol5t girl ,i ev] saw4 ,%e'll d no?+ t %e is told to d--%e nev] ?9ks ( m9d+ :at is said to h]--%e is sulky & saucy1 etc4 ,mr4 ,h4 told h] %e mu/ be specific--he c\ld n convict ! girl on su* g5]al *>ges--"s p>ticul> acts mu/ be prov$4 ,%e became specific4 ,h] *>ges 7 z foll[s3 #a4 ,on ! previ\s ,?ursday ! def5dant 0 plait+ a %irt4 ,! compla9ant w5t up to h] & ask$ h] :y %e did n plait x z %e ought1 & n hold x 9 h] h& z %e did4 ,def5dant repli$1 t x 0 easi]1 & %e pref]r$ t way to ! o!r4 ,! compla9ant remon/rat$1 b1 despite all %e c\ld say1 ! ob/9ate girl p]si/$1 & did x z %e *ose4 ,! compla9ant grant$ t ! "w 0 done well1 only x 0 n done 9 ! way %e desir$4 #b4 ,! same day %e ord]$ ! def5dant to wipe up "s tracks 9 ! hall4 ,%e did s4 ,:ile %e 0 do+ x1 ! mi/ress told h] ! room 0 v du/y1 & reprov$ h] = x4 ,! girl repli$1 ,is x morn+8 7,x is cu/om>y to clean ! rooms e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & ! girl made ?is reply late 9 ! aft]noon1 :5 suffici5t "t _h elaps$ = ! room to become du/y aga947 #c4 ,! girl did n wa% a clo? clean :i* ! compla9ant gave h]1 & ! compla9ant 0 oblig$ to wa% x h]self4 #d4 ,sev]al times :5 ! compla9ant & h] daught] h be5 conv]s+ toge!r1 ?is girl _h bur/ into laught]--:e!r at !m or _! conv]sation1 compla9ant did n "k4 #e4 ,:5 ! compla9ant has reprov$ ! def5dant = n do+ h] "w well1 %e has repli$1 ,c't y let me alone to my "w1 & n worry my life out4 ,a black man1 a con/able on ! same prop]ty1 0 br\ght up to confirm ! *>ges4 ,he knew no?+ ab\t ! case1 only t he (t5 he>d ! p>ties qu>rell+1 & sometimes _h told ! girl n to say any ?+1 z %e knew :at h] mi/ress 04 ,x appe>$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! evid5ce1 t ! compla9ant & h] husb& _h bo? be5 9 ! habit ( speak+ disrespectfully ( ! special magi/rate1 /ation$ 9 _! di/rict1 & t _m ( ! cont5tions arose out ( t1 z ! girl sometimes def5d$ him4 ,:ile ! accus$ 0 mak+ h] def5ce1 :i* %e did 9 a mode/ way1 h] mi/ress 0 highly enrag$1 & int]rupt$ h] sev]al times1 by call+ h] a li> & a jade4 ,! magi/rate 0 two or ?ree times oblig$ to reprove h]1 & comm& h] to be sil5t1 &1 s passionate did %e become1 t h] husb&1 a%am$ ( h]1 put 8 h& on h] %\ld]1 & entreat$ h] to be calm4 ,mr4 ,hill dismiss$ ! compla9t by giv+ "s good advice to bo? p>ties1 mu* to ! annoyance ( ! mi/ress4 ,! second compla9t 0 br\ght by a man aga9/ a s]vant girl1 = disob$i5ce ( ord]s1 & insol5ce4 ,x appe>s t %e 0 ord]$1 at t5 o'clock at night1 to d "s "w4 ,%e 0 j leav+ ! h\se to call on "s fri5ds1 z %e said1 & refus$4 ,on be+ told by h] mi/ress t %e only want$ to g out = bad purposes1 %e repli$1 t ,x 0 no matt]--! all[ance !y gave h] 0 n suffici5t to support h]1 & if !y w\ld n give h] m1 %e mu/ get a liv+ any way %e c\ld1 s %e did n /eal4 ,%e 0 s5t5c$ to ! h\se ( correction = "o week4 ,! ?ird case 0 a compla9t aga9/ a boy = tak+ e alt]nate ,friday & ,saturday1 in/ead ( e ,saturday1 = all[ance4 ,he 0 ord]$ to take e ,saturday1 or to receive 9 lieu ( x half a doll>4 ,mr4 ,hill said ^! 7 a fair specim5 ( ! "* ( ! compla9ts t came be=e him4 ,we 7 mu* pleas$ ) ! mann] 9 :i* he presid$ 9 8 c\rt1 ! ease1 dignity1 & imp>tiality :i* he exhibit$1 & ! respect :i* 0 %[n him by all p>ties4 ,9 company ) ,mr4 ,hill1 we call$ on ,rev4 ,mr4 ,phillips1 ! ,bapti/ mission>y1 /ation$ at ,spani%t[n4 ,mr4 ,p4 has be5 9 ! isl& ?irte5 ye>s4 ,he reg>ds ! appr5tice%ip z a great amelioration ( ! old sy/em ( slav]y1 b z com+ f> %ort ( ! full privileges & rights ( fre$om1 & ( :at x 0 expect$ to be4 ,x is b5eficial to ! mission>ies1 z x gives !m access to ! plantations1 :ile be=e1 9 _m in/ances1 !y 7 entirely exclud$ f !m1 & 9 all cases 7 mu* %ackl$ 9 _! op]ations4 ,mr4 ,p4 has enl>g$ 8 *apel )9 ! la/ fifte5 mon?s1 s t x admits sev]al hundr$s m ?an =m]ly4 ,b x is n[ too small4 ,! appr5tices are mu* m anxi\s to receive religi\s in/ruction1 & mu* m op5 to conviction1 ?an :5 slaves4 ,he f9ds a great diff]5ce n[ on diff]5t plantations4 ,:]e sev]ity is us$1 z x /ill is on _m e/ates1 & ! new sy/em is m\ld$ z ne>ly z possible on ! old1 ! m9ds ( ! appr5tices are app>5tly clos$ aga9/ all impressions1--b :]e !y are treat$ ) k9dness1 !y are w>m 9 _! affections1 & solicit\s to be taught4 ,9 connection ) 8 *ur*1 ,mr4 ,p4 has *>ge ( a l>ge s*ool4 ,! numb] pres5t1 :5 we visit$ x1 0 ab\t two hundr$4 ,!re 01 to say ! lea/1 z mu* manife/ation ( intellect & sprightl9ess z we ev] saw 9 :ite pupils ( ! same age4 ,mo/ ( ! *ildr5 7 slaves previ\s to #ahcd1 & _! p>5ts are /ill appr5tices4 ,sev]al 7 po9t$ out to u :o 7 n yet free1 & att5d only by p]mission1 sometimes pur*as$1 ( _! ma/]4 ,! great] "p live f ?ree to five miles di/ant4 ,mr4 ,p4 says he f9ds no lack ( int]e/ among ! appr5tices ab\t education4 ,he c f9d s*ol>s = z _m s*ools z he c e/abli%1 if he keeps himself unconnect$ ) ! plant]s4 ,! appr5tices are oppos$ to all s*ools e/abli%$ by1 or 9 any way alli$ to1 _! ma/]s4 ,mr4 ,p4 says ! plant]s are do+ no?+ to prep>e ! appr5tices = fre$om 9 #ahdj4 ,!y d n reg>d ! appr5tice%ip z int]m$iate "t = prep>ation1 b z "p ( ! comp5sation4 ,e day is c\nt$1 n z wor? s mu* = education & moral in/ruction1 b z wor? s mu* = digg+ cane-holes1 & cle>+ c(fee fields4 ,mr4 ,p4's *ur* escap$ de/ruction dur+ ! p]secution ( ! ,bapti/s4 ,! wives & connections ( _m ( ! color$ soldi]s _h tak5 refuge 9 x1 & _h giv5 out ^w t !y w\ld def5d x ev5 aga9/ _! own husb&s & bro!rs1 :o 9 turn in=m$ _! (fic]s t if ord]$ to de/roy x1 !y %\ld refuse at all p]il4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,results ,,( ,,abolition4 ,! actual work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip 9 ,jamaica1 0 ! specific object ( our inve/igations 9 t isl&4 ,t x _h n op]at$ s happily z 9 ,b>badoes1 & 9 mo/ ( ! o!r colonies1 0 admitt$ by all p>ties4 ,z to ! degree ( its failure1 we 7 satisfi$ x 0 n s great z _h be5 repres5t$4 ,!re has be5 no?+ ( an insurrection>y "* s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,! affair on ,?ornton's e/ate1 ( :i* an acc\nt is giv5 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 is ! mo/ s]i\s di/urbance :i* has occurr$ dur+ ! appr5tice%ip4 ,! fe> ( insurrection is z effectually dead 9 ,jamaica1 z 9 ,b>badoes--s long z ! appr5tice%ip la/s4 ,!re has be5 no increase ( crime4 ,! "* ( ! negro population has be5 gradually improv+ 9 morals & intellig5ce4 ,m>riage has increas$1 ! ,sabba? is m g5]ally obs]v$1 & religi\s wor%ip is bett] att5d$4 ,aga91 ! appr5tices ( ,jamaica h n manife/$ any peculi> defiance ( law4 ,! mo/ illib]al magi/rates te/ifi$ t ! p respect$ ! law1 :5 !y und]/ood x4 ,z x respects ! indu/ry ( ! appr5tices1 !re are diff]5t op9ions among ! plant]s !mselves4 ,"s admitt$ t !y 7 z indu/ri\s z be=e1 & did z mu* "w 9 proportion to ! "t !y 7 employ$4 ,o!rs compla9$ t !y lack$ ! p[] to compel indu/ry1 & t h5ce !re 0 a fall+ (f ( "w4 ,! prom95t evils compla9$ ( 9 ,jamaica are1 abscond+ f "w1 & insol5ce to ma/]s4 ,f ! /atem5ts 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 x may be inf]r$ t _m ?+s are call$ by ^! names1 & sev]ely puni%$1 :i* are really innoc5t or unavoidable2 h[ev]1 x w\ld n be wond]ful if !re 7 num]\s in/ances ( bo?4 ,insol5ce is ! legitimate fruit ( ! appr5tice%ip1 :i* holds out to ! appr5tice1 t he possesses ! rights ( a man1 & /ill au?orizes ! ma/] to treat him z ?\gh he 7 little bett] ?an a dog4 ,! result mu/ (t5 be t ! appr5tice w repay insult ) insol5ce4 ,?is w cont9ue to exi/ until ei!r ! =m] sy/em ( absolute =ce is re/or$1 or a sy/em ( free comp5sat$ labor1 ) its p[]ful *ecks & balances on bo? p>ties1 is sub/itut$4 ,! preval5ce & causes ( ! o!r (f5ce--abscond+ f labor--w be notic$ h]eaft]4 ,! atrocities :i* are practis$ by ! ma/]s & magi/rates1 are appall+ en\gh4 ,x is probable t ! actual condition ( ! negroes 9 ,jamaica1 is b little if any bett] ?an x 0 dur+ slav]y4 ,! am\nt ( puni%m5t inflict$ by ! special magi/rates1 _c fall mu* %ort ( t usually p]petrat$ by ! driv]s4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! appr5tices are robb$ ( ! "t all[$ !m by law1 at ! w ( ! magi/rate1 :o (t5 deprives !m ( x on ! slighte/ compla9t ( ! ov]se]4 ,! situation ( ! free *ildr5,a is (t5 v deplorable4 ,! ma/] feels none ( t int]e/ 9 !m :i* he =m]ly felt 9 ! *ildr5 t 7 8 prop]ty1 & consequ5tly1 makes no provision = !m4 ,!y are ?r[n entirely ^u _! p>5ts1 :o are unable to take prop] c>e ( !m1 f ! almo/ con/ant dem&s :i* ! ma/] makes ^u _! "t4 ,! condition ( pregnant wom51 & nurs+ mo!rs1 is decid$ly worse ?an x 0 dur+ slav]y4 ,! privileges :i* ! plant] felt x = 8 int]e/ to grant ^! =m]ly1 = ! sake ( _! *ildr51 are n[ )held4 ,! =m] are expos$ to ! inclem5cies ( ! wea!r1 & ! h>d%ips ( toil--! latt] are cruelly dragg$ away f _! infants1 t ! ma/] may n lose ! smalle/ portion ( "t1--& bo? are liable at any mom5t to be inc>c]at$ 9 ! dungeon1 or /rung up on ! tread:eel4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! cruelties :i* are practis$1 ! appr5tices are 9 a disaffect$ /ate ?r\gh\t ! isl&4 ,footnote ,a3 ,all *ildr5 "u six ye>s ( age at ! "t ( abolition1 7 made entirely free4 ,9 assign+ ! causes ( ! ill-work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip 9 ,jamaica1 we w\ld say 9 ! comm5cem5t1 t ne>ly all ( !m are embodi$ 9 ! intr9sic defects ( ! sy/em itself4 ,^! defects h be5 expos$ 9 a =m] *apt]1 & we ne$ n repeat !m "h4 ,! reason :y ! sy/em has n produc$ z mu* mis*ief 9 all ! colonies z x has 9 ,jamaica1 is t ! local circum/ances 9 ! o!r isl&s 7 n s adapt$ to develop its legitimate results4 ,x is n )\t ! mo/ c>eful inve/igation ( facts1 t we h all[$ ourselves to ent]ta9 ! views :i* we are n[ ab\t to express1 respect+ ! conduct ( ! plant]s & special ju/ices--= x is to !m t we mu/ ascribe ! evils :i* exi/ 9 ,jamaica4 ,we *e]fully acc$e to !m all ( palliation :i* may be f\nd 9 ! provocations incid5t to ! wret*$ sy/em ( appr5tice%ip4 ,! causes ( ! difficulties re/ *iefly ) ! plant]s4 ,!y 7 orig9ally implicat$1 & by _! wily s*emes !y soon involv$ ! special magi/rates4 ,! ,jamaica plant]s1 z a body1 always viol5tly oppos$ ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,unlike ! plant]s 9 mo/ ( ! colonies1 !y *]i%$ _! ho/ility aft] ! act ( abolition4 ,x w\ld seem t !y _h agre$ ) "o accord1 nev] to become reconcil$ to ! measures ( ! ,engli% gov]nm5t1 & _h sworn et]nal ho/ility to e s*eme ( emancipation4 ,:e!r ?is result$ mo/ f love = slav]y or hatr$ ( ,engli% int]f]5ce1 x is difficult to det]m9e4 ,if we 7 to believe ! plant]s !mselves1 :o are ( ! opposition1 we %\ld conclude t !y 7 f> f be+ 9 favor ( slav]y--t !y 7 z mu* oppos$ to slav]y1 z any "o c be,a4 ,not)/&+ ?is av[al1 ! t5acity ) :i* ! plant]s cl+ to ! remnant ( _! p[]1 %[s an affection = x1 ( ! /r5g? ( :i* !y are n probably !mselves aw>e4 ,footnote ,a3 ,x seems to be ! ord] ( ! day1 ) ! opposition p>ty 9 ,jamaica1 to disclaim all fri5d%ip ) slav]y4 ,we notic$ sev]al in/ances ( ?is 9 ! isl& pap]s1 :i* h be5 mo/ ho/ile to abolition4 ,we quote ! foll[+ sample f ! ,royal ,gazette1 7,k+/on7 = ,may #f1 #ahcg4 ,! editor1 9 an article respect+ ,cuba1 says3 ,9 writ+ ?is1 "o *ief object is to ar\se ! att5tion ( our own fell[-subjects1 9 ?is colony1 to ! situation--! dang]\s situation--9 :i* !y /&1 & to implore !m to l5d all _! en]gies to av]t ! ru9 t is likely to visit !m1 %\ld ,am]ica get ! dom9ation ( ,cuba4 ,! negroes ( ?is & ( all ! ,briti% ,w4,i4 colonies h be5 'emancipat$4' ,cuba on ! o!r h& is /ill a slave c\ntry4 7,let n our read]s imag9e = "o mom5t t we advocate ! cont9uance ( slav]y17 c4 ,:5 public m5 h endeavor$ to be fai?ful & upright1 !y h uni=mly be5 abus$1 & ev5 p]secut$1 by ! plant]s4 ,! foll[+ facts w %[ t ! latt] h n scrupl$ to resort to ! mo/ di%one/ & unmanly intrigues to effect ! removal or to circumv5t ! influ5ce ( su* m54 ,neglect1 ridicule1 vulg> abuse1 sl&]1 ?reats1 intimidation1 misrepres5tation1 & legal prosecutions1 h be5 ! milde/ weapons employ$ aga9/ ^? :o 9 ! dis*>ge ( _! sworn duties d>$ to befri5d ! oppress$4 ,! %ameful treatm5t ( ! late gov]nor1 ,"l ,sligo1 illu/rates ?is4 ,8 ,lord%ip 0 appo9t$ to ! gov]nm5t ab\t ! p]iod ( abolition4 ,be+ himself a proprietor ( e/ates 9 ! isl&1 & =m]ly *airman ( ! ,we/ ,india ,body1 he 0 receiv$ at fir/ ) ! greate/ cordiality2 b x 0 soon p]ceiv$ t he 0 dispos$ to secure ju/ice to ! appr5tices4 ,f ! acc\nts we receiv$1 we h be5 l$ to ent]ta9 an exalt$ op9ion ( 8 integrity & fri5d%ip = ! poor4 ,x 0 8 cu/om 7unprec$5t$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies17 to give a pati5t he>+ to ! poore/ negro :o might c>ry 8 grievances to ! gov]nm5t-h\se4 ,aft] he>+ ! compla9t1 he w\ld despat* an ord] to ! special magi/rate ( ! di/rict 9 :i* ! compla9ant liv$1 direct+ him to inquire into ! case4 ,by ?is means he kept ! magi/rates employ$1 & secur$ r$ress to ! appr5tices to _m cases :]e !y w\ld o!rwise h bean neglect$4 ,! gov]nor soon r5d]$ himself exce$+ly obnoxi\s to ! plant]s1 & !y began to manoeuvre = 8 removal1 :i*1 9 a %ort "t1 0 effect$ by a mo/ flagiti\s proc$ure4 ,! home gov]nm5t1 dispos$ to humor _! unruly colony1 s5t !m a gov]nor 9 :om !y are n likely to f9d any fault4 ,! pres5t gov]nor1 ,sir ,lionel ,smi?1 is ! antipode ( 8 pr$ecessor 9 e wor?y respect4 ,:5 ! appr5tices come to him ) _! compla9ts1 he s5ds !m back unhe>d1 ) curses on _! heads4 ,a di/+ui%$ g5tleman 9 ! colony rem>k$ ( him t he 0 a he>tless milit>y *iefta91 :o rul$ )\t reg>d to m]cy4 ,( c\rse ! plant]s are full ( 8 praise4 ,8 late t\r ( ! isl& 0 a triumphal procession1 amid ! sycophantic greet+s ( oppressors4 ,sev]al special magi/rates h be5 susp5d$ because ( ! fai?ful dis*>ge ( _! duties4 ,among ^! 0 ,dr4 ,palm]1 an indep5d5t & c\rage\s man4 ,repeat$ compla9ts 7 urg$ aga9/ him by ! plant]s1 until f9ally ,sir ,lionel ,smi? appo9t$ a commission to inquire into ! gr\nds ( ! difficulty4 ,?is commission consi/$ ( two local magi/rates1 bo? ( !m plant]s or manag]s ( e/ates1 & two /ip5di>y magi/rates1 ! bias ( "o ( :om1 at lea/1 0 believ$ to be aga9/ ,dr4 ,palm]4 ,at ! conclusion ( _! inquiry !y summ$ up _! report by say+ t ,dr4 ,palm] _h adm9i/]$ ! abolition law 9 ! _s ( ! ,engli% abolition act1 & 9 8 adm9i/ration ( ! law he _h adapt$ x m to ! compreh5sion ( freem5 ?an to ! und]/&+s ( appr5tic$ labor]s4 ,n only did ,sir ,lionel ,smi? susp5d ,dr4 ,palm] on ?is report1 b ! colonial (fice at home h dismiss$ him f 8 situation4 ,! foll[+ facts respect+ ! p]secution ( ,special ,ju/ice ,b\rne1 illu/rate ! same ?+4 ,a book-keep] ( ! "n ( ,maclean1 on ! e/ate ( ! ,rev4 ,m4 ,hamilton1 an ,iri% cl]gyman1 committ$ a brutal assault ^u an old ,african4 ,! attorney on ! prop]ty refus$ to he> ! compla9t ( ! negro1 :o w5t to ,/eph5 ,b\rne1 a special magi/rate4 ,:5 ,maclean 0 br\ght be=e him1 he did n d5y ! fact2 b said z ! old man 0 n a ,*ri/ian1 8 oa? c\ld n be tak56 ,! magi/rate n be+ able to asc]ta9 ! am\nt ( injury inflict$ ^u ! negro 7^: head 0 dreadfully cut17 b feel+ t x 0 a case :i* requir$ a great] p5alty ?an ?ree p\nds /]l+1 ! am\nt ( puni%m5t to :i* he 0 limit$ by ! local acts1 deta9$ ,maclean1 & aft]w>ds committ$ him to jail1 & wrote ! next day to ! *ief ju/ice ^u ! subject4 ,he 0 dis*>g$ z soon z a doctor's c]tificate 0 procur$ ( ! /ate ( ! w\nd$ man1 & bail 0 giv5 = 8 appe>ance at ! assizes4 ,maclean's trial came on at ! assizes1 & he 0 f\nd guilty by a ,jamaica ,jury2 he 0 sev]ely reprim&$ = 8 inhuman conduct & f9$ ?irty p\nds4 ,! poor appr5tice h[ev] got no remun]ation = ! sev]e injury inflict$ ^u him1 & ! special ju/ice 0 prosecut$ = false imprisonm5t1 dragg$ f c\rt to c\rt1 repres5t$ z an oppressor & a tyrant1 subject$ to f\r hundr$ p\nds exp5ses 9 def5d+ himself1 & actually _h judgm5t giv5 aga9/ him = "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds damages4 ,?us h ! plant]s succe$$ 9 pull+ d[n e magi/rate :o v5tures to d m ?an f9e !m ?ree p\nds /]l+ = any act ( cruelty ( :i* !y may be guilty4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re 7 two magi/rates :o 7 lately dismiss$1 ?r\gh1 ,i believe1 ! repres5tation ( ,"l ,sligo1 = flagrant violations ( ! law 9 inflict+ puni%m5t2 & 9 ord] to ev9ce _! sympa?y = ^? m51 ! plant]s gave !m a f>ewell d9n]1 & _h actually set on foot a subscription1 z a tribute ( gratitude = _! ,imp>tial conduct 9 adm9i/]+ ! laws1 z special ju/ices4 ,?us 7 two m51 notori\sly guilty ( violations ( law & humanity1 publicly enc\rag$ & protect$1 :ile ,/eph5 ,b\rne1 :o accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! pres5t & late attorney-g5]al _h act$ n only ju/ly b legally1 0 suff]+ e species ( p]secution & indignity = s do+4 ,probably no?+ c\ld demon/rate ! meanness ( ! artifices to :i* ! plant]s resort to get rid ( tr\blesome magi/rates bett] ?an ! foll[+ fact4 ,:5 ! pres5t gov]nor1 9 mak+ 8 t\r ( ! isl&1 came into ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 "s ( ! plant]s ( ,man*ioneal di/rict hir$ a negro con/able on "o ( ! e/ates to g to ! gov]nor & compla9 to him t ,mr4 ,*amb]la9 enc\rag$ ! appr5tices to be disord]ly & idle4 ,! negro w5t accord+ly1 b l ano!r ,balaam1 he prophesi$ aga9/ 8 employ]s4 ,he /at$ to ! gov]nor t ! appr5tices on ! e/ate :]e he liv$ 7 lazy & w\ldn't d "r1 b he decl>$ t x 0 n ,mr4 ,c4's fault1 = t he 0 n all[$ to come on ! e/ate6 ,hav+ giv5 su* an unfavorable description ( ! mass ( plant]s1 x is b j to add t !re are a few honorable exceptions4 ,!re are "s attorneys & ov]se]s1 :o if !y d>$ to face ! alli$ p[]s ( oppression1 w\ld act a noble "p4 ,b !y are trammell$ by an ov]p[]+ public s5tim5t1 & are induc$ to fall 9 v mu* ) ! prevail+ practices4 ,"o ( ?is class1 an attorney ( consid]able influ5ce1 decl9$ giv+ u 8 views 9 writ+1 /at+ t 8 situation & ! /ate ( public s5tim5t mu/ be 8 apology4 ,an ov]se] :o 0 dispos$ to manife/ ! mo/ lib]al be>+ t[>ds 8 appr5tices1 & :o _h directions f ! abs5tee proprietor to t effect1 0 yet effectually prev5t$ by 8 attorney1 :o hav+ sev]al o!r e/ates "u 8 *>ge1 0 fe>ful ( los+ !m1 if he did n ma9ta9 ! same sev]e discipl9e on all4 ,! special magi/rates are also deeply implicat$ 9 caus+ ! difficulties exi/+ "u ! appr5tice%ip4 ,!y are incessantly expos$ to multipli$ & p[]ful temptations4 ,! p]secution :i* !y are sure to incur by a fai?ful dis*>ge ( _! duties1 has already be5 notic$4 ,x w\ld require m5 ( unusual /]nness ( pr9ciple to face s fi]ce an array4 ,in/ead ( be+ indep5d5t ( ! plant]s1 _! situation is 9 e respect totally ! rev]se4 ,in/ead ( hav+ a c5tral (fice or /ation-h\se to hold _! c\rts at1 z is ! case 9 ,b>badoes1 !y are requir$ to visit ea* e/ate 9 _! di/ricts4 ,!y h a circuit f =ty to sixty miles to compass e =tnight1 or 9 "s cases ?ree times e mon?4 ,on ^! t\rs !y are absolutely dep5d5t ^u ! hospitality ( ! plant]s4 ,none b m5 ( ! /]n] /uff c\ld escape1 7to use ! negro's phrase7 be+ poison$ by massa's turtle s\p4 ,! "* ( ! m5 :o are act+ z magi/rates is ?us describ$ by a colonial magi/rate ( high /&+ & exp]i5ce4 ,! special magi/racy dep>tm5t is fill$ ) ! mo/ wor?less m51 bo? dome/ic & import$4 ,x 0 a necess>y qualification ( ! =m] to possess no prop]ty2 h5ce ! mo/ wor?less vagabonds on ! isl& 7 appo9t$4 ,! latt] 7 worn out (fic]s & dissipat$ rakes1 :om ! ,engli% gov]nm5t s5t (f "h 9 ord] to get rid ( !m4 ,z a specim5 ( ! latt] k9d1 ?is g5tleman m5tion$ "o 7special ,ju/ice ,light7 :o di$ lately f excessive dissipation4 ,he 0 con/antly drunk1 & ! only way 9 :i* to get him to d any bus9ess 0 to take him on to an e/ate 9 ! ev5+ s t he might sleep (f 8 intoxication1 & !n ! bus9ess 0 br\ght be=e him e>ly ! next morn+1 be=e he _h "t to get to 8 cups4 ,x is well kn[n t _m ( ! special magi/rates are totally unpr9cipl$ m51 mon/]s ( cruelty1 lu/1 & despotism4 ,z a result ( natural "* 9 _m cases1 & ( dep5d5ce ^u plant]s 9 _m m1 ! great mass ( ! special ju/ices are a disgrace to _! (fice1 & to ! gov]nm5t :i* commission$ !m4 ,out ( sixty1 ! numb] ( special ju/ices 9 ,jamaica1 !re are n m ?an fifte51 or tw5ty at f>!/1 :o are n ! m]e/ tools ( ! attorneys & ov]se]s4 ,_! s]vility 0 graphically hit (f by ! appr5tice4 ,if bu%a say flog em1 he flog em2 if bu%a say s5d !m to ! treadmill1 he s5d em4 ,if an appr5tice laughs or s+s1 & ! bu%a repres5ts x to ! magi/rate z insol5ce1 he feels x 8 duty to make an example ( ! (f5d]6 ,! foll[+ fact w illu/rate ! inju/ice ( ! magi/rates4 ,x 0 /at$ 9 writ+ by a mission>y4 ,we conceal all names1 9 compliance ) ! reque/ ( ! writ]4 ,an appr5tice belong+ to ---- 9 ! ---- 0 s5t to ! treadmill by special ju/ice ,g4 ,he 0 ord]$ to g out & c\nt ! %eep1 z he 0 able to c\nt high] ?an "s ( ! field p1 al?\gh a h\se s]vant f 8 y\?--,i may say *ildhood4 ,in/ead ( br++ 9 ! tally cut ^u a piece ( bo>d1 z usual1 he wrote ! numb] eighty ^u a piece ( pap]4 ,:5 ! ov]se] saw x1 he w\ld sc>cely believe t any ( 8 p c\ld write1 & ord]$ a piece ( coal to be br\ght & made him write x ov] aga92 ! next day he turn$ him into ! field1 b unable to p]=m ! task 7to hoe & we$ "o hundr$ c(fee roots daily7 ) ^? :o _h be5 accu/om$ to field "w all _! lives1 he 0 tri$ = neglect ( duty1 & s5t5c$ to f\rte5 days on ! treadmill6 ,we quote ! foll[+ he>t-r5d+ acc\nt f ! ,telegraph1 7,spani%t[n17 ,april #bh1 #ahcg4 ,x is f a ,bapti/ mission>y4 ,i see some?+ is do+ 9 ,engl& to %ort5 ! appr5tice%ip sy/em4 ,i pray ,god x may soon foll[ its pr$ecessor--slav]y1 = x is inde$ slav]y "u a less disgu/+ "n4 ,bus9ess lately 7,decemb] #bc7 call$ me to ,rodney ,hall2 & :ile ,i 0 !re1 a poor old negro 0 br\ght 9 = puni%m5t4 ,i he>d ! fe>ful vocif]ation1 'tw5ty /ripes4' ',v well2 "h ----1 put ?is man d[n4' ,i felt z ,i _c describe2 yet ,i ?\ght1 z ! sup]visor 0 dispos$ to be civil1 my pres5ce might t5d to make ! puni%m5t less sev]e ?an x usually is--b ,i 0 disappo9t$4 ,i inquir$ into ! crime = :i* su* an old man c\ld be s sev]ely puni%$1 & he>d v>i\s acc\nts4 ,i wrote to ! magi/rate :o s5t5c$ him to receive x2 & aft] _m days ,i got ! foll[+ reply4 ,logan ,ca/le1 ,jan4 #i1 #ahcf4 ,sir--,9 answ] to y\r note ( ! #d? in/ant1 ,i beg leave to /ate1 t ---- ----1 an appr5tice belong+ to ---- ----1 0 br\ght be=e me by ,mr4 ----1 8 late ov]se]1 *>g$ ^u oa? ) cont9ual neglect ( duty & disob$i5ce ( ord]s z cattle-man1 & also = /eal+ milk--0 convict$1 & s5t5c$ to receive tw5ty /ripes4 ,s f> f ! puni%m5t ( ! (f5d] be+ sev]e1 he 0 n ord]$ "o half ! numb] ( /ripes provid$ = su* cases by ! abolition act--if he receiv$ m ?an t numb]1 or if ^? 7 inflict$ ) undue sev]ity1 ,i %all feel happy 9 mak+ e inquiry among/ ! au?orities at ,rodney ,hall in/itution4 ,i rema91 sir1 y\rs1 truly1 ,t4,w4 ,,jones1 ,s4,m4 ',rev4 ,j4 ,cl>ke1 c41 c4' ,f ,mr4 ,cl>ke's reply1 we make ! foll[+ extract3 ,j]i*o1 ,janu>y #ai1 #ahcf4 ,sir--,i beg to ackn[l$ge ! receipt ( y\r lett] ( ! #i? in/ant4 ,respect+ ! puni%m5t ( ---- ----1 ,i /ill adh]e to ! op9ion ,i be=e express$1 t1 = an old man ( ab\t sixty ye>s ( age1 ! puni%m5t 0 sev]e4 ,to see a v5]able old man ti$ z if to be brok5 on ! :eel1 & cut to ! bone by ! la% ( an a?letic driv]--wri?+ & yell+ "u ! mo/ exquisite torture1 7 c]ta9ly circum/ances suffici5tly /rong to t\* ! he>t ( any "o possess$ ( ! smalle/ degree ( common humanity4 ,! usual prep>ations be+ made1 ! old man quietly /ripp$ (f 8 upp] g>m5ts1 & lay d[n ^u ! bo>d--he 0 !n ti$ by 8 legs1 middle1 above ! elb[s1 & at ea* wri/4 ,mr4 ---- !n call$ out to ! driv]1 ',i hope y w d y\r duty--he is n s5t "h = no?+4' ,at ! fir/ la% ! sk9 />t$ up2 & at ! ?ird1 ! blood began to fl[2 ere ! driv] _h giv5 t51 ! cat 0 cov]$ ) gore2 & he /opp$ to *ange x = a dry "o1 :i* appe>$ to me some:at long] ?an ! fir/4 ,:5 ! poor tortur$ creature _h receiv$ sixte51 8 viol5t /ruggles enabl$ him to get "o ( 8 h&s loose1 :i* he put in/antly to 8 back--! driv] /opp$ to retie him1 & !n proce$$ to give ! rema9+ f\r4 ,! /ruggles ( ! poor old man f ! fir/ la% bespoke ! mo/ extreme torture2 & 8 cries 7 to me mo/ di/ress+4 ',oh6 oh6 m]cy6 m]cy6 m]cy6 oh6 massa6 massa6 dat en\gh--en\gh6 oh1 en\gh6 ,o1 massa1 h pity6 ,o1 massa6 massa6 dat en\gh--en\gh6 ,oh1 nev] d de l aga9--only pity me--=give me dis once6 oh6 pity6 m]cy6 m]cy6 oh6 oh6' 7 ! cries he p]petually utt]$4 ,i %all rememb] !m :ile ,i live2 & w\ld n = t5 ?\s& worlds h be5 ! cause ( produc+ !m4 ,x 0 "s m9utes aft] he 0 loos$ ere he c\ld rise to 8 feet1 & z he attempt$ to rise1 he cont9u$ call+ out1 ',my back6 oh6 my back6 my back is brok54' ,a long "t he rema9$ half-d\bl$1 ! blood fl[+ r\nd 8 body2 ',i s]ve my ma/]1' said ! ag$ suff]]1 'at all times2 get no ,saturday1 no ,sunday2 yet ?is is de way dem use me4' ,) su* plant]s1 & su* magi/rates to play into _! h&s1 is x to be wond]$ at t ! appr5tices d badly8 ,en\gh has be5 said1 we ?9k1 to satisfy any c&id p]son z to ! causes ( ! evils 9 ,jamaica4 ,if any ?+ fur!r 7 ne$$1 we might speak ( ! peculi> facilities :i* ^! m5 h = p]petrat+ acts ( cruelty & inju/ice4 ,! major "p ( ! isl& is exce$+ly m\nta9\s1 & a l>ge portion ( ! sug> e/ates1 & mo/ ( ! c(fee plantations1 are among ! m\nta9s4 ,^! e/ates are scatt]$ ov] a wide ext5t ( c\ntry1 & sep>at$ by d5se =e/s & m\nta9s1 :i* conceal ea* plantation f ! public view almo/ z effectually z ?\gh x 7 ! only prop]ty on ! isl&4 ,! only mode ( access to _m ( ! e/ates 9 ! m\nta9\s di/ricts1 is by mule pa?s w9d+ ab\t1 amid fa/nesses1 precipices1 & frightful solitudes4 ,9 ^? lone retirem5ts1 on ! m\nta9 top1 or 9 ! deep gl5 by ! side ( ! rocky riv]s1 ! travell] occasionally meets ) an e/ate4 ,/rang]s b r>ely intrude ^u ^? little doma9s4 ,!y are left to ! solit>y sway ( ! ov]se]s dwell+ amid _! gangs1 & undi/urb$1 save by ! weekly visitations ( ! special magi/rates4 ,:ile ! travell] is /ruck ) ! facilities = ! p]petration ( ^? enormities :i* mu/ h exi/$ !re dur+ slav]y2 he is pa9fully impress$ also ) ! num]\s opportunities :i* are /ill af=d$ = oppress+ ! appr5tices1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! special magi/rates are n hone/ m54,a ,footnote ,a3 ,f ! nature ( ! case1 x mu/ be impossible to "k h[ mu* actual flogg+ is p]petrat$ by ! ov]se]s4 ,we might safely conjecture t !re mu/ be a va/ deal ( x t nev] comes to ! light4 ,su* is ! decid$ belief ( _m ( ! fir/ m5 9 ! isl&4 ,! plant]s1 say !y1 flog _! appr5tices1 & !n1 to prev5t _! compla9+ to ! magi/rate1 ?reat5 !m ) sev]e puni%m5t1 or bribe !m to sil5ce by giv+ !m a few %ill+s4 ,! attorney-g5]al m5tion$ an in/ance ( ! latt] policy4 ,a plant] got angry ) "o ( 8 head m51 :o 0 a con/able1 & knock$ him d[n4 ,! man />t$ (f to compla9 to ! special magi/rate4 ,! ma/] call$ him back1 & told him he ne$ n g to ! magi/rate--t he 0 con/able1 & _h a "r to f9e him himself4 ,well1 massa1 said ! negro1 ,i f9e y five %ill+s on de spot4 ,! ma/] 0 glad to get (f ) t--! magi/rate w\ld probably h f9$ him #e curr5cy4 ,9 view ( ! local situation ( ,jamaica--! viol5t "* ( its plant]s--& ! inevitable dep5d5cy ( ! magi/rates1 x is v manife/ t imm$iate emancipation 0 imp]atively dem&$ !re4 ,9 no o!r colony did ! negroes require to be m entirely releas$ f ! tyranny ( ! ov]se]s1 or m ?or\ghly %ield$ by ! p[] ( equal law4 ,?is is a pr9ciple :i* mu/ hold good always--t :]e slav]y has be5 mo/ rigor\s & absolute1 !re emancipation1 ne$s to be mo/ unqualifi$2 & :]e ! sway ( ! ma/] has be5 mo/ despotic1 cruel1 & ,,long ,,cont9u$1 !re ! protection ( law %\ld be mo/ ,,spe$ily ext5d$ & mo/ imp>tially appli$4,b ,footnote ,b3 ,s9ce ! above 0 writt5 we h se5 a copy ( a message s5t by ,sir ,lionel ,smi?1 to ! h\se ( assembly ( ,jamaica1 on ! #c;d ,novemb]1 #ahcg1 9 :i* a /atem5t ( ! deprivations ( ! appr5tices1 is (ficially laid be=e ! h\se4 ,we make ! foll[+ extract f x1 :i* conta9s1 to use 8 ,excell5cy's language1 ! pr9cipal causes1 z has be5 f\nd by ! records ( ! special magi/rates1 ( compla9ts among ! appr5tices2 & ( consequ5t collisions betwe5 ! plant]s & magi/rates4 ,prud5t & humane plant]s h already adopt$ :at is recomm5d$1 & _! prop]ties pres5t ! good work+ ( ?is sy/em 9 peace & indu/ry1 )\t _! resort+ to ! au?ority ( ! special magi/rates2 b !re are o!r prop]ties :]e nei!r ! law ( ! appr5tice%ip nor ! usages ( slav]y h be5 f\nd suffici5t to gu>d ! rights ( ! appr5tices4 ,fir/1 ! magi/rates' reports %[ t on "s e/ates ! appr5tices h be5 depriv$ ( cooks & wat]-c>ri]s :ile at "w 9 ! field--?us1 ! "t all[$ = breakfa/1 in/ead ( be+ a p]iod ( re/1 is "o ( cont9ual labor1 z !y h to seek = fuel & to cook4 ,! depriv+ !m ( wat]-c>ri]s is /ill m injuri\s1 z ! workm5 are n all[$ to quit _! r[s to obta9 x4 ,bo? ^! privations are detrim5tal to ! plant]'s "w4 ,second1 a law seems want+ to supply ! e/ates' hospitals ) suffici5t att5dants on ! sick appr5tices1 z well z = ! supply ( prop] food1 z !y _c dep5d on _! own gr\nds1 :il/ unable to leave ! hospitals4 ,! fir/ clause ( ! abolition law has n be5 f\nd /rong en\gh to secure ^! necess>y att5tions to ! sick4 ,?ird1 9 reg>d to jobb]s1 m expos$ to h>d%ips ?an any o!r class4 ,a law is greatly requir$ all[+ !m ! di/ance !y may h to walk to _! "w1 at ! rate ( ?ree miles an h\r1 & = compell+ ! p>ties hir+ !m to supply !m ) salt food & meal2 _! gr\nds are (t5times s _m miles di/ant1 x is impossible = !m to supply !mselves4 ,h5ce con/ant compla9ts & irregul>ities4 ,f\r?1 t mo!rs ( six *ildr5 & upw>ds1 pregnant wom51 & ! ag$ ( bo? sexes1 w\ld be greatly b5efit$ by a law en=c+ ! k9d treatm5t :i* !y receiv$ 9 slav]y1 b :i* is n[ consid]$ optional1 or is altoge!r avoid$ on _m prop]ties4 ,fif?1 no?+ w\ld t5d m to effect g5]al cont5tm5t & repress ! evils ( comp>ative treatm5t1 ?an ! issue ( fi% z a "r by law4 ,x 0 an indulg5ce 9 slav]y seldom d5i$1 b on _m prop]ties is n[ )held1 or giv5 = extra labor in/ead ( wages4 ,six?1 8 ,excell5cy dur+ ! la/ sessions _h ! honor to address a message to ! h\se = a /rong] def9ition ( work+ "t4 ,! clause ( ! act 9 aid express$ t x 0 ! int5tion ( ! legislature to regulate 'uni=mity' ( labor1 b 9 practice !re is /ill a great div]sity ( sy/em4 ,! legal advis] ( ! cr[n consid]s ! clause active & b9d+2 ! special magi/rate _c1 !re=e1 adjudicate on disputes ( labor "u ! eight h\r sy/em1 & ! consequ5ces h be5 cont9ual compla9ts & bick]+s betwe5 ! magi/rates & manag]s1 & discont5t among ! appr5tices by comp>ison ( ! advantages :i* "o sy/em pres5ts ov] ! o!r4 ,sev5?1 if y\r honorable h\se w\ld adopt "s equitable fix$ pr9ciple = ! value ( appr5tices desir\s ( pur*as+ _! dis*>ge1 ei!r by asc]ta9$ rates ( weekly labor1 or by fix$ sums accord+ to _! trade or occupation1 :i* %\ld n be exce$$1 & all[+ ! d$uction ( "o ?ird f ! extreme value = ! cont+5cies ( ma9t5ance1 clo?+1 m$ical aid1 risk ( life1 & heal?1 x w\ld greatly t5d to set at re/ "o cause ( con/ant disappo9tm5t4 ,9 proportion z ! t]m ( appr5tice%ip draws to a close1 ,,! ,,dem&s ,,= ,,! ,,sale ,,( ,,s]vices ,,h ,,greatly ,,increas$4 ,x is 9 ! hope t ! honorable h\se w be dispos$ to en=ce a m g5]al sy/em ( equal treatm5t1 t 8 ,excell5cy n[ circum/antially repres5ts :at h be5 ! mo/ common causes ( compla9t among ! appr5tices1 & :y ! isl& is subject to ! reproa* t ! negroes1 9 "s respects1 are n[ 9 a worse condition ?an !y 7 9 slav]y4 ,we he>d frequ5t compla9ts 9 ,jamaica respect+ ! fall+ (f ( ! crops s9ce abolition4 ,9 ord] t ! read] may "k ! ext5t ( ! failure 9 ! aggregate isl& crops1 we h ins]t$ 9 ! app5dix a table %[+ ! exports = fifty-?ree ye>s1 end+ #ca/ ,decemb]1 #ahcf1 cond5s$ f ! j\rnals ( ! ,h\se4 ,by ! disaffect$ plant]s1 ! dim9i%$ crops 7 hail$ z an evid5t tok5 ( p]dition4 ,!y _h =etold t abolition w\ld be ! ru9 ( cultivation1 !y _h ma9ta9$ t sug>1 c(fee1 rum1 c41 c\ld n be produc$ ext5sively )\t ! :ip ( slav]y1 & n[ !y exult+ly po9t to ! %ort crops & say1 ,see ! results ( abolition6 ,we say exult+ly1 = a portion ( ! plant]s d really seem to rejoice 9 any indication ( ru94 ,hav+ /ak$ _! reputation z prophets aga9/ _! cr$it z coloni/s & _! int]e/s z m51 !y seem happy 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! =m]1 ev5 ?\gh x be by ! sacrifice ( ! latt]4 ,said an intellig5t g5tleman 9 ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 ,! plant]s h set _! he>ts ^u ru91 & !y w be sorely disappo9t$ if x %\ld n come4 ,he>+ s mu* said conc]n+ ! dim9ution ( ! crops1 we sp>$ no pa9s to asc]ta9 ! true causes4 ,we satisfi$ ourselves t ! causes 7 ma9ly two4 ,fir/4 ,! prevail+ impression t ! negroes w\ld n "w well aft] ! abolition ( slav]y1 l$ _m plant]s to ?r[ a "p ( _! l& out ( cultivation1 9 #ahcd4 ,?is is a fact :i* 0 publi%$ by ,"l ,sligo1 9 an (ficial acc\nt :i* he gave %ortly be=e leav+ ,jamaica1 ( ! work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip4 ,! ov]se] ( ,belvid]e e/ate decl>$ t he knew ( _m cases 9 :i* "p ( ! l& usually plant$ 9 canes 0 ?r[n up1 ow+ to ! g5]al expectation t mu* less "w w\ld be done aft] abolition4 ,he also m5tion$ "o attorney :o ord]$ all ! e/ates "u 8 *>ge to be ?r[n out ( cultivation 9 #ahcd1 s confid5t 0 he t ! negroes w\ld n "w4 ,! "n ( ?is attorney 0 ,:ite4 ,mr4 ,gordon1 ( ,williamsfield1 /at$1 t ! quantity ( l& plant$ 9 cane1 9 #ahcd1 0 consid]ably less ?an ! usual am\nt3 on "s e/ates x 0 less by tw5ty1 & on o!rs by =ty acres4 ,n[ if su* 7 ! fact 9 ! ,p>i% ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 :]e great] confid5ce 0 felt probably ?an 9 any o!r p>i%1 we h a clue by :i* we may conjecture 7if inde$ we 7 left to conjecture7 to :at ext5t ! cultivation 0 dim9i%$ 9 ! isl& g5]ally4 ,?is ( itself w\ld satisfactorily acc\nt = ! fall+ (f 9 ! crops--:i* at mo/ is n above "o ?ird4 ,nor w\ld ?is expla9 ! decrease 9 '#cd only1 = x is well kn[n among sug> plant]s t a neglect ( plant+1 ei!r total or p>tial1 = "o ye>1 w affect ! crops = two or ?ree successive ye>s4 ,! o!r cause ( %ort crops has be5 ! dim9i%$ am\nt ( "t = labor4 ,"o f\r? ( ! "t n[ belongs to ! labor]s1 & !y (t5 pref] to employ x 9 cultivat+ _! provision gr\nds & c>ry+ _! produce to m>ket4 ,?us ! e/ate cultivation is necess>ily imp$$4 ,?is cause op]ates v ext5sively1 p>ticul>ly on two classes ( e/ates3 ^? :i* lie conv5i5t to m>ket places1 :]e ! appr5tices h /rong inducem5ts to cultivate _! gr\nds1 & ^? 7m num]\s /ill7 :i* h h>% ov]se]s1 to :om ! appr5tices are av]se to hire _! "t--9 :i* cases !y w *oose to "w = neighbor+ plant]s1 :o are bett] m54 ,we %\ld n omit to add "h1 t ow+ to a s+ul> fact1 ! fall+ (f ( ! crops appe>s great] ?an x really has be54 ,we le>n$ f ! mo/ cr$ible s\rces t ! size ( ! hog%eads _h be5 consid]ably enl>g$ s9ce abolition4 ,=m]ly !y conta9$1 on an av]age1 eighte5 hundr$ weight1 n[ !y v>y f a ton to tw5ty-two hundr$6 ,z ! crops are e/imat$ by ! numb] ( hog%eads1 ?is w make a mat]ial diff]5ce4 ,!re 7 two reasons = enl>g+ 9 ! hog%eads1--"o 01 to less5 ! am\nt ( c]ta9 port *>ges 9 exportation1 :i* 7 made by ! hog%ead2 ! o!r1 & p]haps ! pr9cipal1 0 to create "s f\ndation 9 appe>ance = ! compla9t t ! crops _h fail$ because ( abolition4 ,:ile we feel fully w>rant$ 9 /at+ ^! z ! *ief causes ( ! dim9i%$ crops1 we are at ! same "t dispos$ to admit t ! appr5tice%ip is 9 itself exce$+ly ill calculat$ ei!r to enc\rage or to compel indu/ry4 ,we mu/ confess t we h no special zeal to v9dicate ?is sy/em f its full %>e ( blame2 b we are r incl9$ to aw>d to x e jot & tittle ( ! di%onor$ in/rum5tality :i* x has _h 9 work+ mis*ief to ! colony4 ,h[ev]1 9 all c&or1 we mu/ say1 t we c sc>cely *eck ! ris+s ( exultation :5 we p]ceive t ?is p>ty-fangl$ measure--?is (fspr+ ( old ,slav]y 9 h] dy+ ?roes1 :i* 0 expressly design$ z a comp5sation to ! proprietor1 ,,has ,,actually ,,dim9i%$ ,,8 ,,annual ,,returns ,,by ,,"o ,,?ird6 ,s may x ev] be ) legislation :i* is bas$ on iniquity & robb]y6 ,b ! subject :i* excites ! deepe/ int]e/ 9 ,jamaica is ! probable consequ5ces ( entire emancipation 9 #ahdj4 ,! mo/ common op9ion among ! progno/icators ( evil is1 t ! emancipat$ negroes w ab&on ! cultivation ( all ! /aple products1 retire to ! woods1 & live 9 a /ate ( semi-b>b>ism2 & z a consequ5ce1 ! spl5did sug> & c(fee e/ates mu/ be ?r[n up1 & ! beautiful & f]tile isl& ( ,jamaica become a wa/e h[l+ wild]ness4 ,! reasons = ?is op9ion consi/ 9 "p ( nak$ assumptions1 & 9 "p ( inf]5ces f suppos$ facts4 ,! assum$ reasons are su* z ^!4 ,! negroes w n cultivate ! cane )\t ! :ip4 ,h[ is ?is kn[n8 ,simply because !y nev] h1 to any great ext5t1 9 ,jamaica4 ,su*1 x has be5 %[n1 0 ! op9ion =m]ly 9 ,b>badoes1 b x has be5 =ev] explod$ !re by exp]im5t4 ,aga91 ! negroes are naturally improvid5t1 & w nev] h en\gh =esight to "w /eadily4 ,:at is ! evid5ce ( natural improvid5ce 9 ! negroes8 ,b>ely ?is--_! c>elessness 9 a /ate ( slav]y4 ,b t furni%es no gr\nd at all = judg+ ( natural "*1 or ( ! developm5ts ( "* "u a totally diff]5t sy/em4 ,if x te/ifies any ?+1 x is only ?is1 t ! natural disposition ( ! negroes is n always pro( aga9/ ! deg5]at+ influ5ces ( slav]y4,a ,aga91 ! actual wants ( ! negroes are v few & easily suppli$1 & !y w und\bt$ly pref] go+ into ! woods :]e !y c live almo/ )\t labor1 to toil+ 9 ! hot cane fields or climb+ ! c(fee m\nta9s4 ,b !y :o urge ?is1 lose sight ( ! fact t ! negroes are consid]ably civiliz$1 & t1 l o!r civiliz$ p1 !y w seek = m ?an supply = ! necessities ( ! rude/ /ate ( nature4 ,_! wants are already _m1 ev5 9 ! degrad$ condition ( slaves2 is x probable t !y w be satisfi$ ) few] ( ! com=ts & luxuries ( civiliz$ life1 :5 !y are elevat$ to ! sph]e1 & feel ! self-respect & dignity ( freem58 ,b let u notice "s ( ! reasons :i* pr(ess to be f\nd$ on fact4 ,!y may all be resolv$ into two1 ! laz9ess ( negroes1 & _! t5d5cy to b>b>ism4 ,footnote ,a3 ,probably 9 m in/ances ?an ! "o record$ 9 ! =ego+ *apt]1 ! improvid5ce ( ! negroes is inf]r$ f _! o!rwise unacc\ntable pref]5ce 9 walk+ six or t5 miles to *apel1 r ?an to "w = a macc>oni a day4 i4 ,!y n[ refuse to "w on ,saturdays1 ev5 ) wages4 ,on ?is ass]tion we h sev]al rem>ks to make4 #a47 ,x is true only to a p>tial ext5t4 ,! appr5tices on _m e/ates--:e!r a majority or n x is impossible to say--d "w = _! ma/]s on ,saturdays1 :5 _! s]vices are call$ =4 #b47 ,!y (t5 refuse to "w on ! e/ates1 because !y c e>n ?ree or f\r times z mu* by cultivat+ _! provision gr\nds & c>ry+ _! produce to m>ket4 ,! ord9>y day's wages on an e/ate is a qu>t] ( a doll>1 & :]e ! appr5tices are conv5i5tly situat$ to m>ket1 !y c make f sev5ty-five c5ts to a doll> a day ) _! provisions4 #c47 ,! ov]se]s are (t5 su* ov]be>+ & dete/able m51 t ! appr5tices d\btless feel x a great relief to be fre$ f _! comm& on ,saturday1 aft] submitt+ to x compulsorily = five days ( ! week4 #b4 ,ano!r fact f :i* ! laz9ess ( ! negroes is inf]r$1 is _! neglect+ _! provision gr\nds4 ,x is said t !y h fall5 (f greatly to _! att5tion to _! gr\nds1 s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,?is fact does n comport v well ) ! compla9t1 t ! appr5tices cultivate _! provision gr\nds to ! neglect ( ! e/ates4 ,b bo? ass]tions may be true "u opposite circum/ances4 ,on ^? e/ates :i* are situat$ ne> ! m>ket1 provisions w be cultivat$2 on ^? :i* are remote f ! m>ket1 provisions w ( c\rse be p>tially neglect$1 & x w be m pr(itable to ! appr5tices to "w on ! e/ates at a qu>t] ( a doll> p] day1 rais+ only en\gh provisions = _! own use4 ,b we asc]ta9$ ano!r circum/ance :i* ?r[s light on ?is po9t4 ,! negroes expect1 aft] emancipation1 to lose _! provision gr\nds2 _m expect c]ta9ly to be turn$ (f by _! ma/]s1 & _m :o h h>% ma/]s1 int5d to leave1 & seek homes on o!r e/ates1 & all feel a great unc]ta9ty ab\t _! situation aft] #ahdj2 & consequ5tly !y c h b little enc\ragem5t to vigor\s & ext5d$ cultivation ( _! gr\nds4 ,besides ?is1 !re are v _m cases 9 :i* ! appr5tices ( "o e/ate cultivate provision gr\nds on ano!r e/ate1 :]e ! manag] is a man 9 :om !y h m confid5ce ?an !y h 9 _! own bu%a4 ,!y1 ( c\rse1 9 su* cases1 ab&on _! =m] gr\nds1 & consequ5tly are *>g$ ) neglect+ !m ?r\gh laz9ess4 #c4 ,ano!r alleg$ fact is1 t actually less "w is done n[ ?an 0 done dur+ slav]y4 ,! argum5t f\nd$ on ?is fact is ?is3 !re is less "w done "u ! appr5tice%ip ?an 0 done dur+ slav]y3 !re=e no "w at all w be done aft] entire fre$om6 ,b ! appr5tice%ip all[s "o f\r? less "t = labor ?an slav]y did1 & pres5ts no inducem5t1 ei!r compulsory or p]suasive1 to cont9u$ indu/ry4 ,w x be repli$ t emancipation w take away all ! "t f labor1 & (f] no enc\ragem5t b to idl5ess8 ,h[ is x n[8 ,d ! appr5tices "w bett] or worse dur+ _! own "t :5 !y are paid8 ,bett]1 unque/ionably4 ,:at does ?is prove8 ,t fre$om w supply bo? ! "t & ! inducem5t to ! mo/ vigor\s indu/ry4 ,! o!r reason = believ+ t ! negroes w ab&on e/ate-labor aft] entire emancipation1 is _! /rong t5d5cy to b>b>ism6 ,& :at are ! facts 9 pro( ( ?is8 ,we "k b "o4 ,we he>d x said repeat$ly t ! appr5tices 7 n will+ to h _! free *ildr5 educat$--t !y _h p]t9aci\sly decl9$ e (f] ( ! bu%as to educate _! *ildr51 & ?is1 x 0 alleg$1 ev9c$ a det]m9ation on ! "p ( ! negroes to p]petuate ignorance & b>b>ism among _! po/]ity4 ,we he>d f no less ?an f\r p]sons ( di/9ction 9 ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 ! foll[+ curi\s fact4 ,x 0 /at$ ea* "t = ! d\ble purpose ( prov+ t ! appr5tices did n wi% to h _! *ildr5 le>n to "w1 & t !y 7 oppos$ to _! receiv+ education4 ,a company ( ! fir/-g5tlem5 ( t p>i%1 consi/+ ( ! rector ( ! p>i%1 ! cu/os1 ! special magi/rate1 an attorney1 & memb] ( ! assembly1 etc41 _h mu/]$ 9 impos+ array1 & proce$$ to "o ( ! l>ge e/ates 9 ! ,planta9 ,g>d5 ,riv] ,valley1 & !re hav+ call$ ! appr5tices toge!r1 made ! foll[+ proposals to !m respect+ _! free *ildr51 ! rector act+ z spokesman4 ,! attorney w\ld provide a tea*] = ! e/ate1 & w\ld give ! *ildr5 f\r h\rs' in/ruction daily1 if ! p>5ts w\ld b9d !m to "w f\r h\rs e day2 ! attorney fur!r (f]$ to pay = all m$ical att5dance ! *ildr5 %\ld require4 ,! appr5tices1 aft] due delib]ation among !mselves1 unanim\sly decl9$ ?is proposition4 ,x 0 repeat$ly urg$ ^u !m1 & ! advantages x promis$ 7 held up to !m2 b !y p]si/$ 9 decl9+ x :olly4 ,?is 0 a great m>vel to ! plant]s2 & !y c\ld n acc\nt = x 9 any o!r way ?an by suppos+ t ! appr5tices 7 oppos$ bo? to labor & education1 & 7 det]m9$ t _! free *ildr5 %\ld gr[ up 9 ignorance & indol5ce6 ,n[ ! true reason :y ! appr5tices reject$ ?is proposal 01 because x came f ! plant]s1 9 :om !y h no confid5ce4 ,!y suspect$ t "s evil s*eme 0 hid "u ! fair pret5ce ( b5evol5ce2 ! design ( ! plant]s1 z !y firmly believ$1 0 to get _! free *ildr5 b\nd to !m1 s t !y might cont9ue to keep !m 9 a species ( appr5tice%ip4 ,?is 0 /at$ to u1 z ! real gr\nd ( ! rejection1 by sev]al mission>ies1 :o gave ! be/ evid5ce t x 0 s2 viz4 t at ! same "t t ! appr5tices decl9$ ! (f]1 !y w\ld s5d _! free *ildr5 six or eight miles to a s*ool taught by a mission>y4 ,we inquir$ p>ticul>ly ( "s ( ! appr5tices1 to :om ?is (f] 0 made1 :y !y did n accept x4 ,!y said t !y c\ld n tru/ _! ma/]s2 ! :ole design ( x 0 to get !m to give up _! *ildr51 & if !y %\ld give !m up b = a s+le mon?1 x w\ld be ! same z ackn[l$g+ t !y 7! p>5ts7 7 n able to take c>e ( !m !mselves4 ,! bu%a w\ld !n s5d ^w to ! ,gov]nor t ! p _h giv5 up _! *ildr51 n be+ able to support !m1 & ! ,gov]nor w\ld h ! *ildr5 b\nd to ! bu%a1 & !n1 said !y1 we might :i/le = our *ildr56 ,9 ?is mann] ! appr5tices1 ! p>5ts1 reason$4 ,!y pr(ess$ ! greate/ anxiety to h _! *ildr5 educat$1 b !y said !y c\ld h no confid5ce 9 ! hone/ int5tions ( _! bu%a4 ,! views giv5 above1 t\*+ ! results ( entire emancipation 9 #ahdj1 are n unanim\sly ent]ta9$ ev5 among ! plant]s1 & !y are f> f prevail+ to any great ext5t among o!r classes ( ! community4 ,! mission>ies1 z a body1 a portion ( ! special magi/rates1 & mo/ ( ! intellig5t free color$ p1 anticipate glori\s consequ5ces2 !y hail ! approa* ( #ahdj1 z a deliv]ance f ! oppressions ( ! appr5tice%ip1 & its tra9 ( disaffections1 compla9ts & incessant disputes4 ,!y say !y h no?+ to fe>--nor has ! isl& any ?+ to fe>1 b e ?+ to hope1 f entire emancipation4 ,we subjo9 a specim5 ( ! reason+ ( ! m9ority ( ! plant]s4 ,!y repres5t ! idea t ! negroes w ab&on ! e/ates1 & retire to ! woods1 z wild & absurd 9 ! extreme4 ,!y say ! negroes h a great reg>d = ! com=ts :i* !y enjoy on ! e/ates2 !y are /rongly atta*$ to _! h\ses & little furniture1 & _! provision gr\nds4 ,^! are z mu* to !m z ! 'great h\se' & ! e/ate are to _! ma/]4 ,besides1 !y h v /rong local atta*m5ts1 & ^! w\ld b9d !m to ! prop]ties4 ,^! plant]s also argue1 f ! great will+ness ( ! appr5tices n[ to "w = money1 dur+ _! own "t1 t !y w n be likely to rel9qui% labor :5 !y are to get wages = ! :ole "t4 ,!re 0 no d\bt mu* tru? 9 ! rem>k ( a plant] 9 ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 t if any e/ates 7 ab&on$ by ! negroes aft] #ahdj1 x w\ld be ^? :i* _h h>% manag]s1 & ^? :i* are s m\nta9\s & inaccessible1 or b>r51 t !y ought to be ab&on$4 ,x 0 ! decl>ation ( a plant]1 t entire emancipation w\ld reg5]ate ! isl& ( ,jamaica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we n[ submit to ! c&id exam9ation ( ! ,am]ican1 especially ! ,*ri/ian public1 ! results ( our inquiries 9 ,antigua1 ,b>badoes1 & ,jamaica4 ,! defici5cy ( ! n>rative 9 ability & int]e/1 we are sure is nei!r ! fault ( ! subject nor ( ! mat]ials4 ,c\ld we h ?r[n into vivid =ms a few only ( ! numb]less incid5ts ( r>e beauty :i* ?rong$ our pa?--c\ld we h imp>t$ to pages t fre%ness & gl[1 :i* inve/$ ! in/itutions ( fre$om1 j bur/+ into bloom ov] ! late wa/es ( slav]y--c\ld we1 9 f9e1 h c>ri$ our read]s amid ! sc5es :i* we witness$1 & ! s\nds :i* we he>d1 & ! ?+s :i* we h&l$1 we %\ld n d\bt ! p[] & p]man5ce ( ! impression produc$4 ,x is due to ! cause1 & to ! society "u ^: commission we act$1 frankly to /ate1 t we 7 n select$ on acc\nt ( any peculi> qualifications = ! "w4 ,z bo? ( u 7 invalids1 & compell$ to fly f ! rigors ( an ,am]ican w9t]1 x 0 believ$ t we might comb9e ! improvem5t ( heal?1 ) ! prosecution ( important inve/igations1 :ile abl] m5 c\ld ?us be reta9$ 9 ! field at home2 b we f\nd t ! unexpect$ abundance ( mat]ials requires ! /ronge/ heal? & p[]s ( endurance4 ,we regret to add1 t ! cont9u$ ill heal? ( bo? ( u1 s9ce our return1 s s]i\s 9 ! case ( "o1 z to deprive him almo/ :olly ( p>ticipation 9 ! prep>ation ( ! "w1 has necess>ily1 delay$ its appe>ance1 & r5d]$ its execution m imp]fect4 ,we lay no claim to lit]>y m]it4 ,to pres5t z simple n>rative ( facts1 has be5 our sole aim4 ,we h n giv5 ! results ( our p]sonal obs]vations m]ely1 or *iefly1 nor h we made a record ( private impressions or idle speculations4 ,well au!nticat$ facts1 accompani$ ) ! te/imony1 v]bal & docum5t>y1 ( public m51 plant]s1 & o!r responsible individuals1 make up ! body ( ! volume1 z almo/ e page w %[4 ,t no /atem5ts1 if errone\s1 might escape detection & exposure1 we h1 9 ne>ly e case1 giv5 ! names ( our au?orities4 ,by s do+ we may h subject$ ourselves to ! c5sure ( ^? respect$ g5tlem51 ) ^: names we h tak5 su* lib]ty4 ,we are assur$1 h[ev]1 t _! int]e/ 9 ! cause ( fre$om w q reconcile !m to :at o!rwise might be an unpleasant p]sonal publicity4 ,comm5d+ our n>rative to ! bless+ ( ! ,god ( tru?1 & ! ,r$eem] ( ! oppress$1 we s5d x =? to d its "p1 h[ev] humble1 t[>d ! removal ( slav]y f our belov$ b guilty c\ntry4 ,,app5dix4 ,we h 9 our possession a numb] ( (ficial docum5ts f g5tlem51 (fic]s ( ! gov]nm5t1 & v>i\sly connect$ ) its adm9i/ration1 9 ! diff]5t isl&s :i* we visit$3 "s ( ^!--su* z c\ld n be conv5i5tly incorporat$ into ! body ( ! "w--we ins]t 9 ! =m ( an app5dix4 ,to ins]t !m all1 w\ld unduly increase ! size ( ! pres5t volume4 ,^? n embodi$ 9 ?is app5dix1 w be publi%$ 9 ! p]iodicals ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,(ficial ,,communication ,,f ,e4,b4 ,,lyon1 ,,esq41 ,,special ,,magi/rate4 ,jamaica1 ,hill+don1 ne> ,falm\?1 ,trelawney1 ,may #ae1 #ahcg4 ,,to ,j4,h4 ,,kimball41 ,,esq41 & ,j4,a4 ,,?ome1 ,,esq4 ,,de> ,,sirs1--,( ! op]ation ( ! appr5tice%ip sy/em 9 ?is di/rict1 f ! slight opportunity ,i h _h ( obs]v+ ! conduct ( manag]s & appr5tices1 ,i c\ld only speak conjecturally1 & my op9ions1 want+ ! au?ority ( exp]i5ce1 w\ld be ( little s]vice to y2 ,i %all !re=e conf9e ! rem>ks ,i h to make1 to ! op]ation ( ! sy/em 9 ! di/rict f :i* ,i h lately remov$4 ,i comm5c$ my duties 9 ,augu/1 #ahcd1 & f ! paucity ( special magi/rates at t ev5tful era1 ,i _h ! sup]9t5d5ce ( a mo/ ext5sive di/rict1 compris+ ne>ly "o half ( ! popul\s p>i% ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 & ! :ole ( ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,david1 embrac+ an appr5tice population ( ne>ly eighte5 ?\s&1--9 *>ge ( :i* ,i cont9u$ until ,decemb]1 :5 ,i 0 reliev$ ( ,/4 ,david1 & 9 ,m>*1 #ahce1 my surveillance 0 conf9$ to t portion ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 consi/+ ( ! c(fee plantations 9 ! ,blue ,m\nta9s1 & ! sug> e/ates ( ,blue ,m\nta9 ,valley1 ov] :i* ,i cont9u$ to preside until la/ ,m>*1 a di/rict conta9+ a population ( f\r ?\s& two hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 appr5tices1 ( :i* two ?\s& eighty-sev5 7 males1 & two ?\s& "o hundr$ & =ty1 females4 ,! appr5tices ( ! ,blue ,m\nta9 ,valley 71 at ! p]iod ( my assumption ( ! duties ( a special magi/rate1 ! mo/ disord]ly 9 ! isl&4 ,!y 7 greatly excit$1 & almo/ desp]ate f disappo9tm5t1 9 f9d+ _! trammels "u ! new law1 ne>ly z burd5some z "u ! old1 & _! condition1 9 _m respects1 mu* m intol]able4 ,!y 7 also extremely irritat$ at :at !y deem$ an attempt ^u ! "p ( _! ma/]s to rob !m ( "o ( ! greate/ advantages !y _h be5 l$ to believe ! new law secur$ to !m--?is 0 ! half ( ,friday4 ,special ,ju/ice ,ev]>d1 :o w5t ?r\gh ! di/rict dur+ ! fir/ two weeks ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 & :o 0 ! fir/ special ju/ice to read & expla9 ! new law to !m1 _h told !m t ! law gave to !m ! extra f\r & a half h\rs on ! ,friday1 & "s ( ! proprietors & manag]s1 :o 7 desir\s ( prep>+ _! p = ! com+ *ange1 _h likewise expla9$ x s2 b1 mo/ un=tunately1 ! gov]nor issu$ a proclamation1 ju/ify+ ! ma/]s 9 )hold+ ! f\r & a half h\rs on t day1 & sub/itut+ any o!r half day1 or by work+ !m eight h\rs p] day1 !y might deprive !m altoge!r ( ! advantage to be d]iv$ f ! extra "t1 :i*1 by ! abolition ( ,sunday m>ket+1 0 almo/ indisp5sable to p ^: gr\nds1 9 "s in/ances1 7 _m miles f _! habitations1 & :o 7 above ?irty miles f ,k+/on m>ket1 :]e prices 7 fifty p] c5t4 m ?an ! c\ntry m>kets 9 _! favor = ! articles !y _h to dispose (1 & correspond+ly l[] = ^? !y _h to pur*ase4 ,to be 9 "t = :i* m>ket1 x 0 necess>y to walk all ,friday night1 s t )\t ! use ( ! previ\s half day1 !y c\ld n procure _! provisions1 or prep>e !mselves = x4 ,! deprivation ( ! half ( ,friday 0 !re=e a s]i\s h>d%ip to !m1 & ?is1 c\pl$ to ! previ\s assurance ( _! ma/]s1 & ,special ,ju/ice ,ev]>d1 t !y 7 entitl$ to x1 made !m to suspect a fraud 0 ab\t be+ practis$ on !m1 :i*1 if !y did n resi/1 w\ld lead to ! de/ruction ( ! rema9+ few privileges !y possess$4 ,! resi/ance 0 v g5]al1 b )\t viol5ce2 :ole gangs leav+ ! fields on ! aft]noon ( ,friday2 refus+ to take any o!r aft]noon1 & sometimes leav+ ! e/ates = two or ?ree days toge!r4 ,!y =tunately _h confid5ce 9 me--& ,i succe$$ 9 re/or+ ord]1 & all w\ld h be5 well1--b ! manag]s1 no long] al>m$ by ! fe> ( rebellion or viol5ce1 began a sy/em ( retaliation & rev5ge1 by )draw+ cooks1 wat]-c>ri]s1 & nurses1 f ! field1 by refus+ m$ic9e & admittance to ! hospital to ! appr5tice *ildr51 & by compell+ old & infirm p1 :o _h be5 all[$ to )draw f labor1 & mo!rs ( six *ildr51 :o 7 exempt by ! slave law f h>d labor1 to come out & "w 9 ! field4 ,all ?is _h a natural t5d5cy to create irritation1 & did d s2 ?\gh1 to ! great cr$it ( ! p1 9 _m in/ances1 !y submitt$ ) ! mo/ extraord9>y pati5ce1 to evils :i* 7 ! m on]\s1 because inflict$ "u ! affect$ sanction ( a law1 ^: adv5t1 z ! h]ald ( lib]ty1 !y _h expect$ w\ld h be5 att5d$ ) a tra9 ( bless+s4 ,i effect$ a *ange 9 ?is mis]able /ate ( ?+s2 & mutual contract = labor1 9 crop & out ( x1 7 made on tw5ty-five e/ates 9 my di/rict1 be=e1 ,i believe1 any arrangem5t _h be5 made 9 o!r p>ts ( ! isl&1 betwe5 ! manag]s & ! appr5tices2 s t f be+ 9 a m unsettl$ /ate ?an o!rs1 we 7 soon happily 9 a m prosp]\s "o1 & s cont9u$4 ,no peasantry 9 ! mo/ favor$ c\ntry on ! globe1 c h be5 m irreproa*able 9 morals & conduct ?an ! majority ( appr5tices 9 t di/rict1 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( #ahce4 ,i h1 mon? aft] mon?1 9 my despat*es to ! gov]nor1 _h to record in/ances ( excess ( labor1 comp>$ ) ! quantity p]=m$ dur+ slav]y 9 "s k9ds ( "w2 & :ile ,i h ) pleasure report$ ! improv+ condition1 habits1 mann]s1 & ! indu/ry :i* *>act]iz$ ! labors ( ! peasantry1 ,i h n be5 an indiff]5t or un9t]e/$ witness ( ! improvem5t 9 ! condition ( _m e/ates1 ! result ( ! judici\s application ( labor1 & ( ! confid5ce 9 ! future & sangu9e expectations ( ! proprietors1 ev9c$ 9 ! enl>gem5ts ( ! works1 & exp5sive & p]man5t repair ( ! build+s on v>i\s e/ates1 & 9 ! high prices giv5 = prop]ties & l& s9ce ! appr5tice%ip sy/em1 :i* w\ld sc>cely h comm&$ a pur*as]1 at any price1 dur+ ! exi/5ce ( slav]y4 ,i h inv>iably f\nd ! appr5tice will+ to "w = an equitable hire1 & on all ! sug> e/ates1 & sev]al ( ! plantations1 9 ! di/rict ,i speak (1 !y work$ a consid]able portion ( _! own "t dur+ crop1 ab\t ! works1 = money1 or an equival5t 9 h]r+s1 sug>1 etc41 to s great a degree1 t less ?an ! "t allott$ to !m dur+ slav]y1 0 left = appropriation to ! cultivation ( _! gr\nds1 & = m>ket+1 z ! majority1 v mu* to _! cr$it1 scrupul\sly avoid$ work+ on ! ,sabba? day4 ,9 no community 9 ! _w is crime less preval5t4 ,at ! qu>t] sessions1 9 ,janu>y la/1 = ! prec9ct ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 & ,/4 ,david1 :i* conta9s an appr5tice population ( ab\t ?irty ?\s&1 !re 0 only "o appr5tice tri$4 ,& ! (f5ces t h1 9 g5]al1 = ! la/ eighte5 mon?s1 be5 br\ght be=e me on e/ates1 h be5 ( ! mo/ trivial description1 su* z an individual occasionally turn+ out late1 or "s "o ( an irritable temp] answ]+ impati5tly1 or = "s trifl+ act ( disob$i5ce2 9 fact1 ! majority ( appr5tices on e/ates h be5 unta9t$ ) (f5ce1 & h /eadily & quietly p]=m$ _! duty1 & respect$ ! law4 ,! appr5tices ( ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/1 ,i d n hesitate to say1 are mu* sup]ior 9 mann]s & morals to ^? :o inhabit ! t[ns4 ,dur+ ! fir/ six or eight mon?s1 :ile ! plant]s 7 9 d\bt h[ f> ! endurance ( _! labor]s might be tax$1 ! utmo/ def]5ce & respect 0 paid by !m to ! special magi/rates2 _! sugge/ions or recomm5dations 7 adopt$ )\t cavil1 & op9ions tak5 )\t ref]5ce to ! lett] ( ! law2 b :5 ! ob$i5ce ( ! appr5tice1 & 8 /rict def]5ce to ! law & its adm9i/rators1 _h inspir$ !m ) a consci\sness ( p]fect security1 ,i obs]v$ ) mu* regret1 a great alt]ation 9 ! deportm5t ( _m ( ! manag]s t[>ds myself & ! p2 trivial & insignificant compla9ts 7 a/oni%+ly increas$1 & assaults on appr5tices became m frequ5t1 s t 9 ! degree t ! conduct ( "o p>ty 0 m 9 accordance ) ! obligations impos$ on him by ! appr5tice%ip1 0 t ( ! o!r 9 opposition to x2 aga9 ) ! hold & infirm h>ass$2 aga9 7 mo!rs ( six liv+ *ildr5 attempt$ to be =c$ to p]=m field labor2 & aga9 7 mo!rs ) suck+ *ildr5 compla9$ (1 & "s attempts made to deprive !m ( ! usual nurses4 ,su* treatm5t 0 n calculat$ to promote cordiality betwe5 ma/] & appr5tice1 & ! effect w1 ,i fe>1 h a v unfavorable influ5ce ^u ! work+ ( _m e/ates1 at ! t]m9ation ( ! sy/em2 9 fact1 :5 t p]iod arrives1 if ! feel+ ( e/rangem5t be no worse1 ,i am conv9c$ x w be no bett] ?an x is at ! pres5t mom5t1 z ,i h witness$ no pa9s tak+ on ! "p ( ! attorneys g5]ally to atta* ! appr5tices to ! prop]ties1 or to prep>e !m 9 a b5eficial mann] = ! com+ *ange4 ,x 0 a v common practice 9 ! di/rict1 :5 an appr5tice 0 ab\t to pur*ase 8 dis*>ge1 to attempt to intimidate him by ?reats ( imm$iate ejectm5t f ! prop]ty1 & if 9 ! face ( ?is ?reat5$ sep>ation f family & connections1 he p]sev]$ & procur$ 8 release1 !n ! s9c]ity ( ! previ\s intimations 0 ev9c$ by a p]emptory ord]1 to in/antly quit ! prop]ty1 "u ! p5alty ( hav+ ! trespass act en=c$ aga9/ him2 & if my int]f]5ce prev5t$ any outrage\s violation ( law1 s _m ob/ructions & annoyances 7 plac$ 9 ! way ( 8 communication ) 8 family1 or enjoym5t ( 8 dome/ic rights1 t he w\ld be compell$ = _! peace1 & 8 own p]sonal conv5i5ce1 to submit to privations1 :i*1 z a slave1 he w\ld n h be5 subject to4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t ^? releas$ f ! obligations ( ! appr5tice%ip by pur*ase1 in/ead ( be+ locat$1 & labor+ = hire ^u ! e/ate to :i* !y 7 atta*$1 & =m+ a nucleus ar\nd :i* o!rs w\ld h ga!r$ & settl$ !mselves1 !y h be5 pr9cipally driv5 to f9d o!r homes1 & 9 ! majority ( in/ances h pur*as$ l&1 & become settl]s on _! own acc\nt4 ,if complete emancipation _h tak5 place 9 #ahcd1 !re w\ld h be5 no m excitem5t1 & no m tr\ble to allay x1 ?an t :i* 0 ! consequ5ce ( ! introduction ( ! pres5t sy/em ( co]c$ & uncomp5sat$ labor4 ,! relations ( society w\ld h be5 fix$ ^u a p]man5t basis1 & ! two ord]s w\ld n h be5 plac$ 9 t situation ( jeal\sy & suspicion :i* _! pres5t anomal\s condition has be5 ! baneful means ( creat+4 ,i am conv9c$ !re nev] 0 any s]i\s al>m ab\t ! consequ5ces ( imm$iate emancipation among ^? :o 7 acqua9t$ ) ! peasantry ( ,jamaica4 ,! fe>s ( ! morbidly humane 7 purposely excit$ to increase ! am\nt ( comp5sation1 or to l5g!n ! duration ( ! appr5tice%ip2 & ! daily ridicul\s & untru?ful /atem5ts t are made by ! vitiat$ portion ( ! ,jamaica press1 ( ! indol5ce ( ! appr5tices1 _! dis9cl9ation to "w 9 _! own "t1 & ! great increase ( crime1 are purposely & insidi\sly put =w>d to prev5t ! fact ( ! indu/ry1 & decorum1 & def]5ce to ! law1 ( ! p1 & ! prosp]\s condition ( ! e/ates1 appe>+ 9 too prom95t a light1 le/ ! fri5ds ( humanity1 & ! advocates = ! equal rights ( m51 %\ld be enc\rag$ to agitate = ! de/ruction ( a sy/em :i*1 9 its g5]al op]ation1 has reta9$ _m ( ! wor/ features ( slav]y1 p]petuat$ _m gross infr+em5ts ( ! social & dome/ic rights ( ! work+ classes2 & :i*1 in/ead ( work+ out ! b5evol5t int5tion ( ! imp]ial legislature1 by aid+ & enc\rag+ ! expansion ( intellect1 & supply+ motives = ! p]man5t good conduct ( ! appr5tices1 9 its t]m9ation1 has1 ,i fe>1 ret>d$ ! rapidity ) :i* civilization w\ld h advanc$1 & s[n ! se$s ( a feel+ m bitt] ?an t :i* slav]y1 ) all its abom9ations1 _h eng5d]$4 ,i am1 de> sirs1 y\r v fai?ful s]vant1 ,,edmund ,b4 ,,lyon1 ,special ,ju/ice4 ,extract f a communication :i* we receiv$ f ,wm4 ,h5ry ,&]son1 ,esq41 ( ,k+/on1 ! ,solicitor-,g5]al = ,jamaica4 ,! /aples ( ! isl& mu/ be cultivat$ aft] #ahdj z n[1 because if n1 ! negroes c\ld n obta9 ! com=ts or luxuries1 ( :i* !y are und\bt$ly v desir\s1 f cultivation ( _! gr\nds4 ,! fruits & roots necess>y = ! public m>kets are already suppli$ 9 pr(usion at tol]ably mod]ate prices3 if ! supply 7 greatly increas$1 ! prices c\ld n be remun]ative4 ,!re is no way 9 :i* !y c s readily z by labor = wages1 obta9 money1 & !re=e ,i hold t !re mu/ ev] be an adequate supply ( labor 9 ! m>ket4 ,! negroes are 9 my op9ion v acute 9 _! p]ceptions ( "r & wrong1 ju/ice & inju/ice1 & appreciate fully ! b5efits ( equitable legislation1 & w\ld unres]v$ly submit to x :]e !y felt confid5ce 9 ! purity ( its adm9i/ration4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ likelihood ( rebellion on ! "p ( ! negroes aft] #ahdj1 unless "s unrighte\s attempts be made to keep up ! helotism ( ! class by enactm5ts ( p>tial laws4 ,!y c\ld h no int]e/ 9 rebellion1 !y c\ld ga9 no?+ by x2 & might lose e ?+2 nor d ,i ?9k !y dream ( su* a ?+4 ,!y are ard5tly atta*$ to ! ,briti% gov]nm5t1 & w\ld be s to ! colonial gov]nm5t1 7 x to indicate by its enactm5ts any purposes ( k9dness or protection t[>ds !m4 ,hi!rto ! scope ( its legislation has be51 9 ref]5ce to !m1 almo/ exclusively co]cive2 c]ta9ly !re h be5 no enactm5ts ( a t5d5cy to conciliate _! good w or atta*m5t4 ,! negroes are mu* desir\s ( education & religi\s in/ruction3 no "o :o has att5d$ to ! matt] c ga9say t4 ,=m]ly m>riage 0 unkn[n among/ !m2 !y 7 9 fact only reg>d$ by _! ma/]s1 & ,i fe> by !mselves too1 z s _m brutes = labor1 & = increase4 ,n[ !y seek ! b5efits ( ! social in/itution ( m>riage & its tra9 ( hall[$ relation%ips3 concub9age is becom+ q disreputable2 _m are seek+ to repair _! conduct by m>riage to _! =m] p>tn]s1 & no "o 9 any rank ( life w\ld be h>dy en\gh to express disapprobation ( ^? :o h done or may d s4 ,,wm4 ,,h5ry ,,&]son4 ,k+/on1 ,jamaica1 #bd? ,april1 #ahcg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ communication is ! mon?ly report = ,m>*1 #ahcg1 ( ,major ,j4,b4 ,col?ur/1 special ju/ice = ,di/rict ,a41 ,rural ,division1 ,b>badoes4 ,! g5]al conduct ( ! appr5tices s9ce my la/ report has be5 excell5t1 consid]+ t great] dem&s h be5 made ^u _! labor at ?is mom5t to save p]haps ! f9e/ crop ( canes ev] gr[n 9 ! isl&4 ,^u ! l>ge e/ates g5]ally ! be/ feel+ exi/s1 because !y are 9 ?ree cases out ( f\r conduct$ by ei!r ! proprietors !mselves1 or attorneys & manag]s ( s5se & consid]ation4 ,"h all ?+s g on well2 ! p are well provid$ & com=table1 & !re=e ! be/ possible und]/&+ prevails4 ,! appr5tices 9 my di/rict p]=m _! "w mo/ will+ly1 :5ev] ! imm$iate manag] is a man ( s5se & humanity4 ,if ?is is n ! case1 ! effect is soon se51 & compla9ts beg9 to be made4 ,misund]/&+s are usually conf9$ to ! small] e/ates1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! neighborhood ( ,bridget[n1 :]e ! lots are v small1 & ! appr5tice population ( a less rural description1 & m or less also corrupt$ by daily int]c\rse ) ! t[n4 ,! work+ h\rs mo/ g5]ally 9 use 9 my di/rict are z foll[s3 ,on mo/ e/ates1 ! appr5tices "w f six to n9e1 breakfa/2 f t5 to "o1 d9n]--re/2 f ?ree to six1 "w4 ,x is almo/ ! con/ant practice ( ! appr5tices1 p>ticul>ly ! pra$ials or rural portion1 to "w 9 _! own "t = money wages1 at ! rate ( a qu>t] doll> a day4 ,!y sometimes "w also dur+ ^? p]iods 9 _! little g>d5s r\nd _! negro h\ses1 & :i* !y mo/ g5]ally enjoy )\t *>ge1 or 9 ! l& !y obta9 9 lieu ( all[ance1 !y seem ,,always well pleas$ to be fully employ$ at free labor1 & "w1 :5 s employ$1 exce$+ly well4 ,i "k a small e/ate1 work$ exclusively on ?is sy/em4 ,x is 9 excell5t ord]1 & ! proprietor tells me 8 pr(its are great] ?an !y w\ld be "u ! appr5tice%ip4 ,he is a s5sible & correct man1 & ,i !re=e rely ^u 8 in=mation4 ,dur+ ! hurry always att5dant on ! sav+ ( ! crop1 ! appr5tices are g5]ally hir$ 9 _! own "t ^u _! respective e/ates at ! above rate1 & :i* !y seldom refuse4 ,no hesitation g5]ally occurs 9 ?is or any o!r matt]1 :5ev] ! employ] dis*>ges 8 duty by !m 9 a /eady & consid]ate mann]4 ,! att5dance at *ur* ?r\gh\t my di/rict is mo/ respectable2 b ! accommodation1 ei!r 9 ?is respect or z reg>ds s*ools1 is by no means adequate to ! wants ( ! p4 ,! appr5tices conduct !mselves dur+ div9e s]vice 9 ! mo/ correct mann]1 & x is mo/ gratify+ to p]ceive1 t only v little ex]tion1 inde$1 w\ld be requir$ to r5d] !m excell5t memb]s ( society4 ,?is fact is fully prov$ by ! ord]ly situation ( a few e/ates 9 my di/rict1 t h _h ! opportunity ( receiv+ "s moral & religi\s in/ruction4 ,!re are sixty-f\r e/ates 9 my di/rict ov] tw5ty-five acres4 ,^u f\r ( ^? plantations :]e ! appr5tices h be5 ?us taught1 !re are a great] numb] ( m>ri$ c\ples 7:i* may be consid]$ a fair te/7 ?an ^u ! rema9+ sixty4 ,i sc>cely ev] h a compla9t f ^! f\r e/ates1 & !y are g5]ally report$ to be 9 a mo/ ord]ly /ate4 ,9 ! memory ( ! olde/ inhabitant1 ! isl& has nev] produc$ a f9] crop ( canes ?an t n[ 9 ! c\rse ( manufacture4 ,all o!r crops are luxuriant1 & ! plantations 9 a high /ate ( agricultural cleanl9ess4 ,! season has be5 v favorable4 ,"u ! head ( g5]al inquiry1 ,i beg leave to (f] a few rem>ks4 ,i h n[ great pleasure 9 hav+ x 9 my p[] to /ate1 t a manife/ *ange = ! bett] has tak5 place gradually 9 my di/rict )9 ! la/ few mon?s4 ,asp]ities seem to be giv+ way to calm discussion1 & ! laws are bett] und]/ood & obey$4 ,x is said 9 o!r colonies z well z "h1 t !re has be51 & /ill cont9ues to be1 a great want ( natural affection among ! negro p>5ts = _! *ildr51 & t great mortality among ! free *ildr5 has occurr$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,?is op9ion1 ,i und]/&1 has be5 lately express$ 9 confid5t t]ms by ! legislature ( ,/4 ,v9c5t's1 :i* has be5 fully & satisfactorily contradict$ by ! reports ( ! special ju/ices to ! lieut5ant-gov]nor4 ,! same ass]tion has be5 made by individuals to myself4 ,z reg>ds ,b>badoes1 ,i h sp>$ no pa9s to discov] :e!r su* /atem5ts 7 facts1 & ,i n[ am happy to say1 t n a s+le in/ance ( unnatural conduct on ! "p ( ! negro p>5ts to _! *ildr5 has come to my k--f>1 p]haps too f>1 ! contr>y is ! case2 ov] indulg5ce & pett+ !m seems 9 my judgm5t to be ! only matt] ! p>5ts c be1 ) any ju/ice1 accus$ (4 ,!y exhibit _! fondness 9 a ?\s& ways4 ,contra/+ ! actual conduct ( ! negro p>5ts ) ! ass]tions ( ! plant]s1 x is impossible n to inf] t "s bitt]ness is felt by ! latt] on ! score ( _! lo/ au?ority4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 reaction is ! natural consequ5ce1 & ?us misund]/&+s & compla9ts ensue4 ,! l ass]tions are made ) respect to ! dis9cl9ation ( ! p>5ts to s5d _! *ildr5 to s*ool4 ,?is c]ta9ly does exi/ to a c]ta9 ext5t1 p>ticul>ly to s*ools :]e ! "u classes ( :ites are taught1 :o (t5 treat ! negro *ildr5 9 a mo/ imp]i\s & ho/ile mann]4 ,z "s pro( t no decid$ objection exi/s 9 ! negro to educate 8 *ildr51 a va/ numb] ( ! appr5tices ( my di/rict s5d !m to s*ool1 & take pride 9 pay+ a bit a week ea* = !m--a qu>t] doll> entrance & a qu>t] doll> = ea* vacation4 ,^? s*ools are almo/ always conduct$ by a black man & 8 m>ri$ wife4 ,h[ev]1 !y are well att5d$1 b are v few 9 numb]4 ,to %[ t ! appr5tices fully e/imate ! bless+s ( education1 _m females hire _! appr5tice *ildr5 at a qu>t] doll> a week f _! ma/]s1 = ! express purpose ( s5d+ !m to s*ool4 ,?is proves ! possibility ( a volunt>y sy/em ( education succe$+1 provid$ x 0 prec$$ by full & satisfactory explanation to ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,i h also little d\bt t labor to ! ext5t ,i speak (1 may be successfully introduc$ :5 ! appr5tices become assur$ t no?+ b ! ultimate welf>e ( !mselves & *ildr5 is int5d$2 b s suspici\s are !y f habit1 &1 z ,i said be=e1 s pr(\ndly ignorant ( :at may 9 tru? & s9c]ity be meant only = _! b5efit1 t x w require great caution & delicacy on ! occasion4 ,^? suspicions h n be5 matur$ 9 ! negroes m9d )\t cause--! :ole hi/ory ( slav]y proves x4 ,su* suspicions are ev5 n[ only rel9qui%$ "u d\bts & appreh5sions2 !re=e1 all new & mat]ial po9ts1 to be c>ri$ successfully ) !m1 %\ld be propos$ to !m ^u ! mo/ lib]al & op5 gr\nds4 ,j4,b4 ,,col?ur/1 ,special ,ju/ice ,peace1 ,di/rict ,a1 ,rural ,division4 99 99 99 99 99 ,g5]al return ( ! imports & exports ( ! isl& ( ,b>badoes1 dur+ a s]ies ( ye>s--furni%$ by ! ,cu/om-h\se (fic] at ,bridget[n4 4 s1 d4 #ahcb #dha1faj #f #c #ahcc #dfb1acb #ad #d #ahcd #ddi1afi #ab #d #ahce #eie1ifa #ac #b #ahcf #fbb1abh #ai #aa ,,imports ,,( ,,lumb]4 ,feet4 ,%+les4 #ahcc #e1bij1jhf #e1eih1ieh #ahcd #e1gjh1did #e1ejf1fdf #ahce #e1gid1eif #d1bhi1jbe #ahcf #g1aif1ahi #g1jcg1dfb ,,imports ,,( ,,provisions4 ,fl\r4 ,corn ,meal4 ,y'rs4 bbls4 #a_/b bbls4 bu%4 bbls4 ----------------------------------- #ahcc #ba1ece #cig #fbi #bfe #ahcd #cd1aia #hfe #afge #aehj #ahce #cb1cic #hbh #afj #hji #ahcf #da1ige #dcc #hbc #aabc ----------------------------------- ,bread & ,biscuits4 ,oats ,corn4 ,y'rs4 hds4 bbls4#a_/b bbls4kegs4bags4 bags4 qrs4 ---------------------------------------- ------ #ahcc #di #badf #cj #dcj #ej #ahcd #dja #hefa #ii #eg #ajj #ajbe #ahce #bjbd #ajgfb #biac #cacd #ahcf #d #djdh #ajeh #hafh #caai ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,imports ,,( ,,cattle1 ,,etc4 ,cattle4 ,horses4 ,mules4 #ahcc #fdi #dfb #fe #ahcd #edi #gbh #bd #ahce #efi #ajdg #dc #ahcf #ajac #acde #ajd ,,return ,,( ,,exports--,,sug>4 hhds4 trcs4 bbls4 #ahcb #ah1hjd #abgh #hch #ahcc #bg1jae #aeje #fea #ahcd #bg1eic #adfd #ajhc #ahce #bd1cji #adag #ich #ahcf #be1jfj #agif #hjd 99 99 99 99 99 ,,valuations ,,( ,,appr5tices ,,9 ,,jamaica4 ,f ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 to #ca/ ( ,may1 #ahcf1 #iih appr5tices pur*as$ _! fre$om by valuation1 & paid #cc1iih4 ,f #ca/ ,may1 #ahcf1 to #a/ ,novemb]1 9 ! same ye>1 #ehb appr5tices pur*as$ !mselves1 & paid #ah1bag--mak+1 9 all1 #eb1baf--;a prodigi\s sum to be furni%$ by ! negroes 9 two ye>s4 ,f ! above /atem5t x appe>s t ! desire to be free is daily becom+ m g5]al & m int5se1 & t ! price ( lib]ty rema9s ! same1 al?\gh ! t]m ( appr5tice%ip is decreas+4 ,! am\nt paid by ! appr5tices is a pro( ( ! ext5t ( ! ex]tions & sacrifices !y are will+ to make = fre$om1 :i* c sc>cely be appreciat$ by ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! disadvantages ( _! previ\s condition4 ,! negroes frequ5tly raise ! money by loans to pur*ase _! fre$om1 & !y are scrupul\s 9 repay+ money l5t !m = t purpose4 ,! above is extract$ f ! ,we/ ,indies 9 #ahcg1 an ,engli% "w by ,messrs4 ,/urge & ,h>vey1 page #hf1 ,app5dix4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we ins]t ! foll[+ tabul> view ( ! crops 9 ,jamaica = a s]ies ( ye>s prec$+ #ahcg4--;,z ! table & ,rem>ks app5d$ 7 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,/4 ,jago ,gazette1 a decid$ pro-slav]y pap]1 we ins]t1 9 connection ) !m1 ! rem>ks ( ! ,jamaica ,wat*man1 publi%$ at ,k+/on1 & an article on ! pres5t condition ( slav]y1 f ! ,telegraph1 publi%$ at ,spani%t[n1 ! seat ( ! colonial gov]nm5t4 ,a ,,g5]al ,,return ,,( ,,exports ,f ! isl& ( ,jamaica1 = #ec ye>s1 end+ #ca/ ,decemb]1 #ahcf--;copi$ f ! ,j\rnals ( ! ,h\se4 4 d ,,mo- e ,,sug> ,,rum ,,las ,,g+] t ,,ses r o s s s p d n d x a s s o a s ,e e e l e e l h c e h h s e s s r s r r c s k r k k s a g e r n g s r s s g e o i a u o a a a a a ,y ,h ,t ,b ,p ,h ,c ,b ,c ,c ,b #aggb #fi1dea #i1icf #bgj #aggc #gb1iifaa1dec #hdi #aggd #fi1egi #i1bej #bgh #agge #ge1bia #i1jij #dbe #aggf #aghh #hc1jcf #i1befa1jfc #aghi #hd1afgaj1jgha1jgg #agij #hd1gda #i1bhda1eii #agia #he1ddg #h1jcga1gah #agib #agic #gg1ege #f1gbb #fdbcd1gee #hgi #fb #h1fje #agid #hi1ecbaa1aeha1bbdci1hdca1egj #abaaj1cje #agie #hh1hea #i1ecga1bbecg1fhda1dge #dbfad1hfa #agif #hi1baiaj1gjj #hehdj1haja1cfd #fijbj1bge #agig #gh1cgc #i1ifc #gecbh1jada1dfc #beibi1jih #agih #hg1hifaa1gbea1afcdj1hbcb1bcd #aaiah1ded #agiiaja1degac1echa1cbacg1jbba1iha #bbaaj1ceh #ahjj #if1cdgac1edia1fcacg1affa1cej #ddd #c1ehf #ahjaabc1beaah1gjdb1fibdh1hgia1ead #ab #bci #ahjbabi1eddae1djcb1djcde1fcbb1jgc #dgc #bjecff #bc #b1jgi #ahjcajg1chgaa1hbea1gigdc1biha1daf #dfa #ea #c1bhg #ahjdajc1cebab1hjbb1bjgdb1bjg #iac #dbia1jid #a1hed #ahjeacg1ijfag1iggc1fhiec1baaa1cbh #acc #afgdga #cae #b1abh #ahjfacc1iifah1bcgc1egieh1aiaa1agh #dii #dhe #a1hah #ahjgabc1ageag1cddc1gafea1haba1iih #fii #eab #a1daa #ahjhaba1dddae1hcfb1fbeeb1djib1aif #cgi #dcf #a1dgj #ahjiajd1degad1eifc1ecddc1dibb1gag #bcjb1cba #egb #ahajajh1gjc #d1efjc1gaidb1ceca1ifd #bic #ebj #a1hha #ahaaabg1geaae1bcec1jdfed1jicb1jaa #ddfa1aaj #b1jgb #ahabaje1bhcaa1cegb1eehdc1cdfa1eca #aea #hjd #a1bce #ahac #ig1edhaj1jbib1cjddd1faha1cde #chb #hgdbjh #haf #a1dbh #ahadaja1hdfaj1dheb1egedc1dhfa1eea #bjba1adfade #hhd #a1ffh #ahaeaah1gfgab1bbdb1hageb1iifa1dfe #egda1cihbdba1dic #a1ffg #ahaf #ic1hha #i1ccbb1bcfce1gcf #gfi #bha #ijcaffb1ced #a1aah #ahagaaf1jabaa1jidb1hfhdg1idia1jid #bjc #iafbedc1cfa #a1aie #ahahaac1hahaa1chhb1ghfej1aiea1ajh #aba #aiadjgb1ebf #a1jfg #ahaiajh1cjeaa1dejc1bdddc1idfa1fie #fjba1eehbeca1gad #gah #ahbjaae1jfeaa1cbbb1dgdde1cfaa1ghc #ajf #dfjbeba1aei #caf #ahbaaaa1eabaa1gjca1igbdf1hjba1gic #aec #ecdafg #ihd #bgd #ahbb #hh1eea #h1gjea1bibbh1gbha1abd #i #ddbadd #hia #gb #ahbc #id1ije #i1agia1idgce1bdba1ice #bj #aahfada1jda #fj #ahbd #ii1bbe #i1feab1giacg1abac1bfa #e #fdiajb1bcj #eb #ahbe #gc1hac #g1chjb1hehbg1fcjb1jgg #aja #baehidc1idg #cdh #ahbf #ii1igh #i1eadc1abfce1fajc1jiha1heb #edie1gbd #eag #ahbg #hb1jif #g1dceb1ggjca1hdjb1fgba1egc #bjdd1hga #bdj #ahbh #id1iab #i1dbhc1jbdcf1eheb1gica1jac #ahie1chb #bgi #ahbi #ia1cfd #i1aicc1bjdcf1bheb1jji #efc #ffd1aja #afh #ahcj #ic1hhb #h1gcic1fdecc1ceeb1fega1cfg #aedc1did #ae #ahca #hh1dji #i1jecc1dibcd1gdcb1hdf #ihb #bcjc1bbd #bb #ahcb #ia1dec #i1ihgd1fjjcb1jfjb1egja1cfb #giid1gjb #ch #ahcc #gh1cge #i1cbed1jgdcc1baec1jcd #igg #geed1hah #bc #ahcd #gg1hja #i1hfjc1jeecj1dieb1ehha1bhh #dhfe1ibe #aaf #ahce #ga1jag #h1hdjh1deebf1dcca1hbj #gdg #cjjc1ihe #dhf #ahcf #fa1fdd #g1gjgb1digai1ich #hgd #fdf #ahbe1bbd #fi 4 d e ,,pim5to ,,c(fee t r o p x ,,rem>ks ,e s s d r k s n a s g u e a a o ,y ,c ,b ,p #aggb #hda1eeh #aggc #ggi1cjc #aggd #gci1jci #agge #dic1iha #aggf #aghh #a1jce1cfh #aghi #a1dic1bhb #agij #a1ghc1gdj #agia #b1bii1hgd ,augu/--,de/ruction ( #agib ,santo ,dom+o4 #agic #dbj #i1ajh #c1ihc1egf #agid #eedbb1aec #d1iaa1edi #agie #iegbj1dea #f1cah1hab #agif #acf #i1hbj #g1bjc1eci #agig #cbh #b1ice #g1hfi1acc #agih #a1aha #h1ifa #g1hid1cjf #agii #a1gffbh1bgcaa1gde1dbe ,b\rbon cane introduc$4 #ahjj #fajab1geiaa1aaf1dgd #ahja #fdhad1jhdac1dja1dfh #ahjb #eia #g1gicag1ifa1ibc #ahjc #hfgad1hgeae1hff1bia #ahjd #a1dagai1egbbb1jfc1ihj #ahje #bhh #g1aegba1acg1cic ,l>ge/ sug> crop4 #ahjf #a1jidai1ecdbi1bih1jcf #ahjg #ebeai1bbdbf1gfa1ahh ,m>* #be?1 abolition ( #ahjh #bbe #f1ebibi1ebh1bgc ,african slave trade4 #ahjiba1jbb #a1aggbe1ehf1ffh #ahaj #d1bgfba1afcbe1hhe1bhe #ahaa #fchbb1jgdag1dfj1jfh #ahab #eih #g1gghah1dha1ihf #ahac #a1abdad1cfabd1fbc1egb ,/orm 9 ,octob]1 #ahab #ahad #cidaj1gaacd1jde1ehe ,l>ge/ c(fee crop4 #ahae #hddbg1chfbg1cfb1gdb #ahaf #heabh1jdgag1bhi1cic ,/orm 9 ,octob]1 #ahae #ahag #idfae1hagad1gic1gjf #ahah #idaba1jgabe1cbi1def #ahai #hhbbd1ejjad1jia1ihc #ahbj #fgcab1hhjbb1abg1ddd #ahba #a1bbdbd1hbgaf1hai1gfa #ahbb #fiiah1fgbai1ggc1iab ,extreme dr\ght4 #ahbc #a1hidba1dhabj1cbf1dde ,mr4 ,cann+'s resolutions #ahbd #eiicc1cjfbg1ffg1bci relative to slav]y4 #ahbe #ecgbj1igiba1bed1fef #ahbf #ebbaf1dccbj1ceb1hhf ,sev]e dr\ght 9 #ahbd1 ! previ\s ye>4 #ahbg #c1bcfbf1fiabe1gda1ebj #ahbh #d1jjcbe1cebbb1baf1ghj #ahbi #c1gccdh1iccbb1bcd1fdj #ahcj #e1fjicg1ibebb1bef1iej #ahca #b1hddbb1agjad1jee1cej #ahcb #c1gcfbg1icfai1hae1jaj #ahcc #g1gdaeh1eha #i1hff1jfj ,emancipation act pass$4 #ahcd #difbi1cjaag1gbe1gca ,seasons favorable4 #ahce #a1aaeei1jccaj1eic1jah d4 #ahcf #bbgdf1ggiac1ddf1jec d4 ,! foll[+ are ! rem>ks ( ! editor ( ! ,jamaica ,wat*man1 on ! =ego+1 9 8 pap] ( ,april #h1 #ahcg3-- ,a g5]al return ( exports f ! isl& = fifty-?ree ye>s1 end+ ! #ca/ ,decemb] la/1 & purport+ to be extract$ f ! j\rnals ( ! assembly1 has be5 publi%$1 & z usual1 ! decrease 9 ! crops ( ! respective ye>s has be5 attribut$ to ! resolutions pass$ by ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,commons 9 #ahbc1 & ! abolition ( slav]y 9 #ahcc4 ,x is rem>kable t 9 prep>+ ?is table1 a manife/ disposition is ev9c$ to acc\nt = ! fall+ (f ( ! crops 9 c]ta9 ye>s ant]ior1 & subsequ5t to ! pass+ ( ,mr4 ,cann+'s memorable resolution1 :il/ opposite to ! ye>s #ahcd & #ahce1 is writt5 seasons favorable4 ,9 #ahac1 ! sug> crop fell (f #h1jjj hhds4 comp>$ ) ! previ\s ye>1 & we are told 9 ref]5ce to ?is circum/ance1 t !re 0 a /orm 9 ,octob]1 #ahab4 ,?is rem>k is evid5tly made to acc\nt = ! decrease1 & p]haps ! /orm at ! close ( ! previ\s ye> 0 ! cause ( x4 ,b x is a/oni%+1 & ! circum/ance is wor?y ( notice1 t :il/ ! sug> crop fell (f ne>ly #h1jjj hhds4 ! c(fee crop increas$ ne>ly six millions ( p\nds4 ,we %\ld h suppos$ t ! c(fee trees w\ld h suff]$ m f ! effects ( a /orm1 ?an ! canes4 ,h[ev]1 ! effect 0 z we h /at$ x1 :atev] might h be5 ! cause4 ,9 #ahad1 ! l>ge/ c(fee crop 0 made4 ,aga91 9 #ahaf1 !re 0 a decrease 9 ! sug> crop comp>$ ) ! ye> imm$iately prec$+ x ( ne>ly #be1jjj hhds4 ,& "h we h ! /orm ( ,octob]1 #ahae1 assign$ z a reason4 ,! c(fee crop 9 ?is in/ance also fell (f ne>ly t5 millions ( p\nds4 ,9 #ahbb1 ! sug> crop 0 r$uc$ #bc1jjj hhds41 & ! c(fee crop increas$ ?ree millions ( p\nds4 ,! reason n[ assign$ is an extreme dr\ght4 ,! celebrat$ resolutions relative to slav]y n[ appe> to beg9 to ex]cise _! baneful influ5ce on ! seasons & ! soil ( our isl&4 ,9 ! ye> 9 :i* !y 7 pass$1 #ahbc1 #id1ijj hog%eads ( sug> 7 made1 & tw5ty millions ( p\nds ( c(fee ga!r$4 #ahbd came1 & ! crop1 in/ead ( be+ r$uc$1 0 increas$ f ne>ly #ie1jjj hog%eads to upw>ds ( #ii1jjj hog%eads4 ,! c(fee crop 0 also great] by sev5 millions ( p\nds4 ,9 #ahbe1 !y fall (f to #gc1hfj hog%eads & tw5ty-"o millions4 ,9 #ahbf1 ! sug> crop r exce$$ t ( #ahbd1 b ! c(fee crop 0 sev5 millions less4 ,9 #ahbg1 f causes n kn[n to u1 = none 7 assign$1 !re 0 a diff]5ce ( #af1jjj hhds4 ( sug>1 & an increase ( five millions ( p\nds ( c(fee4 #ahbh1 #bi1 & #cj1 7 pretty ne>ly alike 9 sug> & c(fee crops1 & ab\t equal to #ahbc4 ,! crops ( #ahca fell (f f #ic to #hh1jjj hog%eads ( sug>1 & f #bb to #ad millions ( p\nds ( c(fee4 ,no reason is assign$ = ?is r$uction4 ,x 0 dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! driv+ sy/em1 & !re=e no blame c atta* to ! manag]s4 ,9 #ahcb1 ! crop rose to #ia1jjj hog%eads ( sug>1 & ne>ly tw5ty millions ( p\nds ( c(fee4 ,b #ahcc comes1 &1 ) x1 fre% tr\bles = ! plant]s4 ,9 t ill-fat$ ye>1 !re 0 a decrease ( #ac1jjj hog%eads sug>1 & ( t5 millions ( p\nds ( c(fee4 ,its sug> crop 0 ! smalle/ made1 ) ! exception ( t ( #ahbe1 s9ce #agic1 & its c(fee crop s9ce t ( #agih4 ,b if ?is det]m9ation be al>m+1 :at mu/ be t ( ! succe$+ ye>s4 ,c we be blam$1 if1 9 a /ra9 truly la*rymal1 we allude to ! d$uctions :i* h annually be5 made f ! mis]able return :i* #ahcc gave to ! un=tunate proprietors ( e/ates8 ,:at boots x to tell u t we h f+]$ ?\s&s ( p\nds /]l+1 9 ! %ape ( comp5sation3 & :at consolation is x to "k1 t a hog%ead ( sug> w n[ br+ ?irty p\nds1 :i*1 a %ort "t ago1 0 only wor? twelve4 ,let any unprejudic$ individual look at ! return n[ be=e u1 & say :e!r our prospects are n deplorably dull & obscure4 ,if we take ! f\r ye>s imm$iately prec$+ ! pass+ ( ,mr4 ,cann+'s resolutions1 say #ahai1 #bj1 #ba1 & #bb2 we w f9d ! av]age to be #aje1heh hog%eads1 & if f ?is we ev5 d$uct "o f\r? = ! "t n[ lo/1 !re w be an av]age crop ( #gi1cid hhds41 be+ #g1ahe hog%eads m]e ?an ! av]age ( #ahcc1 #cd1 #ce1 & #cf2 & no "o w d5y t ?is fall+ (f ( "o t5?1 7suppos+ t ! hog%eads made dur+ ! la/ f\r ye>s are n l>g] ?an ^? ( #ahai to #ahbb7 is ne>ly1 if n q equal to ! increase ( price1 f twelve to ?irty p\nds1 or "o hundr$ & fifty p] c5t4 ,x is true "s p]sons may be dispos$ to take ! f\r ye>s subsequ5t to ! pass+ ( ,mr4 ,cann+'s resolutions1 say #ahbc1 #d1 #e1 & #f1 & comp>e !m ) ! f\r ye>s end+ #ca/ ,decemb] la/4 ,%\ld ?is be done1 x w be f\nd t ! av]age crop ( ! previ\s f\r ye>s is #ia1ihj hhds41 & if f x is d$uct$ "o f\r?1 !re w rema9 #fh1ihe hhds41 :il/ ! av]age ( ! o!r f\r ye>s is #gb1bjj hhds4 ,su* a mode ( comp>ison mu/1 h[ev]1 be obvi\sly incorrect2 because1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,mr4 ,cann+'s resolutions _h r$uc$ ! crops ( ^? ye>s consid]ably bel[ ! av]age ( ! ye>s imm$iately prec$+ !m1 & next1 because x w\ld %[ ! advantage to be on ! side ( fre$om 9 ! ratio ( sev5ty-two to sixty-n9e1 :i* _c be correct4 ,besides1 9 #ahbd1 !re 0 a sev]e dr\ght1 :]eas 9 #ahcd & #ce ! seasons are report$ z be+ favorable4 ,aga91 x is necess>y1 9 in/itut+ su* an inquiry1 to g back m ?an f\rte5 ye>s2 nor is x a valid objection to ?is to say1 t ev5 dur+ t p]iod a numb] ( e/ates h be5 ?r[n out ( cultivation1 9 consequ5ce ( be+ worn out & unpr(itable4 ,deplorable1 h[ev]1 z is ! fall+ (f 9 ! ye>ly am\nts ( our /aple productions1 :i* h decreas$1 g5tle read]1 accord+ to ! despat*1 9 an accel]at$ ratio )9 ! la/ few ye>s1 till 9 ! ye> #ahcf1 :5 !y d n av]age "o half ! returns ( =m] ye>s prec$+ t ( #ahbc1 ! ye> t ,mr4 ,cann+'s resolutions = ! ultimate abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,briti% colonies pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 /ill x is a matt] ( s9c]e gratification to "k1 t ! sug> plant]s are bett] (f n[ ?an !y h be5 = ! la/ f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s4 ,) ! comp5sation money a great _m ( !m h be5 enabl$ to pay (f _! ,engli% debts1 & ! rema9d] v consid]ably to r$uce !m1 :il/ ! r$uction 9 ! quantity ( sug> produc$1 has occasion$ su* a rise 9 ! price ( t article z w place ! =m] 9 easy circum/ances1 & enable ! latt] entirely to free !mselves f ! trammels ( ,engli% mortgagees1 & ! t5d] m]cies ( ,engli% mortgagees be=e ! #a/ ,augu/1 #ahdj1 arrives4 ,& ought ^! p>ties n to be ?ankful8 ,unque/ionably !y ought4 ,+ratitude1 we are told1 is z ! s9 ( wit*craft1 & al?\gh ! table ( exports exhibits our fair isl& z ha/5+ to a /ate ( ru91 & ! despat* tells u t by ! unit$ influ5ce ( mock philan?ropy1 religi\s cant1 & humbug1 a re=m$ p>liam5t 0 =c$ to precipitate ! slav]y spoliation act "u ! speci\s pretext ( promot+ ! indu/ry & improv+ ! condition ( ! manumitt$ slaves1 /ill we ma9ta91 & ! reasonable w agree ) u1 t we are mu* bett] (f n[ ?an we h be5 = a long "t1 & t ,jamaica's brighte/ & happie/ days h n yet dawn$4 ,let ! croak]s rememb] ! rem>kable words ( ! ,tory ,"l1 ,belmore1 ! plant]'s fri5d1 & be sil5t--,! res\rces ( ?is f9e isl& w nev] be fully develop$ until slav]y ceases4 ,! happ9ess & prosp]ity ( ! inhabitants ( ,jamaica are n cont+5t1 nor ne$ !y be1 ^u ! numb] ( hog%eads ( sug> annually export$ f h] %ores4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ! =ego+ we add ! rem>ks ( ! editor ( ! ,spani%t[n ,telegraph1 on ! pres5t /ate ( ! colony1 made 9 8 pap] ( ,may #i1 #ahcg3-- ,:5 x 0 und]/ood t ! isl& ( ,jamaica & ! o!r ,briti% ,we/ ,indian colonies 7 to und]go ! bless$ transition f slav]y to fre$om1 x 0 ! h\rly cry ( ! pro-slav]y p>ty & press1 t ! ru9 ( ,jamaica w\ld1 z a natural consequ5ce1 foll[ lib]ty6 ,comm]ce1 said !y1 w cease2 hordes ( b>b>ians w come ^u u & drive u f our own prop]ties2 agriculture w be completely p>alyz$2 & ,jamaica1 9 ! space ( a few %ort mon?s1 w be se5 buri$ 9 a%es--irretrievably ru9$4 ,su* 7 ! awful pr$ictions ( an unju/1 illib]al faction66 ,su* ! fir/ fruits t 7 to foll[ ! incomp>able bless+s ( lib]ty6 ,! /aple productions ( ! isl&1 x 0 va9ly surmis$1 c\ld nev] be cultivat$ )\t ! "n ( slav]y2 rebellions1 massacres1 />vation1 rap9e & blood%$1 danc$ ?r\gh ! columns ( ! lib]ty-hat+ pap]s1 9 mazes ( metaphorical confusion4 ,9 %ort1 ! "n ( fre$om 01 accord+ to _! ass]tions1 directly calculat$ to ov]?r[ our beautiful isl&1 & involve x 9 "o mass ( ru91 unequall$ 9 ! annals ( hi/ory66 ,b :at has be5 ! result8 ,all _! fe>ful =ebod+s & horrible pr$ictions h be5 entirely disprov$1 & in/ead ( lib]ty prov+ a curse1 %e has1 on ! contr>y1 unfold$ h] bann]s1 &1 ere long1 is likely to reign triumphant 9 our l&4 ,banks1 /eam companies1 railroads1 *>ity s*ools1 etc41 seem all to h rema9$ dormant until ! "t arriv$ :5 ,jamaica 0 to be envelop$ 9 smoke6 ,no man ?\ght ( haz>d+ 8 capital 9 an ext5sive bank+ e/abli%m5t until ,jamaica's ru91 by ! introduction ( fre$om1 _h be5 accompli%$66 ,no p]son 0 f\nd possess$ ( suffici5t en]gy to speak ( navigation companies 9 ,jamaica's brighte/ days ( slav]y2 b n[ t ru9 />es e "o 9 ! face--n[ t we h no long] ! p[] to treat out peasantry z we please1 !y h tak5 x into _! heads to e/abli% s excell5t an und]tak+4 ,railroads 7 n dreamt ( until d>l+ slav]y _h 79 a great measure7 dep>t$1 & n[1 :5 we ?\ght ( ?r[+ up our e/ates1 & fly+ f ! dang]s ( emancipation1 ! be/ projects are be+ set on foot1 & :at is wor/1 are likely to succe$6 ,?is is ! way t our ,jamaica folks1 no d\bt1 reason ) !mselves4 ,b ! reasons = ! delay :i* h tak5 place 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( all ^! valuable und]tak+s1 are too evid5t to require elucidation4 ,we behold ! ,despat* & ,*ronicle1 ass]t+ ! ru9 ( our isl&2 ! ov]?r[ ( all ord] & society2 & ) ! k ( all ?is1 !y speak ( ! pr(its likely to result f /eam navigation1 bank+ e/abli%m5ts1 & railroads6 ,:at 9 ! "n ( consci5ce1 c be ! use ( /eam-vessels :5 ,jamaica's ru9 is s fa/ approa*+8 ,:at are ! plant]s & m]*ants to %ip 9 /eam]s :5 ! appr5tices w n "w1 & !re is no?+ do+8 ,h[ is ! bank expect$ to advance money to ! plant]s1 :5 _! total de/ruction has be5 accompli%$ by ! abolition ( slav]y8 ,:at1 9 ! "n ( reason1 c be ! use ( railroads1 :5 comm]ce & agriculture h be5 nipp$ 9 ! bud1 by t baneful we$1 ,fre$om8 ,let ! unju/ p&]]s ( discord1 ! hat]s ( lib]ty1 answ]4 ,let !m consid] :at has all ?is "t ret>d$ ! developm5t ( ,jamaica's res\rces1 & !y w f9d t x 0 slav]y2 yes1 x 0 its v "n :i* prev5t$ ! idea ( und]tak+s su* z are be+ br\ght ab\t4 ,_h x n be5 = ! introduction ( fre$om 9 our l&2 _h ! cruel mon/]1 ,slav]y1 n p>tially disappe>$1 :5 w\ld we h se5 banks1 /eam]s1 or railroads8 ,no man ?\ght ( haz>d+ 8 capital 9 ! days ( slav]y1 b n[ t a new era has bur/ ^u u1 a complete *ange has tak5 possession ( ! he>ts ( all j m51 & !y ?9k ( improv+ ! bless+ ( fre$om by ! introduction ( o!r ?+s :i* mu/ ev] prove b5eficial to ! c\ntry4 ,! va/ improvem5ts t are e day be+ effect$ 9 ?is isl&1 & ?r\gh\t ! o!r colonies1 /amp ! ass]tions ( ! pro-slav]y p>ty z ! vile/ falsehoods4 ,!y glory 9 ! introduction ( banks1 /eam-vessels1 & railroads2 ) ! k 7z !y w\ld h u believe7 t ! isl& is fa/ v]g+ into de/ruction4 ,!y speak ( ! utility & success ( railroads1 :51 accord+ to _! %[+1 !re is no produce to be s5t to m>ket1 :5 agriculture has be5 p>alyz$1 & ,jamaica swept to de/ruction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ copi\s extracts f a spee* ( ,"l ,br\gham1 on ! work+s ( ! appr5tice%ip1 & on ! imm$iate emancipation sub/itut$ !re= 9 ,antigua & ! ,b]mudas1 are specially comm5d$ to ! notice ( ! read]4 ,! spee* 0 deliv]$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 ,feb4 #bj1 #ahch4 ,we take x f ! publi%$ report ( ! spee* 9 ! ,london ,times1 ( ,feb4 #be3-- ,i n[ mu/ approa* t subject :i* has "s "t excit$ almo/ univ]sal anxiety4 ,all[ me1 h[ev]1 fir/ to rem9d y\r lord%ips--because t goes to ! root ( ! evil--all[ me fir/ to rem9d y ( ! anxiety t exi/$ previ\s to ! ,emancipation ,act :i* 0 pass$ 9 ,janu>y1 #ahcc1 com+ into op]ation 9 ,augu/1 #ahcd4 ,my lords1 !re 0 mu* to appreh5d f ! "* ( ! ma/]s ( ! slaves4 ,i "k ! nature ( man4 99 99 99 99 ,i "k t he :o has abus$ p[] cl+s to x ) a yet m convulsive grasp4 ,i "k 8 rev5ge aga9/ ^? :o h be5 rescu$ f 8 tyrann\s fangs2 ,i "k t he nev] =gives ^? :om he has injur$1 :e!r :ite or black4 ,i h nev] yet met ) an un=giv+ enemy1 except 9 ! p]son ( "o ( ^: inju/ice ,i _h a "r to compla94 ,on ! "p ( ! slaves1 my lords1 ,i 0 n )\t anxiety2 = ,i "k ! corrupt nature ( ! degrad+ sy/em "u :i* !y groan$4 99 99 99 99 ,x 01 !re=e1 ,i confess1 my lords1 ) "s anxiety t ,i look$ =w>d to ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd2 & ,i yield$1 ?\gh reluctantly1 to ! plan ( an int]m$iate /ate be=e :at 0 call$ ! full enjoym5t ( fre$om--! transition condition ( ind5tur$ appr5tice%ip4 ,! fir/ ( ,augu/ arriv$--t day s confid5tly & joy\sly anticipat$ by ! poor slaves1 & s sorely dread$ by _! h>d taskma/]s--& if ev] !re 0 a picture int]e/+ to look ^u--if ev] !re 0 a passage 9 ! hi/ory ( a p r$\nd+ to _! et]nal honor--if ev] !re 0 a complete refutation ( all ! sc&al\s calumnies :i* _h be5 heap$ ^u !m = ages1 z if 9 ju/ification ( ! wrongs :i* we _h done !m--7,he>1 he>7--t picture & t passage are to be f\nd 9 ! uni=m & unv>y+ hi/ory ( t p ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! ,we/ ,india isl&s4 ,in/ead ( ! fires ( rebellion1 lit by a feel+ ( lawless rev5ge & resi/ance to oppression1 ! :ole ( ^? isl&s 71 l an ,arabian sc5e1 illum9at$ by ! light ( cont5tm5t1 joy1 peace1 & good-w t[>ds all m54 ,no civiliz$ p1 aft] ga9+ an unexpect$ victory1 c\ld h %[n m delicacy & =be>ance ?an 0 exhibit$ by ! slaves at ! great moral consummation :i* !y _h atta9$4 ,!re 0 n a look or a ge/ure :i* c\ld gall ! eyes ( _! ma/]s4 ,n a s\nd escap$ f negro lips :i* c\ld w\nd ! e>s ( ! mo/ fev]i% plant] 9 ! isl&s4 ,all 0 joy1 mutual congratulation1 & hope4 ,?is peaceful joy1 ?is delicacy t[>ds ! feel+s ( o!rs1 0 all t 0 to be se51 he>d1 or felt1 on t occasion1 ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ ,india isl&s4 ,x 0 held t ! day ( emancipation w\ld be "o ( riot & debau*]y1 & t ev5 ! lives ( ! plant]s w\ld be endang]$4 ,s f> f ?is prov+ ! case1 ! :ole ( ! negro population kept x z a mo/ sacr$ fe/ival1 & 9 ?is light ,i am conv9c$ x w ev] be view$4 ,9 "o isl&1 :]e ! b\nty ( nature seems to provoke ! appetite to indulg5ce1 & to scatt] ) a pr(use h& all ! means ( excitem5t1 ,i /ate ! fact :5 ,i say n "o drunk5 negro 0 f\nd dur+ ! :ole ( ! day4 ,no less ?an #hjj1jjj slaves 7 lib]at$ 9 t "o day1 & _! peaceful fe/ivity 0 di/urb$ only on "o e/ate1 9 "o p>i%1 by an irregul>ity :i* ?ree or f\r p]sons suffic$ to put d[n4 ,well1 my lords1 baffl$ 9 _! expectations t ! fir/ ( ,augu/ w\ld prove a day ( di/urbance--baffl$ also 9 ! expectation t no volunt>y labor w\ld be done--we 7 !n told by ! practical m51 to look =w>d to a lat] p]iod4 ,we h done s1 & :at h we se58 ,:y1 t f ! "t volunt>y labor began1 !re 0 no want ( m5 to "w = hire1 & t !re 0 no difficulty 9 gett+ ^? :o z appr5tices _h to give ! plant]s c]ta9 h\rs ( "w1 to ext5d1 ^u em]g5cy1 _! p]iod ( labor1 by hir+ out _! s]vices = wages to /rang]s4 ,i h ! au?ority ( my noble fri5d beh9d me1 7! ,m>quis ( ,sligo17 :o v p>ticul>ly1 inquir$ into ! matt]1 :5 ,i /ate t on n9e e/ates out ( t5 !re 0 no difficulty 9 obta9+ z mu* "w z ! own]s _h occasion =1 on ! paym5t ( wages4 ,h[ does all ?is contra/ ) ! pr$ictions ( ! practical m58 ,oh1 said !y1 9 #ahcc1 x is idle talk+2 ! c>t-:ip mu/ be us$--)\t t /imulant no negro w "w--! nature ( ! negro is idle & indol5t1 & )\t ! ?\ght ( ! c>t:ip is be=e 8 eyes he falls asleep--put ! c>t:ip aside & no labor w be done4 ,has ?is prov$ ! case8 ,no1 my lords1 x has n2 & :ile e abundance ( volunt>y labor has be5 f\nd1 9 no "o in/ance has ! /imulus ( ! c>t:ip be5 f\nd want+4 ,! appr5tices "w well )\t ! :ip1 & wages h be5 f\nd q z good a /imulus z ! sc\rge ev5 to negro indu/ry4 ,oh1 b x is said1 ?is may d 9 cotton plant+ & cotton pick+1 & indigo mak+2 b ! cane w cease to gr[1 ! op]ation ( hoe+ w be kn[n no m1 boil+ w cease to be practis$1 & sug>-mak+ w t]m9ate entirely4 ,_m1 ,i "k1 7 appall$ by ^! reason+s1 & ! hopes ( _m 7 dissipat$ by ^! confid5t pr$ictions ( ^! s-deem$ exp]i5c$ m54 ,b h[ /&s ! case n[8 ,my lords1 let ^! exp]i5c$ m51 come =? ) _! exp]i5ce4 ,i w plant m9e aga9/ x1 & y w f9d he w talk no m ( 8 exp]i5ce :5 ,i tell him--tell him1 too1 )\t fe> ( contradiction--t dur+ ! ye> :i* foll[$ ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 twice z mu* sug> p] h\r1 & ( a bett] quality z comp>$ ) ! prec$+ ye>s1 0 /or$ ?r\gh\t ! sug> di/ricts2 & t "o man1 a l>ge plant]1 has expressly av[$1 t ) tw5ty freem5 he c\ld d m "w ?an ) a hundr$ slaves or fifty ind5tur$ appr5tices4 7,he>1 he>47 ,b ,antigua6--:at has happ5$ !re8 ,!re has n be5 ev5 ! sy/em ( ind5tur$ appr5tices4 ,9 ,antigua & ! ,b]mudas1 z w\ld h be5 ! case at ,monts]rat if ! upp] h\se _h n ?r[n out ! bill :i* 0 prep>$ by ! plant]s !mselves1 !re _h be5 no prep>atory /ep4 ,9 ,antigua & ! ,b]mudas1 s9ce ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 n a slave or ind5tur$ appr5tice 0 to be f\nd4 ,well1 _h idl5ess reign$ !re--_h indol5ce supplant$ "w--_h !re be5 any defici5cy ( crop8 ,no4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re _h be5 an increase1 & n a dim9ution ( crop4 7,he>47 ,b1 !n1 x 0 said t quiet c\ld n be expect$ aft] slav]y 9 its mo/ complete & abject =m _h s long reign$ p>am\nt1 & t any sudd5 emancipation mu/ endang] ! peace ( ! isl&s4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! fir/ ( ,augu/ at once scatt]$ to ! w9ds t mo/ fallaci\s prophecy4 ,!n x 0 said1 only wait till ,*ri/mas1 = t is a p]iod :51 by all :o h any practical k ( ! negro "*1 a rebellion on _! "p is mo/ to be appreh5d$4 ,we did wait = ?is dread$ ,*ri/mas2 & :at 0 ! result8 ,i w g = x to ,antigua1 = x is ! /ronge/ case1 !re be+ !re no ind5tur$ appr5tices--no prep>atory /ate--no transition--! *a9s be+ at once knock$ (f1 & ! negroes made at once free4 ,= ! fir/ "t )9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 at ! ,*ri/mas ( ! ye> #ahcd1 m>tial law 0 n proclaim$ 9 ! isl& ( ,antigua4 ,y talk ( facts--"h is "o4 ,y talk ( exp]i5ce--"h x is4 ,& ) ^! facts & ?is exp]i5ce be=e u1 ,i call on ^? soi-disant m5 ( exp]i5ce--^? m5 :o sc(f$ at u--:o laugh$ to scorn at :at !y call$ our vision>y1 !oretical s*emes--s*emes t nev] c\ld be c>ri$ into effect )\t rebellion & ! loss ( ! colonies--,i say1 my lords1 ,i call on ^! exp]i5c$ m5 to come =w>d1 &1 if !y c1 d5y "o s+le iota ( ! /atem5t ,i am n[ mak+4 ,let ^? :o ?\ght t ) ! use ( ^? phrases1 a plant] ( ,jamaica ! ,we/ ,india int]e/1 resid5ce 9 ,jamaica & its exp]i5ce1 !y c\ld make our balance kick ! beam--let !m1 ,i say1 he> :at ,i tell1 = x is b ! fact--t :5 ! *a9s 7 knock$ (f !re 0 n a s+le brea* ( ! peace committ$ ei!r on ! day itself1 or on ! ,*ri/mas fe/ival :i* foll[$4 ,well1 my lords1 beat5 f ^! two positions1 :]e did ! exp]i5c$ m5 retreat to "u :at flimsy pretext did !y next und]take to disp>age ! poor negro race8 ,_h ,i n se5 x 9 pr9t1 & be5 o!rwise in=m$ ( ! fact1 ,i c\ld n h believ$ x possible t f any reasonable man any su* absurdity c\ld issue4 ,!y actually held out ?is la/ fe>1 :i*1 l ! o!rs1 0 fat$ to be dissipat$ by ! fact4 ,wait only1 said !y1 till ! anniv]s>y ( ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 & !n y w see :at ! negro "* is1 & h[ little ^! ind5tur$ appr5tices are fit to be entru/$ ) fre$om4 ,0 !re ev] su* an absurdity utt]$1 z if my lords1 ! man :o c\ld meet ) firm tranquillity & peaceful ?ankfulness ! ev5t itself1 0 likely to be rais$ to rebellion & riot+ by ! recollection ( x a ye> aft]w>ds4 ,my lords1 9 consid]+ ?is matt]1 ,i ask y1 !n1 to be guid$ by y\r own exp]i5ce1 & no?+ else2 pr(it by x1 my lords1 & turn x to y\r own acc\nt2 = x1 accord+ to t book :i* all ( u mu/ rev]e1 tea*es ev5 ! mo/ fooli% ( a fooli% race4 ,i d n ask y to adopt z y\r own ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs2 y h z mu* z y c desire ( y\r own1 & by no o!r te/ d ,i wi% or desire to be judg$4 ,b ,i ?9k my task may be said to be done4 ,i ?9k ,i h prov$ my case1 = ,i h %[n t ! negro c "w )\t ! /imulant ( ! :ip2 ,i h %[n t he c labor = hire )\t any o!r motive ?an t ( indu/ry to inspire him4 ,i h demon/rat$ t all ov] ! ,we/ ,indies1 ev5 :5 fatigu$ ) work+ ! allott$ h\rs = ! pr(it ( 8 ma/]1 he c "w aga9 = wages = him :o *ooses to hire him & has :]e)al to pay him2 ,i h also mo/ di/9ctly %[n t ! exp]i5ce ( ,antigua & ! ,b]mudas is demon/rative to %[ t )\t any /ate ( prep>ation1 )\t any ind5ture ( appr5tice%ip at all1 he is fit to be intru/$ ) 8 fre$om1 & w "w volunt>ily z a free labor] = hire4 ,b ,i h also demon/rat$ f ! same exp]i5ce1 & by ref]5ce to ! same /ate ( facts1 t a m quiet1 in(f5sive1 peaceable1 innoc5t p1 is n to be f\nd on ! face ( ?is e>? ?an ! negro--n 9 _! own unhappy c\ntry1 b aft] !y h be5 remov$ f x & enslav$ 9 y\r ,*ri/ian l&1 made ! victim ( ! b>b>iz+ demon ( civiliz$ p[]s1 & has all ?is "*1 if x 7 possible to corrupt x1 & 8 feel+s1 if x 7 possible to p]v]t !m1 attempt$ to be corrupt$ & p]v]t$ by ,*ri/ian & civiliz$ m51 & t 9 ?is /ate1 ) all inc5tives to misdemeanor p\r$ ar\nd him1 & all ! temptation to misconduct :i* ! arts & artifices & examples ( civiliz$ man c give hov]+ ov] him--t aft] ?is transition is made f slav]y to appr5tice%ip1 & f slav]y to absolute fre$om1 a negro's _s has be5 f\nd to rival ! unbrok5 tranquillity ( ! ,c>ibbean ,seas4 7,*e]s47 ,?is 0 n ! /ate ( ?+s we expect$1 my lords2 & 9 pro( t x 0 n s1 ,i h b to ref] y to ! /atute book itself4 ,on :at gr\nd did y enact ! int]m$iate /ate ( ind5ture appr5tice%ip1 & on :at argum5ts did y ju/ify x8 ,y felt & ackn[l$g$ t ! negro _h a "r to be free1 & t y _h no "r to deta9 him 9 bondage4 ,e "o admitt$ ?is1 b 9 ! prevail+ ignorance ( _! "* x 0 appreh5d$ t !y c\ld n be made free at once1 & t "t 0 requisite to tra9 ! negro to receive ! boon x 0 int5d$ be/[+ ^u him4 ,?is 0 ! delusion :i* prevail$1 & :i* 0 /at$ 9 ! preamble ( ! /atute--! same delusion :i* _h made ! m5 on "o side /ate & ! o!r to believe t x 0 necess>y to pay ! slave-own]s = ! loss x 0 suppos$ !y w\ld su/a94 ,b x 0 f\nd to be a baseless fe>1 & ! only result ( ! phantom s conjur$ up 0 a paym5t ( tw5ty millions to ! conjurors4 7,he>1 & a laugh47 ,n[1 ,i ma9ta9 t _h we kn[n :at we n[ "k ( ! "* ( ! negroes1 nei!r w\ld ?is comp5sation h be5 giv5 to ! slave-own]s1 nor we h be5 guilty ( propos+ to keep ! negro 9 slav]y five ye>s1 aft] we 7 decid$ t he _h a "r to 8 fre$om4 ,! noble & le>n$ "l "h proce$$ to cont5d t up to ! pres5t "t ! slave-own]s1 s f> f be+ suff]]s1 _h be5 ga9]s by ! abolition ( slav]y & ! enactm5t ( ! sy/em ( appr5tice%ip1 & t consequ5tly up to ! pres5t mom5t no?+ _h occurr$ to entitle !m to a claim ^u ! comp5sation allott$ by p>liam5t4 ,! slave-own]s might be said to h pocket$ ! sev5 millions )\t hav+ ! lea/ claim to !m1 & !re=e1 9 consid]+ ! proposition he 0 ab\t to make1 p>liam5t %\ld be> 9 m9d t ! slave proprietors 71 if any?+1 ! debtors to ! nation4 ,! money _h1 9 fact1 be5 paid to !m by mi/ake1 &1 7 ! transaction "o betwe5 man & man1 an action = its recov]y might lie4 ,b ! slave-own]s alleg$ t if ! appr5tice%ip 7 n[ done away !re w\ld be a loss1 & t to meet t loss !y _h a "r to ! money4 ,= argum5t's sake he w\ld suppose ?is to be true1 & t !re w\ld be loss2 b w\ld x n be fair t ! money %\ld be lodg$ 9 ! h&s ( a ?ird p>ty1 ) au?ority to pay back at ! expiration ( ! two ye>s :atev] rateable sum ! ma/] c\ld prove himself to h lo/8 ,8 firm belief 01 t no loss c\ld arise2 b1 desir\s to meet ! plant] at e po9t1 he %\ld h no objection to make t]ms ) him4 ,let him1 !n1 pay ! money into c\rt1 z x 71 & at ! end ( two ye>s he %\ld be fully indemnifi$ = any loss he might prove4 ,he call$ ^u _! lord%ips to look to ,antigua & ! ,b]mudas = pro( t ! free negro work$ well1 & t no loss 0 occasion$ to ! plant]s or _! prop]ty by ! grant+ ( emancipation4 ,b x 0 said t !re 0 a diff]5ce betwe5 ! cases ( ,antigua & o!r colonies1 su* z ,jamaica1 & x 0 urg$ t :ile ! negroes ( ! =m]1 f ! smallness & b>r5ness ( ! place1 w\ld be =c$ into "w1 t 9 ! latt] !y w\ld run away1 & take refuge 9 ! woods4 ,n[1 he ask$1 :y %\ld ! negro run away f 8 "w1 on be+ made free1 m ?an dur+ ! cont9uance ( 8 appr5tice%ip8 ,:y1 aga91 %\ld x be suppos$ t on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahdj1 ! emancipat$ negroes %\ld h less incl9ation to betake !mselves to ! woods ?an 9 #ahch8 ,if !re 0 a risk ( ! slaves runn+ to ! woods 9 #ahch1 t risk w\ld be increas$ & n dim9i%$ dur+ ! int]m$iate p]iod up to #ahdj1 by ! treatm5t !y 7 receiv+ f _! ma/]s1 & ! def]r+ ( _! hopes4 ,my lords1 7cont9u$ ! noble "l17 ,i h n[ to say a few words ^u ! treatm5t :i* ! slaves h receiv$ dur+ ! pa/ ?ree ye>s ( _! appr5tice%ip1 & :i*1 x is alleg$1 dur+ ! next two ye>s is to make !m fitt$ = absolute emancipation4 ,my lords1 ,i am prep>$ to %[ t 9 mo/ respects ! treatm5t ! slaves h receiv$ s9ce #ahcd is no bett]1 & 9 _m o!rs m unju/ & worse1 ?an x ev] 0 9 ! "t ( absolute slav]y4 ,x is true t ! use ( ! c>t:ip z a /imulus to labor has be5 aboli%$4 ,?is1 ,i admit1 is a great & mo/ satisfactory improvem5t2 b1 9 e o!r p>ticul>1 ! /ate ( ! slave1 ,i am prep>$ to %[1 is n improv$1 &1 9 _m respects1 x is mat]ially worse4 ,fir/1 ) reg>d to ! article ( food1 ,i w comp>e ! ,jamaica prison all[ance ) t allott$ to ! appr5tic$ negroes 9 o!r colonies4 ,9 ! ,jamaica prison ! all[ance ( rice is #ad p9ts a week to ea* p]son4 ,i h no return ( ! all[ance to ! ind5tur$ appr5tice 9 ,jamaica1 b ,i believe x is little ov] ?is2 b 9 ,b>badoes & ! ,leew>d ,isl&s1 x is mu* "u4 ,9 ,b>badoes1 in/ead ( receiv+ ! ,jamaica prison all[ance ( #ad p9ts a week1 ! appr5tic$ negro receiv$ b #aj p9ts3 :ile 9 ! ,leew>d ,isl&s he _h b #h p9ts4 ,9 ! cr[n colonies1 be=e #ahcd1 ! slave receiv$ #ba p9ts ( rice1 n[ ! appr5tice gets b #aj2 s t 9 ! mat]ial article1 food1 no improvem5t 9 ! condition ( ! negro 0 obs]vable4 ,!n1 ) reg>d to "t1 x is obvi\sly ( ! utmo/ importance t ! appr5tice %\ld h at lea/ two holidays & a half a week--! ,sabba? = religi\s wor%ip & in/ruction1 ! ,saturday to att5d ! m>kets1 & half ( ,friday to "w 9 8 own g>d54 ,! act ( emancipation specifi$ #de h\rs a week z ! p]iod ! appr5tice 0 to "w = 8 ma/]1 b ! ma/] s contriv$ matt]s z 9 mo/ in/ances to make ! #de h\rs ! law allott$ him run into ! appr5tice's half ( ,friday1 & ev5 9 "s cases into ! ,saturday4 ,! plant] inv>iably c\nt$ ! "t f ! mom5t t ! slave comm5c$ 8 "w2 & z x (t5 occurs t 8 resid5ce 0 on ! bord] ( ! e/ate1 he may h to walk five or six miles to get to ! place he has to "w4 ,?is 0 a po9t :i* he 0 sure _! lord%ips w\ld agree ) him 9 ?9k+ requir$ alt]ation4 ,! next topic to :i* ,i %all adv]t relates to ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice2 & ?is l>ge & important subject ,i _c pass ov] )\t a ^w to rem9d y\r lord%ips h[ little safe x is1 h[ little des]v+ ! "n ( j1 or any ?+ l j1 t :]e y h two classes y %\ld sep>ate !m into conflict+ p>ties1 until !y became s exasp]at$ 9 _! res5tm5t z sc>cely to reg>d ea* o!r z bre?r5 ( ! same species2 & t y %\ld place all ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9 ! h&s ( "o dom9ant class1 ^: pr9ciples1 ^: passions ^: int]e/s1 are all likely to be pref]r$ by ! judges :5 !y presume to sit :]e y h plac$ !m on ! judgm5t seat4 ,! *ief & puisne judges are rais$ to _! situations f among/ ! class :i* includes ! :ite m5 & plant]s4 ,b1 worse ?an t1 ! jurors are tak5 f ! same privileg$ body3 jurors1 :o are to assess civil damages 9 actions = injuries done to ! negroes--jurors1 :o are to try bills ( indictm5t aga9/ ! :ites = ! maltreatm5t ( ! blacks--jurors :o are to convict or acquit on ^? bills--jurors :o are to try ! slaves !mselves--nay1 magi/rates1 jailors1 turnkeys1 ! :ole app>atus ( ju/ice1 bo? adm9i/rative & executive1 exclusively 9 ! h&s ( "o race6 ,:at is ! consequ5ce8 ,:y1 x is prov]bial t no bills are f\nd = ! blacks4 7,he>1 he>47 ,six bills ( indictm5t 7 pref]r$1 "s = murd] & "s = bad manslaught]1 & at "o assizes e "o ( ^! six indictm5ts 0 ?r[n out4 ,assizes aft] assizes ! same ?+ happ5$1 until at l5g? wag]s 7 held t no su* bill w\ld be f\nd1 & no "o 0 f\nd to accept !m4 ,well 0 x = !m t !y decl9$1 = e "o ( ! bills pref]r$ 0 ignor$4 ,n[1 obs]ve t 9 proce$+s1 z y\r lord%ips "k2 be=e gr& jurors1 n a tittle ( evid5ce is he>d = ! prison]s2 e witness is 9 favor ( ! indictm5t1 or f9d+ ( ! bill2 b 9 all ^! in/ances ! bills 7 flung out on ! exam9ation ( evid5ce solely aga9/ ! prison]4 ,ev5 9 ! wor/ cases ( murd]1 z c]ta9ly & pla9ly committ$ z ! sun %9es at noon day1 mon/r\s to all1 ! bills 7 ?r[n out :5 half ! witnesses = ! prosecution rema9$ to be exam9$4 7,he>1 he>47 ,"s individuals swore aga9/ ! prison]s1 & ?\gh o!rs t5d]$ _! evid5ce1 ! jury refus$ to he> !m4 7,he>1 he>47 ,besides1 ! puni%m5ts inflict$ are mon/r\s2 ?irty-n9e la%es are inflict$ = ! vague1 indef9ite--because incapable to be def9$--(f5ce ( insol5ce4 ,?irty-n9e la%es = ! grave & ! m def9ite1 ,i admit1 (f5ce ( an attempt to c>ry a small knife4 ,?ree mon?s imprisonm5t1 or fifty la%es = ! equally grave (f5ce ( cutt+ (f ! %oot ( a cane plant6 ,!re seems to h prevail$ at all times among/ ! gov]nors ( our colonies a feel+1 ( :i*1 ,i grieve to say1 ! gov]nors at home h ev] & anon l>gely p>tak51 t !re is some?+ 9 ! nature ( a slave--some?+ 9 ! habits ( ! ,african negro--some?+ 9 ! disposition ( ! un=tunate hapless victims ( our own crimes & cruelties1 :i* makes :at is m]cy & ju/ice to o!r m5 cruelty to society & inju/ice to ! law 9 ! case ( ! negro1 & :i* condemns (f5ces slightly visit$1 if visit$ at all1 ) puni%m5t1 :5 committ$ by o!r m51 to ! s5t5ce t = 8 obdurate nature none c be too sev]e4 7,he>1 he>47 ,z if we _h any "o to blame b ourselves--z if we _h any "r to visit on him t "* if x 7 obdurate1 ^? habits if !y 7 insubord9ate1 t di%one/ disposition if x did corrupt 8 "*1 all ( :i* ,i d5y1 & :i* exp]i5ce proves to be contr>y to ! fact & tru?2 b ev5 if ^! /atem5ts 7 all tru? in/ead ( be+ f\lly sl&]\s & absolutely false1 we1 ( all m51 h ourselves to blame1 ourselves to tax1 & ourselves to puni%1 at lea/ = ! self abasem5t1 = we h be5 ! v causes ( corrupt+ ! negro "*4 7,*e]s47 ,if "s caprici\s despot1 9 8 c>e] ( ord9>y tyranny1 7 to tax 8 imag9ation to produce some?+ m mon/r\s & unnatural ?an himself1 & 7 to place a dove among/ vultures1 or engraft a ?orn on ! olive tree1 mu* z we %\ld m>vel at ! caprice1 we %\ld be /ill m a/\nd$ at ! expectation1 :i* exce$s ev5 a tyrant's prov]bial unreasonabl5ess1 t he %\ld ga!r grapes f ! ?orn1 or t ! dove %\ld be habituat$ to a ?ir/ = blood4 ,yet t is ! caprice1 t is ! unreasonable1 ! f\l1 ! gross1 ! mon/r\s1 ! outrage\s1 incr$ible inju/ice ( :i* we are h\rly guilty t[>ds ! :ole unhappy race ( negroes4 7,*e]s47 ,my lords1 we fill up ! incas>e ( inju/ice by sev]ely execut+ laws badly conceiv$ 9 a /ill m atroci\s & cruel _s4 ,! :ole puni%m5ts smell ( blood4 7,he>1 ,he>47 ,if ! treadmill /op 9 consequ5ce ( ! languid limbs & exhau/$ frames ( ! victims1 )9 a m9ute ! la% res\nds ?r\gh ! build+--if ! /ones :i* !y are set to break be n brok5 by limbs sc>r$1 & m>r$1 & :al$1 !y are summon$ by ! crack ( ! :ip to _! toilsome task6 ,i myself h he>d )9 ! la/ ?ree h\rs1 f a p]son1 :o 0 an eye-witness ( ! appall+ & disgu/+ fact1 t a lep] 0 introduc$ among/ ! negroes2 & 9 pass+ let me rem>k1 t 9 private h\ses or hospitals no m c>e has be5 tak5 to sep>ate ^? :o are /rick5 ) infecti\s diseases f ! s\nd portion1 any m ?an to furni% food to ^? 9 prison :o are compell$1 f ! unhe>d-(1 ! paltry1 ! mis]able disposition to treat ) cruelty ! victims ( a prison1 to g out & ga!r _! own food1--a ?+ :i* ,i believe ev5 ! tyrant ( ,sib]ia does n commit4 ,yet 9 t prison1 :]e blood fl[s pr(usely1 & ! limbs ( ^? human be+s are subject$ to p]petual torture1 ! frightful1 ! nause\s1 ! disgu/+--except t all o!r feel+s are lo/ 9 pity t[>ds ! victim & indignation aga9/ ! oppressor--sight 0 pres5t$ ( a lep]1 sc>r$ f ! eruptions ( disease on 8 legs & previ\s mi/reatm5t1 :al$ aga9 & aga91 & 8 blood aga9 made to fl[ f ! jail]'s la%4 ,i h told y\r lord%ips h[ bills h be5 ?r[n out = murd]+ ! negroes4 ,b a man _h a bill pres5t$ = ?is (f5ce3 a petition 0 pref]r$1 & by a :ite man4 ,yes1 a :ite man :o _h d>$1 "u feel+s ( excit$ indignation1 to compla9 to ! regul>ly con/itut$ au?orities1 in/ead ( receiv+ = 8 gallant conduct ! ?anks ( ! community1 _h a bill f\nd :i* 0 pres5t$ aga9/ him z a nuisance4 ,i h1 )9 ! la/ two h\rs1 amid ! new mass ( pap]s laid be=e y\r lord%ips )9 ! la/ =ty-eight h\rs1 cull$ a sample :i*1 ,i believe1 repres5ts ! :ole odi\s mass4 ,elev5 females h be5 flogg$1 />v$1 la%$1 atta*$ to ! treadmill1 & compell$ to "w until nature c\ld no long] endure _! suff]+s4 ,at ! mom5t :5 ! wret*$ victims 7 ab\t to fall (f--:5 !y c\ld no long] br+ d[n ! me*anism & cont9ue ! movem5t1 !y 7 susp5d$ by _! arms1 & at ea* revolution ( ! :eel receiv$ new w\nds on _! memb]s1 until1 9 ! language ( t law s grossly outrag$ 9 _! p]sons1 !y langui%$ & di$4 ,ask y if a cr+e ( ?is murd]\s nature w5t unvisit$1 & if no inquiry 0 made respect+ its circum/ances8 ,! =ms ( ju/ice 7 obs]v$2 ! h&maid 0 pres5t1 b ! sacr$ mi/ress 0 f> away4 ,a coron]'s inque/ 0 call$2 = ! laws decre$ t no su* injuries %\ld take place )\t hav+ an inquiry in/itut$4 ,elev5 inquisitions 7 held1 elev5 inquiries 7 made1 elev5 v]dicts 7 return$4 ,= murd]8 ,manslaught]8 ,misconduct8 ,no2 b t !y di$ by ! visitation ( ,god4 ,a lie--a p]jury--a blasphemy6 ,! visitation ( ,god6 ,yes1 = ( ! visitations ( ! ,div9e be+ by :i* ! inscrutable purposes ( 8 w are my/]i\sly work$ out1 "o ( ! mo/ my/]i\s is ! p[] :i*1 f "t to "t1 is all[$ by him to be ex]cis$ by ! wick$ = ! torm5t ( ! innoc5t4 7,*e]s47 ,b ( ^? visitations prescrib$ by ,div9e ,provid5ce !re is "o yet m inscrutable1 = :i* x is /ill m difficult to affix a reason1 & t is1 :5 heav5 rolls d[n on ?is e>? ! judgm5t1 n ( scorpions1 or ! plague ( pe/il5ce1 or fam9e1 or w>--b incomp>ably ! worse plague1 ! wors] judgm5t1 ( ! inju/ice ( judges :o become betray]s ( ! law--p]jur$1 wick$ m5 :o abuse ! law :i* !y are sworn to adm9i/]1 9 ord] to gratify _! own f\l passions1 to take ! "p ( ! wrong-do] aga9/ 8 victim1 & to =swe> !mselves on ,god's gospel1 9 ord] t ju/ice may n be done4 99 99 99 99 ,my lords1 ,i entirely concur 9 :at 0 =m]ly said by ,mr4 ,burke1 & aft]w>ds repeat$ by ,mr4 ,cann+1 t :ile ! mak+ ( laws 0 conf9$ to ! own]s ( slaves1 no?+ !y did 0 ev] f\nd real or effectual4 ,& :51 p]*ance1 any ?+ 0 accompli%$1 x _h n1 z ,mr4 ,burke said1 an executive pr9ciple4 ,b1 :5 !y f9d y det]m9$ to d y\r duty1 x is prov$1 by ! example :i* !y h giv5 9 pass+ ! ,appr5tice%ip ,am5dm5t ,act1 t !y w ev5 out/rip y to prev5t y\r int]f]5ce ) !m4 99 99 99 99 ,place ! negroes on ! same foot+ ) o!r m51 & give !m ! uncontroll$ p[] ov] _! "t & labor1 & x w become ! int]e/ ( ! plant]1 z well z ! re/ ( ! community1 to treat ! negro well1 = _! com=t & happ9ess dep5d on 8 indu/ry & good behavior4 ,x is a consequ5ce p]fectly cle>1 not)/&+ =m] di/9ctions1 not)/&+ ! diff]5ce ( color & ! v>iety ( race 9 t population1 ! negro & ! ,we/ ,indian w 9 a v few g5]ations--:5 ! clank ( 8 *a9 is no long] he>d1 :5 ! oppression ( ! ma/] c vex no m1 :5 equal rights are enjoy$ by all1 & all h a common int]e/ 9 ! g5]al prosp]ity--be impress$ ) a s5se ( _! hav+ an equal %>e 9 ! promotion ( ! public welf>e2 nay1 t social improvem5t1 ! progress ( k1 civility1 & ev5 ref9em5t itself1 w proce$ z rapidly & diffuse itself z univ]sally 9 ! isl&s ( ! ,we/]n ,ocean z 9 any "p ( h] ,maje/y's dom9ions4 99 99 99 99 ,i see no dang] 9 ! imm$iate emancipation ( ! negro2 ,i see no possible injury 9 t]m9at+ ! appr5tice%ip1 7:i* we n[ h f\nd %\ld nev] h be5 adopt$17 & 9 caus+ x to cease = slaves previ\s to ,augu/1 #ahch1 at t date1 z ^? subsequ5t to t date mu/ 9 t case be exempt4 99 99 99 99 ,i reg>d ! fre$om ( ! negro z accompli%$ & sure4 ,:y8 ,because x is 8 "r--because he has %[n himself fit = x--because a pretext or a %ad[ ( a pretext c no long] be devis$ = )hold+ t "r f its possessor4 ,i "k t all m5 n[ take a "p 9 ! "q1 & t !y w no long] be> to be impos$ ^u n[ !y are well in=m$4 ,my reliance is firm & unfl9*+ ^u ! great *ange :i* ,i h witness$--! education ( ! p unfett]$ by p>ty or by sect--f ! beg9n+ ( its progress1 ,i may say f ! h\r ( its bir?4 ,yes2 x 0 n = a humble man l me to assi/ at royal bir?s ) ! illu/ri\s pr9ce :o condesc5d$ to grace ! pageant ( ?is op5+ session1 or ! great capta9 & /atesman 9 ^: pres5ce ,i n[ am pr\d to speak4 ,b ) t illu/ri\s pr9ce1 & ) ! fa!r ( ! ,que5 ,i assi/$ at t o!r bir?1 m conspicu\s /ill4 ,) !m & ) ! "l ( ! h\se ( ,russel ,i wat*$ ov] its cradle--,i m>k$ its gr[?--,i rejoic$ 9 its /r5g?--,i witness$ its maturity--,i h be5 sp>$ to see x asc5d ! v height ( supreme p[]--direct+ ! c\ncils ( ! /ate--accel]at+ e great improvem5t--unit+ itself ) e good "w--propp+ honorable & useful in/itutions--extirpat+ abuses 9 all our in/itutions--pass+ ! b\nds ( our dom9ion1 & 9 ! new _w1 z 9 ! old1 proclaim+ t fre$om is ! bir?right ( man--t di/9ction ( color gives no title to oppression--t ! *a9s n[ loos5$ mu/ be /ruck (f1 & ev5 ! m>ks !y h left effac$ by ! same et]nal law ( our nature :i* makes nations ! ma/]s ( _! own de/9y1 & :i* 9 ,europe has caus$ e tyrant's ?rone to quake4 ,b !y ne$ to feel no al>m at ! progress ( "r :o def5d a limit$ mon>*y & support _! popul> in/itutions--:o place _! *iefe/ pride n 9 rul+ ov] slaves1 be !y :ite or be !y black--n 9 protect+ ! oppressor1 b 9 we>+ a con/itutional cr[n1 9 hold+ ! sword ( ju/ice ) ! h& ( m]cy1 9 be+ ! fir/ citiz5 ( a c\ntry ^: air is too pure = slav]y to brea!1 & on ^: %ores1 if ! captive's foot b t\*1 8 fett]s ( !mselves fall (f4 7,*e]s47 ,to ! resi/less progress ( ?is great pr9ciple ,i look ) a confid5ce :i* no?+ c %ake2 x makes all improvem5t c]ta9--x makes all *ange safe :i* x produces2 = none c be br\ght ab\t1 unless all has be5 accompli%$ 9 a cauti\s & salut>y _s4 ,s n[ ! fulness ( "t is come2 = our duty be+ at l5g? dis*>g$ to ! ,african captive1 ,i h demon/rat$ to y t e ?+ is ord]$--e previ\s /ep tak5--all safe1 by exp]i5ce %[n to be safe1 = ! long-desir$ consummation4 ,! "t has come--! trial has be5 made--! h\r is /rik+3 y h no long] a pretext = hesitation1 or falt]+1 or delay4 ,! slave has %[n1 by f\r ye>s' blameless behavior & devotion1 unsurpass$ by any ,engli% peasant1 to ! pursuit ( peaceful indu/ry1 t he is z fit = 8 fre$om z any "l :om ,i n[ address4 ,i dem& 8 rights--,i dem& 8 lib]ty )\t /9t1 9 ! names ( ju/ice & ( law--9 ! "n ( reason--9 ! "n ( ,god1 :o has giv5 y no "r to "w inju/ice4 ,i dem& t y\r bro!r be no long] trampl$ ^u z y\r slave4 7,he>1 he>47 ,i make my appeal to ! ,commons1 :o repres5t ! free p ( ,engl&2 & ,i require at _! h&s ! p]=mance ( t condition = :i* !y paid s enorm\s a price--t condition :i* all _! con/itu5ts are 9 brea?less anxiety to see fulfill$6 ,i appeal to 8 h\se--! h]$it>y judges ( ! fir/ tribunal 9 ! _w--to y ,i appeal = ju/ice4 ,patrons ( all ! arts t humanize mank9d1 "u y\r protection ,i place humanity h]self6 ,to ! m]ciful ,sov]eign ( a free p ,i call al\d = m]cy to ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s 9 ^: behalf half a million ( h] ,*ri/ian si/]s h cri$ al\d1 t _! cry may n h ris5 9 va94 ,b fir/ ,i turn my eye to ! ?rone ( all ju/ice1 & dev\tly humbl+ myself be=e ,him :o is ( pur] eyes ?an to behold any long] su* va/ iniquities--,i implore t ! curse ov] our heads ( unju/ oppression be av]t$ f u--t y\r he>ts may be turn$ to m]cy--& t ov] all ! e>? ,8 w may at l5g? be done6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,index4 ,,abscond+ f labor1 ,accid5t 9 a boil+ h\se1 ,ag$ negro1 ,all[ance to ,appr5tices1 ,amalgamation1 ,am]ican ,consul1 7,see ,consul47 ,am]ican ,prejudice1 ,amity ,hall ,e/ate1 ,&]son1 ,wm4 ,,ii4 ,esq41 ,anguilla1 ,annual ,meet+ ( ,mission>ies1 ,antigua1 ,dim5sions (1 ,sug> ,crop (1 ,apple:itte1 ,mr4 ,appraisem5t ( ,appr5tices1 ,appr5tice1 provisions respect+ !1 ,appr5tice%ip comp>$ ) slav]y1 ,appr5tice%ip ,sy/em1 ,design (1 ,good effect (1 ,no prep>ation = fre$om1 ,appr5tice%ip1 ,op]ation (1 ,appr5tice%ip1 ,op9ion (1 9 ,antigua2--9 ,b>badoes2--9 ,jamaica1 ,appr5tices lib]at$1 ,appr5tices' "w comp>$ ) slaves ,ar*deacon ( ,antigua1 ( ,b>badoes1 ,ari/ocracy ( ,antigua1 ,arm/rong1 ,mr4 ,h41 ,a%by1 ,colonel1 ,a?ill1 ,mr41 ,atta*m5t to home1 ,attorney ,g5]al ( ,jamaica1 ,att5dance on ,*ur* ,augu/1 ,fir/ ( ,baij]1 ,hon4 ,samuel ,o41 ,ba9es1 ,major1 ,banks1 ,rev4 ,mr41 ,bapti/ ,*apel ,bapti/s 9 ,jamaica1 ,b>badoes1 ,b>buda1 ,b>b] 9 ,bridget[n1 ,b>clay1 ,alex&]1 ,esq41 ,b>n>d1 ,samuel1 ,esq41 ,b>r[1 ,colonel1 ,ba?1 ,baza>1 ,bell1 ,dr41 ,belle ,e/ate1 ,bell n toll$ = color$ p]son1 ,belly1 'blige 'em to "w1 ,belmore1 ,"l1 ,belvid]e ,e/ate1 ,b5evol5t in/itutions ( ,antigua1 ,bible ,society1 ,bi%op ( ,b>badoes1 ,bless+s ( ,abolition1 7,see ,morals1 c47 ,bl9d man1 ,boil+ ,h\se1 ,bookkeep]s1 ,slav] (1 ,born9' ,gr\nd1 ,b\rne1 ,mr4 ,london1 ,b\rne1 ,mr4 ,s41 7( ,antigua17 ,b\rne1 ,/eph51 ,esq41 7( ,jamaica17 ,breakfa/ at ,mr4 ,b\rne's1 at ,mr4 ,prescod's1 at ,mr4 ,?orne's1 ,briant1 ,mr41 ,bridget[n1 ,br[n1 ,colonel1 ,br[n1 ,?omas ,c41 ,c41 ,mr41 ( ,b>badoes1 ,cage1 ,cane cultivat$ by appr5tices on _! own gr\nd1 ,cane-cutt+1 ,cane-hol+1 ,cecil1 ,mr41 ,c$> ,hall1 ,*amb]la91 ,r41 ,esq41 ,*ange ( op9ion 9 reg>d to slav]y1 ,*apel erect$ by appr5tices1 ,"* ( color$ p1 ,*eesbor\gh1 ,rev4 ,mr41 ,*ildr51 c>e (1 7,see ,free47 ,*ri/mas1 ,*ur*1 ,e/abli%$1 ,civility ( negroes1 ,cl>ke1 ,dr41 ,cl>ke1 ,hon4 ,r4,b41 ,cl>ke1 ,mr41 ,classification ( appr5tices1 ,codr+ton ,e/ate1 ,coddr+ton1 ,sir ,*ri/oph]4 ,c(fee ,e/ates4 ,college1 ,coddr+ton4 ,colliton ,e/ate4 ,color$ ,ar*itect4 ,editors4 ,lady4 ,legislators4 ,magi/rates4 ,m]*ants4 ,policem54 ,population4 ,proprietor4 ,tea*]s4 ,col?ur/1 ,major4 ,compla9ts to ,special ,magi/rates4 ,concub9age4 ,condition ( ! negroes1 *ang$4 ,conduct ( ! ,emancipat$ on ! fir/ ( ,augu/4 ,confid5ce increas$4 ,conjugal atta*m5t4 ,consul1 ,am]ican at ,antigua4 at ,jamaica4 ,con/abul>y =ce1 color$4 ,contributions = religi\s purposes4 ,conv]sation ) a negro boatman4 ,conv]sation ) negroes on ,h>vey's e/ate4 ,conv]sation ) appr5tices4 ,corbett1 ,mr4 ,trial (4 ,corn] /one laid4 ,c\rts 9 ,b>badoes4 ,c\rts 9 ,jamaica4 ,cox1 ,rev4 ,james4 ,cran/\n1 ,mr4 ,crimes1 ,dim9ution (4 ,crimes 9 ,jamaica4 ,crookes1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,crops 9 ,b>badoes4 ,crops 9 ,jamaica4 ,cruelty ( slav]y4 to appr5tices4 ,cultivation 9 ,b>badoes1 7,see ,crops47 ,cultivation 9 ,jamaica4 ,cumm9s1 ,mr4 ,cumm9s1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,cuppage1 ,capta94 ,cu/om ,h\se returns1 ,b>badoes4 ,daily meal ,society4 ,dang]s ( slav]y4 ,daniell1 ,dr4 ,dea?-b$ ( a plant]4 ,deception4 ,defect ( law4 ,dem]>a1 ,appr5tice%ip 94 ,desire = in/ruction4 ,d9n] at ,mr4 ,h>ris's4 at ! ,gov]nor's4 ,disabilities ( color$ p4 ,discussion1 ,effect (4 ,di/9ction betwe5 s]v+ & be+ prop]ty4 ,di/ress$ ,females' ,fri5d ,society4 ,di/urbances1 ,reason (4 ,docility ( ! negroes4 ,dome/ic ,appr5tices4 ,donovan's ,e/ate4 ,drax ,hall4 ,dress 9 ,antigua4 ,driv] & ov]se]4 ,dr\ght 9 ,antigua4 ,dubl9 ,ca/le ,e/ate4 ,duncan1 ,mr4 ,dungeons 9 ,antigua4 9 ,b>badoes4 ,economy ( ! negroes4 ,edgecomb ,e/ate4 ,edmonson1 ,rev4 ,jona?an4 ,education ( ,appr5tices4 9 ,antigua4 9 ,b>badoes4 7,see ,s*ools47 ,education1 ,qu]ies on1 repli$ to4 ,results1 9 reg>d to4 ,edw>ds1 ,colonel4 ,eldridge1 ,r4 ,b4 ,esq44 ,elliot1 ,rev4 ,edw>d4 ,emancipation1 ,imm$iate4 7,see ,prep>ation1 c47 ,emancipation1 ,motives (1 9 ,antigua4 ,emigrants f ,europe4 ,employm5ts ( ! color$4 ,engli% ,delegation4 ,enrolm5t ( color$ militia4 ,escape ( slaves f ,fr5* isl&s4 ,expectations 9 reg>d to #ahch & #ahdj4 ,exp5se ( free comp>$ ) slave labor4 ,exp5se ( ,appr5tice%ip comp>$ ) slav]y4 ,explanation ( t]ms4 ,exports ( ,jamaica = #ec ye>s4 ,fair ( ,/4 ,john's4 ,favey1 ,mr4 ,fe$+ 9 ,b>badoes4 ,feel+1 int5se1 ( ! negroes4 ,females 9 ! field4 ,f5ces want+ 9 ,antigua4 ,f]guson1 ,dr4 ,f9es ^u ! plant]s4 ,fire 9 ! canes4 ,fit*'s ,creek ,e/ate4 ,flogg+4 ma*9e4 ,=t51 ,james4 ,f\r & a half p] c5t tax4 ,fras]1 ,rev4 ,edw>d4 ,mrs41 ---- ,free *ildr54 ,fre$om 9 ,antigua4 ,free labor less exp5sive4 ,freeman1 ,c\nt4 ,frey's ,e/ate4 ,fri5dly ,societies4 ,fright ( ,am]ican vessels4 ,gall[ay1 ,mr4 ,gangs1 ,division (4 ,g>d9]1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 ,rev4 ,n4 ,girl sold by h] "m4 ,gitt]s1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,gold5 ,grove ,e/ate4 ,gordon1 ,mr4 ,gov]nor ( ,antigua4 ( ,b>badoes4 ,grace ,bay4 ,gr5ada4 ,gr&fa!r ,jacob4 ,gratitude ( ! ,negroes4 ,grecian ,regale4 ,gre5 ,ca/le ,e/ate4 ,gre5 ,wall ,e/ate4 ,guadal\pe4 ,gu>da ,co/as4 ,gubn] poison$4 ,h41 ,mr41 an ,am]ican4 ,hamilton1 ,capt4 ,hamilton1 ,*5y1 ,esq4 ,hamilton1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,h>rison1 ,colonel4 ,h>ris1 ,?omas1 ,esq4 ,h>vey1 ,rev4 ,b4 ,hatley1 ,mr4 ,h]oism ( color$ wom54 ,higg9bo?om1 ,ralph1 ,esq4 ,hill1 ,ri*>d1 ,esq4 ,h9k/on1 ,samuel1 ,esq4 ,holb]ton1 ,rev4 ,rob]t4 ,holidays 9 ,antigua4 ,horne1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,horse4 ,horton ,e/ate4 ,hors=d1 ,hon4 ,paul4 ,ho/ility to ,emancipation4 7,see also1 ,*ange1 c47 ,h\se ( ,correction4 ,h[ell1 ,mr41 7( ,jamaica74 ,h[ell1 ,james ,esq4 ,hurricane4 ,imports & ,exports ( ,b>badoes4 ,improvem5t s9ce ,emancipation4 7,see ,morals47 ,indol5ce ( ,appr5tices4 ( ,:ites4 ,indu/ry ( ,emancipat$ ,slaves4 ,indu/ry ( ,appr5tices4 ,infanticide4 ,insol5ce4 ,insubord9ation4 7,see ,subord9ation47 ,insurrection 9 ,b>badoes 9 #ahaf4 ,insurrection n fe>$ 9 ,antigua2 nor 9 ,b>badoes2 nor 9 ,jamaica4 ,intellig5ce ( blacks1 z comp>$ ) :ites4 ,intemp]ance 9 ,antigua4 7,see ,temp]ance47 ,int]mixture4 7,see also ,amalgamation47 ,int]nal ,improvem5t4 ,jamaica4 ,j>vis1 ,colonel4 ,jobs4 ,jock51 ,mr4 ,jones1 ,mr4 ,jones1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,jones1 ,t4 ,watk9s1 ,s4 ,m4 ,jordon1 ,edw>d1 ,esq4 ,jury on ! body ( a negro woman4 ,juv5ile ,association4 ,k+don1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,k+/on4 ,kirkl&1 ,mr4 ,law1 respect =4 ,le>'s ,e/ate4 ,legislature ( ,antigua4 ,lett] to a ,special ,magi/rate4 ,lic5se to m>ry4 ,lic5ti\sness4 ,ligh?\se4 ,lock-up h\se at ,/4 ,john's4 ,lyon1 ,e4,b41 ,esq4 ,lyon's ,e/ate4 ,ma*9]y1 ,labor-sav+4 ,manag]s1 ,te/imony (4 ,man*ioneal4 ,m>ket 9 ,/4 ,john's4 ,m>ket p4 ,m>oons4 ,m>riage4 ,m>%all1 ,mr4 ,m>t9ique4 ,ma/]'s p[] ov] ! appr5tice4 ,mc,cornock1 ,?omas1 ,esq4 ,mc,gregor1 ,sir ,evan1 ,j4 ,m4 ,megass4 ,m]*ants1 ,te/imony (4 ,messages ( ,sir ,lionel ,smi?4 ,mico ,*>ity ,infant ,s*ool4 ,mill]'s ,e/ate4 ,mission>ies1 ,wesleyan4 ,mission>y associations4 ,society1 ,wesleyan4 ,mob1 ,pro-,slav]y1 9 ,b>badoes4 ,mhne1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,monts]rat4 ,morals1 improvem5t (4 ,morant ,bay4 ,moravian ,*apel4 ,mission>y4 ,moravians4 ,morri%1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mule-travel+4 ,murd] ( a plant]4 ,musgrave1 ,dr4 ,negro ,gr\nds4 ,negro ,qu>t]s4 ,nevis4 ,newby1 ,mr4 ,newfield1 visit to4 ,noble trait 9 ! appr5tices4 ,nug5t1 ,hon4 ,ni*olas4 ,ob/acles to free labor 9 ,antigua4 ,old s*ool tyrant4 ,op9ions 9 ,antigua 9 reg>d to ,emancipation4 ,op9ions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,opposition to slav]y 9 ,jamaica4 ,o',reily1 ,hon4 ,d[el4 ,osburne1 ,mr4 ,ov]se]s4 ,pack]1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,p>ry1 ,ar*deacon4 ,p>tiality ( ! ,special ,magi/rates4 ,peaceabl5ess ( negro villages4 ,peaceabl5ess ( ! *ange f slav]y to fre$om4 ,peaceabl5ess ( ! negro "*4 ,p]secution ( a ,special ,ju/ice4 ,pet]'s ,rock4 ,phillips1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,physician1 ,te/imony (4 ,pigeot1 ,mr4 ,planta9 ,g>d5 ,riv] ,valley4 ,plant]1 a sev]e "o4 ,plant]s1 cruelty (4 9 ,b>badoes4 ,pl\gh4 ,police ,c\rt4 ( ,antigua4 ,(fic]s1 ,te/imony (4 ,reports4 ,policy ( color$ p 9 reg>d to prejudice4 ,port ,royal4 ,prejudice aga9/ color4 ,prejudice ,bell4 ,prep>ation = fre$om4 ,prescod1 ,mr4 ,promiscu\s seat+ 9 *ur* 7,see ,amalgamation1 c47 ,proprietor1 te/imony (4 ,pro-slav]y pret5ces4 ,provid5ce ( ! emancipat$1 !4 ,provo/ ,m>%al1 ,te/imony (4 ,puni%m5t1 cruel4 ,puni%m5t 9 ,antigua4 ,ramsay1 ,mr4 ,real ,e/ate4 ,rebellion1 s call$4 ,rector ( ,/4 ,john's4 ,r$ ,%anks4 ,reid1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,religion 9 ,antigua2 9 ,b>badoes2 9 ,jamaica4 ,religi\s condition ( slaves 9 ,antigua4 ,religi\s in/ruction desir$4 ,report ( a ,special ,magi/rate4 ,resolution 9 reg>d to ,messrs4 ,?ome & ,kimball4 ,resolutions ( ,wesleyan ,mission>ies4 ,respect = ! ag$4 ,results 9 ,antigua4 ,rev5gefulness4 ,ridge ,e/ate4 ,"r ( suffrage4 ,rog]s1 ,mr4 ,ross1 ,a41 ,esq4 ,r[e1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,rum1 use ( 9 ,antigua4 ,sabba? 9 ,antigua2 9 ,b>badoes2 9 ,jamaica4 ,sabba? s*ool 9 ,bridget[n4 ,safety ( imm$iate emancipation4 7,see ,insurrections47 ,s*ool1 adult2 at ,le>'s2 ,p>o*ial2 ,wolm] ,free4 ,s*ools 9 ,antigua2 9 ,bridget[n2 infant2 9 ,k+/on2 9 ,spani%t[n4 ,scotl& 9 ,b>badoes4 ,scotl&1 ,james1 ,esq4 ,scotl&1 ,j41 ,jr4 ,esq4 ,security re/or$4 ,self-emancipation4 ,self-respect4 ,%&s1 ,mr4 ,s4 ,%iel1 ,mr4 ,%rewsbury1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,sickness1 pret5d$4 ,silv] ,hill4 ,sligo1 ,"l4 ,smi?1 ,sir ,lionel4 ,social int]c\rse4 ,societies1 b5evol5t4 ,society among color$ p4 = promotion ( ,*ri/ian k4 ,soldi]s1 black4 ,solicitor ,g5]al ( ,b>badoes4 ( ,jamaica4 ,song sung 9 ! s*ools4 ,spani%t[n4 ,speak+1 a ,moravian cu/om4 ,special ,magi/rates4 7,see also ,p>tiality47 ,special ,magi/rates1 ,te/imony (4 ,/4 ,&rews4 ,/ation ,h\se1 ,a4 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s4 ,/4 ,lucia4 ,/ock ,keep]s4 ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/4 ,/urge ,h>vey1 ,messrs4 ,/4 ,v9c5t's4 ,subord9ation4 ,sug> ,crop4 cultivation h>d = ! slave4 ,sug> ,mill4 ,sunday ,m>kets4 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,police4 ,susp5sion ( fai?ful magi/rates4 ,task-"w4 ,tea*]1 ,black4 ,tea*]s4 ,telegraph1 ,rem>ks ( !4 ,temp]ance 9 ,antigua4 ( negroes4 ,society4 ,te/imony ( ,manag]s4 ,te/imony ( cl]gym5 & mission>ies4 ,te/imony ( ,gov]nors4 ( magi/rates4 ( physicians4 ,!ft1 decrease (4 ,?ib\ ,j>vis's e/ate4 ,?omas1 ,mr4 ,?ompson1 ,george1 ,bu/ (4 ,?ompson1 ,?omas1 ,esq4 ,?orne1 ,mr4 ,?waites1 ,mr4 ,*>les4 ,t9son1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,toa/ to ,imm$iate ,emancipation4 ,tortala4 ,traffic 9 ,slaves4 ,transition f slav]y to fre$om4 ,treatm5t ( slaves ameliorat$ by discussion4 ,treadmill4 ,tr9idad4 ,tru/wor?9ess4 ,unwill+ witness4 ,vagrancy4 ,value ( an appr5tice4 7,see ,appraisem5t47 ,villa ,e/ate4 ,wages4 ,walton1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,wat*man1 ,jamaica4 ,rem>ks ( !4 ,watk9s1 ,mr4 ,w>d1 ,sir ,h5ry4 ,wea!rill's ,e/ate4 ,wesleyan ,*apel1 ,antigua4 ,new1 4 ,mission>y ,society4 ,wesleyans 9 ,antigua4 9 ,b>badoes4 9 ,jamaica4 ,:ip bani%$4 ,:ipp+ ,po/4 ,:ite lady4 ,wilb]=ce1 op9ion (4 ,wickham1 ,ri*>d ,s4 ,willis1 ,george1 ,esq4 ,will\ghby ,bay ,exam9ation4 ,wolm] ,free ,s*ool4 ,wom5 ab&on ! field4 condition (4 ,woolridge1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,wright1 ,&rew1 ,esq4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]--,,extra4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,emancipation ,9 ,! ,,we/ ,,indies1 ,,9 #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,important ,,to ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,false prophets 7 nev] /ill] ab\t _! "t-detect$ impo/ures ?an are ! pro-slav]y presses ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ab\t ! results ( ,we/ ,india ,emancipation4 ,n[ & !n1 = ! sake ( appe>ances1 !y obscurely copy into _! imm5se %eets an in* or two ( compla9ts1 f "s sn>l+ ,we/ ,india pap]1 t ! emancipat$ are lazy & won't "w4 ,b !y make no p>ade4 ,!y are m taciturn ?an grave-/ones4 ,9 ! foll[+ closely pr9t$ columns1 ^? :o wi% to "k w f9d out precisely h[ ! great exp]im5t has work$4 ,!y w f9d1 #a4 ,! safety ( abolition demon/rat$--its safety 9 ! wor/ possible case4 #b4 ,t ! colonies are prosp]+ 9 _! agriculture4 #c4 ,t ! plant]s conf]r$ fre$om because !y 7 oblig$ to by public op9ion abroad4 #d4 ,t fre$om1 ev5 ?us unwill+ly conf]r$1 0 accept$ z a preci\s boon by ! slaves--!y 7 grateful to ,god1 & ready to "w = _! ma/]s = fair pay4 #e4 ,t ! mass ( ! plant]s h endeav\r$1 f ! fir/1 to get "w out ( ! free labor]s = z small wages z possible4 #f4 ,t _m ( ! attorneys & manag]s h refus$ fair wages & practic$ extortion1 to depreciate ! price ( prop]ty1 t !y might pr(it !reby4 #g4 ,t all ! indisposition to labor :i* has yet be5 exhibit$ is fully acc\nt$ = by ^! causes4 #h4 ,t 9 spite ( all1 ! abolition is work+ well = ! hone/ ( all p>ties4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,we/ ,,india ,,emancipation1 ,,9 #ahch4 ,! imm$iate abolitioni/s hold t ! *ange f slav]y to fre$om _c be too sudd54 ,!y say t ! fir/ /ep 9 rais+ ! slave f 8 degradation %\ld be t ( mak+ him a prop] subject ( law1 by putt+ him 9 possession ( himself4 ,?is position !y re/ on ! gr\nd bo? ( ju/ice & exp$i5cy1 :i* inde$ !y believe to be insep>able4 ,) exceptions too trifl+ to affect ! "q1 !y believe ! labor] :o feels no /imulus b t ( wages & no re/ra9t b t ( law1 is ! mo/ pr(itable1 n only to himself & society at l>ge1 b to any employ] o!r ?an a brutal tyrant4 ,! b5efit ( ?is role !y claim = e man & woman liv+ )9 ?is republic1 till on fair trial ! prop] tribunal %all h judg$ !m unwor?y ( x4 ,!y d5y bo? ! ju/ice & exp$i5cy ( p]mitt+ any degree ( ignorance or debasem5t to "w ! =feiture ( self-own]%ip1 & pron\nce slav]y cont9u$ = su* a cause ! wor/ ( all1 inasmu* z x is ! robb]y ( ! poor because he is poor4 ,:at light 0 ?r[n ^u ?is doctr9e by ! process ( abolition 9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies f ! #a/ ( ,augu/ #ahcd to ! #a/ ( ,june #ahcg1 may be se5 9 ! "w ( ,messrs4 ,?ome & ,kimball entitl$1 ,emancipation 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,t light cont9ues to %9e4 ,b]muda & ,antigua1 9 :i* ! slaves pass$ in/antane\sly out ( absolute slav]y into full fre$om1 are liv+ witnesses ( ! bless+ ( heav5 ^u imm$iate emancipation4 ,9 ,antigua1 "o ( ! old sug> colonies1 :]e slav]y _h _h its full sway !re has be5 especially a fair te/ ( imm$iatism1 & ! increas+ prosp]ity ( ! isl& does ! utmo/ honor to ! pr9ciple4 ,aft] ! fulle/ inquiry on ! po9t1 ,messrs4 ,?ome & ,kimball say ( ?is isl&3-- ,!re is n a class1 or p>ty1 or sect1 :o d n e/eem ! abolition ( slav]y z a special bless+ to !m4 ,! ri*1 because x reliev$ !m ( prop]ty :i* 0 fa/ becom+ a disgrace1 z x _h always be5 a vexation & a tax1 & because x has emancipat$ !m f ! t]rors ( insurrection1 :i* kept !m all _! life-"t subject to bondage4 ,! poor :ites--because x lift$ f (f !m ! yoke ( civil oppression4 ,! free color$ population--because x gave ! dea? bl[ to ! prejudice t cru%$ !m1 & op5$ ! prospect ( social1 civil1 & political equality ) ! :ites4 ,! slaves--because x broke op5 _! dungeons1 l$ !m out to lib]ty1 & gave !m1 9 "o munific5t donation1 _! wives1 _! *ildr51 _! bodies1 _! s\ls--ev]y?+4 ,9 ! emphatic language ( ! ,gov]nor1 ,x 0 univ]sally admitt$ t emancipation _h be5 a great bless+ to ! isl&4 ,9 ,novemb] #ahcg1 ,"l ,br\gham ?us summ$ up ! results ( ! ,antigua exp]im5t 9 a spee* 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords3-- ,x might be kn[n to _! lord%ips t 9 "o mo/ important colony ! exp]im5t ( in/ant & entire emancipation _h be5 tri$4 ,inf9itely to ! honor ( ! isl& ( ,antigua 0 x1 t x did n wait = ! p]iod fix$ by ! ,legislature1 b _h at once conv]t$ ! /ate ( slav]y into "o ( p]fect lib]ty4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 ! day fix$ by act ( ,p>liam5t = ! comm5cem5t ( a t5 ye>s' appr5tice%ip1 ! ,legislature ( t colony1 to ! immortal honor ( _! wisdom1 _! ju/ice1 & _! humanity1 _h aboli%$ ! sy/em ( appr5tice%ip1 & _h absolutely & entirely /ruck ! fett]s (f f #cj1jjj slaves4 ,_! lord%ips w\ld naturally ask :e!r ! exp]im5t _h succe$$2 & :e!r ?is sudd5 emancipation _h be5 wisely & politically done4 ,he %\ld move = "s returns :i* he w\ld v5ture to say w\ld prove t ! exp]im5t _h entirely succe$$4 ,he w\ld give _! lord%ips "s pro(s3 ,fir/1 prop]ty 9 t isl& _h ris5 9 value2 secondly1 ) a v few exceptions1 & ^? ( n great] importance ?an occurr$ 9 ,engl& dur+ h>ve/1 !re 0 no defici5cy 9 ! numb] ( labor]s to be obta9$ :5 labor]s 7 want$2 ?irdly1 (f5ces ( all sorts1 f capital (f5ces d[nw>ds1 _h decreas$2 & ?is appe>$ f returns s5t by ! inspector ( slaves to ! gov]nor ( t colony1 & by him transmitt$ to ! prop] au?ority "h2 &1 f\r?ly1 ! exports ( sug> _h increas$3 dur+ ! ?ree ye>s end+ #ahcd1 ! av]age ye>ly export 0 #afe1jjj cwts41 & = ! ?ree subsequ5t ye>s ?is av]age _h increas$ to #ahi1jjj cwts41 be+ an increase ( #ba1jjj cwts1 or "o cle> sev5?1 produc$ by free labor4 ,nor 7 ! la/ ?ree ye>s productive seasons2 = 9 #ahce !re 0 a v sev]e & de/ructive hurricane1 & 9 ! ye> #ahcf !re 0 su* a dr\ght t wat] 0 oblig$ to be import$ f ,b>bados4 ,( su* sort1 ) reg>d to bo? ! colonies t adopt$ ! pr9ciple ( imm$iate emancipation1 h be5 ! facts--& all ! facts--up to ! late/ intellig5ce4 ,! re/ ( ! colonies adopt$ ! plan propos$ by ! ,briti% gov]nm5t1 :i* contr>y to ! wi%es ( ! great body ( ,briti% abolitioni/s1 made ! slaves b p>tially free "u ! "n ( appr5tices4 ,9 ?is mongrel condition !y 7 to rema91 ! h\se s]vants f\r1 & ! field labor]s six ye>s4 ,?is appr5tice%ip 0 ! d>l+ *ild ( t exp$i5cy1 :i*1 hold+ ! transaction f wrong to "r to be dang]\s & difficult1 illu/rates its wisdom by l+]+ on ! divid+ l9e4 ,!re=e any mis*ance t might h occurr$ 9 any "p ( ?is t>dy process w\ld h be5 ju/ly attributable to gradualism & n to imm$iatism4 ,! =ce ( ?is rem>k w be bett] se5 by ref]r+ to ! nature & work+ ( ! appr5tice%ip z describ$ 9 ! book ( ,messrs4 ,?ome & ,kimball4 ,we h only room to say t ! ma/]s univ]sally reg>d$ ! sy/em z a "p ( ! comp5sation or bonus to ! slavehold] & n z a prep>atory s*ool = ! slave4 ,by law !y 7 grant$ a prop]ty 9 ! uncomp5sat$ labor ( ! slaves = six ye>s2 b ! same law1 by tak+ away ! sole means ( en=c+ ?is labor1 9 fact ?rew ! ma/]s & slaves into a six ye>s' qu>rel 9 :i* !y /ood on some?+ l equal t]ms4 ,x 0 surely n to be wond]$ if ! p>ties %\ld come out ( ?is conte/ too ho/ile ev] to ma9ta9 to ea* o!r ! relation ( employ] & employ$4 ,?is six ye>s ( vexati\s sw++ l a p5dulum ov] ! l9e betwe5 bondage & lib]ty 0 well calculat$ to spoil all ! gratitude & glory ( gett+ across4 ,x 0 e>ly discov]$ t ! ma/]s g5]ally 7 dispos$ to abuse _! p[] & get f _! appr5tices all t c\ld by any means be extort$4 ,! fri5ds ( humanity 9 ,great ,brita9 7 ar\s$1 ,mr4 ,/urge1 a di/+ui%$ philan?ropi/ ( ,birm+ham1 accompani$ by ,messrs4 ,scohle1 ,h>vey1 & ,lloyd1 proce$$ to ! ,we/ ,indies on a mission ( inquiry1 & prosecut$ _! inve/igation contemporane\sly ) ,messrs4 ,?ome & ,kimball4 ,_! ,report produc$ a g5]al conviction 9 ,engl&1 t ! plant]s _h =feit$ all claim to reta9 _! au?ority ov] ! appr5tices1 & ! gov]nm5t 0 accord+ly petition$ imm$iately to aboli% ! sy/em4 ,?is x 0 lo? to d4 ,x caus$ inquiries to be in/itut$ 9 ! colonies1 especially 9 ,jamaica1 ) ! evid5t hope ( ov]?r[+ ! *>ges ( ,mr4 ,/urge4 ,! result m ?an confirm$ ^? *>ges4 ,! gov]nm5t /ill plead = delay1 & br\ght 9 a bill = ! improvem5t ( ! appr5tice%ip4 ,9 ! progress ( ^! proce$+s1 urg$ on z !y 7 by ! heav5-high en?usiasm ( ! ,briti% nation1 _m ( ! plant]s cle>ly p]ceiv$ t _! *ance ( p[] dur+ ! rema9+ two ye>s ( ! appr5tice%ip _h become wor? less to !m ?an ! good w :i* !y might get by volunt>ily giv+ x up4 ,:e!r x 0 ?is motive op]at+ 9 good fai?1 or a hope to escape philan?ropic int]f]5ce = ! future by yield+ to its full claim1 & ?us ga9 a cle> field to oppress "u ! new sy/em ( wages1 "o ?+ is c]ta9 ! *>t]$ colonies1 sudd5ly1 & to ! surprise ( _m1 put ! f9i%+ /roke to ! sy/em & made _! appr5tices free f ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahch4 ,! cr[n colonies h mo/ly imitat$ _! example4 ,! foll[+ table exhibits ! ext5t & population ( ^! colonies4 ,possessions4 ,date ( ,ext5t4 ,population acquisit4 sq4 m4 ,:ite ,slaves ,f4 ,col4 ,anguilla,b1 #afej 4 4 4 #cfe #b1chh #cbg ,antigua,a1 #afcb #ajh #a1ihj #bi1ecg #c1hie ,bahamas,b1 #afbi #d1djj #d1bdj #i1bfh #b1iia ,b>bados,b1 #afbe #aff #ad1iei #hb1hjg #e1adf ,b]mudas,a1 #afaa #bb #c1ije #d1fjh #gch ,dom9ica,b1 #aghc #bge #hdj #ae1cib #c1fjf ,gr5ada,b1 #aghc #abe #hja #bd1ade #c1ghf ,jamaica,b1 #afee #f1djj #cg1jjj #caa1fib #ee1jjj ,monts]rat,b1 #afcb #dg #ccj #f1bfb #had ,nevis,b1 #afbh #bj #gjj #i1bei #b1jjj ,/4 ,*ri/oph]s,b1#afcb #fh #a1fab #ai1caj #c1jjj ,/4 ,lucia,b1 #ahjc #eh #igb #ac1ffa #c1gah ,/4 ,v9c5t,b1 #aghc #acj #a1cja #bc1ehi #b1hbd ,tobago,b1 #agfc #ahg #cbb #ab1eef #a1afd ,tr9idad,b1 #agig #b1dfj #d1bja #bd1jjf #ae1ief ,tortola1 or ,virg9 ,isles,b1 #afff 4 4 4 #hjj #e1cii #fjg ,total1 ,b4,w4,i 4 4 4 #ad1dff #gd1cbh #eic1hgi #aje1egb ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dc1jjj #ce1ejj #bi1jjj ,b]bice,b 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ebc #bj1fde #a1afa ,guiana ,dem>>a,b #ahjc 4 4 4 #c1jjf #fe1eef #f1cfj ,essequibo,b1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,honduras1 #afej #fb1gej #bej #b1ajj #b1cjj ,mauritius1 4 4 4 4 4 4 #h1jjj #gf1jjj #ae1jjj ,total4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #abi1ajg #gic1fhj #aei1cic ,footnote ,a3 ,emancipat$ entirely on ! #a/4 ( ,augu/1 #ahcd4 ,footnote ,b3 ,emancipat$ entirely on ! #a/4 ( ,augu/1 #ahch1 by vote ( ! local legislatures 9 ! *>t]$ ,colonies2 & by ,gov]nor & ,c\ncil1 9 ! ,cr[n ,colonies4 ,! unanimity ) :i* ! appr5tice%ip 0 giv5 up is a mo/ rem>kable & in/ructive fact4 ,9 ! ,c\ncil & ,assembly ( ,monts]rat1 !re 0 an unanim\s decision 9 favor ( ,emancipation z e>ly z ,febru>y #ahch4 ,9 ! legislature ( ,tortola1 :i* pass$ ! bill 9 ,april #ahch1 ! oppos+ p>ty 0 small4 ,9 t ( ,b>bados ! bill 0 pass$ on ! #ae? ( ,may ) b "o diss5t+ voice4 ,9 t ( ,jamaica1 ! bill seems to h be5 pass$ on ! #h? ( ,june1 & ! ,jamaica ,times rem>ks3--,no diss5ti5t voice 0 he>d )9 ! walls ( ! ,assembly1 all jo9$ 9 ! wi% s (t5 express$1 t ! rema9+ t]m ( ! appr5tice%ip %\ld be cancell$1 t ! excitem5t produc$ by a law :i* has done inconceivable h>m 9 ,jamaica1 9 ali5at+ ! affections ( h] p1 & creat+ discord & disaffection1 %\ld at once cease4 ,?ank ,god6 x is n[ ne>ly at an end1 & we tru/ t ,jamaica w enjoy t repose1 s eag]ly & anxi\sly s\ght aft]1 by all :o wi% ! ,isl& well4 ,^! facts come d[n ^u ! "q ( ! safety ( an imm$iate emancipation ) an a =tiori1 a mu* m !n4 ,= x is admitt$ on all h&s t ! appr5tice%ip _h ali5at$ ! affections ( ! p2 !y 7 9 a /ate less favorable to a quiet sequel1 ?an !y 7 be=e ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd1 yet ! dang] 0 n ?\ght (4 ,! safety 0 an argum5t 9 favor ( emancipation1 n aga9/ x4 ,! raw head & bloody bones _h vani%$4 ,! foll[+ is a fair exhibition ( ! feel+ ( ! mo/ influ5tial plant]s1 9 reg>d to ! safety ( ! /ep4 ,f ! ,b>badian1 ,may #i1 #ahch4 ,,at ,a ,,meet+ ,,( ,,! ,,bo>d ,,( ,,legislative ,,c\ncil1 ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,c\rt ,,h\se1 ,,april #bd,,?1 #ahch4 ,! ,"l ,bi%op rose & spoke z foll[s3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 & ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,c\ncil1 ',i 0 in=m$ ye/]day t1 dur+ my abs5ce f ?is isl&1 ! memb]s record$ _! op9ion z to ! exp$i5cy ( absolutely aboli%+ ! appr5tice%ip 9 ,augu/1 #ahch4 ,i am mo/ anxi\s to record my entire concurr5ce 9 ?is resolution1 b ,i wi% x to be und]/ood t ,i d n consid] ! measure z call$ = by any h>d%ips1 "u :i* ! labor]s 9 ?is isl& are suff]+--nor f ! want ( any ess5tial com=t--nor f ! deprivation ( any ?+1 :i* a labor] c fairly claim f 8 ma/]2 /ill ,i d express my concurr5ce 9 ! resolution ( ! bo>d1 & ,i d s on ^! gr\nds3 t ,i am satisfi$ ! measure c be safely c>ri$ 9 ?is isl&1 & if safely1 !n ,i feel ju/ly2 = ,i consid] ! v important int]e/s :i* are involv$ 9 ! measure4 ,i mu/ confess1 too1 t ,i am unwill+ ! ,b>bados %\ld be beh9d any o!r isl&1 especially 9 a measure :i* may be c>ri$ bo? safely & ju/ly1 & :]e its example may be ( su* b5eficial consequ5ce4 ,i am j return$ f visit+ ! ,nor!rn ,isl&s ( ! ,diocese4 ,i h gone ov] e "p ( ,tortola1 & ?\gh x is f> m f]tile ?an ! ,(f ,isl&s1 yet ev5 ^! are suffici5tly productive = ! labor] to raise ! less] & necess>y provision ( life1--& yet ) ^! isl&s 9 _! v face1 ! ,legislature ( ,tortola has pass$ ! act ( abolition4 ,"s ( ! proprietors 7 oppos$ to x1 b !y h n[ giv5 up _! opposition2 & ,i he>d1 :il/ 9 ,antigua1 n only t ! act _h pass$1 b t on ! day ( its pass+1 or ! foll[+ day1 "s ( ! lead+ proprietors rode ?r\gh ! isl&1 & 7 met by ! p ) expressions ( ! utmo/ gratitude1 reg>d+ ! act z a boon grant$ to !m by _! ma/]s4 ,at ,nevis ! act has pass$4 ,at ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s ! c\ncil are 9 favor ( its pass+1 & ) ,nevis emancipat$ 9 its vic9ity1 !re is little d\bt b ! ,act mu/ pass4 ,at ,monts]rat also x has pass$4 ,at ,antigua1 :i* ,i visit$ la/ ye>1 ,i f\nd t e ?+ 0 proce$+ quietly & regul>ly4 ,i f\nd too1 ! plant]s 9 high spirits1 & "s e/ates1 :i* _h be5 giv5 up1 re/or$2 & ! small pat*es & t5em5ts ( ! free p1 comm5c+ la/ ye>1 n[ 9 a v satisfactory /ate ( cultivation4 ,x is possible1 inde$1 t ^! la/ m5tion$1 unless ! population is proportionably increas$1 may affect ! cultivation ( ! l>g] e/ates1 b !re !y are1 & fl\ri%+1 z ,i h describ$1 :il/ ,i 0 9 ! isl&4 ,a contigu\s1 ?\gh ab&on$ e/ate 0 pur*as$ by ,sir ,h5ry ,m>t9 = ab\t #i1ejj l4 curr5cy1 be+ #c1jjj l4 m ?an he _h (f]$ a few ye>s previ\sly4 ,to comp>e ,b>bados ) any o!r isl&1 ei!r z to population1 weal?1 or /ate ( agriculture1 is unnecess>y4 ,i h se5 no?+ l ! comm]cial activity :i* ,i saw 9 ! /reets ye/]day1 except at ,/4 ,?omas2 & ,i feel1 !re=e1 on all ^! gr\nds1 t ! act may be pass$ safely & ju/ly4 ,at ! same "t ,i am n unm9dful or ins5sible to ! /ate ( public op9ion 9 ! "m c\ntry1 nor to ! _m new & h>ass+ annoyances to :i* ! proprietors may be expos$ dur+ a protract$ cont9uance ( ! appr5tice%ip4 ,i reque/ t my full concurr5ce 9 ! resolution ( ! c\ncil1 may be accord$ on ! m9utes ( ?is day's proce$+s4' ,su* is ! te/imony ( a witness 9 no wise w>p$ by prejudice 9 favor ( ! anti-slav]y p>ty4 ,! debates :i* took place 9 ! legislatures ( bo? ,b>bados & ,jamaica1 are full ( simil> te/imony1 utt]$ by m5 e way qualifi$ to be> witness1 & "u influ5ces :i* relieve _! te/imony f e ta9t ( suspicion4 ,9 ! legislature ( ,jamaica1 on ! "q ( a ,committee to br+ 9 a ,bill1 ,mr4 ,,good rem>k$1 ,he c\ld say t ! negroes f _! g5]al good conduct 7 des]v+ ( ! boon4 ,!n :y n give 9 ) a good he>t8 :y exhibit any bad feel+s ab\t ! matt]8 ,!re 7 _m honorable g5tlem5 :o _h b5efitt$ by ! pressure f )\t1 :o ow$ _! rank 9 society & _! seats 9 t h\se to ! indu/ry ( ! negroes4 ,:y %\ld !y n[ %[ a bad he>t 9 ! matt]8--,n9e t5?s ( ! proprietors ( ?is isl& _h det]m9$ ^u giv+ up ! appr5tice%ip4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s 7 to be b5efit$--7 to take _! /ations z m5 ( society1 & he hop$ ! boon w\ld n be ret>d$ by a h&ful ( m5 :o ow$ _! all to slav]y4 ,mr4 ,dallas said1--,! abolition ( ! rema9+ t]m ( appr5tice%ip mu/ take place2 let !m !n jo9 h& & he>t 9 do+ x well1 & ) su* grace z we n[ c\ld4 ,let x h ! appe>ance ( a boon f ourselves1 & n 9 d[nright submission to ! co]cive measures adopt$ by ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t4 ,aft] a committee _h be5 appo9t$ to prep>e & br+ 9 a ,bill = ! abolition ( ! appr5tice%ip1 a memb] rose & propos$ t ! #bh? ( ,june %\ld be its t]m9ation4 ,we give 8 spee* z report$ 9 ! ,jamaica pap]s1 to %[ h[ fanatical ev5 a slavehold] may become4 ,on ! memb]s resum+ _! seats1 ,mr4 ,,h>t propos$ t x be an in/ruction to ! committee appo9t$ to br+ 9 ! bill or aboli%+ ! rema9d] ( ! appr5tice%ip1 to ins]t a clause 9 x1 t ! op]ation ( t bill %\ld comm5ce on ! #bh? ( ,june1 t be+ ! day appo9t$ = ! coronation ( ! ,que54 ,he felt pr\d 9 tell+ ! h\se t he 0 ! repres5tative ( ! black population4 ,he 0 s5t !re by ! blacks & 8 o!r fri5ds4 ,! :ite ,*ri/ians _h _! repres5tatives1 ! p ( color _h _! repres5tatives1 & he hop$ %ortly to see ! day :5 ! blacks w\ld s5d 9 _! own repres5tatives4 ,he want$ ! ?+ done at once1 ,sir1 said ! honorable memb] wax+ w>m4 ,x 0 nons5se to delay x4 ,x c\ld be done 9 ?ree l9es z he said be=e1 dele #ahdj & put 9 #ahch4 ,t 0 all t !y _h to d4 ,if x 7 possible1 let ! ?+ be done 9 two words4 ,he w5t !re to d 8 duty to 8 con/itu5ts1 & he 0 det]m9$ to d s4 ,8 black fri5ds look$ up to him to protect !m--& he w\ld press 8 motion t all ! appr5tices 9 ! isl& %\ld be cr[n$ on ! #bh? ( ,june4 7,?und]+ ro>s ( laught]47 ,he 0 z indep5d5t z any honorable memb]1 & w\ld deliv] 8 s5tim5t1 )\t c>+ :o 7 & :o 7 n pleas$4 ,he 0 possess$ ( prop]ty 9 appr5tices--he _h an e/ate ) ne>ly two hundr$ negroes1 t he 0 det]m9$ to cr[n on ! #bh? ( ,june4 7,increas$ ro>s ( laught] 9 ! h\se1 & at ! b>47 ,he w\ld n be laugh$ d[n4 ,8 prop]ties 7 n encumb]$4 ,he w\ld n owe any?+ on !m aft] !y 7 paid =1 & t he c\ld d4 7,l\d laught]47 ,he 0 det]m9$ to h 8 op9ion4 ,z he _h said be=e1 ! #bh? day ( ,june be+ fix$ = ! coronation ( all ! negroes 9 ! isl&1 t is ! day !y ought to be releas$ f ! appr5tice%ip4 7,?und]+ & deaf5+ ro>s ( laught]74 7,"h ! honorable memb] 0 told t ! ,que5 0 to be cr[n$ on t day47 ,ah1 well1 he _h made a mi/ake1 b he w\ld tell ! h\se ! tru?1 he _h made up 8 m9d to give 8 appr5tices fre$om on t day1 b he did n wi% to d x )\t 8 neighbors do+ ! same1 le/ !y %\ld say he 0 sett+ a bad example4 ,he w\ld press 8 motion to a division4 ,x _h be5 second$ by 8 honorable fri5d on 8 "r4--7,aside1 ,good1 didn't y promise to second x87 ,! honorable memb] !n read 8 motion1 & h&$ x up to ! cl]k4 ,! mi/ake ( ?is lib]al desc5dant ( ,israel1 :i* excit$ s mu* m]rim5t 01 aft] all1 n a v un=tunate "o1 if ! cr[n ( manhood is m important ?an t ( mon>*y4 ,! memb]s object$ to s ne> an approa* to imm$iatism1 n1 h[ev]1 be x rem>k$1 on acc\nt ( ! unfitness ( ! appr5tices1 7slaves7 b _! own conv5i5ce4 ,among ^? :o repli$ to ,mr4 ,h>t1 0 ,mr4 ,osborn1 ( unm+l$ ,african blood1 born a slave1 & :o1 we are in=m$1 0 a successful competitor = ! seat he n[ occupies aga9/ ! v man :o =m]ly claim$ him z prop]ty4 ,mr4 ,osborn & 8 p>tn] ,mr4 ,jordon 7 editors ( ! ,jamaica ,wat*man1 & _h cont5d$ manfully = lib]ty :5 x 0 a dang]\s ^w4 ,mr4 ,osborn said3--,he 0 a/oni%$ at ! gallop+ lib]ality :i* seem$ to h seiz$ "s honorable memb]s1 n[ !re 0 no?+ to cont5d =4 ,_! lib]ality seem$ to h outrun all prud5ce4 ,:]e 7 !y & _! lib]ality :5 x 0 almo/ dea? to brea* ! "q ( slav]y8 ,:at _h become ( _! philan?ropy8 ,b no1 x 0 n conv5i5t !n4 ,! /ream 0 too /rong = !m to resi/4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 :5 ! "q 0 f9ally settl$1 :5 no?+ rema9$ = !m to d1 x 0 ! "t t "s honorable g5tlem5 began to clamor _! lib]ality1 & began a race :o %\ld be ! fir/1 or :o %\ld h ! honor ( fir/ t]m9at+ ! appr5tice%ip4 ,he hop$ ! motion w\ld be )drawn1 & ! discussion put an end to4 ,:at _h become ( ! visions ( blood & slaught]8 ,c\ld !re be m impressive te/imony to ! safety ( ,emancipation 9 all1 ev5 ! wor/ cases8 ,we might add to ?is te/imony t ( ! univ]sal newspap] press ( ! ,briti% ,we/ ,india colonies4 ,we h room1 h[ev]1 to select only f a few ( ! well kn[n oppon5ts ( fre$om4 ,we s]i\sly call ^u our repres5tatives to consid] well all ! be>+s ( ! "q1 & if !y _c resi/ effectually ^! encroa*m5ts ( ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t1 adopt ! rema9+ alt]native ( sav+ !mselves f an infliction1 by giv+ up at once & entirely1 ! bone ( cont5tion betwe5 u4 ,?us only %all we dis>m1 if any?+ 9 reason or 9 nature c1 our enemies ( _! sl&]\s weapons ( (f5ce1 & secure 9 z f> z possible1 a spe$y & safe return ( peace & prosp]ity to ! di/ract$ colony4--,)\t ?is sacrifice on our p>ts1 we see no %elt] f our suff]+s--no amelioration ( pres5t wrongs--no hope = ! future2 b on ! contr>y1 a sy/ematic & remorseless tra9 laid = ! ultimate ru9 ( e proprietor 9 ! c\ntry4 ,) ?is sacrifice :i* c only be to any ext5t to a few & :i* ! wisdom ( our legislature may possibly f9d out "s means or o!r ( comp5sation1 we h ! hope t ! sun%9e ( ,jamaica's prosp]ity %all n receive any f>!r dim9ution2 b %all r dawn aga9 ) r5ew$ vigor2 :5 all %all be alike free "u ! protection ( ! same law1 & ! same law-giv]s2 & all %all be alike am5able to ! p[]s t puni% )\t favor & )\t affection4--,jamaica ,/&>d4 ,!re is great reason to expect t _m ,jamaica proprietors w anticipate ! p]iod e/abli%$ by ! ,slav]y ,abolition ,act = ! t]m9ation ( ! appr5tice%ip4 ,!y w1 z an act ( grace1 & ) a view to _! future arrangem5ts ) _! negroes1 t]m9ate ! appr5tice%ip ei!r ( all at once1 or by giv+ imm$iate fre$om to ! mo/ des]v+2 try ! effect ( ?is gift1 & ( ! example af=d$ to ! appr5tices :5 !y see ^? :o h be5 dis*>g$ f ! appr5tice%ip work+ on ! e/ates = wages4 ,if su* a c\rse is adopt$1 x w af=d an additional motive = induc+ ! ,legislature to consid] :e!r ! good feel+ ( ! labor+ population1 & _! future connection ) _! =m] employ]s1 may n be promot$ by p]mitt+ !m to owe to ! grace ( _! own ,legislature ! t]m9ation ( ! appr5tice%ip z soon z ! requisite legislation = ! new /ate ( ?+s has be5 adopt$4--,jamaica ,despat*4 ,( su* sort z ?is is ! te/imony f all ! ,colonies1 mo/ abundantly publi%$ 9 ! ,emancipator & o!r abolition pap]s1 to ! po9t ( ! safety ( entire ,emancipation4 ,at ! "t :5 ! /ep 0 tak51 x 0 univ]sally conclud$ t s f> f be+ dang]\s x promis$ ! greate/ safety4 ,x w\ld n only put an end to ! dang] appreh5d$ f ! =eign int]f]5ce ( ! abolitioni/s1 b x w\ld conciliate ! negroes6 ,& we are n able to f9d any "o :o pr(esses to be disappo9t$ ) ! result ?us f>4 ,! only evil n[ compla9$ (1 is ! new freem5 d n 9 "s in/ances *oose to "w on ! t]ms (f]$ by ! plant]s4 ,!y h %$ no man's blood4 ,!y h committ$ no depr$ation4 ,!y peaceably obey ! laws4 ,all ?is1 up to ! late/ date1 is univ]sally admitt$4 ,nei!r does any "o n[ presume to prophesy any?+ diff]5t = ! future4 ,,indu/ry4 ,on ! "o topic ( ! indu/ry ( ! ,emancipat$ p1 ! ,we/ ,indian pap]s give ! mo/ conflict+ acc\nts4 ,"s repres5t !m z labor+ ) alacrity1 dilig5ce & effect :]ev] any?+ l an adequate comp5sation is (f]$4 ,x is ass]t$ by "s1 & n d5i$ by any au?orities t we h se51 t ! emancipat$ are indu/ri\sly at "w on ^? e/ates :]e ! ma/]s volunt>ily rel9qui%$ ! appr5tice%ip be=e ! fir/ ( ,augu/ & met _! fre$ p 9 good fai?4 ,b mo/ ( ! pap]s1 especially 9 ,jamaica1 compla9 griev\sly t ! fre$ p w "w on no reasonable t]ms4 ,we give a fair specim5 f "o ( ! ,jamaica pap]s1 on :i* our political editors *oose mo/ to rely = _! in=mation3-- ,9 ref]r+ to ! /ate ( ! c\ntry ?is week1 we h /ill ! same tale to tell ( little "w1 & t little indiff]5tly done1 b exorbitantly *>g$ =2 & :]ev] resi/$1 a g5]al /rike is ! consequ5ce4 ,n[ ?is1 :atev] m fav\rable complexion ! int]e/$ & s9i/] motives ( o!rs may attempt to ?r[ ar\nd x1 is ! real /ate ( matt]s ^u n9e-t5?s ( ! prop]ties situat$ 9 ,/4 ,james's1 ,we/morel&1 & ,hanov]4 ,9 ,trelawny !y appe> to be do+ a little bett]2 b t only arises1 we are confid5t f ! long] purses1 & pati5ce ( endurance "u exorbitant wages1 exhibit$ by ! g5]ality ( ! manag]s ( t p>i%4 ,let !m wait till !y f9d !y c no long] cont9ue mak+ sug> at its pres5t exp5sive rate1 & !y w !n f9d :e!r ,trelawny is sub/antially 9 a bett] condition ?an ei!r ( ! o!r p>ties4--,/&>d1 quot$ 9 ! ,morn+ ,j\rnal ( ,nov4 #b4 ,?is is ! tale inde$1 ( a great "p ( ! ,we/ ,india pap]s1 sung to ! same hum drum tune ev] s9ce ! fir/ ( ,augu/2 & s fai?fully e*o$ by our own pro slav]y press t _m ( our e/imable fell[ citiz5s h giv5 x up t ! great exp]im5t has turn$ out unfavorably1 & t ! color$ population ( ! ,we/ ,indies are rapidly s9k+ f ! condition ( slaves to t ( idle freem54 ,7 we all 9 a position p]fectly dis9t]e/$ & above ! peculi> influ5ce ( slav]y1 we might p]haps consid] ^! compla9ts z ask+ =1 r ?an aga9/1 ! "* ( ! ,emancipat$ & ! cause ( fre$om1 inasmu* z !y prove ! =m] slaves to h bo? ! discretion & ! _s :i* %\ld *>act]ise freem54 ,b to ! peculi> optics :i* ab\nd 9 ^! ,unit$ ,/ates x may be necess>y to %[ ! entire picture4 ,to prove 9 ! fir/ place ! g5]al falsehood ( ! compla9ts !mselves x is only necess>y to adv]t to rec5t (ficial docum5ts4 ,= our pres5t purpose x w be suffici5t to ref] to ,jamaica4 ,! legislature 0 conv5$ on ! #cj? ( ,octob] & address$ by ! ,gov]nor ,sir ,lionel ,smi? 9 a spee* ( :i* ! foll[+ extract p]ta9s to our subject3-- ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,c\ncil1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 & ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,h\se ( ,assembly1 ,! mo/ important ev5t 9 ! annals ( colonial hi/ory has tak5 place s9ce la/ ,i _h ! pleasure ( meet+ ! legislature ( ?is ,isl&2 & ,i am happy 9 be+ able to decl>e t ! conduct ( ! labor+ population1 :o 7 !n ! objects ( y\r lib]al & enlight5$ policy1 entitles !m to ! highe/ praise1 & amply proves h[ ,,well ,,!y ,,h ,,des]v$ ! boon ( fre$om4 ,x 0 n to be expect$ t ! total ext9ction ( ! appr5tice%ip law w\ld be foll[$ by an in/antane\s return to active labor1 b feel+ z ,i d ! deepe/ int]e/ 9 ! successful result ( ! great measurem5t n[ 9 progress1 ,i s9c]ely congratulate y & ! c\ntry at l>ge1 on ! improvem5t :i* is daily tak+ place on ! resumption ( indu/ri\s habits1 & ,i ,,tru/ ,,!re ,,is ,,e ,,prospect ,,( ,,agricultural ,,prosp]ity4 ,su* is ! te/imony ( a ,gov]nor :o is no /rang] 9 ! ,we/ ,indies & :o 0 put 9 ! place ( ,"l ,sligo z m acceptable to ! plant]s4 ,b :at said ! ,h\se ( ,assembly 9 reply8--a ,h\se made up *iefly ( attornies :o _h m int]e/ ?an any o!r m5 9 ! cont9uance ( ! old sy/em & :o1 z w pres5tly be %[n1 7 n unwill+ to h ! exp]im5t fail8 ,!y speak z foll[s3-- ,may x ,please y\r ,excell5cy1 ,we1 h] ,maje/y's dutiful & loyal subjects1 ! ,assembly ( ,jamaica1 ?ank y\r ,excell5cy = y\r spee* at ! op5+ ( ! session4 ,! ,h\se jo9 y\r ,excell5cy 9 be>+ te/imony ,,to ,,! ,,peaceable ,,mann] 9 :i* ! labor+ population h conduct$ !mselves 9 a /ate ( ,,fre$om4 ,x c]ta9ly 0 n to be expect$ t s great a *ange 9 ! condition ( ! p w\ld be foll[$ by an imm$iate return to active labor4 ,! ,h\se1 h[ev]1 are will+ to believe t "s degree ( improvem5t is tak+ place1 & !y s9c]ely jo9 9 ! ,,hope express$ by y\r ,excell5cy1 t ! agricultural int]e/s ( ! ,isl& may ultimately prosp]1 by a resumption ( indu/ri\s habits on ! "p ( ! peasantry 9 _! new condition4 ,?is settles ! "q4 ,^? :o w n be conv9c$ by su* docum5ts z ^! t ! mass ( ! ,emancipat$ 9 ,jamaica are ready to d _! "p 9 ! sy/em ( free labor1 w\ld n be conv9c$ if "o rose f ! de$ to prove x4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to inve/igate ! causes ( ! compla9ts1 & inquire :y 9 num]\s cases ! negros h refus$ to "w4 ,let u fir/ g back to ! debates ,jamaica ,legislature on ! passage ( ! ,emancipation bill 9 ,june1 & see :e!r we c discov] ! temp] 9 :i* x 0 pass$1 & ! prospect ( good fai? 9 its execution4 ,we c h>dly d\bt t "s memb]s1 & "s especially f ^: spee*es on t occasion we h already quot$1 design$ really to conf] ! boon ( fre$om4 ,b o!rs spoke v diff]5tly4 ,to und]/& _! language we mu/ comm5ce ) ! ,gov]nor's spee* at ! op5+ ( ! session3-- ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,c\ncil1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 & ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,assembly1 ,i h call$ y toge!r1 at an unusual season1 to take x to y\r consid]ation ! /ate ( ! ,isl& "u ! ,laws ( ,appr5tice%ip1 = ! lab\r+ population4 ,i ne$ n ref] y to ! agitation on ?is subject ?r\gh\t ! ,briti% ,empire1 or to ! discussions ^u x 9 ,p>liam5t1 :]e ! hon\rable ef=ts ( ! m9i/ry 7 b>ely f\nd suffici5t to pres]ve ! orig9al duration ( ! ,laws1 z an obligation ( ! ,national fai?4 ,i %all lay be=e y "s despat*es on ?is subject4 99 99 99 99 99 ,g5tlem51 ,g5]al agitation & ,p>liam5t>y int]f]5ce h n1 ,i am afraid1 yet t]m9at$4 ,a correspond+ excitem5t has be5 long go+ on among ! appr5tices !mselves1 b /ill !y h re/$ 9 sob] & quiet hopes1 rely+ on y\r g5]osity1 t y w ext5d to !m t boon :i* has be5 grant$ to _! class 9 o!r ,colonies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,c\ncil1 ,mr4 ,speak] & ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,assembly1 ,9 ?is po/ure ( affairs1 x is my duty to decl>e my s5tim5ts1 & di/9ctly to recomm5d to y ! e>ly & equal abolition ( ! appr5tice%ip = all classes4 ,i d s 9 confid5ce t ! appr5tices w be f\nd wor?y ( fre$om1 & t x w op]ate z a d\ble bless+1 by secur+ also ! future int]e/s ( ! plant]s4 ,i am comm&$1 h[ev]1 to in=m y t h] ,maje/y's m9i/]s w n ent]ta9 any "q ( fur!r comp5sation4 ,b %\ld y\r views be oppos$ to ! policy ,i recomm5d1 ,i w\ld entreat y to consid] well h[ impracticable x w become to c>ry on co]cive labor--always difficult1 x w\ld 9 future be 9 p]il ( con/ant comp>isons ) o!r colonies made free1 & ) ^? e/ates 9 ?is isl& made free by individual proprietors4 ,z ,gov]nor1 "u ^! circum/ances1 & ,i nev] %r9k f any ( my responsibilities1 ,i pron\nce x physically impossible to ma9ta9 ! appr5tice%ip ) any hope ( successful agriculture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,c\ncil1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 & g5tlem5 ( ! ,assembly4 ,jamaica1 is 9 y\r h&s--%e requires repose1 by ! removal ( a law :i* has equally torm5t$ ! labor]1 & disappo9t$ ! plant]--a law by :i* man /ill con/ra9s man 9 unnatural s]vitude4 ,?is is h] fir/ exig5cy4 ,= h] future welf>e %e appeals to y\r wisdom to legislate 9 ! _s ( ! times1 ) lib]ality & b5evol5ce t[>ds all classes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 su* a man z ,sir ,lionel ,smi? pron\nc$ x no long] practicable to c>ry on co]cive labor1 he mu/ h be5 a bold z well z a ra% plant] :o w\ld v5ture to hold on to ! old sy/em "u ,"l ,gl5elg's improvem5t ,act4 ,accord+ly we f9d "s ( ! /aun*e/ advocates ( slav]y1 m5 :o _h be5 fatt5+ on ! oppression ( ! appr5tices up to t mom5t ! fir/1 & ! mo/ precipitate1 is _! proposals ( abolition4 ,mr4 ,hyslop1 ,mr4 ,gay & o!rs 7 = act+ at once on ! ,gov]nor's spee* )\t ref]r+ x to a committee4 ,! =m] said3 ,he believ$ t a proposition w\ld be made to ab&on ! appr5tice%ip f ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 b he w\ld say let x be ab&on$ f ,sunday next4 ,he w\ld !re=e move t ! spee* be made ! ord] ( ! day = tomorr[4 ,mr4 ,guy said3-- ,! ,gov]nor's spee* conta9$ no?+ m ?an :at e ,g5tlem5 expect$1 & :at e ,g5tlem51 he believ$1 0 prep>$ to d4 ,9 %ort he w\ld /ate t a bill _h already be5 prep>$ by him1 :i* he int5d$ to introduce tomorr[1 = ! abolition ( ! appr5tice%ip on ! #a/ ( ,augu/ next4 ,bo? ^! g5tlem5 are well kn[n by ! read]s ( ,jamaica pap]s z ob/9ate def5d]s slav]y4 ,! latt] 0 s passionately devot$ to ! abuses ( ! appr5tice%ip t ,"l ,sligo 0 oblig$ to dismiss him f ! po/ ( ,adjutant ,g5]al ( militia4 ,9 ! ardor ( 8 atta*m5t to ! peculi> in/itution ( gett+ "w )\t pay1 he is report$ to h decl>$ on a public occasion1 t ! ,briti% m9i/ry 7 a p>cel ( reptiles & t ! ,engli% nation 0 fa/ go+ to ! dogs4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ! debate3-- ,mr4 ,guy hop$ ! h\se w\ld n g into a discussion ( ! nature ( ! appr5tice%ip1 or ! t]ms ^u :i* x 0 =c$ u by ! gov]nm5t4 ,all t he knew ab\t ! matt] 01 t x 0 a "p & p>cel ( ! comp5sation4 ,gov]nm5t _h s decl>$ x4 ,9 %ort x 0 made law4 ,he c\ld n help believ+ t ! ,hon4 memb] = ,trelawny1 0 argu+ aga9/ ! dictates ( 8 own hone/ he>t--t he came !re cut & dry ) a spee* prep>$ to def5d ! gov]nm5t4 ,mr4 ,b>clay1 to :om1 "s ye>s ago1 ! plant]s gave a spl5did s]vice ( plate = 8 +5i\s def5ce ( slav]y aga9/ ! t]rible p5 ( ,,james ,,/eph51 said x appe>$ to be ! g5]al feel+ ( ! h\se t ! appr5tice%ip %\ld be done away )4 ,be t z x may1 he 0 free to say t 9 t "p ( ! isl& he 0 f1 & c]ta9ly x 0 a l>ge & weal?y di/rict1 ! appr5tice%ip sy/em _h work$ well1 & all p>ties appe>$ satisfi$ ) x4 ,he d5i$ t !re exi/$ any necessity to di/urb ! work+ ( ! sy/em1 x w\ld h gradually slid$ into absolute fre$om if !y 7 p]mitt$ to regulate _! own affairs1 b ! gov]nm5t1 or r1 ! p ( ,engl&1 _h =c$ on ! pr$icam5t 9 :i* !y 7 plac$4 ,! m9i/ry c\ld n help !mselves--,!y 7 driv5 to violate ! national compact1 n 9 express words1 x is true1 b 9 fact4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ! =ce ( public op9ion t op]at$ 9 produc+ ! *ange4 ,!y 7 plac$ 9 a situation f :i* !y c\ld h>dly extricate !mselves4-- ,!y _h no alt]native1 he 0 afraid1 b to g along ) ! /ream4 ,mr4 ,hamilton ,br[n1 :o at ! comm5cem5t ( ! appr5tice%ip came into a ,special ,magi/rate's c\rt & publicly told him t unless he & 8 colleagues did _! duty by hav+ rec\rse to a frequ5t & vigor\s application ( ! la%1 !re w\ld he rebellion 9 ! ,p>i% 7( ,/4 ,ann's67 9 less ?an a mon?1 & all ! responsibility ( su* a calamity w\ld re/ on _! %\ld]s6 disc\rs$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,x 0 always und]/ood1 = ! appr5tice%ip _h become m>ketable4 ,prop]ties _h be5 b\ght & sold ) !m1 _! "t _h be5 b\ght by o!rs1 & by !mselves4 ,he _h no hesitation 9 say+1 t ! /atem5ts :i* _h be5 made 9 ,engl& aga9/ ! plant]s 7 z false z hell--!y _h be5 concoct$ "h1 & s5t home by a p>cel ( spies 9 ! isl&4 ,!y 7 repres5t$ z a cruel set ( m51 z hav+ outrag$ ! feel+s ( humanity t[>ds ! negroes1 or 9 matt]s 9 :i* !y 7 conc]n$4 ,?is 0 false4 ,he did n mean to d5y t !re 7 a few in/ances ( cruelty to ! appr5tices1 b !n ^? 7 isolat$ cases1 & 0 x n h>d t a hue & cry %\ld be rais$ aga9/ ! :ole body ( plant]s1 & all made to suff] on acc\nt ( ^? few4 ,he w\ld say t !re 0 a great] disposition to be cruel to ! negroes ev9c$ by "y m5 arriv+ 9 ?is isl& f ,engl&1 ?an by ! plant]s4 ,!re 01 inde$1 a great deal ( difficulty 9 re/ra9+ !m f do+ s1 b ! long] !y liv$ 9 ! c\ntry1 ! m k9d & humane !y became4 ,! negroes 7 bett] (f "h ?an _m ( ! p ( ,great ,brita91 & !y w\ld h be5 cont5t$1 _h x n be5 = ! injudici\s int]f]5ce ( "s ( ! ,special ,ju/ices4 ,:o _h ev] he>d ( negroes be+ />v$ to dea?8 ,_h !y n read acc\nts 9 ! ,engli% pap]s ( m5 de/roy+ _! wives1 _! *ildr51 & aft]w>ds !mselves1 because !y c\ld n obta9 food4 ,!y _h be5 grossly defraud$ ( _! prop]ty2 & aft] do+ t1 x 0 n[ s\ght to de/roy _! con/itutional rights4 ,he w\ld repeat1 !y _h be5 grossly defraud$ ( _! prop]ty4 ,"h is ! true slavehold]1 logic1 *ivalry & all4 ,mr4 ,frat] said1 among o!r ?+s1 ,he knew t x might be said ! bill 7,"l ,gl5elg's7 did n g to ! ext5t ( free+ ! negroes--t we are ab\t to d ourselves1 b he w\ld ask :e!r we 7 n driv5 into ! difficulty by :i* we are n[ surr\nd$6 ,_h we n be5 br\ght into ?is al>m+ position1 into ?is exig5cy1 by ! conduct ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4 ,:y d we n tell ! ,engli% nation frankly & c&idly1 t !y agre$ to give ! plant] six ye>s' s]vices ( _! appr5tices1 z a "p ( ! comp5sation1 & if !y desir$ to d away ) x1 t we mu/ be paid = x1 o!rwise we w ,,n ,,answ] ,,= ,,any ,,*ange1 ,,= ,,any ,,evils ,,:i* ,,are ,,likely ,,to ,,ensue4 ,:y did ! gov]nm5t =ce su* an obnoxi\s bill ^u u8 ,!y _h 9 sub/ance done ?is1 !y refus$ to annul ! appr5tice%ip !mselves1 x is true1 b said1 we w place !m 9 a situation t w compel !m to d x !mselves4 ,he mu/ say t ! ,gov]nm5t _h act$ c[>dly & unju/ly1 !y _h 9 sub/ance depriv$ !m ( ! fur!r two ye>s' s]vices ( _! appr5tices1 agreeably to ! compact ent]$ into1 ^u a pretext t we _h n kept fai? ) !m1 & n[ tell u !y w give u no comp5sation4 ,he hop$ ! allusion to x 9 ! address w\ld be reta9$4 ,we beg ! pati5t att5tion ( ! read] to /ill m ( ^! extracts4 ,! pres5t /ate ( ?+s 9 ,jamaica r5d]s !m v important4 ,x is indisp5sable to a correct judgm5t ( ! results ( ! exp]im5t to und]/& 9 :at temp] x 0 ent]$ ^u by ! p>ties4 ,no?+ c %[ ?is m cle>ly or au?oritatively ?an ! quotations we are mak+4 ,we f9d ano!r little torr5t ( eloqu5ce f ! same ,mr4 ,hamilton ,br[n above quot$4 ,he & sev]al o!r g5tlem5 rose to reply to ! /atem5ts ( ,ri*>d ,hill1 a fri5d ( fre$om1 & ,secret>y ( ! ,special ,magi/racy4 ,mr4 ,br[n--,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i am on my legs1 ,sir4 ,i say t we h to ?ank ! ,special ,ju/ices1 & ! private in/ructions :i* !y h act$ ^u1 = all ! evils t h occurr$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,_h !y tak5 ! law = _! guide1 _h !y act$ ^u t1 ,sir1 & n ^u _! private in/ructions1 e ?+ w\ld h gone on spl5didly1 & we %\ld h done well4 ,b !y _h de/roy$ ! negroes ) _! in/ructions1 !y _h giv5 !m bad advice1 & enc\rag$ !m 9 disob$i5ce to _! ma/]s4 ,i say x1 ,sir1 9 ! face ( ?is committee--,i w\ld say x on my dea?-b$ tomorr[1 t if ! ,/ip5di>y ,magi/rates _h done _! duty all w\ld h gone on well1 & ,i told 8 ,excell5cy t he might !n h slept on a b$ ( roses4 ,"h 0 "o ( ! aboli%]s ( ! appr5tice%ip :o held t m flogg+ w\ld h made x "w m spl5didly4 ,mr4 ,hugh ,fras] ,leslie1 :o ! ,febru>y be=e _h1 9 8 place 9 ! ,assembly1 d5om9at$ ! anti-slav]y delegates assembl$ 9 ,london1 z a set ( crawl+ wret*es2 ! scum & refuse ( society4 ,! wa%+s & scrap+s ( ! manufactur+ di/ricts1 c4 c4 n[ deliv]$ himself ( ! foll[+3-- ,he w\ld ask any man 9 ! h\se1 nay1 9 ! c\ntry1 :e!r ! h\se _h any discretion left to !m 9 ! /eps !y 7 ab\t to take8 ,c\ld x be d5i$1 t !y 7 driv5 to ! pres5t alt]native8 ,c\ld !y any long] say !y 7 an indep5d5t legislature8 ,x w\ld be prepo/]\s--absolutely absurd to ent]ta9 any su* idea4 ,! appr5tice%ip _h be5 =c$ ^u ! c\ntry z a "p & p>cel ( ! plant]s' comp5sation--x _h be5 work+ well1 & w\ld ins5sibly h slid$ into a /ate ( absolute fre$om1 _h ! ma/]s be5 left alone to !mselves4 ,x is n[ utt]ly impracticable to cont9ue x4 ,a mo/ obnoxi\s measure _h be5 pass$ by ! ,briti% p>liam5t1 & s5t out to ?is c\ntry to be promulgat$ by ! ,gov]nor z ! law ( ! l&4 ,! functions ( ! legislature 7 put 9 abeyance1 & a ,briti% act cramm$ d[n _! ?roats4 ,x c\ld n be d5i$ t !y 7 n[ "u a milit>y ,gov]nm5t4 ,he 0 only sorry t ! ?+ _h n be5 m hone/ly done2 9 8 op9ion1 x w\ld h be5 bett] = all classes1 = !n ! gov]nm5t w\ld h tak5 all ! responsibilities :i* might att5d ! sudd5 *ange !y _h driv5 ! h\se to make1 & f9d ! means ( conduct+ ! affairs ( ! c\ntry into a peaceable & successful /ate4 ,let any p]son look to ! excitem5t :i* at pres5t prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 c\ple t ) ! spee* :i* _h be5 deliv]$ by ! ,gov]nor1 & say if x 0 any long] practicable to c>ry "o ! sy/em ( appr5tice%ip4 ,) respect to ! doctr9e :i* _h be5 broa*$1 t ! appr5tice%ip 0 n a "p & p>cel ( ! compact betwe5 ! gov]nm5t & ! plant]s2 t !y 7! plant]s7 did n possess an absolute b an incid5tal "r to ! s]vices ( _! appr5tices1 he confess$ he 0 at a loss to und]/& x1 he 0 incapable ( draw+ s nice a di/9ction4 ,he repeat$1 ! gov]nm5t & nation _h made ! appr5tice%ip a "p ( ! consid]ation ( ! abolition ( slav]y1 & hav+ plac$ u 9 a situation to r5d] its cont9uance impracticable !y 7 b\nd 9 honor & common hone/y to comp5sate u = ! two ye>s4 ,once m1 & we h done4 ,mr4 ,b]ry said1 ,he did n ?9k t because ! ,gov]nor said !y 7 n entitl$ to comp5sation1 t !re=e !y %\ld give up ! claim :i* !y unque/ionably _h ^u ! ,briti% nation = fur!r comp5sation4 ,he w\ld cont5d also1 t ! appr5tice%ip 0 "o "p ( ! consid]ation = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,he _h he>d x rem>k$ t ! appr5tice%ip mu/ cease1 b x ought to be add$ t !y 7 compell$--!y 7 driv5 to put an end to x by ! ,gov]nm5t1 ?\gh !y 7 conv9c$ t nei!r p>ty 0 at ?is mom5t prep>$ = imm$iate ab&onm5t4 ,! ,gov]nor1 9 8 op5+ spee*1 _h told ! h\se t f ! agitation at home1 & ! correspond+ agitation :i* at ! pres5t mom5t prevail$ "h1 x 0 physically impossible to c>ry "o ! appr5tice%ip ) advantage to ma/]s & lab\r]s4 ,he w\ld take leave to rem>k1 t ! appr5tice%ip 0 work+ v well--9 "s ( ! p>i%es _h work$ extremely well4 ,:]e ?is 0 n ! case1 x 0 attributable to ! improp] conduct ( ! ,special ,ju/ices4 ,he did n mean to reflect ^u !m all2 !re 7 "s honorable exceptions1 b he w\ld say t a great deal ( ! ill-feel+ :i* _h aris5 9 ! c\ntry betwe5 ! ma/]s & _! appr5tices1 0 to be trac$ to ! injudici\s advice & conduct ( ! special ,ju/ices4 ,su* 7 ! s5tim5ts ( by f> ! majority ( ^? :o spoke 9 ! ,assembly4 ,su*1 d\btless1 7 ! s5tim5ts ( m ?an n9e-t5?s ( ! p]sons inve/$ ) ! managem5t ( e/ates 9 ,jamaica4 ,:at1 !n if we _h he>d t n9e-t5?s ( ! emancipat$ _h refus$ to be employ$8 ,c\ld t h be5 c\nt$ a failure ( ! exp]im5t8 ,0 !re any reason to believe t ! plant]s w\ld n resort to e species ( oppression compatible ) a sy/em ( wages8 ,be=e proce$+ to ! "q ( wages1 h[ev]1 we invite ! read] to scan ! temp] & disposition ( ! p>ties ( ! o!r "p1 viz41 ! labor+ population4 ,let u obs]ve m c>efully h[ !y behav$ at ! important p]iod ( ,,transition ,two ( ! /urdie/ advocates ( slav]y1 ! ,jamaica ,/&>d & ! ,cornwall ,c\ri]1 speak z foll[s3-- ,! ,/&>d says--,on ,tuesday ev5+1 7,july #ca71 ! ,wesleyan1 & we believe1 ,bapti/ ,*apels1 7,/4 ,james'7 7 op5$ = s]vice--! =m] be+ ta/efully decorat$ ) bran*es ( ! palm1 sage1 & o!r trees1 ) a v>iety ( appropriate devices1 hav+ a portrait ( h] ,maje/y 9 ! c5t]1 & a cr[n above4 ,:5 we visit$ ! ,*apel1 ab\t #aj o'clock1 x 0 completely full1 b n cr[d$1 ! g5]ality ( ! audi5ce well dress$2 & all evid5tly ( ! bett] class ( ! color$ & negro population4 ,%ortly aft]1 we und]/&1 a v excell5t & mod]n s]mon1 9 all political po9ts1 0 deliv]$ by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,k]r1 ! highly respect$ pa/or4 ,! congregation 0 dismiss$ %ortly aft] #ab o'clock2 at :i* h\r ! *ur* bell comm5c$ its solemn peal1 & a few noisy spirits welcom$ 9 ! morn+ ( ,fre$om ) l\d *e]s1 & plant$ a huge bran*1 :i* !y t]m$ ! ,tree ( ,lib]ty1 9 ! c5t] ( ! two roads cross+ ! m>ket squ>e4 ,aga9 ! ,/&>d obs]ves1 ,! long1 & some:at anxi\sly expect$ jubilee ( ,emancipation has arriv$1 & n[ ne>ly pass$ ov]1 ) a rem>kable degree ( quiet & circumspection4 ,( ,/4 ,james's ( c\rse1 we speak m p>ticul>ly1--,/4 ,james's1 hi!rto ! mo/ revil$1 & mo/ unw>rantably calumniat$ p>i%1 ( all ! p>i%es 9 ?is un=tunate & di/ract$ colony6 ,! ,cornwall ,c\ri] says1 ,! fir/ ( ,augu/1 ! mo/ important day ev] witness$ 9 ,jamaica1 has pass$ quietly z f> z actual di/urbance is conc]n$4 ,! ,jamaica ,morn+ ,j\rnal1 ( ^: rec5t c\rse ! plant]s %\ld be ! la/ to compla91 gives m p>ticul> in=mation ( ! transition 9 all p>ts ( ! isl&4 ,we give copi\s extracts1 = to dwell ^u su* a sc5e mu/ s(t5 ! he>t4 ,x is good sometimes to behold ! joy ( m]e brute fre$om--! b\nd+s ( ! noble horse fre$ f 8 /able & 8 halt]--! glad homew>d flight ( ! bird f its cage--b "h 0 besides ! rational joy ( a heav5-born nature4 ,"h 7 #cjj1jjj s\ls set free2 & on w+s ( gratitude fly+ upw>ds to ! ?rone ( ,god4 ,!re 7 ! ga!r+s 9 ! public squ>es1 !re 7 ! fireworks1 ! transp>5cies1 ! trees ( lib]ty & ! %\ts ( ! jubilee1 b ! *ur*es & ! s*ools 7 ! *ief sc5es1 & hymns & pray] ! *ief language ( ?is great ovation4 ,!re 0 no giv+ up to drunk5 revelry1 b a solemn recognition ( ,god1 ev5 by ^? :o _h n be5 wont to wor%ip him4 ,8 temples 7 nev] s cr[d$4 ,8 m9i/]s nev] s mu* honor$4 ,we give ! picture 9 all its p>ts1 fai?fully1 & z completely z our in=mation w enable u to d4 ,augu/ #b4 ,9 ?is city1 ! day has pass$ (f 9 ! way 9 :i* su* a day ought to pass (f4 ,) glad he>ts & joyful lips1 ! p h cr[d$ ! temples ( ! liv+ ,god1 & p\r$ out _! praises & ?anksgiv+s = ! great b5efits !y _h receiv$ at ! h&s ( a b5efic5t ,provid5ce4 ,t !y w cont9ue to deport !mselves z dutiful subjects1 & good m5 & wom51 we h no d\bt4 ,f ! c\ntry we wait ) anxi\s hopes to he> t ev]y?+ has gone (f ) ! same peace1 & quiet1 & ord]1 & regul>ity :i* h prevail$ "h1 & especially t ! p h return$ to _! labor1 & are giv+ g5]al satisfaction4 ,f ! same4 ,among ! v>i\s ways ( int]e/+ ! m9ds ( our newly enfran*is$ peasantry on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 0 t ( plant+ a ,palm tree emblematical ( lib]ty1 & commemorative ( its comm5cem5t 9 ?is isl&4 ,bo? 9 ,k+/on & 9 ,liguanca1 we und]/&1 ?is c]emony 0 p]=m$ by ! s*ools & congregations ( ! ,london ,mission>y ,society4 ,! foll[+ hymn1 compos$ by ,mr4 ,wooldridge1 = ! purpose1 & committ$ to memory by _m ( ! *ildr51 :o 7 treat$ ) cakes & lemonade4 ,appropriate s]mons 7 prea*$1 bo? morn+ & ev5+1 by ! ,rev4 ,messrs4 ,woodbridge & ,+raham1 & 9 ! ev5+ a ,temp]ance ,society 0 =m$ = ! di/rict ( ,liguanca1 :5 sev]al sign$ ! pl$ge4 ,! ?orny bu% we'll cle> away ,! emblem ( old slav]y-- ,let e fibre ( x die1 ,& all its vices cease to be4 ,let indol5ce1 deceit1 & !ft1 ,be ( _! n\ri%m5t b]eft1 ,let cruel wrong n[ disappe>1 ,& dec5t ord] cr[n ea* ye>4 ,,proce$+s ,,at ,,trelawney4--,a correspond5t 9 ,trelawney writes4 ,! fir/ ( ,augu/ 0 obs]v$ by ! p s dec5tly & dev\tly1 & ) su* manife/ations ( subdu$1 yet grateful feel+1 t !y appe>$ m l a select class ( ,*ri/ians celebrat+ "s holy day ( _! *ur*1 ?an a race b rec5tly conv]t$ f idolatry1 & :o 7 j em]g+ f ! pollutions & degradation ( slav]y4 ,,treat ,,to ,,! ,,*ildr54--,! mo/ int]e/+ & truly excit+ sc5e ( all 9 ,trelawny1 0 ! spectacle ( "s hundr$s ( happy *ildr5 d9+4 ,?is fea/ = !m1 & = all :o _h he>ts t c\ld sympa?ise ) ! happ9ess ( o!rs1 0 provid$ by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,knibb4 ,simil> sc5es 7 enact$ 9 ! rural di/ricts4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,bly? _h1 ,i believe1 a meet+ ( 8 s*ol>s1 & a treat provid$ = !m4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,&]son _h a l>ge assemblage ( 8 s*ol>s at ! s*ool-h\se1 :o 7 regal$ ) meat1 bread1 & bev]age1 & also a l>ge meet+ ( ! adult memb]s ( 8 ,*ur*1 to e "o ( :om1 :o c\ld1 or 0 attempt+ to le>n to read1 he gave a book4--,,he ,,gave ,a ,,book4 ,,at ,,/4 ,,elizabe?4--,at ! h\r ( #aj1 ,a4,m41 !re 0 ab\t #cjjj p]sons assembl$ at ,crosmond1 :5 ! cl]gyman1 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,hylton1 propos$ an adj\rnm5t f ! ,*apel to ! %ade ( "s wide-spread+ trees 9 ! common pa/ure1 :i!r ! happy multitude imm$iately adj\rn$4 ,! morn+ s]vice ( ! *ur* hav+ end$1 ! ,rev4 ,g5tleman prea*$ a mo/ impressive s]mon f ! #d? *apt] ( ,ze*4 #f? v]se--,n by might1 nor by p[]1 b by my ,_s1 sai? ! ,"l ( ,ho/s--,9 8 application1 he took a brief review ( ! hi/ory ( ! isl&--! conque/ by ! ,spani%--! ext]m9ation by ! ,indians--& ! consequ5t introduction ( ! negroes f ,africa4 ,he !n adv]t$ to ! sev]al insurrections t _h tak5 place dur+ ! p]iod s9ce ! conque/ by ! ,briti%1 to ! la/ g5]al rebellion 9 #ahcb1 9 :i* bo? himself & _m pres5t 7 deeply int]e/$4 ,hav+ %[n t all ^! insurrections _h be5 suppress$1 & _h come to n\ght1 he proce$$ to po9t out h[ ?r\gh ,div9e provid5ce ,mr4 ,wilb]=ce 0 rais$ up to advocate ! cause ( ! oppress$ ,african1 & s9ce t p]iod1 /ep by /ep1 v>i\s privileges _h be5 quietly conc$$ to ! color$ race1 until ! f9al consummation by ! ,legislature1 9 aboli%+ ! la/ ve/iges ( slav]y on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahch4 ,! ,rev4 ,g5tleman's honorable m5tion ( ,mr4 ,wilb]=ce appe>$ to be deeply felt & ackn[l$g$ by all ar\nd4 ,aft] ! s]vice 0 conclud$1 ! assembl$ multitude gave ?ree he>ty *e]s = ,que5 ,victoria1 & ?ree = ,"l ,mulgrave1 ! fir/ free ,gov]nor t ev] came to ,jamaica4 ,a m dec5t1 ord]ly1 & well-behav$ assemblage c\ld n be se5 9 any "p ( ! _w4 ,! p h inde$ prov$ !mselves wor?y ( ! great boon conf]r$ ^u !m4 ,,at ,,port ,,m>ia4--,! fir/ ( ,augu/ pass$ (f happily & peaceably4 ,! p felt deeply ! great bless+ t _h be5 conf]r$ on !m1 & behav$ uncommonly well4 ,all ! places ( wor%ip 7 cr[d$2 inde$1 ?rice ! numb] w\ld n h conta9$ ^? :o att5d$1 & _m ( :om c\ld n be accommodat$4 ,f ! ,cornwall ,*ronicle ( ,aug4 #d4 ,no?+ c\ld give a fair] & full] confid5ce 9 ! "* ( ! negroes ?an _! conduct on s joy\s & try+ an occasion1 z :at !y h exhibit$ dur+ ! brief p]iod ( _! political reg5]ation4 ,x may be consid]$ z an e>ne/ ( _! future peaceable demeanor2 ! disbelief ( ! sceptic w ?us be put to ! blu%1 & ! appreh5sions ( ! timid allay$4 ,! fir/ ( ,augu/ has pass$1 & ) x ! conduct ( ! p has be5 su* z to conv9ce ! mo/ jeal\s1 z well z ! mo/ sangu9e ( ! evil progno/icators1 t !y are a good & tru/-wor?y p4 ,!re is no d\bt b t ?is day w be held = ev] z a sacr$ anniv]s>y--a new ,p5teco/--^u :i* !y w r5d] ?anks = ! quiet possession ( _! ,canaan--free f all political oppressions1 & t !y c suff] only f ! acts ( _! own indiscretion4 ,if ev] !y 7 plac$ 9 a favorable situation :i* !y c\ld improve1 x c\ld n h be5 equal to ! pres5t4--,! ex]cise ( mod]ation1 h[ev]1 is n[ mo/ requir$1 & w be greatly appreciat$ to !mselves at a future "t4 ,,cumb]l& ,,p541 ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e4--,! conduct ( ! p 9 ?is di/rict g5]ally1 is su* z to entitle !m to ! highe/ comm5dation4 ,well kn[+ ! inconv5i5ce to :i* _! ma/]s' cu/om]s w\ld be o!rwise r$uc$ f a want ( food = _! horses & cattle1 !y volunt>ily w5t out to "w on ! second day1 & 9 "s in/ances on ! foll[+1 & suppli$ ! usual dem& ( ! m>ket1 pres5t+ _! labor ?us volunt>ily giv5 z a free-w (f]+ to _! employ]s4 ,comm5t on su* conduct _w be sup]flu\s4 ,! late appr5tices ( ,jamaica h hi!rto acquir$ honors1 ,above all ,greek1 ,above all ,roman fame4 ,s f> z !y are conc]n$1 ! highe/ expectations ( _! fri5ds h be5 m ?an realiz$4 ,let ! high] classes univ]sally b exhibit ! same dispositions & conduct1 & ! peace & prosp]ity ( ,jamaica are = ev] secur$4 ,morn+ ,j\rnal ( ,augu/ #d4 ,,sa9t ,,?omas ,,9 ,,! ,,ea/4 ,up to ! mom5t :5 ! po/ left ,morant ,bay1 ! utmo/ tranquillity prevail$4 ,9 fact1 f ! quiet ( ! day & ! circum/ance ( droves ( well-dress$ p]sons go+ to & f ! ,*ur* & ,*apels1 ,i 0 occasionally delud$1 says a correspond5t1 into ! belief ( ! day be+ ,sunday4 ,! p>i% ,*ur* 0 cr[d$1 & ! ,rector deliv]$ a v able & appropriate address4 ,! ,me?odi/ & ,indep5d5t ,*apels 7 also fill$4 ,at bo? places suitable s]mons 7 prea*$4 ,at ! latt]1 ! resid5t m9i/] provid$ an ample second breakfa/1 :i* 0 fai?fully discuss$ "u ! %ade ( a l>ge t5t purposely erect$ = ! occasion4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,atk9s1 ,wesleyan ,m9i/]1 has proce$$ f ?is place to lay ! f\ndation /one ( a *apel ?is aft]noon1 7#a/ ,augu/7 at ,port ,morant1 9 :i* important s]vice he w be assi/$ by ,?omas ,?omson1 ,esq41 ,*ur* w>d51 & ,alex&] ,b>clay1 ,esq41 ,memb] = ! p>i%4 ,x is expect$ t _m ?\s& spectators w be pres5t at ! int]e/+ c]emony4 ,f all ,i h be5 able to le>n ! *anges among ! lab\r]s on ! e/ates 9 ?is qu>t]1 w be v limit$1 ^! p be+ app>5tly satisfi$ ) ! arrangem5t = _! cont9u$ domicile on ! respective prop]ties4 ,ano!r correspond5t writes--we are v quiet "h4 ,! day has arriv$ & ne>ly pass$ (f1 & ?ank ,god ! pr$ictions ( ! al>mi/s are n fulfill$4 ,! ,*apels 7 q full ) a great _m p]sons 9 ! y>ds4 ,! ,indep5d5ts are j sitt+ d[n to a fea/4 ,! ,rector deliv]$ a s]mon or r a /r+ ( advices & op9ions to ! lab\r+ population1 ! mo/ intol]ant ,i h he>d = a long "t4 ,?is p>i% w1 ,i am q c]ta91 enjoy 9 peace & quietness ?is happy jubilee4 ,,man*e/]4 ,we le>n f ?is p>i% t ! ,*ur*es & ,*apels 7 cr[d$ _m h\rs be=e ! usual "t = beg9n+ s]vice4 ,sev]al ?\s& p]sons rema9$ outside ! respective places1 :i* 7 mu* too small to af=d ! accommodation4 ,e ?+ 0 quiet & ord]ly :5 ! po/ left4 ,says ! ,jamaica ,gazette ( ,aug4 #d?1 a pap] ( ! ,old ,s*ool--,9 spite ( all ! endeav\rs ( a clique ( self-int]e/$ agitators1 cl]ical humbug & radical rabble1 to excite ! bad passions ( ! sable populace aga9/ ^? :o h be5 ! true fri5ds ( ,colonial fre$om1 & ! cons]vators ( ! public peace & prosp]ity ( ! c\ntry1 ! bonfire1 bull-roa/1 & malignant effigy exhibit$ to r\se ! rancor ( ! savage1 fail$ to produce ! effect anticipat$ by ! projectors ( ! ,saturnalia1 & ! negro multitude fully satisfi$ ) ! boon s g5]\sly conc$$ by ! ,isl& ,legislature1 7 9 no humor to wreak _! wra? on individual b5efactors1 :om ! envy ( p>ty _s _h m>k$ out z ! victims ( tru? & indep5d5ce4 ,we are happy to give our me$ ( praise to ! dec5t & ord]ly conduct ( ! sable multitude1 & to record t x f> excell$ ! ,loco ,foco gr\p ( bullies & boa/]s 9 dec5cy ( propriety ( demeanor4 ,a k9d ( spree or scuffle took place betwe5 donkey-driv] ,quallo & ano!r4 ,we don't "k if !y came to close fi/i-cuffs1 b x 01 we are assur$1 ! mo/ s]i\s affray on ! ,c\rse4 ,! foll[+ is ! te/imony borne 9 reg>d to ,b>bados4 ,f ! ,b>bados ,lib]al1 ,aug4 #d?4 ,,fir/ ,,( ,,augu/4 ,x gives u great pleasure to /ate t1 s f> z our in=mation f ! c\ntry ext5ds1 ?is day 0 obs]v$ 9 a mann] highly cr$itable to our bre?r54 ,we nev] ourselves anticipat$ any riot+s or disord] on ! "p ( ! emancipat$4 ,a little exhil>ation begett+ a %\t or two1 w\ld n h surpris$ u2 b ev5 ?is1 we are happy to say1 made no "p ( _! manife/ation ( joy4 ,! day 0 sp5t 9 quiet piety6 ,9 he>tfelt1 s\l ov]fl[+ gratitude to _! heav5ly ,fa!r1 ^: div9e ag5cy _h rais$ up fri5ds 9 _! necessity1 & br\ght _! great tribulation to an end1 !y cr[d$ at an e>ly h\r to ! sev]al *ur*es & *apels1 9 :i* _! numb]s c\ld sc>cely f9d turn+ room1 & !n quietly & dev\tly p\r$ =? _! s\ls 9 pray] & praise & ?anksgiv+6 ,no revell+s1 no riot+s1 no drunk5ness1 desecrat$ ?is day4 ,we h he>d f five p>i%es1 & 9 none ( ! five h we he>d ( a s+le convivial meet+4 ,f *ur* & *apel !y w5t to _! homes1 & eat _! fir/ free d9n] ) _! families1 putt+ to %ame ! intol]ant prejudices :i* _h prep>$ p[d] & balls1 & held ! ,riot ,act 9 read9ess to correct _! insubord9ate notions ( lib]ty6 ,f ! ,new ,hav51 ,ct41 ,h]ald4 ,b>bados1 ,aug4 #b1 #ahch ,ye/]day's sun rose ^u eight hundr$ ?\s& freem51 on :om & _! ance/ors ! badge ( slav]y _h re/$ = two hundr$ ye>s4 ,x 0 a solemn1 delightful1 mo/ memorable day4 ,i look ^u x z a matt] ( exce$+ ?ankfulness1 t ,i h be5 p]mitt$ to be a witness to x1 & to be able to speak f exp]i5ce & f obs]vation1 ( ! happ9ess to :i* t day has giv5 bir?4 ,! day _h previ\sly be5 set ap>t by proclamation ( ! ,gov]nor1 z a day ( dev\t ?anksgiv+ & praise to ,almighty ,god = ! happy t]m9ation ( slav]y4 ,! ?anksgiv+ & praise 7 mo/ truly s9c]e1 he>tfelt & g5]al4 ,x 0 an emancipation n m]ely ( ! slave b ( ! proprietor4 ,x 0 felt z su*2 op5ly ackn[l$g$ & rejoic$ 9 z su*4 ,nev] h ,i witness$ m app>5tly unfeign$ expressions ( satisfaction ?an 7 made on t day by ! =m] own]s ( slaves1 at ! load ( :i* !y _h be5 reliev$4 ,i d n wi% to be und]/ood z ass]t+ t previ\s to ! work+ ( emancipation1 ! slave proprietors wi%$ ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,f> f x4 ,b hav+1 ?\gh unwill+ly1 be5 made witnesses ( ! op]ations ( fre$om2 & hav+ !mselves ta/$ ( ! previ\sly unkn[n satisfaction ( employ+ volunt>y & cont5t$1 because free labor]s2 _! m9ds became enlight5$1 s(t5$1 *ang$3 & f be+ ! det]m9$ oppos]s1 !y became !mselves ! au?ors ( complete emancipation4 ,i "k n 9 :at t]ms to describe to y ! emotions excit$ by pass+ ?r\gh ! /reets ( ?is popul\s t[n on t memorable morn+4 ,!re 0 a /illness & solemnity t might be felt4 ,x 0 caus$ by no display ( =ce1 = none 0 to be se54 ,"h & !re a policeman go+ 8 usual r\nds1 b n a soldi]1 nor ! slighte/ w>like prep>ation ( any k9d to /rike ! eye1 or ov]awe ! _s ( disord]4 ,! _s t seem$ to fill ! entire population 0 em95tly ! _s ( peace1 good w1 ?ankfulness & joy too deep1 too solemn1 to all[ ( any l\d or noisy demon/ration ( x4 ,( c\rse1 all /ores1 %ops & (fices ( e k9d 7 clos$4 ,s also 7 all places ( amusem5t4 ,no s\nd ( revelry1 no evid5ces ( nightly excess 7 to be he>d or se54 ,i d n say too mu* :5 ,i ass]t t ! reign ( ord]1 peace1 & sobriety1 0 complete4 ,to give eclat to an ev5t ( su* importance1 ! ,gov]nor _h ord]$ "o company ( militia to att5d ) him at ! ca!dral4 ,x is an imm5se build+1 & 0 cr[d$ 9 e "p ( its spaci\s area1 gall]ies & aisles1 ) a mo/ att5tive assemblage ( p1 ( all colors & conditions4 ,sev]al cl]gym5 (ficiat$1 & "o ( !m at ! op5+ ( ! s]vices read mo/ appropriately ! #eh? *apt] ( ,isaiah4 ,imag9e = a mom5t ! effect 9 su* an audi5ce1 on su* an occasion1 :]e 7 _m hundr$s ( emancipat$ slaves1 ( words l ^!3--,is n ?is ! fa/ t ,i h *os51 to loose ! bonds ( wick$ness1 to undo ! heavy burd5s1 & to let ! oppress$ g free1 & t ye break e yoke8 ,! s]mon by ! ,bi%op 01 z might h be5 expect$ on su* an occasion1 int]e/+ & impressive4 ,he spoke ) great effect ( ! unexpect$ progress ( fre$om1 f isl& to isl&1 f colony to colony1 until1 ) a solit>y exception1 ^u t day ! /a9 ( slav]y 0 oblit]at$ =ev] f e ,briti% possession4 ,! progress ( education1 ! gradual re=mation ( morals1 & ! increas+ ?ir/ = religi\s in/ruction1 7 all dwelt ^u ) great =ce1 & ! glory ( all ascrib$1 z 0 mo/ fit1 to ! ,great ,giv] ( e good & p]fect gift4 ,x 0 an occasion ri* ) happy emotions1 & long to be rememb]$ z a bright & beautiful spot 9 ! pa?way ( our e>?ly pilgrimage4 ,! close ( ! day 0 n less auspici\s ?an its comm5cem5t4 ,9 company ) ,mrs4 ,h41 ,i drove ?r\gh sev]al ( ! pr9cipal /reets1 & !nce ?r\gh ! mo/ public ?or\ghf>e into ! c\ntry2 & no :]e c\ld aught be se5 to m> ! dec5t & truly impressive solemnity ( ! day4 ,!re 7 no dances1 no m]ry-mak+ ( any sort2 n a solit>y drunk>d1 n a gun fir$1 nor ev5 0 a %\t he>d to welcome 9 ! newborn lib]ty4 ,! only gr\ps we saw 7 go+ to or return+ f ! diff]5t *apels & *ur*es3 except 9 a few in/ances1 :]e families might be se5 read+ or s++ hymns at _! own dwell+s4 ,& n[1 sir1 hav+ arriv$ at ! long look$ = consummation ( all ! labors & pray]s ( ! fri5ds ( ! slave = s _m ye>s1 z ,i ca/ my eye ar\nd ?is l& ( lib]ty1 h[ _m ?\ghts cr[d my m9d8 ,i ask myself--is x inde$ f9i%$8 ,& are !re none to lam5t ! d[nfall ( "t-honor$1 ho>y-head$ slav]y8 ,:]e are ! m\rn]s8 ,:]e are ! progno/icators ( ru91 desolation1 & woe8 ,:]e are ! riots & disord]s1 ! blood%$ & ! burn+s8 ,! prophets & _! prophecies are alike empty1 va91 & unf\nd$1 & are alike buri$ 9 oblivion4 ,& :y1 9 ! "n ( humanity1 0 n ?is glori\s consummation br\ght ab\t ages ago8--,is x because ! slaves ( #ahch are bett] fitt$ = fre$om ?an ^? ( fifty or a hundr$ ye>s s9ce8 ,no "o believes x4 ,! only prep>ation = fre$om requir$ 9 ?is isl&1 or any :]e else1 9 ord] to put a peaceful end to slav]y1 is ! prep>ation ( he>t 9 ! slavehold] to grant deliv]ance to ! captive4 ,y\rs truly1 ,,wm4 ,r4 ,,hayes ,p4,s4 ,augu/ #i?4--,all is quiet1 & ! utmo/ good ord] e :]e prevails4 ,to complete ! picture we w give two extracts ( lett]s f em95t ,jamaica ,attornies to _! employ]s 9 ,engl&1 ) reg>d to ! turn+ out to "w4 ,x is rem>k$ by ! ,engli% pap]s t ! ,attornies g5]ally 9 writ+ to _! employ]s adopt ! same /ra94 ,!y are all do+ well on _! e/ates1 b he> t ! re/ ( ! isl& is 9 a w(ul condition4--,^! are ! m5 :o are ! greate/1 if n ! only1 los]s by emancipation2 h5ce _! te/imony is d\bly valuable4 ,f ! ,briti% ,emancipator1 ,nov4 #ad4 ,,lett]s ,,f ,,attornies4 ,extract ( a ,lett] f an em95t ,e/ate ,attorney1 9 ,/4 ,m>y's1 ,jamaica1 dat$ ,augu/ #bd1 #ahch4 ,!re 0 no?+ :atev] done 9 ?is p>i%1 or ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 = ! fir/ two weeks ( ! mon?4 ,9 ?is qu>t] "s e/ates did a little la/ week1 & h be5 mak+ m progress s9ce1 b ! f> great] numb] h n yet done any "w2 ! m9ds ( ! p are v unsettl$1 & full ( all sorts ( fooli% notions1 :i* w cont9ue m or less till we he> ( ! home gov]nm5t hav+ accept$ & approv$ ( our abolition bill1 & _! views ) reg>d to u4 ,on sev]al ( ! e/ates :i* h wr\ght1 ! p h /ruck once or twice4 ,we h 9 ?is p>i% m9i/]s ( e d5om9ation1 & !y are all act+ v prop]ly2 b !y d n seem to h z mu* influ5ce z expect$2 we mu/ be z consid]ate & lib]al z possible to secure _! confid5ce ourselves4 ,we are 9 ,/4 ,m>y's pay+ ! highe/ rate ( wages 9 ! isl&2 #as4 #h;d4 curr5cy p] day nett1 ) all[ances1 are g5]ally (f]$2 ,i am giv+ "h1 f %e] necessity1 #bs4 #f;d4 curr5cy p] day1 )\t *>g+ any r5t 9 ! mean "t4 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s :5 s few e/ates are do+ any?+ at all1 ,i h mu* satisfaction 9 say+ t ! p "h1 on ----1 a good proportion ( !m 7 at "w la/ week1 & ,i h n[ ! mill ab\t mak+ sug>1 ) e probability1 ,i ?9k ( go+ on satisfactorily2 & look+ dispassionately at ! great *ange :i* has s sudd5ly tak5 place1 our pres5t difficulties are n mu* to be wond]$ at4 ,sunday night1 #h? ,sept4--,! =ego+ 0 writt51 b too late1 = ! la/ packet2 b z ano!r sails to-morr[1 ,i write y a few l9es m4 ,!re is1 up to ?is mom5t1 b little mat]ial alt]ation 9 ! /ate ( affairs g5]ally1 c]ta9ly none = ! worse4 ,i h made "h tw5ty hog%eads ( sug> s9ce ! #a/ ult4 ,we are altoge!r 9 an unc]ta9 /ate1 b !re are m mills ab\t1 & m "w do+ 9 ?is di/rict ?an 9 any o!r 9 ! isl&1 :i* might & ought to be a fea!r 9 ! cap ( ,maitt]1 our late /ipe4 ,i h no "t to say m n[1 except+ t1 al?\gh ,i am 9 great hopes t ?+s w soon g5]ally improve1 & am ( op9ion t our pres5t difficulties are n to be wond]$ at1 yet our situation is /ill s critical1 t ,i d>e n v5ture to haz>d an op9ion z to ! success ( ! great exp]im5t1 ,i repeat1 h[ev]1 aga91 t we h n se5 any?+ to disappo9t or surprise u1 bad z _m ?+s are4 ,extract ( a ,lett] f an ,attorney 9 ,/4 ,m>y's1 ,jamaica1 #bd? ,augu/1 #ahch ,! s]vices ( ! /ipes are mu* want+ "h2 ,i am pay+ #ajs4 a week = fir/ class1 #fs4 #h;d4 = second1 & #ds4 #b;d4 = ?ird1 = five days "w2 !y say !y w n "w on ,fridays4 ,h[ev]1 ,i h got p at ---- to "w today2 !y are behav+ bett] ?an mo/ o!rs4 ,i hope ?+s w n[ improve2 & x is my op9ion t good e/ates w d1 & o!rs w fall to ! gr\nd4 ,old ,mr4 ,tytte is dead1 & 8 son ,alex&] made /ipe = ! di/rict4 ,! ,gov]nor's spee* respect+ wom5 has done a great deal ( h>m4 ,none ( ! wom5 want to "w4 ,if ,"l ,gl5elg _h made su* a mi/ake1 he w\ld h he>d en\gh ( x4 ,i wi% ! ,gov]nm5t w\ld take x on !mselves to settle ! rate ( wages1 o!rwise two-?irds ( ! e/ates w be ?r[n up be=e next ye>2 ( c\rse ,i c /& ?is z well z any4 ,! ---- p h behav$ well3 !y did e ?+ ,i told !m2 !y are work+ on piece-"w1 :i* is ! be/ plan4 ,precisely simil> is ! te/imony ( private correspond5ts & ( ! public press s f> z we h be5 able to le>n1 9 all ! o!r colonies :]e emancipation has tak5 place4 ,!re is c]ta9ly no?+ 9 all ?is t indicates a disposition on ! "p ( ! emancipat$ to ?r[ (f ! employm5t ( _! =m] ma/]s1 b mu* ! rev]se4 ,we may safely *all5ge contradiction to ! ass]tion1 t at ! expiration ( ! jubilee !re 7 n a set ( free labor]s on e>? f :om ! ,we/ ,india plant]s c\ld h got m "w = ! same money4 ,x may be prop] 9 ^! days1 :5 ! maxims ( slav]y h s fe>fully ov]%ad[$ ! rights ( man1 to say t a man has a "r to =be> labor+ :5 he c live hone/ly )\t x--or1 at all ev5ts1 he has a "r to *oose :e!r he w employ himself or be employ$ by ano!r4 ,h5ce x may turn out t ! refusal to labor1 s f> z !re has be5 any1 only s]ves to prove ! m cle>ly ! fitness ( ! labor]s ( fre$om4 ,,wages ,x mu/ h be5 obvi\s to e man ( reflection t 9 a *ange s va/1 involv+ s _m labor]s1 & 9 circum/ances s v>i\s1 !re w\ld arise almo/ inf9ite disputes ab\t ! rate ( wages4 ,! colonies diff] widely z to ! real value ( labor4 ,"s h a ri*1 unexhau/$1 &1 p]haps1 inexhau/ible soil1 & a scanty supply ( labor]s4 ,o!rs are m popul\s & less f]tile4 ,! =m] w\ld ( c\rse (f] high] wages ?an ! latt]1 = s sudd5 0 ! /ep !re c\ld be no common und]/&+ on ! po9t4 ,aga91 z we h se51 ! plant]s came into ! measure ) diff]5t views4 ,"s anticipat$ ! g5]al *ange1 & ei!r f motives ( humanity or policy1 or m probably ( bo?1 adopt$ a c\rse calculat$ to ga9 ! gratitude & good w ( ! labor]4--,^! w\ld (f] wages :i* ! less lib]al w\ld call ru9\s4 ,_m1 & x w\ld seem ! great body ( !m 9 ,jamaica1 yield$ unwill+ly to sup]ior p[]4 ,!y saw ! sceptre ( despotic au?ority 0 to be wre/$ f _! grasp4 ,!y ?rew x d[n1 z "o may easily believe1 resolv$ to seize ! be/ sub/itute !y c\ld4 ,!y w\ld infallibly fall ^u ! plan ( gett+ ! greate/ possible am\nt ( "w = ! lea/ possible am\nt ( pay4 ,:5 we consid] t ev5 9 ! olde/1 mo/ civiliz$1 & mo/ ,*ri/ianiz$ free-labor communities1 employ]s are wont to comb9e to keep d[n ! rate ( wages1 :ile on ! o!r h& ! labor]s ?r[ up "w to raise x1 we %all n be surpris$ t !re %\ld be ?+s ( ?is sort 9 ,jamaica1 lib]ty be+ 9 ! gri/le4 ,! only help = su* an evil is1 t !re is always a rate ( wages :i* is advantage\s to bo? p>ties1 & ?+s be+ left to !mselves1 x w at la/ be f\nd4 ,to ! plant]s & fre$-m5 9 settl+ ! "q :at wages !y %\ld (f] & receive1 two /&>ds or guides pres5t$ !mselves1--#a4 ,! rate ( wages :i* _h be5 giv5 9 ,antigua s9ce #ahcd4 #b4 ,! comp5sation t _h be5 dem&$ by ! ,jamaica plant]s !mselves1 & adjudg$ by ! magi/rates1 9 case ( appr5tices buy+ _! own "t4 ,hundr$s ( plant]s _h decl>$ ^u oa? :at ! "t ( ! appr5tice 0 wor? to !m4 ,possibly z sell]s1 9 ! ela/icity ( _! consci5ces1 !y may h set a high] price ?an !y w\ld be will+ to give z buy]s4 ,9 /rict hone/y1 h[ev]1 x is difficult to see :y labor %\ld n be wor? to !m z mu* 9 ! "o case z ! o!r4 ,! rate ( wages fix$ ^u 9 ,antigua may be se5 by a ref]5ce to ! ,j\rnal ( ,?ome & ,kimball to be v inadequate to ! wants ( ! labor]4 ,free labor is !re screw$ d[n to ! l[e/ possible po9t4 ,! wond] is t ! labor]s %\ld h submitt$ to su* a scale = a mom5t4 ,b !y _h no prec$5t to guide !m1 no advis]s free f ! yoke ( ! propriet>y1 no valuations giv5 by _! own ma/]s1 & !re 0 e facility = successful comb9ation on ! "p ( ! ma/]s4 ,!y mu/ "w = su* wages z ! ma/]s pleas$ to (f]1 or />ve4 ,say ,messrs4 ,?ome & ,kimball--,by a g5]al und]/&+ among ! plant]s1 ! rate is at pres5t fix$ at a %ill+ p] day1 or a little m ?an fifty c5ts p] week1 c\nt+ five work+ days4 ,?is ,antigua scale1 & n ! "o !y !mselves _h sold labor by dur+ ! appr5tice%ip1 became at once ! favorite ) a great "p ( ! ,jamaica & ,b>bados plant]s4 ,if !y 9 any cases (f]$ high] wages1 !y made x up by *>g+ high] r5t = ! h\ses & gr\nds1 :i* ! negroes _h built & br\ght "u culture on _! prop]ties4 ,x 0 be=e ! fir/ ( ,augu/ t ?is proc$ure 0 resolv$ ^u by ! plant]s1 z we ga!r f num]\s communications 9 ! pap]s recomm5d+ a v>iety ( modes ( gett+ labor = less ?an its natural m>ket value4 ,we select a s+le "o ( ^! z a specim51 by ! application to :i* ( a little ari?metic1 x w be p]ceiv$ t ! employ] w\ld br+ ! labor] 9 debt to him at ! end ( ! ye>1 ?\gh n a mom5t %\ld be lo/ by sickness or o!r casualty4 ,! humanity ( ! docum5t is p]fectly ( a piece ) t ( ! sy/em :i* w\ld civilize mank9d by mak+ m]*&ize ( !m4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,morn+ j\rnal4 ,,sir1--,let meet+s be held1 n only 9 e p>i%1 b 9 e di/rict ( a p>i%1 & let all l&-own]s1 c41 agree n to r5t l& "u #h;,a p] acre1 & n to sell x = less ?an d\ble t sum4 ,%\ld a few be f\nd reg>dless ( ! g5]al weal1 let ! propriet>y1 c4 jo9 & pur*ase su* l&s1 & if o!rwise1 x is presum$ ! diss5ti5ts to ! measure w\ld be s small z n to affect 9 any mat]ial degree ! g5]al int]e/1 inasmu* z ^? :o diss5t$1 f ! consequ5t sc>city ( l& aris+ f ! measure1 w\ld dem& a high r5tal = _! l&4 ,! maximum sy/em appe>s to be pref]able to ! m9imum4 ,i h !re=e made *oice ( x z a /imulus to ! labor]s to "w at lea/ f\r days or ?irty-six h\rs 9 ! week to pay = _! r5t1 c4 c41 or pay #bs4 #a;d4 = e day's abs5ce2 or1 if sick1 pay up ! labor by work+ on ! ,friday1 c41 & ,saturday1 if ne$ful4 ,weekly settlem5ts ) bo? p>ties1 or imm$iate summ>y ejectm5t1 if deem$ necess>y4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! sums are 9 ! curr5cy ( ! isl&s :5 n o!rwise specifi$1 t is #gs #f;d to ! doll>4 s4 d4 ,r5t ( #b acres ( l& z a gr\nd = ea* able adult1 at #e p] acre #aj #j #j ,d4 ( h\se & g>d51 f #d to #aj p] annum1 say #f #j #j ,m$ical att5dance1 m$ic9e1 c4 c41 wor? #d p] annum #d #j #j ,clo?+ & ,*ri/mas all[ance p] annum #a #ac #d ---------- #ba #ac #d ---------- ,f\r days' or #cf h\rs' labor 9 ea* week1 at #bs4 #a;d4 p] day1 or #bjh days1 at #bs4 #a;d4 #ba #ac #d ,if task-"w 7 adopt$1 or ! day's labor prolong$ to #aj-a_/b or #ab h\rs' labor1 #c days' or #c-a_/b days' labor w\ld suffice1 consequ5tly1 ! labor] w\ld h #b or #c days 9 ea* week to "w = extra wages4 ,9 addition to ! above1 say pa/urage = a horse1 at #ds4 #b;d4 p] week p] annum #aj #af #h ,pa/urage = an ass1 at #bs4 #a;d4 p] week p] annum #e #f #d ,run ( pa/urage & fruit1 = a s[1 b>r[1 or %olt2 ,,if ,,rung ,,9 ,,! ,,nose1 #aj;d4 p] week2 ,,if ,,n ,,rung1 #as4 #h;d4 p] week2 p] annum1 at #aj;d4 p] week #b #c #d ,! above *>ges = pa/urage might be paid = ei!r by additional labor or 9 money1 & to a good head-man !y might be grant$ z a gratuity1 & p]haps an additional acre ( l& all[$ him to cultivate4 ,x w\ld be desirable t ! negroes %\ld1 :5 q free1 "w #aa h\rs p] day 9 ! %ort days1 & #ab h\rs 9 ! long] ones4 ,i believe ! %orte/ day's labor 9 ,engl& 9 ! w9t] mon?s 9 #aj h\rs' actual labor1 & #ab h\rs' 9 ! summ]1 = :i* #b h\rs !y are paid extra wages4 ,/4 ,m>y's1 #h? ,june1 #ahch4 ,s4,r4 ,! date %\ld n escape notice4 ,by ?is plan1 = a few petty indulg5ces1 all ( :i* 7 pr(ess$ly grant$ 9 ! "t ( slav]y itself1 ! ma/] c\ld get ! entire labor ( ! negro1 & sev5 or eight p\nds p] annum besides6 ,"s may be dispos$ to reg>d ?is z a m]e joke1 b we c assure !m x 0 a s]i\s proposal1 & n m mon/r\s ?an _m ?+s t ! plant]s are n[ attempt+ to put 9 practice4 ,! idea ( actually pay+ money wages 0 horrify+ & intol]able to _m ( ! plant]s2 !y seem to h ex]cis$ _! utmo/ +5uity to provide aga9/ s dreadful a result4 ,"o :o sign$ himself an ,old ,plant] 9 ! ,despat*1 be=e ! abolition ( ! appr5tice%ip1 9 view ( ! emancipation ( ! non-pra$ials :i* 0 to take place on ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 gravely wrote z foll[s3-- ,x is my int5tion1 !re=e1 :5 ! p]iod arrives = any arrangem5t ) !m1 to (f] !m 9 return = su* s]vices1 ! same "t z ! pra$ials n[ h1 ) ( c\rse ! same all[ances g5]ally1 putt+ out ( ! "q1 h[ev]1 any relaxation f labor dur+ ! day1 usually all[$ field labor]s1 & und]/ood z %ell-bl[--h\se p be+ consid]$ at all times capable ( enjoy+ t indulg5ce at _! pleasure1 besides ! impossibility ( _! ma/] submitt+ to su* an inconv5i5ce4--,?is appe>s to me to be ! only mode ( arrangem5t t w\ld be feasible1 unless we resort to money wages1 & ,i %\ld regret to f9d t su* a prec$5t 0 e/abli%$ 9 ?is in/ance1 = x w\ld only be a =]unn] to simil> dem&s at ! com+ p]iod1 :5 ! pra$ials became free4 ,!re 7 m reasons ?an "o :y money wages 7 fe>$ by ! ,jamaica plant]s4 ,a great _m e/ates are manag$ by attorneys = abs5tee proprietors4 ,^! g5tlem5 pocket c]ta9 commissions1 = :i* reason !y keep 9 cultivation e/ates :i* _c possibly yield a pr(it "u a sy/em ( paid labor4 ,!y deem x = _! int]e/ to reta9 _! occupation ev5 at ! exp5se ( _! employ]s4 ,n a few conceive x = _! int]e/ to depreciate ! value ( prop]ty t !y may pur*ase l[1 h5ce !y deem x good policy to refuse wages1 let ! crops p]i%1 & get up a panic4 ,! docum5ts we %all furni% w be cle> on ^! po9ts4 ,! great div]sity ( practice 9 ! plant]s 9 reg>d to wages1 z well z ! reasonable disposition ( ! labor]s1 is %[n by ! foll[+ p>agraphs cull$ f ! ,morn+ ,j\rnal ( ,augu/ #aj3-- ,,/4 ,,davids4--,a g5tleman 9 ! managem5t ( a prop]ty 9 ?is p>i%1 writes 9 ! foll[+ /ra9 to 8 employ]--,i h an accession ( /r5g? ?is morn+4 ,! p are civil & indu/ri\s4 ,i h receiv$ lett]s assur+ me t ! example ( ! ,cocoa ,walt e/ate p1 has be5 ! means ( induc+ ^? on o!r e/ates to ent] into ! t]ms propos$--t is #es4 p] week1 ) h\ses1 gr\nds1 m$ic9es1 c1 c4 ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,ea/4--,! appr5tices on ,gold5 ,grove ,e/ate1 turn$ out to "w on ,monday1 b we h n le>nt on :at t]ms4 ,at ,m\nt ,v]non1 ! prop]ty ( ,k5ne? ,mc,pherson ,esq41 !y turn$ out on ,tuesday morn+ to "w = five days 9 ! week1 at #aj;d4 p] day ) h\ses1 gr\nds1 c4 ,trelawny--,a correspond5t writes1 e ?+ is quiet1 & ! p w\ld g to "w if any b>ga9s 7 made1 b ,i believe ?r\gh\t ! p>i% ! p 7 direct$ to g to "w on ,monday morn+1 )\t any previ\s arrangem5t1 or be+ ev5 told h[ mu* !y w\ld be paid1 or ask$ :at !y expect$4 ,on "o e/ate #as4 #h;d4 ) h\ses & gr\nds 0 (f]$ & refus$4 ,"s ( ! ma/]s are det]m9$1 x is said1 to hold out1 & w n cons5t to give m ?an #as4 #c;d4 or #as4 #h;d4 p] day4 ,/4 ,johns4--,! p 9 ?is p>i% are at "w on mo/ ( ! e/ates )\t any agreem5t4 ,!y refuse ! (f] ( #as4 #ja-b;d4 p] day1 b cont9ue to labor1 rely+ on ! honor & lib]ality ( ! plant]s = fair & reasonable pay4 ,if !y d n get ^! 9 two weeks1 our correspond5t writes1 !re w be a dead /op4 ,! labor]s fix ! quantity ( "w to be done 9 a day1 agreeable to ! scale ( labor approv$ ( by ! ,gov]nor dur+ ! appr5tice%ip4 ,= any ?+ beyond t1 !y dem& extra pay1 z 0 usual "u t sy/em4 ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! ,vale--,no "w1 we und]/&1 is be+ done 9 ?is p>i% z yet4 ,a correspond5t /ates t "s ( ! ov]se]s & attorneys wi% ! p to turn out to "w )\t ent]+ into any arrangem5ts1 :i* !y refuse to d4 ,! attorney = ,rose ,hall1 ,knollis1 ,new ,works1 & ,wallace ,e/ates has (f]$ #as4 #c;d4 p] day1 out ( :i* #e p] annum is to be d$uct$ = h\ses & gr\nds4 ,! (f] has be5 refus$4 ,! ov]se] ( ,byndloss e/ate requir$ 8 p to "w )\t agree+ z to ! rate ( wages !y 7 to receive1 b !y refus$ to d any ?+ )\t a prop] agreem5t4 ,/4 ,m>y's--,on "s e/ates 9 ?is p>i% we are in=m$1 & p>ticul>ly ^? "u ! *>ge ( ,ri*>d ,lewis1 ,esq4 su* z ,ball>d's ,valley1 ,timp]on's e/ates1 ,ellis' e/ates1 c4 & ( ,*>les ,/ew>t1 ,esq4 ,tr9ity1 ,royal1 ,rosl9 ,brem] ,hall1 c41 & also ( ,james ,g$des1 ,esq41 ! labor]s are gett+ f #bs4 #f;d4 to #cs4 #d;d4 p] day4 ,! same rates are paid ^u _m out] prop]ties4 ,on _m e/ates ! p h refus$ to labor1 & urge objections aga9/ ! manag]s1 z a reason = s act+4 ,!y rema9 & w engage to labor1 provid$ ! obnoxi\s p>ties are remov$4 ,h[ c\ld ! p be blam$ = refus+ #aj;d4 p] day1 :ile on _m prop]ties !y 7 gett+ f #bs4 #f;d4 to #cs4 #d;d48 ,su* be+ also ! valuation :i* ! ma/]s _h uni=mly plac$ ^u _! "t dur+ ! appr5tice%ip8 ,:5 ! plant]s f\nd t ! free labor]s c\ld nei!r be prevail$ ^u to labor = half-price nor be driv5 to excesses by su* paltry p]secution1 !y turn$ _! wra?1 z _h be5 long _! cu/om1 ^u ! ,bapti/ ,mission>ies4 ,^u ,mr4 ,knibb especially !y laid ! blame ( giv+ mis*iev\s advice to ! peasantry4 ,& = ! obvi\s purpose ( excit+ ! ?\s&s ( p w>mly devot$ to him1 to acts ( viol5ce1 !y attempt$ to burn him 9 effigy & actually circulat$ ! report t he _h be5 murd]$4 ,?\s&s ( 8 p flock$ into ,spani% ,t[n1 ?reat5+ to de/roy ! t[n if ! report prov$ true4 ,b on le>n+ its falsity 7 easily p]suad$ to retire1 & did s )\t be+ guilty ( any excess :atev]4 ,unmeasur$ & unceas+ h be5 ! attacks ( ! ,jamaica press ^u ! mission>ies4 ,^u _! %\ld]s has be5 laid ! ru9 ( t f9e isl&4--,!y h corrupt$ ! peasantry & put x 9 _! heads to ask m wages ?an ! e/ate c possibly give4 ,to det]m9e ! value ( ! te/imony ( ! mission>ies 9 ?is case x is important to "k ! nature ( _! influ5ce ^u ! labor]s t\*+ ! "q ( wages4 ,we are happily furni%$ ) ! requir$ in=mation f _! own lips & p5s 9 ! ,jamaica pap]s4 ,f ! ,falm\? ,po/4 ,,rev4 ,w4 ,,knibb',s ,,advice ,,to ,,! ,,negroes4 ,,meet+ ,,at ,,! ,,suffield ,,s*ool-,,room4 ,on ,friday ev5+ la/ we att5d$ ! suffield ,s*ool-room1 9 ?is t[n1 :i*1 at an e>ly h\r 0 cr[d$ ) appr5tices & head p1 f upw>ds ( tw5ty prop]ties1 :o _h met = ! purpose ( receiv+ advice f ! ,rev4 ,wm4 ,knibb1 & ,special ,ju/ice ,lyon1 respect+ ! c\rse ( conduct x w be necess>y = !m to adopt1 on tak+ _! /& 9 society z freem54 ,sev]al g5tlem5 connect$ ) ! comm]cial & agricultural int]e/s ( ! p>i% 7 pres5t on ! occasion4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,knibb comm5c$ by say+1 t he att5d$ a meet+ ( a simil> nature at ,wilb]=ce ,*apel1 on ! prec$+ ev5+4 ,he _h ?\ght x bett] to reque/ ! att5dance ?is ev5+ ( ! head p1 :o be+ ! m intellig5t w\ld be able to expla9 to o!rs1 ! advice :i* !y w\ld n[ receive !mselves4 ,i am glad1 said ! ,rev4 ,g5tleman1 to see s _m p]sons pres5t1 among :om ,i notice a few g5tlem5 :o are n connect$ ) my *ur*3 ,i am glad ( ! att5dance ( ^! g5tlem51 = :at ,i d1 ,i d op5ly1 & any "o is at lib]ty to express 8 op9ion at ?is meet+ if he desires to d s4 ,y w %ortly1 my fri5ds1 be releas$ f y\r pres5t /ate ( bondage2 9 ! c\rse ( a v few weeks y w receive ! boon ( fre$om1 & ,i w\ld !re=e impress deeply on y\r m9ds ! necessity ( y\r cont9u+ ! cultivation ( ! soil on ! receipt ( fair & equitable wages4 ,i am n aw>e myself ( any complete scale ( wages hav+ be5 drawn up1 b ,i h be5 on #aj or #ab diff]5t prop]ties1 ,i h conv]s$ ) sev]al proprietors1 & ,i am glad to say t ) "s ( !m !re appe>s to be a disposition to meet ! *>ge fairly & honorably4 ,^? :o are m conv]sant ) figures ?an ,i am1 w be enabl$ to %[ :at ! own] c af=d to give = ! cultivation ( 8 prop]ty4 ,9 ! mean "t ,i w\ld say to y1 d n make any ha/y b>ga93 take "t & consid] ! subject1 = x is "o ( vital int]e/ & importance to all6 ,if y dem& too high a rate ( wages1 ! proprietors w be ru9$2 if y cons5t to take too l[ a sum1 y w n be able to provide = ! wants ( y\rselves & families4 ,9 mak+ y\r arrangem5t1 if !re be an attempt to gr9d y d[n1 resi/ ! attempt by all legal means2 = y mu/ consid] t y are n act+ = y\rselves alone1 b = po/]ity4 ,i desire to see e ve/ige ( slav]y completely root$ out4 ,y mu/ "w = money2 y mu/ pay money to y\r employ]s = all y receive at _! h&s3 a fair scale ( wages mu/ be e/abli%$1 & y mu/ be entirely indep5d5t ( any "o4 ,if y cont9ue to receive ^? all[ances :i* h be5 giv5 dur+ slav]y & appr5tice%ip1 x w g abroad t y are n able to take c>e ( y\rselves2 t y\r employ]s are oblig$ to provide y ) ^! all[ances to keep y f />vation2 9 su* a case y w be no?+ m ?an slaves4--,to be free1 y mu/ be indep5d5t2 y mu/ receive money = y\r "w2 come to m>ket ) money2 pur*ase f :om y please1 & be acc\ntable to no "o b t ,be+ above1 :o ,i hope w wat* ov] & protect y6--,i s9c]ely tru/ t prop] arrangem5ts w be made be=e ! #a/ ( ,augu/4--,i h spok5 to ne>ly f\r ?\s& p]sons connect$ ) my *ur*1 & ,i h n yet le>nt t !re is any disposition among !m to leave _! pres5t employ]s1 provid$ !y receive equitable wages4 ,y\r employ] w expect f y good crops ( sug> & rum2 & :ile y lab\r to give him ^!1 he mu/ pay y su* wages z w enable y to provide y\rselves ) :olesome food1 good clo?+1 com=table h\ses1 & e o!r necessity ( life4 ,y\r wages mu/ be su* z to enable y to d ?is2 to contribute to ! support ( y\r *ur*2 ! relief ( ! di/ress$2 ! education ( y\r *ildr51 & to put by some?+ = sickness & old age4 ,i hail ! com+ ( ! #a/ ,augu/ ) feel+s ( joy & gratitude4 ,oh1 x w be a bless$ day2 a day :i* gives lib]ty to all2 & my fri5ds1 ,i hope t ! lib]ty :i* x w br+ to y w by duly appreciat$4 ,i tru/ ,i may live to see ! black man 9 ! full enjoym5t ( e privilege ) 8 :ite bre?r51 & t y may all s conduct y\rselves z to give ! lie direct to ^? :o h affirm$ t ! only idea y h ( lib]ty is t x w enable y to indulge 9 idle habits & lic5ti\s pursuits4 ,:5 lib]ty ca/s h] b5ignant smiles on ?is beautiful isl&1 ,i tru/ t ! employ] & ! labor] w endeav\r to live on t]ms ( fri5d%ip & good w ) "o ano!r4--,:5 ! lab\r] receives a prop] remun]ation = 8 s]vices--:5 ! employ] contemplates ! luxuriance ( 8 well-cultivat$ fields1 may !y bo? return ?anks to a m]ciful ,god1 = p]mitt+ ! sun ( lib]ty to %9e ) bright effulg5ce6 ,i ne$ sc>cely assure y1 my fri5ds1 t ,i w be at all times ready to protect y\r rights4 ,i c>e n ab\t ! abuse ) :i* ,i may probably be assail$2 ,i am ready to meet all ! obloquy & scorn ( ^? :o h be5 accu/om$ to place ! mo/ unfav\rable con/ructions on my actions4 ,i am will+ to meet ! proprietors 9 a _s ( c&\r & conciliation4 ,i desire to see y fairly comp5sat$ = y\r labor2 ,i desire also to y p]=m+ y\r "w ) *e]ful indu/ry3 b ,i w\ld w>n y n to be too ha/y 9 ent]+ into contracts4 ,?9k s]i\sly be=e y act1 & rememb]1 z ,i h already old y1 t y h n[ to act n only = y\rselves1 b = po/]ity4 ,we give num]\s docum5ts f ^! g5tlem51 z among ! be/ if n ! greate/ "p ( our fell[ citiz5s2 we tru/ _! te/imony w be deem$ ! be/ t c\ld be (f]$4 ,,lett] ,,( ,,eight ,,bapti/ ,,mission>ies4 ,to ! ,"r ,hon4 ,"l ,,gl5elg1 c4 ,my ,"l--,we feel assur$ t no apology is necess>y1 9 reque/+ y\r att5tion to ! subject ( ?is lett]4 ,! (ficial connection :i* y hold ) ! colony1 toge!r ) ! peculi> circum/ances 9 :i* its newly-emancipat$ population are plac$1 r5d] x an imp]ative duty we owe to ourselves to lay be=e y our s5tim5ts4 ,hav+ labor$ 9 ! isl& = _m ye>s1 & hav+ be5 9 daily int]c\rse ) ! objects ( our solicitude1 we d feel dev\tly ?ankful to ,,almighty ,,god1 t he has sp>$ u to see ! dis5?ralm5t ( our belov$ flocks2 :ile x gives u increas$ pleasure to assure y\r lord%ip t !y receiv$ ! boon ) holy joy1 & t ! h\r :i* made !m m5 beheld !m 9 ?\s&s humbly pro/rate at ! foot/ool ( m]cy1 implor+ ! bless+ ( ,,heav5 ^u !mselves & _! c\ntry1 :ile1 dur+ ! night & joyful day1 n a s+le case ( intoxication 0 se54 ,to u1 z _! pa/ors1 !y naturally look$ = advice1 bo? z to ! labor !y %\ld p]=m & ! wages !y %\ld receive4 ,! importance ( ?is subject 0 deeply felt by u1 & we 7 prep>$ to meet x ) a full s5se ( ! responsibility x involv$1 & happily succe$$ 9 induc+ !m to accept ( a sum l[] ?an t :i* ! repres5tatives ( ! l&[n]s _h =m]ly ass]t$ 0 fair & j4 ,we regret to /ate1 t a deep comb9ation 0 =m$ by _m ( ^! middlem5 to gr9d ! peasantry to ! du/1 & to induce1 if possible1 ! acceptance ( remun]ation :i*1 by af=d+ no inducem5t to ! peasant *e]fully to labor1 w\ld h entail$ paup]ism on him & 8 family1 & ru9 on ! abs5tee proprietor4 ,x 0 to ?is circum/ance1 & n 9 ! lea/ to any unwill+ness 9 ! free negro to "w1 or to dem& m = 8 labor ?an x 0 fairly wor?1 t = "o or two weeks1 9 "s places1 ! cultivation ( ! soil 0 n resum$4 ,^u ! plant+ attorneys1 s long accu/om$ to tyranny & oppression1 & arm$ ) a p[] ov] ! l& :i* mu/ prove inimical to ! full developm5t ( ! res\rces ( ?is valuable colony1 ! blame entirely re/s4 ,we suppose t y\r lord%ip is fully aw>e1 t ! laws "u :i* ! labor] is n[ plac$ are tyrannical & unju/ 9 ! extreme2 laws1 we hesitate n to affirm1 :i* are a disgrace to ^? :o fram$ !m1 & :i*1 if act$ ^u by a local magi/racy1 w entail ^u ! (t-*eat$1 ov]-pati5t negro "s ( ! wor/ features ( t degrad+ /ate ( vassalage f :i* he has j escap$4 ,we p>ticul>ly ref] to ,an ,act to enl>ge ! ,p[]s ( ,ju/ices 9 det]m9+ compla9ts betwe5 ,ma/]s & ,s]vants1 & betwe5 ,ma/]s1 & ,appr5tices1 ,artific]s1 & o!rs1 :i* pass$ ! ,assembly ! #crd day ( ,july1 #ahcd1 :ile by police acts1 especially "o regulat+ ! t[n ( ,falm\?1 our p w be daily h>ass$ & annoy$4 ,we ?9k x "r to in=m y\r lord%ip1 t ! great] "p ( ^? :o hold ! commission ( magi/rates are ! v p]sons :o1 by _! connection ) ! soil1 are ! mo/ unfit1 because ! mo/ int]e/$1 hone/ly to dis*>ge _! important duties2 :ile _! ignorance ( ! law is1 9 too _m cases1 equall$ only by _! love ( tyranny & misrule4 ,"t mu/ "w a mighty *ange 9 ! views ( numb]s :o hold ?is (fice1 ere !y believe !re is any d]eliction ( duty 9 daily defraud+ ! humble ,african4 ,we _c b entreat y\r lord%ip to use ^? means :i* are 9 y\r p[] to obta9 = ! labor]1 :o implor+ly looks to ! ,que5 = protection1 ju/ice at ! h&s ( ^? by :om ! law is adm9i/]$4 ,we mu/1 inde$1 be bl9d to all pass+ ev5ts1 did we n see t1 )\t ! wat*ful c>e ( ! home gov]nm5t1 ! c\ntry di/rict c\rts1 held sometimes 9 ! v habitations ( ^? :o w h to make ! compla9ts1 w be d5s ( inju/ice & cruelty1 & t our he>ts w aga9 be lac]at$ by ! oppressions "u :i* our belov$ p w groan4 ,we beg to apprise y\r lord%ip1 t we h e reason to believe t an e>ly attempt w be made to deprive ! peasantry ( _! provision gr\nds--t !y w n be p]mitt$1 ev5 to r5t !m2 s t1 by produc+ />vation & r5d]+ ! population entirely dep5d5t ^u =eign-supplies = ! daily necess>ies ( life1 a l[] rate ( wages may be en=c$4 ,cruel z ?is may appe> to y\r lord%ip1 & unlikely z x may seem1 long exp]i5ce has taught u t !re is no possible bas5ess ( :i* a slave-own] w n be guilty1 & no means ( accompli%+ 8 purposes1 h[ev] fraught ) ru9 to ^? ar\nd him1 :i* he w n employ4 ,%\ld ! peasantry be ?us treat$1 we %all feel x our duty humbly to implore t ! l&s belong+ to ! cr[n may be made available = _! use4 ,y\r lord%ip w rememb] t ^! ill-treat$ p became n ! subjects ( h] ,maje/y by *oice1 ?\gh !y are n[ devot$ly atta*$ to h] gov]nm5t4 ,_! fa!rs 7 /ol5 & br\ght hi!r4 ,on _! native %ores !y _h l&s & possessions capable ( supply+ all _! wants4 ,if1 !n1 aft] hav+ toil$ )\t remun]ation1 !y are prev5t$ ev5 r5t+ a portion ( l& :i* has hi!rto be5 e/eem$ z _! own1 we %all ask1 & %all feel assur$ t ! boon w n be )held1 t h] ,mo/ ,graci\s ,maje/y w ?r[ op5 ! l&s belong+ to ! cr[n1 :]e we may retire f ! tyranny ( man1 & ) our p f9d a peaceful & quiet home4 ,?\gh /ill surr\nd$ by obloquy & reproa*1 ?\gh ! mo/ abusive epi!ts & language disgracefully vulg> has be5 employ$ to assail u1 especially by a newspap] kn[n to be "u ! patronage ( a bi%op1 & 9 :i* all (ficial acc\nts ( 8 diocese are giv5 to ! _w1 yet we assure y\r lord%ip t1 9 endeav\r+ to promote ! g5]al int]e/s & welf>e ( ?is colony1 we %all /ill pursue t l9e ( conduct :i* is ! result ( our judgm5t1 & 9 accordance ) ! dictates ( our consci5ce4 ,9 no "p ( ! isl& are arrangem5ts made s fully or s fairly1 z 9 ^? di/ricts :]e our congregations reside1 & 9 no "p are ! labor]s m fai?fully p]=m+ _! duty4 ,we deeply feel our responsibility at ! pres5t crisis1 & pl$g+ ourselves to y\r lord%ip & ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t by ! sacr$ (fice we hold1 we assure y t ceaseless ef=ts %all /ill be ex]t$1 z !y h ev] be51 to promote ! peace & happ9ess ( ^? ar\nd u4 ,9 ! "n & on ! behalf ( our *ur*es1 = ! sacr$ cause ( fre$om ?r\gh\t ! _w1 we unit$ly implore y\r lord%ip to ?r[ ! %ield ( ,brita9's protection ov] ^? :o are j made h] loyal subjects4 ,all !y want1 & all !y ask1 is1 t1 z !y are rais$ to ! dignity1 s !y may receive all ! rights ( man1 & t ! nation :o pur*as$ !m f bondage may fully secure to !m t civil & religi\s lib]ty1 to :i* bo? _! unp>allel$ suff]+s & _! unexampl$ pati5ce s ri*ly entitle !m4 ,we _c conclude ?is lett]1 )\t express+ ! high s5se we ent]ta9 ( ! noble & dis9t]e/$ conduct pursu$ by 8 excell5cy ,sir ,lionel ,smi?1 ! ,gov]nor ( ?is colony4 ,b = 8 firmness1 ,jamaica w\ld h pres5t$ all ! horrors ( a civil w>4 ,feel+ assur$ t y\r lord%ip w give t att5tion to ?is lett] :i* ! subject dem&s1 & ) e>ne/ pray] t ?is colony1 n[ ble/ ) lib]ty1 may exhibit increas+ prosp]ity1 we are1 my "l1 y\r mo/ ob$i5t s]vants1 ,sign$ by ,,?omas ,,bur*ell ,,william ,,knibb ,,?omas ,,abbott ,,walt] ,,d5dy ,,john ,,cl>k ,b4,b4 ,,dext] ,,samuel ,,oughton ,j4 ,,hut*9s ,bapti/ ,mission>ies1 ,nor? ,side ,union4 ,on ! =ego+ lett] ! ,london ,sun has ! foll[+ obs]vations4 ,e arrival f ! ,we/ ,indies b /r5g!ns our conviction1 t !re nev] w be happ9ess1 security1 or peace = ! emancipat$ negroes1 s long z ! adm9i/ration ( ! laws1 & ! managem5t ( ! plantations1 are cont9u$ 9 ! h&s ( ^? :ite (ficials ^: occupation1 previ\s to ! pass+ ( ! emancipation act1 consi/$ 9 tortur+ & torm5t+ !m ) impunity4 ,!y _c endure to witness ! elevation to ! rank ( free1 intellig5t1 & well-behav$ fell[-citiz5s1 ( a class ( be+s :om !y 7 accu/om$ to treat a myriad ( times worse ?an !y did ! bea/s t p]i%4 ,hav+ pron\nc$ !m incapable ( civilization1 & /rang]s to all ! bett] feel+s ( our nature1 !y deem x a sort ( duty to !mselves to employ e artifice to neutralize or ret>d e measure calculat$ to ameliorate ! moral & social condition ( ! negro race4 ,sev]al ( ! colonial ag5ts h p[]ful inducem5ts to ! provocation ( "s insurrection>y outbreak1 on ! "p ( ! color$ population4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 su* an emute w\ld fulfil _! pr$ictions ) reg>d to ! pass+ ! ,emancipation ,act1 & s e/abli% _! reputation z se]s2 & 9 ! next1 x w\ld lead to ! sale ( _m ( ! plantations at "o-six? _! real value1 & s trans=m !m f ag5ts to pr9ciples1 z !y w\ld n fail to be ! pur*as]s4 ,t su* is _! policy _c1 we ?9k1 be d\bt$ = a mom5t by ^? :o w take ! tr\ble to p]use a lett] address$ by eight ,bapti/ mission>ies1 long resid5t 9 ,jamaica1 to ,"l ,gl5elg1 :i* w be f\nd 9 ano!r "p ( ,! ,sun4 ,^! mission>ies1 we are assur$1 are m5 ( irreproa*able lives1 ( indefatigable ,*ri/ian zeal1 & ( conv]sation becom+ p]sons ^: sacr$ (fice x is to prea* ! gospel ( peace4 ,t _! repres5tation w produce a p[]ful effect ^u ! m9ds ( ! p ( ?is c\ntry1 we feel z confid5t z we d t our graci\s ,que5 w conc$e any boon 9 h] royal gift1 necess>y to ! welf>e ( h] color$ subjects4 ,! foll[+ are a s]ies ( lett]s to ,mr4 ,/urge1 publi%$ 9 ! ,briti% ,emancipator = ,nov4 #bh1 #ahch4 ,! "o f a ,special ,ju/ice cle>ly developes ! pr9cipal causes ( ! backw>dness ( ! labor]s4 ,! te/imony ( ?is lett] to "s important facts w be fully confirm$ by t ( ! ,gov]nor ( ,jamaica4 ,! evid5ce ( extortion submitt$ by ! mission>ies is s explicit1 t we beg ! att5tion ( ! read] to all ! details4 ,rememb] ! exp]im5t involves ! claims ( millions to t )\t :i* life is little bett] ?an a curse4 ,e ?+ hangs on ! inquiry :e!r ! emancipat$ or _! =m] ma/]s are *>geable ) :atev] !re is ( ru9 9 ! f9e isl& ( ,jamaica4 ,says ,mr4 ,/urge1 9 lay+ ^! lett]s be=e ! public1 x %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood t ! fee simple ( all negro h\ses 9 ,jamaica is n wor? #aj ea* on an av]age1 & t _! provision gr\nds h be5 br\ght into cultivation by ! negroes !mselves 9 _! own "t4 ,extract ( a lett] f a ,mission>y3-- ,savannah-la-,m>1 ,sept4 #h1 #ahch4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1--,y are probably aw>e t ! foll[+ "q has be5 submitt$ by ! ,gov]nor to ! ,attorney-,g5]al = 8 op9ion3 7copy47 7,no4 #hdd47 ,k+' ,h\se1 ,aug4 #bg1 #ahch4 ,,sir1--,i am desir$ by ! ,gov]nor to reque/ y w give y\r op9ion = g5]al publication4 #a/4 ,:e!r 9 in/ances ( notices to quit _! h\ses & gr\nds1 hav+ be5 s]v$ ^u ! late appr5tices1 !y are liable to be made to pay r5t = ! occupation ( su* h\se1 dur+ ! ?ree mon?s all[$ by law8 7,,op9ion47 ,!y are4 7,sign$17 ,d ,o',,reill4 ,we %all soon see ! evil effects ( ?is op9ion1 x be+ g5]ally previ\sly und]/ood t ! late appr5tic$ population w\ld n be liable = r5t until ! ?ree mon?s _h expir$1 aft] receiv+ notice to quit4 ,z a specim5 ( ?is be+ made an in/rum5t ( great oppression 9 ! h&s ( manag]s ( e/ates1 ,i w\ld /ate t two notices 7 ye/]day br\ght to bro!r ,hut*9s = 8 inspection2 "o 0 s]v$ ^u ,david ,cl>ke1 a lab\r]1 on ,k+'s ,valley e/ate1 9 ?is p>i%4 ,on ! back ( ! notice to quit 0 writt5 z "u2-- ,! r5t ( y\r h\se & gr\nds is tw5ty-"o p\nds six %ill+s & eight p5ce1 p] annum1 comm5c+ #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahch1 if legal4 7,sign$7 ,j4 ,h4 ,,jones4 ,mr4 ,/urge app5ds ! foll[+ ,we/ ,india acc\nts1 :i* be says are 9 8 possession by :i* x is evid5t t ! plant]s are br++ _! labor]s 9 debt to !m1 by a _s ( %ameless extortion4 ,*>les ,duncan to ,john ,dixon1 ,dr4 #ahch4 ,sept4 #ae4 ,to r5t ( h\se & gr\nd1 f #a/ ( ,augu/ to date1 #fs4 #h;d4 p] week4 #b #c #i-a_/b ,cr4 ,by balance1 five days1 #as4#h;d4 p] day #j #h #d ------------- #a #ae #e-a_/b ,*>les ,br[n1 to ,john ,dixon1 ,dr4 #ahch4 ,sept4 #ac4 ,to r5t ( h\se & gr\nd1 #fs4 #h;d4 p] week1 f #a/ ,aug1 to date4 #b #a #aj ,*>ge = runn+ a s[ & pigs1 f #a/ ,aug4 to date1 #bs4 #f;d4 p] week #j #ae #h-a_/b ------------- #b #ag #f-a_/b ,john ,alfr$ ,bullock to ,john ,dixon1 ,dr4 #ahch4 ,sept4 #ae4 ,to r5t ( h\se & g>d51 f #a/ ( ,aug4 to date1 #fs4 #h;d4 p] week1 #b #c #i-a_/b ,r5t ( provision gr\nd1 #es4 p] week1 #a #ab #f ,pa/urage1 two weeks1 = an ass1 #fs4 #c;d1 p] mon?1 #j #c #d ,two hogs1 #as4 #h;d4 p] week1 #a #a #aj-c_/d ------------- #e #a #f-a_/d ,cr4 ,by two days' lab\r1 #as4 #h;d4 p] day #j #c #d ------------- #d #ah #b-a_/c ,,lett] ,,to ,,mr4 ,,/urge1 ,,f ,a ,,special ,,ju/ice4 ,jamaica1 ,oct4 #ab?1 #ahch4 ,fre$om has br\ght ) x ! bless+s we anticipat$2 & z we progress 9 civilization we %all all be happi]4 ,i h ev] be5 sangu9e z to its b5eficial results1 & ,i am n 9 ! lea/ disappo9t$4 ,i _c f9d language suffici5tly /rong to express ! comm5dation due to ! negroes = _! /eady & good conduct s9ce ! #a/ ( ,augu/4 ,amid/ ! mo/ try+ circum/ance1 !y h exhibit$ ! greate/ =be>ance1 & plac$ _! :ole reliance on ! laws = protection4 ,i am satisfi$ t no o!r nation ( free m5 c\ld conduct !mselves s temp]ately & well1 "u simil> circum/ances2 & 9 my op9ion1 !y h prov$ !mselves inf9itely sup]ior to _m ( ^? :o s lately ex]cis$ almo/ unlimit$ control ov] !m4 ,i decl>e to y1 to see su* a mass ( p]sons1 ^: morals h be5 little reg>d$ by ^? :o held !m 9 slav]y1 & )\t education1 rise all at once1 & express & conduct !mselves s admirably1 is wond]ful4 ,:5 seek+ r$ress be=e ! magi/rates = wrongs committ$ by !re =m] own]s !y h ma9ta9$ m coolness & temp] ?an _! m =tunate bre?r51 :5 mat]s are decid$ aga9/ !m4 ,!re is a h>d /ruggle on ! "p ( ! pro-slav]y faction to compel ! negro to "w = little or no?+1 9 ord] t ! attorneys & ov]se]s may keep _! places z be=e2 & ,i am in=m$1 by a g5tleman ^: v]acity is n to be d\bt$1 & :o is himself an attorney1 t he c /ill keep 8 ov]se] & m]*ant z 9 =m] days1 draw 8 own commissions1 & s5d home to 8 employ] a v h&some surplus4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 well may ! fri5ds ( fre$om cry %ame at ! opposition :i* has = s long a "t be5 ?r[n 9 ! way ( lib]ty1 by ^! ,we/ ,indians ( practical k4 ,! facts are1 t ! abs5t proprietors h be5 l$ by ! advice !y h receiv$ f _! attorneys2 & ^! h _h s _m ways ( mak+ m ?an an hone/ commission1 & h s spe$ily made _! =tunes1 t z long z !y c\ld cont9ue slav]y1 !y h ex]t$ e influ5ce4 ,! ov]se] 0 paid1 h\s$1 f$1 & wait$ ^u1 all at ! exp5se ( ma/] & slave1 beside2 keep+ a f9e /ud ( horses1 & z _m brood m>es at pa/ure on ! prop]ty z w\ld enable him to dispose ( sev5 or eight prime mules annually2 & s long z he drove & torm5t$ ! poor negro1 & made good crops = ! attorney's commissions1 & suppli$ 8 horses ) corn1 ^! little p]quisites 7 nev] discov]$4 ,n[ ! proprietor w h>dly pay = m labor ?an is absolutely necess>y to gr[ & manufacture ! produce ( 8 e/ate2 & ^! g5tlem5 mu/ h5ce=? look to _! own res\rces1 = ! paym5t ( s]vants to att5d & take c>e ( _! own int]e/s & com=ts4 ,an ov]se]'s situation on an e/ate mak+ #cjj hog%eads1 0 calculat$ 9 slav]y to be equal to #bjjjl4 a ye>4 ,inde$ no man 9 any t[n c\ld h liv$ 9 su* luxury = t sum4 ,if ! proprietor w\ld only come out1 & live prud5tly1 he w\ld save all ?is by resid+ on 8 prop]ty1 :i* he c\ld easily manage by employ+1 = extra wages1 8 =m] /eady head p4 ,!y1 f long resid5ce1 "k ! be/ mann] ( work+ ! l&2 &1 z to ! manufacture ( sug>1 !y are ! p]sons :o h all _! lives be5 work+ at x4 ,! mo/ important "p ( an ov]se] & book-keep]'s bus9ess 0 to make use ( _! eyes4 ,! negro _h to make use ( 8 legs1 arms & /r5g?2 &1 9 n9e cases out ( t51 8 bra9s kept ! :ite p 9 _! situations1 by prev5t+ matt]s f go+ wrong4 ,i p]fectly co9cide ) y1 z to ! propriety ( ! negro spe$ily becom+ possess$ ( ! elective fran*ise4 ,9 ,antigua !re is v little m l& ?an is 9 cultivation = ! e/ates1 b "h x is widely diff]5t2 & !y are beg9n+ to settle !mselves by pur*as+ small lots v fa/4 ,at ,sligoville !re are ne>ly fifty new freehold]s4 ,! negroes are taught to d ?is by ! p]petual worry ( _! employ]s1 ?reat5+ to ou/ !m on e trifl+ occasion1 & )hold+ "p ( _! wages on ! plea ( non-p]=mance ( "w4--,! root ( all evil is ! ,assembly & ! ,juries4 ,no?+ requires great] alt]ation2 & ,i %all nev] re/1 until ,i see ! black man /& ! same *ance at ! b> ( 8 c\ntry z ! :ite man4--,! negroes w n "w "u _! =m] h>d task-ma/]s4 ,!y det]m9$ly resi/ all solicitations to labor ) ^? :o treat$ !m ill4 ,!y say t ! pa9 is gone1 b ! m>k rema9s1 & ,i respect !m = ?is pr\d feel+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h come "u 8 displeasure = tak+ ! op9ion ( ,middleton & ,mc,dougal1 z to ! legality ( *>g+ ! negro hire = 8 h\se & gr\nds1 = ! ?ree mon?s dur+ :i* ! notices to quit are runn+4--,_h we n tak5 ^! op9ions1 :at a fe>ful /ate ?+s might we h be5 br\ght to 9 ?is c\ntry6 ,i am q satisfi$ t no r5t c\ld be recov]$ until ! expiration ( ! ?ree mon?s1 f :i* "t x w\ld comm5ce to run1 & ! pla9tiff w\ld 9 law be consid]$ 9 possession ( 8 l&s aga91 :i*1 9 slav]y1 he 0 compell$ to give to 8 slave = 8 support & ma9t5ance4 ,he mu/ re-ent] be=e he c\ld dem& r5t1 = x is impossible = him to prove a contract1 or imply "o4 ,! negro did n will+ly come f ,africa1 & occupy 8 l&2 he 0 torn f 8 native l&1 & compell$ by 8 own]1 "u laws t took 8 life1 n to quit ! l&2 h[ !re=e c he be consid]$ to h made a contract1 or cons5t$ to "o8 ,,f ,,! ,,rev4 ,j4 ,,k+don ,man*ioneal1 ,oct4 #i1 #ahch4 ,9 pass+ ?r\gh ,hector's ,riv] great h\se y>d1 9 my way to my prea*+ spot1 ,i h ! mo/ s5sible demon/ration ( ! reality ( ! political *ange happily br\ght ab\t2 = t hot-h\se1 9 :i* ,i h se5 "o ( my own memb]s 9 irons = hav+ a bad sore leg1 & 9 :i* ,i h be5 grossly insult$ = d>+ to g to see my poor p--t h\se is %ut up6 ,delightful1 ,i assure y1 are my feel+s1 :5ev] ,i g by t place1 atta*$ to :i*1 too1 0 ! old-"t prison1 a p]fect *>nel-h\se4 ,,f ,,! ,,rev4 ,s4 ,,oughton4 ,lucea1 ,octob] #b1 #ahch4 ,unus$ to acts ( ju/ice & humanity1 ! ,plant]s1 9 a mom5t ( mad excitem5t pass$ an act to aboli% ! accurs$ sy/em ( ,slav]y4 ,! debates on t occasion prov$ ) :at an ill grace !y p]=m$ t scanty act ( ju/ice1 & all exp]i5ce s9ce t p]iod proves h[ bitt]ly !y rep5t x4 ,x is true1 we are n n[1 z be=e1 di/ress$ by he>+ recitals ( b>b>\s corporeal puni%m5ts1 & we are no long] pa9$ by see+ human be+s *a9$ to ea* o!r by ! neck2 b1 al?\gh cruelty has1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ceas$1 oppression has become t5 ?\s& times m rampant ?an ev]4 ,e act :i* +5uity or malice c inv5t1 is employ$ to h>ass ! poor negroes4 ,prior to ,augu/ #a/1 ! plant] /udi\sly avoid$ e ?+ l an arrangem5t ) ! labor]1 & :51 on ! foll[+ ,monday1 !y turn$ out to "w1 ! paltry pittance ( #ab-a_/b;d4 7#g-a_/b;d4 /]l47 0 all t 9 ! majority ( cases 0 (f]$ = ! s]vices ( an able-bodi$ negro1 al?\gh #bs4 #f;d4 p] day 7curr5cy71 _h be=e be5 inv>iably exact$ f !m1 :5 !y 7 desir\s ( pur*as+ ! rema9+ t]m ( _! appr5tice%ip4 ,( c\rse1 ! p refus$ to receive s paltry a remun]ation = _! lab\r1 & ?is has laid ! f\ndation = a c\rse ( sy/ematic oppression sc>cely conceivable4 ,notices to quit 7 s]v$ indiscrim9ately on e "o1 old & "y1 sick & heal?y4 ,m$ical att5dance 0 refus$1 & ev5 a dose ( physic f ! ,e/ates' hospitals4 ,cattle 7 turn$ into ! provision-gr\nds ( ! negroes1 ?us de/roy+ _! only means ( support2 & assaults ( ! mo/ wanton & brutal description 7 committ$ on _m ( ! peasantry4 ,on "o e/ate ! proprietor & 8 bro!r assault$ a "y man 9 ! mo/ unprovok$ mann]4 ,"o pres5t$ a pi/ol to 8 brea/1 & ?reat5$ to %oot him2 :ile ! o!r levell$ a gun at 8 head = ! same purpose4 ,!y 7 b\nd ov] to take _! trial at ! ,qu>t] ,sessions2 b :at hope is !re 9 su* a tribunal z t1 compos$ pr9cipally ( m5 engag$ 9 ! same reckless c\rse1 & b&$ toge!r by mutual int]e/s8 ,on ano!r e/ate 7,cont5t71 ! attorney ord]$ ! cattle ( a poor man 7a memb] ( my ,*apel7 to be tak5 up & imp\nd$4 ,x 0 done1 & ! man 0 oblig$ to pay #fl4 to r$eem !m2 :51 z soon z he c>ri$ !m back1 !y 7 aga9 tak5 & imp\nd$4 ,! man has be5 to my h\se ) 8 case ( oppression1 on my return f ,k+/on4 ,he /ates t he exhau/$ 8 la/ f>?+ to r$eem ! cattle ! fir/ "t1 & 0 also oblig$ to borr[ ( 8 fri5ds2 !y h n[ be5 imp\nd$ five weeks1 & unless he c raise ! money to r$eem !m 7upw>ds ( #ajl471 !y w be sold to pay ! exp5ses4 ,?us is an hone/ & wor?y man1 9 a few weeks1 /ripp$ ( e ?+ :i*1 by ye>s ( indu/ry & c>e1 he _h accumulat$ = ! com=t ( 8 old age1 or ! b5efit ( 8 family4 ,ye/]day a negro came & in=m$ me t ! own] ( a prop]ty _h told him la/ ye>1 t he mu/ cultivate m gr\nd1 s z to be able to cont9ue possession z a t5ant2 & n[ t he has done s1 ano!r p]son1 say+ t he _h pur*as$ ! prop]ty1 came a few days ago1 & told him t 9 ?ree weeks he w\ld drive him f ! place4 ,he !n ord]$ a man :om he _h ) him to climb a bread-fruit tree1 & pull ! fruit1 :i* he =cibly c>ri$ away to give to 8 hogs4 ,b ,i mu/ =be>3 7 ,i to /ate half ! cases ( oppression :i* h occurr$ 9 ,hanov] s9ce ,augu/ #a/2 ,i %\ld require a volume in/ead ( a %eet4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 ,i h said en\gh to prove ! bitt] & rancor\s _s :i* at pres5t animates ! plant]s4 ,enclos$ ,i s5d a specim5 ( ano!r artifice adopt$ to h>ass & di/ress ! negroes4 ,!y h adopt$ ! notion 7sanction$ by ! op9ion ( ! old ,plant]s' ,jackall1 ,batty1 & ! ,attorney ,g5]al71 t ! p are liable to pay r5t = h\ses & gr\nds dur+ ! ?ree mon?s' possession to :i* ! ,abolition ,act entitl$ !m1 & notices h be5 s]v$ on ! p1 dem&+ ! mo/ extravagant am\nts = ! mis]able %$s :i* ! p inhabit$4 ,y w p]ceive t 9 once case #bal4 #fs4 #i;d4 has be5 dem&$4 ,?is consci5ti\s dem& 0 made by ,john ,h\ghton ,james1 ,executor & ,attorney = ,sir ,simon ,cl>k4 ,ano!r is f a ,mr4 ,b[51 ( ,or*>d ,e/ate2 & ! ?ird f ,mr4 ,brockett1 ( ,hopewell & ,cont5t ,e/ates1 ! prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,miles1 ,m4,p4 = ,bri/ol4 ,let x be borne 9 m9d t ^! %ameful & exorbitant dem&s are n made1 z 9 ,engl&1 on ! head ( ! family only1 b on e memb] :o is able to d ! lea/ "w1 & ev5 little *ildr5 h pap]s dem&+ #bs4 #d;d4 p] week = gr\nd1 al?\gh unable to d ! lea/ ?+3 "o ( ^! ,i also enclose4 ,jamaica1 ss4 ,notice is h]eby ,giv51 ,t ! sum ( eight %ill+s & f\r p5ce1 weekly1 w be exact$ f y & ea* ( y respectively1 = ! h\ses & gr\nds at ,or*>d ,e/ate1 9 ! p>i% ( ,hanov]1 f ,augu/ ( ! pres5t ye>1 until ! expiration ( ! ?ree mon?s' notice1 f its p]iod ( s]vice to quit2 or to ! p]iod ( surr5d]+ to me ! peaceable possession ( ! a=esaid h\se & provision gr\nds4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,b[54 ,dat$ ?is #ag? day ( ,sep4 #ahch4 ,,to ,,james ,,d>l+ & ,,s>ah ,,d>l+1 ( ! p>i% ( ,,hanov]4 ,"h !n1 my de> ,sir1 y may p]ceive some?+ ( ! atroci\s proce$+s 9 ! isl& ( ,jamaica4 ,pray ins]t ^! docum5ts 9 ! ,emancipator4 ,let ! ,anti-slav]y fri5ds "k ! /ate ( ?+s1 & urge !m to r$\bl$ dilig5ce4 ,! ,h\se ( ,assembly w meet on ! #cj? in/ant1 & !n1 ,i fe>1 dreadful measures w be tak54 ,a lett] f ,mr4 ,h>k]1 ( ! ,jamaica ,royal ,gazette1 ab\t a =tnight s9ce1 address$ to ,mr4 ,abbott1 %[s :at absolute & cruel /atutes !y w\ld wi% ei!r to act ^u1 or to make ! models ( new laws4 ,e act mu/ be wat*$ ) ! mo/ jeal\s scrut9y4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t ! plant]s possess an +5uity truly diabolical1 9 twi/+ & di/ort+ ! laws to suit _! own selfi% purpose4 ,our hope is 9 ,briti% ,*ri/ians2 & we confid5tly hope e "o ( !m w feel ! importance ( increas$ dilig5ce1 le/ ! great1 & long pray$-= boon ( fre$om1 %\ld become a curse1 in/ead ( a bless+4 ,! pap]s w in=m y ( ! odium ,i h drawn on myself 9 def5d+ ! p's rights4 ,t conta9$ 9 ! great mass1 only provokes a smile4 ,i "k t e fri5d 9 ,engl& w int]pret x inv]sely4 ,i did feel ,mr4 ----'s lett] 9 ! ,falm\? ,po/1 b he kn[s 8 error1 & is sorry = x4 ,i c\ld h answ]$ x1 b did n *oose to cause a division among/ ! few fri5ds ( ! negro1 :5 !y _h q en\gh to d to )/& ! attacks ( _! enemies4 ,,f ,,! ,,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,philippo4 ,spani% ,t[n1 ,oct4 #ac1 #ahch4 ,! foll[+ is "o ( ! sev5 ( ! same t5or n[ 9 my possession1 :i* w1 9 addition to ^? ,i =w>d$ by la/ mail1 in=m y ( ! cause ( ! late dis9cl9ation ( ! p 9 "s di/ricts to lab\r--:i*1 ) s mu* effront]y1 has be5 proclaim$ ?r\gh ! public ,j\rnals "h3-- ,*>les ,mi*ael ,kelly & ,wife1 to ,j4,s4 ,b5b[1 ,dr4 #ahcj3 ,july #ad? to ,sept4 #i?4 #a4 ,to ! r5t ( h\se & gr\nd on ,ca/le ,kelly plantation1 = eight weeks1 at #fs4 #h;d4 p] week4 #cl4 #ac #d #b4 ,ri*>d ,kelly & ,wife4 ,same4 #c4 ,el5or ,m]c]4 ,same4 #d4 ,john ,ri$ & ,wife4 ,same4 #e4 ,m>y ,ann ,*ri/ie4 ,same4 #f4 ,v5us ,ow5 7or su* l "n74 ,same4 ,,f ,,! ,,rev4 ,j4 ,,hut*9s4 ,savanna-la-,m>1 ,sept4 #ag1 #ahch4 ,i n[1 accord+ to promise 9 my la/1 s5d y a few out ( ! _m cases ,i am almo/ h\rly tr\bl$ )4 ,"s ( our w\ld-be great m5 are1 ,i am sorry to say1 h>ass+ ! poor free lab\r]s %amefully2 & %\ld x prove1 z ,i ?9k 9 "s cases x mu/1 ( s]i\s injury to ! abs5tee proprietors1 ,i %all publi% ! cases ( grievance br\ght me1 toge!r ) ! names ( ! e/ates1 own]s1 attorneys1 ov]se]s1 c41 & leave all p>ties to =m _! own op9ion on ! subject4 ,amelia ,m>t91 to ,retrieve ,e/ate1 ,dr4 #ahch3 ,augu/ #bi4 ,to h\se & gr\nd1 r5t at #es4 p] week1 f #a/ ,augu/ to date #dl4 #j #j ,a,alliac ,davis1 gr\nd r5t at #aj;d4 p] week #c #j ,a,william ,davis2 ditto ditto #j #c #d ------------- #dl4 #f #d ------------- ,?os4 ,tats1 ,esq4 is ,attorney1 & ,mr4 ,comry ,ov]se]1 ,footnote ,a3 ,boys f #i to #aa1 h] sons4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l\isa ,patt]1 to ,retrieve ,e/ate1 ,dr4 #ahch3 ,aug4 #bh4 ,to h\se & gr\nd f #a/ ,aug4 to date #al4 #j #j ,%e /ates %e has be5 sickly s long1 t %e has no gr\nd 9 cultivation1 & _c help h]self1 & has only :at yams h] fri5ds give h]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,susan ,james1 to ,albany ,e/ate1 ,dr4 #ahch3 ,aug4 #bh4 ,to h\se & gr\nd r5t at #es4 p] week1 f #a/ ,augu/1 to date #al4 #j #j ,?os4 ,hewett1 gr\nd r5t #j #ac #d ,elizabe? ,james1 ditto #j #ac #d ,m>y ,dunn1 ditto #j #aj #j ,letitia1 ditto,a #j #f #h ------------- #cl4 #c #d ------------- ,footnote ,a3 ,^! are a "m & f\r *ildr5 9 "o h\se1 & ) b "o gr\nd1 !y tell me4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ri*>d ,w>r51 to ,albany ,e/ate1 ,dr4 #ahch3 ,aug4 #bh4 ,to h\se & gr\nd r5t to date #al4 #j #j ,wife #j #ae #d ,*ild,b #j #aj #j ------------- #bl4 #e #d ------------- ,footnote ,b3 ,! *ild is q "y1 & 9 daily att5dance at "o ( my s*ools4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ?is prop]ty1 "u ! same manag]s z ,retrieve1 ! p /ate t !y are go+ on %amefully4 ,! la/ ,sabba? b "o1 :5 we 7 at s]vice1 ,/eph5 ,campbell1 ! book-keep]1 & ,edw>d ,pulsey1 old-"t con/able1 come r\nd & m>k all = we h\se1 & *>ge = eb]y "o ( we family4 ,we don't "k :at k9d ( fee dis we hab at all2 = we attorney1 ,mr4 ,tate1 neb] come on we prop]ty1 leave all to ,mr4 ,comeoy4 ,we peak to him = make b>ga91 him say him c't make law1 & him no make b>ga9 till him he>e :at law come out 9 packet4 ,him say dem :o make b>ga9 are fools2 beside him no call up a p>cel ( nigg]s to hold s]vice wid me2 %\ld only get laugh$ at4 ,s we "k n :at = d4 ,y are = we m9i/]1 & = we only fri5d2 & if y did n advise we to g on "w till ?+s settle d[n1 we no lift ano!r hoe4 ,we w\ld left ! prop]ty4 ,unless an arrangem5t is soon ent]$ into1 ,i %all advise !m to d s4 ,james ,gre5held1 to ,new ,gall[ay ,e/ate1 ,dr4 ,to "o week's r5t ( h\se1 g>d51 & gr\nd1 & to #e ditto = 8 wife1 ,m>g>et ,gre5field1 at #es4 p] week4 #a #aj #j ,j4,g4 /ates1 ,i come = massa4 ,:5 we make b>ga9 ) ,mr4 ,mc,neal1 x 0 a macc>oni 7#as4 #h;d47 a day1 & = we h\se & gr\nd4 ,me is able & will+ = "w1 s let my wife /op home2 s him *>ge me de same sum = my wife1 z = me own h\se & gr\nd4 ,& d5 la/ week me sick & get no money1 & !y *>ge me ov] aga91 7z above7 "o week me sick4 ,me no able = say :at to call dat massa1 me sure4 ,i leave ) y to make y\r own comm5ts1 & to d :at y please ) ! above4 ,al?\gh my *apel is #gjj 9 debt1 & my s*ools1 "o ( #ahj & "o ( #afj s*ol>s1 are heavy1 v heavy on me1 ,i _c d o!r ?an advise my p to save e mite1 buy an acre ( l&1 & by t means be indep5d5t1 & job ab\t :]ev] !y may be want$4 ,,f ,,! ,,rev4 ,t4 ,,bur*ell4 ,montego ,bay1 ,octob] #b1 #ahch4 ,! reason :y ,i h n writt5 to y s long1 is ! int5sely anxi\s "t we h _h4 ,i feel1 h[ev]1 t x is high "t n[ to address y2 =1 if our fri5ds 9 ,engl& relax _! ef=ts1 my conviction is1 t fre$om w be m 9 "n ?an 9 reality1 9 ?is slave-hold+ ,isl&4 ,!re is no?+ to be fe>$1 if ! noble b& ( fri5ds :o h s long & s successfully /ruggl$1 w b cont9ue _! assi/ance a %ort "t long]4 ,! plant]s h made a desp]ate /ruggle1 & s1 ,i h no d\bt1 w ! ,h\se ( ,assembly1 aga9/ ! emancipat$ negroes4 ,my firm conviction has be51 & /ill is1 t ! plant]s h endeavor$1 by ! (f] ( ! mo/ paltry wages1 to r$uce ! condition ( ! labor]1 & make him z badly (f z he 0 :5 an appr5tice or a slave1 t he may curse ! day t made him free4 ,?\gh unable to conduct ! usual s]vices on ,sunday ! #e? ,augu/1 at ! close ,i address$ ! congregation1 urg+ ^u !m ! necessity ( comm5c+ _! "w on ! foll[+ day1 :e!r arrangem5ts 7 made betwe5 !mselves & _! ma/]s or n2 z by s do+ !y w\ld put x out ( ! p[] ( _! oppon5ts to say any?+ evil ( !m4 ,!y assembl$1 & on ,monday ! #f? ?\s&s turn$ out to "w1 & cont9u$ to labor1 unless prev5t$ by ! ,manag]1 until arrangem5ts 7 made4 ,y w rememb]1 t prior to ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 a :ite man :o hir$ out a gang ( appr5tices to an e/ate 0 paid at ! rate ( #as4 #f;d4 /]l+ p] diem = ea* able labor]4 ,! appr5tice receiv$ ! same :5 he work$ = ! e/ate on 8 own days1 ,friday & ,saturday2 & :5ev] !y 7 valu$ = ! purpose ( pur*as+ ! rema9+ "t ( _! appr5tice%ip1 ! plant] ^u oa? /at$ t _! s]vices 7 wor? at lea/ #as4 #f4 p] diem to ! e/ate1 & ! appr5tice _h to r$eem himself at t rate4 ,aft] ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 ! plant]s discov]$1 t1 :il/ ! prop]ties w\ld well af=d to cont9ue ! lavi% & extravagant exp5diture 9 manag+ ! e/ates1 x w\ld be c]ta9 ru9 to ! prop]ties1 if ! lab\r] 0 paid m ?an #ga_/b;d4 p] diem4 = ! #a/ class ( lab\r]s1 #f;d4 ! #bnd class1 & #da_/b;d4 = ! #crd class3 & :y8 ,i "k n :y1 unless x 0 because ! long oppress$ negro 0 to put ! money into 8 own pocket1 & n 8 :ite oppressors4 ,?is seems to h made all ! diff]5ce4 ,! above wages 7 accord+ly (f]$1 & reject$ ) scorn2 ! p feel+ ! greate/ indignation at ! atroci\s attempt ( _! old oppressors to gr9d !m d[n n[ !y are free1 & keep !m 9 a /ate ( degradation4 ,! greate/ confusion & disord] ensu$2 ! lab\r]s indignant at ! conduct ( _! ma/]s1 & ! plant]s enrag$ aga9/ ! p1 = presum+ to ?9k & act = !mselves4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 ! fury ( ! plant]s 0 direct$ aga9/ half a doz5 ,bapti/ mission>ies1 & z _m m fri5ds & /ip5di>y ,magi/rates2 & ,i c assure y t ! ,jamaica press equall$ its mo/ vitup]ative days1 & came =? wor?y ( itself4 ,! ,despat*1 or ! ,old ,jamaica ,c\rant1 s well kn[n 9 #ahcb = advocat+ ! burn+ ( *apels1 & ! hang+ ( mission>ies2 0 q 9 ! %ade4 ,! pi\s ,polypheme1 ! ,bi%op's pap]1 ) ! ,jamaica ,/&>d ( infamy & falsehood1 publi%$ 9 ?is t[n1 took ! lead1 & a pretty /&>d x is4 ,let =eign]s judge ( ,jamaica by ! ,jamaica ,/&>d ( ,augu/ la/1 & !y mu/ suppose x is an isl& ( savages1 or a little hell4 ,! press teem$ ) abuse ( ! mo/ savage nature aga9/ u1 & publi%$ ! mo/ b>efac$ lies4 ,t1 h[ev]1 y :o "k ! g5]ality ( ! ,jamaica ,press1 w say is no?+ new or /range2 well1 x is n1 nor d we reg>d any /atem5ts !y make2 = no "o believes :at !y publi%1 & x is a s\rce ( gratification to u t we h nev] =feit$ our "* or pr9ciples 9 ! e/imation ( ! reflect+1 ! philan?ropi/1 or ! ,*ri/ian public1 by m]it+ _! approbation4 ,9 ! mulct ( ?is seem+ly g5]al conspiracy to defraud ! labor] ( 8 wages by exorbitant r5ts1 c4 ,sir ,lionel ,smi?1 ! ,gov]nor1 proce$s f di/rict to di/rict1 giv+ advice to bo? ( ! cont5d+ p>ties1 & /riv+ to promote a mutual und]/&+4 ,8 te/imony to ! designs ( ! plant]s giv5 to _! faces1 & n d5i$1 is v important2 we give !re=e "o ( 8 meet+s1 z ! f9d x report$ 9 ! ,jamaica pap]s4 ,"h is a r famili> conv]sation among "s ( ! *ief m5 ( t isl&--:]e c we expect to f9d m au?oritative te/imony8 ,,sir ,,lionel ,,smi?',s ,,visit ,,to ,,duns9ane4 ,8 ,excell5cy1 ,sir ,lionel ,smi?1 visit$ ,duns9ane on ,?ursday la/1 agreeably to arrangem5ts previ\sly ent]$ into1 = ! purpose ( address+ ! late appr5tic$ population 9 t neighborhood1 on ! propriety ( resum+ ! cultivation ( ! soil4 ,ab\t two miles f ,duns9ane1 8 ,excell5cy 0 met by a cavalcade compos$ ( ! late appr5tices1 :o 7 prec$$ by ,messrs4 ,b\rne1 ,hamilton1 & ,k5t1 late ,special ,ju/ices4 ,on ! arrival ( 8 ,excell5cy at ,duns9ane1 he 0 met by ! ,hon4 ,joseph ,gordon1 ,cu/os1 ! ,"l ,bi%op att5d$ by 8 ,secret>y1 & ! ,rev4 ,alex&] ,campbell2 ! ,hon4 ,hector ,mit*el1 ,mayor ( ,k+/on1 & a l>ge numb] ( highly respectable plant]s1 proprietors1 & attorneys4 ,8 ,excell5cy1 on be+ seat$ 9 ! dwell+1 said1 t f in=mation :i* he _h receiv$ f o!r p>i%es1 & facts ga!r$ f p]sonal obs]vation1 he believ$ t ! same bone ( cont5tion exi/$ !re z else:]e--a s\rce ( discont5t br\ght ab\t by ! plant]s s]v+ ! p ) notices to quit _! h\ses & gr\nds4 ,he did n "q _! "r to d s1 or ! legality ( su* a proce$+1 b he que/ion$ ! prud5ce ( ! /ep4 ,! great *ange f slav]y to unre/rict$ fre$om surely des]v$ "s consid]ation4 ,?+s _c s soon be quiet & calm4 ,dep5d ^u x1 no?+ w be done by =ce4 ,mu* may be by conciliation & prud5ce4 ,d away ) e emblem ( slav]y2 ?r[ (f ! ,kilm>nock cap1 & adopt 9 its /ead1 l rational m51 ,britannia's cap ( lib]ty4 ,he 7,sir ,lionel7 d\bt$ n ! "r ( ! plant]s to r5t _! h\ses & gr\nds2 9 ord] to be m c]ta9 on t head1 he _h procur$ ! op9ion ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al2 b ! ex]cise ( ! "r by ! plant]1 & gett+ ! p to "w1 7 v diff]5t matt]s4 ,mu* difficulty mu/ be felt 9 gett+ rid ( slav]y4 ,ev5 9 ! little isl& ( ,antigua1 x _h tak5 six mon?s to get matt]s into a quiet /ate2 b "h1 9 a l>ge c\ntry l ,jamaica1 c\ld x be expect$ to be done 9 a day1 & 0 x because x 0 n done1 t ! plant]s 7 to be oppos$ to him8 ,y are all 9 arms aga9/ me 7said 8 ,excell5cy17 b all ,i ask ( y is to ex]cise pati5ce1 & all w be "r4 ,i h done1 & am do+ all 9 my p[] = ! good ( my c\ntry4 ,if y h s]v$ ! p ) notices to quit1 ) a view to compel !m to "w1 or ?9k+ to =ce !m to "w = a c]ta9 rate ( wages1 y h done wrong4 ,co]cive measures w nev] succe$4 ,9 ,v]e1 :i* ,i lately visit$1 ! plant]s h agre$ to give ! p #as4 #h;d4 p] day1 & to let !m h _! h\ses & gr\nds = ?ree mon?s free ( *>ge4 ,8 ,excell5cy1 on see+ "s symptoms ( disapprobation manife/$1 said1 ,well1 if y _c af=d to pay s mu*1 pay :at y c af=d2 b above all1 use conciliatory measures1 & ,i h n a d\bt on my m9d b t ! p w g to _! "w4 ,see+ s _m plant]s pres5t1 he %\ld be happy if !y w\ld come to an arrangem5t among !mselves1 be=e he address$ ! p outside4 ,mr4 ,,wellwood ,,hyslop rem>k$1 t ,v]e & o!r ri* sug> p>i%es might be able to pay high rates ( wages1 because ! l& yield$ pr(itable crops1 b 9 ?is di/rict x 0 impossible to foll[ ! example ( ^? p>i%es4 ,he ?\ght t two bits a day might d v well1 b t 0 z mu* z c\ld be af=d$4 ,8 ,,excell5cy said t 9 ,man*e/]1 :]e he believ$ he _h m enemies ?an 9 any o!r p>i%1 he _h advis$ !m to "w by ! piece1 & x _h be5 f\nd to answ] well4 ,mr4 ,,h9ton ,,ea/ said t he w\ld submit a measure :i* he ?\ght w\ld be approv$ (4 ,he propos$ t ! p %\ld be paid #es4 = f\r days' labor2 t if !y clean$ m ?an #acj trees p] day1 ei!r !mselves or by br++ out _! wives & *ildr51 !y %\ld be paid extra wages 9 ! same proportion4 ,mr4 ,,&rew ,,simpson said t he c\ld n af=d to pay ! rates nam$ by 8 ,excell5cy4 ,x 0 entirely out ( ! "q2 t a good deal dep5d$ ^u ! /ate ! fields are 9--t 8 p1 = in/ance1 c\ld1 ) mu* ease1 if !y *ose1 clean #agj trees by half-pa/ ?ree o'clock4 ,mr4 ,,mason1 ( ,/4 ,george's1 said he 0 will+ to pay 8 p #as4 #h;d4 p] day1 if !y w\ld b "w2 b ! fact 0 t !y refus$ to d s1 on acc\nt ( ! /ories t _h be5 told !m by ,special ,ju/ice ,fi%b\rne2 will+ly too w\ld ,i h giv5 !m _! h\ses & gr\nds = ?ree mon?s1 free ( *>ge1 _h !y %[n a desire to labor2 b :at 0 ! lam5table fact8 ! p w\ld n "w1 because ,mr4 ,fi%b\rne _h influ5c$ !m n to d s1 & he 7,mr4 ,mason7 _h be5 a los] ( "o ?\s& p\nds 9 consequ5ce4 ,he _h be5 compell$ 9 self-def5ce to issue summonses aga9/ two ( 8 p4 ,he _h pur*as$ 8 prop]ty--x 0 8 all--he _h sacrific$ tw5ty ( ! be/ ye>s ( 8 life z a plant]1 he _h a wife & family to support1 & :at 0 ! prospect be=e him & !m8 ,he admitt$ hav+ s]v$ notices on 8 p to quit _! h\ses--9 tru? he did n n[ c>e :e!r !y 7 or 7 n locat$ on ! prop]ty--he 0 will+ to pay fair1 nay1 high wages1 b ! dem& 0 exorbitant4 ,he _h a s]vant1 a tru/wor?y :ite man1 :o lab\r$ f day-dawn to sunset = #bs4 #a;d4 p] day1 & he 0 q satisfi$4 ,all ! mis*ief 9 8 di/rict _h be5 ow+ to ! poison\s /ories p\r$ into ! e>s ( ! p by ,special ,ju/ice ,fi%b\rne4 ,if he 7 remov$1 ! p>i% might probably assume a heal?y /ate2 if all[$ to rema91 no improvem5t c\ld possibly take place4 ,8 ,,excell5cy said t ! ,assembly _h pass$ a law prev5t+ ! special magi/rates f go+ on ! e/ates2 !y c\ld n1 h[ev]1 prev5t ! p f go+ to !m1 & tak+ _! advice if !y wi%$ x4 ,he _h und]/ood t ! p _h gone to ! special magi/rates1 in=m+ !m t ! plant]s dem&$ #cs4 #d;d4 p] week r5t = ! h\ses & gr\nds1 & t !y _h be5 advis$1 if su* 7 ! case1 t !y ought to be paid high] wages4 ,he und]/ood t to be a fact4 ,mr4 ,,&rew ,,simpson said t ! p w\ld1 he _h no d\bt1 h work$1 b = ! p]nici\s advice ( ,mr4 ,fi%b\rne4 ,he _h he>d t ! p _h be5 told t ! ,gov]nor did n wi% !m to "w1 & t he w\ld be vex$ ) !m if !y did4 ,sir ,,lionel repli$ t he 0 aw>e t :ite m5 7 go+ ab\t ! c\ntry disguis$ z policem51 pret5d+ to h 8 7,sir ,lionel's7 au?ority1 tell+ ! p n to "w4 ,he knew well _! int5tion & design1 he und]/ood ! trick4 ,y are anxi\s 7said 8 ,excell5cy7 to produce a panic1 to r$uce ! value ( prop]ty1 to create dismay1 9 ord] t y may speculate1 by r$uc+ ! pres5t value ( prop]ty2 b y w be disappo9t$1 not)/&+ a press s5ds =? daily abuse aga9/ me1 & black-gu>d & contemptible rem>ks aga9/ my acts4 ,i assure y ,i am up to y\r tricks4 ,mr4 ,,&rew ,,simpson w\ld be glad if 8 ,excell5cy w\ld speak individually4 ,!re 0 a pap] call$ ! ,we/ ,indian1 & ano!r ! ,colonial ,freeman4 ,he wi%$ to "k :e!r 8 ,excell5cy meant ei!r ( ^? pap]s4 ,"s slight int]ruption "h took place1 sev]al g5tlem5 speak+ at ! same "t4 ,8 ,,excell5cy said he _h n come to discuss politics1 b to endeav\r to get ! p to "w1 & x w\ld be well = !m to turn _! att5tion to t subject4 ,mr4 ,,simpson said he _h a gang :o _h jobb$ by ! acre1 & _h done well1 b x 0 un=tunate 9 o!r respects to obs]ve ! dis9cl9ation %[n by ! labor]s to "w4 ,he wi%$ !m to "k t !y mu/ "w1 & tru/$ t 8 ,excell5cy w\ld endeav\r to =ce !m to labor4 ,sir ,,lionel--,i c't compel !m to d z y w\ld wi%1 nor h ,i ! p[] ( =c+ !m to labor4 ,! p w n suff] !mselves to be driv5 by means ( ! c>t-:ip4 ,x is ! policy ( e man to make ! be/ b>ga9 he c4 ,i c say no?+ to ! p ab\t h\ses & gr\nds1 & price ( wages4 ,i c only ask !m to "w4 ,mr4 ,,wiles said t ! plant]s 7 anxi\s to come to amicable arrangem5ts ) ! p1 b !y 7 unreasonable 9 _! dem&s4 ,! plant]s c\ld n cons5t to be injur$--!y mu/ pr(it by _! prop]ties4 ,mr4 ,,mason said1 t ! only bone ( cont5tion 0 ! subject ( r5t4 ,8 p 7 outside wait+ to be satisfi$ on t head4 ,he hesitat$ n to say1 t ! proprietors 7 entitl$ to r5t 9 e in/ance :]e ! labor] 0 unwill+ to labor1 & unless t subject 0 at once settl$1 x w\ld involve bo? p>ties 9 endless disagreem5t4 ,he 0 n "o ( ^? p]sons allud$ to by 8 ,excell5cy1 :o circulat$ misrepres5tations = private b5efit1 nor 0 he aw>e t any "o 9 ! p>i% 9 :i* he liv$ _h done s4 ,all t he desir$ 0 ! good ( ! c\ntry1 ) :i* 8 int]e/s 7 id5tifi$4 ,sir ,,lionel--,i c\ld n possibly be p]sonal t[>ds any g5tleman pres5t1 = ,i h n ! hon\r ( kn[+ mo/ ( y4 ,my obs]vations 7 n conf9$ to any p>ticul> p>i%1 b to ! ,isl& ( ,jamaica1 9 :i* ! occurr5ces nam$ h tak5 place4 ,dr4 ,,rapky1 ( ,/4 ,george's--,if y\r ,excell5cy w only d away ) a curta9 magi/rate1 ?+s w g on smoo?ly 9 ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,george4 ,?is g5tleman has told ! p t !y are entitl$ to ! l&s occupi$ by !m1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! p>i% is n[ 9 an unsettl$ /ate4 ,sir ,,lionel--,:o is ! magi/rate6 ,dr4 ,,rapky--,mr4 ,fi%b\rne4 ,sir ,,lionel--,i am afraid ,i _c please y4 ,! "q ( possession ( l&s & h\ses has = ! pres5t be5 settl$ by ! op9ion ( ! ,attorney-,g5]al1 b x is /ill an undet]m9$ "q at law4 ,!re are _m p]sons 9 ! isl& :o are ( op9ion t ! legislature _h n s int5d$2 he 7,sir ,lionel7 0 at a loss to "k :at !y meant2 see+1 h[ev]1 "s memb]s ( ! assembly pres5t1 p]haps !y w\ld be dispos$ to give "s in=mation4 ,mr4 ,s4,j4 ,,dallas said1 t x 0 ! int5tion ( ! legislature t r5t %\ld be paid4 ,he ?\ght x fair t #as4 #h;d4 p] day %\ld be (f]$ ! p to "w five days 9 ! week1 !y return+ "o day's labor = ! h\ses & gr\nds4 ,mr4 ,,special ,,ju/ice ,,hamilton said t compla9ts _h be5 made to him1 t 9 _m in/ances :]e ! husb& & wife liv$ 9 ! same h\se1 r5t _h be5 dem&$ ( bo?4 ,! labor]s _h1 9 consequ5ce1 be5 ?r[n into a /ate ( con/]nation & al>m1 :i* acc\nt$ = ! unsettl$ /ate ( sev]al prop]ties--a s]i\s bone ( cont5tion _h 9 consequ5ce be5 produc$4 ,he held a notice 9 8 h& dem&+ ( a labor] ! enorm\s sum ( #ajs4 p] week = h\se & gr\nd4 ,he _h se5 o!r notices 9 :i* #fs1 #h;d4 & #es4 _h be5 dem&$ = ! same4 ,he did n consid] t ! p>ties issu+ ^? notices _h act$ ) prud5ce4 ,mr4 ,,hyslop expla9$--,he admitt$ ! *>ge1 b said t ! sum 0 nev] int5d$ to be exact$4 ,sir ,,lionel said he 0 aw>e ( :at 0 go+ on2 he _h he>d ( x4 ,x 0 a policy :i* ought no long] to be pursu$4 ,we h giv5 ! =ego+ docum5ts1 full & ung>bl$1 t our read]s might fairly judge = !mselves4 ,we h n pick$ "h a s5t5ce & !re a s5t5ce1 b let ! ,gov]nor1 ! ,assembly1 ! ,mission>ies1 & ! press tell _! :ole /ory4 ,let !m be read1 comp>$1 & weigh$4 ,we might indef9itely prolong our extracts f ! ,we/ ,india pap]s to %[1 n only 9 reg>d to ! important isl& ( ,jamaica1 b ,b>bados & sev]al o!r colonies1 t ! =m] ma/]s are alone guilty ( ! non-work+ ( ! emancipat$1 s f> z !y refuse to "w4 ,b we ?9k we h already produc$ pro( en\gh to e/abli% ! foll[+ po9ts3-- #a4 ,t !re 0 a /rong pr$isposition on ! "p ( ! ,jamaica plant]s to defraud _! lab\r]s ( _! wages4 ,!y hop$ t by yield+1 be=e !y 7 driv5 q to ! la/ extremity1 by ! tide ( public s5tim5t 9 ,engl&1 !y %\ld escape f all philan?ropic int]f]5ce & surveillance1 & be able to br+ ! faces ( _! unyok$ peasantry to ! gr9d/one ( inadequate wages4 #b4 ,t ! emancipat$ 7 n only peaceful 9 _! new fre$om1 b ready to grant an amne/y ( all po/ abuses1 & ent] *e]fully into ! employ ( _! =m] ma/]s = reasonable wages4 ,t 9 cases :]e disagreem5t has aris5 z to ! rate ( daily or weekly wages1 ! lab\r]s h be5 ready to engage 9 task "w1 to be paid by ! piece1 & h lab\r$ s effici5tly & pr(itably--prov+ a /rong disposition = indu/ry & ! acquisition ( prop]ty4 #c4 ,t 9 ! face ( ?is good disposition ( ! labor]s1 ! plant]s h1 9 _m cases1 refus$ to give adequate wages4 #d4 ,t 9 /ill m num]\s cases1 includ+ _m 9 :i* ! wages h be5 app>5tly lib]al1 enorm\s extortion has be5 practic$ ^u ! labor]1 9 ! =m ( r5t dem&$ = 8 hovel & provision pat*--#bj p] annum be+ dem&$ = a %anty n wor? half t money1 & r5t be+ frequ5tly dem&$ f e memb] ( a family m ?an %\ld h be5 tak5 f ! :ole4 #e4 ,t ! negroes are able to look out = _! own int]e/1 & h v di/9ct ideas ( _! own ab\t ! value ( money & ! wor? ( _! lab\r1 z well z ! be/ me?ods ( br++ _! employ]s to reasonable t]ms4 ,on ?is po9t we might h made a /ill /rong] case by quot+ f ! ,despat* & ,/&>d1 :i* ass]t num]\s in/ances 9 :i* ! lab\r]s h refus$ to "w = wages recomm5d$ to !m by ! ,gov]nor1 ,special ,magi/rates1 or ,mission>ies1 ?\gh !y (f]$ to "w = #cs4 #d;d41 #es41 or a doll> a day4 ,!y are %[n to be r>e b>ga9-mak]s & n easily trapp$4 #f4 ,t ! attorneys & manag]s h delib]ately endeav\r$ to raise a panic1 :]eby prop]ty might be depreciat$ to _! own advantage2 %[+ cle>ly !reby1 t !y consid] ,jamaica prop]ty1 ev5 ) ! labor]s1 irreclaimably free1 a desirable inve/m5t4 #g4 ,t 9 spite ( all _! ef=ts1 ! great body ( ! labor]s cont9ue indu/ri\s1 do+ m "w 9 ! same "t ?an 9 slav]y4 ,! te/imony to 8 v important po9t1 ( ! ,gov]nor & ,h\se ( ,assembly1 is p]fectly conclusive1 z we h already said4 ,a h\se t repres5ts ! v m5 :o1 9 #ahcb1 burnt ! mission>y *apels1 & defi$ ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t ) ! ?reat1 t 9 case x proce$$ to legislate ,abolition1 ,jamaica w\ld atta* h]self to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 n[ ,,hopes = ! agricultural prosp]ity ( ! isl&6 ,inde$ no "o 9 ,jamaica expresses a d\bt on ?is subject1 :o does n obvi\sly d s = ! sake ( buy+ l& to bett] advantage6 ,7 ! colony a %ade worse (f ?an be=e ,emancipation1 ei!r 9 fact or 9 ! op9ion ( its l&hold]s1 or ( any consid]able portion ( p]sons acqua9t$ ) x1 ! inevitable consequ5ce w\ld be a depreciation ( real e/ate4 ,b :at is ! fact8 said ,rev4 ,john ,cl>k1 a ,jamaica ,bapti/ ,mission>y1 :o has visit$ ?is c\ntry s9ce ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 9 a lett] publi%$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,comm]ce3-- ,! ,isl& ( ,jamaica is n 9 ! deplorable /ate set =? by y\r correspond5t4--,l& is ris+ 9 value s rapidly1 t :at 0 b\ght five ye>s ago at #c doll>s p] acre1 is n[ sell+ = #ae doll>s2 & ?is 9 ! int]ior ( ! ,isl&1 9 a p>i% n reckon$ ! mo/ heal?y1 & sixte5 miles di/ant f ! ne>e/ t[n4 ,crops are bett] ?an 9 ! days ( slav]y--extra lab\r is easily obta9$ :]e k9dness & ju/ice are ex]cis$ t[>ds ! p4 ,! hopes ( proprietors are great1 & l>g] sums are be+ (f]$ = e/ates ?an 7 (f]$ previ\s to ,augu/1 #ahcd1 :5 e/ates1 & negroes ^u !m1 7 dispos$ ( toge!r4 ,aga91 z 9 ,jamaica comm]ce re/s :olly ^u agriculture1 its in/itutions c only fl\ri% 9 a fl\ri%+ condition ( ! latt]4--,:at !n are we to inf] f an impos+ prospectus :i* appe>s 9 ! isl& pap]s1 comm5c+ ?us3-- ,k+/on1 ,octob] #bf1 #ahch ,jamaica ,m>9e1 ,fire1 & ,life ,assurance ,company4 ,capital #ajj1jjj1 ,9 #ejjj %>es ( #bj ea*4 ,x has be5 long a matt] ( a/oni%m5t t1 9 a community s ess5tially m]cantile z ,jamaica1 no ,company %\ld h be5 =m$ = ! purpose ( effect+ ,insurance on ,life & ,prop]ty2 al?\gh x _c be d\bt$ = an in/ant1 t n only w\ld su* an e/abli%m5t be highly useful to all classes ( ! community1 b t x mu/ yield a h&some return to su* p]sons z may be incl9$ to inve/ _! money 9 x1 c4 ,f>!r d[n 9 ! prospectus we are told--,x may "h be /at$1 t ! s*eme = ! =mation ( ?is ,company has be5 m5tion$ to "s ( ! pr9cipal ,m]*ants & ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,c\ntry1 & has met ) decid$ly fav\rable notice3 & x is expect$ t ! %>es1 a l>ge numb] ( :i* h be5 already tak51 w be rapidly dispos$ (4 ,! same pap]1 ! ,morn+ ,j\rnal1 f :i* we make ?is extract1 in=ms u3 ,nov4 #b;d-- ,! %>es subscrib$ = ye/]day1 9 ! ,m>9e ,fire & ,life ,insurance ,company1 we und]/&1 am\nt to ! almo/ unprec$5t$ numb] ( ,"o ,?\s& ,six ,hundr$1 ) a numb] ( applicants ^: names h n be5 add$ to ! li/4 ,! ,morn+ ,j\rnal ( ,octob] #bj? 9 rem>k+ ^u ?is project says3-- ,jamaica is n[ happily a free c\ntry2 %e conta9s )9 h]self ! means ( becom+ prosp]\s4 ,let h] sons develope ^? res\rces :i* ,"l ,belmore ) s mu* tru? decl>$ nev] w\ld be develop$ until slav]y _h ceas$4 ,%e has h] ,banks4--,give h]1 9 addition1 h] ,loan ,society1 h] ,m>9e1 ,fire1 & life ,assurance ,company1 & "s o!rs t w %ortly be propos$1 & capital w fl[ 9 f o!r c\ntries--prop]ty w acquire a value 9 ! m>ket1 t w increase ) ! increase ( weal?1 & %e w yet be a fl\ri%+ isl&1 & h] inhabitants a happy & cont5t$ p4 ,n[ m5 desp]ately 9 debt might invite 9 =eign capital = tempor>y relief1 b1 s9ce ! comp5sation1 ?is is und]/ood n to be ! case ) ! ,jamaica plant]s2 & if !y are ru%+ into speculation1 x mu/ be because !y h /rong hope ( ! safety & prosp]ity ( _! c\ntry--9 o!r words1 because !y confide 9 ! sy/em ( free labor4 ,?is "o prospectus1 c\pl$ ) its prompt success1 is suffici5t to prove ! falsehood ( all ! /ories s indu/ri\sly retail$ among u f ! ,/&>d & ! ,despat*4 ,b speculators & l>ge capitali/s are n ! only m5 :o confide 9 ! success ( ! great exp]im5t4 ,! foll[+ editorial notice 9 ! ,morn+ ,j\rnal ( a rec5t date speaks volumes3-- ,,sav+s ,,bank4 ,we 7 ask$ n _m days ago h[ ! ,sav+s ,bank 9 ?is ,city 0 gett+ on4 ,we answ]$ well1 v well inde$4 ,by a notification publi%$ 9 our pap] ( ,saturday1 x w be se5 t #afjj has be5 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,receiv]-,g5]al4 ,by ! e/abli%m5t ( ^! ,banks1 a great deal ( ! money n[ lock$ up1 & :i* yields no return :atev] to ! possessors1 & is liable to be /ol51 w be br\ght into circulation4 ,?is circum/ance ( itself ought to op]ate z a p[]ful inducem5t to ^? p>i%es 9 :i* no ,banks are yet e/abli%$ to be up & do+4 ,we h got "s five or six ( !m fairly und]weigh1 z ,jack w\ld say1 & hope ! rema9d] w spe$ily trip _! an*ors & foll[4 ,we believe banks 7 n kn[n 9 ! ,we/ ,indies be=e ! #a/ ( ,augu/ #ahcd4 ,says ! ,spani%t[n ,telegraph ( ,may #a/1 #ahcg1 ,banks1 ,/eam-,companies1 ,rail-,roads1 ,*>ity ,s*ools1 etc41 seem all to h rema9$ dormant until ! "t arriv$ :5 ,jamaica 0 to be envelop$ 9 smoke6 ,no man ?\ght ( haz>d+ 8 capital 9 an ext5sive bank+ e/abli%m5t until ,jamaica's ru91 by ! introduction ( fre$om1 _h be5 accompli%$6 ,& x 0 n till aft] ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahch1 t ,jamaica _h ei!r sav+s banks or sav+s4 ,^! in/itutions = ! indu/ri\s classes came only ) _! manhood4 ,b :y came !y at all1 if ,emancipat$ indu/ry is1 or is likely to be1 unsuccessful8--,9 ,b>bados we notice ! same =w>dness 9 f\nd+ moni$ in/itutions4 ,a ,bank is !re propos$1 ) a capital ( #bjj1jjj4 ,m ?an ?is1 ! all absorb+ subject 9 all ! ,we/ ,india pap]s at ! pres5t mom5t is t ( ! curr5cy4 ,:y su* anxiety to provide ! means ( pay+ = labor :i* is to become valueless8 ,:y su* ke5ness = a good circulat+ m$ium if !y are to h no?+ to sell8 ,! compla9ts ab\t ! old fa%ion$ co9age we v5ture to assort h s9ce ! fir/ ( ,augu/ occupi$ five times z mu* space 9 ! colonial pap]s1 we might probably say 9 ea* & e "o ( !m1 z ^? ( ! non-work+ ( ! freem54 ,! inf]5ce is irresi/ible4 ,! :ite coloni/s take x = grant$ t indu/ry is to ?rive4 ,x may be prop] to rem>k t ! late refusal ( ! ,jamaica legislature to fulfil its appropriate functions has no connection ) ! work+ ( fre$om1 any fur!r ?an x may h be5 a /ruggle to get rid 9 "s measure ( ! surveillance ( ! "m c\ntry 9 ord] to co]ce ! lab\r] s f> z possible by vagrant laws1 c4 ,! imm$iate pretext 0 ! pass+ ( a law by ! imp]ial ,p>liam5t = ! regulation ( prisons1 :i* ! ,h\se ( ,assembly decl>$ a violation ( t pr9ciple ( _! *>t] :i* =bids ! "m-c\ntry to lay a tax on !m )\t _! cons5t1 9 z mu* z x au?oriz$ a cr[n (fic] to impose a f9e1 9 a c]ta9 case1 ( #bj4 ,a l>ge majority consid]$ ?is an infr+em5t ( _! pr]ogatives1 & among !m 7 "s memb]s :o h nobly /ood up = ! slave 9 times ( dang]4 ,! rem>ks ( ,mr4 ,osborn especially1 on ?is subject1 7he is ! full blood$1 slave-born1 ,african man to :om we h already ref]r$7 are wor?y ( consid]ation 9 sev]al po9ts ( view4 ,al?\gh he _h always be5 a /aun* advocate ( ! home gov]nm5t on ! floor ( ! ,assembly are n[ cont5d$ = ! rights ( ! ,jamaica legislature ) argum5ts :i* to u republicans are c]ta9ly q =cible4 ,9 a spee* ( "s l5g?1 :i* appe>s v cr$itable to him ?r\gh\t1 he said-- ,gov]nm5t c\ld n be act+ fair t[>ds !m to assume t ! mass ( ! p ( ?is isl& w\ld rema9 9 ! /ate ( political indiff]5ce to :i* pov]ty & slav]y _h r$uc$ !m4 ,!y 7 n[ free1 e man to rise z rapidly z he c\ld2 & ! day 0 n v di/ant :5 x w\ld be demon/rat$ by ! *ange ( repres5tatives t w\ld be se5 9 t h\se4 ,x did appe> to him1 t "u ! pretext ( ext5d+ ! privileges ( freem5 to ! mass ( ! p ( ?is c\ntry1 ! gov]nm5t 0 ab\t to deprive !m ( ^? privileges1 by curtail+ ! p[] ( ! repres5tative ,assembly ( ^? v p4 ,he c\ld n br+ himself to admit1 ) any reg>d = tru?1 t ! late appr5tices c\ld n[ be oppress$2 !y 7 q alive to _! own int]e/s1 & 7 n[ capable ( tak+ c>e ( !mselves4 ,s long z labor 0 m>ketable1 s long !y c\ld resi/ oppression1 :ile on ! o!r h&1 ! proprietor1 = 8 own int]e/'s sake1 w\ld be compell$ to deal fairly ) !m4 ,?\gh x is evid5tly all important t ! same public op9ion :i* has wre/$ ! :ip f ! ma/] %\ld cont9ue to wat* 8 proce$+s z an employ] ( freem51 !re is mu* tru? 9 ! spee* ( ?is black repres5tative & ald]man ( ,k+/on4 ,! brutaliz$ & reckless attorneys & manag]s1 may possibly succe$ 9 driv+ ! negroes f ! e/ates by exorbitant r5t & l[ wages4 ,!y may succe$ 9 _! ef=t to buy 9 prop]ty at half its value4 ,b :5 !y h effect$ t1 !y w be totally dep5d5t = ! pr(its ( _! ill-gott5 ga9s ^u ! free labor+ p4 ,!y may produce :at !y call idl5ess n[1 & a great deal ( vexation & suff]+4 ,b l& is pl5ty1 & ! labor]s1 if ?ru/ f ! e/ates1 w take x up1 & become /ill m indep5d5t4 ,reasonable wages !y w be able to comm&1 & = su* !y are will+ to labor4 ,! few ?\s& :ites ( ,jamaica w nev] be able to e/abli% slav]y1 or any ?+ l x1 ov] its #cjj1jjj blacks4 ,already !y are fa9 to swall[ _! prejudice aga9/ color4 ,mr4 ,jordon1 memb] = ,k+/on & free nigg]1 0 li/5$ to ) respect4 ,nay m1 8 argum5t 0 copi$ into ! ,prote/ :i* ! legislature pr\dly flung back 9 ! face ( ,p>liam5t1 along ) ! abolition ( ! appr5tice%ip1 9 return = ,"l ,gl5elg's ,bill4 ,let all 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates read & pond] x :o ass]t t ! two races _c live toge!r on t]m ( equality4 ,legislative indep5d5ce ( ,jamaica has ev] be5 ! pride ( h] ,engli% conqu]ors4 ,!y h receiv$ ) joy ! color$ fell[ coloni/s into an equal p>ticipation ( _! valu$ lib]ty1 & !y 7 prep>$ to rejoice at ! ext5sion ( ! con/itution to ! emancipat$ blacks4 ,b ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 by a great fault1 if n a crime1 has1 at ! mom5t :5 all %\ld h be5 free1 torn f ! lately asc5dant class1 ! privileges :i* 7 _! bir?right1 ano!r class1 n[ ! equals ( ! =m]1 ! rights !y _h long & =tunately /ruggl$ =1 & f ! emancipat$ blacks ! rights :i* !y fondly expect$ to enjoy ) _! p]sonal fre$om4 ,! boon ( e>li] fre$om w n comp5sate ?is mo/ num]\s "p ( our population = ! inju/ice & wrong done to ! :ole ,jamaica p4 ,! docum5ts already adduc$ are conf9$ almo/ exclusively to ,jamaica4 ,we w ref] briefly to "o ( ! o!r colonies4 ,! next 9 importance is ,,b>bados ,"h has be5 play$ ne>ly ! same game 9 reg>d to wages1 & ) ! same results4 ,we are n[ furni%$ ) advices f ! isl& d[n to ! #ai? ( ,decemb] #ahch4 ,at ! latt] date ! panic mak+ pap]s _h tap]$ d[n _! compla9+s to a v fa9t :isp]1 & )al express+ m hope ?an fe>s4 ,z ! fruit ( :at !y _h already done we are told by "o ( !m1 ! ,b>badian1 t ! unfav\rable news c>ri$ home by ! packets aft] ! emancipation _h s]v$ to raise ! price ( sug> 9 ,engl&1 :i* object be+ accompli%$1 x is hop$ t !y w int]mit ! manufacture ( su* news4 ,! fir/ & mo/ important docum5t1 & inde$ ( itself suffici5t to save ! tr\ble ( giv+ m1 is ! comp>ison ( crime dur+ two & a half mon?s ( fre$om1 & ! correspond+ two & a half mon?s ( slav]y or appr5tice%ip la/ ye>1 submitt$ to ! legislature at ! op5+ ( its session 9 ! latt] "p ( ,octob]4 ,"h x is4 ,we hope x w be held up be=e e slave hold]4 ,f ! ,b>badian ( ,dec4 #a4 ,b>bados4--,comp>ative ,table1 exhibit+ ! numb] ( ,compla9ts pref]r$ aga9/ ! ,appr5tice population ( ?is ,colony1 9 ! mon?s ( ,augu/1 ,septemb] & to ! #ae? ( ,octob]1 #ahch2 toge!r ) ! ,compla9ts *>g$ aga9/ ,free ,lab\r]s ( ! same ,colony1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,augu/1 ,septemb] & to ! #ae? ( ,octob]1 #ahch4 ,! =m] compil$ f ! ,mon?ly ,j\rnals ( ! ,special ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace & ! latt] f ! ,returns ( ! ,local ,magi/racy transmitt$ to 8 excell5cy ! ,gov]nor ,,appr5tice%ip4 ,total ( ,compla9ts vs4 ,appr5tices f ! #a/ to #ca/ ,augu/ #ahcg4 #agjh ,ditto f ! #a/ to #cj? ,septemb] #adfd ,ditto f ! #a/ to #ae? ,octob] #egd ,gr& ,total #cgdf ,total numb] ( ,appr5tices puni%$ f ! #a/ to #ca/ ,augu/ #afjh ,ditto f #a/ to #ca/ ,septemb] #acba ,ditto f ! #a/ to #ae? ,octob] #efa ,gr& ,total #cdij ,total compromis$1 admoni%$ & dismiss$ f #a/ to #ca/ ,augu/ #aje ,ditto f ! #a/ to #cj? ,septemb] #aac ,ditto f #a/ to #ae? ,octob] #ch ,total #bef ,defici5cy 9 compromis$ cases 9 #ahcg comp>atively ) ^? ( #ahch #aeh ,gr& ,total #dad ,,fre$om4 ,total ( ,compla9ts vs4 ,lab\r]s f ! #a/ to ! #ca/ ,augu/ #ahch #ehb ,ditto f ! #a/ to ! #cj? ,septemb] #chf ,ditto f ! #a/ to ! #ae? ,octob] #ajc ,total #ajga ,comp>ative ,surplus ( ,compla9ts 9 #ahch #bfge ,gr& ,total #cgdf ,total ( ,labor]s puni%$ f ! #a/ to ! #ca/ ,augu/1 #ahch1 #ccd ,ditto f ! #a/ to #cj? ,septemb] #bgj ,ditto f ! #a/ to #ae? ,octob] #ec ,total #feg ,comp>ative surplus ( puni%m5t 9 #ahcg #bhcc ,gr& total #cdij ,total compromis$1 admoni%$ & dismiss$ f ! #a/ to ! #ca/ ,augu/ #bdh ,ditto f ! #a/ to #cj? ,septemb] #aaf ,ditto f ! #a/ to #ae? ,octob] #ej ,gr& ,total #dad ,,note4 ,x may be prop] to rem>k t ! accompany+ ,g5]al ,ab/ract = ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 & to ! #ae? ,octob]1 #ahcg1 does n include compla9ts pref]r$ & he>d be=e ! ,local ,magi/rates dur+ ^? mon?s = su* (f5ces--viz4 = misdemeanors1 petty debts1 assaults & petty !fts--z 7 n cognizable by ! ,special ,ju/ices2 s t e/imat+ ^! (f5ces--! numb] ( :i* does n appe> 9 ! ,ab/ract = #ahcg--;at a simil> numb] z t enum]at$ 9 ! ,ab/ract = #ahch1 ! actual relative diff]5ce ( puni%m5ts betwe5 ! two & a half mon?s 9 #ahcg & ^! 9 #ahch1 w\ld ?us appe>3 ,surplus ( ,appr5tices puni%$ 9 #ahcg1 z above #bhcc ,(f5ces 9 ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 & to ! #ae?1 ,octob]1 #ahcg he>d be=e ! ,g5]al ,ju/ices ( ! ,peace1 & e/imat$ z foll[s3 ,petty !fts #ge ,assaults #adc ,misdemeanors #ih ,petty ,debts #ai--hce ,actual surplus ( puni%m5t 9 #ahcg1 #cafh ,f ! ,j\rnal ( ,comm]ce4 ,lett] f ,w4,r4 ,hays1 ,esq4 ,b>bados1 ,w4,i4 to ,rev4 ,h4,g4 ,ludl[1 ( ,new ,hav54 ,,b>bados1 ,dec4 #bf1 #ahch4 ,i gave y 9 my la/1 "s acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! fir/ day ( emancipation came & w5t 9 ?is isl&4 ,we v soon aft]w>ds receiv$ simil> acc\nts f all ! neighbor+ isl&s4 ,9 all ( !m ! day 0 celebrat$ z an occasion ( dev\t ?anksgiv+ & praise to ,god1 = ! happy t]m9ation ( slav]y4 ,9 all ( !m1 ! *ange took place 9 a mann] highly cr$itable to ! emancipat$1 & int5sely gratify+ to ! fri5ds ( lib]ty4 ,! quiet1 good ord]1 & solemnity ( ! day1 7 e :]e rem>kable4 ,inde$1 is x n a fact wor? rememb]+1 t :]eas 9 =m] ye>s1 a s+le day's relaxation f labor 0 met by ! slaves ) %\t+ & revelry1 & m]ry-mak+1 yet n[1 :5 ! la/ l9k ( slav]y 0 brok5 =ev]1 sobriety & decorum 7 especially ! ord] ( ! day4 ,! p]fect ord] & subord9ation to ! laws1 :i* m>k$ ! fir/ day ( ,augu/1 are yet unbrok54 ,we h n[ ne>ly five mon?s' exp]i5ce ( entire emancipation2 & ,i v5ture to say1 t a p]iod ( m pr(\nd peace nev] exi/$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,!re h be5 disputes ab\t wages1 z 9 ,new ,engl& & 9 o!r free c\ntries2 b no conc]t1 no comb9ation ev51 "h2 & ! only attempt at a comb9ation 0 among ! plant]s1 to keep d[n wages--& t b = a %ort "t only4 ,i w n ent] p>ticul>ly into ! que/ions1 :e!r or n ! p w cont9ue to "w = wages1 :e!r !y w rema9 quiet1--or on ! o!r h&1 :e!r ! ,isl& w be suff]$ to become desolate1 & ! fre$ slaves relapse into b>b>ism1 c4 ,^! ?+s h be5 speculat$ ab\t1 & gloomy pr$ictions h _h _! day2 ! "t has n[ come = ! pro(4 ,p d n buy l& & h\ses1 & r5t prop]ty = long t]ms ( ye>s1 9 c\ntries :]e life is insecure1 or :]e labor _c be _h1 & ! t5d5cy ( ?+s is to ru9 & decay4 ,9 %ort1 m51 9 _! s5ses1 d n emb>k on bo>d a s9k+ %ip4 ,confid5ce is ! v s\l ( prosp]ity2 ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is confid5ce 9 ?is ,isl&1 ! imm5se op]ations 9 real e/ate1 s9ce ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 are abundant pro(4 ,!re are multitudes ( in/ances 9 :i* e/ates h sold = #bj1jjj m ?an 0 ask$ = !m six mon?s ago2 & yet at ! "t !y 7 consid]$ v high4 ,a proprietor :o 0 p]suad$ a few weeks s9ce to "p ) 8 e/ate = a v l>ge sum ( money1 w5t & b\ght x back aga9 at an advance ( #ifjj4 ,a great _m long leases ( prop]ty h be5 ent]$ into4 ,an e/ate call$ ,edgecombe1 m5tion$ by ,?ome & ,kimball1 has be5 r5t$ = #ba ye>s at #gejj p] annum4 ,ano!r call$ ! hope has be5 r5t$ = #aj ye>s at #bjjj /]l+1 equal to #ifjj p] annum4 ,ano!r1 aft] be+ r5t$ at a high price1 0 relet1 by ! lessee1 :o became entirely absolv$ f ! contract1 & took #af1jjj = 8 b>ga94 ,if requir$1 ,i c\ld give y a ho/ ( simil> cases1 ) ! names ( ! p>ties4 ,b x seems unnecess>y4 ,! m]e impulse giv5 to ! value ( prop]ty 9 ?is isl& by emancipation1 is a ?+ z notori\s "h1 z ! fact ( emancipation4 ,b1 are n crimes m frequ5t ?an be=e8 ,i h n[ be=e me a ,b>bados newspap]1 pr9t$ two weeks s9ce1 9 :i* ! fact is /at$1 t 9 all ! c\nty prisons1 among a population ( #hj1jjj1 only two prison]s 7 conf9$ = any cause :atev]6 ,b1 says a believ] 9 ! necessity ( ,colonization1 h[ w y get rid ( ! negroes8 ,i answ] by adv]t+ to ! spectacle :i* is n[ witness$ 9 all ! ,isl&s ( ! =m] proprietors ( slaves1 n[ employ]s ( free labor]s1 us+ e endeavor to prev5t emigration4 ,tr9idad1 ,dem]>a1 & ,b]bice1 want labor]s4 ,! =m] has pass$ a law to pay ! passage money ( any labor] :o comes to ! ,isl&1 leav+ him free to *oose him employm5t4 ,dem]>a & ,b]bize h s5t ,emigration ag5ts to ?is & o!r isl&s1 to induce ! labor]s to jo9 ^? colonies1 (f]+ high wages1 good treatm5t1 c4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,b>bados1 ,gr5ada1 ,/4 ,v9c5t1 & all ! old & popul\s isl&s1 individually & collectively1 by legislative resolves1 legal enactm5ts1 c4 c4--l\dly prote/ t !y h n a man to sp>e6 ,:at is /ill bett]1 ! old isl& proprietors are on e h& build+ new h\ses = ! peasantry1 & ) great =e?\ght add+ to _! com=t2 kn[+ t !y w !reby secure _! cont5tm5t on _! native soil4 ,z a pleas+ in/ance ( ! good und]/&+ :i* n[ exi/s betwe5 proprietors & labor]s1 ,i w m5tion1 t great numb]s ( ! =m] 7 9 t[n on ! #bd?1 buy+ up pork1 hams1 rice1 c4 z pres5ts = _! p on ! ensu+ ,*ri/mas2 a day :i* has ?is ye> pass$ by amid sc5es ( quiet ,sabba? devotions1 a /rik+ contra/ to ! tumult & drunk5ness ( =m] times4 ,i _c close ?is subject1 )\t beat+ my te/imony to ! correctness ( ! /atem5ts made by our c\ntrym51 ,?ome & ,kimball4 ,!y 7 highly e/eem$ "h by all classes1 & _h free access to e s\rce ( valuable in=mation4 ,if !y h n done ju/ice to ! subject ( _! book1 x is because ! manifold bless+s ( a deliv]ance f slav]y are beyond ! p[]s ( language to repres5t4 ,:5 ,i attempt1 z ,i h done 9 ?is lett]1 to enum]ate a few ( !1 ,i "k n :]e to beg91 or :]e to end4 ,"o mu/ see1 9 ord] to "k & feel h[ unspeakable a boon ^! isl&s h receiv$1--a boon1 :i* is by no means conf9$ to ! emancipat$ slaves2 b1 l ! dew & ra9s ( heav51 x fell ^u all ! inhabitants ( ! l&1 bond & free1 ri* & poor1 toge!r4 ,x is a common ?+ "h1 :5 y he> "o speak ( ! b5efits ( emancipation--! rem>k--t x ought to h tak5 place long ago4 ,"s say fifty ye>s ago1 "s tw5ty1 & "s1 t at any rate x ought to h tak5 place all at once1 )\t any appr5tice%ip4 ,! noon-day sun is n cle>] ?an ! fact1 t no prep>ation 0 requir$ on ! "p ( ! slaves4 ,x 0 ! dictate ( an accus+ consci5ce1 t =etold ( blood%$1 & burn+1 & deva/ation4 ,c x be suppos$ to be an accid5tal circum/ance1 t peace & good-w h uni=mly1 9 all ! colonies1 foll[$ ! /eps ( emancipation4 ,is x n r ! broad seal ( atte/ation to t heav5 born pr9ciple1 ,x is safe to d "r4 ,de> bro!r1 if y or any o!r fri5d to d[n trodd5 humanity1 h any l+]+ fe> t ! blaze ( light :i* is n[ go+ =? f ! isl&s w ev] be qu5*$1 ev5 = a mom5t1 dismiss t fe>4 ,! light1 in/ead ( gr[+ dim1 w cont9ue to bright54 ,y\r pray]s = ! safe & happy introduction ( fre$om1 ^u a soil long trodd5 by ! foot ( slav]y1 may be turn$ into praises--= ! ev5t has come to pass4 ,:5 %all we be able to rejoice 9 su* a consummation 9 our belov$ ,am]ica8 ,h[ ,i long to see a deputation ( slavehold]s mak+ ! t\r ( ^! isl&s4 ,x w\ld only be necess>y = !m to use _! eyes & e>s4 ,argum5t w\ld be q out ( place4 ,ev5 an appeal to pr9ciple--to compassion--to ! fe> ( ,god--w\ld n be ne$$4 ,self-int]e/ alone w\ld decide !m 9 favor ( imm$iate emancipation4 ,ev] y\rs1 ,w4,r4 ,,hayes4 ,,dem]>a4 ,,spee* ,,( ,,! ,,gov]nor1 ,,on ,,op5+ ,,! ,,session ,,( ,,! ,,c\rt ,,( ,,policy1 ,,sept4 #ag1 #ahch4 ,f ! ,guiana ,royal ,gazette4 ,i %\ld fail 9 my duty to ! public1 & p]haps no respond to ! expectations ( y\rselves1 ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,colonial ,section ( ?is ,honorable ,c\rt1 did ,i n say a few words on ! /ate ( ! ,colony1 at ?is our fir/ meet+ aft] ! memorable fir/ ( ,augu/4 ,we are n[ approa*+ ! close ( ! second mon? s9ce t date--a suffici5t "t to enable u to judge ( ! good disposition ( ! new race ( ,freem51 b n p]haps ( ! prosp]ity ( ! ,colony4 ,x is a pr\d ?+ = ! ,coloni/--,proprietors & ,employ]s--t no?+ has occurr$ to indicate a want ( good feel+ 9 ! great body ( ! labor]s4 ,x is cr$itable to !m1 satisfactory to _! employ]s1 & conf\nd+ to ^? :o anticipat$ a contr>y /ate ( affairs4 ,t p>tial *anges ( location %\ld h tak5 place1 _c surprise any reasonable m9d--t m5 :o h all _! lives be5 subject to compulsory labor %\ld1 on hav+ ?is labor left to _! discretion1 be dispos$ at fir/ to relax1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 totally ab/a9 f x1 0 equally to be expect$4 ,b we h no reason to despond1 nor to imag9e t1 because su* has occurr$ 9 "s di/ricts1 x w cont9ue4 ,x is suffici5t t ! ignorant h be5 undeceiv$ 9 _! exagg]at$ notions ( _! rights z ,freem53 x 0 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds resumption ( labor 9 e "p ( ! ,colony4 ,! pati5t =be>ance ( ! ,employ]s has produc$ great *anges4 ,if "s ,e/ates h be5 disappo9t$ 9 ! am\nt ( labor p]=m$1 o!rs aga91 & ,i h reason to believe a great numb]1 are do+ well4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,peasantry h n tak5 to a w&]+ life3 !y are n lo/ to ! cultivat$ p>ts ( ! ,colony3 = ! reports hi!rto receiv$ f ! ,sup]9t5d5ts ( ,riv]s & ,creeks make no m5tion ( an augm5t$ population 9 ! di/ant p>ts ( _! respective di/ricts4 ,i he> ( few commitm5ts1 except 9 ?is t[n1 :]e1 ( c\rse1 _m ( ! idle h flock$ f ! c\ntry4 ,on ! ,ea/ ,coa/1 !re has be5 only "o case br\ght be=e ! ,high ,%]iff's ,c\rt s9ce ! #a/ ( ,augu/4 ,9 ! la/ ,circuit1 n "o6 ,) ^! facts be=e u1 we may1 ,i tru/1 anticipate ! cont9u$ prosp]ity ( ! ,colony2 & ?\gh x be possible !re may be a dim9ution 9 ! exports ( ! /aple commodities 9 ?is & ! succe$+ qu>t]1 yet we mu/ take into consid]ation t ! season _h be5 unfavorable1 9 "s di/ricts1 previ\s to ! #a/ ,augu/1 !re=e a l>g] proportion ( ! crops rema9$ uncut2 & we may ask1 :e!r a cont9uance ( compulsory labor w\ld h produc$ a m favorable result8 ,our unit$ ef=ts w1 ,i tru/1 n be want+ to base individual prosp]ity on ! welf>e ( all4 ,! ,gov]nor ( ,dem]>a is ,,h5ry ,,light1 ,esq41 a g5tlem5 :o seems /rongly incl9$ to c\rt ! old slav]y p>ty & det]m9$ to %ew 8 want ( aff9ity to ! abolitioni/s4 ,9 ano!r spee* deliv]$ on a simil> occasion1 he says3 ,_m ( ! new freem5 may /ill be said to be 9 _! infancy ( fre$om1 & l *ildr5 are wayw>d4 ,on _m ( ! e/ates !y h repaid ! k9dness & =be>ance ( _! ma/]s2 on o!rs !y h cont9u$ to take advantage ( 7:at8 ! k9dness & =be>ance ( _! ma/]s8 ,no47 _! new condition1 are idle or irregul> 9 _! "w4 ,! good s5se ( ! mass gives me reason to hope t idl5ess w be ! exception1 n ! rule4 ,! ,b>badian ( ,,nov4 #bh1 rem>ks1 t ( six di/ricts 9 ,dem]>a ^: condition _h be5 report$1 five 7 work+ favorably4 ,9 ! six? ! labor]s 7 /&+ out = high] wages4 ,,tr9idad4 ,9 ! ,jamaica ,morn+ ,j\rnal ( ,oct4 #b;d & #ae?1 we f9d ! foll[+ p>agraphs 9 relation to ?is colony3 ,tr9idad4--,! reports f ! v>i\s di/ricts z to ! conduct ( our labor+ population1 are z v>i\s & opposite1 ! ,/&>d says1 to ea* o!r z x is possible = !m to be4 ,!re are _m ( ! ,e/ates on :i* ! labor]s _h at fir/ gone on /eadily to "w :i* n[ h sc>cely a h& ^u !m1 :il/ ^u o!rs !y mu/] a great] =ce ?an !y c\ld be=e comm&4 ,we he> also t ! p h already 9 _m in/ances exhibit$ t prop5sity common to ! habits ( common life1 :i* we call squatt+1 & to :i* we h always look$ =w>d z "o ( ! evils likely to accompany _! emancipation1 & call+ = ! e>lie/ & mo/ s]i\s att5tion ( our ,legislature4 ,we mu/ confess1 h[ev]1 t x is a subject n easy to deal ) safely & effectually4 ,,tr9idad1--,! ,/&>d says3 ,! /ate ( ! cultivation at pres5t is said to be z f> advanc$ z c\ld h be5 anticipat$ "u ! new circum/ances 9 :i* ! ,isl& /&s4 ,! wea!r ?r\gh\t ! mon? has be5 m ?an usually favorable to we$+1 :il/ !re has also be5 suffici5t ra9 to br+ out ! plants2 & _m plant]s hav+1 be=e ! #a/ ( ,augus1 pu%$ on _! we$+ by free labor & 7paid7 extra tasks1 ! d]angem5t 9 _! cu/om>y labor :i* has be5 exp]i5c$ s9ce t p]iod1 does n leave !m mu* bel[ an av]age progress4 ,( ! labor]s1 al?\gh !y are f> f be+ settl$1 we believe we may say1 t !y are n work+ badly2 inde$1 comp>$ ) ^? ( ! si/] colonies1 !y are bo? m indu/ri\s & m dispos$ to be on good t]ms ) _! late ma/]s4 ,"s few e/ates cont9ue %ort ( _! usual complim5t ( h&s2 b _m ( ! labor]s :o _h left ! proprietors1 h return$ to !m1 :il/ _m o!rs h *ang$ _! locality ei!r to jo9 _! relations1 or to return to _! haunts ( =m] days4 ,s f> z we c le>n1 no?+ l insubord9ation or comb9ation exi/s4 ,we are also happy to say1 t on "s e/ates1 ! labor]s h turn$ _! att5tion to _! provision gr\nds4 ,!re is "o po9t1 h[ev]1 :i* few seem to compreh5d1 :i* is1 t al?\gh free1 !y _c "w "o day & be idle ! next1 ad libitum4 ,lat] acc\nts m5tion t "s ?\s&s m ( labor]s 7 want$ to take (f ! crop1 & t a committee ( immigration _h be5 appo9t$ to obta9 !m4 ,see ,amos ,t[ns5d's lett] on ! la/ page4 ,s x seems ! free labor]s are s good !y want m ( !m4 ,! same is notori\sly true ( ,dem]>a1 & ,b]bice4 ,in/ead ( a colonization _s to get rid ( ! free blacks1 ! qu>rel among ! colonies is1 :i* %all get ! mo/4 ,x is no wond] t ! poor negroes 9 ,tr9idad %\ld betake !mselves to squatt+4 ,! isl& is ?9ly peopl$ & ! adm9i/ration or ju/ice is horribly corrupt1 "u ! gov]nor%ip & judge%ip ( ,sir ,george ,hill1 ! well kn[n default] z ,vice ,treasur] ( ,irel&1 on ^: appo9tm5t ,mr4 ,o',connell rem>k$ t del9qu5ts might excuse !mselves by ref]r+ to ! case ( _! judge4 ,,gr5ada4 ,,gr5ada--,! ,gazette expresses its gratification at be+ able to record1 t ! acc\nts :i* h be5 receiv$ f sev]al p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 are ( a satisfactory nature4 ,on _m ( ! prop]ties ! peasantry h1 dur+ ! week1 ev9c$ a disposition to resume _! sev]al accu/om$ avocations1 at ! rates1 & on ! t]ms propos$ by ! directors ( ! respective e/ates1 to :i* !y 7 =m]ly belong+2 & v little desire to *ange _! resid5ce has be5 manife/$4 ,"o ( our correspond5ts writes1 t 'already1 by a conciliatory me?od1 & hold+ out ! /imulus ( extra pay1 9 proportion to ! quantity ( "w p]=m$ beyond t all[$ to !m1 he _h1 'succe$$ 9 obta9+1 = ?ree days1 d\ble ! =m] av]age ( "w1 r5d]$ by ! labors dur+ ! days ( slav]y2 & ?is1 too1 by f\r o'clock1 at :i* h\r x seems1 !y are n[ wi%ful ( ceas+ to "w1 & to enable !m to d s1 !y "w cont9u\sly f ! "t !y return f _! breakfa/4' ,x is "o decid$ op9ion1 ! pap] nam$ says1 t 9 a v %ort "t ! cultivation ( ! cane /ill be g5]ally resum$1 & all ?+s cont9ue to progress to ! mutual satisfaction ( bo? employ] & labor]4 ,we %all feel indebt$ to our fri5ds = su* in=mation1 z x may be 9 _! p[] to af=d u on ?is important subject1 z x w t5d to _! advantage equally ) t ( _! labor]s1 f ! same be+ made public4 ,we w\ld wi% also t p]mission be giv5 z to m5tion ! names ( ! prop]ties on :i* matt]s h assum$ a favorable aspect4 ,jamaica ,morn+ ,j\rnal ( ,oct4 #b4 ,,gr5ada4--,accord+ to ! ,free ,press1 x w\ld appe> t '! proprietors & manag]s ( sev]al e/ates 9 ,duquesne ,valley1 & else:]e1 _! pati5ce be+ worn out1 & see+ ! cultivation ( _! e/ates go+ to ru91 det]m9$ to put ! law into op]ation1 by compell+1 aft] all[+ tw5ty-?ree or tw5ty-f\r days ( idl5ess1 ! p ei!r to "w or to leave ! e/ates4 ,!y resi/$2 ! aid ( ! magi/rates & ( ! con/abul>y =ce 0 call$ 91 b )\t effect1 & actual viol5ce 01 we le>n1 us$ t[>ds ^? :o came to en=ce ! law4 ,advices 7 imm$iately s5t d[n to ! ,executive1 despat*$ by a g5tleman ( ! ,troop1 :o rea*$ t[n ab\t half pa/ five o'clock on ,saturday morn+ la/4 ,we believe a ,privy ,c\ncil 0 summon$1 & dur+ ! day1 ,capt4 ,cl>ke ( ! #a/ ,we/-,india ,regim5t1 & ,gov]nm5t ,secret>y1 ,lieut4 ,m\ld ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s1 & ,lieut4 ,co/abodie ( ! #gj?1 toge!r ) tw5ty m5 ( ! #gj?1 & #bj ( ! #a/ ,we/ ,india1 emb>k$1 to be convey$ by wat] to ! sc5e ( insubord9ation4' ',we h n le>nt ! reception ?is =ce met )1 f ! labor]s1 b ! results ( ! visit paid !m 71 t ye/]day1 !re 7 at "w1 on f\r e/ates1 none3 on elev5 o!rs1 #bhg 9 all1 & on ano!r all except ?ree1 :o are 9 ! h&s ( ! magi/rates4 ,on "o ( ! above prop]ties1 ! great gang 01 on ,friday la/1 repres5t$ 9 ! cane-piece by "o old woman6' ',! pres5ce ( ! soldi]s has _h1 x w be se51 "s effect1 yet /ill ! prospects are f> f enc\rag+2 a sy/em ( /ock plund]+1 c4 is preval5t to a fe>ful degree1 "s g5tlem5 & ! indu/ri\s labor]s hav+ _h _! f[ls1 c4 entirely c>ri$ (f by ! wor?less crim9als2 x is consolatory1 h[ev]1 to be able to quote ! foll[+ writt51 to u by a g5tleman3 ,al?\gh !re are a good _m p on ! diff]5t e/ates1 /ill ob/9ate & resi/+ ei!r to "w or to leave ! prop]ties1 yet ,i hope t if ! milit>y are po/$ at ,sam>itan = "s "t long]1 !y w come r\nd1 sev]al ( ! v ob/9ate hav+ done s already4 ,two negroes 7 s5t d[n to goal on ,monday la/1 to h _! trial = assault+ ! magi/rates4' ',su* are ! facts1 z f> z we h be5 able to asc]ta9 !m1 :i* h att5d$ a rebelli\s demon/ration among a portion ( ! labor+ population1 calculat$ to excite well-f\nd$ appreh5sion 9 ! :ole community4 ,_h e>li] prev5tive measures be5 adopt$1 ?is op5 manife/ation ( a _s ( resi/ance to1 & defiance ( ! law1 might h be5 avoid$4 ,on ?is po9t1 we h1 9 contempt ( ! "t-s]v+ reflections x has drawn ^u u1 freely & fe>lessly express$ our op9ion1 & we %all n[ only rem>k1 t matt]s hav+ come to ! pass we h /at$1 ! ,executive has adopt$ ! only effective means to br+ affairs aga9 to a heal?y /ate2 =tunate is x = ! colony1 t ?is has be5 done1 & we tru/ t ! effects w be mo/ b5eficial4' ,,tobago4 ,! foll[+ te/ifies well = ! ability ( ! emancipat$ to take c>e ( !mselves4 ',tobago4--,! ,gazette ( ?is ,isl& in=ms u t up to ! p]iod ( its go+ to press1 ! acc\nts f ! c\ntry1 z to ! dis9cl9ation ( ! labor]s to turn out to "w are mu* ! same z we h giv5 ( la/ week4 ,e>ly ?is morn+ p>ties ( !m 7 se5 pass+ ?r\gh t[n 9 v>i\s directions1 accompani$ by _! *ildr51 & c>ry+ along ) !m _! gr\nd provisions1 /ock1 c4 indicat+ a *ange ( location4 ,:il/ on _m e/ates :]e p]emptory dem&s h be5 made t "w be resum$1 or ! labor]s %\ld leave ! e/ate1 d[nright refusal to d ei!r ! "o or ! o!r has be5 ! reply2 & t reply has be5 accompani$ by ?reat & m5ace ( p]sonal viol5ce aga9/ any attempts to turn !m out ( _! h\ses & gr\nds4 ,9 ! transition ( ! labor]s f a /ate ( bondage to fre$om1 mu* t 9 _! mann]s & deportm5t w\ld h br\ght !m summ>ily "u ! co]cion ( ! /ip5di>y magi/rate1 =m]ly1 may n[ be practis$ ) impunity2 & ! fe> is le/ t nice discrim9ation betwixt re/ra9ts j t]m9at$ & rights newly acquir$1 w n be cl\d$ = "s "t1 ev5 9 ! m9ds ( ! au?orities1 be=e :om labor]s are likely to be br\ght = _! transgression4 ,?us1 al?\gh x may appe> l an al>m+ conf$]acy1 ! sy/em ( s5d+ delegates1 or head m51 ar\nd ! e/ates1 :i* ! labor]s h adopt$1 z advis]s1 or ag5ts1 to promote g5]al unanimity2 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ?is is p]fectly ju/ifiable2 & x is only :]e actual viol5ce has be5 ?reat5$ by ^? delegates aga9/ ^? :o *oose to "w at "u wages1 t ! au?orities c m]ely assure !m ( _! protection f viol5ce4'--,morn+ ,j\r41 ,oct4 #b4 ,! ,b>badian ( ,novemb] #ba1 says1 ,an agricultural report has be5 lately made ( ! w9dw>d di/rict ( ! ,isl&1 :i* is favorable z to ! g5]al work+ ( ! negroes4 ,! same pap] ( ,novemb] #bh1 says1 ,x is satisfactory to le>n t _m labor]s 9 ,tobago are engag+ m readily 9 agricultural op]ations4 ,,/4 ,,v9c5t4 ,sa9t ,v9c5t4--,our intellig5ce ?is week1 obs]ves ! ,gazette ( #be? ,augu/1 f ! c\ntry di/ricts1 is consid]ably m favorable ?an = ! previ\s =tnight4 ,9 mo/ ( ! leew>d qu>t]1 ! p h1 m or less1 return$ to "w1 ) ! exception ( v few e/ates1 :i* we decl9e nam+1 z we tru/ t on ^! also !y w resume _! labor 9 a few days4 ,! same may be said g5]ally ( ! prop]ties 9 ,/4 ,george's p>i%2 & 9 ! m ext5sive di/rict ( ,*>lotte1 !re is e prospect t ! same example w be foll[$ next week p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,c>aib c\ntry1 :]e a few labor]s on "s prop]ties h be5 at "w dur+ ! pres5t week1 & ! explanation & advice giv5 !m by ,mr4 ,special ,ju/ice ,ross has be5 att5d$ ) ! be/ effect1 & we d\bt n w s cont9ue4 ,9 ! ,biab\ qu>t] ! labor]s h resum$ "w 9 great] numb]s ?an 9 o!r p>ts ( ! p>i%1 & ! exceptions 9 ?is1 z 9 e!r di/ricts1 we hope w cont9ue b a %ort "t4 ,! ,b>badian ( ,novemb] #ba1 speaks ( a megass h\se set on fire 9 ?is isl& :i* ! peasantry refus$ to ext+ui%1 & adds t b half "w is p]=m$ by ! labor] 9 t p>i%4 ,^? ( ! adjo9+ p>i%1 its says1 are said to be work+ satisfactorily4 ,9 a subsequ5t pap] we notice a report f ! ,*ief ( ,police to ! ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor1 :i* speaks favorably ( ! g5]al work+ ( ! negroes1 z f> z he _h be5 able to asc]ta9 by inquiry into a di/rict compris+ "o-?ird ( ! labor]s4 ,! ,new ,york ,comm]cial ,adv]tis] ( ,febru>y #be1 has a communication f ,amos ,t[ns5d1 ,esq41 ,ca%i] ( ! ,new ,hav5 ,bank2 dat$ ,new ,hav51 ,febru>y #ba1 #ahci1 f :i* we make ! foll[+ extract4 ,he says he obta9$ 8 in=mation f "o ( ! mo/ ext5sive %ipp+ h\ses 9 t city connect$ ) ! ,we/ ,india trade4 ,a ,mr4 ,jackson1 a plant] f ,/4 ,v9c5ts1 has be5 9 ?is city )9 a few day1 & says t ! emancipation ( ! slaves on t isl& works extremely well2 & t 8 plantation produces m & yields a l>g] pr(it ?an x has ev] done be=e4 ,! emancipat$ slaves n[ d 9 eight h\rs :at 0 be=e consid]$ a two-days' task1 & he pays ! labor]s a doll> a day4 ,mr4 ,jackson fur!r /ates t he1 & ,mr4 ,nelson1 ( ,tr9idad1 ) ano!r g5tleman f ! same isl&s1 h be5 to ,wa%+ton1 & conf]r$ ) ,mr4 ,calh\n & ,mr4 ,clay1 to endeav\r to conc]t "s plan to get color$ labor]s f ?is c\ntry to emigrate to ^! isl&s1 z !re is a great want ( h&s4 ,!y (f] "o doll> a day = able bodi$ h&s4 ,! g5tlem5 at ,wa%+ton 7 pleas$ ) ! idea ( ?us dispos+ ( ! free blacks at ! ,s\?1 & w\ld enc\rage _! ef=ts to induce t class ( ! color$ p to emigrate4 ,mr4 ,calh\n rem>k$ t x 0 ! mo/ feasible plan ( coloniz+ ! free blacks t _h ev] be5 sugge/$4 ,?is is ! am\nt ( my in=mation1 & comes 9 s direct a *annel z leaves no room to d\bt its correctness4 ,:at our s\!rn *ampions w n[ say to ?is direct te/imony f _! bro!r plant]s ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 ( ! practicability & safety ( imm$iate emancipation1 rema9s to be se54 ,truly y\rs4 ,,amos ,,t[ns5d1 ,,jun4 ,,/4 ,,lucia4 ,sa9t ,lucia4--,! ,palladium /ates t affairs are becom+ worse e day ) ! plant]s4 ,_! prop]ties are left )\t lab\r]s to "w !m2 _! build+s brok5 into1 /ores & produce /ol51 gr\nd provisions de/roy$1 /ock robb$1 & !y !mselves insult$ & laugh$ at4 ,on ,saturday night1 ! ,commiss>y ( ,police arriv$ 9 t[n f ! ?ird & f\r? di/ricts1 ) "s tw5ty or ?irty prison]s1 :o _h be5 convict$ be=e ! ,*ief ,ju/ice ( hav+ assault$ ! police 9 ! execution ( _! duty1 & s5t to gaol4 ,x has be5 deem$ necess>y to call = milit>y aid ) a view ( humbl+ ! high & extravagant ideas ent]ta9$ by ! ex-appr5tices ^u ! indep5d5ce ( _! pres5t condition2 ?irty-six m5 ( ! fir/ ,we/ ,india regim5t1 & twelve ( ! sev5ty-f\r? h be5 accord+ly despat*$2 ! deta*m5t emb>k$ ye/]day on bo>d ,mr4 ,mut]'s s*oon]1 ! ,l\isa1 to l& at ,s\fri]e1 & m>* into ! int]ior4 ,9 bo? ! above cases :]e ! milit>y 0 call$ out1 ! provocation 0 giv5 by ! :ite4 ,& 9 bo? cases x 0 aft]w>ds grant$ to be ne$less4 ,inde$1 9 ! quell+ ( "o ( ^! factiti\s rebellions1 ! prison]s tak5 7 two :ite m51 & "o ( !m a manag]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,*attel ,,pr9ciple ,,! ,,abhorr5ce ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,! ,,apo/les2 ,,or ,,no ,,refuge ,,= ,,am]ican ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,,new ,,york ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society4 ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahci ,please read & circulate4 ,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,son ,,( ,,man ,,is ,,come ,,to ,,seek ,,& ,,to ,,save ,,t ,,:i* ,,0 ,,lo/4 ,is ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y8 ,9 #aggf ,,?omas ,,jeff]son1 support$ by a noble b& ( patriots & surr\nd$ by ! ,am]ican p1 op5$ 8 lips 9 ! au?oritative decl>ation3 ,we hold ^! tru?s to be ,,self-,,evid5t1 t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among ^! are life1 ,,lib]ty & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,& f ! inmo/ he>t ( ! multitudes ar\nd1 & 9 a /rong & cle> voice1 broke =? ! unanim\s & decisive answ]3 ,am5--su* tru?s we d inde$ hold to be self-evid5t4 ,& animat$ & su/a9$ by a decl>ation1 s inspir+ & sublime1 !y ru%$ to arms1 & z ! result ( agoniz+ ef=ts & dreadful suff]+s1 a*iev$ "u ,god ! indep5d5ce ( _! c\ntry4 ,! great tru?1 :5ce !y d]iv$ light & /r5g? to ass]t & def5d _! rights1 !y made ! f\ndation ( _! republic4 ,& 9 ! mid/ ( ?is republic1 mu/ we prove1 t ,he1 :o 0 ! ,tru?1 did n contradict ! tru?s :i* ,he ,himself1 z _! ,creator1 _h made self-evid5t to mank9d8 ,is ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y8 ,:at1 accord+ to ^? laws :i* make x :at x is1 is ,am]ican slav]y8 ,9 ! ,/atute-,book ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ?us x is writt53,a ,slaves %all be deem$1 sold1 tak51 reput$ & adjudg$ 9 law to be *attels p]sonal 9 ! h&s ( _! own]s & possessors1 & _! executors1 adm9i/rators & assigns1 to all int5ts1 con/ructions & purposes :atev]4 ,! v root ( ,am]ican slav]y consi/s 9 ! assumption1 t law has r$uc$ m5 to *attels4 ,b ?is assumption is1 & mu/ be1 a gross falsehood4 ,m5 & cattle are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by ! ,creator1 immutably1 et]nally1 & by an impassable gulf4 ,to conf\nd or id5tify m5 & cattle mu/ be to lie mo/ wantonly1 impud5tly1 & malici\sly4 ,& mu/ we prove1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is n 9 favor ( palpable1 mon/r\s falsehood8 ,footnote ,a3 ,/r\d's ,slave ,laws1 p4 #bc4 ,is ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y8 ,h[ c a sy/em1 built ^u a /\t & impud5t d5ial ( self-evid5t tru?--a sy/em ( treat+ m5 l cattle--op]ate8 ,?omas ,jeff]son %all answ]4 ,he> him4,b ,! :ole comm]ce betwe5 ma/] & slave is a p]petual ex]cise ( ! mo/ boi/]\s passions2 ! mo/ unremitt+ despotism on ! "o "p1 & degrad+ submission on ! o!r4 ,! p>5t /orms1 ! *ild looks on1 cat*es ! l9eam5ts ( wra?1 puts on ! same airs 9 ! circle ( small] slaves1 gives loose to 8 wor/ passions1 & ?us nurs$1 educat$1 & daily ex]cis$ 9 tyranny1 c n b be /amp$ by x ) odi\s peculi>ities4 ,! man mu/ be a prodigy1 :o c reta9 8 mann]s & morals undeprav$ by su* circum/ances4 ,su* is ! practical op]ation ( a sy/em1 :i* puts m5 & cattle into ! same family & treats !m alike4 ,& mu/ we prove1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is n 9 favor ( a s*ool :]e ! wor/ vices 9 _! mo/ hateful =ms are sy/ematically & effici5tly taught & practic$8 ,footnote ,b3 ,notes on ,virg9ia4 ,is ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y8 ,:at1 9 #ahah1 did ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* affirm respect+ its nature & op]ation8,c ,slav]y creates a p>adox 9 ! moral sy/em--x exhibits rational1 acc\ntable1 & immortal be+s1 9 su* circum/ances z sc>cely to leave !m ! p[] ( moral action4 ,x exhibits !m z dep5d5t on ! w ( o!rs1 :e!r !y %all receive religi\s in/ruction2 :e!r !y %all "k & wor%ip ! true ,god2 :e!r !y %all enjoy ! ord9ances ( ! gospel2 :e!r !y %all p]=m ! duties & *]i% ! ende>m5ts ( husb&s & wives1 p>5ts & *ildr51 neighbors & fri5ds2 :e!r !y %all pres]ve _! *a/ity & purity1 or reg>d ! dictates ( ju/ice & humanity4 ,su* are "s ( ! consequ5ces ( slav]y2 consequ5ces n imag9>y1 b :i* connect !mselves ) its v exi/5ce4 ,! evils to :i* ! slave is always expos$1 (t5 take place 9 _! v wor/ degree & =m2 & :]e all ( !m d n take place1 /ill ! slave is depriv$ ( 8 natural rights1 degrad$ z a human be+1 & expos$ to ! dang] ( pass+ into ! h&s ( a ma/] :o may inflict ^u him all ! h>d%ips & injuries :i* inhumanity & av>ice may sugge/4 ,mu/ we prove1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is n 9 favor ( su* ?+s8 ,footnote ,c3 ,m9utes ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly = #ahah1 p4 #bi4 ,is ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y8 ,x is already widely felt & op5ly ackn[l$g$ at ! ,s\?1 t !y c n support slav]y )\t su/a9+ ! opposition ( univ]sal *ri/5dom4 ,& ,?omas ,jeff]son decl>$1 t he trembl$ = 8 c\ntry :5 he reflect$1 t ,god is j2 t 8 ju/ice c n sleep =ev]2 t consid]+ numb]s1 nature1 & natural means only1 a revolution ( ! :eel ( =tune1 an ex*ange ( situation1 is among possible ev5ts2 t x may become practicable by sup]natural influ5ces6 ,! ,almighty has no attribute :i* c take sides ) u 9 su* a conte/4,a ,& mu/ we prove1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is n 9 favor ( :at univ]sal *ri/5dom is impell$ to abhor1 d5\nce1 & oppose2--is n 9 favor ( :at e attribute ( ,almighty ,god is arm$ aga9/8 ,footnote ,a3 ,notes on ,virg9ia ,,ye ,,h ,,despis$ ,,! ,,poor4 ,x is no man ( /raw1 ) :om 9 mak+ out su* pro( we are call$ to cont5d4 ,w\ld to ,god we _h no o!r antagoni/6 ,w\ld to ,god t our labor ( love c\ld be reg>d$ z a "w ( sup]]ogation6 ,b we may well be a%am$ & griev$2 to f9d x necess>y to /op ! m\?s ( grave & le>n$ ecclesia/ics1 :o f ! heights ( ,zion h und]tak5 to def5d ! in/itution ( slav]y4 ,we speak n n[ ( ^?1 :o amid/ ! monum5ts ( oppression are engag$ 9 ! sacr$ vocation2 :o z m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel c prophesy smoo? ?+s to su* z pollute ! alt> ( ,jehovah ) human sacrifices2 nay1 :o !mselves b9d ! victim & k9dle ! sacrifice4 ,t !y %\ld put _! ,savior to ! torture1 to wr+ f 8 lips some?+ 9 favor ( slav]y1 is n to be wond]$ at4 ,!y cons5t to ! murd] ( ! *ildr52 c !y respect ! rights ( ! ,fa!r8 ,b :at %all we say ( !ological pr(essors at ! ,nor?--pr(essors ( sacr$ lit]ature at our olde/ div9ity s*ools--:o /& up to def5d1 bo? by argum5t & au?ority1 s\!rn slav]y6 ,& f ! ,bible6 ,:o1 ,balaam-l1 try a ?\s& exp$i5ts to =ce f ! m\? ( ,jehovah a s5t5ce :i* !y "k ! he>t ( ,jehovah abhors6 ,surely we h "h some?+ m mis*iev\s & =midable ?an a man ( /raw4 ,m ?an two ye>s ago1 & j be=e ! meet+ ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 appe>$ an article 9 ! ,biblical ,rep]tory1,a und]/ood to be f ! p5 ( ! ,pr(essor ( ,sacr$ ,lit]ature at ,pr9ceton1 9 :i* an ef=t is made to %[1 t slav]y1 :atev] may be said ( any abuses ( x1 is n a violation ( ! precepts ( ! ,gospel4 ,?is article1 we are in=m$1 0 indu/ri\sly & ext5sively di/ribut$ among ! memb]s ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly--a body ( m51 :o by a frightful majority seem$ already too mu* dispos$ to w9k at ! horrors ( slav]y4 ,! effect ( ! ,pr9ceton ,apology on ! s\!rn m9d1 we h high au?ority = say+1 has be5 mo/ decisive & injuri\s4 ,x has contribut$ greatly to turn ! public eye (f f ! s9--f ! inh]5t & necess>y evils ( slav]y to incid5tal evils1 :i* ! abuse ( x might be expect$ to occasion4 ,& h[ few c be br\ght to admit1 t :atev] abuses may prevail nobody kn[s :]e or h[1 any su* ?+ is *>geable ^u !m6 ,?us our ,pr9ceton prophet has done :at he c\ld to lay ! s\!rn consci5ce asleep ^u +5i\s p]v]sions ( ! sacr$ volume6 ,footnote ,a3 ,= ,april1 #ahcf4 ,! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* met 9 ! foll[+ ,may1 at ,pittsburgh1 :]e1 9 pamphlet =m1 ?is article 0 di/ribut$4 ,! foll[+ appe>$ ^u ! title page3 ,,pittsburgh3 #ahcf4 ,= gratuit\s di/ribution4 ,ab\t a ye> aft] ?is1 an ef=t 9 ! same direction 0 jo9tly made by ,dr4 ,fisk & ,pr(4 ,/u>t4 ,9 a lett] to a ,me?odi/ cl]gyman1 ,mr4 ,m]ritt1 publi%$ 9 ,zion's ,h]ald1 ,dr4 ,fisk gives utt]ance to su* ?+s z ! foll[+3--,b t y & ! public may see & feel1 t y h ! able/ & ^? :o are among ! hone/e/ m5 ( ?is age1 array$ aga9/ y1 be pleas$ to notice ! foll[+ lett] f ,pr(4 ,/u>t4 ,i wrote to him1 kn[+ z ,i did 8 integrity ( purpose1 8 unfl9*+ reg>d = tru?1 z well z 8 des]v$ reputation z a s*ol> & biblical critic1 propos+ ! foll[+ que/ions3-- #a4 ,does ! ,new ,te/am5t directly or indirectly tea*1 t slav]y exi/$ 9 ! primitive *ur*8 #b4 ,9 #a ,tim4 vi4 #b1 ,& !y t h believ+ ma/]s1 c41 :at is ! relation express$ or impli$ betwe5 !y 7s]vants7 & believ+ ma/]s8 ,& :at are y\r reasons = ! con/ruction ( ! passage8 #c4 ,:at 0 ! "* ( anci5t & ea/]n slav]y8--,especially :at 7legal7 p[] did ?is relation give ! ma/] ov] ! slave8 ,,pr(essor ,,/u>t',s ,,reply4 ,,&ov]1 #aj? ,april1 #ahcg4 ,,rev4 ,,& ,,de> ,,sir1--,y\rs is be=e me4 ,a sickness ( ?ree mon?s' /&+ 7typhus fev]17 9 :i* ,i h j escap$ dea?1 & :i* /ill conf9es me to my h\se1 r5d]s x impossible = me to answ] y\r lett] at l>ge4 #a4 ,! precepts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t respect+ ! demeanor ( slaves & ( _! ma/]s1 beyond all "q1 recognize ! exi/5ce ( slav]y4 ,! ma/]s are 9 "p believ+ ma/]s1 s t a precept to !m1 h[ !y are to behave z ma/]s1 recognizes t ! relation may /ill exi/1 salva fide et salva ecclesia1 7)\t violat+ ! ,*ri/ian fai? or ! *ur*47 ,o!rwise1 ,paul _h no?+ to d b to cut ! b& asund] at once4 ,he c\ld n lawfully & prop]ly temporize ) a malum 9 se1 7t :i* is 9 itself s947 ,if any "o d\bts1 let him take ! case ( ,paul's s5d+ ,onesimus back to ,philemon1 ) an apology = 8 runn+ away1 & s5d+ him back to be 8 s]vant = life4 ,! relation did exi/1 may exi/4 ,! abuse ( x is ! ess5tial & fundam5tal wrong4 ,n t ! !ory ( slav]y is 9 itself "r4 ,no2 ,love ?y neighbor z ?yself1 ,d unto o!rs t :i* ye w\ld t o!rs %\ld d unto y1 decide aga9/ ?is4 ,b ! relation once con/itut$ & cont9u$1 is n su* a malum 9 se z calls = imm$iate & viol5t disruption at all haz>ds4 ,s ,paul did n c\nsel4 #b4 #a ,tim4 vi4 #b1 expresses ! s5tim5t1 t slaves1 :o are ,*ri/ians & h ,*ri/ian ma/]s1 are n1 on t acc\nt1 & because z ,*ri/ians !y are bre?r51 to =ego ! rev]5ce due to !m z ma/]s4 ,t is1 ! relation ( ma/] & slave is n1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 abrogat$ betwe5 all ,*ri/ians4 ,nay1 s]vants %\ld 9 su* a case1 a =tiori1 d _! duty *e]fully4 ,?is s5tim5t lies on ! v face ( ! case4 ,:at ! ma/]'s duty 9 su* a case may be 9 respect to lib]ation1 is ano!r "q1 & "o :i* ! apo/le does n "h treat (4 #c4 ,e "o kn[s1 :o is acqua9t$ ) ,greek or ,lat9 antiquities1 t slav]y among hea!n nations has ev] be5 m unqualifi$ & at loos] ends ?an among ,*ri/ian nations4 ,slaves 7 prop]ty 9 ,greece & ,rome4 ,t decides all que/ions ab\t _! relation4 ,_! treatm5t dep5d$1 z x does n[1 on ! temp] ( _! ma/]s4 ,! p[] ( ! ma/] ov] ! slave 01 = a long "t1 t ( life & dea?4 ,horrible cruelties at l5g? mitigat$ x4 ,9 ! apo/le's day1 x 0 at lea/ z great z among u4 ,aft] all ! sp\t+ & vehem5ce on ?is subject1 :i* h be5 exhibit$1 ! good old ,book rema9s ! same4 ,paul's conduct & advice are /ill safe guides4 ,paul knew well t ,*ri/ianity w\ld ultimately de/roy slav]y1 z x c]ta9ly w4 ,he knew too1 t x w\ld de/roy mon>*y & ari/ocracy f ! e>?2 = x is fundam5tally a doctr9e ( true lib]ty & equality4 ,yet ,paul did n expect slav]y or an>*y to be ou/$ 9 a day2 & gave precepts to ,*ri/ians respect+ _! demeanor ad int]im4 ,) s9c]e & pat]nal reg>d1 ,y\r fri5d & bro!r1 ,m4 ,,/u>t4 99 99 99 99 99 --,?is1 sir1 is doctr9e t w /&1 because x is ,bible doctr9e4 ,! abolitioni/s1 !n1 are on a wrong c\rse4 ,!y h travel$ out ( ! record2 & if !y w\ld succe$1 !y mu/ take a diff]5t position1 & approa* ! subject 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,respectfully y\rs1 ,w4 ,,fisk ,,s ,,!y ,,wrap ,,sn>l ,,x ,,up4 ,:at are we taught "h8 ,t 9 ! ecclesia/ical organizations :i* grew up "u ! h&s ( ! apo/les1 slav]y 0 admitt$ z a relation1 t did n violate ! ,*ri/ian fai?2 t ! relation may n[ 9 l mann] exi/2 t ! abuse ( x is ! ess5tial & fundam5tal wrong2 &1 ( c\rse1 t ,am]ican ,*ri/ians may hold _! own bre?r5 9 slav]y )\t incurr+ guilt or inflict+ injury4 ,?us accord+ to ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 ,jesus ,*ri/ has n a ^w to say aga9/ ! peculi> in/itutions ( ! ,s\?4 ,if our bre?r5 !re d n abuse ! privilege ( exact+ unpaid labor1 !y may multiply _! slaves to _! he>ts' cont5t1 )\t expos+ !mselves to ! fr[n ( ! ,savior or lay+ _! ,*ri/ian "* op5 to ! lea/ suspicion4 ,c\ld any traffick] 9 human fle% ask = great] latitude8 ,& to su* doctr9es1 ,dr4 ,fisk eag]ly aid e>ne/ly subscribes4 ,he goes fur!r4 ,he urges x on ! att5tion ( 8 bre?r51 z conta9+ important tru?1 :i* !y ought to embrace4 ,accord+ to him1 x is ,bible doctr9e1 %[+1 t ! abolitioni/s are on a wrong c\rse1 & mu/1 if !y w\ld succe$1 take a diff]5t position4 ,we n[ ref] to su* di/+ui%$ names1 to %[1 t 9 attempt+ to prove t ,jeans ,*ri/ is n 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y1 we cont5d ) some?+ else ?an a man ( /raw4 ,! ungrateful task1 :i* a p>ticul> exam9ation ( ,pr(4 ,/u>t's lett] lays ^u u1 we hope fairly to dispose ( 9 due season4--,en\gh has n[ be5 said1 to make x cle> & c]ta91 t ,am]ican slav]y has its apologi/s & advocates 9 ! nor!rn pulpit2 advocates & apologi/s1 :o fall beh9d few if any ( _! bre?r5 9 ! reputation !y h acquir$1 ! /ations !y occupy1 & ! g5]al influ5ce !y are suppos$ to ex]t4 ,is x s8 ,did slav]y exi/ 9 ,judea1 & among ! ,jews1 9 its wor/ =m1 dur+ ! ,savior's inc>nation8 ,if ! ,jews held slaves1 !y mu/ h done s 9 op5 & flagrant violation ( ! lett] & ! _s ( ! ,mosaic ,disp5sation4 ,:oev] has any d\bts ( ?is may well resolve 8 d\bts 9 ! light ( ! ,argum5t entitl$ ,! ,bible aga9/ ,slav]y4 ,if1 aft] a c>eful & ?or\gh exam9ation ( t article1 he c believe t slavehold+ prevail$ dur+ ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus ,*ri/ among ! ,jews & 9 accordance ) ! au?ority ( ,moses1 he w\ld d ! read+ public an important s]vice to record ! gr\nds ( 8 belief--especially 9 a fair & full refutation ( t ,argum5t4 ,till t is done1 we hold ourselves excus$ f attempt+ to prove :at we n[ repeat1 t if ! ,jews dur+ our ,savior's inc>nation held slaves1 !y mu/ h done s 9 op5 & flagrant violation ( ! lett] & ! _s ( ! ,mosaic ,disp5sation4 ,c\ld ,*ri/ & ! ,apo/les e :]e among _! c\ntrym5 come 9 contact ) slavehold+1 be+ z x 0 a gross violation ( t law :i* _! (fice & _! pr(ession requir$ !m to honor & en=ce1 )\t expos+ & condemn+ x4 ,9 its wor/ =ms1 we are told1 slav]y prevail$ ov] ! :ole _w1 n except+ ,judea4 ,z1 accord+ to su* ecclesia/ics z ,/u>t1 ,hodge1 & ,fisk1 slav]y 9 itself is n bad at all1 ! t]m wor/ c\ld be appli$ only to abuses ( ?is innoc5t relation4 ,slav]y accord+ly exi/$ among ! ,jews1 disfigur$ & disgrac$ by ! wor/ abuses to :i* x is liable4 ,^! abuses 9 ! anci5t _w1 ,pr(4 ,/u>t describes z horrible cruelties4 ,& 9 our own c\ntry1 su* abuses h gr[n s rank1 z to lead a di/+ui%$ eye-witness--no less a philosoph] & /atesman ?an ,?omas ,jeff]son--to say1 t !y _h arm$ aga9/ u e attribute ( ! ,almighty4 ,) ^! ?+s ! ,savior e :]e came 9 contact1 among ! p to ^: improvem5t & salvation he devot$ 8 liv+ p[]s1 & yet n a ^w1 n a syllable1 9 exposure & condemnation ( su* horrible cruelties1 escap$ 8 lips6 ,he saw--among ! cov5ant p ( ,jehovah he saw1 ! babe pluck$ f ! bosom ( its "m2 ! wife torn f ! embrace ( h] husb&2 ! daught] driv5 to ! m>ket by ! sc\rge ( h] own fa!r2--he saw ! ^w ( ,god seal$ up f ^? :o1 ( all m51 7 especially entitl$ to its enlight5+1 quick5+ influ5ce2--nay1 he saw m5 beat5 = kneel+ be=e ! ?rone ( heav5ly m]cy2--su* ?+s he saw )\t a ^w ( admonition or repro(6 ,no sympa?y ) !m :o suff]$ wrong--no indignation at !m :o inflict$ wrong1 mov$ 8 he>t6 ,f ! all$g$ sil5ce ( ! ,savior1 :5 9 contact ) slav]y among ! ,jews1 our div9es inf]1 t x is q consi/5t ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,& !y affirm1 t he saw x 9 its wor/ =ms2 t is1 he witness$ :at ,pr(4 ,/u>t v5tures to call horrible cruelties4 ,b :at "r h ^! int]pret]s ( ! sacr$ volume to reg>d any =m ( slav]y :i* ! ,savior f\nd1 z wor/1 or ev5 bad8 ,accord+ to _! inf]5ce--:i* !y w\ld ?ru/ gag-wise into ! m\?s ( abolitioni/s--8 sil5ce %\ld seal up _! lips4 ,!y ought to hold _! tongues4 ,!y h no "r to call any =m ( slav]y bad--an abuse2 mu* less1 horribly cruel6 ,_! inf]5ce is broad en\gh to protect ! mo/ brutal driv] amid/ 8 deadlie/ inflictions6 ,,?9k ,,n ,,t ,i ,,am ,,come ,,to ,,de/roy ,,! ,,law ,,or ,,! ,,prophets2 ,i ,,am ,,n ,,come ,,to ,,de/roy1 ,,b ,,to ,,fulfill4 ,& did ! ,head ( ! new disp5sation1 !n1 fall s f> beh9d ! prophets ( ! old 9 a he>ty & effective reg>d = suff]+ humanity8 ,! =ms ( oppression :i* !y witness$1 excit$ _! compassion & ar\s$ _! indignation4 ,9 t]ms ! mo/ po9t$ & p[]ful1 !y expos$1 d5\nc$1 ?reat5$4 ,!y c\ld n endure ! creatures1 :o us$ _! neighbors' s]vice )\t wages1 & gave him n = 8 "w2,a :o impos$ heavy burd5s,b ^u _! fell[s1 & load$ !m ) ! b&s ( wick$ness2 :o1 hid+ !mselves f _! own fle%1 dis[n$ _! own mo!rs' *ildr54 ,pr(essions ( piety1 jo9$ ) ! oppression ( ! poor1 !y held up to univ]sal scorn & execration1 z ! dregs ( hypocrisy4 ,!y w>n$ ! creature ( su* pr(essions1 t he c\ld escape ! wra? ( ,jehovah only by he>tfelt rep5tance4 ,& yet1 accord+ to ! ecclesia/ics ) :om we h to d1 ! ,"l ( ^! prophets pass$ by 9 sil5ce j su* enormities z he comm&$ !m to expose & d5\nce6 ,e :]e1 he came 9 contact ) slav]y 9 its wor/ =ms--horrible cruelties =c$ !mselves ^u 8 notice2 b n a ^w ( rebuke or w>n+ did he utt]4 ,he saw a boy giv5 = a h>lot1 & a girl sold = w9e1 t !y might dr9k1,c )\t ! slighte/ feel+ ( displeasure1 or any m>k ( disapprobation6 ,to su* disgu/+ & horrible conclusions1 d ! argu+s :i*1 f ! haunts ( sacr$ lit]ature1 are inflictcd on our *ur*es1 lead u6 ,accord+ to !m1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 in/ead ( %9+ z ! light ( ! _w1 ext+ui%$ ! tor*es :i* 8 own prophets _h k9dl$1 & plung$ mank9d into ! palpable d>kness ( a />less midnight6 ,o ,savior1 9 pity to ?y suff]+ p1 let ?y temple be no long] us$ z a d5 ( ?ieves6 ,footnote ,a3 ,j]emiah xxii4 #ac4 ,footnote ,b3 ,isaiah lviii4 #f1g4 ,footnote ,c3 ,joel iii4 #c4 ,,?\ ,,?\ghte/ ,,t ,i ,,0 ,,altoge!r ,,su* ,,an ,,"o ,,z ,,?yself4 ,9 pass+ by ! wor/ =ms ( slav]y1 ) :i* he e :]e came 9 contact among ! ,jews1 ! ,savior mu/ h be5 inconsi/5t ) himself4 ,he 0 commission$ to prea* glad tid+s to ! poor2 to heal ! brok5-he>t$2 to prea* deliv]ance to ! captives2 to set at lib]ty !m t are bruis$2 to prea* ! ye> ( ,jubilee4 ,9 accordance ) ?is commission1 he b\nd himself1 f ! e>lie/ date ( 8 inc>nation1 to ! poor1 by ! /ronge/ ties2 himself _h n :]e to lay 8 head2 he expos$ himself to misrepres5tation & abuse = 8 affectionate int]c\rse ) ! outca/s ( society2 he /ood up z ! advocate ( ! wid[1 d5\nc+ & doom+ ! he>tless ecclesia/ics1 :o _h made h] b]eavem5t a s\rce ( ga92 & 9 describ+ ! sc5es ( ! f9al judgm5t1 he select$ ! v p]sonification ( pov]ty1 disease1 & oppression1 z ! te/ by :i* our reg>d = him %\ld be det]m9$4 ,to ! poor & wret*$2 to ! degrad$ & despis$1 8 arms 7 ev] op54 ,!y _h 8 t5d]e/ sympa?ies4 ,!y _h 8 w>me/ love4 ,8 he>t's blood he p\r$ out ^u ! gr\nd = ! human family1 r$uc$ to ! deepe/ degradation1 & expos$ to ! heavie/ inflictions1 z ! slaves ( ! gr& usurp]4 ,& yet1 accord+ to our ecclesia/ics1 t class ( suff]]s :o _h be5 r$uc$ immeasurably bel[ e o!r %ape & =m ( degradation & di/ress2 :o _h be5 mo/ rudely ?ru/ out ( ! family ( ,adam1 & =c$ to h]d ) sw9e2 :o1 )\t ! slighte/ (f5se1 _h be5 made ! foot-/ool ( ! wor/ crim9als2 ^: te>s 7 _! meat night & day1 :ile1 "u nameless insults & kill+ injuries1 !y 7 cont9ually cry+1 ,o ,"l1 ,o ,"l3--?is class ( suff]]s1 & ?is alone1 our biblical expositors1 occupy+ ! high places ( sacr$ lit]ature1 w\ld make u believe ! compassionate ,savior coldly ov]look$4 ,n an emotion ( pity2 n a look ( sympa?y2 n a ^w ( consolation1 did 8 graci\s he>t prompt him to be/[ ^u !m6 ,he d5\nces damnation ^u ! dev\r] ( ! wid['s h\se4 ,b ! mon/]1 ^: trade x is to make wid[s & dev\r !m & _! babes1 he c calmly endure6 ,o ,savior1 :5 wilt ?\ /op ! m\?s ( su* blasphem]s6 ,,x ,,is ,,! ,,_s ,,t ,,quick5e?4 ,x seems1 t ?\gh1 accord+ to our ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 ! subject ( slav]y is h>dly allud$ to by ,*ri/ 9 any ( 8 p]sonal in/ructions,a1 he _h a way ( treat+ x4 ,:at 0 t8 ,:y1 he taught ! true nature1 ,,dignity1 ,,equality1 & de/9y ( m51 & inculcat$ ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & love4,b ,& accord+ to ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 ! maxims :i* our ,savior furni%$1 decide aga9/ ! !ory ( slav]y4 ,all1 !n1 t ^! ecclesia/ical apologi/s = slav]y c make ( ! ,savior's all$g$ sil5ce is1 t he did n1 9 8 p]sonal in/ructions1 apply 8 own pr9ciples to ?is p>ticul> =m ( wick$ness4 ,= wick$ t mu/ be1 :i* ! maxims ( ! ,savior decide aga9/1 & :i* our ,pr9ceton pr(essor assures u ! pr9ciples ( ! gospel1 duly act$ on1 w\ld spe$ily ext+ui%,c4 ,h[ rem>kable x is1 t a tea*] %\ld h>dly allude to a subject 9 any ( 8 p]sonal in/ructions1 & yet inculcate pr9ciples :i* h a direct & vital be>+ ^u x6--%\ld s conduct1 z to ju/ify ! inf]5ce1 t slavehold+ is n a crime,d1 & at ! same "t l5d 8 au?ority = its spe$y ext9ction6 ,footnote ,a3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet1 7already allud$ to17p4#i4 ,footnote ,b3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet1 p4#i4 ,footnote ,c3 ,! same1 p4#cd4 ,footnote ,d3 ,! same1 p4#ac4 ,high] au?ority ?an su/a9s self-evid5t tru?s !re c n be4 ,z =ms ( reason1 !y are rays f ! face ( ,jehovah4 ,n only are _! pres5ce & p[] self-manife/$1 b !y also %$ a /rong & cle> light ar\nd !m4 ,9 ?is light1 o!r tru?s are visible4 ,lum9>ies !mselves1 x is _! (fice to enlight54 ,to _! au?ority1 9 e dep>tm5t ( ?\ght1 ! sane m9d b[s promptly1 gratefully1 fully4 ,& by _! au?ority1 he expla9s1 proves1 & disposes ( :atev] engages 8 att5tion & engrosses 8 p[]s z a reasonable & reason+ creature4 ,= :at1 :5 ?us employ$ & :5 mo/ successful1 is ! utmo/ he c accompli%8 ,:y1 to make ! conclusions :i* he w\ld e/abli% & comm5d1 cle> 9 ! light ( reason2--9 o!r words1 to ev9ce t !y are reasonable4 ,he expects1 t ^? ) :om he has to d1 w ackn[l$ge ! au?ority ( pr9ciple--w see :atev] is exhibit$ 9 ! light ( reason4 ,if !y require him to g fur!r1 &1 9 ord] to conv9ce !m1 to d some?+ m t %[ t ! doctr9es he ma9ta9s1 & ! me?ods he proposes1 are accordant ) reason--are illu/rat$ & support$ by self-evid5t tru?s--!y are pla9ly beside !mselves4 ,!y h lo/ ! use ( reason4 ,!y are n to be argu$ )4 ,!y belong to ! mad-h\se4 ,,come ,,n[1 ,,let ,,u ,,reason ,,toge!r1 ,,sai? ,,! ,,"l4 ,are we to honor ! ,bible1 :i* ,pr(4 ,/u>t qua9tly calls ! good old book1 by turn+ away f self-evid5t tru?s to receive its in/ructions8 ,c ^! tru?s be contradict$ or d5i$ !re8 ,d we se>* = some?+ !re to obscure _! cle>ness1 or break _! =ce1 or r$uce _! au?ority8 ,d we long to f9d some?+ !re1 9 ! =m ( premises or conclusions1 ( argu+ or ( inf]5ce1 9 broad /atem5ts or bl9d h9ts1 cre$-wise or fact-wise1 :i* may set u free f ! light & p[] ( fir/ pr9ciples8 ,& :at if we 7 to discov] :at we 7 ?us 9 se>* (8--some?+ directly or indirectly1 expressly or impli$ly prejudicial to ! pr9ciples1 :i* reason1 plac+ u "u ! au?ority (1 makes self-evid5t8 ,9 :at e/imation1 9 t case1 %\ld we be con/ra9$ to hold ! ,bible8 ,c\ld we long] honor x1 z ! book ( ,god8 ,! book ( ,god oppos$ to ! au?ority ( ,,reason6 ,:y1 be=e :at tribunal d we dispose ( ! claims ( ! sacr$ volume to div9e au?ority8 ,! tribunal ( reason4 ,?is e "o ackn[l$ges ! mom5t he beg9s to reason on ! subject4 ,& :at mu/ reason d ) a book1 :i* r$uc$ ! au?ority ( its own pr9ciples--broke ! =ce ( self-evid5t tru?s8 ,is he n1 by way ( em95ce1 ! apo/le ( infidelity1 :o1 z a m9i/] ( ! gospel or a pr(essor ( sacr$ lit]ature1 ex]ts himself1 ) :atev] arts ( +5uity or %[ ( piety1 to exalt ! ,bible at ! exp5se ( reason8 ,let su* arts succe$ & su* piety prevail1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ is crucifi$ afre% & put to an op5 %ame4 ,:at sai? ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor8 ,:y1 9 spite ( g5]al pr9ciples1 & cle> z we may ?9k ! argum5ts aga9/ ,,despotism1 !re h be5 ?\s&s ( ,,enlight5$ & good m51 :o hone/ly believe x to be ( all =ms ( gov]nm5t ! be/ & mo/ acceptable to ,god4,a ,n[1 ^! good m5 mu/ h be5 ?us w>mly 9 favor ( despotism1 9 consequ5ce (1 or 9 opposition to1 _! be+ enlight5$4 ,9 o!r words1 ! light1 :i* 9 su* abundance !y enjoy$1 conduct$ !m to ! position 9 favor ( despotism1 :]e ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor s he>tily %ook h&s ) !m1 or !y mu/ h =c$ _! way !re 9 despite ( its hall[$ influ5ce4 ,ei!r 9 accordance )1 or 9 resi/ance to ! light1 !y became :at he f\nd !m--! advocates ( despotism4 ,if 9 resi/ance to ! light--& he says !y 7 enlight5$ m5--:at1 s f> z ! subject ) :i* alone he & we are n[ conc]n$1 becomes ( _! hone/y & goodness8 ,good & hone/ resi/]s ( ! light1 :i* 0 freely p\r$ ar\nd !m6 ,( su*1 :at says ,pr(essor ,/u>t's good old ,book8 ,_! au?ority1 :]e g5]al pr9ciples comm& ! lea/ respect1 mu/ be small inde$4 ,b if 9 accordance ) ! light1 !y h become ! advocates ( despotism1 !n is despotism ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t & mo/ acceptable to ,god4 ,x is su/a9$ by ! au?ority ( reason1 by ! ^w ( ,jehovah1 by ! w ( ,heav56 ,if ?is be ! doctr9e :i* prevails at c]ta9 !ological sem9>ies1 x mu/ be easy to acc\nt = ! _s :i* !y brea!1 & ! g5]al influ5ce :i* !y ex]t4 ,:y did n ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor place ?is g5]al pr9ciple z a %ield1 heav5-wr\ght & reason-approv$1 ov] t *]i%$ =m ( despotism :i* prevails among ! *ur*es ( ! ,s\?1 & leave ! peculi> in/itutions he is s =w>d to def5d1 "u its protection8 ,footnote ,a3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet1 p4#ab4 ,:at is ! g5]al pr9ciple to :i*1 :atev] may become ( despotism ) its hone/ admir]s & enlight5$ support]s1 human gov]nm5ts %\ld be univ]sally & c>efully adju/$8 ,cle>ly ?is--t z capable (1 man is entitl$ to1 self-gov]nm5t4 ,& ?is is a specific =m ( a /ill m g5]al pr9ciple1 :i* may well be pron\nc$ self-evid5t--t e ?+ %\ld be treat$ accord+ to its nature4 ,! m9d t c d\bt ( ?is1 mu/ be incapable ( rational conviction4 ,man1 !n1--x is ! dictate ( reason1 x is ! voice ( ,jehovah--mu/ be treat$ z a man4 ,:at is he8 ,:at are 8 di/9ctive attributes8 ,! ,creator impress$ 8 own image on him4 ,9 ?is 7 f\nd ! gr& peculi>ities ( 8 "*4 ,"h %one 8 glory4 ,"h ,,reason manife/s its laws4 ,"h ! ,,w puts =? its volitions4 ,"h is ! cr[n ( ,,immortality4 ,:y su* end[m5ts8 ,?us furni%$--! image ( ,jehovah--is he n capable ( self-gov]nm5t8 ,& is he n to be s treat$8 ,)9 ! sph]e :]e ! laws ( reason place him1 may he n act accord+ to 8 *oice--c>ry out 8 own volitions8--may he n enjoy life1 exult 9 fre$om & pursue z he w ! pa? ( bless$ness8 ,if n1 :y 0 he s creat$ & end[$8 ,:y ! my/]i\s1 awful attribute ( w8 ,to be a s\rce1 pr(\nd z ! dep?s ( hell1 ( exquisite mis]y1 ( ke5 angui%1 ( insuff]able torm5t6 ,0 man =m$ accord+ to ! image ( ,jehovah1 to be cross$1 ?w>t$1 c\nt]act$2 to be =c$ 9 ^u himself2 to be ! sport ( endless contradictions2 to be driv5 back & =? =ev] betwe5 mutually repellant =ces2 & all1 all at ! discretion ( ano!r6,a ,h[ c m5 be treat$ accord+ to 8 nature1 z end[$ ) reason or w1 if exclud$ f ! p[]s & privileges ( self gov]nm5t8--if despotism be let loose ^u him1 to deprive him ( p]sonal lib]ty1 oblige him to s]ve at ! discretion ( ano!r1 & ) ! p[] ( transf]r+ su* au?ority ov] him & su* claim ^u him1 to ano!r ma/]8 ,if ?\s&s ( enlight5$ & good m5 c s easily be f\nd1 :o are =w>d to support despotism z ( all gov]nm5ts ! be/ & mo/ acceptable to ,god1 we ne$ n wond] at ! te/imony ( univ]sal hi/ory1 t ! :ole creation groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n[4 ,groans & travail-pangs mu/ cont9ue to be ! ord] ( ! day ?r\gh\t ! :ole creation1 till ! rod ( despotism be brok51 & man be treat$ z man--z capable (1 & entitl$ to1 self-gov]nm5t4 ,footnote ,a3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet1 p4#ab ,b :at is ! despotism ^: horrid features our smoo? pr(essor tries to hide b5ea? an array ( cunn+ly-select$ words & nicely-adju/$ s5t5ces8 ,x is ! despotism ( ,am]ican slav]y--:i* cru%es ! v life ( humanity out ( its victims1 & trans=ms !m to cattle6 ,at its t\*1 !y s9k f m5 to ?+s6 ,slaves1 ) ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 7 prop]ty 9 ,greece & ,rome4 ,t decides all que/ions ab\t _! relation4 ,yes1 truly4 ,& slaves 9 republican ,am]ica are prop]ty2 & z t easily1 cle>ly1 & def9itely settles all que/ions ab\t _! relation1 :y %\ld ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor h put himself to ! tr\ble ( weav+ a def9ition equally +5i\s & inadequate--at once subtle & deceitful8 ,ah1 :y8 ,0 he will+ ?us to conceal ! wrongs ( 8 "m's *ildr5 ev5 f himself8 ,if among ! figm5ts ( 8 bra91 he c\ld fa%ion slaves1 & make !m some?+ else ?an prop]ty1 he knew full well t a v diff]5t patt]n 0 9 use among ! s\!rn patri>*s4 ,:y did he n1 9 pla9 words1 & sob] e>ne/1 & good fai?1 describe ! ?+ z x 01 in/ead ( employ+ honi$ words & c\rtly phrases1 to set =? ) all becom+ vagu5ess & ambiguity :at might possibly be suppos$ to exi/ 9 ! regions ( fancy4 ,,= ,,rul]s ,,are ,,n ,a ,,t]ror ,,to ,,good ,,works1 ,,b ,,to ,,! ,,evil4 ,b are we1 9 ma9ta9+ ! pr9ciple ( self-gov]nm5t1 to ov]look ! unripe1 or neglect$1 or brok5 p[]s ( any ( our fell[-m5 ) :om we may be connect$8--or ! /rong passions1 vici\s prop5sities1 or crim9al pursuit ( o!rs8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,b 9 provid+ = _! welf>e1 we are to ex]t influ5ces & impose re/ra9ts suit$ to _! "*4 ,9 wield+ ^? pr]ogatives :i* ! social ( our nature au?orizes u to employ = _! b5efit1 we are to reg>d !m z !y are 9 tru?1 n ?+s1 n cattle1 n articles ( m]*&ize1 b m51 our fell[-m5--reflect+1 f h[ev] batt]$ & brok5 a surface1 reflect+ ) u ! image ( a common ,fa!r4 ,& ! great pr9ciple ( self-gov]nm5t is to be ! basis1 to :i* ! :ole /ructure ( discipl9e "u :i* !y may be plac$1 %\ld be adapt$4 ,f ! nurs]y & village s*ool on to ! "w-h\se & /ate-prison1 ?is pr9ciple is ov] & 9 all ?+s to be be=e ! eyes1 pres5t 9 ! ?\ghts1 w>m on ! he>t4 ,o!rwise1 ,god is insult$1 :ile 8 image is despis$ & abus$4 ,yes1 inde$1 we rememb] t 9 c>ry+ out ! pr9ciple ( self-gov]nm5t1 multipli$ emb>rassm5ts & ob/ructions gr[ out ( wick$ness on ! "o h& & passion on ! o!r4 ,su* difficulties & ob/acles we are f> en\gh f ov]look+4 ,b :]e are !y to be f\nd8 ,are imbecility & wick$ness1 bad he>ts & bad heads1 conf9$ to ! bottom ( society8 ,alas1 ! weake/ ( ! weak1 & ! desp]ately wick$1 (t5 occupy ! high places ( ! e>?1 r$uc+ e ?+ )9 _! rea* to subs]vi5cy to ! f\le/ purposes4 ,nay1 ! v p[] !y h usurp$1 has (t5 be5 ! *ief in/rum5t ( turn+ _! heads1 inflam+ _! passions1 corrupt+ _! he>ts4 ,all ! _w kn[s1 t ! possession ( arbitr>y p[] has a /rong t5d5cy to make m5 %amelessly wick$ & insuff]ably mis*iev\s4 ,& ?is1 :e!r ! vassals ov] :om !y dom9e]1 be few or _m4 ,if y c n tru/ man ) himself1 w y put 8 fell[s "u 8 control8--& flee f ! inconv5i5ces incid5t to self-gov]nm5t1 to ! horrors ( despotism8 ,,?\ ,,t ,,prea*e/ ,a ,,man ,,%\ld ,,n ,,/eal1 ,,do/ ,,?\ ,,/eal4 ,is ! slavehold]1 ! mo/ absolute & %ameless ( all despots1 to be intru/$ ) ! discipl9e ( ! injur$ m5 :om he himself has r$uc$ to cattle8--) ! discipl9e by :i* !y are to be prep>$ to wield ! p[]s & enjoy ! privileges ( freem58 ,alas1 ( su* discipl9e z he c furni%1 9 ! relation ( own] to prop]ty1 !y h _h en\gh4 ,f ?is sprang ! v>y ignorance & vice1 :i* 9 ! view ( _m lie 9 ! way ( _! imm$iate enfran*isem5t4 ,he x is1 :o has d>k5$ _! eyes & crippl$ _! p[]s4 ,& are !y to look to him = illum9ation & r5ew$ vigor6--& expect grapes f ?orns & figs f ?i/les6 ,heav5 =bid6 ,:51 accord+ to arrangem5ts :i* _h usurp$ ! sacr$ "n ( law1 he cons5t$ to receive & use !m z prop]ty1 he =feit$ all claims to ! e/eem & confid5ce1 n only ( ! helpless suff]]s !mselves1 b also ( e philan?ropi/4 ,9 becom+ a slavehold]1 he became ! enemy ( mank9d4 ,! v act 0 a decl>ation ( w> ^u human man nature4 ,:at less c be made ( ! process ( turn+ m5 to cattle8 ,x is rank absurdity--x is ! height ( madness1 to propose to employ him to tra91 = ! places ( freem51 ^? :om he has wantonly robb$ ( e "r--:om he has /ol5 f !mselves4 ,soon] place ,burke1 :o us$ to murd] = ! sake ( sell+ bodies to ! dissector1 at ! head ( a hospital4 ,:y1 :at h our slavehold]s be5 ab\t ^! two hundr$ ye>s8 ,h !y n be5 con/antly & e>ne/ly engag$ 9 ! "w ( education8 --tra9+ up _! human cattle8 ,& h[8 ,?omas ,jeff]son %all answ]4 ,! :ole comm]ce betwe5 ma/] & slave1 is a p]petual ex]cise ( ! mo/ boi/]\s passions2 ! mo/ unremitt+ despotism on ! "o "p1 & degrad+ submission on ! o!r4 ,is ?is ! way to fit ! unprep>$ = ! duties & privileges ( ,am]ican citiz5s8 ,w ! evils ( ! dreadful process be dim9i%$ by add+ to x l5g?8 ,:at1 9 #ahah1 0 ! unanim\s te/imony ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*8 ,:y1 aft] describ+ a v>iety ( influ5ces gr[+ out ( slav]y1 mo/ fatal to m5tal & moral improvem5t1 ! ,g5]al ,assembly assure u1 t su* consequ5ces are n imag9>y1 b connect !mselves ,,) ,,! ,,v ,,exi/5ce ( slav]y4 ,! evils to :i* ! slave is always expos$1 (t5 take place 9 fact1 & ,,9 ,,_! ,,v ,,wor/ ,,degree ,,& ,,=m,a2 & :]e all ( !m d n take place1 /ill ! slave is depriv$ ( 8 natural "r1 degrad$ z a human be+1 & expos$ to ! dang] ( pass+ into ! h&s ( a ma/] :o may inflict ^u him all ! h>d%ips & injuries1 :i* inhumanity & av>ice may sugge/4 ,is ?is ! condition 9 :i* our ecclesia/ics w\ld keep ! slave1 at lea/ a little long]1 to fit him to be re/or$ to himself8 ,footnote ,a3 ,! words "h m>k$ z emphasis 7 s di/+ui%$ by ourselves4 ,,& ,,!y ,,/opp$ ,,_! ,,e>s4 ,! me?ods ( discipl9e "u :i*1 z slavehold]s1 ! ,s\?rons n[ place _! human cattle1 !y ) "o cons5t & 9 great wra?1 =bid u to exam9e4 ,! /atesman & ! prie/ unite 9 ! assurance1 t ^! me?ods are none ( our bus9ess4 ,nay1 !y give u di/9ctly to und]/&1 t if we come among !m to take obs]vations1 & make inquiries1 & discuss que/ions1 !y w dispose ( u z outlaws4 ,no?+ w avail to protect u f spe$y & deadly viol5ce6 ,:at inf]5ce does all ?is w>rant8 ,surely1 n t ! me?ods :i* !y employ are happy & wor?y ( univ]sal application4 ,if s1 :y d !y n take ! praise1 & give u ! b5efit1 ( _! wisdom1 ent]prise1 & success8 ,:o1 t has no?+ to hide1 practices concealm5t8--,he t doe? tru? come? to ! light1 t 8 de$s may be manife/1 t !y are wr\ght 9 ,god4 ,is ?is ! way ( slavehold]s8 ,d>kness !y c\rt--!y w h d>kness4 ,d\btless because _! de$s are evil4 ,c we confide 9 me?ods = ! b5efit ( our enslav$ bre?r51 :i* x is dea? = u to exam9e8 ,:et good ev] came1 :at good c we expect1 f de$s ( d>kness8 ,did ! influ5ce ( ! ma/]s contribute any ?+ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies2 to prep>e ! appr5tices = enfran*isem5t8 ,nay1 v]ily4 ,all ! _w kn[s bett]4 ,!y did :at 9 !m lay1 to turn back ! tide ( bless+s1 :i* ?r\gh emancipation 0 p\r+ 9 ^u ! fami%+ ar\nd !m4 ,are n ! be/ m9ds & he>ts 9 ,engl& n[ ?or\ghly conv9c$1 t slav]y1 "u no modification1 c be a s*ool = fre$om8 ,we say su* ?+s to ! _m :o all$ge1 t slaves c n at once be entru/$ ) ! p[]s & privileges ( self-gov]nm5t4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 !y c n be bett] qualifi$ "u ! influ5ce ( slav]y4 ,t mu/ be brok5 up f :i* _! ignorance1 & vici\sness1 & wret*$ness proce$$4 ,t :i* c only d :at x has always done1 pollute & degrade1 mu/ n be employ$ to purify & elevate4 ,! l[] _! "* & condition1 ! l\d]1 cle>]1 /]n]1 ! j dem& = imm$iate emancipation4 ,! plague-smitt5 suff]] c d]ive no b5efit f brea?+ a little long] an infect$ atmosph]e4 ,9 ?us ref]r+ to elem5tal pr9ciples--9 ?us avail+ ourselves ( ! light ( self-evid5t tru?s--we b[ to ! au?ority & tread 9 ! foot-pr9ts ( ! great ,tea*]4 ,he *id ^? ar\nd him = refus+ to make ! same use ( _! reason 9 promot+ _! spiritual1 z !y made 9 promot+ _! temporal welf>e4 ,he gives !m di/9ctly to und]/&1 t !y ne$ n g out ( !mselves to =m a j e/imation ( _! position1 duties1 & prospects1 z /&+ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,messiah4 ,:y1 ,,ev5 ,,( ,,y\rselves1 he dem&s ( !m1 judge ye n :at is "r8,a ,h[ c\ld !y1 unless !y _h a cle> light1 & an infallible /&>d )9 !m1 :]eby1 amid/ ! relations !y su/a9$ & ! int]e/s !y _h to provide =1 !y might discrim9ate betwe5 tru? & falsehood1 "r & wrong1 :at !y ought to attempt & :at !y ought to es*ew8 ,f ?is po9t$1 significant appeal ( ! ,savior1 x is cle> & c]ta91 t 9 human consci\sness may be f\nd self-evid5t tru?s1 self-manife/$ pr9ciples2 t e man1 /udy+ 8 own consci\sness1 is b\nd to recognize _! pres5ce & au?ority1 & 9 sob] e>ne/ & good fai? to apply !m to ! highe/ practical conc]ns ( life & godl9ess4 ,x is 9 ob$i5ce to ! ,bible1 t we apply self-evid5t tru?s1 & walk 9 ! light ( g5]al pr9ciples4 ,:5 our fa!rs proclaim$ ^! tru?s1 & at ! haz>d ( _! prop]ty1 reputation1 & life1 /ood up 9 _! def5se1 !y did homage to ! sacr$ ,scriptures--!y honor$ ! ,bible4 ,9 t volume1 n a syllable c be f\nd to ju/ify t =m ( infidelity1 :i* 9 ! abus$ "n ( piety1 reproa*es u = practic+ ! lessons :i* nature tea*e?4,b ,^! lessons1 ! ,bible requires u rev]5tly to li/5 to1 e>ne/ly to appropriate1 & mo/ dilig5tly & fai?fully to act ^u 9 e direction & on all occasions4 ,footnote ,a3 ,luke xii4 #fg4 ,footnote ,b3 #a ,cor4 xi4 #ad4 ,:y1 our ,savior goes s f> 9 do+ honor to reason1 z to enc\rage m5 univ]sally to dispose ( ! *>act]i/ic peculi>ities & di/9ctive features ( ! ,gospel 9 ! light ( its pr9ciples4 ,if any man w d 8 w1 he %all "k ( ! doctr9e1 :e!r x be ( ,god1 or :e!r ,i speak ( myself4,c ,natural religion--! pr9ciples :i* nature reveals1 & ! lessons :i* nature tea*es--he ?us makes a te/ ( ! tru? & au?ority ( reveal$ religion4 ,s f> 0 he1 z a tea*]1 f %r9k+ f ! cle>e/ & mo/ pi]c+ rays ( reason--f call+ (f ! att5tion ( ^? ar\nd him f ! import1 be>+s1 & practical application ( g5]al pr9ciple4 ,& ^? :o w\ld h u escape f ! pressure ( self-evid5t tru?s1 by betak+ ourselves to ! doctr9es & precepts ( ,*ri/ianity1 :atev] airs ( piety !y may put on1 d f\l di%onor to ! ,savior ( mank9d4 ,footnote ,c3 ,john vii4 #ag4 ,& :at %all we say ( ! ,gold5 ,rule1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,savior1 compreh5ds all ! precepts ( ! ,bible8 ,:atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s to !m2 = ?is is ! law & ! prophets4 ,accord+ to ?is maxim1 9 human consci\sness1 univ]sally1 may be f\nd1 #a4 ,! /&>d :]eby1 9 all ! relations & circum/ances ( life1 we may det]m9e :at ,heav5 dem&s & expects ( u4 #b4 ,! j application ( ?is /&>d1 is practicable =1 & obligatory ^u1 e *ild ( ,adam4 #c4 ,! qualification requisite to a j application ( ?is rule to all ! cases 9 :i* we c be conc]n$1 is simply ?is--to reg>d all ! memb]s ( ! human family z our bre?r51 our equals4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,savior "h tea*es u1 t 9 ! pr9ciples & laws ( reason1 we h an infallible guide 9 all ! relations & circum/ances ( life2 t no?+ c h9d] our foll[+ ?is guide1 b ! bias ( selfi%ness2 & t ! mom5t1 9 decid+ any moral "q1 we place ourselves 9 ! room ( our bro!r1 be=e ! b> ( reason1 we %all see :at decision ought to be pron\nc$4 ,does ?is1 9 ! ,savior1 look l flee+ self-evid5t tru?s6--l decry+ ! au?ority ( g5]al pr9ciples6--l exalt+ himself at ! exp5se ( reason6--l op5+ a refuge 9 ! ,gospel = ^? ^: practice is at v>iance ) ! dictates ( humanity6 ,:at !n is ! j application ( ! ,gold5 ,rule--t fundam5tal maxim ( ! ,gospel1 giv+ "* to1 & %$d+ light ^u1 all its precepts & arrangem5ts--to ! subject ( slav]y8--t we mu/ d to slaves z we w\ld be done by1 ,,z ,,slaves1 ! ,,relation itself be+ ju/ifi$ & cont9u$8 ,surely n4 ,a little reflection w enable u to see1 t ! ,gold5 ,rule rea*es f>!r 9 its dem&s1 & /rikes deep] 9 its influ5ces & op]ations4 ,! natural equality ( mank9d lies at ! v basis ( ?is great precept4 ,x obvi\sly requires e man to ackn[l$ge ano!r self 9 e o!r man4 ,) my p[]s & res\rces1 & 9 my appropriate circum/ances1 ,i am to recognize 9 any *ild ( ,adam :o may address me1 ano!r self 9 8 appropriate circum/ances & ) 8 p[]s & res\rces4 ,?is is ! natural equality ( mank9d2 & ?is ! ,gold5 ,rule requires u to admit1 def5d1 & ma9ta94 ,,:y ,,d ,,ye ,,n ,,und]/& ,,my ,,spee*2 ,,ev5 ,,because ,,ye ,,c ,,n ,,he> ,,my ,,^w4 ,!y /rangely misund]/& & grossly misrepres5t ?is doctr9e1 :o *>ge ^u x ! absurdities & mis*iefs :i* any levell+ sy/em c n b produce4 ,9 all its be>+s1 t5d5cies1 & effects1 x is directly contr>y & p[]fully ho/ile to any su* sy/em4 ,,equality ,,( ,,rights1 ! doctr9e ass]ts2 & ?is necess>ily op5s ! way = v>iety ( condition4 ,9 o!r words1 e *ild ( ,adam has1 f ! ,creator1 ! inali5able "r ( wield+1 )9 reasonable limits1 8 own p[]s1 & employ+ 8 own res\rces1 accord+ to 8 own *oice2 :ile he respects 8 social relations1 to promote z he w 8 own welf>e4 ,b m>k--,,8 ,,own p[]s & res\rces1 & ,,n ,,ano!r',s1 are ?us inali5ably put "u 8 control4 ,! ,creator makes e man free1 9 :atev] he may d1 to ex]t ,,himself1 & n ano!r4 ,"h no man may lawfully cripple or emb>rass ano!r4 ,! feeble may n h9d] ! /rong1 nor may ! /rong cru% ! feeble4 ,e man may make ! mo/ ( himself2 9 8 own prop] sph]e4 ,n[1 z 9 ! con/itutional end[m5ts1 & natural opportunities1 & lawful acquisitions ( mank9d1 inf9ite v>iety prevails1 s 9 ex]t+ ea* ,,himself1 9 8 own sph]e1 accord+ to 8 own *oice1 ! v>iety ( human condition c be little less ?an inf9ite4 ,?us equality ( rights op5s ! way = v>iety ( condition4 ,b ) all ?is v>iety ( make1 means1 & condition1 consid]$ individually1 ! *ildr5 ( ,adam are b\nd toge!r by /rong ties :i* c nev] be dissolv$4 ,!y are mutually unit$ by ! social ( _! nature4 ,h5ce mutual dep5d5ce & mutual claims4 ,:ile ea* is inali5ably entitl$ to ass]t & enjoy 8 own p]sonality z a man1 ea* su/a9s to all & all to ea*1 v>i\s relations4 ,:ile ea* owns & honors ! individual1 all are to own & honor ! social ( _! nature4 ,n[1 ! ,gold5 ,rule di/9ctly recognizes1 lays its requisitions ^u1 & ext5ds its obligations to1 ! :ole nature ( man1 9 8 individual capacities & social relations4 ,:at high] honor c\ld x d to man1 z an individual1 ?an to con/itute him ! judge1 by ^: decision1 :5 fairly r5d]$1 all ! claims ( 8 fell[s %\ld be au?oritatively & def9itely dispos$ (8 ,:atsoev] ,,ye ,,w\ld h done to y1 s d ye to o!rs4 ,e memb] ( ! family ( ,adam1 plac+ himself 9 ! position "h po9t$ out1 is compet5t & au?oriz$ to pass judgm5t on all ! cases 9 social life 9 :i* he may be conc]n$4 ,c\ld high] responsibilities or great] confid5ce be repos$ 9 m5 individually8 ,& !n1 h[ are _! claims ^u ea* o!r h]e9 magnifi$6 ,:at inh]5t wor? & solid dignity are ascrib$ to ! social ( _! nature6 ,9 e man ) :om ,i may h to d1 ,i am to recognize ! pres5ce ( ano!r self1 ^: case ,i am to make my own4 ,& ?us ,i am to dispose ( :atev] claims he may urge ^u me4 ,?us1 9 accordance ) ! ,gold5 ,rule1 mank9d are naturally br\ght1 9 ! volunt>y use ( _! p[]s & res\rces1 to promote ea* o!r's welf>e4 ,z 8 contribution to ?is great object1 x is ! inali5able bir?-"r ( e *ild ( ,adam1 to consecrate :atev] he may possess4 ,) exalt$ p[]s & l>ge res\rces1 he has a natural claim to a correspond5t field ( ef=t4 ,if 8 abilities are small1 8 task mu/ be easy & 8 burd5 light4 ,?us ! ,gold5 ,rule requires mank9d mutually to s]ve ea* o!r4 ,9 ?is s]vice1 ea* is to ex]t himself--employ 8 own p[]s1 lay out 8 own res\rces1 improve 8 own opportunities4 ,a division ( labor is ! natural result4 ,"o is rem>kable = 8 intellectual end[m5ts & acquisitions2 ano!r1 = 8 weal?2 & a ?ird1 = p[] & skill 9 us+ 8 muscles4 ,su* attributes1 endlessly v>i$ & div]sifi$1 proce$ f ! basis ( a common "*1 by virtue ( :i* all m5 & ea*--"o z truly z ano!r--are entitl$1 z a bir?-"r1 to life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,ea* & all1 "o z well z ano!r1 may *oose 8 own modes ( contribut+ 8 %>e to ! g5]al welf>e1 9 :i* 8 own is involv$ & id5tifi$4 ,"u "o great law ( mutual dep5d5ce & mutual responsibility1 all are plac$--! /rong z well z ! weak1 ! ri* z mu* z ! poor1 ! le>n$ no less ?an ! unle>n$4 ,all br+ _! w>es1 ! products ( _! ent]prise1 skill & indu/ry1 to ! same m>ket1 :]e mutual ex*anges are freely effect$4 ,! fruits ( muscul> ex]tion procure ! fruits ( m5tal ef=t4 ,john s]ves ,?omas ) 8 h&s1 & ,?omas s]ves ,john ) 8 money4 ,pet] wields ! axe = ,james1 & ,james wields ! p5 = ,pet]4 ,moses1 ,jo%ua1 & ,caleb1 employ _! wisdom1 c\rage1 & exp]i5ce1 9 ! s]vice ( ! community1 & ! community s]ve ,moses1 ,jo%ua1 & ,caleb1 9 furni%+ !m ) food & raim5t1 & mak+ !m p>tak]s ( ! g5]al prosp]ity4 ,& all ?is by mutual und]/&+ & volunt>y arrangem5t4 ,& all ?is accord+ to ! ,gold5 ,rule4 ,:at !n becomes ( slav]y--a sy/em ( arrangem5ts1 9 :i* "o man treats 8 fell[1 n z ano!r self1 b z a ?+--a *attel--an article ( m]*&ize1 :i* is n to be consult$ 9 any disposition :i* may be made ( x2--a sy/em :i* is built on ! annihilation ( ! attributes ( our common nature--9 :i* man do? to o!rs1 :at he w\ld soon] die ?an h done to himself8 ,! ,gold5 ,rule & slav]y are mutually subv]sive ( ea* o!r4 ,if "o /&s1 ! o!r mu/ fall4 ,! "o /rikes at ! v root ( ! o!r4 ,! ,gold5 ,rule aims at ! abolition ( ,,! ,,relation ,,itself1 9 :i* slav]y consi/s4 ,x lays its dem&s ^u e ?+ )9 ! scope ( human action4 ,to :atev] ,,m5 ,,d1 x ext5ds its au?ority4 ,& ! relation itself1 9 :i* slav]y consi/s1 is ! "w ( human h&s4 ,x is :at m5 h done to ea* o!r--contr>y to nature & mo/ injuri\s to ! g5]al welf>e4 ,,?is ,,relation1 !re=e1 ! ,gold5 ,rule condemns4 ,:]ev] its au?ority prevails1 ?is relation mu/ be annihilat$4 ,mutual s]vice & slav]y--l light & d>kness1 life & dea?--are directly oppos$ to1 & subv]sive (1 ea* o!r4 ,! "o ! ,gold5 ,rule c n endure2 ! o!r x requires1 honors1 & blesses4 ,,love ,,worke? ,,no ,,ill ,,to ,,8 ,,neighbor4 ,l unto ! ,gold5 ,rule is ! second great comm&m5t--,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,a c]ta9 lawy]1 :o seems to h be5 fond ( apply+ ! doctr9e ( limitation ( human obligations1 once dem&$ ( ! ,savior1 )9 :at limits ! me%+ ( ! ^w neighbor ought to be conf9$4 ,& :o is my neighbor8 ,! p>able ( ! good ,sam>itan set t matt] 9 ! cle>e/ light1 & made x manife/ & c]ta91 t e man :om we c\ld rea* ) our sympa?y & assi/ance1 0 our neighbor1 entitl$ to ! same reg>d :i* we *]i%$ = ourselves4 ,consi/5tly ) su* obligations1 c slav]y1 z a ,,relation1 be ma9ta9$8 ,is x !n a labor ( love--su* love z we *]i% = ourselves--to /rip a *ild ( ,adam ( all ! pr]ogatives & privileges :i* are 8 inali5able bir?-"r8--,to obscure 8 reason1 cru% 8 w1 & trample on 8 immortality8--,to /rike home to ! inmo/ ( 8 be+1 & break ! he>t ( 8 he>t8--,to ?ru/ him out ( ! human family1 & dispose ( him z a *attel--z a ?+ 9 ! h&s ( an own]1 a bea/ "u ! la% ( a driv]8 ,all ?is1 ap>t f e ?+ incid5tal & extraord9>y1 belongs to ! ,,relation1 9 :i* slav]y1 z su*1 consi/s4 ,all ?is--well f$ or ill f$1 und]wr\ght or ov]wr\ght1 clo!d or nak$1 c>ess$ or kick$1 :e!r idle songs break f 8 ?\ghtless tongue or te>s be 8 meat night & day1 fondly *]i%$ or cruelly murd]$2--all ?is ,,ent]s ,,vitally ,,into ,,! ,,relation ,,itself1 by :i* e slave1 ,,z ,a ,,slave1 is set ap>t f ! re/ ( ! human family4 ,is x an ex]cise ( love1 to place our neighbor "u ! cru%+ weight1 ! kill+ p[]1 ( su* a relation8--to apply ! murd]\s /eel to ! v vitals ( 8 humanity8 ,,ye ,,!re=e ,,applaud ,,& ,,delight ,,9 ,,! ,,de$s ,,( ,,y\r ,,fa!rs2 ,,= ,,!y ,,kill$ ,,!m1 ,,& ,,ye ,,build ,,_! ,,sepul*res4,a ,! slavehold] may eag]ly & l\dly d5y1 t any su* ?+ is *>geable ^u him4 ,he may confid5tly & e>ne/ly all$ge1 t he is n responsible = ! /ate ( society 9 :i* he is plac$4 ,slav]y 0 e/abli%$ be=e he began to brea!4 ,x 0 8 inh]itance4 ,8 slaves are 8 prop]ty by bir? or te/am5t4 ,b :y w he ?us deceive himself8 ,:y w he p]mit ! cunn+ & rapaci\s spid]s1 :i* 9 ! v sanctu>y ( e?ics & religion are labori\sly weav+ webs f _! own b[els1 to cat* him ) _! wret*$ sophi/ries8--& dev\r him1 body1 s\l1 & sub/ance8 ,let him "k1 z he mu/ "o day ) %ame & t]ror own1 t :oev] holds slaves is himself responsible = ! relation1 into :i*1 :e!r reluctantly or will+ly1 he ?us ent]s4 ,! relation c n be =c$ ^u him4 ,:at ?\gh ,elizabe? c\nt5anc$ ,john ,hawk9s 9 /eal+ ! natives ( ,africa8--:at ?\gh ,james1 & ,*>les1 & ,george1 op5$ a m>ket = !m 9 ! ,engli% colonies8--:at ?\gh mod]n ,dracos h fram$ mis*ief by law1 9 legaliz+ man-/eal+ & slavehold+8--:at ?\gh y\r ance/ors1 9 prep>+ to g to _! own place1 con/itut$ y ! own] ( ! neighbors :om !y _h us$ z cattle8--:at ( all ?is1 & z mu* m l ?is1 z c be drawn f ! hi/ory ( t dreadful process by :i* m5 are deem$1 sold1 tak51 reput$1 & adjudg$ 9 law to be *attels p]sonal8 ,c all ?is =ce y to put ! cap ^u ! climax--to cl9* ! nail by do+ t1 )\t :i* no?+ 9 ! "w ( slave-mak+ w\ld be attempt$8 ,! slavehold] is ! s\l ( ! :ole sy/em4 ,)\t him1 ! *attel pr9ciple is a lifeless ab/raction4 ,)\t him1 *>t]s1 & m>kets1 & laws1 & te/am5ts1 are empty names4 ,& does he ?9k to escape responsibility8 ,:y1 kidnapp]s1 & s\l-driv]s1 & law-mak]s1 are no?+ b 8 ag5ts4 ,he is ! guilty pr9cipal4 ,let him look to x4 ,footnote ,a3 ,y jo9 ) !m 9 _! bloody "w4 ,!y murd]1 & y bury ! victims4 ,b :at c he d8 ,d8 ,keep 8 h&s (f 8 neighbor's ?roat4 ,let him refuse to f9i% & ratify ! process by :i* ! *attel pr9ciple is c>ri$ into effect4 ,let him refuse1 9 ! face ( d]ision1 & reproa*1 & opposition4 ,?\gh pov]ty %\ld fa/5 its bony h& ^u him1 & p]secution %oot =? its =k$ tongue2 :atev] may betide him--scorn1 flight1 flames--let him promptly & /eadfa/ly refuse4 ,bett] ! spite & hate ( m5 ?an ! wra? ( ,heav56 ,if ?y "r eye (f5d !e1 pluck x out & ca/ x f !e2 = x is pr(itable = !e1 t "o ( ?y memb]s %\ld p]i%1 & n t ?y :ole body %\ld be ca/ into hell4 ,pr(4 ,/u>t admits1 t ! ,gold5 ,rule & ! second great comm&m5t decide aga9/ ! !ory ( slav]y z be+ 9 itself "r4 ,:at1 !n1 is _! relation to ! p>ticul> precepts1 in/itutions1 & usages1 :i* are au?oriz$ & enjo9$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,( all ^!1 !y are ! summ>y expression--! compreh5sive description4 ,no precept 9 ! ,bible en=c+ our mutual obligations1 c be m or less ?an ! application ( ^! injunctions to specific relations or p>ticul> occasions & conditions4 ,nei!r 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t nor ! ,new1 d prophets tea* or laws enjo91 any ?+ :i* ! ,gold5 ,rule & ! second great comm& d n conta94 ,:atev] !y =bid1 no o!r precept c require2 & :atev] !y require1 no o!r precept c =bid4 ,:at1 !n1 does he attempt1 :o turns ov] ! sacr$ pages to f9d some?+ 9 ! way ( p]mission or comm&1 :i* may set him free f ! obligations ( ! ,gold5 ,rule8 ,:at mu/ 8 objects1 me?ods1 _s be1 to =ce him to ent] ^u su* inquiries8--to compel him to se>* ! ,bible = su* a purpose8 ,c he h good int5tions1 or be well employ$8 ,is 8 frame ( m9d adapt$ to ! /udy ( ! ,bible8--to make its mean+ pla9 & welcome8 ,:at mu/ he ?9k ( ,god1 to se>* 8 ^w 9 que/ ( gross inconsi/5cies & grave contradictions6 ,inconsi/5t legislation 9 ,jehovah6 ,contradictory comm&s6 ,p]missions at w> ) prohibitions6 ,g5]al requirem5ts at v>iance ) p>ticul> arrangem5ts6 ,:at mu/ be ! moral "* ( any in/itution :i* ! ,gold5 ,rule decides aga9/8--:i* ! second great comm& condemns8 ,x c n b be wick$1 :e!r newly e/abli%$ or long ma9ta9$4 ,h[ev] x may be %ap$1 turn$1 color$--"u e modification & at all times--wick$ness mu/ be its prop] "*4 ,x mu/ be1 ,,9 ,,itself1 ap>t f its circum/ances1 ,,9 ,,its ,,ess5ce1 ap>t f its incid5ts1 ,,s9ful4 ,,?9k ,,n ,,to ,,say ,,)9 ,,y\rselves1 ,,we ,,h ,,abraham ,,= ,,our ,,fa!r4 ,9 dispos+ ( ^? precepts & exhortations :i* h a specific be>+ ^u ! subject ( slav]y1 x is greatly important1 nay1 absolutely ess5tial1 t we look =? ^u ! objects ar\nd u1 f ! "r po/ ( obs]vation4 ,our /& we mu/ take at "s c5tral po9t1 amid/ ! g5]al maxims & fundam5tal precepts1 ! kn[n circum/ances & *>act]i/ic arrangem5ts1 ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,o!rwise1 wrong views & false conclusions w be ! result ( our /udies4 ,we c n1 !re=e1 be too e>ne/ 9 try+ to cat* ! g5]al features & preval5t _s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t in/itutions & arrangem5ts4 ,= to :at conclusions mu/ we come1 if we unwitt+ly pursue our inquires "u ! bias ( ! prejudice1 t ! g5]al maxims ( social life :i* n[ prevail 9 ?is c\ntry1 7 curr5t1 on ! au?ority ( ! ,savior1 among ! primitive ,*ri/ians6 ,t1 = in/ance1 weal?1 /ation1 tal5ts1 are ! /&>d by :i* our claims ^u1 & our reg>d =1 o!rs1 %\ld be modifi$8--,t ^? :o are p9*$ by pov]ty1 worn by disease1 task$ 9 m5ial labors1 or m>k$ by features (f5sive to ! ta/e ( ! artificial & caprici\s1 are to be exclud$ f ^? refre%+ & elevat+ influ5ces :i* intellig5ce & ref9em5t may be expect$ to ex]t2 t ?us !y are to con/itute a class by !mselves1 & to be made to "k & keep _! place at ! v bottom ( society8 ,or1 :at if we %\ld ?9k & speak ( ! primitive ,*ri/ians1 z if !y _h ! same pecuni>y res\rces z ,heav5 has lavi%$ ^u ! ,am]ican *ur*es8--z if !y 7 z rem>kable = afflu5ce1 elegance1 & spl5dor8 ,or1 z if !y _h z high a position & z ext5sive an influ5ce 9 politics & lit]ature8--hav+ directly or indirectly1 ! control ov] ! high places ( le>n+ & ( p[]8 ,if we %\ld pursue our /udies & arrange our argum5ts--if we %\ld expla9 words & int]pret language--"u su* a bias1 :at mu/ inevitably be ! results8 ,:at w\ld be ! wor? ( our conclusions8 ,:at confid5ce c\ld be repos$ 9 any in/ruction we might und]take to furni%8 ,& is n ?is ! way 9 :i* ! advocates & apologi/s ( slav]y dispose ( ! be>+ :i* primitive ,*ri/ianity has ^u x8 ,!y fir/ ascribe1 unwitt+ly p]haps1 to ! primitive *ur*es1 ! "*1 relations1 & condition1 ( ,am]ican ,*ri/ianity1 & amid/ ! deep d>kness & /range confusion ?us produc$1 set ab\t int]pret+ ! language & expla9+ ! usages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t6 ,,s ,,t ,,ye ,,are ,,)\t ,,excuse4 ,among ! lessons ( in/ruction :i* our ,savior imp>t$1 hav+ a g5]al be>+ on ! subject ( slav]y1 t 9 :i* he sets up ! true /&>d ( greatness1 des]ves p>ticul> att5tion4 ,9 repress+ ! ambition ( 8 disciples1 he held up be=e !m ! me?ods by :i* alone heal?ful aspirations = em95ce c\ld be gratifi$1 & ?us set ! elem5ts ( true greatness 9 ! cle>e/ light4 ,ye "k1 t !y :i* are acc\nt$ to rule ov] ! ,g5tiles1 ex]cise lord%ip ov] !m2 & _! great ones ex]cise au?ority ^u !m4 ,b s %all x n be among y2 b :osoev] w be great among y1 %all be y\r m9i/]2 & :osoev] ( y w be *iefe/1 %all be s]vant ( all4 ,9 o!r words1 ?r\gh ! selfi%ness & pride ( mank9d1 ! maxim widely prevails 9 ! _w1 t x is ! privilege1 pr]ogative1 & m>k ( greatness1 ,,to ,,exact ,,s]vice2 t our sup]iority to o!rs1 :ile x au?orizes u to relax ! ex]tion ( our own p[]s1 gives u a fair title to ! use ( !irs2 t might1 :ile x exempts u f s]v+1 gives ! "r to be s]v$4 ,! in/ructions ( ! ,savior op5 ! way to greatness = u 9 ! opposite direction4 ,sup]iority to o!rs1 9 :atev] x may consi/1 gives u a claim to a wid] field ( ex]tion1 & dem&s ( u a l>g] am\nt ( s]vice4 ,we c be great only z we are useful4 ,& might gives "r to bless our fell[ m51 by improv+ e opportunity & employ+ e faculty1 affectionately1 e>ne/ly1 & unwe>i$ly1 9 _! s]vice4 ,?us ! great] ! man1 ! m active1 fai?ful1 & useful ! s]vant4 ,! ,savior has himself taught u h[ ?is doctr9e mu/ be appli$4 ,he bids u improve e opportunity & employ e p[]1 ev51 ?r\gh ! mo/ m5ial s]vices1 9 bless+ ! human family4 ,& to make ?is lesson %9e ^u our und]/&+s & move our he>ts1 he embodi$ x 9 a mo/ in/ructive & attractive example4 ,on a memorable occasion1 & j be=e 8 crucifixion1 he dis*>g$ = 8 disciples ! mo/ m5ial ( all (fices--tak+1 9 wa%+ _! feet1 ! place ( ! l[e/ s]vant4 ,he took great pa9s to make !m und]/&1 t only by imitat+ ?is example c\ld !y honor _! relations to him z _! ,ma/]2 t ?us only w\ld !y f9d !mselves bless$4 ,by :at possibility c\ld slav]y exi/ "u ! influ5ce ( su* a lesson1 set home by su* an example8 ,0 x :ile wa%+ ! disciples' feet1 t our ,savior au?oriz$ "o man to make a *attel ( ano!r8 ,to refuse to provide = ourselves by useful labor1 ! apo/le ,paul tea*es u to reg>d z a grave (f5ce4 ,aft] rem9d+ ! ,!ssalonian ,*ri/ians1 t 9 addition to all 8 (ficial ex]tions he _h ) 8 own muscles e>n$ 8 own bread1 he calls _! att5tion to an arrangem5t :i* 0 support$ by apo/olical au?ority1 t if any w\ld n "w1 nei!r %\ld he eat4 ,9 ! mo/ e>ne/ & solemn mann]1 & z a m9i/] ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 he comm&$ & exhort$ ^? :o neglect$ useful labor1 ) quietness to "w & eat _! own bread4 ,:at mu/ be ! be>+ ( all ?is ^u slav]y8 ,c\ld slav]y be ma9ta9$ :]e e man eat ! bread :i* himself _h e>n$8--:]e idl5ess 0 e/eem$ s great a crime1 z to be reckon$ wor?y ( />vation z a puni%m5t8 ,h[ c\ld unrequit$ labor be exact$1 or us$1 or ne$$8 ,mu/ n e "o 9 su* a community contribute 8 %>e to ! g5]al welf>e8--& mutual s]vice & mutual support be ! natural result8 ,! same apo/le1 9 writ+ to ano!r *ur*1 describes ! true s\rce :5ce ! means ( lib]ality ought to be d]iv$4 ,let him t /ole /eal no m2 b r let him labor1 work+ ) 8 h&s ! ?+ :i* is good1 t he may h to give to him t ne$e?4 ,let ?is lesson1 z f ! lips ( ,jehovah1 be proclaim$ ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,let x be univ]sally welcom$ & r$uc$ to practice4 ,let ?ieves give up :at !y _h /ol5 to ! lawful proprietors1 cease /eal+1 & beg9 at once to labor1 work+ ) _! h&s1 = necess>y & *>itable purposes4 ,c\ld slav]y1 9 su* a case1 cont9ue to exi/8 ,surely n6 ,in/ead ( exact+ unpaid s]vices f o!rs1 e man w\ld be busy1 ex]t+ himself n only to provide = 8 own wants1 b also to accumulate funds1 t he might h to give to ! ne$y4 ,slav]y mu/ disappe>1 root & bran*1 at once & =ev]4 ,9 describ+ ! s\rce :5ce 8 m9i/]s %\ld expect _! support1 ! ,savior furni%$ a g5]al pr9ciple1 :i* has an obvi\s & p[]ful be>+ on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,he w\ld h !m rememb]1 :ile ex]t+ !mselves = ! b5efit ( _! fell[ m51 t ! labor] is wor?y ( 8 hire4 ,he has ?us unit$ wages ) "w4 ,:oev] r5d]s ! "o is entitl$ to ! o!r4 ,& ?is manife/ly accord+ to a mutual und]/&+ & a volunt>y arrangem5t4 ,= ! doctr9e t ,i may =ce y to "w = me = :atev] consid]ation ,i may please to fix ^u1 fairly op5s ! way = ! doctr9e1 t y1 9 turn1 may =ce me to r5d] y :atev] wages y may *oose to exact = any s]vices y may see fit to r5d]4 ,?us slav]y1 ev5 z involunt>y s]vitude1 is cut up by ! root4 ,ev5 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor seems to reg>d x z a violation ( ! pr9ciple :i* unites "w ) wages4 ,! apo/le ,james applies ?is pr9ciple to ! claims ( manual labor]s--( ^? :o hold ! pl\gh & ?ru/ 9 ! sickle4 ,he calls ! ri* lordl+s :o exact$ sweat & )held wages1 to weep+ & h[l+1 assur+ !m t ! compla9ts ( ! injur$ labor] _h ent]$ into ! e> ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s1 & t1 z a result ( _! oppression1 _! ri*es 7 corrupt$1 & _! g>m5ts mo?-eat52 _! gold & silv] 7 cank]$2 t ! re/ ( !m %\ld be a witness aga9/ !m1 & %\ld eat _! fle% z x 7 fire2 t1 9 "o ^w1 !y _h heap$ treasure toge!r = ! la/ days1 :5 mis]ies 7 com+ ^u !m1 ! prospect ( :i* might well dr5* !m 9 te>s & fill !m ) t]ror4 ,if ^! admonition & w>n+s 7 he$$ !re1 w\ld n ! ,s\? break =? into weep+ & wail+1 & gna%+ ( tee?8 ,:at else are its ri* m5 ab\t1 b )hold+ by a sy/em ( fraud1 8 wages f ! labor]1 :o is we>+ himself out "u ! impulse ( fe>1 9 cultivat+ _! fields & produc+ _! luxuries8 ,enc\ragem5t & support d !y d]ive f ,james1 9 ma9ta9+ ! peculi> in/itution :5ce !y d]iv$ _! weal?1 :i* !y call patri>*al1 & boa/ ( z ! corn]-/one ( ! republic8 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 we h1 moreov]1 ! g5]al injunction1 ,honor all m54 ,"u ?is broad precept1 e =m ( humanity may ju/ly claim protection & respect4 ,! invasion ( any human "r mu/ d di%onor to humanity1 & be a transgression ( ?is comm&4 ,h[ !n1 9 ! light ( su* obligations1 mu/ slav]y be reg>d$8 ,are ^? m5 honor$1 :o are rudely exclud$ f a place 9 ! human family1 & %ut up to ! deep degradation & nameless horrors ( *attel%ip8 ,c !y be held z slaves1 & at ! same "t be honor$ z m58 ,h[ f>1 9 obey+ ?is comm&1 we are to g1 we may inf] f ! admonitions & in/ructions :i* ,james applies to ! arrangem5ts & usages ( religi\s assemblies4 ,into ^! he c n all[ respect ( p]sons to ent]4 ,my bre?r51 he exclaims1 h n ! fai? ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,"l ( glory1 ) respect ( p]sons4 ,= if !re come unto y\r assembly a man ) a gold r+1 9 goodly app>el2 & !re come 9 also a poor man 9 vile raim5t2 & ye h respect to him t we>e? ! gay clo?+1 & say unto him1 sit ?\ "h 9 a good place2 & say to ! poor1 /& ?\ !re1 or sit "h "u my foot/ool2 are ye n !n p>tial 9 y\rselves1 & are become judges ( evil ?\ghts8 ,if ye h respect to p]sons1 ye commit s91 & are conv9c$ ( ! law z transgressors4 ,on ?is g5]al pr9ciple1 !n1 religi\s assemblies ought to be regulat$--t e man is to be e/imat$1 n accord+ to 8 circum/ances--n accord+ to any ?+ incid5tal to 8 condition2 b accord+ to 8 moral wor?--accord+ to ! ess5tial features & vital elem5ts ( 8 "*4 ,gold r+s & gay clo?+1 z !y qualify no man =1 c entitle no man to1 a good place 9 ! *ur*4 ,nor c ! vile raim5t ( ! poor man1 fairly exclude him f any sph]e1 h[ev] exalt$1 :i* 8 he>t & head may fit him to fill4 ,to d5y ?is1 9 !ory or practice1 is to degrade a man bel[ a ?+2 = :at are gold r+s1 or gay clo?+1 or vile raim5t1 b ?+s1 :i* p]i% ) ! us+8 ,& ?is mu/ be to commit s91 & be conv9c$ ( ! law z transgressors4 ,9 slav]y1 we h respect ( p]sons1 /rongly m>k$1 & r$uc$ to sy/em4 ,"h m5 are despis$ n m]ely = ! vile raim5t1 :i* may cov] _! sc>r$ bodies4 ,?is is bad en\gh4 ,b ! deepe/ contempt = humanity "h gr[s out ( bir? or complexion4 ,vile raim5t may be1 (t5 is1 ! result ( indol5ce1 or improvid5ce1 or extravagance4 ,x may be1 (t5 is1 an index ( "*4 ,b h[ c ,i be responsible = ! incid5ts ( my bir?8--h[ = my complexion8 ,to despise or honor me = ^!1 is to be guilty ( respect ( p]sons 9 its grosse/ =m1 & ) its wor/ effects4 ,x is to rew>d or puni% me = :at ,i _h no?+ to d )2 = :i*1 !re=e1 ,i c n1 )\t ! greate/ inju/ice1 be held responsible4 ,x is to poison ! v f\nta9s ( ju/ice1 by conf\nd+ all moral di/9ctions4 ,x is ) a worse temp]1 & 9 ! way ( inflict+ inf9itely great] injuries1 to copy ! k+ly folly ( ,x]xes1 9 *a9+ & sc\rg+ ! ,hellespont4 ,:at1 !n1 s f> z ! au?ority ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is conc]n$1 becomes ( slav]y1 :i* c n be ma9ta9$ "u any =m nor = a s+le mom5t1 )\t respect ( p]sons ! mo/ aggravat$ & un5durable8 ,& :at w\ld become ( t mo/ pitiful1 silly1 & wick$ arrangem5t 9 s _m ( our *ur*es1 9 :i* wor%ip]s ( a d>k complexion are to be %ut up to ! negro pew8,a ,footnote ,a3 ,9 ,c>lyle's ,review ( ! ,memoirs ( ,mirabeau1 we h ! foll[+ anecdote1 illu/rative ( ! "* ( a gr&mo!r ( ! ,c\nt4 ,fancy ! dame ,mirabeau sail+ /ately t[>ds ! *ur* font2 ano!r dame /rik+ 9 to take prec$5ce ( h]2 ! dame ,mirabeau despat*+ ?is latt] ) a box on ! e>1 & ^! words1 ',"h1 z 9 ! army1 ,,! ,,baggage goes la/6' ,let ^? :o ju/ify ! negro-pew-arrangem5t1 ?r[ a /one at ?is pr\d woman--if !y d>e4 ,nor are we p]mitt$ to conf9e ?is pr9ciple to religi\s assemblies4 ,x is to p]vade social life e :]e4 ,ev5 :]e pl5ty1 intellig5ce1 & ref9em5t1 diffuse _! brighte/ rays1 ! poor are to be welcom$ ) especial favor4 ,!n said he to him t bade him1 :5 ?\ make/ a d9n] or a supp]1 call n ?y fri5ds1 nor ?y bre?r51 nei!r ?y k9sm51 nor ?y ri* neighbors1 le/ !y also bid !e aga91 & a recomp5se be made !e4 ,b :5 ?\ make/ a fea/1 call ! poor & ! maim$1 ! lame & ! bl9d1 & ?\ %alt be bless$2 = !y c n recomp5se !e1 b ?\ %alt be recomp5s$ at ! resurrection ( ! j4 ,9 ! high places ( social life !n--9 ! p>lor1 ! draw+-room1 ! saloon--special ref]5ce %\ld be _h1 9 e arrangem5t1 to ! com=t & improvem5t ( ^? :o are lea/ able to provide = ! *eape/ rites ( hospitality4 ,= ^!1 ample accommodations mu/ be made1 :atev] may become ( our k9sm5 & ri* neighbors4 ,& = ?is good reason1 t :ile su* occasions signify little to ! latt]1 to ! =m] !y are pregnant ) good--rais+ _! droop+ spirits1 *e]+ _! despond+ he>ts1 inspir+ !m ) life1 & hope1 & joy4 ,! ri* & ! poor ?us meet+ joyfully toge!r1 c n b mutually contribute to ea* o!r's b5efit2 ! ri* w be l$ to mod]ation1 sobriety1 & circumspection1 & ! poor to indu/ry1 provid5ce1 & cont5tm5t4 ,! recomp5se mu/ be ri* & sure4 ,a mo/ beautiful & in/ructive comm5t>y on ! text 9 :i* ^! ?+s are taught1 ! ,savior furni%$ 9 8 own conduct4 ,he freely m+l$ ) ^? :o 7 r$uc$ to ! v bottom ( society4 ,at ! tables ( ! outca/s ( society1 he did n hesitate to be a *e]ful gue/1 surr\nd$ by publicans & s9n]s4 ,& :5 fl\t$ & reproa*$ by smoo? & l(ty ecclesia/ics1 z an ultrai/ & level]1 he expla9$ & ju/ifi$ himself by obs]v+1 t he _h only done :at 8 (fice dem&$4 ,x 0 8 to seek ! lo/1 to heal ! sick1 to pity ! wret*$2--9 a ^w1 to be/[ j su* b5efits z ! v>i\s necessities ( mank9d made appropriate & welcome4 ,9 8 great he>t1 !re 0 room en\gh = ^? :o _h be5 exclud$ f ! sympa?y ( little s\ls4 ,9 its _s & design1 ! gospel ov]look$ none--lea/ ( all1 ! outca/s ( a selfi% _w4 ,c slav]y1 h[ev] modifi$1 be consi/5t ) su* a gospel8--a gospel :i* requires u1 ev5 amid/ ! highe/ =ms ( social life1 to ex]t ourselves to raise ! depress$ by giv+ our w>me/ sympa?ies to ^? :o h ! smalle/ %>e 9 ! favor ( ! _w8 ,^? :o are 9 bonds are set be=e u z des]v+ an especial remembrance4 ,_! claims ^u u are describ$ z a modification ( ! ,gold5 ,rule--z "o ( ! _m =ms to :i* its obligations are r$ucible4 ,to !m we are to ext5d ! same affectionate reg>d z we w\ld covet = ourselves1 if ! *a9s ^u _! limbs 7 fa/5$ ^u ours4 ,to ! b5efits ( ?is precept1 ! enslav$ h a natural claim ( ! greate/ /r5g?4 ,! wrongs !y suff]1 spr+ f a p]secution :i* c h>dly be surpass$ 9 malignancy4 ,_! bir? & complexion are ! occasion ( ! insults & injuries :i* !y c nei!r endure nor escape4 ,x is = ! "w ( ,god1 & n !m own des]ts1 t !y are load$ ) *a9s4 ,?is is p]secution4 ,c ,i reg>d ! slave z ano!r self--c ,i put myself 9 8 place--& be indiff]5t to 8 wrongs8 ,especially1 c ,i1 ?us affect$1 take sides ) ! oppressor8 ,c\ld ,i1 9 su* a /ate ( m9d z ! gospel requires me to *]i%1 r$uce him to slav]y or keep him 9 bonds8 ,is n ! precept "u h& naturally subv]sive ( e sy/em & e =m ( slav]y8 ,! g5]al descriptions ( ! *ur* :i* are f\nd "h & !re 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 are highly in/ructive 9 _! be>+ on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,9 "o connection1 ! foll[+ words meet ! eye3 ,!re is nei!r ,jew nor ,greek1 !re is nei!r bond nor free1 !re is nei!r male nor female2 = ye are all "o 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4,a ,"h we h--#a4 ,a cle> & /rong description ( ! doctr9e ( human equality4 ,ye are all ,,"o2--s mu* alike1 s truly plac$ on common gr\nd1 all wield+ ea* 8 own p[]s ) su* fre$om1 t "o is ! same z ano!r4 ,footnote ,a3 ,gal4 iii4 #bc4 #b4 ,?is doctr9e1 self-evid5t 9 ! light ( reason1 is affirm$ on div9e au?ority4 ,,9 ,,*ri/ ,,jesus1 ye are all "o4 ,! natural equality ( ! human family is a "p ( ! gospel4 ,=-- #c4 ,all ! human family are includ$ 9 ?is description4 ,:e!r m5 or wom51 :e!r bond or free1 :e!r ,jews or ,g5tiles1 all are alike entitl$ to ! b5efit ( ?is doctr9e4 ,:]ev] ,*ri/ianity prevails1 ! artificial di/9ctions :i* gr[ out ( bir?1 condition1 sex1 are done away4 ,natural di/9ctions are n de/roy$4 ,!y are recogniz$1 hall[$1 confirm$4 ,! gospel does n aboli% ! sexes1 =bid a division ( labor1 or ext+ui% patriotism4 ,x takes woman f b5ea? ! feet1 & places h] by ! side ( man2 deliv]s ! manual labor] f ! yoke1 & gives him wages = 8 "w2 & br+s ! ,jew & ,g5tile to embrace ea* o!r ) frat]nal love & confid5ce4 ,?us x raises all to a common level1 gives to ea* ! free use ( 8 own p[]s & res\rces1 b9ds all toge!r 9 "o de> & lov+ bro!rhood4 ,su*1 accord+ to ! description ( ! apo/le1 0 ! influ5ce1 & su* ! effect ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,behold ! picture6 ,is x l ,am]ican slav]y1 :i*1 9 all its t5d5cies & effects1 is de/ructive ( all on5ess among bre?r58 ,:]e ! _s ( ! ,"l is1 exclaims ! same apo/le1 ) 8 eye ^u ! condition & relations ( ! *ur*1 :]e ! _s ( ! ,"l is1 ,,!re ,,is ,,lib]ty4 ,:]e1 !n1 may we rev]5tly recognize ! pres5ce1 & b[ be=e ! manife/$ p[]1 ( ?is _s8 ,!re1 :]e ! labor] may n *oose h[ he %all be employ$6--9 :at way 8 wants %all he suppli$6--) :om he %all associate6--:o %all h ! fruit ( 8 ex]tions6 ,!re1 :]e he is n free to enjoy 8 wife & *ildr56 ,!re1 :]e 8 body & 8 s\l1 8 v de/9y1,a are plac$ altoge!r beyond 8 control6 ,!re1 :]e e p[] is crippl$1 e en]gy bla/$1 e hope cru%$6 ,!re1 :]e 9 all ! relations & conc]ns ( life1 he is legally treat$ z if he _h no?+ to d ) ! laws ( reason1 ! light ( immortality1 or ! ex]cise ( w6 ,is ! _s ( ! ,"l !re1 :]e lib]ty is decri$ & d5\nc$1 mock$ at & spit ^u1 betray$ & crucifi$6 ,9 ! mid/ ( a *ur* :i* ju/ifi$ slav]y1 :i* d]iv$ its support f slav]y1 :i* c>ri$ on its ent]prises by means ( slav]y1 w\ld ! apo/le h f\nd ! fruits ( ! ,_s ( ! ,"l6 ,let t ,_s ex]t 8 influ5ces1 & ass]t 8 au?ority1 & wield 8 p[]1 & slav]y mu/ vani% at once & =ev]4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a f "t to "t1 has pass$ _m re/rict$ & p5al acts1 ) a view to br+ "u direct control & subjection ! ,,de/9y ( ! black population4 ,see ! ,remon/rance ( ,james ,s4 ,pope & #ceb o!rs1 aga9/ home mission>y ef=ts = ! b5efit ( ! enslav$--a mo/ in/ructive pap]4 ,9 m ?an "o connection1 ! apo/le ,james describes ,*ri/ianity z ! law ( lib]ty4 ,x is 9 o!r words ! law "u :i* lib]ty c n b live & fl\ri%--! law 9 :i* lib]ty is cle>ly def9$1 /rongly ass]t$1 & well protect$4 ,z ! law ( lib]ty1 h[ c x be consi/5t ) ! law ( slav]y8 ,! pres5ce & ! p[] ( ?is law are felt :]ev] ! light ( reason %9es4 ,!y are felt 9 ! uneas9ess & consci\s degradation ( ! slave1 & 9 ! %ame & remorse :i* ! ma/] betrays 9 8 reluctant & desp]ate ef=ts to def5d himself4 ,?is law x is :i* has arm$ human nature aga9/ ! oppressor4 ,:]ev] x is obey$1 e yoke is brok54 ,9 ^! ref]5ces to ! ,new ,te/am5t we h a g5]al description ( ! primitive *ur*1 & ! pr9ciples on :i* x 0 f\nd$ & fa%ion$4 ,^! pr9ciples be> ! same relation to ,*ri/ian hi/ory z to ,*ri/ian "*1 s9ce ! =m] is occupi$ ) ! developm5t ( ! latt]4 ,:at !n is ,*ri/ian "* b ,*ri/ian pr9ciple realiz$1 act$ out1 bodi$ =?1 & animat$8 ,*ri/ian pr9ciple is ! s\l1 ( :i* ,*ri/ian "* is ! expression--! manife/ation4 ,x compreh5ds 9 itself1 z a liv+ se$1 su* ,*ri/ian "*1 "u e =m1 modification1 & complexion4 ,! =m] is1 !re=e1 ! te/ & int]pret] ( ! latt]4 ,9 ! light ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 & 9 t light only1 we c judge ( & expla9 ,*ri/ian "*4 ,*ri/ian hi/ory is occupi$ ) ! =ms1 modifications1 & v>i\s aspects ( ,*ri/ian "*4 ,! facts :i* are !re record$ s]ve to %[1 h[ ,*ri/ian pr9ciple has f>$ 9 ?is _w--h[ x has appe>$1 :at x has done1 h[ x has be5 treat$4 ,9 ^! facts we h ! v>i\s in/itutions1 usages1 designs1 do+s1 & suff]+s ( ! *ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,& all ^! h ( necessity1 ! close/ relation to ,*ri/ian pr9ciple4 ,!y are ! production ( its p[]4 ,?r\gh !m1 x is reveal$ & manife/$4 ,9 its light1 !y are to be /udi$1 expla9$1 & und]/ood4 ,)\t x !y mu/ be z un9telligible & insignificant z ! lett]s ( a book1 scatt]$ on ! w9d4 ,9 ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity1 !n1 we h a compreh5sive & fai?ful acc\nt ( its objects1 in/itutions1 & usages--( h[ x mu/ behave1 & act1 & suff]1 9 a _w ( s9 & mis]y4 ,= betwe5 ! pr9ciples :i* ,god reveals1 on ! "o h&1 & ! precepts he enjo9s1 ! in/itutions he e/abli%es1 & ! usages he approves1 on ! o!r1 !re mu/ be consi/5cy & h>mony4 ,o!rwise we impute to ,god :at we mu/ abhor 9 man--practice at w> ) pr9ciple4 ,does ! ,savior1 !n1 lay d[n ! pr9ciple t our /&+ 9 ! *ur* mu/ dep5d ^u ! habits1 =m$ )9 u1 ( readily & he>tily subs]v+ ! welf>e ( o!rs2 & p]mit u 9 practice to invade ! rights & trample on ! happ9ess ( our fell[s1 by r$uc+ !m to slav]y4 ,does he1 9 pr9ciple & by example1 require u to g all l5g?s 9 r5d]+ mutual s]vice1 compreh5d+ (fices ! mo/ m5ial1 z well z ! mo/ honorable2 & p]mit u 9 practice to ,,exact s]vice ( our bre?r51 z if !y 7 no?+ bett] ?an articles ( m]*&ize8 ,does he require u 9 pr9ciple to "w ) quietness & eat our own bread2 & p]mit u 9 practice to wre/ f our bre?r5 ! fruits ( _! unrequit$ toil8 ,does he 9 pr9ciple require u1 ab/a9+ f e =m ( !ft1 to employ our p[]s 9 useful labor1 n only to provide = ourselves b also to relieve ! indig5ce ( o!rs2 & p]mit u 9 practice1 ab/a9+ f e =m ( labor1 to enri* & aggr&ize ourselves ) ! fruits ( man-/eal+8 ,does he require u 9 pr9ciple to reg>d ! labor] z wor?y ( 8 hire2 & p]mit u 9 practice to defraud him ( 8 wages8 ,does he require u 9 pr9ciple to honor ,,all m52 & p]mit u 9 practice to treat multitudes l cattle8 ,does he 9 pr9ciple prohibit respect ( p]sons2 & p]mit u 9 practice to place ! feet ( ! ri* ^u ! necks ( ! poor8 ,does he 9 pr9ciple require u to sympa?ize ) ! bondman z ano!r self2 & p]mit u 9 practice to leave him unpiti$ & unhelp$ 9 ! h&s ( ! oppressor8 ,9 pr9ciple1 :]e ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is1 !re is lib]ty2 9 practice1 is slav]y ! fruit ( ! ,_s8 ,9 pr9ciple1 ,*ri/ianity is ! law ( lib]ty2 9 practice1 is x ! law ( slav]y8 ,br+ practice 9 ^! v>i\s respects into h>mony ) pr9ciple1 & :at becomes ( slav]y8 ,& if1 :]e ! div9e gov]nm5t is conc]n$1 practice is ! expression ( pr9ciple1 & pr9ciple ! /&>d & int]pret] ( practice1 su* h>mony _c b be ma9ta9$ & mu/ be ass]t$4 ,9 /udy+1 !re=e1 fragm5ts ( hi/ory & sket*es ( biography--9 dispos+ ( ref]5ces to in/itutions1 usages1 & facts 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?is necess>y h>mony betwe5 pr9ciple & practice 9 ! gov]nm5t1 %\ld be cont9ually pres5t to ! ?\ghts ( ! int]pret]4 ,pr9ciples ass]t :at practice mu/ be4 ,:atev] pr9ciple condemns1 ,god condemns4 ,x belongs to ^? we$s ( ! dunghill :i*1 plant$ by an enemy1 8 h& w assur$ly root up4 ,x is mo/ c]ta91 !n1 t if slav]y prevail$ 9 ! fir/ ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 x c\ld n[h]e h prevail$ "u its influ5ce & ) its sanction4 ,! condition 9 :i*1 9 its ef=ts to bless mank9d1 ! primitive *ur* 0 plac$1 mu/ h greatly assi/$ ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 9 und]/&+ & apply+ ! pr9ciples ( ! gospel4--,_! ,ma/] 0 born 9 great obscurity1 liv$ 9 ! deepe/ pov]ty1 & di$ ! mo/ ignom9i\s dea?4 ,! place ( 8 resid5ce1 8 famili>ity ) ! outca/s ( society1 8 welcom+ assi/ance & support f female h&s1 8 ca/+ 8 belov$ "m1 :5 he hung ^u ! cross1 ^u ! *>ity ( a disciple--su* ?+s ev9ce ! dep? ( 8 pov]ty1 & %[ to :at d]ision & contempt he mu/ h be5 expos$4 ,c\ld su* an "o1 despis$ & reject$ ( m5--a man ( sorr[s & acqua9t$ ) grief1 play ! oppressor1 or smile on ^? :o made m]*&ize ( ! poor6 ,& :at 0 ! hi/ory ( ! apo/les1 b an illu/ration ( ! doctr9e1 t x is en\gh = ! disciple1 t he be z 8 ,ma/]8 ,7 !y lordly ecclesia/ics1 ab\nd+ ) weal?1 %9+ ) spl5dor1 bloat$ ) luxury6 ,7 !y ambiti\s ( di/9ction1 fleec+1 & trampl+1 & dev\r+ ! flocks1 t !y !mselves might h ! pre-em95ce6 ,7 !y slavehold+ bi%ops6 ,or did !y d]ive _! support f ! wages ( iniquity & ! price ( blood6 ,c su* inf]5ces be drawn f ! acc\nt ( _! condition1 :i* ! mo/ gift$ & ent]pris+ ( _! numb] has put ^u record8 ,ev5 unto ?is pres5t h\r1 we bo? hung]1 & ?ir/1 & are nak$1 & are buffett$1 & h no c]ta9 dwell+ place1 & labor work+ ) our own h&s4 ,be+ revil$1 we bless2 be+ p]secut$1 we suff] x2 be+ defam$1 we entreat2 we are made z ! fil? ( ! _w1 & are ,,! ,,(fsc\r+ ,,( ,,all ,,?+s unto ?is day,a4 ,are ^! ! m5 :o practic$ or c\nt5anc$ slav]y8 ,) su* a temp]1 !y ,,w\ld ,,n2 9 su* circum/ances1 !y ,,c\ld ,,n4 ,expos$ to tribulation1 di/ress1 & p]secution2 subject to fam9e & nak$ness1 to p]il & ! sword2 kill$ all ! day long2 acc\nt$ z %eep = ! slaught],b1 !y w\ld h made b a sorry figure at ! great-h\se or slave-m>ket6 ,footnote ,a3 #a ,cor4 iv4 #aa-ac4 ,footnote ,b3 #a ,rom4 viii4 #ce1 #cf4 ,nor 0 ! condition ( ! bre?r51 g5]ally1 bett] ?an t ( ! apo/les4 ,! position ( ! apo/les d\btless entitl$ !m to ! /ronge/ opposition1 ! heavie/ reproa*es1 ! fi]ce/ p]secution4 ,b d]ision & contempt mu/ h be5 ! lot ( ,*ri/ians g5]ally4 ,surely we _c ?9k s ill ( primitive ,*ri/ianity z to suppose t believ]s1 g5]ally1 refus$ to %>e 9 ! trials & suff]+s ( _! lead]s2 z to suppose t :ile ! lead]s submitt$ to manual labor1 to buffet+1 to be reckon$ ! fil? ( ! _w1 to be acc\nt$ z %eep = ! slaught]1 8 bre?r5 liv$ 9 afflu5ce1 ease1 & honor6 despis+ manual labor6 & liv+ ^u ! sweat ( unrequit$ toil6 ,b on ?is po9t we are n left to m]e inf]5ce & conjecture4 ,! apo/le ,paul 9 ! pla9e/ language expla9s ! ord9ation ( ,heav54 ,b ,god ha? ,,*os5 ! fooli% ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! wise2 & ,god ha? ,,*os5 ! weak ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! ?+s :i* are mighty2 & base ?+s ( ! _w1 & ?+s :i* are despis$ ha? ,god ,,*os51 yea1 & ,,?+s ,,:i* ,,are ,,n1 to br+ to n\ght ?+s t are4,a ,"h we may well notice1 ,footnote ,a3 #a ,cor4 i4 #bg1 #bh4 #a4 ,t x 0 n by accid5t1 t ! primitive *ur*es 7 made up ( su* elem5ts1 b ! result ( ! ,,div9e ,,*oice--an arrangem5t ( ,8 wise & graci\s ,provid5ce4 ,! inf]5ce is natural1 t ?is ord9ation 0 co-ext5sive ) ! triumphs ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 no?+ new or /range1 t ,jehovah _h conceal$ 8 glory f ! wise & prud5t1 & _h reveal$ x unto babes1 or t ! common p he>d him gladly1 :ile n _m wise m5 aft] ! fle%1 n _m mighty1 n _m noble1 _h be5 call$4 #b4 ,! description ( "* :i* ! apo/le records1 c\ld be adapt$ only to :at are reckon$ ! v dregs ( humanity4 ,! fooli% & ! weak1 ! base & ! contemptible1 9 ! e/imation ( worldly pride & wisdom--^! 7 !y ^: brok5 he>ts 7 rea*$1 & m\ld$1 & refre%$ by ! gospel2 ^! 7 !y :om ! apo/le took to 8 bosom z 8 own bre?r54 ,t slaves ab\nd$ at ,cor9?1 may easily be admitt$4 ,!y h a place 9 ! enum]ation ( elem5ts ( :i*1 accord+ to ! apo/le1 ! *ur* !re 0 compos$4 ,! mo/ rem>kable class f\nd !re1 consi/$ ( ,,?+s ,,:i* ,,are ,,n--m]e nobodies1 n admitt$ to ! privileges ( m51 b degrad$ to a level ) goods & *attels2 ( :om no acc\nt 0 made 9 su* arrangem5ts ( society z subs]v$ ! improvem5t1 & dignity1 & happ9ess ( ,,mank9d4 ,h[ accurately ?is description applies to ^? :o are cru%$ "u ! *attel pr9ciple6 ,! ref]5ce :i* ! apo/le makes to ! deep pov]ty ( ! *ur*es ( ,mac$onia1,b & ?is to /ir up ! sluggi% lib]ality ( 8 ,cor9?ian bre?r51 naturally leaves ! impression1 t ! latt] 7 by no means inf]ior to ! =m] 9 ! gifts ( ,provid5ce4 ,b1 press$ ) want & p9*$ by pov]ty z 7 ! believ]s 9 ,mac$onia & ,a*aia1 x pleas$ !m to make a c]ta9 contribution = ! poor sa9ts :i* 7 at ,j]usalem4,c ,?us x appe>s1 t ,*ri/ians e :]e 7 famili> ) contempt & indig5ce1 s mu* s1 t ! apo/le w\ld dissuade su* z _h no families f assum+ ! responsibilities ( ! conjugal relation,d6 ,footnote ,b3 #b ,cor4 viii4 #b4 ,footnote ,c3 ,rom4 xv4 #bf4 ,footnote ,d3 #a ,cor4 vi #bf1bg ,n[1 h[ did ^! good p treat ea* o!r8 ,did ! few among !m1 :o 7 e/eem$ wise1 mighty1 or noble1 ex]t _! influ5ce & employ _! p[] 9 oppress+ ! weak1 9 dispos+ ( ! ?+s t are n1 z m>ketable commodities6--kneel+ ) !m 9 pray] 9 ! ev5+1 & putt+ !m up at auction ! next morn+6 ,did ! *ur* sell any ( ! memb]s to swell ! c]ta9 contribution f> ! poor sa9ts at ,j]usalem6 ,f> o!rwise--z f> z possible6 ,9 ^? ,*ri/ian communities :]e ! influ5ce ( ! apo/les 0 mo/ p[]ful1 & :]e ! arrangem5ts drew =? _! highe/ comm5dations1 believ]s treat$ ea* o!r z bre?r51 9 ! /ronge/ s5se ( t sweet ^w4 ,s w>m 0 _! mutual love1 s /rong ! public _s1 s op5-h&$ & abundant ! g5]al lib]ality1 t !y are set =? z hav+ all ?+s common4 ,e ,slaves & _! hold]s "h8 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r c\ld 9 t relation to ea* o!r h brea!d su* an atmosph]e4 ,! appeal ( ! kneel+ bondman1 ,am ,i n a man & a bro!r1 mu/ "h h met ) a prompt & p[]ful response4 ,footnote ,e3 ,acts iv4 #cb ,! te/s by :i* our ,savior tries ! "* ( 8 pr(ess$ disciples1 %$ a /rong light ^u ! g5ius ( ! gospel4 ,9 "o connection,f1 an inquir] dem&s ( ! ,savior1 ,:at good ?+ %all ,i d t ,i may h et]nal life8 ,aft] be+ rem9d$ ( ! obligations :i* 8 social nature impos$ ^u him1 he v5tur$1 :ile claim+ to be free f guilt 9 8 relations to mank9d1 to dem&1 :at lack ,i yet8 ,! radical defici5cy "u :i* 8 "* labor$1 ! ,savior 0 n long or obscure 9 po9t+ out4 ,if ?\ wilt be p]fect1 g & sell t ?\ ha/ & give to ! poor1 & ?\ %alt h treasure 9 heav52 & come & foll[ me4 ,on ?is passage x is natural to sugge/-- ,footnote ,f3 ,luke xvii #ah-bd #a4 ,t we h "h a te/ ( univ]sal application4 ,! rectitude & b5evol5ce ( our ,savior's "* =bid u to suppose t he w\ld subject ?is inquir]1 especially z he 0 highly amiable1 to a trial1 :]e et]nal life 0 at /ake1 peculi>ly sev]e4 ,inde$1 ! te/ seems to h be5 only a fair exposition ( ! second great comm&1 & ( c\rse x mu/ be applicable to all :o are plac$ "u ! obligations ( t precept4 ,^? :o c n /& ?is te/1 z _! "* is radically imp]fect & uns\nd1 mu/1 ) ! inquir] to :om our ,"l appli$ x1 be pron\nc$ unfit = ! k+dom ( heav54 #b4 ,! lea/ t our ,savior c 9 t passage be und]/ood to dem& is1 t we dis9t]e/$ly & he>tily devote ourselves to ! welf>e ( mank9d1 ! poor especially4 ,we are to put ourselves on a level ) !m1 z we mu/ d 9 sell+ t we h = _! b5efit--9 o!r words1 9 employ+ our p[]s & res\rces to elevate _! "*1 condition1 & prospects4 ,?is our ,savior did2 & if we refuse to ent] into sympa?y & coop]ation ) him1 h[ c we be 8 foll[]s8 ,apply ?is te/ to ! slavehold]4 ,in/ead ( sell+ t he ha? = ! b5efit ( ! poor1 he ,,buys ,,! ,,poor1 & exacts _! sweat ) /ripes1 to enable him to clo! himself 9 purple & f9e l951 & f>e sumptu\sly e day2 or1 ,,he ,,sells ,,! ,,poor to support ! gospel & conv]t ! hea!n6 ,:at1 9 describ+ ! sc5es ( ! f9al judgm5t1 does our ,savior tea* u8 ,by :at /&>d mu/ our "* be e/imat$1 & ! retributions ( et]nity be aw>d$8 ,a /&>d1 :i* bo? ! righte\s & ! wick$ w be surpris$ to see erect$4 ,f ! (fsc\r+ ( all ?+s1 ! meane/ specim5 ( humanity w be select$--a /rang] 9 ! h&s ( ! oppressor1 nak$1 hungry1 sickly2 & ?is /rang]1 plac$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! assembl$ univ]se1 by ! side ( ! sov]eign ,judge1 w be op5ly ackn[l$g$ z 8 repres5tative4 ,glory1 honor1 & immortality1 w be ! rew>d ( ^? :o _h recogniz$ & *e]$ _! ,"l ?r\gh 8 outrag$ poor4 ,& tribulation1 angui%1 & despair1 w seize on e s\l ( man1 :o _h neglect$ or despis$ !m4 ,b :om1 )9 ! limits ( our c\ntry1 are we to reg>d especially z ! repres5tatives ( our f9al ,judge8 ,e feature ( ! ,savior's picture f9ds its appropriate orig9al 9 our enslav$ c\ntrym54 #a4 ,!y are ! ,,lea/ ( 8 bre?r54 #b4 ,!y are subject to ?ir/ & hung]1 unable to comm& a cup ( wat] or a crumb ( bread4 #c4 ,!y are expos$ to wa/+ sickness1 )\t ! ability to procure a nurse or employ a physician4 #d4 ,!y are emphatically 9 prison1 re/ra9$ by *a9s1 goad$ ) :ips1 task$1 & "u keep]s4 ,n a wret* groans 9 any cell ( ! prisons ( our c\ntry1 :o is expos$ to a conf9em5t s rigor\s & he>t-break+ z ! law all[s !irs to be cont9ually & p]man5tly4 #e4 ,& !n !y are emphatically1 & peculi>ly1 & exclusively1 ,,/rang]s--/rang]s 9 ! l& :i* gave !m bir?4 ,:om else d we con/ra9 to rema9 ali5s 9 ! mid/ ( our free in/itutions8 ,! ,wel*1 ! ,swiss1 ! ,iri%8 ,! ,jews ev58 ,alas1 x is ! negro only1 :o may n /rike 8 roots into our soil4 ,e :]e we h conspir$ to treat him z a /rang]--e :]e he is =c$ to feel himself a /rang]4 ,9 ! /age & /eamboat1 9 ! p>lor & at our tables1 9 ! sc5es ( bus9ess & 9 ! sc5es ( amusem5t--ev5 9 ! *ur* ( ,god & at ! communion table1 he is reg>d$ z a /rang]4 ,! intellig5t & religi\s are g5]ally disgu/$ & horror-/ruck at ! ?\ght ( 8 becom+ id5tifi$ ) ! citiz5s ( our republic--s mu* s1 t ?\s&s ( !m h ent]$ into a conspiracy to s5d him (f out ( sight1 to f9d a home on a =eign %ore6--,& ju/ify !mselves by op5ly all$g+1 t a s+le drop ( 8 blood1 9 ! ve9s ( any human creature1 mu/ make him hateful to 8 fell[ citiz5s6--,t no?+ b bani%m5t f our coa/s1 c r$eem him f ! scorn & contempt to :i* 8 /rang] blood has r$uc$ him among 8 own "m's *ildr56 ,:o1 !n1 9 ?is l& ( milk & honey1 is hungry & a?ir/1 b ! man f :om ! law takes away ! la/ crumb ( bread & ! smalle/ drop ( wat]8 ,:o nak$1 b ! man :om ! law /rips ( ! la/ rag ( clo?+8 ,:o sick1 b ! man :om ! law deprives ( ! p[] ( procur+ m$ic9e or s5d+ = a physician8 ,:o 9 prison1 b ! man :o1 all 8 life is "u ! control ( m]ciless ma/]s & cruel keep]s8 ,:o a /rang]1 b ! man :o is scornfully d5i$ ! *eape/ c\rtesies ( life--:o is treat$ z an ali5 9 8 native c\ntry8 ,!re is "o po9t 9 ?is awful description :i* des]ves p>ticul> att5tion4 ,^? :o are doom$ to ! left h& ( ! ,judge1 are n *>g$ ) inflict+ positive injuries on _! helpless1 ne$y1 & oppress$ bro!r4 ,!irs 0 :at is (t5 call$ negative "*4 ,:at !y _h done is n describ$ 9 ! indictm5t4 ,_! neglect ( duty1 :at !y _h ,,n done1 0 ! gr\nd ( _! ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,! repres5tative ( _! ,judge1 !y _h se5 a hung]$ & !y gave him no meat1 ?ir/y & !y h him no dr9k1 a /rang] & !y took him n 91 nak$ & !y clo!d him n1 sick & 9 prison & !y visit$ him n4 ,9 z mu* z !y did ,,n yield to ! claims ( suff]+ humanity--did ,,n ex]t !mselves to bless ! meane/ ( ! human family1 !y 7 driv5 away 9 _! wick$ness4 ,b :at if ! indictm5t _h run ?us3 ,i 0 a hung]$ & ye snat*$ away ! cru/ :i* might h sav$ me f />vation2 ,i 0 ?ir/y & ye da%$ to ! gr\nd ! cup ( cold wat]1 :i* might h moi/5$ my p>*$ lips2 ,i 0 a /rang] & ye drove me f ! hovel :i* might h %elt]$ me f ! pi]c+ w9d2 ,i 0 sick & ye sc\rg$ me to my task2 9 prison & y sold me = my jail-fees--to :at dep?s ( hell mu/ n ^? :o 7 convict$ "u su* *>ges be consign$6 ,& :at is ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican slav]y b "o long indictm5t1 describ+ "u ev]-v>y+ =ms & hues j su* injuries6 ,nor %\ld x be =gott51 t ^? :o incurr$ ! displeasure ( _! ,judge1 took f> o!r views ?an he1 ( _! own pa/ hi/ory4 ,! *>ges :i* he br\ght aga9/ !m1 !y he>d ) great surprise4 ,!y 7 sure t !y _h nev] ?us turn$ away f 8 necessities4 ,inde$1 :5 _h !y se5 him ?us subject to pov]ty1 insult1 & oppression6 ,nev]4 ,& z to t poor fri5dless creature :om !y left unpiti$ & unhelp$ 9 ! h&s ( ! oppressor1 & :om _! ,judge n[ pres5t$ z 8 own repres5tative1 !y nev] once suppos$1 t he _h any claims on _! compassion & assi/ance4 ,_h !y kn[n1 t he 0 de/9$ to s prom95t a place at ! f9al judgm5t1 !y w\ld h treat$ him z a human be+1 9 despite ( any social1 pecuni>y1 or political consid]ations4 ,b nei!r _! negative virtue nor _! volunt>y ignorance c\ld %ield !m f ! p5al fire :i* _! selfi%ness _h k9dl$4 ,n[ amid/ ! g5]al maxims1 ! lead+ pr9ciples1 ! great comm&m5ts ( ! gospel2 amid/ its compreh5sive descriptions & au?oriz$ te/s ( ,*ri/ian "*1 we %\ld take our position 9 dispos+ ( any p>ticul> allusions to su* =ms & usages ( ! primitive *ur*es z are suppos$ by div9e au?ority4 ,! latt] mu/ be int]pret$ & und]/ood 9 ! light ( ! =m]4 ,b h[ d ! apologi/s & def5d]s ( slav]y proce$8 ,plac+ !mselves amid/ ! arrangem5ts & usages :i* grew out ( ! corruptions ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y make ^! ! /&>d by :i* ! gospel is to be expla9$ & und]/ood6 ,"s ,record] or ,ju/ice1 )\t ! light ( inquiry or ! aid ( a jury1 consigns ! negro :om ! kidnapp] has dragg$ into 8 pres5ce to ! horrors ( slav]y4 ,z ! poor wret* %rieks & fa9ts1 ,humanity %udd]s & dem&s :y su* atrocities are endur$8 ,"s prie/ or ,levite1 pass+ by on ! o!r side1 q self-possess$ & all complac5t reads 9 reply f 8 bread phylact]y1 ,paul s5t back ,onesimus to ,philemon6 ,yes1 e*oes ! negro-hat+ mob1 made up ( g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+ toge!r ) equally g5tle-m5 reek+ f ! gutt]2 ,yes--,paul s5t back ,onesimus to ,philemon6 ,& ,humanity1 br[-beat51 /unn$ ) noise & tumult1 is pu%$ aside by ! cr[d6 ,a fair specim5 ?is ( ! mann] 9 :i* mod]n usages are made to int]pret ! sacr$ ,scriptures8 ,( ! p>ticul> passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t on :i* ! apologi/s = slav]y especially rely1 ! epi/le to ,philemon fir/ dem&s our att5tion4 #a4 ,?is lett] 0 writt5 by ! apo/le ,paul :ile a prison] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ at ,rome4 #b4 ,philemon 0 a b5evol5t & tru/wor?y memb] ( ! *ur* at ,colosse1 at ^: h\se ! disciples ( ,*ri/ held _! assemblies1 & :o ow$ 8 conv]sion1 "u ,god1 directly or indirectly to ! m9i/ry ( ,paul4 #c4 ,onesimus 0 ! s]vant ( ,philemon2 "u a relation :i* x is difficult ) accuracy & c]ta9ty to def9e4 ,8 condition1 ?\gh s]vile1 c\ld n h be5 l t ( an ,am]ican slave2 z1 9 t case1 h[ev] he might h wrong$ ,philemon1 he c\ld n also h ow$ him ought4,a ,! ,am]ican slave is1 accord+ to law1 z mu* ! prop]ty ( 8 ma/] z any o!r *attel2 & c no m owe 8 ma/] ?an c a %eep or a horse4 ,! basis ( all pecuni>y obligations lies 9 "s value receiv$4 ,h[ c an article ( m]*&ise /& on ?is basis & su/a9 comm]cial relations to its own]8 ,!re is no p]son to (f] or promise4 ,p]sonality is swall[$ up 9 ,am]ican slav]y6 ,footnote ,a3 ,phil4 #ah4 #d4 ,h[ ,onesimus f\nd 8 way to ,rome x is n easy to det]m9e4 ,he & ,philemon appe> to h p>t$ f ea* o!r on ill t]ms4 ,! g5]al "* ( ,onesimus1 c]ta9ly1 9 8 relation to ,philemon1 _h be5 f> f attractive1 & he seems to h left him )\t repair+ ! wrongs he _h done him or pay+ ! debts :i* he ow$ him4 ,at ,rome1 by ! bless+ ( ,god ^u ! ex]tions ( ! apo/le1 he 0 br\ght to reflection & rep5tance4 #e4 ,9 review+ 8 hi/ory 9 ! light ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 he became pa9fully aw>e ( ! injuries1 he _h inflict$ on ,philemon4 ,he long$ = an opportunity = frank confession & full re/itution4 ,hav+1 h[ev]1 p>t$ ) ,philemon on ill t]ms1 he knew n h[ to appe> 9 8 pres5ce4 ,"u su* emb>rassm5ts1 he naturally s\ght sympa?y & advice ( ,paul4 ,8 influ5ce ^u ,philemon1 ,onesimus knew mu/ be p[]ful1 especially z an apo/le4 #f4 ,a lett] 9 behalf ( ,onesimus 0 !re=e writt5 by ! apo/le to ,philemon4 ,aft] su* salutations1 b5$ictions1 & ?anks giv+ z ! good "* & useful life ( ,philemon naturally drew f ! he>t ( ,paul1 he proce$s to ! object ( ! lett]4 ,he admits t ,onesimus _h behav$ ill 9 ! s]vice ( ,philemon2 n 9 runn+ away1 = h[ !y _h p>t$ ) ea* o!r is n expla9$1 b 9 be+ unpr(itable & 9 refus+ to pay ! debts,b :i* he _h contract$4 ,b 8 "* _h und]gone a radical *ange4 ,!nce=w>d fidelity & usefulness w\ld be 8 aim & m>k 8 c\rse4 ,& z to any pecuni>y obligations :i* he _h violat$1 ! apo/le au?oriz$ ,philemon to put !m on 8 acc\nt4,c ,?us a way 0 fairly op5$ to ! he>t ( ,philemon4 ,& n[ :at does ! apo/les ask8 ,footnote ,b3 ,v]se #aa1ah4 ,footnote ,c3 ,v]se #ah4 #g4 ,he asks t ,philemon w\ld receive ,onesimus4 ,h[8 ,n z a s]vant1 b above a s]vant4,a ,h[ mu* above8 ,philemon 0 to receive him z a son ( ! apo/le--z a bro!r belov$--nay1 if he c\nt$ ,paul a p>tn]1 an equal1 he 0 to receive ,onesimus z he w\ld receive ! apo/le himself,b4 ,s mu* above a s]vant 0 he to receive him6 ,footnote ,a3 ,v]se #af4 ,footnote ,b3 ,v]se #aj1 #af1 #ag4 #h4 ,b 0 n ?is reque/ to be s int]pret$ & compli$ ) z to put ,onesimus 9 ! h&s ( ,philemon z an article ( m]*&ise1 ,,c>nally1 :ile x rais$ him to ! dignity ( a bro!r belov$1 ,,spiritually8 ,9 o!r words1 might n ,philemon consi/5tly ) ! reque/ ( ,paul1 h r$uc$ ,onesimus to a *attel1 ,,z ,a ,,man1 :ile he admitt$ him frat]nally to 8 bosom1 z a ,,*ri/ian8 ,su* gibb]i% 9 an apo/olic epi/le6 ,nev]4 ,z if1 h[ev]1 to gu>d aga9/ su* folly1 ! natural product ( mi/ & moon%9e1 ! apo/le w\ld h ,onesimus rais$ above a s]vant to ! dignity ( a bro!r belov$1 ,,bo? ,,9 ,,! ,,fle% ,,& ,,9 ,,! ,,"l2,c z a man & ,*ri/ian1 9 all ! relations1 circum/ances1 & responsibilities ( life4 ,footnote ,c3 ,v]se #af4 ,x is easy n[ ) def9it5ess & c]ta9ty to det]m9e 9 :at s5se ! apo/le 9 su* connections uses ! ^w bro!r4 ,x describes a relation inconsi/5t ) & opposite to ! s]vile4 ,x is ,,n ! relation ( a ,,s]vant4 ,x elevates its subject above ! s]vile condition4 ,x raises him to full equality ) ! ma/]1 to ! same equality1 on :i* ,paul & ,philemon /ood side by side z bro!rs2 & ?is1 n 9 "s vague1 undef9$1 spiritual s5se1 affect+ ! s\l & leav+ ! body 9 bonds1 b 9 e way1 bo? 9 ! ,,fle% & 9 ! ,"l4 ,?is matt] des]ves p>ticul> & e>ne/ att5tion4 ,x %$s a /rong light on o!r lessons ( apo/olic in/ruction4 #i4 ,x is greatly to our purpose1 moreov]1 to obs]ve t ! apo/le cle>ly def9es ! moral "* ( 8 reque/4 ,x 0 fit1 prop]1 "r1 suit$ to ! nature & relations ( ?+s--a ?+ :i* ought to be done4,d ,on ?is acc\nt1 he might h urg$ x ^u ,philemon 9 ! =m ( an injunction1 on apo/olic au?ority & ) great boldness4,e ,! v nature ( ! reque/ made x obligatory on ,philemon4 ,he 0 sacr$ly b\nd1 out ( reg>d to ! fitness ( ?+s1 to admit ,onesimus to full equality ) himself--to treat him z a bro!r bo? 9 ! ,"l & z hav+ fle%--z a fell[ man4 ,?us 7 ! inali5able rights & bir?-"r privileges ( ,onesimus1 z a memb] ( ! human family1 def9$ & protect$ by apo/olic au?ority4 ,footnote ,d3 ,v]se #h4 ,to ,greek3 anaekon4 ,see ,rob9son's ,new ,te/am5t ,lexicon2 x is fit1 prop]1 becom+1 x ought4 ,9 :at s5se ,k+ ,james' translators us$ ! ^w conv5i5t any "o may see :o w read ,rom4 i4 #bh & ,eph4 v4 #c1 #d4 ,footnote ,e3 ,v]se #h4 #aj4 ,! apo/le pref]r$ a reque/ in/ead ( impos+ a comm&1 on ! gr\nd ( ,,*>ity4,a ,he w\ld give ,philemon an opportunity ( dis*>g+ 8 obligations "u ! impulse ( love4 ,to ?is impulse1 he 0 confid5t ,philemon w\ld promptly & fully yield4 ,h[ c\ld he d o!rwise8 ,! ?+ itself 0 "r4 ,! reque/ respect+ x came f a b5efactor1 to :om1 "u ,god1 he 0 "u ! highe/ obligations4,b ,t b5efactor1 n[ an old man & 9 ! h&s ( p]secutors1 manife/$ a deep & t5d] int]e/ 9 ! matt]1 & _h ! /ronge/ p]suasion t ,philemon 0 m ready to grant ?an himself to entreat4 ,! result1 z he 0 soon to visit ,colosse1 & _h commission$ ,philemon to prep>e a lodg+ = him1 mu/ come "u ! eye ( ! apo/le4 ,! reque/ 0 s manife/ly reasonable & obligatory1 t ! apo/le1 aft] all1 describ$ a compliance ) x1 by ! /rong ^w ob$i5ce4,c ,footnote ,a3 ,v]se #i ,greek3 dia ta5 agapa54 ,footnote ,b3 ,v]se #ai4 ,footnote ,c3 ,v]se #ba4 ,n[ h[ mu/ all ?is h be5 und]/ood by ! *ur* at ,colosse8--a *ur*1 d\btless1 made up ( su* mat]ials z ! *ur* at ,cor9?1 t is1 ( memb]s *iefly f ! humble/ walks ( life4 ,_m ( !m _h probably felt ! degradation & ta/$ ! bitt]ness ( ! s]vile condition4 ,w\ld !y h be5 likely to int]pret ! apo/le's lett] "u ! bias ( feel+s fri5dly to slav]y6--,& put ! slavehold]'s con/ruction on its cont5ts6 ,w\ld _! pa/ exp]i5ce or pres5t suff]+s--= d\btless "s ( !m 7 /ill "u ! yoke--h sugge/$ to _! ?\ghts su* glosses z "s ( our !ological pr(essors v5ture to put ^u ! words ( ! apo/le6 ,f> o!rwise4 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l 0 !re1 & ! epi/le 0 read 9 ! light ( lib]ty4 ,x conta9$ ! pr9ciples ( holy fre$om1 fai?fully & affectionately appli$4 ,?is mu/ h made x preci\s 9 ! eyes ( su* m5 ( l[ degree z 7 mo/ ( ! believ]s1 & welcome to a place 9 ! sacr$ canon4 ,!re let x rema9 z a lum9\s & p[]ful def5se ( ! cause ( emancipation6 ,b :at ) ,pr(4 ,/u>t8 ,if any "o d\bts1 let him take ! case ( ,paul's s5d+ ,onesimus back to ,philemon1 ) an apology = 8 runn+ away1 & s5d+ him back to be 8 s]vant = life4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,see 8 lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 supra p4 #h4 ,paul s5t back ,onesimus to ,philemon4 ,by :at process8 ,did ! apo/le1 a prison] at ,rome1 seize ^u ! fugitive1 & drag him be=e "s he>tless & p]fidi\s ,judge1 = au?ority to s5d him back to ,colosse8 ,did he hurry 8 victim away f ! pres5ce ( ! fat & supple magi/rate1 to be driv5 "u *a9s & ! la% to ! field ( unrequit$ toil1 :5ce he _h escap$8 ,_h ! apo/le be5 l "s tea*]s 9 ! ,am]ican *ur*es1 he might1 z a pr(essor ( sacr$ lit]ature 9 "o ( our sem9>ies1 or a prea*] ( ! gospel to ! ri* 9 "s ( our cities1 h cons5t$ ?us to subs]ve ! peculi> int]e/s ( a de> slavehold+ bro!r4 ,b ! v5]able *ampion ( tru? & fre$om 0 himself "u bonds 9 ! imp]ial city1 wait+ = ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom4 ,he wrote a lett] to ! *ur* at ,colosse1 :i* 0 accu/om$ to meet at ! h\se ( ,philemon1 & ano!r lett] to t magnanim\s disciple1 & s5t !m by ! h& ( ,onesimus4 ,s mu* = ! way 9 :i* ,onesimus 0 s5t back to 8 ma/]4 ,a slave escapes f a patri>* 9 ,georgia1 & seeks a refuge 9 ! p>i% ( ! ,connecticut doctor1 :o once gave public notice t he saw no reason = c>+ = ! s]vitude ( 8 fell[ m54,b ,"u 8 influ5ce1 ,caes> becomes a ,*ri/ian conv]t4 ,burn+ ) love = ! son :om he ha? begott5 9 ! gospel1 our doctor resolves to s5d him back to 8 ma/]4 ,accord+ly1 he writes a lett]1 gives x to ,caes>1 & bids him return1 /aff 9 h&1 to ! corn]-/one ( our republican in/itutions4 ,n[1 :at w\ld any ,caes> d1 :o _h ev] felt a l9k ( slav]y's *a98 ,z he left 8 spiritual fa!r1 %\ld we be surpriz$ to he> him say to himself1 ,:at1 return ( my own accord to ! man :o1 ) ! h& ( a robb]1 pluck$ me f my "m's bosom6--= :om ,i h be5 s (t5 dr5*$ 9 ! sweat ( unrequit$ toil6--^: viol5ce s (t5 cut my fle% & sc>r$ my limbs6--:o %ut out e ray ( light f my m9d6--:o laid claim to ^? honors to :i* my ,creator & ,r$eem] only are entitl$6 ,& = :at am ,i to return8 ,to be curs$1 & smitt51 & sold6 ,to be tempt$1 & torn1 & de/roy$6 ,i c n ?us ?r[ myself away--?us ru% ^u my own de/ruction4 ,footnote ,b3 ,:y %\ld ,i c>e8 ,:o ev] he>d ( ! volunt>y return ( a fugitive f ,am]ican oppression8 ,d y ?9k t ! doctor & 8 fri5ds c\ld p]suade "o to c>ry a lett] to ! patri>* f :om he _h escap$8 ,& mu/ we believe ?is ( ,onesimus6 ,paul s5t back ,onesimus to ,philemon4 ,on :at occasion8--,if1 writes ! apo/le1 he ha? wrong$ !e1 or owe? !e ought1 put t on my acc\nt4 ,alive to ! claims ( duty1 ,onesimus w\ld re/ore :atev] he _h tak5 away4 ,he w\ld hone/ly pay 8 debts4 ,?is resolution1 ! apo/le w>mly approv$4 ,he 0 ready1 at :atev] exp5se1 to help 8 "y disciple 9 c>ry+ x into full effect4 ,( ?is he assur$ ,philemon1 9 language ! mo/ explicit & emphatic4 ,"h we f9d "o reason = ! conduct ( ,paul 9 s5d+ ,onesimus to ,philemon4 ,if a fugitive slave ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,smylie1 ( ,mississippi1 %\ld return to him ) a lett] f a doctor ( div9ity 9 ,new ,york1 conta9+ su* an assurance1 h[ w\ld ! rev]5d slavehold] dispose ( x8 ,:at1 he exclaims1 h we "h8 ,if ,cato has n be5 upright 9 8 pecuni>y int]c\rse ) y--if he owes y any ?+--put t on my acc\nt4 ,:at ignorance ( s\!rn in/itutions6 ,:at mock]y1 to talk ( pecuni>y int]c\rse betwe5 a slave & 8 ma/]6 ,! slave himself1 ) all he is & has1 is an article ( m]*&ise4 ,:at c he owe 8 ma/]8--,a ru/ic may lay a wag] ) 8 mule1 & give ! creature ! peck ( oats :i* he _h p]mitt$ x to w94 ,b :o 9 sob] e>ne/ w\ld call ?is a pecuni>y transaction8 ,,to ,,be ,,8 ,,s]vant ,,= ,,life6 ,f :at "p ( ! epi/le c\ld ! expositor h evolv$ a ?\ght s soo?+ to tyrants--s revolt+ to e man :o loves 8 own nature8 ,f ?is8 ,= p]haps he !re=e dep>t$ = a season1 t ?\ %\lde/ receive him = ev]4 ,receive him h[8 ,z a s]vant1 exclaims our comm5tator4 ,b :at wrote ! apo/le8 ,,n n[ z a s]vant1 b above a s]vant1 a bro!r belov$1 especially to me1 b h[ mu* m unto !e1 bo? 9 ! fle% & 9 ! ,"l4 ,:o au?oriz$ ! pr(essor to b]eave ! ^w 'n' ( its negative influ5ce8 ,accord+ to ,paul1 ,philemon 0 to receive ,onesimus 'n z a s]vant2'--accord+ to ,/u>t1 he 0 to receive him z a s]vant6 ,if ! pr(essor w apply ! same rules ( exposition to ! writ+s ( ! abolitioni/s1 all diff]5ce betwe5 him & !m mu/ 9 8 view pres5tly vani% away4 ,! h>moniz+ process w\ld be equally simple & effectual4 ,he has only to und]/& !m z affirm+ :at !y d5y1 & z d5y+ :at !y affirm4 ,suppose t ,pr(4 ,/u>t _h a son resid+ at ! ,s\?4 ,8 slave1 hav+ /ol5 money ( 8 ma/]1 effect$ 8 escape4 ,he fl$ to ,&ov]1 to f9d a refuge among ! sons ( ! prophets4 ,!re he f9ds 8 way to ,pr(4 ,/u>t's h\se1 & (f]s to r5d] any s]vice :i* ! pr(essor1 dang]\sly ill ( a typhus fev]1 might require4 ,he is soon f\nd to be a mo/ active1 skillful1 fai?ful nurse4 ,he sp>es no pa9s1 night & day1 to make himself useful to ! v5]able suff]]4 ,he anticipates e want4 ,9 ! mo/ delicate & t5d] mann]1 he tries to soo? e pa94 ,he fa/5s himself /rongly on ! he>t ( ! rev]5d object ( 8 c>e4 ,t\*$ ) ! heav5ly _s1 ! meek demeanor1 ! submissive frame1 :i* ! sick b$ exhibits1 ,ar*y becomes a ,*ri/ian4 ,a new bond n[ ties him & 8 convalesc5t tea*] toge!r4 ,z soon z he is able to write1 ! pr(essor s5ds by ,ar*y ! foll[+ lett] to ! ,s\?1 to ,isaac ,/u>t1 ,esq43-- ,,my ,,de> ,,son1--,) a h& enfeebl$ by a di/ress+ & dang]\s illness1 f :i* ,i am sl[ly recov]+1 ,i address y1 on a subject :i* lies v ne> my he>t4 ,i h a reque/ to urge1 :i* my acqua9tance ) y1 & y\r /rong obligations to me1 w1 ,i c n d\bt1 make y eag] fully to grant4 ,i say a reque/1 ?\gh ! ?+ ,i ask is1 9 its v nature & on ! pr9ciples ( ! gospel1 obligatory ^u y4 ,i might1 !re=e1 boldly dem&1 :at ,i e>ne/ly entreat4 ,b ,i "k h[ g5]\s1 magnanim\s1 & ,*ri/-l y are1 & h[ readily y w d ev5 m ?an ,i say--,i1 y\r own fa!r1 an old man1 almo/ exhau/$ ) multipli$ ex]tions = ! b5efit ( my family & my c\ntry1 & n[ j ris+1 emaciat$ & brok51 f ! br9k ( ! grave4 ,i write 9 behalf ( ,ar*y1 :om ,i reg>d ) ! affection ( a fa!r1 & :om1 inde$1 ',i h begott5 9 my sickness4' ,gladly w\ld ,i h reta9$ him1 to be an ,isaac to me2 = h[ (t5 did n 8 soo?+ voice1 & skillful h&1 & unwe>i$ att5tion to my wants1 rem9d me ( y6 ,b ,i *ose to give y an opportunity ( manife/+1 volunt>ily1 ! goodness ( y\r he>t2 z1 if ,i _h reta9$ him ) me1 y might seem to h be5 =c$ to grant :at y w gratefully be/[4 ,8 tempor>y abs5ce f y may h op5$ ! way = 8 p]man5t cont9uance ) y4 ,n n[ z a slave4 ,heav5 =bid6 ,b sup]ior to a slave4 ,sup]ior1 did ,i say8 ,take him to y\r bosom1 z a belov$ bro!r2 = ,i own him z a son1 & reg>d him z su*1 9 all ! relations ( life1 bo? z a man & a ,*ri/ian4--',receive him z myself4' ,& t no?+ may h9d] y f comply+ ) my reque/ at once1 ,i h]eby promise1 )\t adv]t+ to y\r _m & great obligations to me1 to pay y e c5t :i* he took f y\r draw]4 ,any prep>ation :i* my com=t ) y may require1 y w make )\t mu* delay1 :5 y le>n1 t ,i int5d1 z soon z ,i %all be able 'to p]=m ! j\rney1' to make y a visit4 ,& :at if ,dr4 ,baxt]1 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ?is lett] %\ld publicly decl>e t ,pr(4 ,/u>t ( ,&ov] reg>d$ slavehold+ z lawful2 = t he _h s5t ,ar*y back to 8 son ,isaac1 ) an apology = 8 runn+ away to be held 9 p]petual slav]y8 ,) :at propriety might n ! pr(essor exclaim3 ,false1 e syllable false4 ,i s5t him back1 ,,n ,,to ,,be ,,held ,,z ,a ,,slave1 b recogniz$ z a de> bro!r1 9 all respects1 "u e relation1 civil & ecclesia/ical4 ,i bade my son receive ,ar*y z myself4 ,if ?is 0 n equival5t to a requisition to set him fully & mo/ honorably free1 & t1 too1 on ! gr\nd ( natural obligation & ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 !n ,i "k n h[ to frame su* a requisition4 ,i am well aw>e t my supposition is by no means /rong en\gh fully to illu/rate ! case to :i* x is appli$4 ,pr(4 ,/u>t lacks apo/olical au?ority4 ,isaac ,/u>t is n a lead+ memb] ( a *ur* consi/+1 z ! e>ly *ur*es *iefly consi/$1 ( :at ! _w reg>d z ! dregs ( society--! (fsc\r+ ( all ?+s4 ,nor 0 slav]y at ,colosse1 x seems1 support$ by su* b>b>\s usages1 su* horrid laws z disgrace ! ,s\?4 ,b x is "t to turn to ano!r passage :i*1 9 its be>+ on ! subject 9 h&1 is1 9 our view1 z well z 9 ! view ( ,dr4 ,fisk & ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 9 ! highe/ degree au?oritative & in/ructive4 ,let z _m s]vants z are "u ! yoke c\nt _! own ma/]s wor?y ( all honor1 t ! "n ( ,god & 8 doctr9es be n blasphem$4 ,& !y t h believ+ ma/]s1 let !m n despise !m because !y are bre?r52 b r d !m s]vice1 because !y are fai?ful & belov$1 p>tak]s ( ! b5efit4,a ,footnote ,a3 #a ,tim4 vi4 #a1 #b4 #a4 ,! apo/le addresses himself "h to two classes ( s]vants1 ) in/ructions to ea* respectively appropriate4 ,bo? ! "o class & ! o!r1 9 ,pr(4 ,/u>t's eye1 7 slaves4 ,?is he assumes1 & ?us begs ! v "q 9 dispute4 ,! t]m s]vant is g5]ic1 z us$ by ! sacr$ writ]s4 ,x compreh5ds all ! v>i\s (fices :i* m5 dis*>ge = ! b5efit ( ea* o!r1 h[ev] honorable1 or h[ev] m5ial2 f t ( an apo/le,b op5+ ! pa? to heav51 to t ( wa%+ "o ano!r's feet4,c ,a g5]al t]m x is1 compreh5d+ e (fice :i* belongs to human relations & ,*ri/ian "*4,d ,footnote ,b3 ,cor4 iv4 #e4 ,footnote ,c3 ,john xiii4 #ad4 ,footnote ,d3 ,mat4 xx4 #bf-bh4 ,a lead+ signification gives u ! manual labor]1 to :om1 9 ! division ( labor1 muscul> ex]tion 0 allott$4 ,z 9 8 ex]tions ! bodily p[]s are especially employ$--su* p[]s z belong to man 9 common ) m]e animals--8 sph]e has g5]ally be5 consid]$ l[ & humble4 ,& z intellectual p[] is sup]ior to bodily1 ! manual labor] has always be5 expos$ 9 v num]\s ways & 9 v>i\s degrees to oppression4 ,cunn+1 intrigue1 ! oily tongue1 h1 ?r\gh ext5d$ & p[]ful conspiracies1 br\ght ! res\rces ( society "u ! control ( ! few1 :o /ood alo( f 8 homely toil4 ,h5ce 8 dep5d5ce ^u !m4 ,h5ce ! multipli$ injuries :i* h fall5 s heavily ^u him4 ,h5ce ! r$uction ( 8 wages f "o degree to ano!r1 till at l5g?1 9 ! case ( millions1 fraud & viol5ce /rip him ( 8 all1 blot 8 "n f ! record ( mank9d1 &1 putt+ a yoke ^u 8 neck1 drive him away to toil among ! cattle4 ,"h y f9d ! slave4 ,to r$uce ! s]vant to 8 condition1 requires abuses altoge!r mon/r\s--injuries rea*+ ! v vitals ( man--/abs ^u ! v he>t ( humanity4 ,n[1 :at "r has ,pr(4 ,/u>t to make ! ^w s]vants1 compreh5d+1 ev5 z manual labor]s1 s _m & su* v>i\s mean+s1 signify slaves1 especially :]e diff]5t classes are conc]n$8 ,su* a "r he c\ld nev] h d]iv$ f humanity1 or philosophy1 or h]m5eutics4 ,is x 8 by sympa?y ) ! oppressor8 ,yes1 diff]5t classes4 ,?is is impli$ 9 ! t]m z _m1,a :i* sets ap>t ! class n[ to be address$4 ,f ^! he proce$s to o!rs1 :o are introduc$ by a p>ticle1,b ^: natural mean+ indicates ! pres5ce ( ano!r & a diff]5t subject4 ,footnote ,a3 ,greek3 ,osoi4 ,see ,pass['s ,s*neid]4 ,footnote ,b3 ,greek3 ,de4 ,see ,pass[4 #b4 ,! fir/ class are describ$ z "u ! yoke--a yoke f :i* !y 71 accord+ to ! apo/le1 to make _! escape if possible4,c ,if n1 !y mu/ 9 e way reg>d ! ma/] ) respect--b[+ to 8 au?ority1 work+ 8 w1 subs]v+ 8 int]e/s s f> z might be consi/5t ) ,*ri/ian "*4,d ,& ?is1 to prev5t blasphemy--to prev5t ! pagan ma/] f heap+ pr(ane reproa*es ^u ! "n ( ,god & ! doctr9es ( ! gospel4 ,!y %\ld bew>e ( r\s+ 8 passions1 :i*1 z 8 helpless victims1 !y might be unable to allay or )/&4 ,footnote ,c3 ,see #a ,cor4 vii4 #ba--;,greek3 ,all ei kai d u n a s a i eleu!ros g5e/hai4 ,footnote ,d3 #a ,cor4 vii4 #bc--;,greek3 ,mae g9e/he d\loi an?ropon4 ,b all ! s]vants :om ! apo/le address$ 7 n "u ! yoke,e--an in/rum5t appropriate to cattle & to slaves4 ,^! he di/+ui%es f ano!r class1 :o in/ead ( a yoke--! badge ( a slave--_h believ+ ma/]s4 ,to h a believ+ ma/]1 !n1 0 equival5t to fre$om f ! yoke4 ,^! s]vants 7 exhort$ n to despise _! ma/]s4 ,:at ne$ ( su* an exhortation1 if _! ma/]s _h be5 slavehold]s1 hold+ !m z prop]ty1 wield+ !m z m]e in/rum5ts1 dispos+ ( !m z articles ( m]*&ise8 ,b ?is 0 n consi/5t ) believ+4 ,fai?1 break+ e yoke1 unit$ ma/] & s]vants 9 ! bonds ( bro!rhood4 ,bre?r5 !y 71 jo9$ 9 a relation :i*1 exclud+ ! yoke1,f plac$ !m side by side on ! gr\nd ( equality1 :]e1 ea* 9 8 appropriate sph]e1 !y might ex]t !mselves freely & usefully1 to ! mutual b5efit ( ea* o!r4 ,"h1 s]vants might ne$ to be caution$ aga9/ gett+ above _! appropriate bus9ess1 putt+ on airs1 despis+ _! ma/]s1 & ?us decl9+ or neglect+ _! s]vice4,g ,in/ead ( ?is1 !y %\ld be1 z emancipat$ slaves (t5 h be51,h models ( ent]prise1 fidelity1 activity1 & usefulness--especially z _! ma/]s 7 wor?y ( _! confid5ce & love1 _! help]s 9 ?is well-do+4,i ,footnote ,e3 ,see ,lev4 xxvi4 #ac2 ,isa4 lviii4 #f1 #i4 ,footnote ,f3 ,supra p4 #dg4 ,footnote ,g3 ,see ,matt4 vi4 #bd4 ,footnote ,h3 ,^?1 = in/ance1 set free by t believ+ ma/] ,james ,g4 ,birney4 ,footnote ,i3 ,! foll[+ exposition is f ! p5 ( ,,elizur ,,wright1 ,,jr43--,?is ^w ,greek3 antilambane/hai1 9 our humble op9ion1 has be5 s unfairly us$ by ! comm5tators1 t we feel con/ra9$ to take its "p4 ,our excell5t translators1 9 r5d]+ ! clause 'p>tak]s ( ! b5efit1' evid5tly lo/ sight ( ! compon5t preposition1 :i* expresses ! opposition ( reciprocity1 r ?an ! connection ( p>ticipation4 ,!y h giv5 x exactly ! s5se ( ,greek3 metalambane91 7#b ,tim4 ii4 #f47 ,_h ! apo/le int5d$ su* a s5se1 he w\ld h us$ ! latt] v]b1 or "o ( ! m common words1 ,greek3 meto*oi1 ko9on\ntes1 c4 7,see ,heb4 iii4 #a1 & #a ,tim4 v4 #bb1 :]e ! latt] ^w is us$ 9 ! clause1 'nei!r be p>tak] ( o!r m5's s9s4' ,_h ! v]b 9 our text be5 us$1 x might h be5 r5d]$1 'nei!r be ! "p-tak] ( o!r m5's s9s4'7 ,! prim>y s5se ( ,greek3 antilambano is to take 9 return--to take in/ead (1 c4 ,h5ce1 9 ! middle ) ! g5itive1 x signifies assi/1 or d "o's "p t[>ds ! p]son or ?+ express$ by t g5itive4 ,9 ?is s5se only is ! ^w us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4--7,see ,luke i4 #ed1 & ,acts xx4 #ce47 ,if ?is be true1 ! ^w ,greek3 eu]gesai c n signify ! b5efit conf]r$ by ! gospel1 z our common v]sion w\ld make x1 b ! well-do+ ( ! s]vants1 :o %\ld cont9ue to s]ve _! believ+ ma/]s1 :ile !y 7 no long] "u ! yoke ( compulsion4 ,?is ^w is us$ else:]e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t b once1 7,acts iv4 #c47 9 relation to ! 'good de$' done to ! impot5t man4 ,! pla9 import ( ! clause1 unmy/ifi$ by ! comm5tators1 is1 t believ+ ma/]s w\ld n fail to d _! "p t[>ds1 or enc\rage by suitable returns1 ! free s]vice ( ^? :o _h once be5 "u ! yoke4 ,su*1 !n1 is ! relation betwe5 ^? :o1 9 ! view ( ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 7 ,*ri/ian ma/]s & ,*ri/ian slaves,a--! relation ( bre?r51 :i*1 exclud+ ! yoke1 & ( c\rse conf]r+ fre$om1 plac$ !m side by side on ! common gr\nd ( mutual s]vice1 bo? reta9+1 = conv5i5ce's sake1 ! "o :ile giv+ & ! o!r :ile receiv+ employm5t1 ! correlative "n1 z is usual 9 su* cases1 "u :i* !y _h be5 kn[n4 ,su* 0 ! in/ruction :i* ,timo?y 0 requir$1 z a ,*ri/ian m9i/]1 to give4 ,0 x fri5dly to slavehold+8 ,footnote ,a3 ,lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 supra1 p4 #g4 ,& on :at gr\nd1 accord+ to ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 did ^! ma/]s & ^! s]vants /& 9 _! relation to ea* o!r8 ,on t ( a p]fect religi\s equality4,a ,9 all ! relations1 duties1 & privileges--9 all ! objects1 int]e/s1 & prospects1 :i* belong to ! prov9ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 s]vants 7 z free z _! ma/]4 ,! p[]s ( ! "o1 7 all[$ z wide a range & z free an ex]cise1 ) z w>m enc\ragem5ts1 z active aids1 & z high results1 z ! o!r4 ,"h1 ! relation ( a s]vant to 8 ma/] impos$ no re/rictions1 involv$ no emb>rassm5ts1 occasion$ no injury4 ,all ?is1 cle>ly & c]ta9ly1 is impli$ 9 p]fect religi\s equality1 :i* ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor accords to s]vants 9 relation to _! ma/]4 ,might ! ma/]1 !n1 9 ord] m fully to atta9 ! great ends = :i* he 0 creat$ & r$eem$1 freely ex]t himself to increase 8 acqua9tance ) 8 own p[]s1 & relations1 & res\rces--) 8 prospects1 opportunities1 & advantages8 ,s might 8 s]vants4 ,0 he at lib]ty to /udy to approve himself to ,god1 to submit to 8 w & b[ to 8 au?ority1 z ! sole /&>d ( affection & ex]tion8 ,s 7 !y4 ,0 he at lib]ty to sanctify ! ,sabba?1 & frequ5t ! solemn assembly8 ,s 7 !y4 ,0 he at lib]ty s to honor ! filial1 conjugal1 & pat]nal relations1 z to f9d 9 !m t spr+ ( activity & t s\rce ( enjoym5t1 :i* !y are capable ( yield+8 ,s 7 !y4 ,9 e dep>tm5t ( int]e/ & ex]tion1 !y might use _! capacities1 & wield _! p[]s1 & improve _! opportunities1 & employ _! res\rces1 z freely z he1 9 glorify+ ,god1 9 bless+ mank9d1 & 9 lay+ up imp]i%able treasures = !mselves6 ,give p]fect religi\s equality to ! ,am]ican slave1 & ! mo/ eag] abolitioni/ mu/ be satisfi$4 ,su* equality w\ld1 l ! brea? ( ! ,almighty1 dissolve ! la/ l9k ( ! *a9 ( s]vitude4 ,d>e ^? :o1 = ! b5efit ( slav]y1 h giv5 s wide & active a circulation d ! ,pittsburgh pamphlet1 make ! exp]im5t8 ,footnote ,a3 ,pittsburgh ,pamphlet1 p4 #i4 ,9 ! epi/le to ! ,colossians1 ! foll[+ passage des]ves e>ne/ att5tion3--,s]vants1 obey 9 all ?+s y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%2 n ) eye-s]vice1 z m5-pleas]s2 b 9 s+l5ess ( he>t1 fe>+ ,god3 & :atsoev] ye d1 d x he>tily1 z to ! ,"l1 & n unto m52 kn[+1 t ( ! ,"l ye %all receive ! rew>d ( ! inh]itance2 = ye s]ve ! ,"l ,*ri/4 ,b he t doe? wrong %all receive = ! wrong :i* he ha? done3 & !re is no respect ( p]sons4--,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is j & equal2 kn[+ t ye h a ,ma/] 9 heav54,a ,footnote ,a3 ,col4 iii4 #bb to iv4 #a4 ,"h x is natural to rem>k-- #a4 ,t 9 ma9ta9+ ! relation1 :i* mutually unit$ !m1 bo? ma/]s & s]vants 7 to act 9 con=mity ) ! pr9ciples ( ! div9e gov]nm5t4 ,:atev] !y did1 s]vants 7 to d 9 he>ty ob$i5ce to ! ,"l1 by ^: au?ority !y 7 to be controll$ & by ^: h& !y 7 to be rew>d$4 ,to ! same ,"l1 & accord+ to ! same law1 0 ! ma/] to hold himself responsible4 ,bo? ! "o & ! o!r 7 ( c\rse equally at lib]ty & alike requir$ to /udy & apply ! /&>d1 by :i* !y 7 to be gov]n$ & judg$4 #b4 ,! basis ( ! gov]nm5t "u :i* !y ?us 7 plac$1 0 righte\sness--/rict1 /]n1 imp>tial4 ,no?+ "h ( bias or antipa?y4 ,bir?1 weal?1 /ation1--! du/ ( ! balance n s light6 ,bo? ma/] & s]vants 7 ha/5+ to a tribunal1 :]e no?+ ( respect ( p]sons c\ld be fe>$ or hop$ =4 ,!re ! wrong-do]1 :oev] he might be1 & :e!r f ! top or bottom ( society1 mu/ be dealt ) accord+ to 8 des]v+s4 #c4 ,"u ?is gov]nm5t1 s]vants 7 to be univ]sally & he>tily ob$i5t2 & bo? 9 ! pres5ce & abs5ce ( ! ma/]1 fai?fully to dis*>ge _! obligations4 ,! ma/] on 8 "p1 9 8 relations to ! s]vants1 0 to make ,,ju/ice ,,& ,,equality ! /&>d ( 8 conduct4 ,"u ! au?ority ( su* in/ructions1 slav]y falls disc\nt5anc$1 condemn$1 abhorr$4 ,x is flagrantly at w> ) ! gov]nm5t ( ,god1 consi/s 9 respect ( p]sons ! mo/ %ameless & outrage\s1 treads ju/ice & equality "u foot1 & 9 its natural t5d5cy & practical effects is no?+ else ?an a sy/em ( wrong-do+4 ,:at h !y to d ) ! j & ! equal :o 9 _! respect ( p]sons proce$ to su* a pit* z to treat "o bro!r z a ?+ because he is a s]vant1 & place him1 )\t ! lea/ reg>d to 8 welf>e "h1 or 8 prospects h]eaft]1 absolutely at ! disposal ( ano!r bro!r1 "u ! "n ( ma/]1 9 ! relation ( own] to prop]ty8 ,ju/ice & equality on ! "o h&1 & ! *attel pr9ciple on ! o!r1 are naturally subv]sive ( ea* o!r--pro( cle> & decisive t ! correlates1 ma/]s & s]vants1 _c "h be r5d]$ slaves & own]s1 )\t ! grosse/ absurdity & ! greate/ viol5ce4 ,! relation ( slav]y1 accord+ to ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 is recogniz$ 9 ! precepts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z "o :i* may /ill exi/ )\t violat+ ! ,*ri/ian fai? or ! *ur*4,a ,slav]y & ! *attel pr9ciple6 ,s our pr(essor ?9ks2 o!rwise 8 ref]5ce has no?+ to d ) ! subject--) ! slav]y :i* ! abolitioni/1 :om he d]ides1 /&s oppos$ to4 ,h[ gross & hurtful is ! mi/ake into :i* he all[s himself to fall4 ,! relation recogniz$ 9 ! precepts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t _h its basis & support 9 ju/ice & equality2 ! v opposite ( ! *attel pr9ciple2 a relation :i* may exi/ z long z ju/ice & equality rema91 & ?us escape ! de/ruction to :i*1 9 ! view ( ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 slav]y is doom$4 ,! description ( ,paul oblit]ates e feature ( ,am]ican slav]y1 rais+ ! s]vant to equality ) 8 ma/]1 & plac+ 8 rights "u ! protection ( ju/ice2 yet ! eye ( ,pr(4 ,/u>t c see no?+ 9 8 ma/] & s]vant b a slave & 8 own]4 ,) ?is relation he is s ?or\ghly possess$1 t1 l an evil angel1 x haunts him ev5 :5 he ent]s ! temple ( ju/ice6 ,footnote ,a3 ,lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 supra p4 #g4 ,x is rem>kable1 ) ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 t !re is n ev5 an exhortation 9 ! writ+s ( ! apo/les to ma/]s to lib]ate _! slaves1 mu* less is x urg$ z an imp]ative & imm$iate duty4,b ,x w\ld be rem>kable1 inde$1 if !y 7 *>geable ) a defect s great & gl>+4 ,& s !y h no?+ to say ^u ! subject8 ,t n ev5 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor has ! assurance to affirm4 ,he admits t ,,k9dness1 ,,m]cy1 ,,& ,,ju/ice1 7 enjo9$ ) a di/9ct ref]5ce to ! gov]nm5t ( ,god4,c ,)\t respect ( p]sons1 !y 7 to be ,god-l 9 do+ ju/ice4 ,!y 7 to act ! "p ( k9d & m]ciful bre?r54 ,& :i!r w\ld ?is lead !m8 ,c\ld !y /op %ort ( re/or+ to e man 8 natural1 inali5able rights8--( do+ :at !y c\ld to r$ress ! wrongs1 soo! ! sorr[s1 improve ! "*1 & raise ! condition ( ! degrad$ & oppress$8 ,especially1 if oppress$ & degrad$ by any ag5cy ( !irs4 ,c\ld x be k9d1 m]ciful1 or j to keep ! *a9s ( slav]y on _! helpless1 un(f5d+ bro!r8 ,w\ld ?is be to honor ! ,gold5 ,rule1 or obey ! second great comm& ( _! ,ma/] 9 heav58 ,c\ld ! apo/les h subs]v$ ! cause ( fre$om m directly1 intelligibly1 & effectually1 ?an to enjo9 ! pr9ciples1 & s5tim5ts1 & habits1 9 :i* fre$om consi/s--con/itut+ its liv+ root & fruitful g]m8 ,footnote ,b3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet1 p4 #i4 ,footnote ,c3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet1 p4 #aj4 ,! ,pr9ceton pr(essor himself1 9 ! v pap] :i* ! ,s\? has s w>mly welcom$ & s l\dly applaud$ z a scriptural def5se ( ! peculi> in/itution1 ma9ta9s1 t ! ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,! ,,gospel h ,,de/roy$ ,,slav]y ?r\gh\t out ! great] "p ( ,*ri/5dom,a--,,t ,,*ri/ianity ,,has ,,aboli%$ ,,bo? ,,political ,,& ,,dome/ic ,,bondage ,,:]ev] ,,x ,,has ,,_h ,,free ,,scope--t x ,,enjo9s a fair comp5sation = labor2 insi/s on ! m5tal & intellectual improvem5t ( ,,all classes ( m52 condemns ,,all infractions ( m>ital or p>5tal rights2 requires 9 %ort n only t ,,free ,,scope %\ld be all[$ to human improvem5t1 b t ,,all ,,suitable ,,means %\ld be employ$ = ! atta9m5t ( t end4,b ,x is inde$ rem>kable1 t :ile nei!r ,*ri/ nor 8 apo/les ev] gave an exhortation to ma/]s to lib]ate _! slaves1 !y enjo9$ su* g5]al pr9ciples z h de/roy$ dome/ic slav]y ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,*ri/5dom2 t :ile ,*ri/ianity =be>s to urge emancipation z an imp]ative & imm$iate duty1 x ?r[s a b>ri]1 heav5 high1 ar\nd e dome/ic circle2 protects all ! rights ( ! husb& & ! fa!rs2 gives e labor] a fair comp5sation2 & makes ! moral & intellectual improvem5t ( all classes1 ) free scope & all suitable means1 ! object ( its t5d] solicitude & high au?ority4 ,?is is n only rem>kable1 b inexplicable4 ,yes & no--hot & cold1 9 "o & ! same brea?6 ,& yet ^! ?+s /& prom95t 9 :at is reckon$ an acute1 +5i\s1 effective def5se ( slav]y6 ,footnote ,a3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet p4 #ah4 #ai4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! same1 p4 #ca4 ,9 8 lett] to ! ,cor9?ian *ur*1 ! apo/le ,paul furni%es ano!r lesson ( in/ruction1 expressive ( 8 views & feel+s on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,let e man abide 9 ! same call+ :]e9 he 0 call$4 ,art ?\ call$ be+ a s]vant8 c>e n = x3 b if ?\ maye/ be made free1 use x r4 ,= he t is call$ 9 ! ,"l1 be+ a s]vant1 is ! ,"l's freeman3 likewise also he t is call$1 be+ free1 is ,*ri/'s s]vant4 ,ye are b\ght ) a price2 be n ye ! s]vants ( m54,a ,footnote ,a3 #a ,cor4 vii4 #bj-bc4 ,9 expla9+ & apply+ ?is passage1 x is prop] to sugge/1 #a4 ,t x c\ld n h be5 ! object ( ! apo/le to b9d ! ,cor9?ian conv]ts to ! /ations & employm5ts 9 :i* ! ,gospel f\nd !m4 ,= he exhorts "s ( !m to escape1 if possible1 f _! pres5t condition4 ,9 ! s]vile /ate1 "u ! yoke1 !y ought n to rema9 unless impell$ by /]n necessity4 ,if ?\ can/ be free1 use x r4 ,if !y ought to pref] fre$om to bondage & to ex]t !mselves to escape f ! latt] = ! sake ( ! =m]1 c\ld _! ma/] consi/5tly ) ! claims & _s ( ! ,gospel h h9d]$ or disc\rag$ !m 9 s do+8 ,_! bro!r c\ld he be1 :o kept ! yoke ^u _! neck1 :i* ! apo/le w\ld h !m %ake (f if possible8 ,& _h su* ma/]s be5 memb]s ( ! ,cor9?ian *ur*1 :at inf]5ces mu/ !y h drawn f ?is exhortation to _! s]vants8 ,t ! apo/le reg>d$ slav]y z a ,*ri/ian in/itution8--or c\ld look complac5tly on any ef=ts to introduce or ma9ta9 x 9 ! *ur*8 ,c\ld !y h expect$ less f him ?an a /]n rebuke1 if !y refus$ to ex]t !mselves 9 ! cause ( fre$om8 #b4 ,b :ile !y 7 to use _! fre$om1 if !y c\ld obta9 x1 !y %\ld n1 ev5 on su* a subject1 give !mselves up to ceaseless anxiety4 ,! ,"l 0 no respect] ( p]sons4 ,!y ne$ n fe>1 t ! l[ e/ate1 to :i* !y _h be5 wick$ly r$uc$1 w\ld prev5t !m f enjoy+ ! gifts ( 8 h& or ! light ( 8 c\nt5ance4 ,he w\ld respect _! rights1 soo? _! sorr[s1 & p\r ^u _! he>ts1 & *]i% !re1 ! _s ( lib]ty4 ,= he t is call$ 9 ! ,"l1 be+ a s]vant1 is ! ,"l's freeman4 ,9 him1 !re=e1 %\ld !y *e]fully confide4 #c4 ,! apo/le1 h[ev]1 =bids !m s to acquiesce 9 ! s]vile relation1 z to act inconsi/5tly ) _! ,*ri/ian obligations4 ,to _! ,savior !y belong$4 ,by 8 blood !y _h be5 pur*as$4 ,x %\ld be _! great object1 !re=e1 to r5d] ,him a he>ty & effective s]vice4 ,!y %\ld p]mit no man1 :oev] he might be1 to ?ru/ 9 himself betwe5 !m & _! ,r$eem]4 ,ye are b\ght ) a price2 ,,be ,,n ,,ye ,,! ,,s]vants ,,( ,,m54 ,) 8 eye ^u ! passage j quot$ & expla9$1 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor ass]ts t ,paul repres5ts ?is relation--! relation ( slav]y--z ( comp>atively little acc\nt4,a ,& ?is he applies--o!rwise x is no?+ to 8 purpose--to ,am]ican slav]y4 ,does he !n reg>d x z a small matt]1 a m]e trifle1 to be ?r[n "u ! slave-laws ( ?is republic1 grimly & fi]cely exclud+ _! victim f almo/ e means ( improvem5t1 & field ( usefulness1 & s\rce ( com=t2 & mak+ him1 body & sub/ance1 ) 8 wife & babes1 ! s]vant ( m58 ,c\ld su* a relation be acquiesc$ 9 consi/5tly ) ! in/ructions ( ! apo/le8 ,footnote ,a3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet p4 #aj4 ,to ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor ! comm5d a practical trial ( ! be>+ ( ! passage 9 h& ^u ,am]ican slav]y4 ,8 reg>d = ! unity & prosp]ity ( ! ecclesia/ical organizations1 :i* 9 v>i\s =ms & "u diff]5t names unite ! s\!rn ) ! nor!rn *ur*es1 w make ! exp]im5t grateful to 8 feel+s4 ,let him1 !n1 z soon z 8 conv5i5ce w p]mit1 proce$ to ,georgia4 ,no religi\s tea*],b f any free /ate1 c be likely to receive s g5]al & s w>m a welcome !re4 ,to allay ! heat1 :i* ! doctr9es & movem5ts ( ! abolitioni/s h occasion$ 9 ! s\!rn m9d1 let him ) z mu* despat* z possible collect1 z he goes f place to place1 ma/]s & _! slaves4 ,n[ let all m51 :om x may conc]n1 see & own t slav]y is a ,*ri/ian in/itution6 ,) 8 ,bible 9 8 h& & 8 eye ^u ! passage 9 "q1 he addresses himself to ! task ( in/ruct+ ! slaves ar\nd him4 ,let n y\r he>ts1 my bre?r51 be ov]*>g$ ) sorr[1 or eat5 up ) anxiety4 ,y\r s]vile condition _c deprive y ( ! fa!rly reg>ds ( ,him :o is no respect] ( p]sons4 ,fre$om y ought1 inde$1 to pref]4 ,if y c escape f ! yoke1 ?r[ x (f4 ,9 ! mean "t rejoice t :]e ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is1 !re is lib]ty2 t ! ,gospel places slaves on a p]fect religi\s equality ) _! ma/]2 s t e ,*ri/ian is ! ,"l's freeman4 ,&1 = y\r enc\ragem5t1 rememb] t ,*ri/ianity has aboli%$ bo? political & dome/ic s]vitude :5ev] x has _h free scope4 ,x enjo9s a fair comp5sation = labor2 x insi/s on ! moral & intellectual improvem5t ( all classes ( m52 x condemns all infractions ( m>ital or p>5tal rights2 9 %ort x requires n only t free scope be all[$ to human improvem5t1 b t all suitable means %\ld be employ$ = ! atta9m5t ( t end4,c ,let y\r lives1 !n1 be honorable to y\r relations to y\r ,savior4 ,he b\ght y ) 8 own blood2 & is entitl$ to y\r w>me/ love & mo/ effective s]vice4 ,be n ye ! s]vants ( m54 ,let no human arrangem5ts prev5t y1 z citiz5s ( ! k+dom ( heav51 f mak+ ! mo/ ( y\r p[]s & opportunities4 ,w\ld su* an ef=t1 g5]ally & he>tily made1 allay excitem5t at ! ,s\?1 & qu5* ! flames ( discord1 e day ris+ high] & wax+ hott]1 9 almo/ e "p ( ! republic1 & cem5t ! ,union8 ,footnote ,b3 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,savage1 ( ,utica1 ,new ,york1 _h1 n v long ago1 a free conv]sation ) a g5tleman ( high /&+ 9 ! lit]>y & religi\s _w f a slavehold+ /ate1 :]e ! peculi> in/itution is *]i%$ ) great w>m? & ma9ta9$ ) iron rigor4 ,by him1 ,mr4 ,savage 0 assur$1 t ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor _h1 ?r\gh ! ,pittsburgh pamphlet1 contribut$ mo/ p[]fully & effectually to br+ ! :ole ,s\? "u ! p]suasion1 t slavehold+ is 9 itself "r--a sy/em to :i* ! ,bible gives c\nt5ance & support4 ,9 an extract f an article 9 ! ,s\!rn ,*ri/ian ,s5t9el1 a new ,presbyt]ian pap] e/abli%$ 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ins]t$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,j\rnal = ,m>* #ba1 #ahci1 we f9d ! foll[+ p>agraphs f ! p5 ( ,rev4 ,c4,w4 ,h[>d1 & accord+ to ,mr4 ,*e/]1 ably & freely endors$ by ! editor4 ,!re is sc>cely any div]sity ( s5tim5t at ! ,nor? ^u ?is subject4 ,! great mass ( ! p believ+ slav]y to be s9ful1 are cle>ly ( ! op9ion t z a sy/em1 x %\ld be aboli%$ ?r\gh\t ?is l& & ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,!y diff] z to ! "t & mode ( abolition4 ,! abolitioni/s consi/5tly argue1 t :atev] is s9ful1 %\ld be in/antly ab&on$4 ,! o!rs1 by a /range sort ( reason+ = ,*ri/ian m51 cont5d t ?\gh slav]y is s9ful1 yet x may be all[$ to exi/ until x %all be exp$i5t to aboli% x2 or if1 9 _m cases1 ?is reason+ might be translat$ into pla9 ,engli%1 ! s5se w\ld be1 bo? 9 *ur* & ,/ate1 slav]y1 ?\gh s9ful1 may be all[$ to exi/ until our int]e/ w suff] u to say t x mu/ be aboli%$4 ,?is is n sl&]2 x is simply a pla9 way ( /at+ a pla9 tru?4 ,x does seem ! evid5t duty ( e man to become an abolitioni/1 :o believes slav]y to be s9ful1 = ! ,bible all[s no tamp]+ ) s94 ,to ^! rem>ks1 !re are "s noble exceptions to be f\nd 9 bo? p>ties 9 ! *ur*4 ,! ,s\? owes a debt ( gratitude to ! ,biblical ,rep]tory1 = ! fe>less argum5t 9 behalf ( ! position1 t slav]y is n =bidd5 by ! ,bible4 ,! writ] ( t article is said1 )\t contradiction1 to be ,pr(4 ,hodge ( ,pr9ceton--,,8 ,,"n ,,ought ,,to ,,be ,,kn[n ,,& ,,rev]$ ,,among ,,y1 my bre?r51 = 9 a l& ( anti-slav]y m51 he is ! ,,only ,,"o :o has d>$ to v9dicate y\r "* f ! s]i\s *>ge ( liv+ 9 ! habitual transgression ( ,god's holy law4 ,footnote ,c3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet p4 #ca4 ,x is1 affirms ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 on all h&s ackn[l$g$1 t1 at ! "t ( ! adv5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 slav]y 9 its wor/ =ms prevail$ ov] ! :ole _w4 ,! ,savior f\nd x ar\nd him 9 ,,judea4,a ,to say t he f\nd x 9 ,judea1 is to speak ambigu\sly4 ,_m ?+s 7 to be f\nd 9 ,judea1 :i* nei!r belong$ to1 nor 7 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,jews4 ,x is n d5i$ t ! ,g5tiles1 :o resid$ among !m1 might h _h slaves2 b ( ! ,jews ?is is d5i$4 ,h[ c\ld ! pr(essor take t z grant$1 ! pro( ( :i* ent]$ vitally into ! argum5t & 0 ess5tial to ! s\ndness ( ! conclusions to :i* he w\ld conduct u8 ,h[ c\ld he take advantage ( an ambigu\s expression to conduct 8 confid+ read]s on to a position :i*1 if 8 own eyes 7 op51 he mu/ h kn[n !y c\ld n hold 9 ! light ( op5 day8 ,footnote ,a3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet p4 #i4 ,we d n *>ge ! ,savior ) any want ( wisdom1 goodness1 or c\rage1,b = refus+ to break d[n ! wall ( p>tition betwe5 ,jews & ,g5tiles be=e ! "t appo9t$4 ,:ile ?is b>ri] /ood1 he c\ld n1 consi/5tly ) ! plan ( r$emption1 imp>t in/ruction freely to ! ,g5tiles4 ,to "s ext5t1 & on extraord9>y occasions1 he might h done s4 ,b 8 bus9ess !n 0 ) ! lo/ %eep ( ! h\se ( ,israel4,c ,! propriety ( ?is arrangem5t is n ! matt] ( dispute betwe5 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor & ourselves4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! same1 p4 #aj4 ,footnote ,c3 ,matt4 xv4 #bd4 ,9 dispos+ ( ! "q :e!r ! ,jews held slaves dur+ our ,savior's inc>nation among !m1 ! foll[+ po9ts des]ve e>ne/ att5tion3-- #a4 ,slavehold+ is inconsi/5t ) ! ,mosaic economy4 ,= ! pro( ( ?is1 we w\ld ref] our read]s1 among o!r argum5ts m or less appropriate & p[]ful1 to ! tract already allud$ to4,a ,9 all ! ext]nal relations & visible arrangem5ts ( life1 ! ,jews1 dur+ our ,savior's m9i/ry among !m1 seem to h be5 scrupul\sly obs]vant ( ! in/itutions & usages ( ! ,old ,disp5sation4 ,!y /ood f> alo( f :atev] 0 *>act]i/ic ( ,sam>itans & ,g5tiles4 ,f idolatry & slavehold+--^? tw9-vices :i* _h always s greatly prevail$ among ! hea!n--!y seem at l5g?1 z ! result ( a mo/ pa9ful discipl9e1 to h be5 effectually divorc$4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,bible aga9/ ,slav]y4 #b4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ) m>k$ fidelity & great p[]1 act$ among ! ,jews ! "p ( a reprov]1 he f\nd no occasion to repeat & apply ! language ( 8 pr$ecessors1,b 9 expos+ & rebuk+ idolatry & slavehold+4 ,c\ld he1 ! greate/ ( ! prophets1 h be5 less effectually ar\s$ by ! pres5ce ( ! yoke1 ?an 0 ,isaiah8--or less intrepid & decisive 9 expos+ & d5\nc+ ! s9 ( oppression "u its mo/ hateful & injuri\s =ms8 ,footnote ,b3 ,psalm lxxxii2 ,isa4 lviii4 #a-ab2 ,j]4 xxii4 #ac-af4 #c4 ,! ,savior 0 n backw>d 9 apply+ 8 own pr9ciples pla9ly & po9t$ly to su* =ms ( oppression z appe>$ among ! ,jews4 ,^! pr9ciples1 :5ev] !y h be5 freely act$ on1 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor admits1 h aboli%$ dome/ic bondage4 ,_h ?is prevail$ )9 ! sph]e ( our ,savior's m9i/ry1 he c\ld n1 consi/5tly ) 8 g5]al "*1 h fail$ to expose & condemn x4 ,! oppression ( ! p by lordly ecclesia/ics1 ( p>5ts by _! selfi% *ildr51 ( wid[s by _! gho/ly c\nsellors1 drew f 8 lips scor*+ rebukes & t]rible d5unciations4,c ,h[1 !n1 mu/ he h felt & spoke 9 ! pres5ce ( su* tyranny1 if su* tyranny _h be5 )9 8 (ficial sph]e1 z %\ld h made wid[s1 by driv+ _! husb&s to "s fle%-m>ket1 & _! *ildr5 n orphans1 b cattle8 ,footnote ,c3 ,matt4 xxiii2 ,m>k vii4 #a-ac4 #d4 ,dome/ic slav]y 0 manife/ly inconsi/5t ) ! indu/ry1 :i*1 9 ! =m ( manual labor1 s g5]ally prevail$ among ! ,jews4 ,9 "o connection1 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 we are in=m$1 t1 com+ f ,a!ns to ,cor9?1 ,paul f\nd a c]ta9 ,jew nam$ ,aquila1 born 9 ,pontus1 lately come f ,italy1 ) 8 wife ,priscilla2 7because t ,claudius _h comm&$ all ,jews to dep>t f ,rome27 & came unto !m4 ,& because he 0 ( ! same craft1 he abode ) !m & wr\ght3 7= by _! occupation !y 7 t5t-mak]s47,a ,?is passage has op5$ ! way = diff]5t comm5tators to ref] u to ! public s5tim5t & g5]al practice ( ! ,jews respect+ useful indu/ry & manual labor4 ,accord+ to ,lightfoot1 x 0 _! cu/om to br+ up _! *ildr5 to "s trade1 yea1 ?\gh !y gave !m le>n+ or e/ates4 ,accord+ to ,rabbi ,judah1 ,he t tea*es n 8 son a trade1 is z if he taught him to be a ?ief4,b ,x 01 ,ku9oel affirms1 cu/om>y ev5 = ,jewi% tea*]s to unite labor 7opificium7 ) ! /udy ( ! law4 ,?is he confirms by ! highe/ ,rabb9ical au?ority4,c ,he9ri*s quotes a ,rabbi z tea*+1 t no man %\ld by any means neglect to tra9 8 son to hone/ indu/ry4,d ,accord+ly1 ! apo/le ,paul1 ?\gh br\ght up at ! feet ( ,gamaliel1 ! di/+ui%$ disciple ( a mo/ illu/ri\s tea*]1 practic$ ! art ( t5t-mak+4 ,8 own h&s m9i/]$ to 8 necessities2 & 8 example 9 s do+1 he comm5ds to 8 ,g5tile bre?r5 = _! imitation4,e ,t ,zeb$ee1 ! fa!r ( ,john ! ,evangeli/1 _h weal?1 v>i\s h9ts 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t r5d] probable4,f ,yet h[ d we f9d him & 8 sons1 :ile prosecut+ _! appropriate bus9ess8 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! hir$ s]vants1 9 ! %ip m5d+ _! nets4,g ,footnote ,a3 ,acts xviii4 #a-c4 ,footnote ,b3 ,h5ry on ,acts xviii1 #a-c4 ,footnote ,c3 ,ku9oel on ,acts4 ,footnote ,d3 ,he9ri*s on ,acts4 ,footnote ,e3 ,acts xx4 #cd1 #ce2 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #aa ,footnote ,f3 ,see ,ku9oel's ,prolegom4 to ! ,gospel ( ,john4 ,footnote ,g3 ,m>k i4 #ai1 #bj4 ,slav]y among a p :o1 f ! highe/ to ! l[e/1 7 us$ to manual labor6 ,:at occasion = slav]y !re8 ,& h[ c\ld x be ma9ta9$8 ,no place c be f\nd = slav]y among a p g5]ally inur$ to useful indu/ry4 ,) su*1 especially if m5 ( le>n+1 weal?1 & /ation labor1 work+ ) _! h&s1 su* labor mu/ be honorable4 ,on ?is subject1 let ,jewi% maxims & ,jewi% habits be adopt$ at ! ,s\?1 & ! peculi> in/itution w\ld vani% l a gho/ at daybreak4 #e4 ,ano!r h9t1 "h des]v+ p>ticul> att5tion1 is furni%$ 9 ! allusions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t to ! l[e/ ca/s & mo/ s]vile employm5ts among ! ,jews4 ,) pr(ligates1 publicans 7 jo9$ z deprav$ & contemptible4 ,! outca/s ( society 7 describ$1 n z fit to h]d ) slaves1 b z des]v+ a place among ,sam>itans & publicans4 ,!y 7 hir$ s]vants1 :om ,zeb$ee employ$4 ,9 ! p>able ( ! prodigal son we h a weal?y ,jewi% family4 ,"h s]vants seem to h ab\nd$4 ,! prodigal1 bitt]ly bewail+ 8 wret*$ness & folly1 describ$ _! condition z greatly sup]ior to 8 own4 ,h[ happy ! *ange :i* %\ld place him by _! side6 ,8 remorse1 & %ame1 & p5it5ce made him will+ to embrace ! lot ( ! l[e/ ( !m all4 ,b ^!--:at 0 _! condition8 ,!y 7 ,,hir$ ,,s]vants4 ,make me z "o ( ?y hir$ s]vants4 ,su* he ref]s to z ! l[e/ m5ials kn[n 9 ,jewi% life4 ,lay su* h9ts z h n[ be5 sugge/$ toge!r2 let x be rememb]$1 t slav]y 0 inconsi/5t ) ! ,mosaic economy2 t ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 prep>+ ! way = ! ,messiah makes no ref]5ce to ! yoke :i*1 _h x be5 be=e him1 he w\ld1 l ,isaiah1 h condemn$2 t ! ,savior1 :ile he took ! "p ( ! poor & sympa?iz$ ) ! oppress$2 0 evid5tly sp>$ ! pa9 ( witness+ )9 ! sph]e ( 8 m9i/ry1 ! pres5ce ( ! *attel pr9ciple2 t x 0 ! habit ( ! ,jews1 :oev] !y might be1 high or l[1 ri* or poor1 le>n$ or rude1 to labor1 work+ ) _! h&s2 & t :]e ref]5ce 0 _h to ! mo/ m5ial employm5ts1 9 families1 !y 7 describ$ z c>ri$ on by hir$ s]vants2 & ! "q ( slav]y 9 ,judea1 s f> z ! se$ ( ,abraham 7 conc]n$1 is v easily dispos$ (4 ,) e phase & =m ( society among !m slav]y 0 inconsi/5t4 ,! position :i*1 9 ! article s (t5 ref]r$ to 9 ?is pap]1 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor takes1 is suffici5tly rem>kable4 ,nor!rn abolitioni/s he saw 9 an e>ne/ /ruggle ) s\!rn slavehold]s4 ,! pres5t welf>e & future happ9ess ( myriads ( ! human family 7 at /ake 9 ?is conte/4 ,9 ! heat ( ! battle1 he ?r[s himself betwe5 ! bellig]5t p[]s4 ,he gives ! abolitioni/s to und]/&1 t !y are q mi/ak5 9 ! "* ( ! object !y h set !mselves s op5ly & /]nly aga9/4 ,slavehold+ is n1 z !y suppose1 contr>y to ! law ( ,god4 ,x 0 witness$ by ! ,savior 9 its wor/ =m1,a )\t extort+ f 8 lips a syllable ( rebuke4 ,! sacr$ writ]s did n condemn x4,b ,& :y %\ld !y8 ,by a def9ition,c suffici5tly ambigu\s & slipp]y1 he und]takes to set =? a =m ( slav]y :i* he looks ^u z consi/5t ) ! law ( ,righte\sness4 ,f ?is def9ition he inf]s t ! abolitioni/s are greatly to blame = ma9ta9+ t ,am]ican slav]y is inh]5tly & ess5tially s9ful1 & = insi/+ t x ought at once to be aboli%$4 ,= ?is labor ( love ! slavehold+ ,s\? is w>mly grateful & applauds its rev]5d ally1 z if a v ,daniel _h come z _! advocate to judgm5t4,d ,footnote ,a3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet p4 #i4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! same p4 #ac4 ,footnote ,c3 ,! same p4 #ab4 ,footnote ,d3 ,supra p4 #fa4 ,a few que/ions1 briefly put1 may n "h be inappropriate4 #a4 ,0 ! =m ( slav]y :i* our pr(essor pron\nces innoc5t ! =m witness$ by our ,savior 9 ,judea8 ,t1 he w by no means admit4 ,! slav]y !re 01 he affirms1 ( ! wor/ k9d4 ,h[ !n does he acc\nt = ! all$g$ sil5ce ( ! ,savior8--a sil5ce cov]+ ! ess5ce & ! =m--! in/itution & its wor/ abuses8 #b4 ,is ! slavehold+1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 ,*ri/ianity ju/ifies1 ! same z t :i* ! abolitioni/s s e>ne/ly wi% to see aboli%$8 ,let u see4 ,*ri/ianity 9 support+ ,! ,am]ican sy/em = ,slav]y1 accord+ to ,pr(4 support+ ,slav]y1 ,hodge1 ,enjo9s a fair comp5sation ,makes comp5sation impossible = labor4 by r$uc+ ! labor] to a *attel4 ,x insi/s on ! moral ,x /]nly =bids its victim & intellectual improvem5t to le>n to read ev5 ! ( all classes ( m54 "n ( 8 ,creator & ,r$eem]4 ,x condemns all infractions ,x outlaws ! conjugal & ( m>ital or p>5tal rights4 p>5tal relations4 ,x requires t free scope ,x =bids any ef=t1 on ! %\ld be all[$ to human "p ( myriads ( ! human improvem5t4 family1 to improve _! "*1 condition1 & prospects4 ,x requires t all suitable ,x inflicts heavy p5alties means %\ld be employ$ to improve = tea*+ lett]s to ! mank9d4 to ! poore/ ( ! poor4 ,:]ev] x has _h free scope1 x ,:]ev] x has free scope1 has aboli%$ dome/ic bondage4 x p]petuates dome/ic bondage4 ,n[ x is slav]y accord+ to ! ,am]ican sy/em t ! abolitioni/s are set aga9/4 ,( ! exi/5ce ( any su* =m ( slav]y z is consi/5t ) ,pr(4 ,hodge's acc\nt ( ! requisitions ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y "k no?+4 ,x has nev] met _! notice1 & ( c\rse1 has nev] r\s$ _! feel+s1 or call$ =? _! ex]tions4 ,:at1 !n1 h !y to d ) ! c5sures & reproa*es :i* ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor deals ar\nd8 ,let ^? :o h leisure & good nature protect ! man ( /raw he is s hot aga9/4 ,! abolitioni/s h o!r bus9ess4 ,x is n ! figm5t ( "s sickly bra92 b t sy/em ( oppression :i* 9 !ory is corrupt+1 & 9 practice de/roy+ bo? ,*ur* & ,/ate2--x is ?is t !y feel pl$g$ to d battle ^u1 till by ! j judgm5t ( ,almighty ,god x is ?r[n1 dead & damn$1 into ! bottomless abyss4 #c4 ,h[ c ! ,s\? feel itself protect$ by any %ield :i* may be ?r[n ov] ,,su* ,,slav]y1 z may be consi/5t ) :at ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor describes z ! requisitions ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,is ?is8 ,,! slav]y :i* _! laws describe1 & _! h&s ma9ta98 ,fair comp5sation = labor--m>ital & p>5tal rights--free scope & all suitable means = ! improvem5t1 moral & intellectual1 ( all classes ( m52--are ^!1 accord+ to ! /atutes ( ! ,s\?1 among ! objects ( slavehold+ legislation8 ,e body kn[s t any su* requisition & ,am]ican slav]y are flatly oppos$ to & directly subv]sive ( ea* o!r4 ,:at s]vice1 !n1 has ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 ) all 8 +5uity & all 8 zeal1 r5d]$ ! peculi> in/itution8 ,_! gratitude mu/ be ( a /amp & complexion q peculi>1 if !y c ?ank him = ?r[+ _! dome/ic sy/em "u ! weight ( su* ,*ri/ian requisitions z mu/ at once cru% its snaky head & gr9d x to p[d]4 ,& :at1 moreov]1 is ! be>+ ( ! ,*ri/ian requisitions :i* ,pr(4 ,hodge quotes1 ^u ! def9ition ( slav]y :i* he has elaborat$8 ,all ! ideas :i* necess>ily ent] into ! def9ition ( slav]y are1 deprivation ( p]sonal lib]ty1 obligation ( s]vice at ! discretion ( ano!r1 & ! transf]able "* ( ! au?ority & claim ( s]vice ( ! ma/],a4 ,footnote ,a3 ,pittsburgh pamphlet p4 #ab ,accord+ to ,pr(4 ,hodge's ,accord+ to ,pr(4 ,hodge's acc\nt ( ! requisitions ( acc\nt ( ,slav]y1 ,*ri/ianity1 ,! spr+ ( ef=t 9 ! labor ,! labor] mu/ s]ve at ! is a fair comp5sation4 discretion ( ano!r4 ,free scope mu/ be giv5 = 8 moral ,he is depriv$ ( p]sonal & intellectual improvem5t4 lib]ty--! necess>y condition1 & liv+ s\l ( improvem5t1 )\t :i* he has no control ( ei!r intellect or morals4 ,8 rights z a husb& & a fa!r ,! au?ority & claims ( are to be protect$4 ! ma/] may ?r[ an ocean betwe5 him & 8 family1 & sep>ate !m f ea* o!r's pres5ce at any mom5t & =ev]4 ,*ri/ianity1 !n1 requires su* slav]y z ,pr(4 ,hodge s cunn+ly def9es1 to be aboli%$4 ,x 0 well provid$1 = ! peace ( ! respective p>ties1 t he plac$ 8 def9ition s f> f ! requisitions ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,_h he br\ght !m into ea* o!r's pres5ce1 _! natural & inv9cible antipa?y to ea* o!r w\ld h brok5 out into op5 & ext]m9at+ w>f>e4 ,b :y %\ld we delay long] ^u an argum5t :i* is bas$ on gross & mon/r\s sophi/ry8 ,x c mislead only su* z wi% to be misl$4 ,! lov]s ( sunlight are 9 little dang] ( ru%+ into ! pr(essor's dungeon4 ,^? :o1 hav+ some?+ to conceal1 covet d>kness1 c f9d x !re1 to _! he>ts' cont5t4 ,! h\r c n be f> away1 :5 upright & reflective m9ds at ! ,s\? w be a/oni%$ at ! bl9dness :i* c\ld welcome su* protection z ! ,pr9ceton argum5t (f]s to ! slavehold]4 ,b ,pr(4 ,/u>t mu/ n be =gott54 ,9 8 celebrat$ lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 he affirms t ,paul did n expect slav]y to be ou/$ 9 a day,a4 ,did n ,,expect6 ,:at !n8 ,are ! requisitions ( ,*ri/ianity adapt$ to any ,,expectations :i* 9 any qu>t] & on any gr\nd might h ris5 to human consci\sness8 ,& are we to int]pret ! precepts ( ! ,gospel by ! expectations ( ,paul8 ,! ,savior comm&$ all m5 e :]e to rep5t1 & ?is1 ?\gh ,paul did n expect t human wick$ness1 9 its t5 ?\s& =ms w\ld 9 any community be ou/$ 9 a day4 ,expectations are "o ?+2 requisitions q ano!r4 ,footnote ,a3 ,supra1 p4#h4 ,9 ! mean "t1 :ile expectation wait$1 ,paul1 ! pr(essor adds1 gave precepts to ,*ri/ians respect+ _! demeanor4 ,t he did4 ,( :at "* 7 ^! precepts8 ,mu/ !y n h be5 9 h>mony ) ! ,gold5 ,rule8 ,b ?is1 accord+ to ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 decides aga9/ ! righte\sness ( slav]y ev5 z a !ory4 ,accord+ly1 ,*ri/ians 7 requir$1 )\t respect ( p]sons1 to d ea* o!r ju/ice--to ma9ta9 equality z common gr\nd = all to /& ^u--to *]i% & express 9 all _! int]c\rse t t5d] love & dis9t]e/$ *>ity :i* "o bro!r naturally feels = ano!r4 ,^! 7 ! ad int]im precepts1,a :i* c n fail1 if obey$1 to cut up slav]y1 root & bran*1 at once & =ev]4 ,footnote ,a3 ,lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 p4 #h4 ,pr(4 ,/u>t com=ts u ) ! assurance t ,*ri/ianity w ultimately c]ta9ly de/roy slav]y4 ,( ?is we h n ! feeble/ d\bt4 ,b h[ c\ld he admit a p]suasion & utt] a pr$iction s mu* at w> ) ! doctr9e he ma9ta9s1 t slav]y may exi/ )\t ,,violat+ ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,fai? ,,or ,,! ,,*ur*8,b ,:at1 ,*ri/ianity b5t on ! de/ruction ( an anci5t & *]i%$ in/itution :i* hurts nei!r h] "* nor condition6,c ,:y n correct its abuses & purify its _s2 & %$d+ ^u x h] own beauty1 pres]ve x1 z a liv+ trophy ( h] re=matory p[]8 ,:5ce ! discov]y t1 9 h] onw>d progress1 %e w\ld trample d[n & de/roy :at 0 no way hurtful to h]8 ,?is is to be aggressive ) a witness4 ,f> be x f ! ,judge ( all ! e>? to :elm ! innoc5t & guilty 9 ! same de/ruction6 ,9 aid ( ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 9 ! rude & sc>cely cov]t attack :i* he makes ^u himself1 we ma9ta9 t ,*ri/ianity w c]ta9ly de/roy slav]y on acc\nt ( its inh]5t wick$ness--its malignant temp]--its deadly effects--its con/itutional1 insol5t1 & unmitigable opposition to ! au?ority ( ,god & ! welf>e ( man4 ,footnote ,b3 ,! same1 p4 #g4 ,footnote ,c3 ,pr(4 ,/u>t applies "h ! words1 salva fide et salva ecclesia4 ,*ri/ianity w ultimately de/roy slav]y4 ,,ultimately6 ,:at meane? t port5t\s ^w8 ,to :at limit ( remote/ "t1 conceal$ 9 ! d>kness ( futurity1 may x look8 ,tell u1 ,o wat*man1 on ! hill ( ,&ov]4 ,almo/ n9ete5 c5turies h roll$ ov] ?is _w ( wrong & outrage--& yet we tremble 9 ! pres5ce ( a =m ( slav]y ^: brea? is poison1 ^: fang is dea?6 ,if any "o ( ! incid5ts ( slav]y %\ld fall1 b = a s+le day1 ^u ! head ( ! prophet :o dipp$ 8 p51 9 su* cold blood1 to write t ^w ultimately1 h[1 "u ! suff]+s ( ! fir/ t$i\s h\r1 w\ld he break out 9 ! lam5table cry1 ,h[ long1 ,o ,"l1 ,,h[ ,,long6 ,9 ! agony ( behold+ a wife or daught] ^u ! table ( ! auctione]1 :ile e bid fell ^u 8 he>t l ! groan ( despair1 small com=t w\ld he f9d 9 ! dull assurance ( "s he>tless prophet1 q at ease 9 ,zion1 t ,,ultimately ,*ri/ianity w\ld de/roy slav]y4 ,z ! hamm] falls & ! belov$ ( 8 s\l1 all helpless & mo/ wret*$1 is borne away to ! haunts ( legaliz$ debau*]y1 8 he>t turns to /one1 :ile ! cry dies ^u 8 lips1 ,h[ ,,long1 ,o ,"l1 ,,h[ ,,long8 ,ultimately6 ,9 :at circum/ances does ,pr(4 ,/u>t assure himself t ,*ri/ianity w de/roy slav]y8 ,are we1 z ,am]ican citiz5s1 "u ! sceptre ( a ,n]o8 ,:51 z integral p>ts ( ?is republic--z liv+ memb]s ( ?is community1 did we =feit ! pr]ogatives ( freem58 ,h we n ! "r to speak & act z wield+ ! p[]s :i* ! pr9ciple ( self-gov]nm5t has put 9 our possession8 ,& )\t ask+ leave ( prie/ or /atesman1 ( ! ,nor? or ! ,s\?1 may we n make ! mo/ ( ! fre$om :i* we enjoy "u ! gu>anty ( ! ord9ances ( ,heav5 & ! ,con/itution ( our c\ntry8 ,c we expect to see ,*ri/ianity on high] vantage-gr\nd ?an 9 ?is c\ntry %e /&s ^u8 ,9 ! mid/ ( a republic bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( ! equality ( mank9d1 :]e e ,*ri/ian1 z vitally connect$ ) ! /ate1 freely wields ! highe/ political rights & enjoys ! ri*e/ political privileges2 :]e ! unanim\s dem& ( "o-half ( ! memb]s ( ! *ur*es w\ld be promptly met 9 ! abolition ( slav]y1 :at ultimately mu/ ,*ri/ianity "h wait = be=e %e cru%es ! *attel pr9ciple b5ea? h] heel8 ,h] triumph ov] slav]y is ret>d$ by no?+ b ! corruption & defection s widely spread ?r\gh ! sacram5tal ho/ b5ea? h] bann]s6 ,let h] voice be he>d & h] en]gies ex]t$1 & ! ultimately ( ! d>k _s ( slav]y w\ld at once give place to ! imm$iately ( ! ,av5g] ( ! ,poor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,no #h4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,correspond5ce1 ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,hon4 ,f4,h4 ,,elmore1 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a ,,delegation ,,9 ,,congress1 ,,& ,,james ,g4 ,,birney1 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,secret>ies ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new-,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is p]iodical conta9s #e %eets4--,po/age "u #ajj miles1 #g-a_/b cts42 ov] #ajj miles1 #ab-a_/b cts4 ,please read & circulate4 ,,rem>ks ,,9 ,,explanation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,(fice1 ,new ,york1 ,may #bd1 #ahch4 ,9 ,janu>y1 a tract entitl$ ,,:y ,,"w ,,= ,,! ,,slave8 0 issu$ f ?is (fice by ! ag5t = ! ,c5t-a-week ,societies4 ,a copy ( x 0 transmitt$ to ! ,hon4 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n2--to him1 because he has seem$1 f ! fir/1 m solicit\s ?an ! g5]ality ( ,s\!rn politicians1 to possess himself ( accurate in=mation ab\t ! ,anti-,slav]y movem5t4 ,a note writt5 by me accompani$ ! tract1 in=m+ ,mr4 ,calh\n1 :y x 0 s5t to him4 ,n long aft]w>d1 ! foll[+ lett] 0 receiv$ f ! ,hon4 ,f4,h4 ,elmore1 ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress4 ,f ?is & ano!r ( 8 lett]s j n[ receiv$1 x seems1 t ! ,slavehold+ ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 aft] conf]r+ toge!r1 appo9t$ a committee1 ( _! own numb]1 to obta9 au!ntic in=mation ( ! int5tions & progress ( ! ,anti-,slav]y associations1--& t ,mr4 ,elmore 0 select$1 z ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a memb] ( ! ,committee4 ,sev]al o!r communications h pass$ betwe5 ,mr4 ,elmore & me4 ,!y relate1 *iefly1 h[ev]1 to ! transmission & reception ( ,anti-slav]y publications1 :i* he reque/$ to be s5t to him1--& to o!r matt]s n hav+ any connection ) ! m]its ( ! ma9 subject4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ?\ght unnecess>y to publi% !m4 ,x may be suffici5t to rem>k ( all ! communications receiv$ f ,mr4 ,elmore--t !y are *>act]iz$ by exempl>y c\rtesy & good temp]1 & t !y be> ! impress ( an educat$1 ref9$1 & lib]al m9d4 ,x is int5d$ to circulate ?is correspond5ce ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\ntry4 ,if ! in=mation x communicates be important = s\!rn ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 x is n less s = _! ,con/itu5ts4 ,! ,anti-slav]y movem5t has become s important 9 a ,national po9t ( view1 t no /atesman c innoc5tly rema9 ignorant ( its progress & t5d5cies4 ,! facts /at$ 9 my answ] may be reli$ on1 9 proportion to ! degree ( accuracy to :i* !y lay claim2--! argum5ts w1 ( c\rse1 be e/imat$ accord+ to _! wor?4 ,,james ,g4 ,,birney4 ,,correspond5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wa%+ton ,,city1 ,,feb4 #af1 #ahch ,to ,jas4 ,g4 ,birney1 ,esq41 ,cor4 ,sec4 ,a4,a4,s4 ,soc4 ,sir3--,a lett] f y to ! ,hon4 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n1 dat$ #bi? ,janu>y la/1 has be5 giv5 to me1 by him1 9 :i* y say1 79 ref]5ce to ! abolitioni/s or ,anti-,slav]y ,societies17 we h no?+ to conceal--& %\ld y desire any in=mation z to our proc$ure1 x w be *e]fully communicat$ on my be+ appris$ ( y\r wi%es4 ,! frankness ( ?is unsolicit$ (f] indicates a fairness & hone/y ( purpose1 :i* has caus$ ! pres5t communication1 & :i* dem&s ! same full & frank disclosure ( ! views ) :i* ! subjo9$ inquiries are propos$4 ,y\r lett] 0 h&$ to me1 9 consequ5ce ( a duty assign$ me by my delegation1 & :i* requires me to procure all ! au!ntic in=mation ,i c1 z to ! nature & int5tions ( y\rs & simil> associations1 9 ord] t we may1 if we deem x advisable1 lay ! in=mation be=e our p1 s t !y may be prep>$ to decide und]/&+ly1 z to ! c\rse x becomes !m to pursue on ?is all important "q4 ,if y h no?+ to conceal1 & x is n impos+ too mu* on1 :at may h be51 an ungu>d$ pr(f]1 ,i w e/eem y\r compliance z a c\rtesy to an oppon5t1 & be pleas$ to h an opportunity to make a suitable return4 ,& if1 on ! o!r h&1 y h ! lea/ difficulty or objection1 ,i tru/ y w n hesitate to )hold ! in=mation s\ght =1 z ,i w\ld n h x1 unless z freely giv51 z x w1 if deem$ exp$i5t1 be freely us$4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ,y\r ob'd't s]v't1 ,f4,h4 ,,elmore1 ( ,s4,c4 ,,que/ions = ,j4,g4 ,birney1 ,esq41 ,cor4 ,sec4 ,a4,a4,s4 ,society4 #a4 ,h[ _m societies1 affiliat$ ) t ( :i* y are ! ,correspond+ ,secret>y1 are !re 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,& h[ _m memb]s belong to !m 9 ! aggregate8 #b4 ,are !re any o!r societies simil> to y\rs1 & n affiliat$ ) x1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 & h[ _m1 & :at is ! aggregate _! memb]s8 #c4 ,h y affiliation1 int]c\rse or connection ) any simil> societies out ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 :at c\ntries8 #d4 ,d y\r or simil> societies exi/ 9 ! ,colleges & o!r ,lit]>y in/itutions ( ! non-slavehold+ ,/ates1 & to :at ext5t8 #e4 ,:at d y e/imate ! numb]s ( ^? :o co-op]ate 9 ?is matt] at8 ,:at proportion d !y be> 9 ! population ( ! ,nor!rn /ates1 & :at 9 ! ,middle non-slavehold+ /ates8 ,are !y increas+1 & at :at rate8 #f4 ,:at is ! object y\r associations aim at8 does x ext5d to ! abolition ( slav]y only 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or 9 ! :ole slave c\ntry8 #g4 ,by :at means1 & "u :at p[]1 d y propose to c>ry y\r views into effect8 #h4 ,:at has be5 = ?ree ye>s pa/1 ! annual income ( y\r societies8 & h[ is x rais$8 #i4 ,9 :at way1 & to :at purposes1 d y apply ^! funds8 #aj4 ,h[ _m prim+ presses & p]iodical publications h y8 #aa4 ,to :at classes ( p]sons d y address y\r publications1 & are !y address$ to ! judgm5t1 ! imag9ation1 or ! feel+s8 #ab4 ,d y propagate y\r doctr9es by any o!r means ?an oral & writt5 discussions1--= in/ance1 by pr9ts & pictures 9 manufactures--say pocket h&k]*iefs1 c4 ,pray1 /ate ! v>i\s modes8 #ac4 ,are y\r hopes & expectations increas$ or less5$ by ! ev5ts ( ! la/ ye>1 &1 especially1 by ! action ( ?is ,congress8 ,& w y\r ex]tions be relax$ or increas$8 #ad4 ,h y any p]man5t fund1 & h[ mu*8 ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,(fice1 ,new ,york1 ,m>* #h1 #ahch ,hon4 ,f4,h4 ,,elmore1 ,memb] ( ,congress f ,s4 ,c>ol9a3 ,,sir1--,i take pleasure 9 furni%+ ! in=mation y h s politely ask$ =1 9 y\r lett] ( ! #af? ult41 9 relation to ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society2--& tru/1 t ?is correspond5ce1 by pres5t+ 9 a sob] light1 ! objects & measures ( ! society1 may contribute to dispel1 n only f y\r own m9d1 b--if x be diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?--f ! m9ds ( our fell[-citiz5s !re g5]ally1 a great deal ( undes]v$ prejudice & gr\ndless al>m4 ,i _c hesitate to believe1 t su* z ent] on ! exam9ation ( its claims to public fav\r1 )\t bias1 w f9d t x aims intellig5tly1 n only at ! promotion ( ! int]e/s ( ! slave1 b ( ! ma/]1--n only at ! re-animation ( ! ,republican pr9ciples ( our ,con/itution1 b at ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,union on an endur+ basis4 ,i %all proce$ to /ate ! sev]al que/ions submitt$ 9 y\r lett]1 & answ] !m1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are propos$4 ,y ask1-- #a4 ,h[ _m societies1 affiliat$ ) t ( :i* y are correspond+ secret>y1 are !re 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,& h[ _m memb]s belong to !m ,,9 ,,! ,,aggregate8 ,,answ]4--,our anniv]s>y is held on ! ,tuesday imm$iately prec$+ ! second ,?ursday 9 ,may4 ,returns ( societies are made only a %ort "t be=e4 ,9 ,may1 #ahce1 !re 7 #bbe auxili>ies report$4 ,9 ,may1 #ahcf1 #ebg4 ,9 ,may1 #ahcg1 #ajjf4 ,returns = ! anniv]s>y 9 ,may next h n come 9 yet4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be safely said1 t ! increase1 s9ce la/ ,may1 is n less ?an #djj4;,a ,( late1 ! multiplication ( societies has n kept pace ) ! progress ( our pr9ciples4 ,:]e ^! are well receiv$1 our ag5ts are n s c>eful to organize societies z 9 =m] times1 :5 our numb]s 7 few2 societies1 n[1 be+ n deem$ s necess>y = ! advancem5t ( our cause4 ,! auxili>ies av]age n less ?an #hj memb]s ea*2 mak+ an aggregate ( #aab1dhj4 ,o!rs e/imate ! auxili>ies at #aejj1 & ! av]age ( memb]s at #ajj4 ,i give y1 :at ,i believe to be ! l[e/ numb]s4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! numb] report$ = ,may 0 ?ree hundr$ & =ty1 mak+1 9 ! aggregate1 #acdf4--,report = ,may1 #ahch4 #b4 ,are !re any o!r societies simil> to y\rs1 & n affiliat$ ) x 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,& h[ _m1 & :at is ! aggregate ( _! memb]s8 ,,answ]4--,sev]al societies h be5 =m$ 9 ! ,me?odi/ connection )9 ! la/ two ye>s1--al?\gh mo/ ( ! ,me?odi/s :o are abolitioni/s1 are memb]s ( societies auxili>y to ! ,am]ican4 ,^! societies h be5 orig9at$ by ,m9i/]s1 & o!rs ( weight & influ5ce1 :o ?9k t _! bre?r5 c be m easily p]suad$1 z a religi\s body1 to aid 9 ! anti-slav]y movem5t by ?is tw(old action4 ,none ( ! l>ge religi\s d5om9ations bid fair] soon to be on ! side ( emancipation ?an ! ,me?odi/4 ,( ! numb] ( ! ,me?odi/ societies t are n auxili>y1 ,i am n in=m$4--,! ,,ill9ois ,,society comes "u ! same class4 ,! ,,rev4 ,,elijah ,p4 ,,lovejoy1 ! correspond+ secret>y1 0 sla9 by a mob1 a few days aft] its organization4 ,x has n held a meet+ s9ce2 & ,i h no data = /at+ ! numb] ( its memb]s4 ,x is suppos$ n to be l>ge4--,nei!r is ! ,,delaw>e ,,society1 organiz$1 a few weeks ago1 at ,wilm+ton1 auxili>y to ! ,am]ican4 ,i h no in=mation z to its numb]s4--,! ,,manumission ,,society 9 ?is city1 =m$ 9 #aghe1 ) ,,john ,,jay its fir/1 & ,,alex&] ,,hamilton its second presid5t1 might1 f its "n1 be suppos$ to be affiliat$ ) ! ,am]ican4 ,orig9ally1 its object1 s f> z reg>d$ ! slaves1 & ^? illegally held 9 bondage 9 ?is /ate1 01 9 a great measure1 simil>4 ,slav]y be+ ext+ui%$ 9 ,new-,york 9 #ahbg1 z a /ate sy/em1 ! ef=ts ( ! ,manumission ,society are limit$ n[ to ! rescue1 f kidnapp]s & o!rs1 ( su* p]sons z are really free by ! laws1 b :o h be5 r$uc$ to slav]y4 ,( ! old ,abolition societies1 organiz$ 9 ! "t1 & "u ! influ5ce ( ,frankl9 & ,ru% & ,jay1 & ! mo/ active ( _! coadjutors1 b few rema94 ,_! decl5sion may be ascrib$ to ?is defect1--!y did n inflexibly ask = imm$iate emancipation4--,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,abolition ,,society1 =m$ 9 #aghi1 ) ,,dr4 ,,frankl91 presid5t1 & ,,dr4 ,,ru%1 secret>y1 is /ill 9 exi/5ce--b unconnect$ ) ! ,am]ican ,society4 ,"s ( ! mo/ active & b5evol5t memb]s ( bo? ! associations la/ nam$1 are memb]s ( ! ,am]ican ,society4 ,besides ! societies already m5tion$1 !re may be 9 ! c\ntry a few o!rs ( anti-slav]y "n2 b !y are ( small note & effici5cy1 & are unconnect$ ) ?is4 #c4 ,h y affiliation1 int]c\rse1 or connection ) any simil> societies out ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 :at c\ntries8 ,,answ]4--,a few societies h spontane\sly sprung up 9 ,canada4 ,two h decl>$ !mselves auxili>y to ! ,am]ican4 ,we h an ag5t--a native ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--9 ,upp] ,canada2 n ) a view to ! organization ( societies1 b to ! moral & intellectual elevation ( ! ,t5 ?\s& color$ p !re2 mo/ ( :om h escap$ f slav]y 9 ?is ,republic1 to enjoy fre$om "u ! protection ( a ,mon>*y4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 !re are num]\s ,anti-slav]y ,societies1 ^: p>ticul> object1 ( late1 has be51 to br+ ab\t ! abolition ( ! ,appr5tice-sy/em1 z e/abli%$ by ! emancipation act 9 h] slavehold+ colonies4 ,9 ,engl&1 !re is a society ^: pr(ess$ object is1 to aboli% slav]y ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,briti% societies1 y are1 d\btless1 fully aw>e2 z also ( ! fact1 t1 9 ,brita91 ! great mass ( ! p are oppos$ to slav]y z x exi/$1 a little :ile ago1 9 _! own colonies1 & z x exi/s n[ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4--,9 ,france1 ! ,,fr5* ,,society ,,= ,,! ,,abolition ,,( ,,slav]y 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahcd4 ,i %all h ! pleasure ( transmitt+ to y two pamphlets1 conta9+ an acc\nt ( "s ( its proce$+s2 f :i* y w le>n1 t1 ! ,,duc ,,de ,,broglie is its presid+ (fic]1 & _m ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ & influ5tial ( ! public m5 ( t c\ntry are memb]s4--,9 ,hayti1 also1 ,! ,,haytian ,,abolition ,,society 0 =m$ 9 ,may1 #ahcf4 ,^! are all ! =eign societies ( :i* ,i h k4 ,!y are connect$ ) ! ,am]ican by no =mal affiliation4 ,! only int]c\rse betwe5 !m & x1 is1 t :i* spr+s up spontane\sly among ^? ( e l& :o sympa?ize ) ,humanity 9 h] conflicts ) ,slav]y4 #d4 ,d y\r or simil> societies exi/ 9 ! ,colleges & o!r ,lit]>y in/itutions ( ! non-slavehold+ /ates1 & to :at ext5t8 ,,answ]4--,/r5u\s ef=ts h be5 made1 & !y are /ill be+ made1 by ^? :o h ! direction ( mo/ ( ! lit]>y & !ological in/itutions 9 ! free /ates1 to b> out our pr9ciples & doctr9es1 & prev5t ! =mation ( societies among ! /ud5ts4 ,to ?is c\rse !y h be5 prompt$ by v>i\s1 & possibly1 9 _! view1 good motives4 ,"o ( !m1 ,i ?9k x n un*>itable to say1 is1 to conciliate ! weal?y ( ! s\?1 t !y may s5d _! sons to ! nor?1 to swell ! college catalogues4 ,nei!r d ,i ?9k x un*>itable to say1 t 9 ?is we h a manife/ation ( t ,ari/ocratic pride1 :i*1 feel+ itself honor$ by hav+ entru/$ to its *>ge ! sons ( di/ant1 opul5t1 & di/+ui%$ plant]s1 fails n to dull ev]y?+ l sympa?y = ^? ^: unpaid toil supplies ! means s lavi%ly exp5d$ 9 educat+ s\!rn y\? at nor!rn colleges4 ,^! ef=ts at suppression or re/ra9t1 on ! "p ( ,faculties & ,bo>ds ( ,tru/ees1 h h]et(ore succe$$ to a consid]able ext5t4 ,anti-,slav]y ,societies1 not)/&+1 h be5 =m$ 9 a few ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ colleges & !ological sem9>ies4 ,public op9ion is beg9n+ to call = a relaxation ( re/ra9ts & impositions2 !y are yield+ to its dem&s2 & n[1 = ! mo/ "p1 sympa?y = ! slave may be manife/$ by our g5]\s college y\?1 9 ! in/itution ( ,anti-,slav]y ,societies1 )\t any d[nright prohibition by _! m politic tea*]s4 ,college societies w probably increase m rapidly h]eaft]2 z1 9 addition to ! removal or relaxation ( =m] re/ra9ts1 j ref]r$ to1 ! murd] ( ,mr4 ,lovejoy1 ! assaults on ! ,fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press1 ! pro/ration ( ! ,"r ( petition 9 ,congress1 c1 c1 all believ$ to h be5 p]petrat$ to secure slav]y f ! scrut9y t ! intellig5t _w is dem&+1 h greatly augm5t$ ! numb] ( college abolitioni/s4 ,!y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! dilig5t1 ! intellectual1 ! religi\s ( ! /ud5ts4 ,unit$ 9 societies1 _! influ5ce is g5]ally ext5sively felt 9 ! surr\nd+ region2 disp]s$1 x seems sc>cely less effective4 ,an in/ance ( ! latt] des]ves p>ticul> notice4 ,! ,tru/ees & ,faculty ( "o ( our !ological & lit]>y in/itutions unit$ = ! suppression ( anti-slav]y action among ! /ud5ts4 ,! latt] refus$ to cease plead+ = ! slave1 z he c\ld n plead = himself4 ,!y left ! in/itution2 7 provid5tially disp]s$ ov] v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & made useful1 9 a rem>kable mann]1 9 advanc+ ! cause ( humanity & lib]ty4 ,"o ( ^! dismiss$ /ud5ts1 ! son ( a slavehold]1 br\ght up 9 ! mid/ ( slav]y1 & well acqua9t$ ) its peculi>ities1 succe$$ 9 p]suad+ a pi\s fa!r to emancipate 8 f\rte5 slaves4 ,aft] lectur+ a long "t ) signal success--hav+ contract$ a disease ( ! ?roat1 :i* prev5t$ him f fur!r prosecut+ 8 labors 9 ?is way--he visit$ ! ,we/ ,indies1 eighte5 mon?s ago1 9 company ) ano!r g5tleman ( ! mo/ ample qualifications1 to note ! op]ation ( ! ,briti% emancipation act4 ,toge!r1 !y collect$ a mass ( facts--n[ 9 a c\rse ( publication--t w a/oni%1 z x ought to delight1 ! :ole s\?2 = x %[s1 conclusively1 t ,,imm$iate emancipation is ! be/1 ! safe/1 ! mo/ pr(itable1 z x is ! mo/ j & honorable1 ( all emancipations4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,a4 ,ano!r ( ^! dismiss$ /ud5ts is "o ( ! secret>ies ( ?is society4 ,he has1 = a long "t1 dis*>g$ its ardu\s & responsible duties ) s+ul> ability4 ,to 8 qualifications z secret>y1 he adds ^? ( an able & successful lectur]4 ,he 0 he>d1 sev]al times1 be=e ! jo9t committee ( ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts1 a ye> ago1 prior to ! report ( t committee1 & to ! adoption1 by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ( _! memorable resolutions 9 favor ( ! ,p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & ( ! ,"r ( petition4 #e4 ,:at d y e/imate ! numb] ( ^? :o co-op]ate 9 ! matt] at8 ,:at proportion d !y be> 9 ! population ( ! nor!rn /ates1 & :at 9 ! middle non-slavehold+ /ates8 ,are !y increas+1 & at :at rate8 ,,answ]4--,^? :o /& ready to jo9 our societies on ! fir/ suitable occasion1 may be set d[n z equal 9 numb] to ^? :o are n[ actually memb]s4 ,^? :o are ready fully to co-op]ate ) u 9 support+ ! fre$om ( spee* & ! press1 ! "r ( petition1 c1 may be e/imat$ at d\ble1 if n treble1 ! jo9t numb]s ( ^? :o already are memb]s1 & ^? :o are ready to become memb]s4 ,! ,record+ secret>y ( ! ,,massa*usetts ,,society /at$1 a few weeks ago1 t ! abolitioni/s 9 ! v>i\s m9or societies 9 t /ate 7 "o 9 ?irty ( ! :ole population4 ,! proportion ( abolitioni/s to ! :ole population is great] 9 ,massa*usetts ?an 9 any o!r ( ! free /ates1 except ,,v]mont1--:]e ! _s ( lib]ty has almo/ entirely escap$ ! corruptions :i* slav]y has infus$ into x 9 mo/ ( h] si/] /ates1 by means ( comm]cial & o!r int]c\rse ) !m4 ,9 ,,ma9e1 n mu* ( sy/ematic ef=t has1 z yet1 be5 put =? to enlight5 h] population z to our pr9ciples & proce$+s4 ,i att5d$ ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,/ate ,society on ! #ca/ ( ,janu>y1 at ,augu/a1 ! seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,! ,m9i/]s ( ! l>ge religi\s d5om9ations 7 beg9n+1 z ,i 0 told1 to unite ) u--& ,politicians1 to descry ! ultimate preval5ce ( our pr9ciples4 ,! impression ,i receiv$ 01 t mu* c\ld1 & t mu* w\ld1 spe$ily be done4 ,9 ,,new ,,hamp%ire1 m labor has be5 exp5d$1 & a great] effect produc$4 ,public function>ies1 :o h be5 pleas$ to speak 9 contemptu\s t]ms ( ! progress ( abolitionism1 bo? 9 ,ma9e & ,new ,hamp%ire1 w1 x is ?\ght1 soon be made to see1 ?r\gh a m$ium n at all deceptive1 ! grossness ( _! error4 ,9 ,,rhode ,,isl&1 our pr9ciples are fa/ p]vad+ ! great body ( ! p4 ,?is1 x is ?\ght1 is ! only "o ( ! free /ates1 9 :i* ! subject ( abolition has be5 fully introduc$1 :i* has n be5 disgrac$ by a mob1 triumphant1 = ! "t be+1 ov] ! "r ( ! p to discuss any1 & e1 matt] 9 :i* !y feel int]e/$4 ,a %ort "t previ\s to ! la/ election ( memb]s ( ,congress1 que/ions1 embody+ our views z to c]ta9 political measures 7 prop\nd$ to ! sev]al c&idates4 ,respectful answ]s &1 9 ! ma91 con=mable ) our views1 7 return$4 ,i %all transmit y a newspap] conta9+ bo? ! que/ions & ! answ]s4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,s9ce ! above 0 writt51 at ! la/ election 9 ?is /ate = gov]nor & lieut5ant gov]nor1 ! abolitioni/s int]rogat$ ! g5tlem5 :o /ood c&idates = ^! (fices4 ,two ( !m answ]$ respectfully1 & con=mably to ! views ( ! abolitioni/s4 ,_! oppon5ts neglect$ to answ] at all4 ,! fir/ 7 elect$4--,see ,app5dix1 ,b4 ,9 ,,connecticut1 !re has n be51 z yet1 a great exp5diture ( abolition ef=t4 ,al?\gh ! moral tone ( ?is /ate1 s f> z slav]y is conc]n$1 has be5 a good deal weak5$ by ! influ5ce ( h] multi=m connexions ) ! s\?1 yet ! en]gies t h be5 put =? to reanimate h] anci5t & l(ty feel+s1 s f> f prov+ fruitless1 h be5 foll[$ by ! mo/ enc\rag+ results4 ,evid5ce ( ?is is f\nd 9 ! fai?ful adm9i/ration ( ! laws by judges & juries4 ,9 ,may la/1 a slave1 :o _h be5 br\ght f ,georgia to ,h>t=d1 successfully ass]t$ h] fre$om "u ! laws ( ,connecticut4 ,! cause 0 elaborately argu$ be=e ! ,supreme c\rt4 ,! mo/ em95t c\nsel 7 employ$ on bo? sides4 ,& x is b a few days1 s9ce two anti-abolition riot]s 7! only ones on trial7 7 convict$ be=e ! ,sup]ior c\rt 9 ,new ,hav51 & s5t5c$ to pay a f9e ( tw5ty doll>s ea*1 & to be imprison$ six mon?s1 ! longe/ t]m au?oriz$ by ! law4 ,a conv5tion1 = ! organization ( a ,/ate ,society1 0 held 9 ! city ( ,h>t=d on ! la/ day ( ,febru>y4 ,x 0 cont9u$ ?ree days4 ,! call = x 7:i* ,i s5d y7 0 sign$ by ne>ly ,,eighte5 ,,hundr$ ( ! citiz5s ( t /ate4 ,,sev5te5 ,,hundr$1 z ,i 0 in=m$1 are legal vot]s4 ,! proce$+s ( ! conv5tion 7 ( ! mo/ h>moni\s & animat+ "*4,b ,footnote ,b3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,c4 ,9 ,,new ,,york1 our cause is evid5tly advanc+4 ,! /ate is rapidly com+ up to ! high gr\nd ( pr9ciple1 s f> z univ]sal lib]ty is conc]n$1 on :i* ! abolitioni/s w\ld place h]4 ,sev]al l>ge ,anti-,slav]y conv5tions h lately be5 held 9 ! we/]n c\nties4 ,_! reports are ( ! mo/ enc\rag+ "*4 ,nor is ! *ange m rem>kable 9 ! /ate ?an 9 ?is city4 ,less ?an five ye>s ago1 a few ( ! citiz5s adv]tis$ a meet+1 to be held 9 ,cl9ton ,hall1 to =m a ,city ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,a mob prev5t$ _! assembl+ at ! place appo9t$4 ,!y repair$1 privately1 to "o ( ! *ur*es4 ,to ?is !y 7 pursu$ by ! mob1 & r\t$ f x1 ?\gh n be=e !y _h complet$1 9 a ha/y mann]1 ! =m ( organization4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahcd1 "s ( ! lead+ political & comm]cial j\rnals ( ! city 7 enabl$ to /ir up ! mob aga9/ ! p]sons & prop]ty ( ! abolitioni/s1 & sev]al ( ! mo/ prom95t 7 compell$ to leave ! city = safety2 _! h\ses 7 attack$1 brok5 into1 &1 9 "o in/ance1 ! furniture publicly burnt 9 ! /reet4 ,n[1 ?+s are mu* *ang$4 ,_m ( ! m]*ants & me*anics are favorable to our cause2 g5tlem5 ( ! b>1 especially ! y\ng] & m gr[+ ones1 are direct+ _! att5tion to x2 tw5ty-"o ( our city m9i/]s are pr(ess$ abolitioni/s2 ! *ur*es are beg9n+ to be m accessible to u2 our meet+s are held 9 !m op5ly1 attract l>ge numb]s1 are unmole/$2 & ! abolitioni/s sometimes he> !mselves comm5d$ 9 o!r assemblies1 n only = _! hone/ int5tions1 b = _! respectability & intellig5ce4 ,,new ,,j]sey has1 z yet1 no ,/ate ,society1 & ! numb] ( av[$ abolitioni/s is small4 ,9 "s ( ! mo/ popul\s & influ5tial p>ts ( ! /ate1 great solicitude exi/s on ! subject2 & ! call = lectur]s is beg9n+ to be e>ne/1 if n importunate4 ,,p5nsylvania has advanc$ to our pr9ciples j 9 proportion to ! labor t has be5 be/[$1 by means ( lectures & publications 9 enlight5+ h] population z to our objects1 & ! evils & dang]s imp5d+ ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 f s\!rn slav]y4 ,! act ( h] late ,conv5tion1 9 depriv+ a l>ge numb] ( _! own con/itu5ts 7! color$ p7 ( ! elective fran*ise1 h]et(ore possess$ by !m )\t any allegation ( its abuse on _! "p1 w\ld seem to prove an unpropiti\s /ate ( public s5tim5t4 ,we w\ld nei!r d5y1 nor elude1 ! =ce ( su* evid5ce4 ,b :5 ?is measure ( ! conv5tion is br\ght out & unfold$ 9 its true light--%[n to be a p>ty measure to br+ succor f ! s\?--a m]e foll[+ 9 ! wake ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,t5nessee1 :o l$ ! way1 9 _! new con/itutions1 to ?is violation ( ! rights ( _! color$ citiz5s1 t !y might ! m firmly compact ! wrongs ( ! enslav$--a p]nici\s1 a pr(itless violation ( great pr9ciples--a vulg> defiance ( ! advanc+ _s ( humanity & ju/ice--a relapse into ! by-gone d>kness ( a b>b>\s age--we appreh5d f x no s]i\s detrim5t to our cause4 ,,ohio has be5 well advanc$4 ,9 a %ort "t1 %e w be f\nd among ! mo/ prom95t ( ! /ates on ! "r side 9 ! conte/ n[ go+ on betwe5 ! _s ( lib]ty embodi$ 9 ! free in/itutions ( ! nor?1 & ! _s ( slav]y p]vad+ ! s\?4 ,h] ,con/itution publi%es ! mo/ honorable reprobation ( slav]y ( any o!r 9 ! ,union4 ,9 provid+ = its own revision or am5dm5t1 x decl>es1 t no alt]ation ( x %all ev] take place1 s z to introduce slav]y or involunt>y s]vitude into ! /ate4 ,h] ,supreme c\rt is intellig5t & firm4 ,x has lately decid$1 virtually1 aga9/ ! con/itutionality ( an act ( ! ,legislature1 made1 9 effect1 to favor s\!rn slav]y by ! p]secution ( ! color$ p )9 h] b\nds4 ,%e has1 already1 abolitioni/s en\gh to turn ! scale 9 h] elections1 & an abundance ( excell5t mat]ial = augm5t+ ! numb]4 ,9 ,,indiana b little has be5 done1 except by ! diffusion ( our publications4 ,b ev5 ) ^! appliances1 sev]al auxili>y societies h be5 organiz$4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,! fir/ ,legislative movem5t aga9/ ! annexation ( ,texas to ! ,union1 0 made1 x is believ$1 9 ,indiana4 ,s e>ly z ,decemb]1 #ahcf1 a jo9t resolution pass$ its second read+ 9 "o or bo? bran*es ( ! ,legislature4 ,h[ x 0 ultimately dispos$ (1 is n kn[n4 ,9 ,,mi*igan1 ! leav5 ( abolitioni/s p]vades ! :ole population4 ,! cause is well su/a9$ by a high ord] ( tal5t2 & we tru/ soon to see ! influ5ce ( x 9 all h] public acts4 ,9 ,,ill9ois1 ! murd] ( ,mr4 ,lovejoy has multipli$ & confirm$ abolitioni/s1 & l$ to ! =mation ( _m societies1 :i*1 9 all probability1 w\ld n h be5 =m$ s soon1 _h n t ev5t tak5 place4 ,i am n possess$ ( suffici5t data = /at+1 ) precision1 :at proportion ! abolitioni/s be> 9 ! population ( ! ,nor!rn & ,middle non-slavehold+ /ates respectively4 ,)9 ! la/ t5 mon?s1 ,i h travell$ ext5sively 9 bo? ^! geographical divisions4 ,i h _h :atev] advantage ?is1 assi/$ by a /rong int]e/ 9 ! g5]al cause1 & abundant conv]sations ) ! be/ in=m$ abolitioni/s1 c\ld give1 = mak+ a fair e/imate ( _! numb]s4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn /ates ,i %\ld say1 !y are "o 9 t5--9 ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 & ,p5nsylvania1 "o 9 tw5ty--( ! :ole adult population4 ,t ! abolitioni/s h multipli$1 & t !y are /ill multiply+ rapidly1 no "o acqua9t$ ) ! smallness ( _! numb]s at _! fir/ organization a few ye>s ago1 & :o has kept 8 eyes ab\t him s9ce1 ne$ ask4 ,t !y h n1 ?us f>1 be5 m successful1 is ow+ to ! va/ness ( ! und]tak+1 & ! difficulties ) :i* !y h _h to cont5d1 f comp>atively limit$ means1 = pres5t+ _! measures & objects1 ) ! prop] developm5ts & explanations1 to ! great mass ( ! popul> m9d4 ,! progress ( _! pr9ciples1 "u ! same am\nt ( intellig5ce 9 pres5t+ !m1 & :]e no peculi> causes ( prejudice exi/ 9 ! m9ds ( ! he>]s1 is g5]ally proportion$ to ! degree ( religi\s & intellectual wor? prevail+ 9 ! diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry :]e ! subject is introduc$4 ,i "k no in/ance1 9 :i* any "o notori\sly pr(ane or intemp]ate1 or lic5ti\s1 or ( op5ly irreligi\s practice1 has pr(ess$1 cordially to h receiv$ our pr9ciples4 #f4 ,:at is ! object y\r associations aim at8 ,does x ext5d to abolition ( slav]y only 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or 9 ! :ole slave c\ntry8 ,,answ]4--,?is "q is fully answ]$ 9 ! second ,article ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 :i* is 9 ^! words3-- ,! object ( ?is society is ! entire abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:ile x admits t ea* /ate1 9 :i* slav]y exi/s1 has1 by ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! exclusive "r to legislate 9 reg>d to its abolition 9 said /ate1 x %all aim to conv9ce all our fell[-citiz5s1 by argum5ts address$ to _! und]/&+s & consci5ces1 t slavehold+ is a he9\s crime 9 ! sight ( ,god1 & t ! duty1 safety1 & be/ int]e/s ( all conc]n$ require its imm$iate ab&onm5t1 )\t expatriation4 ,! society w also endeavor1 9 a con/itutional way1 to influ5ce ,congress to put an end to ! dome/ic slave-trade1 & to aboli% slav]y 9 all ^? portions ( our common c\ntry :i* come "u its control1 especially 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 & likewise to prev5t ! ext5sion ( x to any /ate t may h]eaft] be admitt$ to ! ,union4 ,o!r objects1 accompani$ by a pl$ge ( peace1 are /at$ 9 ! ?ird article ( ! ,con/itution1-- ,?is ,society %all aim to elevate ! "* & condition ( ! p ( color1 by enc\rag+ _! intellectual1 moral1 & religi\s improvem5t1 & by remov+ public prejudice1--t ?us !y may1 accord+ to _! intellectual & moral wor?1 %>e an equality ) ! :ites ( civil & religi\s privileges2 b ?is ,society w nev] 9 any way1 c\nt5ance ! oppress$ 9 v9dicat+ _! rights by resort+ to physical =ce4 #g4 ,by :at means & by :at p[] d y propose to c>ry y\r views into effect8 ,,answ]4--,our means are ! ,tru?1--! ,p[] "u ^: guidance we propose to c>ry our views into effect1 is1 ! ,almighty4 ,confid+ 9 ^! means1 :5 direct$ by ! _s & wisdom ( ,him1 :o has s made !m z to act on ! he>ts ( m51 & s con/itut$ ! he>ts ( !n z to be affect$ by !m1 we expect1 #a4 ,to br+ ! ,,*ur* ( ?is c\ntry to rep5tance = ! s9 ( ,,oppression4 ,n only ! ,s\!rn portion ( x t has be5 ! oppressor--b ! ,nor!rn1 t has /ood by1 cons5t+1 = half a c5tury1 to ! wrong4 #b4 ,to br+ our c\ntrym5 to see1 t = a nation to p]si/ 9 inju/ice is1 b to ru% on its own ru92 t to d ju/ice is ! highe/ exp$i5cy--to love m]cy its noble/ ornam5t4 ,9 o!r c\ntries1 slav]y has sometimes yield$ to =tuit\s circum/ances1 or be5 ext+ui%$ by physical =ce4 ,we /rive to w9 = tru? ! victory ov] error1 & on ! brok5 fragm5ts ( slav]y to re> = h] a temple1 t %all rea* to ! heav5s1 & t[>d :i* all nations %all wor%ip4 ,x has be5 said1 t ! slavehold]s ( ! ,s\? w n yield1 nor he>k5 to ! influ5ce ( ! tru? on ?is subject4 ,we believe x n--nor give we ent]ta9m5t to ! sl&] t su* an unwor?y def5ce ( !m implies4 ,we believe !m m51--t !y h und]/&+s t argum5ts w conv9ce--consci5ces to :i* ! appeals ( ju/ice & m]cy w n be made 9 va94 ,if our pr9ciples be true--our argum5ts "r--if slavehold]s be m5--& ,god h n deliv]$ ov] our guilty c\ntry to ! retributions ( ! oppressor1 n only ( ! ,,/rang] b ( ! ,,native--our success is c]ta94 #h4 ,:at has be5 = ?ree ye>s pa/1 ! annual income ( y\r societies8 ,& h[ has x be5 rais$8 ,,answ]4--,! annual income ( ! societies at l>ge1 x w\ld be impossible to asc]ta94 ,! total receipts ( ?is society1 = ! ye> end+ #i? ( ,may1 #ahce--leav+ out odd numb]s--0 #aj1jjj2 = ! ye> end+ #i? ( ,may1 #ahcg1 #be1jjj2 & = ! ye> end+ #aa? ( ,may1 #ahcf1 #ch1jjj4 ,f ! la/ date1 up to ?is--n q t5 mon?s--!re has be5 paid into ! treasury ! sum ( #cf1jjj4;,a ,^! sums are indep5d5t ( :at is rais$ by /ate & auxili>y societies1 = exp5diture )9 _! own p>ticul> b\nds1 & = _! own p>ticul> exig5cies4 ,also1 ( ! sums paid 9 subscriptions = ! support ( newspap]s1 & = ! pr9t+ 7by auxili>ies17 ( p]iodicals1 pamphlets1 & essays1 ei!r = sale at l[ prices1 or = gratuit\s di/ribution4 ,! moneys contribut$ 9 ^! v>i\s modes w\ld make an aggregate great]1 p]haps1 ?an is paid into ! treasury ( any "o ( ! ,b5evol5t societies ( ! c\ntry4 ,mo/ ( ! weal?y contributors ( =m] ye>s suff]$ s sev]ely 9 ! money-pressure ( ?is1 t !y h be5 unable to contribute mu* to our funds4 ,?is has made x necess>y to call = aid on ! great body ( abolitioni/s--p]sons1 g5]ally1 9 mod]ate circum/ances4 ,!y h well respond$ to ! call1 consid]+ ! h>dness ( ! times4 ,to %[ y ! extremes t meet at our treasury1--,g5]al ,sewall1 ( ,ma9e1 a revolution>y (fic]1 eighty-five ye>s old--,william ,philbrick1 a little boy ne> ,bo/on1 n f\r ye>s old--& a color$ woman1 :o makes h] subsi/5ce by sell+ apples 9 ! /reets 9 ?is city1 lately s5t 9 _! respective sums to assi/ 9 promot+ ! emancipation ( ! poor slave4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! report = ,may /ates ! sum receiv$ dur+ ! previ\s ye> at #dd1jjj4 ,all contributions ( :atev] k9d are volunt>y4 #i4 ,9 :at way1 & to :at purposes d y apply ^! funds6 ,,answ]4--,!y are us$ 9 su/a9+ ! society's (fice 9 ?is city--9 pay+ lectur]s & ag5ts ( v>i\s k9ds--9 uphold+ ! press--9 pr9t+ books1 pamphlets1 tracts1 c1 conta9+ expositions ( our pr9ciples--acc\nts ( our progress--refutations ( objections--& disquisitions on po9ts1 scriptural1 con/itutional1 political1 legal1 economical1 z !y *ance to arise & become important4 ,9 ?is (fice ?ree secret>ies are employ$ 9 diff]5t dep>tm5ts ( duty2 "o editor2 "o publi%+ ag5t1 ) an assi/ant1 & two or ?ree "y m5 & boys1 = fold+1 direct+1 & despat*+ pap]s1 execut+ err&s1 c4 ,! bus9ess ( ! society has increas$ s mu* ( late1 z to make x necess>y1 9 ord] to ensure ! prop] despat* ( x1 to employ additional cl]ks = ! p>ticul> exig5cy4 ,la/ ye>1 ! society _h 9 its s]vice ab\t sixty p]man5t ag5ts4 ,?is ye>1 ! numb] is consid]ably dim9i%$4 ,! defici5cy has be5 m ?an made up by creat+ a l>ge numb] ( ,local ag5ts--s call$1 f ! fact1 t be+ g5]ally ,pr(essional m51 lawy]s or physicians 9 good practice1 or ,m9i/]s ) congregations1 !y are conf9$1 = ! mo/ "p1 to _! respective neighborhoods4 ,"s ( ! be/ m9ds 9 our c\ntry are ?us engag$4 ,_! labors h n only be5 em95tly successful1 b h be5 r5d]$ at b small *>ge to ! society2 !y receiv+ only _! travell+ exp5ses1 :il/ employ$ 9 lectur+ & =m+ societies4 ,9 ! case ( a m9i/]1 !re is ! additional exp5se ( supply+ 8 pulpit :ile abs5t on ! bus9ess ( 8 ag5cy1 ,h[ev]1 9 _m in/ances1 ^! ag5ts1 be+ 9 easy circum/ances1 make no *>ge1 ev5 = _! exp5ses4 ,9 mak+ appo9tm5ts1 ! executive committee h no reg>d to p>ty discrim9ation4 ,?is w be fully und]/ood1 :5 x is /at$1 t on a late occasion1 two ( our local ag5ts 7 ! c&idates ( _! respective political p>ties = ! (fice ( ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ! /ate ( ,v]mont4 ,x ought to be /at$ "h1 t two ( ! mo/ effective advocates ( ! anti-slav]y cause are females--! ,misses ,grimk--natives ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a--br\ght up 9 ! mid/ ( ! usages ( slav]y--mo/ intellig5tly acqua9t$ ) ! m]its ( ! sy/em1 & qualifi$1 9 an em95t degree1 to communicate _! views to o!rs 9 public addresses4 ,!y are n only ! advocates ( ! slave at _! own *>ge1 b !y actually contribute to ! funds ( ! societies4 ,s successfully h !y recomm5d$ ! cause ( emancipation to ! cr[ds t att5d$ _! lectures dur+ ! la/ ye>1 t !y 7 p]mitt$ on ?ree sev]al occasions publicly to address ! jo9t committee 7on slav]y7 ( ! ,massa*usetts ,legislature1 n[ 9 session1 on ! int]e/+ matt]s t occupy _! att5tion4 #aj4 ,h[ _m pr9t+ presses & p]iodical publications h y8 ,,answ]4--,we own no press4 ,our publications are all pr9t$ by contract4 ,! ,,emancipator & ,,human ,,rights are ! organs ( ! ,executive ,committee4 ,! fir/ 7:i* y h se517 is a l>ge %eet1 is publi%$ weekly1 & employs almo/ exclusively ! "t ( ! g5tleman :o edits x4 ,human ,rights is a mon?ly %eet ( small] size1 & is edit$ by "o ( ! secret>ies4 ,! increas+ int]e/ t is fa/ manife/+ itself 9 ! cause ( emancipation & its k9dr$ subjects w1 9 all probability1 be=e long1 call = ! m frequ5t publication ( "o or bo? ( ^! pap]s4--,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,magaz9e1 a qu>t]ly1 0 comm5c$ 9 ,octob]1 #ahce1 & cont9u$ ?r\gh two ye>s4 ,x has be5 int]mitt$1 only to make ! necess>y arrangem5ts = issu+ x on a m ext5d$ scale4--,x is propos$ to give x size en\gh to admit ! ample/ discussions t we or our oppon5ts may desire1 & to give !m a full %>e ( its room--9 f9e1 to make x1 9 =m & m]it1 :at ! importance ( ! subject calls =4 ,i s5d y a copy ( ! ,prospectus = ! new s]ies4--,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,record1 publi%$ = ?ree ye>s z a mon?ly1 has be5 discont9u$ z su*1 & x w be issu$ h]eaft]1 only z occasion may require3--,,! ,,slave',s ,,fri5d1 a small mon?ly tract1 ( neat appe>ance1 int5d$ pr9cipally = *ildr5 & "y p]sons1 has be5 issu$ = sev]al ye>s4 ,x is replete ) facts relat+ to slav]y1 & ) acc\nts ( ! hair-bread? escapes ( slaves f _! ma/]s & pursu]s t r>ely fail to imp>t ! mo/ ?rill+ int]e/ to its little read]s4--,besides ^!1 !re is ! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]1 9 :i* are publi%$1 z ! times call = !m1 our l>g] essays p>tak+ ( a controv]sial "*1 su* z ,smi?'s reply to ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,smylie--,grimk's lett] & ,wy!4 ,by turn+ to page #cb ( our ,f\r? ,report 7includ$ 9 y\r ord] = books1 c17 y w f9d1 t 9 ! ye> end+ #aa? ,may1 ! issues f ! press 7--b\nd volumes1 #g1hgg--,tracts & ,pamphlets1 #dg1bej--;,circul>s1 c1 #d1ajj--,pr9ts1 #aj1dij--;,anti-,slav]y ,magaz9e1 #ijjj--,slave's ,fri5d1 #aca1jej--;,human ,rights1 #ahi1djj--;,emancipator1 #bag1jjj4 ,^! are ! issues ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 f _! (fice 9 ?is city4 ,o!r publications ( simil> "* are issu$ by ,/ate ,societies or individuals--! ,,lib]ator1 9 ,bo/on2 ,,h]ald ,,( ,,fre$om1 9 ,concord1 ,n4,h42 ,,zion',s ,,wat*man & ! ,,color$ ,,am]ican 9 ?is city4 ,! latt] is conduct$ 9 ! editorial1 & o!r dep>tm5ts1 by color$ citiz5s4 ,y c judge ( its "*1 by a few numb]s t ,i s5d to y4 ,!n1 !re is ! ,,fri5d ( ,,man1 9 ,utica1 9 ?is /ate4 ,! ,,national ,,enquir]1 9 ,philadelphia2,a ! ,,*ri/ian ,,witness1 9 ,pittsburgh2 ! ,,philan?ropi/1 9 ,c9c9nati4--,all ^! are su/a9$ by ! fri5ds1 & devot$ almo/ exclusively to ! cause1 ( emancipation4 ,_m ( ! ,religi\s j\rnals t d n make emancipation _! ma9 object h adopt$ ! s5tim5ts ( abolitioni/s1 & aid 9 promot+ !m4 ,! ,alton ,obs]v]1 edit$ by ! late ,mr4 ,lovejoy1 0 "o ( ^!4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! ,,national ,,enquir]1 edit$ by ,b5jam9 ,lundy1 has be5 conv]t$ into ! ,,p5nsylvania ,,freeman1 edit$ by ,john ,g4 ,:itti]4 ,mr4 ,lundy proposes to issue ! ,,g5ius ,,( ,,univ]sal ,,emancipation1 9 ,ill9ois4 ,f ! data ,i h1 ,i set d[n ! newspap]s1 z class$ above1 at upw>ds ( "o hundr$4 ,"h x may also be /at$1 t ! presses :i* pr9t ! abolition j\rnals above nam$1 ?r[ (f besides1 a great v>iety ( o!r anti-slav]y matt]1 9 ! =m ( books1 pamphlets1 s+le %eets1 c1 c1 & t1 at _m ( ! pr9cipal comm]cial po9ts ?r\gh\t ! free /ates1 ,,depositories are e/abli%$1 at :i* our publications ( e sort are kept = sale4 ,a l>ge & fa/ increas+ numb] ( ! ,political j\rnals ( ! c\ntry h become1 )9 ! la/ two ye>s1 if n ! av[$ support]s ( our cause1 well incl9$ to x4 ,=m]ly1 x 0 a common ?+ = mo/ ( ! lead+ p>ty-pap]s1 especially 9 ! l>ge cities1 to speak ( ! abolitioni/s 9 t]ms signally disrespectful & (f5sive4 ,except 9 r>e in/ances1 & ^!1 x is ?\ght1 only :]e !y are l>gely subsidiz$ by s\!rn patronage1 x is n s n[4 ,! des]tions t are tak+ place f _! ranks w1 9 a %ort "t1 r5d] _! position undesirable = any1 :o aspire to ga91 or influ5ce1 or reputation 9 ! ,nor?4 #aa4 ,to :at class ( p]sons d y address y\r publications--& are !y address$ to ! judgm5t1 ! imag9ation1 or ! feel+s8 ,,answ]4--,!y are int5d$ = ! great mass ( intellig5t m9d1 bo? 9 ! free & 9 ! slave /ates4 ,!y p>take1 ( c\rse1 ( ! intellectual peculi>ities ( ! diff]5t au?ors4 ,jay's ,,inquiry & ,mrs4 ,*ild's ,,appeal ab\nd 9 facts--are dispassionate1 +5i\s1 argum5tative4 ,! ,,bible ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y1 by ! mo/ c>eful & labori\s rese>*1 has /ruck f slav]y ! prop1 :i* c>eless ,annotators1 7writ+1 unconsci\s ( ! influ5ce1 ! prevail+ sy/em ( slav]y ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian _w ex]cis$ on _! own m9ds17 h admitt$ 0 furni%$ = x 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,wy! by a pa9s-tak+ & lucid adju/m5t ( facts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 bo? be=e & aft] ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution1 & ) a rigor ( logic1 t _c1 x is ?\ght1 be successfully enc\nt]$1 has put to flight =ev] ) unbias$ m9ds1 e d\bt z to ! ,p[] ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,!re are among ! abolitioni/s1 ,poets1 & by ! ackn[l$gm5t ( _! oppon5ts1 poets ( no mean "n too--:o1 z ! use ( poets is1 d address !mselves (t5--z ,john ,g4 ,:itti] does always --p[]fully to ! imag9ation & feel+s ( _! read]s4 ,our publications _c be class$ accord+ to any p>ticul> /yle or quality ( composition4 ,!y may *>act]iz$ g5]ally1 z well suit$ to affect ! public m9d--to r\se into heal?ful activity ! consci5ce ( ?is nation1 /upifi$1 torpid1 almo/ dead1 9 relation to ,,human ,,rights1 ! high !me ( :i* !y treat6 ,x has (t5 be5 alleg$1 t our writ+s appeal to ! wor/ passions ( ! slaves1 & t !y are plac$ 9 _! h&s ) a view to /ir !m to revolt4 ,nei!r *>ge has any f\ndation 9 tru? to re/ ^u4 ,! fir/ f9ds no support 9 ! t5or ( ! writ+s !mselves2 ! la/ ought =ev] to be ab&on$1 9 ! abs5ce ( any s+le well au!nticat$ in/ance ( _! hav+ be5 convey$ by abolitioni/s to slaves1 or ( _! hav+ be5 ev5 f\nd 9 _! possession4 ,to in/igate ! slaves to revolt1 z ! means ( obta9+ _! lib]ty1 w\ld prove a lack ( wisdom & hone/y t none w\ld impute to abolitioni/s1 except su* z are unacqua9t$ ) _! "*4 ,revolt w\ld be foll[$ by ! sure de/ruction1 n only ( all ! slaves :o might be conc]n$ 9 x1 b ( multitudes ( ! innoc5t4 ,moreov]1 ! abolitioni/s1 z a class1 are religi\s--!y favor peace1 & /& pl$g$ 9 _! con/itution1 be=e ! c\ntry & heav51 to abide 9 peace1 s f> z a =cible v9dication ( ! "r ( ! slaves to _! fre$om is conc]n$4 ,fur!r /ill1 no small numb] ( !m d5y ! "r ( def5ce1 ei!r to individuals or nations1 ev5 :5 =cibly & wrongfully attack$4 ,?is disagreem5t among ourselves on ?is s+le po9t--( :i* our adv]s>ies are by no means ignorant1 z !y (t5 ?r[ x reproa*fully 9 our tee?--w\ld =ev] prev5t conc]t 9 any s*eme t look$ to in/igat+ s]vile revolt4 ,if !re be1 9 all our ranks1 "o1 :o--p]sonal dang] out ( ! "q--w\ld excite ! slaves to insurrection & massacre1 or :o w\ld n be swift to repeat ! e>lie/ attempt to concoct su* an iniquity--,i say1 on my obligations z a man1 he is unkn[n to me4 ,yet x ought n to be matt] ( surprise to abolitioni/s1 t ! ,s\? %\ld consid] !m fanatics1 inc5di>ies1 cut-?roats1 & call !m s too4 ,! ,s\? has _h _! "* report$ to !m by ! ,nor?1 by ^? :o are _! neighbors1 :o1 x 0 suppos$1 knew1 & w\ld speak ! tru?1 & ! tru? only1 conc]n+ !m4 ,x w\ld1 ,i appreh5d1 be unavail+ = abolitioni/s n[ to ent] on any =mal v9dication ( _! "* f *>ges t c be s easily repeat$ aft] e refutation4 ,false & fraudul5t z !y knew !m to be1 !y mu/ be cont5t to live "u !m till ! consummation ( ! "w ( ,fre$om %all prove to ! ma/] t !y h be5 8 fri5ds1 z well z ! fri5ds ( ! slave4 ,! mis*ief ( ^! *>ges has fall5 on ! ,s\?--! malice is to be plac$ to ! cr$it ( ! ,nor?4 #ab4 ,d y propagate y\r doctr9es by any o!r means ?an oral & writt5 discussions--= in/ance1 by pr9ts & pictures 9 manufactures--say ( pocket-h&k]*iefs1 calicoes1 c8 ,pray1 /ate ! v>i\s modes8 ,,answ]4--,two or ?ree ye>s ago1 an abolitioni/ ( ?is city procur$ to be manufactur$1 at 8 own *>ge1 a small lot ( *ildr5's pocket-h&k]*iefs1 impress$ ) anti-slav]y pictures & mottoes4 ,i h no recollection ( hav+ se5 any ( !m b once4 ,none su*1 ,i believe1 are n[ to be f\nd1 or ,i w\ld s5d y a sample4 ,if any manufactures ( ! k9ds m5tion$1 or o!rs simil> to !ta1 are 9 exi/5ce1 !y h be5 produc$ indep5d5tly ( ! ag5cy ( ?is society4 ,x is ?\ght t none su* exi/1 unless ! foll[+ %\ld be suppos$ to fall )9 ! t]ms ( ! inquiry4 ,female abolitioni/s (t5 unite 9 sew+ societies4 ,!y meet toge!r1 usually once a week or =tnight1 & labor ?r\gh ! aft]noon1 ) _! own h&s1 to furni% means = advanc+ ! cause ( ! slave4 ,"o ( ! company reads passages f ! ,bible1 or "s religi\s book1 :il/ ! o!rs are engag$ at _! "w4 ,! articles !y prep>e1 especially if !y be ( ! fancy k9d1 are (t5 ornam5t$ ) h&somely execut$ emblems1 und]writt5 ) appropriate mottoes4 ,! picture ( a slave kneel+ 7su* z y w see impress$ on "o ( ! %eets ( ?is lett]7 & supplicat+ 9 ! words1 ,,am ,i ,,n ,a ,,man ,,& ,a ,,bro!r1 is an example4 ,! mottoes or s5t5ces are1 h[ev]1 mo/ g5]ally select$ f ! ,scriptures2 ei!r appeal+ to human sympa?y 9 behalf ( human suff]+1 or brea?+ =? ,god's t5d] compassion = ! oppress$1 or proclaim+1 9 ?und] tones1 8 av5g+ ju/ice on ! oppressor4 ,a few quotations w %[ _! g5]al "*3-- ,bless$ is he t consid]e? ! poor4 ,def5d ! poor & fa!rless2 d ju/ice to ! afflict$ & ne$y4 ,deliv] ! poor & ! ne$y2 rid him out ( ! h& ( ! wick$4 ,op5 ?y m\? = ! dumb1 plead ! cause ( ! poor & ne$y4 ,bless$ are ! m]ciful1 = !y %all obta9 m]cy4 ,fir/1 be reconcil$ to ?y bro!r1 & !n come & (f] ?y gift4 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,all ?+s :atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s to !m4 ,aga93-- ,= he %all deliv] ! ne$y :5 he crie?2 ! poor also1 & him t ha? no help]4 ,! ,"l loose? ! prison]s2 ! ,"l raise? !m t are b[$ d[n2 ! ,"l pres]ve? ! /rang]s4 ,he ha? s5t me to heal ! brok5-he>t$1 to prea* deliv]ance to ! captives1 to set at lib]ty !m t are bruis$4' ,= ! oppression ( ! poor1 = ! sigh+ ( ! ne$y1 n[ w ,i arise1 sai? ! ,"l2 ,i w set him 9 safety f him t puffe? at him4 ,aga93-- ,! ,"l execute? righte\sness & judgm5t = all t are oppress$4 ,rob n ! poor because he is poor1 nei!r oppress ! afflict$ 9 ! gate2 = ! ,"l w plead _! cause1 & spoil ! s\l ( ^? t spoil$ !m4 ,& ,i w come ne> to y to judgm5t1 & ,i w be a swift witness aga9/ ^? t oppress ! hirel+ 9 8 wages1 ! wid[ & ! fa!rless1 & t turn aside ! /rang] f 8 "r1 & fe> n me1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s4 ,wo unto him t builde? 8 h\se by unrighte\sness1 & 8 *amb]s by wrong2 t use? 8 neighbor's s]vice )\t wages1 & give? him n = 8 "w4 ,fairs1 = ! sale ( articles fabricat$ by ! h&s ( female abolitioni/s1 & recomm5d$ by su* pictures & s5t5ces z ^? quot$ above1 are held 9 _m ( our cities & l>ge t[ns4 ,cr[ds frequ5t !m to pur*ase2 hundr$s ( doll>s are ?us realiz$1 to be appropriat$ to ! anti-slav]y cause2 &1 f ! *eap rate at :i* ! articles are sold1 va/ numb]s ( !m are scatt]$ f> & wide ov] ! c\ntry4 ,besides ^!1 if we except v>i\s draw+s or pictures on pap]1 7samples ( :i* 7 put up 9 ! packages y ord]$ a few days ago17 su* z ! ,slave-m>ket 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ) ,memb]s ( congress att5d+ x--views ( slav]y 9 ! ,s\?--a ,lyn* c\rt 9 ! slave-/ates--! sc\rg+ ( ,mr4 ,dress] by a vigilance committee 9 ! public squ>e ( ,na%ville--! plund]+ ( ! po/-(fice 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c41 & ! conflagration ( "p ( its cont5ts1 c1 c1 ,i am appris$ ( no o!r means ( propagat+ our doctr9es ?an by oral & writt5 discussions4 #ac4 ,are y\r hopes & expectations ( success increas$ or less5$ by ! ev5ts ( ! la/ ye>1 & especially by ! action ( ?is ,congress8 ,& w y\r ex]tions be relax$ or increas$8 ,,answ]4--,! ev5ts ( ! la/ ye>1 includ+ ! action ( ! pres5t ,congress1 are ( ! same "* ) ! ev5ts ( ! eighte5 mon?s :i* imm$iately prec$$ x4 ,9 ! "q be=e u1 !y may be reg>d$ z "o s]ies4 ,i w\ld say1 answ]+ y\r int]rogatory g5]ally1 t none ( !m1 h[ev] unpropiti\s to ! cause ( ! abolitioni/s !y may appe>1 to ^? :o look at ! subject f an opposite po9t to ! "o !y occupy1 seem1 ?us f>1 9 any degree to h less5$ _! hopes & expectations4 ,! ev5ts allud$ to h n come altoge!r unexpect$4 ,!y are reg>d$ z ! legitimate manife/ations ( slav]y--necess>y1 p]haps1 9 ! pres5t dull & unappreh5sive /ate ( ! public m9d z to human rights1 to be br\ght out & spread be=e ! p1 be=e !y w suffici5tly revolt aga9/ slav]y itself4 #a4 ,!y are se5 9 ! ,,*ur*1 & 9 ! practice ( its individual memb]s4 ,! s\!rn portion ( ! ,am]ican *ur* may n[ be reg>d$ z hav+ admitt$ ! dogma1 t slav]y is a ,div9e in/itution4 ,%e has be5 =c$ by ! anti-slav]y discussion into ?is position--ei!r to cease f slavehold+1 or =mally to adopt ! only alt]native1 t slavehold+ is "r4 ,%e has *os5 ! alt]native--reluctantly1 to be sure1 b sub/antially1 &1 )9 ! la/ ye>1 almo/ unequivocally4 ,9 def5d+ :at 0 de> to h]1 %e has be5 =c$ to ca/ away h] g>m5ts1 & ?us to reveal a de=mity1 ( :i* %e h]self1 be=e1 0 sc>cely aw>e1 & ! exi/5ce ( :i* o!rs did n cr$it4 ,s mu* = ! action ( ! s\!rn *ur* z a body4--,on ! "p ( h] ,,memb]s1 ! revelation ( a "t-s]v+ _s1 t n only yield$ to ! f]ocity ( ! multitude1 b fell 9 ) x1 may be reckon$ among ! ev5ts ( ! la/ ?ree ye>s4 ,in/ances ( ?is may be f\nd 9 ! att5dance ( ! cl]gy ( all d5om9ations1 at a tumultu\s meet+ ( ! citiz5s ( ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c41 held 9 ,augu/1 #ahce1 = ! purpose ( r$uc+ to sy/em _! unlawful surveillance & control ( ! po/-(fice & mail2 & 9 ! alacrity ) :i* !y obey$ ! popul> call to dissolve ! ,sunday-s*ools = ! in/ruction ( ! color$ p4 ,also 9 ! fact1 t1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,s\?1 *ur* memb]s are n only f\nd on ! ,vigilance ,committees1 7tribunals organiz$ 9 opposition to ! laws ( ! /ates :]e !y exi/17 b unit+ ) ! m]ciless & ! pr(ligate 9 pass+ s5t5ce consign+ to infam\s & excruciat+1 if n extreme puni%m5t1 p]sons1 by _! own ackn[l$gm5t1 innoc5t ( any unlawful act4 ,out ( sixty p]sons t compos$ ! vigilance committee :i* condemn$ ,mr4 ,dress] to be sc\rg$ 9 ! public squ>e ( ,na%ville1 ,,tw5ty-,,sev5 7 memb]s ( *ur*es1 & "o ( !m a pr(ess$ ,tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,a memb] ( ! committee /at$ aft]w>d1 9 a newspap] ( :i* he 0 ! editor1 t ,mr4 ,d4 _h n laid himself liable to any puni%m5t kn[n to ! laws4 ,ano!r in/ance is to be f\nd 9 ! conduct ( ! ,rev4 ,wm4 ,s4 ,plum]1 ( ,virg9ia4 ,hav+ be5 abs5t f ,ri*mond1 :5 ! m9i/]s ( ! gospel assembl$ toge!r =mally to te/ify _! abhorr5ce ( ! abolitioni/s1 he address$ ! *airman ( ! committee ( correspond5ce a note1 9 :i* he uses ?is language3--,if abolitioni/s w set ! c\ntry 9 a blaze1 x is b fair t !y %\ld h ! fir/ w>m+ at ! fire4--,let !m und]/&1 t !y w be caught1 if !y come among u1 & !y w take good he$ to keep out ( our way4 ,mr4 ,p4 has no d\btful /&+ 9 ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* ) :i* he is connect$4 ,he has be5 reg>d$ z "o ( its brighte/ ornam5ts4,a ,to drive ! slavehold+ *ur* & its memb]s f ! equivocal1 ! neutral position1 f :i* !y _h s long successfully def5d$ slav]y--to compel !m to elevate _! practice to an ev5 height ) _! av[$ pr9ciples1 or to degrade _! pr9ciples to ! level ( _! kn[n practice1 0 a prelim9>y1 necess>y 9 ! view ( abolitioni/s1 ei!r = br++ t "p ( ! *ur* into ! common action aga9/ slav]y1 or z a gr\nd = treat+ x z conf$]ate ) oppressors4 ,s f>1 !n1 z ! action ( ! *ur*1 or ( its individual memb]s1 is to be reckon$ among ! ev5ts ( ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s1 ! abolitioni/s f9d 9 x no?+ to less5 _! hopes or expectations4 ,footnote ,a3 ,9 ! division ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 t has j tak5 place1 ,mr4 ,plum] has be5 elect$ ,mod]ator ( ! ,old ,s*ool portion4 #b4 ,! abolitioni/s believ$1 f ! beg9n+1 t ! slaves ( ! ,s\? 7 7z slaves are ev]y:]e7 unhappy1 because ( _! condition4 ,_! adv]s>ies d5i$ x1 av]r+ t1 z a class1 !y 7 cont5t$ & happy4 ,! abolitioni/s ?\ght t ! argum5t aga9/ slav]y c\ld be made good1 s f> z ?is po9t 0 conc]n$1 by ei!r admitt+ or d5y+ ! ass]tion4 ,admitt+ x1 !y insi/$1 t1 no?+ c\ld demon/rate ! turpitude ( any sy/em m surely ?an ! fact1 t ,,man--made 9 ! image ( ,god--b a little l[] ?an ! angels--cr[n$ ) glory & honor1 & set ov] ! works ( ,god's h&s--8 m9d sweep+ 9 an in/ant f planet to planet1 f ! sun ( "o sy/em to ! sun ( ano!r1 ev5 to ! great c5tre sun ( !m all--contemplat+ ! ma*9]y ( ! univ]se :eel+ un%ak5 9 ! awful & my/]i\s gr&eur ( its movem5ts ?r\gh ! void imm5se--) a _s delight+ 9 upw>d aspiration--b\nd+ f e>? to heav5--t seats itself fa/ by ! ?rone ( ,god1 to dr9k 9 ! in/ructions ( ,inf9ite ,wisdom1 or flies to execute ! comm&s ( ,inf9ite ,goodness2--t su* a be+ c\ld be made cont5t$ & happy ) en\gh to eat1 & dr9k1 & we>1 & %elt] f ! wea!r--) ! base provision t satisfies ! brutes1 is 7say ! abolitioni/s7 en\gh to r5d] sup]flu\s all o!r argum5ts = ! in/ant ab&onm5t ( a sy/em ^: appropriate "w is su* inf9ite wrong4 ,d5y+ t ! slaves are cont5t$ & happy1 ! abolitioni/s h argu$1 t1 f ! /ructure ( 8 moral nature--! laws ( 8 m9d--man _c be happy 9 ! fact1 t he is enslav$4 ,true1 he may be happy 9 slav]y1 b x is n slav]y t makes him s--x is virtue & fai?1 elevat+ him above ! afflictions ( 8 lot4 ,! slave has a w1 lead+ him to seek ^? ?+s :i* ! ,au?or ( 8 nature has made conducive to its happ9ess4 ,9 ^! ?+s1 ! w ( ! ma/] comes 9 collision ) 8 w4 ,! slave desires to receive ! rew>ds ( 8 own labor2 ! p[] ( ! ma/] wre/s !m f him4 ,! slave desires to possess 8 wife1 to :om ,god has jo9$ him1 9 affection1 to h ! sup]9t5d5ce1 & enjoy ! s]vices1 ( ! *ildr5 :om ,god has confid$ to him z a p>5t to tra9 !m1 by ! habits ( ! filial relation1 = ! yet high] relation t !y may su/a9 to him z _! heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,b "h he is met by ! oppos+ w ( ! ma/]1 press+ 8 claims ) irresi/ible p[]4 ,! ties t heav5 has sanction$ & bless$--( husb& & wife1 ( p>5t & *ild--are all sund]$ 9 a mom5t by ! ma/]1 at ! prompt+ ( av>ice or luxury or lu/2 & !re is none t c /ay 8 ru?less h&1 or say unto him1 ,:at doe/ ?\8 ,! slave ?ir/s = ! pleasures ( ref9$ & elevat$ intellect--! ma/] d5ies to him ! humble/ lit]>y acquisition4 ,! slave pants to "k some?+ ( t /ill high] nature t he feels burn+ )9 him--( 8 pres5t /ate1 8 future de/9y1 ( ! ,be+ :o made him1 to ^: judgm5t-seat he is go+4 ,! ma/]'s int]e/s cry1 ,no6 ,su* k is too wond]ful = y2 x is high1 y _c atta9 unto x4 ,to pr$icate happ9ess ( a class ( be+s1 plac$ 9 circum/ances :]e _! w is ev]la/+ly defeat$ by an irresi/ible p[]--! abolitioni/s say1 is to prove !m de/itute ( ! sympa?ies ( our nature--n human4 ,x is to decl>e ) ! ,a!i/1 t man is indep5d5t ( ! goodness ( 8 ,creator = 8 enjoym5ts--t human happ9ess calls n = any ( ! appliances ( 8 b\nty--t ,god's ?rone is a nullity1 himself a sup]fluity4 ,b1 indep5d5tly ( any ab/ract reason+ drawn f ! nature ( moral & intellig5t be+s1 ,,facts h be5 elicit$ 9 ! discussion ( ! po9t be=e u1 prov+ slav]y ev]y:]e 7especially ,s\!rn slav]y1 ma9ta9$ by enlight5$ ,prote/ants ( ! n9ete5? c5tury7 replete ) torm5ts & horrors--! dire/ =m ( oppression t upheaves itself be=e ! sun4 ,^! facts h be5 s successfully impress$ on a l>ge portion ( ! intellig5t m9d ( ! c\ntry1 t ! slaves ( ! ,s\? are beg9n+ to be consid]$ z ^? :om ,god emphatically reg>ds z ! poor1 ! ne$y1 ! afflict$1 ! oppress$1 ! b[$ d[n2 & = ^: consolation he has said1 ,n[ w ,i arise--,i w set him 9 safety f him t puffe? at him4 ,?is /ate ( ! public m9d has be5 br\ght ab\t )9 ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s2 & x is an ev5t :i*1 s f> f less5+1 greatly animates1 ! hopes & expectations ( abolitioni/s4 #c4 ,! abolitioni/s believ$ f ! fir/1 t ! t5d5cy ( slav]y is to produce1 on ! "p ( ! :ites1 loos5ess ( morals1 disda9 ( ! :olesome re/ra9ts ( law1 & a f]ocity ( temp]1 f\nd1 only 9 solit>y in/ances1 9 ^? c\ntries :]e slav]y is unkn[n4 ,!y 7 n ignorant ( ! fact1 t ?is 0 disput$2 nor t ! ,,*ivalry ,,( ,,! ,,s\? _h become a cant phrase1 includ+1 all t is high-m9d$ & honorable among m52 nor1 t x _h be5 =mally ass]t$ 9 our ,national legislature1 t slav]y1 z x exi/s 9 ! ,s\?1 produces ! highe/ ton$1 ! pure/1 be/ organization ( society t has ev] exi/$ on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,nor 7 ! abolitioni/s unaw>e1 t ^! pret5sions1 prov+ any?+ else b _! own solidity1 _h be5 e*o$ & re-e*o$ s long by ! un?9k+ & ! int]e/$ ( ! ,nor?1 t ! "* ( ! ,s\? _h be5 injuri\sly affect$ by !m--till %e began boldly to attribute h] peculi> sup]iority to h] peculi> in/itution1 & ?us to /r5g!n x4 ,all ?is ! abolitioni/s saw & knew4 ,b few o!rs saw & und]/ood x z !y did4 ,! revelations ( ! la/ ?ree ye>s are fa/ dissipat+ ! old notion1 & br++ multitudes 9 ! ,nor? to see ! subject z ! abolitioni/s see x4 ,:5 ,s\!rn ,*ivalry & ! purity ( s\!rn society are spok5 ( n[1 x is at once repli$1 t a l>ge numb] ( ! slaves %[1 by _! color1 _! indisputable claim to :ite pat]nity2 & t1 not)/&+ _! ne> consangu9e\s relation to ! :ites1 !y are /ill held & treat$1 9 all respects1 z slaves4 ,nor is x =gott5 n[1 :5 ! claims ( ! ,s\? to hospitality are press$1 to object1 because !y are gr\nd$ on ! unpaid wages ( ! labor]--on ! robb]y ( ! poor4 ,:5 ,s\!rn g5]osity is m5tion$1 ! old adage1 be j be=e y are g5]\s1 furni%es ! reply4 ,x is no pro( ( g5]osity 7say ! objectors7 to take ! bread ( ! labor]1 to lavi% x 9 banquet+s on ! ri*4 ,:5 ,s\!rn ,*ivalry is ! !me ( its admir]s1 ! h>d-h&$1 b intellig5t1 work+ man ( ! ,nor? asks1 if ! espionage ( s\!rn hotels1 & ( %ips & /eamboats on _! arrival at s\!rn ports2 if ! pr[l1 by day & by night1 = ! solit>y /rang] suspect$ ( sympa?iz+ ) ! enslav$1 t he may be deliv]$ ov] to ! m]cies ( a vigilance committee1 furni%es ! pro( ( its exi/5ce2 if ! unlawful importation ( slaves f ,africa,a furni%es ! pro(2 if ! abuse1 ! sc\rg+1 ! hang+ on suspicion1 )\t law1 ( fri5dless /rang]s1 furni% ! pro(2 if ! summ>y execution ( slaves & ( color$ freem51 almo/ by ! score1 )\t legal trial1 furni%es ! pro(2 if ! cruelties & tortures to :i* citiz5s h be5 expos$1 & ! burn+ to dea? ( slaves by sl[ fires1,b furni% ! pro(4 ,all ^! ?+s1 says he1 furni% any ?+ b pro( ( true hospitality1 or g5]osity1 or gallantry1 or purity1 or *ivalry4 ,footnote ,a3 ,mr4 ,m]c]1 ( ,virg9ia1 "s ye>s ago1 ass]t$ 9 ,congress1 t ,,c>goes ( ,african slaves 7 smuggl$ into ! s\!rn /ates to a deplorable ext5t4 ,mr4 ,middleton1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 decl>$ x to be 8 belief1 t ,,?irte5 ,,?\s& ,africans 7 annually smuggl$ into ! s\!rn /ates4 ,mr4 ,wright1 ( ,m>yl&1 e/imat$ ! numb] at ,,fifte5 ,,?\s&4 ,miss ,m>t9eau 0 told 9 #ahce1 by a weal?y slavehold] ( ,l\isiana1 7:o probably spoke ( t /ate alone17 t ! annual importation ( native ,africans 0 f ,,?irte5 ,,?\s& to ,,fifte5 ,,?\s&4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 8 la/ ,annual ,message1 speak+ ( ! ,navy1 says1 ,! l>ge =ce "u ,commodore ,dallas on ! ,we/ ,india /ation has be5 mo/ actively & effici5tly employ$ 9 protect+ our comm]ce1 ,,9 ,,prev5t+ ,,! ,,importation ,,( ,,slaves1 c4 ,footnote ,b3 ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s1 f\r slaves1 & "o citiz5 ( color1 h be5 put to dea? 9 ?is mann]1 9 ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 ,miss\ri1 & ,arkansas4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t ! "t :5 s\!rn slav]y d]iv$ c\nt5ance at ! ,nor?1 f its suppos$ connection ) *ivalry1 is rapidly pass+ away4 ,s\!rn ,*ivalry w soon be reg>d$ z "o ( ! by-gone fool]ies ( a less intellig5t & less virtu\s age4 ,x w soon be ca/ out--giv+ place to ! m reasonable idea1 t ! d5ial ( wages to ! labor]1 ! sell+ ( m5 & wom51 ! :ipp+ ( husb&s & wives 9 ea* o!rs pres5ce1 to compel !m to unrequit$ toil1 ! delib]ate attempt to ext+ui% m9d1 &1 consequ5tly1 to de/roy ! s\l--is among ! highe/ (f5ces aga9/ ,god & man--unspeakably mean & ung5tlemanly4 ,! impression made on ! m9ds ( ! p z to ?is matt]1 is "o ( ! ev5ts ( ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s t does n contribute to less5 ! hopes or expectations ( abolitioni/s4 #d4 ,! asc5d5cy t ,slav]y has acquir$1 & ex]cises1 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t1 & ! appreh5sion n[ prevail+ among ! sob] & intellig5t1 irrespective ( p>ty1 t x w soon ov]ma/] ! ,con/itution itself1 may be rank$ among ! ev5ts ( ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s t affect ! c\rse ( abolitioni/s4 ,! abolitioni/s reg>d ! ,con/itution ) unabat$ affection4 ,!y hold 9 no common v5]ation ! memory ( ^? :o made x4 ,!y w\ld be ! la/ to br& ,frankl9 & ,k+ & ,morris & ,wilson & ,%]man & ,hamilton ) ! ineffaceable infamy ( attempt+ to +raft on ! ,con/itution1 & !re=e to p]petuate1 a sy/em ( oppression 9 absolute antagonism to its high & pr(ess$ objects1 "o :i* _! own practice condemn$1--& ?is1 too1 :5 !y _h sc>cely wip$ away ! du/ & sweat ( ! ,revolution f _! br[s6 ,:il/ abolitioni/s feel & speak ?us ( our ,con/itutional fa!rs1 !y d n ju/ify ! d]eliction ( pr9ciple into :i* !y 7 betray$1 :5 !y imp>t$ to ! "w ( _! h&s any p[] to contribute to ! cont9uance ( su* a sy/em4 ,!y c only palliate x1 by suppos+1 t !y ?\ght1 slav]y 0 already a wan+ in/itution1 de/9$ soon to pass away4 ,9 _! "t1 7#aghg7 slaves 7 comp>atively ( little value--!re be+ !n no great slave-labor /aple 7z cotton is n[7 to make !m pr(itable to _! hold]s4,a ,_h ! circum/ances ( ! c\ntry rema9$ z !y !n 71 slave-labor1 always & e :]e ! mo/ exp5sive--w\ld h disappe>$ be=e ! competition ( free lab\r4 ,!y _h se51 too1 ! pr9ciple ( univ]sal lib]ty1 on :i* ! ,revolution 0 ju/ifi$1 recognis$ & embodi$ 9 mo/ ( ! ,/ate ,con/itutions2 !y _h se5 slav]y utt]ly =bidd5 9 t ( ,v]mont --in/antane\sly aboli%$ 9 t ( ,massa*usetts--& laws enact$ 9 ! ,new-,engl& ,/ates & 9 ,p5nsylvania1 = its gradual abolition4 ,well might !y h anticipat$1 t ,ju/ice & ,humanity1 n[ />t+ =? ) fre% vigor1 w\ld1 9 _! m>*1 sweep away ! :ole sy/em2 m especially1 z fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press--! legitimate aboli%] n only ( ! ackn[l$g$ vice ( slav]y1 b ( e o!r t "t %\ld reveal 9 our in/itutions or practices--_h be5 fully secur$ to ! p4 ,aga92 p[] 0 conf]r$ on ,congress to put a /op to ! ,african slave-trade1 )\t :i* x 0 ?\ght1 at t "t1 to be impossible to ma9ta9 slav]y1 z a sy/em1 on ?is cont95t1--s great 0 ! havoc x committ$ on human life4 ,au?ority 0 also grant$ to ,congress to prev5t ! transf] ( slaves1 z articles ( comm]ce1 f "o ,/ate to ano!r2 & ! introduction ( slav]y into ! t]ritories4 ,all ?is 0 cr[n$ by ! p[] ( refus+ admission into ! ,union1 to any new /ate1 ^: =m ( gov]nm5t 0 repugnant to ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty set =? 9 t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! fai?ful execution1 by ,congress1 ( ^! p[]s1 x 0 reasonably en\gh suppos$1 w\ld1 at lea/1 prev5t ! gr[? ( slav]y1 if x did n entirely remove x4 ,congress did1 at ! set "t1 execute "o ( !m--deem$1 !n1 ! mo/ effectual ( ! :ole2 b1 z x has turn$ out1 ! lea/ s4 ,footnote ,a3 ,! cultivation ( cotton 0 almo/ unkn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates be=e #aghg4 ,x 0 n till two ye>s aft]w>d t x began to be rais$ or export$4 7,see ,report ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 ,feb4 #bi1 #ahcf47--,see ,app5dix1 ,d4 ,! effect ( ! int]diction ( ! ,african slave-trade 01 n to dim9i% ! trade itself1 or greatly to mitigate its horrors2 x only *ang$ its "n f ,african to ,am]ican--transf]r$ ! seat ( comm]ce f ,africa to ,am]ica--its pr(its f ,african pr9ces to ,am]ican f>m]s4 ,inde$1 x is almo/ c]ta91 if ! ,african slave-trade _h be5 left unre/ra9$1 t slav]y w\ld n h cov]$ s l>ge a portion ( our c\ntry z x does n[4 ,! *eap rate at :i* slaves might h be5 import$ by ! plant]s ( ! s\?1 w\ld h prev5t$ ! re>+ ( !m = sale1 by ! f>m]s ( ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 & ! o!r slave-sell+ /ates4 ,if ^! /ates c\ld be re/ra9$ f ! comm]ce 9 slaves1 slav]y c\ld n be support$ by !m = any l5g? ( "t1 or to any consid]able ext5t4 ,!y c\ld n ma9ta9 x1 z an economical sy/em1 "u ! competition ( free labor4 ,x is ow+ to ! non-us] by ,congress1 or r to _! unfai?ful application ( _! p[] to ! o!r po9ts1 on :i* x 0 expect$ to act = ! limitation or ext]m9ation ( slav]y1 t ! hopes ( our fa!rs h n be5 realiz$2 & t slav]y has1 at l5g?1 become s audaci\s1 z op5ly to *all5ge ! pr9ciples ( #aggf--to trample on ! mo/ preci\s rights secur$ to ! citiz5--to m5ace ! integrity ( ! ,union & ! v exi/5ce ( ! gov]nm5t itself4 ,slav]y has advanc$ to its pres5t position by /eps t 71 at fir/1 gradual1 &1 = a long "t1 almo/ unnotic$2 aft]w>d1 x made its way by intimidat+ or corrupt+ ^? :o ought to h be5 =w>d to resi/ its pret5sions4 ,up to ! "t ( ! ,miss\ri ,compromise1 by :i* ! nation 0 :e$l$ out ( its honor1 slav]y 0 look$ on z an evil t 0 f9ally to yield to ! exp&+ & rip5+ influ5ces ( our ,con/itutional pr9ciples & regulations4 ,:y x has n yield$1 we may easily see1 by ev5 a slight glance at "s ( ! incid5ts 9 our hi/ory4 ,x has already be5 said1 t we h be5 br\ght into our pres5t condition by ! unfai?fulness ( ,congress1 9 n ex]t+ ! p[] ve/$ 9 x1 to /op ! dome/ic slave-trade1 & 9 ! abuse ( ! p[] ( admitt+ new /ates into ! ,union4 ,k5tucky made application 9 #agib1 ) a slave-hold+ ,con/itution 9 h] h&4--,) :at a m]e te*nicality ,congress suff]$ itself to be drugg$ into torpor3--,%e 0 "p ( "o ( ! ,orig9al ,/ates--& !re=e entitl$ to all _! privileges4 ,"o prec$5t e/abli%$1 x 0 easy to make ano!r4 ,t5nessee 0 admitt$ 9 #agif1 )\t scruple1 on ! same gr\nd4 ,! next triumph ( slav]y 0 9 #ahjc1 9 ! pur*ase ( ,l\isiana1 ackn[l$g$ aft]w>d1 ev5 by ,mr4 ,jeff]son :o made x1 to be unau?oriz$ by ! ,con/itution--& 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( slav]y ?r\gh\t its va/ limits1 actually & sub/antially "u ! auspices ( t in/rum5t :i* decl>es its only objects to be--to =m a m p]fect union1 e/abli% ,,ju/ice1 insure ,,dome/ic ,,tranquility1 provide = ! common def5ce1 promote ! g5]al welf>e1 & secure ! bless+s ( ,,lib]ty to ourselves & our po/]ity4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,x may be repli$1 ,! color$ p 7 held z prop]ty by ! laws ( ,l\isiana previ\sly to ! cession1 & t ,congress _h no "r to dive/ ! newly acquir$ citiz5s ( _! prop]ty4 ,?is /atem5t is evasive4 ,x does n include1 nor t\* ! "q1 :i* is ?is3--,_h ,congress1 or ! treaty-mak+ p[]1 a "r to recognise1 &1 by recognis+1 to e/abli%1 9 a t]ritory t _h no claim ( privilege1 on ! gr\nd ( be+ "p ( "o ( ! ,orig9al ,/ates1 a condition ( ?+s t x c\ld n e/abli% directly1 because !re 0 no grant 9 ! con/itution ( p[]1 direct or incid5tal1 to d s--& because1 to d s1 0 9 d[nright oppugnancy to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,con/itution itself8 ,! "q may be easily answ]$ by /at+ ! foll[+ case3--,suppose a law _h exi/$ 9 ,l\isiana1 previ\s to ! cession1 by :i* ! *ildr5--male & female--( all su* p>5ts z 7 n own]s ( real e/ate ( ! ye>ly value ( #ejj1 _h be5--no matt] h[ long--held 9 slav]y by _! m weal?y l&-hold+ neighbors3--w\ld ,congress1 "u ! ,con/itution1 h a "r 7by recognis+7 to e/abli%1 = ev]1 su* a relation z "o :ite p]son1 "u su* a law1 might hold to ano!r8 ,surely n4 ,& yet no sub/antial diff]5ce betwe5 ! two cases c be po9t$ out4 ,9 ?is case1 ! violation ( ! ,con/itution 0 suff]$ to pass ) b little opposition1 except f ,massa*usetts1 because we 7 cont5t to receive 9 ex*ange1 multipli$ comm]cial b5efits & enl>g$ t]ritorial limits4 ,! next /ride t slav]y made ov] ! ,con/itution 0 9 ! admission ( ! ,/ate ( ,l\isiana into ! ,union4 ,%e c\ld claim no favor z "p ( an ,orig9al ,/ate4 ,at ?is po9t1 x might h be5 suppos$1 ! fri5ds ( ,fre$om & ( ! ,con/itution accord+ to its orig9al int5t1 w\ld h made a /&4 ,b no3 ) ! exception ( ,massa*usetts1 !y hesitat$ & 7 p]suad$ to acquiesce1 because ! c\ntry 0 j ab\t ent]+ into a w> ) ,engl&1 & ! crisis 0 unpropiti\s = discuss+ que/ions t w\ld create divisions betwe5 diff]5t sections ( ! ,union4 ,we mu/ wait till ! c\ntry 0 at peace4 ,?us x 0 t ,l\isiana 0 admitt$ )\t a controv]sy4 ,next foll[$1 9 #ahag & #ahbj1 ,mississippi & ,alabama--admitt$ aft] ! example ( ,k5tucky & ,t5nessee1 )\t any conte/4 ,meantime1 ,florida _h giv5 "s uneas9ess to ! slavehold]s ( ! neighbor+ /ates2 & = _! accommodation *iefly1 a negociation 0 set on foot by ! gov]nm5t to pur*ase x4 ,miss\ri 0 next 9 ord] 9 #ahba4 ,%e c\ld plead no privilege1 on ! score ( be+ "p ( "o ( ! orig9al /ates2 ! c\ntry too1 0 reliev$ f ! pressure ( h] late conflict ) ,engl&2 x 0 prosp]\s & quiet2 e ?+ seem$ propiti\s to a calm & dispassionate consid]ation ( ! claims ( slavehold]s to add props to _! sy/em1 by admitt+ indef9itely1 new slave /ates to ! ,union4 ,up to ?is "t1 ! ,,evil ( slav]y _h be5 almo/ univ]sally ackn[l$g$ & deplor$ by ! ,s\?1 & its t]m9ation 7app>5tly7 s9c]ely hop$ =4,a ,by ?is managem5t its fri5ds succe$$ 9 bl9d+ ! confid+ p ( ! ,nor?4 ,!y ?\ght = ! mo/ "p1 t ! slavehold]s 7 act+ 9 good fai?4 ,x is n int5d$ by ?is rem>k1 to make ! impression1 t ! ,s\? _h all along press$ ! admission ( new slave /ates1 simply ) a view to ! increase ( its own relative p[]4 ,by no means3 slav]y _h ins9uat$ itself into favor because ( its be+ mix$ up ) 7o!r7 suppos$ b5efits--& because its ultimate influ5ce on ! gov]nm5t 0 nei!r suspect$ nor dread$4 ,b1 on ! ,miss\ri "q1 !re 0 a fair trial ( /r5g? betwe5 ! fri5ds ( ,slav]y & ! fri5ds ( ! ,con/itution4 ,! =m] triumph$1 & by ! prime ag5cy ( "o ^: raim5t1 ! rema9d] ( 8 days1 ought to be sackclo? & a%es1--because ( ! disgrace he has cont9u$ on ! "n ( 8 c\ntry1 & ! consequ5t injury t he has inflict$ on ! cause ( ,fre$om ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,al?\gh all ! diff]5t ,adm9i/rations1 f ! fir/ organization ( ! gov]nm5t1 _h1 9 ! indirect mann] already m5tion$1 favor$ slav]y1--!re _h n be5 on any previ\s occasion1 a direct /ruggle betwe5 its pret5sions & ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty +raft$ on ! ,con/itution4 ,! fri5ds ( ! latt] 7 induc$ to believe1 :5ev] !y %\ld be array$ aga9/ ea* o!r1 t !irs w\ld be ! triumph4 ,trem5d\s error6 ,mi/ake almo/ fatal6 ,! battle 0 f\ght4 ,slav]y em]g$ f x unhurt--h] h&s made gory--h] bloody plume /ill float+ 9 ! air--exult+ly br&i%+ h] dripp+ sword ov] h] pro/rate & vanqui%$ enemy4 ,%e _h won all = :i* %e f\ght4 ,h] victory 0 complete--,,! ,,sanction ,,( ,,! ,,nation ,,0 ,,giv5 ,,to ,,slav]y6,b ,footnote ,a3 ,mr4 ,clay1 9 conduct+ ! ,miss\ri compromise1 f\nd x necess>y to argue1 t ! admission ( ,miss\ri1 z a slavehold+ /ate1 w\ld aid 9 br++ ab\t ! t]m9ation ( slav]y4 ,8 argum5t is ?us /at$ by ,mr4 ,s]geant1 :o repli$ to him3--,9 ?is long view ( remote & di/ant consequ5ces1 ! g5tleman f ,k5tucky 7,mr4 ,clay7 ?9ks he sees h[ slav]y1 :5 ?us spread1 is at la/ to f9d its end4 ,x is to be br\ght ab\t by ! comb9$ op]ation ( ! laws :i* regulate ! price ( labor1 & ! laws :i* gov]n population4 ,:5 ! c\ntry %all be fill$ ) inhabitants1 & ! price ( labor %all h rea*$ a m9imum1 7a comp>ative m9imum ,i suppose is meant17 free labor w be f\nd *eap] ?an slave labor4 ,slaves w !n be )\t employm5t1 &1 ( c\rse1 )\t ! means ( com=table subsi/5ce1 :i* w r$uce _! numb]s1 & f9ally extirpate !m4 ,?is is ! argum5t z ,i und]/& x1 says ,mr4 ,s]geant2 &1 c]ta9ly1 "o m *im]ical or m inhuman c\ld n h be5 urg$4 ,footnote ,b3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,e4 ,imm$iately aft] ?is a*ievem5t1 ! slavehold+ int]e/ 0 /ill m /rongly =tifi$ by ! acquisition ( ,florida1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( slav]y !re1 z x _h already be5 9 ! t]ritory ( ,l\isiana4 ,! ,miss\ri triumph1 h[ev]1 seems to h ext+ui%$ e ?+ l a sy/ematic or spirit$ opposition1 on ! "p ( ! free /ates1 to ! pret5sions ( ! slavehold+ ,s\?4 ,arkansas 0 admitt$ b ! o!r day1 ) no?+ t des]ves to be call$ an ef=t to prev5t x--al?\gh h] ,con/itution attempts to p]petuate slav]y1 by =bidd+ ! ma/] to emancipate 8 bondm5 )\t ! cons5t ( ! ,legislature1 & ! ,legislature )\t ! cons5t ( ! ma/]4 ,embold5$1 b n satisfi$1 ) _! success 9 e political conte/ ) ! p ( ! free /ates1 ! slavehold]s are beg9n+ n[ to ?r[ (f _! disguise--to br& _! =m] notions ab\t ! evil1 political & moral ( slav]y1 z folly & delusion1,a--& z if to make assurance d\ble sure1 & def5d !mselves =ev]1 by t]ritorial p[]1 aga9/ ! progress ( ,free pr9ciples & ! r5ovation ( ! ,con/itution1 !y n[ dem& op5ly--scorn+ to conceal t _! object is1 to advance & e/abli% _! political p[] 9 ! c\ntry1--t ,texas1 a =eign /ate1 five or six times z l>ge z all ,new ,engl&1 ) a ,con/itution dy$ z deep 9 slav]y1 z t ( ,arkansas1 %all be add$ to ! ,union4 ,footnote ,a3 ,mr4 ,calh\n is report$1 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c]1 z hav+ us$ ^! words 9 a spee* deliv]$ 9 ! ,s5ate1 ! #aj? day ( ,janu>y3-- ,_m 9 ! ,s\? once believ$ t x slav]y 0 a moral & political evil2 t folly & delusion are gone4 ,we see x n[ 9 its true light1 & reg>d x z ! mo/ safe & /able basis = free in/itutions 9 ! _w4 ,mr4 ,hammond1 =m]ly a ,repres5tative 9 ,congress f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 deliv]$ a spee* 7,feb4 #a1 #ahcf7 on ! "q ( receiv+ petitions = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,9 answ]+ ^? :o object$ to a slavehold+ c\ntry1 t x 0 assimilat$ to an ari/ocracy1 he says--,9 ?is !y are "r4 ,i accept ! t]ms4 ,x is a gov]nm5t ( ! be/4 ,comb9+ all ! advantages1 & possess+ b few ( ! disadvantages1 ( ! ari/ocracy ( ! old _w--)\t fo/]+1 to an unw>rantable ext5t1 ! pride1 ! exclusiv5ess1 ! selfi%ness1 ! ?ir/ = sway1 ! contempt = ! rights ( o!rs1 :i* di/+ui% ! nobility ( ,europe--x gives u _! education1 _! poli%1 _! munific5ce1 _! high honor1 _! undaunt$ _s4 ,slav]y does inde$ create an ari/ocracy--an ari/ocracy ( tal5ts1 ( virtue1 ( g5]osity1 ( c\rage4 ,9 a slave c\ntry1 e freeman is an ari/ocrat4 ,be he ri* or poor1 if he does n possess a s+le slave1 he has be5 born to all ! natural advantages ( ! society 9 :i* he is plac$2 & all its honors lie op5 be=e him1 invit+ 8 g5ius & indu/ry4 ,sir1 ,i d firmly believe1 t dome/ic slav]y1 regulat$ z ours is1 produces ! highe/ ton$1 ! pure/1 be/ organization ( society1 t has ev] exi/$ on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,t ?is retraxit ( =m] follies & delusions is n conf9$ to ! m]e politician1 we h ! foll[+ pro(s3-- ,! ,,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,,union ,,presbyt]y--,resolv$4 ,t 9 ! op9ion ( ?is ,presbyt]y1 ! hold+ ( slaves1 s f> f be+ a s9 9 ! sight ( ,god1 is n[h]e condemn$ 9 8 holy ^w2 t x is 9 accordance ) ! example1 or consi/5t ) ! precepts1 ( patri>*s1 prophets1 & apo/les2 & t x is compatible ) ! mo/ frat]nal reg>d to ! good ( ! s]vants :om ,god has committ$ to our *>ge4--,)9 ! la/ few mon?s1 z we le>n f a late ,no4 ( ! ,*>le/on ,c\ri]1 ! late ,synod ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 9 ,augu/a1 7,ga47 pass$ resolutions decl>+ ,t slav]y is a ,,civil ,,in/itution1 ) :i* ! ,g5]al ,assembly ! highe/ ecclesia/ical tribunal has ,,no?+ ,,to ,,d4 ,aga93--,! ,,*>le/on ,,bapti/ ,,association1 9 a memorial to ! ,legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 say--,! und]sign$ w\ld fur!r repres5t1 t ! said ,association does n consid] t ! ,holy ,scriptures h made ! ,,fact ( slav]y a "q ( morals at all4 ,& fur!r1--,! "r ( ma/]s to dispose ( ! "t ( _! slaves1 has be5 di/9ctly recognis$ by ! ,creator ( all ?+s4 ,aga93--,! ,,edgefield 7,s4,c47 ,,association--,resolv$1 ,t ! practical "q ( slav]y1 9 a c\ntry :]e ! sy/em has obta9$ z a "p ( its /at$ policy1 is settl$ 9 ! ,scriptures by ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les4 ,resolv$1 ,t ^! uni=mly recognis$ ! relation ( ma/] & slave1 & enjo9$ on bo? _! respective duties1 "u a sy/em ( s]vitude m degrad+ & absolute ?an t :i* obta9s 9 our c\ntry4 ,aga9 we f9d1 9 a late ,no4 ( ! ,*>le/on ,c\ri]1 ! foll[+3-- ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,*ur*4--,! ,georgia ,conf]5ce ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 at a rec5t meet+ 9 ,a!ns1 pass$ resolutions1 decl>+ t slav]y1 z x exi/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is n a moral evil1 & is a civil & dome/ic in/itution1 ) :i* ,*ri/ian m9i/]s h no?+ to d1 fur!r ?an to meliorate ! condition ( ! slave1 by endeavor+ to imp>t to him & 8 ma/] ! b5ign influ5ce ( ! religion ( ,*ri/1 & aid+ bo? on _! way to heav54 ,! abolitioni/s feel a deep reg>d = ! integrity & union ( ! gov]nm5t1 on ! pr9ciples ( ! ,con/itution4 ,!re=e x is1 t !y look ) e>ne/ conc]n on ! attempt n[ mak+ by ! ,s\?1 to d1 :at1 9 ! view ( multitudes ( our citiz5s1 w\ld am\nt to good cause = ! sep>ation ( ! free f ! slave /ates4 ,_! conc]n is n m+l$ ) any feel+s ( despair4 ,! al>m !y s\nd$ on ! annexation "q has p5etrat$ ! free /ates2 x w1 9 all probability1 be favorably respond$ to by e "o ( !m2 ?us giv+ enc\ragem5t to our fai?1 t ! admission ( ,texas w be successfully resi/$1--t ?is additional /a9 w n be impress$ on our national escut*eon1 nor ?is additional p]il br\ght ^u ! ,s\?4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,f4 ,?is1 ! pres5t condition ( ! c\ntry1 induc$ by a long tra9 ( usurpations on ! "p ( ! ,s\?1 & by unwor?y concessions to x by ! ,nor?1 may ju/ly be reg>d$ z "o ( ! ev5ts ( ! la/ few ye>s affect+ 9 "s way1 ! measures ( ! abolitioni/s4 ,x has c]ta9ly done s4 ,& :il/ x is n to be d5i$1 t _m abolitioni/s feel pa9ful appreh5sions = ! result1 x has only r\s$ !m up to make m /r5u\s ef=ts = ! pres]vation ( ! c\ntry4 ,x may be repli$--if ! abolitioni/s are su* firm fri5ds ( ! ,union1 :y d !y p]si/ 9 :at mu/ end 9 its rupture & dissolution8 ,! abolitioni/s1 let x be repeat$ are fri5ds ( ! ,union t 0 int5d$ by ! ,con/itution2 b n ( a ,union f :i* is evisc]at$1 to be trodd5 "u foot1 ! "r to ,,speak1--to ,,pr9t--to ,,petition1--! rights ( ,,consci5ce2 n ( a ,union ^: ligam5ts are :ips1 :]e ! int]e/ ( ! oppressor is ! great int]e/1 ! "r to oppress ! p>am\nt "r4 ,x is aga9/ ! di/ortion ( ! glori\s ,union our fa!rs left u into "o b\nd ) despotic b&s t ! abolitioni/s are cont5d+4 ,9 ! political aspect ( ! "q1 !y h no?+ to ask1 except :at ! ,con/itution au?orizes--no *ange to desire1 b t ! ,con/itution may be re/or$ to its pri/9e republican purity4 ,b !y h well consid]$ ! dissolution ( ! ,union4 ,!re is no j gr\nd = appreh5d+ t su* a measure w ev] be resort$ to by ! ,s\?4 ,x is by no means int5d$ by ?is1 to affirm1 t ! ,s\?1 l a spoil$ *ild1 = ! fir/ "t d5i$ "s fav\rite object1 may n fall into sudd5 fr5zy & d h]self "s great h>m4 ,b kn[+ z ,i d1 ! intellig5ce & =eca/ ( ! lead+ m5 ( ! ,s\?--& believ+ t !y w1 if ev] su* a crisis %\ld come1 be judici\sly influ5c$ by ! exi/+ /ate ( ! case1 & by ! consequ5ces t w\ld inevitably fl[ f an act ( dissolution--!y w\ld n1 ,i am sure1 deem x desirable or politic4 ,!y w\ld be br\ght1 9 _! calm] mom5ts1 to co9cide ) "o :o has faceti\sly1 b n ! less truly rem>k$1 t x w\ld be z indiscreet 9 ! slave ,s\? to sep>ate f ! free ,nor?1 z = ! poor1 to sep>ate f ! p>i% t support$ !m4 ,9 support ( ?is op9ion1 ,i w\ld say3 ,fir/--,a dissolution ( ! ,union by ! ,s\? w\ld1 9 no mann]1 secure to h] ! object %e has 9 view4--,! lead]s at ! ,s\?1 bo? 9 ! *ur* & 9 ! /ate1 mu/1 by ?is "t1 be too well in=m$ z to ! nature ( ! anti-slav]y movem5t1 & ! "* ( ^? engag$ 9 x1 to ent]ta9 fe>s t1 viol5ce ( any k9d w be resort$ to1 directly or indirectly4,a ,! :ole compla9t ( ! ,s\? is nei!r m nor less ?an ?is--,,! ,,nor? ,,talks ,,ab\t ,,slav]y4 ,n[1 ( all ! means or appliances t c\ld be devis$1 to give great] life & publicity to ! discussion ( slav]y1 none c\ld be half s effectual z ! dissolution ( ! ,union because ( ! discussion4 ,x w\ld a/oni% ! civiliz$ _w--!y w\ld inquire into ! cause ( su* a rem>kable ev5t 9 its hi/ory2--! result w\ld be n only enl>g$ discussion ( ! :ole subject1 b x w\ld br+ su* a measure ( contempt on ! guilty mov]s ( ! de$1 t ev5 ) all ! advantages ( _! education1 _! poli%1 _! munific5ce1 _! high honor1 _! undaunt$ _s1 s eloqu5tly set =? by ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,hammond1 !y w\ld f9d x h>d to )/& its influ5ce4 ,x is difficult = m5 9 a good cause1 to ma9ta9 _! /eadfa/ness 9 opposition to an ext5sively corrupt public s5tim5t2 9 a bad "o1 aga9/ public s5tim5t purifi$ & enlight5$1 next to impossible1 if n q s4 ,footnote ,a3 ,x is n1 says ,mr4 ,calh\n1 t we expect ! abolitioni/s w resort to arms--w comm5ce a crusade to deliv] our slaves by =ce4--,let me tell our fri5ds ( ! ,s\?1 :o diff] f u1 t ! w> :i* ! abolitioni/s wage aga9/ u is ( a v diff]5t "*1 & f> m effective4 ,x is wag$1 n aga9/ our lives1 b our "*4 ,m correctly1 ,mr4 ,c4 might h said aga9/ a sy/em1 ) :i* ! slavehold]s h *os5 to involve _! *>act]s1 & :i* !y h det]m9$ to def5d1 at ! haz>d ( los+ !m4 ,ano!r result w\ld foll[ ! dissolution3--,n[1 ! abolitioni/s f9d x difficult1 by reason ( ! odium :i* ! pr9cipal slavehold]s & _! fri5ds h succe$$ 9 atta*+ to _! "n1 to introduce a k ( _! pr9ciples & measures into ! great mass ( s\!rn m9d4 ,!re are multitudes at ! ,s\? :o w\ld co-op]ate ) u1 if !y c\ld be in=m$ ( our aim4,a ,n[1 we _c rea* !m--!n1 x w\ld be o!rwise4 ,! unit$ p[] ( ! l>ge slavehold]s w\ld n be able long] to keep !m 9 ignorance4 ,if ! ,union 7 dissolv$1 !y w\ld "k ! cause1 & discuss x1 & condemn x4 ,footnote ,a3 ,!re is abundant evid5ce ( ?is4 ,our limits conf9e u to ! foll[+1 f ! fir/ ,no4 ( ! ,s\!rn ,lit]>y ,j\rnal1 7,*>le/on1 ,s4,c473--,!re are _m good m5 ev5 among u1 :o h begun to gr[ timid4 ,!y ?9k1 t :at ! virtu\s & high-m9d$ m5 ( ! ,nor? look ^u z a crime & a plague-spot1 _c be p]fectly innoc5t or q h>mless 9 a slavehold+ community4 ,?is1 also1 f ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,wat*man3-- ,x 7! abolition p>ty7 is ! gr[+ p>ty at ! ,nor?4 ,we are incl9$ to believe t !re is ev5 m ( x at ! ,s\? ?an prud5ce w p]mit to be op5ly av[$4 ,x is well kn[n1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 t !re is a ,,l>ge1 ,,respectable & ,,intellig5t ,,p>ty 9 ,k5tucky1 :o w ex]t e n]ve & sp>e no ef=ts to dislodge ! subsi/+ rights to our ,slave population1 or alt] 9 "s mann]1 & to "s ext5t1 at lea/1 ! t5ure by :i* t species ( prop]ty is held4--,spee* ( ! ,hon4 ,james ,t4 ,morehead 9 ! ,k5tucky ,legislature1 la/ w9t]4 ,a second reason :y ! ,s\? w n dissolve ! ,union is1 t %e w\ld be expos$ to ! visitation ( real inc5di>ies1 excit+ h] slaves to revolt4 ,n[1 x w\ld cov] any "o ) infamy1 :o w\ld /ir !m up to v9dicate _! rights by ! massacre ( _! ma/]s4 ,dissolve ! ,union1 & ! c&idates = ,,glory w\ld f9d 9 ! pla9s ( ,c>ol9a & ,l\isiana z invit+ a !atre = _! ent]prise1 z _! prototypes1 ! ,h\/ons1 ! ,van ,r5nssela]s1 & ! ,su!rl&s did1 9 ! prairies ( ,texas or ! =e/s ( ,canada4 ,a ?ird reason :y ! ,s\? w n dissolve is1 t ! slaves w\ld leave _! ma/]s & take refuge 9 ! free /ates4 ,! ,s\? w\ld n be able to e/abli% a cordon along h] wide fronti] suffici5tly /rong to prev5t x4 ,!n1 ! slaves c\ld n be reclaim$1 z !y n[ are1 "u ! ,con/itution4 ,"s may say1 ! free /ates w\ld n p]mit !m to come 9 & dwell among !m4--,believe x n4 ,! fact ( sep>ation on ! gr\nd suppos$1 w\ld abolitionize ! :ole ,nor?4 ,beside ?is1 9 an economical po9t ( view1 ! dem& = labor 9 ! ,we/]n ,/ates w\ld make _! pres5ce welcome4 ,at all ev5ts1 a passage ?r\gh ! ,nor!rn ,/ates to ,canada w\ld n be d5i$ !m4 ,a f\r? reason :y ! ,s\? w n dissolve is1 t a l>ge numb] ( h] mo/ /eady & effective population w\ld emigrate to ! free /ates4 ,9 ! slave-sell+ /ates especially1 !re has always be5 a class :o h cons5t$ to rema9 !re ) _! families1 only 9 ! hope t slav]y w\ld1 9 "s way or o!r1 be t]m9at$4 ,i d n say !y are abolitioni/s1 = _m ( !m are slavehold]s4 ,x may be1 too1 t su* w\ld expect comp5sation = _! slaves1 %\ld !y be emancipat$1 & also t !y %\ld be s5t out ( ! c\ntry4 ,! p>ticul> mode ( emancipation1 h[ev] crude x may be1 t has occupi$ _! m9ds1 has no?+ to d ) ! po9t be=e u4 ,!y look = emancipation--9 ?is hope !y h rema9$1 & n[ rema91 :]e !y are4 ,take away ?is hope1 by mak+ slav]y ! di/9ctive bond ( union ( a new gov]nm5t1 & y drive !m to ! ,nor?4 ,^! p]sons are n among ! ri*1 ! voluptu\s1 ! effem9ate2 nor are !y ! despis$1 ! indig5t1 ! ?riftless--!y are m5 ( mod]ate prop]ty1 ( intellig5ce1 ( consci5ce--9 e way ! bone & s9ew ( ! ,s\?4 ,a fif? reason :y ! ,s\? w n dissolve1 is h] weakness4 ,x is a rem>kable fact1 t 9 mod]n times1 & 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w1 all slavehold+ c\ntries h be5 unit$ ) c\ntries t are free4 ,?us1 ! ,we/ ,indian & ,mexican & ,s\? ,am]ican slavehold+ colonies 7 unit$ to ,engl&1 ,france1 ,spa91 ,portugal1 & o!r /ates ( ,europe4 ,if ,engl& 7be=e h] ,emancipation ,act7 & ! o!rs _h at any "t )drawn ! protection ( _! p[] f _! colonies1 slav]y w\ld h be5 ext+ui%$ almo/ simultane\sly ) ! k ( ! fact4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies !re c\ld h be5 no d\bt ( ?is1 f ! disp>ity 9 numb]s betwe5 ! :ites & ! slaves1 f ! multipli$ attempts made f "t to "t by ! latt] to v9dicate _! rights by insurrection1 & f ! fact1 t all _! insurrections _h to be suppress$ by ! =ce ( ! "m c\ntry4 ,z soon z ,mexico & ! ,s\? ,am]ican colonies dissolv$ _! connexion ) ,spa91 slav]y 0 aboli%$ 9 e "o ( !m4 ,?is may1 ,i "k1 be attribut$ to ! necessity impos$ on ^! /ates1 by ! w>s 9 :i* !y engag$ to e/abli% _! indep5d5ce4 ,h[ev] ?is may be--! fact /ill rema9s4 ,! free /ates ( ?is ,union are to ! slave1 s f> z ! ma9t5ance ( slav]y is conc]n$1 sub/antially1 9 ! relation ( ! ,european /ates to _! slavehold+ colonies4 ,slav]y1 9 all probability1 c\ld n be ma9ta9$ by ! ,s\? disjo9$ f ! ,nor?1 a s+le ye>4 ,s f> f !re exi/+ any reason = mak+ ! ,s\? an exception1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 to o!r slave c\ntries1 !re are circum/ances 9 h] condition t seem to make h] dep5d5ce m complete4 ,two ( !m are1 ! sup]ior intellig5ce ( h] slaves on ! subject ( human rights1 & ! geographical connexion ( ! slave region 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 9 ,mexico & ,s\? ,am]ica ! great body ( ! slaves 7 f> bel[ ! slaves ( ?is c\ntry 9 _! intellectual & moral condition--&1 9 ! =m]1 _! p[] to act 9 conc]t 0 weak5$ by ! insul> fragm5ts into :i* !y 7 divid$4 ,aga91 ! depopulation ( ! ,s\? ( l>ge numb]s ( its :ite inhabitants1 f ! cause m5tion$ "u ! f\r? head1 w\ld1 x is appreh5d$1 br+ ! two classes to some?+ l a num]ical equality4 ,n[1 consid] ! pres5t /ate ( ! moral s5tim5t ( ! ,*ri/ianiz$ & comm]cial _w 9 relation to slav]y2 add to x ! impulse t ?is s5tim5t1 ackn[l$g$ by ! ,s\? already to be :olly oppos$ to h]1 w\ld naturally acquire by an act ( sep>ation on h] "p1 ) a s+le view to ! p]petuation ( slav]y2 br+ ?is s5tim5t 9 all its accumulation & int5sity to act ^u a nation :]e "o half are enslav]s1 ! o!r ! enslav$--& :at mu/ be ! effect8 ,f ! nature ( m9d2 f ! laws ( moral influ5ce1 7:i* are z sure 9 _! op]ation1 if n s well und]/ood1 z ! laws ( physical influ5ce17 ! p>ty ^: consci5ce ) inju/ice is oppress$1 mu/ become dispirit$1 weak5$ 9 c\rage1 & 9 ! end unn]v$ & contemptible4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! sympa?y t w\ld be felt = ! oppress$--! com=t !y w\ld receive--! enc\ragem5t t w\ld be giv5 !m to ass]t _! rights1 w\ld make x an impossibility1 to keep !m 9 slavi% peace & submission4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s w\ld be greatly aggravat$ by ! peculi>ly morbid s5sitiv5ess ( ! ,s\? to e ?+ t is suppos$ to t\* h] "*4 ,h] highe/ di/9ction w\ld !n become h] mo/ tr\blesome "o4 ,h[1 = in/ance1 c\ld h] *ivalr\s sons be> to be taunt$1 :]ev] !y w5t1 on bus9ess or = pleasure1 out ( _! own limits1 ) ! cry ! knights ( ! la%6 ,g home & pay y\r labor]s6 ,cease f ! sc\rg+ ( husb&s & wives 9 ea* o!rs pres5ce--f att5d+ ! %ambles1 to sell or buy z slaves ^? :om ,god has made ( ! same blood ) y\rselves--y\r bre?r5--y\r si/]s6 ,cease1 high m9d$ sons ( ! ',,anci5t ,,dom9ion1' f e/imat+ y\r rev5ue by ! numb] ( *ildr5 y re>1 to sell 9 ! fle% m>ket6 ,g home & pay y\r labor]s6 ,g home & pay y\r labor]s6 ,?is w\ld be a trial to :i* s\!rn *ivalry c\ld n pati5tly submit4 ,_! high honor1 _! undaunt$ _s w\ld impel !m to ! field--only to prove t ! la/ resort requires some?+ m sub/antial ?an m]e honor & _s to ma9ta9 x4 ,suppose !re %\ld be a disagreem5t--z 9 all likelihood !re soon w\ld1 lead+ to w> betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?8 ,! ,nor? w\ld sc>cely h occasion to m>* a squadron to ! field4 ,%e w\ld h an army t c\ld be rais$ up by ! million1 at ! fireside ( h] enemy4 ,x has be5 said1 t dur+ ! late w> ) ,engl&1 x 0 propos$ to h] cab9et1 by "s ent]pris+ (fic]s1 to l& five ?\s& m5 on ! coa/ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & proclaim lib]ty to ! slates4 ,! success ( ! s*eme 0 well ?\ght (4 ,b !n ! example6 ,engl& h]self held ne>ly a million ( slaves at no great] di/ance f ! sc5e ( action ?an ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,n[1 a re/ra9t ( ?is k9d on su* a s*eme does n exi/4 ,x seems pla9 beyond ! p[] ( argum5t to make x pla9]1 t a slavehold+ nation--"o "u ! circum/ances 9 :i* ! ,s\? sep>at$ f ! ,nor? w\ld be plac$--mu/ be at ! m]cy ( e free p hav+ nei!r p[] to v9dicate a "r nor av5ge a wrong4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,gov]nor ,hayne1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 spoke 9 high t]ms1 a few ye>s ago1 ( ! ability t ! ,s\? w\ld possess1 9 a milit>y po9t ( view1 because h] great weal? w\ld enable h]1 at all times1 to comm& ! s]vices ( m]c5>y troops4 ,)\t /opp+ to dispute ) him1 z to h] comp>ative weal?1 ,i w\ld rem>k1 t he seem$ entirely to h ov]look$ ?is tru?--t :5ev] a gov]nm5t is "u ! necessity ( call+ 9 =eign troops1 to keep 9 subjection "o half ( ! p1 ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5t has already pass$ into ! h&s ( ! ,protectors4 ,!y c & w1 ( c\rse1 act ) :i*ev] p>ty w be/ subs]ve _! purpose4 ,a six? reason :y ! ,s\? w n dissolve ! ,union1 is f\nd 9 ! difficulty ( br++ ab\t an actual sep>ation4 ,prep>atory to su* a movem5t1 x w\ld seem indisp5sable1 t ,union among ! sec$+ /ates !mselves %\ld be secur$4 ,a ,g5]al ,conv5tion w\ld be necess>y to adju/ its t]ms4 ,?is w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be prec$$ by p>ticul> conv5tions 9 ! sev]al /ates4 ,to ?is proc$ure ! same objection applies1 t has be5 made1 = ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s1 to hold+ an anti-abolition conv5tion 9 ! ,s\?3--,x w\ld give to ! "q su* notoriety1 t ! object ( hold+ ! conv5tion c\ld n be conceal$ f ! slaves4 ,! m sagaci\s 9 ! ,s\? h be5 oppos$ to a conv5tion2 nor h !y be5 influ5c$ solely by ! consid]ation j m5tion$--:i*1 9 my view1 is b ( little mom5t--b by ! appreh5sion1 t ! div]sity ( s5tim5t :i* exi/s among ! slave /ates1 !mselves1 9 relation to ! sy/em1 w\ld be disclos$ to ! c\ntry2 & t ! slavehold+ int]e/ w\ld be f\nd defici5t 9 t h>mony :i*1 f its p]fectness h]et(ore1 has made ! slavehold]s s successful 9 _! action on ! ,nor?4 ,! slavehold+ region may be divid$ into ! f>m+ & ! plant+--or ! slave-sell+ & ! slave-buy+ di/ricts4 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky1 ,miss\ri & ,ea/ ,t5nessee con/itute ! fir/4 ,we/ ,t5nessee is some:at equivocal4 ,all ! /ates s\? ( ,t5nessee belong to ! slave-buy+ di/rict4 ,! fir/1 ) b few exceptions1 h f ! e>lie/ times1 felt slav]y a reproa* to _! good "n--an encumbrance on _! advancem5t--at "s p]iod1 to be ca/ (f4 ,?is s5tim5t1 _h x be5 at all enc\rag$ by ! action ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 9 accordance ) ! views ( ! conv5tion t =m$ ! ,con/itution1 w\ld1 9 all probability1 by ?is "t1 h br\ght slav]y 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia to an end4 ,not)/&+ ! easy admission ( slave /ates into ! ,union1 & ! yield+ ( ! free /ates :5ev] !y 7 br\ght 9 collision ) ! ,s\?1 h _h a /rong t5d5cy to p]suade ! f>m+ slave /ates to cont9ue _! sy/em1 yet ! s5tim5t 9 favor ( emancipation 9 "s =m1 /ill exi/s among !m4 ,pro(1 enc\rag+ pro( ( ?is1 is f\nd 9 ! pres5t attitude ( ,k5tucky4 ,h] legislature has j pass$ a law1 propos+ to ! p1 to hold a conv5tion to alt] ! con/itution4 ,9 ! discussion ( ! bill1 slav]y z connect$ ) "s =m ( emancipation1 seems to h con/itut$ ! mo/ important elem5t4 ,! public j\rnals too1 t are oppos$ to t\*+ ! subject at all1 decl>e t ! ma9 object = recomm5d+ a conv5tion 01 to act on slav]y 9 "s way4 ,n[1 x w\ld be 9 va9 = ! plant+ ,s\? to expect1 t ,k5tucky or any o!r ( ! f>m+ slave /ates w\ld unite ) h]1 9 mak+ slav]y ! p]petual bond ( a new political organization4 ,if !y feel ! inconv5i5ces ( slav]y 9 _! pres5t condition1 !y c\ld n be expect$ to ent] on ano!r1 :]e ^! inconv5i5ces w\ld be inconceivably multipli$ & aggravat$1 &1 by ! v t]ms ( _! new contract1 p]petuat$4 ,?is lett] is already s protract$1 t ,i _c /op "h to develop m at l>ge ?is "p ( ! subject4 ,to "o acqua9t$ ) ! /ate ( public s5tim5t1 9 :at ,i h call$1 ! f>m+ di/rict1 x ne$s no fur!r developm5t4 ,!re is n "o ( ^! /ates embrac$ 9 x1 t w\ld n1 :5 br\ght to ! te/1 pref] ! privileges ( ! ,union to ! privilege ( p]petual slavehold+4 ,& if !re %\ld turn out to be a s+le des]tion 9 ?is matt]1 ! :ole project ( secession mu/ come to n\ght4 ,b lay+ aside all ! ob/acles to union among ! sec$+ /ates1 h[ is x possible to take ! fir/ /ep to actual sep>ation6 ,! sep>ation1 at ! wor/1 c only be political4 ,!re w be no *asm--no r5t made 9 ! e>? betwe5 ! two sections4 ,! natural & ideal b\nd>ies w rema9 unalt]$4 ,mason & ,dixon's l9e w n become a wall ( adamant t c nei!r be und]m9$ nor surm\nt$4 ,! ,ohio riv] w n be conv]t$ into flame1 or into ano!r ,/yx1 d5y+ a passage to e liv+ ?+4 ,besides ?is /ability ( natural ?+s1 ! multi=m int]e/s ( ! two sections w\ld1 9 ! ma91 cont9ue z !y are4 ,! complicate ties ( comm]ce c\ld n be sudd5ly unloos$4 ,! bread/uffs1 ! beef1 ! pork1 ! turkies1 ! *ick5s1 ! wooll5 & cotton fabrics1 ! hats1 ! %oes1 ! socks1 ! horn fl9ts & b>k nutmegs1,a ! ma*9]y1 ! sug>-kettles1 ! cotton-g9s1 ! axes1 ! hoes1 ! draw+-*a9s ( ! ,nor?1 w\ld be z mu* ne$$ by ! ,s\?1 ! day aft] ! sep>ation z ! day be=e4 ,! newspap]s ( ! ,nor?--its ,magaz9es1 its ,qu>t]lies1 its ,mon?lies1 w\ld be m s\ght aft] by ! read]s ( ! ,s\? ?an !y n[ are2 & ! ,s\!rn j\rnals w\ld become d\bly int]e/+ to u4 ,!re w\ld be ! same lu/ = our nor!rn summ]s & y\r s\!rn w9t]s1 ) all _! heal?-giv+ influ5ces2 & la/1 ?\gh n lea/1 ! same desire ( m>ry+ & ( be+ giv5 9 m>riage t n[ exi/s betwe5 ! ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,really x is difficult to say :]e ?is long ?reat5$ sep>ation is to beg92 & if ! place ( beg9n+ c\ld be f\nd1 x w\ld seem l a poor ex*ange = ! ,s\?1 to give up all ^! pleasant & pr(itable relations & connections = ! privilege ( enslav+ an equal numb] ( _! fell[-creatures4 ,footnote ,a3 ,s5ator ,pre/on's ,railroad ,spee*1 deliv]$ at ,colombia1 ,s4,c41 9 #ahcf4 ,?us mu* = ! m5ace1 t ! ,,union ,,w ,,be ,,dissolv$ unless ! discussion ( ! slav]y "q be /opp$4 ,b y may reply1 ,d y ?9k ! ,s\? is n 9 e>ne/ 9 h] ?reat ( dissolv+ ! ,union8 ,i rejo91 by no means2--yet %e pursues a p]fectly reasonable c\rse 7leav+ out ( view ! ju/ice or morality ( x7--j su* a c\rse z ,i %\ld expect %e w\ld pursue1 embold5$ z %e mu/ be by h] multipli$ triumphs ov] ! ,nor? by ! use ( ! same weapon4 ,we'll dissolve ! ,union6 0 ! cry1 unless ,miss\ri be admitt$66 ,! ,nor? 7 fright5$1 & ,miss\ri 0 admitt$ ) ,,slav]y engrav$ on h] =ehead4 ,we'll dissolve ! ,union6 unless ! ,indians be driv5 out ( ! ,s\?66 ,! ,nor? =got h] treaties1 p>t$ ) humanity1 & x is done--! def5celess ,indians are =c$ to cons5t to be driv5 out1 or !y are left1 undef5d$1 to ! m]cies ( s\!rn l&-jobb]s & gold-hunt]s4 ,we'll dissolve ! ,union6 ,if ! ,t>iff e/abli%$ at h] own sugge/ion be n repeal$ or modifi$ s t our slave-labor may compete ) y\r free-labor4 ,! ,t>iff is accord+ly modifi$ to suit ! ,s\?4 ,we'll dissolve ! ,union6 unless ! fre$om ( spee* & ! press be put d[n 9 ! ,nor?66--,) ! promptness ( commission-m]*ants1 ! alt]native is adopt$4 ,public assemblies met = delib]ation are assail$ & brok5 up at ! ,nor?2 h] citiz5s are /on$ & beat5 & dragg$ ?r\gh ! /reets ( h] cities2 h] presses are attack$ by mobs1 in/igat$ & l$ on by m5 ( influ5ce & "*2 :il/ ^? conc]n$ 9 conduct+ !m are compell$ to fly f _! homes1 pursu$ z if !y 7 noxi\s wild bea/s2 or1 if !y rema9 to def5d1 !y are sacrific$ to appease ! s\!rn div9ity4 ,we'll dissolve ! ,union if slav]y be aboli%$ 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia6 ,! ,nor?1 fright5$ f h] propriety1 decl>es t slav]y ought n to be aboli%$ !re ,,n[4--,we'll dissolve ! ,union6 if y read petitions f y\r con/itu5ts = its abolition1 or = /opp+ ! slave-trade at ! ,capital1 or betwe5 ! /ates4 ,,fifty ,,nor!rn ,,repres5tatives respond to ! cry1 d[n1 !n1 ) ! ,,"r ,,( ,,petition66 ,all ^! assaults h succe$$ because ! ,nor? has be5 fright5$ by ! w>-cry1 ,,we',,ll ,,dissolve ,,! ,,union6 ,aft] a*iev+ s mu* by a process s simple1 :y %\ld n ! ,s\? p]si/ 9 x :5 /riv+ = fur!r conque/s8 ,no o!r c\rse ought to be expect$ f h]1 till ?is has fail$4 ,& x is n at all improbable1 t %e w p]si/1 till %e almo/ p]suades h]self t %e is s]i\s 9 h] m5ace to dissolve ! ,union4 ,%e may 9 h] eag]ness1 ev5 approa* s ne> ! v]ge ( dissolution1 t ! e>? may give way "u h] feet & %e be da%$ 9 ru9s 9 ! gulf bel[4 ,no?+ w m surely arre/ h] fury1 ?an ! firm array ( ! ,nor?1 sett+ up anew ! almo/ =gott5 pr9ciples ( our fa!rs1 & say+ to ! d>k _s ( slav]y1--?us f> %alt ?\ g1 & no f>!r4 ,?is is ! be/--! only--means ( sav+ ! ,s\? f ! fruits ( h] own folly--folly t has be5 s long1 & s /rangely enc\rag$ by ! ,nor?1 t x has gr[n into intol]able arrogance--d[n "r presumption4 ,!re are _m o!r ev5ts ( ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s :i* h1 d\btless1 _h _! influ5ce on ! c\rse ( ! abolitioni/s--& :i* might prop]ly be dwelt ^u at consid]able l5g?1 7 x n t ?is communication is already greatly protract$ beyond its int5d$ limits4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 9 m5tion+ ! rema9+ topics1 d little m ?an enum]ate !m4 ,! ,legislature ( ,v]mont has tak5 a decid$ /& 9 favor ( anti-slav]y pr9ciples & action4 ,9 ! ,autumn ( #ahcf1 ! foll[+ resolutions 7 pass$ by an almo/ unanim\s vote 9 bo? h\ses3-- ,resolv$1 ,by ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,/ate ( ,v]mont1 ,t nei!r ,congress nor ! ,/ate ,gov]nm5ts h any con/itutional "r to abridge ! free expressions ( op9ions1 or ! transmission ( !m ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! public mails4 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress d possess ! p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,resolv$1 ,t ,8 ,excell5cy1 ! ,gov]nor1 be reque/$ to transmit a copy ( ! =ego+ resolutions to ! ,executive ( ea* ( ! ,/ates1 & to ea* ( our ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress4 ,at ! session held 9 ,novemb] la/1 ! foll[+ jo9t resolutions1 prec$$ by a decisive memorial aga9/ ! admission ( ,texas1 7 pass$ by bo? bran*es--) ! exception ( ! fif? :i* 0 pass$ only by ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives3-- #a4 ,resolv$1 ,by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ,t our ,s5ators 9 ,congress be in/ruct$1 & our ,repres5tatives reque/$1 to use _! influ5ce 9 t body to prev5t ! annexation ( ,texas to ! ,union4 #b4 ,resolv$1 ,t1 repres5t+1 z we d1 ! p ( ,v]mont1 we d h]eby1 9 _! "n1 ,,solemnly ,,prote/ aga9/ su* annexation 9 any =m4 #c4 ,resolv$1 ,t1 z ! ,repres5tatives ( ! p ( ,v]mont1 we d solemnly prote/ aga9/ ! admission1 into ?is ,union1 ( any /ate ^: con/itution tol]ates dome/ic slav]y4 #d4 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress h full p[]1 by ! ,con/itution1 to aboli% slav]y & ! slave-trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & 9 ! t]ritories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #e4 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress has ! con/itutional p[] to prohibit ! slave-trade betwe5 ! sev]al /ates ( ?is ,union1 & to make su* laws z %all effectually prohibit su* trade4 #f4 ,resolv$1 ,t our ,s5ators 9 ,congress be in/ruct$1 & our ,repres5tatives reque/$1 to pres5t ! =ego+ ,report & ,resolutions to _! respective ,h\ses 9 ,congress1 & use _! influ5ce to c>ry ! same spe$ily into effect4 #g4 ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,gov]nor ( ?is ,/ate be reque/$ to transmit a copy ( ! =ego+ ,report & ,resolutions to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to ea* ( our ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress4 ,! influ5ce ( anti-slav]y pr9ciples 9 ,massa*usetts has become decisive1 if we are to judge f ! *ange ( s5tim5t 9 ! legislative body4 ,! gov]nor ( t commonweal? saw fit to introduce into 8 inaugural spee*1 deliv]$ 9 ,janu>y1 #ahcf1 a sev]e c5sure ( ! abolitioni/s1 & to intimate t !y 7 guilty ( an (f5ce puni%able at common law4 ,?is "p ( ! spee* 0 ref]r$ to a jo9t committee ( five1 ( :i* a memb] ( ! s5ate 0 *airman4 ,to ! same committee 7 also ref]r$ communications :i* _h be5 receiv$ by ! gov]nor f sev]al ( ! legislatures ( ! slavehold+ /ates1 reque/+ ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts to enact laws1 mak+ x ,,p5al = citiz5s ( t /ate to =m societies = ! abolition ( slav]y1 or to speak or publi% s5tim5ts su* z _h be5 utt]$ 9 anti-slav]y meet+s & publi%$ 9 anti-slav]y tracts & pap]s4 ,! manag]s ( ! ,massa*usetts ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 9 a note address$ to ! *airman ( ! committee1 reque/$ p]mission1 z a p>ty ^: rights 7 drawn 9 "q1 to appe> be=e x4 ,?is 0 grant$4 ,! g5tlem5 select$ by !m to appe> on _! behalf 7 ( unimpea*able "*1 & di/+ui%$ = pr(essional m]it & g5]al lit]>y & sci5tific intellig5ce4 ,su* 0 !n ! unpopul>ity ( abolitionism1 t not)/&+ ! p]sonal influ5ce ( ^! g5tlem51 !y 7 ill--n to say rudely--treat$1 especially by ! *airman ( ! committee2 s mu* s1 t respect = !mselves1 & ! cause !y 7 deput$ to def5d1 p]suad$ !m to desi/ be=e !y _h complet$ _! rem>ks4 ,a ,report1 includ+ ,resolutions unfavorable to ! abolitioni/s 0 made1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a copy3-- ,! ,jo9t ,special ,committee1 to :om 0 ref]r$ s mu* ( ! gov]nor's message z relat$ to ! abolition ( slav]y1 toge!r ) c]ta9 docum5ts ^u ! same subject1 communicat$ to ! ,executive by ! sev]al ,legislatures ( ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 & ,alabama1 transmitt$ by 8 ,excell5cy to ! ,legislature1 & h]eunto annex$1 h consid]$ ! same1 & ask leave1 respectfully1 to submit ! foll[+3-- ,resolv$1 ,t ?is ,legislature di/9ctly disav[ any "r :atev] 9 itself1 or 9 ! citiz5s ( ?is commonweal?1 to int]f]e 9 ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y 9 ! s\!rn /ates3 x hav+ exi/$ !re9 be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,con/itution2 x hav+ be5 recognis$ by t in/rum5t2 & x be+ /rictly )9 _! own keep+4 ,resolv$1 ,t ?is ,legislature1 reg>d+ ! agitation ( ! "q ( dome/ic slav]y z hav+ already int]rupt$ ! fri5dly relations :i* ought to exi/ betwe5 ! sev]al /ates ( ?is ,union1 & z t5d+ p]man5tly to injure1 if n altoge!r to subv]t1 ! pr9ciples ( ! ,union itself2 & believ+ t ! good effect$ by ^? :o excite its discussion 9 ! non-slavehold+ /ates is1 "u ! circum/ances ( ! case1 altoge!r vision>y1 :ile ! imm$iate & future evil is great & c]ta92 does h]eby express its entire disapprobation ( ! doctr9e ^u ?is subject av[$1 & ! g5]al measures pursu$ by su* z agitate ! "q2 & does e>ne/ly recomm5d to !m c>efully to ab/a9 f all su* discussion1 & all su* measures1 z may t5d to di/urb & irritate ! public m9d4 ,! report 0 laid on ! table1 :5ce x 0 n tak5 up dur+ ! session--its fri5ds be+ afraid ( a lean majority on its passage2 = ! al>m _h already be5 tak5 by _m ( ! memb]s :o o!rwise w\ld h favor$ x4 ,f ?is "t till ! election 9 ! succe$+ autumn1 ! subject 0 mu* agitat$ 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,! abolitioni/s aga9 petition$ ! ,legislature at its session begun 9 ,janu>y1 #ahcg2 especially1 t x %\ld remon/rate aga9/ ! resolution ( ,mr4 ,hawes1 adopt$ by ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 by :i* all memorials1 c1 9 relation to slav]y 7 laid1 & to be laid1 on ! table1 )\t fur!r action on !m4 ,! abolitioni/s 7 aga9 he>d1 9 behalf ( _! petitions1 be=e ! prop] committee4,a ,! result 01 ! passage ( ! foll[+ resolutions ) only #af diss5t+ voices to #cgh1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & 9 ! ,s5ate ) n m ?an "o or two diss5ti5ts on any "o ( !m3-- ,footnote ,a3 ,! g5tleman :o _h be5 *airman ( ! committee ! prec$+ ye>1 0 suppos$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! *ange 9 public op9ion 9 relation to abolitioni/s1 to h injur$ 8 political /&+ too mu*1 ev5 to be nom9at$ z a c&idate = re-election4 ,:]eas1 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & ?irty-sev51 did adopt a resolution1 :]eby x 0 ord]$ t all petitions1 memorials1 resolutions1 propositions1 or pap]s1 relat+ 9 any way1 or to any ext5t :atev]1 to ! subject ( slav]y1 or ! abolition ( slav]y1 )\t be+ ei!r pr9t$ or ref]r$1 %\ld be laid ^u ! table1 & t no fur!r action :atev] %\ld be _h !reon2 & :]eas su* a disposition ( petitions1 !n or !reaft] to be receiv$1 is a virtual d5ial ( ! "r itself2 & :]eas1 by ! resolution a=esaid1 :i* is adopt$ z a /&+ rule 9 ! pres5t ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ! petitions ( a l>ge numb] ( ! p ( ?is commonweal?1 pray+ = ! removal ( a great social1 moral1 & political evil1 h be5 slight$ & contemn$3 !re=e1-- ,resolv$1 ,t ! resolution above nam$ is an assumption ( p[] & au?ority at v>iance ) ! _s & int5t ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & injuri\s to ! cause ( fre$om & free in/itutions2 t x does viol5ce to ! inh]5t1 absolute1 & inali5able rights ( man2 & t x t5ds1 ess5tially1 to impair ^? fundam5tal pr9ciples ( natural ju/ice & natural law :i* are antec$5t to any writt5 con/itutions ( gov]nm5t1 indep5d5t ( !m all1 & ess5tial to ! security ( fre$om 9 a /ate4 ,resolv$1 ,t our ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 9 ma9ta9+ & advocat+ ! "r ( petition1 h entitl$ !mselves to ! cordial approbation ( ! p ( ?is commonweal?4 ,resolv$1 ,t ,congress1 hav+ exclusive legislation 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 possess ! "r to aboli% slav]y 9 said di/rict1 & t its ex]cise %\ld only be re/ra9$ by a reg>d to ! public good4 ,t y may y\rself1 judge :at influ5ce ! abolition "q ex]cis$ 9 ! elections 9 ,massa*usetts la/ autumn1 ,i s5d y ?ree numb]s ( ! ,lib]ator conta9+ copies ( lett]s address$ to _m ( ! c&idates1 & _! respective answ]s4 ,! ,legislature h pass$1 unanim\sly1 at its pres5t session1 resolutions 7prec$$ by a report ( great ability7 prote/+ e>ne/ly & solemnly aga9/ ! annexation ( ,texas to ?is ,union2 & decl>+ t1 no act done1 or compact made1 = su* purpose1 by ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w be b9d+ on ! /ates or ! p4 ,two ye>s ago1 ,gov]nor ,m>cy1 ( ?is /ate1 %[$ himself will+1 at ! dictation ( ! ,s\?1 to aid 9 pass+ laws = re/ra9+ & puni%+ ! abolitioni/s1 :5ev] ! extremity ( ! case might call = x4 ,two weeks ago1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,"y ,m5's ,anti-,slav]y ,society ( ,albany1 ! ,assembly-*amb]1 by a vote ( ! ,h\se 7only two diss5ti5t7 0 grant$ to ,alvan ,/ew>t1 ,esq41 a di/+ui%$ lawy]1 to lecture on ! subject ( abolition4 ,k5tucky is assum+ an attitude ( great int]e/ to ! fri5ds ( ,lib]ty & ! ,con/itution4 ,! bless+s ( !m t are ready to p]i% ?r\gh\t ! l&1 ! applause ( ! good ?r\gh\t ! _w w be h]s1 if %e %\ld %[ moral en]gy en\gh to break e yoke t %e has hi!rto impos$ on ! poor1 & by :i* h] own prosp]ity & true p[] h be5 h9d]$4 ,9 view ( ! late action 9 ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress--adv]se z !y may seem1 to ^? :o ?9k m highly ( ! bran*es ( ! ,legislature ?an ( ! ,,s\rce ( _! p[]--! abolitioni/s see no?+ t is cause = disc\ragem5t4 ,!y f9d ! ,,p s\nd2 !y "k t !y /ill *]i%1 z _! fa!rs did1 ! "r ( petition--! fre$om ( ! press--! fre$om ( spee*--! rights ( consci5ce2 t !y love ! lib]ty ( ! ,nor? m ?an !y love ! slav]y ( ! ,s\?4 ,:at c>e !y = ,resolutions 9 ! ,h\se1 or ,resolutions 9 ! ,s5ate1 :5 ! ,h\se & ! ,s5ate are b _! m9i/]s1 _! s]vants1 & !y "k t !y c dis*>ge !m at _! pleasure8 ,x may be1 t ,congress has yet to le>n1 t ! p h b slight reg>d = _! re/ra9+ resolutions4 ,!y ought to h kn[n ?is f ! hi/ory ( su* resolutions = ! la/ two ye>s4 ,,?irty-,,sev5 ,,?\s& petition]s = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia _h _! petitions laid on ! table by ! resolution ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 9 ,may1 #ahcf4 ,at ! succe$+ session1 !y _h increas$ to ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,t5 ,,?\s&4--,! resolution ( ,jan4 #ah1 #ahcg1 laid all _! petitions 9 ! same way on ! table4 ,at ! call$1 & at ! pres5t session1 ^! #aaj1jjj _h multipli$ to ,,five ,,hundr$ ,,?\s&,a4 ,soon1 ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives w be s5t f ! free /ates :o w ne$ no petitions--!y w "k ! pray] ( _! con/itu5ts be=e !y leave _! homes4 ,footnote ,a3 ,see ,app5dix1 ,g4 ,9 conclud+ ?is1 my answ] to y\r #ac? int]rogatory1 ,i w say t ,i "k ( no ev5t1 t has transpir$1 ei!r 9 or out ( ,congress1 = ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s1 t has _h any o!r influ5ce on ! ef=ts ( abolitioni/s ?an to increase & /imulate !m4 ,inde$1 e ?+ t has tak5 place )9 t p]iod1 ought to excite to _! utmo/ ef=ts all :o are n despair+ da/>ds4 ,! ,demon ( oppression 9 ?is l& is t5fold m fi]ce & rampant & rel5tless ?an he 0 suppos$ to be be=e r\s$ f ! quiet ( 8 lair4 ,to e ?+ t is preci\s ! abolitioni/s h se5 him lay claim4 ,! religion ( ! ,bible mu/ be adult]at$--! claims ( ,humanity mu/ be smo!r$--! dem&s ( ju/ice mu/ be nullifi$--a "p ( our ,race mu/ be %ut out f ! common sympa?y ( a common nature4 ,nor is ?is all3 !y see _! own rights & ^? ( ! p2 ! "r to ,,speak--to ,,write--to ,,pr9t--to ,,publi%--to ,,assemble ,,toge!r--to ,,petition ,,_! ,,own ,,s]vants--all br\ght 9 p]il4 ,!y feel t ! f9al conflict betwe5 ,popul> lib]ty & ,ari/ocratic slav]y has come2 t "o or ! o!r mu/ fall2 & !y h made up _! m9ds1 ) ! bless+ ( ,god on _! ef=ts1 t _! adv]s>y %all die4 #ad4 ,h y any p]man5t fund1 & h[ mu*8 ,,answ]4--,we h none4 ,! contributions are anticipat$4 ,we are always 9 debt1 & always gett+ out ( debt4 ,i h n[1 ,sir1 complet$ my answ]s to ! que/ions propos$ 9 y\r lett] ( ! #af? ult4 ,x gives me pleasure to h _h su* an auspici\s opportunity ( do+ s4 ,i _c b hope = good to bo? ! p>ties conc]n$1 :]e c&or & civility h *>act]iz$ _! repres5tatives4 ,"p ( ! answ] to y\r #ac? "q may seem to w&] f ! /rict t]ms ( ! "q propos$4 ,let x be set d[n to a desire1 on my "p1 to give y all ! in=mation ,i c1 at all g]ma9 to ! inquiry4 ,! pr(f]1 made 9 my note to ,mr4 ,calh\n1 0 n ungu>d$2--nor 0 x s+ul>4 ,! in=mation ,i h furni%$ has be5 always accessible to our adv]s>ies--ev5 ?\gh ! application = x might n h be5 clo!d 9 ! polite & g5tlemanly t]ms :i* h s /rongly recomm5d$ y\rs to ! mo/ respectful consid]ation ( ,y\r v ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,james ,g4 ,,birney4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! ,explanatory ,rem>ks plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is ,correspond5ce1 reasons 7 giv51 t 7 deem$ suffici5t1 = n publi%+ m ( ! lett]s t pass$ betwe5 ,mr4 ,elmore & myself ?an ! two above4 ,s9ce !y 7 9 type1 ,i h receiv$ f ,mr4 ,elmore a communication1 9 reply to "o f me1 in=m+ him t ,i propos$ limit+ ! publication to ! two lett]s j m5tion$4 ,x is dat$ ,may #ai4 ,! foll[+ extract %[s t he ent]ta9s a diff]5t op9ion f m9e1 & ?9ks t ju/ice to him requires t ano!r ( 8 lett]s %\ld be includ$ 9 ! ,correspond5ce3-- ,! ord] y propose 9 ! publication is prop] en\gh2 ! omission ( bus9ess & immat]ial lett]s be+ p]fectly prop]1 z !y c int]e/ nobody4 ,i _h suppos$ my la/ lett] w\ld h =m$ an exception to ! rule1 :i* exclud$ immat]ial pap]s4 ,x expla9$1 m fully ?an my fir/1 my reasons = ?is correspond5ce1 def9$ ! limits to :i* ,i _h prescrib$ myself1 & 0 a prop] accompanim5t to a publication ( :at ,i _h n writt5 = publication4 ,all[ me1 ,sir1 to say1 t x w be b b>e ju/ice to me t x %\ld be pr9t$ ) ! o!r pap]s4 ,i only sugge/ ?is = y\r own consid]ation1 =--adh]+ to my =m] op9ions & decision--,i ask no?+ & compla9 ( no?+4 ,x is /ill ?\ght t ! publication ( ! lett] allud$ to is unnecess>y to ! purpose ( enlight5+ ! public1 z to ! /ate1 prospects1 c1 ( ! anti-slav]y cause4 ,x conta9s no d5ial ( ! facts1 nor impea*m5t ( ! /atem5ts1 nor answ] to ! argum5ts1 pres5t$ 9 my communication4 ,b z ,mr4 ,elmore is p]sonally int]e/$ 9 ?is matt]1 & z x is int5d$ to ma9ta9 ! consi/5t lib]ality :i* has *>act]iz$ ! ,executive ,committee 9 all _! int]c\rse ) _! oppon5ts1 ! sugge/ion made by ,mr4 ,elmore is *e]fully compli$ )4 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( ! lett] allud$ to4--,j4,g4,b4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,may #e1 #ahch4 ,to ,,james ,g4 ,,birney1 ,esq41 ,cor4 ,sec4 ,a4,a4,s4,s4 ,,sir1--,i h to ackn[l$ge ! receipt ( y\r lett] ( ! #a/ in/ant1 9 :i* y aga9 ref] to ! publication ( ! ,correspond5ce betwe5 u1 9 relation to ! measures & designs ( ! abolitioni/s4 ,i w\ld h c]ta9ly answ]$ y\rs ( ! #b;d ult41 on ! same subject1 m fully be=e ?is1 _h x n escap$ my recollection1 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ be5 m engag$ ?an usual 9 ! bus9ess be=e ! ,h\se4 ,i hope ! delay has be5 productive ( no inconv5i5ce4 ,if ,i correctly und]/& y\r lett]s above ref]r$ to1 ! control ( ^! pap]s1 & ! decision z to _! publication1 h pass$ into ! ',executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society2' &1 f _! t5or1 ,i inf] t _! det]m9ation is s f> made1 t no?+ ,i c\ld object w\ld prev5t x1 if ,i desir$ to d s4 ,i 0 c]ta9ly n appris$1 :5 ,i ent]$ into ?is ,correspond5ce1 t its disposition 0 to dep5d on any o!r w ?an y\rs & m9e1--b t matt]s no?+ n[1--y _h ! p[]1 & ,i am n dispos$ to "q ! "r or propriety ( its ex]cise4 ,i he>d ( y z a man ( intellig5ce1 s9c]ity1 & tru?1--:o1 al?\gh labor+ 9 a bad cause1 did x ) ability1 & f a mi/ak5 conviction ( its ju/ice4 ,z "o ( ! ,repres5tatives ( a slave-hold+ con/itu5cy1 & "o ( a committee rais$ by ! ,repres5tatives ( ! slave-hold+ ,/ates1 to asc]ta9 ! int5tions & progress ( y\r associations1 ,i avail$ myself ( ! opportunity (f]$ by y\r "* & situation1 to propose to y inquiries z to facts1 :i* w\ld make ^? developm5ts s important to be kn[n by our p4 ,my inquiries 7 fram$ to draw out full & au!ntic details ( ! organization1 numb]s1 res\rces1 & designs ( ! abolitioni/s1 ( ! means !y resort$ to = ! accompli%m5t ( _! ends1 & ! progress made1 & mak+1 9 _! dang]\s "w1 t all su* in=mation might be laid be=e ! f\r millions & a half ( :ite inhabitants 9 ! slave ,/ates1 ^: lives & prop]ty are m5ac$ & endang]$ by ?is ill-consid]$1 misnam$1 & disorganiz+ philan?ropy4 ,!y %\ld be in=m$ ( ! full l5g? & bread? & dep? ( ?is /orm :i* is ga!r+ ov] _! heads1 be=e x breaks 9 its desolat+ fury4 ,*ri/ians & civiliz$1 !y are n[ indu/ri\s1 prosp]\s1 & happy2 b %\ld y\r s*emes ( abolition prevail1 x w br+ ^u !m ov]:elm+ ru91 & mis]y unutt]able4 ,! two races _c exi/ toge!r ^u t]ms ( equality--! extirpation ( "o & ! ru9 ( ! o!r w\ld be inevitable4 ,?is humanity1 conceiv$ 9 wrong & born 9 civil /rife1 w\ld be baptiz$ 9 a p's blood4 ,x 01 t our p might "k1 9 "t to gu>d aga9/ ! mad onset1 ! full ext5t ( ?is gigantic conspiracy & crusade aga9/ _! in/itutions2 & ( necessity ^u _! lives ) :i* !y mu/ su/a9 !m2 & _! =tunes & prosp]ity1 :i* exi/ only :ile ^! in/itutions exi/1 t ,i 0 induc$ to ent] into a correspond5ce ) y1 :o by y\r (ficial /ation & intellig5ce 7 kn[n to be well in=m$ on ^! po9ts1 & f y\r well e/abli%$ "* = c&or & fairness1 w\ld make no /atem5ts ( facts :i* 7 n kn[n or believ$ by y to be true4 ,to a great ext5t1 my end has be5 accompli%$ by y\r replies to my inquiries4 ,h[ f>1 or :e!r at all1 y\r answ]s h run1 beyond ! facts inquir$ =1 into !ories1 argum5ts1 & diss]tations1 z errone\s z mis*iev\s1 is n a matt] ( pres5t consid]ation4 ,we diff]$ no wid] ?an ,i expect$1 b t diff]5ce has be5 exhibit$ c\rte\sly1 & has no?+ to d ) ! "q ( publication4 ,y\r object1 or r ! object ( y\r ,committee1 is to publi%2 & ,i1 hav+ no reason to desire x1 z y h put me 9 possession ( ! facts ,i wi%$1 & no reason n to desire x1 z !re is no?+ to conceal1 w leave y\rself & ! ,committee to take y\r own c\rse1 nei!r ass5t+ nor diss5t+1 9 :at y may f9ally decide to d4 ,v respectfully1 ,y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,f4,h4 ,elmore4 ,?is lett] ( ,mr4 ,elmore conta9s b little m ?an a reit]ation ( al>m+ cries on ! "p ( ! slavehold]2--cries t are z old z ! e>lie/ attempts ( philan?ropy to break ! fett]s ( ! enslav$1 & t h be5 repeat$ up to ! pres5t day1 ) a boldness t seems to increase1 z in/ances ( emancipation multiply to prove !m gr\ndless4 ,^? :o utt] !m seem1 9 _! panic1 n only to ov]look ! mo/ obvi\s laws ( ! human m9d1 & ! lights ( exp]i5ce1 b to be almo/ unconsci\s ( ! great ev5ts connect$ ) slav]y1 t are n[ pass+ ar\nd !m 9 ! _w1 & conspir+ to br+ ab\t its e>ly abrogation among all civiliz$ & comm]cial nations4 ,h[ev] ,*ri/ian1 & civiliz$1 indu/ri\s1 prosp]\s & happy1 ! ,,slavehold]s ( ! ,s\? may be1 ?is _c be said ( ! ,,slaves4 ,a l>ge religi\s d5om9ation ( ! /ate 9 :i* ,mr4 ,elmore resides1 has delib]ately pron\nc$ !m to be ,,hea!n4 ,_! indu/ry is se5 at ! end ( ! la%--( prosp]ity !y h none1 = !y _c possess any ?+ t is an elem5t ( prosp]ity--_! happ9ess !y prove1 by runn+ away f _! ma/]s1 :5ev] !y ?9k !y c effect _! escape4 ,?is is ! condition ( a l>ge majority ( ! p 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,mississippi & ,l\isiana4 ,! two races exi/ 9 peace 9 ,mexico1--9 all ! =m] ,s\? ,am]ican dep5d5cies ( ,spa91 9 ,antigua1 9 ! ,b]mudas1 9 ,canada1 9 ,massa*usetts1 9 ,v]mont1 9 f9e1 9 e c\ntry :]e !y enjoy legal equality4 ,x is ! d5ial ( ?is t produces discont5t4 ,,m5 w nev] be satisfi$ )\t x4 ,let ! slavehold]s consult ! irrev]sible laws ( ! human m9d--make a full concession ( "r to ^? f :om !y h )held x1 & !y w be bless$ ) a peace1 political1 social1 moral1 beyond _! pres5t conceptions2 )\t su* concessions !y nev] c possess x4 ,a sy/em t _c )/& ! assaults ( tru?--t replies to argum5ts ) ?reats--t _c be talk$ ab\t--t fl\ri%es 9 secrecy & d>kness1 & dies :5 br\ght =? into ! light & exam9$1 mu/ 9 ?is "t ( inexorable scrut9y & rel5tless agitation1 be a dang]\s "o4 ,if ju/ice be done1 all necessity = ! extirpation ( any "p ( ! p w at once be remov$4 ,baptisms ( blood are se5 only :5 humanity has fail$ 9 h] (fices1 & ! suff]+ disc]n hope only 9 ! brute ef=ts ( despair4 ,mr4 ,elmore is d\btless well v]s$ 9 g5]al hi/ory4 ,to 8 vigor\s declamation1 ,i reply by ask+1 if he c produce f ! hi/ory ( our race a s+le in/ance1 :]e emancipation1 full & imm$iate1 has be5 foll[$1 z a legitimate consequ5ce1 by insurrection or blood%$4 ,i may g fur!r1 & ask him = a well au!nticat$ in/ance1 :]e an emancipat$ slave1 s+ly has imbru$ 8 h&s 9 8 ma/]'s blood4 ,! fir/ record ( su* an act 9 mod]n times1 is yet to be made4 ,mr4 ,elmore says ! :ite inhabitants 9 ! slave /ates %\ld be in=m$ ( ! full l5g? & bread? & dep? ( ?is /orm :i* is ga!r+ ov] _! heads1 be=e x breaks 9 its desolat+ fury4 ,9 ?is s5tim5t !re is n a reasonable man 9 ! c\ntry1 be he abolitioni/ or n1 :o w n co9cide ) him4 ,we rejoice at ! evid5ce we "h h1 9 a g5tleman ( ! influ5ce & intellig5ce ( ,mr4 ,elmore1 ( ! return+ sanity ( ! ,s\?4 ,h[ wildly & mis*iev\sly has %e be5 h]et(ore misl$6 ,:il/ ! ,gov]nors ( ,virg9ia1 ,alabama1 ,t5nessee & ,arkansas1 h be5 repell+ (f]s1 made 9 respectful t]ms1 ( ! fulle/ & mo/ au!ntic acc\nts ( our movem5ts2 & :il/ ,gov]nor ,butl] ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 has n only foll[$ ! example ( 8 gub]natorial bre?r5 j nam$1 b is f\nd correspond+ ) an obscure culprit 9 ,massa*usetts--brib+ him ) a few doll>s1 ! sum he dem&$ = 8 fraudul5t promise to aid 9 ?w>t+ ! abolitioni/s,a2 :il/ too1 ,mr4 ,calh\n has be5 will+ to pass laws to %ut out f 8 con/itu5ts & ! ,s\? g5]ally in=mation t conc]n$ !m m ne>ly ?an all o!rs--we n[ h x f ! highe/ s\rce1 f "o select$ by a /ate delegation z its repres5tative 9 a g5]al committee ( ! :ole slavehold+ delegations1 t ! ,s\? ought to be in=m$ ( ! full l5g? & bread? & dep? ( ! measures1 int5tions1 c1 ( ! abolitioni/s4 ,at ?is !re is n an abolitioni/ :o w n rejoice4 ,we ask = no?+ b access to ! popul> m9d ( ! ,s\?4 ,we feel full confid5ce 9 ! et]nal rectitude ( our pr9ciples1 & ( _! reception at ! ,s\?1 :5 once !y are und]/ood4 ,let ! conflict come1 let ! tru? ( lib]ty fairly ent] ! li/s ) ! error ( slav]y1 & we h n a d\bt ( a glori\s triumph4 ,footnote ,a3 ,app5dix ,h4 ,may we n1 aft] ?is1 expect ! aid ( ,mr4 ,elmore & o!rs ( equal di/9ction 9 ! ,s\?1 9 giv+ to _! fell[-citiz5s ! in=mation t we h always believ$1 & t !y n[ ackn[l$ge1 to be s1 important to !m8 ,may #bd1 #ahch4 ,,james ,g4 ,,birney4 ,,app5dix4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,app5dix ,a4 ,extract f an article address$ to ! editor ( ! ,*ri/ian ,regi/] & ,obs]v]1 sign$ ,w4,e4,c4--attribut$ to ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,*ann+4 ,speak+ ( slav]y1 ,i wi% to recomm5d to y\r read]s a book j f ! press1 entitl$ ',emancipation 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1' & writt5 by ,j4 ,a4 ,?ome & ,j4,h4 ,kimball1 :o _h visit$ ^? isl&s to inquire into ! great exp]im5t n[ go+ on !re4 ,i reg>d x z ! mo/ important "w :i* has appe>$ among u = ye>s4 ,no man1 )\t read+ x1 %\ld und]take to pass judgm5t on ,emancipation4 ,x is some?+ m ?an a report ( ! obs]vation & op9ions ( ! writ]s4 ,x consi/s1 *iefly1 ( ! op9ions1 conv]sations1 lett]s1 & o!r docum5ts ( ! v inhabitants ( ! isl&s ^: judgm5ts are mo/ tru/-wor?y2 ( ! gov]nors1 special magi/rates1 police (fic]s1 manag]s1 attorneys1 physicians1 c2 &1 9 mo/ cases1 ! names ( ^! individuals are giv51 s t we h ! /ronge/ evid5ce ( ! correctness ( ! "w4 ,! results ( ?is great exp]im5t surpass :at ! mo/ sangu9e c\ld h hop$4 ,x is h>dly possible t ! trial c\ld h be5 made "u m unfavorable circum/ances4 ,! plant]s on all ! isl&s 7 oppos$ to ! ,act ( ,emancipation1 &1 9 mo/1 exce$+ly & fi]cely ho/ile to x1 & utt]ly indispos$ to give x ! be/ *ance ( success4 ,! disproportion ( ! color$ race to ! :ites 0 fe>fully great1 be+ t ( sev5 or eight to "o2 :il/1 9 our slavehold+ /ates1 ! :ites outnumb] ! color$ p4 ,! slaves ( ! ,we/ ,indies 7 less civiliz$ ?an ours1 & less fit to be tru/$ ) _! own support4 ,ano!r great evil 01 t ! proprietors1 to a consid]able ext5t1 7 abs5tees2 resid+ 9 ,engl&1 & leav+ ! c>e ( _! e/ates & slaves to manag]s & own]s2 ! la/ p = su* a tru/1 & utt]ly unfit to c>ry ! wret*$ victims ( _! tyranny ?r\gh ! solemn transition f slav]y to fre$om4 ,to complete ! unhappy circum/ances "u :i* ! exp]im5t began1 ! ,act ( ,emancipation 0 pass$ by a di/ant gov]nm5t1 hav+ no intimate k ( ! subject2 & ! consequ5ce 01 t a sy/em ( ',appr5tice%ip1' z x 0 call$1 0 adopt$1 s absurd1 & betray+ su* ignorance ( ! pr9ciples ( human nature1 t1 did we n "k o!rwise1 we might suspect its au?or ( int5d+ to produce a failure4 ,x 0 to witness ! results ( an exp]im5t promis+ s little good1 t our au?ors visit$ ?ree isl&s1 p>ticul>ly wor?y ( exam9ation--,antigua1 ,b>badoes1 & ,jamaica4 ,our au?ors w5t fir/ to ,antigua1 an isl& :i* _h be5 wise en\gh to =esee ! mis*iefs ( ! propos$ appr5tice%ip1 & _h sub/itut$ = x imm$iate & unqualifi$ emancipation4 ,! report giv5 ( ?is isl& is mo/ *e]+4 ,x is1 inde$1 "o ( ! brighte/ records 9 hi/ory4 ,! acc\nt1 beg9n+ page #adc1 ( ! transition f slav]y to fre$om1 c h>dly be read by a man ( ord9>y s5sibility )\t a ?rill ( t5d] & holy joy4 ,:y is x n publi%$ 9 all our newspap]s z among ! mo/ int]e/+ ev5ts ( our age8 ,f ! acc\nts ( ,antigua1 x appe>s t imm$iate emancipation has produc$ only good4 ,its fruits are1 great] security1 ! removal ( ! fe>s :i* accompany slav]y1 bett] & *eap] cultivation ( ! soil1 increas$ value ( real e/ate1 improv$ morals1 m frequ5t m>riages1 & few] crimes4 ,! p proclaim1 ) "o voice1 t emancipation is a bless+1 & t no?+ w\ld tempt ?an to rev]t to slav]y4 ,our au?ors proce$$ next to ,b>badoes1 :]e ! appr5tice%ip sy/em is 9 op]ation2 & if any pro( 7 ne$$ ( ! docility & good dispositions ( ! negroes1 x w\ld be f\nd 9 _! acquiesc5ce to s wond]ful a degree 9 ?is unhappy arrangem5t4 ,! plant]s on ?is isl& h be5 m dispos$1 ?an c\ld h be5 anticipat$1 to make ! be/ ( ?is sy/em1 & "h1 accord+ly1 ! same fruits ( ! ,act ( ,emancipation are f\nd z 9 ,antigua1 ?\gh less abundant2 & a v g5]al & /rong conviction prevails ( ! happ9ess ( ! *ange4 ,9 ,jamaica1 appr5tice%ip manife/s its wor/ t5d5cies4 ,! plant]s ( ?is isl& 71 f fir/ to la/1 furi\s 9 _! ho/ility to ! act ( emancipation2 & ! ef=t seems to h be51 to make ! appr5tice%ip be> z heavily z possible on ! color$ p2 s t1 in/ead ( prep>+ !m = complete emancipation1 x has r unfitt$ !m = ?is boon4 ,/ill1 "u all ^! disadvantages1 !re is /rong reason = expect+1 t emancipation1 :5 x %all come1 w prove a great good4 ,at any rate1 x is h>dly possible = ! slaves to fall into a m deplorable condition1 ?an t 9 :i* ?is int]position ( p>liam5t f\nd !m4 ,! degree ( success :i* has att5d$ ?is exp]im5t 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 "u su* unfavorable auspices1 makes u sure1 t emancipation 9 ?is c\ntry1 accord$ by ! good w ( ! ma/]s1 w\ld be att5d$ ) ! happie/ effects4 ,"o ?+ is pla91 t x w\ld be p]fectly safe4 ,nev] 7 ! ,we/ ,indies s peaceful & secure z s9ce emancipation4 ,s f> f g5]al massacre & insurrection1 n an in/ance is record$ or intimat$ ( viol5ce ( any k9d be+ (f]$ to a :ite man4 ,our au?ors 7 cont9ually met by assurances ( security on ! "p ( ! plant]s1 s t1 9 ?is respect at lea/1 emancipation has be5 unspeakable ga94 ,! only ob/acle to emancipation is1 !re=e1 remov$2 = no?+ b well gr\nd$ fe>s ( viol5ce & crime c au?orize a man to encroa* "o mom5t on ano!r's fre$om4 ,! subject ( ?is book is ( great int]e/ at ! pres5t mom5t4 ,slav]y1 9 ! ab/ract1 has be5 ?or\ghly discuss$ among u4 ,we all agree t x is a great wrong4 ,n a voice is "h lift$ up 9 def5ce ( ! sy/em1 :5 view$ 9 a g5]al light4 ,we only diff] :5 we come to apply our pr9ciples to a p>ticul> case4 ,! only "q is1 :e!r ! ,s\!rn /ates c aboli% slav]y consi/5tly ) ! public safety1 ord]1 & peace8 ,_m1 v _m well dispos$ p1 bo? at ! ,nor? & ,s\?1 are possess$ ) vague fe>s ( massacre & univ]sal misrule1 z ! consequ5ces ( emancipation4 ,su* ought to inquire into ! gr\nd ( _! al>m4 ,!y are b\nd to li/5 to ! voice ( facts1 & su* are giv5 9 ?is book4 ,none ( u h a "r to make up our m9ds )\t inquiry1 or to re/ 9 op9ions adopt$ indol5tly & )\t ?\ght4 ,x is a great crime to doom millions ( our race to brutal degradation1 on ! gr\nd ( unreasonable fe>s4 ,! p[] ( public op9ion is "h irresi/ible1 & to ?is p[] e man contributes some?+2 s t e man1 by 8 _s & language1 helps to loos5 or rivet ! *a9s ( ! slave4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ s5tim5ts are express$ by ,,gov]nor ,,ev]ett1 ( ,massa*usetts1 9 a lett] to ,,edmund ,,qu9cy1 ,esq41 dat$ ,bo/on1 ,april #bi1 #ahch4 ,,de> ,,sir1--,i h y\r favor ( ! #ba/1 accompani$ ) ! volume conta9+ ! acc\nt ( ! t\r ( ,messrs4 ,?ome & ,kimball 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 = :i* y w be pleas$ to accept my ?anks4 ,i h p]us$ ?is highly int]e/+ n>rative ) ! greate/ satisfaction4 ,f ! mom5t ( ! passage ( ! law1 mak+ provision = ! imm$iate or prospective abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,briti% colonial possessions1 ,i h look$ ) ! deepe/ solicitude = tid+s ( its op]ation4 ,! success ( ! measure1 z x seem$ to me1 w\ld af=d a bett] hope ?an _h be=e exi/$1 t a l bless+ might be enjoy$ by ^? portions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e slav]y prevails4 ,! only gr\nd on :i* ,i _h be5 accu/om$ to he> ! cont9uance ( slav]y def5d$ at ! ,s\?1 0 t ( necessity1 & ! impossibility ( aboli%+ x )\t produc+ consequ5ces ( ! mo/ disa/r\s "* to bo? p>ties4 ,! passage ( a law provid+ = ! emancipation ( ne>ly a million ( slaves 9 ! ,briti% colonies1 seem$ to af=d full opportunity ( br++ ?is mom5t\s "q to ! decisive te/ ( exp]i5ce4 ,if ! result prov$ satisfactory1 ,i h nev] d\bt$ t x w\ld seal ! fate ( slav]y ?r\gh\t ! civilis$ _w4 ,z f> z ! obs]vations ( ,messrs4 ,?ome & ,kimball ext5d$1 ! result is ( ! mo/ gratify+ "*4 ,x appe>s to place beyond a d\bt1 t ! exp]im5t ( imm$iate emancipation1 adopt$ by ! colonial ,legislature ( ,antigua1 has fully succe$$ 9 t isl&2 & ! plan ( appr5tice%ip 9 o!r portions ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 z well z c\ld h be5 expect$ f ! obvi\s inh]5t vices ( t measure4 ,x has giv5 me new views ( ! practicability ( emancipation4 ,x has be5 effect$ 9 ,antigua1 z appe>s f unque/ionable au?orities conta9$ 9 ! "w ( ,messrs4 ,?ome & ,kimball1 n m]ely )\t dang] to ! ma/]1 b )\t any sacrifice ( 8 int]e/4 ,i _c b ?9k t ! in=mation collect$ 9 ! volume w h a p[]ful effect on public op9ion1 n only 9 ! nor!rn /ates1 b 9 ! slavehold+ /ates4 ,,gov]nor ,,ellswor?1 ( ,connecticut1 writes ?us to ,a4,f4 ,,williams1 ,esq41 ( ?is city3-- ,,new ,,hav51 ,may #ai1 #ahch4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1--,j be=e ,i left home1 ,i receiv$ f y ! ,j\rnal ( ,?ome & ,kimball1 = :i* tok5 ( fri5d%ip ,i int5d$ to h made y my ackn[l$gm5ts be=e ?is2 b ,i wi%$ fir/ to read ! book4 ,z f> z "t w\ld p]mit1 ,i h gone ov] mo/ ( its pages2 & let me assure y1 x is ju/ly calculat$ to produce great effects1 provid$ y c once get x into ! h&s ( ! plant]s4 ,conv9ce !m t _! int]e/s1 z well z _! security1 w be advanc$ by employ+ free blacks1 & emancipation w be accompli%$ )\t difficulty or delay4 ,i h look$ ) great int]e/ at ! />tl+ measure ( emancipation 9 ,antigua2 b if ?is book is correct1 ! "q is settl$ z to t isl& beyond a d\bt1 s9ce !re is su* accumulat$ te/imony f all classes1 t ! bus9ess & real e/ate ( ! isl& h advanc$1 by reason ( ! emancipation1 "o f\r?1 at lea/1 9 value2 :ile p]sonal security1 )\t milit>y =ce1 is felt by ! =m] ma/]s1 & cont5tm5t1 indu/ry1 & gratitude1 are se5 9 ^? :o 7 slaves4 ,! great moral example ( ,engl&1 9 aboli%+ slav]y 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 w produce a revolution on ?is subject ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & put d[n slav]y 9 e ,*ri/ian c\ntry4 ,) s5tim5ts ( high e/eem1 c1 ,w4 ,w4 ,,ellswor?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,app5dix ,b4 ,a %ort "t previ\s to ! late election 9 ,rhode ,isl& = gov]nor & lieut5ant-gov]nor1 a lett] 0 address$ to ea* ( ! c&idates = ^? (fices by ,mr4 ,johnson1 ,correspond+ ,secret>y ( ! ,rhode ,isl& ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 embody+ ! views ( ! abolitioni/s on ! sev]al subjects x embrac$1 9 a s]ies ( qu]ies4 ,_! purport w appe> f ! answ] ( ,mr4 ,sprague1 7:o 0 elect$ gov]nor17 giv5 bel[4 ,! answ] ( ,mr4 ,*ilds 7elect$ lieut5ant-gov]nor7 is fully z direct z t ( gov]nor ,sprague4 ,,w>wick1 ,m>* #bh1 #ahch4 ,,de> ,,sir1--,y\r favor ( ! #ai? in/4 reque/+ ( me1 9 con=mity to a resolution ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,rhode ,isl& ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 an expression ( my op9ions on c]ta9 topics1 0 duly receiv$4 ,i h no motive :atev] = )hold+ my op9ions on any subject :i* is int]e/+ to any portion ( my fell[-citiz5s4 ,i w1 !re=e1 *e]fully proce$ to reply to ! int]rogatories propos$1 & 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are submitt$4 #a4 ,among ! p[]s ve/$ by ! ,con/itution 9 ,congress1 is ! p[] to ex]cise exclusive legislation1 '9 all cases :atsoev]1' ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia8 ',all cases' mu/1 ( c\rse1 include ! case ( slav]y & ! slave-trade4 ,i am1 !re=e1 cle>ly ( op9ion1 t ! ,con/itution does conf] ^u ,congress ! p[] to aboli% slav]y & ! slave-trade 9 t ,di/rict2 &1 z !y are great moral & political evils1 ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & humanity dem& ! ex]cise ( t p[]4 #b4 ,! traffic 9 slaves1 :e!r =eign or dome/ic1 is equally obnoxi\s to e pr9ciple ( ju/ice & humanity2 &1 z ,congress has ex]cis$ its p[]s to suppress ! slave-trade betwe5 ?is c\ntry & =eign nations1 x ought1 z a matt] ( consi/5cy & ju/ice1 to ex]cise ! same p[]s to suppress ! slave-trade betwe5 ! /ates ( ?is ,union4 ,! slave-trade )9 ! /ates is1 und\bt$ly1 beyond ! control ( ,congress2 z ! 'sov]eignty ( ea* /ate1 to legislate exclusively on ! subject ( slav]y1 :i* is tol]at$ )9 its limits1' is1 ,i believe1 univ]sally conc$$4 ,! ,con/itution unque/ionably recognises ! sov]eign p[] ( ea* /ate to legislate on ! subject )9 its limits2 b x imposes on u no obligation to add to ! evils ( ! sy/em by c\nt5anc+ ! traffic betwe5 ! /ates4 ,t :i* our laws h solemnly pron\nc$ to be piracy 9 our =eign int]c\rse1 no sophi/ry c make honorable or ju/ifiable 9 a dome/ic =m4 ,= a pro( ( ! feel+s :i* ?is traffic naturally inspires1 we ne$ b ref] to ! univ]sal execration 9 :i* ! slave-deal] is held 9 ^? portions ( ! c\ntry :]e ! in/itution ( slav]y is gu>d$ ) ! mo/ jeal\s vigilance4 #c4 ,congress has no p[] to abridge ! "r ( petition4 ,! "r ( ! p ( ! non-slavehold+ /ates to petition ,congress = ! abolition ( slav]y & ! slave-trade 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & ! traffic ( human be+s among ! /ates1 is z und\bt$ z any "r gu>anti$ by ! ,con/itution2 & ,i reg>d ! ,resolution :i* 0 adopt$ by ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives on ! #ba/ ( ,decemb] la/ z a virtual d5ial ( t "r1 inasmu* z x dispos$ ( all su* petitions1 z might be pres5t$ !reaft]1 9 advance ( pres5tation & reception4 ,if x 0 "r ?us to dispose ( petitions on "o subject1 x w\ld be equally "r to dispose ( !m 9 ! same mann] on all subjects1 & ?us cut ( all communication1 by petition betwe5 ! p & _! repres5tatives4 ,no?+ c be m cle>ly a violation ( ! _s ( ! ,con/itution1 z x r5d]$ utt]ly nugatory a "r :i* 0 consid]$ ( su* va/ importance z to be specially gu>anti$ 9 t sacr$ in/rum5t4 ,a simil> ,resolution pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives at ! fir/ session ( ! la/ ,congress1 & z ,i !n ent]ta9$ ! same views :i* ,i h n[ express$1 ,i record$ my vote aga9/ x4 #d4 ,i fully concur 9 ! s5tim5t1 t 'e pr9ciple ( ju/ice & humanity requires1 t e human be+1 :5 p]sonal fre$om is at /ake1 %\ld h ! b5efit ( a jury trial2' & ,i h no hesitation 9 say+1 t ! laws ( ?is /ate ought to secure t b5efit1 s f> z !y c1 to p]sons claim$ z fugitives f 's]vice or labor1' )\t int]f]+ ) ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! c\rse pursu$ 9 relation to ?is subject by ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts meets my approbation4 #e4 ,i am oppos$ to all attempts to abridge or re/ra9 ! fre$om ( spee* & ! press1 or to =bid any portion ( ! p peaceably to assemble to discuss any subject--moral1 political1 or religi\s4 #f4 ,i am oppos$ to ! annexation ( ,texas to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #g4 ,x is und\bt$ly inconsi/5t ) ! pr9ciples ( a free /ate1 pr(ess+ to be gov]n$ 9 its legislation by ! pr9ciples ( fre$om1 to sanction slav]y1 9 any =m1 )9 its jurisdiction4 ,if we h laws 9 ?is /ate :i* be> ?is con/ruction1 !y ought to be repeal$4 ,we %\ld ext5d to our s\!rn bre?r51 :5ev] !y may h occasion to come among u1 all ! privileges & immunities enjoy$ by our own citiz5s1 & all ! rights & privileges gu>anti$ to !m by ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b !y _c expect ( u to dep>t f ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( civil lib]ty = ! purpose ( obviat+ any temporal inconv5i5ce :i* !y may exp]i5ce4 ,^! are my views ^u ! topics propos$ = my consid]ation4 ,!y are ! views :i* ,i h always ent]ta9$1 7at lea/ ev] s9ce ,i h be5 awak5$ to _! va/ importance17 & :i* ,i h always support$1 s f> z ,i c\ld1 by my vote 9 ,congress2 & if1 9 any respect1 my answ]s h n be5 suffici5tly explicit1 x w af=d me pleasure to reply to any o!r que/ions :i* y may ?9k prop] to propose4 ,i am1 ,sir1 v respectfully1 ,y\r fri5d & fell[ citiz51 ,,william ,,sprague4 ,oliv] ,johnson1 ,esq41 ,cor4 ,sec4 ,r4,i4,a4,s4 ,society4 ,,app5dix ,c4 ,! abolitioni/s 9 ,connecticut petition$ ! ,legislature ( t /ate at its late session on sev]al subjects deem$ by !m prop] = legislative action4 ,9 answ] to ^! petitions-- #a4 ,! law kn[n z ! ,black ,act or ! ,cant]bury law--"u :i* ,miss ,cr&all 0 indict$ & tri$--0 repeal$1 except a s+le provision1 :i* is n consid]$ objectionable4 #b4 ,! "r to trial by jury 0 secur$ to p]sons :o are claim$ z slaves4 #c4 ,resolutions 7 pass$ ass]t+ ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & recomm5d+ t x be done z soon z x c be1 consi/5tly ) ! be/ good ( ! :ole c\ntry4767 #d4 ,resolutions 7 pass$ prote/+ aga9/ ! annexation ( ,texas to ! ,union4 #e4 ,resolutions 7 pass$ ass]t+ ! "r ( petition z inali5able--condemn+ ,mr4 ,patton's resolution ( ,dec4 #ba1 #ahcg z an invasion ( ! rights ( ! p1 & call+ on ! ,connecticut delegation 9 ,congress to use _! ef=ts to h ! same resc9d$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,app5dix ,d4 ,9 ! ye> #agic !re 7 b #e1jjj1jjj p\nds ( cotton produc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & b #ejj1jjj export$4 ,cotton nev] c\ld h become an article ( mu* comm]cial importance "u ! old me?od ( prep>+ x = m>ket4 ,by h&-pick+1 or by a process /rictly manual1 a cultivator c\ld n prep>e = m>ket1 dur+ ! ye>1 m ?an f #bjj to #cjj p\nds2 be+ only ab\t "o-t5? ( :at he c\ld cultivate to maturity 9 ! field4 ,9 '#ic ,mr4 ,:itney inv5t$ ! ,cotton-g9 n[ 9 use1 by :i* ! labor ( at lea/ "o ?\s& h&s "u ! old sy/em1 is p]=m$ by "o1 9 prep>+ ! crop = m>ket4 ,sev5 ye>s aft] ! inv5tion 7#ahjj7 #ce1jjj1jjj p\nds 7 rais$1 & #ag1hjj1jjj export$4 ,9 #ahcd1 #dfj1jjj1jjj 7 rais$--#chd1gej1jjj export$4 ,su* 0 ! effect ( ,mr4 ,:itney's inv5tion4 ,x gave1 at once1 extraord9>y value to ! l& 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry :]e alone cotton c\ld be rais$2 & to slaves1 because x 0 ! g5]al1 ! almo/ univ]sal1 impression t ! cultivation ( ! ,s\? c\ld be c>ri$ on only by slaves4 ,!re be+ no free /ate 9 ! ,s\?1 competition betwe5 free & slave labor nev] c\ld exi/ on a scale suffici5tly ext5sive to prove ! sup]iority ( ! =m] 9 ! production ( cotton1 & 9 ! prep>ation ( x = m>ket4 ,?us1 x has happ5$ t ,mr4 ,:itney has be5 ! innoc5t occasion ( giv+ to slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry its pres5t importance--( magnify+ x into ! great int]e/ to :i* all o!rs mu/ yield4 ,h[ he 0 rew>d$ by ! ,s\?--especially by ! plant]s ( ,georgia--! read] may see by consult+ ,silliman's ,j\rnal = ,janu>y1 #ahcb1 & ! ,encyclop$ia ,am]icana1 article1 ,,:itney4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,app5dix ,e4 ,x is impossible1 ( c\rse1 to pron\nce ) precision1 h[ great w\ld h be5 ! effect 9 favor ( emancipation1 if ! ef=t to resi/ ! admission ( ,miss\ri z a slavehold+ /ate _h be5 successful4 ,we c only conjecture :at x w\ld h be51 by ! effect its admission has _h 9 fo/]+ slav]y up to its pres5t huge gr[? & pret5sions4 ,if ! ,am]ican p _h %[n1 ?r\gh _! ,national legislature1 a s9c]e opposition to slav]y by ! rejection ( ,miss\ri1 x is probable at lea/--late z x 0--t ! e>ly expiration ( ! 'sy/em' w\ld1 by ?is "t1 h be5 disc]n$ by all m54 ,:5 ! ,con/itution 0 =m$1 ! /ate ( public s5tim5t ev5 9 ! ,s\?--) ! exception ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 0 favorable to emancipation4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ?is public s5tim5t 0 ! ,con/itution =m$4 ,no p]son at all v]s$ 9 con/itutional or legal int]pretation--) 8 judgm5t unaffect$ by int]e/ or any ( ! prejudices to :i* ! exi/+ controv]sy has giv5 bir?--c\ld1 x is ?\ght1 con/rue ! ,con/itution1 9 its lett]1 z int5d+ to p]petuate slav]y4 ,to come to su* a conclusion ) a full k ( :at 0 ! m9d ( ?is nation 9 reg>d to slav]y1 :5 t in/rum5t 0 made1 demon/rates a moral or intellectual flaw t makes all reason+ useless4 ,al?\gh x is a fact beyond controv]sy 9 our hi/ory1 t ! p[] conf]r$ by ! ,con/itution on ,congress to regulate comm]ce ) =eign nations 0 kn[n to include ! p[] ( aboli%+ ! ,african slave-trade--& t x 0 expect$ t ,congress1 at ! end ( ! p]iod = :i* ! ex]cise ( t p[] on ?is p>ticul> subject 0 re/ra9$1 w\ld use x 7z x did7 ) a view to ! influ5ce t ! cutt+ (f ( t traffic w\ld h on ! sy/em 9 ?is c\ntry--yet1 su* has be5 ! influ5ce ( ! action ( ,congress on all matt]s ) :i* slav]y has be5 m+l$--m especially on ! ,miss\ri "q1 9 :i* slav]y 0 ! sole int]e/--t an impression has be5 produc$ on ! popul> m9d1 t ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates gu>anties1 & consequ5tly p]petuates1 slav]y to ! ,s\?4 ,mo/ artfully1 incessantly1 & p[]fully1 has ?is lam5table error be5 h>p$ on by ! slavehold]s1 & by _! advocates 9 ! free /ates4 ,! impression ( con/itutional favor to ! slavehold]s w\ld1 ( itself1 naturally create = !m an undue & disproportionate influ5ce 9 ! control ( ! gov]nm5t2 b :5 to ?is is add$ ! arrogance t ! possession ( irresponsible p[] almo/ inv>iably eng5d]s 9 its possessors--_! ov]rea*+ assumptions--! contempt t ! slavehold]s ent]ta9 = ! great body ( ! p ( ! ,nor?1 x has almo/ deliv]$ ov] ! gov]nm5t1 b\nd neck & heels1 into ! h&s ( slavehold+ politicians--to be b\nd /ill m rigor\sly1 or unloos$1 z may seem well 9 _! discretion4 ,:o c d\bt t1 z a nation1 we %\ld h be5 m honorable & influ5tial abroad--m prosp]\s & unit$ at home--if ,k5tucky1 at ! v outset ( ?is matt]1 _h be5 refus$ admission to ! ,union until %e _h expung$ f h] ,con/itution ! cov5ant ) oppression8 ,%e w\ld n h rema9$ out ( ! ,union a s+le ye> on t acc\nt4 ,if ! wor%ip ( ,lib]ty _h n be5 ex*ang$ = t ( ,p[]--if h] pr9ciples _h be5 successfully ma9ta9$ 9 ?is fir/ assault1 _! triumph 9 e o!r w\ld h be5 easy4 ,we %\ld n h _h a /ate less 9 ! conf$]acy1 & slav]y w\ld h be5 se51 at ?is "t1 %runk up to ! mo/ contemptible dim5sions1 if x _h n vani%$ entirely away4 ,b we h furni%$ ano!r in/ance to be add$ to ! long & melan*oly li/ already exi/+1 to prove t1-- facilis desc5sus ,av]ni1 ,s$ revoc>e gradum ,hoc opus hic labor e/1 if poetry is n fiction4 ,success 9 ! ,miss\ri /ruggle--late z x 0--w\ld h plac$ ! cause ( fre$om 9 our c\ntry out ( ! rea* ( dang] f its inexorable foe4 ,! pr9ciples ( lib]ty w\ld h /ruck deep] root 9 ! free /ates1 & h d]iv$ fre% vigor f su* a triumph4 ,if ^! pr9ciples _h be5 honor$ by ! gov]nm5t f t p]iod to ! pres5t1 7z !y w\ld h be51 _h ! free /ates1 ev5 !n1 assum$ _! j prepond]ance 9 its adm9i/ration17 we %\ld n[ h1 9 ,miss\ri h]self1 a heal?ful & vigor\s ally 9 ! cause ( fre$om2 &1 9 ,arkansas1 a free p--twice h] pres5t numb]s--press+ on ! conf9es ( slav]y1 & summon+ ! keep]s ( ! s\!rn *>nel-h\se to op5 its doors1 t its inmates might walk =?1 9 a glori\s resurrection to lib]ty & life4 ,al?\gh "y1 z a p1 we %\ld be1 among ! nations1 v5]able = our virtue2 & we %\ld ex]cise an influ5ce on ! civiliz$ & comm]cial _w t we mo/ despair ( possess+1 z long z we rema9 vuln]able to e %aft t malice1 or satire1 or philan?ropy may f9d x conv5i5t to hurl aga9/ u4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,a comic piece--! production ( "o ( ! mo/ popul> ( ! ,fr5* writ]s 9 8 way--_h possession ( ! ,p>is /age la/ w9t]4 ,:5 "o ( ! p]sonages ,,sep>ates ,,husb& ,,& ,,wife1 he cries out1 ,,bravo6 ,,?is ,,is ,,! ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,indep5d5ce ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates6 ,bravo6 ,c'e/ la ,decl>ation d',indep5d5ce des ,etats ,unis4 ,"o ( our di/+ui%$ ,college-pr(essors1 lately on a t\r 9 ,europe1 _h 8 att5tion call$1 :ile pass+ along ! /reet ( a ,g]man city1 to ! pictorial repres5tation ( a ,,:ite ,,man ,,sc\rg+ ,a ,,supplicat+ ,,color$ ,,female1 ) ?is allusion und]writt53--,a ,,specim5 ,,( ,,equality--,,f ,,republican ,,am]ica4 ,truly might our c\ntryman h exclaim$ 9 ! language1 if n ) ! g5]\s emotions ( ! ,trojan h]o1 :5 he beheld ! noble de$s ( 8 c\ntrym5 p5cill$ 9 a /range l&-- --,quis jam locus-- ,quae regio 9 t]ris no/ri non pl5a laboris8 ,in/ead ( be+ ?us seat$ on a heav5-kiss+ hill1 & se5 ( all 9 its pure radiance2 in/ead ( enjoy+ its delightful airs1 & imp>t+ to !m ! heal?ful savor ( ju/ice1 tru?1 m]cy1 magnanimity1 see :at a picture we pres5t2--our cannibal burn+s ( human be+s--our ,lyn* c\rts--our lawless sc\rg+s & capital executions1 n only ( slaves1 b ( freem5--our demoniac mobs rag+ ?r\gh ! /reets ( our cities & l>ge t[ns at midday z well z at midnight1 %$d+ innoc5t blood1 deva/at+ prop]ty1 & apply+ ! inc5di>ies' tor* to edifices erect$ & d$icat$ to ,,free ,,discussion--! kn[n fri5ds ( ord]1 ( law1 ( lib]ty1 ( ! ,con/itution--citiz5s1 di/+ui%$ = _! wor? at home1 & reflect+ honor on _! c\ntry abroad1 %ut out f m ?an half our t]ritory1 or visit+ x at ! haz>d ( _! lives1 or ( ! mo/ degrad+ & pa9ful p]sonal inflictions--fre$om ( spee* & ( ! press ov]?r[n & hoot$ at--! "r ( petition /ruck d[n 9 ,congress1 :]e1 above all places1 x ought to h be5 ma9ta9$ to ! la/--! p mock$ at1 & attempt$ to be gagg$ by _! own s]vants--! "t ! (fice-honor$ vet]an1 :o fe>lessly cont5d$ = ! "r1 publicly m5ac$ = words spok5 9 8 place z a repres5tative ( ! p1 ) an indictm5t by a slavehold+ gr& jury--9 f9e1 ! great pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t ass]t$ by our fa!rs 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 & embodi$ 9 our ,con/itution1 ) :i* !y won = u ! sympa?y1 ! admiration ( ! _w--all =gott51 di%on\r$1 despis$1 trodd5 "u foot6 ,& ?is = slav]y66 ,horrible catalogue6--yet by no means a complete "o--= s "y a nation1 boa/+ itself1 too1 to be ! free/ on e>?6 ,x is ! ripe fruit ( t *ef d'oeuvre ( political skill & patriotic a*ievem5t--! ,,miss\ri ,,compromise4 ,ano!r su* compromise--or any compromise n[ ) slav]y--& ! nation is undone4 ,,app5dix ,f4 ,! foll[+ is believ$ to be a correct exhibit ( ! legislative resolutions aga9/ ! annexation ( ,texas--( ! times at :i* !y 7 pass$1 & ( ! votes by :i* !y 7 pass$3-- #a4 ,,v]mont4 #a4 ,resolv$1 ,by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ,t our ,s5ators 9 ,congress be in/ruct$1 & our ,repres5tatives reque/$1 to use _! influ5ce 9 t body to prev5t ! annexation ( ,texas to ! ,union4 #b4 ,resolv$1 ,t repres5t+1 z we d1 ! p ( ,v]mont1 we d h]eby1 9 _! "n1 ,,solemnly ,,prote/ aga9/ su* annexation 9 any =m4 ,pass$ unanim\sly1 ,nov4 #a1 #ahcg4 #b4 ,,rhode ,,isl&4 7,9 ,g5]al ,assembly1 ,octob] ,session1 ,a4 ,d4 #ahcg47 ,:]eas ! compact ( ! ,union betwe5 ^! /ates 0 ent]$ into by ! p !re( 9 _! respective /ates1 '9 ord] to =m a m p]fect ,union1 e/abli% ju/ice1 ensure dome/ic tranquillity1 provide = ! common def5ce1 promote ! g5]al welf>e1 & secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to !mselves & _! po/]ity2' &1 !re=e1 a ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t 0 in/itut$ by !m1 ) c]ta9 limit$ p[]s1 cle>ly specifi$ & def9$ 9 ! ,con/itution--all o!r p[]s1 n !re9 expressly rel9qui%$1 be+ 'res]v$ to ! /ates respectively1 or to ! p4' ,& :]eas ?is limit$ gov]nm5t possesses no p[] to ext5d its jurisdiction ov] any =eign nation1 & no =eign nation1 c\ntry1 or p1 c be admitt$ into ?is ,union b by ! sov]eign w & act ( ! free p ( all & ea* ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor )\t ! =mation ( a new compact ( ,union--& ano!r frame ( gov]nm5t radically diff]5t1 9 objects1 pr9ciples1 & p[]s1 f t :i* 0 fram$ = our own self-gov]nm5t1 & deem$ to be adequate to all ! exig5cies ( our own free republic3-- ,!re=e1 ,resolv$1 ,t we h witness$1 ) deep conc]n1 ! indications ( a disposition to br+ into ?is ,union1 z a con/itu5t memb] !re(1 ! =eign prov9ce or t]ritory ( ,texas4 ,resolv$1 ,t1 al?\gh we are fully aw>e ( ! consequ5ces :i* mu/ foll[ ! accompli%m5t ( su* a project1 c\ld x be accompli%$--aw>e t x w\ld lead spe$ily to ! conque/ & annexation ( ,mexico itself1 & its f\rte5 rema9+ prov9ces or int5d5cies--:i*1 toge!r ) ! revolt$ prov9ce ( ,texas1 w\ld furni% =eign t]ritories & =eign p = at lea/ tw5ty memb]s ( ! new ,union2 t ! gov]nm5t ( a nation s ext5d$ & s con/ruct$ w\ld soon become radically *ang$ 9 "*1 if n 9 =m--w\ld unavoidably become a milit>y gov]nm5t2 &1 "u ! plea ( necessity1 w\ld free itself f ! re/ra9ts ( ! ,con/itution & f its acc\ntability to ! p4 ,t ! ties ( k9dr$1 common orig9 & common int]e/s1 :i* h s long b\nd ?is p toge!r1 & w\ld /ill cont9ue to b9d !m3 ^! ties1 :i* ought to be held sacr$ by all true ,am]icans1 w\ld be angrily dissolv$1 & sectional political comb9ations w\ld be =m$ ) ! newly admitt$ =eign /ates1 unnatural & adv]se to ! peace & prosp]ity ( ! c\ntry4 ,! civil gov]nm5t1 ) all ! arbitr>y p[]s x might assume1 w\ld be unable to control ! /orm4 ,! usurp] w\ld f9d himself 9 8 prop] elem5t2 &1 aft] act+ ! patriot & ! h]o = a due season1 z ! only means ( rescu+ ! c\ntry f ! ru9 :i* he _h *iefly contribut$ to br+ ^u x1 w\ld reluctantly & mode/ly all[ himself to be decl>$ ',protector ( ! ,commonweal?4' ,we are n[ fully aw>e ( ! deep degradation into :i* ! republic w\ld s9k itself 9 ! eyes ( ! :ole _w1 %\ld x annex to its own va/ t]ritories o!r & =eign t]ritories ( imm5se ?\gh unkn[n ext5t1 = ! purpose ( enc\rag+ ! propagation ( slav]y1 & giv+ aid to ! rais+ ( slaves )9 its own bosom1 ! v bosom ( fre$om1 to be esport$ & sold 9 ^? unhall[$ regions4 ,al?\gh we are fully aw>e ( ^! fe>ful evils1 & numb]less o!rs :i* w\ld come 9 _! tra91 yet we d n "h dwell ^u !m2 because we are "h firmly conv9c$ t ! free p ( mo/1 & we tru/ ( all ^! /ates1 w nev] suff] ! admission ( ! =eign t]ritory ( ,texas into ?is ,union z a con/itu5t memb] !re(--w nev] suff] ! integrity ( ?is ,republic to be violat$1 ei!r by ! introduction & addition to x ( =eign nations or t]ritories1 "o or _m1 or by dismemb]m5t ( x by ! transf] ( any "o or m ( its memb]s to a =eign nation4 ,! p w be aw>e1 t %\ld "o =eign /ate or c\ntry be introduc$1 ano!r & ano!r may be1 )\t end1 :e!r situat$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 9 ! ,we/ ,india isl&s1 or 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w2 & t a s+le =eign /ate1 ?us admitt$1 might h 9 its p[]1 by hold+ ! balance betwe5 cont5d+ p>ties1 to wre/ _! own gov]nm5t f ! h&s & control ( ! p1 by :om x 0 e/abli%$ = _! own b5efit & self-gov]nm5t4 ,we are firmly conv9c$1 t ! free p ( ^! /ates w look ^u any attempt to introduce ! =eign t]ritory ( ,texas1 or any o!r =eign t]ritory or nation into ?is ,union1 z a con/itu5t memb] or memb]s !re(1 z manife/+ a will+ness to pro/rate ! ,con/itution & dissolve ! ,union4 ,resolv$1 ,t ,8 ,excell5cy1 ! ,gov]nor1 be reque/$ to =w>d a copy ( ! =ego+ resolutions to ea* ( our ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 & to ea* ( ! ,executives ( ! sev]al /ates1 ) a reque/ t ! same may be laid be=e ! respective ,legislatures ( said /ates4 ,! ,preamble & ,resolutions 7 unanim\sly adopt$1 ,nov4 #c1 #ahcg4 #c4 ,,ohio4 ,resolv$1 by ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,/ate ( ,ohio1 ,t 9 ! "n1 & on behalf ( ! p ( ! ,/ate ( ,ohio1 we d h]eby ,,solemnly ,,prote/ aga9/ ! annexation ( ,texas to ! ,union ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,& be x fur!r resolv$1 ,t ! ,gov]nor be reque/$ to transmit to ea* ( our ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 & to ! ,gov]nors ( ea* ( ! ,/ates1 a copy ( ! =ego+ resolution1 ) a /atem5t ( ! votes by :i* x 0 pass$ 9 ea* bran* ( ! ,legislature4 ,pass$ by #fd out ( #gb1 ! :ole numb] 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives--unanom\sly 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,feb4 #bd1 #ahch4 #d4 ,,massa*usetts4 ,resolves aga9/ ! annexation ( ,texas to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:]eas a proposition to admit into ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a con/itu5t memb] !re(1 ! =eign nation ( ,texas1 has be5 recomm5d$ by ! legislative resolutions ( sev]al ,/ates1 & br\ght be=e ,congress = its approval & sanction2 & :]eas su* a measure w\ld involve great wrong to ,mexico1 & o!rwise be ( evil prec$5t1 injuri\s to ! int]e/s & di%onorable to ! "* ( ?is c\ntry2 & :]eas its av[$ objects are d\bly fraught ) p]il to ! prosp]ity & p]man5ce ( ?is ,union1 z t5d+ to di/urb & de/roy ! conditions ( ^? compromises & concessions1 ent]$ into at ! =mation ( ! ,con/itution1 by :i* ! relative weights ( diff]5t sections & int]e/s 7 adju/$1 & to /r5g!n & ext5d ! evils ( a sy/em :i* is unju/ 9 itself1 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! !ory ( our in/itutions1 & condemn$ by ! moral s5tim5t ( mank9d2 & :]eas ! p ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates h n grant$ to any or all ( ! dep>tm5ts ( _! ,gov]nm5t1 b h reta9$ 9 !mselves1 ! only p[] adequate to ! admission ( a =eign nation into ?is conf$]acy2 !re=e1 ,resolv$1 ,t we1 ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 9 ,g5]al ,c\rt assembl$1 d 9 ! "n ( ! p ( ,massa*usetts1 e>ne/ly & solemnly prote/ aga9/ ! incorporation ( ,texas into ?is ,union1 & decl>e1 t no act done or compact made1 = su* purpose by ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w be b9d+ on ! ,/ates or ! ,p4 ,resolv$1 ,t 8 ,excell5cy ! ,gov]nor be reque/$ to =w>d a copy ( ^! resolutions & ! accompany+ report to ! ,executive ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! ,executive ( ea* ,/ate & also to ea* ( our ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 ) a reque/ t !y pres5t ! resolves to bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress4 ,pass$ ,,m>* #af1 #ahch1 ,,unanim\sly1 9 bo? ,h\ses4 99 99 99 99 99 #e4 ,,mi*igan4 ,:]eas1 propositions h be5 made = ! annexation ( ,texas to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) a view to its ultimate incorporation into ! ,union3 ,& :]eas1 ! ext5sion ( ?is ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t ov] s l>ge a c\ntry on ! s\?-we/1 betwe5 :i* & t ( ! orig9al /ates1 !re is little aff9ity1 & less id5tity ( int]e/1 w\ld t5d1 9 ! op9ion ( ?is ,legislature1 greatly to di/urb ! safe & h>moni\s op]ations ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & put 9 imm95t dang] ! cont9uance ( ?is happy ,union3 ,!re=e1 ,be x resolv$1 by ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan1 ,t 9 behalf1 & 9 ! "n ( ! ,/ate ( ,mi*igan1 ?is ,legislature do? h]eby diss5t f1 & solemnly prote/ aga9/ ! annexation1 = any purpose1 to ?is ,union1 ( ,texas1 or ( any o!r t]ritory or di/rict ( c\ntry1 h]et(ore con/itut+ a "p ( ! dom9ions ( ,spa9 9 ,am]ica1 ly+ we/ or s\?-we/ ( ,l\isiana4 ,& be x fur!r ,resolv$1 by ! ,au?ority a=esaid1 ,t ! ,gov]nor ( ?is ,/ate be reque/$ to transmit a copy ( ! =ego+ preamble & resolve1 "u ! great seal ( ?is /ate1 to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 also1 t he transmit "o copy !re(1 au!nticat$ 9 mann] a=esaid1 to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) ! respectful reque/ ( ?is ,legislature1 t ! same may be laid be=e ! ,s5ate2 also1 t he transmit "o copy !re( to ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 au!nticat$ 9 l mann]1 ) ! respectful reque/ ( ?is ,legislature1 t ! same may be laid be=e ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 & also1 t he transmit to ea* ( our ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 "o copy !re(1 toge!r ) ! ,report adopt$ by ?is ,legislature1 & :i* accompanies said preamble & resolves4 ,pass$ ne>ly if n q unanim\sly1 ,april #b1 #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 #f4 ,,connecticut4 ,resolv$1 ,t we1 ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 9 ,g5]al ,assembly conv5$1 d1 9 ! "n ( ! p ( ?is ,/ate1 solemnly prote/ aga9/ ! annexation ( ,texas to ?is ,union4 ,pass$1 x is believ$1 unanim\sly 9 bo? h\ses4 99 99 99 99 99 7,^? :i* foll[ 7 pass$ by b "o bran* ( ! respective ,legislatures 9 :i* !y 7 introduc$47 #g4 ,,p5nsylvania4 ,resolutions relative to ! admission ( ,texas into ! ,union4 ,:]eas ! annexation ( ,texas to ! ,unit$ ,/ates has be5 advocat$ & /rongly urg$ by _m ( our fell[-citiz5s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! s\!rn "p ( our c\ntry1 & ! presid5t ( ,texas has receiv$ au?ority to op5 a correspond5ce )1 & appo9t1 a commission] to our gov]nm5t to accompli% ! object2--,& :]eas su* a measure w\ld br+ to u a dang]\s ext5sion ( t]ritory1 ) a population g5]ally n desirable1 & w\ld probably involve u 9 w>2--,& :]eas ! subject is n[ press$ ^u & agitat$ 9 ,congress2 !re=e1 ,resolv$1 c1 ,t our ,s5ators 9 ,congress be in/ruct$1 & our ,repres5tatives reque/$1 to use _! influ5ce & vote aga9/ ! annexation ( ,texas to ! t]ritory ( ! unit$ ,/ates4 ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,gov]nor transmit to ea* ( our ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives a copy ( ! =ego+ preamble & resolutions4 ,pass$ ! ,s5ate ,m>* #i1 #ahce1 by #bb to #f4 ,po/pon$ indef9itely 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ,april #ac1 by #da to #ci4 99 99 99 99 99 #h4 ,,ma9e4 ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,legislature ( ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e1 on behalf ( ! p ( said /ate1 d e>ne/ly & solemnly prote/ aga9/ ! annexation ( ! ,republic ( ,texas to ^! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & t our ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress be1 & !y h]eby are1 reque/$ to ex]t _! utmo/ influ5ce to prev5t ! adoption ( a measure at once s cle>ly uncon/itutional1 & s directly calculat$ to di/urb our =eign relations1 to de/roy our dome/ic peace1 & to dismemb] our bless$ ,union4 ,pass$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ,m>* #bb1 #ahch1 by #he to #cj4 ,s5ate 7same day7 refus$ to concur by #aa to #aj4 99 99 99 99 99 #i4 ,,new-,,york4 ,resolv$1 7if ! ,s5ate concur17 ,t ! admission ( ! ,republic ( ,texas into ?is ,union w\ld be entirely repugnant to ! w ( ! p ( ?is /ate1 & w\ld endang] ! union ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,resolv$1 7if ! ,s5ate concur17 ,t ?is ,legislature d1 9 ! "n ( ! p ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 solemnly prote/ aga9/ ! admission ( ! ,republic ( ,texas into ?is ,union4 ,resolv$1 7if ! ,s5ate concur47 ,t 8 ,excell5cy ! ,gov]nor be reque/$ to transmit a copy ( ! =ego+ resolutions to ea* ( our ,s5ators & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 & also to ! gov]nors ( ea* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) a reque/ t ! same be laid be=e _! respective ,legislatures4 ,^! resolutions pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 9 ,april1 by a l>ge majority--! newspap]s say1 #hc to #ac4 ,!y 7 indef9itely po/pon$ 9 ! ,s5ate1 by a vote ( #ba to #i4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,app5dix ,g4 ,! numb] ( petition]s = abolition 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & on o!r subjects alli$ to x1 h be5 asc]ta9$ 79 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives7 to be z foll[s3-- ,m54 ,wom54 ,total4 ,= abolition 9 ! ,di/rict1 #ea1cff #gh1hhb #acj1bdh ,aga9/ ! annexation ( ,texas1 #ajd1igc #gg1dai #ahb1cib ,resc9d+ ! gag resolution1 #ba1jae #aj1hba #ca1hcf ,aga9/ admitt+ any new slave /ate1 #aa1ggj #aj1cia #bb1afa ,= abolition ( ! slave-trade betwe5 ! /ates1 #aa1hfd #aa1eda #bc1dje ,= abolition ( slav]y 9 ! t]ritories1 #i1abi #ab1jhc #ba1bab ,at ! extra session = resc9d+ ! gag resolution ( ,jan4 #ba1 #ahcg1 #c1cgg #c1cgg ---------------------------- ,total1 #bac1did #bja1acg #dad1fca ,! numb] 9 ! ,s5ate1 :]e "s difficulty 0 int]pos$ t prev5t$ its be+ tak51 is e/imat$ to h be5 ab\t two-?irds z great z t 9 ! ,h\se4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,app5dix ,h4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,decemb]1 "o ( ! secret>ies ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society address$ a note to ea* ( ! ,gov]nors ( ! slave /ates1 9 :i* he in=m$ !m1 9 c\rte\s & respectful t]ms1 t he _h direct$ ! ,publi%+ ,ag5t ( ?is society1 !reaft] regul>ly to transmit to !m1 free ( *>ge1 ! p]iodical publications issu$ f ! (fice ( ! society4 ,to ?is (f] ! foll[+ replies 7 receiv$3-- ,,gov]nor ,,campbell',s ,,lett]4 ,,james ,g4 ,,birney1 ,esq41 ,new ,york ,,ri*mond1 ,dec4 #d1 #ahcg4 ,,sir1--,i receiv$1 by ye/]day's mail1 y\r lett] ( ! #a/ in/ant1 9 :i* y /ate t y _h direct$ ! publi%+ ag5t ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 h]eaft]1 regul>ly to transmit1 free ( *>ge1 by mail1 to all ! gov]nors ( ! slave /ates1 ! p]iodical publications issu$ f t (fice4 ,reg>d+ y\r society z highly mis*iev\s1 ,i decl9e receiv+ any communications f x1 & mu/ reque/ t no publications f y\r (fice be transmitt$ to me4 ,i am1 c1 ,,david ,,campbell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gov]nor ,,bagby',s ,,lett]4 ,,tuscaloosa1 ,jan4 #f1 #ahch ,,sir1--,i receiv$1 by due c\rse ( mail1 y\r favor ( ! #a/ ( ,decemb]1 in=m+ me t y _h direct$ ! publi%+ ag5t ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society to =w>d to ! gov]nors ( ! slavehold+ /ates ! p]iodicals issu$ f t (fice4 ,tak+ x = grant$1 t ! only object :i* ! society or y\rself c\ld h 9 view1 9 adopt+ ?is c\rse1 is1 ! dissem9ation ( ! op9ions & pr9ciples ( ! society--hav+ made up my own op9ion1 unalt]ably1 9 relation to ! :ole "q ( slav]y1 z x exi/s 9 a portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & feel+ confid5t t1 9 ! correctness ( ?is op9ion1 ,i am su/a9$ by ! entire free :ite population ( ,alabama1 z well z ! great body ( ! p ( ?is ,union1 ,i mu/1 ) ! greate/ respect = y\rself1 p]sonally b n = ! op9ions or pr9ciples advocat$ by ! society--positively decl9e receiv+ said publications1 or any o!rs ( a simil> "*1 ei!r p]sonally or (ficially4 ,inde$1 x is presum+ a little too mu*1 to expect t ! *ief magi/rate ( a free p1 elect$ by !mselves1 w\ld hold correspond5ce or give curr5cy to ! publications ( an organiz$ society1 op5ly engag$ 9 a s*eme fraught ) m mis*iev\s consequ5ces to _! int]e/ & repose1 ?an any t ! wit or folly ( mank9d has h]et(ore devis$4 ,i am1 v respectfully1 ,y\r ob't s]vant1 ,a4,p4 ,,bagby ,,james ,g4 ,,birney1 ,esq41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gov]nor ,,cannon',s ,,lett]4 ,?is lett] requir$ s _m alt]ations to br+ x up to ! ord9>y /&>d ( epi/ol>y1 grammatical1 & or?ographical accuracy1 t x is ?\ght be/ to give x 9 ^w & lett]1 precisely z x 0 receiv$ at ! (fice4 ,,executive ,,dept4-- ,,na%ville4 ,dec4 #ab?1 #ahcg4 ,sir ,i h rec'd y\rs ( ! #a/ ,in/ notify+ me1 t y _h direct$1 y\r p]iodical publications1 on ! subject ( ,slav]y to be s5t to me free ( *>ge c--& y are correct1 if s9c]e1 9 y\r views1 9 suppos+ t we widely diff]1 on ?is subject1 we d inde$ widely diff]1 on x1 if ! publications said to h emanat$ f y1 are hone/ & s9c]e1 :i*1 ,i admit1 is possible4 ,my op9ions are fix'd & settl$1 & ,i seldom ,look into or exam9e1 !1 diff]5t vague notions ( o!rs :o write & !orise on t subject4 ,h5ce ,i tru/ y w n expect me to exam9e1 :at y h pr9t$ on ?is subject1 or cause to h pr9t$4 ,if y or any o!r man are influ5c$ by feel+s ( humanity1 & are labor+ to relieve ! suff]+s1 ( ! human race1 y may f9d objects en\gh imm$iately ar\nd y1 :]e y are1 9 any nonslavehold+ ,/ate1 to engage y\r1 att5tion1 & all y\r ex]tions1 9 t good cause4 ,b if y\r aim is to make a fl\ri% on ! subject1 be=e ! _w1 & to ga9 y\rself "s notoriety1 or di/9ction1 )\t1 do+ good to any1 & evil to _m1 ( ! human race1 y are1 pursu+ ! c\rse calculat$ to effect4 ,su* an object1 9 :i* no hone/ man ne$ envy4 ,y\r hon\rs1 ?us ga9d1 ,i "k !re are _m su* 9 our c\ntry1 b w\ld fa9 hope1 y are n "o ( !m4 ,if y h ,liv$1 z y /ate =ty ye>s 9 a ,slave hold+ ,/ate1 y "k t1 t class ( its population1 are n ! mo/1 mis]able1 degrad$1 or unhappy1 ei!r 9 _! feel+s or habits1 ,y "k !y are g5]ally gov]nd1 & provid$ = by m5 ( in=mation & und]/&+ suffici5t to gu>d !m aga9/ ! mo/1 odi\s vices1 & hibets ( ! c\ntry1 f :i*1 y "k ! slaves are 9 a f> great] degree1 exempt ?an1 are o!r portions ( ! population4 ,t ! slaves are ! mo/ happy1 moral & cont5t$ g5]ally1 & free f suff]+ ( any k9d1 hav+1 ea* full confid5ce1 9 8 ma/]s1 skill means & disposition to provide well = him1 kn[+ also at ! same "t t x is 8 int]e/ to d x4 ,h5ce 9 ?is ,/ate ( ,society m ?an any o!r1 ,sup]ior intellig5ce has ! asc5d5cy1 9 gov]n+ & provide+1 = ! wants ( ^? inf]ior1 also 9 give+ direction to _! ,lab\r1 & indu/ry1 z %\ld be ! case1 sup]ior intellig5ce ,%\ld gov]n1 :5 unit$ ) ,virtue1 & int]e/1 t great pr$om9at+ pr9ciple 9 all human affairs4 ,x is my rule ( ,life1 :5 ,i see any man lab\r+ to produce effects1 at a di/ance f him1 :ile neglect+ ! objects imm$iately ar\nd him1 79 do+ good7 to suspect 8 s9c]ity1 to suspect him = "s selfi%1 or s9i/] motive1 all is n gold t glitt]s1 & e man is n :at he1 endeav\rs to appe> to be1 is too well kn[n4 ,x is ! duty ( ma/]s to take c>e ( !re slaves & provide = !m1 & ?is duty ,i believe is z g5]ally & z fully complyd ) z any o!r duty enjo9d on ! human family1 = next to _! *ildr5 _! own (fspr+1 _! slaves /& next =emo/ 9 _! c>e & att5tion1 !re are inde$ v few in/ances ( a contr>y "*4 ,y c f9d ar\nd y1 ,i d\bt n a l>ge numb] ( p]sons intemix'd1 9 y\r society1 :o are entirely de/itute ( t c>e1 & att5tion1 t[>ds !m t is enjoy$ by our slaves1 & :o are de/itute ( t deep feel+ ( int]e/1 9 gu>d+ _! morals & habits1 & direct+ !m ?r\gh ,life 9 all ?+s1 :i* is "h enjoyd by our slaves1 to ^? let y\r ef=ts be direct$ imm$iately ar\nd y & d n tr\ble ) y\r vague speculations ^? :o are cont5t$ & happy1 at a di/ance f y4 ,v respectfully y\rs1 ,n4 ,,cannon4 ,mr4 ,,jas4 ,g4 ,,birney1 ,cor4 ,sec4 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! lett] ( ! ,secret>y to ! gov]nor ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a 0 n answ]$1 b 0 s inv]t$ & fold$ z to pres5t ! subscrib$ "n ( ! secret>y1 z ! sup]scription ( ! same lett] to be return$4 ,! addition ( ,new ,york to ! address br\ght x back to ?is (fice4 ,:il/ gov]nor ,butl] 0 ?us refus+ ! in=mation t 0 pr(f]$ to him 9 ! mo/ respectful t]ms f ?is (fice1 he 0 engag$ 9 ano!r affair1 hav+ connection ) ! anti-slav]y movem5t1 z indiscreet1 z x 0 unbecom+ ! dignity ( ! (fice he holds4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( x is f "o ( ! ,bo/on pap]s3-- ,hoax+ a ,gov]nor4--,! ,national ,aegis says1 t ,hollis ,p>k]1 :o 0 s5t5c$ to ! /ate prison at ! late t]m ( ! crim9al c\rt = ,worce/] c\nty1 = endeavor+ to extort money f gov]nor ,ev]ett1 _h op5$ an ext5sive correspond5ce1 previ\s to 8 arre/1 ) simil> int5t1 ) o!r di/+ui%$ m5 ( ! c\ntry4 ,besides sev]al individuals 9 ,new ,york1 gov]nor ,butl]1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 0 honor$ ) 8 notice4 ,a lett] f t g5tleman1 direct$ to ,p>k]1 0 lately receiv$ at ! po/ (fice 9 a t[n ne> ,worce/]1 enclos+ a *eck = fifty doll>s4 ,s f> z ! "* ( ,p>k]'s lett] c be inf]r$ f ! reply ( gov]nor ,butl]1 x w\ld appe>1 t ,p>k] in=m$ ! gov]nor1 t ! design 0 ent]ta9$ by "s ( our citiz5s1 ( transmitt+ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a a quantity ( 'inc5di>y publications1' & t ) ! aid ( a little money1 he 7,p>k]7 w\ld be able to unravel ! plot1 & furni% full in=mation conc]n+ x to 8 excell5cy4 ,! bait took1 & ! money 0 =w>d$1 ) e>ne/ appeals to ,p>k] to be vigilant & active 9 ?or\ghly inve/igat+ ! suppos$ conspiracy aga9/ ! peace & happ9ess ( ! ,s\?4 ,! ,aegis has ! foll[+ v j rem>ks t\*+ ?is case3--',gov]nor ,butl] belongs to a /ate l\d 9 its pr(essions ( reg>d = /ate rights & /ate sov]eignty4 ,we1 also1 are s9c]e advocates ( t good old republican doctr9e4 ,x /rikes u1 t x w\ld h comport$ bett] ) ! _s ( t doctr9e1 ! dignity1 ( 8 own /ation & "*1 ! respect & c\rtesy due to a sov]eign & indep5d5t /ate1 if gov]nor ,butl] _h made ! prop] repres5tation1 if ! subject 0 des]v+ ( su* notice1 to ! ackn[l$g$ head & con/itut$ au?orities ( t /ate1 in/ead ( hold+ (ficial correspond5ce ) a citiz5 ( a =eign jurisdiction1 & employ+ a secret ag5t & in=m]1 ^: v (f] ( su* s]vice 0 pro( ( ! base & irresponsible "* ( him :o made x4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gov]nor ,,conway',s ,,lett]4 ,,executive ,,dep>tm5t1 ,,little ,,rock1 ,,arkansas1 ,m>* #a1 #ahch4 ,sir--,a newspap]1 head$ ',! ,emancipator1' 9 :i* y are ann\nc$ ! 'publi%+ ag5t1' has1 = "s weeks pa/1 arriv$ at ! po/ (fice 9 ?is city1 to my address4 ,n hav+ subscrib$1 or au?oriz$ any individual to give my "n z a subscrib]1 = t or any su* pap]1 x is entirely gratuit\s on ! "p ( its publi%]s to s5d me a copy2 & n hav+ a favorable op9ion ( ! int5tions ( ! au?ors & f\nd]s ( ! ',am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society2' ,i h to reque/ a discont9uance ( ',! ,emancipator4' ,y\r ob't s]vant1 ,j4,s4 ,,conway4 ,r4 ,g4 ,,williams1 ,esq41 ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,note4--,! foll[+ extract ( a lett]1 f ! late ,*ief ,ju/ice ,jay to ! late v5]able ,elias ,b\d9ot1 dat$ ,nov4 #ag1 #ahai1 might well h =m$ "p ( ,app5dix ,e4 ,its exi/5ce1 h[ev]1 0 n kn[n till x 0 too late to ins]t x 9 its mo/ appropriate place4 ,x %[s ! view tak5 ( "s ( ! con/itutional que/ions by a di/+ui%$ juri/1--"o ( ! pure/ patriots too1 by :om our e>ly hi/ory 0 illu/rat$4 ,little c be add$ to :at has be5 said & writt5 on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,i concur 9 ! op9ion1 t x ought n to be introduc$1 nor p]mitt$ 9 any ( ! new /ates2 & t x ought to be gradually dim9i%$1 & f9ally1 aboli%$1 9 all ( !m4 ,to me1 ! con/itutional au?ority ( ! ,congress to prohibit ! migration & importation ( slaves into any ( ! /ates1 does n appe> que/ionable4 ,! fir/ article ( ! ,con/itution specifics ! legislative p[]s committ$ to ,congress4 ,! n9? section ( t article has ^! words3--',! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! n[ exi/+ /ates %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress prior to ! ye> #ahjh--;b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4' ,i und]/& ! s5se & mean+ ( ?is clause to be1 ,t ! p[] ( ! ,congress1 al?\gh compet5t to prohibit su* migration & importation1 0 n to be ex]cis$ ) respect to ! ,,!n exi/+ /ates1 & !m only1 until ! ye> #ahjh2 b t ,congress 7 at lib]ty to make su* prohibition z to any new /ate :i* might 9 ! meantime be e/abli%$4 ,& fur!r1 t f & aft] t p]iod1 !y 7 au?oriz$ to make su* prohibition z to all ! /ates1 :e!r new or old4 ,slaves 7 ! p]sons int5d$4 ,! ^w slaves 0 avoid$1 on acc\nt ( ! exi/+ tol]ation ( slav]y1 & its discordancy ) ! pr9ciples ( ! ,revolution2 & f a consci\sness ( its be+ repugnant to ^? propositions to ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce3--',we hold ^! tru?s to be self-evid5t--t all m5 are creat$ equal--t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights--& t1 among ^!1 are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,,no4 #i4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lett] ,,( ,,g]rit ,,smi?1 ,,to ,,hon4 ,,h5ry ,,clay4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet4 ----- #ahci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is ,no4 conta9s #c-a_/b %eets4--,po/age1 "u #ajj miles1 #f cts4 ov] #ajj1 #aj cts4 ,please ,read & circulate4 ,,lett]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pet]boro1 ,,m>* #ba1 #ahci4 ,,hon4 ,,h5ry ,,clay3 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,9 ! ,annual ,meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,colonization ,society1 held 9 ! ,capitol 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton1 ,decemb]1 #ahce1 y comm5t$ on a spee* made by myself1 ! previ\s autumn4 ,y\r objections to t spee* =m$ ! pr9cipal subject matt] ( y\r rem>ks4 ,does n ?is fact some:at mitigate ! great presumption ( :i* ,i feel myself guilty1 9 und]tak+1 all unhonor$ & humble z ,i am1 to review ! production ( "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ /atesm5 ( ! age8 ,until ! appe>ance ( y\r celebrat$ spee* on ! subject ( slav]y1 ,i _h suppos$ t y *]i%$ a sacr$ reg>d = ! "r ( petition4 ,i n[ f9d1 t y value x no m highly ?an !y d1 :o make op5 w> ^u x4 ,inde$1 y admit1 t1 9 relation to ?is "r1 !re is no sub/antial diff]5ce betwe5 !m & y\rself4 ,in/ead ( rebuk+1 y complim5t !m2 &1 9 say+ t ! majority ( ! ,s5ate w\ld n violate ! "r ( petition 9 any case1 9 :i*1 accord+ to its judgm5t1 ! object ( ! petition c\ld be safely or prop]ly grant$1 y %[ to :at de/ructive conditions y subject ?is absolute "r4 ,y\r doctr9e is1 t 9 ^? cases1 :]e ! object ( ! petition is su*1 z ! supplicat$ p>ty c approve1 previ\sly to any discussion ( its m]its--!re1 & !re only1 exi/s ! "r ( petition4 ,= aught ,i see1 y are no m to be reg>d$ z ! fri5d ( ?is "r1 ?an is ! conspicu\s g5tleman,a :o fram$ ! ,report on t subject1 :i* 0 pres5t$ to ! ,s5ate ( my /ate ! la/ mon?4 ,t g5tleman admits ! sacr$ness ( ! "r to petition on any subject2 & yet1 9 ! same brea?1 he insi/s on ! equal sacr$ness ( ! "r to refuse to att5d to a petition4 ,he manife/ly fail$ to be> 9 m9d1 t a "r to petition implies ! correlative "r to be he>d4 ,h[ diff]5t are ! /atesm51 :o insi/ on ! "r to refuse to att5d to a petition1 f ,him1 :o says1 ,:oso /oppe? 8 e>s at ! cry ( ! poor1 he also %all cry himself1 b %all n be he>d4 ,& :o are poor1 if x be n ^? = :om ! abolitioni/s cry8 ,!y mu/ ev5 cry by proxy4 ,=1 9 ! language ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 ! *ampion ( ! "r ( petition1 ,! slave is n p]mitt$ to cry = m]cy--to plead = p>don--to utt] ! %riek ( p]i%+ nature = relief4 ,x may be well to rem>k1 t ! error1 :i* ,i h po9t$ out 9 ! ,report 9 "q1 lies 9 ! premises ( ! pr9cipal argum5t ( t pap]2 & t ! correction ( ?is error is necess>ily att5d$ ) ! de/ruction ( ! premises1 & ) ! ov]?r[ ( ! argum5t1 :i* is built ^u !m4 ,footnote ,a3 ,colonel ,"y4 ,i surely ne$ n /op to v9dicate ! "r ( petition4 ,x is a natural "r--"o t human laws c gu>antee1 b c nei!r create nor de/roy4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact1 t ! ,am5dm5t to ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 :i* gu>antees ! "r ( petition1 0 oppos$ 9 ! ,congress ( #aghi z sup]flu\s4 ,x 0 argu$1 t ?is is a self-evid5t1 inali5able "r1 :i* ! p possess1 & t x w\ld nev] be call$ 9 "q4 ,:at a *ange 9 fifty ye>s6 ,y d5y ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% ! int]-/ate traffic 9 human be+s2 &1 inasmu* z y say1 t ! "r to regulate comm]ce ) =eign nations1 & among ! sev]al /ates1 does n include ! "r to prohibit & de/roy comm]ce2 &1 inasmu* z x is und]/ood1 t x 0 9 virtue ( ! "r to regulate comm]ce1 t ,congress enact$ laws to re/ra9 our p>ticipation 9 ! ,african slave trade1 y p]haps also d5y1 t ,congress _h ! p[] to enact su* laws4 ,! hi/ory ( ! times 9 :i* ! ,f$]al ,con/itution 0 fram$ & adopt$1 ju/ifies ! belief1 t ! clause ( t in/rum5t "u consid]ation conveys ! p[]1 :i* ,congress ex]cis$4 ,= in/ance1 ,gov]nor ,r&olph1 :5 speak+ 9 ! ,virg9ia ,conv5tion ( #aghh1 ( ! clause :i* decl>es1 t ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! /ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ,congress prior to ! ye> #ahjh1 said1 ,?is is an exception f ! p[] ( regulat+ comm]ce1 & ! re/riction is to cont9ue only till #ahjh4 ,!n ,congress c1 by ! ex]cise ( t p[]1 prev5t future importations4 ,7 ,i1 h[ev]1 to admit t ! "r to regulate comm]ce1 does n include ! "r to prohibit & de/roy comm]ce1 x nev]!less w\ld n foll[1 t ,congress might n prohibit or de/roy c]ta9 bran*es ( comm]ce4 ,x might ne$ to d s1 9 ord] to pres]ve our g5]al comm]ce ) a /ate or nation4 ,s l>ge a proportion ( ! clo?s ( ,turkey might be fraught ) ! contagion ( ! plague1 z to make x necess>y = our ,gov]nm5t to =bid ! importation ( all clo?s f t c\ntry1 & ?us totally de/roy "o bran* ( our comm]ce ) x1 to ! end t ! o!r bran*es might be pres]v$4 ,no inconsid]able evid5ce t ,congress has ! "r to prohibit or de/roy a bran* ( comm]ce1 is to be f\nd 9 ! fact1 t x has done s4 ,f ,m>*1 #agid1 to ,may1 #ahbj1 x enact$ sev]al laws1 :i* w5t to prohibit or de/roy1 &1 9 ! end1 did prohibit or de/roy ! trade ( ?is c\ntry ) ,africa 9 human be+s4 ,&1 if ,congress has ! p[] to pass emb>go laws1 has x n ! p[] to prohibit or de/roy comm]ce altoge!r8 ,x is1 h[ev]1 :olly immat]ial1 :e!r ,congress c\ld prohibit our p>ticipation 9 ! ,african slave trade1 9 virtue ( ! clause :i* emp[]s x to regulate comm]ce4 ,t ! ,con/itution does1 9 "s "o or m ( its passages1 convey ! p[]1 is manife/ f ! te/imony ( ! ,con/itution itself4 ,! fir/ clause ( ! n9? section says3 ,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons1 z any ( ! /ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress prior to !y ye> #ahjh4 ,n[ ! implication 9 ?is clause ( ! exi/5ce ( ! p[] 9 "q1 is z conclusive1 z w\ld be ! express & positive grant ( x4 ,y w obs]ve1 too1 t ! p[] ( ,congress ov] migration or importation1 :i* ?is clause implies1 is a p[] n m]ely to regulate1 z y def9e ! ^w1 b to prohibit4 ,x is cle>1 !n1 t ,congress _h ! p[] to int]dict our trade 9 human be+s ) ,africa4 ,b1 9 view ( :at has be5 said on t po9t--9 view ( ! language ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution--( ! proce$+s ( ! ,conv5tion1 :i* fram$ x--& ( ! cotempor>y public s5tim5t--is x any less cle>1 t ,congress has ! p[] to int]dict ! int]-/ate traffic 9 human be+s8 ,!re are "s1 :o ass]t t ! words migration & importation1 in/ead ( ref]r+1 z ,i ma9ta9 !y d--! =m] to ! removal ( slaves f /ate to /ate1 & ! latt] to _! introduction f ,africa--are us$ 9 ! ,con/itution z synonyms1 & ref] exclusively to ! ,african slave trade4 ,b !re is surely no gr\nd = ! imputation ( su* utt] tautology1 if we recollect t ! ,con/itution 0 writt5 by s*ol>s1 & t rem>kable pa9s 7 tak5 to cle> x ( all sup]flu\s words--a ,committee hav+ be5 appo9t$ = t special purpose4 ,b1 x may be ask$1 ,:y1 9 ref]5ce to ! tak+ ( slaves f "o /ate to ano!r1 use ! ^w migration1 :i* d5otes volunt>y removal8 ,"o answ] is--t x c be us$ ) z mu* propriety 9 t case1 z 9 ! removal ( slaves f ,africa--! removal 9 ! "o case be+ no less involunt>y ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,ano!r answ] is--t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution select$ ! ^w migration1 because ( its congruity ) t ( p]sons1 "u :i* _! virtu\s %ame s\ght to conceal f po/]ity ! exi/5ce ( sev5 hundr$ ?\s& slaves among/ a p1 :o _h b rec5tly ent]$ ^u _! national c>e]1 ) ! solemn decl>ation1 t all m5 are creat$ equal4 ,john ,jay1 ^: great celebrity is p>tly ow+ to 8 v able expositions ( ! ,con/itution1 says3 ,to me1 ! con/itutional au?ority ( ! ,congress to prohibit ! migration & importation ( slaves into any ( ! /ates1 does n appe> que/ionable4 ,if ! disjunctive betwe5 migration & importation 9 ! ,con/itution1 argues _! ref]5ce to ! same ?+1 ,mr4 ,jay's copulative argues m /rongly1 t1 9 8 judgm5t1 !y ref] to diff]5t ?+s4 ,! law ( ,congress con/itut+ ! ,t]ritory ( ,orleans1 0 enact$ 9 #ahjd4 ,x fully recognizes ! p[] ( t body to prohibit ! trade 9 slaves betwe5 a t]ritory & ! /ates4 ,b1 if ,congress _h ?is p[]1 :y _h x n z cle> a p[] to prohibit1 at t "t1 ! trade 9 slaves betwe5 any two ( ! /ates8 ,x might h prohibit$ x1 b = ! con/itutional susp5sion ( ! ex]cise ( ! p[]4 ,! t]m ( t susp5sion clos$1 h[ev]1 9 #ahjh2 &1 s9ce t ye>1 ,congress has _h z full p[] to aboli% ! :ole slave trade betwe5 ! /ates1 z x _h 9 #ahjd to aboli% ! l trade betwe5 ! ,t]ritory ( ,orleans & ! /ates4 ,b1 not)/&+ ! conclusive evid5ce1 t ! ,con/itution emp[]s ,congress to aboli% ! int]-/ate slave trade1 x is incompreh5sible to _m1 t su* /ates z ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& %\ld h cons5t$ to deprive !mselves ( ! b5efit ( sell+ _! slaves into o!r /ates4 ,x is incompreh5sible1 only because !y look ^u su* /ates 9 ! light ( _! pres5t "* & pres5t int]e/s4 ,x w no long] be s1 if !y w be> 9 m9d1 t slave labor 0 !n1 z x is n[1 unpr(itable = ord9>y agriculture1 & t ,:itney's cotton-g91 :i* gave great value to su* labor1 0 n yet inv5t$1 & t ! pur*ase ( ,l\isiana1 :i* has _h s great an effect to ext5d & p]petuate ! dom9ion ( slav]y1 0 n yet made4 ,x w no long] be incompreh5sible to !m1 if !y w recollect1 t1 at ! p]iod 9 "q1 ,am]ican slav]y 0 reg>d$ z a rapidly decay+1 if n already expir+ in/itution4 ,x w no long] be s1 if !y w recollect1 h[ small 0 ! price ( slaves !n1 comp>$ ) _! pres5t value2 & t1 dur+ ! t5 ye>s1 :i* foll[$ ! passage ( ! ,act ( ,virg9ia 9 #aghb1 legaliz+ manumissions1 h] citiz5s emancipat$ slaves to ! numb] ( ne>ly "o-tw5tie? ( ! :ole am\nt ( h] slaves 9 t ye>4 ,to le>n :e!r y\r native ,virg9ia clung 9 ! ye> #aghg to ! int]-/ate traffic 9 human fle%1 we mu/ take our po/ ( obs]vation1 n among/ h] deg5]ate sons1 :o1 9 #ahcf1 sold m51 wom51 & *ildr51 to ! am\nt ( tw5ty-f\r millions ( doll>s--n among/ h] ,presid5t ,dews1 :o write books 9 favor ( bre$+ human /ock = exportation--b among/ h] ,wa%+tons1 & ,jeff]sons1 & ,h5rys1 & ,masons1 :o1 at ! p]iod :5 ! ,con/itution 0 fram$1 freely express$ _! abhorr5ce ( slav]y4 ,b1 h[ev] confid5t y may be1 t ,congress has n ! lawful p[] to aboli% ! bran* ( comm]ce 9 "q2 nev]!less1 w\ld ! abolition ( x be s cle>ly & grossly uncon/itutional1 z to ju/ify ! contempt ) :i* ! num]\s petitions = ! measure are treat$1 & ! impea*m5t ( _! fidelity to ! ,con/itution1 & ( _! patriotism & purity1 :i* ! petition]s are made to endure8 ,i 0 ab\t to take x = grant$1 t1 al?\gh y d5y ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% ! int]-/ate traffic 9 human be+s1 y d n ju/ify ! traffic--:5 ,i recollect$ ! intimation 9 y\r spee*1 t !re is no su* traffic4 ,=1 :5 y speak ( ! slave trade betwe5 ! /ates1 & add--or1 z x is describ$ 9 abolition petitions1 ! traffic 9 human be+s betwe5 ! /ates--d y n intimate !re is no su* traffic8 ,:5ce ?is language8 ,d y n believe slaves are human be+s8 ,& d y n believe t !y suff] "u ! disruption ( ! de>e/ e>?ly ties1 z human be+s suff]8 ,i w n deta9 y to he> :at we ( ! ,nor? ?9k ( ?is int]nal slave trade4 ,b ,i w call y\r att5tion to :at is ?\ght ( x 9 y\r own ,k5tucky & 9 y\r native ,virg9ia4 ,says ! ,address ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,synod ( ,k5tucky to ! ,*ur*es 9 #ahce3--;,bro!rs & si/]s1 p>5ts & *ildr51 husb&s & wives1 are torn asund]1 & p]mitt$ to see ea* o!r no m4 ,^? acts are daily occurr+ 9 ! mid/ ( u4 ,! %rieks & ! agony (t5 witness$ on su* occasions1 proclaim ) a trumpet tongue ! iniquity & cruelty ( ! sy/em4 ,!re is n a neighborhood :]e ^! he>t-r5d+ sc5es are n display$4 ,!re is n a village or road t does n behold ! sad procession ( manacl$ outca/s1 ^: *a9s & m\rnful c\nt5ances tell t !y are exil$ by =ce f all t _! he>ts hold de>4 ,says ,?omas ,jeff]son ,r&olph1 9 ! ,virg9ia ,legislature 9 #ahcb1 :5 speak+ ( ?is trade3 ,x is a practice1 & an increas+ practice1 9 p>ts ( ,virg9ia1 to re> slaves = m>ket4 ,h[ c an hon\rable m9d1 a patriot1 & a lov] ( 8 c\ntry1 be> to see ?is anci5t dom9ion1 r5d]$ illu/ri\s by ! noble devotion & patriotism ( h] sons 9 ! cause ( lib]ty1 conv]t$ into "o gr& m5ag]ie1 :]e m5 are to be re>$ = ! m>ket l ox5 = ! %ambles4 ,is x bett]--is x n worse ?an ! 7=eign7 slave trade--t trade :i* enli/$ ! labor ( ! good & wise ( e cre$ & e clime to aboli%8 ,! 7=eign7 trad] receives ! slave1 a /rang] 9 language1 aspect1 & mann]1 f ! m]*ant :o has br\ght him f ! int]ior4 ,! ties ( fa!r1 "m1 husb&1 & *ild1 h already be5 r5t 9 twa92 be=e he receives him1 8 s\l has become call\s4 ,b "h1 sir1 individuals :om ! ma/] has kn[n f infancy1 :om he has se5 sport+ 9 ! innoc5t gambols ( *ildhood--:o h be5 accu/om$ to look to him = protection1 he te>s f ! "m's arms1 & sells into a /range c\ntry--among /range p1 subject to cruel taskma/]s4 ,y are 9 favor ( increas+ ! numb] ( slave /ates4 ,! t]ms ( ! celebrat$ ,miss\ri compromise w>rant1 9 y\r judgm5t1 ! increase4 ,b1 not)/&+ y admit1 t ?is unholy compromise1 9 :i* tranquillity 0 pur*as$ at ! exp5se ( humanity & righte\sness1 does n 9 t]ms embrace ! case1 & is n absolutely b9d+ & obligatory2 y1 nev]!less1 make no attempt :atev] to d away any "o ( ! conclusive objections1 :i* are urg$ aga9/ su* increase4 ,y d n attempt to %[ h[ ! multiplication ( slave /ates c consi/ ) ! con/itutional duty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to gu>antee to e /ate 9 ! ,union a republican =m ( gov]nm5t1 any m ?an if x 7 p]fectly cle>1 t a gov]nm5t is republican "u :i* "o half ( ! p are lawfully engag$ 9 buy+ & sell+ ! o!r half2 or ?an if ! doctr9e t all m5 are creat$ equal 7 n ! fundam5tal & di/9ctive doctr9e ( a republican gov]nm5t4 ,y no m v9dicate ! proposition to enl>ge ! realm ( slav]y1 ?an if ! proposition 7 z obvi\sly 9 h>mony )1 z x is oppos$ to ! anti-slav]y t5or & policy ( ! ,con/itution--! rights ( man--& ! laws ( ,god4 ,y are p]haps ( ! numb] ( ^?1 :o1 believ+1 t a /ate c *ange its ,con/itution z x pleases1 deem x futile 9 ,congress to require1 t ,/ates1 on ent]+ ! ,union1 %all h anti-slav]y ,con/itutions4 ,! ,fram]s ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution d\btless =esaw ! possibility ( trea*]y1 on ! "p ( ! new ,/ates1 9 ! matt] ( slav]y3 & ! re/riction 9 t in/rum5t to ! old ,/ates--! ,/ates n[ exi/+--( ! "r to p>ticipate 9 ! int]nal & ,african slave trade may be ascrib$ to ! motive ( dim9i%+1 if n inde$ ( entirely prev5t+1 temptation to su* trea*]y4 ,! ,ord9ance conc]n+ ! ,nor?-we/ ,t]ritory1 pass$ by ! ,congress ( #aghg1 & ratifi$ by ! ,congress ( #agij1 %[s1 s f> z ^? bodies c be reg>d$ z correct int]pret]s ( ! ,con/itution :i* 0 fram$ 9 #aghg1 & adopt$ 9 #aghi1 t slav]y 0 n to h a con/itutional exi/5ce 9 ! new ,/ates4 ,! ,ord9ance cont9ues ! privilege ( recaptur+ fugitive slaves 9 ! ,nor?-we/ ,t]ritory to ! exi/+ ,/ates4 ,slaves 9 t t]ritory1 to be ! subjects ( lawful recapture1 mu/ 9 ! language ( ! ,ord9ance1 owe lab\r or s]vice 9 "o ( ! orig9al ,/ates4 ,i close :at ,i h to say on ?is topic1 ) ! rem>k1 t 7 x admitt$1 t ! reasons = ! increase ( ! numb] ( slave ,/ates are s\nd & satisfactory1 x nev]!less w\ld n foll[1 t ! moral & con/itutional wrong ( prev5t+ t increase is s palpable1 z to ju/ify ! scorn & insult1 :i* are heap$ by ,congress ^u ?is hundr$ ?\s& petition]s = ?is measure4 ,x has hi!rto be5 suppos$1 t y di/9ctly & fully admitt$ ! ,con/itutional p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,b1 on ?is po9t1 z on t ( ! "r ( petition1 y h = reasons kn[n to y\rself1 sudd5ly & greatly *ang$ y\r tone4 ,:il/ y\r spee* argues1 at no small l5g?1 t ,congress has n ! "r to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 all t x says 9 favor ( ! ,con/itutional p[] to aboli% x1 is t ! language 7( ! ,con/itution7 may possibly be suffici5tly compreh5sive to include a p[] ( abolition4 ,fa9t praise dams2 & y\r v reluctant & qualifi$ concession ( ! ,con/itutional p[] "u consid]ation1 is to be con/ru$1 r z a d5ial ?an a concession4 ,until ,i acquire ! skill ( mak+ :ite :it]1 & black black]1 ,i %all h no?+ to say 9 pro( ( ! ,con/itutional p[] ( ,congress ov] slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 beyond ref]r+ to ! t]ms1 9 :i* ! ,con/itution s pla9ly conveys ?is p[]4 ,t in/rum5t au?orises ,congress to ex]cise exclusive legislation 9 all cases :atsoev] ov] su* ,di/rict4 ,if ^! words d n conf] ! p[]1 x is manife/ t no words c\ld conf] x4 ,i w add t1 nev]1 until ! la/ few ye>s1 _h d\bts be5 express$1 t ^! words d fully conf] t p[]4 ,y w1 p]haps1 say1 t ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& made _! cessions ( ! t]ritory1 :i* con/itutes ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ) res]vations on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,we answ]1 t none 7 express$2,a & t if !re _h be51 ,congress w\ld n1 & 9 view ( ! language ( ! ,con/itution1 c\ld n1 h accept$ ! cessions4 ,y may !n say1 t !y w\ld n h c$$ ! t]ritory1 _h x occurr$ to !m1 t ,congress w\ld h cle>$ x ( slav]y2 & t1 ?is be+ ! fact1 ,congress c\ld n ?us cle> x1 )\t be+ guilty ( bad fai?1 & ( an ung5]\s & unju/ifiable surprise on ^? ,/ates4 ,!re are sev]al reasons = believ+1 t ^? ,/ates1 n only did n1 at ! p]iod 9 "q1 *]i% a dread ( ! abolition ( slav]y2 b t ! public s5tim5t )9 !m 0 decid$ly 9 favor ( its spe$y abolition4 ,at t p]iod1 _! mo/ di/+ui%$ /atesm5 7 trumpet-tongu$ aga9/ slav]y4 ,at t p]iod1 !re 0 bo? a ,virg9ia & a ,m>yl& society = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y2 &1 x 0 !n1 t1 ) ! entire cons5t ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 effectual measures 7 adopt$ to preclude slav]y f t l>ge t]ritory1 :i* has s9ce giv5 ,ohio & sev]al o!r ,/ates to ! ,union4 ,on ?is subject1 z on t ( ! int]-/ate slave trade1 we mis9t]pret ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 by n consid]+1 h[ unlike 0 _! temp] 9 relation to slav]y1 amid/ ! decays & dy+ ?roes ( t in/itution half a c5tury ago1 to :at x is n[1 :5 slav]y is n only revivifi$1 b has become ! pr$om9ant int]e/ & giant p[] ( ! nation4 ,we =get1 t our :ole c\ntry 01 at t "t1 smitt5 ) love = ! holy cause ( imp>tial & univ]sal lib]ty4 ,to judge correctly ( ! view1 :i* our ,revolution>y fa!rs took ( oppression1 we mu/ g back & /& by _! side1 9 _! /ruggles aga9/ x1--we mu/ survey !m ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! anti-slav]y s5tim5t ( _! own times1 & n impute to !m ! pro-slav]y _s s rampant 9 ours4 ,footnote ,a3 ,!re is a proviso 9 ! ,act ( ,virg9ia4 ,x 0 on ?is1 t ?ree ye>s ago1 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,b5jam9 ,watk9s ,leigh built 8 argum5t aga9/ ! con/itutional p[] ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,i well rememb] t y !n d5i$ ! s\ndness ( 8 argum5t4 ,?is sup]flu\s proviso virtually =bids ,congress to pass laws1 :i* %all affect ! rights ( individuals 9 ! c$$ t]ritory4 ,among/ ! inviolable rights 0 t ( hold+ slaves1 z ,mr4 ,leigh cont5d$4 ,i regret1 t1 9 reply+ to him1 y did n make use ( ! fact1 t all ! memb]s ( ,congress f ,virg9ia vot$ 9 favor ( ! ,ord9ance1 :i* aboli%$ slav]y 9 ! ,nor?-,we/ ,t]ritory2 & ?is too1 not)/&+1 t1 9 ! ,act ( #aghd1 by :i* %e c$$ ! ,nor?-,we/ ,t]ritory to ! ,conf$]acy1 %e provid$1 t ! citiz5s ( ,virg9ia 9 ! said ,t]ritory1 _m ( :om held slaves1 %\ld be protect$ 9 ! enjoym5t ( _! rights4 ,?is fact furni%es /rik+ evid5ce t at1 or ab\t1 ! "t ( ! cession by ,virg9ia ( h] portion ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 h] /atesm5 believ$1 t ! "r to hold slaves 9 ^? portions ( our c\ntry "u ! exclusive jurisdiction ( ,congress1 0 n beyond ! rea* ( ! controll+ p[] ( ,congress4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 suppose x true1 t ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& w\ld n h made ! cessions 9 "q1 _h !y =ese51 t ,congress w\ld aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia3--& yet1 ,i affirm1 t x w\ld be ! duty ( ,congress to aboli% x4 ,_h !re be5 ,/ate ,prisons 9 ! t]ritory1 at ! "t ,congress acquir$ jurisdiction ov] x1 & _h ,congress imm$iately op5$ _! doors1 & turn$ loose hundr$s ( deprav$ & bloody crim9als1 !re w\ld inde$ h be5 abundant occasion = compla9t4 ,b1 _h ! ex]cise ( its p[] 9 ! premises ext5d$ no f>!r ?an to ! lib]ation ( su* convicts1 z1 on a re-exam9ation ( _! cases1 7 f\nd to be cle>ly guiltless ( ! crimes *>g$ ^u !m2 ! /]ne/ ju/ice c\ld n h object$ to su* an occasion = ! rejoic+ ( m]cy4 ,& are n ! ?\s&s 9 ! ,di/rict1 = ^: lib]ation ,congress is bes\ght1 unju/ly depriv$ ( _! lib]ty8 ,n only are !y guiltless1 b !y are ev5 unaccus$ ( su* crimes1 z 9 ! judgm5t ( any1 ju/ly "w a =feiture ( lib]ty4 ,& :at d ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& ask8 ,is x1 t ,congress %all resubject to _! control ^? ?\s&s ( deeply wrong$ m58 ,no--= ?is ,congress _c d4 ,!y ask1 t ,congress %all fulfil ! tyrant wi%es ( ^! ,/ates4 ,!y ask1 t ! :ole p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--^? :o hate1 z well z ^? :o love slav]y1 %all1 by _! repres5tatives1 assume ! guilty & awful responsibility ( p]petuat+ ! enslavem5t ( _! innoc5t fell[ m53--( *a9+ ! bodies & cru%+ ! wills1 & blott+ out ! m9ds ( su*1 z h nei!r transgress$1 nor ev5 be5 accus$ ( hav+ transgress$1 a s+le human law4 ,& ! crime1 :i* ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 & !y1 :o sympa?ise ) !m1 w\ld h ! nation p]petrate1 is1 n simply t ( prolong+ ! captivity ( ^?1 :o 7 slaves be=e ! cession--= b a h&ful ( !m are n[ rema9+ 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,mo/ ( ! pres5t numb] became slaves "u ! au?ority ( ?is guilty nation4 ,_! wrongs orig9at$ ) ,congress3 & ,congress is ask$1 n only to p]petuate _! oppression1 b to fa/5 ! yoke ( slav]y on g5]ations yet unborn4 ,!re are ^?1 :o advocate ! recession ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,if ! nation 7 to cons5t to ?is1 )\t hav+ previ\sly ex]cis$ h] p[] to break e yoke ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 ! blood ( ^? s cruelly left !re 9 ! h\se ( bondage1 w\ld rema9 indelible & damn+ ^u h] skirts3--& ?is too1 :e!r ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& did or did n int5d to ve/ ,congress ) any p[] ov] slav]y4 ,x is en\gh1 t ! nation has ! p[] to deliv] !m t are drawn unto dea?1 & ^? t are ready to be sla91 to make h] fe>fully guilty be=e ,god1 if %e =be> to ex]cise x4 ,suppose1 ,i 7 to obta9 a lease ( my neighbor's b>n = ! s+le & express purpose ( secur+ my crops2 & t ,i %\ld f9d1 *a9$ up 9 "o ( its d>k corn]s1 an innoc5t fell[ man1 :om t neighbor 0 subject+ to ! process ( a l+]+ dea?2 ought ,i to pause & recall ,presid5t ,wayl&'s1 ,limitations ( ,human ,responsibility1 & f9ally let ! poor suff]] rema9 9 8 *a9s2 or ought ,i n r1 promptly to respond to ! laws ( my nature & my nature's ,god1 & let him g free8 ,b1 to make ?is case analog\s to t we h be5 consid]+--to t1 :i* imposes its claims on ,congress--we mu/ /rike out entirely ! condition ( ! lease1 & ) x all possible d\bts ( my "r to release ! victim ( my neighbor's murd]\s hate4 ,i am entirely will+ to yield1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 :5 c$+ ! t]ritory :i* con/itutes ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 did n anticipate1 & did n *oose ! abolition ( slav]y 9 x4 ,to make ! admission /rong]1 ,i w all[1 t ^! ,/ates 71 at ! "t ( ! cession1 z w>mly oppos$ to ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict z !y are said to be n[3 & to make x /rong] /ill1 ,i w all[1 t ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict w\ld prove deeply injuri\s1 n only to ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& b to ! nation at l>ge4 ,&1 aft] all ^! admissions1 ,i mu/ /ill insi/1 t ,congress is "u p]fectly pla9 moral obligation to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,!y1 :o are det]r$ f favor+ ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict by ! appreh5sion1 t ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 if n1 inde$1 ! nation at l>ge1 might suff] injuri\s consequ5ces f ! measure1 ov]look ! fact1 t !re is a ?ird p>ty 9 ! case4 ,x is common to reg>d ! nation z con/itut+ "o ( ! p>ties--,virg9ia & ,m>yl& ano!r1 & ! only o!r4 ,b 9 po9t ( fact1 !re is a ?ird p>ty4 ,( :at does x consi/8 ,( horses1 ox51 & o!r brutes8 ,!n we ne$ n be greatly conc]n$ ab\t x--s9ce its rights 9 t case1 w\ld be obvi\sly subord9ate to ^? ( ! o!r p>ties4 ,aga91 if su* be ! composition ( ?is ?ird p>ty1 we are n to be greatly tr\bl$1 t ,presid5t ,wayl& & ?\s&s ( o!rs entirely ov]look its rights & int]e/s2 ?\gh !y ought to be some:at m9dful ev5 ( brutes4 ,b1 ?is ?ird p>ty is compos$1 n ( brutes--b ( m5--( ! sev5 ?\s& m5 9 ! ,di/rict1 :o h fall5 "u ! iron ho(s ( slav]y--& :o1 because !y are m51 h rights equal to1 & z sacr$ z ! rights ( any o!r m5--rights1 moreov]1 :i* _c be innoc5tly encroa*$ on1 ev5 to ! bread? ( "o hair1 :e!r "u ! plea ( /ate necessity--( ! p]ils ( emancipation--or "u any o!r plea1 :i* consci5ce-smitt5 & c[>dly tyranny c sugge/4 ,if ^! l9es %all ev] be s favor$1 z to fall "u ! eye ( ! v5]able & belov$ ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 ,i beg1 t1 :5 he %all h read !m1 he w solemnly inquire ( 8 he>t1 :e!r1 if he %\ld ev] be left to vote aga9/ ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & ?us /ab deeply ! cause ( civil lib]ty1 ( humanity1 & ( ,god2 ! guilty act w\ld n result f ov]look+ ! rights & int]e/s1 & ev5 ! exi/5ce itself1 ( a ?ird p>ty 9 ! case--& f consid]+ ! claims ( ! nation & ^? ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 z ! only claims on :i* he 0 call$ to pass1 because !y 7 ! claims ( ! only p>ties1 ( :i* he 0 aw>e4 ,y admit t ! fir/ duty ( ,congress 9 relation to ! ,di/rict1 ( ,columbia1 is to r5d] x available1 com=table1 & conv5i5t z a seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! :ole ,union4 ,i ?ank y = an admission1 :i* c be us$1 ) great effect1 aga9/ ! _m1 :o ma9ta91 t ,congress is z mu* b\nd to consult ! int]e/s & wi%es ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict1 & be gov]n$ by !m1 z a ,/ate ,legislature is to /udy & s]ve ! int]e/s & wi%es ( its con/itu5ts4 ,! inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict h tak5 up _! resid5ce 9 x1 aw>e1 t ! p>am\nt object ( ,congressional legislation is n _!1 b ! nation's advantage4 ,!y judge1 t _! disfran*isem5t & ! o!r disadvantages att5d+ _! resid5ce are m ?an balanc$ by _! favorable position = p>ticipat+ 9 ,gov]nm5tal patronage & o!r b5efits4 ,!y "k1 t !y h no bett] "r to compla91 t ! legislation ( ,congress is n dictat$ by a prim>y reg>d to _! int]e/s1 ?an has ! ,colonization ,society1 ( :i* y are ,presid5t1 to compla91 t ! ,capitol1 9 :i* x holds its annual meet+s1 is n con/ruct$ & fitt$ up 9 ! be/ possible mann] = su* occasions4 ,!y "k1 t to sacrifice ! design & ma9 object ( t build+ to its occasional & incid5tal uses1 w\ld be an absurdity no great] ?an w\ld ,congress be guilty ( 9 %ap+ its legislation to ! views ( ! ?irty ?\s& :ite inhabitants ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 at ! exp5se ( neglect+ ! w & int]e/s ( ! nation4 ,y feel1 t !re is no haz>d 9 y\r admission1 t ! p>am\nt object 9 relation to ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 is its suitabl5ess = a seat ( ,gov]nm5t1 s9ce y accompany t admission ) ! d5ial1 t ! pres5ce ( slav]y int]f]es ) su* suitabl5ess4 ,b is x n a matt] ( deep regret1 t ! place1 9 :i* our national laws are made--t ! place f :i* ! s5tim5t & fa%ion ( ! :ole c\ntry d]ive s mu* ( _! tone & direction--%\ld *]i% a sy/em1 :i* y h (t5 admitt$1 is at w> ) ! fir/ pr9ciples ( our religion & civil polity2,a & ! influ5ces ( :i* are no less p]vad+ & controll+ ?an corrupt+8 ,is x n a matt] ( deep regret1 t !y1 :om o!r gov]nm5ts s5d to our own1 & to :om1 on acc\nt ( _! sup]ior intellect & influ5ce1 x is our desire1 z x is our duty1 to comm5d our free in/itutions1 %\ld be oblig$ to le>n _! lessons ( practical republicanism amid/ ! monum5ts & abom9ations ( slav]y8 ,is x no objection to ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 z ! seat ( our ,gov]nm5t1 t slav]y1 :i* conc]ns ! political & moral int]e/s ( ! nation1 m ?an any o!r subject com+ )9 ! range ( legislation1 is n all[$ to be discuss$ !re--ei!r )9 or )\t ! ,halls ( ,congress8 ,x is "o ( ! doctr9es ( slav]y1 t slav]y %all n be discuss$4 ,"s ( its advocates are frank en\gh to av[1 z ! reason = ?is prohibition1 t slav]y _c be> to be discuss$4 ,9 y\r spee* be=e ! ,am]ican ,colonization ,society 9 #ahce1 to :i* ,i h ref]r$1 y di/9ctly take ! gr\nd1 t slav]y is a subject n op5 to g5]al discussion4 ,v f> am ,i f believ+1 t y w\ld employ1 or int5tionally c\nt5ance viol5ce1 to prev5t su* discussion4 ,nev]!less1 x is to ?is doctr9e ( non-discussion1 :i* y & o!rs put =?1 t ! ,nor? is indebt$ = h] pro-slav]y mobs1 & ! ,s\? = h] pro-slav]y ,lyn*+s4 ,! decl>ations ( su* m5 z ,h5ry ,clay & ,john ,c4 ,calh\n1 t slav]y is a "q n to be discuss$1 are a lic5se to mobs to burn up halls & break up abolition meet+s1 & de/roy abolition presses1 & murd] abolition editors4 ,_h su* m5 held ! opposite doctr9e1 & admitt$1 yea1 & insi/$1 z x 0 _! duty to d1 t e "q 9 morals & politics is a legitimate subject ( free discussion--! ,di/rict ( ,columbia w\ld be f> less objectionable1 z ! seat ( our ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 t case ! lam5t$ ,dr4 ,cr&all w\ld n h be5 seiz$ 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton on ! suspicion ( be+ an abolitioni/1 & ?r[n into prison1 & subject$ to di/resses ( m9d & body1 :i* result$ 9 8 premature dea?4 ,_h !re be5 no slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 ?is outrage w\ld n h be5 committ$2 & ! murd]s1 *>geable on ! bloodie/ ( all bloody in/itutions1 w\ld h be5 "o less ?an !y n[ are4 ,talk ( ! slavehold+ ,di/rict ( ,columbia be+ a suitable locality = ! seat ( our ,gov]nm5t6 ,:y1 ,sir1 a di/+ui%$ memb] ( ,congress 0 ?reat5$ !re ) an indictm5t = ! crime ( pres5t+1 or r ( propos+ to pres5t1 a petition to ! body ) :i* he 0 connect$6 ,inde$ ! occasion ( ! spee*1 on :i* ,i am n[ comm5t+1 0 ! impud5t prote/ ( inhabitants ( t ,di/rict aga9/ ! "r ( ! ,am]ican p to petition _! own ,congress1 9 relation to matt]s ( vital importance to ! seat ( _! own ,gov]nm5t6 ,i take occasion "h to admit1 t ,i h se5 b ref]5ces to ?is prote/--n ! prote/ itself4 ,i presume1 t x is n dissimil>1 9 its _s1 to ! petition pres5t$ ab\t ! same "t by ,mr4 ,moore 9 ! o!r ,h\se ( ,congress--8 spee* on :i*1 he compla9s 0 ung5]\sly anticipat$ by y\rs on ! petition pres5t$ by y\rself4 ,z ! petition pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,moore is %ort1 ,i w copy x1 t ,i may say to y ) ! m effect--h[ unfit is ! _s ( a slavehold+ p1 z illu/rat$ 9 ?is petition1 to be ! _s ( ! p at ! seat ( a free ,gov]nm5t6 ,footnote ,a3 ,x 7slav]y7 is a s9 & a curse bo? to ! ma/] & ! slave3--,h5ry ,clay4 ,to ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,! petition ( ! und]sign$1 citiz5s ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia repres5ts--,t !y h witness$ ) deep regret ! attempts :i* are mak+ to di/urb ! integrity ( ! ,union by a ,,b& ,,( ,,fanatics1 embrac+ m51 wom51 & *ildr51 :o cease n day & night to cr[d ! tables ( y\r halls ) ,,s$iti\s ,,memorials--& solicit y\r honorable bodies t y w1 9 y\r wisdom1 h5ce=? give nei!r support nor c\nt5ance to su* ,,unhall[$ ,,attempts1 b t y w1 9 ! mo/ emphatic mann]1 set ! seal ( y\r disapprobation ^u all su* ,,f\l ,,& ,,unnatural ,,ef=ts1 by refus+ n only to ,,read & ,,ref]1 b also to ,,receive any pap]s :i* ei!r directly or indirectly1 or by implication1 aim at any int]f]5ce ) ! rights ( y\r petition]s1 or ( ^? ( any citiz5 ( any ( ! ,/ates or ,t]ritories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( ?is ,di/rict ( :i* we are inhabitants4 ,a ,legislature %\ld be imbu$ ) a free1 indep5d5t1 fe>less _s4 ,b x _c be1 :]e discussion is ov]aw$ & int]dict$1 or its b\nd>ies at all contract$4 ,:]ev] slav]y reigns1 ! fre$om ( discussion is n tol]at$3 & :5ev] slav]y exi/s1 !re slav]y reigns2--reigns too ) t exclusive _s ( ,turki% despotism1 t1 be>s no bro!r ne> ! ?rone4 ,y agree ) ,presid5t ,wayl&1 t x is z improp] = ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 z to create x 9 "s place 9 ! free ,/ates1 ov] :i* x has jurisdiction4 ,z improp]1 9 ! judgm5t ( an em95t /atesman1 & ( a no less em95t div9e1 to de/roy :at !y bo? admit to be a sy/em ( unrighte\sness1 z to e/abli% x6 ,z improp] to re/ra9 z to practice1 a violation ( ,god's law6 ,:at w o!r c\ntries & com+ ages ?9k ( ! politics ( our /atesm5 & ! e?ics ( our div9es8 ,b1 besides its immorality1 ,congress has no ,con/itutional "r to create slav]y4 ,y h n yet presum$ to d5y positively1 t ,congress has ! "r to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 &1 not)/&+ ! intimation 9 y\r spee*1 y w n presume to affirm1 t ,congress has ! ,con/itutional "r to enact laws r$uc+ to1 or hold+ 9 slav]y1 ! inhabitants ( ,we/ ,po9t1 or any o!r locality 9 ! free ,/ates1 ov] :i* x has exclusive jurisdiction4 ,i w\ld "h rem>k1 t ! law ( ,congress1 :i* reviv$ ! op]ation ( ! laws ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 be+1 s f> z x respects ! slave laws ( ^? ,/ates1 a violation ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 %\ld be held ( no avail t[>ds legaliz+ slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict--& ! subjects ( t slav]y1 %\ld1 consequ5tly1 be decl>$ by our ,c\rts unconditionally free4 ,y w admit t slav]y is a sy/em ( surpass+ inju/ice3--b an av[$ object ( ! ,con/itution is to e/abli% ju/ice4 ,y w admit t x utt]ly annihilates ! lib]ty ( its victims3--b ano!r ( ! av[$ objects ( ! ,con/itution is to secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty4 ,y w admit1 t slav]y does1 & necess>ily mu/1 reg>d its victims z *attels4 ,! ,con/itution1 on ! contr>y1 speaks ( !m z no?+ %ort ( p]sons4 ,rog] ,%]man1 a sign] ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 a fram] ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 & a memb] ( ! fir/ ,congress "u x1 d5i$ t ?is in/rum5t consid]s slaves z a species ( prop]ty4 ,mr4 ,madison1 9 ! #ed? ,no4 ( ! ,f$]ali/ admits1 t ! ,con/itution reg>ds !m z inhabitants4 ,_m cases might be cit$1 9 :i* ,congress has1 9 consonance ) ! ,con/itution1 refus$ to recognize slaves z prop]ty4 ,x 0 ! expectation1 z well z ! desire ( ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution1 t slav]y %\ld soon cease to exi/ is our c\ntry2 &1 b = ! laws1 :i* bo? ,congress & ! slave ,/ates1 h1 9 flagrant violation ( ! lett] & _s & obvi\s policy ( ! ,con/itution1 enact$ 9 behalf ( slav]y1 t vice w\ld1 ere ?is1 h disappe>$ f our l&4 ,look1 = in/ance1 at ! laws enact$ 9 ! fact ( ! clause3 ,! citiz5s ( ea* ,/ate %all be entitl$ to all ! privileges & immunities ( citiz5s 9 ! sev]al ,/ates--laws too1 :i* ! ,/ates t enact$ !m1 w n cons5t to repeal1 until !y cons5t to ab&on slav]y4 ,x is by ^! laws1 t !y %ut out ! color$ p ( ! ,nor?1 ! pres5ce ( a s+le individual ( :om s al>ms !m ) ! prospect ( a s]vile insurrection1 t !y imm$iately imprison him4 ,su* 0 ! view ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution tak5 by ,james ,wilson "o ( its fram]s1 t1 )\t1 z ,i presume1 claim+ = ,congress any direct p[] ov] slav]y 9 ! slave ,/ates1 he decl>$ t x possess$ p[] to ext]m9ate slav]y f )9 our bord]s4 ,x 0 probably "u a l view1 t ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ano!r ( its fram]s1 & ,b5jam9 ,ru%1 a sign] ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 & o!r m5 ( glori\s & bless$ memory1 petition$ ! fir/ ,congress "u ! ,con/itution to c\nt5ance ! re/oration to lib]ty ( ^? unhappy m51 7! slaves ( our c\ntry74 ,& 9 :at light t same ,congress view$ ! ,con/itution may be inf]r$ f ! fact1 t1 by a special act1 x ratifi$ ! celebrat$ ,ord9ance1 by ! t]ms ( :i* slav]y 0 =bidd5 = ev] 9 ! ,nor? ,we/ ,t]ritory4 ,x is wor?y ( note1 t ! av[$ object ( ! ,ord9ance h>monizes ) t ( ! ,con/itution3 & t ! ,ord9ance 0 pass$ ! same ye> t ! ,con/itution 0 draft$1 is a fact1 on :i* we c /rongly rely to ju/ify a ref]5ce to ! _s ( ! "o in/rum5t = illu/rat+ ! _s ( ! o!r4 ,:at ! _s ( ! ,ord9ance is1 & 9 :at light !y :o pass$ x1 reg>d$ republics1 _! laws & con/itutions1 may be inf]r$ f ! foll[+ decl>ation 9 ! ,ord9ance ( its gr& object3 ,= ext5d+ ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( civil & religi\s lib]ty1 :i* =m ! basis :]ev] ^! ,republics1 _! laws & con/itutions are erect$2 to fix & e/abli% ^? pr9ciples z ! basis ( all laws1 con/itutions1 & gov]nm5ts1 :i* =ev] h]eaft] %all be =m$ 9 ! said t]ritory1 c42 x is h]eby orda9$ & decl>$ t ! foll[+ articles1 c4 ,"o ( ^! articles is t1 :i* has be5 ref]r$ to1 & :i* decl>es t !re %all be nei!r slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude 9 ! said ,t]ritory4 ,y w p]haps make light ( my ref]5ce to ,james ,wilson & ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 = ,i recollect y say1 t1 ,:5 ! ,con/itution 0 ab\t go+ into op]ation1 its p[]s 7 n well und]/ood by ! community at l>ge1 & rema9$ to be accurately int]pret$ & def9$4 ,nev]!less1 ,i ?9k x wise to repose m confid5ce 9 ! views1 :i* ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution took ( ! _s & pr9ciples ( t in/rum5t1 ?an 9 ! def9itions & int]pretations ( ! pro-slav]y g5]ation1 :i* has succe$$ !m4 ,x %\ld be reg>d$ z no inconsid]able evid5ce ( ! anti-slav]y g5ius & policy ( ! ,con/itution1 t ,congress promptly int]dict$ slav]y 9 ! fir/ portion ( t]ritory1 & t1 too1 a t]ritory ( va/ ext5t1 ov] :i* x acquir$ jurisdiction4 ,& is x n a p]fectly reasonable supposition1 t ! seat ( our ,gov]nm5t w\ld n h be5 pollut$ by ! pres5ce ( slav]y1 _h ,congress act$ on t subject by itself1 in/ead ( los+ sight ( x 9 ! :olesale legislation1 by :i* ! laws ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& 7 reviv$ 9 ! ,di/rict8 ,if ! ,f$]al ,con/itution be n anti-slav]y 9 its g5]al scope & "*2 if x be n impregnat$ ) ! pr9ciples ( univ]sal lib]ty2 :y 0 x necess>y1 9 ord] to re/ra9 ,congress1 = a limit$ p]iod1 f act+ aga9/ ! slave trade1 :i* is b a bran* or incid5t ( slav]y1 to h a clause to t end 9 ! ,con/itution8 ,! fact t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution refus$ to blot its pages ) ! ^w slave or slav]y2 & t1 by p]iphrase & ! sub/itution ( p]sons = slaves1 !y s\ght to conceal f po/]ity & ! _w ! mortify+ fact1 t slav]y exi/$ "u a gov]nm5t bas$ on ! pr9ciple1 t gov]nm5ts d]ive _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$1 conta9s volumes ( pro(1 t !y look$ ^u ,am]ican slav]y z a decay+ in/itution2 & t !y w\ld naturally %ape ! ,con/itution to ! abridgm5t & ! ext9ction1 r ?an ! ext5sion & p]petuity ( ! giant vice ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is n to be d5i$1 t ! ,con/itution tol]ates a limit$ measure ( slav]y3 b x tol]ates ?is measure only z ! exception to its rule ( imp>tial & univ]sal lib]ty4 ,7 x o!rwise1 ! pr9ciples ( t in/rum5t c\ld be plead$ to ju/ify ! hold+ ( m5 z prop]ty1 9 cases1 o!r ?an ^? specifically provid$ = 9 x4 ,7 x o!rwise1 ^! pr9ciples might be appeal$ to1 z well to sanction ! enslavem5t ( m51 z ! capture ( wild bea/s4 ,7 x o!rwise1 ! ,am]ican p might be ,con/itutionally realiz+ ! prophet's decl>ation3 !y all lie 9 wait = blood3 !y hunt e man 8 bro!r ) a net4 ,b m]e pr9ciples1 :e!r 9 or out ( ! ,con/itution1 d n avail to ju/ify & uphold slav]y4 ,says ,"l ,mansfield 9 ! fam\s ,som]set case3 ,! /ate ( slav]y is ( su* a nature1 t x is incapable ( be+ n[ introduc$ by c\rts ( ju/ice ^u m]e reason+ or inf]5ces f any pr9ciples1 natural or political2 x mu/ take its rise f positive law2 ! orig9 ( x c 9 no c\ntry or age be trac$ back to any o!r s\rce4 ,a case s odi\s z ! condition ( slaves1 mu/ be tak5 /rictly4 ,grotius says1 t slav]y places man 9 an unnatural relation to man--a relation :i* no?+ b positive law c su/a94 ,all are aw>e1 t1 by ! common law1 man _c h prop]ty 9 man2 & t :]ev] t law is n c\nt]act$ on ?is po9t by positive law1 slaves _c brea!1 & _! %ackles fall4 ,i sc>cely ne$ add1 t ! ,f$]al ,con/itution does1 9 ! ma91 accord ) ! common law4 ,9 ! words ( a v able writ]3 ,! common law is ! gr& elem5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution4 ,all its fundam5tal provisions are in/9ct ) its _s2 & its exi/5ce1 pr9ciples1 & p>am\nt au?ority1 are presuppos$ & assum$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole4 ,to argue ! anti-slav]y "* ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 x is n necess>y to take ! high gr\nd ( "s1 t :atev] 9 ! ,con/itution favors slav]y is void1 because oppos$ to ! pr9ciples & g5]al t5or ( t in/rum5t4 ,mu* less is x necess>y to take ! /ill high] gr\nd1 t e law 9 favor ( slav]y1 9 :atev] code or connection x may be f\nd1 is utt]ly invalid because ( its pla9 contrav5tion ( ! law ( nature4 ,to ma9ta9 my position1 t ! ,con/itution is anti-slav]y 9 its g5]al "*1 & t con/itutional slav]y is1 at ! mo/1 b an exception to t g5]al "*1 x 0 n necess>y to take ei!r ( ^! gr\nds2 ?\gh1 _h ,i be5 dispos$ to take ev5 ! high] ( !m1 ,i %\ld n h lack$ ! c\nt5ance ( ! mo/ weighty au?orities4 ,! law ( nature1 says ,black/one1 be+ coeval ) mank9d1 & dictat$ by ,god himself1 is ( c\rse sup]ior 9 obligation to any o!r4 ,x is b9d+ ov] all ! globe1 9 all c\ntries1 & at all times3 no human laws are ( any validity if contr>y to ?is4 ,! same writ] says1 t ,! law ( nature requires1 t man %\ld pursue 8 own true & sub/antial happ9ess4 ,b t slav]y all[s ?is pursuit to its victims1 no "o w pret5d4 ,!re is a law1 says ,h5ry ,br\gham1 above all ! enactm5ts ( human codes4 ,x is ! law writt5 by ! f+] ( ,god on ! he>t ( man2 & by t law1 un*angeable & et]nal1 :ile m5 despise fraud1 & loa! rap9e1 & abhor blood1 !y %all reject ) indignation ! wild & guilty phantasy1 t man c hold prop]ty 9 man4 ,i add no m to :at ,i h said on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ?an to ask1 z ,i h done 9 relation to ! int]-/ate slave trade & ! annexation ( slave /ates1 :e!r petitions = its abolition argue s great a contempt ( ! ,con/itution1 & s entire a recklessness ( propriety1 z to m]it ! treatm5t :i* !y receive at ! h&s ( ,congress4 ,admitt+ t ,congress has n ! con/itutional p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict--admitt+ t x has n ! con/itutional p[] to de/roy :at itself has e/abli%$--admitt+1 too1 t if x has ! p[]1 x ought n to ex]cise x2--nev]!less1 is ! case s p]fectly cle>1 t ! petition]s = ! measure des]ve all ! abuse & odium :i* _! repres5tatives 9 ,congress heap ^u !m8 ,9 a ^w1 d n ! ?ree classes ( petitions to :i* y ref]1 m]it1 at ! h&s ( ^? repres5tatives1 ! c&id & pati5t consid]ation :i*1 until ,i read y\r ackn[l$gm5t1 t1 9 relation to ^! petitions1 !re is no sub/antial diff]5ce betwe5 y\rself & ^?1 :o are 9 favor ( ?ru/+ !m aside undebat$1 unconsid]$1 & ev5 unread1 ,i always suppos$ y 7 will+ to h be/[$ on !m8 ,i pass to ! exam9ation ( y\r *>ges aga9/ ! abolitioni/s4 ,!y contemn ! rights ( prop]ty4 ,?is *>ge y pref] aga9/ ! abolitioni/s1 n because !y believe t a ,legislature has ! "r to aboli% slav]y1 nor because !y d5y t slaves are legally prop]ty2 = ?is obvi\s tru? !y d n d5y4 ,b y pref] x1 because !y believe t man _c rightfully be a subject ( prop]ty4 ,abolitioni/s believe1 to use words1 :i* ,i h already quot$1 t x is a wild & guilty phantasy1 t man c hold prop]ty 9 man4 ,!y believe1 t to claim prop]ty 9 ! exalt$ be+1 :om ,god has made 9 ,8 own image1 & b a little l[] ?an ! angels1 is sc>cely less absurd ?an to claim x 9 ! ,creator himself4 ,y take ! position1 t human laws c rightfully r$uce a race ( m5 to prop]ty2 & t ! outrage1 to use y\r own language1 is sanction$ & sanctifi$ by two hundr$ ye>s cont9uance ( x4 ,abolitioni/s1 on ! contr>y1 trace back man's inali5able self-own]%ip to enactm5ts ( ! ,div9e ,legislator1 & to ! bright morn+ ( "t1 :5 he came =? f ! h& ( 8 ,mak]1 cr[n$ ) glory & honor1 inve/$ ) self-control1 & ) dom9ion ov] ! brute & inanimate creation4 ,y soo! ! consci5ce ( ! slavehold]1 by rem9d+ him1 t ! relation1 :i* he has assum$ t[>ds 8 d[n-trodd5 fell[-man1 is lawful4 ,! abolitioni/ prote/s1 t ! wick$ness ( ! relation is none ! less1 because x is legaliz$4 ,9 *>g+ abolitioni/s ) condemn+ ! rights ( prop]ty1 y mi/ake ! innoc5t = ! guilty p>ty4 ,7 y to be s unhappy z to fall into ! h&s ( a kidnapp]1 & be r$uc$ to a slave1 & 7 ,i to remon/rate1 ?\gh 9 va91 ) y\r oppressor1 :o w\ld y ?9k 0 ! despis] ( ! rights ( prop]ty--myself1 or ! oppressor8 ,z y w\ld judge 9 t case1 s judges e slave 9 8 simil> case4 ,! man-/eal]'s compla9t1 t 8 rights ( prop]ty 9 8 /ol5 fell[ m5 are n adequately respect$ by ! abolitioni/1 recalls to my m9d a v simil>1 & b little m ludicr\s case ( consci5ti\s reg>d = ! rights ( prop]ty4 ,a travel] 0 plund]$ ( ! :ole ( 8 l>ge sum ( money4 ,he plead$ successfully ) ! robb] = a little ( x to enable him to rea* 8 home4 ,b1 putt+ 8 h& r deep] into ! bag ( /ol5 co9s ?an comport$ ) ! views ( ! robb]1 he 0 arre/$ ) ! cry1 ,:y1 man1 h y no consci5ce8 ,y w p]haps inquire1 :e!r abolitioni/s reg>d all ! slaves ( ! ,s\? z /ol5--z well ^? born at ! ,s\?1 z ^?1 :o 7 confess$ly /ol5 f ,africa8 ,i answ]1 t we d--t e helpless new-born infant1 on :i* ! *ivalry ( ! ,s\? p\nces1 is1 9 our judgm5t1 ! own] ( itself--t we consid]1 t ! crime ( man-/eal+ :i* is s t]ribly d5\nc$ 9 ! ,bible1 does n consi/1 z is alleg$1 9 /eal+ a slave f a ?ird p]son1 b 9 /eal+ him f himself--9 depriv+ him ( self control1 & subject+ him1 z prop]ty1 to ! absolute control ( ano!r4 ,joseph's decl>ation1 t he 0 /ol51 favors ?is def9ition ( man-/eal+4 ,jewi% ,comm5tators au?orise x4 ,money1 z x does n own itself1 _c be /ol5 f itself ,b :5 we reflect1 t man is ! own] ( himself1 x does n surprise u1 t wre/+ away 8 inali5able rights--8 v manhood--%\ld h be5 call$ man-/eal+4 ,:il/ on ?is subject ( ! rights ( prop]ty1 ,i am rem9d$ ( y\r ?ird imp$im5t to abolition4 ,?is imp$im5t consi/s 9 ! fact ( ! great value ( ! s\!rn slaves--:i*1 accord+ to y\r e/imation1 is n less ?an twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s4 ,i w adopt y\r e/imate1 & ?us sp>e myself f go+ into ! abhorr5t calculation ( ! wor? 9 doll>s & c5ts ( immortal man--( ! wor? ( ! image ( ,god4 ,i ?ank y = y\r virtual admission1 t ?is weal? is grasp$ ) a t5acity proportion$ to its va/ am\nt4 ,_m ( ! wise/ & be/ m5 ( ! ,nor? h be5 l$ into ! belief t ! slavehold]s ( ! ,s\? are too humane & g5]\s to hold _! slaves fur ! sake ( ga94 ,ev5 ,dr4 ,*ann+ 0 a subject ( ?is delusion2 & x is well rememb]$1 t 8 too favorable op9ions ( 8 fell[ m51 made x difficult to disabuse him ( x4 ,nor!rn ,*ri/ians h be5 ready to believe1 t ! ,s\? w\ld give up h] slaves1 because ( h] consci\s lack ( title to !m4 ,b 9 :at age ( ! _w h imp5it5t m5 fail$ to cl+ z closely to t1 :i* !y _h obta9$ by fraud1 z to _! hone/ acquisitions8 ,inde$1 x is demon/rable on philosophical pr9ciples1 t ! m /up5d\s ! fraud1 ! m t5aci\s is ! hold ^u t1 :i* is gott5 by x4 ,i tru/1 t y\r admission to :i* ,i h j ref]r$1 w h no small effect to prev5t ! ,nor!rn apologi/ = slav]y f repeat+ ! rem>k t ! ,s\? w\ld gladly lib]ate h] slaves1 if %e saw any prospect ( bett]+ ! condition ( ! objects ( h] t5d] & solicit\s b5evol5ce4 ,i tru/1 too1 t ?is admission w g f> to prove ! empt9ess ( y\r decl>ation1 t ! abolitioni/s h ?r[n back = half a c5tury ! prospect ( any species ( emancipation ( ! ,african race1 gradual or imm$iate1 9 any ( ! /ates1 & ! empt9ess ( y\r decl>ation1 t1 prior to ! agitation ( ?is subject ( abolition1 !re 0 a progressive melioration 9 ! condition ( slaves ?r\gh\t all ! slave /ates1 & t 9 "s ( !m1 s*ools ( in/ruction 7 op5$1 c42 & ,i fur!r tru/1 t ?is admission w r5d] h>mless y\r intimation1 t ?is melioration & ^! s*ools 7 int5d$ to prep>e ! slaves = fre$om4 ,aft] :at y h said ( ! great value ( ! slaves1 & ( ! ob/acle x pres5ts to emancipation1 y w meet ) little success 9 y\r endeavors to conv9ce ! _w1 t ! ,s\? 0 prep>+ to give up ! twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s1 & t ! naughty abolitioni/s h po/pon$ h] gratification = half a c5tury4 ,if y\r views ( ! imm5se value ( ! slaves1 & ( ! consequ5t opposition to _! fre$om1 be correct1 !n ! hatr$ ( ! ,s\? t[>ds ! abolitioni/s mu/ be1 n because _! movem5ts t5d to l5g!n1 b because !y t5d to %ort5 ! p]iod ( h] possession ( ! twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s4 ,may ,i ask y1 :e!r1 :il/ ! ,s\? cl+s to ^! twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s1 x is n some:at hypocritical 9 h] to be compla9+1 t ! abolitioni/s are fa/5+ ! twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s to h]8 ,& may ,i ask y1 :e!r !re is n a little inconsi/5cy betwe5 y\r own lam5tations ov] ?is "w ( ! abolitioni/s1 & y\r intimation t ! ,s\? w nev] cons5t to give up h] slaves1 until ! impossibility1 ( pay+ h] twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s = !m1 %all h be5 accompli%$8 ,pu]ile & insult+ z is y\r proposition to ! abolitioni/s to raise twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s = ! pur*ase ( ! slaves1 x is nev]!less in/ructive2 inasmu* z x %[s1 t1 9 y\r judgm5t1 ! ,s\? is z little will+ to give up h] slaves1 z ! abolitioni/s are able to pay twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s = !m2 & h[ unable ! abolitioni/s are to pay a sum ( money f> great] ?an ! :ole am\nt ( money 9 ! _w1 ,i ne$ n expla94 ,b if ! ,s\? mu/ h twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s to induce h] to lib]ate h] pres5t numb] ( slaves1 h[ c y expect success fur y\r s*eme ( ridd+ h] ( sev]al times ! pres5t numb]1 9 ! progress ( "s "o hundr$ & fifty1 or two hundr$ ye>s8 ,d y reply1 t1 al?\gh %e mu/ h f\r hundr$ doll>s a-piece = !m1 if %e sell !m to ! abolitioni/s1 %e is1 nev]!less1 will+ to let ! ,colonization ,society h !m )\t *>ge8 ,!re is abundant pro(1 t %e is n4 ,dur+ ! tw5ty-two ye>s ( ! exi/5ce ( t ,society1 n s _m slaves h be5 emancipat$ & giv5 to x = expatriation1 z are born 9 a s+le week4 ,z a pro( t ! sympa?ies ( ! ,s\? are all ) ! slavehold+ & real "* ( ?is two-fac$ in/itution1 & n at all ) ! abolition purposes & t5d5cies1 :i* x pr(esses at ! ,nor?1 none ( its ,presid5ts1 7& slave-hold]s only are deem$ wor?y to preside ov] x17 has ev] contribut$ f 8 /ock ( slaves to swell ^? b&s ( emigrants1 :o1 leav+ our %ores 9 ! "* ( nuisances1 are in/antly trans=m$1 to use y\r own language1 into mission>ies1 c>ry+ ) !m cr$5tials 9 ! holy cause ( ,*ri/ianity1 civilization1 & free in/itutions4 ,b y 7 n 9 e>ne/1 :5 y held up ! idea 9 y\r rec5t spee*1 t ! rapidly multiply+ millions ( our color$ c\ntrym5 w\ld be expatriat$4 ,:at y said on t po9t 0 b to indulge 9 declamation1 & to r\nd (f a p>agraph4 ,x is 9 t "p ( y\r spee* :]e y say t no practical s*eme = _! removal or sep>ation f u has yet be5 devis$ or propos$1 t y exhibit y\r real s5tim5ts on ?is subject1 & impli$ly admit ! deceitfulness ( ! pret5sions ( ! ,am]ican ,colonization ,society4 ,be=e clos+ my rem>ks on ! topic ( ! rights ( prop]ty1 ,i w admit ! tru? ( y\r *>ge1 t ,abolitioni/s d5y1 t ! slavehold] is entitl$ to comp5sation = 8 slaves4 ,abolitioni/s d n "k1 :y he1 :o /eals m5 is1 any m ?an he1 :o /eals horses1 entitl$ to comp5sation = releas+ 8 plund]4 ,!y d n "k1 :y he1 :o has exact$ ?irty ye>s' unrequit$ toil f ! s9ews ( 8 poor oppress$ bro!r1 %\ld be paid = lett+ t poor oppress$ bro!r labor = himself ! rema9+ t5 or tw5ty ye>s ( 8 life4 ,b1 x is said1 t ! ,s\? b\ght h] slaves ( ! ,nor?1 & t we ( ! ,nor? ought !re=e to comp5sate ! ,s\? = lib]at+ !m4 ,if !re are individuals at ! ,nor?1 :o h sold slaves1 ,i am free to admit1 t !y %\ld promptly surr5d] _! ill-gott5 ga9s2 & no less promptly %\ld ! inh]itors ( su* ga9s surr5d] !m4 ,b1 h[ev] ?is may be1 & :atev] debt may be due on ?is score1 f ! ,nor? to ! ,s\?1 c]ta9 x is1 t on no pr9ciple ( s\nd e?ics1 c ! ,s\? hold to ! p]sons ( ! innoc5t slaves1 z security = ! paym5t ( ! debt4 ,y\r /ate & m9e1 & ,i w\ld x 7 s ) all o!rs1 no long] all[ ! imprisonm5t ( ! debtor z a means ( co]c+ paym5t f him4 ,h[ mu* less1 !n1 %\ld !y all[ ! cr$itor to promote ! security ( 8 debt by imprison+ a ?ird p]son--& "o :o is :olly innoc5t ( contract+ ! debt8 ,b :o is imprison$1 if x be n he1 :o is %ut up 9 ! h\se ( bondage8 ,& :o is m entirely innoc5t ?an he1 ( ! guilty transactions betwe5 8 sell] & buy]8 ,ano!r ( y\r *>ges aga9/ abolitioni/s is1 t1 al?\gh utt]ly de/itute ( ,con/itutional or o!r rightful p[]--liv+ 9 totally di/9ct communities--z ali5 to ! communities 9 :i* ! subject on :i* !y w\ld op]ate resides1 s f> z conc]ns political p[] ov] t subject1 z if !y liv$ 9 ,africa or ,asia2 !y nev]!less promulgate to ! _w _! purpose to be1 to manumit =?)1 & )\t comp5sation1 & )\t moral prep>ation1 ?ree millions ( negro slaves1 "u jurisdictions altoge!r sep>at$ f ^? "u :i* !y live4 ,i w gr\p ) ?is *>ge sev]al o!rs ( ! same class4 #a4 ,abolitioni/s neglect ! fact1 t ! slav]y :i* exi/s among/ u 7s\!rn p7 is our affair--n !irs--& t !y h no m j conc]n ) x1 ?an !y h ) slav]y z x exi/s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 #b4 ,!y are reg>dless ( ! defici5cy ( ! p[]s ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 & ( ! ackn[l$g$ & inconte/able p[]s ( ! ,/ates4 #c4 ,sup]ficial m5 7mean+ no d\bt abolitioni/s7 conf\nd ! totally diff]5t cases toge!r ( ! p[]s ( ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t & ^? ( ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! matt] ( slav]y4 ,are ^! *>ges any ?+ m ?an ! imag]y ( y\r own fancy1 or selections f ! numb]less sl&]s ( a "t-s]v+ & corrupt press8 ,if !y are f\nd$ on facts1 x is 9 y\r p[] to /ate ! facts4 ,= my own "p1 ,i am utt]ly ignorant ( any1 ev5 ! lea/1 ju/ification = !m4 ,i am utt]ly ignorant t ! abolitioni/s hold any peculi> views 9 relation to ! p[]s ( ! ,g5]al or ,/ate ,gov]nm5ts4 ,i d n believe1 t "o 9 a hundr$ ( !m supposes1 t slav]y 9 ! /ates is a legitimate subject ( f$]al legislation4 ,i believe1 t a majority ( ! intellig5t m5 among/ !m accord mu* m to ! claims ( /ate sov]eignty1 & approa* f> m ne>ly to ! "* ( /rict con/ructioni/s1 ?an does ! di/+ui%$ /atesman1 :o *>ges !m ) su* latitud9>ian notions4 ,!re may be p]sons 9 our c\ntry1 :o believe t ,congress has ! absolute p[] ov] all ,am]ican slav]y1 :i* ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t _h ov] all ,briti% slav]y2 & t ,congress c aboli% slav]y 9 ! slave /ates1 because ,great ,brita9 aboli%$ x 9 h] ,we/ ,india ,isl&s2 b1 ,i d n "k !m2 & 7 ,i to look = !m1 ,i c]ta9ly %\ld n conf9e my se>* to abolitioni/s--= abolitioni/s1 z x is v natural !y %\ld be1 are f> bett] in/ruct$ 9 ! subject ( slav]y & its connections ) civil gov]nm5t1 ?an are ! community 9 g5]al4 ,x is pass+ /range1 t y1 or any o!r man1 :o is n play+ a desp]ate game1 %\ld1 9 ! face ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 :i* admits1 t ea* /ate1 9 :i* slav]y exi/s1 has1 by ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! exclusive "r to legislate 9 reg>d to ! abolition ( slav]y 9 said /ate2 make su* *>ges1 z y h done4 ,9 an ,address ,to ! ,public1 dat$ ,septemb] #c1 #ahce1 & subscrib$ by ! ,presid5t1 ,treasur]1 ! ?ree ,secret>ies1 & ! o!r five memb]s ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 we f9d ! foll[+ language4 #a4 ,we hold t ,congress has no m "r to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,s\!rn /ates ?an 9 ! ,fr5* ,we/ ,india ,isl&s4 ,( c\rse we desire no national legislation on ! subject4 #b4 ,we hold t slav]y c only be lawfully aboli%$ by ! legislatures ( ! sev]al /ates 9 :i* x prevails1 & t ! ex]cise ( any o!r ?an moral influ5ce to induce su* abolition is uncon/itutional4 ,b :at slav]y is x t ! abolitioni/s call on ,congress to aboli%8 ,is x t 9 ! slave /ates8 ,no--x is t 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & 9 ! t]ritories--none o!r4 ,& is x n a fair implication ( _! petitions1 t ?is is ! only slav]y1 :i*1 9 ! judgm5t ( ! petition]s1 ,congress has p[] to aboli%8 ,nev]!less1 x is 9 ! face ( ?is implication1 t y make y\r array ( *>ges4 ,is x true1 h[ev]1 t ! ,nor? has no?+ m to d ) slav]y 9 ! /ates1 ?an ) slav]y 9 a =eign c\ntry8 ,does x n conc]n ! ,nor?1 t1 :il/ x takes _m ?\s&s ( h] vot]s to be entitl$ to a repres5tative 9 ,congress1 !re are di/ricts at ! ,s\?1 :]e1 by means ( slav]y1 a few hundr$ vot]s enjoy ?is b5efit4 ,aga91 s9ce ! ,nor? reg>ds h]self z responsible 9 common ) ! ,s\?1 = ! cont9uance ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & 9 ! ,t]ritories1 & = ! cont9uance ( ! int]/ate traffic 9 human be+s2 & s9ce %e believes slav]y 9 ! slave /ates to be ! occasion ( ^! crimes1 & t !y w all ( necessity imm$iately cease :5 slav]y ceases--is x n "r1 t %e %\ld feel t %e has a j conc]n ) slav]y8 ,aga91 is x no?+ to ! p ( ! ,nor?1 t !y may be call$ on1 9 ob$i5ce to a requirem5t ( ! f$]al con/itution1 to %\ld] _! muskets to quell dome/ic viol5ce8 ,b1 :o does n "k1 t ?is requirem5t owes its exi/5ce solely to ! appreh5sion ( s]vile insurrections8--or1 9 o!r words1 to ! exi/5ce ( slav]y 9 ! slave /ates8 ,aga91 :5 our guiltless bro!rs escape f ! s\!rn prison-h\se1 & come among u1 we are "u con/itutional obligation to deliv] !m up to _! /ony-he>t$ pursu]s4 ,& is n slav]y 9 ! slave /ates1 :i* is ! occasion ( our obligation to commit ?is outrage on humanity & on ! law ( ,god1 a matt] ( j conc]n to u8 ,to :at too1 b slav]y1 9 ! slave /ates1 is to be ascrib$ ! long /&+ insult ( our gov]nm5t t[>ds t ( ,hayti8 ,to :at b t1 our national disadvantages & losses f ! want ( diplomatic relations betwe5 ! two gov]nm5ts8 ,to :at s mu*1 z to slav]y 9 ! slave /ates1 are ow+ ! corruption 9 our national c\ncils1 & ! wor/ ( our legislation8 ,b sc>cely any ?+ %\ld g f>!r to inspire ! ,nor? ) a s5se ( h] j conc]n 9 ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! slave /ates1 ?an ! fact1 t slav]y is ! p>5t ( ! cruel & murd]\s prejudice1 :i* cru%es & kills h] color$ p2 &1 t x is b too probable1 t ! *ild w live z long z its p>5t4 ,& has ! ,nor? no j conc]n ) ! slav]y ( ! slave /ates1 :5 !re is s mu* reason to fe> t our :ole blood-guilty nation is ?reat5$ ) ,god's de/roy+ wra? on acc\nt ( x8 ,!re is ano!r respect 9 :i* we ( ! ,nor? h a j conc]n ) ! slav]y ( ! slave /ates4 ,we see ne>ly ?ree millions ( our fell[ m5 9 ^? /ates robb$ ( body1 m9d1 w1 & s\l--d5i$ m>riage & ! read+ ( ! ,bible1 & m>ket$ z bea/s4 ,we see !m 9 a ^w cru%$ 9 ! iron folds ( slav]y4 ,our nature--! laws writt5 ^u its v f\ndations--! ,bible1 ) its injunctions to rememb] !m t are 9 bonds z b\nd ) !m1 & to op5 ?y m\? = ! dumb 9 ! cause ( all su* z are appo9t$ to de/ruction--all require u to feel & to express :at we feel = ^! wret*$ millions4 ,i said1 t we see ?is mis]y4 ,!re are _m among/ u--!y are anti-abolitioni/s--:o d n see x2 & to !m ,god says2 b he t hide? 8 eyes %all h _m a curse4 ,i add1 t we ( ! ,nor? mu/ feel conc]n$ ab\t slav]y 9 ! slave /ates1 because ( our obligation to pity ! delud$1 h>d-he>t$1 & bloody oppressors 9 ^? /ates3 & to manife/ our love = !m by rebuk+ _! unsurpass$ s94 ,&1 not)/&+ pro-slav]y /atesm5 at ! ,nor?1 :o w9k at ! iniquity ( slave hold+1 & pro-slav]y cl]gym5 at ! ,nor?1 :o cry1 peace1 peace to ! slavehold]1 & sew pill[s to armholes1 tell u1 t by our hone/ & op5 rebuke ( ! slavehold]1 we %all incur 8 endur+ hatr$2 we1 nev]!less1 believe t op5 rebuke is bett] ?an secret love1 & t1 9 ! end1 we %all enjoy m ,s\!rn favor ?an !y1 ^: secret love is too prud5t & spuri\s to deal fai?fully ) ! objects ( its reg>d4 ,he t rebuke? a man1 aft]w>d %all f9d m favor ?an he t flatt]e? ) ! tongue4 ,! comm&1 ?\ %all 9 any wise rebuke ?y neighbor & n suff] s9 ^u him1 is "o1 :i* ! abolitioni/ feels1 t he is b\nd to obey1 z well 9 ! case ( ! slavehold]1 z 9 t ( any o!r s9n]4 ,& ! "q3 :o is my neighbor1 is s answ]$ by ! ,savior1 z to %[1 t n he ( our vic9ity1 nor ev5 he ( our c\ntry1 is alone our neighbor4 ,! abolitioni/s ( ! ,nor? hold1 t !y h c]ta9ly z mu* j conc]n ) slav]y 9 ! slave /ates1 z ! temp]ance m5 ( ! ,nor? h ) intemp]ance at ! ,s\?4 ,& ,i w\ld "h rem>k1 t ! weapons ) :i* ! abolitioni/s ( ! ,nor? attack slav]y 9 ! slave /ates are ! same1 & no o!r ?an ! same1 ) ^?1 :i* ! ,nor? employs aga9/ ! vice ( intemp]ance at ! ,s\?4 ,i add too1 t 7 y to say1 t nor!rn temp]ance m5 disreg>d ! defici5cy ( ! p[]s ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 & also ! ackn[l$g$ & inconte/able p[]s ( ! /ates2 y\r *>ge w\ld be z suitable z :5 x is appli$ to nor!rn abolitioni/s4 ,y ascribe to u ! purpose to manumit ! ?ree millions ( negro slaves4 ,"h aga9 y greatly misrepres5t u1 by hold+ u up z employ+ co]cive1 in/ead ( p]suasive1 means = ! accompli%m5t ( our object4 ,our purpose is to p]suade o!rs to manumit4 ,! slavehold]s !mselves are to manumit4 ,x is evid5t1 t o!rs _c manumit = !m4 ,if ! ,nor? 7 endeavor+ to p]suade ! ,s\? to give up ! gr[+ ( cotton1 y w\ld n say1 x is ! purpose ( ! ,nor? to give x up4 ,b1 z well might y1 z to say1 t x is ! purpose ( ! abolitioni/s to manumit4 ,x is v mu* by su* misrepres5tations1 t ! prejudices aga9/ abolitioni/s are f$ & su/a9$4 ,h[ soon !y w\ld die ( atrophy1 if !y1 :o influ5ce ! public m9d & m\ld public op9ion1 w\ld tell b ! simple tru? ab\t abolitioni/s4 ,y say1 t ! abolitioni/s w\ld h ! slaves manumitt$ )\t comp5sation & )\t moral prep>ation4 ,i h already said en\gh on ! po9t ( comp5sation4 ,x is true1 t !y w\ld h !m manumitt$ imm$iately3--= !y believe slav]y is s91 & t !re=e ! slavehold] has no "r to protract ! bondage ( 8 slaves = a s+le ye>1 or = a s+le day or h\r2--n ev51 7 he to d s to af=d !m a moral prep>ation = fre$om1 or to accompli% any o!r ( ! k9de/ & be/ purposes4 ,!y believe1 t ! relation ( slavehold]1 z x ess5tially & indisp5sably involves ! r$uction ( m5 to *attel%ip1 _c1 "u any plea :atev]1 be cont9u$ ) innoc5ce1 = a s+le mom5t4 ,if x c be--if ! pla9 laws ( ,god1 9 respect to m>riage & religi\s in/ruction & _m o!r bless+s1 ( :i* *atteliz$ man is plund]$1 c be innoc5tly violat$--:y cr$it any long] ! ass]tion ( ! ,bible1 t s9 is ! transgression ( ! law8--:y n get a new def9ition ( s98 ,ano!r reason ) abolitioni/s 9 favor ( imm$iate manumission1 is1 t ! slaves d n1 z a body1 acquire1 :il/ 9 slav]y1 any moral prep>ation = fre$om4 ,to le>n to swim we mu/ be all[$ ! use ( wat]4 ,to le>n ! ex]cises ( a freeman1 we mu/ enjoy he elem5t ( lib]ty4 ,i w n say1 t slaves _c be taught1 to "s ext5t1 ! duties ( freem54 ,"s k ( ! art ( swimm+ may be acquir$ be=e ent]+ ! wat]4 ,i h n =gott5 :at y affirm ab\t ! progressive melioration 9 ! condition ( slaves1 & ! op5+ ( s*ools ( in/ruction = !m prior to ! agitation ( ! subject ( abolition2 nor1 h ,i =gott51 t ,i c\ld n read x )\t feel+1 t ! creations ( y\r fancy1 r ?an ! facts ( hi/ory1 suppli$ ?is in=mation4 ,in/ances1 r>e in/ances1 ( su* melioration & ( su* s*ools ( in/ruction1 ,i d\bt n !re h be53 b1 ,i am confid5t1 t ! ,s\!rn slaves h be5 sunk 9 dep?s ( ignorance proportion$ to ! pr(its ( _! labor4 ,i h n ! lea/ belief1 t ! proportion ( read]s among/ !m is "o half s great1 z x 0 be=e ! inv5tion ( ,:itney's cotton g94 ,p]mit me to call y\r att5tion to a few ( ! numb]less evid5ces1 t slav]y is a poor s*ool = moral prep>ation = fre$om4 #a/4 ,slav]y turns its victims into ?ieves4 ,:o %\ld be a/oni%$1 says ,?omas ,s4 ,clay1 a v di/+ui%$ slavehold] ( ,georgia1 if ! negro takes f ! field or corn-h\se ! supplies necess>y = 8 crav+ appetite & !n ju/ifies 8 act1 & d5ies t x is /eal+8 ,:at debasem5t 9 ! slave does ! same g5tleman's rem$y = !ft indicate8 ,if1 says he1 ! negro is in=m$1 t if he does n /eal1 he %all receive rice z an all[ance2 & if he does /eal1 he %all n1 a motive is held out :i* w c\nt]act ! temptation to pilf]4 #bnd4 ,slav]y reeks ) lic5ti\sness4 ,ano!r son ( ! ,s\? says1 t ! slavehold]'s kit*5 is a bro!l1 & a s\!rn village a ,sodom4 ,! elaborate def5ce ( slav]y by ,*ancellor ,h>p] ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ju/ifies ! heavie/ accusations1 t h be5 br\ght aga9/ x on ! score ( lic5ti\sness4 ,h[ c\ld y blame u = deeply abhorr+ slav]y1 ev5 7 we to view x 9 no o!r light ?an t 9 :i* ! ,dews & ,h>p]s & its o!r advocates pres5t x8 #crd4 ,slav]y puts ! ma/] 9 ! place ( ,god1 & ! ma/]'s law 9 ! place ( ,god's law6 ,! negro1 says ,?omas ,s4 ,clay1 is seldom taught to feel1 t he is puni%$ = break+ ,god's law6 ,he only kn[s 8 ma/] z law-giv] & execution]1 & ! sole object held up to 8 view is to make him a m ob$i5t & pr(itable slave4 ,he (t5] he>s t he %all be puni%$ if he /eals1 ?an if he breaks ! ,sabba? or swe>s2 & ?us he sees ! v ?reat5+s ( ,god br\ght to be> on 8 ma/]'s int]e/s4 ,x is v manife/ to him1 t 8 own good is v f> f =m+ ! prim>y reason = 8 *a/isem5t3 8 ma/]'s int]e/s are to be secur$ at all ev5ts2--,god's claims are second>y1 or en=c$ m]ely = ! purpose ( advanc+ ^? ( 8 own]4 ,8 own b5efit is ! residuum aft] ?is d\ble di/illation ( moral motive--a m]e accid5t4 #d?4 ,! laws ( ne>ly all ! slave-/ates =bid ! tea*+ ( ! slaves to read4 ,! abundant decl>ations1 t ^? laws are )\t exception1 a consequ5ce ( ! pres5t agitation ( ! "q ( slav]y are gl>+ly false4 ,_m ( ^! laws 7 enact$ long be=e ?is agitation2 & "s ( !m long be=e y & ,i 7 born4 ,say ! ?ree hundr$ & fifty-?ree g5tlem5 ( ! ,di/rict ( ,abbeville & ,edgefield 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :o1 ! la/ ye>1 broke up a sy/em ( oral religi\s in/ruction1 :i* ! ,me?odi/ ,conf]5ce ( t ,/ate _h e/abli%$ among/ _! slaves3 ,intellig5ce & slav]y h no aff9ity = ea* o!r4 ,& :5 ^? same g5tlem5 decl>e1 t v]bal & lectur+ in/ruction w increase a desire ) ! black population to le>n--t ! progress & diffusion ( k w be a consequ5ce--& t a progressive sy/em ( improvem5t w be introduc$1 t w ultimately revolutionize our civil in/itutions1 !y admit1 t ! prohibition ( intellig5ce to ! slaves is ! settl$ & necess>y policy ( slav]y1 & n1 z y w\ld h u believe1 a tempor>y exp$i5t occasion$ by ! pres5t agitation ( ?is subject ( abolition4 #e?4 ,slav]y--! sy/em1 :i* =bids m>riage & ! read+ ( ! ,bible--does ( necessity turn its subjects into hea!ns4 ,a ,report ( ! ,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 made five ye>s ago1 says3 ,:o c\ld cr$it x1 t 9 ^! ye>s ( revival & b5evol5t ef=t--t1 9 ?is ,*ri/ian ,republic1 !re are ov] two millions ( human be+s 9 ! condition ( hea!n1 & 9 "s respects 9 a worse condition8 ,!y may be ju/ly consid]$ ! hea!n ( ?is ,*ri/ian c\ntry1 & w be> comp>ison ) hea!n 9 any c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,i w f9i% :at ,i h to say on ?is po9t ( moral prep>ation = fre$om1 ) ! rem>k1 t ! hi/ory ( slav]y 9 no c\ntry w>rants y\r implication1 t slaves acquire su* moral prep>ation4 ,! ,briti% ,p>liam5t sub/itut$ an appr5tice%ip = slav]y ) ! express design1 t x %\ld af=d a moral prep>ation = fre$om4 ,& yet1 if y w read ! reports ( late visitors to ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 y w f9d1 t ! plant]s admit1 t !y made no use ( ! advantages ( ! appr5tice%ip to prep>e _! s]vants = lib]ty4 ,_! own ga9--n ! slaves'--0 _! rul+ motive1 dur+ ! t]m ( ! appr5tice%ip1 z well z prec$+ x4 ,ano!r ( y\r *>ges is1 t ! abolitioni/s h increas$ ! rigors ( legislation aga9/ slaves 9 mo/ if n all ! slave ,/ates4 ,& suppose1 t our pr9ciples & measures h occasion$ ?is evil--are !y !re=e wrong8--& are we1 !re=e1 involv$ 9 s98 ,! pr9ciples & measures ( ,moses & ,a>on 7 ! occasion ( a simil> evil4 ,does x foll[1 t ^? pr9ciples & measures 7 wrong1 & t ,moses & ,a>on 7 responsible = ! s9 ( ,ph>aoh's increas$ oppressiv5ess8 ,! tru?1 :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ prea*$ on ! e>?1 is emphatically peace3 b its p[] on ! depravity ( ! human he>t made x ! occasion ( division & viol5ce4 ,t depravity 0 ! guilty cause ( ! division & viol5ce4 ,! tru? 0 b ! innoc5t occasion ( !m4 ,to make x responsible = ! effects ( t depravity w\ld be z unreasonable1 z x is to make ! holy pr9ciples ( ! anti-slav]y cause responsible = ! wick$ness :i* !y occasion3 & to make ! great ,prea*] ,himself responsible = ! division & viol5ce1 w\ld be b to c>ry out ! absurdity1 ( :i* ! public are guilty1 9 hold+ abolitioni/s responsible = ! mobs1 :i* are got up aga9/ !m4 ,^! mobs1 by ! way1 are call$ abolition mobs4 ,a simil> misnom] w\ld pron\nce ! mob1 t %\ld te> d[n y\r h\se & %oot y\r wife1 ,h5ry ,clay's mob4 ,h>riet ,m>t9eau1 9 /at+ ! fact1 t ! mobs ( #ahcd1 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 7 set d[n to ! wrong acc\nt1 says1 t ! abolitioni/s 7 told1 t !y _h no bus9ess to sc>e ! city ) ! sight ( _! burn+ prop]ty & demoli%$ *ur*es6 ,no d\bt ! light ( tru?1 :i* ! abolitioni/s are p\r+ into ! d>k d5 ( slav]y1 greatly excites ! mon/]'s wra?3 & x may be1 t he v5ts a measure ( x on ! helpless & innoc5t victims )9 8 grasp4 ,be x s2--x is nev]!less1 n ! ,i?uriel spe> ( tru?1 t is to be held guilty ( ! h>m3--x is ! mon/]'s own depravity1 :i* _c endure ,t\* ( cele/ial temp]1 b returns ,( =ce to its own lik5ess4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,?is is a ref]5ce to a passage 9 ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 9 :i* ,satan 9 disguise is t\*$ by ! spe> ( ! ar*angel ,i?uriel & is !reby =c$ to return to 8 own =m4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 f> f believ+1 t ! treatm5t ( ! slaves is r5d]$ any m rigor\s & cruel by ! agitation ( ! subject ( slav]y4 ,i am v f> f believ+1 t x is any h>%] n[ ?an x 0 be=e ! organization ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,fugitive slaves tell u1 x is n3 &1 inasmu* z ! slavehold]s are1 &1 by bo? words & actions1 abundantly %[1 t !y feel t !y are1 arraign$ by ! abolitioni/s be=e ! b> ( ! civiliz$ _w1 to answ] to ! *>ges ( p]petrat+ cruelties on _! slaves1 x w\ld1 unless inde$1 !y are ( ! numb] ( ^? ^: glory is 9 _! %ame1 be mo/ unphilosophical to conclude1 t !y are multiply+ pro(s ( ! tru? ( ^? *>ges1 m rapidly ?an at any =m] /age ( _! b>b>ities4 ,t slavehold]s are n ins5sible to public op9ion & to ! value ( a good "* 0 /rik+ly exhibit$ by ,mr4 ,calh\n1 9 8 place 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :5 he foll[$ 8 frank disclaim] ( all suspicion1 t ! abolitioni/s are m$itat+ a w> aga9/ ! slavehold]'s p]son1 ) rem>ks ev9cive ( 8 s5sitiv5ess "u ! w>1 :i* !y are wag+ aga9/ ! slavehold]'s "*4 ,a fact occurs to me1 :i* goes to %[1 t ! slavehold]s feel !mselves to be put ^u _! good behavior by ! abolitioni/s4 ,al?\gh slaves are murd]$ e day at ! ,s\?1 yet nev]1 until v rec5tly1 if at all1 has ! case occurr$1 9 :i* a :ite man has be5 execut$ at ! ,s\? = ! murd] ( a slave4 ,a few mon?s ago1 ! ,s\!rn newspap]s br\ght u copies ( ! docum5t1 conta9+ ! refusal ( ,gov]nor ,butl] ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a to p>don a man1 :o _h be5 convict$ ( ! murd] ( a slave4 ,?is docum5t dwells on ! protection due to ! slave2 &1 if ,i fully recollect its "*1 an abolitioni/ himself c\ld h>dly h prep>$ a m appropriate pap] = ! occasion4 ,:5ce su* a docum5t--:5ce1 9 ! editorial captions to ?is docum5t1 ! exultation ov] its triumphant refutations ( ! sl&]s ( ! abolitioni/s aga9/ ! ,s\?--b1 t ,gov]nor ,butl] feels--b1 t ! writes ( ^? captions feel--t ! abolitioni/s h put ! ,s\? ^u h] good behavior4 ,ano!r ( y\r *>ges is1 t ! abolitioni/s oppose ! project ( colonisation4 ,hav+1 "u ano!r head1 made "s rem>ks on ?is project1 ,i w only add1 t we mu/ oppose ! ,am]ican ,colonization ,society1 because x d5ies ! s9fulness ( slav]y1 & ! duty ( imm$iate1 unqualifi$ emancipation4 ,its av[$ doctr9e is1 t1 unless emancipation he accompani$ by expatriation1 p]petual slav]y is to be pref]r$ to x4 ,n to oppose t ,society1 w\ld be ! guiltie/ trea*]y to our holy religion1 :i* requires imm$iate & unconditional rep5tance ( s94 ,n to oppose x1 w\ld be to uphold slav]y4 ,n to oppose x1 w\ld be to ab&on ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,d y ask1 :y1 if ?is be ! "* ( ! ,am]ican ,colonization ,society1 _m1 :o are n[ abolitioni/s1 cont9u$ 9 x s long8 ,i answ] = myself1 t1 until ne> ! p]iod ( my )drawal f x1 ,i _h v inadequate conceptions ( ! wick$ness1 bo? ( t ,society1 & ( slav]y4 ,= hav+ felt ! unequall$ s9 ( slav]y no m deeply--= feel+ x n[ no m deeply1 ,i confess myself to be altoge!r )\t excuse4 ,! great crim9ality ( my long cont9uance 9 ! ,colonization ,society is p]haps some:at palliat$ by ! fact1 t ! /ronge/ pro(s ( ! wick$ "* & t5d5cies ( ! ,society 7 n exhibit$1 until x spread out its w+ ov] slav]y to %elt] ! mon/] f ! e>ne/ & effective bl[s ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,ano!r ( y\r *>ges is1 t ! abolitioni/s1 9 decl>+ t _! object is n to /imulate ! action ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 b to op]ate ^u ! ,/ates !mselves1 9 :i* ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y exi/s1 are evid5tly ins9c]e1 s9ce ! abolition societies & movem5ts are all conf9$ to ! free ,slates4 ,i readily admit1 t our object is ! abolition ( slav]y1 z well 9 ! slave ,/ates1 z 9 o!r portions ( ! ,nation1 :]e x exi/s4 ,b1 does x foll[1 because only an insignificant %>e ( our abolition societies & movem5ts is 9 ^? ,/ates1 t we !re=e dep5d = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 !m on ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 r ?an on moral influ5ce8 ,i ne$ n repeat1 t ! *>ge ( our look+ to ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t = su* abolition is refut$ by ! language ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,y may1 h[ev]1 ask--:y1 if y d n look to ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t = x1 is n ! great proportion ( y\r means ( moral influ5ce 9 ! slave ,/ates1 :]e is ! great body ( ! slaves8 ,i answ] t1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,s\? does n p]mit u to h !m !re2 & t1 9 ! words ( "o ( y\r fell[ ,s5ators1 & 9 ! v simil> words ( ano!r--bo? utt]$ on ! floor ( ! ,s5ate--if ! abolitioni/s come to ! ,s\?1 ! ,s\? w hang !m4 ,p>don ! rem>k1 t x seems v dis+5u\s 9 y to draw conclusions unfavorable to ! s9c]ity ( ! abolitioni/s f premises s notori\sly false1 z are ^? :i* imply1 t x is entirely at _! own option1 :e!r ! abolitioni/s %all h _! societies & movem5ts 9 ! free or slave ,/ates4 ,i cont9ue to answ] y\r "q1 by say+1 9 ! second place1 t1 _h ! abolitioni/s full lib]ty to multiply _! societies & movem5ts 9 ! slave ,/ates1 !y w\ld probably ?9k x be/ to h ! great proportion ( !m yet a:ile 9 ! free ,/ates4 ,to rectify public op9ion on ! subject ( slav]y is a lead+ object ) abolitioni/s4 ,?is object is already realiz$ to ! ext5t ( a ?or\gh anti-slav]y s5tim5t 9 ,great ,brita91 z poor ,&rew ,/ev5son1 = :om y apologise1 c te/ify4 ,inde$1 ! great p[] & pressure ( t s5tim5t are ! only apology left to ?is disgrac$ & mis]able man = utt]+ a bald falsehood 9 v9dication ( ,virg9ia morals4 ,he above all o!r m51 mu/ feel ! tru? ( ! di/+ui%$ ,?omas ,f[el ,buxton's decl>ation1 t ,engl& is turn$ into "o great ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,n[1 ,sir1 x is su* a *ange1 z abolitioni/s h be5 ! in/rum5ts ( produc+ 9 ,great ,brita91 t we hope to see produc$ 9 ! free ,/ates4 ,we hope to see public s5tim5t 9 ^! ,/ates s alt]$1 t su* ( _! laws1 z uphold & c\nt5ance slav]y1 w be repeal$--s alt]$1 t ! pres5t brutal treatm5t ( ! color$ population 9 !m w give place to a treatm5t dictat$ by ju/ice1 humanity1 & bro!rly & ,*ri/ian love2--s alt]$1 t !re w be ?\s&s1 :]e n[ !re are n hundr$s1 to class ! products ( slave labor ) o!r /ol5 goods1 & to refuse to eat & to we> t1 :i* is wet ) ! te>s1 & r$ ) ! blood ( ! poor innoc5ts1 ^: bondage is cont9u$1 because m5 are m conc]n$ to buy :at is *eap1 ?an :at is hone/ly acquir$2--s alt]$1 t our ,mission>y & o!r religi\s ,societies w rememb]1 t ,god says3 ,i hate robb]y = burnt-(f]+1 & w =be> to s5d _! ag5ts aft] t plund]1 :i*1 z x is obta9$ at ! sacrifice ( ! body & s\l ( ! plund]$1 is inf9itely m unfit1 ?an ! products ( ord9>y !ft1 to come into ! ,"l's treasury4 ,&1 :5 ! w>m desires ( our he>ts1 on ^! po9ts1 %all be realiz$1 ! fifty ?\s& ,s\!rn]s1 :o annually visit ! ,nor?1 = purposes ( bus9ess & pleasure1 w n all return to _! homes1 self-complac5t & exult+1 z n[1 :5 !y c>ry ) !m ! suffrages ( ! ,nor? 9 favor ( slav]y3 b numb]s ( !m w return to pursue ! ?\ghts inspir$ by _! travels among/ ! enemies ( oppression--&1 9 ! sequel1 !y w let _! oppress$ g free4 ,x 7 almo/ z easy = ! sun to call up vegetation by ! side ( an iceb]g1 z = ! abolitioni/s to move ! ,s\? ext5sively1 :il/ _! influ5ce is c\nt]act$ by a pro-slav]y _s at ! ,nor?4 ,h[ va9 w\ld be ! attempt to re=m ! drunk>ds ( y\r t[n ( ,lex+ton1 :il/ ! sob] 9 x cont9ue to dr9k intoxicat+ liquors6 ,! fir/ /ep 9 ! re=mation is to induce ! sob] to *ange _! habits1 & create t total ab/95ce-atmosph]e1 9 ! brea?+ ( :i*1 ! drunk>d lives1--&1 = ! want ( :i*1 he dies4 ,! fir/ /ep1 9 ! m]ciful "w ( deliv]+ ! slavehold] f 8 s91 is simil>4 ,x is to br+ him "u ! influ5ce ( a correct$ public op9ion--( an anti-slav]y s5tim5t3--& !y1 :o are to be dep5d$ on to contribute to ?is public op9ion--to make up ?is anti-slav]y s5tim5t--are ^?1 :o are n b\nd up 9 ! iron habits1 & bl9d$ by ! mighty int]e/s ( ! slavehold]4 ,to dep5d on slavehold]s to give ! lead to public op9ion 9 ! anti-slav]y ent]prise1 w\ld be no less absurd1 ?an to beg9 ! temp]ance re=mation ) drunk>ds1 & to look to !m to produce ! influ5ces1 :i* are indisp5sable to _! own r$emption4 ,y say ( ! abolitioni/s1 t !y are 9 favor ( amalgamation4 ,! ,anti-,slav]y ,society is1 z its "n imports1 a society to oppose slav]y--n to make mat*es4 ,:e!r abolitioni/s are incl9$ to amalgamation m ?an anti-abolitioni/s are1 ,i w n "h take ^u myself to decide4 ,s f>1 z y & ,i may be reg>d$ z repres5tatives ( ^! two p>ties1 & s f> z our m>riages argue our ta/es 9 ?is matt]1 ! abolitioni/s & anti-abolitioni/s may be set d[n1 z equally dispos$ to c\ple :ite ) :ite & black ) black--= our wives1 z y are aw>e1 are bo? :ite4 ,i w "h m5tion1 z x may fur!r argue ! simil>ity 9 ! matrimonial ta/es ( abolitioni/s & anti-abolitioni/s1 ! fact s grateful to u 9 ! days1 :5 we 7 work]s toge!r 9 promot+ ! s*eme ( ,colonization1 t our wives are natives ( ! same t[n4 ,i h a some:at ext5sive acqua9tance at ! ,nor?2 & ,i c truly say1 t ,i d n "k a :ite abolitioni/1 :o is ! reput$ fa!r ( a color$ *ild4 ,at ! ,s\? !re are sev]al hundr$ ?\s& p]sons1 ^: yell[ sk9s te/ify1 t ! :ite man's blood c\rses ?r\gh _! ve9s4 ,:e!r ! honorable portion ( _! p>5tage is to be ascrib$ exclusively to ! few abolitioni/s scatt]$ ov] ! ,s\?--& :o1 "u su* supposition1 mu/1 inde$1 be prodigies ( indu/ry & prolificness--or :e!r anti-abolitioni/s !re h1 not)/&+ all _! pi\s horror ( amalgamation1 be5 contribut+ to x1 y c bett] judge ?an myself4 ,t slav]y is a great amalgamator1 no "o acqua9t$ ) ! bl5d$ colors ( ! ,s\? w1 = a mom5t1 d5y4 ,b1 t an increas+ amalgamation w\ld att5d ! lib]ation ( ! slaves1 is q improbable1 :5 we reflect1 t ! ext5sive occasions ( ! pres5t mixture are ! extreme debasem5t ( ! blacks & _! entire subjection to ! w ( ! :ites2 & t ev5 %\ld ! debasem5t cont9ue "u a /ate ( fre$om1 ! subjection w\ld n4 ,x is true1 t ! color$ population ( our c\ntry might 9 a /ate ( fre$om1 atta9 to an equality ) ! :ites2 & t a multiplication ( in/ances ( matrimonial union betwe5 ! two races might be a consequ5ce ( ?is equality3 b1 beside1 t ?is w\ld be a lawful & s9less union1 in/ead ( ! adult]\s & wick$ "o1 :i* is ! fruit ( slav]y1 w\ld n ! improv$ condition ( our d[n-trodd5 bre?r5 be a bless+ inf9itely ov]balanc+ all ! violations ( our ta/e1 :i* x might occasion8 ,i say violations ( our ta/e2--= we mu/ be> 9 m9d t1 (f5sive z ! int]mixture ( diff]5t races may be to u1 ! c\ntry or age1 :i* practices x1 has no sympa?y :atev] ) our feel+ on ?is po9t4 ,h[ /rongly & pa9fully x argues ! immorality & irreligion ( ! ,am]ican p1 t !y %\ld look s complac5tly on ! amalgamation1 :i* tramples ! sev5? comm&m5t "u foot1 & yet be s (f5d$ at t1 :i* has ! sanction ( lawful w$lock6 ,:5 ! ,vice ,presid5t ( ?is ,nation 0 9 nom9ation = 8 pres5t (fice1 x 0 object$ to him1 t he _h a family ( color$ *ildr54 ,! def5ce1 set up by 8 p>tisans1 01 t1 al?\gh he _h su* a family1 he nev]!less 0 n m>ri$ to _! "m6 ,! def5ce 0 successful2 & ! *>ge lo/ all its odi\sness2 & ! ,vice ,presid5t's popul>ity 0 retriev$1 :51 x turn$ out1 t he 0 only ! adult]\s1 & n ! m>ri$ fa!r ( 8 *ildr56 ,i am aw>e1 t _m take ! gr\nd1 t we mu/ keep ! slaves 9 slav]y to prev5t ! matrimonial amalgamation1 :i*1 !y appreh5d1 w\ld be a fruit ( fre$om4 ,b1 h[ev] great a good1 abolitioni/s might deem ! sep>ation ( ! :ite & black races1 & h[ev] deeply !y might be impress$ ) ! p[] ( slav]y to promote ?is sep>ation1 !y nev]!less1 d>e n d evil1 t good may come3--!y d>e n seek to promote ?is sep>ation1 at ! fe>ful exp5se ( uphold+1 or 9 anywise1 c\nt5anc+ a humanity-cru%+ & ,god-defy+ sy/em ( oppression4 ,ano!r *>ge aga9/ ! abolitioni/s is impli$ 9 ! inquiry y make1 :e!r s9ce !y d n furni% 9 _! own families or p]sons examples ( int]m>riage1 !y int5d to contam9ate ! indu/ri\s & labori\s classes ( society ( ! ,nor? by a revolt+ admixture ( ! black elem5t4 ,?is inquiry %[s h[ difficult x is = s\!rn m9ds1 accu/om$ z !y h ev] be5 to id5tify labor ) slav]y1 to conceive ! true "* & position ( su* classes at ! ,nor?2 & also h[ ignorant !y are ( ! composition ( our ,anti-,slav]y societies4 ,to correct y\r misappreh5sions on ^! po9ts1 ,i w briefly say1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! labor]s ( ! ,nor? are freem5 & n slaves2--t !y m>ry :om !y please1 & are nei!r pair$ nor unpair$ to suit ! int]e/s ( ! bre$]1 or sell]1 or buy]1 ( human /ock3--&1 9 ! second place1 t ! abolitioni/s1 in/ead ( be+ a body ( p]sons di/9ct f ! indu/ri\s & labori\s classes1 d1 m ?an n9ete5 tw5tie?s ( !m1 belong to ^? classes4 ,y h fall5 into great error 9 suppos+1 t abolitioni/s g5]ally belong to ! weal?y & ari/ocratic classes4 ,?is1 to a great ext5t1 is true ( anti-abolitioni/s4 ,h y nev] he>d ! boa/1 t !re h be5 anti-abolition mobs1 :i* consi/$ ( g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+8 ,y *>ge ^u abolitioni/s ! purpose to create a p9*+ competition betwe5 black labor & :ite labor2 & add1 t on ! supposition ( abolition ! black class1 migrat+ into ! free /ates1 w\ld ent] into competition ) ! :ite class1 dim9i%+ ! wages ( _! labor4 ,9 mak+ ?is *>ge1 z well z 9 mak+ t :i* imm$iately prec$es x1 y h fall5 into ! error1 t abolitioni/s d n belong to ! indu/ri\s & labori\s classes4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! abolitioni/s belong s g5]ally to ^! classes1 t if y\r *>ge be true1 !y mu/ h ! /range purpose ( p9*+ !mselves4 ,:e!r ! black class w\ld1 or w\ld n migrate1 ,i am mu* m pleas$ to h y say :at y d on ?is po9t1 ?\gh x be at ! exp5se ( y\r consi/5cy1 ?an to h y say1 z y d 9 ano!r "p ( y\r spee*1 t abolition w\ld end 9 ! ext]m9ation or subjugation ( ! "o race or ! o!r4 ,x appe>s to me highly improbable1 t emancipation w\ld be foll[$ by ! migration ( ! emancipat$4 ,emancipation1 :i* has already add$ fifty p] c5t4 to ! value ( e/ates 9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 w\ld imm$iately add z mu* to ! value ( ! soil ( ! ,s\?4 ,mu* m ( x w\ld be br\ght into use2 &1 not)/&+ ! und\bt$ tru?1 t ! fre$man p]=ms twice z mu* labor z :5 a slave1 ! ,s\? w\ld require1 in/ead ( any dim9ution1 a v great increase ( ! numb] ( h] labor]s4 ,! labor+ population ( ! ,briti% ,we/ ,india ,isl&s1 is "o-?ird z l>ge z t ( ! s\!rn /ates2 & yet1 s9ce ^! isl&s h got rid ( slav]y1 & h ent]$ on _! c>e] ( ent]prize & indu/ry1 !y f9d ?is population1 great z x is1 insuffici5t to meet ! increas$ dem& = labor4 ,z y are aw>e1 !y are already invit+ labor]s ( ?is & o!r c\ntries to supply ! defici5cy4 ,b :at is ! am\nt ( cultivable l& 9 ^? isl&s1 comp>$ ) t 9 all ! s\!rn /ates8 ,x is n s ext5sive z ! l l& 9 y\r s+le /ate4 ,b y may suppose1 t1 9 ! ev5t ( ! emancipation ( h] slaves1 ! ,s\? w\ld pref] :ite labor]s4 ,i "k n :y %e %\ld4 ,su* are1 = ! mo/ "p1 unaccu/om$ to h] k9ds ( labor1 & !y w\ld exact1 because !y w\ld ne$1 f> great] wages ?an ^?1 :o _h nev] be5 indulg$ beyond ! gratification ( _! simple/ wants4 ,!re is ano!r po9t ( view1 9 :i* x is /ill m improbable1 t ! black labor]s ( ! ,s\? w\ld be displac$ by immigrations ( :ite labor]s4 ,! prov]bial atta*m5t ( ! slave to 8 born9-gr\nd1 7! place ( 8 nativity17 w\ld greatly contribute to 8 cont5tm5t ) l[ wages1 at ! h&s ( 8 old ma/]4 ,z an evid5ce ( ! /rong atta*m5t ( our s\!rn color$ bre?r5 to _! bir?-places1 ,i rem>k1 t1 :il/ ! free color$ population ( ! free /ates increas$ f #ahbj to #ahcj b n9ete5 p] c5t41 ! l population 9 ! slave /ates increas$1 9 ! same p]iod1 ?irty five p] c5t2--& ?is1 too1 not)/&+ ! op]ation ( ^? oppressive & cruel laws1 ^: enactm5t 0 dictat$ by ! settl$ policy ( expell+ ! free blacks f ! ,s\?4 ,t1 9 ! ev5t ( ! abolition ( s\!rn slav]y1 ! emancipat$ slaves w\ld migrate to ! ,nor?1 r ?an else:]e1 is v improbable4 ,:il/ our climate w\ld be unfri5dly to !m1 & :il/ !y w\ld be /rang]s to our modes ( agriculture1 ! sug> & cotton fields ( ,texas1 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & o!r portions ( ! e>?1 w\ld invite !m to cong5ial employm5ts b5ea? cong5ial skies4 ,t1 9 case s\!rn slav]y is aboli%$1 ! color$ population ( ! ,nor? w\ld be drawn (f to unite ) _! race at ! ,s\?1 is1 = reasons too obvi\s to m5tion1 f> m probable ?an ! rev]se4 ,x w be difficult = y to p]suade ! ,nor?1 t %e w\ld suff] 9 a pecuni>y po9t ( view by ! extirpation ( slav]y4 ,! consumption ( ! labor]s at ! ,s\? w\ld keep pace ) ! improvem5t & elevation ( _! condition1 & w\ld v soon imp>t a p[]ful impulse to _m bran*es ( ,nor!rn indu/ry4 ,ano!r ( y\r *>ges is 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,! subject ( slav]y )9 ! ,di/rict ( ,florida1 & t ( ! "r ( ,congress to prohibit ! removal ( slaves f "o /ate to ano!r1 are1 ) abolitioni/s1 b s _m mask$ batt]ies1 conceal+ ! real & ultimate po9t ( attack4 ,t po9t ( attack is ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y1 z x exi/s 9 ^? /ates4 ,if y mean by ?is *>ge1 t abolitioni/s ?9k t ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & 9 ,florida1 & ! suppression ( ! int]/ate traffic 9 human be+s are1 9 !mselves1 ( b little mom5t1 y mi/ake4 ,if y mean1 t !y ?9k !m ( less importance ?an ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! slave /ates1 y are "r2 & if y fur!r mean1 t !y prize ^? objects m highly1 & pursue !m m zeal\sly1 because !y ?9k1 t success 9 !m w set 9 motion v p[]ful1 if n inde$ resi/less influ5ces aga9/ slav]y 9 ! slave /ates1 y are "r 9 ?is also4 ,i am aw>e1 t ! latt] concession br+s abolitioni/s "u ! condemnation ( t celebrat$ book1 writt5 by a mod]n limit] ( human responsibility--n by ! anci5t "o1 :o exclaim$1 ,am ,i my bro!r's keep]8 ,9 t book1 to :i*1 by ! way1 ! infam\s ,a!rton ,resolutions are indebt$ = _! keynote1 & gr& p]vad+ idea1 we f9d ! doctr9e1 t ev5 if x 7 ! duty ( ,congress to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! ,nor? nev]!less %\ld n seek = su* abolition1 unless ! object ( x be ultimate )9 itself4 ,if x be = ! sake ( some?+ ult]ior also--if = ! sake ( induc+ ! slavehold]s ( ! slave /ates to emancipate _! slaves--!n we %\ld n seek = x4 ,let u try ?is doctr9e 9 ano!r application--9 "o1 :]e its di/+ui%$ au?or w n feel s mu* delicacy1 & s mu* fe> ( giv+ (f5ce4 ,8 reason :y we %\ld n g = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 unless our object 9 x be ultimate )9 itself1 & unaccompani$ by ! object ( produc+ an influ5ce aga9/ slav]y 9 ! slave /ates1 is1 t ! ,f$]al ,con/itution has left ! matt] ( slav]y 9 ! slave /ates to ^? /ates !mselves4 ,b w ,presid5t ,wayl& say1 t x has done s to any great] ext5t1 ?an x has left ! matt] ( gambl+-h\ses & bro!ls 9 ^? /ates to ^? /ates !mselves8 ,he w n1 if he consid] ! subject3--?\gh1 ,i d\bt n1 t :5 he wrote 8 bad book1 he 0 "u ! prevail+ error1 t ! ,f$]al ,con/itution ti$ up ! h&s & limit$ ! p[] ( ! ,am]ican p 9 respect to slav]y1 m ?an to any o!r vice4 ,b to ! o!r application4 ,we w suppose1 t ,great ,brita9 has put d[n ! gambl+-h\ses & bro!ls 9 h] wide dom9ions--t ,mexico has done likewise2 & t ! ,george ,?ompsons1 & ,*>les ,/u>ts1 & o!r m5 ( ,god1 h come f ,engl& to besee* ! p ( ! nor!rn /ates to d likewise )9 _! respective jurisdictions2--& we w fur!r suppose1 t ^? =eign mission>ies1 kn[+ ! ob/9ate & infatuat$ atta*m5t ( ! p ( ! s\!rn /ates to _! gambl+-h\ses & bro!ls1 %\ld attempt1 & successfully1 too1 to bl5d ) ! motive ( ! p ( ! nor!rn /ates to get rid ( _! own gambl+ h\ses & bro!ls1 ! motive ( influ5c+ ! p ( ! s\!rn /ates to get rid ( !irs--:at1 we ask1 w\ld ?is em95t div9e advise 9 su* a case8 ,w\ld he h ! p ( ! nor!rn /ates g on 9 _! good "w1 & rejoice 9 ! prospect1 n only t ^! pollut+ & ru9\s e/abli%m5ts w\ld soon cease to exi/ )9 all _! limits1 b t ! influ5ce ( _! ov]?r[ w\ld be fatal to ! l e/abli%m5ts 9 ! s\!rn /ates8 ,to be consi/5t ) himself--) ! doctr9e 9 "q--he mu/ reply 9 ! negative4 ,to be consi/5t ) himself1 he mu/ advise ! p ( ! nor!rn /ates to let _! own gambl+-h\ses & bro!ls /&1 until !y c make ! object ( _! aboli%m5t ultimate )9 itself2--until !y c expel f _! he>ts ! *]i%$ hope1 t ! purification ( _! own /ates ( ^! haunts ( wick$ness w\ld ex]t an influ5ce to induce ! p ( _! si/] /ates to ent] ^u a simil> "w ( purity & righte\sness4 ,b ,i tru/1 t ,presid5t ,wayl& w\ld n desire to be consi/5t ) himself on ?is po9t4 ,i tru/ t he w\ld h ! magnanimity to ?r[ away ?is p]haps mo/ p]nici\s doctr9e ( a p]nici\s book1 :i* e read] ( x mu/ see 0 writt5 to flatt] & please ! slavehold] & arre/ ! progress ( ! anti-slav]y cause4 ,h[ great ! s9 ( seiz+ on ?is v "t1 :5 special ef=ts are be+ made to enli/ ! _w's sympa?ies 9 behalf ( ! millions ( our robb$1 outrag$1 cru%$ c\ntrym5--h[ great ! s91 ( seiz+ on su* a "t to attempt to neutralize ^? ef=ts1 by ascrib+ to ! oppressors ( ^! millions a *>act]i/ic nobl5ess--en?usia/ic atta*m5t to p]sonal "r--dis9t]e/$ness :i* has always m>k$ ! s\!rn "*--& a sup]iority to all o!rs 9 mak+ any sacrifice = ! public good6 ,x is ?is s9--?is he9\s s9--( :i* ,presid5t ,wayl& has to rep5t4 ,if he pities ! slave1 x is because he kn[s1 t ! qualities1 :i* he ascribes to ! slavehold]1 d n1 9 fact1 belong to him4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if he believes ! slavehold] to be1 :at he repres5ts him to be1 he does n--9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 he _c--pity ! slave4 ,he mu/ r rejoice1 t ! slave has fall5 into ! h&s ( "o1 :o1 ?\gh he has ! "n1 _c h ! he>t1 & _c cont9ue 9 ! relation ( a slavehold]4 ,if ,john ,hook1 = hav+ m+l$ 8 discordant & selfi% cries ) ! acclamations ( victory & !n g5]al joy1 des]v$ ,patrick ,h5ry's memorable rebuke1 :at does he n des]ve1 :o f9ds x 9 8 he>t to arre/ ! swell+ tide ( pity = ! oppress$ by praises ( ! oppressor1 & to dr[n ! public lam5t ov] ! slave's subjection to absolute p[]1 9 ! congratulation1 t ! slavehold] :o ex]cises t p[]1 is a be+ ( *>act]i/ic nobl5ess1 dis9t]e/$ness1 & sacrifice ( self-int]e/8 ,presid5t ,wayl& may p]haps say1 t ! moral influ5ce1 :i* he is unwill+ to h ex]t$ ov] ! slavehold]1 is n t1 :i* is simply p]suasive1 b t1 :i* is con/ra9+--n t1 :i* is simply induc+1 b t1 :i* is compell+4 ,i *e]fully admit1 t x is inf9itely bett] to induce m5 to d "r f _! own approbation ( ! "r1 ?an x is to %ame !m1 or 9 any o!r wise con/ra9 !m1 to d s2 b ,i c nev] admit1 t ,i am n at lib]ty to effect ! release ( my color$ bro!r f ! fangs ( 8 murd]\s oppressor1 :5 ,i c d s by br++ public op9ion to be> ^u t oppressor1 & to fill him ) uneas9ess & %ame4 ,i h n1 ov]look$ ! di/9ction tak5 by ! rev]5d g5tleman2 ?\gh1 ,i confess t1 to a m9d no less obtuse ?an my own1 x is v little bett] ?an a di/9ction )\t a diff]5ce4 ,:il/ he d5ies1 t ,i c1 z an ,am]ican citiz51 rightfully labor = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! slave /ates1 or ev5 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 he w\ld p]haps1 admit t1 z a man1 ,i might d s4 ,b am ,i n int]e/$1 z an ,am]ican citiz51 to h e "p ( my c\ntry cle>$ ( vice1 & ( :atev] p]ils its free in/itutions8 ,am ,i n int]e/$1 z su*1 to promote ! ov]?r[ ( gambl+ & rum dr9k+ e/abli%m5ts 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a8--b :y any m ?an to promote ! ov]?r[ ( slav]y8 ,9 f9e1 am ,i n int]e/$1 z an ,am]ican citiz51 to h my c\ntry1 & my :ole c\ntry1 "r 9 ! sight ( ,god8 ,if n1 ,i _h bett] n be an ,am]ican citiz54 ,i say no m on ! subject ( ! sophi/ries ( ,presid5t ,wayl&'s book on1 ,! limitations ( human responsibility2 nor w\ld ,i h said :at ,i h1 7 x n t x is 9 reply to ! l sophi/ries c\*$ 9 t objection ( y\rs1 :i* ,i h n[ be5 consid]+4 ,ano!r ( y\r *>ges aga9/ ! abolitioni/s is1 t !y seek to /imulate ! rage ( ! p ( ! free /ates aga9/ ! p ( ! slave /ates4 ,adv]tisem5ts ( fugitive slaves & ( slaves to be sold are c>efully collect$ & blazon$ =? to infuse a _s ( dete/ation & hatr$ aga9/ "o entire & ! l>ge/ section ( ! ,union4 ,! slavehold]s ( ! ,s\? repres5t slav]y z a heav5-born in/itution--!mselves z patri>*s & patt]ns ( b5evol5ce--& _! slaves1 z _! t5d]ly treat$ & happy dep5d5ts4 ,! abolitioni/s1 on ! contr>y1 ?9k t slav]y is f hell--t slavehold]s are ! wor/ ( robb]s--& t _! slaves are ! wret*$ victims ( unsurpass$ cruelties4 ,n[1 h[ d abolitioni/s propose to settle ! po9ts at issue8--by fanciful pictures ( ! abom9ations ( slav]y to c\nt]vail ! l pictures ( its bless$ness8--by m]e ass]tions aga9/ slav]y1 to balance m]e ass]tions 9 its favor8 ,no--b by ! p]fectly reasonable & fair means ( exam9+ slav]y 9 ! light ( its own code--( judg+ ( ! "* ( ! slavehold] 9 ! light ( 8 own conduct--& ( argu+ ! condition ( ! slave f unequivocal evid5ces ( ! light 9 :i* ! slave himself views x4 ,to ?is end we publi% extracts f ! s\!rn slave code1 :i* g to %[ t slav]y subjects its victims to ! absolute control ( _! err+ fell[ m5--t x )holds f !m m>riage & ! ,bible--t x classes !m ) brutes & ?+s--& annihilates ! di/9ctions betwe5 m9d & matt]4 ,to ?is end we republi% 9 "p1 or entirely1 pamphlets & books1 9 :i* s\!rn m5 exhibit1 ) _! own p5s1 "s ( ! horrid features ( slav]y4 ,to ?is end we also republi% su* adv]tisem5ts z y ref] to--adv]tisem5ts 9 :i* immortal be+s1 made 9 ! image ( ,god1 & r$eem$ by a ,savior's blood1 & brea!d ^u by ! ,holy ,_s1 are (f]$ to be sold1 at public auction1 or %]iff's sale1 9 connection ) c[s1 & horses1 & pl\ghs3 &1 sometimes we call special att5tion to ! common fact1 t ! husb& & wife1 ! p>5t & infant *ild1 are adv]tis$ to be sold toge!r or sep>ately1 z %all be/ suit pur*as]s4 ,x is to ?is end also1 t we (t5 republi% specim5s ( ! o!r class ( adv]tisem5ts to :i* y ref]4 ,"s ( ! adv]tisem5ts ( ?is class id5tify ! fugitive slave by ! sc>s1 :i* ! :ip1 or ! manacles & fett]s1 or ! rifle _h made on 8 p]son4 ,"s ( !m (f] a rew>d = 8 head6--& x is to ?is same end1 t we (t5 ref] to ! t5 ?\s&s1 :o h fl$ f s\!rn slav]y1 & ! fifty fold t numb]1 :o h unsuccessfully attempt$ to fly f x4 ,h[ unutt]able mu/ be ! horrors ( ! s\!rn prison h\se1 & h[ /rong & undy+ ! inh]5t love ( lib]ty to induce ^! wret*$ fell[ be+s to brave ! p]ils :i* clu/] s ?ickly & frightfully ar\nd _! attempt$ escape8 ,t love is inde$ undy+4 ,! ?ree hundr$ & fifty-?ree ,s\? ,c>ol9a g5tlem51 to :om ,i h ref]r$1 admit1 t ev5 ! old negro man1 ^: head is :ite ) age1 raises 8 ?\ghts to look ?r\gh ! vi/a :i* w t]m9ate 8 bondage4 ,i put x to y\r c&or--c y object to ! reasonabl5ess & fairness ( ^! modes1 :i* abolitioni/s h adopt$ = e/abli%+ ! tru? on ! po9ts at issue betwe5 !mselves & slavehold]s8 ,b1 y may say t our republication ( y\r own repres5tations ( slav]y proce$s f unk9d motives1 & s]ves to /ir up ! hatr$1 & rage ( ! p ( ! free /ates aga9/ ! p ( ! slave /ates4 ,if su* be an effect ( ! republication1 al?\gh n at all responsible = x1 we deeply regret x2 &1 z to our motives1 we c only meet ! affirmation ( _! unk9dness ) a simple d5ial4 ,7 we1 h[ev]1 to admit ! unk9dness ( our motives1 & t we d n always adh]e to ! apo/olic motto1 ( speak+ ! tru? 9 love--w\ld ! admission *ange ! features ( slav]y1 or make x any ! less a sy/em ( pollution & blood8 ,is ! accus$ any ! less a murd]]1 because ( ! improp] motives ) :i* 8 accus] br+s =w>d ! conclusive pro( ( 8 blood-guilt9ess8 ,we (t5 see1 9 ! spee*es & writ+s ( ! ,s\?1 t slavehold]s claim z absolute & z rightful a prop]ty 9 _! slaves1 z 9 _! cattle4 ,:5ce !n _! s5sitiv5ess "u our republication ( ! adv]tisem5ts1 is :i* !y (f] to sell _! human /ock8 ,if ! s\? w republi% ! adv]tisem5ts ( our prop]ty1 we w only n be displeas$1 b w ?ank h]2 & any rebukes %e may see fit to p\r ^u u1 = (f]+ p>ticul> k9ds ( prop]ty1 w be v pati5tly borne1 9 view ( ! b5efit we %all reap f h] copies ( our adv]tisem5ts4 ,a fur!r *>ge 9 y\r spee* is1 t ! abolitioni/s pursue _! object reckless ( all consequ5ces1 h[ev] calamit\s !y may be2 t !y h no horror ( a civil w>1 or a dissolution ( ! ,union2 t !irs is a bloody road1 & _! purpose is abolition1 univ]sal abolition1 peaceably if x c1 =cibly if x mu/4 ,x is true t1 ! abolitioni/s pursue _! object1 undi/urb$ by appreh5sions ( consequ5ces2 b x is n true1 t !y pursue x reckless ( consequ5ces4 ,we believe t !y1 :o unfl9*+ly press ! claims ( ,god's tru?1 des]ve to be consid]$ z f> less reckless ( consequ5ces1 ?an !y1 :o1 suff]+ !mselves to be ?r[n into a panic by appreh5sions ( "s mis*iev\s results1 local or g5]al1 imm$iate or remote1 are guilty ( compromis+ ! tru?1 & sub/itut+ corrupt exp$i5cy = x4 ,we believe t ! consequ5ces ( obey+ ! tru? & foll[+ ,god are good--only good--& t too1 n only 9 et]nity1 b 9 "t also4 ,we believe1 t _h ! confid5tly anticipat$ deluge ( blood foll[$ ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies1 ! calamity w\ld h be5 ! consequ5ce1 n ( abolition1 b ( resi/ance to x4 ,! insanity1 :i* has be5 kn[n to foll[ ! exhibition ( ! claims ( ,*ri/ianity1 is to be *>g$ on ! refusal to fall 9 ) ^? claims1 & n on our holy religion4 ,b1 not)/&+1 we deem x our duty & privilege to conf9e ourselves to ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 & to make t ^w suffice to prev5t all fe>s ( consequ5ces2 we1 nev]!less1 employ additional means to dispel ! al>ms ( ^?1 :o insi/ on walk+ by sight2 &1 9 ?us accommodat+ ourselves to _! want ( fai?1 we are ju/ifi$ by ! example ( ,him1 :o1 ?\gh he said1 bless$ are !y t h n se5 & yet h believ$1 nev]!less p]mitt$ an unbeliev+ disciple1 bo? to see & to t\* ! pr9ts ( ! nails & ! spe>4 ,:5 deal+ ) su* unbeliev]s1 we d n conf9e ourselves to ! ?us sai? ! ,"l--to ! ,div9e comm&1 to let ! oppress$ g free & break e yoke--to ! fact1 t ,god is an abolitioni/3 b we also %[ h[ contr>y to all s\nd philosophy is ! fe>1 t ! slave1 on :om h be5 heap$ all imag9able outrages1 w1 :5 ^? outrages are ex*ang$ = ju/ice & m]cy1 turn & r5d 8 p5it5t ma/]4 ,:5 deal+ ) su* unbeliev]s1 we adv]t to ! fact1 t ! insurrections at ! ,s\? h be5 ! "w ( slaves--n "o ( !m ( p]sons dis*>g$ f slav]y3 we %[ h[ happy 7 ! fruits ( emancipation 9 ,/4 ,dom+o3 & t ! horrors ( ,/4 ,dom+o1 by ! p>ad+ ( :i* s _m h be5 det]r$ f esp\s+ our righte\s cause1 7 ! result ( ! attempt to re-e/abli% slav]y4 ,:5 deal+ ) !m1 we ask att5tion to ! pres5t peaceful1 prosp]\s1 & happy condition ( ! ,briti% ,we/ ,india ,isl&s1 :i* s triumphantly falsifies ! pr$ictions1 t bankruptcy1 viol5ce1 blood%$1 & utt] ru9 w\ld foll[ ! lib]ation ( _! slaves4 ,we po9t ^! fe>ful & unbeliev+ ones to ! fact ( ! v favorable influ5ce ( ! abolition ( slav]y on ! price ( real e/ate 9 ^? isl&s2 to t ( ! pres5t rapid multiplication ( s*ools & *ur*es 9 !m2 to ! fact1 t s9ce ! abolition ( slav]y1 on ! fir/ day ( ,augu/ #ahcd1 n a :ite man 9 all ^? isl&s has be5 /ruck d[n by ! arm ( a color$ man2 & !n we ask !m :e!r 9 view ( su* facts1 !y are n prep>$ to believe1 t ,god connects safety ) ob$i5ce1 & t x is be/ to tru/ 9 ! ,"l ) all ?9e he>t1 & lean n to ?9e own und]/&+4 ,on ! subject ( a dissolution ( ! ,union1 ,i h only to say1 t1 on ! "o h&1 !re is no?+ 9 my judgm5t1 :i*1 "u ,god1 w\ld t5d s mu* to pres]ve our ,republic1 z ! c>ry+ out into all our social1 political & religi\s in/itutions ( its great f\ndation pr9ciple1 t all m5 are creat$ equal2 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 ! flagrant violation ( t pr9ciple 9 ! sy/em ( slav]y1 is do+ m ?an all ?+1 else to ha/5 ! de/ruction ( ! ,republic4 ,i am aw>e1 t "o ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,s\? is1 t slav]y is ! corn]-/one ( ! republican edifice4 ,b1 if x be true1 t our political in/itutions h>monize )1 & are su/a9$ by slav]y1 !n ! soon] we ex*ange !m = o!rs ! bett]4 ,i am aw>e1 t x is said1 bo? at ! ,nor? & at ! ,s\?1 t x is ess5tial to ! pres]vation ( ! ,union4 ,b1 greatly z ,i love ! ,union1 & mu* z ,i w\ld sacrifice = its righte\s cont9uance1 ,i _c hesitate to say1 t if slav]y be an indisp5sable cem5t1 ! soon] x is dissolv$ ! bett]4 ,i am n displeas$1 t y call ours a bloody road--= ?is language does n necess>ily implicate our motives2 b ,i am greatly surpris$ t y *>ge ^u u ! wick$ & murd]\s purpose ( a =cible abolition4 ,9 reply to ?is imputation1 ,i ne$ only ref] y to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society--to ! ,decl>ation ( ! ,conv5tion :i* fram$ x--& to our *>act]s1 = pl$ges1 t we design no =ce1 & are n likely to /a9 our s\ls ) ! crime ( murd]4 ,t ,con/itution says3 ,?is society w nev]1 9 any way1 c\nt5ance ! oppress$ 9 v9dicat+ _! rights by resort+ to physical =ce4 ,! ,decl>ation says ,our pr9ciples =bid ! do+ ( evil t good may come1 & lead u to reject1 & to entreat ! oppress$ to reject1 ! use ( all c>nal weapons = deliv]ance f bondage4 ,our measures %all be su* only1 z ! opposition ( moral purity to moral corruption--! de/ruction ( error by ! pot5cy ( tru?--! ov]?r[ ( prejudice by ! p[] ( love--& ! abolition ( slav]y by ! _s ( rep5tance4 ,z to our *>act]s !y are be=e ! _w4 ,y w\ld probably look 9 va9 ?r\gh our ranks = a horse-rac]1 a gambl]1 a pr(ane p]son1 a rum-dr9k]1 or a duelli/4 ,m ?an n9e-t5?s ( u d5y ! rightfulness ( (f5sive1 & a l>ge majority1 ev5 t ( def5sive national w>s4 ,a /ill l>g] majority believe1 t deadly weapons %\ld n be us$ 9 cases ( individual /rife4 ,&1 if y %\ld ask1 :]e 9 ! free ,/ates are ! increas+ numb]s ( m5 & wom51 :o believe1 t ! religion ( ! unresi/+ ',lamb ( ,god' =bids rec\rse to su* weapons1 9 all circum/ances1 ei!r by nations or individuals8--! answ] is1 to a man1 to a woman1 9 ! ranks ( ! abolitioni/s4 ,y & o!rs w judge = y\rselves1 h[ probable x is1 t ! p]sons1 :om ,i h describ$1 w prove wor?y ( be+ held up z murd]]s4 ,! la/ ( y\r *>ges aga9/ ! abolitioni/s1 :i* ,i %all exam9e1 is ! foll[+3 ,hav+ begun _! op]ations by pr(ess+ to employ only p]suasive means1 !y h ceas$ to employ ! in/rum5ts ( reason & p]suasion1 & !y n[ propose to sub/itute ! p[]s ( ! ballot box2 & ! inevitable t5d5cy ( _! proce$+s is if ^! %\ld be f\nd insuffici5t1 to invoke f9ally ! m pot5t p[]s ( ! bayonet4 ,if ! slavehold]s w\ld b let u draw on !m = ! six or eight ?\s& doll>s1 :i* we exp5d mon?ly to su/a9 our presses & lectur]s1 !y w\ld !n "k1 f an exp]i5ce too pa9ful to be =gott51 h[ tru?less is y\r decl>ation1 t we h ceas$ to employ ! in/rum5ts ( reason & p]suasion4 ,y & y\r fri5ds1 at fir/1 employ$ p]suasive means aga9/ ! sub-treasury sy/em4 ,aft]w>ds1 y ralli$ vot]s aga9/ x4 ,n[1 if ?is fail1 w y resort to ! m pot5t p[]s ( ! bayonet8 ,y promptly & indignantly answ]1 ,no4 ,b1 :y w y n8 ,is x because ! prom95t oppos]s ( t sy/em h m moral wor?--m religi\s horror ( blood--?an ,ar?ur ,tappan1 ,william ,jay1 & _! prom95t abolition fri5ds8 ,7 su* to be y\r answ]1 ! public w\ld judge1 :e!r ! m5 ( peace & purity1 :o compose ! mass ( abolitioni/s1 w\ld be m likely ?an ! ,clays & ,wises & ! great body ( ! foll[]s ( ^! ,congressional lead]s to betake !mselves f a disappo9tm5t at ! ballot-box to ! m pot5t p[]s ( ! bayonet8 ,y say1 t we n[ propose to sub/itute ! p[]s ( ! ballot-box1 z if x 7 only ( late1 t we _h propos$ to d s4 ,:at !n means ! foll[+ language 9 our ,con/itution3 ,! society w also endeavor 9 a ,con/itutional way to influ5ce ,congress to put an end to ! dome/ic slave-trade1 & to aboli% slav]y 9 all ^? portions ( our common c\ntry1 :i* come "u its control--especially 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia--& likewise to prev5t ! ext5sion ( x to any ,/ate1 t may be h]eaft] admitt$ to ! ,union8 ,:at !n means ! foll[+ language 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ! ,conv5tion1 :i* fram$ our ,con/itution3 ,we also ma9ta91 t !re are at ! pres5t "t ! highe/ obligations re/+ ^u ! p ( ! ,free ,/ates to remove slav]y by moral & political action1 z prescrib$ 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,if x be = ! fir/ "t1 t we n[ propose political action1 :at means x1 t anti-slav]y presses h1 f ye> to ye>1 call$ on abolitioni/s to rememb] ! slave at ! polls8 ,y are deceiv$ on ?is po9t2 & ! rapid gr[? ( our cause has be5 ! occasion ( y\r deception4 ,y suppose1 because x is only )9 ! la/ few mon?s1 t y h he>d ( abolitioni/s 9 ?is c\ntry c>ry+ _! cause to ! ballot box1 t x is only )9 ! la/ few mon?s t !y h done s4 ,b1 9 po9t ( fact1 "s ( !m h done s = sev]al ye>s4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 until ! la/ ye> or two1 :5 ! numb] ( abolitioni/s _h become consid]able1 & _! hope ( produc+ an impression on ! ,elections proportionately /rong1 t _m ( !m 7 se5 br++ _! abolition pr9ciples to ! ballot-box4 ,nor 0 x until ! ,elections ( ! la/ ,autumn1 t abolition action at ! ballot-box _h become s ext5sive1 z to apprise ! ,nation1 t x is a pr9ciple ) abolitioni/s to rememb] 9 "o place z well z 9 ano!r--at ! polls z well z 9 ! closet--!m t are 9 bonds4 ,! fact t1 at ! la/ ,/ate ,election1 !re 7 ?ree or f\r hundr$ abolition votes giv5 9 ! ,c\nty 9 :i* ,i reside1 is no m real because ( its wide spread int]e/1 ?an ! comp>atively unhe>d ( fact1 t ab\t "o hundr$ su* votes 7 giv5 ! ye> be=e4 ,by ! way1 :5 ,i he> compla9ts ( abolition action at ! ballot-box1 ,i c h>dly refra9 f believ+1 t !y are made ironically4 ,:5 ,i he> compla9ts1 t ! abolitioni/s ( ?is ,/ate ralli$1 z su*1 at ! la/ ,/ate ,election1 ,i _c easily avoid suspect+1 t ! purpose ( su* compla9ts is ! malici\s "o ( reviv+ 9 our brea/s ! truly /++ & %ame-fill+ recollection1 t "s five-six?s ( ! vot]s 9 our ranks1 ei!r op5ly apo/atiz$ f our pr9ciples1 or took x into _! heads1 t ! bett] way to vote = ! slave & ! anti-slav]y cause 0 to vote = _! respective political p>ties4 ,y w\ld be less afraid ( ! abolitioni/s1 if ,i %\ld tell y t m ?an t5 ?\s& ( !m 9 ?is ,/ate vot$ at ! la/ ,/ate ,election1 = c&idates = law mak]s1 :o 7 op5ly 9 favor ( ! law ( ?is ,/ate1 :i* creates slav]y1 & ( o!r laws1 :i* c\nt5ance & uphold x4 ,& y w\ld owe me = "o ( y\r he>tie/ laughs1 7 ,i to tell y1 t !re are abolitioni/s--pr(ess$ abolitioni/s--yes1 actual memb]s ( ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society--:o1 c>ry+ out ?is delusion ( help+ ! slave by help+ _! p>ty1 say1 t !y w\ld vote ev5 = a slavehold]1 if _! p>ty %\ld nom9ate him4 ,let me rem>k1 h[ev]1 t ,i am happy to be able to in=m y1 t ?is delusion--at lea/ 9 my own ,/ate--is fa/ pass+ away2 & t ?\s&s ( ! abolitioni/s :o1 9 vot+ la/ ,autumn = ,gov4 ,m>ey or ,gov4 ,sew>d1 took ! fir/ /ep 9 ! way1 t leads to vot+ = ! slavehold] himself1 are n[ n only refus+ to take ano!r /ep 9 t inconsi/5t & wick$ way1 b are rep5t+ deeply ( t1 :i* !y h already tak5 9 x4 ,mu* z y dislike1 n to say dread1 abolition action at ! ballot-box1 ,i presume1 t ,i ne$ n sp5d any "t 9 expla9+ to y ! inconsi/5cy ( :i* an abolitioni/ is guilty1 :o votes = an uphold] ( slav]y4 ,a :olesome citiz5 w\ld n vote fur a c&idate = a law mak]1 :o is 9 favor ( laws1 :i* au?orize gam+-h\ses or grogg]ies4 ,b1 9 ! eye ( "o1 :o 8 attempt$ to take ! guage & dim5sions ( ! hell ( slav]y1 ! laws1 :i* au?orize slavehold+1 f> transc5d 9 wick$ness1 ^?1 :i* au?orize gam+-h\ses or grogg]ies4 ,y w\ld n vote = a c&idate = a law-mak]1 :o is 9 favor ( ! sub-treasury sy/em4 ,b comp>$ ) ! evil ( slav]y1 :at is t ( ! mo/ p]nici\s curr5cy s*eme ev] devis$8 ,x is to be c\nt$ z ! small du/ ( ! balance4 ,if y w\ld )hold y\r vote 9 ! case suppos$--h[ gross 9 y\r eyes mu/ be ! inconsi/5cy ( ! abolitioni/1 :o ca/s 8 vote on ! side ( ! sy/em ( fa?omless iniquity6 ,i h already rem>k$ on ! ?ird ( ! imp$im5ts or ob/acles to emancipation1 :i* y br+ to view4 ,! fir/ imp$im5t1 y say1 is ! utt] & absolute want ( all p[] on ! "p ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t to effect ! purpose4 ,b because !re is ?is want on ! "p ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 x does n foll[1 t x also exi/s on ! "p ( ! ,/ates3 nor does x foll[1 t x also exi/s on ! "p ( ! slavehold]s !mselves4 ,x is a poor plea ( y\r neighbor = cont9u+ to hold 8 fell[ man 9 slav]y1 t nei!r ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t nor ! ,/ate ( ,k5tucky has p[] to emancipate !m4 ,su* a plea is ab\t z valid1 z t ( ! girl = n hav+ p]=m$ ! task1 :i* h] mi/ress _h assign$ to h]4 ,i 0 ti$ to ! table4 ,:o ti$ y !re8 ,i ti$ myself !re4 ,! next ob/acle1 y say1 9 ! way ( abolition arises out ( ! fact ( ! pres5ce 9 ! slave /ates ( ?ree millions ( slaves4 ,?is is1 inde$ a =midable ob/acle3 & ,i admit1 t x is z mu* m difficult = ! imp5it5t slavehold] to surm\nt x1 ?an x w\ld be if !re 7 b "o million ( slaves1 z x is = ! imp5it5t ?ief to re/ore ! money he has /ol51 ?an x w\ld be1 if ! sum 7 "o ?ird z great4 ,b1 be n disc\rag$1 de> sir1 ) ?is view ( ! case4 ,not)/&+ ! magnitude ( ! ob/acle1 ! w>me/ desires ( y\r he>t = ! abolition ( slav]y1 may yet be realiz$4 ,be ?ankful1 t rep5tance c avail 9 e case ( iniquity2 t x c loos5 ! grasp ( ! man-?ief1 z well z t ( ! money-?ief3 ( ! oppressors ( ?\s&s z well z ( hundr$s3--( ?ree millions1 z well z ( "o million4 ,b1 7 ,i to all[1 t ! ob/acle 9 "q1 is z great1 z y reg>d x--nev]!less w x n increase ) ! lapse ( ye>s1 & become less sup]able ! long] ! "w ( abolition is po/pon$8 ,i suppose1 h[ev]1 t x is n to be disguis$1 t1 not)/&+ ! occasional attempts 9 ! c\rse ( y\r spee* to create a diff]5t impression1 y are 9 favor ( p]petual slav]y2 & t all y say ab\t ultra abolitioni/s 9 di/9ction f abolitioni/s1 & ab\t gradual emancipation1 9 di/9ction f imm$iate emancipation1 is said1 b to please ^?1 :o s9c]ely make1 & are gull$ by1 su* di/9ctions4 ,i d n =get1 t y say1 t ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ,p5nsylvania 0 prop]4 ,b1 mo/ obvi\sly1 y say x1 to w9 favor ) ! anti-slav]y portion ( ! ,nor?1 & to su/a9 ! _w's op9ion ( y\r devotion to ! cause ( univ]sal lib]ty2--=1 hav+ made ?is small concession to t holy cause--small inde$1 s9ce ,p5nsylvania nev] at any "o "t1 _h five ?\s& slaves--y1 /raightway1 r5ew y\r claims to ! confid5ce ( slavehold]s1 by assur+ !m1 t y are oppos$ to any s*eme :atev] ( emancipation1 gradual or imm$iate1 9 ,/ates :]e ! slave population is ext5sive2--&1 = pro( ( ! s9c]ity ( y\r decl>ation1 y ref] !m to ! fact ( y\r rec5t op5 & effective opposition to ! ov]?r[ ( slav]y 9 y\r own ,/ate4 ,! ,s\? is oppos$ to gradual1 z well z to imm$iate emancipation3 &1 7 %e1 inde$1 to ent] ^u a s*eme ( gradual emancipation1 %e w\ld spe$ily ab&on x4 ,! objections to swell+ ! numb] ( h] free color$ population1 :il/ %e cont9u$ to hold _! bre?r5 ( ! same race 9 bondage1 w\ld be f\nd too real & al>m+ to ju/ify h] p]sev]ance 9 ! s*eme4 ,h[ /range1 t m5 at ! ,nor?1 :o ?9k s\ndly on o!r subjects1 %\ld d$uce ! feasibility ( gradual emancipation 9 ! slave /ates--9 "s ( :i* ! slaves outnumb] ! free--f ! fact ( ! l emancipation ( ! comp>ative h&ful ( slaves 9 ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania6 ,y say1 ,x is frequ5tly ask$1 :at w become ( ! ,african race among u8 ,are !y =ev] to rema9 9 bondage8 ,t "q 0 ask$ m ?an half a c5tury ago4 ,x has be5 answ]$ by fifty ye>s ( prosp]ity4 ,! wick$ man1 spread+ himself l ! gre5 bay tree1 w\ld answ] ?is "q1 z y h4 ,!y1 :o walk aft] _! own lu/s1 say+1 :]e is ! promise ( 8 com+--= s9ce ! fa!rs fell asleep all ?+s cont9ue z !y 7 f ! beg9n+ ( ! creation8 w\ld answ] x1 z y h4 ,!y1 ^: he>t is fully set 9 !m to d evil1 because s5t5ce aga9/ an evil "w is n execut$ spe$ily1 w\ld answ] x1 z y h4 ,b1 h[ev] y or !y may answ] x1 & al?\gh ,god may delay 8 com+ & ! execution ( 8 s5t5ce1 x1 nev]!less1 rema9s true1 t x %all be well ) !m t fe> ,god1 b x %all n be well ) ! wick$4 ,fifty ye>s ( prosp]ity6 ,on ^: te/imony d we le>n1 t ! la/ fifty ye>s h be5 ye>s ( prosp]ity to ! ,s\?8--on ! te/imony ( oppressors or on t ( ! oppress$8--on t ( h] two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& slavehold]s--= ?is is ! sum total ( ! tyrants1 :o rule ! ,s\? & rule ?is nation--or on t ( h] two millions & ?ree qu>t]s ( ble$+ & cru%$ slaves8 ,x may well be1 t ^? ( ! ,s\?1 :o h liv$ 9 pleasure on ! e>? & be5 wanton & h n\ri%$ _! he>ts z 9 a day ( slaught]1 %\ld speak ( prosp]ity3 b1 be=e we admit1 t ! prosp]ity1 ( :i* !y speak1 is t ( ! ,s\?1 in/ead ( !mselves m]ely1 we mu/ turn our weep+ eyes to ! labor]s1 :o h reap$ d[n _! oppressors' fields )\t wages1 & ! cries ( :om are ent]$ into ! e>s ( ! ,"l ( ,sabao?2 & we mu/ also take into ! acc\nt ! te>s1 & sweat1 & groans1 & blood1 ( ! millions ( simil> labor]s1 :om1 dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s1 dea? has m]cifully releas$ f ,s\!rn bondage4 ,talks ! slavehold] ( ! prosp]ity ( ! ,s\?8 ,x is b 8 own prosp]ity--& a prosp]ity1 su* z ! wolf may boa/1 :5 gorg+ on ! flock4 ,y say1 t ! p ( ! ,nor? w\ld n ?9k x neighborly & fri5dly if ! p ( ! slave /ates 7 to =m societies1 subsidize presses1 make l>ge pecuni>y contributions1 c4 to burn ! beautiful capitals1 de/roy ! productive manufactories1 & s9k ! gallant %ips ( ! nor!rn /ates4 ,inde$1 !y w\ld n6 ,b1 if y 7 to g to su* pa9s1 & exp5se = ! purpose ( reliev+ our poor1 d\bl+ our weal?1 & promot+ ! spiritual int]e/s ( bo? ri* & poor--!n we %\ld bless y = practis+ a b5evol5ce t[>ds u1 s l t1 :i* abolitioni/s practise t[>ds y2 & !n our *ildr51 & *ildr5's *ildr51 w\ld bless y\r memories1 ev5 z y\r *ildr5 & *ildr5's *ildr5 w1 if s\!rn slav]y be peacefully aboli%$1 bless our memories1 & lam5t t _! ance/ors _h be5 guilty ( con/ru+ our love into hatr$1 & our purpose ( naught b good into a purpose ( unm+l$ evil4 ,ne> ! close ( y\r spee* is ! rem>k3 ,i pref] ! lib]ty ( my own c\ntry to t ( any o!r p4 ,ano!r di/+ui%$ ,am]ican /atesman utt]$ ! applaud$ s5tim5t3 ,my c\ntry--my :ole c\ntry--& no?+ b my c\ntry2--& a sc>cely less di/+ui%$ c\ntryman ( ours comm&$ ! public praise1 by say+3 ,my c\ntry "r--b my c\ntry1 "r or wrong4 ,su* are ! expressions ( patriotism ( t idoliz$ comp\nd ( selfi% & base affections6 ,7 ,i writ+ = ! favor1 in/ead ( ! welf>e ( my fell[-m51 ,i %\ld praise r ?an d5\nce patriotism4 ,7 ,i writ+ 9 accordance ) ! maxims ( a corrupt _w1 in/ead ( ! tru? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,i %\ld def5d & extol1 r ?an rebuke ! doctr9e1 t we may pref] ! int]e/s ( "o section ( ! human family to ^? ( ano!r4 ,if patriotism1 9 ! ord9>y acceptation ( ! ^w1 be "r1 !n ! ,bible is wrong--= t bless$ book requires u to love all m51 ev5 z we love ourselves4 ,h[ contr>y to its _s & precepts1 t1 ,l&s int]sect$ by a n>r[ fri?1 ,abhor ea* o!r1 ,m\nta9s int]pos$ ,make enemies ( nations1 :o _h else1 ,l k9dr$ drops1 be5 m+l$ into "o4 ,!re are _m1 :o consid] t ! doctr9e ( lov+ all our fell[ m5 z ourselves1 belongs1 to use y\r words1 to a sublime b impracticable philosophy4 ,let !m1 h[ev]1 b dev\tly ask ,him1 :o enjo9s x1 to w>m & exp& _! selfi% & contract$ he>ts ) its influ5ces2 & !y w "k1 by sweet exp]i5ce1 t "u ! grace ( ,god1 ! doctr9e is no less practicable ?an sublime4 ,n a few seem to suppose1 t he1 :o has come to reg>d ! :ole _w z 8 c\ntry1 & all mank9d z 8 c\ntrym51 w h less love ( home & c\ntry ?an ! patriot has1 :o makes 8 own nation1 & no o!r1 ! *]i%$ object ( 8 affections4 ,b did ! ,savi\r1 :5 on e>?1 love any individual ! less1 because ! love ( ,8 great he>t 0 p\r$ out1 9 equal tides1 ov] ! :ole human family8 ,& w\ld ,he n1 ev5 9 ! eyes ( ! patriot himself1 be /amp$ ) imp]fection1 7 x1 to appe>1 t "o nation %>es less ?an ano!r 9 ,8 lov+-k9dness & t ,8 t5d] m]cies are 7n7 ov] all 8 works8 ,bless$ be ,8 holy "n1 t ,he 0 ca/ d[n ! middle wall ( p>tition betwe5 ! ,jew & ,g5tile6--t !re is no respect ( p]sons ) ,him6--t ,greek & ,jew1 circumcision & uncircumcision1 b>b>ian1 ,scy?ian1 bond & free1 are equal be=e ,him6 ,hav+ said1 ,i pref] ! lib]ty ( my own c\ntry to t ( any o!r p1 y add--& ! lib]ty ( my own race to t ( any o!r race4 ,h[ p]fectly natural1 t ! "o s5tim5t %\ld foll[ ! o!r6 ,h[ p]fectly natural1 t he :o c limit 8 love by /ate or national l9es1 %\ld be also capable ( conf9+ x to c]ta9 v>ieties ( ! human complexion6 ,h[ p]fectly natural1 t1 he :o is guilty ( ! insane & wick$ prejudice aga9/ 8 fell[ m51 because !y happ5 to be born a doz51 or a hundr$1 or a ?\s& miles f ! place ( 8 nativity1 %\ld fo/] ! no less insane & wick$ prejudice aga9/ ! sk9 n color$ l 8 own6 ,h[ diff]5t is man f ,god6 ,he make? 8 sun to rise on ! evil & on ! good1 & s5de? ra9 on ! j & on ! unju/4 ,b 7 man inve/$ ) supreme control1 he w\ld n di/ribute bless+s imp>tially ev5 among/ ! good & ! j4 ,y close y\r spee* ) advice & an appeal to abolitioni/s4 ,are y sure t an appeal1 to ex]t ! mo/ w9n+ influ5ce ^u our he>ts1 w\ld n h come f "s o!r s\rce bett] ?an f "o :o1 n cont5t ) endeavor+ to %[ ! p]nici\s t5d5cy ( our pr9ciples & measures1 freely imputes to u bloody & murd]\s motives8 ,are y sure1 t y1 :o ascribe to u designs m diabolical ?an ^? ( burn+ beautiful capitals1 & de/roy+ productive manufactories1 & s9k+ gallant %ips1 are our mo/ suitable advis]8 ,we h1 h[ev]1 wav$ all exception on ?is score to y\r appeal & advice1 & expos$ our m9ds & he>ts to ! :ole p[] & influ5ce ( y\r spee*4 ,& n[ we ask1 t y1 9 turn1 w he> u4 ,presum+ t y are too g5]\s to refuse ! reciprocation1 we proce$ to call on y to /ay y\r ef=ts at qu5*+ ! _w's sympa?y = ! slave--at arre/+ ! progress ( lib]al1 humane1 & ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts--at uphold+ slav]y aga9/ t ,almighty arm1 :i* n[1 aft] s long a "t1 is reveal$ = its de/ruction4 ,we urge y to wor?i] & m hopeful employm5ts4 ,ex]t y\r great p[]s = ! repeal ( ! mat*lessly wick$ laws enact$ to cru% ! ,savi\r's poor4 ,set a happy & an influ5tial example to y\r fell[ slavehold]s1 by a righte\s treatm5t ( ^?1 :om y unrighte\sly hold 9 bondage4 ,set !m ?is example1 by humbl+ y\rself be=e ,god & y\r assembl$ slaves1 9 unfeign$ p5it5ce = ! deep & measureless wrongs y h done ! guiltless victims ( y\r oppression--by pay+ ^? m51 7speak ( !m1 ?9k ( !m1 no long]1 z brutes & ?+s7--by pay+ ^!1 :o are my bro!r m5 & y\r bro!r m51 ! hire y h s long )held f !m1 & :i* crie? to ,heav51 because x is ( y kept back--by break+ ! gall+ yoke f _! necks1 & lett+ !m g free4 ,d y %r9k f our advice--& say1 t ob$i5ce to its j requirem5ts w\ld impov]i% y8 ,inf9itely bett]1 t y be hone/ly poor ?an di%one/ly ri*4 ,inf9itely bett] to d ju/ly1 & be a ,laz>us2 ?an to become a ,croesus1 by cl++ to & accumulat+ ill-gott5 ga9s4 ,d y add to ! fe> ( pov]ty1 t ( los+ y\r honors--^? :i* are anticipat$1 z well z ^?1 :i* already deck y\r br[8 ,all[ u to assure y1 t x w be impossible = y to r$eem ,h5ry ,clay1 ! /atesman1 & ,h5ry ,clay1 ! orator1 or ev5 ,h5ry ,clay1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ! contempt ( a slav]y-loa?+ po/]ity1 o!rwise ?an by c\pl+ ) ^? designations ! inexpressibly m honorable di/9ction ( ,,h5ry ,,clay1 ,,! ,,emancipator4 ,i rema91 ,y\r fri5d1 ,,g]rit ,,smi?4 ,no4 #aj ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,am]ican ,,slav]y ,,z ,,x ,,is3 ,,te/imony ( ,a ,,?\s& ,,witnesses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,behold ! wick$ abom9ations t !y d6--,ezekial1 viii1 #b4 ,! righte\s consid]e? ! cause ( ! poor2 b ! wick$ reg>de? n to "k x4--,prov4 #bi1 #g4 ,true humanity consi/s n 9 a squeami% e>1 b 9 li/5+ to ! /ory ( human suff]+ & endeavor+ to relieve x4--,*>les ,james ,fox4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,,(fice1 ,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is p]iodical conta9s #g %eets--po/age1 "u #ajj miles1 #aj-a_/b cts2 ov] #ajj miles1 #ag-a_/b c5ts4 ,,adv]tisem5t ,,to ,,! ,,read]4 ,a majority ( ! facts & te/imony conta9$ 9 ?is "w re/s ^u ! au?ority ( slavehold]s1 ^: names & resid5ces are giv5 to ! public1 z v\*]s = ! tru? ( _! /atem5ts4 ,t !y %\ld utt] falsehoods1 = ! sake ( proclaim+ _! own infamy1 is n probable4 ,_! te/imony is tak51 ma9ly1 f rec5t newspap]s1 publi%$ 9 ! slave /ates4 ,mo/ ( ^? pap]s w be deposit$ at ! (fice ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 #adc ,nassau /reet1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,^? :o ?9k ! atrocities1 :i* !y describe1 incr$ible1 are invit$ to call & read = !mselves4 ,we regret t all ( ! orig9al pap]s are n 9 our possession4 ,! idea ( pres]v+ !m on file = ! inspection ( ! incr$ul\s1 & ! curi\s1 did n occur to u until aft] ! prep>ation ( ! "w 0 9 a /ate ( =w>dness1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 "s ( ! pap]s _c be recov]$4 ,ne>ly all ( !m1 h[ev] h be5 pres]v$4 ,9 all cases ! "n ( ! pap] is giv51 &1 ) v few exceptions1 ! place & "t1 7ye>1 mon?1 & day7 ( publication4 ,"s ( ! extracts1 h[ev] n be+ made ) ref]5ce to ?is "w1 & be=e its publication 0 contemplat$1 are )\t date2 b ?is class ( extracts is exce$+ly small1 probably n a ?irtie? ( ! :ole4 ,! /atem5ts1 n d]iv$ f ! pap]s & o!r p]iodicals1 lett]s1 books1 c41 publi%$ by slavehold]s1 h be5 furni%$ by individuals :o h resid$ 9 slave /ates1 _m ( :om are natives ( ^? /ates1 & h be5 slavehold]s4 ,! names1 resid5ces1 c4 ( ! witnesses g5]ally are giv54 ,a numb] ( !m1 h[ev]1 /ill reside 9 slave /ates2--to publi% _! names w\ld be1 9 mo/ cases1 to make !m ! victims ( popul> fury4 ,new ,york1 ,may #d1 #ahci4 ,,note4 ,! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 :ile t5d]+ _! grateful ackn[l$gm5ts1 9 ! "n ( ,am]ican ,abolitioni/s1 & 9 behalf ( ! slave1 to ^? :o h furni%$ = ?is publication ! result ( _! resid5ce & travel 9 ! slave /ates ( ?is ,union1 ann\nce _! det]m9ation to publi%1 f "t to "t1 z !y may h ! mat]ials & ! funds1 ,,tracts1 conta9+ well au!nticat$ facts1 te/imony1 p]sonal n>ratives1 c4 fully sett+ =? ! condition ( ,am]ican slaves4 ,9 ord] t !y may be furni%$ ) ! requisite mat]ials1 !y invite all :o h _h p]sonal k ( ! condition ( slaves 9 any ( ! /ates ( ?is ,union1 to =w>d _! te/imony ) _! names & resid5ces4 ,to prev5t imposition1 x is indisp5sable t p]sons =w>d+ te/imony1 :o are n p]sonally kn[n to any ( ! ,executive ,committee1 or to ! ,secret>ies or ,editors ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 %\ld furni% ref]5ces to "s p]son or p]sons ( respectability1 ) :om1 if necess>y1 ! ,committee may communicate respect+ ! writ]4 ,facts & te/imony respect+ ! condition ( slaves1 9 all respects1 are desir$2 _! food1 7k9ds1 quality1 & quantity17 clo?+1 lodg+1 dwell+s1 h\rs ( labor & re/1 k9ds ( labor1 ) ! mode ( exaction1 sup]vision1 c4--! numb] & "t ( meals ea* day1 treatm5t :5 sick1 regulations inspect+ _! social int]c\rse1 m>riage & dome/ic ties1 ! sy/em ( torture to :i* !y are subject$1 ) its v>i\s modes2 & 9 detail1 _! intellectual & moral condition4 ,great c>e %\ld be obs]v$ 9 ! /atem5t ( facts4 ,well-weigh$ te/imony & well-au!nticat$ facts2 ) a responsible "n1 ! ,committee e>ne/ly desire & call =4 ,?\s&s ( p]sons 9 ! free /ates h ample k on ?is subject1 d]iv$ f _! own obs]vation 9 ! mid/ ( slav]y4 ,w su* hold _! peace8 ,t :i* make? manife/ is light2 he :o keepe? 8 c&le "u a bu%el at su* a "t & 9 su* a cause z ?is1 =ges fett]s = himself1 z well z = ! slave4 ,let no "o )hold 8 te/imony because o!rs h already te/ifi$ to simil> facts4 ,! value ( te/imony is by no means to be measur$ by ! novelty ( ! horrors :i* x describes4 ,corroborative te/imony1--facts1 simil> to ^? e/abli%$ by ! te/imony ( o!rs1--is highly valuable4 ,:o t c give x & has a he>t ( fle%1 w refuse to ! slave s small a boon8 ,communications may be address$ to ,!odore ,d4 ,weld1 #adc ,nassau-/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,new ,york1 ,may1 #ahci4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction4 ,tw5ty-sev5 hundr$ ?\s& free born citiz5s ( ! ,u4,s4 9 slav]y2 ,t5d] m]cies ( slavehold]s2 ,abom9ations ( slav]y2 ,"* ( ! te/imony4 ,,p]sonal ,,n>ratives--,,"p ,i4 ,,n>rative ( ,,nehemiah ,,caulk9s2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,slav]y2 ,me?odi/ prea*+ slav$riv]1 ,gall[ay2 ,wom5 at *ild-bir?2 ,slaves at labor2 ,clo?+ ( slaves2 ,all[ance ( provisions2 ,slave-fett]s2 ,cruelties to slaves2 ,bury+ a slave alive2 ,lic5ti\sness ( ,slave-hold]s2 ,rev4 ,?omas ,p4 ,hunt1 ) 8 h&s ti$2 ,prea*]s cr+e to slav]y2 ,nak$ness ( slaves2 ,slave-huts2 ,means ( subsi/5ce = slaves2 ,slaves' pray]4 ,,n>rative ( ,,rev4 ,,horace ,,m\lton2 ,labor ( ! slaves2 ,tasks2 ,:ipp+ po/s2 ,food2 ,h\ses2 ,clo?+2 ,puni%m5ts2 ,sc5es ( horror2 ,con/ables1 savage & brutal2 ,patrols2 ,cruelties at night2 ,paddle-tortur+2 ,cat-haul+2 ,br&+ ) hot iron2 ,murd] ) impunity2 ,iron coll>s1 yokes1 clogs1 & bells4 ,,n>rative ( ,,s>ah ,m4 ,,grimk2 ,b>b>\s ,treatm5t ( slaves2 ,conv]t$ slave2 ,pr(essor ( religion1 ne> dea?1 tortur$ 8 slave = visit+ 8 companion2 ,c\nt]p>t ( ,james ,williams' description ( ,l>rimore's wife2 ,head ( runaway slave on a pole2 ,gov]nor ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a left 8 sick slave to p]i%2 ,cruelty to ,wom5 slaves2 ,*ri/ian slave a m>tyr = ,jesus4 ,,te/imony ( ,,rev4 ,,john ,,graham2 ,tw5ty-sev5 slaves :ipp$4 ,,te/imony ( ,,william ,,poe2 ,h>ris :ipp$ a girl to dea?2 ,capta9 ( ! ,u4,s4 ,navy murd]$ 8 boy1 0 tri$ & acquitt$2 ,ov]se] burnt a slave2 ,cruelties to slaves4 ,,privations ,,( ,,! ,,slaves4 ,,food2 ,suff]+ f hung]2 ,rations 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,army1 c2 ,prison rations2 ,te/imony4 ,,labor2 ,slaves are ov]work$2 ,witnesses2 ,h5ry ,clay2 ,*ild-be>+ prev5t$2 ,dr4 ,*ann+2 ,sacrifice ( a set ( h&s e sev5 ye>s2 ,te/imony2 ,laws ( ,georgia1 ,l\isiana1 ,m>yl&1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,virg9ia4 ,,clo?+2 ,witnesses2 ,adv]tisem5ts2 ,te/imony2 ,field-h&s2 ,nudity ( slaves2 ,john ,r&olph's legacy to ,essex & ,hetty4 ,,dwell+s2 ,witnesses2 ,slaves are wret*$ly %elt]$ & lodg$4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,sick4 ,,p]sonal ,,n>ratives1 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,te/imony ( ! ,,rev4 ,,william ,t4 ,,allan2 ,woman deliv]$ ( a dead *ild1 be+ :ipp$2 ,slaves %ot by ,hilton2 ,cruelties to slaves2 ,:ipp+ po/2 ,assaults1 & maim+s2 ,murd]s2 ,purye>1 ! ,devil12 ,ov]se]s always arm$2 ,lic5ti\sness ( ,ov]se]s2 ,b5d y\r backs2 ,mrs4 ,h41 a ,presbyt]ian1 desir\s to cut ,ar?ur ,tappan's ?roat2 ,clo?+1 ,huts1 & ,h]d+ ( slaves2 ,iron yokes ) prongs2 ,m>riage unkn[n among slaves2 ,presbyt]ian m9i/] at ,huntsville2 ,concub9age 9 ,prea*]'s h\se2 ,slav]y1 ! great wrong4 ,,n>rative ( ,,william ,,leftwi*2 ,slave's life4 ,,te/imony ( ,,lemuel ,,sap+ton2 ,nak$ness ( slaves2 ,traffic 9 slaves4 ,,te/imony ( ,,mrs4 ,,l[ry2 ,long1 a pr(essor ( religion kill$ ?ree m52 ,salt wat] appli$ to w\nds to keep !m f putrefaction4 ,,te/imony ( ,,william ,c4 ,,gild]sleeve2 ,acts ( cruelty4 ,,te/imony ( ,,hiram ,,:ite2 ,woman ) a *ild *a9$ to h] neck2 ,amalgamation1 & mulatto *ildr54 ,,te/imony ( ,,john ,m4 ,,nelson2 ,rev4 ,conrad ,speece influ5c$ ,alex&] ,nelson :5 dy+ n to emancipate 8 slaves2 ,george ,b\rne oppos$ ,slav]y 9 #ahaj4 ,,te/imony ( ,,angel9a ,,grimk ,,weld2 ,h\se-s]vants2 ,slave-driv+ female pr(essors ( religion at ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c42 ,:ipp+ wom5 & pray] 9 ! same room2 ,tread-mills2 ,slavehold+ religion2 ,slave-driv+ mi/ress pray$ = ! div9e bless+ ^u h] :ipp+ ( an ag$ woman2 ,girl kill$ ) impunity2 ,jewi% law2 ,b>b>ities2 ,m$ical att5dance ^u slaves2 ,"y man beat5 to epilepsy & insanity2 ,mi/resses flog _! slaves2 ,blood-b\ght luxuries2 ,borr[+ ( slaves2 ,meals ( slaves2 ,all com=t ( slaves disreg>d$2 ,sev]ance ( companion lov]s2 ,sep>ation ( p>5ts & *ildr52 ,slave espionage2 ,suff]+s ( slaves2 ,horrors ( slav]y indescribable4 ,,te/imony ( ,,cruelty ,,inflict$ ,,^u ,,slaves2 ,colonization ,society2 ,emancipation ,society ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 ,k5tucky4 ,,puni%m5ts2 ,flogg+s2 ,witnesses & ,te/imony4 ,,slave ,,driv+2 ,droves ( slaves4 ,,cruelty ,,to ,,slaves2 ,slaves l ,/ock )\t a %elt]2 ,six p\nd paddle4 ,,tortures ,,( ,,slaves4 ,iron coll>s1 *a9s1 fett]s1 & h&-cuffs2 ,adv]tisem5ts = fugitive slaves2 ,te/imony2 ,iron head-frame2 ,*a9 c(fles2 ,droves ( 'human cattle'2 ,wa%+ton1 ! ,national slave m>ket2 ,te/imony ( ,james ,k4 ,pauld+1 ,secret>y ( ! ,navy2 ,lit]>y fraud & pret5d$ prophecy by ,mr4 ,pauld+2 ,br&+s1 ,maim+s1 & ,gun-%ot w\nds2 ,witnesses & ,te/imony2 ,mr4 ,sevi]1 s5ator ( ! ,u4,s42 ,judge ,hit*cock1 ( ,mobile2 ,comm5dable fidelity to tru? 9 ! adv]tisem5ts ( slavehold]s2 ,?omas ,ayle?orpe cut (f a slave's e>1 & s5t x to ,lewis ,tappan2 ,adv]tisem5ts = runaway slaves ) _! tee? mutilat$2 ,excessive cruelty to slaves2 ,slaves burn$ alive2 ,mr4 ,turn]1 a slave-but*]2 ,slaves roa/$ & flogg$2 ,cruelties common2 ,fugitive slaves2 ,slaves =c$ to eat tobacco worms2 ,bapti/ ,*ri/ians escap+ f slav]y2 ,*ri/ian :ipp$ = pray+2 ,james ,k4 ,pauld+'s te/imony2 ,slave driv5 to dea?2 ,coron]'s inque/ on ,h>ney's murd]$ female slave2 ,man-/eal+ enc\rag$ by law2 ,trial = a murd]$ slave2 ,female slave :ipp$ to dea?1 & dur+ ! torture deliv]$ ( a dead infant2 ,slaves murd]$2 ,slave driv5 to dea?2 ,slaves kill$ ) impunity2 ,george1 a slave1 *opp$ piece-meal1 & burnt by ,lilburn ,lewis2 ,retributive ju/ice 9 ! awful dea? ( ,lilburn ,lewis2 ,trial ( ,i%am ,lewis1 a slave murd]]4 ,,p]sonal ,,n>ratives4--,,"p ,,iii4 ,,n>rative ,,( ,,rev4 ,,francis ,,hawley2 ,plantations2 ,ov]se]s2 ,no appeal f ,ov]se]s to ,ma/]s4 ,,clo?+2 ,nudity ( slaves4 ,,"w2 ,cotton-pick+2 ,mo!rs ( slaves2 ,presbyt]ian m9i/] kill$ 8 slave2 ,me?odi/ color$ prea*] hung2 ,lic5ti\sness2 ,slave-traffic2 ,night 9 a ,slavehold]'s h\se2 ,twelve slaves murd]$2 ,slave driv+ ,bapti/ prea*]s2 ,hunt+ ( runaways slaves2 ,amalgamation4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,reub5 ,c4 ,,macy1 ,,& ,,ri*>d ,,macy4 ,:ipp+ ( slaves4 ,te/imony ( ,eleaz] ,p[el2 ,ov]se] ( ,h9ds ,/u>t1 %ot a slave = oppos+ ! torture ( 8 female companion4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,william ,,scales4 ,?ree slaves murd]$ ) impunity2 ,sep>ation ( lov]s1 p>5ts1 & *ildr54 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,jos4 ,,ide4 ,mrs4 ,t4 a ,presbyt]ian k9d woman-kill]2 ,female slave :ipp$ to dea?2 ,food2 ,nak$ness ( slaves2 ,old man flogg$ aft] pray+ = 8 tyrant2 ,slave-huts n z com=table z pig-/ies4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,ph9eas ,,smi?4 ,texas2 ,suit = ! value ( slave 'prop]ty'2 ,anson ,jones1 ,ambassador f ,texas2 ,no trial or puni%m5t = ! murd] ( slaves2 ,slave-hunt+ 9 ,texas2 ,suff]+ drives ! slaves to despair & suicide4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,phil',n ,,bliss4 ,ignorance ( nor!rn citiz5s respect+ slav]y2 ,bett+ ^u crops2 ,ext5t & cruelty ( ! puni%m5t ( slaves2 ,slavehold]s excuse _! cruelties by ! example ( ,prea*]s1 & pr(essors ( religion1 & ,nor!rn citiz5s2 ,novel torture1 eulogiz$ by a pr(essor ( religion2 ,:ips z common z ! pl\gh2 ,ladies use c[hides1 ) %ovel & tongs4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,*ap94 ,slave-labor2 ,/>vation ( slaves2 ,slaves lac]at$1 )\t clo?+1 & )\t food4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,t4,m4 ,,macy4 ,cotton plantations on ,/4 ,simon's ,isl&2 ,cultivation ( rice2 ,no "t = relaxation2 ,sabba? a nom9al re/2 ,clo?+2 ,flogg+4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,f4,c4 ,,macy4 ,slave cab9s2 ,food2 ,:ipp+ e day2 ,treatm5t ( slaves z brutes2 ,slave-boys fight = slavehold]'s amusem5t2 ,amalgamation common4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,a ,,cl]gyman4 ,nat*ez2 ',lie d[n1' = :ipp+2 ,slave-hunt+2 ',ball & *a9' m52 ,:ipp+ at ! same "t1 on ?ree plantations2 ,h\rs ( ,labor2 ,*ri/ians slave-hunt+2 ,_m runaway slaves annually %ot2 ,slaves 9 ! /ocks2 ,slave br&+4 ,,condition ,,( ,,slaves4 ,slav]y is unmix$ cruelty2 ,fe> ! only motive ( slaves2 ,pa9 is ! means1 n ! end ( slave-driv+2 ,*>act]s ( ,slave driv]s & ,ov]se]s1 brutal1 s5sual1 & viol5t2 ,own]%ip ( human be+s utt]ly de/roys _! com=t4 ,,objections ,,consid]$3 ,i4 ,su* cruelties are incr$ible4 ,slaves deem$ to be work+ animals1 or m]*&ize2 & call$ ',/ock1' ',increase1' ',bre$]s1' ',driv]s1' ',prop]ty1' ',human cattle'2 ,te/imony ( ,?omas ,jeff]son2 ,slaves worse treat$ ?an quadrup$s2 ,contra/ betwe5 ! usage ( slaves & animals2 ,te/imony2 ,nor!rn incr$ulity discr$itable to consi/5cy2 ,religi\s p]secutions2 ,rec5t ',lyn*+s1' & ,riots1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,_m outrage\s ,felonies p]petrat$ ) impunity2 ,l>ge fai? ( ! objectors :o 'c't believe'2 ',doe faces1' & ',d\gh faces'2 ,slave-driv]s ackn[l$ge _! own enormities2 ,slave plantations 9 ,alabama1 ,l\isiana1 & ,mississippi 'second only to hell'2 ,legislature ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 ,incr$ulity discr$itable to intellig5ce2 ,abuse ( p[] 9 ! /ate1 & *ur*es2 ,legal re/ra9ts2 ,am]ican slavehold]s possess absolute p[]2 ,slaves depriv$ ( ! safe gu>ds ( law2 ,mutual av]sion betwe5 ! oppressor & ! slave2 ,cruelty ! product ( arbitr>y p[]2 ,te/imony ( ,?omas ,jeff]son2 ,judge ,tuck]2 ,presbyt]ian ,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia2 ,g5]al ,william ,h4 ,h>rison2 ,presid5t ,edw>ds2 ,montesquieu2 ,wilb]=ce2 ,:itbread2 ,*>act]s4 ,,objection ,,ii4--,slavehold]s prote/ t !y treat _! slaves well4 ,n te/imony b op9ion2 ',good treatm5t' ( slaves2 ,novel =m ( cruelty4 ,,objection ,,iii4--,slavehold]s are prov]bial = _! k9dness1 & g5]osity4 ,hospitality & b5evol5ce contra/$2 ,slavehold]s 9 ,congress1 respect+ ,texas & ,hayti2 ',fictiti\s k9dness & hospitality4' ,,objection ,,iv4--,nor!rn visitors at ! s\? te/ify t ! slaves are n cruelly treat$4 ,te/imony2 ',gubn] pois5$'2 ,field-h&s2 ,p>lor slaves2 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,durell4 ,,objection ,v4--,x is = ! int]e/ ( ! ma/]s to treat _! slaves well4 ,te/imony2 ,rev4 ,j4,n4 ,maffitt2 ,ma/]s int]e/ to treat cruelly ! great body ( ! slaves2 ,v>i\s classes ( slaves2 ,hir$ slaves2 ,adv]tisem5ts4 ,,objection ,,vi4--,slaves multiply2 a pro( t !y are n inhumanly treat$1 & are 9 a com=table condition4 ,te/imony2 ,m>t9 ,van ,bur52 ,=eign slave trade2 ',bew>e ( ,kidnapp]s'2 ',citiz5s sold z slaves'2 ,kidnapp+ at ,new ,orleans2 ,slave bre$]s4 ,,objection ,,vii4--,public op9ion is a protection to ! slave4 ,decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 ',protection ( slaves'2 ,mis*iev\s effects ( 'public op9ion' conc]n+ slav]y2 ,laws ( diff]5t /ates2 ,he>t ( slavehold]s2 ,reasons = enact+ ! laws conc]n+ cruelties to slaves2 ',mod]ate correction'2 ,hypocrisy & malignity ( slave laws2 ,te/imony ( slaves exclud$2 ,capital crimes = slaves2 ',slavehold+ brutality1' worse ?an t ( ,caligula2 ,public op9ion de/roys fundam5tal rights2 ,"* ( slavehold]s' adv]tisem5ts2 ,public op9ion is diabolical2 ,brutal indec5cy2 ,murd] ( slaves by law2 ,judge ,lawless2 ,slave-hunt+2 ,heal? ( slaves2 ,acclimation ( slaves2 ,lib]ty ( ,slaves2 ,kidnapp+ ( free citiz5s2 ,law ( ,l\isiana2 ,,fri5ds'1 memorial2 ,dome/ic slav]y2 ,adv]tisem5ts2 ,*ildhood1 old age2 ,inhumanity2 ,but*]+ dead slaves2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,m$ical college2 ,*>le/on ,m$ical ,infirm>y2 ,adv]tisem5ts2 ,slave murd]s2 ,john ,r&olph2 ,*>le/on slave auctions2 ',nev] lose a day's "w'2 ,/ocks2 ,slave-bre$+2 ,lyn* law2 ,slaves murd]$2 ,slav]y among ,*ri/ians2 ,lic5ti\sness enc\rag$ by prea*]s2 ',f9e old prea*] :o dealt 9 slaves'2 ,cruelty to slaves by pr(essors ( religion2 ,slave-bre$+2 ,daniel ,o',connel1 & ,&rew ,/ev5son2 ,virg9ia a negro rais+ m5ag]ie2 ,legislature ( ,virg9ia2 ,colonization ,society2 ,int]-/ate slave traffic2 ,battles 9 ,congress2 ,duell+2 ,cock-fight+2 ,horse-rac+2 ,ignorance ( slavehold]s2 ',slavehold+ civilization1 & morality'2 ,arkansas2 ,slave driv+ ruffians2 ,miss\ri2 ,alabama2 ,but*]ies 9 ,mississippi2 ,l\isiana2 ,t5nessee2 ,fatal ,affray 9 ,columbia2 ,pres5tm5t ( ! ,gr& ,jury ( ,%elby ,c\nty2 ,te/imony ( ,bi%op ,smi? ( ,k5tucky4 ,,atlantic ,,slavehold+ ,,region4 ,georgia2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 ,trad+ ) ,negroes2 ,conclusion4 ,,introduction4 ,read]1 y are empannell$ z a juror to try a pla9 case & br+ 9 an hone/ v]dict4 ,! "q at issue is n "o ( law1 b ( facts--,:at is ! actual condition ( ! slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,a pla9] case nev] w5t to a jury4 ,look at x4 ,,tw5ty-,,sev5 ,,hundr$ ,,?\s& ,,p]sons 9 ?is c\ntry1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 are 9 ,,slav]y4 ,is slav]y1 z a condition = human be+s1 good1 bad1 or indiff]5t8 ,we submit ! "q )\t argum5t4 ,y h common s5se1 & consci5ce1 & a human he>t2--pron\nce ^u x4 ,y h a wife1 or a husb&1 a *ild1 a fa!r1 a "m1 a bro!r or a si/]--make ! case y\r own1 make x !irs1 & br+ 9 y\r v]dict4 ,! case ( ,human ,rights aga9/ ,slav]y has be5 adjudicat$ 9 ! c\rt ( consci5ce times innum]able4 ,! same v]dict has always be5 r5d]$--,guilty2 ! same s5t5ce has always be5 pron\nc$1 ,let x be accurs$2 & human nature1 ) h] million e*oes1 has rung x r\nd ! _w 9 e language "u heav51 ,let x be accurs$4 ,let x be accurs$4 ,8 he>t is false to human nature1 :o w n say ,am54 ,!re is n a man on e>? :o does n believe t slav]y is a curse4 ,human be+s may be inconsi/5t1 b human nature is true to h]self4 ,%e has utt]$ h] te/imony aga9/ slav]y ) a %riek ev] s9ce ! mon/] 0 begott52 & till x p]i%es amid/ ! execrations ( ! univ]se1 %e w trav]se ! _w on its track1 deal+ h] bolts ^u its head1 & da%+ aga9/ x h] condemn+ br&4 ,we repeat x1 e man kn[s t slav]y is a curse4 ,:oev] d5ies ?is1 8 lips libel 8 he>t4 ,try him2 clank ! *a9s 9 8 e>s1 & tell him !y are = him2 give him an h\r to prep>e 8 wife & *ildr5 = a life ( slav]y2 bid him make ha/e & get ready _! necks = ! yoke1 & _! wri/s = ! c(fle *a9s1 !n look at 8 pale lips & trembl+ knees1 & y h nature's te/imony aga9/ slav]y4 ,two millions sev5 hundr$ ?\s& p]sons 9 ^! ,/ates are 9 ?is condition4 ,!y 7 made slaves & are held ea* by =ce1 & by be+ put 9 fe>1 & ?is = no crime6 ,read]1 :at h y to say ( su* treatm5t8 ,is x "r1 j1 b5evol5t8 ,suppose ,i %\ld seize y1 rob y ( y\r lib]ty1 drive y into ! field1 & make y "w )\t pay z long z y live1 w\ld t be ju/ice & k9dness1 or mon/r\s inju/ice & cruelty8 ,n[1 e body kn[s t ! slavehold]s d ^! ?+s to ! slaves e day1 & yet x is /\tly affirm$ t !y treat !m well & k9dly1 & t _! t5d] reg>d = _! slaves re/ra9s ! ma/]s f inflict+ cruelties ^u !m4 ,we %all g into no metaphysics to %[ ! absurdity ( ?is pret5ce4 ,! man :o robs y e day1 is1 =soo?1 q too t5d]-he>t$ ev] to cuff or kick y6 ,true1 he c snat* y\r money1 b he does x g5tly le/ he %\ld hurt y4 ,he c empty y\r pockets )\t qualms1 b if y\r /oma* is empty1 x cuts him to ! quick4 ,he c make y "w a life "t )\t pay1 b loves y too well to let y g hungry4 ,he fleeces y ( y\r rights ) a reli%1 b is %ock$ if y "w b>ehead$ 9 summ]1 or 9 w9t] )\t w>m /ock+s4 ,he c make y g )\t y\r lib]ty1 b nev] )\t a %irt4 ,he c cru%1 9 y1 all hope ( bett]+ y\r condition1 by v[+ t y %all die 8 slave1 b ?\gh he c coolly torture y\r feel+s1 he is too compassionate to lac]ate y\r back--he c break y\r he>t1 b he is v t5d] ( y\r sk94 ,he c /rip y ( all protection & ?us expose y to all outrages1 b if y are expos$ to ! wea!r1 half clad & half %elt]$1 h[ ye>n 8 t5d] b[els6 ,:at6 slavehold]s talk ( treat+ m5 well1 & yet n only rob !m ( all !y get1 & z fa/ z !y get x1 b rob !m ( !mselves1 also2 _! v h&s & feet1 all _! muscles1 & limbs1 & s5ses1 _! bodies & m9ds1 _! "t & lib]ty & e>n+s1 _! free spee* & rights ( consci5ce1 _! "r to acquire k1 & prop]ty1 & reputation2--& yet !y1 :o plund] !m ( all ^!1 w\ld fa9 make u believe t _! s(t he>ts ooze out s lov+ly t[>d _! slaves t !y always keep !m well h\s$ & well clad1 nev] pu% !m too h>d 9 ! field1 nev] make _! de> backs sm>t1 nor let _! de> /oma*s get empty4 ,b !re is no end to ^! absurdities4 ,are slavehold]s dunces1 or d !y take all ! re/ ( ! _w to be1 t !y ?9k to b&age our eyes ) su* ?9 gauzes8 ,prote/+ _! k9d reg>d = ^? :om !y h\rly plund] ( all !y h & all !y get6 ,:at6 :5 !y h seiz$ _! victims1 & annihilat$ all _! rights1 /ill claim to be ! special gu>dians ( _! happ9ess6 ,plund]]s ( _! lib]ty1 yet ! c>eful suppli]s ( _! wants8 ,robb]s ( _! e>n+s1 yet wat*ful s5t9els r\nd _! int]e/s1 & k9d provid]s = _! com=t8 ,fil*+ all _! "t1 yet grant+ g5]\s donations = re/ & sleep8 ,/eal+ ! use ( _! muscles1 yet ?\ghtful ( _! ease8 ,putt+ !m "u driv]s1 yet c>eful t !y are n h>d-pu%$8 ,too humane =soo? to /9t ! /oma*s ( _! slaves1 yet =ce _! m9ds to />ve1 & br&i% ov] !m pa9s & p5alties1 if !y d>e to rea* =? = ! smalle/ crumb ( k1 ev5 a lett] ( ! alphabet6 ,x is no m>vel t slavehold]s are always talk+ ( _! k9d treatm5t ( _! slaves4 ,! only m>vel is1 t m5 ( s5se c be gull$ by su* pr(essions4 ,despots always insi/ t !y are m]ciful4 ,! greate/ tyrants t ev] dripp$ ) blood h assum$ ! titles ( mo/ graci\s1 mo/ clem5t1 mo/ m]ciful1 c41 & h ord]$ _! cr\*+ vassals to acco/ !m ?us4 ,:5 did n vice lay claim to ^? virtues :i* are ! opposites ( its habitual crimes8 ,! guilty1 accord+ to _! own %[+1 are always innoc5t1 & c[>ds brave1 & drunk>ds sob]1 & h>lots *a/e1 & pickpockets hone/ to a fault4 ,e body und]/&s ?is4 ,:5 a man's tongue gr[s ?ick1 & he beg9s to hicc\gh & walk cross-legg$1 we expect him1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 to prote/ t he is n drunk2 s :5 a man is always s++ ! praises ( 8 own hone/y1 we in/9ctively wat* 8 movem5ts & look out = our pocket-books4 ,:oev] is simple en\gh to be hoax$ by su* pr(essions1 %\ld nev] be tru/$ 9 ! /reets )\t somebody to take c>e ( him4 ,human nature works out 9 slavehold]s j z x does to o!r m51 & 9 ,am]ican slavehold]s j z 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,turki%1 ,alg]9e1 ,roman & ,grecian4 ,! ,sp>tans boa/$ ( _! k9dness to _! slaves1 :ile !y :ipp$ !m to dea? by ?\s&s at ! alt>s ( _! gods4 ,! ,romans laud$ _! own mild treatm5t ( _! bondm51 :ile !y br&$ _! names on _! fle% ) hot irons1 & :5 old1 ?rew !m into _! fi% ponds1 or l ,cato ! ,j1 />v$ !m to dea?4 ,x is ! boa/ ( ! ,turks t !y treat _! slaves z ?\gh !y 7 _! *ildr51 yet _! common "n = !m is dogs1 & = ! m]e/ trifles1 _! feet are ba/9ado$ to a jelly1 or _! heads clipp$ (f ) ! scimet>4 ,! ,portuguese pride !mselves on _! g5tle be>+ t[>d _! slaves1 yet ! /reets ( ,rio ,janeiro are fill$ ) nak$ m5 & wom5 yok$ 9 pairs to c>ts & wagons1 & :ipp$ by driv]s l bea/s ( burd54 ,slavehold]s1 ! _w ov]1 h sung ! praises ( _! t5d] m]cies t[>ds _! slaves4 ,ev5 ! wret*es t pli$ ! ,african slave trade1 tri$ to rebut ,cl>kson's pro(s ( _! cruelties1 by spee*es1 affidavits1 & publi%$ pamphlets1 sett+ =? ! accommodations ( ! middle passage1 & _! k9d att5tions to ! com=t ( ^? :om !y _h /ol5 f _! homes1 & kept /[$ away "u hat*es1 dur+ a voyage ( f\r ?\s& miles4 ,s1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! autocrat ( ! ,russias1 he ex]cises great clem5cy t[>ds ! ,poles1 ?\gh he exiles !m by ?\s&s to ! sn[s ( ,sib]ia1 & tramples !m d[n by millions1 at home4 ,:o discr$its ! atrocities p]petrat$ by ,ov&o 9 ,hispaniola1 ,piz>ro 9 ,p]u1 & ,cortez 9 ,mexico1--because !y fill$ ! e>s ( ! ,spani% ,c\rt ) prote/ations ( _! b5ignant rule8 ,:ile !y 7 yok+ ! enslav$ natives l bea/s to ! draught1 work+ !m to dea? by ?\s&s 9 _! m9es1 hunt+ !m ) bloodh\nds1 tortur+ !m on racks1 & broil+ !m on b$s ( coals1 _! repres5tations to ! "m c\ntry teem$ ) eulogies ( _! p>5tal sway6 ,! bloody atrocities ( ,philip ,,ii1 9 ! expulsion ( 8 ,moori% subjects1 are matt]s ( imp]i%able hi/ory4 ,:o disbelieves or d\bts !m8 ,& yet 8 c\rti]s magnifi$ 8 virtues & *ant$ 8 clem5cy & 8 m]cy1 :ile ! wail ( a million victims1 smitt5 d[n by a tempe/ ( fire & slaught] let loose at 8 bidd+1 rose above ! ,te ,deums t ?und]$ f all ,spa9's ca!drals4 ,:5 ,l\is ,,xiv4 revok$ ! edict ( ,nantz1 & proclaim$ two millions ( 8 subjects free plund] = p]secution1--:5 f ! ,engli% *annel to ! ,pyr5nees ! mangl$ bodies ( ! ,prote/ants 7 dragg$ on reek+ hurdles by a %\t+ populace1 he claim$ to be ! fa!r ( 8 p1 & wrote himself ,8 mo/ ,*ri/ian ,maje/y4 ,b we w n anticipate topics1 ! full discussion ( :i* m naturally foll[s ?an prec$es ! inquiry into ! actual condition & treatm5t ( slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z slavehold]s & _! apologi/s are volunte] witnesses 9 _! own cause1 & are flood+ ! _w ) te/imony t _! slaves are k9dly treat$2 t !y are well f$1 well clo!d1 well h\s$1 well lodg$1 mod]ately work$1 & b\ntifully provid$ ) all ?+s ne$ful = _! com=t1 we propose--fir/1 to disprove _! ass]tions by ! te/imony ( a multitude ( imp>tial witnesses1 & !n to put slavehold]s !mselves ?r\gh a c\rse ( cross-que/ion+ :i* %all draw _! condemnation out ( _! own m\?s4 ,we w prove t ! slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are treat$ ) b>b>\s inhumanity2 t !y are ov]work$1 und]f$1 wret*$ly clad & lodg$1 & h insuffici5t sleep2 t !y are (t5 made to we> r\nd _! necks iron coll>s arm$ ) prongs1 to drag heavy *a9s & weights at _! feet :ile work+ 9 ! field1 & to we> yokes1 & bells1 & iron horns2 t !y are (t5 kept conf9$ 9 ! /ocks day & night = weeks toge!r1 made to we> gags 9 _! m\?s = h\rs or days1 h "s ( _! front tee? torn out or brok5 (f1 t !y may be easily detect$ :5 !y run away2 t !y are frequ5tly flogg$ ) t]rible sev]ity1 h r$ pepp] rubb$ into _! lac]at$ fle%1 & hot br9e1 spirits ( turp5t9e1 c41 p\r$ ov] ! ga%es to increase ! torture2 t !y are (t5 /ripp$ nak$1 _! backs & limbs cut ) knives1 bruis$ & mangl$ by scores & hundr$s ( bl[s ) ! paddle1 & t]ribly torn by ! claws ( cats1 drawn ov] !m by _! torm5tors2 t !y are (t5 hunt$ ) bloodh\nds & %ot d[n l bea/s1 or torn 9 pieces by dogs2 t !y are (t5 susp5d$ by ! arms & :ipp$ & beat5 till !y fa9t1 & :5 reviv$ by re/oratives1 beat5 aga9 till !y fa9t1 & sometimes till !y die2 t _! e>s are (t5 cut (f1 _! eyes knock$ out1 _! bones brok51 _! fle% br&$ ) r$ hot irons2 t !y are maim$1 mutilat$ & burn$ to dea? ov] sl[ fires4 ,all ^! ?+s1 & m1 & worse1 we %all prove4 ,read]1 we "k :]e( we affirm1 we h weigh$ x well2 m & worse ,,we ,,w ,,prove4 ,m>k ^! words1 & read on2 we w e/abli% all ^! facts by ! te/imony ( scores & hundr$s ( eye witnesses1 by ! te/imony ( slavehold]s 9 all p>ts ( ! slave /ates1 by slavehold+ memb]s ( ,congress & ( /ate legislatures1 by ambassadors to =eign c\rts1 by judges1 by doctors ( div9ity1 & cl]gym5 ( all d5om9ations1 by m]*ants1 me*anics1 lawy]s & physicians1 by presid5ts & pr(essors 9 colleges & pr(essional sem9>ies1 by plant]s1 ov]se]s & driv]s4 ,we %all %[1 n m]ely t su* de$s are committ$1 b t !y are frequ5t2 n done 9 corn]s1 b be=e ! sun2 n 9 "o ( ! slave /ates1 b 9 all ( !m2 n p]petrat$ by brutal ov]se]s & driv]s m]ely1 b by magi/rates1 by legislators1 by pr(essors ( religion1 by prea*]s ( ! gospel1 by gov]nors ( /ates1 by g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+1 & by delicate females mov+ 9 ! highe/ circles ( society4 ,we "k1 full well1 ! outcry t w be made by multitudes1 at ^! decl>ations2 ! multi=m cavils1 ! flat d5ials1 ! *>ges ( exagg]ation & falsehood s (t5 b&i$1 ! sne]s ( affect$ contempt at ! cr$ulity t c believe su* ?+s1 & ! rage & imprecations aga9/ ^? :o give !m curr5cy4 ,we "k1 too1 ! ?readb>e sophi/ries by :i* slavehold]s & _! apologi/s seek to evade su* te/imony4 ,if !y admit t su* de$s are committ$1 !y tell u t !y are exce$+ly r>e1 & !re=e furni% no gr\nds = judg+ ( ! g5]al treatm5t ( slaves2 t occasionally a brutal wret* 9 ! free /ates b>b>\sly but*]s 8 wife1 b t no "o ?9ks ( inf]r+ f t1 ! g5]al treatm5t ( wives at ! ,nor? & ,we/4 ,!y tell u1 also1 t ! slavehold]s ( ! ,s\? are prov]bially hospitable1 k9d1 & g5]\s1 & x is incr$ible t !y c p]petrate su* enormities ^u human be+s2 fur!r1 t x is absurd to suppose t !y w\ld ?us injure _! own prop]ty1 t self-int]e/ w\ld prompt !m to treat _! slaves ) k9dness1 z none b fools & madm5 wantonly de/roy _! own prop]ty2 fur!r1 t ,nor!rn visitors at ! ,s\? come back te/ify+ to ! k9d treatm5t ( ! slaves1 & t ! slaves !mselves corroborate su* repres5tations4 ,all ^! pleas1 & scores ( o!rs1 are bruit$ 9 e corn] ( ! free ,/ates2 & :o t ha? eyes to see1 has n sick5$ at ! bl9dness t saw n1 at ! palsy ( he>t t felt n1 or at ! c[>dice & sycophancy t d>$ n expose su* %all[ fallacies4 ,we are n to be turn$ f our purpose by su* vapid babbl+s4 ,9 _! appropriate places1 we propose to consid] ^! objections & v>i\s o!rs1 & to %[ _! empt9ess & folly4 ,! =ego+ decl>ations t\*+ ! inflictions ^u slaves1 are n hap-haz>d ass]tions1 nor ! exagg]ations ( fiction conjur$ up to c>ry a po9t2 nor are !y ! rhapsodies ( en?usiasm1 nor crude conclusions1 jump$ at by ha/y & imp]fect inve/igation1 nor ! aimless outp\r+s ei!r ( sympa?y or poetry2 b !y are proclamations ( delib]ate1 well-weigh$ convictions1 produc$ by accumulations ( pro(1 by affirmations & affidavits1 by writt5 te/imonies & /atem5ts ( a cl\d ( witnesses :o speak :at !y "k & te/ify :at !y h se51 & all ^! impregnably =tifi$ by pro(s innum]able1 9 ! relation ( ! slavehold] to 8 slave1 ! nature ( arbitr>y p[]1 & ! nature & hi/ory ( man4 ,( ! witnesses ^: te/imony is embodi$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 a majority are slavehold]s1 _m ( ! rema9d] h be5 slavehold]s1 b n[ reside 9 free ,/ates4 ,ano!r class ^: te/imony w be giv51 consi/s ( ^? :o h furni%$ ! results ( _! own obs]vation dur+ p]iods ( resid5ce & travel 9 ! slave ,/ates4 ,we w fir/ pres5t ! read] ) a few ,,p]sonal ,,n>ratives furni%$ by individuals1 natives ( slave /ates & o!rs1 embody+1 9 ! ma91 ! results ( _! own obs]vation 9 ! mid/ ( slav]y--facts & sc5es ( :i* !y 7 eye-witnesses4 ,9 ! next place1 to give ! read] z cle> & def9ite a view ( ! actual condition ( slaves z possible1 we propose to make specific po9ts2 to pass 9 review ! v>i\s p>ticul>s 9 ! slave's condition1 simply pres5t+ suffici5t te/imony "u ea* head to settle ! "q 9 e c&id m9d4 ,! exam9ation w be conduct$ by /at+ di/9ct propositions1 & 9 ! foll[+ ord] ( topics4 #a4 ,,! ,,food ,,( ,,! ,,slaves1 ,,! ,,k9ds1 ,,quality ,,& ,,quantity1 ,,also1 ,,! ,,numb] ,,& ,,"t ,,( ,,meals ,,ea* ,,day1 c4 #b4 ,,_! ,,h\rs ,,( ,,labor ,,& ,,re/4 #c4 ,,_! ,,clo?+4 #d4 ,,_! ,,dwell+s4 #e4 ,,_! ,,privations ,,& ,,inflictions4 #f4 ,9 conclusion1 a v>iety ( ,,objections & ,,argum5ts w be consid]$ :i* are us$ by ! advocates ( slav]y to set aside ! =ce ( te/imony1 & to %[ t ! slaves are k9dly treat$4 ,betwe5 ! l>g] divisions ( ! "w1 brief p]sonal n>ratives w be ins]t$1 conta9+ a mass ( facts & te/imony1 bo? g5]al & specific4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p]sonal ,,n>ratives4 ,,mr4 ,,nehemiah ,,caulk9s1 ( ,wat]=d1 ,new ,london ,co41 ,connecticut1 has furni%$ ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ) ! foll[+ /atem5ts relative to ! condition & treatm5t ( slaves1 9 ! s\? ea/]n "p ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,mo/ ( ! facts relat$ by ,mr4 ,caulk9s fell "u 8 p]sonal obs]vation4 ,! air ( c&or & hone/y t p]vades ! n>rative1 ! mann] 9 :i* ,mr4 ,c4 has drawn x up1 ! good s5se1 j views1 consci5ce & he>t :i* x exhibits1 are suffici5t ( !mselves to comm5d x to all :o h e>s to he>4 ,! ,committee h no p]sonal acqua9tance ) ,mr4 ,caulk9s1 b !y h ample te/imonials f ! mo/ respectable s\rces1 all ( :i* repres5t him to be a man ^: long e/abli%$ "* = /]l+ integrity1 s\nd moral pr9ciple & piety1 h secur$ = him ! uni=m respect & confid5ce ( ^? :o "k him4 ,)\t fur!r preface ! foll[+ te/imonials are submitt$ to ! read]4 ,?is may c]tify1 t we ! subscrib]s h liv$ = a numb] ( ye>s pa/ 9 ! neighborhood ) ,mr4 ,nehemiah ,caulk9s1 & h no hesitation 9 /at+ t we consid] him a man ( high respectability & t 8 "* = tru? & v]acity is unimpea*able4 ,,pet] ,,com/ock4 ,a4,f4 ,,p]k9s1 ,m4,d4 ,,isaac ,,beebe4 ,,lod[ick ,,beebe4 ,d4 ,g4 ,,otis4 ,,philip ,,morgan4 ,,james ,,rog]s1 ,m4,d4 ,wat]=d1 ,ct41 ,jan4 #af?1 #ahci4 ,mr4 ,com/ock is a ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace4 ,mr4 ,l4 ,beebe is ! ,t[n ,cl]k ( ,wat]=d4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,beebe is a memb] ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur*4 ,mr4 ,otis is a memb] ( ! ,congregational ,*ur*4 ,mr4 ,morgan is a ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace1 & ,messrs4 ,p]k9s & ,rog]s are designat$ by _! titles4 ,all ^? g5tlem5 are citiz5s ( ,wat]=d1 ,connecticut4 ,to :om x may conc]n4 ,?is may c]tify t ,mr4 ,nehemiah ,caulk9s1 ( ,wat]=d1 9 ,new ,london ,c\nty1 is a ne> neighbor to ! subscrib]1 & has be5 = _m ye>s4 ,i d consid] him a man ( unque/ionable v]acity & c]tify t he is s consid]$ by p to :om he is p]sonally kn[n4 ,,edw>d ,r4 ,,w>r54 ,jan4 #ae?1 #ahci4 ,mr4 ,w>r5 is a ,commission] 7,associate ,judge7 ( ! ,c\nty ,c\rt1 = ,new ,london ,c\nty4 ,?is may c]tify t ,mr4 ,nehemiah ,caulk9s1 ( ! t[n ( ,wat]=d1 ,c\nty ( ,new ,london1 & ,/ate ( ,connecticut1 is a memb] ( ! fir/ ,bapti/ ,*ur* 9 said ,wat]=d1 is 9 good /&+1 & is e/eem$ by u a man ( tru? & v]acity4 ,,francis ,,d>r[1 ,pa/or ( said ,*ur*4 ,wat]=d1 ,jan4 #af?1 #ahci4 ,?is may c]tify t ,nehemiah ,caulk9s1 ( ,wat]=d1 lives ne> me1 & ,i always e/eem$ him1 & believe him to be a man ( tru? & v]acity4 ,,eli%a ,,beck)4 ,jan4 #af?1 #ahci4 ,mr4 ,beck) is a ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace1 a ,po/ ,ma/]1 & a ,deacon ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur*4 ,mr4 ,dwight ,p4 ,jones1 a memb] ( ! ,second ,congregational ,*ur* 9 ! city ( ,new ,london1 9 a rec5t lett]1 says2 ,mr4 ,caulk9s is a memb] ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* 9 ,wat]=d1 & 9 e respect a v wor?y citiz54 ,i h labor$ ) him 9 ! ,sabba? ,s*ool1 & "k him to be a man ( active piety4 ,! mo/ entire confid5ce may be plac$ 9 ! tru? ( 8 /atem5ts4 ,:]e he is kn[n1 no "o w call !m 9 "q4 ,we close ^! te/imonials ) an extract1 ( a lett] f ,william ,bolles1 ,esq41 a well kn[n & respect$ citiz5 ( ,new ,london1 ,ct4 ,mr4 ,nehemiah ,caulk9s resides 9 ! t[n ( ,wat]=d1 ab\t six miles f ?is ,city4 ,8 opportunities to acquire exact k 9 relation to ,slav]y1 9 t section ( our c\ntry1 to :i* 8 n>rative is conf9$1 h be5 v great4 ,he is a c>p5t]1 & 0 employ$ pr9cipally on ! plantations1 work+ at 8 trade1 be+ ?us almo/ con/antly 9 ! company ( ! slaves z well z ( _! ma/]s4 ,8 full he>t readily respond$ to ! call1 = in=mation relative to slav]y1 =1 z he express$ x1 he _h long desir$ t o!rs might "k :at he _h se51 be+ confid5t t a g5]al k ( facts z !y exi/1 w\ld greatly promote ! ov]?r[ ( ! sy/em4 ,he is a man ( und\bt$ "*2 & :]e kn[n1 8 /atem5ts ne$ no corroboration4 ,y\rs1 c4 ,,william ,,bolles4 ,,n>rative ,,( ,,mr4 ,,caulk9s4 ,i feel x my duty to tell "s ?+s t ,i "k ab\t slav]y1 9 ord]1 if possible1 to awak5 m feel+ at ! ,nor? 9 behalf ( ! slave4 ,! treatm5t ( ! slaves on ! plantations :]e ,i _h ! greate/ opportunity ( gett+ k1 0 n s bad z t on "s neighbor+ e/ates1 :]e ! own]s 7 not$ = _! cruelty4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 o!r e/ates 9 ! vic9ity1 :]e ! treatm5t 0 bett]2 ! slaves 7 bett] clo!d & f$1 7 n work$ s h>d1 & m att5tion 0 paid to _! qu>t]s4 ,! sc5es t ,i h witness$ are en\gh to h>r[ up ! s\l2 b c\ld ! slave be p]mitt$ to tell ! /ory ( 8 suff]+s1 :i* no :ite man1 n l9k$ ) slav]y1 is all[$ to "k1 ! l& w\ld vomit out ! horrible sy/em1 slavehold]s & all1 if !y w\ld n uncl9* _! grasp ^u _! def5celess victims4 ,i sp5t elev5 w9t]s1 betwe5 ! ye>s #ahbd & #ahce1 9 ! /ate ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 mo/ly 9 ! vic9ity ( ,wilm+ton2 & f\r out ( ! elev5 on ! e/ate ( ,mr4 ,john ,swan1 five or six miles f t place4 ,!re 7 on 8 plantation ab\t sev5ty slaves1 male & female3 "s 7 m>ri$1 & o!rs liv$ toge!r z man & wife1 )\t ev5 a mock c]emony4 ,) _! own]s g5]ally1 x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce2 ! m>riage ( slaves n be+ recogniz$ by ! slave code4 ,! slaves1 h[ev]1 ?9k mu* ( be+ m>ri$ by a cl]gyman4 ,! cab9s or huts ( ! slaves 7 small1 & 7 built pr9cipally by ! slaves !mselves1 z !y c\ld f9d "t on ,sundays & moonlight nights2 !y w5t into ! swamps1 cut ! logs1 back$ or haul$ !m to ! qu>t]s1 & put up _! cab9s4 ,:5 ,i fir/ knew ,mr4 ,swan's plantation1 8 ov]se] 0 a man :o _h be5 a ,me?odi/ m9i/]4 ,he treat$ ! slaves ) great cruelty4 ,8 reason = leav+ ! m9i/ry & becom+ an ov]se]1 z ,i 0 in=m$1 0 ?is3 8 wife di$1 at :i* provid5ce he 0 s enrag$1 t he swore he w\ld n prea* = ! ,"l ano!r day4 ,?is man cont9u$ on ! plantation ab\t ?ree ye>s2 at ! close ( :i*1 on settlem5t ( acc\nts1 ,mr4 ,swan ow$ him ab\t #djj1 = :i* he turn$ him out a negro woman1 & ab\t tw5ty acres ( l&4 ,he built a log hut1 & took ! woman to live ) him2 s9ce :i*1 ,i h be5 at 8 hut1 & se5 f\r or five mulatto *ildr54 ,he has be5 appo9t$ ju/ice ( ! peace1 & 8 place z ov]se] 0 aft]w>ds occupi$ by a ,mr4 ,gall[ay4 ,x is cu/om>y 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry1 to let ! hogs run 9 ! woods4 ,on "o occasion a slave caught a pig ab\t two mon?s old1 :i* he c>ri$ to 8 qu>t]s4 ,! ov]se]1 gett+ in=mation ( ! fact1 w5t to ! field :]e he 0 at "w1 & ord]$ him to come to him4 ,! slave at once suspect$ x 0 some?+ ab\t ! pig1 & fe>+ puni%m5t1 dropp$ 8 hoe & ran = ! woods4 ,he _h got b a few rods1 :5 ! ov]se] rais$ 8 gun1 load$ ) duck %ot1 & br\ght him d[n4 ,x is a common practice = ov]se]s to g into ! field arm$ ) a gun or pi/ols1 & sometimes bo?4 ,he 0 tak5 up by ! slaves & c>ri$ to ! plantation hospital1 & ! physician s5t =4 ,a physician 0 employ$ by ! ye> to take c>e ( ! sick or w\nd$ slaves4 ,9 ab\t six weeks ?is slave got bett]1 & 0 able to come out ( ! hospital4 ,he came to ! mill :]e ,i 0 at "w1 & ask$ me to exam9e 8 body1 :i* ,i did1 & c\nt$ tw5ty-six duck %ot /ill rema9+ 9 8 fle%1 ?\gh ! doctor _h remov$ a numb] :ile he 0 laid up4 ,!re 0 a slave on ,mr4 ,swan's plantation1 by ! "n ( ,h>ry1 :o1 dur+ ! abs5ce ( 8 ma/]1 ran away & secret$ himself is ! woods4 ,?is ! slaves sometimes d1 :5 ! ma/] is abs5t = sev]al weeks1 to escape ! cruel treatm5t ( ! ov]se]4 ,x is common = !m to make prep>ations1 by secret+ a mort>1 a hat*et1 "s cook+ ut5sils1 & :atev] ?+s !y c get t w enable !m to live :ile !y are 9 ! woods or swamps4 ,h>ry /aid ab\t ?ree mon?s1 & liv$ by robb+ ! rice gr\nds1 & by su* o!r means z came 9 8 way4 ,! slaves g5]ally "k :]e ! runaway is secret$1 & visit him at night & on ,sundays4 ,on ! return ( 8 ma/]1 "s ( ! slaves 7 s5t = ,h>ry4 ,:5 he came home1 he 0 seiz$ & conf9$ 9 ! /ocks4 ,! /ocks 7 built 9 ! b>n1 & consi/$ ( two heavy pieces ( timb]1 t5 or m feet 9 l5g?1 & ab\t sev5 in*es wide2 ! l[] "o1 on ! floor1 has a numb] ( holes or places cut 9 x1 = ! ancles2 ! upp] piece1 be+ ( ! same dim5sions1 is fa/5$ at "o end by a h+e1 & is br\ght d[n aft] ! ancles are plac$ 9 ! holes1 & secur$ by a clasp & padlock at ! o!r end4 ,9 ?is mann] ! p]son is left to sit on ! floor4 ,b>ry 0 kept 9 ! /ocks day & night = a week1 & flogg$ e morn+4 ,aft] ?is1 he 0 tak5 out "o morn+1 a log *a9 fa/5$ ar\nd 8 neck1 ! two ends dragg+ on ! gr\nd1 & he s5t to ! field1 to d 8 task ) ! o!r slaves4 ,at night he 0 aga9 put 9 ! /ocks1 9 ! morn+ he 0 s5t to ! field 9 ! same mann]1 & ?us dragg$ out ano!r week4 ,! ov]se] 0 a v mis]ly fell[1 & re/rict$ 8 wife 9 :at are consid]$ ! com=ts ( life--su* z tea1 sug>1 c4 ,to make up = ?is1 %e set h] wits to "w1 &1 by ! help ( a slave1 nam$ ,joe1 us$ to take f ! plantation :atev] %e c\ld conv5i5tly1 & wat* h] opportunity dur+ h] husb&'s abs5ce1 & s5d ,joe to sell !m & buy = h] su* ?+s z %e direct$4 ,once :5 h] husb& 0 away1 %e told ,joe to kill & dress "o ( ! pigs1 sell x1 & get h] "s tea1 sug>1 c4 ,joe did z he 0 bid1 & %e gave him ! (fal = 8 s]vices4 ,:5 ,gall[ay return$1 n suspect+ 8 wife1 he ask$ h] if %e knew :at _h become ( 8 pig4 ,%e told him %e suspect$ "o ( ! slaves1 nam+ him1 _h /ol5 x1 = %e _h he>d a pig squeal ! ev5+ be=e4 ,! ov]se] call$ ! slave up1 & *>g$ him ) ! !ft4 ,he d5i$ x1 & said he knew no?+ ab\t x4 ,! ov]se] /ill *>g$ him ) x1 & told him he w\ld give him "o week to ?9k ( x1 & if he did n confess ! !ft1 or f9d out :o did /eal ! pig1 he w\ld flog e negro on ! plantation2 be=e ! week 0 up x 0 asc]ta9$ t ,joe _h kill$ ! pig4 ,he 0 call$ up & que/ion$1 & admitt$ t he _h done s1 & told ! ov]se] t he did x by ! ord] ( ,mrs4 ,gall[ay1 & t %e direct$ him to buy "s sug>1 c4 ) ! money4 ,mrs4 ,gall[ay gave ,joe ! lie2 & he 0 t]ribly flogg$4 ,joe told me he _h be5 sev]al times to ! smoke-h\se ) ,mrs4 ,g1 & tak5 hams & sold !m1 :i* h] husb& told me he suppos$ 7 /ol5 by ! negroes on a neighbor+ plantation4 ,mr4 ,swan1 he>+ ( ! circum/ance1 told me he believ$ ,joe's /ory1 b t 8 /atem5t w\ld n be tak5 z pro(2 & if e slave on ! plantation told ! same /ory x c\ld n be receiv$ z evid5ce aga9/ a :ite p]son4 ,to %[ ! mann] 9 :i* old & worn-out slaves are sometimes treat$1 ,i w /ate a fact4 ,gall[ay own$ a man ab\t sev5ty ye>s ( age4 ,! old man 0 sick & w5t to 8 hut2 laid himself d[n on "s /raw ) 8 feet to ! fire1 cov]$ by a piece ( an old blanket1 & !re lay f\r or five days1 groan+ 9 great di/ress1 )\t any att5tion be+ paid him by 8 ma/]1 until dea? end$ 8 mis]ies2 he 0 !n tak5 out & buri$ ) z little c]emony & respect z w\ld be paid to a brute4 ,!re is a practice preval5t among ! plant]s1 ( lett+ a negro (f f sev]e & long-cont9u$ puni%m5t on acc\nt ( ! int]cession ( "s :ite p]son1 :o pleads 9 8 behalf1 t he believes ! negro w behave bett]1 t he promises well1 & he believes he w keep 8 promise1 c4 ,! plant]s sometimes get tir$ ( puni%+ a negro1 &1 want+ 8 s]vices 9 ! field1 !y get "s :ite p]son to come1 &1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! slave1 int]c$e = him4 ,at "o "t a negro1 nam$ ,*>les1 0 conf9$ 9 ! /ocks 9 ! build+ :]e ,i 0 at "w1 & _h be5 sev]ely :ipp$ sev]al times4 ,he begg$ me to int]c$e = him & try to get him releas$4 ,i told him ,i w\ld2 & :5 8 ma/] came 9 to :ip him aga91 ,i w5t up to him & told him ,i _h be5 talk+ ) ,*>les1 & he _h promis$ to behave bett]1 c41 & reque/$ him n to puni% him any m1 b to let him g4 ,he !n said to ,*>les1 ,z ,mr4 ,caulk9s has be5 plead+ = y1 ,i w let y g on 8 acc\nt2 & accord+ly releas$ him4 ,wom5 are g5]ally %[n "s little indulg5ce = ?ree or f\r weeks previ\s to *ildbir?2 !y are at su* times n (t5 puni%$ if !y d n f9i% ! task assign$ !m2 x is1 9 "s cases1 pass$ ov] ) a sev]e reprim&1 & sometimes )\t any notice be+ tak5 ( x4 ,!y ate g5]ally all[$ f\r weeks aft] ! bir? ( a *ild1 be=e !y are compell$ to g into ! field1 !y !n take ! *ild ) !m1 att5d$ sometimes by a little girl or boy1 f ! age ( f\r to six1 to take c>e ( x :ile ! "m is at "w4 ,:5 !re is no *ild t c be sp>$1 or n "y en\gh = ?is s]vice1 ! "m1 aft] nurs+1 lays x "u a tree1 or by ! side ( a f5ce1 & goes to h] task1 return+ at /at$ int]vals to nurse x4 ,:ile ,i 0 on ?is plantation1 a little negro girl1 six ye>s ( age1 de/roy$ ! life ( a *ild ab\t two mon?s old1 :i* 0 left 9 h] c>e4 ,x seems ?is little nurse1 s call$1 got tir$ ( h] *>ge & ! labor ( c>ry+ x to ! qu>t]s at night1 ! "m be+ oblig$ to "w z long z %e c\ld see4 ,"o ev5+ %e nurs$ ! infant at sunset z usual1 & s5t x to ! qu>t]s4 ,! little girl1 on h] way home1 _h to cross a run or brook1 :i* l$ d[n into ! swamp2 :5 %e came to ! brook %e foll[$ x into ! swamp1 !n took ! infant & plung$ x head =emo/ into ! wat] & mud1 :]e x /uck fa/2 %e !re left x & w5t to ! negro qu>t]s4 ,:5 ! "m came 9 f ! field1 %e ask$ ! girl :]e ! *ild 02 %e told h] %e _h br\ght x home1 b did n "k :]e x 02 ! ov]se] 0 imm$iately in=m$1 se>* 0 made1 & x 0 f\nd z above /at$1 & dead4 ,! little girl 0 %ut up 9 ! b>n1 & conf9$ !re two or ?ree weeks1 :5 a speculator came along & b\ght h] = two hundr$ doll>s4 ,! slaves are oblig$ to "w f daylight till d>k1 z long z !y c see4 ,:5 !y h tasks assign$1 :i* is (t5 ! case1 a few ( ! /ronge/ & mo/ exp]t1 sometimes f9i% !m be=e sunset2 o!rs w be oblig$ to "w till eight or n9e o'clock 9 ! ev5+4 ,all mu/ f9i% _! tasks or take a flogg+4 ,! :ip & gun1 or pi/ol1 are companions ( ! ov]se]2 ! =m] he uses v frequ5tly ^u ! negroes1 dur+ _! h\rs ( labor1 )\t reg>d to age or sex4 ,sc>cely a day pass$ :ile ,i 0 on ! plantation1 9 :i* "s ( ! slaves 7 n :ipp$2 ,i d n mean t !y 7 /ruck a few bl[s m]ely1 b _h a set flogg+4 ,! same labor is commonly assign$ to m5 & wom51--su* z digg+ dit*es 9 ! rice m>%es1 cle>+ up l&1 *opp+ cord-wood1 ?re%+1 c4 ,i h kn[n ! wom5 g into ! b>n z soon z !y c\ld see 9 ! morn+1 & "w z late z !y c\ld see at night1 ?re%+ rice ) ! flail1 7!y n[ h a ?re%+ ma*9e17 & :5 !y c\ld see to ?re% no long]1 !y _h to ga!r up ! rice1 c>ry x up /airs1 & deposit x 9 ! gran>y4 ,! all[ance ( clo?+ on ?is plantation to ea* slave1 0 giv5 out at ,*ri/mas = ! ye>1 & consi/$ ( "o pair ( co>se %oes1 & en\gh co>se clo? to make a jacket & tr[s]s4 ,if ! man has a wife %e makes x up2 if n1 x is made up 9 ! h\se4 ,! slaves on ?is plantation1 be+ ne> ,wilm+ton1 procur$ !mselves extra clo?+ by work+ ,sundays & moonlight nights1 cutt+ cordwood 9 ! swamps1 :i* !y _h to back ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile to ! ric]2 !y w\ld !n get a p]mit f _! ma/]1 & tak+ ! wood 9 _! canoes1 c>ry x to ,wilm+ton1 & sell x to ! vessels1 or dispose ( x z !y be/ c\ld1 & ) ! money buy an old jacket ( ! sailors1 "s co>se clo? = a %irt1 c4 ,!y sometimes ga!r ! moss f ! trees1 :i* !y cleanse & take to m>ket4 ,! wom5 receive _! all[ance ( ! same k9d ( clo? :i* ! m5 h4 ,?is !y make into a frock2 if !y h any "u g>m5ts !y mu/ procure !m = !mselves4 ,:5 ! slaves get a p]mit to leave ! plantation1 !y sometimes make all r+ aga9 by s++ ! foll[+ significant ditty1 :i* %[s t aft] all !re is a fl[ ( spirits 9 ! human brea/ :i* = a :ile1 at lea/1 enables !m to =get _! wret*$ness4#a ,hurra1 = good ole ,massa1 ,he giv me de pass to g to de city ,hurra1 = good ole ,missis1 ,%e bile de pot1 & giv me de lick]4 ,hurra1 ,i'm go9 to de city4 ,footnote #a3 ,slaves sometimes s+1 & s d convicts 9 jails "u s5t5ce1 & bo? = ! same reason4 ,_! s++ proves t !y want to be happy n t !y are s4 ,x is ! means t !y use to make !mselves happy1 n ! evid5ce t !y are s already4 ,sometimes1 d\btless1 ! excitem5t ( song :elms _! mis]y 9 mom5t>y oblivion4 ,he :o argues f ?is t !y h no consci\s mis]y to =get1 kn[s z little ( human nature z ( slav]y4--,,editor4 ,e ,saturday night ! slaves receive _! all[ance ( provisions1 :i* mu/ la/ !m till ! next ,saturday night4 ,potatoe "t1 z x is call$1 beg9s ab\t ! middle ( ,july4 ,! slave may measure = himself1 ! ov]se] be+ pres5t1 half a bu%el ( sweet potatoes1 & heap ! measure z long z !y w lie on2 ,i h1 h[ev]1 se5 ! ov]se]1 if he ?9k ! negro is gett+ too _m1 kick ! measure2 & if any fall (f tell him he has got 8 measure4 ,no salt is furni%$ !m to eat ) _! potatoes4 ,:5 rice or corn is giv51 !y give !m a little salt2 sometimes half a p9t ( molasses is giv51 b n (t54 ,! quantity ( rice1 :i* is ( ! small1 brok51 unsaleable k9d1 is "o peck4 ,:5 corn is giv5 !m1 _! all[ance is ! same1 & if !y get x gr\nd1 7,mr4 ,swan _h a mill on 8 plantation17 !y mu/ give "o qu>t = gr9d+1 ?us r$uc+ _! weekly all[ance to sev5 qu>ts4 ,:5 fi% 7mullet7 7 pl5ty1 !y 7 all[$1 9 addition1 "o fi%4 ,z to meat1 !y seldom _h any4 ,i d n ?9k !y _h an all[ance ( meat (t5] ?an once 9 two or ?ree mon?s1 & !n ! quantity 0 v small4 ,:5 !y w5t into ! field to "w1 !y took "s ( ! meal or rice & a pot ) !m2 ! pots 7 giv5 to an old woman1 :o plac$ two poles p>allel1 set ! pots on !m1 & k9dl$ a fire und]nea? = cook+2 %e took salt ) h] & season$ ! messes z %e ?\ght prop]4 ,:5 _! breakfa/ 0 ready1 :i* 0 g5]ally ab\t t5 or elev5 o'clock1 !y 7 call$ f labor1 ate1 & return$ to "w2 9 ! aft]noon1 d9n] 0 prep>$ 9 ! same way4 ,!y _h b two meals a day :ile 9 ! field2 if !y want$ m1 !y cook$ = !mselves aft] !y return$ to _! qu>t]s at night4 ,at ! "t ( kill+ hogs on ! plantation1 ! pluck1 entrails1 & blood 7 giv5 to ! slaves4 ,:5 ,i fir/ w5t ^u ,mr4 ,swan's plantation1 ,i saw a slave 9 %ackles or fett]s1 :i* 7 fa/5$ ar\nd ea* ankle & firmly rivet$1 connect$ toge!r by a *a94 ,to ! middle ( ?is *a9 he _h fa/5$ a /r+1 s z 9 a mann] to susp5d !m & keep !m f gall+ 8 ankles4 ,?is slave1 ^: "n 0 ,frank1 0 an intellig5t1 good look+ man1 & a v good me*anic4 ,!re 0 no?+ vici\s 9 8 "*1 b he 0 "o ( ^? high-spirit$ & d>+ m51 t :ips1 *a9s1 fett]s1 & all ! means ( cruelty 9 ! p[] ( slav]y1 c\ld n subdue4 ,mr4 ,s4 _h employ$ a ,mr4 ,beck) to repair a boat1 & told him ,frank 0 a good me*anic1 & he might h 8 s]vices4 ,frank 0 s5t =1 8 %ackles /ill on4 ,mr4 ,beck) set him to "w mak+ trundels1 c4 ,i 0 employ$ 9 putt+ up a build+1 & aft] ,mr4 ,beck) _h done ) ,frank1 he 0 s5t = to assi/ me4 ,mr4 ,swan s5t him to a blacksmi?'s %op & _h 8 %ackles cut (f ) a cold *isel4 ,frank 0 aft]w>ds sold to a cotton plant]4 ,i w relate "o circum/ance1 :i* %[s ! little reg>d t is paid to ! feel+s ( ! slave4 ,dur+ ! "t t ,mr4 ,isaiah ,rog]s 0 sup]9t5d+ ! build+ ( a rice ma*9e1 "o ( ! slaves compla9$ ( a sev]e too?a*e4 ,swan ask$ ,mr4 ,rog]s to take 8 hamm] & knock out ! too?4 ,!re 0 a slave on ! plantation nam$ ,b51 a wait+ man4 ,i occupi$ a room 9 ! same hut1 & _h frequ5t conv]sations ) him4 ,b5 0 a k9d-he>t$ man1 &1 ,i believe1 a ,*ri/ian2 he w\ld always ask a bless+ be=e he sat d[n to eat1 & 0 9 ! con/ant practice ( pray+ morn+ & night4--,"o day :5 ,i 0 at ! hut1 ,b5 0 s5t = to g to ! h\se4 ,b5 sigh$ deeply & w5t4 ,he soon return$ ) a girl ab\t sev5te5 ye>s ( age1 :om "o ( ,mr4 ,swan's daught]s _h ord]$ him to flog4 ,he br\ght h] into ! room :]e ,i 01 & told h] to /& !re :ile he w5t into ! next room3 ,i he>d him groan aga9 z he w5t4 ,:ile !re ,i he>d 8 voice1 & he 0 engag$ 9 pray]4 ,aft] a few m9utes he return$ ) a l>ge c[hide1 & /ood be=e ! girl1 )\t say+ a ^w4 ,i conclud$ he wi%$ me to leave ! hut1 :i* ,i did2 & imm$iately aft] ,i he>d ! girl scream4 ,at e bl[ %e w\ld %riek1 ,d1 ,b56 oh d1 ,b56 ,?is is a common expression ( ! slaves to ! p]son :ipp+ !m3 ,d1 ,massa6 or1 ,d1 ,missus6 ,aft] %e _h gone1 ,i ask$ ,b5 :at %e 0 :ipp$ =3 he told me %e _h done some?+ to displease h] "y missus2 & 9 box+ h] e>s1 & o!rwise beat+ h]1 %e _h scrat*$ h] f+] by a p9 9 ! girl's dress1 = :i* %e s5t h] to be flogg$4 ,i ask$ him if he /ripp$ h] be=e flogg+2 he said1 yes2 he did n l to d ?is1 b 0 oblig$ to3 he said he 0 once ord]$ to :ip a woman1 :i* he did )\t /ripp+ h]3 on h] return to ! h\se1 h] mi/ress exam9$ h] back2 & n see+ any m>ks1 he 0 s5t =1 & ask$ :y he _h n :ipp$ h]3 he repli$ t he _h2 %e said %e saw no m>ks1 & ask$ him if he _h made h] pull h] clo!s (f2 he said1 ,no4 ,%e !n told him1 t :5 he :ipp$ any m ( ! wom51 he mu/ make !m /rip (f _! clo!s1 z well z ! m51 & flog !m on _! b>e backs1 or he %\ld be flogg$ himself4 ,b5 (t5 appe>$ v gloomy & sad3 ,i h frequ5tly he>d him1 :5 9 8 room1 m\rn+ ov] 8 condition1 & exclaim1 ,poor ,african slave6 ,poor ,african slave6 ,:ipp+ 0 s common an occurr5ce on ?is plantation1 t x w\ld be too great a repetition to /ate ! _m & sev]e flogg+s ,i h se5 inflict$ on ! slaves4 ,!y 7 flogg$ = n p]=m+ _! tasks1 = be+ c>eless1 sl[1 or n 9 "t1 = go+ to ! fire to w>m1 c4 c42 & x (t5 seem$ z if occasions 7 s\ght z an excuse = puni%+ !m4 ,on "o occasion1 ,i he>d ! ov]se] *>ge ! h&s to be at a c]ta9 place ! next morn+ at sun-rise4 ,i 0 pres5t 9 ! morn+1 9 company ) my bro!r1 :5 ! h&s arriv$4 ,joe1 ! slave already spok5 (1 came runn+1 all out ( brea?1 ab\t five m9utes beh9d ! "t1 :51 )\t ask+ any que/ions1 ! ov]se] told him to take (f 8 jacket4 ,joe took (f 8 jacket4 ,he _h on a piece ( a %irt2 he told him to take x (f3 ,joe took x (f3 he !n :ipp$ him ) a heavy c[hide full six feet long4 ,at e /roke ,joe w\ld spr+ f ! gr\nd1 & scream1 ,o my ,god6 ,d1 ,massa ,gall[ay6 ,my bro!r 0 s exasp]at$2 t he turn$ to me & said1 ,if ,i 7 ,joe1 ,i w\ld kill ! ov]se] if ,i knew ,i %\ld be %ot ! next m9ute4 ,9 ! w9t] ! horn blew at ab\t f\r 9 ! morn+1 & all ! ?re%]s 7 requir$ to be at ! ?re%+ floor 9 fifte5 m9utes aft]4 ,!y _h to g ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile f _! qu>t]s4 ,gall[ay w\ld /& ne> ! entrance1 & all :o did n come 9 "t w\ld get a bl[ ov] ! back or head z heavy z he c\ld /rike4 ,i h se5 him1 at su* times1 foll[ aft] !m1 /rik+ furi\sly a numb] ( bl[s1 & e "o foll[$ by _! screams4 ,i h se5 ! wom5 g to _! "w aft] su* a flogg+1 cry+ & tak+ on mo/ pite\sly4 ,x is almo/ impossible to believe t human nature c endure su* h>d%ips & suff]+s z ! slaves h to g ?r\gh3 ,i h se5 !m driv5 into a dit* 9 a rice swamp to bail out ! wat]1 9 ord] to put d[n a flood-gate1 :5 !y _h to break ! ice1 & !re /& 9 ! wat] among ! ice until x 0 bail$ out4 ,i h (t5 kn[n ! h&s to be tak5 f ! field1 s5t d[n ! riv] 9 flats or boats to ,wilm+ton1 abs5t f tw5ty-f\r to ?irty h\rs1 )\t any ?+ to eat1 no provision be+ made = ^! occasions4 ,gall[ay kept m$ic9e on h&1 t 9 case any ( ! slaves 7 sick1 he c\ld give x to !m )\t s5d+ = ! physician2 b he always kept a good look out t !y did n %am sickness4 ,:5 any ( !m excit$ 8 suspicions1 he w\ld make !m take ! m$ic9e 9 8 pres5ce1 & w\ld give !m a rap on ! top ( ! head1 to make !m swall[ x4 ,a man once came to him1 ( :om he said he 0 suspici\s3 he gave him two potions ( salts1 & fa/5$ him 9 ! /ocks = ! night4 ,8 m$ic9e soon began to op]ate2 & !re he lay 9 all 8 fil? till he 0 tak5 out ! next day4 ,"o day1 ,mr4 ,swan beat a slave sev]ely1 = alleg$ c>elessness 9 lett+ a boat get adrift4 ,! slave 0 told to secure ! boat3 :e!r he took suffici5t means = ?is purpose ,i d n "k2 he 0 n all[$ to make any def5ce4 ,mr4 ,swan call$ him up1 & ask$ :y he did n secure ! boat3 he pull$ (f 8 hat & began to tell 8 /ory4 ,swan told him he 0 a damn$ li>1 & comm5c$ beat+ him ov] ! head ) a hickory cane1 & ! slave retreat$ backw>ds2 ,swan foll[$ him ab\t two rods1 ?re%+ him ov] ! head ) ! hickory z he w5t4 ,z ,i 0 "o day /&+ ne> "s slaves :o 7 ?re%+1 ! driv]1 ?9k+ "o ( ! wom5 did n use h] flail quick en\gh1 /ruck h] ov] ! head3 ! end ( ! :ip hit h] 9 ! eye4 ,i ?\ght at ! "t he _h put x out2 b1 aft] p\ltic+ & doctor+ = "s days1 %e recov]$4 ,speak+ to him ab\t x1 he said t he once /ruck a slave s z to put "o ( h] eyes entirely out4 ,a patrol is kept ^u ea* e/ate1 & e slave f\nd (f ! plantation )\t a pass is :ipp$ on ! spot4 ,i knew a slave :o />t$ )\t a pass1 "o night1 = a neighbor+ plantation1 to see 8 wife3 he 0 caught1 ti$ to a tree1 & flogg$4 ,he /at$ 8 bus9ess to ! patrol1 :o 0 well acqua9t$ ) him b all to no purpose4 ,i spoke to ! patrol ab\t x aft]w>ds3 he said he knew ! negro1 t he 0 a v clev] fell[1 b he _h to :ip him2 =1 if he let him pass1 he mu/ ano!r1 c4 ,he /at$ t he _h sometimes caught & flogg$ f\r 9 a night4 ,9 conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,swan ab\t runaway slaves1 he /at$ to me ! foll[+ fact3--,a slave1 by ! "n ( ,luke1 0 own$ 9 ,wilm+ton2 he 0 sold to a speculator & c>ri$ to ,georgia4 ,aft] an abs5ce ( ab\t two mon?s ! slave return$2 he wat*$ an opportunity to ent] 8 old ma/]'s h\se :5 ! family 7 abs5t1 no "o be+ at home b a "y wait+ man4 ,luke w5t to ! room :]e 8 ma/] kept 8 arms2 took 8 gun1 ) "s ammunition1 & w5t into ! woods4 ,on ! return ( 8 ma/]1 ! wait+ man told him :at _h be5 done3 ?is ?rew him into a viol5t passion2 he swore he w\ld kill ,luke1 or lose 8 own life4 ,he load$ ano!r gun1 took two m51 & made se>*1 b c\ld n f9d him3 he !n adv]tis$ him1 (f]+ a l>ge rew>d if deliv]$ to him or lodg$ 9 jail4 ,8 neighbors1 h[ev]1 advis$ him to (f] a rew>d ( two hundr$ doll>s = him dead or alive1 :i* he did4 ,no?+ h[ev] 0 he>d ( him = "s mon?s4 ,mr4 ,swan said1 "o ( 8 slaves ran away1 & 0 gone eight or t5 weeks2 on 8 return he said he _h f\nd ,luke1 & t he _h a rifle1 two pi/ols1 & a sword4 ,i left ! plantation 9 ! spr+1 & return$ to ! nor?2 :5 ,i w5t out aga91 ! next fall1 ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,swan if any ?+ _h be5 he>d ( ,luke2 he said he 0 %ot1 & relat$ to me ! mann] ( 8 dea?1 z foll[s3--,luke w5t to "o ( ! plantations1 & ent]$ a hut = some?+ to eat4 ,be+ fatigu$1 he sat d[n & fell asleep4 ,!re 0 only a woman 9 ! hut at ! "t3 z soon z %e f\nd he 0 asleep1 %e ran & told h] ma/]1 :o took 8 rifle1 & call$ two :ite m5 on ano!r plantation3 ! ?ree1 ) _! rifles1 !n w5t to ! hut1 & po/$ !mselves 9 diff]5t positions1 s t !y c\ld wat* ! door4 ,:5 ,luke wak$ up he w5t to ! door to look out1 & saw !m ) _! rifles1 he /epp$ back & rais$ 8 gun to 8 face4 ,!y call$ to him to surr5d]2 & /at$ t !y _h him 9 _! p[]1 & said he _h bett] give up4 ,he said he w\ld n3 & if !y tri$ to take him1 he w\ld kill "o ( !m2 =1 if he gave up1 he knew !y w\ld kill him1 & he 0 det]m9$ to sell 8 life z de> z he c\ld4 ,!y told him1 if he %\ld %oot "o ( !m1 ! o!r two w\ld c]ta9ly kill him3 he repli$1 he 0 det]m9$ n to give up1 & kept 8 gun mov+ f "o to ! o!r2 & :ile 8 rifle 0 turn$ t[>d "o1 ano!r1 /&+ 9 a diff]5t direction1 %ot him ?r\gh ! head1 & he fell lifeless to ! gr\nd4 ,!re 0 ano!r slave %ot :ile ,i 0 !re2 ?is man _h run away1 & _h be5 liv+ 9 ! woods a long "t1 & x 0 n kn[n :]e he 01 till "o day he 0 discov]$ by two m51 :o w5t on ! l>ge isl& ne> ,belvid]e to hunt turkeys2 !y %ot him & c>ri$ 8 head home4 ,x is common to keep dogs on ! plantations1 to pursue & cat* runaway slaves4 ,i 0 once bitt5 by "o ( !m4 ,i w5t to ! ov]se]'s h\se1 ! dog lay 9 ! piazza1 z soon z ,i put my foot ^u ! floor1 he sprang & bit me j above ! knee1 b n sev]ely2 he tore my pantaloons badly4 ,! ov]se] apologiz$ = 8 dog1 say+ he nev] knew him to bite a :ite man be=e4 ,he said he once _h a dog1 :5 he liv$ on ano!r plantation1 t 0 v useful to him 9 hunt+ runaway negroes4 ,he said t a slave on ! plantation once ran away2 z soon z he f\nd ! c\rse he took1 he put ! dog on ! track1 & he soon came s close ^u him t ! man _h to climb a tree1 he foll[$ ) 8 gun1 & br\ght ! slave home4 ,! slaves h a great dread ( be+ sold & c>ri$ s\?4 ,x is g5]ally said1 & ,i h no d\bt ( its tru?1 t !y are mu* worse treat$ f>!r s\?4 ,! foll[+ are a few among ! _m facts relat$ to me :ile ,i liv$ among ! slavehold]4 ,! names ( ! plant]s & plantations1 ,i %all n give1 z !y did n come "u my own obs]vation4 ,i h[ev] place ! fulle/ confid5ce 9 _! tru?4 ,a plant] n f> f ,mr4 ,swan's employ$ an ov]se] to :om he paid #djj a ye>2 he became dissatisfi$ ) him1 because he did n drive ! slaves h>d en\gh1 & get m "w out ( !m4 ,he !re=e s5t to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 or ,georgia1 & got a man to :om he paid ,i believe #hjj a ye>4 ,he prov$ to be a cruel fell[1 & drove ! slaves almo/ to dea?4 ,!re 0 a slave on ?is plantation1 :o _h repeat$ly run away1 & _h be5 sev]ely flogg$ e "t4 ,! la/ "t he 0 caught1 a hole 0 dug 9 ! gr\nd1 & he buri$ up to ! *91 8 arms be+ secur$ d[n by 8 sides4 ,he 0 kept 9 ?is situation f\r or five days4 ,! foll[+ 0 told me by an intimate fri5d2 x took place on a plantation conta9+ ab\t "o hundr$ slaves4 ,"o day ! own] ord]$ ! wom5 into ! b>n1 he !n w5t 9 among !m1 :ip 9 h&1 & told !m he meant to flog !m all to dea?2 !y began imm$iately to cry out ,:at h ,i done ,massa8 ,:at h ,i done ,massa8 ,he repli$2 ,d--n y1 ,i w let y "k :at y h done1 y don't bre$1 ,i hav5't _h a "y "o f "o ( y = sev]al mon?s4 ,!y told him !y c\ld n bre$ :ile !y _h to "w 9 ! rice dit*es4 7,! rice gr\nds are l[ & m>%y1 & h to be dra9$1 & :ile digg+ or cle>+ ! dit*es1 ! wom5 _h to "w 9 mud & wat] f "o to two feet 9 dep?2 !y 7 oblig$ to draw up & secure _! frocks ab\t _! wai/1 to keep !m out ( ! wat]1 9 ?is mann] !y frequ5tly _h to "w f daylight 9 ! morn+ till x 0 s d>k !y c\ld see no long]47 ,aft] swe>+ & ?reat5+ = "s "t1 he told !m to tell ! ov]se]'s wife1 :5 !y got 9 t way1 & he w\ld put !m ^u ! l& to "w4 ,?is same plant] _h a female slave :o 0 a memb] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*2 = a slave %e 0 intellig5t & consci5ti\s4 ,he propos$ a crim9al int]c\rse ) h]4 ,%e w\ld n comply4 ,he left h] & s5t = ! ov]se]1 & told him to h h] flogg$4 ,x 0 done4 ,n long aft]1 he r5ew$ 8 proposal4 ,%e aga9 refus$4 ,%e 0 aga9 :ipp$4 ,he !n told h] :y %e _h be5 twice flogg$1 & told h] he int5d$ to :ip h] till %e %\ld yield4 ,! girl1 see+ t h] case 0 hopeless1 h] back sm>t+ ) ! sc\rg+ %e _h receiv$1 & dread+ a repetition1 gave h]self up to be ! victim ( 8 brutal lu/s4 ,"o ( ! slaves on ano!r plantation1 gave bir? to a *ild :i* liv$ b two or ?ree weeks4 ,aft] its dea? ! plant] call$ ! woman to him1 & ask$ h] h[ %e came to let ! *ild die2 said x 0 all ow+ to h] c>elessness1 & t he meant to flog h] = x4 ,%e told1 him ) all ! feel+ ( a "m1 ! circum/ances ( its dea?4 ,b h] /ory avail$ h] no?+ aga9/ ! savage brutality ( h] ma/]4 ,%e 0 sev]ely :ipp$4 ,a heal?y *ild f\r mon?s old 0 !n consid]$ wor? #ajj 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,! =ego+ facts 7 relat$ to me by :ite p]sons ( "* & respectability4 ,! foll[+ fact 0 relat$ to me on a plantation :]e ,i h sp5t consid]able "t & :]e ! puni%m5t 0 inflict$4 ,i h no d\bt ( its tru?4 ,a slave ran away f 8 ma/]1 & got z f> z ,newb]n4 ,he took provisions t la/$ him a week2 b hav+ eat5 all1 he w5t to a h\se to get some?+ to satisfy 8 hung]4 ,a :ite man suspect+ him to be a runaway1 dem&$ 8 pass2 z he _h none he 0 seiz$ & put 9 ,newb]n jail4 ,he 0 !re adv]tis$1 8 description giv51 c4 ,8 ma/] saw ! adv]tisem5t & s5t = him2 :5 he 0 br\ght back1 8 wri/s 7 ti$ toge!r & drawn ov] 8 knees4 ,a /ick 0 !n pass$ ov] 8 arms & "u 8 knees1 & he secur$ 9 ?is mann]1 8 tr[s]s 7 !n /ripp$ d[n1 & he turn$ ov] on 8 side1 & sev]ely beat5 ) ! paddle1 !n turn$ ov] & sev]ely beat5 on ! o!r side1 & !n turn$ back aga91 & tortur$ by ano!r bruis+ & beat+4 ,he 0 aft]w>ds kept 9 ! /ocks a week1 & :ipp$ e morn+4 ,to %[ ! disgu/+ pollutions ( slav]y1 & h[ x cov]s ) moral fil? e ?+ x t\*es1 ,i w /ate two or ?ree facts1 :i* ,i h on su* evid5ce ,i _c d\bt _! tru?4 ,a plant] (f]$ a :ite man ( my acqua9tance tw5ty doll>s = e "o ( 8 female slaves1 :om he w\ld get 9 ! family way4 ,?is (f] 0 no d\bt made = ! purpose ( improv+ ! /ock1 on ! same pr9ciple t f>m]s endeav\r to improve _! cattle by cross+ ! bre$4 ,slaves belong+ to m]*ants & o!rs 9 ! city1 (t5 hire _! own "t1 = :i* !y pay v>i\s prices p] week or mon?1 accord+ to ! capacity ( ! slave4 ,! females :o ?us hire _! "t1 pursue v>i\s modes to procure ! money2 _! ma/]s mak+ no inquiry h[ !y get x1 provid$ ! money comes4 ,if x is n regul>ly paid !y are flogg$4 ,"s take 9 wa%+1 "s cook on bo>d vessels1 pick oakum1 sell peanuts1 c41 :ile o!rs1 y\ng] & m comely1 (t5 resort to ! vile/ pursuits4 ,i knew a man f ! nor? :o1 ?\gh m>ri$ to a respectable s\!rn woman1 kept two ( ^! mulatto girls 9 an upp] room at 8 /ore2 8 wife told "s ( h] fri5ds t he _h n lodg$ at home = two weeks toge!r1 ,i h se5 ^! two kept misses1 z !y are !re call$1 at 8 /ore2 he 0 aft]w>ds /abb$ 9 an attempt to arre/ a runaway slave1 & di$ 9 ab\t t5 days4 ,! cl]gy at ! nor? cr+e b5ea? ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( slav]y1 & _! moral c\rage is borne d[n by x4 ,n ! hypocritical & unpr9cipl$ alone1 b ev5 su* z c h>dly be suppos$ to be de/itute ( s9c]ity4 ,go+ "o morn+ to ! ,bapti/ ,sunday ,s*ool1 9 ,wilm+ton1 9 :i* ,i 0 engag$1 ,i fell 9 ) ! ,rev4 ,?omas ,p4 ,hunt1 :o 0 go+ to ! ,presbyt]ian s*ool4 ,i ask$ him h[ he c\ld be> to see ! little negro *ildr5 beat+ _! hoops1 halloo+1 & runn+ ab\t ! /reets1 z we !n saw !m1 _! moral condition entirely neglect$1 :ile ! :ites 7 s c>efully ga!r$ into ! s*ools4 ,8 reply 0 sub/antially ?is3--,i c't be> x1 ,mr4 ,caulk9s4 ,i feel z deeply z any "o c on ?is subject1 b :at c ,i d8 ,,my ,,h&s ,,are ,,ti$4 ,n[1 if ,mr4 ,hunt 0 guilty ( neglect+ 8 duty1 z a s]vant ( ,,him :o nev] fail$ to rebuke s9 9 high places1 :at %all be said ( ^? cl]gym5 at ! nor?1 :]e ! p[] t clos$ 8 m\? is comp>atively unfelt1 :o refuse to tell _! p h[ ,god abhors oppression1 & :o seldom op5 _! m\? on ?is subject1 b to d5\nce ! fri5ds ( emancipation1 ?us giv+ ! /ronge/ support to ! accurs$ sy/em ( slav]y4 ,i believe ,mr4 ,hunt has s9ce become an ag5t ( ! ,temp]ance ,society4 ,9 /at+ ! =ego+ facts1 my object has be5 to %[ ! practical work+s ( ! sy/em ( slav]y1 & if possible to correct ! misappreh5sion on ?is subject1 s common at ! nor?4 ,9 do+ ?is ,i am n at w> ) slave-hold]s4 ,no1 my s\l is mov$ = !m z well z = ! poor slaves4 ,may ,god s5d !m rep5tance to ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! tru?6 ,pr9ciple1 on a subject ( ?is nature1 is de>] to me ?an ! applause ( m51 & %\ld n be sacrific$ on any subject1 ev5 ?\gh ! ties ( fri5d%ip may be brok54 ,we h too long be5 sil5t on ?is subject1 ! slave has be5 too mu* consid]$1 by our nor!rn /ates1 z be+ kept by necessity 9 8 pres5t condition4--,7 we to ask1 9 ! language ( ,pilate1 :at evil h !y done--we may se>* _! hi/ory1 we _c f9d t !y h tak5 up arms aga9/ our gov]nm5t1 nor insult$ u z a nation--t !y are ?us compell$ to drag out a life 9 *a9s6 subject$ to ! mo/ t]rible inflictions if 9 any way !y manife/ a wi% to be releas$4--,let u rev]se ! "q4 ,:at evil has be5 done to !m by ^? :o call !mselves ma/]s8 ,fir/ let u look at _! p]sons1 nei!r clo!d nor nak$--,i h se5 in/ances :]e ?is phrase w\ld n apply to boys & girls1 & t too 9 w9t]4 ,i knew "o "y man sev5te5 ye>s ( age1 by ! "n ( ,dave1 on ,mr4 ,j4 ,swan's plantation1 work$ day aft] day 9 ! rice ma*9e z nak$ z :5 he 0 born4 ,! reason ( 8 be+ s1 8 ma/] said 9 my he>+1 01 t he c\ld n keep clo!s on him--he w\ld get into ! fire & burn !m (f4 ,foll[ !m next to _! huts2 "s ) & "s )\t floors3--,g at night1 view _! means ( lodg+1 see !m ly+ on b5*es1 "s on ! floor or gr\nd1 "s sitt+ on /ools1 doz+ away ! night3--o!rs1 ( y\ng] age1 ) a b>e blanket wrapp$ ab\t !m2 & "o or two ly+ 9 ! a%es4 ,^! ?+s ,i h (t5 se5 ) my own eyes4 ,exam9e _! means ( subsi/5ce1 :i* consi/s g5]ally ( sev5 qu>ts ( meal or eight qu>ts ( small rice = "o week2 !n foll[ !m to _! "w1 ) driv] & ov]se] pu%+ !m to ! utmo/ ( _! /r5g?1 by ?reat5+ & :ipp+4 ,if !y are sick f fatigue & exposure1 g to _! huts1 z ,i h (t5 be51 & see !m groan+ "u a burn+ fev] or pleurisy1 ly+ on "s /raw1 _! feet to ! fire ) b>ely a blanket to cov] !m2 or on "s bo>ds nail$ toge!r 9 =m ( a b$/ead4 ,& aft] see+ all ?is1 & he>+ !m tell ( _! suff]+s1 ne$ ,i ask1 is !re any evil connect$ ) _! condition8 & if s2 ^u :om is x to be *>g$8 ,i answ] = myself1 & ! read] c d ! same4 ,our gov]nm5t /&s fir/ *>geable = all[+ slav]y to exi/1 "u its own jurisdiction4 ,second1 ! /ates = enact+ laws to secure _! victim4 ,?ird1 ! slavehold] = c>ry+ out su* enactm5ts1 9 horrid =m en\gh to *ill ! blood4 ,f\r?1 e p]son :o kn[s :at slav]y is1 & does n raise 8 voice aga9/ ?is cry+ s91 b by sil5ce gives cons5t to its cont9uance1 is *>geable ) guilt 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,! blood ( ,za*>ias :o 0 sla9 betwe5 ! temple & alt>1 says ,*ri/1 ,,w ,i ,,require ,,( ,,?is ,,g5]ation4 ,look at ! slave1 8 condition b little1 if at all1 bett] ?an t ( ! brute2 *a9$ d[n by ! law1 & ! w ( 8 ma/]2 & e av5ue clos$ aga9/ relief2 & ! names ( ^? :o plead = him1 ca/ out z evil2--mu/ n humanity let its voice be he>d1 & tell ,israel _! transgressions & ,judah _! s9s8 ,may ,god look ^u _! afflictions1 & deliv] !m f _! cruel task-ma/]s6 ,i v]ily believe he w1 if !re be any efficacy 9 pray]4 ,i h be5 to _! pray] meet+s & ) !m (f]$ pray] 9 _! behalf4 ,i h he>d "s ( !m 9 _! huts be=e day-light pray+ 9 _! simple brok5 language1 tell+ _! heav5ly ,fa!r ( _! trials 9 ! foll[+ & simil> language4 ,fad] 9 heav51 look ^u de poor slave1 dat h to "w all de day long1 dat cant h de "t to pray only 9 de night1 & d5 massa mus n "k x4#b ,fad]1 h m]cy on massa & missus4 ,fad]1 :5 %all poor slave get ?r\gh de _w6 :5 w dea? come1 & de poor slave g to heav52 & 9 _! meet+s !y frequ5tly add1 ,fad]1 bless de :ite man dat come to he> de slave pray1 bless 8 family1 & s on4 ,!y uni=mly beg9 _! meet+s by s++ ! foll[+-- ,& are we yet alive ,to see ea* o!r's face1 c4 ,footnote #b3 ,at ?is "t !re 0 "s fe> ( insurrection & ! slaves 7 =bidd5 to hold meet+s4 ,is ! e> ( ! ,mo/ ,high deaf to ! pray] ( ! slave8 ,i d firmly believe t _! deliv]ance w come1 & t ! pray] ( ?is poor afflict$ p w be answ]$4 ,emancipation w\ld be safe4 ,i h _h elev5 w9t]s to le>n ! disposition ( ! slaves1 & am satisfi$ t !y w\ld peaceably & *e]fully "w = pay4 ,give !m education1 equal & j laws1 & !y w become a mo/ int]e/+ p4 ,oh1 let a cry be rais$ :i* %all awak5 ! consci5ce ( ?is guilty nation1 to dem& = ! slaves imm$iate & unconditional emancipation4 ,,nehemiah ,,caulk9s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,n>rative ,,& ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,horace ,,m\lton4 ,mr4 ,m\lton is an e/eem$ m9i/] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 9 ,m>lbor\gh1 ,mass4 ,he sp5t five ye>s 9 ,georgia1 betwe5 #ahag & #ahbd4 ,! foll[+ communication has be5 rec5tly receiv$ f him4 ,,m>lbor\gh1 ,,mass41 ,feb4 #ah1 #ahci4 ,,de> ,,bro!r-- ,y\rs ( ,feb4 #b;d1 reque/+ me to write out a few facts on ! subject ( slav]y1 z x exi/s at ! s\?1 has come to h&4 ,i ha/5 to comply ) y\r reque/4 ,7 x n1 h[ev]1 = ! claims ( ^? :o are drawn unto dea?1 & ! responsibility re/+ ^u me1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is reque/1 ,i %\ld =ev] hold my peace4 ,= ,i well "k t ,i %all br+ ^u myself a flood ( p]secution1 = attempt+ to speak out = ! dumb4 ,b ,i am will+ to be set at n\ght by m51 if ,i c be ! means ( promot+ ! welf>e ( ! oppress$ ( our l&4 ,i %all n relate _m p>ticul> cases ( cruelty1 ?\gh ,i might a great numb]2 b %all give "s g5]al in=mation z to _! mode ( treatm5t1 _! food1 clo?+1 dwell+s1 deprivations1 c4 ,let me say1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ,i sp5t ne>ly five ye>s 9 ,savannah1 ,georgia1 & 9 its vic9ity1 betwe5 ! ye>s #ahag & #ahbd4 ,my object 9 go+ to ! s\?1 0 to engage 9 mak+ & burn+ brick2 b n imm$iately succe$+1 ,i engag$ 9 no bus9ess ( mu* pr(it until late 9 ! w9t]1 :5 ,i took *>ge ( a set ( h&s & w5t to "w4 ,dur+ my leisure1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 an obs]v]1 at ! auctions1 ^u ! plantations1 & 9 almo/ e dep>tm5t ( bus9ess4 ,! next ye>1 dur+ ! cold mon?s1 ,i _h sev]al two-horse teams "u my c>e1 ) :i* we us$ to haul brick1 bo>ds1 & o!r articles f ! :>f into ! city1 & cotton1 rice1 corn1 & wood f ! c\ntry4 ,?is gave me an ext5sive acqua9tance ) m]*ants1 me*anics & plant]s4 ,i _h slaves "u my control "s portions ( e ye> :5 at ! s\?4 ,all ! brick-y>ds1 except "o1 on :i* ,i 0 engag$1 7 connect$ ei!r ) a corn field1 potatoe pat*1 rice field1 cotton field1 tan-works1 or ) a wood lot4 ,my bus9ess1 usually1 0 to take *>ge ( ! brick-mak+ dep>tm5t4 ,at ^? jobs ,i h sometimes tak5 9 *>ge bo? ! field & brick-y>d h&s4 ,i h be5 on ! plantations 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 b h nev] be5 an ov]se] ( slaves 9 t /ate1 z has be5 said 9 ! public pap]s4 ,i ?9k ! above facts & explanations are necess>y to be connect$ ) ! acc\nt ,i may give ( slav]y1 t ! read] may h "s k ( my acqua9tance ) practical slav]y3 = _m me*anics & m]*ants :o g to ! ,s\?1 & /ay !re = ye>s1 "k b little ( ! d>k side ( slav]y4 ,my acc\nt ( slav]y w apply to field h&s1 :o compose mu* ! l>ge/ portion ( ! black population1 7probably n9e-t5?s17 & n to ^? :o are kept = kit*5 maids1 nurses1 wait]s1 c41 ab\t ! h\ses ( ! plant]s & public hotels1 :]e p]sons f ! nor? obta9 mo/ ( _! k ( ! evils ( slav]y4 ,i w n[ proce$ to take up specific po9ts4 ,,! ,,labor ,,( ,,! ,,slaves ,males & females "w toge!r promiscu\sly on all ! plantations4 ,on _m plantations tasks are giv5 !m4 ,! be/ work+ h&s c h "s leisure "t2 b ! feeble & unskilful ones1 toge!r ) sl5d] females1 h inde$ a h>d "t ( x1 & v (t5 answ] = non-p]=mance ( tasks at ! :ipp+-po/s4 ,none :o work$ ) me _h tasks at any "t4 ,! rule 0 to "w !m f sun to sun4 ,b :5 ,i 0 burn+ brick1 !y 7 oblig$ to take turns1 & sit up all night ab\t e o!r night1 & "w all day4 ,on "o plantation1 :]e ,i sp5t a few weeks1 ! slaves 7 call$ up to "w long be=e daylight1 :5 bus9ess press$1 & work$ until late at night2 & sometimes "s ( !m all night4 ,a l>ge portion ( ! slaves are own$ by ma/]s :o keep !m on purpose to hire out--& !y usually let !m to ^? :o w give ! highe/ wages = !m1 irrespective ( _! mode ( treatm5t2 & ^? :o hire !m1 w ( c\rse try to get ! greate/ possible am\nt ( "w p]=m$1 ) ! lea/ possible exp5se4 ,wom5 are se5 br++ _! infants into ! field to _! "w1 & lead+ o!rs :o are n old en\gh to /ay at ! cab9s ) safety4 ,:5 !y get !re1 !y mu/ set !m d[n 9 ! dirt & g to "w4 ,sometimes !y are left to cry until !y fall asleep4 ,o!rs are left at home1 %ut up 9 _! huts4 ,n[1 is x n b>b>\s1 t ! "m1 ) h] *ild ( *ildr5 ar\nd h]1 half />v$1 mu/ be :ipp$ at night if %e does n p]=m h] task8 ,b s x is4 ,"s :o h v "y ones1 fix a little sack1 & place ! infants on _! backs1 & "w4 ,"o reason1 ,i presume is1 t !y w n cry s mu* :5 !y c he> _! "m's voice4 ,ano!r is1 ! mo!rs fe> t ! poison\s vip]s & snakes w bite !m4 ,truly1 ,i nev] knew any place :]e ! l& is s infe/$ ) all k9ds ( ! mo/ v5om\s snakes1 z 9 ! l[ l&s r\nd ab\t ,savannah4 ,! moccas9 snakes1 s call$1 & wat] rattle-snakes--! bites ( bo? ( :i* are z poison\s z our upl& rattlesnakes at ! nor?1--are f\nd 9 myriads ab\t ! /agnant wat]s & swamps ( ! ,s\?4 ,! females1 9 ord] to secure _! infants f ^! poison\s snakes1 d1 z ,i h said1 (t5 "w ) _! infants on _! backs4 ,females are sometimes call$ to take ! h>de/ "p ( ! "w4 ,on "s brick y>ds :]e ,i h be51 ! wom5 h be5 select$ z ! m\ld]s ( brick1 in/ead ( ! m54 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,food ,,( ,,! ,,slaves4 ,x 0 a g5]al cu/om1 :]ev] ,i h be51 = ! ma/]s to give ea* ( 8 slaves1 male & female1 "o peck ( corn p] week = _! food4 ,?is at fifty c5ts p] bu%el1 :i* 0 all t x 0 wor? :5 ,i 0 !re1 w\ld am\nt to twelve & a half c5ts p] week = bo>d p] head4 ,x co/ me ^u an av]age1 :5 at ! s\?1 "o doll> p] day = bo>d4 ,! price ( f\rte5 bu%els ( corn p] week4 ,?is w\ld make my bo>d equal 9 am\nt to ! bo>d ( =ty-six slaves6 ,?is is all t good or bad ma/]s all[ _! slaves r\nd ab\t ,savannah on ! plantations4 ,"o peck ( g\rd-se$ corn is to be measur$ out to ea* slave once e week4 ,"o man ) :om ,i labor$1 h[ev]1 be+ desir\s to get all ! "w out ( 8 h&s he c\ld1 be=e ,i left1 7ab\t fifty 9 numb]17 b\ght = !m e week1 or twice a week1 a beef's head f m>ket4 ,) ?is1 !y made a s\p 9 a l>ge iron kettle1 ar\nd :i* ! h&s came at meal-"t1 & dipp+ out ! s\p1 w\ld mix x ) _! hommony1 & eat x z ?\gh x 7 a fea/4 ,?is man p]mitt$ 8 slaves to eat twice a day :ile ,i 0 do+ a job = him4 ,he promis$ me a beav] hat & z good a suit ( clo!s z c\ld be b\ght 9 ! city1 if ,i w\ld accompli% s mu* = him be=e ,i return$ to ! nor?2 giv+ me ! entire control ov] 8 slaves4 ,?us y may see ! temptations ov]se]s sometimes h1 to get all ! "w !y c out ( ! poor slaves4 ,! above is an exception to ! g5]al rule ( fe$+4 ,= 9 all o!r places :]e ,i work$ & visit$2 ! slaves _h no?+ f _! ma/]s b ! corn1 or its equival5t 9 potatoes or rice1 & to ?is1 !y 7 n p]mitt$ to come b once a day4 ,! cu/om 0 to bl[ ! horn e>ly 9 ! morn+1 z a signal = ! h&s to rise & g to "w1 :5 comm5c$2 !y cont9u$ "w until ab\t elev5 o'clock1 ,a4,m41 :51 at ! signal1 all h&s left (f & w5t into _! huts1 made _! fires1 made _! corn-meal into hommony or cake1 ate x1 & w5t to "w aga9 at ! signal ( ! horn1 & work$ until night1 or until _! tasks 7 done4 ,"s cook$ _! breakfa/ 9 ! field :ile at "w4 ,ea* slave mu/ gr9d 8 own corn 9 a h&-mill aft] he has done 8 "w at night4 ,!re is g5]ally "o h&-mill on e plantation = ! use ( ! slaves4 ,"s ( ! plant]s h no corn1 o!rs (t5 get out4 ,! sub/itute = x is1 ! equival5t ( "o peek ( corn ei!r 9 rice or sweet potatoes2 nei!r ( :i* is z good = ! slaves z corn4 ,!y compla9 m ( be+ fa9t1 :5 f$ on rice or potatoes1 ?an :5 f$ on corn4 ,i 0 ) "o man a few weeks :o gave me 8 h&s to d a job ( "w1 & to save "t "o cook$ = all ! re/4 ,! foll[+ c\rse 0 tak51--,two crot*$ /icks 7 driv5 d[n at "o end ( ! y>d1 & a small pole be+ laid on ! crot*es1 !y swung a l>ge iron kettle on ! middle ( ! pole2 !n made up a fire "u ! kettle & boil$ ! hommony2 :5 ready1 ! h&s 7 call$ ar\nd ?is kettle ) _! wood5 plates & spoons4 ,!y dipp$ out & ate /&+ ar\nd ! kettle1 or sitt+ ^u ! gr\nd1 z be/ suit$ _! conv5i5ce4 ,:5 !y _h potatoes !y took !m out ) _! h&s1 & ate !m4 ,z soon z x 0 ?\ght !y _h _h suffici5t "t to swall[ _! food !y 7 call$ to _! "w aga94 ,?is 0 ! only meal !y ate ?r\gh ! day4 n[ ?9k ( ! little1 almo/ nak$ & half />v$ *ildr51 nibbl+ ^u a piece ( cold ,indian cake1 or a potato6 ,?9k ( ! poor female1 j ready to be conf9$1 )\t any ?+ t c be call$ conv5i5t or com=table6 ,?9k ( ! old toil-worn fa!r & "m1 )\t any?+ to eat b ! co>se/ ( food1 & n half en\gh ( t6 !n ?9k ( home4 ,:5 sick1 _! physicians are _! ma/]s & ov]se]s1 9 mo/ cases1 ^: skill consi/s 9 ble$+ & 9 adm9i/]+ l>ge potions ( ,epsom salts1 :5 ! :ip & curs+ w n />t !m f _! cab9s4 ,,iii4 ,,h\ses4 ,! huts ( ! slaves are mo/ly ( ! poore/ k9d4 ,!y are n z good z ^? tempor>y %anties :i* are ?r[n up beside railroads4 ,!y are erect$ ) po/s & crot*es1 ) b little or no frame-"w ab\t !m4 ,!y h no /oves or *imneys2 "s ( !m h some?+ l a fireplace at "o end1 & a bo>d or two (f at t side1 or on ! ro(1 to let (f ! smoke4 ,o!rs h no?+ l a fireplace 9 !m2 9 ^! ! fire is sometimes made 9 ! middle ( ! hut4 ,^! build+s h b "o ap>tm5t 9 !m2 ! places :]e !y pass 9 & out1 s]ve bo? = doors & w9d[s2 ! sides & ro(s are cov]$ ) co>se1 & 9 _m in/ances ) refuse bo>ds4 ,9 w>m wea!r1 especially 9 ! spr+1 ! slaves keep up a smoke1 or fire & smoke1 all night1 to drive away ! gnats & musketoes1 :i* are v tr\blesome 9 all ! l[ c\ntry ( ! s\?2 s mu* s t ! :ites sleep "u frames ) nets ov] !m1 knit s f9e t ! musketoes _c fly ?r\gh !m4 ,"s ( ! slaves h rugs to cov] !m 9 ! colde/ wea!r1 b ,i %\ld ?9k m h n4 ,dur+ driv+ /orms !y frequ5tly h to run f "o hut to ano!r = %elt]4 ,9 ! colde/ wea!r1 :]e !y c get wood or /umps1 !y keep up fires all night 9 _! huts1 & lay ar\nd !m1 ) _! feet t[>ds ! blaze4 ,m51 wom5 & *ildr5 all lie d[n toge!r1 9 mo/ in/ances4 ,!re may be exceptions to ! above /atem5ts 9 reg>d to _! h\ses1 b s f> z my obs]vations h ext5d$1 ,i h giv5 a fair description1 & ,i h be5 on a l>ge numb] ( plantations 9 ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a up & d[n ! ,savannah riv]4 ,_! huts are g5]ally built compactly on ! plantations1 =m+ villages ( huts1 _! size proportion$ to ! numb] ( slaves on !m4 ,9 ^! mis]able huts ! poor blacks are h]d$ at night l sw9e1 )\t any conv5i5ces ( bead/eads1 tables or *airs4 ,o ,mis]y to ! full6 to see ! ag$ sire beat+ (f ! sw>ms ( gnats & musketoes 9 ! w>m wea!r1 & %iv]+ 9 ! /raw1 or b5d+ ov] a few coals 9 ! w9t]1 clo!d 9 rags4 ,i %\ld ?9k males & females1 bo? lie d[n at night ) _! work+ clo!s on !m4 ,god alone kn[s h[ mu* ! poor slaves suff] = ! want ( conv5i5t h\ses to secure !m f ! pi]c+ w9ds & h[l+ /orms ( w9t]1 almo/ z mu* 9 ,georgia z ,i d 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,,iv4 ,,clo?+4 ,! ma/]s 9 ,georgia make a practice ( gett+ two suits ( clo!s = ea* slave p] ye>1 a ?ick suit = w9t]1 & a ?9 "o = summ]4 ,!y provide also "o pair ( nor!rn made sale %oes = ea* slave 9 w9t]4 ,^! %oes usually beg9 to rip 9 a few weeks4 ,! negroes' mode ( m5d+ !m is1 to wire !m toge!r1 9 _m in/ances4 ,d our nor!rn %oemak]s "k t !y are augm5t+ ! suff]+s ( ! poor slaves ) _! almo/ good = no?+ sale %oes8 ,inasmu* z x is done unto "o ( ^? poor suff]]s x is done unto our ,savi\r4 ,! above practice ( clo?+ ! slave is cu/om>y to "s ext5t4 ,h[ _m1 h[ev]1 fail ( ?is1 ,god only kn[s4 ,! *ildr5 & old slaves are1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 exceptions to ! above rule4 ,! males & females h _! suits f ! same clo? = _! w9t] dresses4 ,^! w9t] g>m5ts appe> to be made ( a mixture ( cotton & wool1 v co>se & sleazy4 ,! :ole suit = ! m5 consi/s ( a pair ( pantaloons & a %ort sailor-jacket1 )\t %irt1 ve/1 hat1 /ock+s1 or any k9d ( loose g>m5ts6 ,^!1 if worn /eadily :5 at "w1 w\ld n probably la/ m ?an "o or two mon?s2 !re=e1 = ! sake ( sav+ !m1 _m ( !m "w1 especially 9 ! summ]1 ) no clo?+ on !m except a clo? ti$ r\nd _! wai/1 & almo/ all ) no?+ m on !m ?an pantaloons1 & ^! frequ5tly s torn t !y d n s]ve ! purposes ( common dec5cy4 ,! wom5 h = clo?+ a %ort petticoat1 & a %ort loose g[n1 some?+ l ! male's sailor-jacket1 )\t any "u g>m5t1 /ock+s1 bonnets1 hoods1 caps1 or any k9d ( ov]-clo!s4 ,:5 at "w 9 ! w>m wea!r1 !y usually /rip (f ! loose g[n1 & h no?+ on b a %ort petticoat ) "s k9d ( cov]+ ov] _! brea/s4 ,_m *ildr5 may be se5 9 ! summ] mon?s z nak$ z !y came into ! _w4 ,i ?9k1 z a :ole1 !y suff] m = ! want ( com=table b$ clo!s1 ?an !y d = we>+ app>el4 ,x is true1 t "s by begg+ or buy+ h m clo!s ?an above describ$1 b ! ma/]s provide !m ) no m4 ,!y are mis]able objects ( pity4 ,x may be said ( _m ( !m1 ,i 0 nak$ & ye clo!d me n4 ,x is en\gh to melt ! h>de/ he>t to see ! ragg$ mo!rs nurs+ _! almo/ nak$ *ildr51 ) b a morsel ( ! co>se/ food to eat4 ,! ,s\!rn horses & dogs h en\gh to eat & good c>e tak5 ( !m1 b ,s\!rn negroes1 :o c describe _! mis]y8 ,v4 ,,puni%m5ts4 ,! ord9>y mode ( puni%+ ! slaves is bo? cruel & b>b>\s4 ,! ma/]s seldom1 if ev]1 try to gov]n _! slaves by moral influ5ce1 b by :ipp+1 kick+1 beat+1 />v+1 br&+1 cat-haul+1 load+ ) irons1 imprison+1 or by "s o!r cruel mode ( tortur+4 ,!y (t5 boa/ ( hav+ inv5t$ "s new mode ( torture1 by :i* !y h tam$ ! rascals1 ,:at is call$ a mod]ate flogg+ at ! s\? is horribly cruel4 ,%\ld we :ip our horses = any (f5ce z !y :ip _! slaves = small (f5ces1 we %\ld expose ourselves to ! p5alty ( ! law4 ,! ma/]s :ip = ! smalle/ (f5ces1 su* z n p]=m+ _! tasks1 be+ caught by ! gu>d or patrol by night1 or = tak+ any ?+ f ! ma/]'s y>d )\t leave4 ,= ^!1 & ! l crimes1 ! slaves are :ipp$ ?irty-n9e la%es1 & sometimes sev5ty or a hundr$1 on ! b>e back4 ,"o slave1 :o 0 "u my c>e1 0 :ipp$1 ,i ?9k "o hundr$ la%es1 = gett+ a small h&ful ( wood f 8 ma/]'s y>d )\t leave4 ,i he>d an ov]se] boa/+ to ?is same ma/] t he gave "o ( ! boys sev5ty la%es1 = n do+ a job ( "w j z he ?\ght x ought to be done4 ,! own] ( ! slave appe>$ to be pleas$ t ! ov]se] _h be5 s fai?ful4 ,! apology !y make = :ipp+ s cruelly is1 t x is to fright5 ! re/ ( ! gang4 ,! ma/]s say1 t :at we call an ord9>y flogg+ w n subdue ! slaves2 h5ce ! mo/ cruel & b>b>\s sc\rg+s ev] witness$ by man are daily & h\rly inflict$ ^u ! nak$ bodies ( ^! mis]able bondm52 n by ma/]s & negro-driv]s only1 b by ! con/ables 9 ! common m>kets & jailors 9 _! y>ds4 ,:5 ! slaves are :ipp$1 ei!r 9 public or private1 !y h _! h&s fa/5$ by ! wri/s1 ) a rope or cord prep>$ = ! purpose3 ?is be+ ?r[n ov] a beam1 a limb ( a tree1 or some?+ else1 ! culprit is drawn up & /ret*$ by ! arms z high z possible1 )\t rais+ 8 feet f ! gr\nd or floor3 & sometimes !y are made to /& on tip-toe2 !n ! feet are made fa/ to some?+ prep>$ = !m4 ,9 ?is di/ort$ po/ure ! mon/] flies at !m1 sometimes 9 great rage1 ) 8 implem5ts ( torture1 & cuts on ) all 8 might1 ov] ! %\ld]s1 "u ! arms1 & sometimes ov] ! head & e>s1 or on p>ts ( ! body :]e he c inflict ! greate/ torm5t4 ,occasionally ! :ipp]1 especially if 8 victim does n beg en\gh to suit him1 :ile "u ! la%1 w fly into a passion1 utt]+ ! mo/ horrid oa?s2 :ile ! victim ( 8 rage is cry+1 at e /roke1 ,"l h m]cy6 ,"l h m]cy6 ,! sc5es exhibit$ at ! :ipp+ po/ are awfully t]rific & frightful to "o ^: he>t has n turn$ to /one2 ,i nev] c\ld look on b a mom5t4 ,:ile "u ! la%1 ! ble$+ victim wri!s 9 agony1 convuls$ ) torture4 ,?irty-n9e la%es on ! b>e back1 :i* te> ! sk9 at almo/ e /roke1 is :at ! ,s\? calls a v mod]ate puni%m5t6 ,_m ma/]s :ip until !y are tir$--until ! back is a gore ( blood--!n re/ ^u x3 aft] a %ort cessation1 get up & g at x aga92 & aft] hav+ satiat$ _! rev5ge 9 ! blood ( _! victims1 !y sometimes leave !m ti$1 = h\rs toge!r1 ble$+ at e w\nd4--,sometimes1 aft] be+ :ipp$1 !y are ba!d ) a br9e ( salt & wat]4 ,n[ & !n a ma/]1 b m frequ5tly a mi/ress :o has no husb&1 w s5d !m to jail a few days1 giv+ ord]s to h !m :ipp$1 s _m la%es1 once or twice a day4 ,sometimes1 aft] be+ :ipp$1 "s h be5 %ut up 9 a d>k place & depriv$ ( food1 9 ord] to increase _! torm5ts3 & ,i h he>d ( "s :o h1 9 su* circum/ances1 di$ ( _! w\nds & />vation4 ,su* sc5es ( horror z above describ$ are s common 9 ,georgia t !y attract no att5tion4 ,to ?reat5 !m ) dea?1 ) break+ 9 _! tee? or jaws1 or crack+ _! heads1 is common talk1 :5 scold+ at ! slaves4--,^? :o run away f _! ma/]s & are caught aga9 g5]ally f>e ! wor/4 ,!y are g5]ally lodg$ 9 jail1 ) in/ructions f ! own] to h !m cruelly :ipp$4 ,"s ord] ! con/ables to :ip !m publicly 9 ! m>ket4 ,con/ables at ! s\? are g5]ally savage1 brutal m54 ,!y h become s accu/om$ to cat*+ & :ipp+ negroes1 t !y are z fi]ce z tig]s4 ,slaves :o are abs5t f _! y>ds1 or plantations1 aft] eight o'clock ,p4,m41 & are tak5 by ! gu>d 9 ! cities1 or by ! patrols 9 ! c\ntry1 are1 if n call$ = be=e n9e o'clock ,a4,m4 ! next day1 secur$ 9 prisons2 & h>dly ev] escape1 until _! backs are torn up by ! c[hide4 ,on plantations1 ! ev5+s usually pres5t sc5es ( horror4 ,^? slaves aga9/ :om *>ges are pref]r$ = n hav+ p]=m$ _! tasks1 & = v>i\s faults1 mu/1 aft] "w-h\rs at night1 und]go _! torm5ts4 ,i h (t5 he>d ! s\nd ( ! la%1 ! curses ( ! :ipp]1 & ! cries ( ! poor negro r5d+ ! air1 late 9 ! ev5+1 & long be=e day-light 9 ! morn+4 ,x is v common = ma/]s to say to ! ov]se]s or driv]s1 put x on to !m1 don't sp>e t fell[1 give t sc\ndrel "o hundr$ la%es1 c4 ,:ipp+ ! wom5 :5 9 delicate circum/ances1 z !y sometimes d1 )\t any reg>d to _! entreaties or ! entreaties ( _! ne>e/ fri5ds1 is truly b>b>\s4 ,if negroes c\ld te/ify1 !y w\ld tell y ( in/ances ( wom5 be+ :ipp$ until !y h misc>ri$ at ! :ipp+-po/4 ,i he>d ( su* ?+s at ! s\?--!y are und\bt$ly facts4 ,*ildr5 are :ipp$ unm]cifully = ! smalle/ (f5ces1 & t be=e _! mo!rs4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! blacks h _! %\ld]s1 backs1 & arms all sc>r$ up1 & n a few ( !m h _h _! heads laid op5 ) clubs1 /ones1 & brick-bats1 & ) ! butt-end ( :ips & canes--"s h _h _! jaws brok51 o!rs _! tee? knock$ 9 or out2 :ile o!rs h _h _! e>s cropp$ & ! sides ( _! *eeks ga%$ out4 ,"s ( ! poor creatures h lo/ ! sight ( "o ( _! eyes by ! c>eless bl[s ( ! :ipp]1 or by "s o!r viol5ce4 ,b puni%+ ( slaves z above describ$1 is n ! only mode ( torture4 ,"s tie !m up 9 a v uneasy po/ure1 :]e !y mu/ /& all night1 & !y w !n "w !m h>d all day--t is1 "w !m h>d all day & torm5t !m all night4 ,o!rs puni% by fa/5+ !m d[n on a log1 or some?+ else1 & /rike !m on ! b>e sk9 ) a bo>d paddle full ( holes4 ,?is breaks ! sk91 ,i %\ld presume1 at e hole :]e x comes 9 contact ) x4 ,o!rs1 :5 o!r modes ( puni%m5t w n subdue !m1 cat-haul !m--t is1 take a cat by ! nape ( ! neck & tail1 or by ! h9d legs1 & drag ! claws across ! back until satisfi$4 ,?is k9d ( puni%m5t poisons ! fle% mu* worse ?an ! :ip1 & is m dread$ by ! slave4 ,"s are br&$ by a hot iron1 o!rs h _! fle% cut out 9 l>ge ga%es1 to m>k !m4 ,"s :o are prone to run away1 h iron fett]s rivet$ ar\nd _! ancles1 sometimes !y are put only on "o foot1 & are dragg$ on ! gr\nd4 ,o!rs h on l>ge iron coll>s or yokes ^u _! necks1 or clogs rivet$ ^u _! wri/s or ancles4 ,"s h bells put ^u !m1 hung ^u a sort ( frame to an iron coll>4 ,"s ma/]s fly into a rage at trifles & knock d[n _! negroes ) _! fi/s1 or ) ! fir/ ?+ t !y c get hold (4 ,! :ipla%-knots1 or ra:ide1 h sometimes by a reckless /roke rea*$ r\nd to ! front ( ! body & cut ?r\gh to ! b[els4 ,"o slavehold] ) :om ,i liv$1 :ipp$ "o ( 8 slaves "o day1 z _m1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 z "o hundr$ la%es1 & !n turn$ ! butt-end & w5t to beat+ him ov] ! head & e>s1 & truly ,i 0 amaz$ t ! slave 0 n kill$ on ! spot4 ,n a few slavehold]s :ip _! slaves to dea?1 & !n say t !y di$ "u a mod]ate correction4 ,i wond] t t5 are n kill$ :]e "o is6 ,7 !y n mu* h>di] ?an ! :ites _m m ( !m mu/ die ?an d4 ,"o "y mulatto man1 ) :om ,i 0 well acqua9t$1 0 kill$ by 8 ma/] 9 8 y>d ) impunity4 ,i bo>d$ at ! same "t ne> ! place :]e ?is gl>+ murd] 0 committ$1 & knew ! ma/] well4 ,he _h a plantation1 on :i* he enact$1 almo/ daily1 cruel b>b>ities1 "s ( !m1 ,i 0 in=m$1 m t]rific1 if possible1 ?an dea? itself4 ,little notice 0 tak5 ( ?is murd]1 & x all pass$ (f )\t any action be+ tak5 aga9/ ! murd]]4 ,! ma/]s us$ to try to make me :ip _! negroes4 ,!y said ,i c\ld n get along ) !m )\t flogg+ !m--b ,i f\nd ,i c\ld get along bett] ) !m by coax+ & enc\rag+ !m ?an by beat+ & flogg+ !m4 ,i _h n a he>t to beat & kick ab\t ^? be+s2 al?\gh ,i _h n grace 9 my he>t ! ?ree fir/ ye>s ,i 0 !re1 yet ,i sympa?is$ ) ! slaves4 ,i nev] 0 guilty ( hav+ b "o :ipp$1 & he 0 :ipp$ b eight or n9e bl[s4 ,! circum/ances 7 z foll[s3 ,sev]al negroes 7 put "u my c>e1 "o spr+1 :o 7 fre% f ,congo & ,gu9ea4 ,i c\ld n und]/& !m1 nei!r c\ld !y me1 9 "o ^w ,i spoke4 ,i !re=e po9t$ to !m to g to "w2 all obey$ me will+ly b "o--he refus$4 ,i told ! driv] t he mu/ tie him up & :ip him4 ,aft] he _h ti$ him1 by ! help ( "s o!rs1 we /ruck him eight or n9e bl[s1 & he yield$4 ,i told ! driv] n to /rike him ano!r bl[4 ,we unti$ him1 & he w5t to "w1 & cont9u$ fai?ful all ! "t he 0 ) me4 ,?is "o 0 n a sample1 h[ev]--_m ( !m h su* exalt$ views ( fre$om t x is h>d "w = ! ma/]s to :ip !m into brutes1 t is to subdue _! noble spirits4 ,! negroes be+ put "u my c>e1 did n prev5t ! ma/]s f :ipp+ !m :5 !y pleas$4 ,b !y nev] :ipp$ mu* 9 my pres5ce4 ,?is "w 0 usually left until ,i _h dismiss$ ! h&s4 ,on ! plantations1 ! ma/]s *ose to h ! slaves :ipp$ 9 ! pres5ce ( all ! h&s1 to /rike !m ) t]ror4 ,,vi4 ,,runaways ,numb]s ( poor slaves run away f _! ma/]s2 "s ( :om d\btless p]i% 9 ! swamps & o!r secret places1 r ?an return back aga9 to _! ma/]s2 o!rs /ay away until !y almo/ fami% ) hung]1 & !n return home r ?an die1 :ile o!rs :o abscond are caught by ! negro-hunt]s1 9 v>i\s ways4 ,sometimes ! ma/] w hire "s ( 8 mo/ tru/y negroes to secure any /ray negroes1 :o come on to _! plantations1 = _m come at night to beg food ( _! fri5ds on ! plantations4 ,! slaves assi/ "o ano!r usually :5 !y c1 & n be f\nd out 9 x4 ,! ma/] c n[ & !n1 h[ev]1 get "s ( 8 h&s to betray ! runaways4 ,"s obta9 _! liv+ 9 hunt+ aft] lo/ slaves4 ,! mo/ common way is to tra9 up "y dogs to foll[ !m4 ,?is c easily be done by oblig+ a slave to g out into ! woods1 & climb a tree1 & !n put ! "y dog on 8 track1 & ) a little assi/ance he c be taught to foll[ him to ! tree1 & :5 f\nd1 ( c\rse ! dog w\ld b>k at su* game z a poor negro on a tree4 ,!re 0 a man liv+ 9 ,savannah :5 ,i 0 !re1 :o kept a l>ge numb] ( dogs = no o!r purpose ?an to hunt runaway negroes4 ,& he always _h en\gh ( ?is "w to d1 = hundr$s ( runaways are nev] f\nd1 b c\ld he get news soon aft] "o _h fl$1 he 0 almo/ sure to cat* him4 ,& ?is fe> ( ! dogs re/ra9s multitudes f runn+ (f4 ,:5 he w5t out on a hunt+ excursion1 to be gone sev]al days1 he took sev]al p]sons ) him1 arm$ g5]ally ) rifles & foll[$ by ! dogs4 ,! dogs 7 z true to ! track ( a negro1 if "o _h pass$ rec5tly1 z a h\nd is to ! track ( a fox :5 he has f\nd x4 ,:5 ! dogs draw ne> to _! game1 ! slave mu/ turn & fight !m or climb a tree4 ,if ! latt]1 ! dogs w /ay & b>k until ! pursu] come4 ,! blacks frequ5tly deceive ! dogs by cross+ & recross+ ! creeks4 ,%\ld ! hunt]s :o h no dogs1 />t a slave f 8 hid+ place1 & ! slave n /op at ! hunt]'s call1 he w %oot at him1 z soon z he w\ld at a de]4 ,"s ma/]s adv]tise s mu* = a runaway slave1 dead or alive4 ,x und\bt$ly gives su* m satisfaction to "k t _! prop]ty is dead1 ?an to "k t x is alive )\t be+ able to get x4 ,"s slaves run away :o nev] mean to be tak5 alive4 ,i w m5tion "o4 ,he run (f & 0 pursu$ by ! dogs1 b hav+ a weapon ) him he succe$$ 9 kill+ two or ?ree ( ! dogs2 b 0 aft]w>ds %ot4 ,he _h decl>$1 t he nev] w\ld be tak5 alive4 ,! p rejoic$ at ! dea? ( ! slave1 b lam5t$ ! dea? ( ! dogs1 !y 7 su* rav5\s hunt]s4 ,poor fell[1 he f\ght = life & lib]ty l a h]o2 b ! bullets br\ght him d[n4 ,a negro c h>dly walk unmole/$ at ! s\?4--,e color$ /rang] t walks ! /reets is suspect$ ( be+ a runaway slave1 h5ce he mu/ be int]rogat$ by e negro hat] :om he meets1 & %\ld he n h a pass1 he mu/ be arre/$ & hurri$ (f to jail4 ,"s ma/]s boa/ t _! slaves w\ld n be free if !y c\ld4 ,h[ little !y "k ( _! slaves6 ,!y are all sigh+ & groan+ = fre$om4 ,may ,god ha/5 ! "t6 ,,vii4 ,,conf9em5t ,,at ,,night4 ,:5 ! slaves h done _! day's "w1 !y mu/ be h]d$ toge!r l %eep 9 _! y>ds1 or on _! plantations4 ,!y h n z mu* lib]ty z nor!rn m5 h1 :o are s5t to jail = debt1 = !y h lib]ty to walk a l>g] y>d ?an ! slaves h4 ,! slaves mu/ all be at _! homes precisely at eight o'clock1 ,p4,m4 ,at ?is h\r ! drums beat 9 ! cities1 z a signal = e slave to be 9 8 d54 ,9 ! c\ntry1 ! signal is giv5 by fir+ guns1 or "s o!r way by :i* !y may "k ! h\r :5 to be at home4 ,aft] ?is h\r1 ! gu>d 9 ! cities1 & patrols 9 ! c\ntry1 be+ well arm$1 are on duty until daylight 9 ! morn+4 ,if !y cat* any negroes dur+ ! night )\t a pass1 !y are imm$iately seiz$ & hurri$ away to ! gu>d-h\se1 or if 9 ! c\ntry to "s place ( conf9em5t1 :]e !y are kept until n9e o'clock1 ,a4,m41 ! next day1 if n call$ = by t "t1 !y are hurri$ (f to jail1 & !re rema9 until call$ = by _! ma/] & 8 jail & gu>d h\se fees paid4 ,! gu>ds & patrols receive "o doll> extra = e "o !y c cat*1 :o has n a pass f 8 ma/]1 or ov]se]1 b few ma/]s w give _! slaves passes to be out at night unless on "s special bus9ess3 not)/&+1 _m v5ture out1 wat*+ e /ep !y take = ! gu>d or patrol1 ! consequ5ce is1 "s are caught almo/ e night1 & "s nights _m are tak52 "s1 flee+ aft] be+ hail$ by ! wat*1 are %ot d[n 9 attempt+ _! escape1 o!rs are crippl$ = life4 ,i f9d ,i %all n be able to write out m at pres5t4 ,my m9i/]ial duties are press+1 & if ,i delay ?is till ! next mail1 ,i fe> x w n be 9 season4 ,y\r bro!r = ^? :o are 9 bonds1 ,,horace ,,m\lton 99 99 99 99 99 ,,n>rative ,,& ,,te/imony ,,( ,,s>ah ,m4 ,,grimk4 ,miss ,grimk is a daught] ( ! late ,judge ,grimk1 ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & si/] ( ! late ,hon4 ,?omas ,s4 ,grimk4 ,z ,i left my native /ate on acc\nt ( slav]y1 & des]t$ ! home ( my fa!rs to escape ! s\nd ( ! la% & ! %rieks ( tortur$ victims1 ,i w\ld gladly bury 9 oblivion ! recollection ( ^? sc5es ) :i* ,i h be5 famili>2 b ?is may n1 _c be2 !y come ov] my memory l gory spectres1 & implore me ) resi/less p[]1 9 ! "n ( a ,god ( m]cy1 9 ! "n ( a crucifi$ ,savior1 9 ! "n ( humanity2 = ! sake ( ! slavehold]1 z well z ! slave1 to be> witness to ! horrors ( ! s\!rn prison h\se4 ,i feel impell$ by a sacr$ s5se ( duty1 by my obligations to my c\ntry1 by sympa?y = ! ble$+ victims ( tyranny & lu/1 to give my te/imony respect+ ! sy/em ( ,am]ican slav]y1--to detail a few facts1 mo/ ( :i* came "u my p]sonal obs]vation4 ,& "h ,i may premise1 t ! actors 9 ^! trag$ies 7 all m5 & wom5 ( ! highe/ respectability1 & ( ! fir/ families 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 &1 ) "o exception1 citiz5s ( ,*>le/on2 & t _! cruelties did n 9 ! slighte/ degree affect _! /&+ 9 society4 ,a h&some mulatto woman1 ab\t #ah or #bj ye>s ( age1 ^: indep5d5t _s c\ld n brook ! degradation ( slav]y1 0 9 ! habit ( runn+ away3 = ?is (f5ce %e _h be5 repeat$ly s5t by h] ma/] & mi/ress to be :ipp$ by ! keep] ( ! ,*>le/on "w-h\se4 ,?is _h be5 done ) su* inhuman sev]ity1 z to lac]ate h] back 9 a mo/ %ock+ mann]2 a f+] c\ld n be laid betwe5 ! cuts4 ,b ! love ( lib]ty 0 too /rong to be annihilat$ by torture2 &1 z a la/ resort1 %e 0 :ipp$ at sev]al diff]5t times1 & kept a close prison]4 ,a heavy iron coll>1 ) ?ree long prongs project+ f x1 0 plac$ r\nd h] neck1 & a /rong & s\nd front too? 0 extract$1 to s]ve z a m>k to describe h]1 9 case ( escape4 ,h] suff]+s at ?is "t 7 agoniz+2 %e c\ld lie 9 no position b on h] back1 :i* 0 sore f sc\rg+s1 z ,i c te/ify1 f p]sonal inspection1 & h] only place ( re/ 0 ! floor1 on a blanket4 ,^! outrages 7 committ$ 9 a family :]e ! mi/ress daily read ! scriptures1 & assembl$ h] *ildr5 = family wor%ip4 ,%e 0 acc\nt$1 & 0 really1 s f> z almsgiv+ 0 conc]n$1 a *>itable woman1 & t5d] he>t$ to ! poor2 & yet ?is suff]+ slave1 :o 0 ! seam/ress ( ! family1 0 cont9ually 9 h] pres5ce1 sitt+ 9 h] *amb] to sew1 or engag$ 9 h] o!r h\sehold "w1 ) h] lac]at$ & ble$+ back1 h] mutilat$ m\?1 & heavy iron coll>1 )\t1 s f> z appe>$1 excit+ any feel+s ( compassion4 ,a highly intellig5t slave1 :o pant$ aft] fre$om ) ceaseless long+s1 made _m attempts to get possession ( himself4 ,= e (f5ce he 0 puni%$ ) extreme sev]ity4 ,at "o "t he 0 ti$ up by 8 h&s to a tree1 & :ipp$ until 8 back 0 "o gore ( blood4 ,to ?is t]rible infliction he 0 subject$ at int]vals = sev]al weeks1 & kept heavily iron$ :ile at 8 "w4 ,8 ma/] "o day accus$ him ( a fault1 9 ! usual t]ms dictat$ by passion & arbitr>y p[]2 ! man prote/$ 8 innoc5ce1 b 0 n cr$it$4 ,he aga9 repell$ ! *>ge ) hone/ indignation4 ,8 ma/]'s temp] rose almo/ to fr5zy2 & seiz+ a =k1 he made a deadly plunge at ! brea/ ( ! slave4 ,! man be+ f> 8 sup]ior 9 /r5g?1 caught ! arm1 & da%$ ! weapon on ! floor4 ,8 ma/] grasp$ at 8 ?roat1 b ! slave dis5gag$ himself1 & ru%$ f ! ap>tm5t1 hav+ made 8 escape1 he fl$ to ! woods2 & aft] w&]+ ab\t = _m mon?s1 liv+ on roots & b]ries1 & endur+ e h>d%ip1 he 0 arre/$ & committ$ to jail4 ,"h he lay = a consid]able "t1 all[$ sc>cely food en\gh to su/a9 life1 :ipp$ 9 ! mo/ %ock+ mann]1 & conf9$ 9 a cell s loa?some1 t :5 8 ma/] visit$ him1 he said ! /5* 0 en\gh to knock a man d[n4 ,! fil? _h nev] be5 remov$ f ! ap>tm5t s9ce ! poor creature _h be5 immur$ 9 x4 ,al?\gh a black man1 su* _h be5 ! effect ( />vation & suff]+1 t 8 ma/] decl>$ he h>dly recogniz$ him--8 complexion 0 s yell[1 & 8 hair1 naturally ?ick & black1 _h become r$ & scanty2 an infallible sign ( long cont9u$ liv+ on bad & insuffici5t food4 ,/ripes1 imprisonm5t1 & ! gnaw+s ( hung]1 _h brok5 8 l(ty _s = a season2 &1 to use 8 ma/]'s own exult+ expression1 he 0 z humble z a dog4 ,aft] a "t he made ano!r attempt to escape1 & 0 abs5t s long1 t a rew>d 0 (f]$ = him1 dead or alive4 ,he elud$ e attempt to take him1 & 8 ma/]1 despair+ ( ev] gett+ him aga91 (f]$ to p>don him if he w\ld return home4 ,x is always und]/ood t su* intellig5ce w rea* ! runaway2 & accord+ly1 at ! entreaties ( 8 wife & "m1 ! fugitive once m cons5t$ to return to 8 bitt] bondage4 ,i believe ?is 0 ! la/ ef=t to obta9 8 lib]ty4 ,8 he>t became t\*$ ) ! p[] ( ! gospel2 & ! _s :i* no inflictions c\ld subdue1 b[$ at ! cross ( ,jesus1 & ) ! language on 8 lips--! cup t my fa!r ha? giv5 me1 %all ,i n dr9k x8 submitt$ to ! yoke ( ! oppressor1 & wore 8 *a9s 9 unmurmur+ pati5ce till dea? releas$ him4 ,! ma/] :o p]petrat$ ^! wrongs ^u 8 slave1 0 "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial & honor$ citiz5s ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & to 8 equals 0 bl&1 & c\rte\s1 & b5evol5t ev5 to a prov]b4 ,a slave :o _h be5 sep>at$ f 8 wife1 because x be/ suit$ ! conv5i5ce ( 8 own]1 ran away4 ,he 0 tak5 up on ! plantation :]e 8 wife1 to :om he 0 t5d]ly atta*$1 !n liv$4 ,8 only object 9 runn+ away 0 to return to h]--no o!r fault 0 attribut$ to him4 ,= ?is (f5ce he 0 conf9$ 9 ! /ocks six weeks1 9 a mis]able hovel1 n wea!r-tight4 ,he receiv$ fifty la%es weekly dur+ t "t1 0 all[$ food b>ely suffici5t to su/a9 him1 & :5 releas$ f conf9em5t1 0 n p]mitt$ to return to 8 wife4 ,8 ma/]1 al?\gh himself a husb& & a fa!r1 0 unmov$ by ! t\*+ appeals ( ! slave1 :o entreat$ t he might only rema9 ) 8 wife1 promis+ to dis*>ge 8 duties fai?fully2 8 ma/] cont9u$ inexorable1 & he 0 torn f 8 wife & family4 ,! own] ( ?is slave 0 a pr(ess+ ,*ri/ian1 9 full memb]%ip ) ! *ur*1 & ?is circum/ance occurr$ :5 he 0 conf9$ to 8 *amb] dur+ 8 la/ illness4 ,a puni%m5t dread$ m by ! slaves ?an :ipp+1 unless x is unusually sev]e1 is "o :i* 0 inv5t$ by a female acqua9tance ( m9e 9 ,*>le/on--,i he>d h] say s ) mu* satisfaction4 ,x is /&+ on "o foot & hold+ ! o!r 9 ! h&4 ,aft]w>ds x 0 improv$ ^u1 & a /rap 0 contriv$ to fa/5 ar\nd ! ankle & pass ar\nd ! neck2 s t ! lea/ weight ( ! foot re/+ on ! /rap w\ld *oke ! p]son4 ,! pa9 occasion$ by ?is unnatural position 0 great2 & :5 cont9u$1 z x sometimes 01 = an h\r or m1 produc$ int5se agony4 ,i he>d ?is same woman say1 t %e _h ! e>s ( h] wait+ maid slit = "s petty !ft4 ,?is %e told me 9 ! pres5ce ( ! girl1 :o 0 /&+ 9 ! room4 ,%e (t5 _h ! helpless victims ( h] cruelty sev]ely :ipp$1 n scrupl+ h]self to wield ! in/rum5t ( torture1 & ) h] own h&s inflict sev]e *a/isem5t4 ,h] husb& 0 less inhuman ?an 8 wife1 b he 0 (t5 goad$ on by h] to acts ( great sev]ity4 ,9 8 la/ illness ,i 0 s5t =1 & wat*$ beside 8 dea? c\*4 ,! girl on :om he _h s (t5 inflict$ puni%m5t1 haunt$ 8 dy+ h\rs2 & :5 at l5g? ! k+ ( t]rors approa*$1 he %riek$ 9 utt] agony ( _s1 ,oh1 ! blackness ( d>kness1 ! black imps1 ,i c see !m all ar\nd me--take !m away6 & amid su* exclamations he expir$4 ,^! p]sons 7 ( "o ( ! fir/ families 9 ,*>le/on4 ,a fri5d ( m9e1 9 ^: v]acity ,i h entire confid5ce1 told me t ab\t two ye>s ago1 a woman 9 ,*>le/on ) :om ,i 0 well acqua9t$1 _h />v$ a female slave to dea?4 ,%e 0 conf9$ 9 a solit>y ap>tm5t1 kept con/antly ti$1 & condemn$ to ! sl[ & horrible dea? ( />vation4 ,?is woman 0 notori\sly cruel4 ,to ^? :o h read ! n>rative ( ,james ,williams ,i ne$ only say1 t ! "* ( "y ,l>rimore's wife is an exact description ( ?is female tyrant1 ^: c\nt5ance 0 ev] dress$ 9 smiles :5 9 ! pres5ce ( /rang]s1 b ^: he>t 0 z ! ne!r mill/one t[>d h] slaves4 ,z ,i 0 travel+ 9 ! l[] c\ntry 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 a numb] ( ye>s s9ce1 my att5tion 0 sudd5ly arre/$ by an exclamation ( horror f ! coa*man1 :o call$ out1 ,look !re1 ,miss ,s>ah1 don't y see8--,i look$ 9 ! direction he po9t$1 & saw a human head /uck up on a high pole4 ,on inquiry1 ,i f\nd t a runaway slave1 :o 0 outlaw$1 _h be5 %ot !re1 8 head sev]$ f 8 body1 & put ^u ! public highway1 z a t]ror to det] slaves f runn+ away4 ,on a plantation 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :]e ,i 0 visit+1 ,i happ5$ "o day1 9 my rambles1 to /ep into a negro cab92 my compassion 0 in/antly call$ =? by ! object :i* pres5t$ itself4 ,a slave1 ^: head 0 :ite ) age1 0 ly+ 9 "o corn] ( ! hovel2 he _h "u 8 head a few fil?y rags b ! bo>ds 7 8 only b$1 x 0 ! dep? ( w9t]1 & ! w9d :i/l$ ?r\gh e "p ( ! dilapidat$ build+--he op5$ 8 languid eyes :5 ,i spoke1 & 9 reply to my "q1 ,:at is ! matt]8 ,he said1 ,i am dy+ ( a canc] 9 my side4--,z he remov$ ! rags :i* cov]$ ! sore1 ,i f\nd t x ext5d$ half r\nd ! body1 & 0 %ock+ly neglect$4 ,i inquir$ if he _h any nurse4 ,no1 missey1 0 8 answ]1 b de p 7! slaves7 v k9d to me1 dey (t5 /eal "t to run & see me & fet* me "s t+ to eat2 if dey did n1 ,i might />ve4 ,! ma/] & mi/ress ( ?is man1 :o _h be5 worn out 9 _! s]vice1 7 rem>kable = _! intellig5ce1 & _! hospitality knew no b\nds t[>ds ^? :o 7 ( _! own grade 9 society3 ! ma/] _h = "s "t held ! highe/ milit>y (fice 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & n long previ\s to ! "t ( :i* ,i speak1 0 ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,/ate4 ,on a plantation 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,i witness$ a simil> case ( suff]+--an ag$ woman suff]+ "u an incurable disease 9 ! same mis]ably neglect$ situation4 ,! own] ( ?is slave 0 prov]bially k9d to h] negroes2 s mu* s1 t ! plant]s 9 ! neighborhood said %e spoil$ !m1 & set a bad example1 :i* might produce discont5t among ! surr\nd+ slaves2 yet ,i h se5 ?is woman tremble ) rage1 :5 h] slaves displeas$ h]1 & he>d h] use language to !m :i* c\ld only be expect$ f an inmate ( ,bridewell2 & h kn[n h] 9 a gu/ ( passion s5d a favorite slave to ! workh\se to be sev]ely :ipp$4 ,ano!r fact occurs to me4 ,a "y woman ab\t eighte51 /at$ "s circum/ances relative to h] "y ma/]1 :i* 7 ?\ght d]ogatory to 8 "*2 :e!r true or false1 ,i am unable to say2 %e 0 ?reat5$ ) puni%m5t1 b p]si/$ 9 affirm+ t %e _h only spok5 ! tru?4 ,f9d+ h] incorrigible1 x 0 conclud$ to s5d h] to ! ,*>le/on workh\se & h h] :ipt2 %e plead$ 9 va9 = a commutation ( h] s5t5ce1 n s mu* because %e dread$ ! actual suff]+1 z because h] delicate m9d %runk f ! %ock+ exposure ( h] p]son to ! eyes ( brutal & lic5ti\s m52 %e decl>$ to me t dea? w\ld be pref]able2 b h] entreaties 7 va91 & z !re 0 no means ( escap+ b by runn+ away1 %e resort$ to x z a desp]ate rem$y1 = h] timid nature nev] c\ld h brav$ ! p]ils necess>ily enc\nt]$ by fugitive slaves1 _h n h] m9d be5 ?r[n into a /ate ( despair4--,%e 0 appreh5d$ aft] a few weeks1 by two slave-cat*]s1 9 a des]t$ h\se1 & z x 0 late 9 ! ev5+ !y conclud$ to sp5d ! night !re4 ,:at inhuman treatm5t %e receiv$ f !m has nev] be5 reveal$4 ,!y ti$ h] ) cords to _! bodies1 & suppos+ !y _h secur$ _! victim1 soon fell into a deep sleep1 probably r5d]$ m pr(\nd by intoxication & fatigue2 b ! mis]able captive slumb]$ n2 by "s means %e dis5gag$ h]self f h] bonds1 & aga9 fl$ ?r\gh ! lone wild]ness4 ,aft] a few days %e 0 discov]$ 9 a wret*$ hut1 :i* seem$ to h be5 long un9habit$2 %e 0 spee*less2 a rag+ fev] consum$ h] vitals1 & :5 a physician saw h]1 he said %e 0 dy+ ( a disease br\ght on by ov] fatigue2 h] "m 0 p]mitt$ to visit h]1 b ere %e rea*$ h]1 ! damps ( dea? /ood ^u h] br[1 & %e _h only ! sad consolation ( look+ on ! dea?-/ruck =m & convulsive agonies ( h] *ild4 ,a belov$ fri5d 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ! wife ( a slavehold]1 ) :om ,i (t5 m+l$ my te>s1 :5 helpless & hopeless we deplor$ toge!r ! horrors ( slav]y1 relat$ to me "s ye>s s9ce ! foll[+ circum/ance4 ,on ! plantation adjo9+ h] husb&'s1 !re 0 a slave ( pre-em95t piety4 ,8 ma/] 0 n a pr(essor ( religion1 b ! sup]ior excell5ce ( ?is disciple ( ,*ri/ 0 n unm>k$ by him1 & ,i believe he 0 s s5sible ( ! good influ5ce ( 8 piety t he did n deprive him ( ! few religi\s privileges )9 8 rea*4 ,a plant] 0 "o day d9+ ) ! own] ( ?is slave1 & 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation obs]v$1 t all pr(ession ( religion among slaves 0 m]e hypocrisy4 ,! o!r ass]t$ a contr>y op9ion1 add+1 ,i h a slave :o ,i believe w\ld r die ?an d5y 8 ,savi\r4 ,?is 0 ridicul$1 & ! ma/] urg$ to prove ! ass]tion4 ,he accord+ly s5t = ?is man ( ,god1 & p]emptorily ord]$ him to d5y 8 belief 9 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! slave plead$ to be excus$1 con/antly affirm+ t he w\ld r die ?an d5y ! ,r$eem]1 ^: blood 0 %$ = him4 ,8 ma/]1 aft] va9ly try+ to induce ob$i5ce by ?reats1 _h him t]ribly :ipp$4 ,! =titude ( ! suff]] 0 n to be %ak52 he nobly reject$ ! (f] ( exemption f fur!r *a/isem5t at ! exp5se ( de/roy+ 8 s\l1 & ?is bless$ m>tyr di$ 9 consequ5ce ( ?is sev]e infliction4 ,oh1 h[ bright a gem w ?is victim ( irresponsible p[] be1 9 t cr[n :i* sp>kles on ! ,r$eem]'s br[2 & t _m su* w clu/] !re1 ,i h n ! %ad[ ( a d\bt4 ,,s>ah ,m4 ,,grimk4 ,=t ,lee1 ,b]g5 ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey1 #crd ,mon?1 #bf?1 #ahcj4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,late ,,rev4 ,,john ,,graham ( ,t[ns5d1 ,mass41 :o resid$ 9 ,s4 ,c>ol9a1 f #ahca1 to ! latt] "p ( #ahcc4 ,mr4 ,graham graduat$ at ,amh]/ ,college 9 #ahbi1 sp5t "s "t at ! ,!ological ,sem9>y1 9 ,new ,hav51 ,ct41 & w5t to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 = 8 heal? 9 #ahcj4 ,he resid$ pr9cipally on ! isl& ( ,/4 ,hel5a1 ,s4,c41 & mo/ ( ! "t 9 ! family ( ,james ,tripp1 ,esq41 a weal?y slave hold+ plant]4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce at ,/4 ,hel5a1 he 0 engag$ z an in/ruct]1 & 0 mo/ ( ! "t ! /at$ prea*] on ! isl&4 ,mr4 ,g4 0 ext5sively kn[n 9 ,massa*usetts2 & 8 fell[ /ud5ts & in/ruct]s1 at ,amh]/ ,college1 & at ,yale ,!ological ,sem9>y1 c be> te/imony to 8 integrity & moral wor?4 ,! foll[+ are extracts ( lett]s1 :i* he wrote :ile 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 to an intimate fri5d 9 ,concord1 ,massa*usetts1 :o has k9dly furni%$ !m = publication4 ,,extracts4 ,spr+field1 ,/4 ,hel5a ,isl41 ,s4,c41 ,oct4 #bb1 #ahcb4 ,la/ night1 ab\t "o o'clock1 ,i 0 awak5$ by ! report ( a musket4 ,i 0 out ( b$ almo/ in/antly4 ,on op5+ my w9d[1 ,i f\nd ! report proce$$ f my ho/'s *amb]4 ,he _h let (f 8 pi/ol1 :i* he usually keeps by him night & day1 at a slave1 :o _h come into ! y>d1 & z x appe>s1 _h be5 ) "o ( 8 h\se s]vants4 ,he did n hit him4 ,! ball1 tak5 f a p9e tree ! next morn+1 ,i w %[ y1 %\ld ,i be sp>$ by ,provid5ce ev] to return to y4 ,! h\se s]vant 0 call$ to ! ma/]'s *amb]1 :]e he receiv$ #ge la%es1 v sev]e too2 & ,i c\ld n only he> e la%1 b ea* groan :i* succe$$ v di/9ctly z ,i lay 9 my b$4 ,:at 0 !n done ) ! s]vant ,i "k n4 ,no?+ 0 said ( ?is to me 9 ! morn+ & ,i presume x w ev] be kept f me ) c>e1 if ,i may judge ( k9dr$ acts4 ,i %all make no comm5t4 ,9 ! same lett]1 ,mr4 ,graham says3-- ,y ask me ( my ho/ess--!n aft] giv+ an idea ( h] "* says3 ,to day1 %e has ,i v]ily believe laid1 9 a v sev]e mann] too1 m ?an #cjj /ripes1 ^u ! h\se s]vants1 7#ag 9 numb]47 ,d>l+ton1 ,c\rt ,moons4 ,s4,c4 ,m>*1 #bh?1 #ahch4 ,i walk$ up to ! ,c\rt ,h\se to day1 :]e ,i he>d "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ cases ,i ev] he>d4 ,i say int]e/+1 on acc\nt ( its novelty to me1 ?\gh x _h no novelty = ! p1 z su* cases are ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! case 0 ?is3 ,to "k :e!r two ladies1 pres5t 9 c\rt1 7 :ite or black4 ,! ladies 7 dress$ well1 seem$ mode/1 & 7 retir+ & neat 9 _! look1 hav+ blue eyes1 black hair1 & appe>$ to und]/& mu* ( ! etiquette ( s\!rn behavi\r4 ,a man1 m av>ici\s ?an humane1 z is ! case ) mo/ ( ! ri* plant]s1 laid a remote claim to ^? two mode/1 unassum+1 innoc5t & free "y ladies z 8 prop]ty1 ) ! design ( putt+ !m into ! field1 & ?us increas+ 8 ,,/ock6 ,z well z ! p ( ,concord are kn[n to be ( a peaceful disposition1 & = _! love ( good ord]1 ,i v]ily believe if a simil> trial %\ld be br\ght =w>d !re & conduct$ z ?is 01 ! good p w\ld drive ! lawy]s out ( ! h\se4 ,su* w\ld be _! indignation at _! language1 & at ! mean "u-h&$ mann] ( try+ to ru9 ^? "y ladies1 z to _! /&+ 9 society 9 ?is di/rict1 if !y c\ld n succe$ 9 doom+ !m = life to ! degrad$ condition ( slav]y1 & all its intol]able cruelties4 ,oh slav]y6 if /atues ( m>ble c\ld curse y1 !y w\ld speak4 ,if bricks c\ld speak1 !y w\ld all surely ?und] out _! ana!mas aga9/ y1 accurs$ ?+6 ,h[ _m :ite sons & daught]s h bl$ & groan$ "u ! la% 9 ?is sultry climate1 c4 ,"u date ( ,m>*1 #ahcb1 ,mr4 ,g4 writes1 ,i h be5 do+ :at ,i hope nev] to be call$ to d aga91 & :at ,i fe> ,i h badly done1 ?\gh p]=m$ to ! be/ ( my ability1 namely1 sew+ up a v bad w\nd made by a wild hog4 ,! slave 0 hunt+ wild hogs1 :5 "o1 be+ closely pursu$1 turn$ ^u 8 pursu]1 :o turn+ to run1 0 caught by ! animal1 ?r[n d[n1 & badly w\nd$ 9 ! ?igh4 ,! w\nd is ab\t five in*es long & v deep4 ,x 0 made by ! tusk ( ! animal4 ,! slaves br\ght him to "o ( ! huts on ,mr4 ,tripp's plantation & made e ex]tion to /op ! blood by fill+ ! w\nd ) a%es1 7_! rem$y = /opp+ blood7 b f9d+ ?is to fail !y came to me 7!re be+ no o!r :ite p]son on ! plantation1 z x is n[ holidays7 to "k if ,i c\ld /op ! blood4 ,i w5t & f\nd t ! poor creature mu/ ble$ to dea? unless x c\ld be /opp$ soon4 ,i call$ = a ne$le & succe$$ 9 sew+ x up z well z ,i c\ld1 & 9 /opp+ ! blood4 ,9 a %ort "t 8 ma/]1 :o _h be5 s5t = came2 & oh1 y w\ld h %udd]$ if y _h he>d ! awful oa?s t fell f 8 lips1 ?reat5+ 9 ! same brea? to pay him = t6 ,i left him z soon z dec5cy w\ld p]mit1 ) 8 he>ty ?anks t ,i _h sav$ him #ejj6 ,oh1 may heav5 protect ! poor1 suff]+1 fa9t+ slave1 & %[ 8 ma/] 8 wanton cruelty--oh slav]y6 slav]y6 ,"u date ( ,july1 #ahcb1 ,mr4 ,g4 writes1 ,i wi% y c\ld h be5 at ! breakfa/ table ) me ?is morn+ to h se5 & he>d :at ,i saw & he>d1 n t ,i wi% y\r e> & he>t & s\l pa9$ z m9e is1 ) e day's obs]vation '( wrong & outrage' ) :i* ?is place is fill$1 b t y might h auricul> & ocul> evid5ce ( ! cruelty ( slav]y1 ( cruelties t mortal language c nev] describe--t y might see ! t5d] m]cies ( a h>d5$ slavehold]1 "o :o be>s ! "n ( be+ "o ( ! milde/ & mo/ m]ciful ma/]s ( :i* ?is isl& c boa/4 ,oh1 my fri5d1 ano!r is scream+ "u ! la%1 9 ! %$-room1 b = :at ,i "k n4 ,! sc5e ?is morn+ 0 truly di/ress+ to me4 ,x 0 ?is3--,aft] ! bless+ 0 ask$ at ! breakfa/ table1 "o ( ! s]vants1 a woman gr[n1 9 giv+ "o ( ! *ildr5 "s molasses1 happ5$ to p\r out a little m ?an usual1 ?\gh n m ?an ! *ild usually eats4 ,h] ma/] 0 angry at ! petty & indiff]5t mi/ake1 or slip ( ! h&4 ,he rose f ! table1 took bo? ( h] h&s 9 "o ( 81 & ) ! o!r began to beat h]1 fir/ on "o side ( h] head & !n on ! o!r1 & repeat+ ?is1 till1 z he said on sitt+ d[n at table1 x hurt 8 h& too mu* to cont9ue x long]4 ,he !n took (f 8 %oe1 & ) ! heel began 9 ! same mann] z ) 8 h&1 till ! poor creature c\ld no long] endure x )\t scree*es & rais+ h] elb[ z x is natural to w>d (f ! bl[s4 ,he !n call$ a great ov]gr[n negro to hold h] h&s beh9d h] :ile he %\ld wreak 8 v5geance ^u ! poor s]vant4 ,9 ?is position he began aga9 to beat ! poor suff]+ wret*4 ,x n[ became intol]able to be>2 %e fell1 scream+ to me = help4 ,aft] %e fell1 he beat h] until ,i ?\ght %e w\ld h di$ 9 8 h&s4 ,%e got up1 h[ev]1 w5t out & wa%$ (f ! blood & came 9 be=e we rose f table1 "o ( ! mo/ pitiable objects ,i ev] saw till ,i came to ! ,s\?4 ,h] e>s 7 almo/ z ?ick z my h&1 h] eyes awfully blood-%ott51 h] lips1 nose1 *eeks1 *91 & :ole head swoll5 s t no "o w\ld h kn[n x 0 ,etta--& = all ?is1 %e _h to turn r\nd z %e 0 go+ out & ?ank h] ma/]6 ,n[1 all ?is 0 done :ile ,i 0 sitt+ at breakfa/ ) ! re/ ( ! family4 ,?9k y n ,i wi%$ myself sitt+ ) ! peaceful & happy circle ar\nd y\r table8 ,?9k ( my feel+s1 b pity ! poor negro slave1 :o n only fans 8 cruel ma/] :5 he eats & sleeps1 b be>s ! /ripes 8 caprice may inflict4 ,?9k ( ?is1 & let heav5 he> y\r pray]s4 ,9 a lett] dat$ ,/4 ,hel5a ,isl&1 ,s4,c41 ,dec4 #c1 #ahcb1 ,mr4 ,g4 writes1 ,if a slave "h compla9s to 8 ma/]1 t 8 task is too great1 8 ma/] at once calls him a sc\ndrel & tells him x is only because he has n en\gh to d1 & ord]s ! driv] to increase 8 task1 h[ev] unable he may be = ! p]=mance ( x4 ,i saw ,,tw5ty-,,sev5 :ipp$ at "o "t j because !y did n d m1 :5 ! poor creatures 7 s tir$ t !y c\ld sc>cely drag "o foot aft] ! o!r4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,mr4 ,,william ,,poe ,mr4 ,poe is a native ( ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 & 0 =m]ly a slavehold]4 ,he 0 = sev]al ye>s a m]*ant 9 ,ri*mond1 & subsequ5tly 9 ,lyn*burg1 ,virg9ia4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 he emancipat$ 8 slaves1 & remov$ to ,hamilton ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 ne> ,c9c9nati2 :]e he is a highly respect$ rul+ eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*4 ,he says1-- ,i am pa9$ exce$+ly1 & no?+ b my duty to ,god1 to ! oppressors1 & to ! poor d[n-trodd5 slaves1 :o g m\rn+ all _! days1 c\ld move me to say a ^w4 ,i w /ate to y a few cases ( ! abuse ( ! slaves1 b "t w\ld fail1 if ,i _h language to tell h[ _m & great are ! inflictions ( slav]y1 ev5 9 its milde/ =m4 ,b5jam9 ,james ,h>ris1 a weal?y tobacconi/ ( ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 :ipp$ a slave girl fifte5 ye>s old to dea?4 ,:ile he 0 :ipp+ h]1 8 wife heat$ a smoo?+ iron1 put x on h] body 9 v>i\s places1 & burn$ h] sev]ely4 ,! v]dict ( ! coron]'s inque/ 01 ,di$ ( excessive :ipp+4 ,he 0 tri$ 9 ,ri*mond1 & acquitt$4 ,i att5d$ ! trial4 ,"s ye>s aft]1 ?is same ,h>ris :ipp$ ano!r slave to dea?4 ,! man _h n done s mu* "w z 0 requir$ ( him4 ,aft] a numb] ( protract$ & viol5t sc\rg+s1 ) %ort int]vals betwe51 ! slave di$ "u ! la%4 ,h>ris 0 tri$1 & aga9 acquitt$1 because none b blacks saw x done4 ,! same man aft]w>ds :ipp$ ano!r slave sev]ely1 = n do+ "w to please him4 ,aft] repeat$ & sev]e flogg+s 9 quick succession1 = ! same cause1 ! slave1 9 despair ( pleas+ him1 cut (f 8 own h&4 ,h>ris soon aft] became a bankrupt1 w5t to ,new ,orleans to recruit 8 f9ances1 fail$1 remov$ to ,k5tucky1 became a maniac1 & di$4 ,a capta9 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,navy1 :o m>ri$ a daught] ( ! collector ( ! port ( ,ri*mond1 & resid$ !re1 became (f5d$ ) 8 negro boy1 took him into ! meat h\se1 put him ^u a /ool1 cross$ 8 h&s be=e him1 ti$ a rope to !m1 ?rew x ov] a joi/ 9 ! build+1 drew ! boy up s t he c\ld j /& on ! /ool ) 8 toes1 & kept him 9 t position1 flogg+ him sev]ely at int]vals1 until ! boy became s exhau/$ t he reel$ (f ! /ool1 & swung by 8 h&s until he di$4 ,! ma/] 0 tri$ & acquitt$4 ,9 ,goo*l& ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 an ov]se] ti$ a slave to a tree1 flogg$ him aga9 & aga9 ) great sev]ity1 !n pil$ bru% ar\nd him1 set x on fire1 & burn$ him to dea?4 ,! ov]se] 0 tri$ & imprison$4 ,! :ole transaction may be f\nd on ! records ( ! c\rt4 ,9 travel+1 "o day1 f ,pet]sburg to ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 ,i he>d cries ( di/ress at a di/ance1 on ! road4 ,i rode up1 & f\nd two :ite m51 beat+ a slave4 ,"o ( !m _h hold ( a rope1 :i* 0 pass$ "u ! bottom ( a f5ce2 ! o!r end 0 fa/5$ ar\nd ! neck ( ! slave1 :o 0 ?r[n flat on ! gr\nd1 on 8 face1 ) 8 back b>$4 ,! o!r 0 beat+ him furi\sly ) a l>ge hickory4 ,a slavehold] 9 ,h5rico ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 _h a slave :o us$ frequ5tly to "w = my fa!r4 ,"o morn+ he came into ! field ) 8 back completely cut up1 & mangl$ f 8 head to 8 heels4 ,! man 0 s /iff & sore he c\ld sc>cely walk4 ,?is same p]son got (f5d$ ) ano!r ( 8 slaves1 knock$ him d[n1 & /ruck out "o ( 8 eyes ) a maul4 ,! eyes ( sev]al ( 8 slaves 7 injur$ by simil> viol5ce4 ,9 ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 a company occupi$ z a dwell+ a l>ge w>eh\se4 ,!y got angry ) a negro lad1 "o ( _! slaves1 took him into ! cell>1 ti$ 8 h&s ) a rope1 bor$ a hole ?\gh ! floor1 & pass$ ! rope up ?r\gh x4 ,"s ( ! family drew up ! boy1 :ile o!rs :ipp$4 ,?is !y cont9u$ until ! boy di$4 ,! w>eh\se 0 own$ by a ,mr4 ,:itlock1 on ! scite ( "o =m]ly own$ by a ,mr4 ,philpot4 ,joseph ,*ilton1 a resid5t ( ,campbell ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 pur*as$ a qu>t ( tann]s' oil1 = ! purpose1 z he said1 ( putt+ x on "o ( 8 negro's heads1 t he _h sometime previ\s pit*$ or t>r$ ov]1 = runn+ away4 ,9 ! t[n ( ,lyn*burg1 ,virg9ia1 !re 0 a negro man put 9 prison1 *>g$ ) hav+ pillag$ "s packages ( goods1 :i* he1 z head man ( a boat1 receiv$ at ,ri*mond1 to be deliv]$ at ,lyn*burg4 ,! goods belong$ to ,a4,b4 ,ni*ols1 ( ,lib]ty1 ,b$=d ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,he came to ,lyn*burg1 & desir$ ! jailor to p]mit him to :ip ! negro1 to make him confess1 z !re 0 no pro( aga9/ him4 ,mr4 ,williams1 7,i ?9k t is 8 "n17 a pi\s ,me?odi/ man1 a great /ickl] = law & good ord]1 pr(ess$ly a great fri5d to ! black man1 deliv]$ ! negro into ! h&s ( ,ni*ols4 ,ni*ols told me t he took ! slave1 ti$ 8 wri/s toge!r1 !n drew 8 arms d[n s f> bel[ 8 knees z to p]mit a /aff to pass above ! arms "u ! knees1 !reby plac+ ! slave 9 a situation t he c\ld n move h& or foot4 ,he !n comm5c$ 8 bloody "w1 & cont9u$1 at int]vals1 until #ejj bl[s 7 inflict$4 ,i receiv$ ?is /atem5t f ,ni*ols himself1 :o 01 by ! way1 a son ( ! l& ( /eady habits1 :]e !re are _m l him1 if we may judge f _! writ+s1 say+s1 & do+s4 ,,privations ,,( ,,! ,,slaves4 ,i4 ,,food4 ,we beg9 ) ! food ( ! slaves1 because if !y are ill treat$ 9 ?is respect we may be sure t !y w be ill treat$ 9 o!r respects1 & g5]ally 9 a great] degree4 ,= a man habitually to /9t 8 dep5d5ts 9 _! food1 is ! extreme ( meanness & cruelty1 & ! greate/ evid5ce he c give ( utt] indiff]5ce to _! com=t4 ,! fa!r :o /9ts 8 *ildr5 or dome/ics1 or ! ma/] 8 appr5tices1 or ! employ] 8 labor]s1 or ! (fic] 8 soldi]s1 or ! capta9 8 crew1 :5 able to furni% !m ) suffici5t food1 is e :]e look$ ^u z unfeel+ & cruel4 ,all mank9d agree to call su* a "* inhuman4 ,if any ?+ c move a h>d he>t1 x is ! appeal ( hung]4 ,! ,arab robb] ^: :ole life is a pr[l = plund]1 w freely divide 8 camel's milk ) ! hungry /rang] :o halts at 8 t5t door1 ?\gh he may h j waylaid him & /ripp$ him ( 8 money4 ,ev5 savages take pity on hung]4 ,:o ev] w5t fami%+ f an ,indian's wigwam8 ,z mu* z hung] craves1 is ! ,indian's free gift ev5 to an enemy4 ,! necessity = food is su* a univ]sal want1 s con/ant1 manife/ & imp]ative1 t ! he>t is m t\*$ ) pity by ! plea ( hung]1 & m ready to supply t want ?an any o!r4 ,he :o c habitually inflict on o!rs ! pa9 ( hung] by giv+ !m insuffici5t food1 c habitually inflict on !m any o!r pa94 ,he c kick & cuff & flog & br& !m1 put !m 9 irons or ! /ocks1 c ov]work !m1 deprive !m ( sleep1 lac]ate _! backs1 make !m "w )\t clo?+1 & sleep )\t cov]+4 ,o!r cruelties may be p]petrat$ 9 hot blood & ! acts regrett$ z soon z done--! feel+ t prompts !m is n a p]man5t /ate ( m9d1 b a viol5t impulse /ung up by sudd5 provocation4 ,b he :o habitually )holds f 8 dep5d5ts suffici5t su/5ance1 c plead no su* palliation4 ,! fact itself %[s1 t 8 p]man5t /ate ( m9d t[>d !m is a brutal indiff]5ce to _! wants & suff]+s--,a /ate ( m9d :i* w naturally1 necess>ily1 %[ itself 9 innum]able privations & inflictions ^u !m1 :5 x c be done ) impunity4 ,if1 !re=e1 we f9d ^u exam9ation1 t ! slavehold]s d n furni% _! slaves ) suffici5t food1 & d ?us habitually inflict ^u !m ! pa9 ( hung]1 we h a clue furni%$ to _! treatm5t 9 o!r respects1 & may fairly inf] habitual & sev]e privations & inflictions2 n m]ely f ! fact t m5 are quick to feel = ^? :o suff] f hung]1 & p]haps m ready to relieve t want ?an any o!r2 b also1 because x is m = ! int]e/ ( ! slavehold] to supply t want ?an any o!r2 consequ5tly1 if ! slave suff] 9 ?is respect1 he mu/ z ! g5]al rule1 suff] m 9 o!r respects4 ,we n[ proce$ to %[ t ! slaves h insuffici5t food4 ,?is w be %[n fir/ f ! express decl>ations ( slavehold]s1 & o!r compet5t witnesses :o are1 or h be5 resid5ts ( slave /ates1 t ! slaves g5]ally are "u-f$4 ,& !n1 by ! laws ( slave /ates1 & by ! te/imony ( slavehold]s & o!rs1 ! k9d1 quantity1 & quality1 ( _! all[ance w be giv51 & ! read] left to judge = himself :e!r ! slave mu/ n be a suff]]4 ,,! ,,slaves ,,suff] ,,f ,,hung]--,,decl>ations ,,( ,,slave-,,hold]s ,,& ,,o!rs ,hon4 ,alex&] ,smy?1 a slave hold]1 & = t5 ye>s1 ,memb] ( ,congress f ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee* on ! ,miss\ri "q4 ,jan #bh?1 #ahbj4 ,by conf9+ ! slaves to ! ,s\!rn /ates1 :]e crops are rais$ = exportation1 & bread & meat are pur*as$1 y doom !m to sc>city & hung]4 ,x is propos$ to hem 9 ! blacks :]e !y are ,,ill ,,f$4 ,rev4 ,george ,:itefield1 9 8 lett]1 to ! slave hold]s ( ,md4 ,va4 ,n4,c4 ,s4,c4 & ,ga4 publi%$ 9 ,georgia1 j "o hundr$ ye>s ago1 #agci4 ,my blood has frequ5tly run cold )9 me1 to ?9k h[ _m ( y\r slaves h n suffici5t food to eat2 !y are sc>cely p]mitt$ to pick up ! crumbs1 t fall f _! ma/]'s table4 ,rev4 ,john ,rank91 ( ,ripley1 ,ohio1 a native ( ,t5nessee1 & = same ye>s a prea*] 9 slave /ates4 ,?\s&s ( ! slaves are press$ ) ! gnaw+s ( cruel hung] dur+ _! :ole lives4 ,report ( ! ,gradual ,emancipation ,society1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #ahbf4 ,sign$ ,moses ,swa91 ,presid5t1 & ,william ,swa91 ,secret>y4 ,speak+ ( ! condition ( slaves1 9 ! ea/]n "p ( t /ate1 ! report says1--,! ma/] puts ! un=tunate wret*es ^u %ort all[ances1 sc>cely suffici5t = _! su/5ance1 s t a great "p ( !m g half />v$ mu* ( ! "t4 ,mr4 ,asa ,a4 ,/one1 a ,!ological ,/ud5t1 :o resid$ ne> ,nat*ez1 ,miss41 9 #ahcd-e4 ,on almo/ e plantation1 ! h&s suff] m or less f hung] at "s seasons ( almo/ e ye>4 ,!re is always a good deal ( suff]+ f hung]4 ,on _m plantations1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,l\isiana1 ! slaves are 9 a condition ( almo/ utt] fami%m5t1 dur+ a great portion ( ! ye>4 ,?omas ,clay1 ,esq41 ( ,georgia1 a ,slavehold]4 ,f v>i\s causes ?is ! slave's all[ance ( food is (t5 n adequate to ! support ( a labor+ man4 ,mr4 ,tobias ,b\d9ot1 ,/ ,albans1 ,ohio1 a memb] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*4 ,mr4 ,b4 = "s ye>s navigat$ ! ,mississippi4 ,! slaves d[n ! ,mississippi1 are half-/>v$1 ! boats1 :5 !y /op at night1 are con/antly bo>d$ by slaves1 begg+ = some?+ to eat4 ,presid5t ,edw>ds1 ! y\ng]1 9 a s]mon be=e ! ,conn4 ,abolition ,society1 #agia4 ,! slaves are suppli$ ) b>ely en\gh to keep !m f />v+4 ,rev4 ,horace ,m\lton1 a ,me?odi/ ,cl]gyman ( ,m>lboro' ,mass41 :o liv$ five ye>s 9 ,georgia4 ,z a g5]al ?+ on ! plantations1 ! slaves suff] extremely = ! want ( food4 ,rev4 ,george ,b\rne1 late editor ( ! ,prote/ant ,v9dicator1 ,n4,y41 :o 0 sev5 ye>s pa/or ( a *ur* 9 ,virg9ia4 ,! slaves are depriv$ ( ne$ful su/5ance4 #b4 ,,k9ds ,,( ,,food4 ,hon4 ,rob]t ,turnbull1 a slavehold] ( ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! subsi/5ce ( ! slaves consi/s1 f ,m>* until ,augu/1 ( corn gr\nd into grits1 or meal1 made into :at is call$ hom9y1 or bak$ into corn bread4 ,! o!r six mon?s1 !y are f$ ^u ! sweet potatoe4 ,meat1 :5 giv51 is only by way ( indulg5ce or favor4 ,mr4 ,eleaz> ,p[ell1 ,*ippewa1 ,beav] ,co41 ,p5n41 :o resid$ 9 ,mississippi1 9 #ahcf-g4 ,! food ( ! slaves 0 g5]ally corn bread1 & sometimes meat or molasses4 ,reub5 ,g4 ,macy1 a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 ,hudson1 ,n4,y41 :o resid$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! slaves _h no food all[$ !m besides corn1 except+ at ,*ri/mas1 :5 !y _h beef4 ,mr4 ,william ,leftwi*1 a native ( ,virg9ia1 & rec5tly ( ,madison ,co41 ,alabama1 n[ memb]1 ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 ,delhi1 ,ohio4 ,on my uncle's plantation1 ! food ( ! slaves1 0 corn-pone & a small all[ance ( meat4 ,,william ,,ladd1 ,esq41 ( ,m9ot1 ,me41 presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,peace ,society1 & =m]ly a slavehold] ( ,florida1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony z to ! all[ance ( food to slaves4 ,! usual food ( ! slaves 0 corn1 ) a modicum ( salt4 ,9 "s cases ! ma/] all[$ no salt1 b ! slaves boil$ ! sea wat] = salt 9 _! little pots4 ,= ab\t eight days ne> ,*ri/mas1 i4e41 f ! ,saturday ev5+ be=e1 to ! ,sunday ev5+ aft] ,*ri/mas day1 !y 7 all[$ "s meat4 ,!y always ) "o s+le exception gr\nd _! corn 9 a h&-mill1 & cook$ _! food !mselves4 ,extract ( a lett] f ,rev4 ,d4,c4 ,,ea/man1 a prea*] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal *ur*1 9 ,fayette c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahch1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,l>rim]1 a deacon ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,bloom+bury1 ,fayette c\nty1 ,ohio1 ,mr4 ,g4,s4 ,full]ton1 m]*ant1 & memb] ( ! same *ur*1 & ,mr4 ,william ,a4 ,u/ick1 an eld] ( ! same *ur*1 sp5t a night ) a ,mr4 ,%eph]d1 ab\t #cj miles ,nor? ( ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c41 on ! ,monk's corn] road4 ,he own$ five families ( negroes1 :o1 he said1 7 f$ f ! same meal & meat tubs z himself1 b t #ij out ( a #ajj ( all ! slaves 9 t c\nty saw meat b once a ye>1 :i* 0 on ,*ri/mas holidays4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! inhuman exp]im5ts sometimes tri$ ^u slaves1 9 respect to ! k9d z well z ! quality & quantity ( _! food1 we solicit ! att5tion ( ! read] to ! te/imony ( ! late ,g5]al ,wade ,hampton1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,g5]al ,hampton 0 = "s "t comm&] 9 *ief ( ! army on ! ,canada fronti] dur+ ! la/ w>1 & at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 ab\t ?ree ye>s s9ce1 0 ! l>ge/ slavehold] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,g5]al's te/imony is conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ extract ( a lett]1 j receiv$ f a di/+ui%$ cl]gyman 9 ! we/1 ext5sively kn[n bo? z a prea*] & a writ]4 ,8 "n is ) ! executive committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,y ref] 9 y\r lett] to a /atem5t made to y :ile 9 ?is place1 respect+ ! late ,g5]al ,wade ,hampton1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & task me to write out = y ! circum/ances ( ! case--consid]+ !m well calculat$ to illu/rate two po9ts 9 ! hi/ory ( slav]y3 #a/1 ,t ! habit ( slavehold+ dreadfully blunts ! feel+s t[>d ! slave1 produc+ su* ins5sibility t 8 suff]+s & dea? are reg>d$ ) indiff]5ce4 #b;d1 ,t ! slave (t5 has insuffici5t food1 bo? 9 quantity & quality4 ,i receiv$ my in=mation f a lady 9 ! we/ ( high respectability & great moral wor?1--b ?9k x be/ to )hold h] "n1 al?\gh ! /atem5t 0 n made 9 confid5ce4 ,my in=mant /at$ t %e sat at d9n] once 9 company ) ,g5]al ,wade ,hampton1 & sev]al o!rs2 t ! conv]sation turn$ ^u ! treatm5t ( _! s]vants1 c42 :5 ! ,g5]al und]took to ent]ta9 ! company ) ! relation ( an exp]im5t he _h made 9 ! fe$+ ( 8 slaves on cotton se$4 ,he said t he fir/ m+l$ "o-f\r? cotton se$ ) ?ree-f\r?s corn1 on :i* !y seem$ to ?rive tol]ably well2 t he !n _h measur$ out to !m equal quantities ( ea*1 :i* did n seem to produce any important *ange2 aft]w>ds he increas$ ! quantity ( cotton se$ to ?ree-f\r?s1 m+l$ ) "o-f\r? corn1 & !n he decl>$1 ) an oa?1 t '!y di$ l rott5 %eep66' ,x is b ju/ice to ! lady to /ate t %e spoke ( 8 conduct ) ! utmo/ indignation2 & %e m5tion$ also t he receiv$ no c\nt5ance f ! company pres5t1 b t all seem$ to look at ea* o!r ) a/oni%m5t4 ,i give x to y j z ,i receiv$ x f "o :o 0 pres5t1 & ^: "* = v]acity is unque/ionable4 ,x is prop] to add t ,i _h previ\sly =m$ an acqua9tance ) ,dr4 ,)]spoon1 n[ ( ,alabama1 if alive2 ^: =m] resid5ce 0 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 f :om ,i receiv$ a p>ticul> acc\nt ( ! mann] ( fe$+ & treat+ slaves on ! plantations ( ,g5]al ,wade ,hampton1 & o!rs 9 ! same "p ( ! ,/ate2 & c]ta9ly no "o c\ld li/5 to ! recital )\t conclud+ t su* ma/]s & ov]se]s z he describ$ mu/ h he>ts l ! ne!r mill/one4 ,! cotton se$ exp]im5t ,i _h he>d ( be=e also1 z hav+ be5 made 9 o!r p>ts ( ! s\?2 consequ5tly1 ,i 0 prep>$ to receive z true ! above /atem5t1 ev5 if ,i _h n be5 s well acqua9t$ ) ! high "* ( my in=mant4 #b4 ,,quantity ,,( ,,food ,! legal all[ance ( food = slaves 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 is 9 ! words ( ! law1 a qu>t ( corn p] day4 ,see ,haywood's ,manual1 #ebe4 ,! legal all[ance 9 ,l\isiana is m1 a b>rel fl\r b>rel ( corn1 79 ! e>17 or its equival5t 9 o!r gra91 & a p9t ( salt a mon?4 ,9 ! o!r slave /ates ! am\nt ( food = ! slaves is left to ! option ( ! ma/]4 ,?os4 ,clay1 ,esq41 ( ,georgia1 a slave hold]1 9 8 address be=e ! ,georgia ,presbyt]y1 #ahcc4 ,! quantity all[$ by cu/om is a peck ( corn a week6 ,! ,m>yl& ,j\rnal1 & ,baltimore ,adv]tis]1 ,may #cj1 #aghh4 ,a s+le peck ( corn a week1 or ! l measure ( rice1 is ! ord9>y quantity ( provision = a h>d-work+ slave2 to :i* a small quantity ( meat is occasionally1 ?\gh r>ely1 add$4 ,w4,c4 ,gild]sleeve1 ,esq41 a native ( ,georgia1 & ,eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 ,wilksb>re1 ,p5n4 ,! weekly all[ance to gr[n slaves on ?is plantation1 :]e ,i 0 be/ acqua9t$1 0 "o peck ( corn4 ,wm4 ,ladd1 ( ,m9ot1 ,ma9e1 =m]ly a slavehold] 9 ,florida4 ,! usual all[ance ( food 0 "o qu>t ( corn a day1 to a full task h&1 ) a modicum ( salt2 k9d ma/]s all[$ a peck ( corn a week2 "s ma/]s all[$ no salt4 ,mr4 ,j>vis ,brew/]1 9 8 ,exposition ( ! treatm5t ( slaves 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 publi%$ 9 ,n4 ,j]sey1 #ahae4 ,! all[ance ( provisions = ! slaves1 is "o peck ( corn1 9 ! gra91 p] week4 ,rev4 ,horace ,m\lton1 a ,me?odi/ ,cl]gyman ( ,m>lboro1 ,mass41 :o liv$ five ye>s 9 ,georgia4 ,9 ,georgia ! plant]s give ea* slave only "o peck ( _! g\rd se$ corn p] week1 ) a small quantity ( salt4 ,mr4 ,f4,c4 ,macy1 ,nantucket1 ,mass41 :o resid$ 9 ,georgia 9 #ahbj4 ,! food ( ! slaves 0 ?ree pecks ( potatos a week dur+ ! potato season1 & "o peck ( corn1 dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! ye>4 ,mr4 ,nehemiah ,caulk9s1 a memb] ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* 9 ,wat]=d1 ,conn41 :o resid$ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 elev5 w9t]s4 ,! subsi/5ce ( ! slaves1 consi/s ( sev5 qu>ts ( meal or eight qu>ts ( small rice = "o week6 ,william ,sav]y1 late ( ,philadelphia1 an em95t ,m9i/] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 :o travell$ ext5sively 9 ! slave /ates1 on a ,religi\s ,visitation1 speak+ ( ! subsi/5ce ( ! slaves1 says1 9 8 publi%$ ,j\rnal1 ,a peck ( corn is _! 7! slaves17 mis]able subsi/5ce = a week4 ,! late ,john ,p>ri%1 ( ,philadelphia1 ano!r highly respect$ ,m9i/] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 :o trav]s$ ! ,s\?1 on a simil> mission1 9 #ahjd & #e1 says 9 8 ,rem>ks on ! slav]y ( ,blacks2 ,!y all[ !m b "o peck ( meal1 = a :ole week1 9 "s ( ! ,s\!rn /ates4 ,ri*>d ,macy1 ,hudson1 ,n4,y4 a ,memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 :o has resid$ 9 ,georgia4 ,_! usual all[ance ( food 0 "o peck ( corn p] week1 :i* 0 dealt out to !m e fir/ day ( ! week4 ,!y _h no?+ all[$ !m besides ! corn1 except "o qu>t] ( beef at ,*ri/mas4 ,rev4 ,c4,s4 ,r5%aw1 ( ,qu9cy1 ,ill41 7! te/imony ( a ,virg9ian74 ,! slaves are g5]ally all[anc$3 a p9t ( corn meal & a salt h]r+ is ! all[ance1 or 9 lieu ( ! h]r+ a dab ( fat meat ( ab\t ! same value4 ,i h kn[n ! s\r milk1 & claub] to be s]v$ out to ! h&s1 :5 !re 0 an abundance ( milk on ! plantation4 ,?is is a luxury n (t5 af=d$4 ,te/imony ( ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,we/gate1 memb] ( ! ,congregational ,*ur*1 ( ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois4 ,mr4 ,w4 has be5 engag$ 9 ! l[ c\ntry trade = twelve ye>s1 m ?an half ( ea* ye>1 pr9cipally on ! ,mississippi1 & its tribut>y /reams 9 ! s\?-we/]n slave /ates4 ,fe$+ is n suffici5t1--let facts speak4 ,on ! coa/1 i4e4 ,nat*ez & ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 ! all[ance 0 "o b>rel ( e>s ( corn1 & a p9t ( salt p] mon?4 ,!y may cook ?is 9 :at mann] !y please1 b x mu/ be done aft] d>k2 !y h no day light to prep>e x by4 ,"s few plant]s1 b only a few1 let !m prep>e _! corn on ,saturday aft]noon4 ,plant]s1 ov]se]s1 & negroes1 h told me1 t 9 p9*+ times1 i4e4 :5 corn is high1 !y did n get ne> t quantity4 ,9 ,miss41 ,i "k "s plant]s :o all[$ _! h&s ?ree & a half p\nds ( meat p] week1 :5 x 0 *eap4 ,_m prep>e _! corn on ! ,sabba?1 :5 !y are n work$ on t day1 :i* h[ev] is frequ5tly ! case on sug> plantations4 ,!re are v _m ma/]s on ! coa/ :o w n suff] _! slaves to come to ! boats1 because !y /eal molasses to b>t] = meat2 inde$ !y g5]ally trade m or less ) /ol5 prop]ty4 ,b x is impossible to f9d out :at & :51 z _! articles ( b>t] are ( su* trifl+ importance4 ,!y w\ld (t5 come on bo>d our boats to beg a bone1 & w\ld tell h[ badly !y 7 f$1 t !y 7 almo/ />v$2 _m a "t ,i h set up all night1 to prev5t !m f /eal+ some?+ to eat4 #c4 ,,quality ,,( ,,food4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ ! k9d & quantity ( food all[$ to ! slaves1 x is important to "k some?+ ( its quality1 t we may judge ( ! am\nt ( su/5ance :i* x conta9s4 ,=1 if _! provisions are ( an inf]ior quality1 or 9 a damag$ /ate1 _! p[] to su/a9 labor mu/ be greatly dim9i%$4 ,?omas ,clay1 ,esq4 ( ,georgia1 f an address to ! ,georgia ,presbyt]y1 #ahcd1 speak+ ( ! quality ( ! corn giv5 to ! slaves1 says1 ,!re is (t5 a defect "h4 ,rev4 ,horace ,m\lton1 a ,me?odi/ cl]gyman at ,m>lboro1 ,mass4 & five ye>s a resid5t ( ,georgia4 ,! food1 or 'fe$' ( slaves is g5]ally ( ! poore/ k9d4 ,! ,we/]n ,m$ical ,re=m]1 9 an article on ! diseases peculi> to negroes1 by a ,k5tucky physician1 says ( ! diet ( ! slaves2 ,!y live on a co>se1 crude1 un:olesome diet4 ,pr(essor ,a4,g4 ,smi?1 ( ! ,new ,york ,m$ical ,college2 =m]ly a physician 9 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,i h myself kn[n num]\s in/ances ( l>ge families ( badly f$ negroes swept (f by a prevail+ epidemic2 & x is well kn[n to _m intellig5t plant]s 9 ! s\?1 t ! be/ me?od ( prev5t+ t horrible malady1 ,*a*exia ,africana1 is to fe$ ! negroes ) nutriti\s food4 #d4 ,,numb] ,,& ,,"t ,,( ,,meals ,,ea* ,,day4 ,9 det]m9+ :e!r or n ! slaves suff] = want ( food1 ! numb] ( h\rs int]v5+1 & ! labor p]=m$ betwe5 _! meals1 & ! numb] ( meals ea* day1 %\ld be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,philemon ,bliss1 ,esq41 a lawy] 9 ,elyria1 ,ohio1 & memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 :o liv$ 9 ,florida1 9 #ahcd1 & #ahce4 ,! slaves g to ! field 9 ! morn+2 !y c>ry ) !m corn meal wet ) wat]1 & at noon build a fire on ! gr\nd & bake x 9 ! a%es4 ,aft] ! labors ( ! day are ov]1 !y take _! second meal ( a%-cake4 ,presid5t ,edw>ds1 ! y\ng]4 ,! slaves eat twice dur+ ! day4 ,mr4 ,eleaz> ,p[ell1 ,*ippewa1 ,beav] c\nty1 ,p5n41 :o resid$ 9 ,mississippi 9 #ahcf & #ahcg4 ,! slaves receiv$ two meals dur+ ! day4 ,^? :o h _! food cook$ = !m get _! breakfa/ ab\t elev5 o'clock1 & _! o!r meal aft] night4 ,mr4 ,nehemiah ,caulk9s1 ,wat]=d1 ,conn41 :o sp5t elev5 w9t]s 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,! breakfa/ ( ! slaves 0 g5]ally ab\t t5 or elev5 o'clock4 ,rev4 ,ph9eas ,smi?1 ,c5treville1 ,n4,y41 :o has liv$ at ! s\? "s ye>s4 ,! slaves h usually two meals a day1 viz3 at elev5 o'clock & at night4 ,rev4 ,c4,s4 ,r5%aw1 ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois--! te/imony ( a ,virg9ian4 ,! slaves h two meals a day4 ,!y breakfa/ at f t5 to elev51 ,a4,m41 & eat _! supp] at f six to n9e or t5 at night1 z ! season & crops may be4 ,! prec$+ te/imony e/abli%es ! foll[+ po9ts4 #a/4 ,t ! slaves are all[$1 9 g5]al1 no meat4 ,?is appe>s f ! fact1 t 9 ! only slave /ates :i* regulate ! slaves' rations by law1 7,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,l\isiana17 ! legal ration conta9s no meat4 ,besides1 ! late ,hon4 ,r4,j4 ,turnbull1 "o ( ! l>ge/ plant]s 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 says expressly1 meat1 :5 giv51 is only by ! way ( indulg5ce or favor4 ,x is %[n also by ! direct te/imony record$ above1 ( slavehold]s & o!rs1 9 all p>ts ( ! slavehold+ s\? & we/1 t ! g5]al all[ance on plantations is corn or meal & salt m]ely4 ,to ?is !re are d\btless _m exceptions1 b !y are only exceptions2 ! numb] ( slavehold]s :o furni% meat = _! field-h&s1 is small1 9 comp>ison ) ! numb] ( ^? :o d n4 ,! h\se slaves1 t is1 ! cooks1 *amb]maids1 wait]s1 c41 g5]ally get "s meat e day2 ! rema9d] bits & bones ( _! ma/]s' tables4 ,b t ! great body ( ! slaves1 ^? t compose ! field gangs1 ^: labor & exposure1 & consequ5t exhau/ion1 are va/ly great] ?an ^? ( h\se slaves1 toil+ z !y d f day light till d>k1 9 ! fogs ( ! e>ly morn+1 "u ! scor*+s ( mid-day1 & amid ! damps ( ev5+1 are 9 g5]al provid$ ) no meat1 is abundantly e/abli%$ by ! prec$+ te/imony4 ,n[ we d n say t meat is necess>y to su/a9 m5 "u h>d & long cont9u$ labor1 nor t x is n4 ,?is is n a treatise on dietetics2 b x is a notori\s fact1 t ! m$ical faculty 9 ?is c\ntry1 ) v few exceptions1 d mo/ /r5u\sly insi/ t x is necess>y2 & t work+ m5 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry d believe t meat is indisp5sable to su/a9 !m1 ev5 ^? :o "w )9 doors1 & only t5 h\rs a day1 e "o kn[s4 ,fur!r1 x is notori\s1 t ! slavehold]s !mselves believe ! daily use ( meat to be absolutely necess>y to ! com=t1 n m]ely ( ^? :o labor1 b ( ^? :o are idle1 z is prov$ by ! fact ( meat be+ a "p ( ! daily ration ( food provid$ = convicts 9 ! prisons1 9 e "o ( ! slave /ates1 except 9 ^? r>e cases :]e meat is expressly prohibit$1 & ! convict is1 by way ( extra puni%m5t conf9$ to bread & wat]2 he is occasionally1 & = a little "t only1 conf9$ to bread & wat]2 t is1 to ! ord9>y diet ( slaves1 ) ?is diff]5ce 9 favor ( ! convict1 8 bread is made = him1 :]eas ! slave is =c$ to p\nd or gr9d 8 own corn & make 8 own bread1 :5 exhau/$ ) toil4 ,! prec$+ te/imony %[s also1 t vegetables =m g5]ally no "p ( ! slaves' all[ance4 ,! sole food ( ! majority is corn3 at e meal--f day to day--f week to week--f mon? to mon?1 corn4 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 & ,florida1 ! sweet potato is1 to a consid]able ext5t1 sub/itut$ = corn dur+ a "p ( ! ye>4 #b;d4 ,! prec$+ te/imony proves conclusively1 t ! quantity ( food g5]ally all[$ to a full-gr[n field-h&1 is a peck ( corn a week1 or a fraction ov] a qu>t & a gill ( corn a day4 ,! legal ration ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a is less--9 ,l\isiana x is m4 ,( ! slavehold]s & o!r witnesses1 :o give ! =e-go+ te/imony1 ! read] w p]ceive t no "o te/ifies to a l>g] all[ance ( corn ?an a peck = a week2 ?\gh a numb] te/ify1 t )9 ! circle ( _! k1 sev5 qu>ts 0 ! usual all[ance4 ,frequ5tly a small quantity ( meat is add$2 b ?is1 z has already be5 %[n1 is n ! g5]al rule = field-h&s4 ,we may add1 also1 t 9 ! season ( pumpk9s1 cimbl9s1 cabbages1 gre5s1 c41 ! slaves on small plantations are1 to "s ext5t1 furni%$ ) ^? articles4 ,n[1 )\t ent]+ ^u ! vex$ "q ( h[ mu* food is necess>y to su/a9 ! human sy/em1 "u sev]e toil & exposure1 & )\t giv+ ! op9ions ( physiologi/s z to ! insuffici5cy or suffici5cy ( ! slaves' all[ance1 we affirm t all civiliz$ nations h1 9 all ages1 & 9 ! mo/ emphatic mann]1 decl>$1 t eight qu>ts ( corn a week1 7! usual all[ance ( our slaves17 is utt]ly insuffici5t to su/a9 ! human body1 "u su* toil & exposure z t to :i* ! slaves are subject$4 ,to %[ ?is fully1 x w be necess>y to make "s e/imates1 & pres5t "s /ati/ics4 ,& fir/1 ! nor!rn read] mu/ be> 9 m9d1 t ! corn furni%$ to ! slaves at ! s\?1 is almo/ inv>iably ! :ite g\rd se$ corn1 & t a qu>t ( ?is k9d ( corn weighs five or six ounces less ?an a qu>t ( fl9t corn1 ! k9d g5]ally rais$ 9 ! nor!rn & ea/]n /ates2 consequ5tly a peck ( ! corn g5]ally giv5 to ! slaves1 w\ld be only equival5t to a fraction m ?an six qu>ts & a p9t ( ! corn commonly rais$ 9 ! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 c4 ,n[1 :at w\ld be said ( ! nor!rn capitali/1 :o %\ld all[ 8 labor]s b six qu>ts & five gills ( corn = a week's provisions8 ,fur!r1 x appe>s 9 evid5ce1 t ! corn giv5 to ! slaves is (t5 defective4 ,?is1 ! read] w recollect1 is ! volunt>y te/imony ( ,?omas ,clay1 ,esq41 ! ,georgia plant]1 ^: te/imony is giv5 above4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! am\nt ( actual nutrim5t conta9$ 9 a peck ( ! g\rd se$1 may n be m ?an 9 five1 or f\r1 or ev5 ?ree qu>ts ( fl9t corn4 ,z a qu>t ( s\!rn corn weighs at lea/ five ounces less ?an a qu>t ( nor!rn corn1 x requires little ari?metic to p]ceive1 t ! daily all[ance ( ! slave f$ ^u t k9d ( corn1 w\ld conta9 ab\t "o ?ird ( a p\nd less nutrim5t ?an ?\gh 8 daily ration 7 ! same quantity ( nor!rn corn1 :i* w\ld am\nt1 9 a ye>1 to m ?an a hundr$ & tw5ty p\nds ( human su/5ance6 :i* w\ld furni% ! slave ) 8 full all[ance ( a peck ( corn a week = two mon?s6 ,x is unnecess>y to add1 t ?is diff]5ce 9 ! weight ( ! two k9ds ( corn1 is an item too important to be ov]look$4 ,z "o qu>t ( ! s\!rn corn weighs "o p\nd & elev5-sixte5?s ( a p\nd1 x foll[s t x w\ld be ab\t "o p\nd & six-eigh?s ( a p\nd4 ,we n[ solicit ! att5tion ( ! read] to ! foll[+ unanim\s te/imony1 ( ! civiliz$ _w1 to ! utt] insuffici5cy ( ?is am\nt ( food to su/a9 human be+s "u labor4 ,?is te/imony is to be f\nd 9 ! laws ( all civiliz$ nations1 :i* regulate ! rations ( soldi]s & sailors1 disbursem5ts made by gov]nm5ts = ! support ( citiz5s 9 times ( public calamity1 ! all[ance to convicts 9 prisons1 c4 ,we w beg9 ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! daily ration = ea* ,unit$ ,/ates soldi]1 e/abli%$ by act ( ,congress1 ,may #cj1 #agif4 0 ! foll[+3 "o p\nd ( beef1 "o p\nd ( bread1 half a gill ( spirits2 & at ! rate ( "o qu>t ( salt1 two qu>ts ( v9eg>1 two p\nds ( soap1 & "o p\nd ( c&les to e hundr$ rations4 ,to ^? soldi]s :o 7 on ! fronti]s1 7:]e ! labor & exposure 7 great]17 ! ration 0 "o p\nd two ounces ( beef & "o p\nd two ounces ( bread4 ,laws ,u4,s4 vol4 #c;d1 sec4 #aj1 p4 #dca4 ,aft] an exp]im5t ( two ye>s1 ! prec$+ ration be+ f\nd insuffici5t1 x 0 increas$1 by act ( ,congress1 ,july #af1 #agih1 & 0 z foll[s3 beef "o p\nd & a qu>t]1 bread "o p\nd two ounces2 salt two qu>ts1 v9eg> f\r qu>ts1 soap f\r p\nds1 & c&les "o & a half p\nds to ! hundr$ rations4 ,! prec$+ all[ance 0 aft]w>ds /ill fur!r increas$4 ,! pres5t daily ration = ! ,unit$ ,/ates' soldi]s1 is1 z we le>n f an adv]tisem5t ( ,capta9 ,fulton1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' army1 9 a late numb] ( ! ,ri*mond 7,va47 ,enquir]1 z foll[s3 "o & a qu>t] p\nds ( beef1 "o & ?ree-sixte5?s p\nds ( bread2 & at ! rate ( eight qu>ts ( beans1 eight p\nds ( sug>1 f\r p\nds ( c(fee1 two qu>ts ( salt1 f\r p\nds ( c&les1 & f\r p\nds ( soap1 to e hundr$ rations4 ,we h be=e u ! daily rations provid$ = ! emigrat+ ,ottawa ,indians1 two ye>s s9ce1 & = ! emigrat+ ,*]okees la/ fall4 ,!y 7 ! same--"o p\nd ( fre% beef1 "o p\nd ( fl\r1 c4 ,! daily ration = ! ,unit$ ,/ates' navy1 is f\rte5 ounces ( bread1 half a p\nd ( beef1 six ounces ( pork1 ?ree ounces ( rice1 ?ree ounces ( peas1 "o ounce ( *eese1 "o ounce ( sug>1 half an ounce ( tea1 "o-?ird ( a gill molasses4 ,! daily ration 9 ! ,briti% army is "o & a qu>t] p\nds ( beef1 "o p\nd ( bread1 c4 ,! daily ration 9 ! ,fr5* army is "o p\nd ( beef1 "o & a half p\nds ( bread1 "o p9t ( w9e1 c4 ,! common daily ration = foot soldi]s on ! cont95t1 is "o p\nd ( meat1 & "o & a half p\nds ( bread4 ,! sea ration among ! ,portuguese1 has become ! usual ration 9 ! navies ( ,european p[]s g5]ally4 ,x is z foll[s3 "o & a half p\nds ( biscuit1 "o p\nd ( salt meat1 "o p9t ( w9e1 ) "s dri$ fi% & onions4 ,,prison ,,rations4--,be=e giv+ ! usual daily rations ( food all[$ to convicts1 9 ! pr9cipal prisons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 we w quote ! te/imony ( ! ,am]ican ,prison ,discipl9e ,society1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,! common all[ance ( food 9 ! p5it5ti>ies1 is equival5t to ,,"o ,,p\nd ,,( ,,meat1 ,,"o ,,p\nd ,,( ,,bread1 ,,& ,,"o ,,p\nd ,,( ,,vegetables ,,p] ,,day4 ,x v>ies a little f ?is 9 "s ( !m1 b x is g5]ally equival5t to x4 ,fir/ ,report ( ,am]ican ,prison ,discipl9e ,society1 page #ac4 ,! daily ration ( food to ea* convict1 9 ! pr9cipal prisons 9 ?is c\ntry1 is z foll[s3 ,9 ! ,new ,hamp%ire ,/ate ,prison1 "o & a qu>t] p\nds ( meal1 & f\rte5 ounces ( beef1 = breakfa/ & d9n]2 & = supp]1 a s\p or porridge ( potatos & beans1 or peas1 ! quantity n limit$4 ,9 ! ,v]mont prison1 ! convicts are all[$ to eat z mu* z !y wi%4 ,9 ! ,massa*usetts' p5it5ti>y1 "o & a half p\nds ( bread1 f\rte5 ounces ( meat1 half a p9t ( potatos1 & "o gill ( molasses1 or "o p9t ( milk4 ,9 ! ,connecticut ,/ate ,prison1 "o p\nd ( beef1 "o p\nd ( bread1 two & a half p\nds ( potatos1 half a gill ( molasses1 ) salt1 pepp]1 & v9eg>4 ,9 ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,prison1 at ,auburn1 "o p\nd ( beef1 tw5ty-two ounces ( fl\r & meal1 half a gill ( molasses2 ) two qu>ts ( rye1 f\r qu>ts ( salt1 two qu>ts ( v9eg>1 "o & a half ounces ( pepp]1 & two & a half bu%els ( potatos to e hundr$ rations4 ,9 ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,prison at ,s+ ,s+1 "o p\nd ( beef1 eighte5 ounces ( fl\r & meal1 besides potatos1 rye c(fee1 & molasses4 ,9 ! ,new ,york ,city ,prison1 "o p\nd ( beef1 "o p\nd ( fl\r2 & ?ree pecks ( potatos to e hundr$ rations1 ) o!r small articles4 ,9 ! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,prison1 "o p\nd ( bread1 half a p\nd ( beef1 ) potatos & cabbage1 7quantity n specifi$17 "o gill ( molasses1 & a b[l ( mu% = supp]4 ,9 ! late ,walnut ,/reet ,prison1 ,philadelphia1 "o & a half p\nds ( bread & meal1 half a p\nd ( beef1 "o p9t ( potatos1 "o gill ( molasses1 & half a gill ( rye1 = c(fee4 ,9 ! ,baltimore prison1 we believe ! ration is ! same ) ! prec$+4 ,9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,ea/]n ,p5it5ti>y1 "o p\nd ( bread & "o p9t ( c(fee = breakfa/1 "o p9t ( meat s\p1 ) potatos )\t limit1 = d9n]1 & mu% & molasses = supp]4 ,9 ! ,p5it5ti>y = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,wa%+ton city1 "o p\nd ( beef1 twelve ounces ( ,indian meal1 t5 ounces ( :eat fl\r1 half a gill ( molasses2 ) two qu>ts ( rye1 f\r qu>ts ( salt1 f\r qu>ts ( v9eg>1 & two & a half bu%els ( potatos to e hundr$ rations4 ,,rations ,,9 ,,engli% ,,prisons4--,! daily ration ( food 9 ! ,b$=d%ire ,p5it5ti>y1 is two p\nds ( bread2 & if at h>d labor1 a qu>t ( s\p = d9n]4 ,9 ! ,cambridge ,c\nty ,h\se ( ,correction1 ?ree p\nds ( bread1 & "o p9t ( be]4 ,9 ! ,millbank ,g5]al ,p5it5ti>y1 "o & a half p\nds ( bread1 "o p\nd ( potatos1 six ounces ( beef1 ) half a p9t ( bro? !refrom4 ,9 ! ,gl\ce/]%ire ,p5it5ti>y1 "o & a half p\nds ( bread1 ?ree-f\r?s ( a p9t ( peas1 made into s\p1 ) beef1 quantity n /at$4 ,also gruel1 made ( vegetables1 quantity n /at$1 & "o & a half ounces ( oatmeal mix$ ) x4 ,9 ! ,leice/]%ire ,h\se ( ,correction1 two p\nds ( bread1 & ?ree p9ts ( gruel2 & :5 at h>d labor1 "o p9t ( milk 9 addition1 & twice a week a p9t ( meat s\p at d9n]1 in/ead ( gruel4 ,9 ! ,buxton ,h\se ( ,correction1 "o & a half p\nds ( bread1 "o & a half p9ts ( gruel1 "o & a half p9ts ( s\p1 f\r-fif?s ( a p\nd ( potatos1 & two-sev5?s ( an ounce ( beef4 ,not)/&+ ! prec$+ daily ration 9 ! ,buxton ,prison is ab\t d\ble ! usual daily all[ance ( our slaves1 yet ! visit+ physicians decid$1 t = ^? prison]s :o 7 requir$ to "w ! tread-mill1 x 0 entirely suffici5t4 ,?is "q 0 consid]$ at l5g?1 & publicly discuss$ at ! sessions ( ! ,surry magi/rates1 ) ! b5efit ( m$ical advice2 :i* result$ 9 l>ge additions to ! rations ( ^? :o work$ on ! tread-mill4 ,see ,london ,morn+ ,*ronicle1 ,jan4 #ac1 #ahcj4 ,to ! prec$+ we add ! ration ( ! ,roman slaves4 ,! mon?ly all[ance ( food to slaves 9 ,rome 0 call$ ,dim5sum4 ,! ,dim5sum 0 an all[ance ( :eat or ( o!r gra91 :i* consi/$ ( five modii a mon? to ea* slave4 ,a9swor?1 9 8 ,lat9 ,diction>y e/imates ! modius1 :5 us$ = ! measurem5t ( gra91 at a peck & a half our measure1 :i* w\ld make ! ,roman slave's all[ance two qu>ts ( gra9 a day1 j d\ble ! all[ance provid$ = ! slave by law 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & six qu>ts m p] week ?an ! ord9>y all[ance ( slaves 9 ! slave /ates g5]ally1 z already e/abli%$ by ! te/imony ( slavehold]s !mselves4 ,b x mu/ by no means be ov]look$ t ?is dim5sum1 or mon?ly all[ance1 0 f> f be+ ! sole all[ance ( food to ,roman slaves4 ,9 addition to ?is1 !y _h a /at$ daily all[ance 7di>ium7 besides a mon?ly all[ance ( money1 am\nt+ to ab\t a c5t a day4 ,n[ )\t fur!r tr5*+ on ! read]'s "t1 we add1 comp>e ! prec$+ daily all[ances ( food to soldi]s & sailors 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries2 to convicts 9 ?is & o!r c\ntries2 to bodies ( emigrants ration$ at public exp5se2 & f9ally1 ) ! fix$ all[ance giv5 to ,roman slaves1 & we f9d ! /ates ( ?is ,union1 ! slave /ates z well z ! free1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates' gov]nm5t1 ! diff]5t ,european gov]nm5ts1 ! old ,roman empire1 9 f9e1 we may add1 ! _w1 anci5t & mod]n1 unit+ 9 ! te/imony t to furni% m5 at h>d labor f daylight till d>k ) b #a-a_/b lbs4 ( corn p] day1 _! sole su/5ance1 is to ,,murd] ,,!m ,,by ,,piece-,,meal4 ,! read] w p]ceive by exam9+ ! prec$+ /ati/ics t ! av]age daily ration ?r\gh\t ?is c\ntry & ,europe exce$s ! usual slave's all[ance at lea/ a p\nd a day2 also t "o-?ird ( ?is ration = soldi]s & convicts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & = sold]s & sailors 9 ,europe is meat1 g5]ally beef2 :]eas ! all[ance ( ! mass ( our slaves is corn1 only4 ,fur!r1 ! convicts 9 our prisons are %elt]$ f ! heat ( ! sun1 & f ! damps ( ! e>ly morn+ & ev5+1 f cold1 ra91 c42 :]eas1 ! great body ( ! slaves are expos$ to all ( ^!1 9 _! season1 f daylight till d>k2 besides ?is1 !y labor m h\rs 9 ! day ?an convicts1 z w be %[n "u ano!r head1 & are oblig$ to prep>e & cook _! own food aft] !y h f9i%$ ! labor ( ! day1 :ile ! convicts h !irs prep>$ = !m4 ,^!1 ) o!r circum/ances1 necess>ily make l>g] & long] draughts ^u ! /r5g? ( ! slave1 produce consequ5tly great] exhau/ion1 & dem& a l>g] am\nt ( food to re/ore & su/a9 ! labor] ?an is requir$ by ! convict 9 8 brief]1 less expos$1 & less exhau/+ toils4 ,t ! slavehold]s !mselves reg>d ! usual all[ance ( food to slaves z insuffici5t1 bo? 9 k9d & quantity1 = h>d-work+ m51 is %[n by ! fact1 t 9 all ! slave /ates1 we believe )\t exception1 :ite convicts at h>d labor1 h a mu* l>g] all[ance ( food ?an ! usual "o ( slaves2 & g5]ally m ?an "o ?ird ( ?is daily all[ance is meat4 ,?is conviction ( slavehold]s %[s itself 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,:5 p]sons wi% to hire slaves to labor on public works1 9 addition to ! inducem5t ( high wages held out to ma/]s to hire out _! slaves1 ! contractors pl$ge !mselves t a c]ta9 am\nt ( food %all be giv5 ! slaves1 tak+ c>e to specify a l>g] am\nt ?an ! usual all[ance1 & a "p ( x meat4 ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5t is an illu/ration4 ,we copy x f ! ,daily ,georgian1 ,savannah1 ,dec4 #ad1 #ahch4 ,,negroes ,,want$4 ,! ,contractors ^u ! ,brunswick & ,alatamaha ,canal are desir\s to hire a numb] ( prime ,negro ,m51 f ! #a/ ,octob] next1 = fifte5 mon?s1 until ! #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahaj4 ,!y w pay at ! rate ( eighte5 doll>s p] mon? = ea* prime h&4 ,^! negroes w be employ$ 9 ! excavation ( ! ,canal4 ,!y w be provid$ ) ?ree & a half p\nds ( pork or bacon1 & t5 qu>ts ( g\rd se$ corn p] week1 lodg$ 9 com=table %antees & att5d$ con/antly a skilful physician4 ,j4,h4 ,,c\p]1 ,p4,m4 ,,night+ale4 ,b we h direct te/imony to ?is po9t4 ,! late ,hon4 ,john ,taylor1 ( ,c>ol9e ,co4 ,virg9ia1 = a long "t ,s5ator 9 ,congress1 & = _m ye>s presid5t ( ! ,agricultural ,society ( ! ,/ate1 says 9 8 ,agricultural ,essays1 ,no4 #cj1 page #ig1 ,,bread ,,alone ,,ought ,,nev] ,,to ,,be ,,consid]$ ,a ,,suffici5t ,,diet ,,= ,,slaves ,,except ,,z ,a ,,puni%m5t4 ,he urges ^u ! plant]s ( ,virg9ia to give _! slaves1 9 addition to bread1 salt meat & vegetables1 & adds1 we %all be ,,a/oni%$ to discov] ^u trial1 t ?is great com=t to !m is a pr(it to ! ma/]4 ,! ,manag]s ( ! ,am]ican ,prison ,discipl9e ,society1 9 _! ?ird ,report1 page #eh1 say1 ,9 ! ,p5it5ti>ies g5]ally1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! animal food is equal to "o p\nd ( meat p] day = ea* convict4 ,mo/ ( ! actual suff]+ f hung] on ! "p ( ! slaves1 is 9 ! sug> & cotton-gr[+ region1 :]e ! crops are export$ & ! corn g5]ally pur*as$ f ! upp] c\ntry4 ,:]e ?is is ! case !re _c b be suff]+4 ,! cont+5cies ( bad crops1 difficult transportation1 high prices1 c4 c41 naturally occasion %ort & (t5 prec>i\s all[ances4 ,! foll[+ extract f a ,new ,orleans pap] ( ,april #bf1 #ahcg1 af=ds an illu/ration4 ,! writ] 9 describ+ ! effects ( ! money pressure 9 ,mississippi1 says3 ,!y1 7! plant]s17 are n[ left )\t provisions & ! means ( liv+ & us+ _! indu/ry1 = ! pres5t ye>4 ,9 ?is dilemma1 plant]s ^: crops h be5 f #ajj to #gjj bales1 f9d !mselves =c$ to sacrifice _m ( _! slaves 9 ord] to get ! common necess>ies ( life = ! support ( !mselves & ! re/ ( _! negroes4 ,9 _m places1 heavy plant]s compel _! slaves to fi% = ! means ( subsi/5ce1 r ?an sell !m at su* ru9\s rates4 ,!re are at ?is mom5t ,,?\s&s ,,( ,,slaves 9 ,mississippi1 t ,,"k ,,n ,,:]e ,,! ,,next ,,morsel ,,is ,,to ,,come ,,f4 ,! ma/] mu/ be ru9$ to save ! wret*es f be+ ,,/>v$4 ,,ii4 ,,labor ,,! ,,slaves ,,are ,,ov]work$4 ,?is is abundantly prov$ by ! numb] ( h\rs t ! slaves are oblig$ to be 9 ! field4 ,b be=e furni%+ te/imony z to _! h\rs ( labor & re/1 we w pres5t ! express decl>ations ( slavehold]s & o!rs1 t ! slaves are sev]ely driv5 9 ! field4 ,! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,_m own]s ( slaves1 & o!rs :o h ! managem5t ( slaves1 d conf9e !m s closely at h>d labor t !y h n suffici5t "t = natural re/4--,see #b ,brev>d's ,dige/ ( ! ,laws ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #bdc4 ,hi/ory ( ,c>ol9a4--,vol4 ,i1 page #aij4 ,s labori\s is ! task ( rais+1 beat+1 & clean+ rice1 t _h x be5 possible to obta9 ,european s]vants 9 suffici5t numb]s1 ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ,,mu/ ,,h ,,p]i%$4 ,hon4 ,alex&] ,smy?1 a slavehold]1 & memb] ( ,congress f ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee* on ! ,miss\ri "q1 ,jan4 #bh1 #ahbj4 ,is x n obvi\s t ! way to r5d] _! situation m com=table1 is to all[ !m to be tak5 :]e !re is n ! same motive to =ce ! slave to ,,incessant ,,toil t !re is 9 ! c\ntry :]e cotton1 sug>1 & tobacco are rais$ = exportation4 ,x is propos$ to hem 9 ! blacks :]e !y are ,,h>d ,,work$1 t !y may be r5d]$ unproductive & ! race be prev5t$ f increas+4 99 99 99 ,! propos$ measure w\ld be ,,extreme ,,cruelty to ! blacks4 99 99 99 ,y w\ld 99 99 99 doom !m to ,,h>d ,,labor4 ,travels 9 ,l\isiana1 translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,john ,davies1 ,esq4--,page #ha4 ,at ! roll+ ( sug>s1 an int]val ( f two to ?ree mon?s1 !y "w bo? night & day4 ,abridg$ ( _! sleep1 !y sc>ce retire to re/ dur+ ! :ole p]iod4 ,! ,we/]n ,review1 ,no4 #b1--;article ,agriculture ( ,l\isiana4 ,! "w is admitt$ to be sev]e = ! h&s1 7slaves17 requir+ :5 ! process is comm5c$ to be pu%$ night & day4 ,w4,c4 ,gild]sleeve1 ,esq41 a native ( ,georgia1 eld] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 ,wilkesb>re1 ,p5n4 ,ov]work$ ,i "k !y 7! slaves7 are4 ,mr4 ,asa ,a4 ,/one1 a !ological /ud5t1 ne> ,nat*ez1 ,miss41 9 #ahcd & #ahce4 ,e body "h kn[s ov]driv+ to be "o ( ! mo/ common occurr5ces1 ! plant]s d n d5y x1 except1 p]haps1 to nor!rn]s4 ,philemon ,bliss1 ,esq41 a lawy] ( ,elyria1 ,ohio1 :o liv$ 9 ,florida 9 #ahcd & #ahce4 ,dur+ ! cotton-pick+ season !y usually labor 9 ! field dur+ ! :ole ( ! daylight1 & !n sp5d a good "p ( ! night 9 g9n+ & bal+4 ,! labor requir$ is v frequ5tly excessive1 & spe$ily impairs ! con/itution4 ,hon4 ,r4,j4 ,turnbull ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 a slavehold]1 speak+ ( ! h>ve/+ ( cotton1 says3 ,all ! pregnant wom5 ev51 on ! plantation1 & weak & sickly negroes incapable ( o!r lab\r1 are !n 9 requisition4 ,,h\rs ,,( ,,labor ,,& ,,re/4 ,asa ,a4 ,/one1 !ological /ud5t1 a classical tea*] ne> ,nat*ez1 ,miss41 #ahce4 ,x is a g5]al rule on all regul> plantations1 t ! slaves be 9 ! field z soon z x is light en\gh = !m to see to "w1 & rema9 !re until x is s d>k t !y _c see4 ,mr4 ,cornelius ,johnson1 ( ,f>m+ton1 ,ohio1 :o liv$ 9 ,mississippi a "p ( #ahcg & #ahch4 ,x is ! common rule = ! slaves to be kept at "w fifte5 h\rs 9 ! day1 & 9 ! "t ( pick+ cotton a c]ta9 numb] ( p\nds is requir$ ( ea*4 ,if ?is am\nt is n br\ght 9 at night1 ! slave is :ipp$1 & ! numb] ( p\nds lack+ is add$ to ! next day's job2 ?is c\rse is (t5 repeat$ f day to day4 ,w4,c4 ,gild]sleeve1 ,esq41 ,wilkesb>re1 ,p5n1 a native ( ,georgia4 ,x 0 cu/om>y = ! ov]se]s to call out ! gangs long be=e day1 say ?ree o'clock1 9 ! w9t]1 :ile dress+ out ! crops2 su* "w z c\ld be done by fire light 7pit* p9e 0 abundant17 0 provid$4 ,mr4 ,william ,leftwi*1 a native ( ,virg9ia & son ( a slavehold]--he has rec5tly remov$ to ,delhi1 ,hamilton ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,f dawn till d>k1 ! slaves are requir$ to b5d to _! "w4 ,mr4 ,nehemiah ,caulk9s1 ,wat]=d1 ,conn41 a resid5t 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a elev5 w9t]s4 ,! slaves are oblig$ to "w f daylight till d>k1 z long z !y c see4 ,mr4 ,eleaz> ,p[el1 ,*ippewa1 ,beav] c\nty1 ,p5n41 :o liv$ 9 ,mississippi 9 #ahcf & #ahcg4 ,! slaves _h to cook & eat _! breakfa/ & be 9 ! field by daylight1 & cont9ue !re till d>k4 ,philemon ,bliss1 ,esq41 a lawy] 9 ,elyria1 ,ohio1 :o resid$ 9 ,florida 9 #ahcd & #ahce4 ,! slaves comm5ce labor by daylight 9 ! morn+1 & d n leave ! field till d>k 9 ! ev5+4 ,travels 9 ,l\isiana1 page #hg4 ,bo? 9 summ] & w9t] ! slave mu/ be 9 ! field by ! fir/ dawn+ ( day4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,knapp1 memb] ( a ,*ri/ian *ur* 9 ,f>m+ton1 ,ohio1 :o liv$ 9 ,mississippi 9 #ahcg & #ahch4 ,! slaves 7 made to "w1 f z soon z !y c\ld see 9 ! morn+1 till z late z !y c\ld see at night4 ,sometimes !y 7 made to "w till n9e o'clock at night1 9 su* "w z !y c\ld d1 z burn+ cotton /alks1 c4 ,a ,new ,orleans pap]1 dat$ ,m>* #bc1 #ahbf1 says3 ,to judge f ! activity reign+ 9 ! cotton presses ( ! suburbs ( ,/4 ,m>y1 & ! late h\rs dur+ :i* _! slaves "w1 ! cotton trade 0 nev] m brisk4 ,mr4 ,,george ,w4 ,,we/gate1 a memb] ( ! ,congregational ,*ur* at ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 :o liv$ 9 ! s\? we/]n slaves /ates a numb] ( ye>s says1 ! slaves are driv5 to ! field 9 ! morn+ ab\t f\r o'clock1 ! g5]al calculation is to get !m at "w by daylight2 ! "t = breakfa/ is betwe5 n9e & t5 o'clock1 ?is meal is sometimes eat5 'bite & "w1' o!rs all[ fifte5 m9utes1 & ?is is ! only re/ ! slave has :ile 9 ! field4 ,i h nev] kn[n a case ( /opp+ = an h\r1 9 ,l\isiana2 9 ,mississippi ! rule is mild]1 ?\gh entirely subject to ! w ( ! ma/]4 ,on cotton plantations1 9 cotton pick+ "t1 t is f ,octob] to ,*ri/mas1 ea* h& has a c]ta9 quantity to pick1 & is flogg$ if 8 task is n accompli%$2 _! tasks are su* z to keep !m all ! :ile busy4 ,! prec$+ te/imony "u ?is head has sole ref]5ce to ! actual labor ( ! slaves 9 ! field4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e h[ _m h\rs are left = sleep1 we mu/ take into ! acc\nt1 ! "t sp5t 9 go+ to & f ! field1 :i* is (t5 at a di/ance ( "o1 two & sometimes ?ree miles2 also ! "t necess>y = p\nd+1 or gr9d+ _! corn1 & prep>+1 ov]night1 _! food = ! next day2 also ! prep>ation ( tools1 gett+ fuel & prep>+ x1 mak+ fires & cook+ _! supp]s1 if !y h any1 ! occasional m5d+ & wa%+ ( _! clo!s1 c4 ,besides ?is1 z ev]yone kn[s :o has liv$ on a s\!rn plantation1 _m little err&s & *ores are to be done = _! ma/]s & mi/resses1 old & "y1 :i* h accumulat$ dur+ ! day & be5 kept 9 res]ve till ! slaves return f ! field at night4 ,to ?is we may add t ! slaves are social be+s1 & t dur+ ! day1 sil5ce is g5]ally en=c$ by ! :ip ( ! ov]se] or driv]4#c ,:5 !y return at night1 _! p5t up social feel+s w seek v5t1 x is a law ( nature1 & ?\gh ! body may be greatly worn ) toil1 ?is law _c be :olly /ifl$4 ,%>]s ( ! same woes1 !y are drawn toge!r by /rong aff9ities1 & seek ! society & sympa?y ( _! fell[s2 ev5 tir$ nature w joyfully =ego = a "t ne$ful re/1 to m9i/] to a want ( its be+ equally p]man5t & imp]ative z ! want ( sleep1 & z mu* m pr(\nd1 z ! ye>n+s ( ! high] nature surpass ! in/9cts ( its animal app5dage4 ,footnote #c3 ,we d n mean t !y are n suff]$ to speak1 b1 t1 z conv]sation w\ld be a h9drance to lab\r1 !y are g5]ally p]mitt$ to indulge 9 x b little4 ,all ^! ?+s make drafts ^u "t4 ,to %[ h[ mu* ( ! slave's "t1 :i* is absolutely indisp5sable = re/ & sleep1 is necess>ily sp5t 9 v>i\s labors aft] 8 return f ! field at night1 we subjo9 a few te/imonies4 ,mr4 ,,cornelius ,,johnson1 ,f>m+ton1 ,ohio1 :o liv$ 9 ,mississippi 9 ! ye>s #ahcg & #ch1 says3 ,on all ! plantations :]e ,i 0 acqua9t$1 ! slaves 7 kept 9 ! field till d>k2 aft] :i*1 ^? :o _h to gr9d _! own corn1 _h t to att5d to1 get _! supp]1 att5d to o!r family affairs ( _! own & ( _! ma/]1 su* z br++ wat]1 wa%+1 clo!s1 c4 c41 & be 9 ! field z soon z x 0 suffici5tly light to comm5ce "w 9 ! morn+4 ,mr4 ,,george ,w4 ,,we/gate1 ( ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 :o has sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 ! s\? we/]n slave /ates1 says3 ,_! "t1 aft] full d>k until f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+ is _! own2 ?is fact alone w\ld seem to say !y h suffici5t re/1 b !re are o!r ?+s to be consid]$2 mu* ( _! mak+1 m5d+ & wa%+ ( clo!s1 prep>+ & cook+ food1 haul+ & *opp+ wood1 fix+ & prep>+ tools1 & a v>iety ( little nameless jobs mu/ be done betwe5 ^? h\rs4 ,,philemon ,,bliss1 ,esq4 ( ,elyria1 ,ohio1 :o resid$ 9 ,florida 9 #ahcd & #e1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony3 ,aft] hav+ f9i%$ _! field labors1 !y are occupi$ till n9e or t5 o'clock 9 do+ *ores1 su* z gr9d+ corn1 7z all ! corn 9 ! vic9ity is gr\nd by h&17 *opp+ wood1 tak+ c>e ( horses1 mules1 c41 & a ?\s& ?+s necess>y to be done on a l>ge plantation4 ,if any extra job is to be done1 x mu/ n h9d] ! 'nigg]s' f _! "w1 b mu/ be done 9 ! night4 ,w4,c4 ,,gild]sleeve1 ,esq41 a native ( ,georgia1 an eld] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* at ,wilkes-b>re1 ,pa4 says3 ,! corn is gr\nd 9 a h&mill by ! slave aft] 8 task is done--g5]ally !re is b "o mill on ! plantation1 & z b "o c gr9d at a "t1 ! mill is go+ sometimes v late at night4 ,we n[ pres5t ano!r class ( facts & te/imony1 %[+ t ! slaves engag$ 9 rais+ ! l>ge /aples1 are ov]work$4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahca1 ! writ] ( ?is _h an int]view ) ,,james ,g4 ,,birney1 ,esq41 :o !n resid$ 9 ,k5tucky1 hav+ remov$ ) 8 family f ,alabama ! ye> be=e4 ,a few h\rs be=e t int]view1 & on ! morn+ ( ! same day1 ,mr4 ,b4 _h sp5t a c\ple ( h\rs ) ,hon4 ,h5ry ,clay1 at 8 resid5ce1 ne> ,lex+ton4 ,mr4 ,birney rem>k$1 t ,mr4 ,clay _h j told him1 he _h lately be5 l$ to mi/ru/ c]ta9 e/imates z to ! increase ( ! slave population 9 ! f> s\? we/--e/imates :i* he _h pres5t$1 ,i ?9k1 9 a spee* be=e ! ,colonization ,society4 ,he n[ believ$1 t ! bir?s among ! slaves 9 t qu>t] 7 n equal to ! dea?s--& t1 ( c\rse1 ! slave population1 indep5d5t ( immigration f ! slave-sell+ /ates1 0 n su/a9+ itself4 ,among o!r facts /at$ by ,mr4 ,clay1 0 ! foll[+1 :i* we copy v]batim f ! orig9al memor&um1 made at ! "t by ,mr4 ,birney1 ) :i* he has k9dly furni%$ u4 ,sept4 #af1 #ahcd4--;,hon4 ,h4 ,clay1 9 a conv]sation at 8 own h\se1 on ! subject ( slav]y1 in=m$ me1 t ,hon4 ,out]bridge ,horsey1 =m]ly a s5ator 9 ,congress f ! /ate ( ,delaw>e1 & ! own] ( a sug> plantation 9 ,l\isiana1 decl>$ to him1 t 8 ov]se] work$ 8 h&s s closely1 t "o ( ! wom5 br\ght =? a *ild :il/ engag$ 9 ! labors ( ! field4 ,also1 t a few ye>s s9ce1 he 0 at a brick y>d 9 ! environs ( ,new ,orleans1 9 :i* "o hundr$ h&s 7 employ$2 among !m 7 f tw5ty to ?irty "y wom51 9 ! prime ( life4 ,he 0 told by ! proprietor1 t !re _h n be5 a *ild born among !m = ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s1 al?\gh !y all _h husb&s4 ,! prec$+ te/imony ( ,mr4 ,clay1 is /rongly corroborat$ by adv]tisem5ts ( slaves1 by ,c\rts ( ,probate1 & by executors adm9i/]+ ^u ! e/ates ( deceas$ p]sons4 ,"s ( ^? adv]tisem5ts = ! sale ( slaves1 conta9 ! names1 ages1 accu/om$ employm5t1 c41 ( all ! slaves ^u ! plantation ( ! deceas$4 ,^! catalogues %[ l>ge numb]s ( "y m5 & wom51 almo/ all ( !m betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty-eight ye>s old2 & yet ! numb] ( "y *ildr5 is a/oni%+ly small4 ,we h laid aside _m li/s ( ?is k9d1 9 look+ ov] ! newspap]s ( ! slavehold+ /ates2 b ! two foll[+ are all we c lay our h&s on at pres5t4 ,"o is 9 ! ,plant]'s ,intellig5c]1 ,alex&ria1 ,la41 ,m>* #bb1 #ahcg1 conta9+ "o hundr$ & ?irty slaves2 & ! o!r 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 a few days lat]1 ,april #h1 #ahcg1 conta9+ fifty-"o slaves4 ,! =m] is a ,probate sale ( ! slaves belong+ to ! e/ate ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,s4 ,lee1 deceas$1 & is adv]tis$ by ,g4,w4 ,keeton1 ,judge ( ! ,p>i% ( ,concordia1 ,la4 ,! sex1 "n1 & age ( ea* slave are conta9$ 9 ! adv]tisem5t :i* fills two columns4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! p>ticul>s4 ,! :ole numb] ( slaves is "o hundr$ & ?irty4 ,( ^!1 only ?ree are ov] =ty ye>s old4 ,!re are ?irty-five females betwe5 ! ages ( sixte5 & ?irty-?ree1 & yet !re are only ,,?irte5 *ildr5 "u ! age ( ?irte5 ye>s6 ,x is impossible satisfactorily to acc\nt = su* a fact1 on any o!r supposition1 ?an t ^! ?irty-five females 7 s ov]work$1 or und]f$1 or bo?1 z to prev5t *ild-be>+4 ,! o!r adv]tisem5t is t ( a ,probate sale1 ord]$ by ! ,c\rt ( ! ,p>i% ( ,jeff]son--includ+ ! slaves ( ,mr4 ,william ,gormley4 ,! :ole numb] ( slaves is fifty-"o2 ! sex1 age1 & accu/om$ labors ( ea* are giv54 ,! olde/ ( ^! slaves is b ?irty-n9e ye>s old3 ( ! females1 ?irte5 are betwe5 ! ages ( sixte5 & ?irty-two1 & ! olde/ female is b ?irty-eight--& yet !re are b two *ildr5 "u eight ye>s old6 ,ano!r pro( t ! slaves 9 ! s\?-we/]n /ates are ov]-work$1 is ! fact1 t s few ( !m live to old age4 ,a l>ge majority ( !m are old at middle age1 & few live beyond fifty-five4 ,9 "o ( ! prec$+ adv]tisem5ts1 out ( "o hundr$ & ?irty slaves1 only ?ree are ov] =ty ye>s old6 ,9 ! o!r1 out ( fifty-"o slaves1 only two are ov] ?irty-five2 ! olde/ is b ?irty-n9e1 & ! way 9 :i* he is designat$ 9 ! adv]tisem5t1 is an additional pro(1 t :at to o!rs is middle age1 is to ! slaves 9 ! s\?-we/ old age3 he is adv]tis$ z old ,jeffrey4 ,b ! pro( t ! slave population ( ! s\?-we/ is s ov]-work$ t x _c supply its own wa/e1 does n re/ ^u m]e inf]5tial evid5ce4 ,! ,agricultural ,society ( ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la41 9 its report1 publi%$ 9 #ahbi1 furni%es a labor$ e/imate ( ! am\nt ( exp5diture necess>ily incurr$ 9 conduct+ a well-regulat$ sug> e/ate4 ,9 ?is e/imate1 ! annual net loss ( slaves1 ov] & above ! supply by propagation1 is set d[n at ,,two ,,& ,a ,,half ,,p] ,,c5t6 ,! late ,hon4 ,josiah ,s4 ,johnson1 a memb] ( ,congress f ,l\isiana1 address$ a lett] to ! ,secret>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,treasury1 9 #ahcj1 conta9+ a simil> e/imate1 app>5tly made ) great c>e1 & go+ into m9ute details4 ,_m items 9 ?is e/imate diff] f ! prec$+2 b ! e/imate ( ! annual decrease ( ! slaves on a plantation 0 ! same--,,two ,,& ,a ,,half ,,p] ,,c5t6 ,! foll[+ te/imony ( ,rev4 ,dr4 ,*ann+1 ( ,bo/on1 :o resid$ "s "t 9 ,virg9ia1 %[s t ! ov]-work+ ( slaves1 to su* an ext5t z to abridge life1 & cause a decrease ( population1 is n conf9$ to ! f> s\? & s\?-we/4 ,i he>d ( an e/ate manag$ by an individual :o 0 consid]$ z s+ul>ly successful1 & :o 0 able to gov]n ! slaves )\t ! use ( ! :ip4 ,i 0 anxi\s to see him1 & tru/$ t "s discov]y _h be5 made favorable to humanity4 ,i ask$ him h[ he 0 able to disp5se ) corporal puni%m5t4 ,he repli$ to me1 ) a v det]m9$ look1 ',! slaves "k t ! "w mu/ be done1 & t x is bett] to d x )\t puni%m5t ?an ) x4' ,9 o!r words1 ! c]ta9ty & dread ( *a/isem5t 7 s impress$ on !m1 t !y nev] incurr$ x4 ,i !n f\nd t ! slaves on ?is well-manag$ e/ate1 decreas$ 9 numb]4 ,i ask$ ! cause4 ,he repli$1 ) p]fect frankness & ease1 ',! gang is n l>ge en\gh = ! e/ate4' ,9 o!r words1 !y 7 n equal to ! "w ( ! plantation1 &1 yet 7 made to d x1 ?\gh ) ! c]ta9ty ( abridg+ life4 ,on ?is plantation ! huts 7 uncommonly conv5i5t4 ,!re 0 an unusual air ( neatness4 ,a sup]ficial obs]v] w\ld h call$ ! slaves happy4 ,yet !y 7 liv+ "u a sev]e1 subdu+ discipl9e1 & 7 ov]-work$ to a degree t %ort5$ life4--,*ann+ on ,slav]y1 page #afb1 fir/ edition4 ,,philemon ,,bliss1 ,esq41 a lawy] ( ,elyria1 ,ohio1 :o sp5t "s "t 9 ,florida1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony to ! ov]-work+ ( ! slaves3 ,x is n uncommon = h&s1 9 hurry+ times1 beside work+ all day1 to labor half ! night4 ,?is is usually ! case on sug> plantations1 dur+ ! sug>-boil+ season2 & on cotton1 dur+ its ga!r+4 ,beside ! regul> task ( pick+ cotton1 av]ag+ ( ! %ort /aple1 :5 ! crop is good1 #ajj p\nds a day to ! h&1 ! g9n+ 7extract+ ! se$17 & bal+ 0 done 9 ! night4 ,said ,mr4 ---- to me1 :ile conv]s+ ^u ! cu/om>y labor ( slaves1 ',i "w my nigg]s 9 a hurry+ "t till #aa or #ab o'clock at night1 & h !m up by f\r 9 ! morn+4' ,beside ! common inducem5t1 ! desire ( ga91 to make a l>ge crop1 ! desire is increas$ by t _s ( gambl+1 s common at ! s\?4 ,x is v common to bet on ! issue ( a crop4 ,a4 lays a wag] t1 f a giv5 numb] ( h&s1 he w make m cotton ?an ,b4 ,! wag] is accept$1 & !n beg9s ! conte/2 & :o be>s ! burd5 ( x8 ,h[ _m te>s1 yea1 h[ _m brok5 con/itutions1 & premature dea?s1 h be5 ! effect ( ?is _s8 ,f ! desp]ate en]gy ( purpose ) :i* ! gambl] pursues 8 object1 f ! passions :i* ! practice calls into ex]cise1 we might conjecture _m4 ,su* is ! fact4 ,9 ,middle ,florida1 a brok5-w9d$ negro is m common ?an a brok5-w9d$ horse2 ?\gh usually1 :5 !y are decl>$ uns\nd1 or :5 _! con/itution is s brok5 t _! recov]y is despair$ (1 !y are export$ to ,new ,orleans1 to drag out ! rema9d] ( _! days 9 ! cane-field & sug> h\se4 ,i w\ld n ins9uate t all plant]s gamble ^u _! crops2 b ,i m5tion ! practice z "o ( ! common inducem5ts to 'pu% nigg]s4' ,nei!r w\ld ,i ass]t t all plant]s drive ! h&s to ! injury ( _! heal?4 ,i give x z a g5]al rule 9 ! di/rict ( ,middle ,florida1 & ,i h no reason to ?9k t negroes are driv5 worse !re ?an 9 o!r f]tile sections4 ,p !re told me t ! situation ( ! slaves 0 f> bett] ?an 9 ,mississippi & ,l\isiana4 ,& f comp>+ ! crops ) ^? made 9 ! latt] /ates1 & = o!r reasons1 ,i am conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( _! /atem5ts4 ,,dr4 ,,demm+1 a g5tleman ( high respectability1 resid+ 9 ,a%l&1 ,ri*l& c\nty1 ,ohio1 /at$ to ,pr(essor ,wright1 ( ,new ,york city1 ,t dur+ a rec5t t\r at ! s\?1 :ile asc5d+ ! ,ohio riv]1 on ! /eamboat ,fame1 he _h an opportunity ( conv]s+ ) a ,mr4 ,dick9son1 a resid5t ( ,pittsburg1 9 company ) a numb] ( cotton-plant]s & slave-deal]s1 f ,l\isiana1 ,alabama1 & ,mississippi1 ,mr4 ,dick9son /at$ z a fact1 t ! sug> plant]s ^u ! sug> coa/ 9 ,l\isiana _h asc]ta9$1 t1 z x 0 usually necess>y to employ ab\t twice ! am\nt ( labor dur+ ! boil+ season1 t 0 requir$ dur+ ! season ( rais+1 !y c\ld1 by excessive driv+1 day & night1 dur+ ! boil+ season1 accompli% ! :ole labor ) "o set ( h&s4 ,by pursu+ ?is plan1 !y c\ld af=d to sacrifice a set ( h&s once 9 sev5 ye>s6 ,he fur!r /at$ t ?is horrible sy/em 0 n[ practis$ to a consid]able ext5t6 ,! correctness ( ?is /atem5t 0 sub/antially admitt$ by ! slavehold]s !n on bo>d4 ,! late ,,mr4 ,,samuel ,,blackwell1 a highly respect$ citiz5 ( ,j]sey city1 opposite ! city ( ,new ,york1 & a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 visit$ _m ( ! sug> plantations 9 ,l\isiana a few ye>s s9ce3 & hav+ = _m ye>s be5 ! own] ( an ext5sive sug> ref9]y 9 ,engl&1 & subsequ5tly 9 ?is c\ntry1 he _h n only e facility af=d$ him by ! plant]s1 = p]sonal inspection ( all p>ts ( ! process ( sug>-mak+1 b receiv$ f !m ! mo/ unres]v$ communications1 z to _! managem5t ( _! slaves4 ,mr4 ,b41 aft] 8 return1 frequ5tly made ! foll[+ /atem5t to g5tlem5 ( 8 acqua9tance1--,t ! plant]s g5]ally decl>$ to him1 t !y 7 oblig$ s to ov]-"w _! slaves dur+ ! sug>-mak+ season1 7f eight to t5 weeks17 z to use !m up 9 sev5 or eight ye>s4 ,=1 said !y1 aft] ! process is comm5c$1 x mu/ be pu%$ )\t cessation1 night & day2 & we _c af=d to keep a suffici5t numb] ( slaves to d ! extra "w at ! "t ( sug>-mak+1 z we c\ld n pr(itably employ !m ! re/ ( ! ye>4 ,x is n only true ( ! sug> plant]s1 b ( ! slavehold]s g5]ally ?r\gh\t ! f> s\? & s\? we/1 t !y believe x = _! int]e/ to we> out ! slaves by excessive toil 9 eight or t5 ye>s aft] !y put !m into ! field4#d ,footnote #d3 ,alex&] ,jones4 ,esq41 a l>ge plant] 9 ,we/ ,feliciana1 ,l\isiana1 publi%$ a communication 9 ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,true ,am]ican1 ,nov4 #be1 #ahch1 9 :i*1 speak+ ( ! horses employ$ 9 ! mills on ! plantations = g9n+ cotton1 he says1 !y are mu* :ipp$ & jad$2 & adds1 ,9 fact1 ?is s]vice is s sev]e on horses1 z to %ort5 _! lives 9 _m in/ances1 if n actually kill !m 9 ge>4 ,^? :o "w "o k9d ( _! live /ock s z to %ort5 _! lives1 or kill !m 9 ge> w\ld n /ick at do+ ! same ?+ to ano!r k9d4 ,,rev4 ,,doctor ,,re$1 ( ,london1 :o w5t ?r\gh ,k5tucky1 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& 9 ! summ] ( #ahcd1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony3 ,i 0 told confid5tly & f excell5t au?ority1 t rec5tly at a meet+ ( plant]s 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ! "q 0 s]i\sly discuss$ :e!r ! slave is m pr(itable to ! own]1 if well f$1 well clo!d1 & work$ lightly1 or if made ! mo/ ( at once1 & exhau/$ 9 "s eight ye>s4 ,! decision 0 9 favor ( ! la/ alt]native4 ,t decision w p]haps make _m %udd]4 ,b to my m9d ?is is n ! *ief evil4 ,! great] & orig9al evil is consid]+ ! slave z prop]ty4 ,if he is only prop]ty & my prop]ty1 !n ,i h "s "r to ask h[ ,i may make t prop]ty mo/ available4 ,visit to ! ,am]ican ,*ur*es1 by ,rev4 ,drs4 ,re$ & ,mat!son4 ,vol4 #b p4 #agc4 ,,rev4 ,,john ,o4 ,,*\les1 rec5tly pa/or ( a ,bapti/ ,*ur* at ,new ,b$=d1 ,massa*usetts1 n[ ( ,buffalo1 ,new ,york1 made sub/antially ! foll[+ /atem5t 9 a spee* 9 ,bo/on4 ,:ile att5d+ ! ,bapti/ ,tri5nial ,conv5tion at ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahce1 z a delegate f ,massa*usetts1 ,i _h a conv]sation on slav]y1 ) an (fic] ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* 9 t city1 at ^: h\se ,i 0 a gue/4 ,i ask$ my ho/ if he did n appreh5d t ! slaves w\ld ev5tually rise & ext]m9ate _! ma/]s4 ,:y1 said ! g5tleman1 ,i us$ to appreh5d su* a cata/rophe1 b ,god has made a provid5tial op5+1 a m]ciful safety valve1 & n[ ,i d n feel al>m$ 9 ! prospect ( :at is com+4 ',:at d y mean1' said ,mr4 ,*\les1 'by provid5ce op5+ a m]ciful safety valve8' ,:y1 said ! g5tleman1 ,i w tell y2 ! slave trad]s come f ! cotton & sug> plantations ( ! ,s\? & are will+ to buy up m slaves ?an we c "p )4 ,we mu/ keep a /ock = ! purpose ( re>+ slaves1 b we "p ) ! mo/ valuable1 & at ! same "t1 ! mo/ dang]\s1 & ! dem& is v con/ant & likely to be s1 = :5 !y g to ^! s\!rn /ates1 ! av]age exi/5ce ,is ,,only ,,five ,,ye>s6 ,monsieur ,c4,c4 ,,rob91 a highly intellig5t ,fr5* g5tleman1 :o resid$ 9 ,l\isiana f #ahjb to #ahjf1 & publi%$ a volume ( travels1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony to ! ov]-work+ ( ! slaves !re3 ,i h be5 a witness1 t aft] ! fatigue ( ! day1 _! labors h be5 prolong$ sev]al h\rs by ! light ( ! moon2 & !n1 be=e !y c\ld ?9k ( re/1 !y mu/ p\nd & cook _! corn2 & yet1 long be=e day1 an implacable scold1 :ip 9 h&1 w\ld ar\se !m f _! slumb]s4 ,?us1 ( m ?an tw5ty negroes1 :o 9 tw5ty ye>s %\ld h d\bl$1 ! numb] 0 r$uc$ to f\r or five4 ,9 conclusion we add1 t slavehold]s h 9 ! mo/ public & emphatic mann] decl>$ !mselves guilty ( b>b>\s inhumanity t[>d _! slaves 9 exact+ f !m su* long cont9u$ daily labor4 ,! ,legislatures ( ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia & ,georgia1 h pass$ laws provid+ t convicts 9 _! /ate prisons & p5it5ti>ies1 %all be employ$ 9 "w ea* day 9 ! ye> except ,sundays1 n exce$+ eight h\rs1 9 ! mon?s ( ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 & ,janu>y2 n9e h\rs1 9 ! mon?s ( ,febru>y & ,octob]1 & t5 h\rs 9 ! re/ ( ! ye>4 ,n[ contra/ ?is legal exaction ( labor f ,,convicts ) ! exaction f slaves z e/abli%$ by ! prec$+ te/imony4 ,! read] p]ceives t ! am\nt ( "t1 9 :i* by ! prec$+ laws ( ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 & ,georgia1 ! convicts 9 _! prisons are requir$ to labor1 is on an av]age dur+ ! ye> b little m ?an ,,n9e ,,h\rs daily4 ,:]eas1 ! laws ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a p]mit ! ma/] to compel 8 slaves to "w ,,fifte5 ,,h\rs 9 ! tw5ty-f\r1 9 summ]1 & ,,f\rte5 9 ! w9t]--:i* w\ld be 9 w9t]1 f daybreak 9 ! morn+ until f\r h\rs aft] sunset6--,see #b ,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bdc4 ,! o!r slave /ates1 except ,l\isiana1 h no laws respect+ ! labor ( slaves1 consequ5tly if ! ma/] %\ld "w 8 slaves day & night )\t sleep till !y drop dead1 he violates no law6 ,! law ( ,l\isiana provides = ! slaves b ,,two ,,& ,a ,,half ,,h\rs 9 ! tw5ty-f\r = re/6 ,see law ( ,l\isiana1 act ( ,july #g #ahjf1 ,m>t9's ,dige/ #f4 #aj--ab4 ,,iii4 ,,clo?+4 ,we propose to %[ "u ?is head1 t ! clo?+ ( ! slaves by day1 & _! cov]+ by night1 are inadequate1 ei!r = com=t or dec5cy4 ,hon4 ,t4,t4 ,b\ld91 a slave-hold]1 & memb] ( ,congress f ,virg9ia 9 a spee* 9 ,congress1 ,feb4 #af1 #ahce4 ,mr4 ,b\ld9 said he knew t _m negroes _h di$ f exposure to wea!r1 & add$1 !y are clad 9 a flimsy fabric1 t w turn nei!r w9d nor wat]4 ,george ,bu*anan1 ,m4,d41 ( ,baltimore1 memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 9 an oration at ,baltimore1 ,july #d1 #agia4 ,! slaves1 nak$ & />v$1 (t5 fall victims to ! inclem5cies ( ! wea!r4 ,wm4 ,sav]y ( ,philadelphia1 an em95t ,m9i/] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 :o w5t ?r\gh ! ,s\!rn /ates 9 #agia1 on a religi\s visit2 aft] leav+ ,savannah1 ,ga41 we f9d ! foll[+ entry 9 8 j\rnal1 #f?1 mon?1 #bh1 #agia4 ,we rode ?r\gh _m rice swamps1 :]e ! blacks 7 v num]\s1 great droves ( ^! poor slaves1 work+ up to ! middle 9 wat]1 m5 & wom5 ne>ly nak$4 ,rev4 ,john ,rank91 ( ,ripley1 ,ohio1 a native ( ,t5nessee4 ,9 e slave-hold+ /ate1 _m slaves suff] extremely1 bo? :ile !y labor & :ile !y sleep1 = want ( clo?+ to keep !m w>m4 ,john ,p>ri%1 late ( ,philadelphia1 a highly e/eem$ m9i/] 9 ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 :o travell$ ?r\gh ! ,s\? 9 #ahjd4 ,x is %ock+ to ! feel+s ( humanity1 9 travell+ ?r\gh "s ( ^? /ates1 to see ^? poor objects1 slaves1 especially 9 ! inclem5t season1 9 rags1 & trembl+ ) ! cold4 ,!y suff] !m1 bo? male & female1 to g )\t clo?+ at ! age ( t5 & twelve ye>s ,rev4 ,ph9eas ,smi?1 ,c5treville1 ,allegany1 ,co41 ,n4,y4 ,mr4 ,s4 has j return$ f a resid5ce ( sev]al ye>s at ! s\?1 *iefly 9 ,virg9ia1 ,l\isiana1 & among ! ,am]ican settl]s 9 ,texas4 ,! app>el ( ! slaves1 is ( ! co>se/ sort & exce$+ly defici5t 9 quantity4 ,i h be5 on _m plantations :]e *ildr5 ( eight & t5 yeas old1 7 9 a /ate ( p]fect nudity4 ,slaves are 9 g5]al wret*$ly clad4 ,wm4 ,ladd1 ,esq41 ( ,m9ot1 ,ma9e1 rec5tly a slavehold] 9 ,florida4 ,!y 7 all[$ two suits ( clo!s a ye>1 viz4 "o pair ( tr[s]s ) a %irt or frock ( osnaburgh = summ]2 & = w9t]1 "o pair ( tr[s]s1 & a jacket ( negro clo?1 ) a baize %irt & a pair ( %oes4 ,"s all[$ hats1 & "s did n2 & !y 7 g5]ally1 ,i believe1 all[$ "o blanket 9 two ye>s4 ,g>m5ts ( simil> mat]ials 7 all[$ ! wom54 ,a ,k5tucky physician1 writ+ 9 ! ,we/]n ,m$ical ,re=m]1 9 #ahcf1 on ! diseases peculi> to slaves1 says4 ,!y are imp]fectly clo!d bo? summ] & w9t]4 ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,e4 ,maltby1 ,inspector ( provisions1 ,sk5eateles1 ,n4,y41 :o resid$ sometime 9 ,alabama4 ,i 0 at ,huntsville1 ,alabama1 9 #ahah-ai1 ,i frequ5tly saw slaves on & ar\nd ! public squ>e1 ) h>dly a rag ( clo?+ on !m1 & 9 a great _m in/ances ) b a s+le g>m5t bo? 9 summ] & 9 w9t]2 g5]ally ! only b$d+ ( ! slaves 0 a blanket4 ,reub5 ,g4 ,macy1 ,hudson1 ,n4,y4 memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 :o resid$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 #ahah & #ai4 ,_! clo?+ consi/$ ( a pair ( tr[s]s & jacket1 made ( 'negro clo?4' ,! wom5 a petticoat1 a v %ort '%ort-g[n1' & no?+ else1 ! same k9d ( clo?2 "s ( ! wom5 _h an old pair ( %oes1 b !y g5]ally w5t b>efoot4 ,mr4 ,lemuel ,sap+ton1 ( ,lanca/]1 ,pa41 a native ( ,m>yl&1 & =m]ly a slavehold]4 ,_! clo?+ is (t5 made by !mselves aft] night1 ?\gh sometimes assi/$ by ! old wom51 :o are no long] able to d out-door "w2 consequ5tly x is h>% & uncom=table4 ,& ,i h v frequ5tly se5 ^? :o _h n atta9$ ! age ( twelve ye>s g nak$4 ,philemon ,bliss1 ,esq41 a lawy] 9 ,elyria1 ,ohio1 :o liv$ 9 ,florida 9 #ahcd & #ce4 ,x is v common to see ! y\ng] class ( slaves up to eight or t5 )\t any clo?+1 & mo/ g5]ally ! labor+ m5 we> no %irts 9 ! w>m season4 ,! p]fect nudity ( ! y\ng] slaves is s famili> to ! :ites ( bo? sexes1 t !y seem to witness x ) p]fect indiff]5ce4 ,i may add t ! ag$ & feeble (t5 suff] f cold4 ,ri*>d ,macy1 a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 ,hudson1 ,n4,y41 :o has liv$ 9 ,georgia4 ,= b$d+ ea* slave 0 all[$ "o blanket1 9 :i* !y roll$ !mselves up4 ,i exam9$ _! h\ses1 b c\ld n f9d any ?+ l a b$4 ,w4,c4 ,gild]sleeve1 ,esq41 ,wilkesb>re1 ,pa41 a native ( ,georgia4 ,x is an e day sight to see wom5 z well z m51 ) no o!r cov]+ ?an a few fil?y rags fa/5$ above ! hips1 rea*+ midway to ! ankles4 ,i nev] knew any k9d ( cov]+ = ! head giv54 ,*ildr5 ( bo? sexes1 f infancy to t5 ye>s are se5 9 companies on ! plantations1 9 a /ate ( p]fect nudity4 ,?is 0 s common t ! mo/ ref9$ & delicate beheld !m unmov$4 ,mr4 ,william ,leftwi*1 a native ( ,virg9ia1 n[ a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 9 ,delhi1 ,ohio4 ,! only b$d+ ( ! slaves g5]ally consi/s ( two old blankets4 ,adv]tisem5ts l ! foll[+ f ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,may #ca1 #ahcg1 are common 9 ! s\!rn pap]s4 #aj ,,doll>s ,,rew>d4--,ranaway1 ! slave ,,solomon1 ab\t #bh ye>s ( age2 ,,badly ,,clo!d4 ,! above rew>d w be paid on application to ,,f]n&ez ,,:it+1 ,no4 #bj1 ,/4 ,l\is ,/4 ,,ranaway f ! subscrib] ! negress ,,fanny1 always badly dress$1 %e is ab\t #be or #bf ye>s old4 ,,john ,,maco91 #aag ,s4 ,ann /4 ,! ,d>i5 7,ga471 ,telegraph1 ( ,jan4 #bd1 #ahcg1 9 an editorial article1 hitt+ (f ! ari/ocracy ( ! plant]s1 incid5tally lets out "s secrets1 ab\t ! usual clo?+ ( ! slaves4 ,! editor says1--,! plant] looks d[n1 ) ! mo/ sov]eign contempt1 on ! m]*ant & ! /orekeep]4 ,he deems himself a "l1 because he gets 8 two or ?ree ,,ragg$ s]vants1 to r[ him to 8 plantation e day1 t he may inspect ! labor ( 8 h&s4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f a lett] lately receiv$ f ,rev4 ,c4,s4 ,,r5%aw1 ( ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois4 ,i am sorry to be oblig$ to give m te/imony )\t ! "n4 ,an individual 9 :om ,i h great confid5ce1 gave me ! foll[+ facts4 ,t ,i am n alone 9 plac+ confid5ce 9 him1 ,i subjo9 a te/imonial f ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,eells1 ,deacon ( ! ,congregational ,*ur*1 ( ,qu9cy1 & ,rev4 ,mr4 ,fi%]1 ,bapti/ ,m9i/] ( ,qu9cy4 ,we h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! bro!r :o has communicat$ to y "s facts t fell "u 8 obs]vation1 :il/ 9 8 native /ate2 he is a pr(ess$ foll[] ( our ,"l1 & we h great confid5ce 9 him z a man ( integrity1 discretion1 & /rict ,*ri/ian pr9ciple4 ,,ri*>d ,,eells4 ,,ezra ,,fi%]4 ,qu9cy1 ,jan4 #i?1 #ahci4 ,,te/imony4--,i liv$ = ?irty ye>s 9 ,virg9ia1 & h travell$ ext5sively ?r\gh ,fauqui]1 ,culpepp]1 ,jeff]son1 ,/af=d1 ,albem>le & ,*>lotte ,c\nties2 my rem>ks apply to ^! ,c\nties4 ,! negro h\ses are mis]ably poor1 g5]ally !y are a %elt] f nei!r ! w9d1 ! ra91 nor ! sn[1 & ! e>? is ! floor4 ,!re are exceptions to ?is rule1 b !y are only exceptions2 y may sometimes see pun*eon floor1 b nev]1 or almo/ nev] a plank floor4 ,! slaves are g5]ally )\t b$s or b$/eads2 "s few h cribs t !y fa/5 up = !mselves 9 ! corn] ( ! hut4 ,_! b$-clo!s are a ne/ ( rags ?r[n ^u a crib1 or 9 ! corn]2 sometimes !re are ?ree or f\r families 9 "o small cab94 ,:]e ! slavehold]s h m ?an "o family1 !y put !m 9 ! same qu>t] till x is fill$1 !n build ano!r4 ,i h se5 exceptions to ?is1 :5 only "o family w\ld occupy a hut1 & :]e 7 tol]ably com=table b$-clo!s4 ,mo/ ( ! slaves 9 ^! c\nties are mis]ably clad4 ,i h kn[n slaves :o w5t )\t %oes all w9t]1 p]fectly b>efoot4 ,! feet ( _m ( !m are froz54 ,z a g5]al fact ! plant]s d n s]ve out to _! slaves1 draw]s1 or any "u clo?+1 or ve/s1 or ov]coats4 ,slaves sometimes1 by work+ at night & on ,sundays1 get bett] ?+s ?an _! ma/]s s]ve to !m4 ,:il/ ^! ?+s are true ( field-h&s1 x is also true t _m slavehold]s clo! _! wait]s & coa*m5 l g5tlem54 ,i d n ?9k !re is any diff]5ce betwe5 ! slaves ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians & o!rs2 at all ev5ts1 x is s small z to be sc>cely noticeable4 ,i h se5 m5 & wom5 at "w 9 ! field m ?an half nak$3 & m ?an once 9 pass+1 :5 ! ov]se] 0 n ne>1 !y w\ld /op & draw r\nd !m a tatt]$ coat or "s ribbons ( a skirt to hide _! nak$ness & %ame f ! /rang]'s eye4 ,mr4 ,,george ,w4 ,,we/gate1 a memb] ( ! ,congregational ,*ur* 9 ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 :o has sp5t ! l>g] "p ( twelve ye>s navigat+ ! riv]s ( ! s\?-we/]n slave /ates ) keel boats1 z a trad]1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony z to ! clo?+ & lodg+ ( ! slaves4 ,9 l[] ,t5nessee1 ,mississippi & ,l\isiana1 ! clo?+ ( ! slaves is wret*$ly poor2 & gr[s worse z y g s\?1 9 ! ord] ( ! /ates ,i h nam$4 ,! only mat]ial is cotton bagg+1 i4e4 bagg+ 9 :i* cotton is bal$1 n bagg+ made ( cotton4 ,9 ,l\isiana1 especially 9 ! l[] c\ntry1 ,i h frequ5tly se5 !m ) no?+ b a tatt]$ coat1 n suffici5t to hide _! nak$ness4 ,9 w9t] _! clo?+ seldom s]ves ! purpose ( com=t1 & frequ5tly n ev5 ( dec5t cov]+4 ,9 ,l\isiana ! plant]s nev] ?9k ( s]v+ out %oes to slaves4 ,9 ,mississippi !y give "o pair a ye> g5]ally4 ,i nev] saw or he>d ( an in/ance ( ma/]s all[+ !m /ock+s4 ,a small poor blanket is g5]ally ! only b$-clo?+1 & ?is !y frequ5tly we> 9 ! field :5 !y h n suffici5t clo?+ to hide _! nak$ness or to keep !m w>m4 ,_! mann] ( sleep+ v>ies ) ! season4 ,9 hot wea!r !y /ret* !mselves any:]e & sleep4 ,z x becomes cool !y roll !mselves 9 _! blankets1 & lay scatt]$ ab\t ! cab94 ,9 cold wea!r !y ne/le toge!r ) _! feet t[>ds ! fire1 promiscu\sly4 ,z a g5]al fact ! e>? is _! only floor & b$--n "o 9 t5 h any?+ l a b$/ead1 & !n x is a m]e bunk put up by !mselves4 ,mr4 ,,george ,a4 ,,av]y1 an eld] 9 ! f\r? ,congregational ,*ur*1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y41 :o sp5t f\r ye>s 9 ,virg9ia1 says1 ,! slave *ildr51 v commonly ( bo? sexes1 up to ! ages ( eight & t5 ye>s1 & ,i ?9k 9 "s in/ances beyond ?is age1 g 9 a /ate ( disgu/+ nudity4 ,i h (t5 se5 !m ) _! t[ %irt 7_! only article ( summ] clo?+7 :i*1 to all human appe>ance1 _h n be5 tak5 (f f ! "t x 0 fir/ put on1 worn (f f ! bottom upw>ds %r$ by %r$1 until no?+ rema9$ b ! /raps :i* pass$ ov] _! %\ld]s1 & ! less expos$ portions ext5d+ a v little way bel[ ! arms1 leav+ ! pr9cipal "p ( ! *e/1 z well z ! limbs1 entirely uncov]$4 ,,samuel ,,ellison1 a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 =m]ly ( ,s\?ampton ,co41 ,virg9ia1 n[ ( ,m>lbor\gh1 ,/>k ,co41 ,ohio1 says1 ,i knew a ,me?odi/ :o 0 ! own] ( a numb] ( slaves4 ,! *ildr5 ( bo? sexes1 belong+ to him1 "u twelve ye>s ( age1 7 entirely de/itute ( clo?+4 ,i h se5 an old man compell$ to labor 9 ! fields1 n hav+ rags en\gh to cov] 8 nak$ness4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,,lyman1 late pa/or ( ! ,free ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 9 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y41 9 describ+ a t\r d[n & up ! ,mississippi riv] 9 ! w9t] ( #ahcb-c1 says1 ,at ! wood y>ds :]e ! boats /op1 x is n uncommon to see female slaves employ$ 9 c>ry+ wood4 ,_! dress :i* 0 q uni=m 0 provid$ )\t any ref]5ce to com=t4 ,!y _h no cov]+ = _! heads2 ! /uff :i* con/itut$ ! out] g>m5t 0 sackclo?1 simil> to t 9 :i* br[n dome/ic goods are done up4 ,x 0 !n ,decemb]1 & ,i ?\ght t 9 su* a dress1 & be+ z !y 71 )\t /ock+s1 !y mu/ suff] f ! cold4 ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,cl5d5on1 ,col]a91 ,lanca/] ,co41 ,pa41 a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 9 a rec5t lett] describ+ a %ort t\r ?r\gh ! nor!rn "p ( ,m>yl& 9 ! w9t] ( #ahcf1 ?us speaks ( a place a few miles f ,*e/]t[n4 ,ab\t ?is place !re 7 a numb] ( slaves2 v few1 if any1 _h ei!r /ock+s or %oes2 ! wea!r 0 int5sely cold1 & ! gr\nd cov]$ ) sn[4 ,! late ,major ,/odd>d ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' artill]y1 :o took possession ( ,l\isiana = ! ,u4,s4 gov]nm5t1 "u ! cession ( #ahjd1 publi%$ a book entitl$ ,sket*es ( ,l\isiana1 9 :i*1 speak+ ( ! plant]s ( ,l[] ,l\isiana1 he says1 ,few ( !m all[ any clo?+ to _! slaves4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ! ,w ( ! late celebrat$ ,john ,r&olph ( ,virg9ia4 ,to my old & fai?ful s]vants1 ,essex & 8 wife ,hetty1 ,i give & bequea? a pair ( /rong %oes1 a suit ( clo!s & a blanket ea*1 to be paid !m annually2 also an annual hat to ,essex4 ,no ,virg9ia slavehold] has ev] _h a bett] "n z a k9d ma/]1 & good provid] = 8 slaves1 ?an ,john ,r&olph4 ,essex & ,hetty 7 favorite s]vants1 & ! memory ( ! long uncomp5sat$ s]vices ( ^? old & fai?ful s]vants1 seems to h t\*$ _! ma/]'s he>t4 ,n[ z ?is ma/] 0 ,john ,r&olph1 & z ^? s]vants 7 fai?ful1 & favorite s]vants1 advanc$ 9 ye>s1 & worn out 9 8 s]vice1 & z _! all[ance 01 9 _! ma/]'s eyes1 ( suffici5t mom5t to con/itute a p>agraph 9 8 la/ w & te/am5t1 x is fair to inf] t x w\ld be v lib]al1 f> bett] ?an ! ord9>y all[ance = slaves4 ,n[ we leave ! read] to judge :at mu/ be ! usual all[ance ( clo?+ to common field slaves 9 ! h&s ( common ma/]s1 :5 ,essex & ,hetty1 ! old & fai?ful slaves ( ,john ,r&olph1 7 provid$1 9 8 la/ w & te/am5t1 ) b "o suit ( clo!s annually1 ) b "o blanket ea* = b$d+1 ) no /ock+s1 nor socks1 nor cloaks1 nor ov]coats1 nor h&k]*iefs1 nor t[els1 & ) no *ange ei!r ( "u or outside g>m5ts6 ,,iv4 ,,dwell+s4 ,,! ,,slaves ,,are ,,wret*$ly ,,%elt]$ ,,& ,,lodg$4 ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,e4 ,maltby4 ,inspector ( provisions1 ,skaneateles1 ,n4,y4 :o has liv$ 9 ,alabama4 ,! huts :]e ! slaves slept1 g5]ally conta9$ b "o ap>tm5t1 & t )\t floor4 ,mr4 ,george ,a4 ,av]y1 eld] ( ! #d? ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y4 :o liv$ f\r ye>s 9 ,virg9ia4 ,among/ all ! negro cab9s :i* ,i saw 9 ,va41 ,i _c call to m9d "o 9 :i* !re 0 any o!r floor ?an ! e>?2 any ?+ t a nor!rn labor]1 or me*anic1 :ite or color$1 w\ld call a b$1 nor a solit>y p>tition1 to sep>ate ! sexes4 ,william ,ladd1 ,esq41 ,m9ot1 ,ma9e4 ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,peace ,society1 =m]ly a slavehold] 9 ,florida4 ,! dwell+s ( ! slaves 7 palmetto huts1 built by !mselves ( /akes & poles1 ?at*$ ) ! palmetto leaf4 ,! door1 :5 !y _h any1 0 g5]ally ( ! same mat]ials1 sometimes bo>ds f\nd on ! bea*4 ,!y _h no floors1 no sep>ate ap>tm5ts1 except ! gu9ea negroes _h sometimes a small inclosure = _! 'god h\se4' ,^! huts ! slaves built !mselves aft] task & on ,sundays4 ,rev4 ,joseph ,m4 ,sadd1 ,pa/or ,pres4 ,*ur*1 ,ca/ile1 ,gre5e ,co41 ,n4,y41 :o liv$ 9 ,miss\ri five ye>s previ\s to #ahcg4 ,! slaves live g5]ally 9 mis]able huts1 :i* are )\t floors1 & h a s+le ap>tm5t only1 :]e bo? sexes are h]d$ promiscu\sly toge!r4 ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,we/gate1 memb] ( ! ,congregational ,*ur* 9 ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 :o has sp5t a numb] ( ye>s 9 slave /ates4 ,on old plantations1 ! negro qu>t]s are ( frame & clapbo>ds1 seldom af=d+ a com=table %elt] f w9d or ra92 _! size v>ies f #h by #aj1 to #aj by #ab1 feet1 & six or eight feet high2 sometimes !re is a hole cut = a w9d[1 b ,i nev] saw a sa%1 or glass 9 any4 ,9 ! new c\ntry1 & 9 ! woods1 ! qu>t]s are g5]ally built ( logs1 ( simil> dim5sions4 ,mr4 ,cornelius ,johnson1 a memb] ( a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ,f>m+ton1 ,ohio4 ,mr4 ,j4 liv$ 9 ,mississippi 9 #ahcg-h4 ,_! h\ses 7 commonly built ( logs1 sometimes !y 7 fram$1 (t5 !y _h no floor1 "s ( !m h two ap>tm5ts1 commonly b "o2 ea* ( ^? ap>tm5ts conta9$ a family4 ,sometimes ^! families consi/$ ( a man & 8 wife & *ildr51 :ile 9 o!r in/ances p]sons ( bo? sexes1 7 ?r[n toge!r )\t any reg>d to family relation%ip4 ,! ,we/]n ,m$ical ,re=m]1 9 an article on ! ,ca*exia ,africana by a ,k5tucky physician1 ?us speaks ( ! huts ( ! slaves4 ,!y are cr[d$ toge!r 9 a small hut1 & sometimes hav+ an imp]fect1 & sometimes no floor1 & seldom rais$ f ! gr\nd1 ill v5tilat$1 & surr\nd$ ) fil?4 ,mr4 ,william ,leftwi*1 a native ( ,virg9ia1 b has resid$ mo/ ( 8 life 9 ,madison1 ,co4 ,alabama4 ,! dwell+s ( ! slaves are log huts1 f #aj to #ab feet squ>e1 (t5 )\t w9d[s1 doors1 or floors1 !y h nei!r *airs1 table1 or b$/ead4 ,reub5 ,l4 ,macy ( ,hudson1 ,n4,y4 a memb] ( ! ,religi\s ,society ( ,fri5ds4 ,he liv$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a 9 #ahah-ai4 ,! h\ses = ! field slaves 7 ab\t #ad feet squ>e1 built 9 ! co>se/ mann]1 ) "o room1 )\t any *imney or floor+1 ) a hole 9 ! ro( to let ! smoke out4 ,mr4 ,lemuel ,sap+ton ( ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 a native ( ,m>yl&1 =m]ly a slavehold]4 ,! descriptions g5]ally giv5 ( negro qu>t]s1 are correct2 ! qu>t]s are )\t floors1 & n suffici5t to keep (f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r2 !y are uncom=table bo? 9 summ] & w9t]4 ,rev4 ,john ,rank91 a native ( ,t5nessee4 ,:5 !y return to _! mis]able huts at night1 !y f9d n !re ! means ( com=table re/2 b on ! cold gr\nd !y mu/ lie )\t cov]+1 & %iv] :ile !y slumb]4 ,philemon ,bliss1 ,esq4 ,elyria1 ,ohio1 :o liv$ 9 ,florida1 9 #ahce4 ,! dwell+s ( ! slaves are usually small op5 log huts1 ) b "o ap>tm5t1 & v g5]ally )\t floors4 ,mr4 ,w4,c4 ,gild]sleeve1 ,wilkesb>re1 ,pa41 a native ( ,georgia4 ,_! huts 7 g5]ally put up )\t a nail1 frequ5tly )\t floors1 & ) a s+le ap>tm5t4 ,hon4 ,r4,j4 ,turnbull1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 a slavehold]4 ,! slaves live 9 clay cab9s4 ,v4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,sick4 ,,! ,,slaves ,,suff] ,,f ,,human ,,neglect ,,:5 ,,sick ,9 pro( ( ?is we subjo9 ! foll[+ te/imony3 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,*ann+ ( ,bo/on1 :o once resid$ 9 ,virg9ia1 relates ! foll[+ fact 9 8 "w on slav]y1 page #afc1 #a/ edition4 ,i _c =get my feel+s on visit+ a hospital belong+ to ! plantation ( a g5tleman highly e/eem$ = 8 virtues1 & ^: mann]s & conv]sation express$ mu* b5evol5ce & consci5ti\sness4 ,:5 ,i ent]$ ) him ! hospital1 ! fir/ object on :i* my eye fell 0 a "y woman1 v ill1 probably approa*+ dea?4 ,%e 0 /ret*$ on ! floor4 ,h] head re/$ on some?+ l a pill[2 b h] body & limbs 7 ext5d$ on ! h>d bo>ds4 ,! own]1 ,i d\bt n1 _h at lea/ z mu* k9dness z myself2 b he 0 s us$ to see ! slaves liv+ )\t common com=ts1 t ! idea ( unk9dness 9 ! pres5t in/ance did n ent] 8 m9d4 ,?is dy+ "y woman 0 /ret*$ on ! floor--h] body & limbs ext5d$ ^u ! h>d bo>ds1--& yet h] ma/] 0 highly e/eem$ = 8 virtues1 & 8 g5]al demeanor produc$ ^u ,dr4 ,*ann+ ! impression ( b5evol5ce & consci5ti\sness ,if ! sick & dy+ female slaves ( su* a ma/]1 suff] su* b>b>\s neglect1 ^: he>t does n fail him1 at ! ?\ght ( t inhumanity1 ex]cis$ by ! majority ( slavehold]s1 t[>ds _! ag$1 sick1 & dy+ victims4 ,! foll[+ te/imony is furni%$ by ,,s>ah ,m4 ,,grimk1 a si/] ( ! late ,hon4 ,?omas ,s4 ,grimk1 ( ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,:5 ! ,ladies' ,b5evol5t ,society 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c41 ( :i* ,i 0 a visit+ commission]1 fir/ w5t into op]ation1 we 7 appli$ to = ! relief ( sev]al sick & ag$ color$ p]sons2 "o case ,i p>ticul>ly rememb]1 ( an ag$ woman :o 0 dreadfully burnt f hav+ fall5 into ! fire2 %e 0 liv+ ) "s free blacks :o _h tak5 h] 9 out ( compassion4 ,on inquiry1 we f\nd t ne>ly all ! color$ p]sons :o _h solicit$ aid1 7 slaves1 :o be+ no long] able to "w = _! own]s1 7 ?us inhumanly ca/ out 9 _! sickness & old age1 & mu/ h p]i%$1 b = ! k9dness ( _! fri5ds4 ,i 0 once visit+ a sick slave 9 ^: spiritual welf>e peculi> circum/ances _h l$ me to be deeply int]e/$4 ,i knew t %e _h be5 e>ly s$uc$ f ! pa? ( virtue1 z ne>ly all ! female slaves are4 ,i knew also t h] mi/ress1 ?\gh a pr(essor ( religion1 _h nev] taught h] a s+le precept ( ,*ri/ianity1 yet t %e _h _h h] sev]ely puni%$ = ?is dep>ture f !m1 & t ! poor girl 0 !n ill ( an incurable disease1 occasion$ p>tly by h] own misconduct1 & p>tly by ! cruel treatm5t %e _h receiv$1 9 a situation t call$ = t5d]ness & c>e4 ,h] he>t seem$ truly t\*$ ) rep5tance = h] s9s1 & %e 0 inquir+1 ,:at %all ,i d to be sav$8 ,i 0 sitt+ by h] z %e lay on ! floor ^u a blanket1 & 0 try+ to e/abli% h] trembl+ _s 9 ! fullness ( ,jesus1 :5 ,i he>d ! voice ( h] mi/ress 9 l\d & angry tones1 z %e approa*$ ! door4 ,i read 9 ! c\nt5ance ( ! pro/rate suff]]1 ! t]ror :i* %e felt at ! prospect ( see+ h] mi/ress4 ,i knew my pres5ce w\ld be v unwelcome1 b /aid hop+ t x might re/ra91 9 "s measure1 ! passions ( ! mi/ress4 ,9 ?is1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 mi/ak52 %e pass$ me )\t app>5tly obs]v+ t ,i 0 !re1 & seat$ h]self on ! o!r side ( ! sick slave4 ,%e made no inquiry h[ %e 01 b 9 a tone ( ang] comm5c$ a tirade ( abuse1 viol5tly reproa*+ h] ) h] pa/ misconduct1 & tell+ h] 9 ! mo/ unfeel+ mann]1 t et]nal de/ruction await$ h]4 ,no ^w ( k9dness escap$ h]4 ,:at _h !n r\s$ h] temp] ,i d n "k4 ,%e cont9u$ 9 ?is /ra9 sev]al m9utes1 :5 ,i attempt$ to s(t5 h] by rem>k+1 t ------ 0 v ill1 & %e ought n ?us to torm5t h]1 & t ,i believ$ ,jesus _h grant$ h] =giv5ess4 ,b ,i might z well h tri$ to /op ! tempe/ 9 its c>e]1 z to calm ! infuriat$ passions nurtur$ by ! ex]cise ( arbitr>y p[]4 ,%e look$ at me ) ineffable scorn1 & cont9u$ to p\r =? a torr5t ( abuse & reproa*4 ,h] helpless victim li/5$ 9 t]rifi$ sil5ce1 until nature c\ld endure no m1 :5 %e utt]$ a wild %riek1 & ca/+ on h] torm5tor a look ( unutt]able agony1 exclaim$1 ,oh1 mi/ress1 ,i am dy+4 ,?is appeal arre/$ h] att5tion1 & %e soon left ! room1 b 9 ! same _s ) :i* %e ent]$ x4 ,! girl surviv$ b a few days1 &1 ,i believe1 saw h] mi/ress no m ,mr4 ,,george ,a4 ,,av]y1 an eld] ( a ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y41 :o liv$ "s ye>s 9 ,virg9ia1 gives ! foll[+3 ,! mann] ( treat+ ! sick slaves1 & especially 9 *ronic cases1 0 to my m9d peculi>ly revolt+4 ,my opportunities = obs]vation 9 ?is dep>tm5t 7 bett] ?an 91 p]haps1 any o!r1 z ! fri5d "u ^: direction ,i comm5c$ my m$ical /udies1 enjoy$ a high reputation z a surgeon4 ,i rode consid]ably ) him 9 8 practice1 & assi/$ 9 ! surgical op]ations & dress+s f "t to "t4 ,9 confirm$ cases ( disease1 x 0 common = ! ma/] to place ! subject "u ! c>e ( a physician or surgeon1 at ^: exp5se ! pati5t %\ld be kept1 & if dea? ensu$ to ! pati5t1 or ! disease 0 n cur$1 no comp5sation 0 to be made1 b if cur$ a bonus ( "o1 two1 or ?ree hundr$ doll>s 0 to be giv54 ,no provision 0 made aga9/ ! b>b>ity or neglect ( ! physician1 c4 ,i h se5 fifte5 or tw5ty ( ^! helpless suff]]s cr[d$ toge!r 9 ! true _s ( slavehold+ inhumanity1 l ! brutes t p]i%1 & driv5 f "t to "t l brutes into a common y>d1 :]e !y _h to suff] any & e op]ation & exp]im5t1 :i* int]e/1 caprice1 or pr(essional curiosity might prompt1--unre/ra9$ by law1 public s5tim5t1 or ! claims ( common humanity4 ,rev4 ,,william ,t4 ,,allan1 son ( ,rev4 ,dr4 ,allan1 a slavehold]1 ( ,huntsville1 ,alabama1 says 9 a lett] n[ be=e u3 ,colonel ,rob]t ,h4 ,watk9s1 ( ,laur5ce c\nty1 ,alabama1 :o own$ ab\t ?ree hundr$ slaves1 aft] employ+ a physician among !m = "s "t1 ceas$ to d s1 alleg+ z ! reason1 t x 0 *eap] to lose a few negroes e ye> ?an to pay a physician4 ,?is ,colonel ,watk9s 0 a ,presid5tial elector 9 #ahcf4 ,a4,a4 ,,gu?rie1 ,esq41 eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* at ,putnam1 ,musk+um c\nty1 ,ohio1 furni%es ! te/imony :i* foll[s4 ,a ne> female fri5d ( m9e 9 company ) ano!r "y lady1 9 attempt+ to visit a sick woman on ,wa%+ton's ,bottom1 ,wood c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 miss$ ! way1 & /opp+ to ask directions ( a gr\p ( color$ *ildr5 on ! outskirts ( ! plantation ( ,francis ,ke51 ,s541 !y 7 told to ask 'aunty1 9 ! h\se4' ,on ent]+ ! hut1 says my in=mant1 ,i beheld su* a sight z ,i hope nev] to see aga92 its sole occupant 0 a female slave ( ! said ,ke5--h] :ole we>+ app>el consi/$ ( a frock1 made ( ! co>se/ t[ clo?1 & s scanty1 t x c\ld n h be5 made m tight ar\nd h] p]son4 ,9 ! hut !re 0 nei!r table1 *air1 nor *e/--a /ool & a rude fixture 9 "o corn]1 7 all its furniture4 ,on ?is la/ 7 a little /raw & a few old remnants ( :at _h be5 b$d+--all exce$+ly fil?y4 ,! woman ?us situat$ _h be5 = m ?an a day 9 travail1 )\t any assi/ance1 any nurse1 or any k9d ( prop] provision--dur+ ! night %e said "s fell[ slave woman w\ld /ay ) h]1 & ! a=esaid *ildr5 ?r\gh ! day4 ,f a woman1 :o 0 a slave ( ,ke5's at ! same "t1 my in=mant le>n$1 t ?is poor woman suff]$ = ?ree days1 & !n di$--:5 too late to save h] life h] ma/] s5t assi/ance4 ,x 0 und]/ood to be a rule ( 81 to neglect 8 wom5 entirely 9 su* times ( trial1 unless !y previ\sly came & in=m$ him1 & ask$ = aid4 ,rev4 ,,ph9eas ,,smi?1 ( ,c5treville1 ,n4,y1 :o has resid$ f\r ye>s at ! s\?1 says3 ,(t5 :5 ! slaves are sick1 _! accu/om$ toil is exact$ f !m4 ,physicians are r>ely call$ = _! b5efit4 ,rev4 ,,horace ,,m\lton1 a m9i/] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal *ur* 9 ,m>lbor\gh1 ,mass41 :o resid$ a numb] ( ye>s 9 ,georgia1 says3 ,ano!r d>k side ( slav]y is ! neglect ( ! ag$ & sick4 ,_m :5 sick1 are suspect$ by _! ma/]s ( feign+ sickness1 & are !re=e :ipp$ out to "w aft] disease has got fa/ hold ( !m2 :5 ! ma/]s le>n1 t !y are really sick1 !y are 9 _m in/ances left alone 9 _! cab9s dur+ "w h\rs2 n a few ( ! slaves are left to die )\t hav+ "o fri5d to wipe (f ! sweat ( dea?4 ,:5 ! slaves are sick1 ! ma/]s d n1 z a g5]al ?+1 employ physicians1 b doctor !m !mselves1 & _! mode ( practice 9 almo/ all cases is to ble$ & give salts4 ,:5 wom5 are conf9$ !y h no physician1 b are committ$ to ! c>e ( slave midwives4 ,slaves compla9 v little :5 sick1 :5 !y die !y are frequ5tly buri$ at night )\t mu* c]emony1 & 9 _m in/ances )\t any2 _! c(f9s are made by nail+ toge!r r\gh bo>ds1 frequ5tly ) _! feet /ick+ out at ! end1 & sometimes !y are put into ! gr\nd )\t a c(f9 or box ( any k9d4 ,,p]sonal ,,n>ratives--,,"p ,,ii4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,rev4 ,,william ,t4 ,,allan1 ,,late ,,( ,,alabama4 ,mr4 ,,allan is a son ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,allan1 a slavehold] & pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* at ,huntsville1 ,alabama4 ,he has rec5tly become ! pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,*a?am1 ,ill9ois4 ,i 0 born & h liv$ mo/ ( my life 9 ! slave /ates1 ma9ly 9 ! village ( ,huntsville1 ,alabama1 :]e my p>5ts /ill reside4 ,i seldom w5t to a plantation1 & z my visits 7 conf9$ almo/ exclusively to ! families ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians1 my p]sonal k ( slav]y1 0 consequ5tly a k ( its faire/ side1 7if faire/ may be pr$icat$ ( f\l47 ,!re 0 "o plantation j opposite my fa!r's h\se 9 ! suburbs ( ,huntsville1 belong+ to ,judge ,smi?1 =m]ly a ,s5ator 9 ,congress f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 n[ ( ,huntsville4 ,! "n ( 8 ov]se] 0 ,tune4 ,i h (t5 se5 him flogg+ ! slaves 9 ! field1 & h (t5 he>d _! cries4 ,sometimes1 too1 ,i h met !m ) ! te>s /ream+ d[n _! faces1 & ! m>ks ( ! :ip1 7':elks1'7 on _! b>e necks & %\ld]s4 ,tune 0 s sev]e 9 8 treatm5t1 t 8 employ] dismiss$ him aft] two or ?ree ye>s1 le/1 x 0 said1 he %\ld kill (f all ! slaves4 ,b he 0 imm$iately employ$ by ano!r plant] 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! foll[+ fact 0 /at$ to me by my bro!r1 ,james ,m4 ,allan1 n[ resid+ at ,ri*mond1 ,h5ry c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 & cl]k ( ! circuit & c\nty c\rts4 ,tune became displeas$ ) "o ( ! wom5 :o 0 pregnant1 he made h] lay d[n ov] a log1 ) h] face t[>ds ! gr\nd1 & beat h] s unm]cifully1 t %e 0 soon aft] deliv]$ ( a dead *ild4 ,my bro!r also /at$ to me ! foll[+1 :i* occurr$ ne> my fa!r's h\se1 & )9 sight & he>+ ( ! academy & public g>d54 ,*>les1 a f9e active negro1 :o belong$ to a bricklay] 9 ,huntsville1 ex*ang$ ! burn+ sun ( ! bricky>d to enjoy = a season ! pleasant %ade ( an adjac5t m\nta94 ,:5 8 ma/] got him back1 he ti$ him by 8 h&s s t 8 feet c\ld j t\* ! gr\nd--/ripp$ (f 8 clo!s1 took a paddle1 bor$ full ( holes1 & paddl$ him leisurely all day long4 ,x 0 two weeks be=e !y c\ld tell :e!r he w\ld live or die4 ,nei!r ( ^! cases attract$ any p>ticul> notice 9 ,huntsville4 ,:ile ,i liv$ 9 ,huntsville a slave 0 kill$ 9 ! m\nta9 ne> by4 ,! circum/ances 7 ^!4 ,a :ite man 7,james ,helton7 hunt+ 9 ! woods1 sudd5ly came ^u a black man1 & comm&$ him to /op1 ! slave kept on runn+1 ,helton fir$ 8 rifle & ! negro 0 kill$4#e ,footnote #e3 ,?is murd] 0 committ$ ab\t twelve ye>s s9ce4 ,at t "t1 ,james ,g4 ,birney1 ,esq41 n[ ,correspond+ ,secret>y ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society 0 ! ,solicitor 7prosecut+ attorney7 = t judicial di/rict4 ,8 views & feel+s ^u ! subject ( slav]y 71 ev5 at t p]iod1 9 advance ( ! mass ( slavehold]s1 & he det]m9$ if possible to br+ ! murd]] to ju/ice4 ,he accord+ly drew up an indictm5t & procur$ ! f9d+ ( a true bill aga9/ ,helton4 ,helton1 mean:ile1 mov$ ov] ! l9e into ! /ate ( ,t5nessee1 & su* 0 ! apa?y ( ! community1 individual ef=t prov$ unavail+2 & ?\gh ! murd]] _h gone no fur!r ?an to an adjo9+ c\nty 7:]e p]haps he /ill resides7 he 0 nev] br\ght to trial4--,,ed4 ,mrs4 ,b>r1 wife ( ,rev4 ,h4 ,b>r ( ,c>rollton1 ,ill9ois1 =m]ly f ,c\rtl&1 ,alabama1 told me la/ spr+1 t %e has v (t5 /opp$ h] e>s t %e might n he> ! screams ( slaves :o 7 "u ! la%1 & t sometimes %e has left h] h\se1 & retir$ to a place m di/ant1 9 ord] to get away f _! agoniz+ cries4 ,i h (t5 se5 gr\ps ( slaves on ! public squ>es 9 ,huntsville1 :o 7 to be sold at auction1 & ,i h (t5 se5 _! te>s gu% =? & _! c\nt5ances di/ort$ ) angui%4 ,a consid]able numb] 7 g5]ally sold publicly e mon?4 ,! foll[+ facts ,i h j tak5 d[n f ! lips ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,turn]1 a regul> & respectable memb] ( ! ,second ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,spr+field1 our c\nty t[n4 ,he 0 born & br\ght up 9 ,c>ol9e c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,he says t ! slaves are nei!r consid]$ nor treat$ z human be+s4 ,"o ( 8 neighbors ^: "n 0 ,b>r1 he says1 on "o occasion /ripp$ a slave & lac]at$ 8 back ) a h&c>d 7= cotton or wool7 & !n wa%$ x ) salt & wat]1 ) pepp] 9 x4 ,mr4 ,turn] saw ?is4 ,he fur!r rem>k$ t he believ$ !re 7 _m slaves !re 9 advanc$ life ^: backs _h nev] be5 well s9ce !y began to "w4 ,he /at$ t "o ( 8 uncles _h kill$ a woman--broke h] skull ) an ax helve3 %e _h insult$ h] mi/ress6 ,no notice 0 tak5 ( ! affair4 ,mr4 ,t4 said1 fur!r1 t slaves 7 frequ5tly murd]$4 ,he m5tion$ ! case ( "o slavehold]1 :om he _h se5 lay 8 slaves on a l>ge log1 :i* he kept = ! purpose1 /rip !m1 tie !m ) ! face d[nw>d1 !n h a kettle ( hot wat] br\ght--take ! paddle1 made ( h>d wood1 & p]=at$ ) holes1 dip x into ! hot wat] & /rike--be=e e bl[ dipp+ x into ! wat]--e hole at e bl[ w\ld raise a ':elk4' ,?is 0 ! usual puni%m5t fur runn+ away4 ,ano!r slavehold] _h a slave :o _h (t5 run away1 & (t5 be5 sev]ely :ipp$4 ,aft] "o ( 8 flogg+s he burnt 8 ma/]'s b>n3 ?is s enrag$ ! man1 t :5 he caught him he took a pair ( p9c]s & pull$ 8 toe nails out4 ,! negro !n murd]$ two ( 8 ma/]'s *ildr54 ,he 0 tak5 aft] a desp]ate pursuit1 7hav+ be5 %ot ?r\gh ! %\ld]7 & hung4 ,"o ( ,mr4 ,turn]'s c\s9s1 0 employ$ z ov]se] on a l>ge plantation 9 ,mississippi4 ,on a c]ta9 morn+ he call$ ! slaves toge!r1 to give "s ord]s4 ,:ile do+ x1 a slave came runn+ out ( 8 cab91 hav+ a knife 9 8 h& & eat+ 8 breakfa/4 ,! ov]se] see+ him com+ ) ! knife1 0 some:at al>m$1 & in/antly rais$ 8 gun & %ot him dead4 ,he said aft]w>ds1 t he believ$ ! slave 0 p]fectly innoc5t ( any evil int5tions1 he came out ha/ily to he> ! ord]s :il/ eat+4 ,no notice 0 tak5 ( ! kill+4 ,mr4 ,t4 relat$ ! :ipp+ habits ( "o ( 8 uncles 9 ,virg9ia4 ,he 0 a weal?y man1 _h a spl5did h\se & gr\nds4 ,a tree 9 8 front y>d1 0 us$ z a :ipp+ po/4 ,:5 a slave 0 to be puni%$1 he w\ld frequ5tly invite "s ( 8 fri5ds1 h a table1 c>ds & w9e set out "u ! %ade2 he w\ld !n flog 8 slave a little :ile1 & !n play c>ds & dr9k ) 8 fri5ds1 occasionally taunt+ ! slave1 giv+ him ! privilege ( confess+ su* & su* ?+s1 at 8 leisure1 aft] a :ile flog him aga91 ?us keep+ x up = h\rs or half ! day1 & sometimes all day4 ,?is 0 8 habit4 ,febru>y #d?4--,s9ce writ+ ! prec$+1 ,i h be5 to ,c>rollton1 on a visit to my uncle1 ,rev4 ,hugh ,b>r1 :o 0 orig9ally f ,t5nessee1 liv$ #ab or #ad ye>s 9 ,c\rtl&1 ,lawr5ce c\nty1 ,alabama1 & mov$ to ,ill9ois 9 #ahce4 ,9 conv]sation ) ! family1 ar\nd ! fireside1 !y /at$ a multitude ( horrid facts1 t 7 p]fectly notori\s 9 ! neighborhood ( ,c\rtl&4 ,william ,p4 ,b>r1 an intellig5t "y man1 & memb] ( 8 fa!r's *ur* 9 ,c>rollton1 /at$ ! foll[+4 ,visit+ at a ,mr4 ,mosely's1 ne> ,c\rtl&1 ,william ,mosely came 9 ) a bloody knife 9 8 h&1 hav+ j /abb$ a negro man4 ,! negro 0 sitt+ quietly 9 a h\se 9 ! village1 keep+ a woman company :o _h be5 left 9 *>ge ( ! h\se1--:5 ,mosely1 pass+ along1 w5t 9 & dem&$ 8 bus9ess !re4 ,probably 8 answ] 0 n z civil z slavehold+ requires1 ,mosely ru%$ ^u him & /abb$ him4 ,! w\nd laid him up = a season4 ,mosley 0 call$ to no acc\nt = x4 ,:5 he came 9 ) ! bloody knife1 he said he wi%$ he _h kill$ him4 ,john ,br[n1 a slavehold]1 & a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,c\rtl&1 ,alabama1 /at$ ! foll[+ a few weeks s9ce1 9 ,c>rollton4 ,a man ne> ,c\rtl&1 ( ! "n ( ,?ompson1 rec5tly %ot a negro woman ?r\gh ! head2 & put ! pi/ol s close t h] hair 0 s+$4 ,he did x 9 consequ5ce ( "s difficulty 9 8 deal+s ) h] z a concub9e4 ,he buri$ h] 9 a log heap2 %e 0 discov]$ by ! buzz>ds ga!r+ ar\nd x4 ,william ,p4 ,b>r /at$ ! foll[+1 z facts well kn[n 9 ! neighborhood ( ,c\rtl&1 b n witness$ by himself4 ,two m51 by ! "n ( ,wilson1 f\nd a f9e look+ negro man at ',d&ridge's ,qu>t]1' )\t a pass2 & flogg$ him s t he di$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,!y 7 n puni%$4 ,col4 ,block]'s ov]se] attempt$ to flog a negro--he refus$ to be flogg$2 :]eupon ! ov]se] seiz$ an axe1 & cleft 8 skull4 ,! ,colonel ju/ifi$ x4 ,"o ,jones :ipp$ a woman to dea? = 'grabbl+' a potato hill4 ,he own$ #hj or #ajj negroes4 ,8 own *ildr5 c\ld n live ) him4 ,a man 9 ! neighborhood ( ,c\rtl&1 ,alabama1 by ! "n ( ,purye>1 0 s prov]bially cruel t among ! negroes he 0 usually call$ '! ,devil4' ,mrs4 ,b>r1 wife ( ,rev4 ,h4 ,b>r1 0 at ,purye>'s h\se1 & saw a negro girl ab\t #ac ye>s old1 wait+ ar\nd ! table1 ) a s+le g>m5t--& t 9 cold wea!r2 arms & feet b>e--feet wret*$ly swoll5--arms burnt1 & full ( sores f exposure4 ,all ! negroes "u 8 c>e made a wret*$ appe>ance4 ,col4 ,rob]t ,h4 ,watk9s _h a runaway slave1 :o 0 call$ ,jim ,dragon4 ,be=e he 0 caught ! la/ "t1 he _h be5 out a ye>1 )9 a few miles ( 8 ma/]'s plantation4 ,he nev] /ole f any "o b 8 ma/]1 except :5 necessity compell$ him4 ,he said he _h a "r to take f 8 ma/]2 & :5 tak51 t he _h1 :il/ out1 se5 8 ma/] a hundr$ times4 ,hav+ be5 :ipp$1 clogg$ ) irons1 & yok$1 he 0 set at "w 9 ! field4 ,col4 ,watk9s work$ ab\t #cjj h&s--g5]ally _h "o negro out hunt+ runaways4 ,aft] employ+ a physician = "s "t among 8 negroes1 he ceas$ to d s1 alleg+ z ! reason1 t x 0 *eap] to lose a few negroes e ye> ?an to pay a physician4 ,he 0 a ,presid5tial elector 9 #ahcf4 ,col4 ,b5 ,%]rod1 ano!r l>ge plant] 9 t neighborhood1 is rem>kable = 8 k9dness to 8 slaves4 ,he said to ,rev4 ,mr4 ,b>r1 t he _h no d\bt he %\ld be rew>d$ 9 heav5 = 8 k9dness to 8 slaves2 & yet 8 ov]se]1 ,walk]1 _h to sleep ) load$ pi/ols1 = fe> ( assass9ation4 ,?ree ( ! slaves attempt$ to kill him once1 because ( 8 treatm5t ( _! wives4 ,old ,major ,billy ,watk9s 0 not$ = 8 sev]ity4 ,i well rememb]1 :5 he liv$ 9 ,madison c\nty1 to h (t5 he>d him yell at 8 negroes ) ! mo/ savage fury4 ,he w\ld /& at 8 h\se1 & wat* ! slaves pick+ cotton2 & if any ( !m /rait5$ _! backs = a mom5t1 8 savage yell w\ld r+1 'b5d y\r backs4' ,mrs4 ,b>r /at$1 t ,mrs4 ,h----1 ( ,c\rtl&1 a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 s5t a little negro girl to jail1 suspect+ t %e _h attempt$ to put poison 9 ! wat] pail4 ,! fact 01 t ! *ild _h f\nd a vial1 & 0 play+ 9 ! wat]4 ,?is same woman 79 high /&+ too17 told ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mc,millan1 t %e c\ld 'cut ,ar?ur ,tappan's ?roat f e> to e>4' ,! clo?+ ( slaves is 9 _m cases com=table1 & 9 _m x is f> f be+ s4 ,i h v (t5 se5 slaves1 ^: tatt]$ rags 7 nei!r com=table nor dec5t4 ,_! huts are sometimes com=table1 b g5]ally !y are mis]able hovels1 :]e male & female are h]d$ promiscu\sly toge!r4 ,z to ! usual all[ance ( food on ! plantations 9 ,nor? ,alabama1 ,i _c speak confid5tly1 f p]sonal k4 ,!re 0 a slave nam$ ,hadley1 :o 0 9 ! habit ( visit+ my fa!r's slaves occasionally4 ,he _h run away sev]al times4 ,8 reason 01 z he /at$1 t !y w\ld n give him any meat--said he c\ld n "w )\t meat4 ,! la/ "t ,i saw him1 he _h q a heavy iron yoke on 8 neck1 ! two prongs twelve or fifte5 in*es long1 ext5d+ out ov] 8 %\ld]s & b5d+ upw>ds4 ,legal m>riage is unkn[n among ! slaves1 !y sometimes h a m>riage =m--g5]ally1 h[ev]1 none at all4 ,! pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,huntsville1 _h two families ( slaves :5 ,i left !re4 ,"o c\ple 7 m>ri$ by a negro prea*]--! man 0 robb$ ( 8 wife a numb] ( mon?s aft]w>ds1 by h] 'own]4' ,! o!r c\ple j 'took up toge!r1' )\t any =m ( m>riage4 ,!y are bo? memb]s ( *ur*es--! man a ,bapti/ deacon1 sob] & correct 9 8 deportm5t4 ,!y h a l>ge family ( *ildr5--all *ildr5 ( concub9age--liv+ 9 a m9i/]'s family4 ,if ^! /atem5ts are deem$ ( any value by y1 9 =w>d+ y\r glori\s ent]prize1 y are at lib]ty to use !m z y please4 ,! great wrong is enslav+ a man2 all o!r wrongs are pigmies1 comp>$ ) t4 ,facts might be ga!r$ abundantly1 to %[ t x is slav]y itself1 & n cruelties m]ely1 t make slaves unhappy4 ,ev5 ^? t are mo/ k9dly treat$1 are g5]ally f> f be+ happy4 ,! slaves 9 my fa!r's family are almo/ z k9dly treat$ z slaves c be1 yet !y pant = lib]ty4 ,may ! ,"l guide y 9 ?is great movem5t4 ,9 behalf ( ! p]i%+1 ,y\r fri5d & bro!r1 ,,william4 ,t4 ,,allan ,,n>rative ,,( ,,mr4 ,,william ,,leftwi*1 ,a ,,native ,,( ,,virg9ia4 ,mr4 ,leftwi* is a gr&son ( ,g54 ,jabez ,leftwi*1 :o 0 = "s ye>s a memb] ( ,congress f ,virg9ia4 ,?\gh born 9 ,virg9ia1 he has resid$ mo/ ( 8 life 9 ,alabama4 ,he n[ lives 9 ,delhi1 ,hamilton c\nty1 ,ohio1 ne> ,c9c9nati4 ,z an introduction to 8 lett]1 ! read] is furni%$ ) ! foll[+ te/imonial to 8 "*1 f ! ,rev4 ,horace ,bu%nell1 pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,delhi4 ,mr4 ,b4 says3 ,mr4 ,leftwi* is a wor?y memb] ( ?is *ur*1 & is a "y man ( /]l+ integrity & v]acity4 ,h4 ,,bu%nell4 ,! foll[+ is ! lett] ( ,mr4 ,leftwi*1 dat$ ,dec4 #bf1 #ahch4 ,de> ,bro!r--,i am n rank$ among ! abolitioni/s1 yet ,i _c1 z a fri5d ( humanity1 )hold f ! public su* facts 9 relation to ! condition ( ! slaves1 z h fall5 "u my own obs]vation4 ,t ,i am some:at acqua9t$ ) slav]y w be se51 z ,i n>rate "s incid5ts ( my own life4 ,my p>5ts 7 slavehold]s1 & mov$ f ,virg9ia to ,madison c\nty1 ,alabama1 dur+ my infancy4 ,my "m soon fell a victim to ! climate4 ,be+ ! y\nge/ ( ! *ildr51 ,i 0 left 9 ! c>e ( my ag$ gr&fa!r1 :o nev] held a slave1 ?\gh 8 sons own$ f #ij to #ajj dur+ ! "t ,i resid$ ) him4 ,z soon z ,i c\ld c>ry a hoe1 my uncle1 by ! "n ( ,neely1 p]suad$ my gr&fa!r t ,i %\ld be plac$ 9 8 h&s1 & br\ght up 9 habits ( indu/ry4 ,i 0 accord+ly plac$ "u 8 tuition4 ,i left ! dome/ic circle1 little dream+ ( ! horrors t await$ me4 ,my "m's own bro!r took me to ! cotton field1 !re to le>n habits ( indu/ry1 & to be b5efit$ by 8 c\nsels4 ,b ! sequel prov$1 t ,i 0 !re to feel 9 my own p]son1 & witness by exp]i5ce _m ( ! horrors ( slav]y4 ,in/ead ( k9d admonition1 ,i 0 to endure ! fr[ns ( "o1 ^: sympa?ies c\ld nei!r be rea*$ by ! pray]s & cries ( 8 slaves1 nor by ! entreaties & suff]+s ( a si/]'s son4 ,let ^? :o call slavehold]s k9d1 hospitable & humane1 m>k ! c\rse ! slavehold] pursues ) "o born free1 ^: ance/ors f\ght & bl$ = lib]ty2 & !n say1 if !y c )\t a blu% ( %ame1 t he :o robs ! helpless ( e "r1 c be truly k9d & hospitable4 ,9 a %ort "t aft] ,i 0 put ^u ! plantation1 !re 0 b little diff]5ce betwe5 me & ! slaves1 except be+ :ite1 ,i ate at ! ma/]'s table4 ,! slaves 7 my companions 9 mis]y1 & ,i well le>n$ _! condition1 bo? 9 ! h\se & field4 ,_! dwell+s are log huts1 f t5 to twelve feet squ>e2 (t5 )\t w9d[s1 doors or floors4 ,!y h nei!r *airs1 tables or b$/eads4 ,^! huts are occupi$ by eight1 t5 or twelve p]sons ea*4 ,_! b$d+ g5]ally consi/s ( two old blankets4 ,_m ( !m sleep night aft] night sitt+ ^u _! blocks or /ools2 o!rs sleep 9 ! op5 air4 ,our task 0 appo9t$1 & f dawn till d>k all mu/ b5d to _! "w4 ,_! meals 7 tak5 )\t knife or plate1 di% or spoon4 ,_! food 0 corn pone1 prep>$ 9 ! co>se/ mann]1 ) a small all[ance ( meat4 ,_! meals 9 ! field 7 tak5 f ! h&s ( ! c>ri]1 :]ev] he f\nd !m1 ) no m c]emony ?an 9 ! fe$+ ( sw9e4 ,my uncle 0 8 own ov]se]4 ,= puni%+ 9 ! field1 he pref]r$ a l>ge hickory /ick2 & wo to him ^: "w 0 n done to please him1 = ! hickory 0 us$ ^u our heads z remorselessly z if we _h be5 mad dogs4 ,i 0 (t5 ! object ( 8 fury1 & %all be> ! m>ks ( x on my body till ,i die4 ,su* 0 my suff]+ & degradation1 t at ! end ( five ye>s1 ,i h>dly d>$ to say ,i 0 free4 ,:5 ?9n+ cotton1 we w5t mo/ly on our knees4 ,"o day1 :ile ?us engag$1 my uncle f\nd my r[ beh9d2 &1 by way ( admonition1 gave me a few bl[s ) 8 hickory1 ! m>ks ( :i* ,i c>ri$ = weeks4 ,(t5 ,i foll[$ ! example ( ! fugitive slaves1 & betook myself to ! m\nta9s2 b hung] & fe> drove me back1 to %>e ) ! wret*$ slave 8 toil & /ripes4 ,b ,i h talk$ en\gh ab\t my own bondage2 ,i w n[ relate a few facts1 %[+ ! condition ( ! slaves g5]ally4 ,my uncle wi%+ to pur*ase :at is call$ a good 'h\se w5*1' a trad] 9 human fle% soon produc$ a woman1 recomm5d+ h] z highly z ev] a jockey did a horse4 ,%e 0 pur*as$1 b on trial 0 f\nd want+ 9 ! requisite qualifications4 ,%e !n fell a victim to ! disappo9t$ rage ( my uncle2 innoc5t or guilty1 %e suff]$ greatly f 8 fury4 ,he us$ to tie h] to a pea* tree 9 ! y>d1 & :ip h] till !re 0 no s\nd place to lay ano!r /roke1 & repeat x s (t5 t h] back 0 kept cont9ually sore4 ,:ipp+ ! females ar\nd ! legs1 0 a favorite mode ( puni%m5t ) him4 ,!y mu/ /& & hold up _! clo!s1 :ile he pli$ 8 hickory4 ,he did n1 l "s ( 8 neighbors1 keep a pack ( h\nds = hunt+ runaway negroes1 b be kept "o dog = t purpose1 & :5 he came up ) a runaway1 x w\ld h be5 dea? to attempt to fly1 & x 0 ne>ly s to /&4 ,sometimes1 :5 my uncle attempt$ to :ip ! slaves1 ! dog w\ld ru% ^u !m & relieve !m ( _! rags1 if n ( _! fle%4 ,"o object ( my uncle's special hate 0 ,j]ry1 a slave ( a pr\d _s4 ,he defi$ all ! curses1 rage & /ripes ( 8 tyrant4 ,?\gh he 0 (t5 ov]p[]$--= my uncle w\ld frequ5tly we> out 8 /ick ^u 8 head--yet be w\ld nev] submit4 ,z he 0 n exp]t 9 pick+ cotton1 he w\ld sometimes run away 9 ! fall1 to escape abuse4 ,at "o "t1 aft] an abs5ce ( "s mon?s1 he 0 arre/$ & br\ght back4 ,z is cu/om>y1 he 0 /ripp$1 ti$ to a log1 & ! c[-sk9 appli$ to 8 nak$ body till 8 ma/] 0 exhau/$4 ,!n a l>ge log *a9 0 fa/5$ ar\nd "o ankle1 pass$ up 8 back1 ov] 8 %\ld]s1 !n across 8 brea/1 & fa/5$ "u 8 arm4 ,9 ?is condition he 0 =c$ to p]=m 8 daily task4 ,add to ?is he 0 *a9$ ea* night1 & compell$ to *op wood e ,sabba?1 to make up lo/ "t4 ,aft] be+ ?us manacl$ = "s mon?s1 he 0 releas$--b 8 _s 0 unsubdu$4 ,soon aft]1 8 ma/]1 9 a p>oxysm ( rage1 fell ^u him1 wore out 8 /aff ^u 8 head1 load$ him aga9 ) *a9s1 & aft] a mon?1 sold him f>!r s\?4 ,ano!r slave1 by ! "n ( ,m9ce1 :o 0 a man ( great /r5g?1 purlo9$ "s bacon on a ,*ri/mas eve4 ,x 0 miss$ 9 ! morn+1 & he be+ abs5t1 0 ( c\rse suspect$4 ,on return+ home1 my uncle comm&$ him to come to him1 b he refus$4 ,! ma/] /rove 9 va9 to lay h&s on him2 9 va9 he ord]$ 8 slaves to seize him--!y d>$ n4 ,at l5g? ! ma/] hurl$ a /one at 8 head suffici5t to h fell$ a bullock--b he did n he$ x4 ,at t in/ant my aunt sprang =w>d1 & pres5t+ ! gun to my uncle1 exclaim$1 ',%oot him6 %oot him 6' ,he made ! attempt1 b ! gun miss$ fire1 & ,m9ce fl$4 ,he 0 tak5 eight or t5 mon?s aft] :ile cross+ ! ,ohio4 ,:5 br\ght back1 ! ma/]1 & an ov]se] on ano!r plantation1 took him to ! m\nta9 & puni%$ him to _! satisfaction 9 secret2 aft] :i* he 0 load$ ) *a9s & set to 8 task4 ,i "h sp5t ne>ly all my life 9 ! mid/ ( slav]y4 ,f be+ ! son ( a slavehold]1 ,i desc5d$ to ! condition ( a slave1 & f t condition ,i rose 7if y please to call x s17 to ! /ation ( a 'driv]4' ,i h liv$ 9 ,alabama1 ,t5nessee1 & ,k5tucky2 & ,i "k ! condition ( ! slaves to be t ( unmix$ wret*$ness & degradation4 ,& on ! "p ( slavehold]s1 !re is cruelty untold4 ,! labor ( ! slave is con/ant toil1 wrung out by fe>4 ,_! food is scanty1 & tak5 )\t com=t4 ,_! clo!s answ] ! purposes nei!r ( com=t nor dec5cy4 ,!y are n all[$ to read or write4 ,:e!r !y may wor%ip ,god or n1 dep5ds on ! w ( ! ma/]4 ,! "y *ildr51 until !y c "w1 (t5 g nak$ dur+ ! w>m wea!r4 ,i c\ld sp5d mon?s 9 detail+ ! suff]+s1 degradation & cruelty inflict$ ^u slaves4 ,b my s\l sick5s at ! remembrance ( ^! ?+s4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,mr4 ,,lemuel ,,sap+ton1 ,a ,,native ,,( ,,m>yl&4 ,mr4 ,sap+ton1 is a rep5tant s\l driv] or slave trad]1 n[ a citiz5 ( ,lanca/]1 ,pa4 ,he gives ! foll[+ te/imony 9 a lett] dat$1 ,jan4 #ba1 #ahci4 ,i 0 born 9 ,m>yl&1 aft]w>ds mov$ to ,virg9ia1 :]e ,i comm5c$ ! bus9ess ( f>m+ & traffick+ 9 slaves4 ,9 my neighborhood ! slaves 7 'qu>t]$4' ,! description g5]ally giv5 ( negro qu>t]s is correct4 ,! qu>t]s are )\t floors1 & n suffici5t to keep (f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r1 !y are uncom=table bo? 9 summ] & w9t]4 ,! food !re consi/s ( potatoes1 pork1 & corn1 :i* 7 giv5 to !m daily1 by weight & measure4 ,! sexes 7 huddl$ toge!r promiscu\sly4 ,_! clo?+ is made by !mselves aft] night1 ?\gh sometimes assi/$ by ! old wom5 :o are no long] able to d out door "w1 consequ5tly x is h>% & uncom=table4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 ^? ( bo? sexes :o h n atta9$ ! age ( twelve ye>s g nak$4 ,_! puni%m5ts are inv>iably cruel4 ,= ! slighte/ (f5ce1 su* z tak+ a h5's egg1 ,i h se5 !m /ripp$ & susp5d$ by _! h&s1 _! feet ti$ toge!r1 a f5ce rail ( ord9>y size plac$ betwe5 _! ankles1 & !n mo/ cruelly :ipp$1 until1 f head to foot1 !y 7 completely lac]at$1 a pickle made = ! purpose ( salt & wat]1 w\ld !n be appli$ by a fell[-slave1 = ! purpose ( heal+ ! w\nds z well z giv+ pa94 ,!n tak5 d[n & )\t ! lea/ respite s5t to "w ) _! hoe4 ,pursu+ my assum$ "r ( driv+ s\ls1 ,i w5t to ! ,s\!rn "p ( ,virg9ia = ! purpose ( traffick+ 9 slaves4 ,9 t "p ( ! /ate1 ! cruelties practis$ ^u ! slaves1 are f> great] ?an :]e ,i liv$4 ,! puni%m5ts !re (t5 result$ 9 dea? to ! slave4 ,!re 0 no law = ! negro1 b t ( ! ov]se]'s :ip4 ,9 t "p ( ! c\ntry1 ! slaves receive no?+ = food1 b corn 9 ! e>1 :i* has to be prep>$ = bak+ aft] work+ h\rs1 by gr9d+ x ) a h&-mill4 ,?is !y take to ! fields ) !m1 & prep>e x = eat+1 by hold+ x on _! hoes1 ov] a fire made by a /ump4 ,among ! gangs1 are (t5 "y wom51 :o br+ _! *ildr5 to ! fields1 & lay !m 9 a f5ce corn]1 :ile !y are at "w1 only be+ p]mitt$ to nurse !m at ! option ( ! ov]se]4 ,:5 a *ild is ?ree weeks old1 a woman is consid]$ 9 work+ ord]4 ,i h se5 a woman1 ) h] "y *ild /rapp$ to h] back1 labor+ ! :ole day1 beside a man1 p]haps ! fa!r ( ! *ild1 & he n be+ p]mitt$ to give h] any assi/ance1 himself be+ "u ! :ip4 ,! uncommon humanity ( ! driv] all[+ h] ! com=t ( do+ s4 ,i 0 !n sell+ a drove ( slaves1 :i* ,i _h br\ght by wat] f ,baltimore1 my consci5ce n all[+ me to drive1 z 0 g5]ally ! case unit+ ! slaves by coll>s & *a9s1 & ?us driv+ !m "u ! :ip4 ,ab\t t "t an unacc\ntable some?+1 :i* ,i n[ "k 0 an int]position ( ,provid5ce1 prev5t$ me f prosecut+ any f>!r ?is unholy traffic2 b ?\gh ,i _h quitt$ x1 ,i /ill cont9u$ to live 9 a slave /ate1 witness+ e day its evil effects ^u my fell[ be+s4 ,among :i* 0 a he>t-r5d+ sc5e t took place 9 my fa!r's h\se1 :i* l$ me to lease a slave /ate1 z well z all ! imag9>y com=ts aris+ f slav]y4 ,on prep>+ = my removal to ! /ate ( ,p5nsylvania1 x became necess>y = me to g to ,l\isville1 9 ,k5tucky1 :]e1 if possible1 ,i became m horrifi$ ) ! impositions practic$ ^u ! negro ?an be=e4 ,!re a slave 0 sold to g f>!r s\?1 & 0 h&-cuff$ = ! purpose ( keep+ him secure4 ,b *oos+ dea? r ?an slav]y1 he jump$ ov]bo>d & 0 dr[n$4 ,:5 ,i return$ f\r weeks aft]w>ds 8 body1 t _h float$ ?ree miles bel[1 0 yet unburi$4 ,"o fact2 x is impossible = a p]son to pass ?r\gh a slave /ate1 if he has eyes op51 )\t behold+ e day cruelties repugnant to humanity4 ,respectfully ,y\rs1 ,,lemuel ,,sap+ton4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,mrs4 ,,nancy ,,l[ry1 ,a ,,native ,,( ,,k5tucky4 ,mrs4 ,lory1 is a memb] ( ! non-con=mi/ *ur* 9 ,osnaburg1 ,/>k ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 %e is a native ( ,k5tucky4 ,we h receiv$ f h] ! foll[+ te/imony4 ,i resid$ 9 ! family ( ,reub5 ,long1 ! pr9cipal "p ( ! "t1 f sev5 to tw5ty-two ye>s ( age4 ,mr4 ,long _h #af slaves1 among :om 7 ?ree :o 7 treat$ ) sev]ity1 al?\gh ,mr4 ,long 0 ?\ght to be a v human ma/]4 ,^! ?ree1 namely ,john1 ,n$1 & ,james1 _h wives2 ,john & ,n$ _h !irs at "s di/ance1 b ,james _h 8 ) him4 ,all ?ree di$ a premature dea?1 & x 0 g5]ally believ$ by 8 neighbors1 t extreme :ipp+ 0 ! cause4 ,i believe s too4 ,n$ di$ ab\t ! age ( #be & ,john #cd or #ce4 ,! cause ( _! flogg+ 0 commonly /ay+ a little ov] ! "t1 ) _! wives4 ,mr4 ,long w\ld tie !m up by ! wri/1 s high t _! toes w\ld j t\* ! gr\nd1 & !n ) a c[-hide lay ! la% ^u ! nak$ back1 until he 0 exhau/$1 :5 he w\ld sit d[n & re/4 ,z soon z he _h re/$ suffici5tly1 he w\ld ply ! c[-hide aga91 ?us he w\ld cont9ue until ! :ole back ( ! poor victim 0 lac]at$ into "o uni=m coat ( blood4 ,yet he 0 a /rict pr(essor ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 9 ! s\!rn *ur*4 ,i frequ5tly wa%$ ! w\nds ( ,john1 ) salt wat]1 to prev5t putrefaction4 ,?is 0 ! usual c\rse pursu$ aft] a sev]e flogg+2 _! backs w\ld be full ( ga%es1 s deep ! ,i c\ld almo/ lay my f+] 9 !m4 ,!y 7 g5]ally laid up aft] ! flogg+ = sev]al days4 ,! la/ flogg+ ,n$ got1 he 0 conf9$ to ! b$1 :i* he nev] left till he 0 c>ri$ to 8 grave4 ,dur+ ,john's conf9em5t 9 8 la/ sickness on "o occasion :ile att5d+ on him1 he exclaim$1 'oh1 ,nancy1 ,miss ,nancy1 ,i hav5't mu* long] 9 ?is _w1 ,i feel z if my :ole body inside & all my bones 7 beat5 into a jelly4' ,soon aft] he di$4 ,john & ,n$ 7 bo? pr(essors ( religion4 ,john ,ruffn]1 a slavehold]1 _h "o slave nam$ ,p9cy1 :om he z well z ,mrs4 ,ruffn] w\ld (t5 flog v sev]ely4 ,i frequ5tly saw ,mrs4 ,ruffn] flog h] ) ! broom1 %ovel1 or any ?+ %e c\ld seize 9 h] rage4 ,%e w\ld knock h] d[n & !n kick & /amp h] mo/ unm]cifully1 until %e w\ld be app>5tly s lifeless1 t ,i m ?an once ?\ght %e w\ld nev] recov]4 ,(t5 ,p9cy w\ld try to %elt] h]self f ! bl[s ( h] mi/ress1 by creep+ "u ! b$1 f :i* ,mrs4 ,ruffn] w\ld draw h] by ! feet1 & !n /amp & leap on h] body1 till h] brea? w\ld be gone4 ,(t5 ,p9cy1 w\ld cry1 ',oh ,missee1 don't kill me6' ',oh ,"l1 don't kill me6' ',= ,god's sake don't kill me6' ,b ,mrs4 ,ruffn] w\ld beat & /amp away1 ) all ! v5om ( a demon4 ,! cause ( ,p9cy's flogg+ 01 n work+ en\gh1 or mak+ "s mi/ake 9 bak+1 c4 c4 ,_m a night ,p9cy _h to lie on ! b>e floor1 by ! side ( ! cradle1 rock+ ! baby ( h] mi/ress1 & if %e w\ld fall asleep1 & suff] ! *ild to cry1 s z to wak5 ,mrs4 ,ruffn]1 %e w\ld be sure to receive a flogg+4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,mr4 ,,wm4 ,c4 ,,gild]sleeve1 ,a ,,native ,,( ,,georgia ,,mr4 ,w4,c4 ,,gild]sleeve1 a native ( ,georgia1 is an eld] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* at ,wilkesb>re1 ,pa4 ,acts ( cruelty1 )\t numb]1 fell "u my obs]vation :ile ,i liv$ 9 ,georgia4 ,i w m5tion b "o4 ,a slave ( a ,mr4 ,p9kney1 on 8 way ) a wagon to ,savannah1 'camp$' = ! night by ! road side4 ,t night1 ! ne>e/ h5-roo/ 0 robb$4 ,on 8 return1 ! h5-roo/ 0 aga9 visit$1 & ! f[l c\nt$ "o less 9 ! morn+4 ,! olde/ son1 ) "s att5dants made se>*1 & came ^u ! poor fell[1 9 ! act ( dress+ 8 spoil4 ,he 0 too nimble = !m1 & made 8 retreat good into a d5se swamp4 ,:5 mu* ef=t to />t him f 8 hid+ place _h prov$ unsuccessful1 x 0 resolv$ to lay an ambu% = him1 "s di/ance ahead4 ,! wagon1 meantime1 0 9 *>ge ( a lad1 :o accompani$ ! team/] z an assi/ant4 ,! little boy lay /ill till ne>ly night1 79 ! hope probably t ! team/] w\ld return17 :5 he />t$ ) 8 wagon4 ,aft] travell+ "s di/ance1 ! lo/ "o made 8 appe>ance1 :5 ! ambu% sprang ^u him4 ,! poor fell[ 0 conduct$ back to ! plantation4 ,he expect$ little m]cy4 ,he begg$ = himself1 9 ! mo/ suplicat+ mann]1 'pray massa give me #ajj la%es & let me g4' ,he 0 !n ti$ by ! h&s1 to a limb ( a l>ge mulb]ry tree1 :i* grew 9 ! y>d1 s t 8 feet 7 rais$ a few in*es f ! gr\nd1 :ile a %>p5$ /ick 0 driv5 und]nea? t he might re/ 8 weight on x1 or sw+ by 8 h&s4 ,9 ?is condition #ajj la%es 7 laid on 8 b>e body4 ,i /ood by & witness$ ! :ole1 )\t z ,i recollect feel+ ! lea/ compassion4 ,s h>d5+ is ! influ5ce ( slav]y1 t x v mu* de/roys feel+ = ! slave4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,mr4 ,,hiram ,,:ite--,a ,,native ,,( ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a ,mr4 ,,:ite resid$ ?irty-two ye>s 9 ,*a?am c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & is n[ a memb] ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 at ,ott] ,creek ,prairie1 ,ill9ois4 ,ab\t ! #bj? ,decemb] #ahcj1 a report 0 rais$ t ! slaves 9 ,*a?am c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 7 go+ to rise on ,*ri/mas day1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* a consid]able commotion ensu$ among ! inhabitants2 ord]s 7 giv5 by ! ,gov]nor to ! militia capta9s1 to appo9t patroll+ capta9s 9 ea* di/rict1 & ord]s 7 giv5 = e man subject to milit>y duty to patrol z _! capta9s %\ld direct4 ,i w5t two nights 9 succession1 & aft] t refus$ to patrol at all4 ,! reason :y ,i refus$ 0 ?is1 ord]s 7 giv5 to se>* e negro h\se = books or pr9ts ( any k9d1 & ,bibles & ,hymn books 7 p>ticul>ly m5tion$4 ,& %\ld we f9d any1 our ord]s 7 to inflict puni%m5t by :ipp+ ! slave until he in=m$ :o gave !m to him1 or h[ !y came by !m4 ,z reg>ds ! com=ts ( ! slaves 9 ! vic9ity ( my resid5ce1 ,i c say !y _h no?+ t w\ld be> t "n4 ,x is true1 ! slaves 9 g5]al1 ( a good crop ye>1 7 tol]ably well f$1 b ( a bad crop ye>1 !y 71 z a g5]al ?+1 cut %ort ( _! all[ance4 ,_! h\ses 7 pole cab9s1 )\t l(t or floor4 ,_! b$s 7 made ( :at is !re call$ broom-/raw4 ,! m5 m commonly sleep on b5*es4 ,_! clo?+ w\ld comp>e well ) _! lodg+4 ,:ipp+ 0 common4 ,x 0 h>dly possible = a man ) a common pair ( e>s1 if he 0 out ( 8 h\se b a %ort "t on ,monday morn+s1 to miss ( he>+ ! s\nd ( ! la%1 & ! cries ( ! suff]]s plead+ ) _! ma/]s to desi/4 ,^! sc5es 7 m common ?r\gh\t ! "t ( my resid5ce !re1 f #agii to #ahca4 ,mr4 ,h$d+ ( ,*a?am c\nty1 held a slave woman4 ,i travel$ pa/ ,h$d+s z (t5 z once 9 two weeks dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahbh1 & always saw h] clad 9 a s+le cotton dress1 sleeves came half way to ! elb[1 & 9 ord] to prev5t h] runn+ away1 a *ild1 suppos$ to be ab\t sev5 ye>s ( age1 0 connect$ ) h] by a long *a9 fa/5$ r\nd h] neck1 & 9 ?is situation %e 0 compell$ all ! day to grub up ! roots ( %rubs & sappl+s to prep>e gr\nd = ! pl\gh4 ,x is n uncommon = slaves to make up on ,sundays :at !y are n able to p]=m ?r\gh ! week ( _! tasks4 ,at ! "t ( ! rumor$ insurrection above nam$1 ,*a?am jail 0 fill$ ) slaves :o 7 said to h be5 conc]n$ 9 ! plot4 ,)\t ! lea/ evid5ce ( x1 !y 7 puni%$ 9 div]s ways2 "s 7 :ipp$1 "s _h _! ?umbs screw$ 9 a vice to make !m confess1 b no pro( satisfactory 0 ev] obta9$ t ! negroes _h ev] ?\ght ( an insurrection1 nor did any s f> z ,i c\ld le>n1 ackn[l$ge t an insurrection _h ev] be5 project$4 ,f ?is "t =?1 ! slaves 7 prohibit$ f assembl+ toge!r = ! wor%ip ( ,god1 & _m ( ^? :o _h previ\sly be5 au?oriz$ to prea* ! gospel 7 prohibit$4 ,amalgamation 0 common4 ,!re 0 sc>ce a family ( slaves t _h females ( mature age :]e !re 7 n "s mulatto *ildr54 ,,hiram ,,:ite ,ott] ,creek ,prairie1 ,jan4 #bb1 #ahci4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,mr4 ,,john ,m4 ,,nelson--,a ,,native ,,( ,,virg9ia4 ,extract ( a lett]1 dat$ ,janu>y #c1 #ahci1 f ,john ,m4 ,nelson1 ,esq41 ( ,hillsbor\gh4 ,mr4 ,nelson remov$ f ,virg9ia to ,highl& c\nty1 ,ohio1 _m ye>s s9ce1 :]e he is ext5sively kn[n & respect$4 ,i 0 born & rais$ 9 ,augu/a c\nty1 ,virg9ia2 my fa!r 0 an eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & 0 own] ( ab\t tw5ty slaves2 he 0 :at 0 g5]ally t]m$ a good ma/]4 ,8 slaves 7 g5]ally tol]ably well f$ & clo!d1 & n ov] work$1 !y 7 sometimes p]mitt$ to att5d *ur*1 & call$ 9 to family wor%ip2 few ( !m1 h[ev]1 avail$ !mselves ( ^! privileges4 ,on "s occasions ,i h se5 him :ip !m sev]ely1 p>ticul>ly = ! crime ( try+ to obta9 _! lib]ty1 or = :at 0 call$1 runn+ away4 ,= ?is !y 7 sc\rg$ m sev]ely ?an = any ?+ else4 ,aft] !y h be5 retak51 ,i h se5 !m /ripp$ nak$ & susp5d$ by ! h&s1 sometimes to a tree1 sometimes to a po/1 until _! toes b>ely t\*$ ! gr\nd1 & :ipp$ ) a c[hide until ! blood dripp$ f _! backs4 ,a boy nam$ ,jack1 p>ticul>ly1 ,i h se5 s]v$ 9 ?is way m ?an once4 ,:5 ,i 0 q a *ild1 ,i recollect x griev$ me v mu* to see "o ti$ up to be :ipp$1 & ,i us$ to int]c$e ) te>s 9 _! behalf1 & m+le my cries ) !irs1 & feel almo/ will+ to take "p ( ! puni%m5t2 ,i h be5 sev]ely rebuk$ by my fa!r = ?is k9d ( sympa?y4 ,yet1 su* is ! h>d5+ nature ( su* sc5es1 t f ?is k9d ( commis]ation = ! suff]+ slave1 ,i became s blunt$ t ,i c\ld n only witness _! /ripes ) composure1 b myself inflict !m1 & t )\t remorse4 ,"o case ,i h (t5 look$ back to ) sorr[ & contrition1 p>ticul>ly s9ce ,i h be5 conv9c$ t negroes are m54 ,:5 ,i 0 p]haps f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s ( age1 ,i und]took to correct a "y fell[ nam$ ,n$1 = "s suppos$ (f5ce2 ,i ?9k x 0 leav+ a bridle out ( its prop] place2 he be+ l>g] & /rong] ?an myself took hold ( my arms & held me1 9 ord] to prev5t my /rik+ him2 ?is ,i consid]$ ! height ( insol5ce1 & cri$ = help1 :5 my fa!r & "m bo? came runn+ to my rescue4 ,my fa!r /ripp$ & ti$ him1 & took him into ! or*>d1 :]e swit*es 7 pl5ty1 & direct$ me to :ip him2 :5 "o swit* wore out he suppli$ me ) o!rs4 ,aft] ,i _h :ipp$ him a :ile1 he fell on 8 knees to implore =giv5ess1 & ,i kick$ him 9 ! face2 my fa!r said1 don't kick him1 b :ip him2 ?is ,i did until 8 back 0 lit]ally cov]$ ) welts4 ,i "k ,i h rep5t$1 & tru/ ,i h obta9$ p>don = ^! ?+s4 ,my fa!r own$ a woman1 7we us$ to call aunt ,grace17 %e 0 pur*as$ 9 ,old ,virg9ia4 ,%e has told me t h] old ma/]1 9 8 w1 gave h] h] fre$om1 b at 8 dea?1 8 sons _h sold h] to my fa!r3 :5 he b\ght h] %e manife/$ "s unwill+ness to g ) him1 :5 %e 0 put 9 irons & tak5 by =ce4 ,?is 0 be=e ,i 0 born2 b ,i rememb] to h se5 ! irons1 & 0 told t 0 :at !y _h be5 us$ =4 ,aunt ,grace is /ill liv+1 & mu/ be betwe5 sev5ty & eighty ye>s ( age2 %e has1 = ! la/ =ty ye>s1 be5 an exempl>y ,*ri/ian4 ,:5 ,i 0 a y\? ,i took "s pa9s to le>n h] to read2 ?is is n[ a great consolation to h]4 ,s9ce age & infirmity h r5d]$ h] ( little value to h] own]s1 %e is p]mitt$ to read z mu* z %e pleases2 ?is %e c d1 ) ! aid ( glasses1 9 ! old family ,bible1 :i* is almo/ ! only book %e has ev] look$ into4 ,?is ) "s little m5d+ = ! black *ildr51 is all %e does2 %e is /ill held z a slave4 ,i well rememb] :at a he>t-r5d+ sc5e !re 0 9 ! family :5 my fa!r sold h] husb&2 ?is 01 ,i suppose1 ?irty-five ye>s ago4 ,& yet my fa!r 0 consid]$ "o ( ! be/ ( ma/]s4 ,i "k ( few :o 7 bett]1 b ( _m :o 7 worse4 ,! la/ "t ,i saw my fa!r1 :i* 0 9 ! fall ( #ahcb1 he promis$ me t he w\ld free all 8 slaves at 8 dea?4 ,he di$ h[ev] )\t do+ x2 & ,i h und]/ood s9ce1 t he omitt$ x1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,rev4 ,dr4 ,speece1 a ,presbyt]ian m9i/]1 :o liv$ 9 ! family1 & 0 a w>m fri5d ( ! ,colonization ,society4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahji or #aj1 ,i became a /ud5t ( ,rev4 ,george ,b\rne2 he 0 ! fir/ abolitioni/ ,i _h ev] se51 & ! fir/ ,i _h ev] he>d pray or plead = ! oppress$1 :i* gave me ! fir/ misgiv+s ab\t ! innoc5ce ( slavehold+4 ,i receiv$ impressions f ,mr4 ,b\rne :i* ,i c\ld n get rid (1#f & det]m9$ 9 my own m9d t :5 ,i settl$ 9 life1 x %\ld be 9 a free /ate2 ?is det]m9ation ,i c>ri$ into effect 9 #ahac1 :5 ,i remov$ to ?is place1 :i* ,i suppos$ at t "t1 to be all ! opposition to slav]y t 0 necess>y1 b ! mom5t ,i became conv9c$ t all slavehold+ 0 9 itself s9ful1 ,i became an abolitioni/1 :i* 0 ab\t f\r ye>s ago4 ,footnote #f3 ,mr4 ,b\rne resid$ sev5 ye>s 9 ,virg9ia1 9 p]ils among false bre?r52 fi]cely p]secut$ = 8 fai?ful te/imony aga9/ slav]y4 ,m ?an tw5ty ye>s s9ce he publi%$ a "w entitl$ ',! ,book & ,slav]y irreconcileable4' ,,te/imony ,,( ,,angel9a ,,grimk ,,weld4 ,mrs4 ,weld is ! y\nge/ daught] ( ! late ,judge ,grimk1 ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & a si/] ( ! late ,hon4 ,?omas ,s4 ,grimk1 ( ,*>le/on4 ,=t ,lee1 ,b]g5 ,co41 ,new ,j]sey1 ,f\r? mon? #f?1 #ahci4 ,i sit d[n to comply ) ?y reque/1 pref]r$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,! responsibility laid ^u me by su* a reque/1 leaves me no option4 ,:ile ,i live1 & slav]y lives1 ,i mu/ te/ify aga9/ x4 ,if ,i %\ld hold my peace1 ! /one w\ld cry out ( ! wall1 & ! beam out ( ! timb] w\ld answ] x4 ,b ?\gh ,i feel a necessity ^u me1 & a woe unto me1 if ,i )hold my te/imony1 ,i give x ) a heavy he>t4 ,my fle% crie? out1 if x be possible1 let ?is cup pass f me2 b1 ,fa!r1 ?y w be done1 is1 ,i tru/1 ! brea?+ ( my _s4 ,oh1 ! sla9 ( ! daught] ( my p6 !y lie 9 all ! ways2 _! te>s fall z ! ra91 & are _! meat day & night2 _! blood runne? d[n l wat]2 _! plund]$ he>?s are desolate2 !y weep = _! husb&s & *ildr51 because !y are n2 & ! pr\d waves d cont9ually g ov] !m1 :ile no eye pitie?1 & no man c>e? = _! s\ls4 ,b x is n alone = ! sake ( my poor bro!rs & si/]s 9 bonds1 or = ! cause ( tru?1 & righte\sness1 & humanity1 t ,i te/ify2 ! deep ye>n+s ( affection = ! "m t bore me1 :o is /ill a slavehold]1 bo? 9 fact & 9 he>t2 = my bro!rs & si/]s1 7a l>ge family circle17 & = my num]\s o!r slavehold+ k9dr$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 con/ra9 me to speak3 = ev5 7 slav]y no curse to its victims1 ! ex]cise ( arbitr>y p[] works su* fe>ful ru9 ^u ! he>ts ( slavehold]s1 t ,i %\ld feel impell$ to labor & pray = its ov]?r[ ) my la/ en]gies & late/ brea?4 ,i ?9k x important to premise1 t ,i h se5 almo/ no?+ ( slav]y on plantations4 ,my te/imony w h respect exclusively to ! treatm5t ( h\se-s]vants1 & *iefly ^? belong+ to ! fir/ families 9 ! city ( ,*>le/on1 bo? 9 ! religi\s & 9 ! fa%ionable _w4 ,& "h let me say1 t ! treatm5t ( plantation slaves _c be fully kn[n1 except by ! poor suff]]s !mselves1 & _! driv]s & ov]se]s4 ,9 a multitude ( in/ances1 ev5 ! ma/] c "k v little ( ! actual condition ( 8 own field-slaves1 & 8 wife & daught]s f> less4 ,a few facts conc]n+ my own family w %[ ?is4 ,our p]man5t resid5ce 0 9 ,*>le/on2 our c\ntry-seat 7,bellemont17 0 #bjj miles di/ant1 9 ! nor?-we/]n "p ( ! /ate2 :]e1 = "s ye>s1 our family sp5t a few mon?s annually4 ,our plantation 0 ?ree miles f ?is family mansion4 ,!re1 all ! field-slaves liv$ & work$4 ,occasionally1 once a mon?1 p]haps1 "s ( ! family w\ld ride ov] to ! plantation1 b ,i nev] visit$ ! fields :]e ! slaves 7 at "w1 & knew almo/ no?+ ( _! condition2 b ?is ,i d "k1 t ! ov]se]s :o _h *>ge ( !m1 7 g5]ally unpr9cipl$ & intemp]ate m54 ,b ,i rejoice to "k1 t ! g5]al treatm5t ( slaves 9 t region ( c\ntry1 0 f> mild] ?an on ! plantations 9 ! l[] c\ntry4 ,?r\gh\t all ! ea/]n & middle portions ( ! /ate1 ! plant]s v r>ely reside p]man5tly on _! plantations4 ,!y h almo/ inv>iably two resid5ces1 & sp5d less ?an half ! ye> on _! e/ates4 ,ev5 :ile sp5d+ a few mon?s on !m1 politics1 field-sports1 races1 speculations1 j\rneys1 visits1 company1 lit]>y pursuits1 c41 absorb s mu* ( _! "t1 t !y mu/1 to a consid]able ext5t1 take ! condition ( _! slaves on tru/1 f ! reports ( _! ov]se]s4 ,i make ?is /atem5t1 because ^! slavehold]s 7! weal?i] class17 are1 ,i believe1 almo/ ! only ones :o visit ! nor? ) _! families2--& nor!rn op9ions ( slav]y are bas$ *iefly on _! te/imony4 ,b n to dwell on prelim9>ies1 ,i wi% to record my te/imony to ! fai?fulness & accuracy ) :i* my belov$ si/]1 ,s>ah ,m4 ,grimk1 has1 9 h] 'n>rative & te/imony1' on a prec$+ page1 describ$ ! condition ( ! slaves1 & ! effect ^u ! he>ts ( slavehold]s1 7ev5 ! be/17 caus$ by ! ex]cise ( unlimit$ p[] ov] moral ag5ts4 ,( ! p>ticul> acts :i* %e has /at$1 ,i h no p]sonal k1 z !y occurr$ be=e my remembrance2 b ( ! _s t prompt$ !m1 & t con/antly displays itself 9 sc5es ( simil> horror1 ! recollections ( my *ildhood1 & ! effaceless impr9t ^u my rip] ye>s1 ) ! break+ ( my he>t-/r+s1 :51 f9d+ t ,i 0 p[]less to %ield ! victims1 ,i tore myself f my home & fri5ds1 & became an exile among /rang]s--all ^! ?rong ar\nd me z witnesses1 & _! te/imony is grav5 on my memory ) a p5 ( fire4 ,:y ,i did n become totally h>d5$1 "u ! daily op]ation ( ?is sy/em1 ,god only kn[s2 9 deep solemnity & gratitude1 ,i say1 x 0 ! ,"l's do+1 & m>vell\s 9 m9e eyes4 ,ev5 be=e my he>t 0 t\*$ ) ! love ( ,*ri/1 ,i us$ to say1 ,oh t ,i _h ! w+s ( a dove1 t ,i might flee away & be at re/2 = ,i felt t !re c\ld be no re/ = me 9 ! mid/ ( su* outrages & pollutions4 ,& yet ,i saw no?+ ( slav]y 9 its mo/ vulg> & repulsive =ms4 ,i saw x 9 ! city1 among ! fa%ionable & ! honorable1 :]e x 0 g>ni%$ by ref9em5t1 & deck$ out = %[4 ,a few facts w unfold ! /ate ( society 9 ! circle ) :i* ,i 0 famili> f> bett] ?an any g5]al ass]tions ,i c make4 ,i w fir/ introduce ! read] to a woman ( ! highe/ respectability--"o :o 0 =emo/ 9 e b5evol5t ent]prise1 & /ood = _m ye>s1 ,i may say1 at ! head ( ! fa%ionable ,elite ( ! city ( ,*>le/on1 & aft]w>ds at ! head ( ! moral & religi\s female society !re4 ,x 0 aft] %e _h made a pr(ession ( religion1 & retir$ f ! fa%ionable _w1 t ,i knew h]2 !re=e ,i w pres5t h] 9 h] religi\s "*4 ,?is lady us$ to keep c[hides1 or small paddles1 7call$ 'pancake /icks1'7 9 f\r diff]5t ap>tm5ts 9 h] h\se2 s t :5 %e wi%$ to puni%1 or to h puni%$1 any ( h] slaves1 %e might n h ! tr\ble ( s5d+ = an in/rum5t ( torture4 ,= _m ye>s1 "o or o!r1 & (t5 m ( h] slaves1 7 flogg$ e day2 p>ticul>ly ! "y slaves ab\t ! h\se1 ^: faces 7 slapp$1 or _! h&s beat ) ! 'pancake /ick2 = e trifl+ (f5ce--& (t5 = no fault at all4 ,b ! flogg+s 7 n all2 ! scold+1 & abuse daily heap$ ^u !m all1 7 worse3 'fools' & 'li>s1' 'sluts' & 'husseys1' 'hypocrites' & 'good-=-no?+ creatures'2 7 ! common epi!ts ) :i* h] m\? 0 fill$1 :5 address+ h] slaves1 adults z well z *ildr54 ,v (t5 %e w\ld take a position at h] w9d[1 9 an upp] /ory1 & scold at h] slaves :ile work+ 9 ! g>d51 at "s di/ance f ! h\se1 7a l>ge y>d int]v5+17 & occasionally ord] a flogg+4 ,i h kn[n h] ?us on ! wat*1 scold+ = m ?an an h\r at a "t1 9 s l\d a voice t ! :ole neighborhood c\ld he> h]2 & ?is )\t ! lea/ app>5t feel+ ( %ame4 ,inde$1 x 0 no disgrace among slavehold]s1 & did n 9 ! lea/ injure h] /&+1 ei!r z a lady or a ,*ri/ian1 9 ! ari/ocratic circle 9 :i* %e mov$4 ,aft] ! 'revival' 9 ,*>le/on1 9 #ahbe1 %e op5$ h] h\se to social pray]-meet+s4 ,! room 9 :i* !y 7 held 9 ! ev5+1 & :]e ! voice ( pray] 0 he>d ar\nd ! family alt>1 & :]e %e h]self retir$ = private devotion ?rice ea* day1 0 ! v place 9 :i*1 :5 h] slaves 7 to be :ipp$ ) ! c[hide1 !y 7 tak5 to receive ! infliction2 & ! wail ( ! suff]] w\ld be he>d1 :]e1 p]haps only a few h\rs previ\s1 rose ! voices ( pray] & praise4 ,?is mi/ress w\ld occasionally s5d h] slaves1 male & female1 to ! ,*>le/on "w-h\se to be puni%$4 ,"o poor girl1 :om %e s5t !re to be flogg$1 & :o 0 accord+ly /ripp$ nak$ & :ipp$1 %[$ me ! deep ga%es on h] back--,i might h laid my :ole f+] 9 !m--l>ge pieces ( fle% _h actually be5 cut out by ! tortur+ la%4 ,%e s5t ano!r female slave !re1 to be imprison$ & work$ on ! tread-mill4 ,?is girl 0 conf9$ sev]al days1 & =c$ to "w ! mill :ile 9 a /ate ( suff]+ f ano!r cause4 ,= t5 days or two weeks aft] h] return1 %e 0 lame1 f ! viol5t ex]tion necess>y to enable h] to keep ! /ep on ! ma*9e4 ,%e spoke to me ) int5se feel+ ( ?is outrage ^u h]1 z a woman4 ,h] m5 s]vants 7 sometimes flogg$ !re2 & s exce$+ly (f5sive has be5 ! putrid fle% ( _! lac]at$ backs1 = days aft] ! infliction1 t !y w\ld be kept out ( ! h\se--! smell aris+ f _! w\nds be+ too horrible to be endur$4 ,!y 7 always /iff & sore = "s days1 & n 9 a condition to be se5 by visitors4 ,?is pr(ess$ly ,*ri/ian woman 0 a mo/ awful illu/ration ( ! ru9\s influ5ce ( arbitr>y p[] ^u ! temp]--h] bur/s ( passion ^u ! heads ( h] victims 7 dread$ ev5 by h] own *ildr51 & v (t51 all ! pleasure ( social int]c\rse ar\nd ! dome/ic bo>d1 0 de/roy$ by h] ord]+ ! cook into h] pres5ce1 & /orm+ at him1 :5 ! d9n] or breakfa/ 0 n prep>$ to h] ta/e1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( all h] *ildr51 comm&+ ! wait] to slap 8 face4 ,fault-f9d+1 0 ) h] ! con/ant accompanim5t ( e meal1 & bani%$ t peace :i* %\ld hov] ar\nd ! social bo>d1 & smile on e face4 ,x 0 common = h] to ord] bro!rs to :ip _! own si/]s1 & si/]s _! own bro!rs1 & yet no woman visit$ among ! poor m ?an %e did1 or gave m lib]ally to relieve _! wants4 ,?is may seem p]fectly unacc\ntable to a nor!rn]1 b ^! seem+ contradictions vani% :5 we consid] t ov] !m %e possess$ no arbitr>y p[]1 !y 7 always pres5t$ to h] m9d z un=tunate suff]]s1 t[>ds :om h] sympa?ies mo/ freely fl[$2 %e 0 ev] ready to wipe ! te>s f _! eyes1 & op5 wide h] purse = _! relief1 b ! o!rs 7 h] vassals1 ?ru/ d[n by public op9ion b5ea? h] feet1 to be at h] beck & call1 ev] ready to s]ve 9 all humility1 h]1 :om ,god 9 8 provid5ce _h set ov] !m--x 0 _! duty to abide 9 abject submission1 & h]s to compel !m to d s--x 0 ?us t %e reason$4 ,except at family pray]s1 none 7 p]mitt$ to sit 9 h] pres5ce1 b ! seam/resses & wait+ maids1 & !y1 h[ev] delicate might be _! circum/ances1 7 =c$ to sit ^u l[ /ools1 )\t backs1 t !y might be con/antly rem9d$ ( _! inf]iority4 ,a slave :o wait$ 9 ! h\se1 0 guilty on a p>ticul> occasion ( go+ to visit 8 wife1 & kept d9n] wait+ a little1 78 wife 0 ! slave ( a lady :o liv$ at a little di/ance47 ,:5 ! family sat d[n to ! table1 ! mi/ress began to scold ! wait] = ! (f5ce--he attempt$ to excuse himself--%e ord]$ him to hold 8 tongue--he v5tur$ ano!r apology2 h] son !n rose f ! table 9 a rage1 & beat ! face & e>s ( ! wait] s dreadfully t ! blood gu%$ f 8 m\?1 & nose1 & e>s4 ,?is mi/ress 0 a pr(essor ( religion2 h] daught] :o relat$ ! circum/ance1 0 a fell[ memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* ) ! poor outrag$ slave--in/ead ( feel+ indignation at ?is outrage\s abuse ( h] bro!r 9 ! *ur*1 %e ju/ifi$ ! de$1 & said he got j :at he des]v$4 ,i solemnly believe ?is to be a true picture ( slavehold+ religion4 ,! foll[+ is ano!r illu/ration ( x3 ,a mi/ress 9 ,*>le/on s5t a grey head$ female slave to ! workh\se1 & _h h] sev]ely flogg$4 ,! poor old woman w5t to an acqua9tance ( m9e & begg$ h] to buy h]1 & told h] h[ cruelly %e _h be5 :ipp$4 ,my fri5d exam9$ h] lac]at$ back1 & out ( compassion did pur*ase h]4 ,! circum/ance 0 m5tion$ to "o ( ! =m] own]'s relatives1 :o ask$ h] if x 7 true4 ,! mi/ress told h] x 01 & said t %e _h made ! sev]e :ipp+ ( ?is ag$ woman a subject ( pray]1 & t %e believ$ %e _h done "r to h x inflict$ ^u h]4 ,! la/ 'own]' ( ! poor old slave1 said %e1 _h no fault to f9d ) h] z a s]vant4 ,i rememb] v well t :5 ,i 0 a *ild1 our next door neighbor :ipp$ a "y woman s brutally1 t 9 ord] to escape 8 bl[s %e ru%$ ?r\gh ! draw+-room w9d[ 9 ! second /ory1 & fell ^u ! /reet pavem5t bel[ & broke h] hip4 ,?is circum/ance produc$ no excitem5t or inquiry4 ,! foll[+ circum/ance occurr$ 9 ,*>le/on1 9 #ahbh3 ,a slavehold]1 aft] flogg+ a little girl ab\t ?irte5 ye>s old1 set h] on a table ) h] feet fa/5$ 9 a pair ( /ocks4 ,he !n lock$ ! door & took out ! key4 ,:5 ! door 0 op5$ %e 0 f\nd dead1 hav+ fall5 f ! table4 ,:5 ,i ask$ a prom95t lawy]1 :o belong$ to "o ( ! fir/ families 9 ! ,/ate1 :e!r ! murd]] ( ?is helpless *ild c\ld n be indict$1 he coolly repli$1 t ! slave 0 ,mr4 ----'s prop]ty1 & if he *ose to suff] ! loss1 no "o else _h any ?+ to d ) x4 ,! loss ( human life1 ! di/ress ( ! p>5ts & o!r relatives ( ! little girl1 seem$ utt]ly out ( 8 ?\ghts3 x 0 ! loss ( prop]ty only t pres5t$ itself to 8 m9d4 ,i knew a g5tleman ( great b5evol5ce & g5]osity ( "*1 s ess5tially to injure ! eye ( a little boy1 ab\t t5 ye>s old1 z to de/roy its sight1 by ! bl[ ( a c[hide1 inflict$ :il/ he 0 :ipp+ him4#g ,i h he>d ! same individual speak ( break+ d[n ! _s ( a slave "u ! la% z p]fectly "r4 ,footnote #g3 ,! ,jewi% law w\ld h set ?is s]vant free1 = 8 eye's sake1 b he 0 held 9 slav]y & sold f h& to h&1 al?\gh1 besides ?is title to 8 lib]ty accord+ to ,jewi% law1 he 0 a mulatto1 & !re=e free "u ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ^: preamble our fa!rs decl>e t !y e/abli%$ x expressly to secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to !mselves & _! po/]ity4--,ed4 ,i also "k t an ag$ slave ( 81 7by m>riage17 0 all[$ to get a scanty & prec>i\s subsi/5ce1 by begg+ 9 ! /reets ( ,*>le/on--he 0 too old to "w1 & !re=e 8 all[ance 0 /opp$1 & he 0 turn$ out to make 8 liv+ by begg+4 ,:5 ,i 0 ab\t ?irte5 ye>s old1 ,i att5d$ a sem9>y1 9 ,*>le/on1 :i* 0 sup]9t5d$ by a man & 8 wife ( sup]ior education4 ,!y _h "u _! in/ruction ! daught]s ( ne>ly all ! ari/ocracy4 ,_! cruelty to _! slaves1 bo? male & female1 ,i c nev] =get4 ,i rememb] "o day !re 0 call$ into ! s*ool room to op5 a w9d[1 a boy ^: head _h be5 %av$ 9 ord] to disgrace him1 & he _h be5 s dreadfully :ipp$ t he c\ld h>dly walk4 ,s horrible 0 ! impression produc$ ^u my m9d by 8 he>t-brok5 c\nt5ance & crippl$ p]son t ,i fa9t$ away4 ,! sad & gha/ly c\nt5ance ( "o ( _! female mulatto slaves :o us$ to sit on a l[ /ool at h] sew+ 9 ! piazza1 is n[ fre% be=e me4 ,%e (t5 told me1 secretly1 h[ cruelly %e 0 :ipp$ :5 !y s5t h] to ! "w h\se4 ,i _h kn[n s mu* ( ! t]rible sc\rg+s inflict$ 9 t h\se ( blood1 t :5 ,i 0 once oblig$ to pass x1 ! v sight smote me ) su* horror t my limbs c\ld h>dly su/a9 me4 ,i felt z if ,i 0 pass+ ! prec9cts ( hell4 ,a fri5d ( m9e :o liv$ 9 ! neighborhood1 told me %e (t5 he>d ! screams ( ! slaves "u _! torture4 ,i once he>d a physician ( a high family1 & ( great respectability 9 8 pr(ession1 say1 t :5 he s5t 8 slaves to ! "w-h\se to be flogg$1 he always w5t to see x done1 t he might be sure !y 7 prop]ly1 i4e4 sev]ely :ipp$4 ,he also relat$ ! foll[+ circum/ance 9 my pres5ce4 ,he _h s5t a y\? ( ab\t eighte5 to ?is horrible place to be :ipp$ & aft]w>ds to be work$ ^u ! treadmill4 ,f n keep+ ! /ep1 :i* probably he ,,c\ld ,,n d1 9 consequ5ce ( ! lac]at$ /ate ( 8 body2 8 arm got t]ribly torn1 f ! %\ld] to ! wri/4 ,?is physician said1 he w5t e day to att5d to x himself1 9 ord] t he might use ^? re/oratives1 :i* w\ld inflict ! greate/ possible pa94 ,?is poor boy1 aft] be+ imprison$ !re = "s weeks1 0 !n br\ght home1 & compell$ to we> iron clogs on 8 ankles = "o or two mon?s4 ,i saw him ) ^? irons on "o day :5 ,i 0 at ! h\se4 ,?is man 01 :5 "y1 rem>kable 9 ! fa%ionable _w = 8 elegant & fasc9at+ mann]s1 b ! ex]cise ( ! slavehold]'s p[] has ?r[n ! fi]ce air ( tyranny ev5 ov] ^!4 ,i he>d ano!r man ( equally high /&+ say1 t he believ$ he suff]$ f> m ?an 8 wait] did :5ev] he flogg$ him = he felt ! ex]tion = days aft]w>d1 b he c\ld n let 8 s]vant g on 9 ! neglect ( 8 bus9ess1 x 0 8 duty to *a/ise him4 ,8 duty to flog ?is boy ( sev5te5 s sev]ely t he felt ! ex]tion = days aft]6 & yet he nev] felt x to be 8 duty to in/ruct him1 or h him in/ruct$1 ev5 9 ! common pr9ciples ( morality4 ,i he>d ! "m ( ?is man say x w\ld be no surprise to h]1 if he kill$ a slave "s day1 =1 t1 :5 transport$ ) passion he did n seem to c>e :at he did4 ,he once broke a l>ge /ick ov] ! back ( a slave & at ano!r "t ! ivory butt-end ( a long coa* :ip ov] ! head ( ano!r4 ,?is la/ 0 attack$ ) epileptic fits "s mon?s aft]1 & has ev] s9ce be5 subject to !m1 & occasionally to viol5t fits ( insanity4 ,s\!rn mi/resses sometimes flog _! slaves !mselves ?\gh g5]ally "o slave is compell$ to flog ano!r4 ,:il/ /ay+ at a fri5d's h\se "s ye>s ago1 ,i "o day saw ! mi/ress ) a c[-hide 9 h] h&1 & he>d h] scold+ 9 an "u tone1 h] wait+ man1 :o 0 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s old4 ,:e!r %e actually inflict$ ! bl[s ,i d n "k1 = ,i ha/5$ out ( sight & he>+4 ,x 0 n ! fir/ "t ,i _h se5 a mi/ress ?us engag$4 ,i knew %e 0 a cruel mi/ress1 & _h he>d h] daught]s disput+1 :e!r _! "m did "r or wrong1 to s5d ! slave *ildr51 7:om %e s5t out to sweep *imneys7 to ! "w h\se to be :ipp$ if !y did n br+ 9 _! wages regul>ly4 ,?is woman mov$ 9 ! mo/ fa%ionable circle 9 ,*>le/on4 ,! income ( ?is family 0 d]iv$ mo/ly f ! hire ( _! slaves1 ab\t "o hundr$ 9 numb]4 ,_! luxuries 7 blood-b\ght luxuries inde$4 ,& yet :at /rang] w\ld ev] h inf]r$ _! cruelties f ! c\rte\s reception & bl& mann]s ( ! p>lor4 ,e ?+ cruel & revolt+ is c>efully conceal$ f /rang]s1 especially ^? f ! nor?4 ,take an in/ance4 ,i h kn[n ! ma/] & mi/ress ( a family s5d to _! fri5ds to borr[ s]vants to wait on company1 because _! own slaves _h be5 s cruelly flogg$ 9 ! "w h\se1 t !y c\ld n walk )\t limp+ at e /ep1 & _! putrifi$ fle% emitt$ su* an intol]able smell t !y 7 n fit to be 9 ! pres5ce ( company4 ,h[ c nor!rn]s "k ^! ?+s :5 !y are hospitably receiv$ at s\!rn tables & firesides8 ,i repeat x1 no "o :o has n be5 an integral "p ( a slavehold+ community1 c h any idea ( its abom9ations4 ,x is a :it$ sepul*re full ( dead m5's bones & all uncleanness4 ,bless$ be ,god1 ! ,angel ( ,tru? has desc5d$ & roll$ away ! /one f ! m\? ( ! sepul*re1 & sits ^u x4 ,! abom9ations s long hidd5 are n[ br\ght =? be=e all ,israel & ! sun4 ,yes1 ! ,angel ( ,tru? sits ^u ?is /one1 & x c nev] be roll$ back aga94 ,! utt] disreg>d ( ! com=t ( ! slaves1 9 little ?+s1 c sc>cely be conceiv$ by ^? :o h n be5 a compon5t "p ( slavehold+ communities4 ,take a few p>ticul>s out ( hundr$s t might be nam$4 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a musketoes sw>m 9 myriads1 m ?an half ! ye>--!y are s excessively annoy+ at night1 t no family ?9ks ( sleep+ )\t nets or musketoe-b>s hung ov] _! b$/eads1 yet slaves are nev] provid$ ) !m1 unless x be ! favorite old dome/ics :o get ! ca/-(f pavilions2 & yet ^! v ma/]s & mi/resses w be s k9d to _! horses z to provide !m ) fly nets4 ,b$/eads & b$d+ too1 are r>ely provid$ = any ( ! slaves--if ! wait]s & coa*m51 wait+ maids1 cooks1 wa%]s1 c41 h b$s at all1 !y mu/ g5]ally get !m = !mselves4 ,commonly !y lie d[n at night on ! b>e floor1 ) a small blanket wrapp$ r\nd !m 9 w9t]1 & 9 summ] a co>se osnaburg %eet1 or no?+4 ,old slaves g5]ally h b$s1 b x is because :5 y\ng] !y h provid$ !m = !mselves4 ,only two meals a day are all[$ ! h\se slaves--! fir/ at twelve o'clock4 ,if !y eat be=e ?is "t1 x is by /eal?1 & ,i am sure !re mu/ be a good deal ( suff]+ among !m f hung]1 & p>ticul>ly by *ildr54 ,besides ?is1 !y are (t5 kept f _! meals by way ( puni%m5t4 ,no table is provid$ = !m to eat f4 ,!y "k no?+ ( ! com=t & pleasure ( ga!r+ r\nd ! social bo>d--ea* takes 8 plate or t9 pan & iron spoon & holds x 9 ! h& or on ! lap4 ,i nev] saw slaves seat$ r\nd a table to p>take ( any meal4 ,z ! g5]al rule1 no lights ( any k9d1 no firewood--no t[els1 bas9s1 or soap1 no tables1 *airs1 or o!r furniture1 are provid$4 ,wood = cook+ & wa%+ = ! family is f\nd1 b :5 ! ma/]'s "w is done1 ! slave mu/ f9d wood = himself if he has a fire4 ,i h repeat$ly kn[n slave *ildr5 kept ! :ole w9t]'s ev5+1 sitt+ on ! /air-case 9 a cold entry1 j to be at h& to snuff c&les or h& a tumbl] ( wat] f ! side-bo>d1 or g on err&s f "o room to ano!r4 ,x may be ask$ :y !y 7 n p]mitt$ to /ay 9 ! p>lor1 :5 !y w\ld be /ill m at h&4 ,i answ]1 because wait]s are n all[$ to sit 9 ! pres5ce ( _! own]s1 & z *ildr5 :o 7 kept runn+ all day1 w\ld ( c\rse get v tir$ ( /&+ = two or ?ree h\rs1 !y 7 all[$ to g into ! entry & sit on ! /aircase until rung =4 ,ano!r reason is1 t ev5 slavehold]s at times f9d ! pres5ce ( slaves v annoy+2 !y _c ex]cise entire fre$om ( spee* be=e !m on all subjects4 ,i h also kn[n in/ances :]e seam/resses 7 kept 9 cold entries to "w by ! /air case lamps = "o or two h\rs1 e ev5+ 9 w9t]--!y c\ld n see )\t /&+ up all ! "t1 ?\gh ! "w 0 (t5 too l>ge & heavy = !m to sew ^u x 9 t position )\t great inconv5i5ce1 & yet !y 7 expect$ to d _! "w z well ) _! cold f+]s1 & /&+ up1 z if !y _h be5 sitt+ by a com=table fire & provid$ ) ! necess>y light4 ,h\se slaves suff] a great deal also f n be+ all[$ to leave ! h\se )\t p]mission4 ,if !y wi% to g ev5 = a draught ( wat]1 !y mu/ ask leave1 & if !y /ay long] ?an ! mi/ress ?9ks necess>y1 !y are liable to be puni%$1 & (t5 are scold$ or slapp$1 or kept f go+ d[n to ! next meal4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t relatives1 among slaves1 are sep>at$ = weeks or mon?s1 by ! husb& or bro!r be+ tak5 by ! ma/] on a j\rney1 to att5d on 8 horses & himself4--,:5 !y return1 ! :ite husb& seeks ! wife ( 8 love2 b ! black husb& mu/ wait to see 8 wife1 until mi/ress pleases to let h] *amb]maid leave h] room4 ,yes1 su* is ! despotism ( slav]y1 t wives & si/]s d>e n run to meet _! husb&s & bro!rs aft] su* sep>ations1 & h\rs sometimes elapse be=e !y are all[$ to meet2 &1 at times1 a fi5di% pleasure is tak5 9 keep+ !m asund]--?is furni%es an opportunity to v5t feel+s ( spite = any little neglect ( duty4 ,! suff]+s to :i* slaves are subject$ by sep>ations ( v>i\s k9ds1 _c be imag9$ by ^? unacqua9t$ ) ! work+ out ( ! sy/em beh9d ! curta94 ,take ! foll[+ in/ances4 ,*amb]maids & seam/resses (t5 sleep 9 _! mi/resses' ap>tm5ts1 b ) no b$d+ at all4 ,i "k an in/ance ( a woman :o has be5 m>ri$ elev5 ye>s1 & yet has nev] be5 all[$ to sleep out ( h] mi/ress's *amb]4--,?is is a great h>d%ip to slaves4 ,:5 we consid] t h\se slaves are r>ely all[$ social int]c\rse dur+ ! day1 z _! "w g5]ally sep>ates !m2 ! b>b>ity ( su* an arrangem5t is obvi\s4 ,x is peculi>ly a h>d%ip 9 ! above case1 z ! husb& ( ! woman does n belong to h] own]2 & because he is subject to dreadful attacks ( illness1 & c h b little att5tion f 8 wife 9 ! day4 ,& yet h] mi/ress1 :o is an old lady1 gives h] ! highe/ "* z a fai?ful s]vant1 & told a fri5d ( m9e1 t %e 0 entirely dep5d5t ^u h] = all h] com=ts2 %e dress$ & undress$ h]1 gave h] all h] food1 & 0 s necess>y to h] t %e c\ld n d )\t h]4 ,i may add1 t ?is c\ple are t5d]ly atta*$ to ea* o!r4 ,i also "k an in/ance 9 :i* ! husb& 0 a slave & ! wife 0 free3 dur+ ! illness ( ! =m]1 ! latt] 0 all[$ to come & nurse him2 %e 0 oblig$ to leave ! "w by :i* %e _h made a liv+1 & come to /ay ) h] husb&1 & ?us lo/ weeks ( h] "t1 or he w\ld h suff]$ = want ( prop] att5tion2 & yet 8 own] made h] no comp5sation = h] s]vices4 ,he _h long be5 a fai?ful & a favorite slave1 & 8 own] 0 a woman v b5evol5t to ! poor :ites4--,%e w5t a great deal among ^!1 z a visit+ commission] ( ! ,ladies' ,b5evol5t ,society1 & 0 9 ! con/ant habit ( pay+ ! relatives ( ! poor :ites = nurs+ _! husb&s1 fa!rs1 & o!r relations2 because %e ?\ght x v h>d1 :5 _! "t 0 tak5 up1 s t !y c\ld n e>n _! daily bread1 t !y %\ld be left to suff]4 ,n[1 su* is ! /upify+ influ5ce ( ! *attel pr9ciple on ! m9ds ( slavehold]s1 t ,i d n suppose x ev] occurr$ to h] t ?is poor color$ wife ought to be paid = h] s]vices1 & p>ticul>ly z %e 0 sp5d+ h] "t & /r5g? 9 tak+ c>e ( h] prop]ty4 ,%e no d\bt only ?\ght h[ k9d %e 01 to all[ h] to come & /ay s long 9 h] y>d2 =1 let x be kept 9 m9d1 t slavehold]s h unlimit$ p[] to sep>ate husb&s & wives1 p>5ts & *ildr51 h[ev] & :5ev] !y please2 & if ?is mi/ress _h *os5 to d x1 %e c\ld h deb>r$ ?is woman f all int]c\rse ) h] husb&1 by =bidd+ h] to ent] h] premises4 ,p]sons :o own plantations & yet live 9 cities1 (t5 take *ildr5 f _! p>5ts z soon z !y are wean$1 & s5d !m into ! c\ntry2 because !y d n want ! "t ( ! "m tak5 up by att5dance ^u h] own *ildr51 x be+ too valuable to ! mi/ress4 ,z a favor1 %e is1 9 "s cases1 p]mitt$ to g to see !m once a ye>4 ,s1 on ! o!r h&1 if field slaves happ5 to h *ildr5 ( an age suitable to ! conv5i5ce ( ! ma/]1 !y are tak5 f _! p>5ts & br\ght to ! city4 ,p>5ts are almo/ nev] consult$ z to ! disposition to be made ( _! *ildr52 !y h z little control ov] !m1 z h dome/ic animals ov] ! disposal ( _! "y4 ,e natural & social feel+ & affection are violat$ ) indiff]5ce2 slaves are treat$ z ?\gh !y did n possess !m4 ,ano!r way 9 :i* ! feel+s ( slaves are trifl$ ) & (t5 deeply w\nd$1 is by *ang+ _! names2 if1 at ! "t !y are br\ght into a family1 !re is ano!r slave ( ! same "n2 or if ! own] happ5s1 = "s o!r reason1 n to l ! "n ( ! new com]4 ,i h kn[n slaves v mu* griev$ at hav+ ! names ( _! *ildr5 ?us *ang$1 :5 !y _h be5 call$ aft] a de> relation4 ,inde$ x w\ld be utt]ly impossible to rec\nt ! multitude ( ways 9 :i* ! he>t ( ! slave is cont9ually lac]at$ by ! total disreg>d ( 8 feel+s z a social be+ & a human creature4 ,! slave suff]s also greatly f be+ cont9ually wat*$4 ,! sy/em ( espionage :i* is con/antly kept up ov] slaves is ! mo/ worry+ & intol]able t c be imag9$4 ,_m mi/resses are1 9 fact1 dur+ ! abs5ce ( _! husb&s1 really _! driv]s2 & ! pleasure ( return+ to _! families (t51 on ! "p ( ! husb&1 is entirely de/roy$ by ! compla9ts pref]r$ aga9/ ! slaves :5 he comes home to 8 meals4 ,a mi/ress ( my acqua9tance ask$ h] s]vant boy1 "o day1 :at 0 ! reason %e c\ld n get him to d 8 "w :il/ 8 ma/] 0 away1 & said to him1 ,y\r ma/] works a great deal h>d] ?an y d2 he is at 8 (fice all day1 & (t5 has to /udy 8 law cases at night4 ,ma/]1 said ! boy1 is work+ = himself1 & = y1 ma'am1 b ,i am work+ = him4 ,! mi/ress turn$ & rem>k$ to a fri5d1 t %e 0 s /ruck ) ! tru? ( ! rem>k1 t %e c\ld n say a ^w to him4 ,b ,i =be>--! suff]+s ( ! slaves are n only innum]able1 b !y are indescribable4 ,i may pa9t ! agony ( k9dr$ torn f ea* o!r's arms1 to meet no m 9 "t2 ,i may depict ! inflictions ( ! blood-/a9$ la%1 b ,i _c describe ! daily1 h\rly1 ceaseless torture1 endur$ by ! he>t t is con/antly trampl$ "u ! foot ( despotic p[]4 ,?is is a "p ( ! horrors ( slav]y :i*1 ,i believe1 no "o has ev] attempt$ to del9eate2 ,i wond] n at x1 x mocks all p[] ( language4 ,:o c describe ! angui% ( t m9d :i* feels itself impal$ ^u ! iron ( arbitr>y p[]--its liv+1 wri?+1 helpless victim6 e human susceptibility tortur$1 its sympa?ies torn1 & /ung1 & ble$+--always feel+ ! dea?-weapon 9 its he>t1 & yet n s deep z to kill t humanity :i* is made ! curse ( ,its exi/5ce4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my te/imony ,i h ent]$ some:at into ! m9utiae ( slav]y1 because ?is is a "p ( ! subject (t5 ov]look$1 & _c be appreciat$ by any b ^? :o h be5 witnesses1 & ent]$ into sympa?y ) ! slaves z human be+s4 ,slavehold]s ?9k no?+ ( !m1 because !y reg>d _! slaves z prop]ty1 ! m]e in/rum5ts ( _! conv5i5ce & pleasure4 ,"o :o is a slavehold] at he>t nev] recognises a human be+ 9 a slave4 ,z ?\ ha/ ask$ me to te/ify respect+ ! physical condition ( ! slaves m]ely1 ,i say no?+ ( ! awful neglect ( _! m9ds & s\ls & ! sy/ematic ef=t to imbrute !m4 ,a wrong & an impiety1 9 comp>ison ) :i* all ! o!r unutt]able wrongs ( slav]y are b z ! du/ ( ! balance4 ,,angel9a ,g4 ,,weld4 ,,g5]al ,,te/imony ,,to ,,! ,,cruelties ,,inflict$ ,,^u ,,slaves4 ,be=e pres5t+ to ! read] p>ticul> details ( ! cruelties inflict$ ^u ,am]ican slaves1 we w pres5t 9 brief ! well-weigh$ decl>ations ( slavehold]s & o!r resid5ts ( slave /ates1 te/ify+ t ! slaves are treat$ ) b>b>\s inhumanity4 ,all details & p>ticul>s w be drawn out "u _! appropriate heads4 ,we propose 9 ?is place to pres5t te/imony ( a g5]al "*--! solemn decl>ations ( slavehold]s & o!rs1 t ! slaves are treat$ ) great cruelty4 ,to discr$it ! te/imony ( witnesses :o insi/ ^u convict+ !mselves1 w\ld be an anomal\s scepticism4 ,to %[ t ,am]ican slav]y has always _h "o uni=m "* ( diabolical cruelty1 we w g back "o hundr$ ye>s1 & prove x by unimpea*able witnesses1 :o h giv5 _! delib]ate te/imony to its horrid b>b>ity1 f #agci to #ahci4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,george ,,:itefield4 ,9 a lett] writt5 by him 9 ,georgia1 & address$ to ! slavehold]s ( ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 9 #agci4--,see ,b5ezet's ,caution to ,great ,brita9 & h] ,colonies4 ,z ,i lately pass$ ?r\gh y\r prov9ces on my way hi!r1 ,i 0 s5sibly t\*$ ) a fell[-feel+ ( ! mis]ies ( ! poor negroes4 ,sure ,i am1 x is s9ful to use !m z bad1 nay worse ?an if !y 7 brutes2 & :atev] p>ticul> exceptions !re may be1 7z ,i w\ld *>itably hope !re are "s17 ,i fe> ! g5]ality ( y t own negroes are liable to su* a *>ge4 ,n to m5tion :at numb]s h be5 giv5 up to ! inhuman usage ( cruel taskma/]s1 :o by _! unrel5t+ sc\rges1 h pl\gh$ _! backs & made long furr[s1 & at l5g? br\ght !m to ! grave6 ,! blood ( !m1 spilt = ^! _m ye>s1 9 y\r respective prov9ces1 w asc5d up to heav5 aga9/ y6 ,! foll[+ is ! te/imony ( ! celebrat$ ,,john ,,woolman1 an em95t m9i/] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 :o travel$ ext5sively 9 ! slave /ate4 ,we copy x f a ,memoir ( ,,john ,,woolman1 *iefly extract$ f a ,j\rnal ( 8 ,life & ,travels4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 ,philadelphia1 by ! ,society ( ,fri5ds4 ,! foll[+ reflections1 7 writt5 9 #ageg1 :ile he 0 travel+ on a religi\s acc\nt among slavehold]s4 ,_m ( ! :ite p 9 ^! prov9ces1 take little or no c>e ( negro m>riages2 & :5 negroes m>ry1 aft] _! own way1 "s make s little acc\nt ( ^? m>riages1 t1 ) views ( outw>d int]e/1 !y (t5 "p m5 f _! wives1 by sell+ !m f> asund]2 :i* is common :5 e/ates are sold by executors at v5due4 ,_m ^: labor is heavy1 be+ foll[$ at _! bus9ess 9 ! field by a man ) a :ip1 hir$ = t purpose1--h1 9 common1 little else all[$ !m b "o peck ( ,indian corn & "s salt = "o week1 ) a few potatoes4 7,! potatoes !y commonly raise by _! labor on ! fir/ day ( ! week47 ,! correction ensu+ on _! disob$i5ce to ov]se]s1 or slo?fulness 9 bus9ess1 is (t5 v sev]e1 & sometimes desp]ate4 ,m5 & wom5 h _m times sc>ce clo!s en\gh to hide _! nak$ness--& boys & girls1 t5 & twelve ye>s old1 are (t5 q nak$ among _! ma/]s' *ildr54 ,"s use endeavors to in/ruct ^? 7negro *ildr57 !y h 9 read+2 b 9 common1 ?is is n only neglect$1 b disapprov$4--p4 #ab4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ',,m>yl& ,,j\rnal ,,& ,,baltimore ,,adv]tis]1' ,,( ,,may #cj1 #aghh4 ,9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ! bus9ess ( ! c\ntry1 ! puni%m5t ( relations frequ5tly happ5s on ! same f>m1 & 9 view ( ea* o!r3 ! fa!r (t5 sees 8 belov$ son--! son 8 v5]able sire--! "m h] mu* lov$ daught]--! daught] h] affectionate p>5t--! husb& sees ! wife ( 8 bosom1 & %e ! husb& ( h] affection1 cruelly b\nd up )\t delicacy or m]cy1 & )\t d>+ to int]pose 9 ea* o!r's behalf1 & puni%$ ) all ! extremity ( inc5s$ rage1 & all ! rigor ( unrel5t+ sev]ity4 ,let u rev]se ! case1 & suppose x ours3 ,,all ,,is ,,sil5t ,,horror6 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,hon4 ,,william ,,p9ckney1 ,,( ,,m>yl&4 ,9 a spee* be=e ! ,m>yl& ,h\se ( ,delegates1 9 #aghi1 ,mr4 ,p4 calls slav]y 9 t /ate1 a speak+ picture ( abom9able oppression2 & adds3 ,x w n d ?us to 444 act l unrel5t+ tyrants1 p]petually s]moniz+ x ) lib]ty z our text1 & actual oppression = our comm5t>y4 ,is %e ,m>yl& n 444 ! fo/] "m ( petty despots1--! patron ( wanton oppression8 ,extract f a spee* ( ,mr4 ,,rice1 9 ! ,conv5tion = =m+ ! ,con/itution ( ,k5tucky1 9 #agij3 ,! ma/] may1 & (t5 does1 inflict ^u him all ! sev]ity ( puni%m5t ! human body is capable ( be>+4 ,presid5t ,edw>ds1 ! ,y\ng]1 9 a s]mon be=e ! ,connecticut ,abolition ,society1 #agia1 says3 ,f ^! driv]s1 = e imag9$1 z well z real neglect or want ( ex]tion1 !y receive ! la%--! smack ( :i* is all day long 9 ! e>s ( ^? :o are on ! plantation or 9 ! vic9ity2 & x is us$ ) su* dext]ity & sev]ity1 z n only to lac]ate ! sk91 b to te> out small portions ( ! fle% at almo/ e /roke4 ,?is is ! g5]al treatm5t ( ! slaves4 ,b _m individuals suff] /ill m sev]ely4 ,_m1 _m are knock$ d[n2 "s h _! eyes beat5 out3 "s h an arm or a leg brok51 or *opp$ (f2 & _m1 = a v small1 or = no crime at all1 h be5 beat5 to dea?1 m]ely to gratify ! fury ( an enrag$ ma/] or ov]se]4 ,extract f an oration1 deliv]$ at ,baltimore1 ,july #d1 #agig1 by ,,george ,,bu*anan1 ,m4,d41 memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society4 ,_! situation 7! slaves'7 is insupportable2 mis]y inhabits _! cab9s1 & pursues !m 9 ! field4 ,inhumanly beat51 !y (t5 fall sacrifices to ! turbul5t temp]s ( _! ma/]s6 ,:o is !re1 unless inur$ to savage cruelties1 t c he> ( ! inhuman puni%m5ts daily inflict$ ^u ! un=tunate blacks1 )\t feel+ = !m8 ,c a man :o calls himself a ,*ri/ian1 coolly & delib]ately tie up1 ?umb-screw1 torture ) p9c]s1 & beat unm]cifully a poor slave1 = p]haps a trifl+ neglect ( duty8--p4 #ad4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,hon4 ,,john ,,r&olph1 ,,( ,,roanoke--,a ,,slavehold]4 ,9 "o ( 8 ,congressional spee*es1 ,mr4 ,r4 says3 ,av>ice alone c drive1 z x does drive1 ?is inf]nal traffic1 & ! wret*$ victims ( x1 l s _m po/-horses :ipp$ to dea? 9 a mail coa*4 ,ambition has its cov]-sluts 9 ! pride1 pomp1 & circum/ance ( glori\s w>2 b :]e are ! trophies ( av>ice8 ,! h&-cuff2 ! manacle1 ! blood-/a9$ c[hide6 ,,major ,,/odd>d1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' army1 :o took possession ( ,l\isiana 9 behalf ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "u ! cession ( #ahjd1 9 8 ,sket*es ( ,l\isiana1 page #ccb1 says3 ,! feel+s ( humanity are outrag$--! mo/ odi\s tyranny ex]cis$ 9 a l& ( fre$om1 & hung] & nak$ness prevail amid/ pl5ty4 99 99 99 ,cruel1 & ev5 unusual puni%m5ts are daily inflict$ on ^! wret*$ creatures1 enfeebl$ ) hung]1 labor & ! la%4 ,! sc5es ( mis]y & di/ress con/antly witness$ along ! coa/ ( ! ,delta1 ( ! ,mississippi1 ! w\nds & lac]ations occasion$ by demoraliz$ ma/]s & ov]se]s1 torture ! feel+s ( ! pass+ /rang]1 & wr+ blood f ! he>t4 ,?\gh only ! ?ird ( ! foll[+ s]ies ( resolutions is directly relevant to ! subject n[ "u consid]ation1 we ins]t ! o!r resolutions1 bo? because !y are explanatory ( ! ?ird1 & also s]ve to reveal ! public s5tim5t ( ,indiana1 at ! date ( ! resolutions4 ,z a l>ge majority ( ! citiz5s ( ,indiana at t "t1 7 natives ( slave /ates1 !y well knew ! actual condition ( ! slaves4 #a4 ,,resolv$ ,,unanim\sly1 by ! ,legislative ,c\ncil & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ,indiana ,t]ritory1 t a susp5sion ( ! six? article ( compact betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! t]ritories & /ates nor? we/ ( ! riv] ,ohio1 pass$ ! #ac? day ( ,janu>y1 #aghc1 = ! t]m ( t5 ye>s1 w\ld be highly advantage\s to ! t]ritory1 & meet ! approbation ( at lea/ n9e-t5?s ( ! good citiz5s ( ! same4 #b4 ,,resolv$ ,,unanim\sly1 t ! ab/ract "q ( lib]ty & slav]y1 is n consid]$ z involv$ 9 a susp5sion ( ! said article1 inasmu* z ! numb] ( slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld n be augm5t$ by ! measure4 #c4 ,,resolv$ ,,unanim\sly1 t ! susp5sion ( ! said article w\ld be equally advantage\s to ! t]ritory1 to ! /ates f :5ce ! negroes w\ld be br\ght1 & to ! negroes !mselves4 ,! /ates :i* are ov]bur!n$ ) negroes :i* !y _c com=tably support2 99 99 & ,,! ,,negro ,,himself ,,w\ld ,,ex*ange ,a ,,scanty ,,pittance ,,( ,,! ,,co>se/ ,,food1 = a pl5tiful & n\ri%+ diet2 & a situation :i* admits n ! mo/ di/ant prospect ( emancipation1 = "o :i* pres5ts no consid]able ob/acle to 8 wi%es4 #d4 ,,resolv$ ,,unanim\sly1 t a copy ( ^! resolutions be deliv]$ to ! delegate to ,congress f ?is t]ritory1 & t he be1 & he h]eby is1 in/ruct$ to use 8 be/ endeavors to obta9 a susp5sion ( ! said article4 ,j4,b4 ,,?omas1 ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,,pi]re ,,m9>d1 ,presid5t pro tem4 ( ! ,legislative ,c\ncil4 ,v9c5nes1 ,dec4 #bj1 #ahjf4 ,=w>d$ to ! ,speak] ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,s5ate1 by ,,william ,,h5ry ,,h>rison1 ,gov]nor--,am]ican ,/ate ,pap]s vol #a4 p4 #dfg4 ,,monsieur ,c4,c4 ,,rob91 :o resid$ 9 ,l\isiana f #ahjb to #ahjf1 & publi%$ a volume conta9+ ! results ( 8 obs]vations !re1 ?us speaks ( ! condition ( ! slaves3 ,:ile !y are at labor1 ! manag]1 ! ma/]1 or ! driv] has commonly ! :ip 9 h& to /rike ! idle4 ,b ^? ( ! negroes :o are judg$ guilty ( s]i\s faults1 are puni%$ tw5ty1 tw5ty-five1 =ty1 fifty1 or "o hundr$ la%es4 ,! mann] ( ?is cruel execution is z foll[s3 f\r /akes are driv5 d[n1 mak+ a long squ>e2 ! culprit is ext5d$ nak$ betwe5 ^! /akes1 face d[nw>ds2 8 h&s & 8 feet are b\nd sep>ately1 ) /rong cords1 to ea* ( ! /akes1 s f> ap>t t 8 arms & legs1 /ret*$ 9 ! =m ( ,/4 ,&rew's cross1 give ! poor wret* no *ance ( /irr+4 ,!n ! execution]1 :o is ord9>ily a negro1 arm$ ) ! long :ip ( a coa*man1 /rikes ^u ! re9s & ?ighs4 ,! crack ( 8 :ip res\nds af>1 l t ( an angry c>tman beat+ 8 horses4 ,! blood fl[s1 ! long w\nds cross ea* o!r1 /rips ( sk9 are rais$ )\t s(t5+ ei!r ! h& ( ! execution] or ! he>t ( ! ma/]1 :o cries '/+ him h>d]4' ,! read] is mov$2 s am ,i3 my agitat$ h& refuses to trace ! bloody picture1 to rec\nt h[ _m times ! pi]c+ cry ( pa9 has int]rupt$ my sil5t occupations2 h[ _m times ,i h %udd]$ at ! faces ( ^? b>b>\s ma/]s1 :]e ,i saw inscrib$ ! numb] ( victims sacrific$ to _! f]ocity4 ,! wom5 are subject$ to ^! puni%m5ts z rigor\sly z ! m5--n ev5 pregnancy exempts !m2 9 t case1 be=e b9d+ !m to ! /akes1 a hole is made 9 ! gr\nd to accommodate ! enl>g$ =m ( ! victim4 ,x is rem>kable t ! :ite creole wom5 are ord9>ily m inexorable ?an ! m54 ,_! sl[ & languid gait1 & ! trifl+ s]vices :i* !y impose1 betok5 only apa!tic indol5ce2 b %\ld ! slave n promptly obey1 %\ld he ev5 fail to div9e ! mean+ ( _! ge/ures1 or looks1 9 an in/ant !y are arm$ ) a =midable :ip2 x is no long] ! arm :i* _c su/a9 ! weight ( a %awl or a reticule--x is no long] ! =m :i* b feebly su/a9s itself4 ,!y !mselves ord] ! puni%m5t ( "o ( ^! poor creatures1 & ) a dry eye see _! victim b\nd to f\r /akes2 !y c\nt ! bl[s1 & raise a voice ( m5ace1 if ! arm t /rikes relaxes1 or if ! blood does n fl[ 9 suffici5t abundance4 ,_! s5sibility *ang$ to fury mu/ ne$s fe$ itself = a :ile on ! hide\s spectacle2 !y mu/1 z if to revive !mselves1 he> ! pi]c+ %rieks1 & see ! fl[ ( fre% blood2 !re are "s ( !m :o1 9 _! frantic rage1 p9* & bite _! victims4 ,x is by no means wond]ful t ! laws design$ to protect ! slave1 %\ld be little respect$ by ! g5]ality ( su* ma/]s4 ,i h se5 "s ma/]s pay ^? un=tunate p ! mis]able ov]coat :i* is _! due2 b o!rs give !m no?+ at all1 & d n ev5 leave !m ! h\rs & ,sundays grant$ to !m by law4 ,i h se5 "s ( ^? b>b>\s ma/]s leave !m1 dur+ ! w9t]1 9 a /ate ( revolt+ nudity1 ev5 contr>y to _! own true int]e/s1 = !y ?us weak5 & %ort5 ! lives ^u :i* repose ! :ole ( _! own =tunes4 ,i h se5 "s ( ^? negroes oblig$ to conceal _! nak$ness ) ! long moss ( ! c\ntry4 ,! sad melan*oly ( ^! wret*es1 depict$ ^u _! c\nt5ances1 ! flight ( "s1 & ! dea? ( o!rs1 d n reclaim _! ma/]s2 !y wreak ^u ^? :o rema91 ! v5geance :i* !y c no long] ex]cise ^u ! o!rs4 ,,:itman ,,mead1 ,esq4 ( ,new ,york1 9 8 j\rnal1 publi%$ ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago1 "u date ( ,,savannah1 ,janu>y #bh1 #ahag4 ,to "o n accu/om$ to su* sc5es z slav]y pres5ts1 ! condition ( ! slaves is impressively %ock+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my walks1 ,i 0 e :]e witness to _! wret*$ness4 ,l ! brute creatures ( ! nor?1 !y are driv5 ab\t at ! pleasure ( all :o meet !m3 half nak$ & half />v$1 !y drag out a pitiful exi/5ce1 app>5tly almo/ unconsci\s ( :at !y suff]4 ,a ?reat accompanies e comm&1 & a ba/9ado is ! usual rew>d ( disob$i5ce4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,john ,,rank91 ,a native ( ,t5nessee1 educat$ !re1 & = a numb] ( ye>s a prea*] 9 slave /ates--n[ pa/or ( a *ur* 9 ,ripley1 ,ohio4 ,_m poor slaves are /ripp$ nak$1 /ret*$ & ti$ across b>rels1 or l>ge bags1 & tortur$ ) ! la% dur+ h\rs1 & ev5 :ole days1 until _! fle% is mangl$ to ! v bones4 ,o!rs are /ripp$ & hung up by ! arms1 _! feet are ti$ toge!r1 & ! end ( a heavy piece ( timb] is put betwe5 _! legs 9 ord] to /ret* _! bodies1 & s prep>e !m = ! tortur+ la%--& 9 ?is situation !y are (t5 :ipp$ until _! bodies are cov]$ ) blood & mangl$ fle%--& 9 ord] to add ! greate/ ke5ness to _! suff]+s1 _! w\nds are wa%$ ) liquid salt6 ,& "s ( ! mis]able creatures are p]mitt$ to hang 9 t position until !y actually expire2 "s die "u ! la%1 o!rs l+] ab\t = a "t1 & at l5g? die ( _! w\nds1 & _m survive1 & endure aga9 simil> torture4 ,^! bloody sc5es are con/antly exhibit+ 9 e slave hold+ c\ntry--?\s&s ( :ips are e day /a9$ 9 ,african blood6 ,ev5 ! poor females are n p]mitt$ to escape ^! %ock+ cruelties4--,rank9's ,lett]s4 ,^! lett]s 7 publi%$ fifte5 ye>s ago4--,!y 7 address$ to a bro!r 9 ,virg9ia1 :o 0 a slavehold]4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,colonization ,,society4 ,we h he>d ( slav]y z x exi/s 9 ,asia1 & ,africa1 & ,turkey--we h he>d ( ! feudal slav]y "u :i* ! peasantry ( ,europe h groan$ f ! days ( ,al>ic until n[1 b except+ only ! horrible sy/em ( ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s1 we h nev] he>d ( slav]y 9 any c\ntry1 anci5t or mod]n1 ,pagan1 ,mohamm$an1 or ,*ri/ian6 s t]rible 9 its "*1 z ! slav]y :i* exi/s 9 ^! ,unit$ ,/ates4--,sev5? ,report ,am]ican ,colonization ,society1 #ahbd4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,gradual ,,emancipation ,,society ,,( ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a4 ,sign$ by ,moses ,swa91 ,presid5t1 & ,william ,swa91 ,secret>y4 ,9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! /ate1 ! slaves consid]ably outnumb] ! free population4 ,_! situation is !re wret*$ beyond description4 ,impov]i%$ by ! mismanagem5t :i* we h already attempt$ to describe1 ! ma/]1 unable to support 8 own gr&eur & ma9ta9 8 slaves1 puts ! un=tunate wret*es ^u %ort all[ances1 sc>cely suffici5t = _! su/5ance1 s t a great "p ( !m g half nak$ & half />v$ mu* ( ! "t4 ,g5]ally1 ?r\gh\t ! /ate1 ! ,african is an abus$1 a mon/r\sly outrag$ creature4--,see ,m9utes ( ! ,am]ican ,conv5tion1 conv5$ 9 ,baltimore1 ,oct4 #be1 #ahbf4 ,,f ,,niles' ,,baltimore ,,regi/] ,,= #ahbi1 ,,vol #ce1 p4 #d4 ,deal+ 9 slaves has become a l>ge bus9ess4 ,e/abli%m5ts are made at sev]al places 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 at :i* !y are sold l cattle4 ,^! places ( deposit are /rongly built1 & well suppli$ ) iron ?umb-screws & gags1 & ornam5t$ ) catsk9s & o!r :ips--(t5 times bloody4 ,judge ,,ruff91 ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 "o ( 8 judicial decisions1 says--,! slave1 to rema9 a slave1 mu/ feel t !re is ,,no ,,appeal ,,f ,,8 ,,ma/]4 ,no man c anticipate ! provocations :i* ! slave w\ld give1 nor ! consequ5t wra? ( ! ma/]1 prompt+ him to ,,bloody ,,v5geance on ! turbul5t traitor1 a v5geance g5]ally practic$ ) impunity1 by reason ( its ,,privacy4--,see ,:eel]'s ,law ( ,slav]y p4 #bdg4 ,,mr4 ,,moore1 ( ,,virg9ia1 9 8 spee* be=e ! ,legislature ( t /ate1 ,jan4 #ae1 #ahcb1 says3 ,x mu/ be confess$1 t al?\gh ! treatm5t ( our slaves is 9 ! g5]al1 z mild & humane z x c be1 t x mu/ always happ51 t !re w be f\nd hundr$s ( individuals1 :o1 ow+ ei!r to ! natural f]ocity ( _! dispositions1 or to ! effects ( intemp]ance1 w be guilty ( cruelty & b>b>ity t[>ds _! slaves1 :i* is almo/ intol]able1 & at :i* humanity revolts4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,b4 ,,swa91 ,,esq41 ,,( ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a4 ,let any man ( _s & feel+1 = a mom5t ca/ 8 ?\ghts ov] ?is l& ( slav]y--?9k ( ! nak$ness ( "s1 ! hungry ye>n+s ( o!rs1 ! fl[+ te>s & heav+ sighs ( p>t+ relations1 ! wail+s & wo1 ! bloody cut ( ! ke5 la%1 & ! frightful scream t r5ds ! v skies--& all ?is to gratify ambition1 lu/1 pride1 av>ice1 vanity1 & o!r deprav$ feel+s ( ! human he>t4444 ,,! ,,wor/ ,,is ,,n ,,g5]ally ,,kn[n4 ,7 all ! mis]ies1 ! horrors ( slav]y1 to bur/ at once into view1 a peal ( sev5-fold ?und] c\ld sc>ce /rike great] al>m4--,see ,swa9's ,address1 #ahcj4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,dr4 ,,james ,c4 ,,f9ley1 ,son ( ,dr4 ,f9ley1 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,colonization ,society1 & bro!r ( ,r4,s4 ,f9ley1 ag5t ( ! ,am]ican ,colonization ,society4 ,dr4 ,j4,c4 ,f9ley 0 =m]ly "o ( ! editors ( ! ,we/]n ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 at ,c9c9nati1 & is well kn[n 9 ! we/ z utt]ly ho/ile to imm$iate abolition4 ,9 almo/ ! la/ conv]sation ,i _h ) y be=e ,i left ,c9c9nati1 ,i promis$ to give y "s acc\nt ( "s sc5es ( atroci\s cruelty t[>ds slaves1 :i* ,i witness$ :ile ,i liv$ at ! s\?4 ,i almo/ regret hav+ made ! promise1 = n only are !y s atroci\s t y w ) difficulty believe !m1 b ,i also fe> t !y w h ! effect ( driv+ y into t abolitionism1 ^u ! bord]s ( :i* y h be5 s long hesitat+4 ,! p ( ! nor? are ignorant ( ! horrors ( slav]y--( ! atrocities :i* x commits ^u ! unprotect$ slave4 99 99 99 ,i d n "k t any ?+ c\ld be ga9$ by p>ticul>iz+ ! sc5es ( horrible b>b>ity1 :i* fell "u my obs]vation dur+ my %ort resid5ce 9 "o ( ! weal?ie/1 mo/ intellig5t1 & mo/ moral p>ts ( ,georgia4 ,_! numb] & atrocity are su*1 t ,i am confid5t !y w\ld ga9 cr$it ) none b abolitioni/s4 ,e ?+ w be convey$ 9 ! rem>k1 t 9 a /ate ( society calculat$ to fo/] ! wor/ passions ( our nature1 ! slave d]ives no protection ei!r f law or public op9ion1 & t ,,all ! cruelties :i* ! ,russians are report$ to h act$ t[>ds ! ,poles1 aft] _! late subjugation1 ,,are ,,sc5es ,,( ,,e-,,day ,,occurr5ce 9 ! s\!rn /ates4 ,?is /atem5t1 incr$ible z x may seem1 falls %ort1 v f> %ort ( ! tru?4 ,! =ego+ is extract$ f a lett] writt5 by ,dr4 ,f9ley to ,rev4 ,asa ,mahan1 8 =m] pa/or1 !n ( ,c9c9nati1 n[ ,presid5t ( ,ob]l9 ,sem9>y4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,william ,t4 ,,allan1 ,,( ,,ill9ois1 ,son ( a ,slavehold]1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,allan ( ,huntsville1 ,ala4 ,at our h\se x is s common to he> _! 7! slaves'7 screams1 t we ?9k no?+ ( x3 & le/ any "o %\ld ?9k t 9 g5]al ! slaves are well treat$1 let me be di/9ctly und]/ood3--cruelty is ! rule1 & k9dness ! exception4 ,extract ( a lett] dat$ ,july #b;d1 #ahcd1 f ,mr4 ,,na?an ,,cole1 ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri1 to ,ar?ur ,tappan1 ,esq4 ( ?is city3 ,i am n an advocate ( ! imm$iate & unconditional emancipation ( ! slaves ( our c\ntry1 yet no man has ev] yet depict$ ! wret*$ness ( ! situation ( ! slaves 9 colors z d>k = ! tru?4444 ,i "k t _m good p are n aw>e ( ! treatm5t to :i* slaves are usually subject$1 nor h !y any j idea ( ! ext5t ( ! evil4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,james ,a4 ,,?ome1 ,a native ( ,k5tucky--,son ( ,ar?ur ,?ome ,esq41 till rec5tly a ,slavehold]4 ,slav]y is ! p>5t ( m suff]+ ?an has fl[$ f any "o s\rce s9ce ! date ( its exi/5ce4 ,su* suff]+s too6 ,suff]+s inconceivable & innum]able--unm+l$ wret*$ness f ! ties ( nature rudely brok5 & de/roy$1 ! acute/ bodily tortures1 groans1 te>s & blood--ly+ =ev] 9 we>9ess & pa9fulness1 9 wat*+s1 9 hung] & 9 ?ir/1 9 cold & nak$ness4 ,bre?r5 ( ! ,nor?1 be n deceiv$4 ,^! suff]+s /ill exi/1 & despite ! ef=ts ( _! cruel au?ors to hu% !m d[n1 & conf9e !m )9 ! prec9cts ( _! own plantations1 !y w ev] & anon1 /ruggle up & rea* ! e> ( humanity4--,mr4 ,?ome's ,spee* at ,new ,york1 ,may1 #ahcd4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,m>yville 7,,t5nessee7 ,,intellig5c]1 ,,( ,,oct4 #d1 #ahce4 ,! ,editor1 9 speak+ ( ! suff]+s ( ! slaves :i* are tak5 by ! int]nal trade to ! ,s\? ,we/1 says3 ,place y\rself 9 imag9ation1 = a mom5t1 9 _! condition4 ,) heavy gall+ *a9s1 rivet$ ^u y\r p]son2 half-nak$1 half-/>v$2 y\r back lac]at$ ) ! 'knott$ ,:ip2' travel+ to a region :]e y\r condition ?r\gh "t w be second only to ! wret*$ creatures 9 ,hell4 ,?is depict+ is n vision>y4 ,w\ld to ,god t x 04 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,presbyt]ian ,,synod ,,( ,,k5tucky2 ,a l>ge majority ( :om are slavehold]s4 ,?is sy/em lic5ses & produces great cruelty4 ,mangl+1 imprisonm5t1 />vation1 e species ( torture1 may be inflict$ ^u him1 7! slave17 & he has no r$ress4 ,!re are n[ 9 our :ole l& two millions ( human be+s1 expos$1 def5celess1 to e insult1 & e injury %ort ( maim+ or dea?1 :i* _! fell[ m5 may *oose to inflict4 ,!y suff] all t c be inflict$ by wanton caprice1 by grasp+ av>ice1 by brutal lu/1 by malignant spite1 & by insane ang]4 ,_! happ9ess is ! sport ( e :im1 & ! prey ( e passion t may1 occasionally1 or habitually1 infe/ ! ma/]'s bosom4 ,if we c\ld calculate ! am\nt ( wo endur$ by ill-treat$ slaves1 x w\ld ov]:elm e compassionate he>t--x w\ld move ev5 ! obdurate to sympa?y4 ,!re is also a va/ sum ( suff]+ inflict$ ^u ! slave by humane ma/]s1 z a puni%m5t = t idl5ess & misconduct :i* slav]y naturally produces4 ,brutal /ripes & all ! v>i$ k9ds ( p]sonal indignities1 are n ! only species ( cruelty :i* slav]y lic5ses4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,! ,,rev4 ,n4,h4 ,,h>d+1 ,pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 9 ,ox=d1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 a slavehold]4 ,i am greatly surpris$ t y %\ld 9 any =m h be5 ! apologi/ ( a sy/em s full ( deadly poison to all hol9ess & b5evol5ce z slav]y1 ! concoct$ ess5ce ( fraud1 selfi%ness1 & cold he>t$ tyranny1 & ! fruitful p>5t ( unnumb]$ evils1 bo? to ! oppressor & ! oppress$1 ,,! ,,"o ,,?\s&? ,,"p ,,( ,,:i* ,,has ,,nev] ,,be5 ,,br\ght ,,to ,,light4 ,,mr4 ,,asa ,a4 ,,/one1 a !ological /ud5t1 :o liv$ ne> ,nat*ez1 7,mi417 9 #ahcd & #e1 s5t ! foll[+ ) o!r te/imony1 to be publi%$ "u 8 own "n1 9 ! ,n4,y4 ,evangeli/1 :ile he 0 /ill resid+ !re4 ,flogg+s = all (f5ces1 includ+ defici5cies 9 "w1 are frightfully common1 & mo/ t]ribly sev]e4 ,rubb+ ) salt & r$ pepp] is v common aft] a sev]e :ipp+4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,ph9eas ,,smi?1 ,c5treville1 ,allegany ,co41 ,n4,y4 :o liv$ f\r ye>s at ! ,s\?4 ,!y are badly clo!d1 badly f$1 wret*$ly lodg$1 unm]cifully :ipp$1 f mon? to mon?1 f ye> to ye>1 f *ildhood to old age4 ,,rev4 ,,joseph ,m4 ,,sadd1 ,ca/ile1 ,g5essee ,,co4 ,n4,y4 :o 0 till rec5tly a prea*] 9 ,miss\ri1 says1 ,x is true t b>b>\s cruelties are inflict$ ^u !m1 su* z t]rible lac]ations ) ! :ip1 & excruciat+ tortures are sometimes exp]i5c$ f ! ?umb screw4 ,extract ( a lett] f ,,s>ah ,m4 ,,grimk1 dat$ #d? ,mon?1 #bnd1 #ahci ,if ! foll[+ extracts f lett]s :i* ,i h receiv$ f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 w be ( any use ?\ art at lib]ty to publi% !m4 ,i ne$ n say1 t ! names ( ! writ]s are )held ( necessity1 because su* s5tim5ts if utt]$ at ! s\? w\ld p]il _! lives4 ,,extracts --,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #d? ,mon?1 #e?1 #ahce4 ,) reg>d to slav]y ,i mu/ confess1 ?\gh we _h he>d a great deal on ! subject1 we f\nd on com+ ,s\? ! half1 ! wor/ half too1 _h n be5 told u2 n t we h ourselves se5 mu* oppression1 ?\gh truly we h felt its dead5+ influ5ce1 b ! acc\nts we h receiv$ f e tongue t nobly d>es to speak ^u ! subject1 are inde$ deplorable4 ,to quote ! language ( a lady1 :o ) true ,s\!rn hospitality1 receiv$ u at h] mansion4 ,! nor!rn p don't "k any?+ ( slav]y at all1 !y ?9k x is p]petual bondage m]ely1 b ( ! dep? ( degradation t t ^w involves1 !y h no conception2 if !y _h any j idea ( x1 !y w\ld ,i am sure use e ef=t until an end 0 put to su* a %ock+ sy/em4' ,ano!r fri5d writ+ f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & :o su/a9s h]self ! legal relation ( slavehold]1 9 a lett] dat$ ,april #d?1 #ahch1 says--',i h "s "t s9ce1 giv5 y my views on ! subject ( slav]y1 :i* s mu* engrosses y\r att5tion4 ,i w\ld mo/ will+ly =get :at ,i h se5 & he>d 9 my own family1 ) reg>d to ! slaves4 ,i %udd] :5 ,i ?9k ( x1 & increas+ly feel t slav]y is a curse s9ce x leads to su* cruelty4' ,,puni%m5ts4 ,i4 ,,flogg+s4 ,! slaves are t]ribly lac]at$ ) :ips1 paddles1 c42 r$ pepp] & salt are rubb$ into _! mangl$ fle%2 hot br9e & turp5t9e are p\r$ into _! ga%es2 & innum]able o!r tortures inflict$ ^u !m4 ,we w 9 ! fir/ place1 prove by a cl\d ( witnesses1 t ! slaves are :ipp$ ) su* inhuman sev]ity1 z to lac]ate & mangle _! fle% 9 ! mo/ %ock+ mann]1 leav+ p]man5t sc>s & ridges2 aft] e/abli%+ ?is1 we w pres5t a mass ( te/imony1 conc]n+ a great v>iety ( o!r tortures4 ,! te/imony1 = ! mo/ "p1 w be t ( ! slavehold]s !mselves1 & 9 _! own *os5 words4 ,a l>ge portion ( x w be tak5 f ! adv]tisem5ts1 :i* !y h publi%$ 9 _! own newspap]s1 describ+ by ! sc>s on _! bodies made by ! :ip1 _! own runaway slaves4 ,to copy ^! adv]tisem5ts entire w\ld require a great am\nt ( space1 & flood ! read] ) a va/ mass ( matt] irrelevant to ! po9t be=e u2 we %all !re=e ins]t only s mu* ( ea*1 z w intelligibly set =? ! precise po9t "u consid]ation4 ,9 ! column "u ! ^w witnesses1 w be f\nd ! "n ( ! individual1 :o signs ! adv]tisem5t1 or = :om x is sign$1 ) 8 or h] place ( resid5ce1 & ! "n & date ( ! pap]1 9 :i* x appe>$1 & g5]ally ! "n ( ! place :]e x is publi%$4 ,opposite ! "n ( ea* witness1 w be an extract1 f ! adv]tisem5t1 conta9+ 8 or h] te/imony4 ,mr4 ,d4 ,judd1 jailor1 ,davidson ,co41 ,t5nessee1 9 ! ,na%ville ,bann]1 ,dec4 #aj?1 #ahch4 ,committ$ to jail z a runaway1 a negro woman nam$ ,m>?a1 #ag or #ah ye>s ( age1 has num]\s sc>s ( ! :ip on h] back4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,nicoll1 ,dauph9 /4 betwe5 ,emmanuel & ,conception /'s1 ,mobile1 ,alabama1 9 ! ,mobile ,comm]cial ,adv]tis]4 ,t5 doll>s rew>d = my woman ,siby1 v mu* sc>r$ ab\t ! neck & e>s by :ipp+4 ,mr4 ,bryant ,johnson1 ,=t ,valley ,h\/on ,co41 ,georgia1 9 ! ,/&>d ( ,union1 ,mill$geville ,ga4 ,oct4 #b1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro woman1 nam$ ,m>ia1 "s sc>s on h] back occasion$ by ! :ip4 ,mr4 ,james ,t4 ,de ,j>nett1 ,v]non1 ,autauga ,co41 ,alabama1 9 ! ,p5sacola ,gazette1 ,july #ad1 #ahch4 ,/ol5 a negro woman1 nam$ ,celia4 ,on exam9+ h] back y w f9d m>ks caus$ by ! :ip4 ,maurice ,y4 ,g>cia1 ,%]iff ( ! ,c\nty ( ,jeff]son1 ,la41 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,augu/1 #ad1 #ahch4 ,lodg$ 9 jail1 a mulatto boy1 hav+ l>ge m>ks ( ! :ip1 on 8 %\ld]s & o!r p>ts ( 8 body4 ,r4,j4 ,bl&1 ,%]iff ( ,claiborne ,co1 ,miss41 9 ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,c\ri]4 ,augu/1 #bh1 #ahch4 ,0 committ$ a negro boy1 nam$ ,tom1 is mu* m>k$ ) ! :ip4 ,mr4 ,james ,noe1 ,r$ ,riv] ,l&+1 ,la41 9 ! ,s5t9el1 ,vicksburg1 ,miss41 ,augu/ #bb1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 a negro fell[ nam$ ,dick--has _m sc>s on 8 back f be+ :ipp$4 ,william ,craze1 jailor1 ,alex&ria1 ,la4 9 ! ,plant]'s ,intellig5c]4 ,sept4 #bf1 #ahch4 ,committ$ to jail1 a negro slave--8 back is v badly sc>r$4 ,john ,a4 ,r[l&1 jailor1 ,lumb]ton1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,fayetteville 7,n4,c47 ,obs]v]1 ,june #bj1 #ahch4 ,committ$1 a mulatto fell[--8 back %[s la/+ impressions ( ! :ip1 & leaves no d\bt ( 8 be+ ,a ,,slave ,j4,k4 ,rob]ts1 %]iff1 ,bl\nt c\nty1 ,ala41 9 ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 ,dec4 #i1 #ahci4 ,committ$ to jail1 a negro man--8 back mu* m>k$ by ! :ip4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,v>illat1 ,no4 #bc ,girod /reet1 ,new ,orleans--9 ! ,comm]cial ,bullet91 ,augu/ #bg1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ! negro slave nam$ ,jupit]--has a fre% m>k ( a c[sk9 on "o ( 8 *eeks4 ,mr4 ,cornelius ,d4 ,tol91 ,augu/a1 ,ga41 9 ! ,*ronicle & ,s5t9el1 ,oct4 #ah1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro man nam$ ,johnson--he has a great _m m>ks ( ! :ip on 8 back4 ,w4,h4 ,brasseale1 %]iff2 ,bl\nt c\nty1 ,ala41 9 ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 ,june #i1 #ahch4 ,committ$ to jail1 a negro slave nam$ ,james--mu* sc>r$ ) a :ip on 8 back4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,beasley1 ,macon1 ,ga41 9 ! ,georgia ,mess5g]1 ,july #bg1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 my man ,f\nta9--he is m>k$ on ! back ) ! :ip4 ,mr4 ,john ,wotton1 ,rockville1 ,montgom]y c\nty1 ,m>yl&1 9 ! ,baltimore ,republican1 ,jan4 #ac1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ,bill--has sev]al ,,l>ge ,,sc>s on 8 back f a sev]e :ipp+ 9 e>ly life4 ,d4,s4 ,b5nett1 %]iff1 ,nat*ito*es1 ,la41 9 ! ,h]ald1 ,july #ba1 #ahch4 ,committ$ to jail1 a negro boy :o calls himself ,joe--said negro be>s m>ks ( ! :ip4 ,messrs4 ,c4,c4 ,:itehead1 & ,r4,a4 ,evans1 ,m>ion1 ,georgia1 9 ! ,mill$geville 7,ga47 ,/&>d ( ,union1 ,june #bf1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 negro fell[ ,john--f be+ :ipp$1 has sc>s on 8 back1 arms1 & ?ighs4 ,mr4 ,samuel ,/ew>t1 ,gre5sboro'1 ,ala41 9 ! ,s\!rn ,advocate1 ,huntsville1 ,jan4 #f1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a boy nam$ ,jim--) ! m>ks ( ! :ip on ! small ( ! back1 rea*+ r\nd to ! flank4 ,mr4 ,john ,walk]1 ,no4 #f1 ,banks' ,arcade ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,bullet91 ,augu/ #aa1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ! mulatto boy ,qua%--consid]ably m>k$ on ! back & o!r places ) ! la%4 ,mr4 ,jesse ,be5e1 ,cahawba1 ,ala41 9 ! ,/ate ,intellig5c]1 ,tuskaloosa1 ,dec4 #be1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 my negro man ,billy--he has ! m>ks ( ! :ip4 ,mr4 ,john ,turn]1 ,?oma/on1 ,upson c\nty1 ,georgia--9 ! ,/&>d ( ,union1 ,mill$geville1 ,june #bf1 #ahch4 ,left1 my negro man nam$ ,george--has m>ks ( ! :ip v pla9 on 8 ?ighs4 ,james ,d]rah1 deputy %]iff2 ,claiborne c\nty1 ,mi41 9 ! ,port ,gibson ,correspond5t1 ,april #ae1 #ahcg4 ,committ$ to jail1 negro man ,toy--he has be5 badly :ipp$4 ,s4,b4 ,murphy1 %]iff1 ,wilk9son c\nty1 ,georgia--9 ! ,mill$geville ,j\rnal1 ,may #ae1 #ahch4 ,br\ght to jail1 a negro man nam$ ,george--he has a great _m sc>s f ! la%4 ,mr4 ,l4,e4 ,coon]1 ,bran*ville ,orangeburgh ,di/rict1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a--9 ! ,macon ,mess5g]1 ,may #be1 #ahcg4 ,"o hundr$ doll>s rew>d1 = my negro ,glasg[1 & ,kate1 8 wife4 ,glasg[ is #bd ye>s old--has m>ks ( ! :ip on 8 back4 ,kate is #bf--;has a sc> on h] *eek1 & sev]al m>ks ( a :ip4 ,john ,h4 ,h&1 jailor1 p>i% ( ,we/ ,feliciana1 ,la41 9 ! ,/4 ,francisville ,j\rnal1 ,july #f1 #ahcg ,committ$ to jail1 a negro boy nam$ ,john1 ab\t #ag ye>s old--8 back badly m>k$ ) ! :ip1 8 upp] lip & *9 sev]ely bruis$4 ,! prec$+ are extracts f adv]tisem5ts publi%$ 9 s\!rn pap]s1 mo/ly 9 ! ye> #ahch4 ,!y are ! m]e samples ( hundr$s ( simil> ones publi%$ dur+ ! same p]iod1 ) :i*1 z ! prec$+ are q suffici5t to %[ ! commonness ( inhuman flogg+s 9 ! slave /ates1 we ne$ n burd5 ! read]4 ,! =ego+ te/imony is1 z ! read] p]ceives1 t ( ! slavehold]s !mselves1 volunt>ily c]tify+ to ! outrages :i* _! own h&s h committ$ ^u def5celess & innoc5t m5 & wom51 ov] :om !y h assum$ au?ority4 ,we h giv5 to _! te/imony prec$5ce ov] t ( all o!r witnesses1 = ! reason t :5 m5 te/ify aga9/ !mselves !y are "u no temptation to exagg]ate4 ,we w n[ pres5t ! te/imony ( a l>ge numb] ( individuals1 ) _! names & resid5ces1--p]sons :o witness$ ! inflictions to :i* !y te/ify4 ,_m ( !m h be5 slavehold]s1 & all resid5ts = long] or %ort] p]iods 9 slave /ates4 ,rev4 ,,john ,h4 ,,curtiss1 a native ( ,deep ,creek1 ,norfolk c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 n[ a local prea*] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ,portage co41 ,ohio1 te/ifies z foll[s3-- ,9 #ahbi or #cj1 "o ( my fa!r's slaves 0 accus$ ( tak+ ! key to ! (fice & /eal+ f\r or five doll>s3 he d5i$ x4 ,a con/able by ! "n ( ,hull 0 call$2 he took ! ,negro1 v delib]ately ti$ 8 h&s1 & :ipp$ him till ! blood ran freely d[n 8 legs4 ,by ?is "t ,hull appe>$ tir$1 & /opp$2 he !n took a rope1 put a slip noose ar\nd 8 neck1 & told ! negro he 0 go+ to kill him1 at ! same "t drew ! rope & began :ipp+3 ! ,negro fell2 8 *eeks look$ z ?\gh !y w\ld bur/ ) /rangulation4 ,hull :ipp$ & kick$ him1 till ,i really ?\ght he 0 go+ to kill him2 :5 he ceas$1 ! negro 0 9 a complete gore ( blood f head to foot4 ,mr4 ,,david ,,hawley1 a class-lead] 9 ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 at ,/4 ,alban's1 ,lick+ c\nty1 ,ohio1 :o mov$ f ,k5tucky to ,ohio 9 #ahca1 te/ifies z foll[s3-- ,9 ! ye> #ahba or #b1 ,i saw a slave hung = kill+ 8 ma/]4 ,! ma/] _h :ipp$ ! slave's "m to ,,dea?1 &1 lock+ him 9 a room1 ?reat5$ him ) ! same fate2 &1 c[hide 9 h&1 _h begun ! "w1 :5 ! slave jo9$ battle & slew ! ma/]4 ,,samuel ,,ellison1 a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 =m]ly ( ,s\?ampton c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 n[ ( ,m>lbor\gh1 ,/>k c\nty1 ,ohio1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony3-- ,:ile a resid5t ( ,s\?ampton c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 ,i knew two m51 aft] hav+ be5 sev]ely treat$1 endeavor to make _! escape4 ,9 ?is !y fail$--7 tak51 ti$ to trees1 & :ipp$ to dea? by _! ov]se]4 ,i liv$ a mile f ! negro qu>t]s1 &1 at t di/ance1 c\ld frequ5tly he> ! screams ( ! poor creatures :5 beat51 & c\ld also he> ! bl[s giv5 by ! ov]se] ) "s heavy in/rum5t4 ,major ,,horace ,,nye1 ( ,putnam1 ,ohio1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony ( ,mr4 ,wm4 ,arm/rong1 ( t place1 a capta9 & sup]c>go ( boats desc5d+ ! ,mississippi riv]3-- ,at ,bay\ ,s>ah1 ,i saw a slave /ak$ out1 ) 8 face to ! gr\nd1 & :ipp$ ) a l>ge :ip1 :i* laid op5 ! fle% = ab\t two & a half in*es e /roke4 ,i /ay$ ab\t five m9utes1 b c\ld /& x no long]1 & left !m :ipp+4 ,mr4 ,,/eph5 ,e4 ,,maltby1 inspector ( provisions1 ,sk5eateles1 ,new ,york1 :o has resid$ 9 ,alabama1 speak+ ( ! condition ( ! slaves1 says3-- ,i h se5 !m cruelly :ipp$4 ,i w relate "o in/ance4 ,"o ,sabba? morn+1 be=e ,i got out ( my b$1 ,i he>d an outcry1 & got up & w5t to ! w9d[1 :5 ,i saw "s six or eight boys1 f eight to twelve ye>s ( age1 ne> a rack 7made = ty+ horses7 on ! public squ>e4 ,a man on horseback rode up1 got (f 8 horse1 took a cord f 8 pocket1 ti$ "o ( ! boys by ! ?umbs to ! rack1 & ) 8 horse:ip la%$ him mo/ sev]ely4 ,he !n unti$ him & rode (f )\t say+ a ^w4 ,x 0 a g5]al practice1 :ile ,i 0 at ,huntsville1 ,alabama1 to h a patrol e night2 &1 to my k1 ?is patrol 0 9 ! habit ( trav]s+ ! /reets ) c[-sk9s1 &1 if !y f\nd any slaves out aft] eight o'clock )\t a pass1 to :ip !m until !y 7 out ( rea*1 or to conf9e !m until morn+4 ,mr4 ,j4,g4 ,,baldw91 ( ,middlet[n1 ,connecticut1 a memb] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony3-- ,i travel$ at ! s\? 9 #ahbg3 :5 ne> ,*>lotte1 ,n4,c4 a free color$ man fell into ! road j ahead ( me1 & w5t on peaceably4--,:5 pass+ a public-h\se1 ! l&lord ran out ) a l>ge cudgel1 & appli$ x to ! head & %\ld]s ( ! man ) su* =ce z to %att] x 9 pieces4 ,:5 ! reason ( 8 conduct 0 ask$1 he repli$1 t he own$ slaves1 & he w\ld n p]mit free blacks to come into 8 neighborhood4 ,n long aft]1 ,i /opp$ at a public-h\se ne> ,halifax1 ,n4,c41 betwe5 n9e & t5 o'clock ,p4,m41 to /ay ov] night4 ,a slave sat ^u a b5* 9 ! b>-room asleep4 ,! ma/] came 91 seiz$ a l>ge horse:ip1 &1 )\t any w>n+ or app>5t provocation1 laid x ov] ! face & eyes ( ! slave4 ,! ma/] curs$1 swore1 & swung 8 la%--! slave c[]$ & trembl$1 b said n a ^w4 ,^u inquiry ! next morn+1 ,i asc]ta9$ t ! only (f5ce 0 fall+ asleep1 & ?is too 9 consequ5ce ( hav+ be5 up ne>ly all ! previ\s night1 9 att5dance ^u company4 ,rev4 ,,joseph ,m4 ,,sadd1 ( ,ca/ile1 ,n4,y41 :o has lately left ,miss\ri1 :]e he 0 pa/or ( a *ur* = "s ye>s1 says3-- ,9 "o case1 ne> :]e we liv$1 a runaway slave1 :5 br\ght back1 0 mo/ cruelly beat5--ba!d 9 ! usual liquid--laid 9 ! sun1 & a physician employ$ to heal 8 w\nds3--!n ! same process ( puni%m5t & heal+ 0 repeat$1 & repeat$ aga91 & !n ! poor creature 0 sold = ! ,new ,orleans m>ket4 ,?is acc\nt we _h f ! physician himself4 ,,mr4 ,,abraham ,,bell1 ( ,p\ghkeepsie1 ,new ,york1 a memb] ( ! ,scot* ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 0 employ$1 9 #ahcg & #ch1 9 levell+ & grad+ = a rail-road 9 ! /ate ( ,georgia3 he _h "u 8 direction1 dur+ ! :ole "t1 ?irty slaves4 ,mr4 ,b4 gives ! foll[+ te/imony3-- ,all ! slaves _h _! backs sc>r$1 f ! (t-repeat$ :ipp+s !y _h receiv$4 ,mr4 ,,alonzo ,,b>n>d1 ( ,f>m+ton1 ,ohio1 :o 0 9 ,mississippi 9 #ahcg & #h1 says3-- ,! slaves 7 (t5 sev]ely :ipp$4 ,i saw "o woman v sev]ely :ipp$ = accid5tally cutt+ up a /alk ( cotton4#h ,:5 !y 7 :ipp$ !y 7 commonly held d[n by f\r m53 if ^! c\ld n conf9e !m1 !y 7 fa/5$ by /akes driv5 firmly into ! gr\nd1 & !n la%$ (t5 s z to draw blood at ea* bl[4 ,i saw "o woman :o _h lately be5 deliv]$ ( a *ild 9 consequ5ce ( cruel treatm5t4 ,footnote #h3 ,mr4 ,cornelius ,johnson1 ( ,f>m+ton1 ,ohio1 0 also a witness to ?is inhuman outrage ^u an unprotect$ woman1 = ! un9t5tional de/ruction ( a /alk ( cotton6 ,9 8 te/imony he is m p>ticul>1 & says1 t ! numb] ( la%es inflict$ ^u h] by ! ov]se] 0 ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,fifty4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,,lyman1 late pa/or ( ! ,free ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* at ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 says3-- ,!re 0 a /eam cotton press1 9 ! vic9ity ( my bo>d+-h\se at ,new ,orleans1 :i* 0 driv5 night & day1 )\t int]mission4 ,my curiosity l$ me to look at ! int]ior ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,!re ,i saw sev]al slaves engag$ 9 roll+ cotton bags1 fa/5+ ropes lad+ c>ts1 c4 ,! presid+ g5ius ( ! place 0 a driv]1 :o held a rope f\r feet long 9 8 h&1 :i* he wield$ ) cruel dext]ity4 ,he us$ x 9 s+le bl[s1 j z ! m5 7 lift+ to tight5 ! bale cords4 ,x seem$ to me t he 0 desir\s to edify me ) a specim5 ( 8 au?ority2 at any rate ! cruelty 0 horrible4 ,mr4 ,,john ,,vance1 a memb] ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 9 ,/4 ,albans1 ,lick+ c\nty1 ,ohio1 :o mov$ f ,culpepp] c\nty1 ,va41 8 native /ate 9 #ahad1 te/ifies z foll[s3-- ,9 #ahbf1 ,i saw a woman by ! "n ( ,mallix1 flog h] female slave ) a horse-:ip s horribly t %e 0 wa%$ 9 salt & wat] sev]al days1 to keep h] bruises f mortify+4 ,9 #ahaa1 ,i 0 return+ f mill1 9 ,%5&oah c\nty1 :5 ,i he>d ! cry ( murd]1 9 ! field ( a man nam$ ,pa9t]4 ,i rode to ! place to see :at 0 go+ on4 ,two m51 by ! names ( ,john ,morgan & ,mi*ael ,sigl>1 _h he>d ! cry & came runn+ to ! place4 ,i saw ,pa9t] beat+ a negro ) a trem5d\s club1 or small h&spike1 swe>+ he w\ld kill him3 b he 0 rescu$ by ,morgan & ,sigl>4 ,i le>n$ t ,pa9t] _h comm5c$ flogg+ ! slave = n gett+ to "w soon en\gh4 ,he _h escap$1 & tak5 refuge "u a pile ( rails t 7 on "s timb]s up a little f ! gr\nd4 ,! ma/] _h put fire to "o end1 & /ood at ! o!r ) 8 club1 to kill him z he came out4 ,! pile 0 /ill burn+4 ,pa9t] said he 0 a turbul5t fell[ & he w\ld kill him4 ,! appreh5sion ( ,p4 0 ,,talk$ ,,ab\t1 b1 z a compromise1 ! negro 0 sold to ano!r man4 ,,extract ,,f ,,! ,,publi%$ ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,! ,,late ,,wm4 ,,sav]1 ( ,philadelphia1 an em95t m9i/] ( ! ,religi\s ,society ( ,fri5ds3-- #f? mo4 #bb;d1 #agia4 ,we pass$ on to ,augu/a1 ,georgia4 ,!y c sc>cely tol]ate u1 on acc\nt ( our abhorr5ce ( slav]y4 ,on ! #bh? we got to ,savannah1 & lodg$ at "o ,bl\nt's1 a h>d-he>t$ slavehold]4 ,"o ( 8 lads1 ag$ ab\t f\rte51 0 ord]$ to g & milk ! c[3 & fall+ asleep1 ?r\gh we>9ess1 ! ma/] call$ out & ord]$ him a flogg+4 ,i ask$ him :at he meant by a flogg+4 ,he repli$1 ! way we s]ve !m "h is1 we cut _! backs until !y are raw all ov]1 & !n salt !m4 ,^u ?is my feel+s 7 r\s$2 ,i told him t 0 too bad1 & qu]i$ 99if x 7 possible2 he repli$ x 01 ) _m curses ^u ! blacks4 ,at supp] ?is unfeel+ wret* crav$ a bless+6 ,next morn+ ,i he>d "s "o begg+ = m]cy1 & also ! la% z ( a :ip4 ,n kn[+ :5ce ! s\nd came1 ,i rose1 & pres5tly f\nd ! poor boy ti$ up to a po/1 8 toes sc>cely t\*+ ! gr\nd1 & a negro :ipp]4 ,he _h already cut him 9 an unm]ciful mann]1 & ! blood ran to 8 heels4 ,i /epp$ 9 betwe5 !m1 & ord]$ him unti$ imm$iately1 :i*1 ) "s reluctance & a/oni%m5t1 0 done4 ,return+ to ! h\se ,i saw ! l&lord1 :o !n %[$ himself 9 8 true colors1 ! mo/ abom9ably wick$ man ,i ev] met )1 full ( horrid execrations & ?reat5+s ^u all nor!rn p2 b ,i did n sp>e him2 :i* occasion$ a by/&] to say1 ) an oa?1 t ,i %\ld be popp$ ov]4 ,we left !m1 & 7 9 full expectation ( _! way-lay+ or com+ aft] u1 b ! ,"l re/ra9$ !m4 ,! next h\se we /opp$ at we f\nd ! same wick$ _s4 ,col4 ,,elijah ,,ellswor?1 ( ,ri*field1 ,ohio1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony3-- ,eight or t5 ye>s ago ,i 0 9 ,putnam c\nty1 9 ! /ate ( ,georgia1 at a ,mr4 ,slaught]'s1 ! fa!r ( my bro!r's wife4 ,a negro1 t belong$ to ,mr4 ,walk]1 7,i believe17 0 accus$ ( /eal+ a p$l>'s trunk4 ,! negro d5i$1 b1 )\t c]emony1 0 la%$ to a tree--! :ipp+ comm5c$--six or eight m5 took turns--! poor fell[ begg$ = m]cy1 b )\t effect1 until he 0 lit]ally cut to pieces1 f 8 %\ld]s to 8 hips1 & cov]$ ) a gore ( blood4 ,:5 he said ! trunk 0 9 a /ack ( fodd]1 he 0 unla%$4 ,!y proce$$ to ! /ack1 b f\nd no trunk4 ,!y ask$ ! poor fell[1 :at he li$ ab\t x =2 he said1 ,"l1 ,massa1 to keep f be+ :ipp$ to dea?2 ,i "k no?+ ab\t ! trunk4 ,!y comm5c$ ! :ipp+ ) r$\bl$ vigor1 until ,i really suppos$ he w\ld be :ipp$ to dea? on ! spot2 & su* %rieks & cry+ = m]cy6 ,aga9 he ackn[l$g$1 & aga9 !y 7 defeat$ 9 f9d+1 & ! same reason giv5 z be=e4 ,"s 7 = :ipp+ aga91 o!rs ?\ght he w\ld n survive ano!r1 & !y ceas$4 ,ab\t two mon?s aft]1 ! trunk 0 f\nd1 & x 0 !n asc]ta9$ :o ! ?ief 03 & ! poor fell[1 aft] be+ ne>ly beat to dea?1 & twice made to lie ab\t x1 0 z innoc5t z ,i 04 ,! foll[+ /atem5ts are furni%$ by ,major ,,horace ,,nye1 ( ,putnam1 ,musk+um c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahcg1 ,mr4 ,,john ,h4 ,,moorehead1 a p>tn] ( m9e1 desc5d$ ! ,mississippi ) sev]al boat loads ( fl\r4 ,he told me t float+ 9 a place 9 ! ,mississippi1 :]e he c\ld see = miles a head1 he p]ceiv$ a conc\rse ( p on ! bank1 t = at lea/ a mile & a half above he saw !m1 & he>d ! screams ( "s p]son1 & f a great di/ance1 ! crack ( a :ip1 he run ne> ! %ore1 & saw !m :ipp+ a black man1 :o 0 on ! gr\nd1 & at t "t ne>ly unable to scream1 b ! :ip cont9u$ to be appli$ )\t int]mission1 z long z he 0 9 sight1 say f "o mile & a half1 to two miles bel[--he probably saw & he>d !m = "o h\r 9 all4 ,he express$ ! op9ion t ! man c\ld n survive4 ,ab\t f\r weeks s9ce ,i _h a conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,port]1 a respectable citiz5 ( ,morgan c\nty ( ?is /ate1 ( ab\t fifty ye>s ( age4 ,he told me t he =m]ly travel$ ab\t five ye>s 9 ! s\!rn /ates1 & t on "o occasion he /opp$ at a private h\se1 to /ay all night2 7,i ?9k x 0 9 ,virg9ia17 :ile he 0 conv]s+ ) ! man1 8 wife came 91 & compla9$ t ! w5* _h brok5 "s article 9 ! kit*51 & t %e mu/ be :ipp$4 ,he took ! woman into ! door y>d1 /ripp$ h] clo!s d[n to h] hips--ti$ h] h&s toge!r1 & draw+ !m up to a limb1 s t %e c\ld j t\* ! gr\nd1 took a v l>ge c[sk9 :ip1 & comm5c$ flogg+2 he said t e /roke at fir/ rais$ ! sk91 & imm$iately ! blood came ?r\gh2 ?is he cont9u$1 until ! blood /ood 9 a puddle d[n at h] feet4 ,he !n turn$ to my in=mant & said1 ',well1 ,yankee1 :at d y ?9k ( t8' ,,extract ,,( ,a ,,lett] ,,f ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,du/91 a memb] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 &1 :5 ! lett] 0 writt51 #ahce1 a /ud5t ( ,m>ietta ,college1 ,ohio4 ,i f9d by look+ ov] my j\rnal t ! murd]+1 :i* ,i spoke ( ye/]day1 took place ab\t ! fir/ ( ,june1 #ahcd4 ,)\t comm5t+ ^u ?is act ( cruelty1 or giv+ v5t to my own feel+s1 ,i w simply give y a /atem5t ( ! fact1 z kn[n f p]sonal obs]vation4 ,dr4 ,k4 a man ( weal?1 & a practis+ physician 9 ! c\nty ( ,yazoo1 /ate ( ,mississippi1 p]sonally kn[n to me1 hav+ liv$ 9 ! same neighborhood m ?an twelve mon?s1 aft] hav+ sc\rg$ "o ( 8 negroes = runn+ away1 decl>$ ) an oa?1 t if he ran away aga91 he w\ld kill him4 ,! negro1 s soon z an opportunity (f]$1 ran away aga94 ,he 0 caught & br\ght back4 ,aga9 he 0 sc\rg$1 until 8 fle%1 mangl$ & torn1 & ?ick m+l$ ) ! clott$ blood1 roll$ f 8 back4 ,he became app>5tly ins5sible1 & b5ea? ! heavie/ /roke w\ld sc>cely utt] a groan4 ,! ma/] got tir$1 laid d[n 8 :ip & nail$ ! negro's e> to a tree2 9 ?is condition1 nail$ fa/ to ! rugg$ wood1 he rema9$ all night6 ,suffice x to say1 9 ! conclusion1 t ! next day he 0 f\nd ,,dead6 ,well1 :at did !y d ) ! ma/]8 ,! sum total ( x is ?is3 he 0 tak5 be=e a magi/rate & gave bonds1 = 8 appe>ance at ! next c\rt4 ,well1 to be sure he _h pl5ty ( ca%1 s he paid up 8 bonds & mov$ away1 & !re ! matt] end$4 ,if ! above fact w be ( any s]vice to y 9 exhibit+ to ! _w ! condition ( ! un=tunate negroes1 y are at lib]ty to make use ( x 9 any way y ?9k be/4 ,y\rs1 frat]nally1 ,m4 ,,du/94 ,mr4 ,,alfr$ ,,wilk9son1 a memb] ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* 9 ,sk5eateles1 ,n4,y4 & ! assessor ( t t[n1 has furni%$ ! foll[+3 ,i w5t d[n ! ,mississippi 9 ,decemb]1 #ahch & saw twelve ( f\rte5 negroes puni%$ on "o plantation1 by /ret*+ !m on a ladd] & ty+ !m to x2 !n /ripp+ (f _! clo!s1 & :ipp+ !m on ! nak$ fle% ) a heavy :ip1 ! la% sev5 or eight feet long3 mo/ ( ! /rokes cut ! sk94 ,i und]/ood !y 7 :ipp$ = n do+ ! tasks allott$ to !m4 ,,f ,,! ,,philan?ropi/1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 ,feb4 #bf1 #ahci4 ,a v intellig5t lady ! wid[ ( a highly respectable prea*] ( ! gospel ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 =m]ly a resid5t ( a free /ate1 & a colonizationi/1 & a /rong antiabolitioni/1 :o1 al?\gh an enemy to slav]y1 0 oppos$ to abolition on ! gr\nd t x 0 = c>ry+ ?+s too rapidly1 & )\t reg>d to circum/ances1 & especially :o believ$ t abolitioni/s exagg]at$ ) reg>d to ! evils ( slav]y1 & us$ to say t su* m5 ought to g to slave /ates & see = !mselves1 to be conv9c$ t !y did ! slavehold]s inju/ice1 has gone & se5 = h]self4 ,he> h] te/imony4 ,k5tucky1 ,dec4 #be1 #ahce4 ,de> ,mrs4 ,w4--,i am /ill 9 ! l& ( oppression & cruelty1 b hope soon to brea! ! air ( a free /ate4 ,my s\l is sick ( slav]y1 & ,i rejoice t my "t is ne>ly expir$3 b ! sc5es t ,i h witness$ h made an impression t nev] c be effac$1 & h inspir$ me ) ! det]m9ation to unite my feeble ef=ts ) ^? :o are labor+ to suppress ?is horrid sy/em4 ,i am n[ an abolitioni/4 ,y w cease to be surpris$ at ?is1 :5 ,i in=m y1 t ,i h j se5 a poor slave :o 0 beat5 by 8 inhuman ma/] until he c\ld nei!r walk nor /&4 ,i saw him f my w9d[ c>ri$ f ! b>n :]e he _h be5 :ipp$ to ! cab91 by two negro m52 & he n[ lies !re1 & if he recov]s1 w be a suff]] = mon?s1 & probably = life4 ,y w d\btless suppose t he committ$ "s great crime2 b x 0 n s4 ,he 0 call$ ^u by a "y man 7! son ( 8 ma/]17 to d some?+1 & n mov+ z quickly z 8 "y ma/] wi%$ him to d1 he drove him to ! b>n1 knock$ him d[n1 & jump$ ^u him1 /amp$1 & !n c[hid$ him until he 0 almo/ dead4 ,?is is n ! fir/ act ( cruelty t ,i h se51 ?\gh x is ! wor/2 & ,i am conv9c$ t ^? :o h describ$ ! cruelties ( slavehold]s1 h n exagg]at$4 ,,extract ,,( ,a ,,lett] ,,f ,,g]rit ,,smi?1 ,esq41 ( ,pet]boro'4 ,n4,y4 ,pet]boro'1 ,decemb] #a1 #ahch4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,union ,h]ald3 ,my de> ,sir3--,y w be happy to he>1 t ! two fugitive slaves1 to :om 9 ! bro!rly love ( y\r he>t1 y gave ! use ( y\r horse1 are /ill mak+ undi/urb$ progress t[>ds ! mon>*ical l& :i!r republican slaves escape = ! enjoym5t ( lib]ty4 ,!y _h eat5 _! breakfa/1 & 7 seat$ 9 my wagon1 be=e day-dawn1 ?is morn+4 ,fugitive slaves h be=e tak5 my h\se 9 _! way1 b nev] any1 ^: lips & p]sons made s =cible an appeal to my s5sibilities1 & k9dl$ 9 me s mu* abhorr5ce ( ! hell-concoct$ sy/em ( ,am]ican slav]y4 ,! fugitives exhibit$ _! b>e backs to myself & a numb] ( my neighbors4 ,williams' back is comp>atively sc>r$4 ,b1 ,i speak )9 b\nds1 :5 ,i say1 t "o-?ird to "o-half ( ! :ole surface ( ! back & %\ld]s ( poor ,scott1 consi/s ( sc>s & wales result+ f innum]able ga%es4 ,8 natural complexion be+ yell[ & ! call\s places be+ ne>ly black1 8 back & %\ld]s rem9d y ( a spott$ animal4 ,! ,,l\isville ,,report] 7,k5tucky17 ,jan4 #ae1 #ahci1 conta9s ! report ( a trial = inhuman treatm5t ( a female slave4 ,! foll[+ is "s ( ! te/imony giv5 9 c\rt4 ,dr4 ,,con/ant te/ifi$ t he saw ,mrs4 ,maxwell at ! kit*5 door1 :ipp+ ! negro sev]ely1 )\t be+ p>ticul> :e!r %e /ruck h] 9 ! face or n4 ,! negro 0 lac]at$ by ! :ip1 & ! blood fl[+4 ,soon aft]1 on go+ d[n ! /eps1 he saw quantities ( blood on !m1 & on return+1 saw !m aga94 ,%e _h be5 ?9ly clad--b>efoot$ 9 v cold wea!r4 ,sometimes %e _h %oes--sometimes n4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! w9t] %e _h l9sey dresses1 s9ce !n1 calico ones4 ,dur+ ! la/ f\r mon?s1 _h notic$ _m sc>s on h] p]son4 ,at "o "t _h "o ( h] eyes ti$ up = a week4 ,dur+ ! la/ ?ree mon?s seem$ decl9+1 & _h become /upifi$4 ,mr4 ,w9t]s 0 pass+ along ! /reet1 he>d cries1 look$ up ?r\gh ! w9d[ t 0 hoi/$1 saw ! boy :ipp+ h]1 z mu* z =ty or fifty licks1 :ile he /aid4 ,! girl 0 /ripp$ d[n to ! hips4 ,! :ip seem$ to be a c[-hide4 ,:5ev] %e turn$ h] face to him1 he w\ld hit h] across ! face ei!r ) ! butt end or small end ( ! :ip to make h] turn h] back r\nd squ>e to ! la%1 t he might get a fair bl[ at h]4 ,mr4 ,say _h notic$ sev]al w\nds on h] p]son1 *iefly bruises4 ,capta9 ,port]1 keep] ( ! "w-h\se1 into :i* ,milly _h be5 receiv$1 ?\ght ! injuries on h] p]son v bad--"s ( !m appe>$ to be burns--"s bruises or /ripes1 z ( a c[-hide4 ,,lett] ,,( ,,rev4 ,,john ,,rank91 ( ,ripley1 ,ohio1 to ! ,editor ( ! ,philan?ropi/4 ,,ripley1 ,feb4 #bj1 #ahci4 ,"s "t s9ce1 a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ,eb5ez]1 ,br[n c\nty1 ,ohio1 l&$ 8 boat at a po9t on ! ,mississippi4 ,he saw "s di/urbance among ! color$ p on ! bank4 ,he /epp$ up1 to see :at 0 ! matt]4 ,a black man 0 /ret*$ nak$ on ! gr\nd2 8 h&s 7 ti$ to a /ake1 & "o held ea* foot4 ,he 0 doom$ to receive fifty la%es2 b by ! "t ! ov]se] _h giv5 him tw5ty-five ) 8 great :ip1 ! blood 0 /&+ r\nd ! wret*$ victim 9 little puddles4 ,x appe>$ j z if x _h ra9$ blood4--,ano!r obs]v] /epp$ up1 & advis$ to def] ! o!r tw5ty-five to ano!r "t1 le/ ! slave might die2 & he 0 releas$1 to receive ! balance :5 he %\ld h s recruit$ z to be able to be> x & live4 ,! (f5ce 01 com+ "o h\r too late to "w4 ,mr4 ,,rank91 :o is a native ( ,t5nessee1 9 8 lett]s on slav]y1 publi%$ fifte5 ye>s s9ce1 says3 ,a respectable g5tleman1 :o is n[ a citiz5 ( ,flem+sburg1 ,flem+ c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 :5 9 ! /ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 0 invit$ by a slavehold]1 to walk ) him & take a view ( 8 f>m4 ,he compli$ ) ! invitation ?us giv51 & 9 _! walk !y came to ! place :]e ! slaves 7 at "w1 & f\nd ! ov]se] :ipp+ "o ( !m v sev]ely = n keep+ pace ) 8 fell[s--9 va9 ! poor fell[ alleg$ t he 0 sick1 & c\ld n "w4 ,! ma/] seem$ to ?9k all 0 well en\gh1 h5ce he & ! g5tleman pass$ on4 ,9 ! space ( an h\r !y return$ by ! same way1 & f\nd t ! poor slave1 :o _h be5 :ipp$ z !y fir/ pass$ by ! field ( labor1 0 actually dead6 ,?is ,i h f unque/ionable au?ority4 ,extract ( a lett] f a ,,memb] ,,( ,,congress1 to ! ,editor ( ! ,new ,york ,am]ican1 dat$ ,wa%+ton1 ,feb4 #ah1 #ahci4 ,! "n ( ! writ] is ) ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,?ree days ago1 ! inhabitants 9 ! vic9ity ( ! new ,pat5t ,build+ 7 al>m$ by an outcry 9 ! /reet1 :i* prov$ to be t ( a slave :o _h j be5 knock$ d[n ) a brick-bat by 8 pursu+ ma/]4 ,pro/rate on ! gr\nd1 ) a l>ge ga% 9 8 head1 ! poor slave 0 receiv+ ! bl[s ( 8 ma/] on "o side1 & ! kicks ( 8 ma/]'s son on ! o!r4 ,8 cries br\ght a few individuals to ! spot2 b no "o d>$ to int]f]e1 save to exclaim--,y w kill him--:i* 0 met by ! response1 ,he is m9e1 & ,i h a "r to d :at ,i please ) him4 ,! he>t-r5d+ sc5e 0 clos$ f public view by dragg+ ! poor bruis$ & w\nd$ slave f ! public /reet into 8 ma/]'s /able4 ,:at foll[$ is n kn[n4 ,! outcries 7 he>d by memb]s ( ,congress & o!rs at ! di/ance ( ne> a qu>t] ( a mile f ! sc5e4 ,& n[1 p]haps1 y w ask1 is n ! city ar\s$ by ?is flagrant cruelty & brea* ( ! peace8 ,i answ]--n at all4 ,e ?+ is quiet4 ,if ! occurr5ce is m5tion$ at all1 x is spok5 ( 9 :isp]s4 ,f ! ,mobile ,exam9]1 ,augu/ #a1 #ahcg4 ,,police ,,report--,,mayor',s ,,(fice4 ,saturday morn+1 ,augu/ #ab1 #ahcg4 ,8 ,honor ! ,mayor presid+4 ,mr4 ,,mill]1 ( ! f\ndry1 br\ght to ! (fice ?is morn+ a small negro girl ag$ ab\t eight or t5 ye>s1 :om he _h tak5 into 8 h\se "s "t dur+ ! previ\s night4 ,%e _h crawl$ "u ! w9d[ ( 8 b$ room to scre5 h]self f ! night air1 & to f9d a w>m] %elt] ?an ! op5 canopy ( heav5 af=d$4 ,( all objects ( pity t h lately come to our view1 ?is poor little girl mo/ ne$s ! protection ( au?ority1 & ! sympa?ies ( ! *>itable4 ,f ! cruelty ( h] ma/] & mi/ress1 %e has be5 :ipp$1 work$ & />v$1 until %e is n[ a brea?+ skeleton1 h>dly able to /& ^u h] feet4 ,! back ( ! poor little suff]]1 7:i* we ourselves saw17 0 actually cut into /r+s1 & s p]fectly 0 ! fle% worn f h] limbs1 by ! wret*$ treatm5t %e _h receiv$1 t e jo9t %[$ di/9ctly its crevices & protub]ances ?r\gh ! sk94 ,h] little lips clung closely ov] h] tee?--h] *eeks 7 sunk5 & h] head n>r[$1 & :5 h] eyes 7 clos$1 ! lids resembl$ film m ?an fle% or sk94 ,we w\ld desire ( our nor!rn fri5ds su* z *oose to publi% to ! _w _! own v]sion ( ! case we h relat$1 n to =get to add1 9 conclusion1 t ! own] ( ?is little girl is a =eign]1 speaks aga9/ slav]y z an in/itution1 & reads 8 ,bible to 8 wife1 ) ! view ( f9d+ pro(s = 8 op9ions4 ,rev4 ,,william ,,scales1 ( ,lyndon1 ,v]mont1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony 9 a rec5t lett]3 ,i _h a class-mate at ! ,&ov] ,!ological ,sem9>y1 :o sp5t a season at ! s\?1--9 ,georgia1 ,i ?9k--:o relat$ ! foll[+ fact 9 an address be=e ! ,sem9>y4 ,x occasion$ v deep s5sation on ! "p ( oppon5ts4 ,! g5tleman 0 ,mr4 ,julius ,c4 ,an?ony1 ( ,taunton1 ,mass4 ,he graduat$ at ! ,sem9>y 9 #ahce4 ,i d n "k :]e he is n[ settl$4 ,i h no d\bt ( ! fact1 z be 0 an eye-witness ( x4 ,! man ) :om he resid$ _h a v a?letic slave--a valuable fell[--a blacksmi?4 ,on a c]ta9 day a small /rap ( lea!r 0 miss+4 ,! man's little son accus$ ?is slave ( /eal+ x4 ,he d5i$ ! *>ge1 :ile ! boy mo/ confid5tly ass]t$ x4 ,! slave 0 br\ght out into ! y>d & b\nd--8 h&s bel[ 8 knees1 & a /ick cross+ 8 knees1 s t he w\ld lie ^u ei!r side 9 =m ( ! lett] ,s4 ,"o ( ! ov]se]s laid on fifty la%es--he /ill d5i$ ! !ft--0 turn$ ov] & fifty m put on4 ,sometimes ! ma/] & sometimes ! ov]se]s :ipp+--z !y reliev$ ea* o!r to take brea?4 ,!n he 0 = a "t left to himself1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! day receiv$ ,,f\r ,,hundr$ ,,la%es--/ill d5y+ ! *>ge1 ,next morn+ ,mr4 ,an?ony walk$ out--! sun 0 j ris+--he saw ! man greatly enfeabl$1 lean+ aga9/ a /ump4 ,x 0 "t to g to "w--he attempt$ to rise1 b fell back--aga9 attempt$1 & aga9 fell back--/ill mak+ ! attempt1 & /ill fall+ back1 ,mr4 ,an?ony ?\ght1 ne>ly tw5ty times be=e he succe$$ 9 /&+--he !n /agg]$ (f to 8 %op4 ,9 c\rse ( ! morn+ ,mr4 ,a4 w5t to ! door & look$ 94 ,two ov]se]s 7 /&+ by4 ,! slave 0 fev]i% & sick--8 sk9 & m\? dry & p>*$4 ,he 0 v ?ir/y4 ,"o ( ! ov]se]s1 :ile ,mr4 ,a1 0 look+ at him1 inquir$ ( ! o!r :e!r x 7 n be/ to give him a little wat]4 ',no4 damn him1 he w d well en\gh1' 0 ! reply f ! o!r ov]se]4 ,?is 0 all ! relief ga9$ by ! poor slave4 ,a few days aft]1 ! slavehold]'s son confess$ t he /ole ! /rap himself4 ,rev4 ,d4,c4 ,,ea/man1 a m9i/] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal *ur* at ,bloom+burg1 ,fayette c\nty1 ,ohio1 has j =w>d$ a lett]1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,,george ,,roebuck1 an old & respectable f>m]1 ne> ,bloom+burg1 ,fayette c\nty1 ,ohio1 a memb] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal *ur*1 says1 t almo/ =ty-?ree ye>s ago1 he saw 9 ,ba? c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 a slave girl ) a sore betwe5 ! %\ld]s ( ! size & %ape ( a smoo?+ iron4 ,! girl 0 'own$' by "o ,m',neil4 ,a slavehold] :o bo>d$ at ,m',neil's /at$ t ,mrs4 ,m',neil _h plac$ ! a=esaid iron :5 hot1 betwe5 ! girl's %\ld]s1 & produc$ ! sore4 ,roebuck 0 once at ?is ,m',neil's fa!r's1 & :il/ ! old man 0 at morn+ pray]1 he he>d ! son ply+ ! :ip ^u a slave out ( doors4 ,,eli ,,we/1 ( ,concord t[n%ip1 ,fayette c\nty1 ,ohio1 =m]ly ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 a f>m] & an exhort] 9 ! ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant *ur*1 says1 t _m ye>s s9ce he w5t to live ) an uncle :o own$ ab\t fifty negroes4 ,soon aft] 8 arrival1 8 uncle ord]$ 8 wait+ boy1 :o 0 nak$1 to be ti$--8 h&s to horse rack1 & 8 feet toge!r1 ) a rail pass$ betwe5 8 legs1 & held d[n by a p]son at ea* end4 ,9 ?is position he 0 :ipp$1 f neck to feet1 till cov]$ ) blood2 aft] :i* he 0 salt$4 ,8 uncle's slaves receiv$ "o qu>t ( corn ea* day1 & t only1 & 7 all[$ "o h\r ea* day to cook & eat x4 ,!y _h no meat b once 9 ! ye>4 ,su* 0 ! g5]al usage 9 t c\ntry4 ,we/1 aft] ?is1 liv$ "o ye> ) ,esquire ,/>ky & "m4 ,!y _h two hundr$ slaves1 :o receiv$ ! usual treatm5t ( />vation1 nak$ness1 & ! c[hide4 ,!y _h "o lively negro woman :o bore no *ildr54 ,= ?is neglect1 h] mi/ress _h h] back made nak$ & a sev]e :ipp+ inflict$4 ,b z %e cont9u$ b>r51 %e 0 sold to ! 'negro buy]s4' ,,?omas ,,l>rim]1 a deacon 9 ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* at ,bloom+burg1 ,fayette c\nty1 ,ohio1 & a respectable f>m]1 says1 t 9 ,april1 #ahcg1 z he 0 go+ d[n ! ,mississippi riv]1 ab\t fifty miles bel[ ,nat*ez1 he saw ahead1 on ! left side ( ! riv]1 a color$ p]son ti$ to a po/1 & a man ) a driv]'s :ip1 ! la% ab\t eight or t5 feet long4 ,) ?is ! man comm5c$1 ) mu* delib]ation1 to :ip1 ) mu* app>5t =ce1 & cont9u$ till he got out ( sight4 ,:5 com+ up ! riv] =ty or fifty miles bel[ ,vicksburg1 a ,judge ,ow5s came on bo>d ! /eamboat4 ,he 0 own] ( a cotton plantation bel[ !re1 & on be+ told ( ! above :ipp+1 he said t slaves 7 (t5 :ipp$ to dea? = great (f5ces1 su* z /eal+1 c4--b t :5 dea? foll[$1 ! ov]se]s 7 g5]ally sev]ely reprov$6 ,ab\t ! same "t1 he sp5t a night at ,mr4 ,casey's1 ?ree miles f ,columbia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,:il/ !re !y he>d him giv+ ord]s z to :at 0 to be done1 & among/ o!r ?+s1 ,t nigg] mu/ be buri$4 ,on inquiry1 he le>nt t a g5tleman travel+ ) a s]vant1 _h a %ort "t previ\s call$ !re1 & said 8 s]vant _h j be5 tak5 ill1 & he %\ld be "u ! necessity ( leav+ him4 ,he did s4 ,! slave became wor/1 & ,casey call$ 9 a physician1 :o pron\nc$ x an old case1 & said t he mu/ %ortly die4 ,! slave said1 if t 0 ! case he w\ld n[ tell ! tru?4 ,he _h be5 attack$1 a long "t s9ce1 ) a difficulty 9 ! side--8 ma/] swore he w\ld 'h 8 own out ( him' & />t$ (f to sell him1 ) a ?reat to kill him if he told he _h be5 sick1 m ?an a few days4 ,!y saw !m mak+ a r\gh plank box to bury him 94 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahcc1 tw5ty-five or ?irty miles s\? ( ,columbia1 on ! great road ?r\gh ,sumpt]ville di/rict1 !y saw a l>ge company ( female slaves c>ry+ rails & build+ f5ce4 ,?ree ( !m 7 f> advanc$ 9 pregnancy4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 #ahch1 he put up ) a drove ( mules & horses1 at "o ,adams'1 on ! ,drov]s' road1 ne> ! s\? bord] ( ,k5tucky4 ,8 son-9-law1 :o _h liv$ 9 ! s\?1 0 !re4 ,9 conv]sation ab\t pick+ cotton1 he said1 '"s h&s _c get ! sleight ( x4 ,i h a girl :o to-day has done z good a day's "w at grubb+ z any man1 b ,i c\ld n make h] a h& at cotton-pick+4 ,i :ipp$ h]1 & if ,i did x once ,i did x five hundr$ times1 b ,i f\nd %e c\ld n2 s ,i put h] to c>ry+ rails ) ! m54 ,aft] a few days ,i f\nd h] %\ld]s 7 s raw t e rail 0 bloody z %e laid x d[n4 ,i ask$ h] if %e w\ld n r pick cotton ?an c>ry rails4 ',no1' said %e1 ',i don't get :ipp$ n[4' ,,william ,a4 ,,u/ick1 an eld] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* at ,bloom+burg1 & ,mr4 ,g4,s4 ,full]ton1 a m]*ant & memb] ( ! same *ur*1 7 ) ,deacon ,l>rim] on ?is j\rney1 & are witnesses to ! prec$+ facts4 ,mr4 ,,samuel ,,hall1 a tea*] 9 ,m>ietta ,college1 ,ohio1 & =m]ly secret>y ( ! ,colonization society 9 t village1 has rec5tly communicat$ ! facts t foll[4 ,we quote f 8 lett]4 ,! foll[+ horrid flagellation 0 witness$ 9 "p1 till 8 s\l 0 sick1 by ,,mr4 ,,glidd51 an inhabitant ( ,m>ietta1 ,ohio1 :o w5t d[n ! ,mississippi riv]1 ) a boat load ( produce 9 ! autumn ( #ahcg2 x took place at :at is call$ ',mat!ws' or ',ma!ses ,b5d' 9 ,decemb]1 #ahcg4 ,mr4 ,g4 is wor?y ( cr$it4 ,a negro 0 ti$ up1 & flogg$ until ! blood ran d[n & fill$ 8 %oes1 s t :5 he rais$ ei!r foot & set x d[n aga91 ! blood w\ld run ov] _! tops4 ,i c\ld n look on any long]1 b turn$ away 9 horror2 ! :ipp+ 0 cont9u$ to ! numb] ( #ejj la%es1 z ,i und]/ood2 a qu>t ( spirits ( turp5t9e 0 !n appli$ to 8 lac]at$ body4 ,! same negro came d[n to my boat1 to get "s apples1 & 0 s weak f 8 w\nds & loss ( blood1 t he c\ld n get up ! bank1 b fell to ! gr\nd4 ,! crime = :i* ! negro 0 :ipp$1 0 t ( tell+ ! o!r negroes1 t ! ov]se] _h la9 ) 8 wife4 ,mr4 ,hall adds3-- ,! foll[+ /atem5t is made by a "y man f ,we/]n ,virg9ia4 ,he is a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & a /ud5t 9 ,m>ietta ,college4 ,all t prev5ts ! introduction ( 8 "n1 is ! p]il to 8 life1 :i* w\ld probably be ! consequ5ce1 on 8 return to ,virg9ia4 ,8 "* = integrity & v]acity is above suspicion4 ,on ! night ( ! great meteoric %[]1 9 ,nov4 #ahcc4 ,i 0 at ,remley's tav]n1 #ab miles we/ ( ,lewisburg1 ,gre5bri] ,co41 ,virg9ia4 ,a drove ( #ej or #fj negroes /opp$ at ! same place t night4 ,!y usually 'camp out1' b z x 0 excessively muddy1 !y 7 p]mitt$ to come into ! h\se4 ,s f> z my k ext5ds1 'droves1' on _! way to ! s\?1 eat b twice a day1 e>ly 9 ! morn+ & at night4 ,_! supp] 0 a comp\nd ( 'potatoes & meal1' & 01 )\t exception1 ! dirtie/1 blacke/ look+ mess ,i ev] saw4 ,i rem>k$ at ! "t t ! food 0 n z clean1 9 appe>ance1 z t :i* 0 giv5 to a drove ( hogs1 at ! same place ! night previ\s4 ,su* z x 01 h[ev]1 a black woman br\ght x on h] head1 9 a tray or tr\gh two & a half feet long1 :]e ! m5 & wom5 7 promiscu\sly h]d$4 ,! slaves ru%$ up & seiz$ x f ! tr\gh 9 h&fulls1 be=e ! woman c\ld take x (f h] head4 ,!y jump$ at x z if half-fami%$4 ,!y slept on ! floor ( ! room :i* !y 7 p]mitt$ to occupy1 ly+ 9 e =m imag9able1 males & females1 promiscu\sly4 ,!y 7 s ?ick on ! floor1 t 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! room x 0 necess>y to /ep ov] !m4 ,!re 7 ?ree driv]s1 "o ( :om /aid 9 ! room to wat* ! drove1 & ! o!r two slept 9 an adjo9+ room4 ,ea* ( ! latt] took a female f ! drove to lodge ) him1 z is ! common practice ( ! driv]s g5]ally4 ,!re is no d\bt ab\t ?is p>ticul> in/ance1 = !y 7 se5 toge!r4 ,! mud 0 s ?ick on ! floor :]e ?is drove slept1 t x 0 necess>y to take a %ovel1 ! next morn+1 & cle> x out4 ,six or eight 9 ?is drove 7 *a9$2 all 7 = ! s\?4 ,9 ! autumn ( ! same ye> ,i saw a drove ( upw>ds ( a hundr$1 betwe5 #dj & #ej ( !m 7 fa/5$ to "o *a91 ! l9ks be+ made ( iron rods1 z ?ick 9 diamet] z a man's little f+]4 ,?is drove 0 b\nd we/w>d to ! ,ohio riv]1 to be %ipp$ to ! s\?4 ,i h se5 _m droves1 & m or less 9 ea*1 almo/ )\t exception1 7 *a9$4 ,i nev] saw b "o drove1 t w5t on _! way mak+ m]ry4 ,9 t "o !y 7 bl[+ horns1 s++1 c41 & appe>$ z if !y _h be5 dr9k+ :isky4 ,!y g5]ally appe> extremely deject$4 ,i h se5 9 ! c\rse ( five ye>s1 on ! road ne> :]e ,i reside1 #ab or #ae droves at lea/1 pass+ to ! s\?4 ,!y w\ld av]age #dj 9 ea* drove4 ,ne> ! fir/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahcd1 ,i />t$ ab\t sunrise to g to ,lewisburg4 ,x 0 a bitt] cold morn+4 ,i met a drove ( negroes1 #cj or #dj 9 numb]1 rem>kably ragg$ & de/itute ( clo?+4 ,"o little boy p>ticul>ly excit$ my sympa?y4 ,he 0 "s di/ance beh9d ! o!rs1 n be+ able to keep up ) ! re/4 ,al?\gh he 0 %iv]+ ) cold & cry+1 ! driv] 0 pu%+ him up 9 a trot to ov]take ! ma9 gang4 ,all ( !m look$ z if !y 7 half-froz54 ,!re 0 "o rem>kable in/ance ( tyranny1 exhibit$ by a boy1 n m ?an eight ye>s old1 t came "u my obs]vation1 9 a family by ! "n ( ,d----n1 six miles f ,lewisburg4 ,?is y\ng/] w\ld swe> at ! slaves1 & ex]t all ! /r5g? he possess$1 to flog or beat !m1 ) :atev] in/rum5t or weapon he c\ld lay h&s on1 provid$ !y did n obey him in/ant]4 ,he 0 enc\rag$ 9 ?is by 8 fa!r1 ! ma/] ( ! slaves4 ,! slaves (t5 fl$ f ?is "y tyrant 9 t]ror4 ,mr4 ,hall adds3-- ,! foll[+ extract is f a lett]1 to a /ud5t 9 ,m>ietta ,college1 by 8 fri5d 9 ,alabama4 ,) ! writ]1 ,mr4 ,isaac ,knapp1 ,i am p]fectly acqua9t$4 ,he 0 a /ud5t 9 ! above ,college1 = ! space ( "o ye>1 be=e go+ to ,alabama1 0 =m]ly a resid5t ( ,dumm]/on1 ,vt4 ,he is a pr(essor ( religion1 & z wor?y ( belief z any memb] ( ! community4 ,mr4 ,k4 has return$ f ! ,s\?1 & is n[ a memb] ( ! same college4 ,9 ,jan4 7#ahch7 a negro ( a wid[ ,phillips1 ranaway1 0 tak5 up1 & conf9$ 9 ,pulaski jail4 ,"o ,gibbs1 ov]se] = ,mrs4 ,p41 m\nt$ on horseback1 took him f conf9em5t1 compell$ him to run back to ,elkton1 a di/ance ( fifte5 miles1 :ipp+ him all ! way4 ,:5 he rea*$ home1 ! negro exhau/$ & worn out1 exclaim$1 'y h broke my he>t1' i4e4 y h kill$ me4 ,= ?is1 ,gibbs flew into a viol5t passion1 ti$ ! negro to a /ake1 &1 9 ! language ( a witness1 'cut 8 back to m9ce-meat4' ,b ! fi5d 0 n satisfi$ ) ?is4 ,he burnt 8 legs to a bli/]1 ) hot emb]s1 & !n *a9$ him nak$1 9 ! op5 air1 we>y ) runn+1 weak f ! loss ( blood1 & sm>t+ f 8 burns4 ,x 0 a cold night--& 9 ! morn+ ! negro 0 dead4 ,yet ?is mon/] escap$ )\t ev5 ! %ad[ ( a trial4 ',! negro1' said ! doctor1 'di$1 by--he knew n :at2 any h[1 ,gibbs did n kill him4'#i ,a %ort "t s9ce1 7! lett] is dat$1 ,april1 #ahch47 ',gibbs :ipp$ ano!r negro unm]cifully because ! horse1 ) :i* he 0 pl\gh+1 broke ! re9s & ran4 ,he !n rais$ 8 :ip aga9/ ,mr4 ,b[]s1 7son ( ,mrs4 ,p47 :o %ot him4 ,s9ce ,i came "h1' 7a p]iod ( ab\t six mon?s17 !re h be5 eight :ite m5 & two negroes kill$1 )9 #cj miles ( me4 ,footnote #i3 ,mr4 ,knapp1 gives me "s fur!r v]bal p>ticul>s ab\t ?is affair4 ,he says t 8 in=mant saw ! negro dead ! next morn+1 t 8 legs 7 bli/]$1 & t ! negroes affirm$ t ,gibbs compell$ !m to ?r[ emb]s ^u him4 ,b ,gibbs d5i$ x1 & said ! bli/]+ 0 ! effect ( fro/1 z ! negro 0 mu* expos$ to be=e be+ tak5 up4 ,mr4 ,b[]s1 a son ( ,mrs4 ,phillips by a =m] husb&1 attempt$ to h ,gibbs br\ght to ju/ice1 b 8 "m ju/ifi$ ,gibbs1 & no?+ 0 !re=e done ab\t x4 ,! affair took place 9 ,upp] ,elkton1 ,t5nessee1 ne> ! ,alabama l9e4 ,! foll[+ is f ,mr4 ,knapp's own lips1 tak5 d[n a day or two s9ce4 ,mr4 ,bu/]1 ) :om ,i bo>d$1 9 ,lime/one ,co41 ,ala41 relat$ to me ! foll[+ incid5t3 ',george a slave belong+ to "o ( ! e/ates 9 my neighborhood1 0 lurk+ ab\t my resid5ce )\t a pass4 ,we 7 mak+ prep>ations to give him a flogg+1 b he escap$ f u4 ,n long aft]w>ds1 meet+ a patrol :i* _h j tak5 a negro 9 cu/ody )\t a pass1 ,i inquir$1 ,:o h y !re8 on le>n+ t x 0 ,george1 well1 ,i rejo9$1 !re is a small matt] betwe5 him & myself t ne$s adju/m5t1 s give me ! raw hide1 :i* ,i accord+ly took1 & laid #fj /rokes on 8 back1 to ! utmo/ ( my /r5g?4' ,i 0 speak+ ( ?is b>b>ity1 aft]w>ds1 to ,mr4 ,bradley1 an ov]se] ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,donnell1 :o lives 9 ! vic9ity ( ,moresville1 ,ala41 ',oh1' repli$ he1 'we consid] t a v light :ipp+ "h' ,mr4 ,bradley is a pr(essor ( religion1 & is e/eem$ 9 t vic9ity a v pi\s1 exempl>y ,*ri/ian4' ,,extract ,,( ,a ,,lett] ,,f ,,rev4 ,c4 ,,/ew>t ,,r5%aw1 ( ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 dat$ ,jan4 #a1 #ahci4 ,i d n feel at lib]ty to disclose ! "n ( ! bro!r :o has furni%$ ! foll[+ facts4 ,he is highly e/eem$ z a man ( scrupul\s v]acity4 ,i w confirm my own te/imony by ! c]tificate ( ,judge ,sn[ & ,mr4 ,keyes1 two ( ! olde/ & mo/ respectable settl]s 9 ,qu9cy4 ,qu9cy1 ,dec4 #bi1 #ahch ,de> ,sir1--,we h be5 long acqua9t$ ) ! ,*ri/ian bro!r :o has nam$ to y "s facts t fell "u 8 obs]vation :ile a resid5t ( slave /ates4 ,he is a memb] ( a ,*ri/ian *ur*1 9 good /&+2 & is a man ( /rict integrity ( "*4 ,h5ry ,h4 ,sn[1 ,will>d ,keyes4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,/ew>t ,r5%aw4 ,my in=mant sp5t ?irty ye>s ( 8 life 9 ,k5tucky & ,miss\ri4 ,:il/ 9 ,k5tucky he resid$ 9 ,h>d9 co4 ,i not$ d[n 8 te/imony v ne>ly 9 8 own words1 :i* w acc\nt = _! evid5ce-l =m4 ,on ! g5]al condition ( ! slaves 9 ,k5tucky1 ?r\gh ,h>d9 co41 he said1 _! h\ses 7 v uncom=table1 g5]ally )\t floors1 o!r ?an ! e>?3 _m _h pun*eon floors1 b he nev] rememb]s to h se5 a plank floor4 ,9 reg>d to clo?+ !y 7 v badly (f4 ,9 summ] !y c>$ little = clo?+2 b 9 w9t] !y almo/ froze4 ,_! rags might hide _! nak$ness f ! sun 9 summ]1 b w\ld n protect !m f ! cold 9 w9t]4 ,_! b$-clo!s 7 tatt]$ rags1 ?r[n into a corn] by day1 & drawn be=e ! fire by night4 ',! only ?+1' said he1 'to :i* ,i c comp>e !m1 9 w9t]1 is /ock )\t a %elt]4' ,he made ! foll[+ comp>ison betwe5 ! condition ( slaves 9 ,k5tucky & ,miss\ri4 ,s f> z he 0 able to comp>e !m1 he said1 t 9 ,miss\ri ! slaves _h bett] qu>t]s-b are n s well clad1 & are m sev]ely puni%$ ?an 9 ,k5tucky4 ,9 bo? /ates1 ! slaves are huddl$ toge!r1 )\t di/9ction ( sex1 into ! same qu>t]1 till x is fill$1 !n ano!r is built2 (t5 two or ?ree families 9 a log hovel1 twelve feet squ>e4 ,x is prop] to /ate1 t ! sph]e ( my in=mant's obs]vation 0 ma9ly 9 ! region ( ,h>d9 co41 ,k5tucky1 & ! ea/]n "p ( ,miss\ri1 & n ?r\gh ^? /ates g5]ally4 ,:il/ at ,/4 ,l\is1 a numb] ( ye>s ago1 z he 0 go+ to "w ) ,mr4 ,h5ry ,males1 & ano!r c>p5t]1 !y he>d groans f a b>n by ! road-side3 !y /opp$1 & look+ ?r\gh ! cracks ( ! b>n1 saw a negro b\nd h& & foot to a po/1 s t 8 toes j t\*$ ! gr\nd2 & 8 ma/]1 ,capta9 ,?orpe1 0 inflict+ puni%m5t2 he _h :ipp$ him till exhau/$1--re/$ himself1 & return$ aga9 to ! puni%m5t4 ,! wret*$ suff]] 0 9 a mo/ pitiable condition1 & ! w>m blood & dry du/ ( ! b>n _h =m$ a mort> up to 8 in/ep4 ,mr4 ,males jump$ ! f5ce1 & remon/rat$ s effectually ) ,capt4 ,?orpe1 t he ceas$ ! puni%m5t4 ,x 0 six weeks be=e t slave c\ld put on 8 %irt6 ,john ,mackey1 a ri* slavehold]1 liv$ ne> ,cl>ksville1 ,pike co41 ,miss\ri1 "s ye>s s9ce4 ,he :ipp$ 8 slave ,billy1 a boy f\rte5 ye>s old1 till he 0 sick & /upid2 he !n s5t him home4 ,!n1 = 8 /upidity1 :ipp$ him aga91 & fractur$ 8 skull ) an axe-helve4 ,he buri$ him away 9 ! woods2 d>k words 7 :isp]$1 & ! body 0 dis9t]r$4 ,a coron]'s inque/ 0 held1 & ,mr4 ,r4 ,&]son1 ! coron]1 br\ght 9 a v]dict ( dea? f fractur$ skull1 occasion$ by bl[s f an axe-h&le1 inflict$ by ,john ,mackey4 ,! case 0 br\ght into c\rt1 b ,mackey 0 ri*1 & 8 murd]$ victim 0 8 ,,slave2 aft] exp5d+ ab\t #ejj be walk$ free4 ,"o ,mrs4 ,mann1 liv+ ne> ----1 9 ---- co41 ,miss\ri 0 kn[n to be v cruel to h] slaves4 ,%e _h a b5* made purposely to :ip !m ^u2 & :at %e call$ h] six p\nd paddle1 an in/rum5t ( prodigi\s torture1 bor$ ?r\gh ) holes2 ?is %e w\ld wield ) bo? h&s z %e /ood ov] h] pro/rate victim4 ,%e ?us puni%$ a hir$ slave woman nam$ ,fanny1 belong+ to ,mr4 ,*>les ,trabue1 :o lives neat ,palmyra1 ,m>ion co41 ,miss\ri2 on ! morn+ aft] ! puni%m5t ,fanny 0 a corpse2 %e 0 sil5tly & quickly buri$1 b rumor 0 n s easily /opp$4 ,mr4 ,trabue he>d ( x1 & comm5c$ suit = 8 prop]ty4 ,! murd]$ slave 0 dis9t]r$1 & an inque/ held2 h] back 0 a mass ( jelli$ muscle2 & ! coron] br\ght 9 a v]dict ( dea? by ! 'six p\nd paddle4' ,mrs4 ,mann fl$ = a few mon?s1 b return$ aga91 & h] fri5ds f\nd means to protract ! suit4 ,?is same ,mrs4 ,mann _h ano!r hir$ slave woman liv+ ) h]1 call$ ,patt]son's ,fanny1 %e belong$ to a ,mr4 ,patt]son2 %e _h a "y babe ) h]1 j beg9n+ to creep4 ,"o day1 aft] wa%+1 :il/ a tub ( r9s+ wat] yet /ood 9 ! kit*51 ,mrs4 ,mann came out 9 ha/e1 & s5t ,fanny to d some?+ out ( doors4 ,fanny tri$ to beg (f--%e 0 afraid to leave h] babe1 le/ x %\ld creep to ! tub & get hurt--,mrs4 ,m4 said %e w\ld wat* ! babe1 & s5t h] (f4 ,%e w5t ) mu* reluctance1 & he>d ! *ild /ruggle z %e w5t out ! door4 ,fe>+ le/ ,mrs4 ,m4 %\ld leave ! babe alone1 %e wat*$ ! room1 & soon saw h] pass out ( ! opposite door4 ,imm$iately ,fanny hurri$ 91 & look$ ar\nd = h] babe1 %e c\ld n see x1 %e look$ at ! tub--!re h] babe 0 float+1 a /rangl$ corpse4 ,! poor woman gave a dreadful scream2 & ,mrs4 ,m4 ru%$ into ! room1 ) h] h&s rais$1 & exclaim$1 ',heav5s1 ,fanny6 h y dr[n$ y\r *ild8' ,x 0 va9 = ! poor b]eav$ "o to attempt to v9dicate h]self3 9 va9 %e attempt$ to conv9ce !m t ! babe _h n be5 alone a mom5t1 & c\ld n h dr[n$ itself2 & t %e _h n be5 9 ! h\se a mom5t1 be=e %e scream$ at discov]+ h] dr[n$ babe4 ,all 0 false6 ,mrs4 ,mann decl>$ x 0 all pret5ce--t ,fanny _h dr[n$ h] own babe1 & n[ want$ to lay ! blame ^u h]6 & ,mrs4 ,mann 0 a :ite woman--( c\rse h] ^w 0 m valuable ?an ! oa?s ( all ! slaves ( ,miss\ri4 ,no evid5ce b t ( slaves c\ld be obta9$1 or ,mr4 ,patt]son w\ld h prosecut$ = 8 'loss ( prop]ty4' ,z x 01 e "o believ$ ,mrs4 ,m4 guilty1 ?\gh ! affair 0 soon hu%$ up4 ,extract ( a lett] f ,col4 ,,?omas ,,rog]s1 a native ( ,k5tucky1 n[ an eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* at ,new ,pet]sburg1 ,highl& co41 ,ohio4 ,:5 a boy1 9 ,b\rbon co41 ,k5tucky1 my fa!r liv$ ne> a slavehold] ( ! "n ( ,clay1 :o _h a l>ge numb] ( slaves2 ,i rememb] be+ (t5 at _! qu>t]s2 n "o ( _! %anties1 or hovels1 _h any floor b ! e>?4 ,_! clo?+ 0 truly nei!r fit = cov]+ nor dec5cy4 ,we c\ld di/9ctly1 ( a /ill morn+1 he> ?is man :ipp+ 8 blacks1 & he> _! screams f my fa!r's f>m2 ?is c\ld be he>d almo/ any /ill morn+ ab\t ! dawn ( day4 ,x 0 said to be 8 usual cu/om to repair1 ab\t ! break ( day1 to _! cab9 doors1 &1 z ! blacks pass$ out1 to give !m z _m /rokes ( 8 c[sk9 z opportunity af=d$2 & he w\ld proce$ 9 ?is mann] f cab9 to cab9 until !y 7 all out4 ,occasionally "s ( 8 slaves w\ld abscond1 & ^u be+ retak5 !y 7 puni%$ sev]ely2 & "s ( !m1 x is believ$1 di$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! cruelty ( _! usage4 ,i saw "o ( ?is man's slaves1 ab\t sev5te5 ye>s old1 we>+ a coll>1 ) long iron horns ext5d+ f 8 %\ld]s f> above 8 head4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahbh-bi ,i travel$ ?r\gh "p ( ! /ates ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia to ,baltimore4 ,at ,fro/ ,t[n1 on ! national road1 ,i put up = ! night4 ,soon aft]1 !re came 9 a slav] ) 8 drove ( slaves2 among !m 7 two "y m51 *a9$ toge!r4 ,! b> room 0 assign$ to !m = _! place ( lodg+--^? 9 *a9s 7 gu>d$ :5 !y _h to g out4 ,i ask$ ! 'own]' :y he kept ^! m5 *a9$2 he repli$1 t !y 7 /\t "y fell[s1 & %\ld !y rebel1 he & 8 son w\ld n be able to manage !m4 ,i !n left ! room1 & %ortly aft] he>d a scream1 & :5 ! l&lady inquir$ ! cause1 ! slav] coolly told h] n to tr\ble h]self1 he 0 only *a/is+ "o ( 8 wom54 ,x appe>$ t ?ree days previ\sly h] *ild _h di$ on ! road1 & be5 ?r[n into a hole or crevice 9 ! m\nta91 & a few /ones ?r[n ov] x2 & ! "m weep+ = h] *ild 0 *a/is$ by h] ma/]1 & told by him1 %e '%\ld h some?+ to cry =4' ,! "n ( ?is man ,i c give if call$ =4 ,:5 engag$ 9 ?is j\rney ,i sp5t ab\t "o mon? ) my relations 9 ,virg9ia4 ,x be+ %ortly aft] new ye>1 ! "t ( hir+ 0 ov]2 b ,i saw ! p\nds1 & ! scaffolds :i* rema9$ ( ! p\nds1 9 :i* ! slaves _h be5 p5n$ up ,m4 ,,george ,w4 ,,we/gate1 ( ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 :o liv$ 9 ! s\?we/]n slave /ates a numb] ( ye>s1 has furni%$ ! foll[+ /atem5t4 ,! great mass ( ! slaves are "u driv]s & ov]se]s4 ,i nev] saw an ov]se] )\t a :ip2 ! :ip usually c>ri$ is a %ort load$ /ock1 ) a heavy la% f five to six feet long4 ,:5 !y :ip a slave !y make him pull (f 8 %irt1 if he has "o1 !n make him lie d[n on 8 face1 & tak+ _! /& at ! l5g? ( ! la%1 !y inflict ! puni%m5t4 ,:ipp+s are s univ]sal t a negro t has n be5 :ipp$ is talk$ ( 9 all ! region z a wond]4 ,by :ipp+ ,i d n mean a few la%es across ! %\ld]s1 b a set flogg+1 & g5]ally ly+ d[n4 ,on sug> plantations g5]ally1 & on "s cotton plantations1 !y h negro driv]s1 :o are 9 su* a degree responsible = _! gang1 t if !y are at fault1 ! driv] is :ipp$4 ,! result is1 ! gang are con/antly driv5 by him to ! ext5t ( ! influ5ce ( ! la%2 & x is uni=mly ! case t gangs dread a negro driv] m ?an a :ite ov]se]4 ,i sp5t a w9t] on wid[ ,culv]t's plantation1 ne> ,rodney1 ,mississippi1 b 0 n 9 a situation to see extraord9>y puni%m5ts4 ,bell[s1 ! ov]se]1 = a trifl+ (f5ce1 took "o ( ! slaves1 /ripp$ him1 & ) a piece ( burn+ wood appli$ to 8 po/]iors1 burn$ him cruelly2 :ile ! poor wret* scream$ 9 ! greate/ agony4 ,! pr9cipal prep>ation = puni%m5t t ,bell[s _h1 0 s+le h&cuffs made ( iron1 ) *a9s1 by :i* ! (f5d] c\ld be *a9$ to f\r /akes on ! gr\nd4 ,^! are v common 9 all ! l[] c\ntry4 ,i notic$ "o slave on wid[ ,calv]t's plantation1 :o 0 :ipp$ f tw5ty-five to fifty la%es e =tnight dur+ ! :ole w9t]4 ,! expression ':ipp$ to dea?1' z appli$ to slaves1 is common at ! s\?4 ,sev]al ye>s ago ,i 0 go+ bel[ ,new ,orleans1 9 :at is call$ ! ,plaquem9e c\ntry1 & a plant] s5t d[n 9 my boat a runaway he _h f\nd 9 ,new ,orleans1 to 8 plantation at ,orange #e ,po9ts4 ,z we came ne> ! ,po9ts he told me1 ) deep feel+1 t he expect$ to be :ipp$ almo/ to dea?3 po9t+ to a gravey>d1 he said1 ',!re lie five :o 7 :ipp$ to dea?4' ,ov]se]s g5]ally keep "s ( ! wom5 on ! plantation2 ,i sc>ce "k an exception to ?is4 ,inde$1 _! int]c\rse ) !m is v mu* promiscu\s1--!y %[ !m n mu*1 if any favor4 ,ma/]s frequ5tly foll[ ! example ( _! ov]se]s 9 ?is ?+4 ,,george ,w4 ,,we/gate4 ,,ii4 ,,tortures1 ,,by ,,iron ,,coll>s1 ,,*a9s1 ,,fett]s1 ,,h&cuffs1 c4 ,! slaves are (t5 tortur$ by iron coll>s1 ) long prongs or horns & sometimes bells atta*$ to !m--!y are made to we> *a9s1 h&cuffs1 fett]s1 iron clogs1 b>s1 r+s1 & b&s ( iron ^u _! limbs1 iron masks ^u _! faces1 iron gags 9 _! m\?s1 c4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 we give ! te/imony ( slavehold]s !mselves1 "u _! own names2 x w be mo/ly 9 ! =m ( extracts f _! own adv]tisem5ts1 9 s\!rn newspap]s1 9 :i*1 describ+ _! runaway slaves1 !y specify ! iron coll>s1 h&cuffs1 *a9s1 fett]s1 c41 :i* !y wore ^u _! necks1 wri/s1 ankles1 & o!r p>ts ( _! bodies4 ,to publi% ! :ole ( ea* adv]tisem5t1 w\ld ne$lessly occupy space & tax ! read]2 we %all consequ5tly1 z h]et(ore1 give m]ely ! "n ( ! adv]tis]1 ! "n & date ( ! newspap] conta9+ ! adv]tisem5t1 ) ! place ( publication1 & only s mu* ( ! adv]tisem5t z w give ! p>ticul> fact1 prov+ ! tru? ( ! ass]tion conta9$ 9 ! g5]al head4 ,william ,tol]1 %]iff ( ,simpson c\nty1 ,mississippi1 9 ! ,s\!rn ,sun1 ,jackson1 ,mississippi1 ,septemb] #bb1 #ahch4 ,0 committ$ to jail1 a yell[ boy nam$ ,jim--_h on a l>ge lock *a9 ar\nd 8 neck4 ,mr4 ,james ,r4 ,gre51 9 ! ,beacon1 ,gre5sbor\gh1 ,alabama1 ,augu/ #bc1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro man nam$ ,squire--_h on a *a9 lock$ ) a h\se-lock1 ar\nd 8 neck4 ,mr4 ,hazlet ,l(lano1 9 ! ,spectator1 ,/aunton1 ,virg9ia1 ,sept4 #bg1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro nam$ ,david--) "s iron hobbles ar\nd ea* ankle4 ,mr4 ,t4 ,enggy1 ,new ,orleans1 ,gallat9 /reet1 betwe5 ,hospital & ,b>racks1 ,n4,o4 ,bee1 ,oct4 #bg1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 negress ,c>ol9e--_h on a coll> ) "o prong turn$ d[n4 ,mr4 ,john ,h5d]son1 ,wa%+ton1 c\nty1 ,mi41 9 ! ,gr& ,gulf ,adv]tis]1 ,augu/ #bi1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a black woman1 ,betsey--_h an iron b> on h] "r leg4 ,william ,dy] %]iff1 ,claiborne1 ,l\isiana1 9 ! ,h]ald1 ,nat*ito*es1 7,la47 ,july #bf1 #ahcg4 ,0 committ$ to jail1 a negro nam$ ,ambrose--has a r+ ( iron ar\nd 8 neck4 ,mr4 ,ow5 ,cooke1 ,m>y /reet1 betwe5 ,common & ,jackson /reets1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,n4,o4 ,bee1 ,septemb] #ab1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 my slave ,amos1 _h a *a9 atta*$ to "o ( 8 legs ,h4,w4 ,rice1 %]iff1 ,colleton di/rict1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury1 ,septemb] #a1 #ahch4 ,committ$ to jail1 a negro nam$ ,patrick1 ab\t =ty-five ye>s old1 & is h&cuff$4 ,w4,p4 ,reeves1 jailor1 ,%elby c\nty1 ,t5nessee1 9 ! ,memphis ,enquir]1 ,june #ag1 #ahcg4 ,committ$ to jail1 a negro--_h on 8 "r leg an iron b& ) "o l9k ( a *a94 ,mr4 ,francis ,durett1 ,lex+ton1 ,laud]dale c\nty1 ,ala41 9 ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 ,augu/ #bi1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 a negro man nam$ ,*>les--_h on a draw+ *a91 fa/5$ ar\nd 8 ankle ) a h\se lock4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,murat1 ,baton ,r\ge1 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,june #bj1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ! negro ,manuel1 mu* m>k$ ) irons4 ,mr4 ,jordan ,abbott1 9 ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 ,nov4 #ag1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro boy nam$ ,daniel1 ab\t n9ete5 ye>s old1 & 0 h&cuff$4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,maco91 ,no4 #agg ,ann /reet1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,bee1 ,augu/ ll1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ! negress ,fanny--_h on an iron b& ab\t h] neck4 ,m5>d ,bro!rs1 p>i% ( ,b]n>d1 ,l\isiana1 ,9 ! ,n4,o4 ,bee1 ,augu/ #ah1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro nam$ ,john--hav+ an iron ar\nd 8 "r foot4 ,messrs4 ,j4,l4 & ,w4,h4 ,bolton1 ,%elby c\nty1 ,t5nessee1 9 ! ,memphis ,enquir]1 ,june #g1 #ahcg4 ,abscond$1 a color$ boy nam$ ,pet]--_h an iron r\nd 8 neck :5 he w5t away4 ,h4 ,gridly1 %]iff ( ,adams c\nty1 ,mi41 9 ! ,memphis 7,t5n47 ,times1 ,septemb]1 #ahcd4 ,0 committ$ to jail1 a negro boy--_h on a l>ge neck iron ) a huge pair ( horns & a l>ge b> or b& ( iron on 8 left leg4 ,mr4 ,lambre1 9 ! ,nat*ito*es 7,la47 ,h]ald1 ,m>* #bi1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ! negro boy ,teams--he _h on 8 neck an iron coll>4 ,mr4 ,f]d9& ,lemos1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,bee1 ,janu>y #bi1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ! negro ,george--he _h on 8 neck an iron coll>1 ! bran*es ( :i* _h be5 tak5 (f ,mr4 ,t4,j4 ,de ,yamp]t1 m]*ant1 ,mobile1 ,alabama1 ( ! firm ( ,de ,yamp]t1 ,k+ ,co41 9 ! ,mobile ,*ronicle1 ,june #ae1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro boy ab\t twelve ye>s old--_h r\nd 8 neck a *a9 dog-coll>1 ) ',de ,yamp]t' engrav$ on x4 ,j4,h4 ,h&1 jailor1 ,/4 ,francisville1 ,la41 9 ! ,l\isiana ,*ronicle1 ,july #bf1 #ahcg4 ,committ$ to jail1 slave ,john--has sev]al sc>s on 8 wri/s1 occasion$1 z he says1 by h&cuffs4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,cur5]1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,bee1 ,july #b1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ! negro1 ,h[n--has a r+ ( iron on 8 left foot4 ,also1 ,grise1 8 wife1 hav+ a r+ & *a9 on ! left leg4 ,mr4 ,p4,t4 ,mann+1 ,huntsville1 ,alabama1 9 ! ,huntsville ,advocate1 ,oct4 #bc1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro boy nam$ ,james--said boy 0 iron$ :5 he left me4 ,mr4 ,william ,l4 ,lambe?1 ,lyn*burg1 ,virg9ia1 9 ! ,m\lton ,ala4 ,:ig1 ,janu>y #cj1 #ahcf4 ,ranaway1 ,jim--_h on :5 he escap$ a pair ( *a9 h&cuffs4 ,mr4 ,d4,f4 ,guex1 ,secret>y ( ! ,/eam ,cotton ,press ,company1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,comm]cial ,bullet91 ,may #bg1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,edmund ,coleman--x is suppos$ he mu/ h iron %ackles on 8 ankles4 ,mr4 ,francis ,durett1 ,lex+ton1 ,alabama1 9 ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 ,m>* #h1 #ahch4 ,ranaway ----1 a mulatto--_h on :5 he left1 a pair ( h&cuffs & a pair ( draw+ *a9s4 ,b4,w4 ,hodges1 jailor1 ,pike c\nty1 ,alabama1 9 ! ,montgom]y ,adv]tis]1 ,sept4 #bi1 #ahcg4 ,committ$ to jail1 a man :o calls 8 "n ,john--he has a clog ( iron on 8 "r foot :i* w weigh f\r or five p\nds4 ,p4 ,bayhi capta9 ( police1 9 ! ,n4,o4 ,bee1 ,june #i1 #ahch4 ,deta9$ at ! police jail1 ! negro w5* ,myra--has sev]al m>ks ( la%+1 & has irons on h] feet4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,k]n91 p>i% ( ,jeff]son1 ,l\isiana1 9 ! ,n4,o4 ,bee1 ,augu/ #aa1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,betsey--:5 %e left %e _h on h] neck an iron coll>4 ,! =ego+ adv]tisem5ts are suffici5t = our purpose1 scores ( simil> ones may be ga!r$ f ! newspap]s ( ! slave /ates e mon?4 ,to ! prec$+ te/imony ( slavehold]s1 publi%$ by !mselves1 & v\*$ = by _! own signatures1 we subjo9 ! foll[+ te/imony ( o!r witnesses to ! same po9t4 ,,john ,m4 ,,nelson1 ,esq41 a native ( ,virg9ia1 n[ a highly respect$ citiz5 ( highl& c\nty1 ,ohio1 & memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,hillsbor\gh1 9 a rec5t lett] /ates ! foll[+3-- ,9 ,/aunton1 ,va41 at ! horse ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,m',d[ell1 a m]*ant ( t place1 ,i once saw a color$ woman1 ( intellig5t & dignifi$ appe>ance1 :o appe>$ to be att5d+ to ! bus9ess ( ! h\se1 ) an iron coll> ar\nd h] neck1 ) horns or prongs ext5d+ out on ei!r side1 & up1 until !y met at some?+ l a foot above h] head1 at :i* po9t !re 0 a bell atta*$4 ,?is yoke1 z !y call$ x1 ,i und]/ood 0 to prev5t h] f runn+ away1 or to puni% h] = hav+ done s4 ,i _h frequ5tly se5 m5 ) iron coll>s1 b ?is 0 ! fir/ in/ance t ,i recollect to h se5 a female ?us degrad$4 ,major ,,horace ,,nye1 an eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* at ,putnam1 ,musk+um c\nty1 ,ohio1 9 a lett]1 dat$ ,dec4 #e1 #ahch1 makes ! foll[+ /atem5t3-- ,mr4 ,wm4 ,arm/rong1 ( ?is place1 :o is frequ5tly employ$ by our citiz5s z capta9 & sup]c>go ( desc5d+ boats1 ^: ^w may be reli$ on1 has j made to me ! foll[+ /atem5t3-- ,:ile lay+ at ,alex&ria1 on ,r$ ,riv]1 ,l\isiana1 he saw a slave br\ght to a blacksmi?'s %op & a coll> ( iron fa/5$ r\nd 8 neck1 ) two pieces rivett$ to ! sides1 meet+ "s di/ance above 8 head4 ,at ! top ( ! ar*1 ?us =m$1 0 atta*$ a l>ge c[-bell1 ! motion ( :i*1 :ile walk+ ! /reets1 made x necess>y = ! slave to hold 8 h& to "o ( its sides1 to /eady x4 ,9 ,new ,orleans he saw sev]al ) iron coll>s1 ) horns atta*$ to !m4 ,! fir/ he saw _h ?ree prongs project+ f ! coll> t5 or twelve in*es1 ) ! lett] ,s on ! end ( ea*4 ,he says iron coll>s are q frequ5t !re4 ,to ! prec$+ ,major ,nye adds3-- ,:5 ,i 0 ab\t twelve ye>s ( age ,i liv$ at ,m>ietta1 9 ?is /ate3 ,i knew little ( slaves1 z !re 7 few or none1 at t "t1 9 ! "p ( ,virg9ia opposite t place4 ,b ,i rememb] see+ a slave :o _h run away f "s place beyond my k at t "t3 he _h an iron coll> r\nd 8 neck1 to :i* 0 a /rap ( iron rivett$ to ! coll>1 on ea* side1 pass+ ov] ! top ( ! head2 & ano!r /rap1 f ! back side to ! top ( ! fir/--?us inclos+ ! head on ?ree sides4 ,i look$ on :ile ! blacksmi? sev]$ ! coll> ) a file1 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 took him m ?an an h\r4 ,rev4 ,,john ,,dudley1 ,m\nt ,morris1 ,mi*igan1 resid$ z a tea*] at ! mission>y /ation1 among ! ,*octaws1 9 ,mississippi1 dur+ ! ye>s #ahcj & #ca4 ,9 a lett] j receiv$ ,mr4 ,dudley says3-- ,dur+ ! "t ,i 0 on mission>y gr\nd1 :i* 0 9 #ahcj & #ca1 ,i 0 frequ5tly at ! resid5ce ( ! ag5t1 :o 0 a slavehold]4--,i nev] knew ( 8 treat+ 8 own slaves ) cruelty2 b ! poor fell[s :o 7 escap+1 & lodg$ ) him :5 detect$1 f\nd no clem5cy4 ,i once saw !re a fett] = '! d----d runaways1' ! weight ( :i* c be judg$ by its size4 ,x 0 at lea/ ?ree in*es wide1 half an in* ?ick1 & some?+ ov] a foot long4 ,at ?is "t ,i saw a poor fell[ compell$ to "w 9 ! field1 at 'logg+1' ) su* a gall+ fett] on 8 ankles4 ,to prev5t x f we>+ 8 ankles1 a /r+ 0 ti$ to ! c5tre1 by :i* ! victim susp5d$ x :5 he walk$1 ) "o h&1 & ) ! o!r c>ri$ 8 burd54 ,:5ev] he lift$1 ! fett] re/$ on 8 b>e ankles4 ,if he lo/ 8 balance & made a mis/ep1 :i* mu/ v (t5 occur 9 lift+ & roll+ logs1 ! torture ( 8 fett] 0 sev]e4 ,?us he 0 doom$ to "w :ile we>+ ! tortur+ iron1 day aft] day1 & at night he 0 conf9$ 9 ! runaways' jail4 ,"s "t aft] ?is1 ,i saw ! same deject$1 he>t-brok5 creature oblig$ to wait on ! o!r h&s1 :o 7 husk+ corn4 ,! privilege ( sitt+ ) ! o!rs 0 too mu* = him to enjoy2 he 0 made to hobble f h\se to b>n & b>n to h\se1 to c>ry food & dr9k = ! re/4 ,he pass$ r\nd ! end ( ! h\se :]e ,i 0 sitt+ ) ! ag5t3 he seem$ to take no notice ( me1 b fix$ 8 eyes on 8 torm5tor till he pass$ q by u4 ,mr4 ,,alfr$ ,,wilk9son1 memb] ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* 9 ,sk5eateles1 ,n4,y4 & an assessor ( t t[n1 te/ifies z foll[s 3-- ,i /ay$ 9 ,new ,orleans ?ree weeks3 dur+ t "t !re us$ to pass by :]e ,i /ay$ a numb] ( slaves1 ea* ) an iron b& ar\nd 8 ankle1 a *a9 atta*$ to x1 & an eighte5 p\nd ball at ! end4 ,!y 7 employ$ 9 :eel+ dirt ) a :eelb>r[2 !y w\ld put ! ball into ! b>r[ :5 !y mov$4--,i recollect "o day1 t ,i c\nt$ n9ete5 ( !m1 sometimes !re 7 n z _m2 !y 7 driv5 by a slave1 ) a long la%1 z if !y 7 bea/s4 ,^!1 ,i le>n$1 7 runaway slaves f ! plantations above ,new ,orleans4 ,!re 0 also a negro woman1 t us$ daily to come to ! m>ket ) milk2 %e _h an iron b& ar\nd h] neck1 ) ?ree rods project+ f x1 ab\t sixte5 in*es long1 crook$ at ! ends4 ,= ! fact :i* foll[s we are indebt$ to ,mr4 ,,samuel ,,hall1 a tea*] 9 ,m>ietta ,college1 ,ohio4 ,we quote 8 lett]4 ,mr4 ,curtis1 a j\rneyman cab9et-mak]1 ( ,m>ietta1 relates ! foll[+1 ( :i* he 0 an eye witness4 ,mr4 ,curtis is e way wor?y ( cr$it4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahcg1 at ',milligan's ,b5d1' 9 ! ,mississippi riv]1 ,i saw a negro ) an iron b& ar\nd 8 head1 lock$ beh9d ) a padlock4 ,9 ! front1 :]e x pass$ ! m\?1 !re 0 a projection inw>d ( an in* & a half1 :i* ent]$ ! m\?4 ,! ov]se] told me1 he 0 s addict$ to runn+ away1 x did n d any good to :ip him = x4 ,he said he kept ?is gag con/antly on him1 & int5d$ to d s z long z he 0 on ! plantation3 s t1 if he ran away1 he c\ld n eat1 & w\ld />ve to dea?4 ,! slave ask$ = dr9k 9 my pres5ce2 & ! ov]se] made him lie d[n on 8 back1 & turn$ wat] on 8 face two or ?ree feet high1 9 ord] to torm5t him1 z he c\ld n swall[ a drop4--,! slave !n ask$ p]mission to g to ! riv]2 :i* be+ grant$1 he ?ru/ 8 face & head entirely "u ! wat]1 t be+ ! only way he c\ld dr9k ) 8 gag on4 ,! gag 0 tak5 (f :5 he took 8 food1 & !n replac$ aft]w>ds4 ,,extract ,,( ,a ,,lett] ,,f ,,mrs4 ,,sophia ,,little1 ( ,newport1 ,rhode ,isl&1 daught] ( ,hon4 ,a%] ,robb9s1 s5ator 9 ,congress = t /ate4 ,!re 0 lately f\nd1 9 ! hold ( a vessel engag$ 9 ! s\!rn trade1 by a p]son :o 0 cle>+ x out1 an iron coll>1 ) ?ree horns project+ f x4 ,x seems t a "y female slave1 on ^: sl5d] neck 0 rivet$ ?is fi5di% in/rum5t ( torture1 ran away f h] tyrant1 & begg$ ! capta9 to br+ h] (f ) him4 ,?is ! capta9 refus$ to d2 b unrivet$ ! coll> f h] neck1 & ?rew x away 9 ! hold ( ! vessel4 ,! coll> is n[ at ! anti-slav]y (fice1 ,provid5ce4 ,to ! tru? ( ^! facts ,mr4 ,william ,h4 ,re$1 a g5tleman ( ! highe/ moral "*1 is ready to v\*4 ,mr4 ,re$ is 9 possession ( _m facts ( cruelty witness$ by p]sons ( v]acity2 b ^! witnesses are n will+ to give _! names4 ,"o case 9 p>ticul> he m5tion$4 ,speak+ ) a c]ta9 capta91 ( ! /ate ( ! slaves at ! s\?1 ! capta9 cont5d$ t _! puni%m5ts 7 (t5 v l5i5t2 &1 z an in/ance ( _! excell5t clem5cy1 m5tion$1 t 9 "o in/ance1 n wi%+ to :ip a slave1 !y s5t him to a blacksmi?1 & _h an iron b& fa/5$ ar\nd him1 ) ?ree long projections rea*+ above 8 head2 & ?is he wore "s "t4 ,,extract ,,( ,a ,,lett] ,,f ,,mr4 ,,jona?on ,f4 ,,baldw91 ( ,lora9 c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,mr4 ,b4 0 =m]ly a m]*ant 9 ,massillon1 ,ohio1 & an eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* !re4 ,de> ,bro!r1--,9 conv]sation ) ,judge ,lyman1 ( ,lit*field c\nty1 ,connecticut1 la/ ,june1 he /at$ to me1 t sev]al ye>s s9ce he 0 9 ,columbia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & obs]v+ a color$ man ly+ on ! floor ( a blacksmi?'s %op1 z he 0 pass+ x1 8 curiosity l$ him 94 ,he le>n$ ! man 0 a slave & r unmanageable4 ,sev]al m5 7 attempt+ to deta* f 8 ankle an iron :i* _h be5 b5t ar\nd x4 ,! iron 0 a piece ( a flat b> ( ! ord9>y size f ! =ge hamm]1 & b5t ar\nd ! ankle1 ! ends meet+1 & =m+ a hoop ( ab\t ! diamet] ( ! leg4 ,!re 0 "o or m /r+s atta*$ to ! iron & ext5d+ up ar\nd 8 neck1 evid5tly s to susp5d x z to prev5t its gall+ by its weight :5 at "w1 yet x _h gall$ or grip$ till ! leg _h swoll5 out beyond ! iron & inflam$ & suppurat$1 s t ! leg = a consid]able di/ance above & bel[ ! iron1 0 a mass ( putrefaction1 ! mo/ loa?some ( any w\nd he _h ev] witness$ on any liv+ creature4 ,! slave lay on 8 back on ! floor1 ) 8 leg on an anvil :i* sat also on ! floor1 "o man _h a *isel us$ = splitt+ iron1 & ano!r /ruck x ) a sl$ge1 to drive x betwe5 ! ends ( ! hoop & sep>ate x s t x might be tak5 (f4 ,mr4 ,lyman said t ! man swung ! sl$ge ov] 8 %\ld]s z if splitt+ iron1 & /ruck _m bl[s be=e he succe$$ 9 p>t+ ! ends ( ! iron at all1 ! b> 0 s l>ge & /ubborn--at l5g? !y spread x z f> z !y c\ld )\t driv+ ! *isel s l[ z to ru9 ! leg4 ,! slave1 a man ( tw5ty-five ye>s1 p]haps1 ^: c\nt5ance 0 ! index ( a m9d ill adapt$ to ! degradations ( slav]y1 nev] utt]$ a ^w or a groan 9 all ! process1 b ! copi\s fl[ ( sweat f e pore1 ! dreadful contractions & di/ortions ( e muscle 9 8 body1 %[$ cle>ly ! great am\nt ( 8 suff]+s2 & all ?is :ile1 su* 0 ! diseas$ /ate ( ! limb1 t at e bl[1 ! bloody1 corrupt$ matt] gu%$ out 9 all directions sev]al feet1 9 su* pr(usion z lit]ally to cov] a l>ge area ar\nd ! anvil4 ,aft] v>i\s o!r fruitless attempts to spread ! iron1 !y conclud$ x 0 necess>y to weak5 by fil+ be=e x c\ld be got (f :i* he left !m attempt+ to d4 ,mr4 ,,william ,,dr[n1 a well kn[n citiz5 ( ,rhode ,isl&1 =m]ly ( ,provid5ce1 :o has travel$ 9 ne>ly all ! slave /ates1 ?us te/ifies 9 a rec5t lett]3 ,i recollect see+ l>ge gangs ( slaves1 g5]ally a consid]able numb] 9 ea* gang1 be+ *a9$1 pass+ we/w>d ov] ! m\nta9s f ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 c4 to ! ,ohio4 ,on t riv] ,i h frequ5tly se5 flat boats load$ ) !m1 & _! keep]s arm$ ) pi/ols & dirks to gu>d !m4 ,at ,new ,orleans ,i recollect see+ gangs ( slaves t 7 driv5 out e day1 ! ,sabba? n except$1 to "w on ! /reets4 ,^! _h heavy *a9s to connect two or m toge!r1 & "s _h iron coll>s & yokes1 c4 ,! noise z !y walk$1 or work$ 9 _! *a9s1 0 truly dreadful6 ,rev4 ,,?omas ,,savage1 pa/or ( ! ,congregational ,*ur* at ,b$=d1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 :o 0 = "s ye>s a resid5t ( ,mississippi & ,l\isiana1 gives ! foll[+ fact1 9 a lett] dat$ ,janu>y #i1 #ahci4 ,9 #ahai1 :ile employ$ z an in/ructor at ,second ,creek1 ne> ,nat*ez1 ,mississippi1 ,i resid$ on a plantation :]e ,i witness$ ! foll[+ circum/ance4 ,"o ( ! slaves 0 9 ! habit ( runn+ away4 ,he _h be5 repeat$ly tak51 & repeat$ly :ipp$1 ) great sev]ity1 b to no purpose4 ,he w\ld /ill seize ! fir/ opportunity to escape f ! plantation4 ,at la/ 8 own] decl>$1 ,i'll fix him1 ,i'll put a /op to 8 runn+ away4 ,he accord+ly took him to a blacksmi?1 & _h an iron head-frame made = him1 :i* may be call$ lock-jaw1 f ! use t 0 made ( x4 ,x _h a lock & key1 & 0 s con/ruct$1 t :5 on ! head & lock$1 ! slave c\ld n op5 8 m\? to take food1 & ! design 0 to prev5t 8 runn+ away4 ,b ! device prov$ unavail+4 ,he 0 soon miss+1 & :e!r by 8 own desp]ate ef=t1 or ! aid ( o!rs1 contriv$ to su/a9 himself ) food2 b he 0 at la/ tak51 & if my memory s]ves me1 8 life 0 soon t]m9at$ by ! cruel treatm5t to :i* he 0 subject$4 ,! ,we/]n ,lum9>y1 a religi\s pap] publi%$ at ,lex+ton1 ,k5tucky1 9 an editorial article1 9 ! summ] ( #ahcc1 says3 ,a few weeks s9ce we gave an acc\nt ( a company ( m51 wom5 & *ildr51 "p ( :om 7 manacl$1 pass+ ?r\gh our /reets4 ,la/ week1 a numb] ( slaves 7 driv5 ?r\gh ! ma9 /reet ( our city1 among :om 7 a numb] manacl$ toge!r1 two abrea/1 all connect$ by1 & support+ a heavy iron *a91 :i* ext5d$ ! :ole l5g? ( ! l9e4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,a ,,virg9ian4 ,! "n ( ?is witness _c be publi%$1 z x w\ld put him 9 p]il2 b 8 cr$ibility is v\*$ = by ! ,rev4 ,ezra ,fi%]1 pa/or ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 & ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,eels1 ( ! same place4 ,^! g5tlem5 say ( him1 ,we h great confid5ce 9 8 integrity1 discretion1 & /rict ,*ri/ian pr9ciple4 ,he says-- ,ab\t five ye>s ago1 ,i rememb] to h pass$1 9 a s+le day1 f\r droves ( slaves = ! s\? we/2 ! l>ge/ drove _h #cej slaves 9 x1 & ! smalle/ upw>ds ( #bjj4 ,i c\nt$ #fh or #gj 9 a s+le c(fle4 ,! 'c(fle *a9' is a *a9 fa/5$ at "o end to ! c5tre ( ! b> ( a pair ( h& cuffs1 :i* are fa/5$ to ! "r wri/ ( "o1 & ! left wri/ ( ano!r slave1 !y /&+ abrea/1 & ! *a9 betwe5 !m4 ,^! are ! head ( ! c(fle4 ,! o!r end is pass$ ?r\gh a r+ 9 ! bolt ( ! next h&cuffs1 & ! slaves be+ manacl$ ?us1 two & two toge!r1 walk up1 & ! c(fle *a9 is pass$1 & !y g up t[>ds ! head ( ! c(fle4 ,( c\rse !y are clos] or wid] ap>t 9 ! c(fle1 accord+ to ! numb] to be c(fl$1 & to ! l5g? ( ! *a94 ,i h se5 ,,hundr$s ( droves & *a9-c(fles ( ?is description1 & e c(fle 0 a sc5e ( mis]y & wo1 ( te>s & brok5ness ( he>t4 ,mr4 ,,samuel ,,hall a tea*] 9 ,m>ietta ,college1 ,ohio1 gives1 9 a late lett]1 ! foll[+ /atem5t ( a fell[ /ud5t1 f ,k5tucky1 ( :om he says1 he is a pr(essor ( religion1 & wor?y ( entire confid5ce4 ,i h se5 at lea/ fifte5 droves ( 'human cattle1' pass+ by u on _! way to ! s\?2 & ,i d n recollect an exception1 :]e !re 7 n m or less ( !m *a9$ toge!r4 ,mr4 ,,george ,p4,c4 ,,hussey1 ( ,fayetteville1 ,frankl9 c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 writes ?us3 ,i 0 born & rais$ 9 ,hag]/[n1 ,wa%+ton c\nty1 ,m>yl&1 :]e slav]y is p]haps mild] ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! slave /ates2 & yet ,i h se5 hundr$s ( color$ m5 & wom5 *a9$ toge!r1 two by two1 & driv5 to ! s\?4 ,i h se5 slaves ti$ up & la%$ till ! blood ran d[n to _! heels4 ,mr4 ,,gidd+s1 memb] ( ,congress f ,ohio1 9 8 spee* 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ,feb4 #ac1 #ahci1 made ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,on ! beautiful av5ue 9 front ( ! ,capitol1 memb]s ( ,congress1 dur+ ?is session1 h be5 compell$ to turn aside f _! pa?1 to p]mit a c(fle ( slaves1 males & females1 *a9$ to ea* o!r by _! necks1 to pass on _! way to ?is national slave m>ket4 ,te/imony ( ,,james ,k4 ,,pauld+1 ,esq4 ! pres5t ,secret>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' ,navy4 ,9 #ahag1 ,mr4 ,pauld+ publi%$ a "w1 entitl$ ',lett]s f ! ,s\?1 writt5 dur+ an excursion 9 ! summ] ( #ahaf4' ,9 ! fir/ volume ( t "w1 page #abh1 ,mr4 ,p4 gives ! foll[+ description3 ,! sun 0 %9+ out v hot--& 9 turn+ ! angle ( ! road1 we enc\nt]$ ! foll[+ gr\p3 fir/1 a little c>t drawn by "o horse1 9 :i* five or six half nak$ black *ildr5 7 tumbl$ l pigs toge!r4 ,! c>t _h no cov]+1 & !y seem$ to h be5 broil$ to sleep4 ,beh9d ! c>t m>*$ ?ree black wom51 ) head1 neck & brea/s uncov]$1 & )\t %oes or /ock+s3 next came ?ree m51 b>e-head$1 & *a9$ toge!r ) an ox-*a94 ,la/ ( all1 came a :ite man on horse back1 c>ry+ 8 pi/ols 9 8 belt1 & :o1 z we pass$ him1 _h ! impud5ce to look u 9 ! face )\t blu%+4 ,at a h\se :]e we /opp$ a little fur!r on1 we le>n$ t he _h b\ght ^! mis]able be+s 9 ,m>yl&1 & 0 m>*+ !m 9 ?is mann] to "o ( ! m s\!rn /ates4 ,%ame on ! ,/ate ( ,m>yl&6 & ,i say1 %ame on ! ,/ate ( ,virg9ia6 & e /ate ?r\gh :i* ?is wret*$ cavalcade 0 p]mitt$ to pass6 ,i d say1 t :5 !y 7! slavehold]s7 p]mit su* flagrant & indec5t outrages ^u humanity z t ,i h describ$2 :5 !y sanction a villa9 9 ?us m>*+ half nak$ wom5 & m51 load$ ) *a9s1 )\t be+ *>g$ ) any crime b t ( be+ black f "o section ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ano!r1 hundr$s ( miles 9 ! face ( day1 !y disgrace !mselves1 & ! c\ntry to :i* !y belong4#aj ,footnote #aj3 ,! fact t ,mr4 ,pauld+1 9 ! repr9t ( ^! ,lett]s1 9 #ahce1 /ruck out ?is passage ) all o!rs disp>ag+ to slav]y & its support]s1 does n impair ! =ce ( 8 te/imony1 h[ev] mu* x may s9k ! man4 ,nor w ! next g5]ation reg>d ) any m rev]5ce1 8 "* z a prophet1 because 9 ! edition ( #ahce1 two ye>s aft] ! ,am]ican ,antislav]y ,society 0 =m$1 & :5 its auxili>ies 7 numb]$ by hundr$s1 he ins]t$ a pr$iction t su* movem5ts w\ld be made at ! ,nor?1 ) mo/ disa/r\s results4 ,wot ye n t su* a man z ,i c c]ta9ly div9e6 ,mr4 ,pauld+ has already be5 taught by ,judge ,jay1 t he :o aspires to ! fame ( an oracle1 )\t its inspiration1 mu/ resort to o!r exp$i5ts to prev5t detection1 ?an ! clumsy "o ( ant$at+ 8 responses4 ,,iii4 ,,br&+s1 ,,maim+s1 ,,guy-,,%ot ,,w\nds1 c4 ,! slaves are (t5 br&$ ) hot irons1 pursu$ ) fire arms & %ot1 hunt$ ) dogs & torn by !m1 %ock+ly maim$ ) knives1 dirks1 c42 h _! e>s cut (f1 _! eyes knock$ out1 _! bones dislocat$ & brok5 ) bludgeons1 _! f+]s & toes cut (f1 _! faces & o!r p>ts ( _! p]sons disfigur$ ) sc>s & ga%es1 besides ^? made ) ! la%4 ,we %all adopt1 "u ?is head1 ! same c\rse z t pursu$ "u previ\s ones1--fir/ give ! te/imony ( ! slavehold]s !mselves1 to ! mutilations1 c4 by copy+ _! own graphic descriptions ( !m1 9 adv]tisem5ts publi%$ "u _! own names1 & 9 newspap]s publi%$ 9 ! slave /ates1 &1 g5]ally1 9 _! own imm$iate vic9ity4 ,we %all1 z h]et(ore1 ins]t only s mu* ( ea* adv]tisem5t z w be necess>y to make ! po9t intelligible4 ,mr4 ,micajah ,ricks1 ,na% ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,raleigh ,/&>d1 ,july #ah1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro woman & two *ildr52 a few days be=e %e w5t (f1 ,i burnt h] ) a hot iron1 on ! left side ( h] face1 ,i tri$ to make ! lett] ,m4 ,mr4 ,asa ,b4 ,metcalf1 ,k+/on1 ,adams ,co4 ,mi4 9 ! ,nat*ez ,c\ri]2' ,june #ae1 #ahcb4 ,ranaway ,m>y1 a black woman1 has a sc> on h] back & "r arm ne> ! %\ld]1 caus$ by a rifle ball4 ,mr4 ,william ,ov]/reet1 ,b5ton1 ,yazoo ,co4 ,mi4 9 ! ,lex+ton 7,k5tucky7 ,obs]v]1 ,july #bb1 #ahch4 ,ranaway a negro man nam$ ,h5ry1 8 left eye out1 "s sc>s f a dirk on & "u 8 left arm1 & mu* sc>r$ ) ! :ip4 ,mr4 ,r4,p4 ,c>ney1 ,cl>k ,co4 ,ala41 9 ! ,mobile ,regi/]1 ,dec4 #bb1 #ahcb ,"o hundr$ doll>s rew>d = a negro fell[ ,pompey1 #dj ye>s old1 he is br&$ on ! left jaw4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,guyl]1 ,savannah ,georgia1 9 ! ,republican1 ,april #ab1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway ,laman1 an old negro man1 grey1 has only "o eye4 ,j4,a4 ,br[n1 jailor1 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,m]cury1 ,jan4 #ab1 #ahcg4 ,committ$ to jail a negro man1 has no toes on 8 left foot4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,scriv5]1 ,h]r+ ,bay1 ,anne ,arundel ,co4 ,m>yl&1 9 ! ,annapolis ,republican1 ,april #ah1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway negro man ,elijah1 has a sc> on 8 left *eek1 app>5tly occasion$ by a %ot4 ,madame ,burvant corn] ( ,*>tres & ,t\l\se /reets1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,bee1 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahch4 ,ranaway a negro woman nam$ ,ra*el1 has lo/ all h] toes except ! l>ge "o4 ,mr4 ,o4,w4 ,la9s1 ,9 ! ,hel5a1 7,ark47 ,j\rnal1 ,june #a1 #ahcc4 ,ranaway ,sam1 he 0 %ot a %ort "t s9ce1 ?r\gh ! h&1 & has sev]al %ots 9 8 left arm & side4 ,mr4 ,r4,w4 ,siz]1 9 ! ,gr& ,gulf1 ,mi4 ,adv]tis]1 ,july #h1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway my negro man ,d5nis1 said negro has be5 %ot 9 ! left arm betwe5 ! %\ld]s & elb[1 :i* has p>alyz$ ! left h&4 ,mr4 ,ni*olas ,edmunds1 9 ! ,pet]sburgh ,va4 ,intellig5c]1 ,may #bb1 #ahch4 ,ranaway my negro man nam$ ,simon1 he has be5 %ot badly 9 8 back & "r arm4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,bi%op1 ,bi%opville1 ,sumpt] ,di/rict1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,camd5 ,s4,c4 ,j\rnal1 ,m>* #d1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway a negro nam$ ,ar?ur1 has a consid]able sc> across 8 brea/ & ea* arm1 made by a knife2 loves to talk mu* ( ! goodness ( ,god4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,neyle1 ,little ,ogee*ee1 ,georgia1 9 ! ,savannah ,republican1 ,july #c1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway ,george1 he has a sword cut lately receiv$ on 8 left arm4 ,mrs4 ,s>ah ,wal%1 ,mobile1 ,ala4 9 ! ,georgia ,j\rnal1 ,m>* #bg1 #ahcg4 ,tw5ty five doll>s rew>d = my man ,isaac1 he has a sc> on 8 =ehead caus$ by a bl[1 & "o on 8 back made by a %ot f a pi/ol4 ,mr4 ,j4,p4 ,a%=d1 ,adams ,co4 ,mi4 9 ! ,nat*ez ,c\ri]1 ,augu/ #bd1 #ahch4 ,ranaway a negro girl call$ ,m>y1 has a small sc> ov] h] eye1 a good _m tee? miss+1 ! lett] ,a is br&$ on h] *eek & =ehead4 ,mr4 ,ely ,t[ns5d1 ,pike ,co4 ,ala4 9 ! ,p5sacola ,gazette1 ,sep4 #af1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway negro ,b51 has a sc> on 8 "r h&1 8 ?umb & =e f+] be+ injur$ by be+ %ot la/ fall1 a "p ( ! bone came out1 he has also "o or two l>ge sc>s on 8 back & hips4 ,s4,b4 ,murphy1 jail]1 ,irv+ton1 ,ga4 9 ! ,mill$geville ,j\rnal1 ,may #bi1 #ahch4 ,committ$ a negro man1 is v badly %ot 9 ! "r side & "r h&4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,lum9ais1 ,p>i% ( ,/4 ,john ,l\isiana1 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,m>* #c1 #ahch4 ,deta9$ at ! jail1 a mulatto nam$ ,tom1 has a sc> on ! "r *eek & appe>s to h be5 burn$ ) p[d] on ! face4 ,mr4 ,isaac ,johnson1 ,pulaski ,co4 ,georgia1 9 ! ,mill$geville ,j\rnal1 ,june #ai1 #ahch4 ,ranaway a negro man nam$ ,n$1 ?ree ( 8 f+]s are drawn into ! palm ( 8 h& by a cut1 has a sc> on ! back ( 8 neck ne>ly half r\nd1 done by a knife4 ,mr4 ,?omas ,hudnall1 ,madison ,co4 ,mi4 9 ! ,vicksburg ,regi/]1 ,septemb] #e1 #ahch4 ,ranaway a negro nam$ ,hambleton1 limps on 8 left foot :]e he 0 %ot a few weeks ago1 :ile runaway4 ,mr4 ,john ,mc,murrain1 ,columbus1 ,ga4 9 ! ,s\!rn ,sun1 ,augu/ #g1 #ahch4 ,ranaway a negro boy nam$ ,mose1 he has a w\nd 9 ! "r %\ld] ne> ! back bone1 :i* 0 occasion$ by a rifle %ot4 ,mr4 ,moses ,orme1 ,annapolis1 ,m>yl&1 9 ! ,annapolis ,republican1 ,june #bj1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway my negro man ,bill1 he has a fre% w\nd 9 8 head above 8 e>4 ,william ,/rickl&1 ,jailor1 ,k]%aw ,di/rict1 ,s4,c4 9 ! ,camd5 ,s4,c4 ,c\ri]1 ,july #h1 #ahcg4 ,committ$ to jail a negro1 says 8 "n is ,cuffee1 he is lame 9 "o knee1 occasion$ by a %ot4 ,! ,editor ( ! ,gr& ,gulf ,adv]tis]1 ,dec4 #g1 #ahch4 ,ranaway ,jo%ua1 8 ?umb is (f ( 8 left h&4 ,mr4 ,william ,bateman1 9 ! ,gr& ,gulf ,adv]tis]1 ,dec4 #g1 #ahch4 ,ranaway ,william1 sc> ov] 8 left eye1 "o betwe5 8 eye br[s1 "o on 8 brea/1 & 8 "r leg has be5 brok54 ,mr4 ,b4,g4 ,simmons1 9 ! ,s\!rn ,argus1 ,may #cj1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway ,m>k1 8 left arm has be5 brok54 ,mr4 ,james ,artop1 9 ! ,macon ,ga4 ,mess5g]1 ,may #be1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,caleb1 #ej ye>s old1 has an awkw>d gait occasion$ by 8 be+ %ot 9 ! ?igh4 ,j4,l4 ,jolley1 ,%]iff ( ,cl9ton1 ,co4 ,mi4 9 ! ,cl9ton ,gazette1 ,july #bc1 #ahcf4 ,0 committ$ to jail a negro man1 says 8 "n is ,josiah1 8 back v mu* sc>r$ by ! :ip1 & br&$ on ! ?igh & hips1 9 ?ree or f\r places1 ?us 7,j4,m47 ! rim ( 8 "r e> has be5 bit or cut (f4 ,mr4 ,?omas ,l$)1 ,jacksonville ,ea/ ,florida1 9 ! ,*>le/on ,s4,c4 ,c\ri]1 ,sept4 #a1 #ahch4 ,fifty doll>s rew>d1 = my fell[ ,edw>d1 he has a sc> on ! corn] ( 8 m\?1 two cuts on & "u 8 arm1 & ! lett] ,e on 8 arm4 ,mr4 ,joseph ,james1 ,s541 ,pleasant ,ridge1 ,pauld+ ,co4 ,ga41 9 ! ,mill$geville ,union1 ,nov4 #g1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 negro boy ,ellie1 has a sc> on "o ( 8 arms f ! bite ( a dog4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,riley1 ,orangeburg ,di/rict1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,columbia ,s4,c4 ,telescope1 ,nov4 #aa1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway a negro man1 has a sc> on ! ankle produc$ by a burn1 & a m>k on 8 arm resembl+ ! lett] ,s4 ,mr4 ,samuel ,mason1 ,w>r5 ,co1 ,mi4 9 ! ,vicksburg ,regi/]1 ,july #ah1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro man nam$ ,all51 he has a sc> on 8 brea/1 also a sc> "u ! left eye1 & has two buck %ot 9 8 "r arm4 ,mr4 ,f4,l4,c4 ,edw>ds1 9 ! ,s\!rn ,telegraph1 ,sept4 #be1 #ahcg ,ranaway f ! plantation ( ,james ,surgette1 ! foll[+ negroes1 ,r&al1 has "o e> cropp$2 ,bob1 has lo/ "o eye1 ,k5tucky ,tom1 has "o jaw brok54 ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,m4 ,jackson1 9 ! ,vicksburg ,regi/]1 ,m>* #aj1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,an?ony1 "o ( 8 e>s cut (f1 & 8 left h& cut ) an axe4 ,philip ,hon]ton1 deputy %]iff ( ,halifax ,co4 ,virg9ia1 ,jan4 #ahcg4 ,0 committ$1 a negro man1 has a sc> on 8 "r side by a burn1 "o on 8 knee1 & "o on ! calf ( 8 leg by ! bite ( a dog4 ,/e>ns ,co4 ,no4 #bh1 ,new ,levee1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,bee1 ,m>* #bb1 #ahcg4 ,abscond$1 ! mulatto boy ,tom1 8 f+]s sc>r$ on 8 "r h&1 & has a sc> on 8 "r *eek ,mr4 ,john ,w4 ,walton1 ,gre5sboro1 ,ala4 9 ! ,alabama ,beacon1 ,dec4 #ac1 #ahch4 ,ranaway my black boy ,frazi]1 ) a sc> bel[ & "o above 8 "r e>4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,furman1 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c4 9 ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury ,jan4 #ab1 #ahci4 ,ranaway1 ,dick1 ab\t #ai1 has lo/ ! small toe ( "o foot4 ,mr4 ,john ,t>t1 ,s54 9 ! ,fayetteville ,n4,c4 ,obs]v]1 ,dec4 #bf1 #ahch ,/ol5 a mulatto boy1 t5 ye>s old1 he has a sc> ov] 8 eye :i* 0 made by an axe4 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,ov]/reet1 ,brook ,neal1 ,campbell ,co4 ,virg9ia1 9 ! ,danville ,va4 ,report]1 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahch4 ,abscond$ my negro man ,coleman1 has a v l>ge sc> on "o ( 8 legs1 also "o on ea* arm1 by a burn1 & 8 heels h be5 fro/$4 ,! editor ( ! ,new ,orleans ,bee 9 t pap]1 ,augu/ #bg1 #ahcg4 ,fifty doll>s rew>d1 = ! negro ,jim ,blake--has a piece cut out ( ea* e>1 & ! middle f+] ( ! left h& cut (f to ! second jo9t4 ,mr4 ,bryant ,jonson1 ,port ,valley1 ,h\/on c\nty1 ,georgia1 9 ! ,mill$geville ,union1 ,oct4 #b1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro woman nam$ ,m>ia--has a sc> on "o side ( h] *eek1 by a cut--"s sc>s on h] back4 ,mr4 ,leon>d ,miles1 ,/e5's ,creek1 ,rank9 c\nty1 ,mi4 9 ! ,s\!rn ,sun1 ,sept4 #bb1 #ahch ,ranaway1 ,gabriel--has two or ?ree sc>s across 8 neck made ) a knife4 ,mr4 ,bez\1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,bee ,may #bc1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ! mulatto w5* ,m>y--has a cut on ! left arm1 a sc> on ! %\ld]1 & two upp] tee? miss+4 ,mr4 ,james ,kimbor\gh1 ,memphis1 ,t5n4 9 ! ,memphis ,enquir] ,july #ac1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro boy1 nam$ ,j]ry--has a sc> on 8 "r *eck two in*es long1 f ! cut ( a knife4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,beasley1 ,macon1 ,georgia1 9 ! ,georgia ,mess5g]1 ,july #bg1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 my man ,f\nta9--has holes 9 8 e>s1 a sc> on ! "r side ( 8 =ehead--has be5 %ot 9 ! h9d p>ts ( 8 legs--is m>k$ on ! back ) ! :ip4 ,mr4 ,b4,g4 ,b>r]1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri1 9 ! ,republican1 ,sept4 #f1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 a negro man nam$ ,j>ret--has a sc> on ! "u "p ( "o ( 8 arms1 occasion$ by a w\nd f a knife4 ,mr4 ,john ,d4 ,turn]1 ne> ,norfolk1 ,virg9ia1 9 ! ,norfolk ,h]ald1 ,june #bg1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro by ! "n ( ,jo%ua--he has a cut across "o ( 8 e>s1 :i* he w conceal z mu* z possible--"o ( 8 ankles is enl>g$ by an ulc]4 ,mr4 ,william ,/ansell1 ,picksville1 ,ala4 9 ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 ,augu/ #bi1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 negro boy ,h>p]--has a sc> on "o ( 8 hips 9 ! =m ( a ,g4 ,hon4 ,ambrose ,h4 ,sevi] ,s5ator1 9 ,congress1 f ,arkansas 9 ! ,vicksburg ,regi/]1 ( ,oct4 #ah4 ,ranaway1 ,bob1 a slave--has a sc> across 8 brea/1 ano!r on ! "r side ( 8 head--8 back is mu* sc>r$ ) ! :ip4 ,mr4 ,r4,a4 ,gre5e1 ,mill$geville1 ,georgia1 9 ! ,macon ,mess5g] ,july #bg1 #ahcg4 ,two hundr$ & fifty doll>s rew>d1 = my negro man ,jim--he is mu* m>k$ ) %ot 9 8 "r ?igh1--! %ot ent]$ on ! outside1 half way betwe5 ! hip & knee jo9ts4 ,b5jam9 ,russel1 deputy %]iff1 ,bibb c\nty1 ,ga4 9 ! ,macon ,telegraph1 ,decemb] #be1 #ahcg4 ,br\ght to jail1 ,john--left e> cropt4 ,hon4 ,h ,hit*cock1 ,mobile1 judge ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 9 ! ,comm]cial ,regi/]1 ,oct4 #bg1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ! slave ,ellis--he has lo/ "o ( 8 e>s4 ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,l4 ,c>t]1 ne> ,groveton1 ,pr9ce ,william c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c]1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,june #aj1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 a negro man1 ,moses--he has lo/ a "p ( "o ( 8 e>s4 ,mr4 ,william ,d4 ,buckels1 ,nat*ez1 ,mi4 9 ! ,nat*ez ,c\ri]1 ,july #bh1 #ahch4 ,tak5 up1 a negro man--is v mu* sc>r$ ab\t ! face & body1 & has ! left e> bit (f4 ,mr4 ,walt] ,r4 ,engli%1 ,monroe c\nty1 ,ala4 9 ! ,mobile ,*ronicle1 ,sept4 #b1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 my slave ,lewis--he has lo/ a piece ( "o e>1 & a "p ( "o ( 8 f+]s1 a "p ( "o ( 8 toes is also lo/4 ,mr4 ,james ,saund]s1 ,grany ,spr+1 ,hawk9s c\nty1 ,t5n4 9 ! ,knoxville ,regi/]1 ,june #f1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a black girl nam$ ,m>y--has a sc> on h] *eek1 & ! end ( "o ( h] toes cut (f4 ,mr4 ,john ,j5k9s1 ,/ ,joseph's1 ,florida1 capta9 ( ! /eamboat ,ell51 ,apala*icola ,gazette1 ,june #g1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ! negro boy ,caes>--he has b "o eye4 ,mr4 ,pet] ,hanson1 ,lafayette city1 ,la41 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,july #bh1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ! negress ,m>?a--%e has lo/ h] "r eye4 ,mr4 ,orr5 ,ellis1 ,georgeville1 ,mi4 9 ! ,nor? ,alabamian1 ,sept4 #ae1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,george--has _h ! l[] "p ( "o ( 8 e>s bit (f4 ,mr4 ,zadock ,sawy]1 ,cu?b]t1 ,r&olph c\nty1 ,georgia1 9 ! ,mill$geville ,union1 ,oct4 #i1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 my negro ,tom--has a piece bit (f ! top ( 8 "r e>1 & 8 little f+] is /iff4 ,mr4 ,abraham ,gray1 ,m\nt ,mor9o1 ,pike c\nty1 ,ga4 9 ! ,mill$geville ,union1 ,oct4 #i1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 my mulatto woman ,judy--%e has _h h] "r arm broke4 ,s4,b4 ,tu/on1 jail]1 ,adams c\nty1 ,mi4 9 ! ,nat*ez ,c\ri]1 ,june #ae1 #ahch4 ,0 committ$ to jail1 a negro man nam$ ,bill--has _h ! ?umb ( 8 left h& split4 ,mr4 ,jo%ua ,antrim1 ,n9eveh1 ,w>r5 c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 9 ! ,w9*e/] ,virg9ian1 ,july #aa1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 a mulatto man nam$ ,joe--8 f+]s on ! left h& are p>tly amputat$4 ,j4,b4 ,r&all1 jailor1 ,m>ietta1 ,cobb c\nty1 ,ga41 9 ! ,s\!rn ,record]2 ,nov4 #f1 #ahch4 ,lodg$ 9 jail1 a negro man nam$ ,jupit]--is v lame 9 8 left hip1 s t he c h>dly walk--has lo/ a jo9t ( ! middle f+] ( 8 left h&4 ,mr4 ,john ,n4 ,dillahunty1 ,woodville1 ,mi41 9 ! ,n4,o4 ,comm]cial ,bullet91 ,july #ba1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,bill--has a sc> ov] "o eye1 also "o on 8 leg1 f ! bite ( a dog--has a burn on 8 buttock1 f a piece ( hot iron 9 %ape ( a ,t4 ,william ,k4 ,ratcliffe1 %]iff1 ,frankl9 c\nty1 ,mi4 9 ! ,nat*ez ,free ,trad]1 ,augu/ #bc1 #ahch4 ,committ$ to jail1 a negro nam$ ,mike--8 left e> (f ,mr4 ,pre/on ,halley1 ,b>nwell1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,augu/a ,ga4 ,*ronicle1 ,july #bg1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 my negro man ,levi--8 left h& has be5 burnt1 & ,i ?9k ! end ( 8 =e f+] is (f4 ,mr4 ,welcome ,h4 ,robb9s1 ,/4 ,*>les c\nty1 ,mo4 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is ,republican1 ,june #cj1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro nam$ ,wa%+ton--has lo/ a "p ( 8 middle f+] & ! end ( 8 little f+]4 ,g4 ,g\rdon ,co4 druggi/s1 corn] ( ,ramp>t & ,hospital /reets1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,comm]cial ,bullet91 ,sept4 #ah1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro nam$ ,david ,dri]--has two toes cut4 ,mr4 ,william ,br[n1 9 ! ,gr& ,gulf ,adv]tis]1 ,augu/ #bi1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ,edmund--has a sc> on 8 "r temple1 & "u 8 "r eye1 & holes 9 bo? e>s4 ,mr4 ,james ,mc,donnell1 ,talbot c\nty1 ,georgia1 9 ! ,columbus ,enquir]1 ,jan4 #ah1 #ahch4 ,runaway1 a negro boy twelve or ?irte5 ye>s old--has a sc> on 8 left *eek f ! bite ( a dog4 ,mr4 ,john ,w4 ,*]ry1 ,m>5go c\nty1 ,ala4 9 ! ,mobile ,regi/]1 ,june #ae1 #ahch4 ,fifty doll>s rew>d1 = my negro man ,john--he has a consid]able sc> on 8 ?roat1 done ) a knife4 ,mr4 ,?os4 ,br[n1 ,roane co4 ,t5n4 9 ! ,knoxville ,regi/]1 ,sept #ab1 #ahch4 ,tw5ty-five doll>s rew>d1 = my man ,john--! tip ( 8 nose is bit (f4 ,messrs4 ,taylor1 ,lawton ,co41 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,m]cury1 ,nov4 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro fell[ call$ ,hov]--has a cut above ! "r eye4 ,mr4 ,l\is ,s*midt1 ,faub\rg1 ,sivaudais1 ,la4 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,sept4 #e1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ! negro man ,h>dy--has a sc> on ! upp] lip1 & ano!r made ) a knife on 8 neck4 ,w4,m4 ,:itehead1 ,nat*ez1 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bullet91 ,july #ba1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,h5ry--has half ( "o e> bit (f4 ,mr4 ,conrad ,salvo1 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,m]cury1 ,augu/ #aj1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 my negro man ,jacob--he has b "o eye4 ,william ,bak]1 jail]1 ,%elby c\nty1 ,ala41 9 ! ,montgom]y 7,ala47 ,adv]tis]1 ,oct4 #e1 #ahch4 ,committ$ to jail1 ,b5--8 left ?umb (f at ! fir/ jo9t4 ,mr4 ,s4,n4 ,hite1 ,camp /reet1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,bee1 ,feb4 #ai1 #ahch4 ,tw5ty-five doll>s rew>d = ! negro slave ,sally--walks z ?\gh crippl$ 9 ! back4 ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,m4 ,ri*>ds1 ,:itesburg1 ,madison c\nty1 ,alabama1 9 ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 ,sept #h1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro man nam$ ,dick--has a little f+] (f ! "r h&4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,brose1 p>i% ( ,/4 ,*>les1 ,la4 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,feb4 #ai1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ! negro ,patrick--has 8 little f+] ( ! "r h& cut close to ! h&4 ,mr4 ,ne$ham ,:itefield1 ,ab]de51 ,mi4 9 ! ,memphis 7,t5n47 ,enquir]1 ,june #ae1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ,joe ,d5nis--has a small not* 9 "o ( 8 e>s4 ,col4 ,m4,j4 ,kei?1 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,m]cury1 ,nov4 #bg1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,dick--has lo/ ! little toe ( "o ( 8 feet4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,faucette1 ,haywood1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,raleigh ,regi/]1 ,april #cj1 #ahch4 ,escap$1 my negro man ,eaton--8 little f+] ( ! "r h& has be5 broke4 ,mr4 ,g4,c4 ,ri*>dson1 ,ow5 ,/ation1 ,mo41 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is ,republican1 ,may #e1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 my negro man nam$ ,top--has _h "o ( 8 legs brok54 ,mr4 ,e4 ,han1 ,la ,grange1 ,fayette c\nty1 ,t5n4 9 ! ,gallat9 ,union1 ,june #bc1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 negro boy ,jack--has a small crop out ( 8 left e>4 ,d4 ,h]r+1 w>d5 ( ,baltimore city jail1 9 ! ,m>yl&]1 ,oct #f1 #ahcg4 ,0 committ$ to jail1 a negro man--has two sc>s on 8 =ehead1 & ! top ( 8 left e> cut (f4 ,mr4 ,james ,m>ks1 ne> ,nat*ito*es1 ,la4 9 ! ,nat*ito*es ,h]ald1 ,july #ba1 #ahch4 ,/ol51 a negro man nam$ ,w9t]--has a not* cut out ( ! left e>1 & ! m>k ( f\r or five buck %ot on 8 legs4 ,mr4 ,james ,b>r1 ,amelia ,c\rt ,h\se1 ,virg9ia1 9 ! ,norfolk ,h]ald1 ,sept4 #ab1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro man--sc> back ( 8 left eye1 z if f ! cut ( a knife4 ,mr4 ,isaac ,mi*ell1 ,wilk9son c\nty1 ,georgia1 9 ! ,augu/a ,*ronicle1 ,sept #ba1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 negro man ,buck--has a v pla9 m>k "u 8 e> on 8 jaw1 ab\t ! size ( a doll>1 hav+ be5 inflict$ by a knife4 ,mr4 ,p4 ,bayhi1 capta9 ( ! police1 ,suburb ,wa%+ton1 ?ird municipality1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,bee1 ,oct4 #ac1 #ahcg4 ,deta9$ at ! jail1 ! negro boy ,h]mon--has a sc> bel[ 8 left e>1 f ! w\nd ( a knife4 ,mr4 ,willie ,pat]son1 ,cl9ton1 ,jones c\nty1 ,ga4 9 ! ,d>i5 ,telegraph1 ,dec4 #e1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 a negro man by ! "n ( ,john--he has a sc> across 8 *eek1 & "o on 8 "r arm1 app>5tly done ) a knife4 ,mr4 ,samuel ,ragl&1 ,triana1 ,madison c\nty1 ,alabama1 9 ! ,huntsville ,advocate1 ,dec4 #bc1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,i%am--has a sc> ^u ! brea/ & ^u ! "u lip1 f ! bite ( a dog4 ,mr4 ,moses ,e4 ,bu%1 ne> ,clayton1 ,ala4 9 ! ,columbus 7,ga47 ,enquir]1 ,july #e1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro man--has a sc> on 8 hip & on 8 brea/1 & two front tee? out4 ,c4,w4 ,wilk9s1 %]iff ,baldw9 ,co1 ,ala1 is ! ,mobile ,adv]tis]2 ,sept4 #bd1 #ahcg4 ,committ$ to jail1 a negro man1 he is crippl$ 9 ! "r leg4 ,mr4 ,james ,h4 ,taylor1 ,*>le/on ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,c\ri]1 ,augu/ #g1 #ahcg4 ,abscond$1 a color$ boy1 nam$ ,pet]1 lame 9 ! "r leg4 ,n4,m4,c4 ,rob9son1 jail]1 ,columbus1 ,georgia1 9 ! ,columbus 7,ga47 ,enquir]1 ,augu/ #b1 #ahch4 ,br\ght to jail1 a negro man1 8 left ankle has be5 broke4 ,mr4 ,littlejohn ,rynes1 ,h9ds ,co4 ,mi4 9 ! ,nat*ez ,c\ri]1 ,augu/1 #ag1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro man nam$ ,j]ry1 has a small piece cut out ( ! top ( ea* e>4 ,! ,heirs ( ,j4,a4 ,al/on1 ne> ,georget[n1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,georget[n ,s4,c4 ,union1 ,june #ag1 #ahcg4 ,abscond$ a negro nam$ ,cuffee1 has lo/ "o f+]2 has an enl>g$ leg4 ,a4,s4 ,ball+]1 ,%]iff1 ,john/on ,co1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,9 ! ,raleigh ,/&>d1 ,oct4 #ah1 #ahch4 ,committ$ to jail1 a negro man2 has a v sore leg4 ,mr4 ,?omas ,crut*field1 ,atk9s1 ,t54 9 ! ,t5nessee ,j\rnal1 ,oct4 #ag1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 my mulatto boy ,cy1 has b "o h&1 all ! f+]s ( 8 "r h& 7 burnt (f :5 "y4 ,j4,a4 ,br[n1 jail]1 ,orangeburg1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury1 ,july #ah1 #ahch4 ,0 committ$ to jail1 a negro nam$ ,bob1 appe>s to be crippl$ 9 ! "r leg4 ,s4,b4 ,turton1 jail]1 ,adams ,co4 ,miss4 9 ! ,nat*ez ,c\ri]1 ,sept4 #bi1 #ahch4 ,0 committ$ to jail1 a negro man1 has 8 left ?igh broke4 ,mr4 ,john ,h4 ,k+1 ,high /reet1 ,georget[n1 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c]1 ,augu/ #a1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 my negro man1 he has ! end ( "o ( 8 f+]s brok54 ,mr4 ,john ,b4 ,fox1 ,vicksburg1 ,miss4 9 ! ,regi/]1 ,m>* #bi1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 a yell[i% negro boy nam$ ,tom1 has a not* 9 ! back ( "o ( 8 e>s4 ,messrs4 ,f]n&ez & ,:it+1 auctione]s1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,bee1 ,april #h1 #ahcg4 ,w be sold ,m>?a1 ag$ n9ete51 has "o eye out4 ,mr4 ,m>%all ,jett1 ,f>r[sville1 ,fauqui] ,co4 ,virg9ia1 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c]1 ,may #cj1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 negro man ,ephraim1 has a m>k ov] "o ( 8 eyes1 occasion$ by a bl[4 ,s4,b4 ,turton1 jail] ,adams ,co4 ,miss4 9 ! ,nat*es ,c\ri]1 ,oct4 #ab1 #ahch4 ,0 committ$ a negro1 calls himself ,jacob1 has be5 crippl$ 9 8 "r leg4 ,john ,=d1 %]iff ( ,mobile ,c\nty1 9 ! ,mississippian1 ,jackson ,mi4 ,dec4 #bh1 #ahch4 ,committ$ to jail1 a negro man ,c>y1 a l>ge sc> on 8 =ehead4 ,e4,w4 ,morris1 %]iff ( ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 9 ! ,vicksburg ,mi4 ,regi/]1 ,m>* #bh1 #ahch4 ,committ$ z a runaway1 a negro man ,jack1 he has sev]al sc>s on 8 face4 ,mr4 ,john ,p4 ,holcombe1 ,9 ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury1 ,april #ag1 #ahbh4 ,abs5t$ himself1 8 negro man ,b51 has sc>s on 8 ?roat1 occasion$ by ! cut ( a knife4 ,mr4 ,geo4 ,k9lock1 9 ! ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c4 ,c\ri]1 ,may #a1 #ahci4 ,ranaway1 negro boy ,kitt1 #ae or #af ye>s old1 has a piece tak5 out ( "o ( 8 e>s4 ,wm4 ,magee1 %]iff1 ,mobile ,co4 9 ! ,mobile ,regi/]1 ,dec4 #bg1 #ahcg4 ,committ$ to jail1 a runaway slave1 ,alex&]1 a sc> on 8 left *eck4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,m4 ,mc,gregor1 ,pr9ce ,george ,c\nty1 ,m>yl&1 9 ! ,alex&ria ,d4,c4 ,gazette1 ,feb4 #f1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 negro ,phil1 sc> ?r\gh ! "r eye br[ "p ( ! middle toe "r foot cut (f4 ,gre5 ,b ,j\rdan1 ,baldw9 ,c\nty ,ga4 9 ! ,georgia ,j\rnal1 ,april #ah1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,john1 has a sc> on "o ( 8 h&s ext5d+ f ! wri/ jo9t to ! little f+]1 also a sc> on "o ( 8 legs4 ,messrs4 ,daniel & ,goodman1 ,new ,orleans1 9 ! ,n4,o4 ,bee1 ,feb4 #b1 #ahch4 ,abscond$1 mulatto slave ,alick1 has a l>ge sc> ov] "o ( 8 *eeks4 ,j]emiah ,woodw>d1 ,gon*l&1 ,co4 ,va4 9 ! ,ri*mond ,va4 ,:ig1 ,jan4 #cj1 #ahch4 #bjj ,,doll>s ,,rew>d = ,nelson1 has a sc> on 8 =ehead occasion$ by a burn1 & "o on 8 l[] lip & "o ab\t ! knee4 ,samuel ,rawl9s1 ,gw9et ,co4 ,ga4 9 ! ,columbus ,s5t9el1 ,nov4 #bi1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro man & 8 wife1 nam$ ,nat & ,priscilla1 he has a small sc> on 8 left *eek1 two /iff f+]s on 8 "r h& ) a runn+ sore on !m2 8 wife has a sc> on h] left arm1 & "o upp] too? out4 ,! read] p]ceives t we h "u ?is head1 z "u previ\s ones1 giv5 to ! te/imony ( ! slavehold]s !mselves1 "u _! own names1 a prec$5ce ov] t ( all o!r witnesses4 ,we n[ ask ! read]'s att5tion to ! te/imonies :i* foll[4 ,!y are endors$ by responsible names--m5 :o 'speak :at !y "k1 & te/ify :at !y h se5'--te/imonies :i* %[1 t ! slavehold]s :o wrote ! prec$+ adv]tisem5ts1 describ+ ! "w ( _! own h&s1 9 br&+ ) hot irons1 maim+1 mutilat+1 cropp+1 %oot+1 knock+ out ! tee? & eyes ( _! slaves1 break+ _! bones1 c41 h manife/$1 z f> z !y h gone 9 ! description1 a comm5dable fidelity to tru?4 ,x is probable t "s ( ! sc>s & maim+s 9 ! prec$+ adv]tisem5ts 7 ! result ( accid5ts2 & "s may be ! result ( viol5ce inflict$ by ! slaves ^u ea* o!r4 ,)\t argu+ t po9t1 we say1 ^! are ! facts2 :oev] reads & pond]s !m1 w ne$ no argum5t to conv9ce him1 t ! proposition :i* !y h be5 employ$ to su/a91 _c be %ak54 ,t any consid]able portion ( !m 7 accid5tal1 is totally improbable1 f ! nature ( ! case2 & is 9 mo/ in/ances disprov$ by ! adv]tisem5ts !mselves4 ,t !y h n be5 produc$ by assaults ( ! slaves ^u ea* o!r1 is manife/ f ! fact1 t injuries ( t "* inflict$ by ! slaves ^u ea* o!r1 are1 z all :o are famili> ) ! habits & condition ( slaves well "k1 exce$+ly r>e2 & ( necessity mu/ be s1 f ! con/ant action ^u !m ( ! /ronge/ dissuasives f su* acts t c op]ate on human nature4 ,adv]tisem5ts simil> to ! prec$+ may at any "t be ga!r$ by scores f ! daily & weekly newspap]s ( ! slave /ates4 ,be=e pres5t+ ! read] ) fur!r te/imony 9 pro( ( ! proposition at ! head ( ?is "p ( our subject1 we rem>k1 t "s ( ! tortures enum]at$ "u ?is & ! prec$+ heads1 are n 9 all cases inflict$ by slavehold]s z puni%m5ts1 b sometimes m]ely z prev5tives ( escape1 = ! great] security ( _! 'prop]ty'4 ,iron coll>s1 *a9s1 c4 are put ^u slaves :5 !y are driv5 or transport$ f "o "p ( ! c\ntry to ano!r1 9 ord] to keep !m f runn+ away4 ,simil> measures are (t5 resort$ to ^u plantations4 ,:5 ! ma/] or own] suspects a slave ( plott+ an escape1 an iron coll> ) long 'horns1' or a b> ( iron1 or a ball & *a91 are (t5 fa/5$ ^u him1 = ! d\ble purpose ( ret>d+ 8 flight1 %\ld he attempt x1 & ( s]v+ z an easy means ( detection4 ,ano!r inhuman me?od ( m>k+ slaves1 s t !y may be easily describ$ & detect$ :5 !y escape1 is call$ cropp+4 ,9 ! prec$+ adv]tisem5ts1 ! read] w p]ceive a numb] ( cases1 9 :i* ! runaway is describ$ z 'cropt1' or a 'not* cut 9 ! e>1 or a "p or ! :ole ( ! e> cut (f1' c4 ,two ye>s & a half s9ce1 ! writ] ( ?is saw a lett]1 !n j receiv$ by ,mr4 ,lewis ,tappan1 ( ,new ,york1 conta9+ a negro's e> cut (f close to ! head4 ,! writ] ( ! lett]1 :o sign$ himself ,?omas ,ogle?orpe1 ,montgom]y1 ,alabama1 s5t x to ,mr4 ,tappan z 'a specim5 ( a negro's e>s1' & desir$ him to add x to 8 'collection4' ,ano!r me?od ( m>k+ slaves1 is by draw+ out or break+ (f "o or two front tee?--commonly ! upp] ones1 z ! m>k w\ld 9 t case be ! m obvi\s4 ,an in/ance ( ?is k9d ! read] w recall 9 ! te/imony ( ,s>ah ,m4 ,grimk1 page #cj1 & ( :i* %e _h p]sonal k2 be+ well acqua9t$ bo? ) ! inhuman ma/]1 7a di/+ui%$ citiz5 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a17 by ^: ord] ! brutal de$ 0 done1 & ) ! poor "y girl ^: m\? 0 ?us b>b>\sly mutilat$1 to furni% a conv5i5t m>k by :i* to describe h] 9 case ( h] elopem5t1 z %e _h frequ5tly run away4 ,! case /at$ by ,miss ,g4 s]ves to unravel :at1 to "o un9itiat$1 seems q a my/]y3 i4e4 ! frequ5cy ) :i*1 9 ! adv]tisem5ts ( runaway slaves publi%$ 9 s\!rn pap]s1 !y are describ$ z hav+ "o or two front tee? out4 ,scores ( su* adv]tisem5ts are 9 s\!rn pap]s n[ on our table4 ,we w furni% ! read] ) a doz5 or two4 ,jesse ,debruhl1 %]iff1 ,ri*l& ,di/rict1 ,columbia 7,s4,c47 ,telescope1 ,feb4 #bd1 #ahci4 ,committ$ to jail1 ,n$1 ab\t #be ye>s ( age1 has lo/ 8 two upp] front tee?4 ,mr4 ,john ,hunt1 ,black ,wat] ,bay1 ,p5sacola 7,ga47 ,gazette1 ,octob] #ad1 #ahcg4 #ajj ,,doll>s ,,rew>d1 = ,p]ry1 "o "u front too? miss+1 ag$ #bc ye>s4 ,mr4 ,john ,fr$]ick1 ,bran*ville1 ,orangeburgh ,di/rict1 ,s4,c4 ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,c\ri]1 ,june #ab1 #ahcg4 #aj ,,doll>s ,,rew>d1 = ,m>y1 "o or two upp] tee? out1 ab\t #be ye>s old4 ,mr4 ,egb]t ,a4 ,rawor?1 eight miles we/ ( ,na%ville on ! ,*>lotte road ,daily ,republican ,bann]1 ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee1 ,april #cj1 #aich4 ,ranaway1 ,myal1 #bc ye>s old1 "o ( 8 =e tee? out4 ,b5jam9 ,russel1 ,deputy %]iff ,bibb ,co4 ,ga4 ,macon 7,ga47 ,telegraph1 ,dec4 #be1 #ahcg4 ,br\ght to jail ,john1 #bc ye>s old1 "o =e too? out4 ,f4 ,wisn]1 ,ma/] ( ! ,"w ,h\se1 ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,c\ri]4 ,oct4 #ag1 #ahcg4 ,committ$ to ! ,*>le/on ,"w ,h\se ,tom1 two ( 8 upp] front tee? out1 ab\t #cj ye>s ( age4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,neyle1 ,savannah 7,ga47 ,republican1 ,july #c1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway ,pet]1 has lo/ two front tee? 9 ! upp] jaw4 ,mr4 ,john ,mc,murrain1 ne> ,columbus1 ,georgia ,mess5g]1 ,aug4 #b1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a boy nam$ ,moses1 "s ( 8 front tee? out4 ,mr4 ,john ,k5n$y1 ,/ew>t ,co4 ,la4 ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,april #g1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,sally1 h] =e tee? out4 ,mr4 ,a4,j4 ,hut*+s1 ne> ,flor5ce1 ,ala4 ,nor? ,alabamian1 ,augu/ #be1 #ahch ,ranaway1 ,george ,w9/on1 two ( 8 upp] =e tee? out imm$iately 9 front4 ,mr4 ,james ,purdon1 #cc ,commons /reet1 ,n4,o4 ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,feb4 #ac1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ,jackson1 has lo/ "o ( 8 front tee?4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,calv]t1 9 ! ,arkansas ,/ate ,gazette1 ,augu/ #bb1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ,jack1 #be ye>s old1 has lo/ "o ( 8 =e tee?4 ,mr4 ,a4,g4,a4 ,beazley1 9 ! ,memphis ,gazette1 ,m>* #ah1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ,abraham1 #bj or #bb ye>s ( age1 8 front tee? out4 ,mr4 ,samuel ,t[ns5d1 9 ! ,huntsville ,ala4 ,democrat1 ,may #bd1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,dick1 #ah or #bj ye>s ( age1 has "o front too? out4 ,mr4 ,philip ,a4 ,dew1 9 ! ,virg9ia ,h]ald1 ( ,may #bd1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,wa%+ton1 ab\t #be ye>s ( age1 has an upp] front too? out4 ,j4,g4 ,dunlap1 ,georgia ,con/itutionali/1 ,april #bd1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 negro woman ,abbe1 upp] front tee? out4 ,john ,?omas1 ,s\!rn ,argus1 ,augu/ #g1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ,lewis1 #be or #bf ye>s old1 "o or two ( 8 front tee? out4 ,m4,e4,w4 ,gilb]t1 9 ! ,columbus ,ga4 ,enquir]1 ,oct4 #e4 #ahcg4 #ej ,,doll>s ,,rew>d1 = ,pr9ce1 #be or #bf ye>s old1 "o or two tee? out 9 front on ! upp] jaw4 ,publi%] ( ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury1 ,aug4 #ca1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ,sell] ,saund]s1 "o =e too? out1 ab\t #bb ye>s ( age4 ,mr4 ,byrd ,m4 ,grace1 9 ! ,macon ,ga4 ,telegraph1 ,oct4 #af1 #achc4 ,ranaway1 ,w>r51 ab\t #be or #bf ye>s old1 has lo/ "s ( 8 front tee?4 ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,b>nes1 9 ! ,mill$geville ,ga4 ,j\rnal1 ,may #bb1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,h5ry1 ab\t #bc ye>s old1 has "o ( 8 upp] front tee? out4 ,d4 ,h]r+1 ,w>d5 ( ,baltimore ,jail1 9 ,baltimore ,*ronicle1 ,oct4 #f1 #ahcg4 ,committ$ to jail ,elizabe? ,/ew>d1 #ag or #ah ye>s old1 has "o ( h] front tee? out4 ,mr4 ,j4,l4 ,colborn1 9 ! ,huntsville ,ala4 ,democrat1 ,july #d1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway ,liley1 #bf ye>s ( age1 "o =e too? gone4 ,samuel ,h>man ,jr4 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,oct4 #ab1 #ahch4 #ej ,,doll>s ,,rew>d1 = ,adolphe1 #bh ye>s old1 two ( 8 front tee? are miss+4 ,7 x necess>y1 we might easily add to ! prec$+ li/1 hundr$s4 ,! read] w rem>k t all ! slaves1 ^: ages are giv51 are "y--n "o has arriv$ at middle age2 consequ5tly x c h>dly be suppos$ t !y h lo/ _! tee? ei!r f age or decay4 ,! probability t _! tee? 7 tak5 out by =ce1 is increas$ by ! fact ( _! be+ front tee? 9 almo/ e case1 & f ! fact t ! loss ( no o!r is m5tion$ 9 ! adv]tisem5ts4 ,x is well kn[n t ! front tee? are n g5]ally ! fir/ to fail4 ,fur!r1 x is notori\s t ! tee? ( ! slaves are rem>kably s\nd & s]viceable1 t !y decay f> less1 & at a mu* lat] p]iod ( life ?an ! tee? ( ! :ites3 ow+ p>tly1 no d\bt1 to orig9al con/itution2 b m probably to _! diet1 habits1 & mode ( life4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! horrible mutilations sometimes suff]$ by !m 9 ! break+ & te>+ out ( _! tee?1 we ins]t ! foll[+1 f ! ,new ,orleans ,bee ( ,may #ca1 #ahcg4 #aj ,,rew>d4--,ranaway1 ,friday1 ,may #ab1 ,,julia1 a negress1 ,,eighte5 ,,or ,,tw5ty ,,ye>s ,,old4 ,,%e ,,has ,,lo/ ,,h] ,,upp] ,,tee?1 & ! "u ones ,,are ,,all ,,brok54 ,said rew>d w be paid to :oev] w br+ h] to h] ma/]1 ,no4 #agb ,b>racks-/reet1 or lodge h] 9 ! jail4 ,! foll[+ is conta9$ 9 ! same pap]4 ,ranaway1 ,,nelson1 #bg ye>s old1--,,all ,,8 ,,tee? ,,are ,,miss+4 ,?is adv]tisem5t is sign$ by ,s4 ,,elf]1 ,faub\rg ,m>igny4 ,we n[ call ! att5tion ( ! read] to a mass ( te/imony 9 support ( our g5]al proposition4 ,,george ,b4 ,,ripley1 ,esq4 ( ,norwi*1 ,connecticut1 has furni%$ ! foll[+ /atem5t1 9 a lett] dat$ ,dec4 #ab1 #ahch4 ,,gurdon ,,*apman1 ,esq41 a respectable m]*ant ( our city1 "o ( our c\nty commission]s1--la/ spr+ a memb] ( our /ate legislature1--& ^: "* = v]acity is above suspicion1 ab\t a ye> s9ce visit$ ! c\nty ( ,nansemond1 ,virg9ia1 = ! purpose ( buy+ a c>go ( corn4 ,he pur*as$ a l>ge quantity ( ,mr4 ----1 ) ^: family he sp5t a week or t5 days2 aft] he return$1 he relat$ to me & sev]al o!r citiz5s ! foll[+ facts4 ,9 ord] to prep>e ! corn = m>ket by ! "t agre$ ^u1 ! slaves 7 work$ z h>d z !y w\ld be>1 f daybreak until #i or #aj o'clock at night4 ,!y 7 call$ directly f _! bunks 9 ! morn+ to _! "w1 )\t a morsel ( food until noon1 :5 !y took _! breakfa/ & d9n]1 consi/+ ( bacon & corn bread4 ,! quantity ( meat 0 n "o t5? ( :at ! same numb] ( nor!rn labor]s usually h at a meal4 ,!y 7 all[$ b fifte5 m9utes to take ?is meal1 at ! expiration ( ?is "t ! horn 0 bl[n4 ,! rigor ) :i* !y en=ce punctuality to its call1 may be imag9$ f ! fact1 t a little boy only n9e ye>s old 0 :ipp$ s sev]ely by ! driv]1 t 9 _m places ! :ip cut ?r\gh 8 clo!s 7:i* 7 ( cotton17 = t>d9ess ( n ov] ?ree m9utes4 ,!y !n work$ )\t int]mission until #i or #aj at night2 aft] :i* !y prep>$ & ate _! second meal1 z scanty z ! fir/4 ,an ag$ slave1 :o 0 rem>kable = 8 indu/ry & fidelity1 0 work+ ) all 8 might on ! ?re%+ floor2 amid/ ! clatt] ( ! %ell+ & w9n[+ ma*9es ! ma/] spoke to him1 b he did n he>2 he pres5tly gave him sev]al sev]e cuts ) ! raw hide1 say+1 at ! same "t1 'damn y1 if y _c he> ,i'll see if y c feel4' ,"o morn+ ! ma/] rose f breakfa/ & :ipp$ mo/ cruelly1 ) a raw hide1 a nice girl :o 0 wait+ on ! table1 = n op5+ a we/ w9d[ :5 he _h told h] to op5 an ea/ "o4 ,! numb] ( slaves 0 only =ty1 & yet ! la% 0 9 con/ant use4 ,! bodies ( all ( !m 7 lit]ally cov]$ ) old sc>s4 ,n "o ( ! slaves att5d$ *ur* on ! ,sabba?4 ,! social relations 7 sc>cely recognis$ among !m1 & !y liv$ 9 a /ate ( promiscu\s concub9age4 ,! ma/] said he took pa9s to bre$ f 8 be/ /ock--! :it] ! prog5y ! high] !y w\ld sell = h\se s]vants4 ,:5 ask$ by ,mr4 ,c4 if he did n fe> 8 slaves w\ld run away if he :ipp$ !m s mu*1 he repli$1 !y "k too well :at !y mu/ suff] if !y are tak5--& !n said1 ',i'll tell y h[ ,i treat my runaway nigg]s4 ,i _h a big nigg] t ran away ! second "t2 z soon z ,i got track ( him ,i took ?ree good fell[s & w5t 9 pursuit1 & f\nd him 9 ! night1 "s miles di/ant1 9 a corn-h\se2 we took him & iron$ him h& & foot1 & c>t$ him home4 ,! next morn+ we ti$ him to a tree1 & :ipp$ him until !re 0 n a s\nd place on 8 back4 ,i !n ti$ 8 ankles & hoi/$ him up to a limb--feet up & head d[n--we !n :ipp$ him1 until ! damn$ nigg] smok$ s t ,i ?\ght he w\ld take fire & burn up4 ,we !n took him d[n2 & to make sure t he %\ld n run away ! ?ird "t1 ,i run my knife 9 back ( ! ankles1 & cut (f ! l>ge cords1--& !n ,i ought to h put "s lead into ! w\nds1 b ,i =got x' ,! tru? ( ! above is f unque/ionable au?ority2 & y may publi% or suppress x1 z %all be/ subs]ve ! cause ( ,god & humanity4 ,,extract ,,( ,a ,,lett] ,,f ,,/ephan ,,sewall1 ,esq41 ,w9?rop1 ,ma9e1 dat$ ,jan4 #ab?1 #ahci4 ,mr4 ,s4 is a memb] ( ! ,congregational *ur* 9 ,w9?rop1 & late ag5t ( ! ,w9?rop ,manufactur+ company4 ,be+ some:at acqua9t$ ) slav]y1 by a resid5ce ( ab\t five ye>s 9 ,alabama1 & hav+ witness$ _m acts ( slavehold+ cruelty1 ,i w m5tion "o or two t came "u my eye2 & "o ( excessive cruelty m5tion$ to me at ! "t1 by ! g5tleman 7n[ dead17 t int]f]$ 9 behalf ( ! slave4 ,i 0 witness to su* cruelties by an ov]se] to a slave1 t he twice attempt$ to dr[n himself1 to get out ( 8 p[]3 ?is 0 on a raft ( slaves1 9 ! ,mobile riv]4 ,i saw an own] take 8 runaway slave1 tie a rope r\nd him1 !n get on 8 horse1 give ! slave & horse a cut ! :ip1 & run ! poor creature b>efoot$1 v fa/1 ov] r\gh gr\nd1 :]e small black jack oaks _h be5 cut up1 leav+ ! %>p /umps1 on :i* ! slave w\ld frequ5tly fall2 !n ! ma/] w\ld drag him z long z he c\ld himself hold out2 !n /op1 & :ip him up on 8 feet aga9--!n proce$ z be=e4 ,?is cont9u$ until he got out ( my sight1 :i* 0 ab\t half a mile4 ,b :at fur!r cruelties ?is wret*$ man1 7^: passion 0 s excit$ t he c\ld sc>cely utt] a ^w :5 he took ! slave into 8 own p[]17 inflict$ ^u 8 poor victim1 ! day ( judgm5t w unfold4 ,i h se5 slaves sev]ely :ipp$ on plantations1 b ?is is an e day occurr5ce1 & comes "u ! head ( g5]al treatm5t4 ,i h kn[n ! case ( a husb& compell$ to :ip 8 wife4 ,?is ,i did n witness1 ?\gh n two rods f ! cab9 at ! "t4 ,i w n[ m5tion ! case ( cruelty be=e ref]r$ to4 ,9 #ahbj or #ba1 :ile ! public works 7 go+ =w>d on ,dauph9 ,isl&1 ,mobile ,bay1 a contractor1 engag$ on ! works1 beat "o ( 8 slaves s sev]ely t ! poor creature _h no long] p[] to wri! "u 8 suff]+3 he !n took out 8 knife1 & began to cut 8 fle% 9 /rips1 f 8 hips d[n4 ,at ?is mom5t1 ! g5tleman ref]r$ to1 :o 0 also a contractor1 %ock$ at su* inhumanity1 /epp$ =w>d1 betwe5 ! wret* & 8 victim1 & exclaim$1 ',if y t\* t slave aga9 y d x at ! p]il ( y\r life4' ,! slavehold] rav$ at him = int]f]+ betwe5 him & 8 slave2 b he 0 oblig$ to drop 8 victim1 fe>+ ! arm ( my fri5d--^: /ature & physical p[]s 7 extraord9>y4 ,,extract ,,( ,a ,,lett] ,,f ,,mrs4 ,,m>y ,,c[les1 a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* at ,g5eva1 ,a%tabula c\nty1 ,ohio1 dat$ #ab?1 mo4 #ah?1 #ahch4 ,mrs4 ,c[les is a daught] ( ,mr4 ,james ,colwell ( ,brook c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 ne> ,we/ ,lib]ty4 ,9 ! ye> #ahji1 ,i ?9k1 :5 ,i 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s old1 a man 9 ! vic9ity :]e ,i resid$1 9 ,brooke co4 ,va4 ne> ,we/ ,lib]ty1 by ! "n ( ,morgan1 _h a little slave girl ab\t six ye>s old1 :o _h a habit or r a natural infirmity common to *ildr5 ( t age4 ,on ?is acc\nt h] ma/] & mi/ress w\ld p9* h] e>s ) hot tongs1 & ?r[ hot emb]s on h] legs4 ,n be+ able to accompli% _! object by ^! means1 !y at la/ resort$ to a me?od too indelicate1 & too horrible to describe 9 detail4 ,suffice x to say1 x soon put an end to h] life 9 ! mo/ excruciat+ mann]4 ,if fur!r te/imony to au!nticate :at ,i h /at$ is necess>y1 ,i ref] y to ,dr4 ,rob]t ,mit*el :o !n resid$ 9 ! vic9ity1 b n[ lives at ,indiana1 ,p5nsylvania1 above ,pittsburgh4 ,,m>y ,,c[les4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,william ,,ladd1 ,esq41 n[ ( ,m9ot1 ,ma9e1 =m]ly a slavehold] 9 ,florida4 ,mr4 ,ladd is n[ ! ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,peace ,society4 ,9 a lett] dat$ ,novemb] #bi1 #ahch1 ,mr4 ,ladd says3 ,:ile ,i liv$ 9 ,florida ,i knew a slavehold] ^: "n 0 ,hut*9son1 he _h be5 a prea*] & a memb] ( ! ,s5ate ( ,georgia4 ,he told me t he d>$ n keep a gun 9 8 h\se1 because he 0 s passionate2 & t he _h be5 ! dea? ( ?ree or f\r m54 ,i und]/ood him to mean slaves4 ,"o ( 8 slaves1 a girl1 once came to my h\se4 ,%e _h run away f him at ,indian riv]4 ,! cords ( "o ( h] h&s 7 s mu* contract$ t h] h& 0 useless4 ,x 0 said t he _h ?ru/ h] h& into ! fire :ile he 0 9 a fit ( passion1 & held x !re1 & ?is 0 ! effect4 ,my wife _h hid ! girl1 :5 ,hut*9son came = h]4 ,out ( compassion = ! poor slave1 ,i (f]$ him m ?an %e 0 wor?1 :i* he refus$4 ,we aft]w>d let ! girl escape1 & ,i d n "k :at became ( h]1 b ,i believe he nev] got h] aga94 ,x 0 curr5tly report$ ( ,hut*9son1 t he once knock$ d[n a new negro 7"o rec5tly f ,africa7 :o 0 cle>+ up l&1 & :o compla9$ ( ! cold1 z x 0 mid-w9t]4 ,! slave 0 /unn$ ) ! bl[4 ,hut*9son1 suppos+ he _h ! 'sulks1' appli$ fire to ! side ( ! slave until x 0 s roa/$ t he said ! slave 0 n wor? cur+1 & ord]$ ! o!r slaves to pile on bru%1 & he 0 consum$4 ,a murd] occurr$ at ! settlem5t1 7,musquito7 :ile ,i liv$ !re4 ,an ov]se] f ,georgia1 :o 0 employ$ by a ,mr4 ,cormick1 9 a fit ( jeal\sy %ot a slave ( ,samuel ,williams1 ! own] ( ! next plantation4 ,he 0 appreh5d$1 b aft]w>d suff]$ to escape4 ,?is man told me t he _h r :ip a negro ?an sit d[n to ! be/ d9n]4 ,?is man _h1 ne> 8 h\se1 a contrivance l t :i* is us$ 9 armies :]e soldi]s are puni%$ ) ! picket2 by ?is ! slave 0 drawn up f ! e>?1 by a cord pass+ r\nd 8 wri/s1 s t 8 feet c\ld j t\* ! gr\nd4 ,x some:at resembl$ a ,new ,engl& well sweep1 & 0 us$ :5 ! slaves 7 flogg$4 ,! treatm5t ( slaves at ,musquito ,i consid] mu* mild] ?an t :i* ,i h witness$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,florida 0 "u ! ,spani% gov]nm5t :ile ,i liv$ !re4 ,!re 7 ab\t fifte5 or tw5ty plantations at ,musquito4 ,i h an indi/9ct recollection ( f\r or five slaves dy+ ( ! cold 9 ,amelia ,isl&4 ,!y belong$ to ,mr4 ,bunce ( musquito4 ,! comp5sation ( ! ov]se]s 0 a c]ta9 portion ( ! crop4 ,,g]rit ,,smi?1 ,esq4 ( ,pet]boro1 9 a lett]1 dat$ ,dec4 #ae1 #ahch1 says3 ,i h j be5 conv]s+ ) an inhabitant ( ?is t[n1 on ! subject ( ! cruelties ( slav]y4 ,my neighbors in=m me t he is a man ( v]acity4 ,! c&id mann] ( 8 communication utt]ly =bade ! suspicion t he 0 attempt+ to deceive me4 ,my in=mant says t he resid$ 9 ,l\isiana & ,alabama dur+ a great "p ( ! ye>s #ahai & #ahbj3--t he frequ5tly saw slaves :ipp$1 nev] saw any kill$2 b (t5 he>d ( _! be+ kill$3--t 9 sev]al in/ances he _h se5 a slave receive1 9 ! space ( two h\rs1 five hundr$ la%es--ea* /roke draw+ blood4 ,he adds t ?is sev]e :ipp+ 0 always foll[$ by ! application ( /rong br9e to ! lac]at$ p>ts4 ,my in=mant fur!r says1 t 9 ! spr+ ( #ahai1 he /e]$ a boat f ,l\isville to ,new ,orleans4 ,:il/ /opp+ at a plantation on ! ea/ bank ( ! ,mississippi1 betwe5 ,nat*ez & ,new ,orleans1 = ! purpose ( mak+ sale ( "s ( ! articles ) :i* ! boat 0 freight$1 he & 8 fell[ boatm5 saw a %ock+ly cruel puni%m5t inflict$ on a c\ple ( slaves = ! repeat$ (f5ce ( runn+ away4 ,/raw 0 spread ov] ! :ole ( _! backs1 &1 aft] be+ fa/5$ by a b& ( ! same mat]ial1 0 ignit$1 & left to burn1 until entirely consum$4 ,! agonies & screams ( ! suff]]s he c nev] =get4 ,dr4 ,,david ,,nelson1 late presid5t ( ,m>ion ,college1 ,miss\ri1 a native ( ,t5nessee1 & till =ty ye>s old a slavehold]1 said 9 an ,anti-,slav]y address at ,nor?ampton1 ,mass4 ,jan4 #ahci-- ,i h n attempt$ to h>r[ y\r feel+s ) /ories ( cruelty4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 m5tion "o or two among ! _m incid5ts t came "u my obs]vation z family physician4 ,i 0 "o day dress+ a bli/]1 & ! mi/ress ( ! h\se s5t a little black girl into ! kit*5 to br+ me "s w>m wat]4 ,%e probably mi/ook h] message2 = %e return$ ) a b[l full ( boil+ wat]2 :i* h] mi/ress no soon] p]ceiv$1 ?an %e ?ru/ h] h& into x1 & held x !re till x 0 half cook$4 ,mr4 ,,h5ry ,h4 ,,loomis1 a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,!ological ,sem9>y 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 says1 9 a rec5t lett]-- ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,h>t1 rec5tly my pa/or1 9 ,otsego c\nty1 ,new ,york1 & :o has sp5t "s "t at ! s\? z a tea*]1 /at$ to me t 9 ! neighborhood 9 :i* he resid$ a slave 0 set to wat* a turnip pat* ne> an academy1 9 ord] to keep (f ! boys :o occasionally trespass$ on x4 ,attempt+ to repeat ! trespass 9 pres5ce ( ! slave1 !y 7 told t 8 'ma/] =bad x4' ,at ?is ! boys 7 enrag$1 & hurl$ brickbats at ! slave until 8 face & o!r p>ts 7 mu* injur$ & w\nd$--b no?+ 0 said or done ab\t x z an injury to ! slave4 ,he also said1 t a slave f ! same neighborhood 0 f\nd out 9 ! woods1 ) 8 arms & legs burn$ almo/ to a c9d]1 up z f> z ! elb[ & knee jo9ts2 & !re appe>$ to be b little m said or ?\ght ab\t x ?an if he _h be5 a brute4 ,x 0 suppos$ t 8 ma/] 0 ! cause ( x--mak+ him an example ( puni%m5t to ! re/ ( ! gang6 ,! foll[+ is an extract ( a lett] dat$ ,m>* #e1 #ahci1 f ,mr4 ,,john ,,cl>ke1 a highly respect$ citiz5 ( ,scriba1 ,oswego c\nty1 ,new ,york1 & a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*4 ,! ',mrs4 ,turn]' spok5 ( 9 ,mr4 ,c4's lett]1 is ! wife ( ,hon4 ,field+ ,s4 ,turn]1 :o 9 #ahjc resid$ at ,lex+ton1 ,k5tucky1 & 0 ! attorney = ! ,commonweal?4 ,soon aft] t1 he remov$ to ,new ,orleans1 & 0 = _m ye>s ,judge ( ! ,crim9al ,c\rt ( t city4 ,hav+ amass$ an imm5se =tune1 he return$ to ,lex+ton a few ye>s s9ce1 & /ill resides !re4 ,mr4 ,c4 ! writ]1 sp5t ! w9t] ( #ahcf-g 9 ,lex+ton4 ,he says1 ,y\rs ( ! #bg? ult4 is receiv$1 & ,i ha/5 to /ate ! facts :i* came to my k :ile 9 ,lex+ton1 respect+ ! occurr5ces ab\t :i* y inquire4 ,mrs4 ,turn] 0 orig9ally a ,bo/on lady4 ,%e is f #ce to #dj ye>s ( age1 & ! wife ( ,judge ,turn]1 =m]ly ( ,new ,orleans1 & wor? a l>ge =tune 9 slaves & plantations4 ,i repeat$ly he>d1 :ile 9 ,lex+ton1 ,k5tucky1 dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahcf-g1 ( ! wanton cruelty practis$ by ?is woman ^u h] slaves1 & t %e _h caus$ sev]al to be :ipp$ to dea?2 b ,i nev] he>d t %e 0 suspect$ ( be+ d]ang$1 o!rwise ?an by ! indulg5ce ( an ungov]n$ temp]1 until ,i he>d t h] husb& 0 attempt+ to inc>c]ate h] 9 ! ,lunatic ,asylum4 ,! citiz5s ( ,lex+ton1 believ+ ! *>ge to be a false "o1 rose & prev5t$ ! accompli%m5t = a "t1 until1 lull$ by ! fair promises ( 8 fri5ds1 !y left 8 domicil1 & 9 ! dead ( night %e 0 tak5 by =ce1 & convey$ to ! asylum4 ,?is proce$+ be+ judg$ illegal by h] fri5ds1 a suit 0 in/itut$ to lib]ate h]4 ,i he>d ! te/imony on ! trial1 :i* relat$ only to proce$+s _h 9 ord] to gett+ h] admitt$ into ! asylum2 & no facts came out relative to h] treatm5t ( h] slaves1 o!r ?an ( a g5]al "*4 ,"s days aft] ! above trial1 7:i* by ! way did n come to an ultimate decision1 z ,i believe7 ,i 0 pres5t 9 my bro!r's (fice1 :5 ,judge ,turn]1 9 a long conv]sation ) my bro!r on ! subject ( 8 trials ) 8 wife1 said1 ',t woman has be5 ! imm$iate cause ( ! dea? ( six ( my s]vants1 by h] sev]ities6 ,i 0 repeat$ly told1 :ile ,i 0 !re1 t %e drove a color$ boy f ! second /ory w9d[1 a di/ance ( #ae to #ah feet1 on to ! pavem5t1 :i* made him a cripple = a "t4 ,i he>d ! trial ( a man = ! murd] ( 8 slave1 by :ipp+1 :]e ! evid5ce 0 to my m9d p]fectly conclusive ( 8 guilt2 b ! jury 7 two ( !m = convict+ him ( manslaught]1 & ! re/ = acquitt+ him2 & z !y c\ld n agree 7 dis*>g$--& on a subsequ5t trial1 z ,i le>n$ by ! pap]s1 ! culprit 0 acquitt$4 ,rev4 ,,?omas ,,savage1 ( ,b$=d1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 9 a rec5t lett]1 /ates ! foll[+ fact3 ,! foll[+ circum/ance 0 relat$ to me la/ summ]1 by my bro!r1 n[ resid+ z a physician1 at ,rodney1 ,mississippi2 & :o1 ?\gh a pro-slav]y man1 spoke ( x 9 t]ms ( reprobation1 z an act ( caprici\s1 wanton cruelty4 ,! plant] :o 0 ! actor 9 x ,i myself knew2 & ! :ole transaction is s *>act]i/ic ( ! man1 t1 indep5d5t ( ! /rong au?ority ,i h1 ,i %\ld ent]ta9 b little d\bt ( its au!nticity4 ,he is a weal?y plant]1 resid+ ne> ,nat*ez1 ecc5tric1 caprici\s & intemp]ate4 ,on "o occasion he invit$ a numb] ( gue/s to an elegant ent]ta9m5t1 prep>$ 9 ! true /yle ( s\!rn luxury4 ,f "s cause1 none ( ! gue/s appe>$4 ,9 a moody humor1 & "u ! influ5ce1 probably1 ( mortifi$ pride1 he ord]$ ! ov]se] to call ! p 7a t]m by :i* ! field h&s are g5]ally designat$17 on to ! piazza4 ,! ord] 0 obey$1 & ! p came4 ',n[1' said he1 'h !m seat$ at ! table4 ,accord+ly !y 7 seat$ at ! well-furni%$1 glitt]+ table1 :ile he & 8 ov]se] wait$ on !m1 & help$ !m to ! v>i\s da9ties ( ! fea/4 ',n[1' said he1 aft] a:ile1 rais+ 8 voice1 'take ^! rascals1 & give !m tw5ty la%es a piece4 ,i'll %[ !m h[ to eat at my table4' ,! ov]se]1 9 relat+ x1 said he _h to comply1 ?\gh reluctantly1 ) ?is brutal comm&4 ,mr4 ,,h5ry ,p4 ,,?ompson1 a native & /ill a resid5t ( ,ni*olasville1 ,k5tucky1 made ! foll[+ /atem5t at a public meet+ 9 ,lane ,sem9>y1 ,ohio1 9 #ahcc4 ,he 0 at t "t a slavehold]4 ,cruelties1 said he1 are s common1 ,i h>dly "k :at to relate4 ,b "o fact occurs to me j at ?is "t1 t happ5$ 9 ! village :]e ,i live4 ,! circum/ances are ^!4 ,a color$ man1 a slave1 ran away4 ,z he 0 cross+ ,k5tucky riv]1 a :ite man1 :o suspect$ him1 attempt$ to /op him4 ,! negro resi/$4 ,! :ite man procur$ help1 & f9ally succe$$ 9 secur+ him4 ,he !n wreak$ 8 v5geance on him = resi/+--flogg+ him till he 0 n able to walk4 ,!y !n put him on a horse1 & came on ) him t5 miles to ,ni*olasville4 ,:5 !y ent]$ ! village1 x 0 notic$ t he sat ^u 8 horse l a drunk5 man4 ,x 0 a v hot day2 & :il/ !y 7 tak+ "s refre%m5t1 ! negro sat d[n ^u ! gr\nd1 "u ! %ade4 ,:5 !y ord]$ him to g1 he made sev]al ef=ts be=e he c\ld get up2 & :5 he attempt$ to m\nt ! horse1 8 /r5g? 0 entirely insuffici5t4 ,"o ( ! m5 /ruck him1 & ) an oa? ord]$ him to get on ! horse )\t any m fuss4 ,! negro /agg]$ back a few /eps1 fell d[n1 & di$4 ,i d n "k t any notice 0 ev] tak5 ( x4 ,rev4 ,,coleman ,s4 ,,hodges1 a native & /ill a resid5t ( ,we/]n ,virg9ia1 gave ! foll[+ te/imony at ! same meet+4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 ! mi/ress ( a family 9 ,virg9ia1 ) :om ,i 0 well acqua9t$1 beat ! woman :o p]=m$ ! kit*5 "w1 ) a /ick two feet & a half long1 & ne>ly z ?ick z my wri/2 /rik+ h] ov] ! head1 & across ! small ( ! back1 z %e 0 b5t ov] at h] "w1 ) z mu* spite z y w\ld a snake1 & = :at ,i %\ld consid] no (f5ce at all4 ,!re liv$ 9 ?is same family a "y man1 a slave1 :o 0 9 ! habit ( runn+ away4 ,he return$ "o "t aft] a week's abs5ce4 ,! ma/] took him into ! b>n1 /ripp$ him entirely nak$1 ti$ him up by 8 h&s s high t he c\ld n rea* ! floor1 ti$ 8 feet toge!r1 & put a small rail betwe5 8 legs1 s t he c\ld n avoid ! bl[s1 & comm5c$ :ipp+ him4 ,he told me t he gave him five hundr$ la%es4 ,at any rate1 he 0 cov]$ ) w\nds f head to foot4 ,n a place z big z my h& b :at 0 cut4 ,su* ?+s z ^! are p]fectly common all ov] ,virg9ia2 at lea/ s f> z ,i am acqua9t$4 ,g5]ally1 plant]s avoid puni%+ _! slaves be=e /rang]s4 ,mr4 ,,calv9 ,h4 ,,tate1 ( ,miss\ri1 ^: fa!r & bro!rs 7 slavehold]s1 relat$ ! foll[+ at ! same meet+4 ,! plantation on :i* x occurr$1 0 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( 8 fa!r's4 ,a "y woman1 :o 0 g5]ally v badly treat$1 aft] receiv+ a m sev]e :ipp+ ?an usual1 ran away4 ,9 a few days %e came back1 & 0 s5t into ! field to "w4 ,at ?is "t ! g>m5t next h] sk9 0 /iff l a scab1 f ! runn+ ( ! sores made by ! :ipp+4 ,t[>ds night1 %e told h] ma/] t %e 0 sick1 & wi%$ to g to ! h\se4 ,%e w5t1 & z soon z %e rea*$ x1 laid d[n on ! floor exhau/$4 ,! mi/ress ask$ h] :at ! matt] 08 ,%e made no reply4 ,%e ask$ aga92 b receiv$ no answ]4 ',i'll see1' said %e1 'if ,i c't make y speak4' ,s tak+ ! tongs1 %e heat$ !m r$ hot1 & put !m ^u ! bottoms ( h] feet2 !n ^u h] legs & body2 &1 f9ally1 9 a rage1 took hold ( h] ?roat4 ,?is _h ! desir$ effect4 ,! poor girl fa9tly :isp]$1 ',oh1 misse1 don't--,i am mo/ gone2' & expir$4 ,extract ( a lett] f ,rev4 ,c4,s4 ,,r5%aw1 pa/or ( ! ,congregational ,*ur*1 ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois4 ,judge ,m5zies ( ,boone c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 an eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & a slavehold]1 told me t he knew "s ov]se]s 9 ! tobacco gr[+ region ( ,virg9ia1 :o1 to make _! slaves c>eful 9 pick+ ! tobacco1 t is tak+ ! worms (f2 7y "k :at a loa?some ?+ ! tobacco worm is7 w\ld make !m eat "s ( ! worms1 & o!rs :o made !m eat e worm !y miss$ 9 pick+4 ,mrs4 ,,nancy ,,judd1 a memb] ( ! ,non-,con=mi/ ,*ur* 9 ,osnaburg1 ,/>k c\nty1 ,ohio1 & =m]ly a resid5t ( ,k5tucky1 te/ifies t %e knew a slavehold]1 ,mr4 ,brubeck]1 :o _h a numb] ( slaves1 among :om 0 "o :o w\ld frequ5tly avoid labor by hid+ himself2 = :i* he w\ld get sev]e flogg+s )\t ! desir$ effect1 & t at la/ ,mr4 ,b4 w\ld tie l>ge cats on 8 nak$ body & :ip !m to make !m te> 8 back1 9 ord] to break him ( 8 habit ( hid+4 ,rev4 ,,horace ,,m\lton1 a m9i/] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ,m>lbor\gh1 ,massa*usetts1 says3 ,"s1 :5 o!r modes ( puni%m5t w n subdue !m1 cat-haul !m2 t is1 take a cat by ! nape ( ! neck & tail1 or by its h9d legs1 & drag ! claws across ! back until satisfi$2 ?is k9d ( puni%m5t1 z ,i h und]/ood1 poisons ! fle% mu* worse ?an ! :ip1 & is m dread$ by ! slave4 ,rev4 ,,abel ,,br[n1 ,jr4 late pa/or ( ! fir/ ,bapti/ ,*ur*1 ,beav]1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 a communication to ,rev4 ,c4,p4 ,grosv5or1 ,editor ( ! ,*ri/ian ,reflector1 says3 ,i almo/ daily see ! poor he>t-brok5 slave mak+ 8 way to a l& ( fre$om4 ,a %ort "t s9ce1 ,i saw a noble1 pi\s1 di/ress$1 _s-cru%$ slave1 a memb] ( ! ,bapti/ *ur*1 escap+ f a 7pr(ess$ ,*ri/ian7 bloodh\nd1 to a l& :]e he c\ld enjoy t ( :i* he _h be5 robb$ dur+ =ty ye>s4 ,8 pray]s w\ld h made u all feel4 ,i saw a ,bapti/ si/] ( ab\t ! same age1 h] *ildr5 _h be5 torn f h]1 h] head 0 cov]$ ) fre% w\nds1 :ile h] upp] lip _h sc>cely ceas$ to ble$1 9 consequ5ce ( a bl[ ) ! pok]1 :i* knock$ out h] tee?2 %e too1 0 go+ to a l& ( fre$om4 ,only a v few days s9ce1 ,i saw a girl ( ab\t eighte51 ) a *ild z :ite z myself1 ag$ t5 mon?s2 a ,*ri/ian ma/] 0 rais+ h] *ild 7z well 8 own p]haps7 to sell to a s\!rn m>ket4 ,%e _h he>d ( ! int5tion1 & at midnight took h] only treasure & travel$ tw5ty miles on foot ?r\gh a l& ( /rang]s--%e f\nd fri5ds4 ,rev4 ,,h5ry ,t4 ,,hopk9s1 pa/or ( ! ,primitive ,me?odi/ ,*ur* 9 ,new ,york ,city1 :o resid$ 9 ,virg9ia f #ahba to #ahbf1 relates ! foll[+ fact3 ,an old color$ man1 ! slave ( ,mr4 ,em]son2 ( ,portsm\?1 ,virg9ia1 be+ "u deep conviction = s91 w5t into ! back "p ( 8 ma/]'s g>d5 to p\r out 8 s\l 9 pray] to ,god4 ,= ?is (f5ce he 0 :ipp$ ?irty-n9e la%es4 ,extract ( a lett] f ,,doctor ,f4 ,,julius ,,lemoyne1 ( ,wa%+ton1 ,p5nsylvania1 dat$ ,jan4 #i1 #ahci4 ,le/ y %\ld n h se5 ! /atem5t to :i* ,i am go+ to allude1 ,i subjo9 a brief outl9e ( ! facts ( a transaction :i* occurr$ 9 ,we/]n ,virg9ia1 adjac5t to ?is c\nty1 a numb] ( ye>s ago--a full acc\nt ( :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,witness ab\t two ye>s s9ce by ,dr4 ,mit*ell1 :o n[ resides 9 ,indiana c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,a slave boy ran away 9 cold wea!r1 & dur+ 8 concealm5t _h 8 legs froz52 he return$1 or 0 retak54 ,aft] "s "t ! fle% decay$ & sl\gh$--( c\rse 0 (f5sive--he 0 c>ri$ out to a field & left !re )\t b$1 or %elt]1 des]t$ to die4 ,8 only companions 7 ! h\se dogs :i* he call$ to him4 ,aft] sev]al days & nights sp5t 9 suff]+ & exposure1 he 0 visit$ by ,drs4 ,mc,kitchen & ,mit*ell 9 ! field1 ( _! own accord1 hav+ he>d by report ( 8 lam5table condition2 !y remon/rat$ ) ! ma/]2 br\ght ! boy to ! h\se1 amputat$ bo? legs1 & he f9ally recov]$4 ,hon4 ,,james ,k4 ,,pauld+1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,navy ( ! ,u4 ,/ates1 9 8 ,lett]s f ! ,s\? publi%$ 9 #ahag1 relates ! foll[+3 ,at "o ( ! tav]ns along ! road we 7 set d[n 9 ! same room ) an eld]ly man & a y\? :o seem$ to be well acqua9t$ ) him1 = !y conv]s$ famili>ly & ) true republican indep5d5ce--= !y did n m9d :o he>d !m4 ,f ! t5or ( 8 conv]sation ,i 0 induc$ to look p>ticul>ly at ! eld]4 ,he 0 tell+ ! y\? some?+ l ! foll[+ dete/$ tale4 ,he 0 go+1 x seems1 to ,ri*mond1 to inquire ab\t a draft = sev5 ?\s& doll>s1 :i* he _h s5t by mail1 b :i*1 n hav+ be5 ackn[l$g$ by 8 correspond5t1 he 0 afraid _h be5 /ol51 & ! money receiv$ by ! ?ief4 ',i %\ld n l to lose x1' said he1 '= ,i work$ h>d = x1 & sold _m a poor d----l ( a black to ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 to scrape x toge!r4' ,he !n w5t on to tell _m a p]fidi\s tale4 ,all along ! road x seems he made x 8 bus9ess to inquire :]e liv$ a man :o might be tempt$ to become a p>ty 9 ?is accurs$ traffic1 & :5 he _h got "s half doz5 ( ^! poor creatures1 he ti$ _! h&s beh9d _! backs1 & drove !m ?ree or f\r hundr$ miles or m1 b>e-head$ & half nak$ ?r\gh ! burn+ s\!rn sun4 ,fe>ful t ev5 s\!rn humanity w\ld revolt at su* an exhibition ( human mis]y & human b>b>ity1 he gave out t !y 7 runaway slaves he 0 c>ry+ home to _! ma/]s4 ,on "o occasion a poor black woman expos$ ?is fallacy1 & told ! /ory ( h] be+ kidnapp$1 & :5 he got h] into a wood out ( he>+1 he beat h]1 to use 8 own expression1 'till h] back 0 :ite4' ,x seems he m>ri$ all ! m5 & wom5 he b\ght1 himself1 because !y w\ld sell bett] = be+ man & wife6 ,b1 said ! y\?1 7 y n afraid1 9 travel+ ?r\gh ! wild c\ntry & sleep+ 9 lone h\ses1 ^! slaves w\ld rise & kill y8 ',to be sure ,i 01' said ! o!r1 'b ,i always fa/5$ my door1 put a *air on a table be=e x1 s t x might wake me 9 fall+1 & slept ) a load$ pi/ol 9 ea* h&4 ,x 0 a bad life1 & ,i left x (f z soon z ,i c\ld live )\t x2 = _m is ! "t ,i h sep>at$ wives f husb&s1 & husb&s f wives1 & p>5ts f *ildr51 b !n ,i made !m am5ds by m>ry+ !m aga9 z soon z ,i _h a *ance1 t is to say1 ,i made !m call ea* o!r man & wife1 & sleep toge!r1 :i* is q en\gh = negroes4 ,i made "o bad pur*ase ?\gh1' cont9u$ he4 ',i b\ght a "y mulatto girl1 a lively creature1 a great b>ga94 ,%e _h be5 ! favorite ( h] ma/]1 :o _h lately m>ri$4 ,! difficulty 0 to get h] to g1 = ! poor creature lov$ h] ma/]4 ,h[ev]1 ,i swore mo/ bitt]ly ,i 0 only go+ to take to take h] to h] "m's at ---- & %e w5t ) me1 ?\gh %e seem$ to d\bt me v mu*4 ,b :5 %e discov]$1 at la/1 t we 7 out ( ! /ate1 ,i ?\ght %e w\ld g mad1 & 9 fact1 ! next night %e dr[n$ h]self 9 ! riv] close by4 ,i lo/ a good five hundr$ doll>s by ?is fooli% trick4' ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #aba4 ,mr4 ---- ,,spillman1 a native1 & till rec5tly1 a resid5t ( ,virg9ia1 n[ a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,delhi1 ,hamilton co41 ,ohio1 has furni%$ ! two foll[+ facts1 ( :i* he _h p]sonal k4 ,david ,/all>d1 ( ,%5&oah co41 ,virg9ia1 _h a slave1 :o run away2 he 0 tak5 up & lodg$ 9 ,wood/ock jail4 ,/all>d w5t ) ano!r man & took him out ( ! jail--ti$ him to _! horses--& />t$ = home4 ,! day 0 excessively hot1 & !y rode s fa/1 dragg+ ! man by ! rope beh9d !m1 t he became p]fectly exhau/$--fa9t$--dropp$ d[n1 & di$4 ,h5ry ,jones1 ( ,culpepp] co41 ,virg9ia1 own$ a slave1 :o ran away4 ,jones caught him1 ti$ him up1 & = two days1 at int]vals1 cont9u$ to flog him1 & rub salt into 8 mangl$ fle%1 until 8 back 0 lit]ally cut up4 ,! slave sunk "u ! torture2 & = "s days x 0 suppos$ he mu/ die4 ,he1 h[ev]1 sl[ly recov]$2 ?\gh x 0 "s weeks be=e he c\ld walk4 ,mr4 ,,na?an ,,cole1 ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri1 9 a lett] to ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,tappan1 ( ,new-,york1 dat$ ,july #b1 #ahcd1 says1-- ,y w f9d inclos$ an acc\nt ( ! proce$+s ( an inque/ lately held 9 ?is city ^u ! body ( a slave1 ! details ( :i*1 if publi%$1 n "o 9 t5 c\ld be induc$ to believe true4#aa ,x appe>s t ! ma/] or mi/ress1 or bo?1 suspect$ ! un=tunate wret* ( hid+ a bun* ( keys :i* 7 miss+2 & to extort "s explanation1 :i*1 x is m ?an probable1 ! slave 0 z unable to d z h] mi/ress1 or any o!r p]son1 h] ma/]1 ,major ,h>ney1 an (fic] ( our army1 _h :ipp$ h] = ?ree successive days1 & x is suppos$ by "s1 t %e 0 kept ti$ dur+ ! "t1 until h] fle% 0 s lac]at$ & torn t x 0 impossible = ! jury to say :e!r x _h be5 done ) a :ip or hot iron2 "s ?9k bo?--b %e 0 tortur$ to dea?4 ,x appe>s also t ! husb& ( ! said slave _h become suspect$ ( tell+ "s neighbor ( :at 0 go+ on1 = :i* ,major ,h>ney comm5c$ tortur+ him1 until ! man broke f him1 & ran into ! ,mississippi & dr[n$ himself4 ,! man 0 a pi\s & v indu/ri\s slave1 p]haps n surpass$ by any 9 ?is place4 ,! woman has be5 9 ! family ( ,john ,%ack=d1 ,esq41 ! pres5t doorkeep] ( ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = _m ye>s2 0 consid]$ an excell5t s]vant--0 ! "m ( a numb] ( *ildr5--& ,i believe 0 sold into ! family :]e %e met h] fate1 z matt] ( consci5ce1 to keep h] f be+ s5t bel[4 ,footnote #aa3 ,! foll[+ is ! newspap] notice ref]r$ to3-- ,an inque/ 0 held at ! dwell+ h\se ( ,major ,h>ney1 9 ?is city1 on ! #bg? in/4 by ! coron]1 on ! body ( ,hannah1 a slave4 ,! jury1 on _! oa?s1 & aft] he>+ ! te/imony ( physicians & sev]al o!r witnesses1 f\nd1 t said slave came to h] dea? by w\nds inflict$ by ,william ,s4 ,h>ney4 ,,mr4 ,,ezekiel ,,birdseye1 a highly respect$ citiz5 ( ,cornwall1 ,lit*field co41 ,connecticut1 :o resid$ = _m ye>s at ! s\?1 furni%$ to ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,r4 ,tyl]1 editor ( ! ,connecticut ,obs]v]1 ! foll[+ p]sonal te/imony4 ,:ile ,i liv$ 9 ,lime/one co41 ,alabama1 9 #ahbf-g1 a tav]n-keep] ( ! village ( ,moresville discov]$ a negro c>ry+ away a piece ( old c>pet4 ,x 0 dur+ ! ,*ri/mas holidays1 :5 ! slaves are all[$ to visit _! fri5ds4 ,! negro /at$ t "o ( ! s]vants ( ! tav]n ow$ him "s twelve & a half or tw5ty-five c5ts1 & t he _h tak5 ! c>pet 9 paym5t4 ,?is ! s]vant d5i$4 ,! innkeep] took ! negro to a field ne> by1 & :ipp$ him cruelly4 ,he !n /ruck him ) a /ake1 & pun*$ him 9 ! face & m\?1 knock+ out "s ( 8 tee?4 ,aft] ?is1 he took him back to ! h\se1 & committ$ him to ! c>e ( 8 son1 :o _h j !n come home ) ano!r "y man4 ,?is 0 at ev5+4 ,!y :ipp$ him by turns1 ) heavy c[sk9s1 & made ! dogs %ake him4 ,a ,mr4 ,phillips1 :o lodg$ at ! h\se1 he>d ! cruelty dur+ ! night4 ,on gett+ up he f\nd ! negro 9 ! b>-room1 t]ribly mangl$ ) ! :ip1 & 8 fle% s torn by ! dogs1 t ! cords 7 b>e4 ,he rem>k$ to ! l&lord t he 0 dang]\sly hurt1 & ne$$ c>e4 ,! l&lord repli$ t he des]v$ none4 ,mr4 ,phillips w5t to a neighbor+ magi/rate1 :o took ! slave home ) him1 :]e he soon di$4 ,! fa!r & son 7 bo? tri$1 & acquitt$66 ,a suit 0 br\ght1 h[ev]1 = damages 9 behalf ( ! own] ( ! slave1 a "y lady by ! "n ( ,agnes ,jones4 ,i 0 on ! jury :5 ^! facts 7 /at$ on oa?4 ,two m5 te/ifi$1 "o t he w\ld h giv5 #ajjj = him1 ! o!r #ijj or #iej4 ,! jury f\nd ! latt] sum4 ,at ,union ,c\rt ,h\se1 ,s4,c41 a tav]n-keep]1 by ! "n ( ,samuel ,davis1 procur$ ! conviction & execution ( 8 own slave1 = /eal+ a cake ( g+]bread f a grog %op4 ,! slave rais$ ! lat* ( ! back door1 & took ! cake1 do+ no o!r injury4 ,! %op keep]1 ^: "n 0 ,*>les ,gordon1 0 will+ to =give him1 b 8 ma/] procur$ 8 conviction & execution by hang+4 ,! slave _h b "o arm2 & an ord] on ! /ate treasury by ! c\rt t tri$ him1 :i* also assess$ 8 value1 br\ght him m money ?an he c\ld h obta9$ = ! slave 9 m>ket4 ,mr4 ----1 an eld] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 "o ( ! slave /ates1 lately wrote a lett] to an ag5t ( ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 9 :i* he /ates ! foll[+ fact4 ,! "n ( ! writ] is ) ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,i 0 pass+ ?r\gh a piece ( timb]$ l&1 & on a sudd5 ,i he>d a s\nd z ( murd]2 ,i rode 9 t direction1 & at "s di/ance discov]$ a nak$ black man1 hung to ! limb ( a tree by 8 h&s1 8 feet *a9$ toge!r1 & a p9e rail laid ) "o end on ! *a9 betwe5 8 legs1 & ! o!r ^u ! gr\nd1 to /eady him2 & 9 ?is condition ! ov]se] gave him f\r hundr$ la%es4 ,! mis]ably lac]at$ slave 0 !n tak5 d[n1 & put to ! c>e ( a physician4 ,& :at d y suppose 0 ! (f5ce = :i* all ?is 0 done8 ,simply ?is2 8 own]1 obs]v+ t he laid (f corn r[s too crook$1 he repli$1 ',massa1 mu* corn gr[ on crook$ r[ z on /raight "o6' ,?is 0 x--?is 0 en\gh4 ,8 ov]se]1 boa/+ ( 8 skill 9 manag+ a nigg]1 he 0 submitt$ to him1 & treat$ z above4 ,,david ,l4 ,,*ild1 ,esq41 ( ,nor?ampton1 ,massa*usetts1 ,secret>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates' m9i/] at ! ,c\rt ( ,lisbon dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,monroe1 /at$ ! foll[+ fact 9 an oration deliv]$ by him 9 ,bo/on1 9 #ahca4 7,see ,*ild's ,despotism ( ,fre$om1 p4 #cj4 ,an honorable fri5d1 :o /&s high 9 ! /ate & 9 ! nation1 #ab 0 pres5t at ! burial ( a female slave 9 ,mississippi1 :o _h be5 :ipp$ to dea? at ! /ake by h] ma/]1 because %e 0 gone long] ( an err& to ! neighbor+ t[n ?an h] ma/] ?\ght necess>y4 ,"u ! la% %e prote/$ tlat %e 0 ill1 & 0 oblig$ to re/ 9 ! fields4 ,to complete ! climax ( horror1 %e 0 deliv]$ ( a dead infant :ile und]go+ ! puni%m5t4 ,footnote #ab3 ,! n>rator ( ?is fact is n[ abs5t f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,i d n feel at lib]ty to m5tion 8 "n4 ,! same fact is /at$ by ,,mrs4 ,,*ild 9 h] ,appeal4 ,9 answ] to a rec5t lett]1 inquir+ ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,*ild if !y 7 n[ at lib]ty to disclose ! "n ( _! in=mant1 ,mr4 ,c4 says1-- ,! witness :o /at$ to u ! fact 0 ,john ,james ,appleton1 ,esq41 ( ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,he is n[ 9 ,europe1 & x is n )\t "s hesitation t ,i give 8 "n4 ,he1 h[ev]1 has op5ly embrac$ our cause1 & tak5 a conspicu\s "p 9 "s anti-slav]y public meet+s s9ce ! "t t ,i felt a scruple at publi%+ 8 "n4 ,mr4 ,appleton is a g5tleman ( high tal5ts & accompli%m5ts4 ,he has be5 ,secret>y ( ,legation at ,rio ,janeiro1 ,madrid1 & ! ,hague2 ,commission] at ,naples1 & ,*>ge d',affaires at ,/ockholm4 ,! two foll[+ facts are /at$ ^u ! au?ority ( ! ,,rev4 ,,joseph ,g4 ,,wilson1 pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,salem1 ,wa%+ton co41 ,indiana4 ,9 ,ba? co41 ,k5tucky1 ,mr4 ,l41 9 ! ye> '#cb or '#cc1 :ile intoxicat$1 9 a fit ( rage :ipp$ a female slave until %e fa9t$ & fell on ! floor4 ,!n he :ipp$ h] to get up2 !n ) r$ hot tongs he burn$ (f h] e>s1 & :ipp$ h] aga96 b all 9 va94 ,he !n ord]$ 8 negro m5 to c>ry h] to ! cab94 ,!re %e 0 f\nd dead next morn+4 ,"o ,wall1 9 ,*e/] di/rict1 ,s4,c41 own$ a slave1 :om he hir$ to 8 bro!r-9-law1 ,wm4 ,beckman1 = :om ! slave work$ eighte5 mon?s1 & work$ well4 ,two weeks aft] return+ to 8 ma/] he ran away on acc\nt ( bad treatm5t4 ,to induce him to return1 ! ma/] sold him nom9ally to 8 neighbor1 to :om ! slave gave himself up1 & by :om he 0 return$ to 8 ma/]3--,puni%m5t1 /ripes4 ,to prev5t escape a b> ( iron 0 fa/5$ ) ?ree b&s1 at ! wai/1 knee1 & ankle4 ,t night he broke ! b&s & b>1 & escap$4 ,next day he 0 tak5 & :ipp$ to dea?1 by ?ree m51 ! ma/]1 ,?orn1 & ! ov]se]4 ,fir/1 he 0 :ipp$ & driv5 t[>ds home2 on ! way he attempt$ to escape1 & 0 %ot at by ! ma/]1--caught1 & knock$ d[n ) ! butt ( ! gun by ,?orn4 ,9 attempt+ to cross a dit* he fell1 ) 8 feet d[n1 & face on ! bank2 !y :ipp$ 9 va9 to get him up--he di$4 ,8 s\l asc5d$ to ,god1 to be a swift witness aga9/ 8 oppressors4 ,?is took place at #ab o'clock4 ,next ev5+ an inque/ 0 held4 ,( ?irte5 jurors1 summon$ by ! coron]1 n9e said x 0 murd]2 two said x 0 manslaught]1 & two said x 0 ,,ju/ifiable6 ,he 0 b\nd ov] to c\rt1 tri$1 & acquitt$--n ev5 f9$6 ,! foll[+ fact is /at$ on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,,wm4 ,,willis1 ( ,gre5 ,pla9s1 ,cl>k co4 ,ohio2 =m]ly ( ,c>ol9e co4 on ! ea/]n %ore ( ,m>yl&4 ,mr4 ,w4 knew a slave call$ ,pet] ,:ite1 :o 0 sold to be tak5 to ,georgia2 he escap$1 & liv$ a long "t 9 ! woods--0 f9ally tak54 ,:5 he f\nd himself surr\nd$1 he surr5d]$ himself quietly4 ,:5 8 pursu]s _h him 9 _! possession1 !y %ot him 9 ! leg1 & broke x1 out ( m]e wantonness4 ,! next day a ,me?odi/ m9i/] set 8 leg1 & b\nd x up ) spl9ts4 ,! man :o took him1 !n w5t into 8 place ( conf9em5t1 wantonly jump$ ^u 8 leg & cru%$ x4 ,8 "n 0 ,william ,sp>ks4 ,mo/ ( our read]s are famili> ) ! horrible atrocities p]petrat$ 9 ,new ,orleans1 9 #ahcd1 by a c]ta9 ,madame ,la ,laurie1 ^u h] slaves4 ,!y 7 publi%$ ext5sively 9 nor!rn newspap]s at ! "t4 ,! foll[+ are extracts f ! acc\nts z publi%$ 9 ! ,new ,orleans pap]s imm$iately aft] ! occurr5ce4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,bee says3-- ,^u ent]+ "o ( ! ap>tm5ts1 ! mo/ appall+ spectacle met _! eyes4 ,sev5 slaves1 m or less horribly mutilat$1 7 se5 susp5d$ by ! neck1 ) _! limbs app>5tly /ret*$ & torn1 f "o extremity to ! o!r4 ,!y _h be5 conf9$ = sev]al mon?s 9 ! situation f :i* !y _h ?us provid5tially be5 rescu$2 & _h be5 m]ely kept 9 exi/5ce to prolong _! suff]+s1 & to make !m ta/e all t a mo/ ref9$ cruelty c\ld inflict4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,m]cantile ,adv]tis] says3 ,a negro woman 0 f\nd *a9$1 cov]$ ) bruises & w\nds f sev]e flogg+4--,all ! ap>tm5ts 7 !n =c$ op54 ,9 a room on ! gr\nd floor1 two m 7 f\nd *a9$1 & 9 a deplorable condition4 ,up /airs & 9 ! g>ret1 f\r m 7 f\nd *a9$2 "s s weak z to be unable to walk1 & all cov]$ ) w\nds & sores4 ,"o mulatto boy decl>es himself to h be5 *a9$ = five mon?s1 be+ f$ daily ) only a h&ful ( meal1 & receiv+ e morn+ ! mo/ cruel treatm5t4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,c\ri] says3-- ,we saw "o ( ^! mis]able be+s4--,he _h a l>ge hole 9 8 head--8 body1 f head to foot1 0 cov]$ ) sc>s & fill$ ) worms4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,m]cantile ,adv]tis] says3 ,sev5 poor un=tunate slaves 7 f\nd--"s *a9$ to ! floor1 o!rs ) *a9s ar\nd _! necks1 fa/5$ to ! ceil+2 & "o poor old man1 upw>ds ( sixty ye>s ( age1 *a9$ h& & foot1 & made fa/ to ! floor1 9 a kneel+ position4 ,8 head bore ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 beat5 until x 0 brok51 & ! worms 7 actually to be se5 mak+ a fea/ ( 8 bra9s66 ,a woman _h h] back lit]ally cook$ 7if ! expression may be us$7 ) ! la%2 ! v bones might be se5 project+ ?r\gh ! sk96 ,! ,new ,york ,sun1 ( ,feb4 #ba1 #ahcg1 conta9s ! foll[+3-- ,two negroes1 runaways f ,virg9ia1 7 ov]tak5 a few days s9ce ne> ,john/[n1 ,cambria co4 ,pa4 :5 ! p]sons 9 pursuit call$ out = !m to /op or !y w\ld %oot !m4--,"o ( ! negroes turn$ ar\nd & said1 he w\ld die be=e he w\ld be tak51 & at ! mom5t receiv$ a rifle ball ?r\gh 8 knee3 ! o!r />t$ to run1 b 0 br\ght to ! gr\nd by a ball be+ %ot 9 8 back4 ,aft] receiv+ ! above w\nds !y made battle ) _! pursu]s1 b 7 captur$ & br\ght into ,john/[n4 ,x is said t ! "y m5 :o %ot !m _h ord]s to take !m dead or alive4 ,mr4 ,m4,m4 ,,%aft]1 ( ,t[ns5d1 ,v]mont1 rec5tly a graduate ( ! ,wesleyan ,univ]sity at ,middlet[n1 ,connecticut1 makes ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,"s ( ! ev5ts ( ! ,s\?ampton1 ,va4 insurrection 7 n>rat$ to me by ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,w4 ,britt1 f ,riddicksville1 ,n4,c4 ,mr4 ,britt claim$ ! honor ( hav+ %ot a black on t occasion1 = ! crime ( disobey+ ,mr4 ,britt's imp]ative ',/op4' ,& ,mr4 ,a%ur/1 ( ,ed5ton1 ,georgia1 told me t a neighbor ( 8 'fir$ at a likely negro boy ( 8 "m1' because ! said boy encroa*$ ^u 8 premises4 ,mr4 ,,david ,,hawley1 a class lead] 9 ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* at ,/4 ,albans1 ,lick+ c\nty1 ,ohio1 :o mov$ f ,k5tucky to ,ohio 9 #ahca1 c]tifies z foll[s3-- ,ab\t ! ye> #ahbe1 a slave _h escap$ = ,canada1 b 0 arre/$ 9 ,h>d9 c\nty4 ,on 8 return1 ,i saw him 9 ,h>t c\nty--8 wri/s ti$ toge!r be=e1 8 arms ti$ close to 8 body1 ! rope !n pass+ beh9d 8 body1 !nce to ! neck ( a horse on :i* rode ! ma/]1 ) a club ab\t ?ree feet long1 & ( ! size ( a hoe h&le2 :i*1 by ! appe>ance ( ! slave1 _h be5 us$ on 8 head1 s z to we> (f ! hair & sk9 9 sev]al places1 & ! blood 0 runn+ freely f 8 m\? & nose2 8 heels v mu* bruis$ by ! horse's feet1 z 8 ma/] _h rode on him because he w\ld n g fa/ en\gh4 ,su* 0 ! slave's appe>ance :5 pass+ ?r\gh :]e ,i resid$4 ,su* cases 7 n unfrequ5t4 ,! foll[+ is furni%$ by ,mr4 ,f4,a4 ,,h>t1 ( ,middlet[n1 ,connecticut1 a manufactur]1 & an influ5tial memb] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,x occurr$ 9 #ahbd1 ab\t tw5ty-five miles ?is side ( ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&4-- ,i _h sp5t ! night ) a ,me?odi/ bro!r2 & :ile at breakfa/1 a p]son came 9 & call$ = help4 ,we w5t out & f\nd a cr[d collect$ ar\nd a c>riage4 ,^u approa*+ we discov]$ t a slave-trad] 0 endeavor+ to =ce a woman into 8 c>riage4 ,he _h already put 9 ?ree *ildr51 ! y\nge/ app>5tly ab\t eight ye>s ( age4 ,! woman 0 /rong1 & :5ev] he br\ght h] to ! side ( ! c>riage1 %e resi/$ s effectually ) h] feet t he c\ld n get h] 94 ,! woman becom+ exhau/$1 at l5g?1 by h] frantic ef=ts1 he ?ru/ h] 9 ) great viol5ce1 /amp$ h] d[n ^u ! bottom ) 8 feet6 %\t$ to ! driv] to g on2 & away !y roll$1 ! mis]able captives moan+ & %riek+1 until _! voices 7 lo/ 9 ! di/ance4 ,mr4 ,,samuel ,,hall1 a tea*] 9 ,m>ietta ,college1 ,ohio1 writes z foll[s3-- ,mr4 ,,isaac ,c4 ,,full] is a memb] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur* 9 ,m>ietta4 ,he 0 a fell[ /ud5t ( m9e :ile 9 college1 & n[ resides 9 ?is place4 ,he says3--,9 #ahcb1 z ,i 0 desc5d+ ! ,ohio ) a flat boat1 ne> ! ',fr5* ,isl&s1' s call$1 bel[ ,c9c9nati1 ,i saw two negroes on horseback4 ,! horses app>5tly took fright at some?+ & ran4 ,bo? jump$ ov] a rail f5ce2 & "o ( ! horses1 9 s do+1 broke "o ( 8 =e-legs1 fall+ at ! same "t & ?r[+ ! negro :o 0 ^u 8 back4 ,a :ite man came out ( a h\se n ov] two hundr$ y>ds di/ant1 & came to ! spot4 ,seiz+ a /ake f ! f5ce1 he knock$ ! negro d[n five or six times 9 succession4 ,9 ! same ye> ,i work$ = a ,mr4 ,n[l&1 elev5 miles above ,baton ,r\ge1 ,la4 at a place call$ ',?omas' ,b5d4' ,he _h an ov]se] :o 0 accu/om$ to flog m or less ( ! slaves e morn+4 ,i he>d ! bl[s & screams z regul>ly z we us$ to he> ! college bell t summon$ u to any duty :5 we w5t to s*ool4 ,?is ov]se] 0 a nephew ( ,n[l&1 & !re 7 ab\t fifty slaves on 8 plantation4 ,n[l& himself relat$ ! foll[+ to me4 ,"o ( 8 slaves ran away1 & came to ! ,homo ,*itto riv]1 :]e he f\nd no means ( cross+4 ,"h he fell 9 ) a :ite man :o knew 8 ma/]1 be+ on a j\rney f t vic9ity4 ,he induc$ ! slave to return to ,baton ,r\ge1 "u ! promise ( giv+ him a pass1 by :i* he might escape1 b1 9 reality1 to betray him to 8 ma/]4 ,?is he did1 in/ead ( fulfill+ 8 promise4 ,n[l& said t he took ! slave & inflict$ five hundr$ la%es ^u him1 cutt+ 8 back all to pieces1 & !n !w on hot emb]s4 ,! slave 0 on ! plantation at ! "t1 & told me ! same /ory4 ,he also roll$ up 8 sleeves1 & %[$ me ! sc>s on 8 arms1 :i*1 9 consequ5ce1 appe>$ 9 places to be call\s to ! bone4 ,i 0 ) ,n[l& betwe5 five & six mon?s4 ,rev4 ,,john ,,rank91 =m]ly ( ,t5nessee1 n[ pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ,ripley1 ,ohio1 has furni%$ ! foll[+ /atem5t3-- ,! ,rev4 ,,ludwell ,g4 ,,ga9es1 n[ pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ,go%51 ,cl]mont c\nty1 ,ohio1 /at$ to me1 t :ile a resid5t ( a slave /ate1 he 0 summon$ to assi/ 9 tak+ a man :o _h made 8 black woman "w nak$ sev]al days1 & aft]w>ds murd]$ h]4 ,! murd]] arm$ himself1 & ?reat5$ to %oot ! (fic] :o w5t to take him2 & al?\gh !re 0 ample assi/ance at h&1 ! (fic] decl9$ fur!r int]f]5ce4 ,mr4 ,,rank9 adds ! foll[+3-- ,a ,presbyt]ian prea*]1 n[ resid5t 9 a slave /ate1 & !re=e x is n exp$i5t to give 8 "n1 /at$1 t he saw on bo>d ( a /eamboat at ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky1 a woman :o _h be5 =c$ on bo>d1 to be c>ri$ (f f all %e c\nt$ de> on e>?4 ,%e ran across ! boat & ?rew h]self into ! riv]1 9 ord] to end a life ( intol]able sorr[s4 ,%e 0 drawn back to ! boat & tak5 up4 ,! brutal driv] beat h] sev]ely1 & %e imm$iately ?rew h]self aga9 into ! riv]4 ,%e 0 hook$ up aga91 *a9$1 & c>ri$ (f4 ,te/imony ( ,m4 ,,william ,,hansbor\gh1 ( ,culpepp] c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 ! own] ( sixty slaves4 ,i saw a slave tak5 out ( prison by 8 ma/]1 on a hot summ]'s day1 & driv51 by said ma/]1 on ! road be=e him1 till he dropp$ d[n dead4 ,! above /atem5t 0 made by ,mr4 ,hansbor\gh to ,l9dley ,coates1 ( ,lanca/] c\nty1 ,pa4 a di/+ui%$ memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 & a memb] ( ! late ,conv5tion 9 ,pa4 = alt]+ ! ,/ate ,con/itution4 ,! lett] f ,mr4 ,c4 conta9+ ?is te/imony ( ,mr4 ,h4 is n[ be=e u4 ,mr4 ,,tobias ,,b\d9ot1 a memb] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* 9 ,/4 ,albans1 ,lick+ c\nty1 ,ohio1 says3 ,9 ,ni*olasville1 ,ky4 9 ! ye> #ahbc1 he saw a slave flee+ be=e ! patrol1 b he 0 ov]tak5 ne> :]e he /ood1 & a man ) a knott$ cane1 z l>ge z 8 wri/1 /ruck ! slave a numb] ( times on 8 head1 until ! club 0 brok5 & he made tame2 ! blood 0 ?r[n 9 e direction by ! viol5ce ( ! bl[s4 ,! ,rev4 ,,william ,,dickey1 ( ,bloom+burg1 ,fayette c\nty1 ,ohio1 wrote a lett] to ! ,rev4 ,john ,rank91 ( ,ripley1 ,ohio ?irte5 ye>s s9ce1 conta9+ a description ( ! cutt+ up ( a slave ) a broad axe2 beg9n+ at ! feet & gradually cutt+ ! legs1 arms1 & body into pieces6 ,?is diabolical atrocity 0 committ$ 9 ! /ate ( ,k5tucky1 9 ! ye> #ahjg4 ,! p]petrators ( ! de$ 7 two bro!rs1 ,lilburn & ,i%am ,lewis1 ,,nephews ,,( ,,presid5t ,,jeff]son4 ,! writ] ( ?is hav+ be5 in=m$ by ,mr4 ,dickey1 t "s ( ! facts connect$ ) ?is murd] 7 n conta9$ 9 8 lett] publi%$ by ,mr4 ,rank91 reque/$ him to write ! acc\nt anew1 & furni% ! additional facts4 ,?is he did1 & ! lett] conta9+ x 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,human ,rights = ,augu/1 #ahcg4 ,we ins]t x "h1 slightly abridg$1 ) ! introductory rem>ks :i* appe>$ 9 t pap]4 ,mr4 ,dickey's fir/ lett] has be5 scatt]$ all ov] ! c\ntry1 s\? & nor?2 & ?\gh multitudes h affect$ to disbelieve its /atem5ts1 ,k5tuckians "k ! tru? ( !m q too well to call !m 9 "q4 ,! /ory is fiction or fact--if fiction1 :y has x n be5 nail$ to ! wall8 ,hundr$s ( p ar\nd ! m\? ( ,cumb]l& ,riv] are p]sonally kn[+ to ^! facts4 ,!re are ! records ( ! c\rt t tri$ ! wret*es4--,!re _! acqua9tances & k9dr$ /ill live4 ,all ov] t region ( c\ntry1 ! brutal but*]y ( ,george is a matt] ( public notoriety4 ,x is q ne$less1 p]haps1 to add1 t ! ,rev4 ,wm4 ,dickey is a ,presbyt]ian cl]gyman1 "o ( ! olde/ memb]s ( ! ,*ilico! ,presbyt]y1 & greatly respect$ & belov$ by ! *ur*es 9 ,s\!rn ,ohio4 ,he 0 born 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & 0 = _m ye>s pa/or ( a *ur* 9 ,k5tucky4 ,,rev4 ,,wm4 ,,dickey',s ,,lett]4 ,9 ! c\nty ( ,liv+/on1 ,,ky4 ne> ! m\? ( ,cumb]l& ,riv]1 liv$ ,lilburn ,lewis1 a si/]'s son ( ! celebrat$ ,jeff]son4 ,he 0 ! weal?y own] ( a consid]able gang ( negroes1 :om he drove con/antly1 f$ sp>+ly1 & la%$ sev]ely4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t !y w\ld run away4 ,among ! re/ 0 an ill-?riv$ boy ( ab\t sev5te51 :o1 hav+ j return$ f a skulk+ spell1 0 s5t to ! spr+ = wat]1 & 9 return+ let fall an elegant pit*]3 x 0 da%$ to %iv]s ^u ! rocks4 ,?is 0 made ! occasion = reckon+ ) him4 ,x 0 night1 & ! slaves 7 all at home4 ,! ma/] _h !m all collect$ 9 ! mo/ roomy negro h\se1 & a r\s+ fire put on4 ,:5 ! door 0 secur$1 t none might escape1 ei!r ?r\gh fe> ( him or sympa?y ) ,george1 he op5$ to !m ! design ( ! int]view1 namely1 t !y might be effectually advis$ to /ay at home & obey 8 ord]s4 ,all ?+s n[ 9 tra91 he call$ up ,george1 :o approa*$ 8 ma/] ) unres]v$ submission4 ,he b\nd him ) cords2 & by ! assi/ance ( ,i%am ,lewis1 8 y\nge/ bro!r1 laid him on a broad b5*1 ! meat-block4 ,he !n proce$$ to hack (f ,george at ! ankles6 ,x 0 ) ! broad axe6 ,9 va9 did ! unhappy victim scream & ro>6 = he 0 completely 9 8 ma/]'s p[]2 n a h& among s _m dur/ int]f]e2 ca/+ ! feet into ! fire1 he lectur$ !m at "s l5g?4--,he next *opp$ him (f bel[ ! knees6 ,george ro>+ out & pray+ 8 ma/] to beg9 at ! o!r end6 ,he admoni%$ !m aga91 ?r[+ ! legs into ! fire--!n1 above ! knees1 toss+ ! jo9ts into ! fire--! next /roke sev]$ ! ?ighs f ! body2 ^! 7 also committ$ to ! flames--& s x may be said ( ! arms1 head1 & trunk1 until all 0 9 ! fire6 ,he ?reat5$ any ( !m ) simil> puni%m5t :o %\ld 9 future disobey1 run away1 or disclose ! proce$+s ( t ev5+4 ,no?+ n[ rema9$ b to consume ! fle% & bones2 & = ?is purpose ! fire 0 brightly /irr$ until two h\rs aft] midnight2 :5 a co>se & heavy back-wall1 compos$ ( rock & clay1 cov]$ ! fire & ! rema9s ( ,george4 ,x 0 ! ,sabba?--?is put an end to ! amusem5ts ( ! ev5+4 ,! negroes 7 n[ p]mitt$ to disp]se1 ) *>ges to keep ?is matt] among !mselves1 & nev] to :isp] x 9 ! neighb\rhood1 "u ! p5alty ( a l puni%m5t4 ,:5 he return$ home & retir$1 8 wife exclaim$1 ',:y1 ,mr4 ,lewis1 :]e h y be51 & :at 7 y do+8' ,%e _h he>d a /range p\nd+ & dreadful screams1 & _h smell$ some?+ l fre% meat burn+4 ,! answ] he return$ 01 t he _h nev] enjoy$ himself at a ball s well z he _h enjoy$ himself t night4 ,next morn+ he ord]$ ! h&s to rebuild ! back-wall1 & he himself sup]9t5d$ ! "w1 ?r[+ ! pieces ( fle% t /ill rema9$1 ) ! bones1 beh9d1 z x w5t up--?us hop+ to conceal ! matt]4 ,b x c\ld n be hid--mu* z ! negroes seem$ to haz>d1 !y did :isp] ! horrid de$4 ,! neighbors came1 & 9 8 pres5ce tore d[n ! wall2 & f9d+ ! rema9s ( ! boy1 !y appreh5d$ ,lewis & 8 bro!r1 & te/ifi$ aga9/ !m4 ,!y 7 committ$ to jail1 t !y might answ] at ! com+ c\rt = ?is %ock+ outrage2 b f9d+ security = _! appe>ance at c\rt1 ,,!y ,,7 ,,admitt$ ,,to ,,bail6 ,9 ! int]im1 o!r articles ( evid5ce leak$ out4 ,t ( ,mrs4 ,lewis he>+ a p\nd+1 & scream+ & h] smell+ fre% meat burn+1 = n till n[ _h ?is come out4 ,he 0 (f5d$ ) h] = disclos+ ^! ?+s1 alleg+ t !y might h "s weight aga9/ him at ! p5d+ trial4 ,9 connection ) ?is is ano!r item1 full ( horror4 ,mr4s4 ,lewis1 or h] girl1 9 mak+ h] b$ "o morn+ aft] ?is1 f\nd1 "u h] bol/]1 a ke5 ,,but*] ,,knife6 ,! appall+ discov]y =c$ f h] ! confession t %e consid]$ h] life 9 jeop>dy4 ,messrs4 ,rice & ,philips1 ^: wives 7 h] si/]s1 w5t to see h] & to br+ h] away if %e wi%$ x4 ,mr4 ,lewis receiv$ !m ) all ! expressions ( ,virg9ia hospitality4 ,z soon z !y 7 seat$ !y said1 ',well1 ,letitia1 we suppos$ t y might be unhappy "h1 & afraid = y\r life2 & we h come to-day to take y to y\r fa!r's1 if y desire x4' ,%e said1 ',?ank y1 k9d bro!rs1 ,i am inde$ afraid = my life4'--,we ne$ n int]rupt ! /ory to tell h[ mu* surpris$ he affect$ to be ) ?is /range proc$ure ( 8 bro!rs-9-law1 & ) ?is decl>ation ( 8 wife4 ,b all 8 pr(essions ( fondness = h]1 to ! contr>y not)/&+1 !y rode (f ) h] be=e 8 eyes4--,he foll[$ & ov]took1 & w5t ) !m to h] fa!r's2 b %e 0 lock$ up f him1 ) h] own cons5t1 & he return$ home4 ,n[ he saw t 8 "* 0 gone1 8 respectable fri5ds believ$ t he _h massacr$ ,george2 b1 wor/ ( all1 he saw t !y consid]$ ! life ( ! h>mless ,letitia 0 9 dang] f 8 p]fidi\s h&s4 ,x 0 too mu* = 8 *ivalry to su/a94 ,! pr\d ,virg9ian sunk "u ! accumulat$ load ( public odium4 ,he propos$ to 8 bro!r ,i%am1 :o _h be5 8 accomplice 9 ! ,george affair1 t !y %\ld f9i% ! play ( life ) a /ill deep] trag$y4 ,! plan 01 t !y %\ld %oot "o ano!r4 ,hav+ made ! hot-bra9$ b>ga91 !y repair$ ) _! guns to ! grave-y>d1 :i* 0 on an em95ce 9 ! mid/ ( 8 plantation4 ,x 0 inclos$ ) a rail+1 say ?irty feet squ>e4 ,"o 0 to /& at "o rail+1 & ! o!r ov] aga9/ him at ! o!r4 ,!y 7 to make ready1 take aim1 & c\nt delib]ately #a1 #b1 #c1 & !n fire4 ,lilburn's w 0 writt51 & ?r[n d[n op5 beside him4 ,!y cock$ _! guns & rais$ !m to _! faces2 b ! p]adv5ture occurr+ t "o ( ! guns might miss fire1 ,i%am 0 s5t = a rod1 & :5 x 0 br\ght1 ,lilburn cut x (f at ab\t ! l5g? ( two feet1 & 0 %[+ 8 bro!r h[ ! survivor might d1 provid$ "o ( ! guns %\ld fail2 7= !y 7 det]m9$ ^u go+ toge!r27 b =gett+1 p]haps1 9 ! p]turbation ( ! mom5t t ! gun 0 cock$1 :5 he t\*$ trigg] ) ! rod ! gun fir$1 & he fell1 & di$ 9 a few m9utes--& 0 ) ,george 9 ! et]nal _w1 :]e ! slave is free f 8 ma/]4 ,b poor ,i%am 0 s t]rifi$ ) ?is unexpect$ occurr5ce & s conf\nd$ by ! awful contortions ( 8 bro!r's face1 t he _h n n]ve en\gh to foll[ up ! play1 & f9i% ! plan z 0 int5d$1 b suff]$ ,lilburn to g alone4 ,! negroes came runn+ to see :at x meant t a gun %\ld be fir$ 9 ! grave-y>d4 ,!re lay _! ma/]1 dead6 ,!y ran = ! neighbors4 ,i%am /ill rema9$ on ! spot4 ,! neighbors at ! fir/ *>g$ him ) ! murd] ( 8 bro!r4 ,b he1 ?\gh z if he _h lo/ m ?an half 8 m9d1 told ! :ole /ory2 & ! c\rse ( range ( ! ball 9 ! dead man's body agree+ ) 8 /atem5t1 ,i%am 0 n f>!r *>g$ ) ,lilburn's dea?4 ,! ,c\rt sat--,i%am 0 judg$ to be guilty ( a capital crime 9 ! affair ( ,george4 ,he 0 to be hang$ at ,salem4 ,! day 0 set4 ,my good old fa!r visit$ him 9 ! prison--two or ?ree times talk$ & pray$ ) him2 ,i visit$ him once myself4 ,we fondly hop$ t he 0 a s9c]e p5it5t4 ,be=e ! day ( execution came1 by "s means1 ,i nev] knew :at1 ,i%am 0 miss+4 ,ab\t two ye>s aft]1 we le>n$ t he _h gone d[n to ,nat*ez1 & _h m>ri$ a lady ( "s ref9em5t & piety4 ,i saw h] lett]s to 8 si/]s1 :o 7 wor?y memb]s ( ! *ur* ( :i* ,i 0 pa/or4 ,! la/ lett] told ( 8 dea?4 ,he 0 9 ,jackson's army1 & fell 9 ! fam\s battle ( ,new ,orleans4 ,i am1 sir1 y\r fri5d1 ,,wm4 ,,dickey4 ,,p]sonal ,,n>ratives-,,"p ,,iii4 ,,n>rative ,,& ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,francis ,,hawley4 ,mr4 ,hawley is ! pa/or ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* 9 ,colebrook1 ,lit*field c\nty1 ,connecticut4 ,he has resid$ f\rte5 ye>s 9 ! slave /ates1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,8 "* & /&+ ) 8 own d5om9ation at ! s\?1 may be inf]r$ f ! fact1 t ! ,bapti/ ,/ate ,conv5tion ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a appo9t$ him1 a few ye>s s9ce1 _! g5]al ag5t to visit ! ,bapti/ *ur*es )9 _! b\nds1 & to secure _! co-op]ation 9 ! objects ( ! ,conv5tion4 ,mr4 ,h4 accept$ ! appo9tm5t1 & = "s "t travel$ 9 t capacity4 ,i rejoice t ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society h resolv$ to publi% a volume ( facts & te/imony relative to ! "* & work+s ( ,am]ican slav]y4 ,hav+ resid$ f\rte5 ye>s at ! s\?1 ,i *e]fully comply ) y\r reque/1 to give ! result ( my obs]vation & exp]i5ce4 ,& ,i w\ld "h rem>k1 t "o may reside at ! s\? = ye>s1 & n witness extreme cruelties2 a nor!rn man1 & "o :o is n a slavehold]1 w\ld be ! la/ to h an opportunity ( witness+ ! infliction ( cruel puni%m5ts4 ,,plantations4 ,a majority ( ! l>ge plantations are on ! banks ( riv]s1 f> f ! public eye4 ,a great deal ( l[ m>%y gr\nd lies 9 ! vic9ity ( mo/ ( ! riv]s at ! s\?2 consequ5tly ! ma9 roads are sev]al miles f ! riv]s1 & g5]ally no public road passes ! plantations4 ,a /rang] travel+ on ! ridge1 w\ld ?9k himself 9 a mis]ably poor c\ntry2 b e two or ?ree miles he w see a road turn+ (f & lead+ into ! swamp2 tak+ "o ( ^? roads1 & travel+ f two to six miles1 he w come to a l>ge gate2 pass+ :i*1 he w f9d himself 9 a cle>+ ( sev]al hundr$ acres ( ! fir/ quality ( l&2 pass+ on1 he w see #cj1 or #dj1 or m slaves--m51 wom51 boys & girls1 at _! task1 e "o ) a hoe2 or1 if 9 cotton pick+ season1 ) _! baskets4 ,! ov]se]1 ) 8 :ip1 ei!r rid+ or /&+ ab\t among !m2 or if ! wea!r is hot1 sitt+ "u a %ade4 ,at a di/ance1 on a little ris+ gr\nd1 if su* !re be1 he w see a clu/] ( huts1 ) a tol]able h\se 9 ! mid/1 = ! ov]se]4 ,^? huts are f t5 to fifte5 feet squ>e1 built ( logs1 & cov]$1 n ) %+les1 b ) bo>ds1 ab\t f\r feet long1 split out ( p9e timb] ) a 'fr['4 ,! floors are v commonly made 9 ?is way4 ,clay is fir/ work$ until x is s(t2 x is !n spread ^u ! gr\nd1 ab\t f\r or five in*es ?ick2 :5 x dries1 x becomes ne>ly z h>d z a brick4 ,! crevices betwe5 ! logs are sometimes fill$ ) ! same4 ,^! huts g5]ally co/ ! ma/] no?+--!y are commonly built by ! negroes at night1 & on ,sundays4 ,:5 a slave ( a neighbor+ plantation takes a wife1 or to use ! phrase common at ! s\?1 'takes up' ) "o ( ! wom51 he builds a hut1 & x is call$ h] h\se4 ,^u ent]+ ^! huts1 7n z com=table 9 _m in/ances z ! horse /able17 g5]ally1 y w f9d no *airs1 b b5*es & /ools2 no table1 no b$/ead1 & no b$1 except a blanket or two1 & a few rags or moss2 9 "s in/ances a knife or two1 b v r>ely a =k4 ,y may also f9d a pot or skillet1 & g5]ally a numb] ( g\rds1 :i* s]ve !m in/ead ( b[ls & plates4 ,! cruelties practic$ on ^? seclud$ plantations1 ! judgm5t day alone c reveal4 ,oh1 ,bro!r1 c\ld ,i summon t5 slaves f t5 plantations t ,i c\ld "n1 & h !m give b "o ye>'s hi/ory ( _! bondage1 x w\ld ?rill ! l& ) horror4 ,^? ov]se]s :o foll[ ! bus9ess ( ov]see+ = a livelihood1 are g5]ally ! mo/ unpr9cipl$ & ab&on$ ( m54 ,_! wages are regulat$ accord+ to _! skill 9 extort+ labor4 ,! "o :o c make ! mo/ bags ( cotton1 ) a giv5 numb] ( h&s1 is ! "o g5]ally s\ght aft]2 & !re is a competition among !m to see :o %all make ! l>ge/ crop1 accord+ to ! h&s he works4 ,i ask1 :at mu/ be ! condition ( ! poor slaves1 "u ! unlimit$ p[] ( su* m51 9 :om1 by ! long-cont9u$ practise ( ! mo/ he>t-r5d+ cruelties1 e feel+ ( humanity has be5 oblit]at$8 ,b x may be ask$1 _c ! slaves h r$ress by appeal+ to _! ma/]s8 ,9 _m in/ances x is impossible1 z _! ma/]s live hundr$s ( miles (f4 ,!re are p]haps ?\s&s 9 ! nor!rn slave /ates1 & _m 9 ! free /ates1 :o own plantations 9 ! s\!rn slave /ates1 & _m m sp5d _! summ]s at ! nor?1 or at ! v>i\s wat]+ places4 ,b :at w\ld ! slaves ga91 if !y %\ld appeal to ! ma/]8 ,he has plac$ ! ov]se] ov] !m1 ) ! und]/&+ t he w make z l>ge a crop z possible1 & t he is to h entire control1 & manage !m accord+ to 8 own judgm5t4 ,n[ suppose t 9 ! mid/ ( ! season1 ! slaves make compla9t ( cruel treatm5t4 ,! ma/] _c get along )\t an ov]se]--x is p]haps v sickly on ! plantation he d>e n risk 8 own life !re4 ,ov]se]s are all enrag$ at t season1 & if he takes "p ) 8 slave aga9/ ! ov]se]1 he w\ld de/roy 8 au?ority1 & v likely provoke him to leave 8 s]vice--:i* w\ld ( c\rse be a v great injury to him4 ,?us1 9 n9ete5 cases out ( tw5ty1 self-int]e/ w\ld prev5t ! ma/] f pay+ any att5tion to ! compla9ts ( 8 slaves4 ,&1 if any %\ld compla91 x w\ld ( c\rse come to ! e>s ( ! ov]se]1 & ! compla9ant w\ld be inhumanly puni%$ = x4 ,,clo?+4 ,! rule1 :]e slaves are hir$ out1 is two suits ( clo!s p] ye>1 "o pair ( %oes1 & "o blanket2 b z x relates to ! great body ( ! slaves1 ?is _c be call$ a g5]al rule4 ,on _m plantations1 ! *ildr5 "u t5 or twelve ye>s old1 g entirely nak$--or1 x clo!d at all1 !y h no?+ m ?an a %irt4 ,! clo? is ( ! co>se/ k9d1 f> f be+ durable or w>m2 & _! %oes frequ5tly come to pieces 9 a few weeks4 ,i h nev] kn[n any provision made1 or "t all[$ = ! wa%+ ( clo!s4 ,if !y wi% to wa%1 z !y h g5]ally b "o suit1 !y g aft] _! day's toil to "s /ream1 build a fire1 pull (f _! clo!s & wa% !m 9 ! /ream1 & dry !m by ! fire2 & 9 "s in/ances !y we> _! clo!s until !y are worn (f2 )\t wa%+4 ,i h nev] kn[n an in/ance ( a slavehold] putt+ himself to any exp5se1 t 8 slaves might h dec5t clo!s = ! ,sabba?4 ,if by mak+ baskets1 brooms1 mats1 c4 at night or on ,sundays1 ! slaves c get money en\gh to buy a ,sunday suit1 v well4 ,i h nev] kn[n an in/ance ( a slavehold] furni%+ 8 slaves ) /ock+s or mitt5s4 ,i "k t ! slaves suff] mu*1 & no d\bt _m die 9 consequ5ce ( n be+ well clo!d4 ,,food4 ,9 ! gra9-gr[+ "p ( ! s\?1 ! slaves1 z x relates to food1 f>e tol]ably well2 b 9 ! cotton1 & rice-gr[+1 & sug>-mak+ portion1 "s ( !m f>e badly4 ,i h be5 on plantations :]e1 f ! appe>ance ( ! slaves1 ,i %\ld judge !y 7 half-/>v$4 ,!y receive _! all[ance v commonly on ,sunday morn+4 ,!y are left to cook x z !y please1 & :5 !y please4 ,_m slavehold]s r>ely give _! slaves meat1 & v few give !m m food ?an w keep !m 9 a work+ condition4 ,!y r>ely ev] h a *ange ( food4 ,i h nev] kn[n an in/ance ( slaves on plantations be+ furni%$ ei!r ) sug>1 butt]1 *eese1 or milk4 ,,"w4 ,if ! slaves on plantations 7 well f$ & clo!d1 & _h ! /imulus ( wages1 !y c\ld p]haps 9 g5]al p]=m _! tasks )\t injury4 ,! horn is bl[n soon aft] ! dawn ( day1 :5 all ! h&s de/9$ = ! field mu/ be 'on ! m>*6' ,if ! field is f> f _! huts1 !y take _! breakfa/ ) !m4 ,!y toil till ab\t t5 o'clock1 :5 !y eat x4 ,!y !n cont9ue _! toil till ! sun is set4 ,a neighbor ( m9e1 :o has be5 an ov]se] 9 ,alabama1 in=ms me1 t !re !y asc]ta9 h[ mu* labor a slave c p]=m 9 a day1 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,:5 !y comm5ce a new cotton field1 ! ov]se] takes 8 wat*1 & m>ks h[ long x takes !m to hoe "o r[1 & !n lays out ! task accord+ly4 ,my neighbor also in=ms me1 t ! slaves 9 ,alabama are work$ v h>d2 t ! la% is almo/ univ]sally appli$ at ! close ( ! day1 if !y fail to p]=m _! task 9 ! cotton-pick+ season4 ,y w see !m1 ) _! baskets ( cotton1 sl[ly b5d+ _! way to ! cotton h\se1 :]e ea* "o's basket is weigh$4 ,!y h no means ( kn[+ accurately1 9 ! c\rse ( ! day1 h[ !y make progress2 s t !y are 9 susp5se1 until _! basket is weigh$4 ,"h comes ! "m1 ) h] *ildr52 %e does n "k :e!r h]self1 or *ildr51 or all ( !m1 mu/ take ! la%2 !y _c weigh ! cotton !mselves--! :ole mu/ be tru/$ to ! ov]se]4 ,:ile ! weigh+ goes on1 all is /ill4 ,s _m p\nds %ort1 cries ! ov]se]1 & takes up 8 :ip1 exclaim+1 ',/ep ?is way1 y d--n lazy sc\ndrel1 or bit*4' ,! poor slave begs1 & promises1 b to no purpose4 ,! la% is appli$ until ! ov]se] is satisfi$4 ,sometimes ! :ipp+ is def]r$ until ! weigh+ is all ov]4 ,i h said t all mu/ be tru/$ to ! ov]se]4 ,if he owes any "o a grudge1 or wi%es to enjoy ! fi5di% pleasure ( :ipp+ a little1 7= "s ov]se]s really delight 9 x17 !y h only to tell a falsehood relative to ! weight ( _! basket2 !y c !n h a pretext to gratify _! diabolical disposition2 & f ! "* ( ov]se]s1 ,i h no d\bt t x is frequ5tly done4 ,on all plantations1 ! male & female slaves f>e pretty mu* alike2 ^? :o are ) *ild are driv5 to _! task till )9 a few days ( ! "t ( _! deliv]y2 & :5 ! *ild is a few weeks old1 ! "m mu/ aga9 g to ! field4 ,if x is f> f h] hut1 %e mu/ take h] babe ) h]1 & leave x 9 ! c>e ( "s ( ! *ildr5--p]haps ( "o n m ?an f\r or five ye>s old4 ,if ! *ild cries1 %e _c g to its relief2 ! eye ( ! ov]se] is ^u h]2 & if1 :5 %e goes to nurse x1 %e /ays a little long] ?an ! ov]se] ?9ks necess>y1 he comm&s h] back to h] task1 & p]haps a husb& & fa!r mu/ he> & witness x all4 ,bro!r1 y _c beg9 to "k :at ! poor slave mo!rs suff]1 on ?\s&s ( plantations at ! s\?4 ,i w n[ give a few facts1 %[+ ! work+s ( ! sy/em4 ,"s ye>s s9ce1 a ,presbyt]ian m9i/] mov$ f ,nor? ,c>ol9a to ,georgia4 ,he _h a negro man ( an uncommon m9d4 ,= "s cause1 ,i "k n :at1 ?is m9i/] :ipp$ him mo/ unm]cifully4 ,he next ne>ly dr[n$ him2 he !n put him 9 ! f5ce2 ?is is done by lift+ up ! corn] ( a 'worm' f5ce1 & !n putt+ ! feet ?r\gh2 ! rails s]ve z /ocks4 ,he kept him !re "s "t1 h[ long ,i 0 n in=m$1 b ! poor slave di$ 9 a few days2 &1 if ,i 0 rightly in=m$1 no?+ 0 done ab\t x1 ei!r 9 *ur* or /ate4 ,aft] "s tame1 he mov$ back to ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & is n[ a memb] ( ---- ,presbyt]y4 ,i h he>d him prea*1 & h be5 9 ! pulpit ) him4 ,may ,god =give me6 ,at ,laurel ,hill1 ,ri*mond c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 x 0 report$ t a runaway slave 0 9 ! neighborhood4 ,a numb] ( "y m5 took _! guns1 & w5t 9 pursuit4 ,"s ( !m took _! /ation ne> ! /age road1 & kept on ! look-out4 ,x 0 e>ly 9 ! ev5+--! poor slave came along1 :5 ! ambu% ru%$ ^u him1 & ord]$ him to surr5d]4 ,he refus$1 & kept !m (f ) 8 club4 ,!y /ill press$ ^u him ) _! guns pres5t$ to 8 brea/4 ,)\t seem+ to be daunt$1 he caught hold ( ! muzzle ( "o ( ! guns1 & came ne> gett+ possession ( x4 ,at l5g?1 retreat+ to a f5ce on "o side ( ! road1 he sprang ov] into a corn-field1 & />t$ to run 9 "o ( ! r[s4 ,"o ( ! "y m5 /epp$ to ! f5ce1 fir$1 & lodg$ ! :ole *>ge betwe5 8 %\ld]s2 he fell1 & di$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,he di$ )\t tell+ :o 8 ma/] 01 or :e!r he _h any1 or :at 8 own "n 01 or :]e he 0 f4 ,a hole 0 dug by ! side ( ! road 8 body tumbl$ into x1 & ?us end$ ! :ole matt]4 ,! ,rev1 ,mr4 ,c4 a ,me?odi/ m9i/]1 held z 8 slave a negro man1 :o 0 a memb] ( 8 own *ur*4 ,! slave 0 consid]$ a v pi\s man1 _h ! confid5ce ( 8 ma/]1 & all :o knew him1 & if ,i recollect "r1 he sometimes attempt$ to prea*4 ,j be=e ! ,nat ,turn] insurrection1 9 ,s\?ampton c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 by :i* ! :ole s\? 0 ?r[n into a panic1 !n wor?y slave obta9$ p]mission to visit 8 relatives1 :o resid$ ei!r 9 ,s\?ampton1 or ! c\nty adjo9+4 ,?is 0 ! only in/ance t ev] came to my k1 ( a slave be+ p]mitt$ to g s f> to visit 8 relatives4 ,he w5t & return$ accord+ to agreem5t4 ,a few weeks aft] 8 return1 ! insurrection took place1 & ! :ole c\ntry 0 deeply agitat$4 ,suspicion soon fix$ on ?is slave4 ,nat ,turn] 0 a ,bapti/ m9i/]1 & ! s\? became exce$+ly jeal\s ( all negro prea*]s4 ,x seem$ z if ! :ole community 7 impress$ ) ! belief t he knew all ab\t x2 t he & ,nat ,turn] _h concoct$ an ext5sive insurrection2 & s confid5t 7 !y 9 ?is belief1 t !y took ! poor slave1 tri$ him1 & hung him4 ,x 0 all done 9 a few days4 ,he prote/$ 8 innoc5ce to ! la/4 ,aft] ! excitem5t 0 ov]1 _m 7 ready to ackn[l$ge t !y believ$ him innoc5t4 ,he 0 hung ^u suspicion6 ,9 ,r---- c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 liv$ a ,mr4 ,b4 :o _h ! "n ( be+ a cruel ma/]4 ,?ree or f\r w9t]s s9ce1 8 slaves 7 engag$ 9 cle>+ a piece ( new l&4 ,he _h a negro girl1 ab\t #ad ye>s old1 :om he _h sev]ely :ipp$ a few days be=e1 = n p]=m+ h] task4 ,%e aga9 fail$4 ,! h&s left ! field = home2 %e w5t ) !m a "p ( ! way1 & fell beh9d2 b ! negroes ?\ght %e w\ld soon be along2 ! ev5+ pass$ away1 & %e did n come4 ,!y f9ally conclud$ t %e _h gone back to ! new gr\nd1 to lie by ! log heaps t 7 on fire4 ,b !y 7 mi/ak53 %e _h sat d[n by ! foot ( a l>ge p9e4 ,%e 0 ?9ly clad--! night 0 cold & ra9y4 ,9 ! morn+ ! poor girl 0 f\nd1 b %e 0 spee*less & di$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,"o ( my neighbors sold to a speculator a negro boy1 ab\t #ad ye>s old4 ,x 0 m ?an 8 poor "m c\ld be>4 ,h] reason fl$1 & %e became a p]fect maniac1 & _h to be kept 9 close conf9em5t4 ,%e w\ld occasionally get out & run (f to ! neighbors4 ,on "o ( ^! occasions %e came to my h\se4 ,%e 0 inde$ a pitiable object4 ,) te>s roll+ d[n h] *ecks1 & h] frame %ak+ ) agony1 %e w\ld cry out1 'don't y he> him--!y are :ipp+ him n[1 & he is call+ = me6' ,?is neighbor ( m9e1 :o tore ! boy away f 8 poor "m1 & ?us broke h] he>t1 0 a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*4 ,mr4 ,s----1 ( ,m>ion ,di/rict1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 in=m$ me t a boy 0 kill$ by ! ov]se] on ,mr4 ,p----'s plantation4 ,! boy 0 engag$ 9 driv+ ! horses 9 a cotton g94 ,! driv] g5]ally sits on ! end ( ! sweep4 ,n driv+ to suit ! ov]se]1 he knock$ him (f ) ! butt ( 8 :ip4 ,8 skull 0 fractur$4 ,he di$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,a man ( my acqua9tance 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ( consid]able weal?1 _h an only son1 :om he educat$ = ! b>2 b n succe$+ 9 8 pr(ession1 he soon return$ home4 ,8 fa!r hav+ a small plantation ?ree or f\r miles (f2 plac$ 8 son on x z an ov]se]4 ,foll[+ ! example ( 8 fa!r1 z ,i h good reason to believe1 he took ! wife ( "o ( ! negro m54 ,! poor slave felt himself greatly injur$1 & expo/ulat$ ) him4 ,! wret* took 8 gun1 & delib]ately %ot him4 ,provid5tially he only w\nd$ him badly4 ,:5 ! fa!r came1 & und]took to remon/rate ) 8 son ab\t 8 conduct1 he ?reat5$ to %oot him also6 & f9ally1 took ! negro woman1 & w5t to ,alabama1 :]e he /ill resid$ :5 ,i left ! s\?4 ,an eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* relat$ to me ! foll[+4--',a speculator ) 8 drove ( negroes 0 pass+ my h\se1 & ,i b\ght a little girl1 n9e or t5 ye>s old4 ,aft] a few mon?s1 ,i conclud$ t ,i w\ld r h a pl\gh-boy4 ,ano!r speculator 0 pass+1 & ,i sold ! girl4 ,%e 0 mu* di/ress$1 & 0 v unwill+ to leave4'--,%e _h be5 ) him long en\gh to become atta*$ to 8 own & 8 negro *ildr51 & he conclud$ by say+1 t 9 view ( ! little girl's te>s & cries1 he _h det]m9$ nev] to d ! l aga94 ,i w\ld n tru/ him1 = ,i "k him to be a v av>ici\s man4 ,:ile travel+ 9 ,anson c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,i put up = a night at a private h\se4 ,! man ( ! h\se 0 n at home :5 ,i /opp$1 b came 9 ! c\rse ( ! ev5+1 & 0 noisy & pr(ane1 & ne>ly drunk4 ,i retir$ to re/1 b n to sleep2 8 curs+ & swe>+ 7 en\gh to keep a regim5t awake4 ,ab\t midnight he w5t to 8 kit*51 & call$ out 8 two slaves1 a man & woman4 ,8 object1 he said1 0 to :ip !m4 ,!y bo? begg$ & promis$1 b to no purpose4 ,! :ipp+ began1 & cont9u$ = "s "t4 ,_! cries might h be5 he>d at a di/ance4 ,i 0 acqua9t$ ) a v weal?y plant]1 on ! ,p$ee riv]1 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :o has s9ce di$ 9 consequ5ce ( intemp]ance4 ,x 0 said t he _h occasion$ ! dea? ( twelve ( 8 slaves1 by compell+ !m to "w 9 wat]1 op5+ a dit* 9 ! mid/ ( w9t]4 ,! disease ) :i* !y di$ 0 a pleurisy4 ,9 cross+ ,p$ee riv]1 at ,ca%way ,f]ry1 ,i obs]v$ t ! f]ryman _h no hair on ei!r side ( 8 head1 ,i ask$ him ! cause4 ,he in=m$ me t x 0 caus$ by 8 ma/]'s cane4 ,i said1 y h a v bad ma/]4 ',yes1 a v bad ma/]4' ,i und]/ood t he 0 once a numb] ( ,congress f ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,:ile travel+ z ag5t = ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,bapti/ ,/ate ,conv5tion1 ,i att5d$ a ?ree days' meet+ 9 ,gates c\nty1 ,friday1 ! fir/ day1 pass$ (f4 ,saturday morn+ came1 & ! pa/or ( ! *ur*1 :o liv$ a few miles (f1 did n make 8 appe>ance4 ,! day pass$ (f1 & no news f ! pa/or4 ,on ,sabba? morn+1 he came hobbl+ along1 hav+ b little use ( "o foot4 ,he soon expla9$3 said he _h a hir$ negro man1 :o1 on ,saturday morn+1 gave him a 'little slack jaw4' ,n hav+ a /ick at h&1 he fell ^u him ) 8 fi/ & foot1 & 9 kick+ him1 he injur$ 8 foot s s]i\sly1 t he c\ld n att5d meet+ on ,saturday4 ,"s ( ! slavehold+ m9i/]s at ! s\?1 put _! slaves "u ov]se]s1 or hire !m out1 & !n take ! pa/oral c>e ( *ur*es4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,b----1 =m]ly ( ,p5nsylvania1 _h a plantation 9 ,m>lbor\gh ,di/rict1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & 0 ! pa/or ( a *ur* 9 ,d>l+ton ,di/rict4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,t----1 ( ,johnson c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 has a plantation 9 ,alabama4 ,i 0 pres5t1 & saw ! ,rev4 ,j---- ,w----1 ( ,meckl5burg c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 hire out f\r slaves to "w 9 ! gold m9es is ,burke c\nty4 ,! ,rev4 ,h---- ,m----1 ( ,orange c\nty1 sold = #ijj1 a negro man to a speculator1 on a ,monday ( a camp meet+4 ,runaway slaves are frequ5tly hunt$ ) guns & dogs4 ,i 0 once out on su* an excursion1 ) my rifle & two dogs4 ,i tru/ ! ,"l has =giv5 me ?is he9\s wick$ness6 ,we did n take ! runaways4 ,slaves are sometimes mo/ unm]cifully puni%$ = trifl+ (f5ces1 or m]e mi/akes4 ,z x relates to amalgamation1 ,i c say1 t ,i h be5 9 respectable families1 7s call$17 :]e ,i c\ld di/+ui% ! family resemblance 9 ! slaves :o wait$ ^u ! table4 ,i once hir$ a slave :o belong$ to 8 own uncle4 ,x is s common = ! female slaves to h :ite *ildr51 t little or no?+ is ev] said ab\t x4 ,v few inquiries are made z to :o ! fa!r is4 ,?us1 bro!r ----1 ,i h giv5 y v briefly1 ! result1 9 "p1 ( my obs]vations & exp]i5ce relative to slav]y4 ,y c make :at disposition ( x y please4 ,i am will+ t my "n %\ld g to ! _w ) :at ,i h n[ writt54 ,y\rs affectionately1 = ! oppress$1 ,,francis ,,hawley4 ,colebrook1 ,connecticut1 ,m>* #ah1 #ahci4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,reub5 ,g4 ,,macy ,,& ,,ri*>d ,,macy4 ,! foll[+ is an extract ( a lett] rec5tly receiv$ f ,,*>les ,,m>riott ( ,hudson1 ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,m>riott is an eld] 9 ! ,religi\s ,society ( ,fri5ds1 & is ext5sively kn[n & respect$4 ,! two foll[+ brief /atem5ts1 are furni%$ by ,ri*>d ,macy & ,reub5 ,g4 ,macy1 bro!rs1 bo? ( ,hudson1 ,new ,york4 ,!y are head c>p5t]s by trade1 & h be5 well kn[n to me = m ?an ?irty ye>s1 z e/eem$ memb]s ( ! ,religi\s ,society ( ,fri5ds4 ,!y in=m me t dur+ _! /ay 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 a numb] m simil> cases to ^? "h relat$1 came "u _! notice1 :i* to avoid repetition !y omit4 ,c4 ,,m>riott4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,reub5 ,g4 ,,macy4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahah & #ai1 ,i resid$ on an isl& ne> ! m\? ( ! ,savanna riv]1 on ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a side4 ,mo/ ( ! slaves t came "u my p>ticul> notice1 belong$ to a wid[ & h] daught]1 9 ^: family ,i liv$4 ,no :ite man belong$ to ! plantation4 ,h] slaves 7 "u ! c>e ( an ov]se] :o came once a week to give ord]s1 & settl$ ! score laid up aga9/ su* z _! mi/ress ?\ght des]v$ puni%m5t1 :i* 0 f tw5ty-five to ?irty la%es on _! nak$ backs1 ) a :ip :i* ! ov]se] g5]ally br\ght ) him4 ,?is :ip _h a /\t h&le ab\t two feet long1 & a la% ab\t f\r & a half feet4 ,f two to f\r receiv$ ! above1 ,i believe ne>ly e week dur+ ! w9t]1 sometimes 9 my pres5ce1 & always 9 my he>+4 ,i exam9$ ! backs & %\ld]s ( a numb] ( ! m51 :i* 7 mo/ly nak$ :ile !y 7 ab\t _! labor1 & f\nd !m cov]$ ) h>d ridges 9 e direction4 ,"o day1 :ile busy 9 ! cotton h\se1 he>+ a noise1 ,i ran to ! door & saw a color$ woman plead+ ) ! ov]se]1 :o paid no att5tion to h] cries1 b ti$ h] h&s toge!r1 & pass$ ! rope ov] a beam1 ov] head1 :]e 0 a plat=m = spread+ cotton1 he !n drew ! rope z tight z he c\ld1 s z to let h] toes t\* ! gr\nd2 !n /ripp$ h] body nak$ to ! wai/1 & w5t delib]ately to "w ) 8 :ip1 & put on tw5ty-five or ?irty la%es1 %e plead+ 9 va9 all ! "t4 ,i inquir$1 ! cause ( su* treatm5t1 & 0 in=m$ x 0 = answ]+ h] mi/ress r '%ort4' ,a woman f a neighbor+ plantation came :]e ,i 01 on a visit2 %e came 9 a boat r[$ by six slaves1 :o1 accord+ to ! common practice1 7 left to take c>e ( !mselves1 & hav+ laid !m d[n 9 ! boat & fall5 asleep1 ! tide fell1 & ! wat] fill+ ! /]n ( ! boat1 wet _! mi/resses trunk ( clo!s4 ,:5 %e discov]$ x1 %e call$ !m up ne> :]e ,i 01 & compell$ !m to :ip ea* o!r1 till !y all _h receiv$ a sev]e flogg+4 ,%e /&+ by ) a :ip 9 h] h& to see t !y did n sp>e ea* o!r4 ,_! usual all[ance ( food 0 "o peck ( corn p] week1 :i* 0 dealt out to !m e fir/ day ( ! week1 & su* z 7 n !re to receive _! portion at ! appo9t$ "t1 _h to live z !y c\ld dur+ ! com+ week4 ,ea* "o _h ! privilege ( plant+ a small piece ( gr\nd1 & rais+ p\ltry = _! own use :i* !y g5]ally sold1 t is1 su* z did improve ! privilege :i* 7 b few4 ,!y _h no?+ all[$ !m besides ! corn1 except "o qu>t] ( beef at ,*ri/mas :i* a slave br\ght ?ree miles on 8 head4 ,!y 7 all[$ ?ree days re/ at ,*ri/mas4 ,_! clo?+ consi/$ ( a pair ( tr[s]s & jacket1 made ( :iti% wooll5 clo? call$ negro clo?4 ,! wom5 _h no?+ b a petticoat1 & a v %ort %ort-g[n1 made ( ! same k+ ( clo?4 ,"s ( ! wom5 _h an old pair ( %oes1 b !y g5]ally w5t b>efoot4 ,! h\ses = ! field slaves 7 ab\t f\rte5 feet squ>e1 built 9 ! co>se/ mann]1 hav+ b "o room1 )\t any *imney1 or floor+1 ) a hole at ! ro( at "o end to let ! smoke out4 ,ea* "o 0 all[$ "o blanket 9 :i* !y roll$ !mselves up4 ,i exam9$ _! h\ses b c\ld n discov] any ?+ l a b$4 ,i 0 in=m$ t :5 !y _h a suffici5cy ( potatoes ! slaves 7 all[$ "s2 b ! season t ,i 0 !re !y did n raise m ?an 7 want$ = se$4 ,all _! corn 0 gr\nd 9 "o h&-mill1 e night j z mu* z 0 necess>y = ! family1 !n ea* "o 8 daily portion1 :i* took consid]able "t 9 ! night4 ,i (t5 awoke & he>d ! s\nd ( ! mill4 ,gr9d+ ! corn 9 ! night1 & 9 ! d>k1 aft] _! day's labor1 & ! want ( o!r food1 7 great h>d%ips4 ,! travel+ 9 ^? p>ts1 among ! isl&s1 0 altoge!r ) boats1 r[$ by f f\r to t5 slaves1 :i* (t5 /opp$ at our plantation1 & /aid ?r\gh ! night1 :5 ! slaves1 aft] r[+ ?r\gh ! day1 7 left to %ift = !mselves2 & :5 !y w5t to ,savannah ) a load ( cotton ! 7 oblig$ to sleep 9 ! op5 boats1 z ! law did n all[ a color$ p]son to be out aft] eight o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 )\t a pass f 8 ma/]4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,ri*>d ,,macy4 ,! above acc\nt is f my bro!r1 ,i 0 at "w on ,hilton ,head ab\t tw5ty miles nor? ( my bro!r1 dur+ ! same w9t]4 ,! same all[ance ( "o peck ( corn = a week1 ! same k9d ( h\ses to live 91 & ! same me?od ( gr9d+ _! corn1 & always 9 ! night1 & 9 ! d>k1 0 practic$ !re4 ,a numb] ( in/ances ( sev]e :ipp+ came "u my notice4 ,! fir/ 0 ?is3--two m5 7 s5t out to saw "s blocks out ( l>ge live oak timb] on :i* to raise my build+4 ,_! saw 0 9 poor ord]1 & !y saw$ !m badly1 = :i* _! ma/] /ripp$ !m nak$ & flogg$ !m4 ,! next in/ance 0 a boy ab\t sixte5 ye>s ( age4 ,he _h crept into ! coa* to sleep2 aft] two or ?ree nights he 0 caught by ! coa* driv]1 a nor!rn man1 & /ripp$ entirely nak$1 & :ipp$ )\t m]cy1 8 ma/] look+ on4 ,ano!r in/ance4 ,! ov]se]1 a "y :ite man1 _h ord]$ sev]al negroes a boat's crew1 to be on ! spot at a giv5 "t4 ,"o man did n appe> until ! boat _h gone4 ,! ov]se] 0 v angry & told him to /rip & be flogg$2 he be+ sl[1 0 told if he did n in/antly /rip (f 8 jacket1 he1 ! ov]se]1 w\ld :ip x (f :i* he did 9 %r$s1 :ipp+ him cruelly4 ,! man ran into ! b>r5s & x 0 ab\t a mon? be=e !y caught him4 ,he 0 newly />v$1 & at la/ /ole a turkey2 !n ano!r1 & 0 caught4 ,hav+ occasion to pass a plantation v e>ly "o foggy morn+1 9 a boat we he>d ! s\nd ( ! :ip1 be=e we c\ld see1 b z we drew up 9 front ( ! plantation1 we c\ld see ! negroes at "w 9 ! field4 ,! ov]se] 0 go+ f "o to ! o!r caus+ !m to lay d[n _! hoe1 /rip (f _! g>m5t1 hold up _! h&s & receive _! numb] ( la%es4 ,?us he w5t on f "o to ! o!r until we 7 out ( sight4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! w9t] a family came :]e ,i 01 on a visit f a neighbor+ isl&2 ( c\rse1 9 a boat ) negroes to r[ !m--"o ( ^! a b>b]1 told me t he ran away ab\t two ye>s be=e1 & jo9$ a company ( negroes :o _h fl$ to ! swamps4 ,he said !y suff]$ a great deal--7 at la/ discov]$ by a p>ty ( hunt]s1 :o fir$ among !m1 & caus$ !m to scatt]4 ,himself & "o m fl$ to ! coa/1 took a boat & put (f to sea1 a /orm came on & swamp$ or upset !m1 & 8 p>tn] 0 dr[n$1 he 0 tak5 up by a pass+ vessel & return$ to 8 ma/]4 ,,ri*>d ,,macy4 ,hudson1 #ab mo4 #bi?1 #ahch4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,mr4 ,,eleaz> ,,p[ell ,,extract ,,( ,a ,,lett] ,,f ,,mr4 ,,william ,,scott1 a highly respectable citiz5 ( ,beav] co4 ,p5nsylvania1 dat$ ,jan #g1 #ahci4 ,*ippeca ,t[n%ip1 ,beav] co4 ,pa4 ,jan4 #g1 #ahci4 ,i s5d y ! /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,eleaz> ,p[ell1 :o 0 born1 & has mo/ly resid$ 9 ?is t[n%ip f 8 bir?4 ,8 "* = sobriety & tru? /&s above impea*m5t4 ,) s5tim5ts ( e/eem1 ,i am y\r fri5d1 ,,william ,,scott4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,decemb]1 #ahcf1 ,i w5t to ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi to "w at my trade1 7masonry & bricklay+17 & cont9u$ to "w 9 ! c\nties ( ,adams & ,jeff]son1 betwe5 f\r & five mon?s4 ,9 foll[+ my bus9ess ,i _h an opportunity ( see+ ! treatm5t ( slaves 9 sev]al places4 ,9 ,adams c\nty ,i built a *imney = a man nam$ ,joseph ,gwatney2 he _h =ty-five field h&s ( bo? sexes4 ,! field 9 :i* !y work$ at t "t1 lay ab\t two miles f ! h\se2 ! h&s _h to cook & eat _! breakfa/1 prep>e _! d9n]1 & be 9 ! field at daylight1 & cont9ue !re till d>k4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! cotton !y _h pick$ 0 weigh$1 & if !y fell %ort ( _! task !y 7 :ipp$4 ,"o night ,i att5d$ ! weigh+--two wom5 fell %ort ( _! task1 & ! ma/] ord]$ ! black driv] to take !m to ! qu>t]s & flog !m2 "o ( !m 0 to receive tw5ty-five la%es & pick a peck ( cotton se$4 ,i h be5 ) ! ov]se] sev]al times ?r\gh ! negro qu>t]s4 ,! huts are g5]ally built ( split timb]1 "s l>g] ?an rails1 twelve & a half feet wide & f\rte5 feet long--"s ) & "s )\t *imneys1 & g5]ally )\t floors2 !y 7 g5]ally )\t daub+1 & mo/ly _h split clapbo>ds nail$ on ! cracks on ! outside1 ?\gh "s 7 )\t ev5 t3 9 "s !re 0 a k9d ( r\gh b$/ead1 made f rails1 poli%$ ) ! axe1 & put toge!r 9 a v r\gh mann]1 ! bottom cov]$ ) clapbo>ds1 & ov] t a bundle ( worn out clo!s4 ,9 "s huts !re 0 no b$/ead at all4 ,! above description applies to ! places g5]ally ) :i* ,i 0 acqua9t$1 & !y 7 mo/ly old settlem5ts4 ,9 ! ea/ "p ( ,jeff]son c\nty ,i built a *imney = a man nam$ ---- ,m',coy2 he _h =ty-sev5 labor+ h&s4 ,ne> :]e ,i 0 at "w1 ,m',coy _h ord]$ "o ( 8 slaves to set a po/ = a gate4 ,:5 he came to look at x1 he said ! slave _h n set x 9 ! "r place2 & ord]$ him to /rip1 & lie d[n on 8 face2 tell+ him t if he /ruggl$1 or attempt$ to get up1 two m51 :o _h be5 call$ to ! spot1 %\ld seize & hold him fa/4 ,! slave agre$ to be quiet1 & ,m',coy comm5c$ flogg+ him on ! b>e back1 ) ! wagon :ip4 ,aft] "s "t ! suff]] attempt$ to get up2 "o ( ! slaves /&+ by1 seiz$ him by ! feet & held him fa/2 ^u :i* he yield$1 & ,m',coy cont9u$ to flog him t5 or fifte5 m9utes4 ,:5 he 0 up1 & _h put on 8 tr[s]s1 ! blood came ?r\gh !m4 ,ab\t half a mile f ,m',coy's 0 a plantation own$ by 8 /ep-daught]4 ,! ov]se]'s "n 0 ,james ,f>r1 ( :om x appe>s ,mrs4 ,m',coy's wait+ woman 0 enam\r$4 ,"o night1 :ile ,i liv$ !re1 ,m',coy came f ,nat*ez1 ab\t #aj o'clock at night4 ,he said t ,d9ah 0 gone1 & wi%$ 8 ov]se] to g ) him to ,f>r's lodg+s4 ,!y w5t accord+ly1 "o to ea* door1 & caught ,d9ah z %e ran out1 %e 0 p>tly dress$ 9 h] mi/ress's clo!s2 ,m',coy :ipp$ h] unm]cifully1 & %e aft]w>ds made h] escape4 ,on ! next day1 7,sabba?71 ,m',coy came to ! ov]se]'s1 :]e ,i lodg$1 & reque/$ him & me to look = h]1 z he 0 afraid t %e _h hang$ h]self4 ,he !n gave me ! p>ticul>s ( ! flogg+4 ,he /at$ t ne> ,f>r's he _h made h] /rip & lie d[n1 & _h flogg$ h] until he 0 tir$2 t be=e he rea*$ home he _h a second "t made h] /rip1 & aga9 flogg$ h] until he 0 tir$2 t :5 he rea*$ home he _h ti$ h] to a pea*-tree1 & aft] gett+ a dr9k _h flogg$ h] until he 0 ?ir/y aga92 & :ile he w5t to get a dr9k ! woman made h] escape4 ,he /at$ t he knew1 f ! :ipp+ he _h giv5 h]1 !re mu/ be 9 h] back cuts an in* deep4 ,he %[$ ! place :]e %e _h be5 ti$ to ! tree2 !re appe>$ to be z mu* blood z if a hog _h be5 /uck !re4 ,! woman 0 f\nd on ,sabba? ev5+1 ne> ! sprang1 & _h to be c>ri$ into ! h\se4 ,:ile ,i liv$ !re ,i he>d ,m',coy say1 if ! slaves did n raise him ?ree hundr$ bales ( cotton ! ensu+ season1 he w\ld kill e negro he _h4 ,ano!r case ( flogg+ came "u my notice3 ,philip ,o4 ,hughes1 %]iff ( ,jeff]son c\nty1 _h hir$ a slave to a man1 ^: "n ,i d n recollect4 ,on a ,sabba? day ! slave _h drank some:at freely2 he 0 ord]$ by ! tav]n keep]1 7:]e 8 pres5t ma/] _h left 8 horse & ! negro17 to /ay 9 ! kit*52 ! negro wi%$ to be out4 ,9 p]si/+ to g out he 0 knock$ d[n ?ree times2 & aft]w>ds flogg$ until ano!r "y man & myself ran ab\t half a mile1 hav+ be5 drawn by ! cries ( ! negro & ! s\nd ( ! :ip4 ,:5 we came up1 a numb] ( m5 t _h be5 ab\t ! tav]n1 7 :ipp+ him1 & at int]vals w\ld ask him if he w\ld take (f 8 clo!s4 ,at see+ !m drive d[n ! /akes = a regul> flogg+ he yield$1 & took !m (f4 ,!y !n flogg$ him until satisfi$4 ,on ! next morn+ ,i saw him1 & 8 pantaloons 7 all 9 a gore ( blood4 ,dur+ my /ay 9 ,jeff]son c\nty1 ,philip ,o4 ,hughes 0 out "o day ) 8 gun--he saw a negro at "s di/ance1 ) a club 9 "o h& & an e> ( corn 9 ! o!r--,hughes /epp$ beh9d a tree1 & wait$ 8 approa*2 he suppos$ ! negro to be a runaway1 :o _h escap$ ab\t n9e mon?s be=e f 8 ma/]1 liv+ n v f> di/ant4 ,! negro discov]$ ,hughes be=e he came up1 & />t$ to run2 he refus+ to /op1 ,hughes fir$1 & %ot him ?r\gh ! arm4 ,?r\gh loss ( blood ! negro 0 soon tak5 & put 9 jail4 ,i saw 8 w\nd twice dress$1 & he>d ,hughes make ! above /atem5t4 ,:5 9 ,jeff]son c\nty ,i bo>d$ six weeks 9 ,fayette1 ! c\nty t[n1 ) a tav]n keep] nam$ ,james ,truly4 ,he _h a slave nam$ ,lucy1 :o occupi$ ! /ation ( *amb] maid & table wait]4 ,"o day1 j aft] d9n] ,mrs4 ,truly took ,lucy & b\nd h] arms r\nd a p9e sapl+ beh9d ! h\se1 & comm5c$ flogg+ h] ) a rid+-:ip2 & :5 tir$ w\ld take h] *air & re/4 ,%e cont9u$ ?us alt]nately flogg+ & re/+1 = at lea/ an h\r & a half4 ,i aft]w>ds le>n$ f ! b>-keep]1 & o!rs1 t ! woman's (f5ce 0 t %e _h b\ght two c&les to set on ! table ! ev5+ be=e1 n kn[+ !re 7 yet "s 9 ! box4 ,i did nor see ! act ( flogg+ above relat$2 b x 0 comm5c$ be=e ,i left ! h\se aft] d9n]1 & my "w n be+ m ?an tw5ty rods f ! h\se1 ,i di/9ctly he>d ! cries ( ! woman all ! "t1 & ! mann] ( ty+ ,i _h f ^? :o did see x4 ,:ile ,i bo>d$ at ,truly's1 an ov]se] %ot a negro ab\t two miles nor?we/ ( ,fayette1 belong+ to a man nam$ ,h9ds ,/u>t4 ,i he>d ,/u>t himself /ate ! p>ticul>s4 ,x appe>$ t ! negro's wife fell "u ! ov]se]'s displeasure1 & he w5t to :ip h]4 ,! negro said %e %\ld n be :ipp$4 ,! ov]se] !n let h] g1 & ord]$ him to be seiz$4 ,! negro1 hav+ be5 a driv]1 roll$ ! la% ( 8 :ip r\nd 8 h&1 & said he w\ld n be :ipp$ at t "t4 ,! ov]se] repeat$ 8 ord]s4 ,! negro took up a hoe1 & none d>$ to take hold ( him4 ,! ov]se] !n w5t to 8 coat1 t he _h laid (f to :ip ! negro's wife1 & took out 8 pi/ol & %ot him dead4 ,8 ma/] ord]$ him to be buri$ 9 a hole )\t a c(f94 ,/u>t /at$ t he w\ld n h tak5 two ?\s& doll>s = him4 ,no puni%m5t 0 inflict$ on ! ov]se]4 ,,eleaz> ,,p[ell1 ,jr4 ,,te/imony ,,on ,,! ,,au?ority ,,( ,,rev4 ,,wm4 ,,scales1 ,,lyndon1 ,,vt ,! foll[+ is an extract ( a lett] f two pr(essional g5tlem5 & _! wives1 :o h liv$ = "s ye>s 9 a small village 9 "o ( ! slave /ates4 ,!y are all p]sons ( ! highe/ respectability1 & are well kn[n 9 at lea/ "o ( ! ,new ,engl& /ates4 ,_! names are ) ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society2 b z ! individuals w\ld d\btless be murd]$ by ! slavehold]s1 if !y 7 publi%$1 ! ,committee feel sacr$ly b\nd to )hold !m4 ,! lett] 0 address$ to a respect$ cl]gyman 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,! writ]s say3 ,a man ne> u own$ a valuable slave--8 be/--mo/ fai?ful s]vant4 ,9 a gu/ ( passion1 he /ruck him dead ) a lev]1 or /ick ( wood4 ,dur+ ! ye>s '#cf & '#cg1 ! foll[+ transpir$4 ,a slave 9 our neighborhood ran away & w5t to a place ab\t ?irty miles di/ant4 ,!re he 0 f\nd by 8 pursu]s on horseback1 & compell$ by ! :ip to run ! di/ance ( ?irty miles4 ,x 0 an exce$+ly hot day--& )9 a few h\rs aft] he arriv$ at ! end ( 8 j\rney ! slave 0 dead4 ,ano!r slave ran away1 b conclud$ to return4 ,he _h proce$$ "s di/ance on 8 return1 :5 he 0 met by a company ( two or ?ree driv]s :o rac$1 :ipp$ & abus$ him until he fell d[n & expir$4 ,?is took place on ! ,sabba?4 ,! writ] aft] speak+ ( ano!r murd] ( a slave 9 ! neighborhood1 )\t giv+ ! circum/ances1 say--,!re is a p[]ful ,new ,engl& influ5ce at ---- ! village :]e !y reside--,we may !re=e suppose t !re w\ld he z little ( b>b>ian cruelty practic$ !re z any :]e2--at lea/ we might suppose t ! av]age am\nt ( cruelty 9 t vic9ity w\ld be suffici5tly favorable to ! side ( slav]y4--,describe a circle1 ! c5tre ( :i* %all be--1 ! resid5ce ( ! writ]s1 & ! radius fifte5 miles1 & 9 ab\t "o ye> ?ree1 & ,i ?9k f\r slaves h be5 murd]$1 )9 t circle1 "u circum/ances ( horrid cruelty4--,:at mu/ h be5 ! am\nt ( murd] 9 ! :ole slave t]ritory8 ,! :ole s\? is rife ) ! crime ( sep>at+ husb&s & wives1 p>5ts & *ildr54 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,joseph ,,ide1 ,,esq4 ,mr4 ,,ide is a respect$ memb] ( ! ,bapti/ ,*ur* 9 ,%effield1 ,cal$onia c\nty1 ,vt42 & rec5tly ! ,po/ma/] 9 t t[n4 ,he sp5t a few mon?s at ! s\? 9 ! ye>s #ahcg & #h4 ,9 a lett] to ! ,rev4 ,wm4 ,scales ( ,lyndon1 ,vt4 writt5 a few weeks s9ce1 ,mr4 ,ide writes z foll[s4 ,9 answ]+ ! propos$ inquiries1 ,i w say fir/1 t al?\gh !re are v>i\s o!r modes resort$ to1 :ipp+ ) ! c[sk9 is ! usual mode ( inflict+ puni%m5t on ! poor slave4 ,i h nev] actually witness$ a :ipp+ sc5e1 = !y are usually tak5 into "s back place = t purpose2 b ,i h (t5 he>d _! groans & screams :ile wri?+ "u ! la%2 & h se5 ! blood fl[ f _! torn & lac]at$ sk9s aft] ! v5geance ( ! inhuman ma/] or mi/ress _h be5 glutt$4 ,y ask if ! woman :]e ,i bo>d$ :ipp$ a slave to dea?4 ,i c give y ! p>ticul>s ( ! transaction z !y 7 relat$ to me4 ,my in=mant 0 a g5tleman--a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,massa*usetts--:o ! w9t] be=e bo>d$ :]e ,i did4 ,he said t ,mrs4 ,t---- _h a female slave :om %e us$ to :ip unm]cifully1 & on "o occasion1 %e :ipp$ h] z long z %e _h /r5g?1 & aft] ! poor creature 0 suff]$ to g1 %e crawl$ (f into a cell>4 ,z %e did n imm$iately return1 se>* 0 made1 & %e 0 f\nd dead 9 ! cell>1 & ! horrid de$ 0 kept a secret 9 ! family1 & x 0 report$ t %e di$ ( sickness4 ,?is wret* at ! same "t 0 a memb] ( a ,presbyt]ian *ur*4 ,t[>ds h] slaves %e 0 c]ta9ly ! mo/ cruel wret* ( any woman ) :om ,i 0 ev] acqua9t$--yet %e 0 no?+ m ?an a slavehold]4 ,%e w\ld deplore slav]y z mu* z ,i did1 & (t5 told me %e 0 mu* ( an abolitioni/ z ,i 04 ,%e 0 con/ant 9 ! decl>ation t h] k9d treatm5t to h] slaves 0 prov]bial4 ,?\ght ,i1 !n ! ,"l h m]cy on ! re/4 ,%e has (t5 told me ( ! cruel treatm5t ( ! slaves on a plantation adjo9+ h] fa!r's 9 ! l[ c\ntry ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,%e says %e has (t5 se5 !m driv5 to ! necessity ( eat+ frogs & liz>ds to su/a9 life4 ,z to ! mode ( liv+ g5]ally1 my in=mation is r limit$1 be+ ) few exceptions conf9$ to ! diff]5t families :]e ,i h bo>d$4 ,my /opp+ places at ! s\? h mo/ly be5 9 cities4 ,9 !m ! slaves are bett] f$ & clo!d ?an on plantations4 ,! h\se s]vants are f$ on :at ! families leave4 ,b !y are kept %ort1 & ,i ?9k are (t5] :ipp$ = /eal+ some?+ to eat ?an any o!r crime4 ,on plantations _! food is pr9cipally hommony1 z ! s\!rn]s call x4 ,x is simply crack$ corn boil$4 ,?is probably con/itutes sev5-eights ( _! liv+4 ,! h\se-s]vants 9 cities are g5]ally dec5tly clo!d1 & "s favorite ones are ri*ly dress$1 b ^? on ! plantations1 especially 9 _! dress1 if x c be call$ dress1 exhibit ! mo/ hagg>d & squalid appe>ance4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 ^? ( bo? sexes m ?an two-?irds nak$4 ,i h se5 f =ty to sixty1 male & female1 at "w 9 a field1 _m ( bo? sexes ) _! bodies entirely nak$--:o did n exhibit signs ( %ame m ?an cattle4 ,z ,i did n g among !m mu* on ! plantations1 ,i h _h b few opportunities = exam9+ ! backs ( slaves--b h frequ5tly pass$ :]e !y 7 at "w1 & be5 occasionally pres5t ) !m1 & 9 almo/ e case !re 7 m>ks ( viol5ce on "s p>ts ( !m--e age1 sex & condition be+ liable to ! :ip4 ,a son ( ! g5tleman ) :om ,i bo>d$1 a "y man ab\t tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age1 _h a plantation & eight or t5 slaves4 ,he us$ to boa/ almo/ e night ( :ipp+ "s ( !m4 ,"o day he relat$ to me a case ( :ipp+ an old negro--,i %\ld judge sixty ye>s ( age4 ,he said he call$ him up to flog him = "s real or suppos$ (f5ce1 & ! poor old man1 be+ pi\s1 ask$ ! privilege ( pray+ be=e he receiv$ 8 puni%m5t4 ,he said he grant$ him ! favor1 & to use 8 own expression1 ',! old nigg] knelt d[n & pray$ = me1 & !n got up & took 8 :ipp+4' ,9 relation to negro huts1 ,i w say t plant]s usually own l>ge tracts ( l&4 ,!y h ext5sive cle>+s & a beautiful mansion h\se--& g5]ally "s =ty or fifty rods f ! dwell+ are situat$ ! negro cab9s1 or huts1 built ( logs 9 ! rude/ mann]4 ,"s consi/ ( poles roll$ up toge!r & cov]$ ) mud or clay--_m ( !m n z com=table z nor!rn pig-/ies4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,ph9eas ,,smi? ,,mr4 ,,smi? is n[ pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,c5treville1 ,allegany c\nty1 ,n4,y4 ,he has rec5tly return$ f a resid5ce 9 ! slave /ates1 & ! ,am]ican slave hold+ settlem5ts 9 ,texas4 ,! foll[+ is an extract ( a lett] lately receiv$ f him4 ,y inquire respect+ in/ances ( cruelty t h come )9 my k4 ,i reply4 ,av>ice & cruelty con/itute ! v gi/ ( ! :ole slave sy/em4 ,_m ( ! enormities committ$ ^u ! plantations w n be describ$ till ,god br+s to light ! hidd5 ?+s ( d>kness1 !n ! te>s & groans & blood ( innoc5t m51 wom5 & *ildr5 w be reveal$1 & ! oppressor's _s mu/ confront t ( 8 victim4 ,i w relate a case ( torture :i* occurr$ on ! ,brassos :ile ,i resid$ a few miles di/ant ^u ! ,*ocolate ,bay\4 ,! case %\ld be rememb]$ z a true illu/ration ( ! nature ( slav]y1 z x exi/s at ! s\?4 ,! facts are ^!4 ,an ov]se] by ! "n ( ,alex&]1 notori\s = 8 cruelty1 0 f\nd dead 9 ! timb]$ l&s ( ! ,brassos4 ,x 0 suppos$ t he 0 murd]$1 b :o p]petrat$ ! act 0 unkn[n4 ,two black m5 7 h[ev] seiz$1 tak5 into ! ,prairie & put to ! torture4 ,a physician by ! "n ( ,p>rott f ,t5nessee1 & ano!r f ,new ,engl& by ! "n ( ,anson ,jones1 7 pres5t on ?is occasion4 ,! latt] g5tleman is n[ ! ,texan m9i/] pl5ipot5ti>y to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & resides at ,wa%+ton4 ,! un=tunate slaves be+ /ripp$1 & all ?+s arrang$1 ! torture comm5c$ by :ipp+ ^u _! b>e backs4 ,six a?letic m5 7 employ$ 9 ?is sc5e ( inhumanity1 ! names ( "s ( :om ,i well rememb]4 ,!re 0 "o ( ! "n ( ,br[n1 & "o or two ( ! "n ( ,patton4 ,^? six execution]s 7 successively employ$ 9 cutt+ up ! bodies ( ^! def5celess slaves1 :o p]si/$ to ! la/ 9 ! av[al ( _! innoc5ce4 ,! bloody :ip 0 h[ev] kept 9 motion till savage b>b>ity itself 0 glutt$4 ,:5 ?is 0 accompli%$1 ! ble$+ victims 7 re-convey$ to ! inclosure ( ! mansion h\se :]e !y 7 deposit$ = a few mom5ts4 ',! dy+ groans h[ev] incommod+ ! ladies1 !y 7 tak5 to a back %$ :]e "o ( !m soon expir$4'#ac ,! life ( ! o!r slave 0 = a "t despair$ (1 b aft] hang+ ov] ! grave = mon?s1 he at l5g? s f> recov]$ z to walk ab\t & labor at light "w4 ,^! facts _c be controv]t$4 ,!y 7 disclos$ "u ! solemnity ( an oa?1 at ,columbia1 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,i 0 pres5t1 & %all nev] =get !m4 ,! te/imony ( ,drs4 ,p>rott & ,jones 0 mo/ appall+4 ,i seem to he> ! dea?-groans ( t murd]$ man4 ,8 cries = m]cy & prote/ations ( innoc5ce fell ^u adamant9e he>ts4 ,! facts above /at$1 & o!rs 9 relation to ?is sc5e ( cruelty came to light 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! ma/] ( ! murd]$ man comm5c$ legal process aga9/ ! actors 9 ?is trag$y = ! recov]y ( ! value ( ! *attel1 z "o w\ld in/itute a suit = a horse or an ox t _h be5 unlawfully kill$4 ,x 0 a suit = ! recov]y ( damages m]ely4 ,no indictm5t 0 ev5 dream$ (4 ,among ! witnesses br\ght ^u ! /& 9 ! progress ( ?is cause 7 ! physicians1 ,p>rott & ,jones above nam$4 ,! "p :i* !y 7 call$ to act 9 ?is affair 01 x is said1 to exam9e ! pulse ( ! victims dur+ ! process ( torture4 ,b !y 7 mi/ak5 z to ! quantum ( torture :i* a human be+ c und]go & n die "u x4 ,c x be believ$ t "o ( ^! physicians 0 born & educat$ 9 ! l& ( ! pilgrims8 ,yes1 9 my own native ,new ,engl&4 ,x is ev5 s6 ,! /one-l apa?y manife/$ at ! trial ( ! above cause1 & ! screams & ! dea?-groans ( an innoc5t man1 z develop$ by ! te/imony ( ! witnesses1 c nev] be oblit]at$ f my memory4 ,!y =m an era 9 my life1 a po9t to :i* ,i look back ) horror4 ,footnote #ac3 ,! words ( ,dr4 ,p>rott1 a witness on ! trial h]eaft] ref]r$ to4 ,ano!r case ( cruelty occurr$ on ! ,san ,b]n>d ne> ,*ance ,prairie1 :]e ,i resid$ = "s "t4 ,! facts 7 ^!4 ,a slave man fl$ f 8 ma/]1 7,mr4 ,swe5y7 & be+ closely pursu$ by ! ov]se] & a son ( ! own]1 he /epp$ a few y>ds 9 ! ,b]n>d & plac$ himself ^u a root1 f :i* !re 0 no possibility ( 8 escape1 = he c\ld n swim4 ,9 ?is situation he 0 fir$ ^u ) a blund]buss load$ heavily ) ball & grape %ot4 ,! ov]se] :o %ot ! gun 0 at a di/ance ( a few feet only4 ,! *>ge ent]$ ! body ( ! negro ne> ! gro94 ,he 0 convey$ to ! plantation1 l+]$ 9 inexpressible agony a few days & expir$4 ,a physician 0 call$1 b m$ical & surgical skill 0 unavail+4 ,no notice :atev] 0 tak5 ( ?is murd] by ! public au?orities1 & ! murd]] 0 n dis*>g$ f ! s]vice ( 8 employ]4 ,:5 slaves flee1 z !y n unfrequ5tly d1 to ! timb]$ l&s ( ,texas1 !y are hunt$ ) guns & dogs4 ,! suff]+s ( ! slave n unfrequ5tly drive him to despair & suicide4 ,at a plantation on ! ,san ,b]n>d1 :]e !re 7 b five slaves1 two dur+ ! same ye> committ$ suicide by dr[n+4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,philemon ,,bliss1 ,,esq4 ,mr4 ,bliss is a highly respectable memb] ( ! b>1 9 ,elyria1 ,lora9 ,co4 ,ohio1 & memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 9 t place4 ,he resid$ 9 ,florida1 dur+ ! ye>s #ahcd & #e4 ,! foll[+ extracts are f lett]s1 writt5 by ,mr4 ,b4 9 #ahce1 :ile resid+ on a plantation ne> ,tallahassee1 & publi%$ soon aft] 9 ! ,ohio ,atlas2 also f lett]s writt5 9 #ahcf & publi%$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,evangeli/4 ,9 speak+ ( slav]y z x is1 ,i h>dly "k :]e to beg94 ,! physical condition ( ! slave is f> f be+ accurately kn[n at ! nor?4 ,g5tlem5 travel+ 9 ! s\? c "k no?+ ( x4 ,!y mu/ make ! s\? _! resid5ce2 !y mu/ live on plantations1 be=e !y c h any opportunity ( judg+ ( ! slave4 ,i resid$ 9 ,augu/9e five mon?s1 & _h ,i n made p>ticul> inquiries1 :i* mo/ nor!rn visitors v seldom or nev] d1 ,i %\ld h left !re ) ! impression t ! slaves 7 g5]ally v well treat$1 & 7 a happy p4 ,su* is ! report ( _m nor!rn travel]s :o h no m opportunity ( kn[+ _! real condition ?an if !y _h rema9$ at home4 ,:at confid5ce c\ld we place 9 ! reports ( ! travel]1 relative to ! condition ( ! ,iri% peasantry1 :o =m$ 8 op9ion f ! appe>ance ( ! wait]s at a ,dubl9 hotel1 or ! h\sehold s]vants ( a c\ntry g5tleman8 ,& x is n (t5 on plantations ev51 t /rang]s c witness ! puni%m5t ( ! slave4 ,i 0 conv]s+ ! o!r day ) a neighbor+ plant]1 ^u ! brutal treatm5t ( ! slaves :i* ,i _h witness$3 he rem>k$1 t _h ,i be5 ) him ,i %\ld n h se5 ?is4 ,:5 ,i :ip nigg]s1 ,i take !m out ( sight & he>+4 ,su* be+ ! difficulties 9 ! way ( a /rang]'s asc]ta9+ ! treatm5t ( ! slaves1 x is n to be wond]$ at t g5tlem51 ( und\bt$ v]acity1 %\ld give directly false /atem5ts relative to x4 ,b facts _c lie1 & 9 giv+ ^! ,i conf9e myself to :at has come "u my own p]sonal obs]vation4 ,! negroes comm5ce labor by daylight 9 ! morn+1 &1 except+ ! pl[boys1 :o mu/ fe$ & re/ _! horses1 d n leave ! field till d>k 9 ! ev5+4 ,!re is a good deal ( cont5tion among plant]s1 :o %all make ! mo/ cotton to ! h&1 or1 :o %all drive _! negroes ! h>de/2 & ,i h he>d bets made & /ak$ ^u ! issue ( ! crops4 ,col4 ,w4 0 boa/+ ( 8 l>ge crops1 & swore t 'he made = 8 =ce1 ! l>ge/ crops 9 ! c\ntry4' ,he 0 disput$ ( c\rse4 ,on rid+ home 9 company ) ,mr4 ,c4 ! conv]sation turn$ ^u ,col4 ,w4 ,my companion rem>k$1 t ?\gh ,col4 ,w4 _h ! reputation ( mak+ a l>ge crop1 yet he c\ld beat him himself1 & did d x ! la/ ye>4 ,i rem>k$ t ,i consid]$ x no honor to ,col4 ,w4 to drive 8 slaves to dea? to make a l>ge crop4 ,i h he>d no m ab\t l>ge crops f him s9ce4 ,driv]s or ov]se]s usually drive ! slaves worse ?an ma/]s4--,_! reputation = good ov]se]s dep5ds 9 a great measure ^u ! crops !y make1 & ! dea? ( a slave is no loss to !m4 ,( ! ext5t & cruelty ( ! puni%m5t ( ! slave1 ! nor!rn public "k no?+4 ,f ! nature ( ! case !y c "k little1 z ,i h be=e m5tion$4 ,i h se5 a woman1 a "m1 compell$1 9 ! pres5ce ( h] ma/] & mi/ress1 to hold up h] clo!s1 & endure ! :ip ( ! driv] on ! nak$ body = m ?an tw5ty m9utes1 & :ile h] cries w\ld h r5t ! he>t ( any "o1 :o _h n h>d5$ himself to human suff]+4 ,h] ma/] & mi/ress 7 conv]s+ ) app>5t indiff]5ce4 ,:at 0 h] crime8 ,%e _h a task giv5 h] ( sew+ :i* %e mu/ f9i% t day4 ,late at night %e f9i%$ x2 b ! /it*es 7 too long1 & %e mu/ be :ipp$4 ,! same 0 repeat$ ?ree or f\r nights = ! same (f5ce4 ,i h se5 a man ti$ to a tree1 h&s & feet1 & receive #cje bl[s ) ! paddle#ad on ! fle%y p>ts ( ! body4 ,two o!rs receiv$ ! same k9d ( puni%m5t at ! "t1 ?\gh ,i did n c\nt ! bl[s4 ,"o receiv$ #bcj la%es4 ,_! crime 0 /eal+ mutton4 ,i h frequ5tly he>d ! %rieks ( ! slaves1 male & female1 accompani$ by ! /rokes ( ! paddle or :ip1 :5 ,i h n gone ne> ! sc5e ( horror4 ,i knew n _! crimes1 except+ ( "o woman1 :i* 0 /eal+ f\r potatoes to eat ) h] bread6 ,! m common numb] ( la%es inflict$ 0 fifty or eighty2 & ?is ,i saw n once or twice1 b s frequ5tly t ,i c n tell ! numb] ( times ,i h se5 x4 ,s frequ5tly1 t my own he>t 0 becom+ s h>d5$ t ,i c\ld witness ) comp>ative indiff]5ce1 ! female wri! "u ! la%1 & h] %rieks & cries = m]cy ceas$ to pi]ce my he>t ) t ke5ness1 or give me t angui% :i* !y fir/ caus$4 ,x 0 n always t ,i c\ld le>n _! crimes2 b ( ^? ,i did le>n1 ! mo/ common 0 non-p]=mance ( tasks4 ,i h se5 m5 /rip & receive f "o to ?ree hundr$ /rokes ( ! :ip & paddle4 ,my /udies & m$itations 7 almo/ nightly int]rupt$ by ! cries ( ! victims ( cruelty & av>ice4 ,tom1 a slave ( ,col4 ,n4 obta9$ p]mission ( 8 ov]se] on ,sunday1 to visit 8 son1 on a neighbor+ plantation1 belong+ 9 "p to 8 ma/]1 b neglect$ to take a pass4 ,^u its be+ dem&$ by ! o!r ov]se]1 he repli$ t he _h p]mission to come1 & t 8 hav+ a mule 0 suffici5t evid5ce ( x1 & if he did n consid] x z su*1 he c\ld take him up4 ,! ov]se] repli$ he w\ld take him up2 giv+ him at ! same "t a bl[ on ! arm ) a /ick he held 9 8 h&1 suffici5t to lame x = "s "t4 ,! negro coll>$ him1 & ?rew him2 & on ! ov]se]'s comm&+ him to submit to be ti$ & :ipp$1 he said he w\ld n be :ipp$ by him b w\ld leave x to massa ,j4 ,!y came to massa ,j4's4 ,i 0 !re4 ,aft] ! ov]se] _h relat$ ! case z above1 he 0 blam$ = n %oot+ or /abb+ him at once4--,aft] d9n] ! negro 0 ti$1 & ! :ip giv5 to ! ov]se]1 & he us$ x ) a sev]ity t 0 %ock+4 ,i "k n h[ _m la%es 7 giv51 b f 8 %\ld]s to 8 heels !re 0 n a spot unridg$6 & at almo/ e /roke ! blood fl[$4 ,he c\ld n h receiv$ less ?an #cjj1 well laid on4 ,b 8 (f5ce 0 great1 almo/ ! greate/ kn[n1 lay+ h&s on a :ite man6 ,_h he /ruck ! ov]se]1 "u any provocation1 he w\ld h be5 9 "s way disfigur$1 p]haps by ! loss ( 8 e>s1 9 addition to a :ipp+3 or he might h be5 hung4 ,! mo/ common cause ( puni%m5ts is1 n f9i%+ tasks4 ,footnote #ad3 ,a piece ( oak timb] two & a half feet long1 flat & wide at "o end4 ,b x w\ld be t$i\s m5tion+ fur!r p>ticul>s4 ,! negro has no o!r inducem5t to "w b ! la%2 & z man nev] acts )\t motive1 ! la% mu/ be us$ s long z all o!r motives are )held4 ,h5ce corporeal puni%m5t is a necess>y "p ( slav]y4 ,puni%m5ts = runaways are usually sev]e4 ,once :ipp+ is n suffici5t4 ,i h kn[n runaways to be :ipp$ = six or sev5 nights 9 succession = "o (f5ce4 ,i h kn[n o!rs :o1 ) p9ion$ h&s1 & a *a9 ext5d+ f an iron coll> on _! neck1 to ! saddle ( _! ma/]'s horse1 h be5 driv5 at a sm>t trot1 "o or two hundr$ miles1 be+ compell$ to =d wat] c\rses1 _! driv]s1 accord+ to _! own confession1 n abat+ a :it 9 ! rapidity ( _! j\rney = ! case ( ! slave4 ,"o ti$ a kettle ( s& to 8 slave to r5d] 8 j\rney m ardu\s4 ,v>i\s are ! in/rum5ts ( torture devis$ to keep ! slave 9 subjection4 ,! /ocks are sometimes us$4 ,sometimes blocks are fill$ ) pegs & nails1 & ! slave compell$ to /& ^u !m4 ,:ile /opp+ on ! plantation ( a ,mr4 ,c4 ,i saw a :ip ) a knott$ la% ly+ on ! table1 & inquir$ ( my companion1 :o 0 also an acqua9tance ( ,mr4 ,c's1 if he us$ t to :ip 8 negroes8 ,oh1 says he1 ,mr4 ,c4 is n sev]e ) 8 h&s4 ,he nev] :ips v h>d4 ,! knots 9 ! la% are s l>ge t he does n usually draw blood 9 :ipp+ !m4 ,x 0 pr9cipally f he>+ ! conv]sation ( s\!rn m5 on ! subject1 t ,i judge ( ! cruelty t is g5]ally practic$ t[>d slaves4 ,!y w d5y t slaves are g5]ally ill treat$2 b ask !m if !y are n :ipp$ = c]ta9 (f5ces1 :i* ei!r a freeman w\ld h no temptation to commit1 or :i* w\ld n be an (f5ce 9 any b a slave1 & = non-p]=mance ( tasks1 !y w answ] promptly 9 ! affirmative4 ,& frequ5tly h ,i he>d !m excuse _! cruelty by cit+ ,mr4 ,a4 or ,mr4 ,b4 :o is a ,*ri/ian1 or ,mr4 ,c4 a prea*]1 or ,mr4 ,d4 f ! nor?1 :o drives 8 h&s tight]1 & :ips !m h>d]1 ?an we ev] d4 ,driv+ negroes to ! utmo/ ext5t ( _! ability1 ) occasionally a hundr$ la%es or m1 & a few swit*+s 9 ! field if !y hang back 9 ! driv+ seasons1 viz3 9 ! ho+ & pick+ mon?s1 is p]fectly consi/5t ) good treatm5t6 ,:ile travel+ across ! ,p59sula 9 a /age1 9 company ) a nor!rn g5tleman1 & s\!rn lady1 ( great wor? & piety1 a dispute arose respect+ ! g5]al treatm5t ( slaves1 ! g5tleman cont5d+ t _! treatm5t 0 g5]ally good--',o1 no6' int]rupt$ ! lady1 'y c "k no?+ ( ! treatm5t !y receive on ! plantations4 ,p "h d :ip ! poor negroes mo/ cruelly1 & _m half />ve !m4 ,y h nei!r ( y _h opportunity to "k sc>cely any?+ ( ! cruelties t are practic$ 9 ?is c\ntry1' & m to ! same effect4 ,i met ) sev]al o!rs1 besides ?is lady1 :o appe>$ to feel = ! s9s ( ! l&1 b !y are few & scatt]$1 & n usually ( suffici5tly /]n m\ld to )/& ! popul> wave4 ,ma/]s are n =w>d to publi% _! dome/ic regulations1 & z neighbors are usually sev]al miles ap>t1 "o's obs]vation mu/ be limit$4 ,h5ce ! few in/ances ( cruelty :i* break out c be b a fraction ( :at is practis$4 ,a plant]1 a pr(essor ( religion1 9 conv]sation ^u ! univ]sality ( :ipp+1 rem>k$ t a plant] 9 ,g--1 :o _h :ipp$ a great deal1 at l5g? got tir$ ( x1 & inv5t$ ! foll[+ excell5t me?od ( puni%m5t1 :i* ,i saw practis$ :ile ,i 0 pay+ him a visit4 ,! negro 0 plac$ 9 a sitt+ position1 ) 8 h&s made fa/ above 8 head1 & feet 9 ! /ocks1 s t he c\ld n move any "p ( ! body4 ,! ma/] retir$1 int5d+ to leave him till morn+1 b we 7 awak5$ 9 ! night by ! groans ( ! negro1 :i* 7 s doleful t we fe>$ he 0 dy+4 ,we w5t to him1 & f\nd him cov]$ ) a cold sweat1 & almo/ gone4 ,he c\ld n h liv$ an h\r long]4 ,mr4 ---- f\nd ! '/ocks' su* an effective puni%m5t1 t x almo/ sup]s$$ ! :ip4 ,h[ mu* d y give y\r nigg]s = a task :ile hoe+ cotton1 inquir$ ,mr4 ,c---- ( 8 neighbor ,mr4 ,h----4 ,h4 ,i give my m5 an acre & a qu>t]1 & my wom5 an acre4#ae ,footnote #ae3 ,cotton is plant$ 9 drills ab\t ?ree feet ap>t1 & is hill$ l corn4 ,c4 ,well1 t is a fair task4 ,nigg]s d a heap bett] if !y are drove pretty tight4 ,h4 ,o yes1 ,i h driv5 m9e into complete subord9ation4 ,:5 ,i fir/ b\ght !m !y 7 discont5t$ & wi%$ me to sell !m1 b ,i soon :ipp$ t out ( !m2 & !y n[ "w v cont5t$ly6 ,c4 ,does ,m>y keep up ) ! re/8 ,h4 ,no1 %e does'nt (t5 f9i% ! task alone1 %e has to get ,sam to help h] out aft] he has done 81 to save h] a :ipp+4 ,!re's no o!r way b to be sev]e ) !m4 ,c4 ,no o!r1 sir1 if y favor a nigg] y spoil him4 ,! :ip is consid]$ z necess>y on a plantation z ! pl\gh2 & its use is almo/ z common4 ,! negro :ip is ! common team/]'s :ip ) a black lea!r /ock1 & a %ort1 f9e1 knott$ la%4 ,! paddle is also frequ5tly us$1 sometimes ) holes bor$ 9 ! flatt5$ end4 ,! ladies 767 9 *a/is+ _! dome/ic s]vants1 g5]ally use ! c[hide4 ,i h kn[n "s use %ovel & tongs4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m common to commit !m to ! driv] to be :ipp$4 ,! mann] ( :ipp+ is z foll[s3 ,! negro is ti$ by 8 h&s1 & sometimes feet1 to a po/ or tree1 & /ripp$ to ! sk94 ,! female slave is n always ti$4 ,! numb] ( la%es dep5ds ^u ! "* = sev]ity ( ! ma/] or ov]se]4 ,ano!r in/rum5t ( torture is sometimes us$1 h[ ext5sively ,i "k n4 ,! negro1 or1 9 ! case :i* came to my k1 ! negress 0 compell$ to /& b>efoot ^u a block fill$ ) %>p pegs & nails = two or ?ree h\rs4 ,9 case ( sickness1 if ! ma/] or ov]se] ?9ks !m s]i\sly ill1 !y are tak5 c>e (1 b _! compla9ts are usually n mu* he$$4 ,a physician told me t he 0 employ$ by a plant] la/ w9t] to g to a plantation ( 8 9 ! c\ntry1 z _m ( ! negroes 7 sick4 ,says he--,i f\nd !m 9 a mo/ mis]able condition4 ,! wea!r 0 cold1 & ! negroes 7 b>efoot1 ) h>dly en\gh ( cotton clo?+ to cov] _! nak$ness4 ,^? :o _h huts to %elt] !m 7 oblig$ to build !m nights & ,sundays4 ,_m 7 sick & "s _h di$4 ,i _h ! sick tak5 to an old] plantation ( _! ma/]s1 :]e !y c\ld be made com=table1 & !y recov]$4 ,i direct$ t !y %\ld n g to "w till aft] sunrise1 & %\ld n "w 9 ! ra9 till _! heal? became e/abli%$4 ,b ! ov]se] refus+ to p]mit x1 ,i decl9$ att5d+ on !m f>!r4 ,i 0 call$1' cont9u$ he1 'by ! ov]se] ( ano!r plantation to see "o ( ! m54 ,i f\nd him ly+ by ! side ( a log 9 great pa94 ,i ask$ him h[ he did1 ',o1' says he1 ',i'm mo/ dead1 c live b little long]4' ,h[ long h y be5 sick8 ,i've felt = m ?an six weeks z ?\gh ,i c\ld h>dly /ir4' ,:y didn't y tell y\r ma/]1 y 0 sick8 ',i c\ldn't see my ma/]1 & ! ov]se] always :ips u :5 we compla91 ,i c\ld n /& a :ipp+4' ,i did all ,i c\ld = ! poor fell[1 b 8 lungs 7 rott54 ,he di$ 9 ?ree days f ! "t he left (f "w4' ,! cruelty ( t ov]se] is su* t ! negroes almo/ tremble at 8 "n4 ,yet he gets a high sal>y1 = he makes ! l>ge/ crop ( any o!r man 9 ! neighborhood1 ?\gh none b ! h>die/ negroes c /& x "u him4 ,t man1 says ! ,doctor1 w\ld be hung 9 my c\ntry4 ,he 0 a ,g]man4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,rev4 ,,william ,a4 ,,*ap94 ,,rev4 ,,william ,,scales1 ( ,lyndon1 ,v]mont1 has furni%$ ! foll[+ te/imony1 "u date ( ,dec4 #ae1 #ahch4 ,i s5d y an extract f a lett] t ,i h j receiv$1 :i* y may use ad libitum4 ,! lett] is f ,rev4 ,wm4 ,a4 ,*ap91 ,gre5sbor\gh1 ,v]mont4 ,to "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,c4 8 op9ion & /atem5ts mu/ c>ry conviction ev5 to ! mo/ ob/9ate & incr$ul\s4 ,he obs]ves1 ',i resid$1 z a tea*]1 ne>ly two ye>s 9 ! family ( ,c>roll ,webb1 ,esq41 ( ,hamp/ead1 ,new ,k5t co4 ab\t tw5ty miles f ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia4 ,mr4 ,webb _h ?ree or f\r plantations1 & 0 consid]$ "o ( ! two weal?ie/ m5 9 ! c\nty3 x 0 suppos$ he own$ ab\t two hundr$ slaves4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 & 0 elect$ an eld] :ile ,i 0 ) him4 ,he 0 a native ( ,virg9ia1 b a graduate ( a ,new-,engl& college4 ,! slaves 7 call$ 9 ! morn+ be=e daylight1 ,i believe at all seasons ( ! ye>1 t !y might prep>e _! food1 & be ready to g to "w z soon z x 0 light en\gh to see4 ,i "k t at ! season ( husk+ corn1 ,octob] & ,novemb]1 !y 7 usually compell$ to "w late--till #ab or #a o'clock at night4 ,i "k ?is fact because !y accompani$ _! "w ) a l\d s++ ( _! own sort4 ,i usually retir$ to re/ betwe5 #aa & #ab o'clock1 & g5]ally he>d !m at _! "w z long z ,i 0 awake4 ,! slaves liv$ 9 wret*$ log cab9s1 ( "o room ea*1 )\t floors or w9d[s4 ,i believe ! slaves sometimes suff] = want ( food4 ,"o ev5+1 z ,i 0 sitt+ 9 ! p>lor ) ,mr4 ,w4 "o ( ! mo/ resolute ( ! slaves came to ! door1 & said1 ,ma/]1 ,i am will+ to "w = y1 b ,i want some?+ to eat4 ,! only reply 01 ,cle> y\rself4 ,i le>n$ t ! slaves _h be5 )\t food all day1 because ! man :o 0 s5t to mill c\ld n obta9 8 gr9d+4 ,he w5t aga9 ! next day1 & obta9$ 8 gri/1 & ! slaves _h no food till he return$4 ,he _h to g ab\t five miles4#af ,footnote #af3 ,to ?is1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,scales adds1 ,9 famili> language1 & 9 m detail1 z ,i h le>n$ x 9 conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,*ap91 ! fact is z foll[s3-- ,mr4 ,w4 kept1 :at he call$ a 'boy1' i4e4 a man1 to g to mill4 ,x 0 8 cu/om n to give 8 slaves any?+ to eat :ile he 0 gone to mill--let him h be5 gone long] or %ort]--= ?is reason1 if he 0 lazy1 & delay$1 ! slaves w\ld become hungry3 h5ce indignant1 & abuse him--?is 0 8 puni%m5t4 ,on t occasion he w5t to mill 9 ! morn+4 ,! slaves came up at noon1 & return$ to "w )\t food4 ,at night1 aft] hav+ work$ h>d all day1 )\t food1 w5t to b$ )\t supp]4 ,ab\t #aj o'clock ! next day1 !y came up 9 a company1 to _! ma/]'s door1 7t ma/] an eld] 9 ! *ur*71 & deput$ "o m resolute ?an ! re/ to address him4 ,?is he did 9 ! mo/ respectful tones & t]ms4 ,we are will+ to "w = y1 ma/]1 b we c't "w )\t food2 we want some?+ to eat4 ,cle> y\rself1 0 ! answ]4 ,! slaves retir$2 & 9 ! morn+ 7 driv5 away to "w )\t food4 ,at noon1 ,i ?9k1 or some:at aft]1 !y 7 f$4 ,i "k ! slaves 7 sometimes sev]ely :ipp$4 ,i saw ! backs ( sev]al :i* _h num]\s sc>s1 evid5tly caus$ by long & deep lac]ations ( ! :ip2 & ,i h good reason to believe t ! slaves 7 g5]ally 9 t condition2 = ,i nev] saw ! back ( "o expos$ t 0 n ?us m>k$1--& f _! tatt]$ & scanty clo?+ _! backs 7 (t5 expos$4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,,messrs4 ,t4,d4,m4 ,,& ,f4,c4 ,,macy4 ,?is te/imony is communicat$ 9 a lett] f ,mr4 ,cyrus ,pi]ce1 a respectable & well kn[n citiz5 ( ,nantucket1 ,mass4 ,( ! witnesses1 ,messrs4 ,t4,d4,m4 & ,f4,c4 ,macy1 ,mr4 ,pi]ce says1 ,!y are bo? inhabitants ( ?is isl&1 & h resid$ at ! s\?2 !y are bo? wor?y m51 = ^: integrity & intellig5ce ,i c v\* unqualifi$ly2 ! =m] has furni%$ me ) ! foll[+ /atem5t4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahcb-c1 ,i resid$ on ! isl& ( ,/4 ,simon1 ,glynn c\nty1 ,georgia4 ,!re are sev]al ext5sive cotton plantations on ! isl&4 ,! ov]se] ( ! plantation on t "p ( ! isl& :]e ,i resid$ 0 a ,georgian--a man ( /]n "*1 & at times cruelly abusive to 8 slaves4 ,i h (t5 be5 witness ( ! abuse ( 8 p[]4 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 on ! l[ l&s1 ! cultivation is *iefly ( rice4 ,! l& :]e x is rais$ is (t5 inundat$1 & ! labor ( prep>+ x1 & rais+ a crop1 is v ardu\s4 ,m5 & wom5 are 9 ! field f e>lie/ dawn to d>k--(t5 )\t hats1 & up to _! arm-pits 9 mud & wat]4 ,at ,/4 ,simon's1 cotton 0 ! /aple article4 ,ocra1 ! driv]1 usually wait$ on ! ov]se] to receive ord]s = ! succe$+ day4 ,if any slave 0 insol5t1 or neglig5t1 ! driv] 0 au?oriz$ to puni% him ) ! :ip1 ) z _m bl[s z ! magnitude ( ! crime ju/ifi$4 ,he 0 frequ5tly caution$1 ^u ! p]il ( 8 sk91 to see t all ! negroes 7 (f to ! field 9 ! morn+4 ',ocra1' said ! ov]se]1 "o ev5+1 to ! driv]1 'if any pret5d to be sick1 s5d me ^w--all[ no lazy w5* or fell[ to skulk 9 ! negro h\se4' ,next morn+1 a few m9utes aft] ! dep>ture ( ! h&s to ! field1 ,ocra 0 se5 ha/5+ to ! h\se ( ! ov]se]4 ,he 0 soon 9 8 pres5ce4 ',well1 ,ocra1 :at n[8' ',no?+1 sir1 only ,ra*el says %e sick--c't g to de field to-day4' ',ah1 sick1 is %e8 ,i'll see to h]2 y may be (f4 ,%e %all see if ,i am long] to be fool$ ) 9 ?is way4 ,"h1 ,*ri/mas1 mix ^! salts--br+ !m to me at ! negro h\se4' ,& seiz+ 8 :ip1 he made (f to ! negro settlem5t4 ,hav+ a /rong desire to see :at w\ld be ! result1 ,i foll[$ him4 ,z ,i approa*$ ! negro h\se1 ,i he>d high words4 ,ra*el 0 /at+ h] compla9t--*ildr5 7 cry+ f fright--& ! ov]se] ?reat5+4 ,ra*el4--',i c't "w to-day--,i'm sick6' ,ov]se]4--',b y %all "w1 if y die = x4 ,"h1 take ^! salts4 ,n[ move (f--quick--let me see y\r face aga9 be=e night1 &1 by ,g--d1 y %all sm>t = x4 ,be (f--no begg+--n a ^w2'--& he dragg$ h] f ! h\se1 & foll[$ h] #bj or #cj rods1 ?reat5+4 ,! woman did n rea* ! field4 ,ov]come by ! ex]tion ( walk+1 & by agitation1 %e sunk d[n exhau/$ by ! road side--0 tak5 up1 & c>ri$ back to ! h\se1 :]e an abortion occurr$1 & h] life 0 greatly jeop>d$4 ,x 0 no uncommon sight to see a :ole family1 fa!r1 "m1 & f two to five *ildr51 collect$ toge!r ar\nd _! pigg9 ( hommony1 or pail ( potatoes1 wat*$ by ! ov]se]4 ,"o meal 0 always eat5 9 ! field4 ,no "t 0 all[$ = relaxation4 ,x 0 n unusual = a *ild ( five or six ye>s to p]=m ! (fice ( nurse--because ! "m work$ 9 a remote "p ( ! field1 & 0 n all[$ to leave h] employm5t to take c>e ( h] infant4 ,want ( prop] nutrim5t induces sickness ( ! wor/ type4 ,no matt] :at ! nature ( ! s]vice1 a peck ( corn1 dealt out on ,sunday1 mu/ supply ! dem&s ( nature = a week4 ,! ,sabba?1 on a s\!rn plantation1 is a m]e nom9al holiday4 ,! slaves are liable to be call$ ^u at all times1 by ^? :o h au?ority ov] !m4 ,:5 x ra9$1 ! slaves 7 all[$ to collect "u a tree until ! %[] _h pass$4 ,seldom1 on a week day1 7 !y p]mitt$ to g to _! huts dur+ ra92 & ev5 _h ?is privilege be5 grant$1 _m ( ^? mis]able habitations 7 9 s dilapidat$ a condition1 t !y w\ld af=d little or no protection4 ,negro huts are built ( logs1 cov]$ ) bo>ds or ?at*1 hav+ no floor+1 & b "o ap>tm5t1 s]v+ all ! purposes ( sleep+1 cook+1 c4 ,"s are furni%$ ) a tempor>y l(t4 ,i h se5 a :ole family h]d$ toge!r 9 a l(t t5 feet by twelve4 ,9 cold wea!r1 !y ga!r ar\nd ! fire1 spread _! blankets on ! gr\nd1 & keep z com=table z !y c4 ,_! supply ( clo?+ is scanty--ea* slave be+ all[$ a ,holl& coat & pantaloons1 ( ! co>se/ manufacture1 & "o pair ( c[hide %oes4 ,! wom51 en\gh ( ! same k9d ( clo? = "o frock4 ,!y h also "o pair ( %oes4 ,%oes are giv5 to ! slaves 9 ! w9t] only4 ,9 summ]1 _! clo?+ is compos$ ( osnaburgs4 ,slaves on diff]5t plantations are n all[$ )\t a writt5 p]mission1 to visit _! fell[ bondsm51 "u p5alty ( sev]e *a/isem5t4 ,i witness$ ! *a/isem5t ( a "y male slave1 :o 0 f\nd lurk+ ab\t ! plantation1 & c\ld give no o!r acc\nt ( himself1 ?an t he want$ to visit "s ( 8 acqua9tance4 ,fifty la%es 0 ! p5alty = ?is (f5ce4 ,i c\ld n endure ! dreadful %rieks ( ! tortur$ slave1 & ru%$ away front ! sc5e4 ,! rema9d] ( ?is te/imony is furni%$ by ,mr4 ,f4,c4 ,macy4 ,i w5t to ,savannah 9 #ahbj4 ,sail+ up ! riv]1 ,i _h my fir/ view ( slav]y4 ,a l>ge numb] ( m5 & wom51 ) a piece ( bo>d on _! heads1 c>ry+ mud1 = ! purpose ( dyk+1 ne> ! riv]4 ,aft] t>ry+ a :ile 9 ,savannah1 ,i w5t d[n to ! sea isl&s ( ,de ,fuskee & ,hilton ,head1 :]e ,i sp5t six mon?s4 ,negro h\ses are small1 built ( r\gh mat]ials1 & no floor4 ,_! clo?+1 7"o suit17 co>se2 :i* !y receiv$ on ,*ri/mas day4 ,_! food 0 ?ree pecks ( potatoes p] week1 9 ! potatoe season1 & "o peck ( corn ! rema9d] ( ! ye>4 ,! slaves c>ri$ ) !m into ! field _! meal1 & a g\rd ( wat]4 ,!y cook$ _! hommony 9 ! field1 & ate x ) a wood5 paddle4 ,_! treatm5t 0 little bett] ?an t ( brutes4 ,:ipp+ 0 ne>ly an e-day practice4 ,on ,mr4 ,m----'s plantation1 at ! isl& ,de ,fuskee1 ,i saw an old man :ipp$2 he 0 ab\t #fj4 ,he _h no clo?+ on1 except a %irt4 ,! man t inflict$ ! bl[s 0 ,flim1 a tall & /\t man4 ,! :ipp+ 0 v sev]e4 ,i inquir$ into ! cause4 ,"s vegetables _h be5 /ol5 f 8 ma/]'s g>d51 ( :i* he c\ld give no acc\nt4 ,i saw sev]al wom5 :ipp$1 "s ( :om 7 9 v delicate circum/ances4 ,! case ( "o ,i w relate4 ,%e _h be5 pur*as$ 9 ,*>le/on1 & sep>at$ f h] husb&4 ,on h] passage to ,savannah1 or r to ! isl&1 %e 0 deliv]$ ( a *ild2 & 9 ab\t ?ree weeks aft] ?is1 %e appe>$ to be d]ang$4 ,%e w\ld leave h] "w1 g into ! woods1 & s+4 ,h] ma/] s5t = h]1 & ord]$ ! driv] to :ip h]4 ,i 0 ne> en\gh to he> ! /rokes4 ,i h kn[n negro boys1 p>tly by p]suasion1 & p>tly by =ce1 made to /rip (f _! clo?+ & fight = ! amusem5t ( _! ma/]s4 ,!y w\ld fight until bo? got to cry+4 ,"o ( ! plant]s told me t 8 boat _h be5 us$ )\t p]mission4 ,a numb] ( 8 negroes 7 call$ up1 & put 9 a build+ t 0 la!d & %+l$4 ,! cov]+ c\ld be easily remov$ f ! inside4 ,he call$ "o out = exam9ation4 ,:ile exam9+ ?is "o1 he discov]$ ano!r negro1 com+ out ( ! ro(4 ,he ord]$ him back3 he obey$4 ,9 a few mom5ts he attempt$ x aga94 ,! ma/] took delib]ate aim at 8 head1 b 8 gun miss$ fire4 ,he told me he %\ld probably h kill$ him1 _h 8 gun gone (f4 ,! negro jump$ & run4 ,! ma/] took aim aga91 & fir$2 b he 0 s f> di/ant1 t he receiv$ only a few %ots 9 ! calf ( 8 leg4 ,aft] sev]al days he return$1 & receiv$ a sev]e :ipp+4 ,mr4 ,b----1 plant] at ,hilton ,head1 freely confess$1 t he kept "o ( 8 slaves z a mi/ress4 ,%e slept 9 ! same room ) him4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is a v common practice4 ,,te/imony ,,( ,a ,,cl]gyman4 ,! foll[+ lett] 0 writt5 to ,mr4 ,,ar?ur ,,tappan1 ( ,new ,york1 9 ! summ] ( #ahcc4 ,z ! "n ( ! writ] _c be publi%$ ) safety to himself1 x is )held4 ,! foll[+ te/imonials1 f ,mr4 ,,tappan1 ,pr(essor ,,wright1 & ,,?omas ,,ritt]1 ,m4,d4 ( ,new ,york1 e/abli% ! tru/-wor?9ess & high respectability ( ! writ]4 ,i receiv$ ! foll[+ lett]s f ! s\? dur+ ! ye> #ahcc4 ,!y 7 writt5 by a g5tleman :o _h !n resid$ "s ye>s 9 ! slave /ates4 ,n be+ at lib]ty to give ! writ]'s "n1 ,i *e]fully c]tify t he is a g5tleman ( e/abli%$ "*1 a graduate ( ,yale ,college1 & a respect$ m9i/] ( ! gospel4 ,,ar?ur ,,tappan4 ,my acqua9tance ) ! writ] ( ! foll[+ lett] comm5c$1 ,i believe1 9 #ahbc1 f :i* "t we 7 fell[ /ud5ts 9 ,yale ,college till #ahbf4 ,i h occasionally se5 him s9ce4 ,8 "*1 s f> z x has come )9 my k1 has be5 t ( an upright & rem>kably c&id man4 ,i place great confid5ce bo? 9 8 habits ( c>eful & unprejudic$ obs]vation & 8 v]acity4 ,e4 ,,wright1 jun4 ,new ,york1 ,april #ac1 #ahci4 ,i h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! writ] ( ! foll[+ lett] ab\t twelve ye>s1 & "k him to be a g5tleman ( high respectability1 integrity1 & piety4 ,we 7 fell[ /ud5ts 9 ,yale ,college1 & my opportunities = judg+ ( 8 "*1 bo? at t "t & s9ce our graduation1 h be5 su*1 t ,i feel myself fully w>rant$ 9 mak+ ! above unequivocal decl>ation4 ,,?omas ,,ritt]4 #ajd1 ,*]ry-/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,,nat*ez1 #ahcc4 ,x has be5 almo/ f\r ye>s s9ce ,i came to ! s\?-we/2 & al?\gh ,i h be5 told1 f mon? to mon?1 t ,i %\ld soon we> (f my nor!rn prejudices1 & probably h slaves ( my own1 yet my judgm5t 9 reg>d to oppression1 or my prejudices1 if !y are pleas$ s to call !m1 rema9 ) me /ill4 ,i judge /ill f ^? pr9ciples :i* 7 fix$ 9 my m9d at ! nor?2 & a resid5ce at ! s\? has n enabl$ me s to p]v]t tru?1 z to make inju/ice appe> ju/ice4 ,i h /udi$ ! /ate ( ?+s "h1 n[ = ye>s1 coolly & delib]ately1 ) ! eye ( an un9t]e/$ look] on2 & h5ce ,i may n be altoge!r unprep>$ to /ate to y "s facts1 & to draw conclusions f !m4 ,p]mit me !n to relate :at ,i h se52 & d n imag9e t ^! are all exceptions to ! g5]al treatm5t1 b r believe t ?\s&s ( cruelties are practis$ 9 ?is ,*ri/ian l&1 e ye>1 :i* no eye t ev] %$ a te> ( pity c\ld look ^u4 ,soon aft] my arrival ,i made an excursion into ! c\ntry1 to ! di/ance ( "s tw5ty miles4 ,& z ,i 0 pass+ by a cotton field1 :]e ab\t fifty negroes 7 at "w1 ,i 0 incl9$ to /op by ! road side to view a sc5e :i* 0 !n new to me4 ,:ile ,i 01 9 my m9d1 comp>+ ?is mode ( labor ) t ( my own native place1 ,i he>d ! driv]1 ) a r\gh oa?1 ord] "o t 0 ne> him1 :o seem$ to be labor+ to ! ext5t ( 8 p[]1 to lie d[n4 ,9 a mom5t he 0 obey$2 & he comm5c$ :ipp+ ! (f5d] ^u 8 nak$ back1 & cont9u$1 to ! am\nt ( ab\t tw5ty la%es1 ) a heavy raw-hide :ip1 ! crack ( :i* might h be5 he>d m ?an half a mile4 ,nor did ! females escape2 = al?\gh ,i /opp$ sc>cely fifte5 m9utes1 no less ?an ?ree 7 :ipp$ 9 ! same mann]1 & t s sev]ely1 ,i 0 /rongly incl9$ to int]f]e4 ,y may be assur$1 sir1 t ,i rema9$ n unmov$3 ,i c\ld no long] look on su* cruelty1 b turn$ away & rode on1 :ile ! e*oes ( ! la% 7 rev]b]at+ 9 ! woods ar\nd me4 ,su* sc5es h long s9ce become famili> to me4 ,b !n ! full effect 0 n lo/2 & ,i %all nev] =get1 to my late/ day1 ! m+l$ feel+s ( pity1 horror1 & indignation t took possession ( my m9d4 ,i involunt>ily exclaim$1 ,o ,god ( my fa!rs1 h[ do/ ?\ p]mit su* ?+s to defile our l&6 ,be m]ciful to u6 & visit u n 9 ju/ice1 = all our iniquities & ! iniquities ( our fa!rs6 ,z ,i pass$ on ,i soon f\nd t ,i _h escap$ f "o horrible sc5e only to witness ano!r4 ,a plant] ) :om ,i 0 well acqua9t$1 _h caught a negro )\t a pass4 ,& at ! mom5t ,i 0 pass+ by1 he 0 9 ! act ( fa/5+ 8 feet & h&s to ! trees1 hav+ previ\sly made him take (f all 8 clo?+ except 8 tr[s]s4 ,:5 he _h suffici5tly secur$ ?is poor creature1 he beat him = sev]al m9utes ) a gre5 swit* m ?an six feet long2 :ile he 0 wri?+ ) angui%1 endeavor+ 9 va9 to break ! cords ) :i* he 0 b\nd1 & incessantly cry+ out1 ,"l1 ma/]6 d p>don me ?is "t6 d1 ma/]1 h m]cy6 ,^! expressions h recurr$ to me a ?\s& times s9ce2 & al?\gh !y came f "o t is n consid]$ among ! sons ( m51 yet ,i ?9k !y are well wor?y ( remembrance1 z !y might lead a wise man to consid] :e!r su* %all receive m]cy f ! righte\s ,judge1 z nev] %[$ m]cy to _! fell[ m54 ,at l5g? ,i arriv$ at ! dwell+ ( a plant] ( my acqua9tance1 ) :om ,i pass$ ! night4 ,at ab\t eight o'clock 9 ! ev5+ ,i he>d ! b>k+ ( sev]al dogs1 m+l$ ) ! mo/ agoniz+ cries t ,i ev] he>d f any human be+4 ,soon aft] ! g5tleman came 91 & began to apologize1 by say+ t two ( 8 runaway slaves _h j be5 br\ght home2 & z he _h previ\sly tri$ e species ( puni%m5t ^u !m )\t effect1 he knew n :at else to add1 except to set 8 blood h\nds ^u !m4 ',&1' cont9u$ he1 '"o ( !m has be5 s badly bitt5 t he has be5 try+ to die4 ,i am only sorry t he did n2 = !n ,i %\ld n h be5 fur!r tr\bl$ ) him4 ,if he lives ,i int5d to s5d him to ,nat*ez or to ,new ,orleans1 to "w ) ! ball & *a94' ,f ?is la/ rem>k ,i und]/ood t private individuals h ! "r ( ?us subject+ _! unmanageable slaves4 ,i h s9ce se5 numb]s ( ^! 'ball & *a9' m51 bo? 9 ,nat*ez & ,new ,orleans1 b ,i d n "k :e!r !re 7 any among !m except ! /ate convicts4 ,z ! summ] 0 draw+ t[>ds a close1 & ! yell[ fev] beg9n+ to prevail 9 t[n1 ,i w5t to reside "s mon?s 9 ! c\ntry4 ,?is 0 ! cotton pick+ season1 dur+ :i*1 ! plant]s say1 !re is a great] necessity = flogg+ ?an at any o!r "t4 ,& ,i c assure y1 t z ,i h sat 9 my w9d[ night aft] night1 :ile ! cotton 0 be+ weigh$1 ,i h he>d ! crack ( ! :ip1 )\t mu* int]mission1 = a :ole h\r1 f no less ?an ?ree plantations1 "s ( :i* 7 a full mile di/ant4 ,i f\nd t ! slaves 7 kept 9 ! field f daylight until d>k2 & !n1 if !y _h n ga!r$ :at ! ma/] or ov]se] ?\ght suffici5t1 !y 7 subject$ to ! la%4 ,_m by su* treatm5t are induc$ to run away & take up _! lodg+ 9 ! woods4 ,i d n say t all :o run away are ?us closely press$1 b ,i d "k t _m are2 & ,i h kn[n no less ?an a doz5 des]t at a "t f ! same plantation1 9 consequ5ce ( ! ov]se]'s =c+ !m to "w to ! ext5t ( _! p[]1 & !n :ipp+ !m = n hav+ done m4 ,b suppose t !y run away--:at is to become ( !m 9 ! =e/8 ,if !y _c /eal !y mu/ p]i% ( hung]--if ! nights are cold1 _! feet w be froz52 = if !y make a fire !y may be discov]$1 & be %ot at4 ,if !y attempt to leave ! c\ntry1 _! *ance ( success is ab\t no?+4 ,!y mu/ return1 be :ipp$--if old (f5d]s1 we> ! coll>1 p]haps be br&$1 & f>e worse ?an be=e4 ,d y believe x1 sir1 n six mon?s s9ce1 ,i saw a numb] ( my ,*ri/ian neighbors pack+ up provisions1 z ,i suppos$ = a de] hunt2 b z ,i 0 ab\t (f]+ myself to ! p>ty1 ,i le>n$ t _! p[d] & balls 7 de/9$ to a v diff]5t purpose3 x 01 9 %ort1 ! design ( ! p>ty to br+ home a numb] ( runaway slaves1 or to %oot !m if !y %\ld n be able to get possession ( !m 9 any o!r way4 ,y w ask1 ,is n ?is murd]8 ,call x1 sir1 by :at "n y please1 su* are ! facts3--_m are %ot e ye>1 & t too :ile ! ma/]s say !y treat _! slaves well4 ,b let me turn y\r att5tion to ano!r species ( cruelty4 ,ab\t a ye> s9ce ,i knew a c]ta9 slave :o _h des]t$ 8 ma/]1 to be caught1 & = ! fir/ "t fa/5$ to ! /ocks4 ,9 ^? same /ocks1 f :i* at midnight ,i h he>d cries ( di/ress1 :ile ! ma/] slept1 & 0 dream+1 p]haps1 ( dr9k+ w9e & ( discuss+ ! price ( cotton4 ,on ! next morn+ he 0 *a9$ 9 an immovable po/ure1 & br&$ 9 bo? *eeks ) r$ hot /amps ( iron4 ,su* are ! t5d] m]cies ( m5 :o love weal?1 & are det]m9$ to obta9 x at any price4 ,suff] me to add ano!r to ! li/ ( enormities1 & ,i w n (f5d y ) m4 ,!re 01 "s "t s9ce1 br\ght to trial 9 ?is t[n a plant] resid+ ab\t fifte5 miles di/ant1 = :ipp+ 8 slave to dea?4 ,y w suppose1 ( c\rse1 t he 0 puni%$4 ,no1 sir1 he 0 acquitt$1 al?\gh !re c\ld be no d\bt ( ! fact4 ,i he>d ! tale ( murd] f a man :o 0 acqua9t$ ) all ! circum/ances4 ',i 01' said he1 'pass+ along ! road ne> ! bury+-gr\nd ( ! plantation1 ab\t n9e o'clock at night1 :5 ,i saw sev]al lights gleam+ ?r\gh ! woods2 & z ,i approa*$1 9 ord] to see :at 0 do+1 ,i beheld ! coron] ( ,nat*ez1 ) a numb] ( m51 /&+ ar\nd ! body ( a "y female1 :i* by ! tor*es seem$ almo/ p]fectly :ite4 ,on inquiry ,i le>n$ t ! ma/] _h s unm]cifully beat5 ?is girl t %e di$ "u ! op]ation3 & t also he _h s sev]ely puni%$ ano!r ( 8 slaves t he 0 b j alive4' ,we "h re/ ! case = ! pres5t1 s f> z respects ! pres5tation ( facts %[+ ! condition ( ! slaves1 & proce$ to consid] ! ma9 objections :i* are usually employ$ to weak5 su* te/imony1 or :olly to set x aside4 ,b be=e we ent] ^u ! exam9ation ( specific objections1 & introductory to !m1 we rem>k1-- #a4 ,t ! sy/em ( slav]y mu/ be a sy/em ( horrible cruelty1 foll[s ( necessity1 f ! fact t two millions sev5 hundr$ ?\s& human be+s are held by =ce1 & us$ z articles ( prop]ty4 ,no?+ b a heavy yoke1 & an iron "o1 c\ld possibly keep s _m necks 9 ! du/4 ,t mu/ be a con/ant & mighty pressure :i* holds s /ill su* a va/ army2 no?+ c\ld d x b ! daily exp]i5ce ( sev]ities1 & ! ceaseless dread & c]ta9ty ( ! mo/ t]rible inflictions if !y %\ld d>e to toss 9 _! *a9s4 #b4 ,7 !re no?+ else to prove x a sy/em ( mon/r\s cruelty1 ! fact t ,,fe> is ! only motive ) :i* ! slave is pli$ dur+ 8 :ole exi/5ce1 w\ld be suffici5t to br& x ) execration z ! gr& torm5tor ( man4 ,! slave's susceptibility ( pa9 is ! sole fulcrum on :i* slav]y works ! lev] t moves him4 ,9 ?is x plants all its /+s2 "h x s9ks its hot irons2 cuts its deep ga%es2 fl+s its burn+ emb]s1 & da%es its boil+ br9e & liquid fire3 into ?is x /rikes its cold fle% hooks1 grappl+ irons1 & in/rum5ts ( nameless torture2 & by x drags him %riek+ to ! end ( 8 pilgrimage4 ,! fact t ! ma/] inflicts pa9 ^u ! slave n m]ely z an end to gratify passion1 b con/antly z a means ( extort+ labor1 is en\gh ( itself to %[ t ! sy/em ( slav]y is unmix$ cruelty4 #c4 ,t ! slaves mu/ suff] frequ5t & t]rible inflictions1 foll[s inevitably f ! "* ( ^? :o direct _! labor4 ,:atev] may be ! "* ( ! slavehold]s !mselves1 all agree t ! ov]se]s are1 z a class1 mo/ ab&on$1 brutal1 & desp]ate m54 ,?is is s well kn[n & believ$ t any te/imony to prove x seems ne$less4 ,! te/imony ( ,mr4 ,,wirt1 late ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a ,virg9ian & a slavehold]1 is z foll[s4 ,9 8 life ( ,patrick ,h5ry1 p4 #cf1 speak+ ( ! diff]5t classes ( society 9 ,virg9ia1 he says1--,la/ & l[e/ a feculum1 ( be+s call$ 'ov]se]s'--! mo/ abject1 degrad$1 unpr9cipl$ race1 always cap 9 h& to ! dons :o employ !m1 & furni%+ mat]ials = ! ex]cise ( _! pride1 insol5ce1 & _s ( dom9ation4 ,rev4 ,,ph9eas ,,smi?1 ( ,c5treville1 ,new-,york1 :o has resid$ "s ye>s at ! s\?1 says ( ov]se]s-- ,x ne$ h>dly be add$ t ov]se]s are 9 g5]al ignorant1 unpr9cipl$ & cruel1 & 9 su* l[ repute t !y are n p]mitt$ to come to ! tables ( _! employ]s2 yet !y h ! con/ant control ( all ! human cattle t belong to ! ma/]4 ,^! m5 are cont9ually advanc+ f _! l[ /ation to ! high] "o ( ma/]s4 ,^! *anges br+ into ! possession ( p[] a class ( m5 ( ^: m5tal & moral qualities ,i h already spok54 ,rev4 ,,horace ,,m\lton1 ,m>lboro'1 ,massa*usetts1 :o liv$ 9 ,georgia sev]al ye>s1 says ( !m1-- ,! ov]se]s are g5]ally loose 9 _! morals2 x is ! object ( ma/]s to employ ^? :om !y ?9k w get ! mo/ "w out ( _! h&s1--h5ce ^? :o :ip & torm5t ! slaves ! mo/ are 9 _m in/ances call$ ! be/ ov]se]s4 ,! ma/]s ?9k ^? :om ! slaves fe> ! mo/ are ! be/4 ,q a portion ( ! ma/]s employ _! own slaves z ov]se]s1 or r !y are call$ driv]s2 ^! are m subject to ! w ( ! ma/]s ?an ! :ite ov]se]s are2 "s ( !m are z lordly z an ,au/rian pr9ce1 & sometimes m cruel ev5 ?an ! :ites4 ,t ! ov]se]s are1 z a body1 s5sual1 brutal1 & viol5t m5 is prov]bial4 ,! t5d] m]cies ( su* m5 mu/ be cruel4 #d4 ,! own]%ip ( human be+s necess>ily presupposes an utt] disreg>d ( _! happ9ess4 ,he :o assumes x monopolizes _! :ole capital1 leaves !m no /ock on :i* to trade1 & out ( :i* to make happ9ess4 ,:atev] is ! ma/]'s ga9 is ! slave's loss1 a loss wre/$ f him by ! ma/]1 = ! express purpose ( mak+ x 8 own ga92 ?is is ! ma/]'s con/ant employm5t--=c+ ! slave to toil--viol5tly wr++ f him all he has & all he gets1 & us+ x z 8 own2--l ! vile bird t nev] builds its ne/ f mat]ials ( its own ga!r+1 b ei!r drives o!r birds f !irs & takes possession ( !m1 or te>s !m 9 pieces to get ! means ( con/ruct+ _! own4 ,?is daily practice ( =cibly robb+ o!rs1 & habitually liv+ on ! plund]1 _c b beget 9 ! m9d ! habit ( reg>d+ ! int]e/s & happ9ess ( ^? :om x robs1 z ( no sort ( consequ5ce 9 comp>ison ) its own2 consequ5tly :5ev] ^? int]e/s & ?is happ9ess are 9 ! way ( its own gratification1 !y w be sacrific$ )\t scruple4 ,he :o _c see ?is w\ld be unable to feel x1 if x 7 se54 ,,objections ,,consid]$4 ,objection ,i--,,su* ,,cruelties ,,are ,,incr$ible4 ,! enormities inflict$ by slavehold]s ^u _! slaves w nev] be discr$it$ except by ^? :o ov]look ! simple fact1 t he :o holds human be+s z 8 bona fide prop]ty1 reg>ds !m z prop]ty1 & n z p]sons2 ?is is 8 p]man5t /ate ( m9d t[>d !m4 ,he does n contemplate slaves z human be+s1 consequ5tly does n treat !m z su*2 & ) entire indiff]5ce sees !m suff] privations & wri! "u bl[s1 :i*1 if inflict$ ^u :ites1 w\ld fill him ) horror & indignation4 ,he reg>ds t z good treatm5t ( slaves1 :i* w\ld seem to him insuff]able abuse if practic$ ^u o!rs2 & w\ld d5\nce t z a mon/r\s outrage & horrible cruelty1 if p]pretat$ ^u :ite m5 & wom51 :i* he sees e day met$ out to black slaves1 )\t p]haps ev] ?9k+ x cruel4 ,accu/om$ all 8 life to reg>d !m r z dome/ic animals1 to he> !m /orm$ at1 & to see !m cuff$ & can$2 & be+ himself 9 ! con/ant habit ( treat+ !m ?us1 su* practices h become to him a m]e matt] ( c\rse1 & make no impression on 8 m9d4 ,true1 x is incr$ible t m5 %\ld treat z *attels ^? :om !y truly reg>d z human be+s2 b t !y %\ld treat z *attels & work+ animals ^? :om !y reg>d z su*1 is no m>vel4 ,! common treatm5t ( dogs1 :5 !y are 9 ! way1 is to kick !m out ( x2 we see !m e day kick$ (f ! sidewalks1 & out ( %ops1 & on ,sabba?s out ( *ur*es1--yet1 z !y are b dogs1 ^! d n /rike u z outrages2 yet1 if we 7 to see m51 wom51 & *ildr5--our neighbors & fri5ds1 kick$ out ( /ores by m]*ants1 or out ( *ur*es by ! deacons & sexton1 we %\ld call ! p]petrators inhuman wret*es4 ,we h said t slavehold]s reg>d _! slaves n z human be+s1 b z m]e work+ animals1 or m]*&ise4 ,! :ole vocabul>y ( slavehold]s1 _! laws1 _! usages1 & _! entire treatm5t ( _! slaves fully e/abli% ?is4 ,! same t]ms are appli$ to slaves t are giv5 to cattle4 ,!y are call$ /ock4 ,s :5 ! *ildr5 ( slaves are spok5 ( prospectively1 !y are call$ _! increase2 ! same t]m t is appli$ to flocks & h]ds4 ,s ! female slaves t are mo!rs1 are call$ bre$]s till pa/ *ild be>+2 & (t5 ! same t]ms are appli$ to ! diff]5t sexes t are appli$ to ! males & females among cattle4 ,^? :o compel ! labor ( slaves & cattle h ! same appellation1 driv]s3 ! names :i* !y call !m are ! same & simil> to ^? giv5 to _! horses & ox54 ,! laws ( slave /ates make !m prop]ty1 equally ) goats & sw9e2 !y are levi$ ^u = debt 9 ! same way2 !y are includ$ 9 ! same adv]tisem5ts ( public sales ) cattle1 sw9e1 & asses2 :5 mov$ f "o "p ( ! c\ntry to ano!r1 !y are h]d$ 9 droves l cattle1 & l !m urg$ on by driv]s2 _! labor is compell$ 9 ! same way4 ,!y are b\ght & sold1 & sep>at$ l cattle3 :5 expos$ = sale1 _! good qualities are describ$ z jockies %[ (f ! good po9ts ( _! horses2 _! /r5g?1 activity1 skill1 p[] ( endurance1 c4 are laud$1--& ^? :o bid ^u !m exam9e _! p]sons1 j z pur*as]s inspect horses & ox52 !y op5 _! m\?s to see if _! tee? are s\nd2 /rip _! backs to see if !y are badly sc>r$1 & h&le _! limbs & muscles to see if !y are firmly knit4 ,l horses1 !y are w>rant$ to be s\nd1 or to be return$ to ! own] if uns\nd4 ,a fa!r gives 8 son a horse & a slave2 by 8 w he di/ributes among !m 8 race-horses1 h\nds1 game-cocks1 & slaves4 ,we leave ! read] to c>ry out ! p>allel :i* we h only begun4 ,its details w\ld cov] _m pages4 ,t slavehold]s d n practically reg>d slaves z human be+s is abundantly %[n by _! own volunt>y te/imony4 ,9 a rec5t "w entitl$1 ,! ,s\? v9dicat$ f ! ,treason & ,fanaticism ( ,nor!rn ,abolitioni/s1 :i* 0 writt51 we are in=m$1 by ,colonel ,dayton1 late memb] ( ,congress f ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 ! writ]1 speak+ ( ! awe ) :i* ! slaves reg>d ! :ites1 says1-- ,! nor!rn] looks ^u a b& ( negroes z ^u s _m m51 b ! plant] or s\!rn] views !m 9 a v diff]5t light4 ,extract f ! spee* ( ,mr4 ,,summ]s1 ( ,virg9ia1 9 ! legislature ( t /ate1 ,jan4 #bf1 #ahcb4 ,see ! ,ri*mond ,:ig4 ,:51 9 ! sublime lessons ( ,*ri/ianity1 he 7! slavehold]7 is taught to 'd unto o!rs z he w\ld h o!rs d unto him1' ,,he ,,nev] ,,dreams ,,t ,,! ,,degrad$ ,,negro ,,is ,,)9 ,,! ,,pale ,,( ,,t ,,holy ,,canon4 ,,presid5t ,,jeff]son1 9 8 lett] to ,,gov]nor ,,coles1 ( ,ill9ois1 dat$ ,aug4 #be1 #ahad1 ass]ts1 t slavehold]s reg>d _! slaves z brutes1 9 ! foll[+ rem>kable language4 ,nurs$ & educat$ 9 ! daily habit ( see+ ! degrad$ condition1 bo? bodily & m5tal1 ( ^! un=tunate be+s ! slaves1 ,,few ,,m9ds ,,h ,,yet ,,d\bt$ ,,b ,,t ,,!y ,,7 ,,z ,,legitimate ,,subjects ,,( ,,prop]ty ,,z ,,_! ,,horses ,,or ,,cattle4 ,hav+ %[n t slavehold]s reg>d _! slaves z m]e work+ animals & cattle1 we n[ proce$ to %[ t _! actual treatm5t ( !m1 is worse ?an x w\ld be if !y 7 brutes4 ,we repeat x1 ,,slavehold]s ,,treat ,,_! ,,slaves ,,worse ,,?an ,,!y ,,d ,,_! ,,brutes4 ,:oev] he>d ( c[s or %eep be+ delib]ately ti$ up & beat5 & lac]at$ till !y di$8 or horses coolly tortur$ by ! h\r1 till cov]$ ) mangl$ fle%1 or ( sw9e hav+ _! legs ti$ & be+ susp5d$ f a tree & lac]at$ ) ?ongs = h\rs1 or ( h\nds /ret*$ & made fa/ at full l5g?1 flay$ ) :ips1 r$ pepp] rubb$ into _! ble$+ ga%es1 & hot br9e da%$ on to aggravate ! torture8 ,yet j su* =ms & degrees ( torture are daily p]petrat$ ^u ! slaves4 ,n[ no man t kn[s human nature w m>vel at ?is4 ,?\gh great cruelties h always be5 inflict$ by m5 ^u brutes1 yet incomp>ably ! mo/ horrid ev] p]petrat$1 h be5 ^? ( m5 ^u _! own species4 ,any leaf ( hi/ory turn$ ov] at r&om has pro( en\gh ( ?is4 ,e reflect+ m9d p]ceives t :5 m5 hold human be+s z prop]ty1 !y mu/1 f ! nature ( ! case1 treat !m worse ?an !y treat _! horses & ox54 ,x is impossible = cattle to excite 9 m5 su* tempe/s ( fury z m5 excite 9 ea* o!r4 ,m5 are (t5 provok$ if _! horses or h\nds refuse to d1 or _! pigs refuse to g :]e !y wi% to drive !m1 b ! feel+ is r>ely int5se & nev] p]man5t4 ,x is vexation & impati5ce1 r ?an settl$ rage1 malignity1 or rev5ge4 ,if horses & dogs 7 intellig5t be+s1 & /ill held z prop]ty1 _! opposition to ! wi%es ( _! own]s1 w\ld exasp]ate !m immeasurably m ?an x w\ld be possible = !m to d1 ) ! m9ds ( brutes4 ,none b little *ildr5 & idiots get angry at /icks & /ones t lie 9 _! way or hurt !m2 b put into /icks & /ones intellig5ce1 & w1 & p[] ( feel+ & motion1 :ile !y rema9 z n[1 articles ( prop]ty1 & :at a t[]+ rage w\ld m5 be 91 if bu%es :ipp$ !m 9 ! face :5 !y walk$ among !m1 or /ones roll$ ov] _! toes :5 !y climb$ hills6 & :at exempl>y v5geance w\ld be inflict$ ^u door-/eps & he>?-/ones1 if !y 7 to move out ( _! places1 in/ead ( ly+ /ill :]e !y 7 put = _! own]s to tread ^u4 ,! greate/ provocation to human nature is opposition to its w4 ,if a man's w be resi/$ by "o f> bel[ him1 ! provocation is va/ly great]1 ?an :5 x is resi/$ by an ackn[l$g$ sup]ior4 ,9 ! =m] case1 x inflames /rong passions1 :i* 9 ! latt] lie dormant4 ,! rage ( pr\d ,haman knew no b\nds aga9/ ! poor ,jew :o w\ld n d z he wi%$1 & s he built a gall[s = him4 ,if ! p]son oppos+ ! w ( ano!r1 be s f> bel[ him z to be on a level ) *attels1 & be actually held & us$ z an article ( prop]ty2 pride1 scorn1 lu/ ( p[]1 rage & rev5ge explode toge!r ^u ! hapless victim4 ,! idea ( prop]ty hav+ a w1 & t too 9 opposition to ! w ( its own]1 & c\nt]act+ x1 is a /imulant ( t]rible p[] to ! mo/ rel5tless human passions & f ! nature ( slav]y1 & ! con/itution ( ! human m9d1 ?is fi]ce /imulant mu/1 ) v>i\s degrees ( /r5g?1 act ^u slavehold]s almo/ )\t ceas+4 ,! slave1 h[ev] abject & cru%$1 is an intellig5t be+3 he has a w1 & t w _c be annihilat$1 x w %[ itself2 if = a mom5t x is smo!r$1 l p5t up fires :5 v5t is f\nd1 x flames ! fi]c]4 ,make intellig5ce prop]ty1 & its manag] w h 8 mat*2 he is met at e turn by an oppos+ w1 n 9 ! =m ( d[n-"r rebellion & defiance1 b yet1 visibly1 an ev]-oppos+ w4 ,he sees x 9 ! dissatisfi$ look1 & reluctant air & unwill+ movem5t2 ! con/ra9$ /rokes ( labor1 ! drawl+ tones1 ! sl[ he>+1 ! feign$ /upidity1 ! %am pa9s & sickness1 ! %ort memory2 & he feels x e h\r1 9 innum]able =ms1 fru/rat+ 8 designs by a ceaseless ?\gh p]haps invisible c\nt]m9+4 ,?is unceas+ opposition to ! w ( its 'own]1' on ! "p ( 8 rational 'prop]ty1' is to ! slavehold] z ! hot iron to ! n]ve4 ,he raves "u x1 & /orms1 & gna%es1 & smites2 b ! m he smites1 ! hott] x gets1 & ! m x burns him4 ,fur!r1 ?is opposition ( ! slave's w to 8 own]'s1 n only excites him to sev]ity1 t he may gratify 8 rage1 b makes x necess>y = him to use viol5ce 9 break+ d[n ?is resi/ance--?us subject+ ! slave to additional tortures4 ,!re is ano!r inducem5t to cruel inflictions ^u ! slave1 & a necessity = x1 :i* does n exi/ 9 ! case ( brutes4 ,(f5d]s mu/ be made an example to o!rs1 to /rike !m ) t]ror4 ,if a slave runs away & is caught1 8 ma/] flogs him ) t]rible sev]ity1 n m]ely to gratify 8 res5tm5t1 & to keep him f runn+ away aga91 b z a w>n+ to o!rs4 ,s 9 e case ( disob$i5ce1 neglect1 /ubbornness1 unfai?fulness1 indol5ce1 insol5ce1 !ft1 feign$ sickness1 :5 8 directions are =gott51 or slight$1 or suppos$ to be1 or 8 wi%es cross$1 or 8 prop]ty injur$1 or left expos$1 or 8 "w ill-execut$1 ! ma/] is tempt$ to inflict cruelties1 n m]ely to wreak 8 own v5geance ^u him1 & to make ! slave m circumspect 9 future1 b to su/a9 8 au?ority ov] ! o!r slaves1 to re/ra9 !m f l practices1 & to pres]ve 8 own prop]ty4 ,a multitude ( facts1 illu/rat+ ! position t slavehold]s treat _! slaves worse ?an !y d _! cattle1 w occur to all :o are famili> ) slav]y4 ,:5 cattle break ?r\gh _! own]s' inclosures & escape1 if f\nd1 !y are driv5 back & fa/5$ 9 aga92 & ev5 slavehold]s w\ld execrate z a wret*1 ! man :o %\ld tie !m up1 & bruise & lac]ate !m = /ray+ away2 b :5 slaves t h escap$ are caught1 !y are flogg$ ) ! mo/ t]rible sev]ity4 ,:5 h]ds ( cattle are driv5 to m>ket1 !y are suff]$ to g 9 ! easie/ way1 ea* by himself2 b :5 slaves are driv5 to m>ket1 !y are fa/5$ toge!r ) h&cuffs1 gall$ by iron coll>s & *a9s1 & ?us =c$ to travel on foot hundr$s ( miles1 sleep+ at night 9 _! *a9s4 ,%eep1 & sometimes horn$ cattle are m>k$ ) _! own]s' initials--b ?is is g5]ally done ) pa9t1 & ( c\rse produces no pa94 ,slaves1 too1 are (t5 m>k$ ) _! own]s' initials1 b ! lett]s are /amp$ into _! fle% ) a hot iron4 ,cattle are suff]$ to graze _! pa/ures )\t /9t2 b ! slaves are re/ra9$ 9 _! food to a fix$ all[ance4 ,! slavehold]s' horses are notori\sly f> bett] f$1 m mod]ately work$1 h few] h\rs ( labor1 & long] int]vals ( re/ ?an _! slaves2 & _! valuable horses are f> m com=tably h\s$ & lodg$1 & _! /ables m effectually def5d$ f ! wea!r1 ?an ! slaves' huts4 ,we h "h m]ely begun a comp>ison1 :i* ! read] c easily c>ry out at l5g?1 f ! mat]ials furni%$ 9 ?is "w4 ,we w1 h[ev]1 subjo9 a few te/imonies ( slavehold]s1 & o!rs :o h resid$ 9 slave /ates1 expressly ass]t+ t slaves are treat$ worse ?an brutes4 ,! late ,dr4 ,,george ,,bu*anan1 ( ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&1 a memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 9 an oration deliv]$ 9 ,baltimore1 ,july #d1 #agia1 page #aj1 says3 ,! ,africans :om y despise1 :om y m inhumanly treat ?an brutes1 are equally capable ( improvem5t ) y\rselves4 ,! ,rev4 ,,george ,,:itefield1 9 8 celebrat$ lett] to ! slavehold]s ( ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 writt5 "o hundr$ ye>s ago1 7,see ,b5ezet's ,caution to ,great ,brita9 & h] ,colonies1 page #ac71 says3 ,sure ,i am1 x is s9ful to use !m z bad1 nay worse ?an if !y 7 brutes2 & :atev] p>ticul> exceptions !re may be1 7z ,i w\ld *>itably hope !re are "s7 ,i fe> ! g5]ality ( y t own negroes1 are liable to su* a *>ge4 ,mr4 ,,rice1 ( ,k5tucky 9 8 spee* 9 ! ,conv5tion t =m$ ! ,con/itution ( t /ate1 9 #agij1 says3 ,he ! slave is a rational creature1 r$uc$ by ! p[] ( legislation to ! /ate ( a brute1 & !reby depriv$ ( e privilege ( humanity4444 ,! brute may /eal or rob1 to supply 8 hung]2 b ! slave1 ?\gh 9 ! mo/ />v+ condition1 d>e n d ei!r1 on p5alty ( dea?1 or "s sev]e puni%m5t4 ,rev4 ,,horace ,,m\lton1 a m9i/] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 9 ,m>lbor\gh1 ,mass4 :o liv$ "s ye>s 9 ,georgia1 says3 ,! s\!rn horses & dogs h en\gh to eat1 & good c>e is tak5 ( !m2 b s\!rn negroes--:o c describe _! mis]y & _! wret*$ness1 _! nak$ness & _! cruel sc\rg+s6 ,none b ,god4 ,%\ld we :ip our horses z !y :ip _! slaves1 ev5 = small (f5ces1 we %\ld expose ourselves to ! p5alty ( ! law4 ,rev4 ,,ph9eas ,,smi?1 ,c5t]ville1 ,allegany c\nty1 ,new ,york1 :o has resid$ f\r ye>s 9 ! mid/ ( s\!rn slav]y-- ,av>ice & cruelty are tw9 si/]s2 & ,i d n hesitate to decl>e be=e ! _w1 z my delib]ate op9ion1 t !re is less compassion = work+ slaves at ! s\?1 ?an = work+ ox5 at ! nor?4 ,,/ev5 ,,sewall1 ,esq4 ,w9?rop1 ,ma9e1 a memb] ( ! ,congregational ,*ur*1 & late ag5t ( ! ,w9?rop ,manufactur+ ,company1 :o resid$ five ye>s 9 ,alabama1 says-- ,i d n ?9k t brutes1 n ev5 horses1 are treat$ ) s mu* cruelty z ,am]ican slaves4 ,if ! prec$+ consid]ations are insuffici5t to remove incr$ulity respect+ ! cruelties suff]$ by slaves1 & if nor!rn objectors /ill say1 ',we might believe su* ?+s ( savages1 b t civiliz$ m51 & republicans1 9 ?is ,*ri/ian c\ntry1 c op5ly & by sy/em p]petrate su* enormities1 is impossible'2--to su* we reply1 t ?is incr$ulity ( ! p ( ! free /ates1 is n only discr$itable to _! intellig5ce1 b to _! consi/5cy4 ,:o is s ignorant z n to "k1 or s incr$ul\s z to disbelieve1 t ! e>ly ,bapti/s ( ,new ,engl& 7 f9$1 imprison$1 sc\rg$1 & f9ally bani%$ by our puritan =efa!rs8--& t ! ,quak]s 7 conf9$ 9 dungeons1 publicly :ipp$ at ! c>t-tail1 _h _! e>s cut (f1 cleft /icks put ^u _! tongues1 & t five ( !m1 f\r m5 & "o woman1 7 hung on ,bo/on ,common1 = propagat+ ! s5tim5ts ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds8 ,:o discr$its ! fact1 t ! civil au?orities 9 ,massa*usetts1 less ?an a hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago1 conf9$ 9 ! public jail a little girl ( f\r ye>s old1 & publicly hung ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,burr\ghs1 & eighte5 o!r p]sons1 mo/ly wom51 & kill$ ano!r1 7,giles ,corey17 by ext5d+ him ^u 8 back1 & pil+ weights ^u 8 brea/ till he 0 cru%$ to dea? #ag--;& ?is = no o!r reason ?an t ^! m5 & wom51 & ?is little *ild1 7 accus$ by o!rs ( bewit*+ !m4 ,footnote #ag3 ,judge ,sewall1 ( ,mass4 9 8 di>y1 describ+ ?is horrible sc5e1 says t :5 ! tongue ( ! poor suff]] _h1 9 ! extremity ( 8 dy+ agony1 protrud$ f 8 m\?1 a p]son 9 att5dance took 8 cane & ?ru/ x back into 8 m\?4 ,ev5 ! *ildr5 9 ,connecticut1 "k t ! foll[+ 0 once a law ( t /ate3 ,no food or lodg+ %all be all[$ to a ,quak]4 ,if any p]son turns ,quak]1 he %all be bani%$1 & n be suff]$ to return on pa9 ( dea?4 ,^! objectors c readily believe ! fact1 t 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 less ?an a hundr$ ye>s s9ce1 ?irte5 p]sons 7 publicly burn$ to dea?1 ov] a sl[ fire3 & t ! legislature ( ! same ,/ate took "u its pat]nal c>e ! ,african slave-trade1 & decl>$ t all enc\ragem5t %\ld be giv5 to ! direct importation ( slaves2 t all smuggl+ ( slaves %\ld be condemn$1 z an em95t disc\ragem5t to ! fair trad]4 ,!y d n call 9 "q ! fact t ! ,african slave-trade 0 c>ri$ on f ! ports ( ! free /ates till )9 ?irty ye>s2 t ev5 memb]s ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds 7 actively engag$ 9 x1 %ortly be=e ! revolution>y w>2 #ah t z late z #ahjg1 no less ?an fifty-n9e ( ! vessels engag$ 9 t trade1 7 s5t out f ! little /ate ( ,rhode ,isl&1 :i* _h !n only ab\t sev5ty ?\s& inhabitants2 t among ^? mo/ l>gely engag$ 9 ^! f\l crimes1 are ! m5 :om ! p ( ,rhode ,isl& delight to honor3 t ! man :o dipp$ mo/ deeply 9 t trade ( blood 7,james ,de ,wolf17 & amass$ a mo/ pr9cely =tune by x1 0 n long s9ce _! s5ator 9 ,congress2 & ano!r1 :o 0 capta9 ( "o ( 8 vessels1 0 rec5tly ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor ( ! /ate4 ,footnote #ah3 ,see ,life & ,travels ( ,john ,woolman1 page #ib4 ,!y c believe1 too1 all ! horrors ( ! middle passage1 ! *a9s1 suffocation1 maim+s1 /rangl+s1 />vation1 dr[n+s1 & cold blood$ murd]s1 atrocities p]petrat$ on bo>d ^! slave-%ips by _! own citiz5s1 p]haps by _! own t[nsm5 & neighbors--possibly by _! own fa!rs3 b oh6 !y 'c't believe t ! slavehold]s c be s h>d-he>t$ t[>ds _! slaves z to treat !m ) great cruelty4' ,!y c believe t 8 ,hol9ess ! ,pope1 ) 8 c>d9als1 bi%ops & prie/s1 h tortur$1 brok5 on ! :eel1 & burn$ to dea? ?\s&s ( ,prote/ants--t eighty ?\s& ( ! ,anabapti/s 7 slaught]$ 9 ,g]many--t hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ! blameless ,wald5ses1 ,hugu5ots & ,loll>ds1 7 torn 9 pieces by ! mo/ titl$ dignit>ies ( *ur* & /ate1 & t almo/ e pr(ess$ly ,*ri/ian sect1 has1 at "s p]iod ( its hi/ory1 p]secut$ unto blood ^? :o diss5t$ f _! cre$4 ,!y c believe1 also1 t 9 ,bo/on1 ,new ,york1 ,utica1 ,philadelphia1 ,c9c9nati1 ,alton1 & 9 scores ( o!r cities & villages ( ! free /ates1 'g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+1' l$ on by civil (fic]s1 by memb]s ( /ate legislatures1 & ( ,congress1 by judges & attorneys-g5]al1 by editors ( newspap]s1 & by pr(ess$ m9i/]s ( ! gospel1 h organiz$ mobs1 brok5 up lawful meet+s ( peaceable citiz5s1 committ$ assault & batt]y ^u _! p]sons1 knock$ !m d[n ) /ones1 l$ !m ab\t ) ropes1 dragg$ !m f _! b$s at midnight1 gagg$ & =c$ !m into vehicles1 & driv5 !m into unfrequ5t$ places1 & !re torm5t$ & disfigur$ !m--t !y h rifl$ _! h\ses1 made bonfires ( _! furniture 9 ! /reets1 burn$ to ! gr\nd1 or torn 9 pieces ! halls or *ur*es 9 :i* !y 7 assembl$--attack$ !m ) deadly weapons1 /abb$ "s1 %ot o!rs1 & kill$ "o4 ,!y c believe all ?is--& fur!r1 t a majority ( ! citiz5s 9 ! places :]e ^! outrages h be5 committ$1 conniv$ at !m2 & by refus+ to indict ! p]petrators1 or1 if !y 7 indict$1 by comb9+ to secure _! acquittal1 & rejoic+ 9 x1 h publicly adopt$ ^! felonies z _! own4 ,all ^! ?+s !y c believe )\t hesitation1 & t !y h ev5 be5 done by _! own acqua9tances1 neighbors1 relatives2 p]haps ^? ) :om !y int]*ange c\rtesies1 ^? = :om !y vote1 or to ^: sal>ies !y contribute--b yet1 oh6 !y c nev] believe t slavehold]s inflict cruelties ^u _! slaves6 ,!y c give full cr$5ce to ! kidnapp+1 imprisonm5t1 & delib]ate murd] ( ,,william ,,morgan1 & t by m5 ( high /&+ 9 society2 !y c believe t ?is de$ 0 aid$ & abett$1 & ! murd]]s scre5$ f ju/ice1 by a l>ge numb] ( influ5tial p]sons1 :o 7 virtually accomplices1 ei!r be=e or aft] ! fact2 & t ?is comb9ation 0 s effectual1 z successfully to defy & triumph ov] ! comb9$ p[]s ( ! gov]nm5t2--yet t ^? :o con/antly rob m5 ( _! "t1 lib]ty1 & wages1 & all _! rights1 %\ld rob !m ( bits ( fle%1 & occasionally ( a too?1 make _! backs ble$1 & put fett]s on _! legs1 is too mon/r\s to be cr$it$6 ,fur!r ^! same p]sons1 :o 'c't believe' t slavehold]s are s iron-he>t$ z to ill-treat _! slaves1 believe t ! v elite ( ^! slavehold]s1 ^? mo/ highly e/eem$ & honor$ among !m1 are cont9ually d>+ ea* o!r to mortal conflict1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( mutual fri5ds1 tak+ deadly aim at ea* o!r's he>ts1 ) settl$ purpose to kill1 if possible4 ,t among ! mo/ di/+ui%$ gov]nors ( slave /ates1 among _! mo/ celebrat$ judges1 s5ators1 & repres5tatives 9 ,congress1 !re is h>dly "o1 :o has n ei!r kill$1 or tri$ to kill1 or aid$ & abett$ 8 fri5ds 9 try+ to kill1 "o or m individuals4 ,t pi/ols1 dirks1 b[ie knives1 or o!r in/rum5ts ( dea? are g5]ally c>ri$ ?r\gh\t ! slave /ates--& t deadly affrays ) !m1 9 ! /reets ( _! cities & villages1 are matt]s ( daily occurr5ce2 t ! sons ( slavehold]s 9 s\!rn colleges1 bully1 ?reat51 & fire ^u _! tea*]s1 & _! tea*]s ^u !m2 t dur+ ! la/ summ]1 9 ! mo/ celebrat$ seat ( sci5ce & lit]ature 9 ! s\?1 ! ,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia1 ! pr(essors 7 attack$ by m ?an sev5ty arm$ /ud5ts1 &1 9 ! words ( a ,virg9ia pap]1 7 oblig$ 'to conceal !mselves f _! fury2' also t almo/ all ! riots & viol5ce t occur 9 nor!rn colleges1 are produc$ by ! turbul5ce & lawless passions ( s\!rn /ud5ts4 ,t su* are ! furi\s passions ( slavehold]s1 no consid]ations ( p]sonal respect1 none = ! proprieties ( life1 none = ! honor ( our national legislature1 none = ! "* ( our c\ntry abroad1 c re/ra9 ! slavehold+ memb]s ( ,congress f ! mo/ disgraceful p]sonal enc\nt]s on ! floor ( our nation's legislature--smit+ _! fi/s 9 ea* o!r's faces1 ?rottl+ & ev5 kick+ & try+ to g\ge ea* o!r--t dur+ ! session ( ! ,congress j clos$1 no less ?an six slavehold]s1 tak+ fire at words spok5 9 debate1 h ei!r ru%$ at ea* o!r's ?roats1 or kick$1 or /ruck1 or attempt$ to knock ea* o!r d[n2 & t 9 all ^! in/ances1 !y w\ld d\btless h kill$ ea* o!r1 if _! fri5ds _h n sep>at$ !m4 ,fur!r1 !y "k full well1 ^! 7 n insignificant1 vulg> blackgu>ds1 elect$ because !y 7 ! head bullies & bottle-hold]s 9 a box+ r+1 or because _! con/itu5ts w5t drunk to ! ballot box2 b !y 7 "s ( ! mo/ conspicu\s memb]s ( ! ,h\se--"o ( !m a =m] speak]4 ,our newspap]s are full ( ^! & simil> daily occurr5ces among slavehold]s1 copi$ v]batim f _! own acc\nts ( !m 9 _! own pap]s & all ?is we fully cr$it2 no man is simpleton en\gh to cry out ',oh1 ,i c't believe t slavehold]s d su* ?+s2'--& yet :5 we turn to ! treatm5t :i* ^! m5 mete out to _! slaves1 & %[ t !y are 9 ! habitual practice ( /rik+1 kick+1 knock+ d[n & %oot+ !m z well z ea* o!r--! look ( blank incr$ulity t comes ov] nor!rn d\gh-faces1 is a /udy = a pa9t]3 & !n ! s5tim5tal outcry1 ) eyes & h&s uplift$1 ',oh1 inde$1 ,i c't believe ! slavehold]s are s cruel to _! slaves4' ,mo/ amiable & t\*+ *>ity6 ,truly1 ( all ,yankee notions & free /ate products1 !re is no?+ l a 'd\gh face'--! great nor!rn /aple = ! s\!rn m>ket--'made to ord]1' 9 any quantity1 & always on h&4 ',d\gh faces6' ,?anks to a slavehold]'s contempt = ! "n1 ) its immortality ( tru?1 infamy & scorn4#ai ,footnote #ai3 ,doe face1 :i* owes its pat]nity to ,john ,r&olph1 age has mell[$ into d\gh face--a cognom5 q z expressive & appropriate1 if n z classical4 ,?\gh ! p ( ! free /ates affect to disbelieve ! cruelties p]petrat$ ^u ! slaves1 yet slavehold]s believe ea* o!r guilty ( !m1 & speak ( !m ) ! utmo/ fre$om4 ,if slavehold]s disbelieve any /atem5t ( cruelty inflict$ ^u a slave1 x is n on acc\nt ( its enormity4 ,! travel] at ! s\? w he> 9 ,delaw>e1 & 9 all p>ts ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 f ! lips ( slavehold]s1 /atem5ts ( ! mo/ horrible cruelties suff]$ by ! slaves f>!r s\?1 9 ! ,c>ol9as & ,georgia2 :5 he f9ds himself 9 ^? /ates he w he> simil> acc\nts ab\t ! treatm5t ( ! slaves 9 ,florida & ,l\isiana2 & 9 ,miss\ri1 ,k5tucky1 & ,t5nessee he w he> ( ! trag$ies enact$ on ! plantations 9 ,arkansas1 ,alabama & ,mississippi4 ,s9ce ,anti-,slav]y ,societies h be5 9 op]ation1 & slavehold]s h f\nd !mselves on trial be=e ! _w1 & put ^u _! good behavior1 nor!rn slavehold]s h gr[n cauti\s1 & n[ (t5 sub/itute d5ials & set def5ces1 = ! volunt>y te/imony ab\t cruelty 9 ! f> s\?1 :i*1 be=e t p]iod1 0 giv5 ) entire fre$om4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 occasionally ! 'tru? w out1' z ! read] w see by ! foll[+ te/imony ( an ,ea/ ,t5nessee newspap]1 9 :i*1 speak+ ( ! droves ( slaves tak5 f ! upp] c\ntry to ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 ,l\isiana1 etc41 ! editor says1 !y are 'travel+ to a region :]e _! condition ?r\gh "t ,,w ,,be ,,second ,,only ,,to ,,t ,,( ,,! ,,wret*$ ,,creatures ,,9 ,,hell4' ,see ,m>yville ,intellig5c]1 ( ,oct1 #d1 #ahce4 ,di/ant cruelties & cruelties long pa/1 h be5 till rec5tly1 favorite topics ) slavehold]s4 ,!y h n only be5 ready to ackn[l$ge t _! fa!rs h ex]cis$ great cruelty t[>d _! slaves1 b h volunt>ily1 9 _! (ficial acts1 made proclamation ( x & ent]$ x on _! public records4 ,! ,legislature ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 #agih1 br&$ ! successive legislatures ( t /ate = m ?an ?irty ye>s previ\s1 ) ! infamy ( treatm5t t[>ds _! slaves1 :i* !y pron\nce to be 'disgraceful to humanity1 & degrad+ 9 ! highe/ degree to ! laws & pr9ciples ( a free1 ,*ri/ian1 & enlight5$ c\ntry4' ,?is treatm5t 0 ! enactm5t & p]petuation ( a mo/ b>b>\s & cruel law4 ,b en\gh4 ,z ! objector c & does believe all ! prece$+ facts1 if he /ill 'c't believe' z to ! cruelties ( slavehold]s1 x w\ld be b>b>\s to tantalize 8 incapacity ei!r ) evid5ce or argum5t4 ,let him h ! b5efit ( ! act 9 su* case made & provid$4 ,hav+ %[n t ! incr$ulity ( ! objector respect+ ! cruelty inflict$ ^u ! slaves1 is discr$itable to 8 consi/5cy1 we n[ proce$ to %[ t x is equally s to 8 intellig5ce4 ,:oev] disbelieves ! =ego+ /atem5ts ( cruelties1 on ! gr\nd ( _! enormity1 proclaims 8 own ignorance ( ! nature & hi/ory ( man4 ,:at6 incr$ul\s ab\t ! atrocities p]petrat$ by ^? :o hold human be+s z prop]ty1 to be us$ = _! pleasure1 :5 hi/ory h]self has done little else 9 record+ human de$s1 ?an to dip h] blank *>t 9 ! blood %$ by arbitr>y p[]1 & unfold to human gaze ! great r$ scroll8 ,t cruelty is ! natural effect ( arbitr>y p[]1 has be5 ! result ( all exp]i5ce1 & ! voice ( univ]sal te/imony s9ce ! _w began4 ,%all human nature's axioms1 six ?\s& ye>s old1 g = no?+8 ,are ! comb9$ product ( human exp]i5ce1 & ! concurr5t records ( human "*1 to be set d[n z 'old wives' fables8' ,to disbelieve t arbitr>y p[] naturally & habitually p]petrates cruelties1 :]e x c d x ) impunity1 is n only ignorance ( man1 b ( ?+s4 ,x is to be bl9d to innum]able pro(s :i* are be=e e man's eyes2 pro(s t are /]eotyp$ 9 ! v words & phrases t are on e "o's lips4 ,take = example ! words despot & despotic4 ,despot1 signifies etymologically1 m]ely "o :o possesses arbitr>y p[]1 & at fir/1 x 0 us$ to designate ^? alone :o possess$ unlimit$ p[] ov] human be+s1 entirely irrespective ( ! way 9 :i* !y ex]cis$ x1 :e!r m]cifully or cruelly4 ,b ! fact1 t ^? :o possess$ su* p[]1 made _! subjects _! victims1 has wr\ght a total *ange 9 ! popul> mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,x n[ signifies1 9 common p>lance1 n "o :o possesses unlimit$ p[] ov] o!rs1 b "o :o ex]cises ! p[] t he has1 :e!r little or mu*1 cruelly4 ,s despotic1 in/ead ( mean+ :at x once did1 some?+ p]ta9+ to ! possession ( unlimit$ p[]1 signifies some?+ p]ta9+ to ! caprici\s1 unm]ciful & rel5tless ex]cise ( su* p[]4 ,! ^w tyrant1 is ano!r example--=m]ly x impli$ m]ely a possession ( arbitr>y p[]1 b f ! inv>iable abuse ( su* p[] by its possessors1 ! prop] & entire mean+ ( ! ^w is lo/1 & x n[ signifies m]ely "o :o ex]cises p[] to ! injury ( o!rs4 ,! words tyrannical & tyranny foll[ ! same analogy4 ,s ! ^w arbitr>y2 :i* =m]ly impli$ t :i* p]ta9s to ! w ( "o1 indep5d5tly ( o!rs2 b f ! fact t ^? :o _h no re/ra9t ^u _! wills1 7 inv>iably caprici\s1 unreasonable & oppressive1 ^! words convey accurately ! pres5t s5se ( arbitr>y1 :5 appli$ to a p]son4 ,h[ c ! objector p]si/ 9 disbeliev+ t cruelty is ! natural effect ( arbitr>y p[]1 :5 ! v words ( e day1 rise up on 8 lips 9 te/imony aga9/ him--words :i* once signifi$ ! m]e possession ( arbitr>y p[]1 b h lo/ _! mean+1 & n[ signify m]ely its cruel ex]cise2 because su* a use ( x has be5 prov$ by ! exp]i5ce ( ! _w1 to be insep>able f its possession--words n[ frigid ) horror1 & nev] us$ ev5 by ! objector )\t feel+ a cold *ill run ov] him4 ,arbitr>y p[] is to ! m9d :at alcohol is to ! body2 x intoxicates4 ,man loves p[]4 ,x is p]haps ! /ronge/ human passion2 & ! m absolute ! p[]1 ! /rong] ! desire = x2 & ! m x is desir$1 ! m its ex]cise is enjoy$3 ?is enjoym5t is to human nature a fe>ful temptation1--g5]ally an ov]mat* = x4 ,h5ce x is true1 ) h>dly an exception1 t arbitr>y p[] is abus$ 9 proportion z x is desir$4 ,! fact t a p]son int5sely desires p[] ov] o!rs1 )\t re/ra9t1 %[s ! absolute necessity ( re/ra9t4 ,:at woman w\ld m>ry a man :o made x a condition t he %\ld h ! p[] to divorce h] :5ev] he pleas$8 ,oh6 he might nev] wi% to ex]cise x1 b ! p[] he w\ld h6 ,no woman1 n />k mad1 w\ld tru/ h] happ9ess 9 su* h&s4 ,w\ld a fa!r appr5tice 8 son to a ma/]1 :o insi/$ t 8 p[] ov] ! lad %\ld be absolute8 ,! ma/] might p]haps1 nev] wi% to commit a batt]y ^u ! boy1 b if he %\ld1 he insi/s ^u hav+ full sw+6 ,he :o w\ld leave 8 son 9 !1 clut*es ( su* a wret*1 w\ld be bl$ & bli/]$ = a lunatic z soon z 8 fri5ds c\ld get _! h&s ^u him4 ,! possession ( p[]1 ev5 :5 greatly re/ra9$1 is su* a fi]y /imulant1 t its lodgem5t 9 human h&s is always p]il\s4 ,give m5 ! h&l+ ( imm5se sums ( money1 & all ! eyes ( ,argus & ! h&s ( ,bri>cus c h>dly prev5t embezzlem5t4 ,! mutual & ceaseless accusations ( ! two great political p>ties 9 ?is c\ntry1 %[ ! univ]sal belief t ?is t5d5cy ( human nature to abuse p[]1 is s /rong1 t ev5 ! mo/ p[]ful legal re/ra9ts are insuffici5t = its safe cu/ody4 ,f congress & /ate legislatures d[n to grog-%op caucuses & /reet wrangl+s1 ea* p>ty keeps up an incessant d9 ab\t abuses ( p[]4 ,h>dly an (fic]1 ei!r ( ! g5]al or /ate gov]nm5ts1 f ! ,presid5t d[n to ! t5 ?\s& po/ma/]s1 & f gov]nors to ! fifty ?\s& con/ables1 escapes ! *>ge ( 'abuse ( p[]4' ',oppression1' ',extortion1' ',v5ality1' ',brib]y1' ',corruption1' ',p]jury1' ',misrule1' ',spoils1' ',defalcation1' /& on e newspap]4 ,n[ )\t any e/imate ( ! lies told 9 ^! mutual *>ges1 !re is tru? en\gh to make ea* p>ty ready to believe ( ! o!r1 & ( _! be/ m5 too1 any abuse ( p[]1 h[ev] mon/r\s4 ,z is ! ,/ate1 s is ! ,*ur*4 ,f ,g5]al ,conf]5ces to circuit prea*]s2 & f ,g5]al ,assemblies to *ur* sessions1 abuses ( p[] spr+ up z we$s f ! dunghill4 ,all legal re/ra9ts are fram$ ^u ! presumption1 t m5 w abuse _! p[] if n hemm$ 9 by !m4 ,?is lies at ! bottom ( all ^? *ecks & balances contriv$ = keep+ gov]nm5ts ^u _! c5tres4 ,if !re is among human convictions "o t is inv>iable & univ]sal1 x is1 t :5 m5 possess unre/ra9$ p[] ov] o!rs1 ov] _! "t1 *oice1 consci5ce1 p]sons1 votes1 or means ( subsi/5ce1 !y are "u great temptations to abuse x2 & t ! int5sity ) :i* su* p[] is desir$1 g5]ally measures ! c]ta9ty & ! degree ( its abuse4 ,t ,am]ican slavehold]s possess a p[] ov] _! slaves :i* is virtually absolute1 none w d5y4#bj ,t !y desire ?is absolute p[]1 is %[n f ! fact ( _! hold+ & ex]cis+ x1 & mak+ laws to confirm & enl>ge x4 ,t ! desire to possess ?is p[]1 e tittle ( x1 is int5se1 is prov$ by ! fact1 t slavehold]s cl+ to x ) su* ob/9ate t5acity1 z well z by all _! do+s & say+s1 _! ?reats1 curs+s & gna%+s aga9/ all :o d5\nce ! ex]cise ( su* p[] z usurpation & outrage1 & c\nsel its imm$iate abrogation4 ,footnote #bj3 ,! foll[+ extracts f ! laws ( slave-/ates are pro(s suffici5t4 ,! slave is ,,entirely subject to ! ,,w ( 8 ma/]4--,l\isiana ,civil ,code1 ,art4 #bgc4 ,slaves %all be deem$1 sold1 tak51 reput$ & adjudg$ 9 law to be *attels p]sonal1 9 ! h&s ( _! own] & possessors1 & _! executors1 adm9i/rators & assigns1 ,,to ,,all ,,int5ts1 ,,con/ructions1 ,,& ,,purposes1 ,,:atsoev]4--,laws ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #b ,brev4 ,dig4 #bbi2 ,pr9ce's ,dige/1 #ddf1 c4 ,f ! nature ( ! case--f ! laws ( m9d1 su* p[]1 s int5sely desir$1 grip$ ) su* a dea?-clut*1 & ) su* fi]ce spurn+s ( all curtailm5t or re/ra9t1 _c b be abus$4 ,privations & inflictions mu/ be its natural1 habitual products1 ) ev] & anon1 t]ror1 torture1 & despair let loose to d _! wor/ ^u ! helpless victims4 ,?\gh p[] ov] o!rs is 9 e case liable to be us$ to _! injury1 yet1 9 almo/ all cases1 ! subject individual is %ield$ f great outrages by /rong safegu>ds4 ,if he h tal5ts1 or le>n+1 or weal?1 or (fice1 or p]sonal respectability1 or influ5tial fri5ds1 ^!1 ) ! protection ( law & ! rights ( citiz5%ip1 /& r\nd him z a body gu>d3 & ev5 if he lack$ all ^!1 yet1 _h he ! same color1 features1 =m1 dialect1 habits1 & associations ) ! privileg$ ca/e ( society1 he w\ld f9d 9 !m a %ield f _m injuries1 :i* w\ld be invit$1 if 9 ^! respects he diff]$ widely f ! re/ ( ! community1 & 0 on t acc\nt reg>d$ ) disgu/ & av]sion4 ,?is is ! condition ( ! slave2 n only is he depriv$ ( ! artificial safegu>ds ( ! law1 b has none ( ^? natural safegu>ds enum]at$ above1 :i* are a protection to o!rs4 ,b n only is ! slave de/itute ( ^? peculi>ities1 habits1 ta/es1 & acquisitions1 :i* by assimilat+ ! possessor to ! re/ ( ! community1 excite _! int]e/ 9 him1 & ?us1 9 a measure1 secure = him _! protection2 b he possesses ^? peculi>ities ( bodily organization :i* are look$ ^u ) deep disgu/1 contempt1 prejudice1 & av]sion4 ,besides ?is1 con/ant contact ) ! ignorance & /upidity ( ! slaves1 _! fil?1 rags1 & nak$ness2 _! c[]+ air1 s]vile employm5ts1 repulsive food1 & squalid hovels1 _! pur*ase & sale1 & use z brutes--all ^! associations1 con/antly m+l+ & circulat+ 9 ! m9ds ( slavehold]s1 & invet]at$ by ! h\rly irritations :i* mu/ assail all :o use human be+s z ?+s1 produce 9 !m a p]man5t /ate ( feel+ t[>d ! slave1 made up ( repulsion & settl$ ill-w4 ,:5 we add to ?is ! corrosions produc$ by ! petty !fts ( slaves1 ! necessity ( con/ant wat*+1 _! reluctant s]vice1 & indiff]5ce to _! ma/]'s int]e/s1 _! ill conceal$ av]sion to him1 & spurn+ ( 8 au?ority2 & f9ally1 t fact1 z old z human nature1 t m5 always hate ^? :om !y oppress1 & oppress ^? :om !y hate1 ?us oppression & hatr$ mutually begett+ & p]petuat+ ea* o!r--& we h a rag+ comp\nd ( fi]y elem5ts & di/urb+ =ces1 s /imulat+ & inflam+ ! m9d ( ! slavehold] aga9/ ! slave1 t x _c b break =? ^u him ) desolat+ fury4 ,to d5y t cruelty is ! spontane\s & uni=m product ( arbitr>y p[]1 & t ! natural & controll+ t5d5cy ( su* p[] is to make its possessor cruel1 oppressive1 & rev5geful t[>ds ^? :o are subject$ to 8 control1 is1 we repeat1 to set at n\ght ! comb9$ exp]i5ce ( ! human race1 to invalidate its te/imony1 & to rev]se its decisions f "t immemorial4 ,a volume might be fill$ ) ! te/imony ( ,am]ican slavehold]s alone1 to ! tru? ( ! prec$+ position4 ,we subjo9 a few illu/rations1 & fir/1 ! memorable decl>ation ( ,presid5t ,jeff]son1 :o liv$ & di$ a slavehold]4 ,x has be5 publi%$ a ?\s& times1 & w live =ev]4 ,9 8 ,notes on ,virg9ia1 six? ,philadelphia edition1 p4 #bea1 he says1-- ,! ,,:ole ,,comm]ce betwe5 ma/] & slave1 is a ,,p]petual ,,ex]cise ( ! mo/ boi/]\s passions1 ! mo/ unremitt+ ,,despotism on ! "o "p1 & degrad+ submission on ! o!r44444 ,! p>5t /orms1 ! *ild looks on1 cat*es ! l9eam5ts ( wra?1 puts on ! same airs 9 ! circle ( small] slaves1 ,,gives ,,loose ,,to ,,! ,,wor/ ,,( ,,passions2 & ?us nurs$1 educat$1 & daily ex]cis$ 9 tyranny1 _c b be /amp$ by x ) odi\s peculi>ities4 ,hon4 ,lewis ,summ]s1 ,judge ( ! ,g5]al ,c\rt ( ,virg9ia1 & a slavehold]1 said 9 a spee* be=e ! ,virg9ia legislature 9 #ahcb2 7see ,ri*mond ,:ig ( ,jan4 #bf1 #ahcb17 ,a slave population ex]cises ! mo/ p]nici\s influ5ce ^u ! mann]s1 habits & "*1 ( ^? among :om x exi/s4 ,lisp+ infancy le>ns ! vocabul>y ( abusive epi!ts1 & /ruts ! embryo tyrant ( its little doma94 ,! consci\sness ( sup]ior de/9y takes possession ( 8 m9d at its e>lie/ dawn+1 & love ( p[] & rule1 'gr[s ) 8 gr[?1 & /r5g!ns ) 8 /r5g?4' ,unless enabl$ to rise above ! op]ation ( ^? p[]ful causes1 he ent]s ! _w ) mis]able notions ( self-importance1 & "u ! gov]nm5t ( an unbridl$ temp]4 ,! late ,,judge ,,tuck] ( ,virg9ia1 a slavehold]1 & ,pr(essor ( ,law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 9 8 ,lett] to a ,memb] ( ! ,virg9ia ,legislature1 #ahja1 says1-- ,i say no?+ ( ! baneful effects ( slav]y on our moral "*1 because ,i "k y h be5 long s5sible ( ?is po9t4 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 consi/+ ( all ! cl]gy ( t d5om9ation 9 ^? /ates1 ) a lay repres5tation f ! *ur*es1 mo/1 if n all ( :om are slavehold]s1 publi%$ a report on slav]y 9 #ahcd1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract4 ,^? only :o h ! managem5t ( s]vants1 "k :at ! h>d5+ effect ( x is ^u _! own feel+s t[>ds !m4 ,!re is no necessity to dwell on ?is po9t1 z all own]s & manag]s fully und]/& x4 ,he :o comm5ces to manage !m ) t5d]ness & ) a will+ness to favor !m 9 e way1 mu/ be wat*ful1 o!rwise he w settle d[n 9 indiff]5ce1 if n sev]ity4 ,,g5]al ,,william ,h4 ,,h>rison1 n[ ( ,ohio1 son ( ! late ,gov]nor ,h>rison ( ,virg9ia1 a slavehold]1 :ile m9i/] f ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! ,republic ( ,colombia1 wrote a lett] to ,g5]al ,simon ,boliv>1 !n ,presid5t ( t ,republic1 j z he 0 ab\t assum+ despotic p[]4 ,! lett] is dat$ ,bogota1 ,sept4 #bb1 #ahbf4 ,! foll[+ is an extract4 ,f a k ( y\r own disposition & pres5t feel+s1 y\r excell5cy w n be will+ to believe t y c\ld ev] be br\ght to an act ( tyranny1 or ev5 to execute ju/ice ) unnecess>y rigor4 ,b tru/ me1 sir1 !re is no?+ m corrupt+1 no?+ m de/ructive ( ! noble/ & f9e/ feel+s ( our nature ?an ! ex]cise ( unlimit$ p[]4 ,! man1 :o 9 ! beg9n+ ( su* a c>e]1 might %udd] at ! idea ( tak+ away ! life ( a fell[-be+1 might soon h 8 consci5ce s se>$ by ! repetition ( crime1 t ! agonies ( 8 murd]$ victims might become music to 8 s\l1 & ! dripp+s ( ! scaffold af=d blood to swim 94 ,hi/ory is full ( su* excesses4 ,,william ,h4 ,,fitzhugh1 ,esq4 ( ,virg9ia1 a slavehold]1 says1--,slav]y1 9 its milde/ =m1 is cruel & unnatural2 its injuri\s effects on our morals & habits are mutually felt4 ,,hon4 ,,samuel ,s4 ,,ni*olas1 late ,judge ( ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals ( ,k5tucky1 & a slavehold]1 9 a spee* be=e ! legislature ( t /ate1 ,jan4 #ahcg1 says1-- ,! delib]ate convictions ( ! mo/ matur$ consid]ation ,i c give ! subject1 are1 t ! in/itution ( slav]y is a mo/ s]i\s injury to ! habits1 mann]s & morals ( our :ite population--t x leads to slo?1 indol5ce1 dissipation1 & vice4 ,dr4 ,,?omas ,,coop]1 late ,presid5t ( ! ,college ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 a note to 8 edition ( ! ,in/itutes ( ,ju/9ian page #dac1 says1-- ,all absolute p[] has a direct t5d5cy1 n only to detract f ! happ9ess ( ! p]sons :o are subject to x1 b to ,,deprave ,,! ,,good ,,qualities ( ^? :o possess x44444 ! :ole hi/ory ( human nature1 9 ! pres5t & e =m] age1 w ju/ify me 9 say+ t su* is ! t5d5cy ( p[] on ! "o h& & slav]y on ! o!r4 ,a ,s\? ,c>ol9a slavehold]1 ^: "n is ) ! executive committee ( ! ,am4 ,a4,s4 ,society1 says1 9 a lett]1 dat$ ,april #d1 #ahch3-- ,i ?9k x 7slav]y7 ru9\s to ! temp] & to our spiritual life2 x is a ?orn 9 ! fle%1 = ev] & = ev] goad+ u on to say & to d :at ! ,et]nal ,god _c b be displeas$ )4 ,i speak f exp]i5ce1 & oh6 my desire is to be deliv]$ f x4 ,monsieur ,c4,c4 ,,rob91 :o 0 a resid5t ( ,l\isiana f #ahjb to #ahjf1 publi%$ a "w on t c\ntry2 9 :i*1 speak+ ( ! effect ( slavehold+ on ma/]s & _! *ildr51 he says3-- ,! "y creoles make ! negroes :o surr\nd !m ! play-?+s ( _! :ims3 !y flog1 = pa/ime1 ^? ( _! own age1 j z _! fa!rs flog o!rs at _! w4 ,^! "y creoles1 arriv$ at ! age 9 :i* ! passions are impetu\s1 d n "k h[ to be> contradiction2 !y w h e ?+ done :i* !y comm&1 possible or n2 & 9 default ( ?is1 !y av5ge _! (f5d$ pride by multipli$ puni%m5ts4 ,dr4 ,,george ,,bu*anan1 ( ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&1 memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 9 an oration at ,baltimore1 ,july #d1 #agia1 said3-- ,= su* are ! effects ( subject+ man to slav]y1 t x de/roys e humane pr9ciple1 vitiates ! m9d1 in/ills ideas ( unlawful cruelties1 & ev5tually subv]ts ! spr+s ( gov]nm5t4--,bu*anan's ,oration1 p4 #ab4 ,presid5t ,,edw>ds ! y\ng]1 9 a s]mon be=e ! ,connecticut ,abolition ,society1 9 #agia1 page #h1 says3-- ,slav]y has a mo/ direct t5d5cy to haught9ess1 & a dom9e]+ _s & conduct 9 ! proprietors ( ! slaves1 9 _! *ildr51 & 9 all :o h ! control ( !m4 ,a man :o has be5 br$ up 9 dom9e]+ ov] negroes1 c sc>cely avoid contract+ su* a habit ( haught9ess & dom9ation z w express itself 9 8 g5]al treatm5t ( mank9d1 :e!r 9 8 private capacity1 or 9 any (fice1 civil or milit>y1 ) :i* he may be inve/$4 ,! celebrat$ ,,montesquieu1 9 8 ,_s ( ! ,laws1 ?us describes ! effect ( slavehold+ ^u ! ma/]3-- ,! ma/] contracts all sorts ( bad habits2 & becomes haughty1 passionate1 obdurate1 v9dictive1 voluptu\s1 & cruel4 ,,wilb]=ce1 9 8 spee* at ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,london ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 9 ,m>*1 #ahbh1 said3-- ,x is utt]ly impossible t !y :o live 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! petty despotism ( a slave community1 ^: m9ds h be5 w>p$ & pollut$ by t contam9ation1 %\ld n lose t respect = _! fell[ creatures ov] :om !y tyrannize1 :i* is ess5tial 9 ! nature & moral be+ ( man1 to rescue !m f ! abuse ( p[] ov] _! pro/rate fell[ creatures4 ,9 ! great debate1 9 ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t1 on ! ,african slave-trade1 ,mr4 ,,:itbread said3 ,arbitr>y p[] w\ld spoil ! he>ts ( ! be/4 ,b we ne$ n multiply pro(s to e/abli% our position3 x is su/a9$ by ! concurr5t te/imony ( sages1 philosoph]s1 poets1 /atesm51 & morali/s1 9 e p]iod ( ! _w2 & :o c m>vel t ^? 9 all ages :o h wisely pond]$ m5 & ?+s1 %\ld be unanim\s 9 su* te/imony1 :5 ! hi/ory ( arbitr>y p[] has come d[n to u f ! beg9n+ ( "t1 /ruggl+ ?r\gh heaps ( sla91 & trail+ h] p>*m5ts 9 blood4 ,"t w\ld fail to beg9 ) ! fir/ despot & track d[n ! c>nage /ep by /ep4 ,all nations1 all ages1 all climes cr[d =w>d z witnesses1 ) _! sc>s1 & w\nds1 & dy+ agonies4 ,b to survey a multitude bewild]s2 let u look at a s+le nation4 ,we in/ance ,rome2 bo? because its hi/ory is m g5]ally kn[n1 & because x furni%es a l>g] proportion ( in/ances1 9 :i* arbitr>y p[] 0 ex]cis$ ) comp>ative mildness1 ?an any o!r nation anci5t or mod]n4 ,& yet1 h] :ole exi/5ce 0 a trag$y1 e actor 0 an execution]1 ! curta9 rose amid/ %rieks & fell ^u corpses1 & ! only %ift+ ( ! sc5es 0 f blood to blood4 ,! :ole _w /ood agha/1 z "u s5t5ce ( dea?1 await+ execution1 & all nations & tongues 7 driv51 ) h] own citiz5s1 z %eep to ! slaught]4 ,( h] sev5 k+s1 h] hundr$s ( consuls1 tribunes1 decemvirs1 & dictators1 & h] fifty emp]ors1 !re is h>dly "o ^: "n has come d[n to u un/a9$ by horrible abuses ( p[]2 & t too1 not)/&+ we h m]e %r$s ( ! hi/ory ( _m ( !m1 ow+ to _! antiquity1 or to ! p]turb$ times 9 :i* !y liv$2 & ^! %r$s ga!r$ f ! records ( _! own p>tial c\ntrym51 :o wrote & sung _! praises4 ,:at does ?is prove8 ,n t ! ,romans 7 worse ?an o!r m51 nor t _! rul]s 7 worse ?an o!r ,romans1 = hi/ory does n furni% nobl] models ( natural "* ?an _m ( ^? same rul]s1 :5 fir/ inve/$ ) arbitr>y p[]4 ,nei!r 0 x ma9ly because ! m>tial ent]prise ( ! e>li] ,romans & ! gross s5suality ( ! lat]1 h>d5$ _! he>ts to human suff]+4 ,9 bo? p]iods ( ,roman hi/ory1 & 9 bo? ^! classes1 we f9d m51 ! ke5 sympa?ies1 g5]osity1 & b5evol5ce ( ^: g5]al "* embalm$ _! names 9 ! grateful memories ( multitudes4 ,!y 7 human be+s1 & possess$ p[] )\t re/ra9t--?is unravels ! my/]y4 ,:o has n he>d ( ! ,emp]or ,trajan1 ( 8 mod]ation1 8 clem5cy1 8 ga%+ sympa?ies1 8 =giv5ess ( injuries & =getfulness ( self1 8 te>+ 9 pieces 8 own robe1 to furni% b&ages = ! w\nd$--call$ by ! :ole _w 9 8 day1 ! be/ emp]or ( ,rome2 & s affectionately reg>d$ by 8 subjects1 t1 ev] aft]w>ds1 9 bless+ 8 successors ^u _! accession to p[]1 !y always said1 ,may y h ! virtue & goodness ( ,trajan6 yet ! deadly conflicts ( gladiators :o 7 tra9$ to kill ea* o!r1 to make sport = ! spectators1 furni%$ 8 *ief pa/ime4 ,at "o "t he kept up ^? spectacles = #abc days 9 succession4 ,9 ! tortures :i* he inflict$ on ,*ri/ians1 fire & poison1 dagg]s & dungeons1 wild bea/s & s]p5ts1 & ! rack1 did _! wor/4 ,he ?rew into ! sea1 ,clem5s1 ! v5]able bi%op ( ,rome1 ) an an*or ab\t 8 neck2 & toss$ to ! fami%$ lions 9 ! amphi!atre ! ag$ ,ignatius4 ,pl9y ! y\ng]1 :o 0 proconsul "u ,trajan1 may well be m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! emp]or1 z a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! tru?1 t goodness & amiabl5ess t[>ds "o class ( m5 is (t5 turn$ into cruelty t[>ds ano!r4 ,hi/ory c h>dly %[ a m g5tle & lovely "* ?an ,pl9y4 ,:ile plead+ at ! b>1 he always s\ght out ! grievances ( ! poore/ & mo/ despis$ p]sons1 ent]$ into _! wrongs ) 8 :ole s\l1 & nev] took a fee4 ,:o c read 8 admirable lett]s )\t be+ t\*$ by _! t5d]ness & w>m$ by _! b5ignity & philan?ropy3 & yet1 ?is t5d]-he>t$ ,pl9y coolly pli$ ) excruciat+ torture two spotless females1 :o _h s]v$ z deaconesses 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 hop+ to extort f !m matt] ( accusation aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,he comm&$ ,*ri/ians to abjure _! fai?1 invoke ! gods1 p\r out libations to ! /atues ( ! emp]or1 burn inc5se to idols1 & curse ,*ri/4 ,if !y refus$1 he ord]$ !m to execution4 ,:o has n he>d ( ! ,emp]or ,titus--s belov$ = 8 mild virtues & compassionate reg>d = ! suff]+1 t he 0 nam$ ,! ,delight ( ,mank9d2 s t5d] ( ! lives ( 8 subjects t he took ! (fice ( high prie/1 t 8 h&s might nev] be defil$ ) blood2 & 0 he>d to decl>e1 ) te>s1 t he _h r die ?an put ano!r to dea?4 ,s int5t ^u mak+ o!rs happy1 t :5 once ab\t to retire to sleep1 & n be+ able to recall any p>ticul> act ( b5efic5ce p]=m$ dur+ ! day1 he cri$ out 9 angui%1 ,alas6 ,i h lo/ a day6 ,&1 f9ally1 :om ! le>n$ ,k5net1 9 8 ,roman ,antiquities1 *>act]izes z ! only pr9ce 9 ! _w t has ! "* ( nev] do+ an ill action4 ,yet1 witness+ ! mortal combats ( ! captives tak5 to w>1 kill+ ea* o!r 9 ! amphi!atre1 amid/ ! acclamations ( ! populace1 0 a favorite amusem5t ) ,titus4 ,at "o "t he exhibit$ %[s ( gladiators1 :i* la/$ "o hundr$ days1 dur+ :i* ! amphi!atre 0 flood$ ) human blood4 ,at ano!r ( 8 public exhibitions he caus$ five ?\s& wild bea/s to be bait$ 9 ! amphi!atre4 ,dur+ ! siege ( ,j]usalem1 he set ambu%es to seize ! fami%+ ,jews1 :o /ole out ( ! city by night to glean food 9 ! valleys3 ^! he w\ld fir/ dreadfully sc\rge1 !n torm5t !m ) all conceivable tortures1 &1 at la/1 crucify !m be=e ! wall ( ! city4 ,accord+ to ,josephus1 n less ?an five hundr$ a day 7 ?us torm5t$4 ,& :5 _m ( ! ,jews1 frantic ) fam9e1 des]t$ to ! ,romans1 ,titus cut (f _! h&s & drove !m back4 ,aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 he dragg$ to ,rome "o hundr$ ?\s& captives1 sold !m z slaves1 & scatt]$ !m ?r\gh e prov9ce ( ! empire4 ,! k9dness1 condesc5sion1 & =be>ance ( ,adrian 7 prov]bial2 he 0 "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t orators ( 8 age2 & :5 plead+ ! cause ( injur$ innoc5ce1 w\ld melt & ov]:elm ! auditors by ! pa?os ( 8 appeals4 ,x 0 8 con/ant maxim1 t he 0 an ,emp]or1 n = 8 own good1 b = ! b5efit ( 8 fell[ creatures4 ,he /oop$ to relieve ! wants ( ! meane/ ( 8 subjects1 & w\ld p]il 8 life by visit+ !m :5 sick ( infecti\s diseases2 he prohibit$1 by law1 ma/]s f kill+ _! slaves1 gave to slaves legal trial1 & exempt$ !m f torture2 yet t[>ds c]ta9 individuals & classes1 he %[$ himself a mon/] ( cruelty4 ,he prid$ himself on 8 k ( ar*itecture1 & ord]$ to execution ! mo/ celebrat$ ar*itect ( ,rome1 because he _h criticis$ "o ( ! ,emp]or's designs4 ,he bani%$ all ! ,jews f _! native l&1 & drove !m to ! ends ( ! e>?2 & unloos$ ! bloodh\nds ( p]secution to r5d 9 pieces 8 ,*ri/ian subjects4 ,! g5tl5ess & b5ignity ( ! ,emp]or ,aurelius1 h be5 celebrat$ 9 /ory & song4 ,hi/ory says ( him1 ',no?+ c\ld qu5* 8 desire ( be+ a bless+ to mank9d2' & ,pope's eulogy ( him is 9 ! m\? ( e s*oolboy--',l good ,aurelius1 let him reign2' & yet1 'good ,aurelius1' lift$ ! flood gates ( ! f\r?1 & "o ( ! mo/ t]rible p]secutions aga9/ ,*ri/ians t ev] rag$4 ,he s5t ord]s into diff]5t p>ts ( 8 empire1 to h ! ,*ri/ians murd]$ :o w\ld n d5y ,*ri/4 ,! blameless ,polyc>p1 trembl+ "u ! weight ( a hundr$ ye>s1 0 dragg$ to ! /ake & burn$ to a%es4 ,po?9us1 ,bi%op ( ,lyons1 at ! age ( n9ety1 0 dragg$ ?r\gh ! /reets1 beat51 /on$1 trampl$ ^u by ! soldi]s1 & left to p]i%4 ,t5d] virg9s 7 put into nets1 & ?r[n to infuriat$ wild bulls2 o!rs 7 fa/5$ 9 r$ hot iron *airs2 & v5]able matrons 7 ?r[n to be dev\r$ by dogs4 ,con/ant9e ! ,great has be5 ! admiration ( ,*ri/5dom = 8 virtues4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s adorn 8 ju/ice1 b5evol5ce & piety ) ! mo/ exalt$ eulogy4 ,he 0 baptiz$1 & admitt$ to ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,he abrogat$ ,paganism1 & made ,*ri/ianity ! religion ( 8 empire2 he att5d$ ! c\ncils ( ! e>ly fa!rs ( ! *ur*1 consult$ ) ! bi%ops1 & devot$ himself ) ! mo/ untir+ zeal to ! propagation ( ,*ri/ianity1 & to ! promotion ( peace & love among its pr(essors2 he conv5$ ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 to settle disputes :i* _h long di/ract$ ! *ur*1 appe>$ 9 ! assembly ) admirable mode/y & temp]1 mod]at$ ! heats ( ! cont5d+ p>ties1 implor$ !m to ex]cise mutual =be>ance1 & exhort$ !m to love unfeign$1 to =give "o ano!r1 z !y hop$ to be =giv5 by ,*ri/4 ,:o w\ld n ?9k x un*>itable to accuse su* a man ( b>b>ity 9 ! ex]cise ( p[]8--& yet he drove ,arius & 8 associates into bani%m5t1 = op9ion's sake1 d5\nc$ dea? aga9/ all ) :om 8 books %\ld aft]w>ds be f\nd1 & prohibit$1 on pa9 ( dea?1 ! ex]cise1 h[ev] peaceably1 ( ! functions ( any o!r religion ?an ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 a fit ( jeal\sy & rage1 he ord]$ 8 innoc5t son1 ,crispus1 to execution1 )\t grant+ him a he>+2 & ^u f9d+ him innoc5t1 kill$ 8 own wife1 :o _h falsely accus$ him4 ,to ! prec$+ maybe add$ ,!odosius ! ,great1 ! la/ ,roman emp]or be=e ! division ( ! empire4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & 9 8 zeal aga9/ paganism1 & :at he deem$ h]esy1 surpass$ all :o 7 be=e him4 ,! ,*ri/ian writ]s ( 8 "t speak ( him z a mo/ illu/ri\s model ( ju/ice1 g5]osity1 magnanimity1 b5evol5ce1 & e virtue4 ,& yet ,!odosius d5\nc$ capital puni%m5ts aga9/ ^? :o held 'h]etical' op9ions1 & comm&$ int]-m>riage betwe5 c\s9s to be puni%$ by burn+ ! p>ties alive4 ,on he>+ t ! p ( ,antio* _h demoli%$ ! /atues set up 9 t city1 9 honor ( himself1 & _h ?reat5$ ! gov]nor1 he flew into a transport ( fury1 ord]$ ! city to be laid 9 a%es1 & all ! inhabitants to be slaught]$2 & ^u he>+ ( a resi/ance to 8 au?ority 9 ,!ssalonica1 9 :i* "o ( 8 lieut5ants 0 kill$1 he in/antly ord]$ a g5]al massacre ( ! inhabitants2 & 9 ob$i5ce to 8 comm&1 sev5 ?\s& m51 wom5 & *ildr5 7 but*]$ 9 ! space ( ?ree h\rs4 ,! =ego+ are a few ( _m in/ances 9 ! hi/ory ( ,rome1 & ( a c\ntless multitude 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 illu/rat+ ! tru?1 t ! lodgem5t ( arbitr>y p[]1 9 ! be/ human h&s1 is always a fe>fully p]il\s exp]im5t2 t ! milde/ temp]s1 ! mo/ humane & b5evol5t dispositions1 ! mo/ blameless & consci5ti\s previ\s life1 ) ! mo/ rigor\s habits ( ju/ice1 are no security1 t1 9 a mom5t ( temptation1 ! possessors ( su* p[] w n make _! subjects _! victims2 illu/rat+ also ! tru?1 t1 :ile m5 may exhibit no?+ b honor1 hone/y1 mildness1 ju/ice1 & g5]osity1 9 _! int]c\rse ) ^? ( _! own grade1 or language1 or nation1 or hue1 !y may practice t[>ds o!rs1 = :om !y h contempt & av]sion1 ! mo/ revolt+ meanness1 p]petrate robb]y unceas+ly1 & inflict ! sev]e/ privations1 & ! mo/ b>b>\s cruelties4 ,b ?is is n all3 hi/ory is full ( examples1 %[+ n only ! effects ( arbitr>y p[] on its victims1 b its t]rible reaction on ^? :o ex]cise x2 blunt+ _! sympa?ies1 & h>d5+ to adamant _! he>ts t[>d !m1 at lea/1 if n t[>d ! human race g5]ally4 ,?is is %[n 9 ! fact1 t almo/ e tyrant 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 has ent]$ ^u ! ex]cise ( absolute p[] ) comp>ative mod]ation2 multitudes ( !m ) m>k$ =be>ance & mildness1 & n a few ) ! mo/ signal condesc5sion1 magnanimity1 g5tl5ess & compassion4 ,among ^! la/ are includ$ ^? :o aft]w>ds became ! bloodie/ mon/]s t ev] curs$ ! e>?4 ,( ! ,roman ,emp]ors1 almo/ e "o ( :om p]petrat$ ! mo/ b>b>\s atrocities1 ,vitellius seems to h be5 ! only "o :o cruelly ex]cis$ 8 p[] f ! outset4 ,mo/ ( ! o!r emp]ors1 sprung up into fi5ds 9 ! hot-b$ ( arbitr>y p[]4 ,if !y _h n be5 pli$ ) its fi]y /imulants1 b _h liv$ "u ! legal re/ra9ts ( o!r m51 in/ead ( go+ to ! grave "u ! curses ( _! g5]ation1 multitudes might h call$ !m bless$4 ,! mod]ation :i* has g5]ally di/+ui%$ absolute mon>*s at ! comm5cem5t ( _! reigns1 0 d\btless 9 "s cases assum$ f policy2 9 ! great] numb]1 h[ev]1 z is manife/ f _! hi/ory1 x has be5 ! natural work+s ( m9ds held 9 *eck by previ\s associations1 & n yet h>d5$ into habits ( cruelty1 by be+ accu/om$ to ! ex]cise ( p[] )\t re/ra9t4 ,b z ^? associations h weak5$1 & ! wield+ ( uncontroll$ sway has become a habit1 l o!r evil do]s1 !y h1 9 ! expressive language ( ,scripture1 'wax$ worse & worse4' ,= eighte5 hundr$ ye>s an involunt>y %udd] has run ov] ! human race1 at ! m5tion ( ! "n ( ,n]o2 yet1 at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 reign1 he bur/ into te>s :5 call$ ^u to sign ! dea?-w>rant ( a crim9al1 & exclaim$1 ',oh1 t ,i _h nev] le>n$ to write6' ,8 mildness & magnanimity won ! affections ( 8 subjects2 & x 0 n till ! poison ( absolute p[] _h work$ )9 8 nature = ye>s1 t x swell$ him into a mon/]4 ,tib]ius1 ,claudius1 & ,caligula1 began ! ex]cise ( _! p[] ) s+ul> =be>ance1 & ea* grew into a prodigy ( cruelty4 ,s av]se 0 ,caligula to blood%$1 t he refus$ to look at a li/ ( conspirators aga9/ 8 own life1 :i* 0 h&$ to him2 yet aft]w>ds1 a m cruel wret* nev] wield$ a sceptre4 ,9 8 ?ir/ = slaught]1 he wi%$ all ! necks 9 ,rome "o1 t he might cut !m (f at a bl[4 ,domitian1 at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 reign1 c>ri$ 8 abhorr5ce ( cruelty to su* l5g?s1 t he =bad ! sacrific+ ( ox51 & w\ld sit :ole days on ! judgm5t-seat1 rev]s+ ! unju/ decisions ( corrupt judges2 yet aft]w>ds1 he surpass$ ev5 ,n]o 9 cruelty4 ,! latt] 0 cont5t to torture & kill by proxy1 & )\t be+ a spectator2 b ,domitian c\ld n be d5i$ ! luxury ( see+ 8 victims wri!1 & he>+ !m %riek2 & (t5 ) 8 own h& direct$ ! in/rum5t ( torture1 especially :5 "s illu/ri\s s5ator or patrician 0 to be kill$ by piece-meal4 ,commodus began ) g5tl5ess & condesc5sion1 b soon became a t]ror & a sc\rge1 out/ripp+ 9 8 atrocities mo/ ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,maxim9 too1 0 j & g5]\s :5 fir/ inve/$ ) p[]1 b aft]w>ds riot$ 9 slaught] ) ! reli% ( a fi5d4 ,hi/ory has well said ( ?is mon>*1 '! *ange 9 8 disposition may readily s]ve to %[ h[ dang]\s a ?+ is p[]1 t c\ld trans=m a p]son ( su* rigid virtues into su* a mon/]4' ,in/ances almo/ innum]able might be furni%$ 9 ! hi/ory ( e age1 illu/rat+ ! blunt+ ( sympa?ies1 & ! total trans=mation ( "* wr\ght 9 individuals by ! ex]cise ( arbitr>y p[]4 ,n to deta9 ! read] ) long details1 let a s+le in/ance suffice4 ,p]haps no man has liv$ 9 mod]n times1 ^: "n excites su* horror z t ( ,robespi]re4 ,yet x is notori\s t he 0 naturally ( a b5evol5t disposition1 & t5d] sympa?ies4 ,be=e ! revolution1 :5 z a judge 9 8 native city ( ,arras he _h to pron\nce judgm5t on an assass91 he took no food = two days aft]w>ds1 b 0 he>d frequ5tly exclaim+1 ',i am sure he 0 guilty2 he is a villa92 b yet1 to put a human be+ to dea?66' ,he c\ld n support ! idea2 & t ! same necessity might n recur1 he rel9qui%$ 8 judicial (fice4--7,see ,laponn]ay's ,life ( ,robespi]re1 p4 #h47 ,aft]w>ds1 9 ! ,conv5tion ( #agia1 he urg$ /rongly ! abolition ( ! puni%m5t ( dea?2 & yet1 = sixte5 mon?s1 9 #agic & #agid1 till he p]i%$ himself by ! same guillot9e :i* he _h s m]cilessly us$ on o!rs1 no "o at ,p>is consign$ & caus$ s _m fell[-creatures to be put to dea? by x1 ) m ru?less ins5sibility4--,turn]'s ,sacr$ hi/ory ( ! ,_w1 vol4 #b p4 #aai4 ,b x is "t we _h done ) ! objection1 su* cruelties are ,,incr$ible4 ,if ! objector /ill reit]ates x1 he %all h ! la/ ^w )\t f>!r mole/ation4 ,an objection k9dr$ to ! prec$+ n[ claims notice4 ,x is ! pr(\nd induction t slaves mu/ be well treat$ because slavehold]s say !y are6 ,,objection4 ,,ii4--',,slavehold]s ,,prote/ ,,t ,,!y ,,treat ,,_! ,,slaves ,,well4' ,self-ju/ification is human nature2 self-condemnation is a sublime triumph ov] x1 & z r>e z sublime4 ,:at culprits w\ld be convict$1 if _! own te/imony 7 tak5 by juries z good evid5ce8 ,slavehold]s are on trial1 *>g$ ) cruel treatm5t to _! slaves1 & ?\gh 9 _! own c\rts !y c cle> !mselves by _! own oa?s1#ba !y ne$ n ?9k to d x at ! b> ( ! _w4 ,! d5ial ( crimes1 by m5 accus$ ( !m1 goes = no?+ z evid5ce 9 all civiliz$ c\rts2 :ile ! volunt>y confession ( !m1 is ! be/ evid5ce possible1 z x is te/imony aga9/ !mselves1 & 9 ! face ( ! /ronge/ motives to conceal ! tru?4 ,on ! prec$+ pages1 are hundr$s ( j su* te/imonies2 ! volunt>y & explicit te/imony ( slavehold]s aga9/ !mselves1 _! families & ance/ors1 _! con/itu5ts & _! rul]s2 aga9/ _! *>act]s & _! memories2 aga9/ _! ju/ice1 _! hone/y1 _! honor & _! b5evol5ce4 ,n[ let c&or decide betwe5 ^? two classes ( slavehold]s1 :i* is mo/ entitl$ to cr$it2 t :i* te/ifies 9 its own favor1 j z self-love w\ld dictate1 or t :i* te/ifies aga9/ all selfi% motives & 9 spite ( !m2 & ?\gh x has no?+ to ga91 b e ?+ to lose by su* te/imony1 /ill utt]s x4 ,b if !re 7 no c\nt] te/imony1 if all slavehold]s 7 unanim\s 9 ! decl>ation t ! treatm5t ( ! slaves is good1 su* a decl>ation w\ld n be entitl$ to a fea!r's weight z te/imony2 x is n te/imony b op9ion4 ,te/imony respects matt]s ( fact1 n matt]s ( op9ion3 x is ! decl>ation ( a witness z to facts1 n ! giv+ ( an op9ion z to ! nature or qualities ( actions1 or ! "* ( a c\rse ( conduct4 ,slavehold]s organize !mselves into a tribunal to adjudicate ^u _! own conduct1 & give u 9 _! decisions1 _! e/imate ( _! own "*2 in=m+ u ) *>act]i/ic mode/y1 t !y h a high op9ion ( !mselves2 t 9 _! own judgm5t !y are v mild1 k9d1 & m]ciful g5tlem56 ,9 ^! conceptions ( _! own m]its1 & ( ! em95t propriety ( _! be>+ t[>ds _! slaves1 slavehold]s rem9d u ( ! ,spani>d1 :o always took (f 8 hat :5ev] he spoke ( himself1 & ( ! ,gov]nor ( ,s*iraz1 :o1 f a s5se ( ju/ice to 8 own "* add$ to 8 o!r titles1 ^? (1 ',fl[] ( ,c\rtesy1' ',nutmeg ( ,consolation1' & ',rose ( ,delight4' ,footnote #ba3 ,! law ( :i* ! foll[+ is an extract1 exi/s 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,if any slave %all suff] 9 life1 limb or memb]1 :5 no :ite p]son %all be pres5t1 or be+ pres5t1 %all refuse to give evid5ce1 ! own] or o!r p]son1 :o %all h ! c>e ( su* slave1 & 9 ^: p[] su* slave %all be1 %all be deem$ guilty ( su* (f5ce1 unless su* own] or o!r p]son %all make ! contr>y appe> by good & suffici5t evid5ce1 or %all ,,by ,,8 ,,own ,,oa? ,,cle> ,,& ,,exculpate ,,himself4 ,:i* oa? e c\rt :]e su* (f5ce %all be tri$1 is h]eby comp>$ to adm9i/]1 & to acquit ! (f5d]1 if cle> pro( ( ! (f5ce be n made by two witnesses at lea/4--#b ,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bdb4 ,! /ate ( ,l\isiana has a simil> law4 ,! s9c]ity ( ^? wor?ies1 no "o calls 9 "q2 _! real notions ( _! own m]its d\btless asc5d$ into ! sublime3 b = aught t appe>s1 !y _h n ! arrogance to dem& t _! own notions ( _! p]sonal excell5ce1 %\ld be tak5 z ! pro( ( x4 ,n s ) our slavehold]s4 ,n cont5t ) (f]+ inc5se at ! %r9e ( _! own virtues1 !y h ! effront]y to dem&1 t ! re/ ( ! _w %all (f] x1 because !y d2 & %all implicitly believe ! presid+ div9ity to be a good ,_s r ?an a ,devil1 because !y call him s6 ,9 o!r words1 s9ce slavehold]s pr(\ndly appreciate _! own g5tle dispositions t[>d _! slaves1 & _! k9d treatm5t ( !m1 & ev]y:]e prote/ t !y d truly %[ =? ^! r>e excell5cies1 !y dem& t ! re/ ( ! _w %all n only believe t !y ?9k s1 b t !y ?9k rightly2 t ^! notions ( !mselves are true1 t _! tak+ (f _! hats to !mselves proves !m wor?y ( homage1 & t _! assumption ( ! titles (1 ',fl[] ( ,k9dness1' & ',nutmeg ( ,consolation1' is conclusive evid5ce t !y des]ve su* appellations6 ,0 !re ev] a m ridicul\s doctr9e1 ?an t a man's op9ion ( 8 own actions is ! true /&>d = measur+ !m1 & ! c]tificate ( _! real qualities6--t 8 own e/imate ( 8 treatm5t ( o!rs2 is to be tak5 z ! true "o1 & su* treatm5t be set d[n z good treatm5t ^u ! /r5g? ( 8 judgm5t4 ,he :o argues ! good treatm5t ( ! slave1 f ! slavehold]'s good op9ion ( su* treatm5t1 n only argues aga9/ human nature & all hi/ory1 8 own common s5se1 & ev5 ! te/imony ( 8 s5ses1 b refutes 8 own argum5ts by 8 daily practice4 ,e body acts on ! presumption t m5's feel+s w v>y ) _! practices2 t ! light 9 :i* !y view individuals & classes1 & _! feel+s t[>ds !m1 w modify _! op9ions ( ! treatm5t :i* !y receive4 ,9 any case ( treatm5t t affects himself1 8 *ur*1 or 8 political p>ty1 no man s /ultifies himself z to argue t su* treatm5t mu/ be good1 because ! au?or ( x ?9ks s4 ,:o w\ld argue t ! ,am]ican ,colonies 7 well treat$ by ! "m c\ntry1 because p>liam5t ?\ght s8 ,or t ,pol& 0 well treat$ by ,russia1 because ,ni*olas ?\ght s8 ,or t ! treatm5t ( ! ,*]okees by ,georgia is prov$ good by ,georgia notions ( x8 ,or t ( ! ,greeks by ! ,turks1 by ,turki% op9ions ( x8 ,or t ( ! ,jews by almo/ all nations1 by ! judgm5t ( _! p]secutors8 ,or t ( ! victims ( ! ,inquisition1 by ! op9ions ( ! ,inquisitor g5]al1 or ( ! ,pope & 8 c>d9als8 ,or t ( ! ,quak]s & ,bapti/s1 at ! h&s ( ! ,puritans1--to be judg$ ( by ! op9ions ( ! legislatures t au?oriz$1 & ! c\rts t c>ri$ x into effect4 ,all ^? classes ( p]sons did n1 9 _! own op9ion1 abuse _! victims4 ,if *>g$ ) p]petrat+ outrage\s cruelty ^u !m1 all ^? oppressors w\ld h repell$ ! *>ge ) indignation4 ,our slavehold]s *ime lu/ily ! same song1 & no man ) human nature )9 him1 & human hi/ory be=e him1 & ) s5se en\gh to keep him out ( ! fire1 w be gull$ by su* pr(essions1 unless 8 it* to be humbugg$ has put on ! type ( a d[nright *ronic incurable4 ,we repeat x--:5 m5 speak ( ! treatm5t ( o!rs z be+ ei!r good or bad1 _! decl>ations are n g5]ally to be tak5 z te/imony to matt]s ( fact1 s mu* z expressions ( _! own feel+s t[>ds ^? p]sons or classes :o are ! subjects ( su* treatm5t4 ,if ^? p]sons are _! fell[ citiz5s2 if !y are 9 ! same class ( society ) !mselves2 ( ! same language1 cre$1 & color2 simil> 9 _! habits1 pursuits1 & sympa?ies2 !y w ke5ly feel any wrong done to !m1 & d5\nce x z base1 outrage\s treatm5t2 b let ! same wrongs be done to p]sons ( a condition 9 all respects ! rev]se1 p]sons :om !y habitually despise1 & reg>d only 9 ! light ( m]e conv5i5ces1 to be us$ = _! pleasure1 & ! idea t su* treatm5t is b>b>\s w be laugh$ at z ridicul\s4 ,:5 we he> slavehold]s say t _! slaves are well treat$1 we h only to rememb] t !y are n speak+ ( p]sons1 b ( prop]ty2 n ( m5 & wom51 b ( *attels & ?+s2 n ( fri5ds b ( vassals & victims2 n ( ^? :om !y respect & honor1 b ( ^? :om !y scorn & trample on2 n ( ^? ) :om !y sympa?ize1 & co-op]ate1 & int]*ange c\rtesies1 b ( ^? :om !y reg>d ) contempt & av]sion & disda9fully set ) ! dogs ( _! flock4 ,read]1 keep ?is fact 9 y\r m9d1 & y w h a clue to ! slavehold]'s def9ition ( good treatm5t4 ,rememb] also1 t a "p ( ?is good treatm5t ( :i* ! slavehold]s boa/1 is plund]+ ! slaves ( all _! inali5able rights1 ( ! own]%ip ( _! own bodies1 ( ! use ( _! own limbs & muscles1 ( all _! "t1 lib]ty1 & e>n+s1 ( ! free ex]cise ( *oice1 ( ! rights ( m>riage & p>5tal au?ority1 ( legal protection1 ( ! "r to be1 to d1 to g1 to /ay1 to ?9k1 to feel1 to "w1 to re/1 to eat1 to sleep1 to le>n1 to tea*1 to e>n money1 & to exp5d x1 to visit1 & to be visit$1 to speak1 to be sil5t1 to wor%ip accord+ to consci5ce1 9 f9e1 _! "r to be protect$ by j & equal laws1 & to be am5able to su* only4 ,( all ^! rights ! slaves are plund]$2 & ?is is a "p ( t good treatm5t ( :i* _! plund]]s boa/6 ,:at !n is ! re/ ( x8 ,! above is en\gh = a sample1 at lea/ a specim5-brick f ! kiln4 ,read]1 we ask y no que/ions1 b m]ely tell y :at y "k1 :5 we say t m5 & wom5 :o c habitually d su* ?+s to human be+s1 c d ,,any ,,?+ to !m4 ,! decl>ations ( slavehold]s1 t !y treat _! slaves well1 w put no man 9 a qu&>y1 :o keeps 9 m9d ?is simple pr9ciple1 t ! /ate ( m9d t[>ds o!rs1 :i* leads "o to inflict cruelties on !m bl9ds ! inflict] to ! real nature ( 8 own acts4 ,to him1 !y d n seem to be cruelties2 consequ5tly1 :5 speak+ ( su* treatm5t t[>d su* p]sons1 he w prote/ t x is n cruelty2 ?\gh if inflict$ ^u himself or 8 fri5ds1 he w\ld indignantly /igmatize x z atroci\s b>b>ity4 ,! objector equally ov]looks ano!r e-day fact ( human nature1 :i* is ?is1 t cruelties inv>iably cease to seem cruelties :5 ! habit is =m$ ?\gh previ\sly ! m9d reg>d$ !m z su*1 & %runk f !m ) horror4 ,! foll[+ fact1 relat$ by ! late lam5t$ ,,?omas ,,pr+le1 ^: ,life & ,poems h publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 is an appropriate illu/ration4 ,mr4 ,pr+le /ates x on ! au?ority ( ,capta9 ,w4 ,f4 ,ow51 ( ! ,royal ,navy4 ,:5 8 ,maje/y's %ips1 ! ,lev5 & ! ,b>rac\ta1 employ$ 9 survey+ ! coa/ ( ,africa1 7 at ,mozambique1 9 #ahbc1 ! (fic]s 7 introduc$ to ! family ( ,s5or ,manuel ,p$ro d',almeydra1 a native ( ,portugal1 :o 0 a consid]able m]*ant settl$ on t coa/2 & x 0 an op9ion agre$ 9 by all1 t ,donna ,sophia d',almeydra 0 ! mo/ sup]ior woman !y _h se5 s9ce !y left ,engl&1 ,capta9 ,ow51 ! lead] ( ! exp$ition1 express+ to ,s5or d',almeydra 8 dete/ation ( slav]y1 ! ,s5or repli$1 ',y w n be long "h be=e y *ange y\r s5tim5ts4 ,look at my ,sophia !re4 ,be=e %e w\ld m>ry me1 %e made me promise t ,i %\ld give up ! slave trade4 ,:5 we fir/ settl$ at ,mozambique1 %e 0 cont9ually int]c$+ = ! slaves1 & %e con/antly wept :5 ,i puni%$ !m2 & n[ %e is among ! slaves front morn+ to night2 %e regulates ! :ole ( my slave e/abli%m5t2 %e inquires into e (f5ce committ$ by !m1 pron\nces s5t5ce ^u ! (f5d]1 & /&s by & sees !m puni%$4' ,to ?is1 ,mr4 ,pr+le1 :o 0 himself = six ye>s a resid5t ( ! ,engli% settlem5t at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 adds1 ',! writ] ( ?is article has se51 9 ! c\rse ( five or six ye>s1 z great a *ange ^u ,engli% ladies & g5tleman ( respectability1 z t describ$ to h tak5 place 9 ,donna ,sophia d',almeydra2 & "o ( ! individuals :om he has 9 8 eye1 :ile he writes ?is passage1 lately confess$ to him ?is melan*oly *ange1 rem>k+ at ! same "t1 'h[ alt]$ ,i am 9 my feel+s ) reg>d to slav]y4 ,i d n appe> to myself ! same p]son ,i 0 on my arrival 9 ?is colony1 & if ,i w\ld give ! _w = ! feel+s ,i !n _h1 ,i c\ld n recall !m4' ,slavehold]s "k full well t famili>ity ) slav]y produces indiff]5ce to its cruelties & reconciles ! m9d to !m4 ,! late ,judge ,tuck]1 a ,virg9ia slavehold] & pr(essor ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 9 ! app5dix to 8 edition ( ,black/one's ,comm5t>ies1 "p #b1 pp4 #ef1 #eg1 comm5t+ on ! law ( ,virg9ia previ\s to #agib1 :i* outlaw$ fugitive slaves1 says3 ,su* are ! cruelties to :i* slav]y gives rise1 su* ! horrors to :i* ! m9d becomes reconcil$ by its adoption4 ,! foll[+ facts f ! p5 ( ,,*>les ,,/u>t1 happily illu/rate ! same pr9ciple3 ,a "y lady1 ! daught] ( a ,jamaica plant]1 0 s5t at an e>ly age to s*ool to ,engl&1 & aft] complet+ h] education1 return$ to h] native c\ntry4 ,%e is n[ settl$ ) h] husb& & family 9 ,engl&4 ,i visit$ h] ne> ,ba?1 e>ly la/ spr+1 7#ahcd47 ,conv]s+ on ! above subject1 ! p>alyz+ effects ( slavehold+ on ! he>t1 %e said3 ',:ile at s*ool 9 ,engl&1 ,i (t5 ?\ght ) peculi> t5d]ness ( ! k9dness ( a slave :o _h nurs$ & c>ri$ me ab\t4 ,^u return+ to my fa!r's1 "o ( my fir/ inquiries 0 ab\t him4 ,i 0 deeply afflict$ to f9d t he 0 on ! po9t ( und]go+ a law flogg+ = hav+ run away4 ,i ?rew myself at my fa!r's feet & implor$ ) te>s1 8 p>don2 b my fa!r /eadily repli$1 t x w\ld ru9 ! discipl9e ( ! plantation1 & t ! puni%m5t mu/ take place4 ,i wept 9 va91 & retir$ s griev$ & disgu/$1 t = "s days aft]1 ,i c\ld sc>cely be> ) pati5ce1 ! sight ( my own fa!r4 ,b _m mon?s _h n elaps$ ere ,i 0 z ready z any body to seize ! dome/ic :ip1 & flog my slaves )\t hesitation4' ,?is lady is "o ( ! mo/ ,*ri/ian & noble m9ds ( my acqua9tance4 ,%e & h] husb& di/+ui%$ !mselves sev]al ye>s ago1 9 ,jamaica1 by imm$iately emancipat+ _! slaves4 ,a lady1 n[ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 0 s5t 9 h] infancy1 to h] fri5ds1 ne> ,belfa/1 9 ,irel&1 = education4 ,%e rema9$ "u _! *>ge f five to fifte5 ye>s ( age1 & grew up e ?+ :i* h] fri5ds c\ld wi%4 ,at fifte51 %e return$ to ! ,we/ ,indies--0 m>ri$--& aft] "s ye>s paid h] fri5ds ne> ,belfa/1 a second visit4 ,t[>ds :ite p1 %e 0 ! same elegant1 & int]e/+ woman z be=e2 app>5tly full ( e virtu\s & t5d] feel+2 b t[>ds ! color$ p %e 0 l a tigress4 ,if ,wilb]=ce's "n 0 m5tion$1 %e w\ld say1 ',oh1 ,i wi% we _h ! wret* 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ,i w\ld be "o ( ! fir/ to help to te> 8 he>t out6'--& !n %e w\ld tell ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,we/ ,indian ladies us$ to treat _! slaves4 ',i h (t51' %e said1 ':5 my wom5 h displeas$ me1 snat*$ _! baby f _! bosom1 & runn+ ) x to a well1 h ti$ my %awl r\nd its %\ld]s & pret5d$ to be dr[n+ x3 oh1 x 0 s funny to he> ! "m's screams6'--& !n %e laugh$ almo/ convulsively at ! recollection4 ,mr4 ,,john ,m4 ,,nelson1 a native ( ,virg9ia1 ^: te/imony is on a prec$+ page1 furni%es a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! pr9ciple 9 8 own case4 ,he says3 ,:5 ,i 0 q a *ild1 ,i recollect x griev$ me v mu* to see "o ti$ up to be :ipp$1 & ,i us$ to int]c$e ) te>s 9 _! behalf1 & m+le my cries ) !irs1 & feel almo/ will+ to take "p ( ! puni%m5t4 ,yet su* is ! h>d5+ nature ( su* sc5es1 t f ?is k9d ( commis]ation = ! suff]+ slave1 ,i became s blunt$ t ,i c\ld n only witness _! /ripes ) composure1 b myself inflict !m1 & t )\t remorse4 ,:5 ,i 0 p]haps f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s ( age1 ,i und]took to correct a "y fell[ nam$ ,n$1 = "s suppos$ (f5ce1 ,i ?9k x 0 leav+ a bridle out ( its prop] place2 he be+ l>g] & /rong] ?an myself took hold ( my arms & held me1 9 ord] to prev5t my /rik+ him2 ?is ,i consid]$ ! height ( insol5ce1 & cri$ = help1 :5 my fa!r & "m bo? came runn+ to my rescue4 ,my fa!r /ripp$ & ti$ him1 & took him into ! or*>d1 :]e swit*es 7 pl5ty1 & direct$ me to :ip him2 :5 "o swit* wore out he suppli$ me ) o!rs4 ,aft] ,i _h :ipp$ him a :ile1 he fell on 8 knees to implore =giv5ess1 & ,i kick$ him 9 ! face2 my fa!r said1 'don't kick him b :ip him1' ?is ,i did until 8 back 0 lit]ally cov]$ ) welts4 ,w4,c4 ,,gild]sleeve1 ,esq41 a native ( ,georgia1 n[ eld] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 ,wilkes-b>re1 ,p5n4 aft] describ+ ! flogg+ ( a slave1 9 :i* 8 h&s 7 ti$ toge!r1 & ! slave hoi/$ by a rope1 s t 8 feet c\ld n t\* ! gr\nd2 9 :i* condition "o hundr$ la%es 7 inflict$1 says3 ,i /ood by & witness$ ! :ole )\t feel+ ! lea/ compassion2 s h>d5+ is ! influ5ce ( slav]y t x v mu* de/roys feel+ = ! slave4 ,mrs4 ,,*ild1 9 h] admirable ,appeal1 has ! foll[+ rem>ks3 ,! ladies :o remove f ! free ,/ates into ! slavehold+ ones almo/ inv>iably write t ! sight ( slav]y 0 at fir/ exce$+ly pa9ful2 b t !y soon become habituat$ to x2 & aft] a :ile1 !y are v apt to v9dicate ! sy/em1 ^u ! gr\nd t x is extremely conv5i5t to h su* submissive s]vants4 ,?is reason 0 actually giv5 by a lady ( my acqua9tance1 :o is consid]$ an unusually f]v5t ,*ri/ian4 ,yet ,*ri/ianity expressly tea*es u to love our neighbor z ourselves4 ,?is %[s h[ dang]\s x is1 = ev5 ! be/ ( u1 to become accu/om$ to :at is wrong4 ,a judici\s & b5evol5t fri5d lately told me ! /ory ( "o ( h] relatives1 :o m>ri$ a slave own]1 & remov$ to 8 plantation4 ,! lady 9 "q 0 consid]$ v amiable1 & _h a s]5e1 affectionate expression ( c\nt5ance4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s resid5ce among h] slaves1 %e visit$ ,new ,engl&4 ',h] hi/ory 0 writt5 9 h] face1' said my fri5d2 'its expression _h *ang$ into t ( a fi5d4 ,%e br\ght b few slaves ) h]2 & ^? few 7 ( c\rse compell$ to p]=m additional labor4 ,"o fai?ful negro woman nurs$ ! tw9s ( h] mi/ress1 & did all ! wa%+1 iron+1 & sc\r+4 ,if1 aft] a sleepless night ) ! re/less babes1 7driv5 f ! bosom ( _! "m17 %e p]=m$ h] toilsome avocations ) dim9i%$ activity1 h] mi/ress1 ) h] own lady-l h&s1 appli$ ! c[sk91 & ! neighborhood res\nd$ ) ! cries ( h] victim4 ,! in/rum5t ( puni%m5t 0 actually kept hang+ 9 ! entry1 to ! no small disgu/ ( h] ,new ,engl& visitors4 ',= my "p1' cont9u$ my fri5d1 ',i did n try to be polite to h]2 = ,i 0 n hypocrite en\gh to conceal my indignation4' ,! fact t ! greate/ cruelties may be ex]cis$ q unconsci\sly :5 cruelty has become a habit1 & t at ! same "t1 ! m9d may feel great sympa?y & commis]ation t[>ds o!r p]sons & ev5 t[>ds irrational animals1 is illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( ,tam]iane ! ,great4 ,9 8 ,life1 writt5 by himself1 he speaks ) ! greate/ s9c]ity & t5d]ness ( 8 grief at hav+ accid5tally cru%$ an ant2 & yet he ord]$ melt$ lead to be p\r$ d[n ! ?roats ( c]ta9 p]sons :o drank w9e contr>y to 8 comm&s4 ,he 0 manife/ly s9c]e 9 ?9k+ himself humane1 & :5 speak+ ( ! mo/ atroci\s cruelties p]petrat$ by himself1 x does n seem to ruffle 9 ! lea/ ! self-complac5cy ) :i* he reg>ds 8 own humanity & piety4 ,9 "o place he says1 ,i nev] und]took any?+ b ,i comm5c$ x plac+ my fai? on ,god--& he adds soon aft]1 ! p ( ,%iraz took "p ) ,%ah ,mansur1 & put my gov]nor to dea?2 ,i !re=e ord]$ a g5]al massacre ( all ! inhabitants4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ common caprices ( human nature1 = ! he>t to become by habit1 n only totally ins5sible to c]ta9 =ms ( cruelty1 :i* at fir/ gave x inexpressible pa91 b ev5 to f9d its *ief amusem5t 9 su* cruelties1 till utt]ly intoxicat$ by _! /imulation2 :ile at ! same "t ! m9d seems to be pa9$ z ke5ly z ev]1 at =ms ( cruelty to :i* x has n become accu/om$1 ?us reta9+ app>5tly ! same g5]al susceptibilities4 ,illu/rations ( ?is are to be f\nd e :]e2 "o happ5s to lie be=e u4 ,b\rgo+1 9 8 hi/ory ( mod]n ,spa91 speak+ ( ! bull fights1 ! b>b>\s national amusem5t ( ! ,spani>ds1 says3 ,"y ladies1 old m51 p ( all ages & ( all *>act]s are pres5t1 & yet ! habit ( att5d+ ^! bloody fe/ivals does n correct _! weakness or _! timidity1 nor injure ! sweetness ( _! mann]s4 ,i h moreov] kn[n =eign]s1 di/+ui%$ by ! g5tl5ess ( _! mann]s1 :o exp]i5c$ at fir/ see+ a bull-fight su* v viol5t emotions z made !m turn pale1 & !y became ill2 b1 not)/&+1 ?is ent]ta9m5t became aft]w>ds an irresi/ible attraction1 )\t op]at+ any revolution 9 _! *>act]s4 ,mod]n ,/ate ( ,spa91 by ,j4 ,f4 ,b\rgo+1 ,m9i/] ,pl5ipot5ti>y f ,france to ! ,c\rt ( ,madrid1 ,vol ii41 page #cdb4 ,x is ! novelty ( cruelty1 r ?an ! degree1 :i* repels mo/ m9ds4 ,cruelty 9 a new =m1 h[ev] slight1 w (t5 pa9 a m9d t is totally unmov$ by ! mo/ horrible cruelties 9 a =m to :i* x is accu/om$4 ,:5 ,pompey 0 at ! z5i? ( 8 popul>ity 9 ,rome1 he ord]$ "s elephants to be tortur$ 9 ! amphi!atre = ! amusem5t ( ! populace2 ?is 0 ! fir/ "t !y _h witness$ ! torture ( ^? animals1 & ?\gh = ye>s accu/om$ to witness 9 ! same place1 ! torture ( lions1 tig]s1 leop>ds1 & almo/ all sorts ( wild bea/s1 z well z t ( m5 ( all nations1 & to %\t acclamations ov] _! agonies1 yet1 ?is novel =m ( cruelty s %ock$ ! behold]s1 t ! mo/ popul> man 9 ,rome 0 execrat$ z a cruel mon/]1 & came ne> fall+ a victim to ! fury ( ^? :o j be=e 7 ready to adore him4 ,we w n[ briefly notice ano!r objection1 some:at ak9 to ! prec$+1 & bas$ ma9ly ^u ! same & simil> fallacies4 ,,objection ,,iii4--',,slavehold]s ,,are ,,prov]bial ,,= ,,_! ,,k9dness1 ,,hospitality1 ,,b5evol5ce1 ,,& ,,g5]osity4' ,multitudes sc\t z fictions ! cruelties inflict$ ^u slaves1 because slavehold]s are fam$ = _! c\rtesy & hospitality4 ,!y tell u t _! g5]\s & k9d att5tions to _! gue/s1 & _! well-kn[n sympa?y = ! suff]+1 suffici5tly prove ! *>ges ( cruelty br\ght aga9/ !m to be calumnies1 ( :i* _! uni=m "* is a triumphant refutation4 ,n[ t slavehold]s are prov]bially hospitable to _! gue/s1 & sp>e nei!r pa9s nor exp5se 9 m9i/]+ to _! accommodation & pleasure1 is freely admitt$ & easily acc\nt$ =4 ,t ^? :o make _! inf]iors "w = !m1 )\t pay1 %\ld be c\rte\s & hospitable to ^? ( _! equals & sup]iors ^: good op9ions !y desire1 is human nature 9 its e-day dress4 ,! objection consi/s ( a fact & an inf]5ce3 ! fact1 t slavehold]s h a special c>e to ! accommodation ( _! gue/s2 ! inf]5ce1 t !re=e !y mu/ seek ! com=t ( _! slaves--t z !y are bl& & oblig+ to _! equals1 !y mu/ be mild & condesc5d+ to _! inf]iors--t z ! wrongs ( _! own grade excite _! indignation1 & _! woes move _! sympa?ies1 !y mu/ be t\*$ by ^? ( _! *attels--t z !y are full ( pa9s-tak+ t[>d ^? ^: good op9ions & good (fices !y seek1 !y w1 ( c\rse1 %[ special att5tion to ^? to ^: good op9ions !y are indiff]5t1 & ^: good (fices !y c compel--t z !y honor ! lit]>y & sci5tific1 !y mu/ treat ) high consid]ation ^? to :om !y d5y ! alphabet--t z !y are c\rte\s to c]ta9 p]sons1 !y mu/ be s to prop]ty--eag] to anticipate ! wi%es ( visitors1 !y _c b gratify ^? ( _! vassals--jeal\s = ! rights ( ! ,texans1 quick to feel at ! disfran*isem5t ( ,canadians & ( ,iri%m51 alive to ! oppressions ( ! ,greeks & ! ,poles1 !y mu/ feel ke5ly = _! negroes6 ,su* conclusions f su* premises d n call = s]i\s refutation4 ,ev5 a half-gr[n boy1 :o %\ld argue1 t because m5 h c]ta9 feel+s t[>d c]ta9 p]sons 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 !y mu/ h ! same feel+s t[>d all p]sons 9 all circum/ances1 or t[>d p]sons 9 opposite circum/ances1 ( totally diff]5t grades1 habits1 & p]sonal peculi>ities1 might fairly be set d[n z a hopeless simpleton3 & yet1 m5 ( s5se & reflection on o!r subjects1 seem b5t ^u /ultify+ !mselves by j su* %all[ inf]5ces f ! fact1 t slavehold]s are hospitable & g5]\s to c]ta9 p]sons 9 c]ta9 grades ( society belong+ to _! own ca/e4 ,on ! gr\nd ( ?is reason+1 all ! crimes ev] committ$ may be disprov$1 by %[+1 t _! p]petrators 7 hospitable & g5]\s to ^? :o sympa?iz$ & co-op]at$ ) !m4 ,to prove t a man does n hate "o ( 8 neighbors1 x is only necess>y to %[ t he loves ano!r2 to make x appe> t he does n treat contemptu\sly ! ignorant1 he has only to %[ t he b[s respectfully to ! le>n$2 to demon/rate t he does n disda9 8 inf]iors1 "l x ov] 8 dep5d5ts1 & gr9d ! faces ( ! poor1 he ne$ only %[ t he is polite to ! ri*1 pays def]5ce to titles & (fice1 & fawns = favor ^u ^? above him6 ,! fact t a man always smiles on 8 cu/om]s1 proves t he nev] sc[ls at ^? :o dun him6 & s9ce he has always a melodi\s good morn+6 = g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+1 x is c]ta9 t he nev] sn>ls at begg>s4 ,he :o is quick to make room = a doctor ( div9ity1 w1 ( c\rse1 see to x t he nev] runs aga9/ a port]2 & he :o cle>s ! way = a lady1 w be sure nev] to rub aga9/ a m>ket woman1 or jo/le an apple-sell]'s bo>d4 ,if accus$ ( beat+ d[n 8 laundress to ! l[e/ fraction1 ( mak+ 8 boot-black call a doz5 times = 8 pay1 ( higgl+ & screw+ a fi% boy till he takes (f two c5ts1 or ( ?reat5+ to dis*>ge 8 seam/ress unless %e w "w = a %ill+ a day1 h[ easy to br& x all z sl&]1 by %[+ t he pays 8 m9i/] 9 advance1 is g5]\s 9 ,*ri/mas pres5ts1 gives a spl5did new-ye>'s p>ty1 exp5ds hundr$s on elections1 & puts 8 "n ) a r\nd sum on ! subscription pap] ( ! mission>y society4 ,:o c =get ! hospitality ( ,k+ ,h]od1 t model ( g5]osity beyond all anci5t fame1 :o (f]$ half 8 k+dom to a gue/1 z a comp5sation = an h\r's amusem5t4--,c\ld su* a noble _s h murd]$ ,john ! ,bapti/8 ,incr$ible6 ,joab too6 h[ 8 s(t he>t 0 pi]c$ at ! exile ( ,absalom6 & h[ 8 b[els ye>n$ to re/ore him to 8 home6 ,( c\rse1 x is all fiction ab\t 8 assass9at+ 8 nephew1 ,amasa1 & ,abn] ! capta9 ( ! ho/6 ,s9ce ,david twice sp>$ ! life ( ,saul :5 he came to murd] him1 wept on ! neck ( ,jona?an1 ?rew himself ^u ! gr\nd 9 angui% :5 8 *ild sick5$1 & bewail$1 ) a brok5 he>t1 ! loss ( ,absalom--x proves t he did n coolly plot & delib]ately consummate ! murd] ( ,uriah6 ,z ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates g5]\sly gave a t[n%ip ( l& to ,g5]al ,la ,fayette1 x proves t !y h nev] defraud$ ! ,indians ( !irs6 ,s ! fact1 t ! slavehold]s ( ! pres5t ,congress are1 to a man1 favorable to recogniz+ ! indep5d5ce ( ,texas1 ) h] fifty or sixty ?\s& inhabitants1 be=e %e has a*iev$ x1 & be=e x is recogniz$ by any o!r gov]nm5t1 proves t ^! same slavehold]s d n oppose ! recognition ( ,hayti1 ) h] million ( inhabitants1 ^: indep5d5ce 0 a*iev$ ne>ly half a c5tury ago1 & :i* is recogniz$ by ! mo/ p[]ful gov]nm5ts on e>?6 ,b1 s]i\sly1 no man is s slightly v]s$ 9 human nature z n to "k t m5 habitually ex]cise ! mo/ opposite feel+s1 & indulge 9 ! mo/ opposite practices t[>d diff]5t p]sons or diff]5t classes ( p]sons ar\nd !m4 ,no man has ev] liv$ :o 0 m celebrat$ = 8 scrupul\s obs]vance ( ! mo/ exact ju/ice1 & = ! illu/ration furni%$ 9 8 life ( ! noble/ natural virtues1 ?an ! ,roman ,cato4 ,8 /rict adh]5ce to ! nice/ rules ( equity--8 integrity1 honor1 & incorruptible fai?--8 jeal\s wat*fulness ov] ! rights ( 8 fell[ citiz5s1 & 8 g5]\s devotion to _! int]e/1 procur$ = him ! sublime appellation ( ,! ,j4 ,t[>ds freem5 8 life 0 a model ( e ?+ j & noble3 b to 8 slaves he 0 a mon/]4 ,at 8 meals1 :5 ! di%es 7 n done to 8 lik+1 or :5 8 slaves 7 c>eless or inatt5tive 9 s]v+1 he w\ld seize a ?ong & viol5tly beat !m1 9 pres5ce ( 8 gue/s4--,:5 !y grew old or diseas$1 & 7 no long] s]viceable1 h[ev] long & fai?fully !y might h s]v$ him1 he ei!r turn$ !m adrift & left !m to p]i%1 or />v$ !m to dea? 9 8 own family4 ,no facts 9 8 hi/ory are bett] au!nticat$ ?an ^!4 ,no p 7 ev] m hospitable & munific5t ?an ! ,romans1 & none m t\*$ ) ! suff]+s ( o!rs4 ,_! public !atres (t5 rung ) l\d weep+1 ?\s&s sobb+ convulsively at once ov] fictiti\s woes & imag9>y suff]]s3 & yet ^! same multitudes w\ld %\t amid/ ! groans ( a ?\s& dy+ gladiators1 =c$ by _! conqu]ors to kill ea* o!r 9 ! amphi!atre = ! amusem5t ( ! public4#bb ,footnote #bb3 ,dr4 ,lel&1 9 8 ,necessity ( a ,div9e ,revelation1 ?us describes ! preval5ce ( ^! %[s among ! ,romans3--,!y 7 exhibit$ at ! fun]als ( great & ri* m51 & on _m o!r occasions1 by ! ,roman consuls1 praetors1 a$iles1 s5ators1 knights1 prie/s1 & almo/ all t bore great (fices 9 ! /ate1 z well z by ! emp]ors2 & 9 g5]al1 by all t _h a m9d to make an int]e/ ) ! p1 :o 7 extravagantly fond ( ^? k9ds ( %[s4 ,n only ! m51 b ! wom51 ran eag]ly aft] !m2 :o 71 by ! preval5ce ( cu/om1 s f> dive/$ ( t compassion & s(tness :i* is natural to ! sex1 t !y took a pleasure 9 see+ !m kill "o ano!r1 & only desir$ t !y %\ld fall g5teelly1 & 9 an agreeable attitude4 ,su* 0 ! frequ5cy ( ^? %[s1 & s great ! numb] ( m5 t 7 kill$ on ^? occasions1 t ,lipsius says1 no w> caus$ su* slaught] ( mank9d1 z did ^! sports ( pleasure1 ?r\gh\t ! sev]al prov9ces ( ! va/ ,roman empire4--,lel&'s ,neces4 ( ,div4 ,rev4 vol4 ii4 p4 #ea4 ,alex&]1 ! tyrant ( ,pha]es1 sobb$ l a *ild ov] ! mis=tunes ( ! ,trojan que5s1 :5 ! trag$y ( ,&roma*e & ,hecuba 0 play$ be=e him2 yet he us$ to murd] 8 subjects e day = no crime1 & )\t ev5 sett+ up ! pret5ce ( any1 b m]ely to make himself sport4 ,! fact t slavehold]s may be full ( b5evol5ce & k9dness t[>d _! equals & t[>d :ites g5]ally1 ev5 s mu* s z to attract ! e/eem & admiration ( all1 :ile !y treat ) ! mo/ inhuman neglect _! own slaves1 is well illu/rat$ by a circum/ance m5tion$ by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,*ann+1 ( ,bo/on1 7:o once liv$ 9 ,virg9ia17 is 8 "w on slav]y1 p4 #afb1 #a/ edition3-- ,i _c1 says ! doctor1 =get my feel+s on visit+ a hospital belong+ to ! plantation ( a g5tleman highly e/eem$ = 8 virtues1 & ^: mann]s & conv]sation express$ mu* b5evol5ce & consci5ti\sness4 ,:5 ,i ent]$ ) him ! hospital1 ! fir/ object on :i* my eye fell 0 a "y woman v ill1 probably approa*+ dea?4 ,%e 0 /ret*$ on ! floor4 ,h] head re/$ on some?+ l a pill[1 b h] body & limbs 7 ext5d$ on ! h>d bo>ds4 ,! own]1 ,i d\bt n1 _h1 at lea/1 z mu* k9dness z myself2 b he 0 s us$ to see ! slaves liv+ )\t common com=ts1 t ! idea ( unk9dness 9 ! pres5t in/ance did n ent] 8 m9d4 ,mr4 ,,george ,a4 ,,av]y1 an eld] ( a ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y4 :o resid$ "s ye>s 9 ,virg9ia1 says3-- ,on "o occasion ,i 0 cross+ ! plantation & approa*+ ! h\se ( a fri5d1 :5 ,i met him1 rifle 9 h&1 9 pursuit ( "o ( 8 negroes1 decl>+ he w\ld %oot him 9 a mom5t if he got 8 eye ^u him4 ,x appe>$ t ! slave _h refus$ to be flogg$1 & ran (f to avoid ! consequ5ces2 & yet ! g5]\s hospitality ( ?is man to myself1 & :ite fri5ds g5]ally1 sc>cely knew any b\nds4 ,!re 7 among/ my slavehold+ fri5ds & acqua9tances1 p]sons :o 7 z humane & consci5ti\s z m5 c be1 & p]si/ 9 ! impi\s claim ( prop]ty 9 a fell[ be+4 ,/ill ,i c recollect b "o in/ance ( corporal puni%m5t1 :e!r ! subject 7 male or female1 9 :i* ! infliction 0 n on ! b>e back ) ! raw hide1 or a simil> in/rum5t1 ! subject be+ ti$ dur+ ! op]ation to a po/ or tree4 ,! exception 0 "u ! foll[+ circum/ances4 ,i _h tak5 a walk ) a fri5d on 8 plantation1 & approa*+ 8 gang ( slaves1 ,i sat d[n :il/ he proce$$ to ! spot :]e !y 7 at "w2 & address+ himself some:at e>ne/ly to a female :o 0 wield+ ! hoe1 9 a mom5t caught up :at ,i suppos$ a tobacco /ick1 7a /ick "s ?ree feet 9 l5g? on :i* ! tobacco1 :5 out1 is susp5d$ to dry47 ab\t ! size ( a man's wri/1 & laid on a numb] ( bl[s furi\sly ov] h] head4 ,! woman cr\*$1 & seem$ /unn$ ) ! bl[s1 b pres5tly recomm5c$ ! motion ( h] hoe4 ,dr4 ,,david ,,nelson1 a native ( ,t5nessee1 & late presid5t ( ,m>ion ,college1 ,miss\ri1 9 a lecture at ,nor?ampton1 ,mass4 9 ,janu>y1 #ahci1 made ! foll[+ /atem5t3-- ,i rememb] a "y lady :o play$ well on ! piano1 & 0 v ready to weep ov] any fictiti\s tale ( suff]+4 ,i 0 pres5t :5 "o ( h] slaves lay on ! floor 9 a high fev]1 & we fe>$ %e might n recov]4 ,i saw t "y lady /amp ^u h] ) h] feet2 & ! only rem>k h] "m made 01 ',i am afraid ,evel9a is too mu* prejudic$ aga9/ poor ,m>y4' ,g5]al ,,william ,,eaton1 = "s ye>s ,u4,s4 ,consul at ,tunis1 & comm&] ( ! exp$ition aga9/ ,tripoli1 9 #ahie1 ?us gives v5t to 8 feel+s at ! sight ( _m hundr$s ( ,s>d9ians :o _h be5 enslav$ by ! ,tunisians3 ,_m h di$ ( grief1 & ! o!rs l+] out a life less tol]able ?an dea?4 ,alas6 remorse seizes my :ole s\l :5 ,i reflect1 t ?is is inde$ b a copy ( ! v b>b>ity :i* my eyes h se5 9 my own native c\ntry4 ,h[ frequ5tly1 9 ! s\!rn /ates ( my own c\ntry1 h ,i se5 weep+ mo!rs lead+ ! guiltless infant to ! sales ) z deep angui% z if !y l$ !m to ! slaught]2 & yet felt my bosom tranquil 9 ! view ( ^! aggressions on def5celess humanity4 ,b :5 ,i see ! same enormities practis$ ^u be+s ^: complexions & blood claim k9dr$ ) my own1 ,i curse ! p]petrators1 & weep ov] ! wret*$ victims ( _! rapacity4 ,inde$1 tru? & ju/ice dem& f me ! confession1 t ! ,*ri/ian slaves among ! b>b>ians ( ,africa are treat$ ) m humanity ?an ! ,african slaves among pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians ( civiliz$ ,am]ica2 & yet "h 9 ,tunis s5sibility ble$s at e pore = ! wret*es :om fate has doom$ to slav]y4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,,lyman1 late pa/or ( ! free ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 ,buffalo1 ,n4,y4 :o sp5t ! w9t] ( #ahcb-c at ! s\?1 says3-- ,9 ! int]ior ( ,mississippi ,i 0 invit$ to ! h\se ( a plant]1 :]e ,i 0 receiv$ ) great cordiality1 & ent]ta9$ ) m>k$ hospitality4 ,!re ,i saw a ma/] 9 ! mid/ ( 8 h\sehold slaves4 ,! ev5+ pass$ mo/ pleasantly1 z inde$ x mu/1 :]e assidu\s hospitalities are ex]cis$ t[>ds ! gue/4 ,late 9 ! morn+1 :5 ,i _h ga9$ ! t>dy cons5t ( my ho/ to g on my way1 z a f9al act ( k9dness1 he call$ a slave to %[ me across ! fields by a ne>] r\te to ! ma9 road4 ',david1' said he1 'g & %[ ?is g5tleman z f> z ! po/-(fice4 ,d y "k ! big bay tree8' ',yes1 sir4' ',d y "k :]e ! cotton mill is8' ',yes1 sir4' ',:]e ,squire ,malcolm's old field is8' ',y--e--s1 sir1' said ,david1 7beg9n+ to be bewild]$74 ',d y "k :]e ,squire ,malcolm's cotton field is8' ',no1 sir4' ',no1 sir1' said ! enrag$ ma/]1 levell+ 8 gun at him4 ',:at d y /& "h1 say+1 ,yes1 yes1 yes1 =1 :5 y don't "k8' ,all ?is 0 accompani$ ) ?reats & imprecations1 & a mann] t contra/$ /rangely ) ! religi\s conv]sation & g5tle mann]s ( ! previ\s ev5+4 ,! ,rev4 ,,james ,h4 ,,dickey1 =m]ly a slavehold] 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 n[ pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,h5nep91 ,ill4 9 8 ,review ( ,nev9s' ,biblical ,antiquities1 aft] ass]t+ t slavehold+ t5ds to beget a _s ( cruelty & tyranny1 & to de/roy e g5]\s & noble feel+1 7page #cc17 he adds ! foll[+ z a note3-- ,x may be t ?is w be consid]$ c5sori\s1 & ! prov]bial g5]osity & hospitality ( ! s\? w be appeal$ to z a full confutation ( x4 ,! writ] ?9ks he c appreciate s\!rn k9dness & hospitality4 ,hav+ be5 born 9 ,virg9ia1 rais$ & educat$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,k5tucky1 he is altoge!r s\!rn 9 8 feel+s1 & habits1 & modes ( famili> conv]sation4 ,he c say ( ! s\? z ,c[p] said ( ,engl&1 ',) all ?y faults ,i love !e /ill1 my c\ntry4' ,& no?+ b ! abom9ations ( slav]y c\ld h induc$ him will+ly to =sake a l& ende>$ to him by all ! associations ( *ildhood & y\?4 ,yet x is c&id to admit t x is n all gold t glitt]s4 ,!re is a fictiti\s k9dness & hospitality4 ,! fam\s ,rob9 ,hood 0 k9d & g5]\s--no man m hospitable--he robb$ ! ri* to supply ! necessities ( ! poor4 ,o!rs rob ! poor to be/[ gifts & lavi% k9dness & hospitality on _! ri* fri5ds & neighbors4 ,x is an easy matt] = a man to appe> k9d & g5]\s1 :5 he be/[s t :i* o!rs h e>n$4 ,i said1 !re is a fictiti\s k9dness & hospitality4 ,i once knew a man :o left 8 wife & *ildr5 ?ree days1 )\t fire-wood1 )\t bread-/uff & )\t %oes1 :ile ! gr\nd 0 cov]$ ) sn[--t he might indulge 9 8 cups4 ,& :5 ,i attempt$ to expo/ulate ) him1 he took ! subject out ( my h&s1 & expatiat+ on ! evils ( intemp]ance m eloqu5tly ?an ,i c\ld1 conclud$ by w>n+ me1 ) te>s1 to avoid ! sn>es ( ! latt]4 ,he _h t5d] feel+s1 yet a h>d he>t4 ,i once knew a "y lady ( poli%$ mann]s & accompli%$ education1 :o w\ld weep ) sympa?y ov] ! fictiti\s woes exhibit$ 9 a novel4 ,& wak+ f h] rev]ie ( grief1 :ile h] eye 0 yet wet ) te>s1 w\ld call h] little wait]1 & if %e did n appe> at ! fir/ call1 w\ld rap h] head ) h] ?imble till my head a*$4 ,i knew a man :o 0 fam$ = k9dly sympa?ies4 ,he once took (f 8 %irt & gave x to a poor :ite man4 ,! same man hir$ a black man1 & gave him = 8 daily task1 ?r\gh ! w9t]1 to fe$ ! bea/s1 keep fires1 & make "o hundr$ rails3 & 9 case ( failure ! la% 0 appli$ s freely1 t1 9 ! spr+1 8 back 0 "o cont9u$ sore1 f 8 %\ld]s to 8 wai/4 ,yet ?is man 0 a pr(essor ( religion1 & fam\s = 8 t5d] sympa?ies to :ite m56 ,,objection ,,iv4--',,nor!rn ,,visitors ,,at ,,! ,,s\? ,,te/ify ,,t ,,! ,,slaves ,,are ,,n ,,cruelly ,,treat$4' ,,answ]3--,_! k on ?is po9t mu/ h be5 d]iv$1 ei!r f ! slavehold]s & ov]se]s !mselves1 or f ! slaves1 or f _! own obs]vation4 ,if f ! slavehold]s1 _! te/imony has already be5 weigh$ & f\nd want+2 if !y d]iv$ x f ! slaves1 !y c h>dly be s simple z to suppose t ! gue/1 associate & fri5d ( ! ma/]1 w\ld be likely to draw f 8 slaves any o!r te/imony respect+ 8 treatm5t ( !m1 ?an su* z w\ld please him4 ,! great %rewdness & tact exhibit$ by slaves 9 keep+ !mselves out ( difficulty1 :5 close que/ion$ by /rang]s z to _! treatm5t1 _c fail to /rike e accurate obs]v]4 ,! foll[+ rem>ks ( ,,*ief ,,ju/ice ,,h5d]son1 a ,nor? ,c>ol9a slavehold]1 9 8 decision 79 #ahcj17 9 ! case ( ! ,/ate v]sus ,*>ity1 #b ,dev]eaux's ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,reports1 #eac1 illu/rate ! folly ( argu+ ! good treatm5t ( slaves f _! own decl>ations1 :ile 9 ! p[] ( _! ma/]s4 ,9 ! case above cit$1 ! ,*ief ,ju/ice1 9 refus+ to p]mit a ma/] to give 9 evid5ce1 decl>ations made to him by 8 slave1 says ( ma/]s & slaves g5]ally-- ,! ma/] has an almo/ absolute control ov] ! body & m9d ( 8 slave4 ,! ma/]'s w is ! slave's w4 ,all 8 acts1 all 8 say+s1 are made ) a view to propitiate 8 ma/]4 ,8 confessions are made1 n f a love ( tru?1 n f a s5se ( duty1 n to speak a falsehood1 b to please 8 ma/]--& x is 9 va9 t 8 ma/] tells him to speak ! tru? & conceals f him h[ he wi%es ! "q answ]$4 ,! slave w asc]ta91 or1 :i* is ! same ?+1 ?9k t he has asc]ta9$ ! wi%es ( 8 ma/]1 & ,,m\ld ,,8 ,,answ] ,,accord+ly4 ,we !re=e m (t5 get ! wi%es ( ! ma/]1 or ! slave's belief ( 8 wi%es1 ?an ! tru?4 ,! foll[+ extract ( a lett] f ! ,hon4 ,,se? ,m4 ,,gates1 memb] elect ( ! next ,congress1 furni%es a clue by :i* to int]pret ! looks1 actions1 & prote/ations ( slaves1 :5 9 ! pres5ce ( _! ma/]s' gue/s1 & ! pa9s sometimes tak5 by slavehold]s1 9 tea*+ _! slaves ! art ( pret5d+ t !y are treat$ well1 love _! ma/]s1 are happy1 c4 ,! lett] is dat$ ,l]oy1 ,jan4 #d1 #ahci4 ,i h s5t y\r lett] to ,rev4 ,joseph ,m4 ,sadd1 ,ca/ile1 ,g5esee c\nty1 :o resid$ five ye>s 9 a slave /ate1 & left1 disgu/$ ) slav]y4 ,i tru/ he w give y "s facts4 ,i rememb] "o fact1 :i* 8 wife witness$4 ,a relative1 :]e %e bo>d$1 return+ to 8 plantation aft] a tempor>y abs5ce1 0 n met by 8 s]vants ) su* demon/rations ( joy z 0 _! wont4 ,he ord]$ 8 horse put out1 took d[n 8 :ip1 ord]$ 8 s]vants to ! b>n1 & gave !m a mo/ cruel beat+1 because !y did n run out to meet him1 & pret5d great atta*m5t to him4 ,mrs4 ,sadd _h ov]he>d ! s]vants agree+ n to g out1 be=e 8 return1 z !y said !y did n love him--& ?is l$ h] to wat* 8 conduct to !m4 ,?is man 0 a pr(essor ( religion6 ,if ^! nor!rn visitors d]iv$ _! in=mation t ! slaves are n cruelly treat$ f _! own obs]vation1 x am\nts to ?is1 !y did n see cruelties inflict$ on ! slaves4 ,to :i* we reply1 t ! prec$+ pages conta9 te/imony f hundr$s ( witnesses1 :o te/ify t !y did see ! cruelties :]e( !y affirm4 ,besides ?is1 !y conta9 ! solemn decl>ations ( scores ( slavehold]s !mselves1 9 all p>ts ( ! slave /ates1 t ! slaves are cruelly treat$4 ,^! decl>ations are moreov] fully corroborat$1 by ! laws ( slave /ates1 by a multitude ( adv]tisem5ts 9 _! newspap]s1 describ+ runaway slaves1 by _! sc>s1 br&s1 ga%es1 maim+s1 cropp$ e>s1 iron coll>s1 *a9s1 c4 c4 ,truly1 aft] ! =ego+ array ( facts & te/imony1 & aft] ! objectors' =ces h "o aft] ano!r fil$ (f be=e !m1 n[ to m>* up a phalanx ( nor!rn visitors1 is to beat a retreat4 ',visitors6' ,:at insight d casual visitors get into ! temp]s & daily practices ( ^? :om !y visit1 or ( ! treatm5t t _! slaves receive at _! h&s1 especially if ^! visitors are /rang]s1 & f a region :]e !re are no slaves1 & :i* claims to be oppos$ to slav]y8 ,:at opportunity has a /rang]1 & a tempor>y gue/1 to le>n ! e-day habits & caprices ( 8 ho/8 ,oh1 ^! nor!rn visitors tell u !y h visit$ scores ( families at ! s\? & nev] saw a ma/] or mi/ress :ip _! slaves4 ,inde$6 ,!y h1 d\btless1 visit$ hundr$s ( families at ! nor?--did !y ev] see1 on su* occasions1 ! fa!r or "m :ip _! *ildr58 ,if s1 !y mu/ associate ) v ill-br$ p]sons4 ,because well-br$ p>5ts d n :ip _! *ildr5 9 ! pres5ce1 or )9 ! he>+ ( _! gue/s are we to inf] t !y nev] d x out ( _! sight & he>+8 ,b p]haps ! fact t ^! visitors d n rememb] see+ slavehold]s /rike _! slaves1 m]ely proves1 t !y _h s little feel+ = !m1 t ?\gh !y might be /ruck e day 9 _! pres5ce1 yet z !y 7 only slaves & 'nigg]s1' x produc$ no effect ^u !m2 consequ5tly !y h no impressions to recall4 ,^! visitors h also d\btless rode ) scores ( slavehold]s4 ,are !y q c]ta9 !y ev] saw !m :ip _! horses8 & c !y recall ! p]sons1 times1 places1 & circum/ances8 ,b ev5 if ^! visitors reg>d$ ! slaves ) "s k9d feel+s1 :5 !y fir/ w5t to ! s\?1 yet be+ con/antly ) _! oppressors1 see+ !m us$ z articles ( prop]ty1 accu/om$ to he> !m *>g$ ) all k9ds ( misdemeanors1 _! e>s fill$ ) compla9ts ( _! laz9ess1 c>elessness1 insol5ce1 ob/9acy1 /upidity1 !fts1 elopem5ts1 c4 & at ! same "t1 receiv+ !mselves ! mo/ gratify+ att5tions & c>esses f ! same p]sons1 :o1 :ile !y make to !m ^! repres5tations ( _! slaves1 are giv+ !m air+s 9 _! coa*es1 mak+ p>ties = !m1 tak+ !m on excursions ( pleasure1 lavi%+ ^u !m _! *oice/ hospitalities1 & urg+ !m to protract indef9itely _! /ay--:at m natural ?an = ! flatt]$ gue/ to admire su* hospitable p1 cat* _! _s1 & fully sympa?ize ) _! feel+s t[>d _! slaves1 reg>d+ ) increas$ disgu/ & av]sion ^? :o c habitually tease & worry su* lovel9ess & g5]osity#bc4 ,aft] ! visitor _h be5 9 contact ) ! slave-hold+ _s long en\gh to h imbib$ x1 7no v t$i\s process17 a cuff1 or ev5 a kick adm9i/]$ to a slave1 w\ld n be likely to give him su* a %ock t 8 memory w\ld long reta9 ! traces ( x4 ,b le/ we d ^! visitors inju/ice1 we w suppose t !y c>ri$ ) !m to ! s\? humane feel+s = ! slave1 & t ^? feel+s rema9$ unblunt$2 /ill1 :at opportunity c\ld !y h to witness ! actual condition ( ! slaves8 ,!y come 9 contact ) ! h\se-s]vants only1 & z a g5]al ?+1 ) none b ! select ones ( ^!1 ! p>lor-s]vants2 :o g5]ally diff] z widely 9 _! appe>ance & treatm5t f ! cooks & scullions 9 ! kit*51 z p>lor furniture does f ! kit*5 ut5sils4 ,c]ta9 s]vants are assign$ to ! p>lor1 j z c]ta9 articles ( furniture are select$ = x1 to be se5--& x is no less ridicul\s to inf] t ! kit*5 scullions are clo!d & treat$ l ^? s]vants :o wait at ! table1 & are 9 ! pres5ce ( gue/s1 ?an to inf] t ! kit*5 is set out ) s(as1 ottomans1 piano-=tes1 & full-l5g? mirrors1 because ! p>lor is4 ,b ! h\se-slaves are only a fraction ( ! :ole numb]4 ,! field-h&s con/itute ! great mass ( ! slaves1 & ^! ! visitors r>ely get a glimpse at4 ,!y are away at _! "w by day-break1 & d n return to _! huts till d>k4 ,_! huts are commonly at "s di/ance f ! ma/]'s mansion1 & ! fields 9 :i* !y labor1 g5]ally mu* f>!r1 & out ( sight4 ,if ! visitor trav]ses ! plantation1 c>e is tak5 t he does n g alone2 if he expresses a wi% to see x1 ! horses are saddl$1 & ! ma/] or 8 son gallops ! r\nds ) him2 if he expresses a desire to see ! slaves at "w1 8 conductor w "k :]e to take him1 & :51 & :i* ( !m to %[2 ! ov]se]1 too1 kn[s q too well ! "p he has to act on su* occasions1 to %ock ! un9itiat$ e>s ( ! visitors ) ! %rieks ( 8 victims4 ,x is manife/ t visitors c see only ! lea/ repulsive p>ts ( slav]y1 inasmu* z x is :olly at ! option ( ! ma/]1 :at p>ts to %[ !m2 z a matt] ( necessity1 he c see only ! outside--& t1 l ! outside ( doorknobs & &irons is furbi%$ up to be look$ at4 ,s long z x is human nature to we> ! be/ side out1 s long ! nor!rn gue/s ( s\!rn slavehold]s w see next to no?+ ( ! reality ( slav]y4 ,^? visitors may /ill keep up _! autumnal migrations to ! slave /ates1 &1 aft] a ha/y survey ( ! t9sel hung be=e ! curta9 ( slav]y1 )\t a s+le glance beh9d x1 & at ! pa9t & v>ni% t cov] up dead m5's bones1 & :ile ^? :o h hoax$ !m ) _! smoo? /ories & :ite-wa%$ specim5s ( slav]y1 are titt]+ at _! gullibility1 !y return 9 ! spr+ on ! same fool's-err& ) _! pr$ecessors1 retail+ _! lesson1 & m\?+ ! praises ( ! ma/]s1 & ! com=ts ( ! slaves4 ,!y n[ become village umpires 9 all disputes ab\t ! condition ( ! slaves1 & ea* !nce =w>d ends all controv]sies ) 8 oracul>1 ,i've se51 & sure ,i ought to "k4 ,footnote #bc3 ,well sai? ! ,scripture1 ,a gift bl9de? ! eyes4 ,! slaves und]/& ?is1 ?\gh ! gue/ may n2 !y "k v well t !y h no sympa?y to expect f _! ma/]'s gue/s2 t ! good *e] ( ! big h\se1 & ! att5tions %[n !m1 w g5]ally commit !m 9 _! ma/]'s favor1 & aga9/ !mselves4 ,messrs4 ,?ome & ,kimball1 9 _! late "w1 /ate ! foll[+ fact1 9 illu/ration ( ?is feel+ among ! negro appr5tices 9 ,jamaica4 ,! gov]nor ( "o ( ! isl&s1 %ortly aft] 8 arrival1 d9$ ) "o ( ! weal?ie/ proprietors4 ,! next day "o ( ! negroes ( ! e/ate said to ano!r1 ,de new gubn] be5 poison'd4 ,:at dat y say8 inquir$ ! o!r 9 a/oni%m5t1 ,de gubn] be5 poison'd6 ,dah1 n[6--,h[ him poison$8 ,him eat massa's turtle s\p la/ night1 said ! %rewd negro4 ,! o!r took 8 mean+ at once2 & 8 sympa?y = ! gov]nor 0 turn$ into conc]n = himself1 :5 he p]ceiv$ t ! poison 0 "o f :i* he 0 likely to suff] m ?an 8 excell5cy4--,emancipation 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 p4 #ccd4 ,b all nor!rn visitors at ! s\? are n ?us easily gull$4 ,_m ( !m1 z ! prec$+ pages %[1 h too mu* s5se to be caught ) *aff4 ,we may add "h1 t ^? classes ( visitors ^: repres5tations ( ! treatm5t ( slaves are mo/ influ5tial 9 m\ld+ ! op9ions ( ! free /ates1 are m9i/]s ( ! gospel1 ag5ts ( b5evol5t societies1 & tea*]s :o h travel$ & tempor>ily resid$ 9 ! slave /ates--classes ( p]sons less likely ?an any o!rs to witness cruelties1 because slavehold]s g5]ally take m pa9s to keep su* visitors 9 ignorance ?an o!rs1 because _! vocations w\ld furni% !m few] opportunities = witness+ !m1 & because !y come 9 contact ) a class ( society 9 :i* few] atrocities are committ$ ?an 9 any o!r1 & t too1 "u circum/ances :i* make x almo/ impossible = !m to witness ^? :i* are actually committ$4 ,( ! num]\s classes ( p]sons f ! nor? :o tempor>ily reside 9 ! slave /ates1 ! me*anics :o f9d employm5t on ! plantations1 are ! only p]sons :o are 9 circum/ances to look beh9d ! sc5es4 ,m]*ants1 p$l>s1 v5d]s ( pat5ts1 drov]s1 speculators1 & almo/ all descriptions ( p]sons :o g f ! free /ates to ! s\? to make money see little ( slav]y1 except ^u ! road1 at public inns1 & 9 villages & cities4 ,let n ! read] inf] f :at has be5 said1 t ! p>lor-slaves1 *amb]-maids1 c4 9 ! slave /ates are n treat$ ) cruelty--f> f x4 ,!y (t5 exp]i5ce t]rible inflictions2 n g5]ally s t]rible or s frequ5t z ! field-h&s1 & v r>ely 9 ! pres5ce ( gue/s#bd ,h\se-slaves are = ! mo/ "p treat$ f> bett] ?an plantation-slaves1 & ^? "u ! imm$iate direction ( ! ma/] & mi/ress1 ?an ^? "u ov]se]s & driv]s4 ,x is q wor?y ( rem>k1 t ( ! ?\s&s ( nor!rn m5 :o h visit$ ! s\?1 & are always laud+ ! k9dness ( slavehold]s & ! com=t ( ! slaves1 prote/+ t !y h nev] se5 cruelties inflict$ on !m1 c4 ea* p]haps1 )\t exception1 has "s /ory to tell :i* reveals1 bett] p]haps ?an ! mo/ b>b>\s but*]y c\ld d1 a public s5tim5t t[>d slaves1 %[+ t ! mo/ cruel inflictions mu/ ( necessity be ! con/ant portion ( ! slaves4 ,footnote #bd3 ,rev4 ,,joseph ,m4 ,,sadd1 a ,presbyt]ian cl]gyman1 9 ,ca/ile1 ,g5esee c\nty1 ,n4,y4 rec5tly f ,miss\ri1 :]e he has prea*$ five ye>s1 9 ! mid/ ( slavehold]s1 says1 9 a lett] j receiv$1 speak+ ( ! pa9s tak5 by slavehold]s to conceal f ! eyes ( /rang]s & visitors1 ! cruelties :i* !y inflict ^u _! slaves-- ,x is difficult to be an eye-witness ( ^! ?+s2 ! ma/] & mi/ress1 almo/ inv>iably puni% _! slaves only 9 ! pres5ce ( !mselves & o!r slaves4 ,?\gh facts ( ?is k9d lie ?ick 9 e corn]1 ! read] w1 we are sure1 tol]ate ev5 a ne$less illu/ration1 if told t x is f ! p5 ( ,n4,p4 ,rog]s1 ,esq4 ( ,concord1 ,n4,h4 :o1 :atev] he writes1 ?\gh x be1 z 9 ?is case1 a m]e ha/y lett]1 always f9ds read]s to ! end4 ,at a c\rt session at ,guil=d1 ,/af=d c\nty1 ,n4,h4 9 ,augu/1 #ahcg1 ! ,hon4 ,daniel ,m4 ,durell1 ( ,dov]1 =m]ly ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! ,common ,pleas = t /ate1 & a memb] ( ,congress1 0 *>g+ ! abolitioni/s1 9 pres5ce ( sev]al g5tlem5 ( ! b>1 at _! bo>d+ h\se1 ) exagg]ations & misrepres5tations ( slave treatm5t at ! s\?4 ',"o in/ance 9 p>ticul>1' he witness$1 he said1 :]e he 'knew !y misrepres5t$4 ,x 0 9 ! ,congregational meet+ h\se at ,dov]4 ,he 0 pass+ by1 & saw a cr[d ent]+ & ab\t ! door2 & on inquiry1 f\nd t abolition 0 go+ on 9 !re4 ,he /ood 9 ! entry = a mom5t1 & f\nd ! ,engli%man1 ,?ompson1 0 hold+ =?4 ,! fell[ 0 speak+ ( ! treatm5t ( slaves2 & he said x 0 no uncommon ?+ = ma/]s1 :5 exasp]at$ ) ! slave1 to hang him up by ! two ?umbs1 & flog him4 ,i knew ! fell[ li$ !re1' said ! judge1 '= ,i _h travel$ ?r\gh ! s\?1 f ,georgia nor?1 & ,i nev] saw a s+le in/ance ( ! k9d4 ,! fell[ said x 0 a common ?+4' ',did y see any exasp]at$ ma/]s1 ,judge1' said ,i1 '9 y\r j\rney8' ',no sir1' said he1 'n an individual in/ance4' ',y h>dly are able to convict ,mr4 ,?ompson ( falsehood1 !n1 ,judge1' said ,i1 'if ,i und]/ood y "r4 ,he spoke1 z ,i und]/ood y1 ( exasp]at$ ma/]s--& y say y did n see any4 ,mr4 ,?ompson did n say x 0 common = ma/]s 9 good humor to hang up _! slaves4' ,! ,judge did n p]ceive ! mat]iality ( ! di/9ction4 ',oh1 !y misrepres5t & lie ab\t ?is treatm5t ( ! nigg]s1' he cont9u$4 ',9 go+ ?r\gh all ! /ates ,i visit$1 ,i d n n[ rememb] a s+le in/ance ( cruel treatm5t4 ,inde$1 ,i rememb] ( see+ b "o nigg] /ruck1 dur+ my :ole j\rney4 ,!re 0 "o in/ance4 ,we 7 rid+ 9 ! /age1 pretty e>ly "o morn+1 & we met a black fell[1 driv+ a span ( horses1 & a load 7,i ?9k he said7 ( hay4 ,! fell[ turn$ out be=e we got to him1 clean d[n into ! dit*1 z f> z he c\ld get4 ,he knew1 y see1 :at to dep5d on1 if he did n give ! road4 ,our driv]1 z we pass$ ! fell[1 fet*$ him a sm>t crack ) 8 :ip across ! *ops4 ,he did n make any noise1 ?\gh ,i guess x hurt him "s--he gr9n$4--,oh1 no6 ^! fell[s exagg]ate4 ,! nigg]s1 z a g5]al ?+1 are k9dly treat$4 ,!re may be exceptions1 b ,i saw no?+ ( x4' 7,by ! way1 ! ,judge did n "k !re 7 any abolitioni/s pres5t47 ',:at did y d to ! driv]1 ,judge1' said ,i1 '= /rik+ t man8' ',d1' said he1 ',i did no?+ to him1 to be sure4' ',:at did y say to him1 sir8' said ,i4 ',no?+1' he repli$3 ',i said no?+ to him4' ',:at did ! o!r pass5g]s d8' said ,i4 ',no?+1 sir1' said ! ,judge4 ',! fell[ turn$ out ! :ite ( 8 eye1 b he did n make any noise4' ',did ! driv] say any ?+1 ,judge1 :5 he /ruck ! man8' ',no?+1' said ! ,judge1 'only he damn$ him1 & told him he'd le>n him to keep out ( ! rea* ( 8 :ip4' ',sir1' said ,i1 'if ,george ,?ompson _h told ?is /ory1 9 ! w>m? ( an anti-slav]y spee*1 ,i %\ld sc>cely h cr$it$ x4 ,i h att5d$ _m anti-slav]y meet+s1 & ,i nev] he>d an in/ance ( su* cold-blood$1 wanton1 insol5t1 ,,diabolical cruelty z ?is2 &1 sir1 if ,i live to att5d ano!r meet+1 ,i %all relate ?is1 & give ,judge ,durell's "n z ! witness ( x4' ,an infliction ( ! mo/ insol5t "*1 entirely unprovok$1 on a p]fect /rang]1 :o _h %[$ ! utmo/ civility1 9 giv+ all ! road1 & only c\ld n get beyond ! long rea* ( ! driv]'s :ip--& he a /age driv]1 a class g5]\s next to ! sailor1 9 ! sob] h\r ( morn+--& borne 9 sil5ce--& told to %[ t ! color$ man ( ! s\? 0 k9dly treat$--all ev9c+1 to an unutt]able ext5t1 t ! temp] ( ! s\? t[>d ! slave is m]ciless1 ev5 to diabolism--& t ! nor? reg>ds him )1 if possible1 a m fi5di% indiff]5ce /ill6 ,x seems b an act ( simple ju/ice to say1 9 conclusion1 t _m ( ! slavehold]s f :om our nor!rn visitors d]ive _! in=mation ( ! good treatm5t ( ! slave1 may n design to deceive !m4 ,su* visitors are (t51 p]haps g5]ally br\ght 9 contact ) ! bett] class ( slavehold]s1 ^: slaves are really bett] f$1 clo!d1 lodg$1 & h\s$2 m mod]ately work$2 m seldom :ipp$1 & ) less sev]ity1 ?an ! slaves g5]ally4 ,^? ma/]s 9 speak+ ( ! good condition ( _! slaves1 & ass]t+ t !y are treat$ well1 use t]ms t are n absolute b comp>ative3 & x may be1 & d\btless (t5 is true t _! />es are treat$ well z slaves1 9 comp>ison ) ! treatm5t receiv$ by slaves g5]ally4 ,s ! ov]se]s ( su* slaves1 & ! slaves !mselves1 may1 )\t ly+ or design+ to mislead1 hone/ly give ! same te/imony4 ,z ! great body ( slaves )9 _! k f>e worse1 x is n /range t1 :5 speak+ ( ! treatm5t on _! own plantation1 !y %\ld call x good4 ,,objection ,v4--',,x ,,is ,,= ,,! ,,int]e/ ,,( ,,! ,,ma/]s ,,to ,,treat ,,_! ,,slaves ,,well4' ,s x is = ! int]e/ ( ! drunk>d to quit 8 cups2 = ! glutton to curb 8 appetite2 = ! debau*ee to bridle 8 lu/2 = ! slugg>d to be up betimes2 = ! sp5d?rift to be economical1 & = all s9n]s to /op s9n+4 ,ev5 if x 7 = ! int]e/ ( ma/]s to treat _! slaves well1 he mu/ be a novice :o ?9ks t a pro( t ! slaves are well treat$4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( man is a record ( real int]e/s sacrific$ to pres5t gratification4 ,if all m5's actions 7 consi/5t ) _! be/ int]e/s1 folly & s9 w\ld be words )\t mean+4 ,if ! objector means t x is = ! pecuni>y int]e/s ( ma/]s to treat _! slaves well1 & !nce inf]s _! good treatm5t1 we reply1 t ?\gh ! love ( money is /rong1 yet appetite & lu/1 pride1 ang] & rev5ge1 ! love ( p[] & honor1 are ea* an ov]mat* = x2 & :5 ei!r ( !m is r\s$ by a sudd5 /imulant1 ! love ( money wor/$ 9 ! grapple ) x4 ,look at ! h\rly lavi% outlays ( money to procure a mom5t>y gratification = ^? passions & appetites4 ,z ! desire = money is1 9 ! ma91 m]ely a desire = ! means ( gratify+ o!r desires1 or r = "o ( ! means1 x mu/ be ! s]vant n ! sov]eign ( ^? desires1 to ^: gratification its only use is to m9i/]4 ,b ev5 if ! love ( money 7 ! /ronge/ human passion1 :o is simple en\gh to believe t x is all ! "t s p[]fully excit$1 t no o!r passion or appetite c get ! ma/]y ov] x8 ,:o does n "k t gu/s ( rage1 rev5ge1 jeal\sy & lu/ drive x be=e !m z a tempe/ tosses a fea!r8 ,! objector has =gott5 8 fir/ lessons2 !y taught him t x is human nature to gratify ! upp]mo/ passion3 & is prud5ce ! upp]mo/ passion ) slavehold]s1 & self-re/ra9t _! great *>act]i/ic8 ,! /ronge/ feel+ ( any mom5t is ! sov]eign ( t mom5t1 & rules4 ,is a prop5sity to practice economy ! pr$om9ant feel+ ) slavehold]s8 ,ridicul\s6 ,e nor!rn] kn[s t slavehold]s are prov]bial = lavi% exp5ditures1 nev] higgl+ ab\t ! price ( a gratification4 ,human passions h n1 l ! tides1 regul> ebbs & fl[s1 ) _! /ation>y1 high & l[ wat] m>ks4 ,!y are a dom9ion convuls$ ) revolutions2 coronations & de?ronem5ts 9 ceasless succession--ea* rul] a usurp] & a despot4 ,love ( money gets a snat* at ! sceptre z well z ! re/1 n by h]$it>y "r1 b because1 9 ! fluctuations ( human feel+s1 a *ance wave wa%es him up to ! ?rone1 & ! next p]haps wa%es him (f )\t "t to nom9ate 8 successor4 ,s9ce1 !n1 z a matt] ( fact1 a ho/ ( appetites & passions d h\rly get ! bett] ( love ( money1 :at protection does ! slave f9d 9 8 ma/]'s int]e/1 aga9/ ! sweep ( 8 passions & appetites8 ,besides1 a ma/] c inflict ^u 8 slave horrible cruelties )\t p]ceptibly injur+ 8 heal?1 or tak+ "t f 8 labor1 or less5+ 8 value z prop]ty4 ,bl[s ) a small /ick give m acute pa91 ?an ) a l>ge "o4 ,a club bruises1 & b5umbs ! n]ves1 :ile a swit*1 nei!r break+ nor bruis+ ! fle%1 in/ead ( blunt+ ! s5se ( feel+1 wakes up & /+s to torture all ! susceptibilities ( pa94 ,by ?is k9d ( infliction1 m actual cruelty c be p]petrat$ 9 ! giv+ ( pa9 at ! in/ant1 ?an by ! mo/ horrible bruis+s & lac]ations2 & t1 too1 ) little comp>ative haz>d to ! slave's heal?1 or to 8 value z prop]ty1 & )\t loss ( "t f labor4 ,ev5 giv+ to ! objection all ! =ce claim$ = x1 :at protection is x to ! slave8 ,x pr(esses to %ield ! slave f su* treatm5t alone1 z w\ld ei!r lay him aside f labor1 or injure 8 heal?1 & ?us less5 8 value z a work+ animal1 mak+ him a damag$ article 9 ! m>ket4 ,n[1 is no?+ bad treatm5t ( a human be+ except t :i* produces ^! effects8 ,does ! fact t a man's con/itution is n actually %att]$1 & 8 life %ort5$ by 8 treatm5t1 prove t he is treat$ well8 ,is no treatm5t cruel except :at spra9s muscles1 or cuts s9ews1 or bur/s blood vessels1 or breaks bones1 & ?us less5s a man's value z a work+ animal8 ,a slave may get bl[s & kicks e h\r 9 ! day1 )\t hav+ 8 con/itution brok51 or )\t suff]+ s5sibly 9 8 heal?1 or fle%1 or appetite1 or p[] to labor4 ,!re=e1 beat5 & kick$ z he is1 he mu/ be treat$ well1 accord+ to ! objector1 s9ce ! ma/]'s int]e/ does n suff] !reby4 ,f9ally1 ! objector virtually ma9ta9s t all possible privations & inflictions suff]$ by slaves1 t d n actually cripple _! p[] to labor1 & make !m 'damag$ m]*&ize1' are to be set d[n z 'good treatm5t1' & t no?+ is bad treatm5t except :at produces ^! effects4 ,?us we see t ev5 if ! slave 7 effectually %ield$ f all ^? inflictions1 :i*1 by less5+ 8 value z prop]ty1 w\ld injure ! int]e/s ( 8 ma/]1 he w\ld /ill nave no protection aga9/ numb]less & t]rible cruelties4 ,b we g fur!r1 & ma9ta9 t 9 respect to l>ge classes ( slaves1 x is = ! int]e/ ( _! ma/]s to treat !m ) b>b>\s inhumanity4 #a4 ,old slaves4 ,x w\ld be = ! int]e/ ( ! ma/]s to %ort5 _! days4 #b4 ,worn out slaves4 ,multitudes ( slaves by be+ ov]work$1 h _! con/itutions brok5 9 middle life4 ,x w\ld be economical = ma/]s to />ve or flog su* to dea?4 #c4 ,! incurably diseas$ & maim$4 ,9 all su* cases x w\ld be *eap] = ma/]s to buy poison ?an m$ic9e4 #d4 ,! bl9d1 lunatics1 & idiots4 ,z all su* w\ld be a tax on him1 x w\ld be = 8 int]e/ to %ort5 _! days4 #e4 ,! deaf & dumb1 & p]sons greatly de=m$4 ,su* might or might n be s]viceable to him2 _m ( !m at lea/ w\ld be a burd51 & few m5 c>ry burd5s :5 !y c ?r[ !m (f4 #f4 ,feeble infants4 ,z su* w\ld require mu* nurs+1 ! "t1 tr\ble & exp5se necess>y to raise !m1 w\ld g5]ally be m ?an !y w\ld be wor? z work+ animals4 ,h[ _m su* infants w\ld be likely to be 'rais$1' f dis9t]e/$ b5evol5ce8 ,to ?is x may be add$ t 9 ! f> s\? & s\? we/1 x is notori\sly = ! int]e/ ( ! ma/] n to 'raise' slaves at all4 ,to buy slaves :5 ne>ly gr[n1 f ! nor!rn slave /ates1 w\ld be *eap] ?an to raise !m4 ,?is is %[n 9 ! fact1 t mo!rs ) infants sell = less 9 ^? /ates ?an ^? )\t !m4 ,& :5 slave-trad]s pur*ase su* 9 ! upp] c\ntry1 x is notori\s t !y n unfrequ5tly ei!r sell _! infants1 or give !m away4 ,!re=e x w\ld be = ! int]e/ ( ! ma/]s1 ?r\gh\t t region1 to h all ! new-born *ildr5 left to p]i%4 ,x w\ld also be = _! int]e/ to make su* arrangem5ts z effectually to sep>ate ! sexes1 or if t 7 n done1 s to ov]work ! females z to prev5t *ildbe>+4 #g4 ,incorrigible slaves4 ,on mo/ ( ! l>ge plantations1 !re are1 m or less1 incorrigible slaves1--t is1 slaves :o w n be pr(itable to _! ma/]s--& f :om torture c extort little b defiance4#be ,^! are frequ5tly slaves ( uncommon m9ds1 :o feel s ke5ly ! wrongs ( slav]y t _! pr\d spirits spurn _! *a9s & defy _! torm5tors4 ,footnote #be3 ,adv]tisem5ts l ! foll[+ are n unfrequ5t 9 ! s\!rn pap]s4 ,f ! ,elizabe? 7,n4,c47 ,ph5ix1 ,jan4 #e1 #ahci4 ,! subscrib] (f]s = sale 8 blacksmi? ,,nat1 #bh ye>s ( age1 & rem>kably l>ge & likely4 ,! only cause ( my sell+ him is ,i ,,_c ,,control ,,him4 ,h]t=d1 ,dec4#e1 #ahch4 ,j4 ,,gordon4 ,!y h commonly great sway ov] ! o!r slaves1 _! example is contagi\s1 & _! influ5ce subv]sive ( 'plantation discipl9e4' ,consequ5tly !y mu/ be made a w>n+ to o!rs4 ,x is = ! int]e/ ( ! ma/]s 7at lea/ !y believe x to be7 to put ^u su* slaves iron coll>s & *a9s1 to br& & crop !m2 to disfigure1 lac]ate1 />ve & torture !m--9 a ^w1 to inflict ^u !m su* v5geance z %all /rike t]ror into ! o!r slaves4 ,to ?is class may be add$ ! incorrigibly ?ievi% & indol5t2 x w\ld be = ! int]e/ ( ! ma/]s to treat !m ) su* sev]ity z w\ld det] o!rs f foll[+ _! example4 #g4 ,runaways4 ,:5 a slave has once runaway f 8 ma/] & is caught1 he is !nce=w>d treat$ ) sev]ity4 ,x is = ! int]e/ ( ! ma/] to make an example ( him1 by ! greate/ privations & inflictions4 #h4 ,hir$ slaves4 ,x is = ! int]e/ ( ^? :o hire slaves to get z mu* out ( !m z !y c2 ! temptation to ov]work !m is p[]ful4 ,if x be said t ! ma/] c\ld1 9 t case1 recov] damages1 ! answ] is1 t damages w\ld n be recov]able 9 law unless actual injury--en\gh to impair ! p[] ( ! slave to labor1 be prov$4 ,& ?is ord9>ily w\ld be impossible1 unless ! slave has be5 work$ s greatly beyond 8 /r5g? z to produce "s fatal d]angem5t ( ! vital functions4 ,inde$1 z all :o are famili> ) su* cases 9 s\!rn c\rts well "k1 ! pro( ( actual injury to ! slave1 s z to less5 8 value1 is exce$+ly difficult to make out1 & e hir] ( slaves c ov]work !m1 give !m insuffici5t food1 clo?+1 & %elt]1 & inflict ^u !m nameless cruelties ) entire impunity4 ,we repeat !n t x is = ! int]e/ ( ! hir] to pu% 8 slaves to _! utmo/ /r5g?1 provid$ he does n drive !m to su* an extreme1 t _! con/itutions actually give way "u x1 :ile 9 8 h&s4 ,! supreme c\rt ( ,m>yl& has decid$ t1 ',!re mu/ be at lea/ a dim9ution ( ! faculty ( ! slave = bodily labor to w>rant an action by ! ma/]4'--#a ,h>ris & ,johnson's ,reports1 #d4 #i4 ,slaves "u ov]se]s ^: wages are proportion$ to ! crop :i* !y raise4 ,?is is an arrangem5t common 9 ! slave /ates1 & 9 its practical op]ation is equival5t to a b\nty on h>d driv+--a virtual premium (f]$ to ov]se]s to keep ! slaves :ipp$ up to ! top ( _! /r5g?4 ,ev5 :]e ! ov]se] has a fix$ sal>y1 irrespective ( ! value ( ! crop :i* he takes (f1 he is /rongly tempt$ to ov]work ! slaves1 z ^? ov]se]s get ! highe/ wages :o c draw ! l>ge/ income f a plantation ) a giv5 numb] ( slaves2 s t we may include 9 ?is la/ class ( slaves1 ! majority ( all ^? :o are "u ov]se]s1 :atev] ! t]ms on :i* ^? ov]se]s are employ$4 ,ano!r class ( slaves may be m5tion$2 we ref] to ! slaves ( ma/]s :o bet ^u _! crops4 ,9 ! cotton & sug> region !re is a fe>ful am\nt ( ?is desp]ate gambl+1 9 :i*1 ?\gh money is ! o/5sible /ake & =feit1 human life is ! real "o4 ,! l5g? to :i* ?is rivalry is c>ri$ at ! s\? & s\? we/1 ! multitude ( plant]s :o engage 9 x1 & ! recklessness ( human life exhibit$ 9 driv+ ! murd]\s game to its issue1 _c well be imag9$ by "o :o has n liv$ 9 ! mid/ ( x4 ,desire ( ga9 is only "o ( ! motives t /imulates !m2--! eclat ( hav+ made ! l>ge/ crop ) a giv5 numb] ( h&s1 is also a p[]ful /imulant2 ! s\!rn newspap]s1 at ! crop season1 *ronicle c>efully ! cotton brag1 & ! crack cotton pick+1 & unp>allel$ driv+1 c4 ,ev5 ! editors ( pr(ess$ly religi\s pap]s1 *e] on ! mle & s+ ! triumphs ( ! victor4 ,among ^! we recollect ! celebrat$ ,rev4 ,j4,n4 ,maffit1 rec5tly editor ( a religi\s pap] at ,nat*ez1 ,miss4 9 :i* he took c>e to assign a prom95t place1 & capitals to ,,! ,,cotton ,,brag4 ,! te/imony ( ,mr4 ,bliss1 page #ch1 details "s ( ! p>ticul>s ( ?is bett+ ^u crops4 ,all ! prec$+ classes ( slaves are 9 circum/ances :i* make x = ! int]e/ ( _! ma/]s1 or ^? :o h ! managem5t ( !m1 to treat !m cruelly4 ,besides ! op]ation ( ! causes already specifi$1 :i* make x = ! int]e/ ( ma/]s & ov]se]s to treat cruelly c]ta9 classes ( _! slaves1 a v>iety ( o!rs exi/1 :i* make x = _! int]e/ to treat cruelly ! great body ( _! slaves4 ,^! causes are1 ! nature ( c]ta9 k9ds ( products1 ! k9d ( labor requir$ 9 cultivat+ & prep>+ !m = m>ket1 ! be/ times = su* labor1 ! /ate ( ! m>ket1 fluctuations 9 prices1 facilities = transportation1 ! wea!r1 seasons1 c4 c4 ,"s ( ! causes :i* op]ate to produce ?is are-- #a4 ,! e>ly m>ket4 ,if ! plant] c get 8 crop into m>ket e>ly1 he may save ?\s&s :i* might be lo/ if x arriv$ lat]4 #b4 ,*anges 9 ! m>ket4 ,a sudd5 rise 9 ! m>ket ) ! probability t x w be %ort1 or a gradual fall ) a probability t x w be long1 is a /rong temptation to ! ma/] to pu% 8 slaves to ! utmo/1 t he may 9 ! "o case make all he c1 by tak+ ! tide at ! flood1 & 9 ! o!r lose z little z may be1 by tak+ x z e>ly z possible 9 ! ebb4 #c4 ,high prices4 ,:5ev] ! slave-gr[n /aples br+ a high price1 z is n[ ! case ) cotton1 e slavehold] is tempt$ to ov]work 8 slaves4 ,by =c+ !m to d d\ble "w = a few weeks or mon?s1 :ile ! price is up1 he c af=d to lose a numb] ( !m & to less5 ! value ( all by ov]-driv+4 ,a cotton plant] ) a hundr$ vigor\s slaves1 w\ld h made a pr(itable speculation1 if1 dur+ ! ye>s '#cd1 #e1 & #f1 :5 ! av]age price ( cotton 0 #ag c5ts a p\nd1 he _h s ov]work$ 8 slaves t half ( !m di$ ^u 8 h&s 9 '#cg1 :5 cotton _h fall5 to six & eight c5ts4 ,no wond] t ! poor slaves pray t cotton & sug> may be *eap4 ,! writ] has frequ5tly he>d x decl>$ by plant]s 9 ! l[] c\ntry1 t1 x is m pr(itable to drive ! slaves to su* ov] ex]tion z to use !m up1 9 sev5 or eight ye>s1 ?an to give !m only ord9>y tasks & protract _! lives to ! ord9>y p]iod4#bf ,footnote #bf3 ,! read] is ref]r$ to a v>iety ( facts & te/imony on ?is po9t on ! #ci? page ( ?is "w4 #d4 ,untimely seasons4 ,:5 ! w9t] encroa*es on ! spr+1 & makes late se$ "t1 ! fir/ favorable wea!r is a temptation to ov]work ! slaves1 too /rong to be resi/$ by ^? :o hold m5 z m]e work+ animals4 ,s :5 fro/s set 9 e>ly1 & a great am\nt ( "w is to be done 9 a little "t1 or great loss suff]$4 ,s also aft] a long /orm ei!r 9 se$ or crop "t1 :5 ! wea!r becomes favorable1 ! same temptation presses1 & 9 all ^! cases ! ma/] w\ld save money by ov]driv+ 8 slaves4 #e4 ,p]iodical pressure ( c]ta9 k9ds ( labor4 ,! manufacture ( sug> is an illu/ration4 ,9 a "w entitl$ ,travels 9 ,l\isiana 9 #ahjb1 translat$ f ! ,fr5*1 by ,john ,davis1 is ! foll[+ te/imony "u ?is head3-- ,at ! roll+ ( sug>s1 an int]val ( f two to ?ree mon?s1 !y 7! slaves 9 ,l\isiana17 "w bo? night & day4 ,abridg$ ( _! sleep1 !y sc>cely retire to re/ dur+ ! :ole p]iod ,see page #ha4 ,9 an article on ! agriculture ( ,l\isiana1 publi%$ 9 ! second numb] ( ! ,we/]n ,review1 is ! foll[+3--,! "w is admitt$ to be sev]e = ! h&s1 7slaves7 requir+1 :5 ! process ( mak+ sug> is comm5c$1 ,,to ,,be ,,press$ ,,night ,,& ,,day4 ,x w\ld be = ! int]e/ ( ! sug> plant] greatly to ov]work 8 slaves1 dur+ ! annual process ( sug>-mak+4 ,! sev]ity ( ?is p]iodical pressure1 9 prep>+ = m>ket o!r /aples ( ! slave /ates besides sug>1 may be inf]r$ f ! foll[+4 ,mr4 ,hammond1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 8 spee* 9 ,congress1 ,feb4 #a4 #ahcf1 7,see ,national ,intellig5c]7 said1 ,9 ! heat ( ! crop1 ! loss ( "o or two days1 w\ld inevitably ru9 x4 #f4 ,times ( sc>city4 ,dr\ght1 long ra91 fro/1 c4 are liable to cut (f ! corn crop1 ^u :i* ! slaves are f$4 ,if ?is happ5s :5 ! /aple :i* !y raise is at a l[ price1 x is = ! int]e/ ( ! ma/] to put ! slave on %ort rations1 ?us =c+ him to suff] f hung]4 #g4 ,! rais+ ( crops = exportation4 ,9 all ^? /ates :]e cotton & sug> are rais$ = exportation1 x is1 = ! mo/ "p1 m pr(itable to buy provisions = ! slaves ?an to raise !m4 ,:]e ?is is ! case ! slavehold]s believe x to be = _! int]e/ to give _! slaves less food1 ?an _! hung] craves1 & !y d g5]ally give !m insuffici5t su/5ance4#bg ,footnote #bg3 ,he> ! te/imony ( a slavehold]1 on ?is subject1 a memb] ( ,congress f ,virg9ia1 f #ahag to #ahcj1 ,hon4 ,alex&] ,smy?4 ,9 ! debate on ! ,miss\ri "q 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,congress1 #ahai-bj1 ! admission ( ,miss\ri to ! ,union1 z a slave /ate1 0 urg$1 among o!r gr\nds1 z a measure ( humanity to ! slaves ( ! s\?4 ,mr4 ,smy?1 ( ,virg9ia said1 ,! plan ( our oppon5ts seems to be to conf9e ! slave population to ! s\!rn /ates1 to ! c\ntries :]e sug>1 cotton1 & tobacco are cultivat$4 ,b1 sir1 by conf9+ ! slaves to a "p ( ! c\ntry :]e crops are rais$ = exportation1 & ! bread & meat are pur*as$1 y doom !m to sc>city & hung]4 ,is x n obvi\s t ! way to r5d] _! situation m com=table1 is to all[ !m to be tak5 :]e !re is n ! same motive to =ce ! slave to ,,incessant ,,toil1 t !re is 9 ! c\ntry :]e cotton1 sug>1 & tobacco1 are rais$ = exportation4 ,x is propos$ to hem 9 ! blacks :]e !y are ,,h>d ,,work$ & ,,ill ,,f$1 t !y may be r5d]$ unproductive & ! race be prev5t$ f increas+4 4 4 4 ,! propos$ measure w\ld be ,,extreme ,,cruelty to ! blacks4 4 4 4 ,y w\ld 4 4 4 doom !m to ,,sc>city & ,,h>d ,,labor4--,spee* ( ,mr4 ,smy?1 ,jan4 #bh1 #ahbj--,see ,national ,intellig5c]4 ,^? /ates :]e ! crops are rais$ = exportation1 & a l>ge "p ( ! provisions pur*as$1 are1 ,l\isiana1 ,mississippi1 ,alabama1 ,arkansas1 ,we/]n ,t5nessee1 ,georgia1 ,florida1 &1 to a consid]able ext5t1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,t ?is is ! case 9 ,l\isiana1 is %[n by ! foll[+4 ,corn1 fl\r1 & bread /uffs1 g5]ally are obta9$ f ,k5tucky1 ,ohio2 c4 ,see ,emigrants ,guide ?r\gh ! ,valley ( ! ,mississippi1 ,page #bge4 ,t x is ! case ) ,alabama1 appe>s f ! te/imony ( ,w4 ,jeff]son ,jones1 ,esq4 a lawy] ( high /&+ 9 ,mobile4 ,9 a s]ies ( articles publi%$ by him 9 ! ,mobile ,morn+ ,*ronicle1 he says2 7,see t pap] = ,aug4 #bf1 #ahcg47 ,! p ( ,alabama export :at !y raise1 & import ne>ly all !y consume4 ,b x seems q unnecess>y to prove1 :at all p]sons ( mu* intellig5ce well "k1 t ! /ates m5tion$ export ! l>g] "p ( :at !y raise1 & import ! l>g] "p ( :at !y consume4 ,n[ m ?an "o million ( slaves are held 9 ^? /ates1 & p>ts ( /ates1 :]e provisions are ma9ly import$1 & consequ5tly !y are doom$ to sc>city & hung]4 ,n[ let u make "s e/imate ( ! proportion :i* ! slaves1 includ$ 9 ! =ego+ n9e classes1 su/a9 to ! :ole numb]1 & !n ( ! proportion affect$ by ! op]ation ( ! sev5 causes j enum]at$4 ,x w\ld be ne>ly impossible to =m an e/imate ( ! proportion ( ! slaves includ$ 9 a numb] ( ^! classes1 su* z ! old1 ! worn out1 ! incurably diseas$1 maim$ & de=m$1 idiots1 feeble infants1 incorrigible slaves1 c4 ,m or less ( ?is description are to be f\nd on all ! consid]able plantations1 & (t51 _m on ! same plantation2 ?\gh we h no accurate data = an e/imate1 ! proportion _c be less ?an "o 9 tw5ty-five ( ! :ole numb] ( slaves1 :i* w\ld give a total ( m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s&4 ,( "s ( ! rema9+ classes we h data = a pretty accurate e/imate4 #a/4 ,lunatics4--,v>i\s e/imates h be5 made1 f\nd$ ^u ! data procur$ by actual inve/igation1 prosecut$ "u ! direction ( ! ,legislatures ( diff]5t ,/ates2 b ! returns h be5 s imp]fect & errone\s1 t little reliance c be plac$ ^u !m4 ,! ,legislature ( ,new ,hamp%ire rec5tly ord]$ inve/igations to be made 9 e t[n 9 ! /ate1 & ! numb] ( insane p]sons to be report$4 ,a committee ( ! legislature1 :o _h ! subject 9 *>ge say1 9 _! report--,f _m t[ns no returns h be5 receiv$1 f o!rs ! acc\nts are errone\s1 !re be+ cases kn[n to ! committee :i* escap$ ! notice ( ! 'selectm54' ,! actual numb] ( insane p]sons is !re=e mu* l>g] ?an appe>s by ! docum5ts submitt$ to ! committee4 ,! ,m$ical ,society ( ,connecticut appo9t$ a committee ( _! numb]1 compos$ ( "s ( ! mo/ em95t physicians 9 ! /ate1 to asc]ta9 & report ! :ole numb] ( insane p]sons 9 t /ate4 ,! committee say1 9 _! report1 ,! numb] ( t[ns f :i* returns h be5 receiv$ is sev5ty1 & ! cases ( insanity :i* h be5 notic$ 9 !m are five hundr$ & t54 ,! committee add1 fifty m t[ns rema9 to be he>d f1 & if insanity %\ld be f\nd equally preval5t 9 !m1 ! entire numb] w sc>cely fall %ort ( "o ?\s& 9 ! /ate4 ,?is inve/igation 0 made 9 #ahba1 :5 ! population ( ! /ate 0 less ?an two hundr$ & eighty ?\s&4 ,if ! e/imate ( ! ,m$ical ,society be correct1 ! proportion ( ! insane to ! :ole population w\ld be ab\t "o 9 two hundr$ & eighty4 ,?is /rikes u z a l>ge e/imate1 & yet a committee ( ! legislature ( t /ate 9 #ahcg1 report$ sev5 hundr$ & sev5 insane p]sons 9 ! /ate1 :o 7 ei!r :olly or 9 "p support$ z t[n paup]s1 or by *>ity4 ,x c h>dly be suppos$ t m ?an two-?irds ( ! insane 9 ,connecticut belong to families unable to support !m4 ,on ?is supposition1 ! :ole numb] w\ld be great] ?an ! e/imate ( ! ,m$ical ,society sixte5 ye>s previ\s1 :5 ! population 0 p]haps ?irty ?\s& less4 ,b to avoid ! possibility ( an ov] e/imate1 let u suppose ! pres5t numb] ( insane p]sons 9 ,connecticut to be only sev5 hundr$4 ,! population ( ! /ate is n[ probably ab\t ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s&2 accord+ to ?is e/imate1 ! proportion ( ! insane to ! :ole population1 w\ld be "o to ab\t f\r hundr$ & sixty4 ,mak+ ?is ! basis ( our calculation1 & e/imat+ ! slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates at two millions1 sev5 hundr$ ?\s&1 _! pres5t probable numb]1 & we come to ?is result1 t !re are ab\t six ?\s& insane p]sons among ! slaves ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h no adequate data by :i* to judge :e!r ! proportion ( lunatics among slaves is great] or less ?an among ! :ites2 "s consid]ations favor ! supposition t x is less4 ,b ! dreadful physical viol5ce to :i* ! slaves are subject$1 & ! con/ant sund]+s ( _! t5d]e/ ties1 might lead u to suppose t x w\ld be m4 ,! only data 9 our possession is ! (ficial c5sus ( ,*a?am c\nty1 ,georgia1 = #ahch1 conta9+ ! numb] ( lunatics among ! :ites & ! slaves4--7,see ! ,savannah ,georgian1 ,july #bd1 #ahch47 ,accord+ to ?is c5sus1 ! numb] ( lunatics among eight ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty ?ree :ites 9 ! c\ntry1 is only two1 :]eas1 ! numb] among t5 ?\s& eight hundr$ & n9ety-"o slaves1 is f\rte54 #b;d4 ,! ,deaf & ,dumb4--,! proportion ( deaf & dumb p]sons to ! o!r classes ( ! community1 is ab\t "o 9 two ?\s&4 ,?is is ! te/imony ( ! directors ( ! ',am]ican ,asylum = ! ,deaf & ,dumb1' locat$ at ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut4 ,mak+ ?is ! basis ( our e/imate1 !re w\ld be "o ?\s& six hundr$ deaf & dumb p]sons among ! slaves ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #c;d4 ,! ,bl9d4--,we h be=e u ! la/ ,unit$ ,/ates c5sus1 f :i* x appe>s1 t 9 #ahcj1 ! numb] ( bl9d p]sons 9 ,new ,hamp%ire 0 "o hundr$ & sev5te51 out ( a population ( two hundr$ & sixty-n9e ?\s& five hundr$ & ?irty-?ree4 ,adopt+ ?is z our basis1 ! numb] ( bl9d slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld be ne>ly "o ?\s& ?ree hundr$4 #d?4 ,runaways4--,( ! proportion ( ! slaves t run away1 to ^? t d n1 & ( ! proportion ( ! runaways t are tak5 to ^? t escape entirely1 x w\ld be difficult to make a probable e/imate4 ,some?+1 h[ev]1 c be done t[>ds su* an e/imate4 ,we h be=e u1 9 ! ,gr& ,gulf 7,miss47 ,adv]tis]1 = ,augu/ #b1 #ahch1 a li/ ( runaways t 7 !n 9 ! jails ( ! two c\nties ( ,adams & ,w>r51 9 t ,/ate2 ! names1 ages1 c4 ( ea* "o giv52 & _! own]s are call$ ^u to take !m away4 ,! numb] ( runaways ?us tak5 up & committ$ 9 ^! two c\nties is ,,=ty-,,six4 ,! :ole numb] ( c\nties 9 ,mississippi is fifty-six4 ,_m ( !m1 h[ev]1 are ?9ly populat$4 ,n[1 )\t mak+ ?is ! basis ( our e/imate = ! :ole slave population 9 all ! /ate--:i* w\ld d\btless make ! numb] mu* too l>ge--we are sure no "o :o has any k ( facts z !y are 9 ! s\?1 w *>ge ^u u an ov]-/atem5t :5 we say1 t ( ! pres5t g5]ation ( slaves1 probably "o 9 ?irty is ( t class--i4e41 has at "s "t1 p]haps (t51 runaway & be5 retak52 on t supposition ! :ole numb] w\ld be n f> f ,,n9ety ,,?\s&4 #e?4 ,hir$ ,slaves4--,x is impossible to e/imate ) accuracy ! proportion :i* ! hir$ slaves be> to ! :ole numb]4 ,t x is v l>ge all :o h resid$ at ! s\?1 or travel$ !re1 ) _! eyes op51 well "k4 ,"s ( ! l>ge/ slavehold]s 9 ! c\ntry1 in/ead ( pur*as+ plantations & work+ _! slaves !mselves1 hire !m out to o!rs4 ,?is practice is v common4 ,rev4 ,horace ,m\lton1 a m9i/] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal *ur* 9 ,m>lbor\gh1 ,mass41 :o liv$ "s ye>s 9 ,georgia1 says3 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! slave are own$ by ma/]s :o keep !m on purpose to hire out4 ,l>ge numb]s ( slaves1 especially 9 ,mississippi1 ,l\isiana1 ,arkansas1 ,alabama1 & ,florida1 are own$ by non-resid5ts2 ?\s&s ( !m by nor!rn capitali/s1 :o hire !m out4 ,^! capitali/s 9 _m cases own l>ge plantations1 :i* are (t5 leas$ = a t]m ( ye>s ) a '/ock' ( slaves suffici5t to "w !m4 ,multitudes ( slaves 'belong+' to heirs1 are hir$ out by _! gu>dians till su* heirs become ( age1 or by ! executors or tru/ees ( p]sons deceas$4 ,t ! read] may =m "s idea ( ! l>ge numb] ( slaves t are hir$ out1 we ins]t bel[ a few adv]tisem5ts1 z a specim5 ( hundr$s 9 ! newspap]s ( ! slave /ates4 ,f ! ,p5sacola ,gazette1 ,may #bg4 ,,notice ,,to ,,slavehold]s4 ,want$ ^u my contract1 on ! ,alabama1 ,florida1 & ,georgia ,rail ,road1 ,,f\r ,,hundr$ ,,black ,,labor]s1 = :i* a lib]al price w be paid4 ,r4 ,,lor+1 ,contractor4 ,! same pap] has ! foll[+1 sign$ by an (fic] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,want$ ,,at ,,! ,,navy ,,y>d1 ,,p5sacola1 ,,sixty ,,labor]s4 ,! ,,own]s to subsi/ & qu>t] !m beyond ! limits ( ! y>d4 ,p]sons hav+ ,labor]s to hire1 w apply to ! ,comm&+ ,(fic]4 ,w4,k4 ,,latim]4 ,f ! ,ri*mond 7,va47 ,enquir]1 ,april #aj1 #ahch4 ,,labor]s ,,want$4--,! ,james ,riv]1 & ,k5a:a ,company1 are 9 imm$iate want ( ,,sev]al ,,hundr$ good labor]s4 ,g5tlem5 wi%+ to s5d negroes f ! c\ntry1 are assur$ t ! v be/ c>e %all be tak5 ( !m4 ,,ri*>d ,,re9s1 ,ag5t ( ! ,james ,riv]1 & ,k5a:a ,co4 ,f ! ,vicksburg 7,mis47 ,regi/]1 ,dec4 #bg1 #ahch4 #fj ,,negroes1 males & females1 = hire = ! ye> #ahci4 ,apply to ,h4 ,,h5dr54 ,f ! ,georgia ,mess5g]1 ,dec4 #bg1 #ahch4 ,,negroes ,to ,,hire4 ,on ! fir/ ,tuesday next1 ,includ+ ,,c>p5t]s1 ,,blacksmi?s1 ,,%oemak]s1 ,,seam/resses1 ,,cooks1 c4 c4 ,= in=mation2 ,apply to ,,ossian ,,gregory4 ,f ! ,alex&ria 7,d4,c47 ,gazette1 ,dec4 #cj1 #ahcg4 ,,! subscrib] wi%es to employ by ! mon? or ye>1 ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,able ,,bodi$ ,,m51 ,,& ,,?irty ,,boys4 ,p]sons hav+ s]vants1 w d well to give him a call4 ,,philip ,,roa*1 ne> ,alex&ria4 ,f ! ,columbia 7,s4,c47 ,telescope1 ,may #ai1 #ahch4 ,,want$ ,,to ,,hire1 twelve or fifte5 ,,negro ,,girls1 f t5 to f\rte5 ye>s ( age4 ,!y are want$ = ! t]m ( two or ?ree ye>s4 ,e4,h4 ,j4 ,,fi%]4 ,,negroes ,,want$4 ,! ,subscrib] is desir\s ( hir+ #ej ( #fj fir/ rate ,negro ,m54 ,,wilson ,,nesbitt4 ,f ! ,norfolk 7,va47 ,beacon1 ,m>* #ba1 #ahch4 ,,labor]s ,,want$4 ,"o hundr$ able bodi$ m5 are want$4 ,! h&s w be requir$ to be deliv]$ 9 ,halifax by ! own]s4 ,apply to ,,%ield ,,walke4 ,f ! ,lyn*burg ,virg9ian1 ,dec4 #ac1 #ahch4 #dj ,,negro ,,m54 ,! subscrib]s wi% to hire = ! next ye> #dj ,,negro ,,m54 ,,langhorne1 ,,scruggs ,,cook4 ,,hir+ ( ,,negroes4 ,on ,saturday1 ! #bi? day ( ,decemb]1 #ahch1 at ,mrs4 ,tayloe's tav]n1 9 ,amh]/ c\nty1 !re w be hir$ ?irty or =ty valuable ,negroes4 ,9 addition to ! above1 ,i h = hire1 #bj m51 wom51 boys1 & girls--sev]al ( !m excell5t h\se s]vants4 ,,maurice ,h4 ,,g>l&4 ,f ! ,savannah ,georgian1 ,feb4 #e1 #ahch4 ,,want$ ,,to ,,hire1 ,,"o ,,hundr$ prime negroes1 by ! ye>4 ,j4,v4 ,,r$d54 ,f ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,/&>d1 ,feb4 #ca1 #ahch4 ,,negroes ,,want$4--,w4 ,a4 ,,/i?1 w give twelve doll>s p] mon? = ,,fifty /rong ,negro fell[s1 to comm5ce "w imm$iately2 & = ,,fifty m on ! fir/ day ( ,febru>y1 & = ,,fifty on ! fir/ day ( ,m>*4 ,f ! ,lex+ton 7,ky47 ,report]1 ,dec4 #bf1 #ahch4 ,,w ,,be ,,hir$1 = "o ye>2 on ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y1 #ahci1 on ! f>m ( ! late ,mrs4 ,m]$i?1 a numb] ( valuable ,,negroes4 ,r4,s4 ,,todd1 ,%]iff ( ,fayette ,co4 ,& ,curator = ,james & ,elizabe? ,breck5ridge4 ,,negroes ,,to ,,hire4 ,on ,w$nesday1 ! #bf? in/4 ,i w hire to ! highe/ bidd]1 ! ,,negroes belong+ to ,*>les & ,rob]t ,innes4 ,,geo4 ,w4 ,,williams4 ,gu>dian4 ,! foll[+ n9e adv]tisem5ts 7 publi%$ 9 "o column ( ! ,w9*e/] ,virg9ian1 ,dec4 #bj1 #ahch4 ,,negro ,,hir+s4 ,,w be (f]$ = hire1 at ,capta9 ,long's ,hotel1 a numb] ( ,,slaves--m51 wom51 boys & girls--belong+ to ! orphans ( ,george ,a%1 deceas$4 ,,ri*>d ,w4 ,,b>ton4 ,gu>dian4 ,,w be (f]$ = hire1 at my ,hotel1 a numb] ( ,,slaves1 consi/+ ( m51 wom51 boys & girls4 ,,joseph ,,long4 ,exr4 ( ,edmund ,%ackle=d1 dec'd4 ,,w be (f]$ = hire1 = ! ensu+ ye>1 at ,capt4 ,long's ,hotel1 a numb] ( ,,slaves4 ,,moses ,r4 ,,ri*>ds4 ,,w be (f]$ = hire1 ! slaves belong+ to ! e/ate ( ,james ,b[51 deceas$1 consi/+ ( m51 & wom51 boys & girls4 ,,giles ,,cook4 ,"o ( ! ,exrs4 ( ,james ,b[5 dec'd4 ,,! hir+ at ,millwood w take place on ,friday1 ! #bh? day ( ,decemb]1 #ahch4 ,,burwell4 ,n4,b4 ,we are desir$ to say t o!r valuable ,,negroes w also be hir$ at ,millwood on ! same day1 besides ^? (f]$ by ,mr4 ,b4 ,! ,,slaves ( ! late ,john ,jolliffe1 ab\t tw5ty 9 numb]1 & ( all ages & bo? sexes1 w be (f]$ = hire at ,ca9's ,depot4 ,,david ,w4 ,,b>ton4 ,adm9i/rator4 ,i ,,w hire at public hir+ be=e ! tav]n door ( ,dr4 ,lacy1 ab\t #cj ,,negroes1 consi/+ ( m51 & wom54 ,,james ,r4 ,,ri*>ds4 ,,w be hir$1 at ,c>t]'s ,tav]n1 on #ca/ ( ,decemb]1 a numb] ( ,,negroes4 ,,john ,j4,h4 ,,gunnell4 ,,negroes ,,= ,,hire1 7,,privately47 ,ab\t twelve s]vants1 consi/+ ( m51 wom51 boys1 & girls1 = hire privately4 ,apply to ! subscrib] at ,col4 ,smi?'s 9 ,battlet[n4 ,,john ,w4 ,,ow54 ,a volume might easily be fill$ ) adv]tisem5ts l ! prec$+1 %[+ conclusively t hir$ slaves mu/ be a l>ge proportion ( ! :ole numb]4 ,! actual proportion has be5 v>i\sly e/imat$1 at #a_/b1 #a_/c1 #a_/d1 #a_/b1 c4 if we adopt ! la/ z our basis1 x w make ! numb] ( hir$ slaves1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,,five ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,=ty ,,?\s&6 #f?4 ,slaves "u ov]se]s ^: wages are a "p ( ! crop4--,t ?is is a common usage2 appe>s f ! foll[+ te/imony4 ,! late ,hon4 ,john ,taylor1 ( ,c>ol9e ,co4 ,virg9ia1 "o ( ! l>ge/ slavehold]s 9 ! /ate1 ,presid5t ( ! ,/ate ,agricultural ,society1 & ?ree times elect$ to ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 says1 9 8 ,agricultural ,essays1 ,no4 #ae4 ,p4 #eg1 ,?is necess>y class ( m51 7ov]se]s17 are brib$ by agriculturali/s1 n to improve1 b to impov]i% _! l&1 by a %>e ( ! crop = "o ye>4444 ,! greate/ annual crop1 & n ! mo/ judici\s culture1 advances 8 int]e/1 & e/abli%es 8 "*2 & ! fees ( ^! l&-doctors1 are mu* high] = kill+ ?an = cur+4444 ,! mo/ :i* ! l& c yield1 & seldom or nev] improvem5t ) a view to future pr(it1 is a po9t ( common cons5t1 & mutual ne$ betwe5 ! agriculturi/ & 8 ov]se]4444 ,mu/ ! practice ( hir+ a man = "o ye>1 by a %>e ( ! crop1 to lay out all 8 skill & indu/ry 9 kill+ l&1 & z little z possible 9 improv+ x1 be kept up to commemorate ! pi\s lean+ ( man to 8 primitive /ate ( ignorance & b>b>ity8 ,unless ?is is aboli%$1 ! attempt to f]tilize our l&s is ne$less4 ,philemon ,bliss1 ,esq1 ( ,elyria1 ,ohio1 :o liv$ 9 ,florida1 9 #ahcd-e1 says1 ,x is common = own]s ( plantations & slaves1 to hire ov]se]s to take *>ge ( !m1 :ile !y !mselves reside at a di/ance4 ,_! wages dep5d pr9cipally ^u ! am\nt ( labor :i* !y c exact f ! slave4 ,! t]m good ov]se]1 signifies "o :o c make ! greate/ am\nt ( ! /aple1 cotton = in/ance1 f a giv5 numb] ( h&s1 besides rais+ suffici5t provisions = _! consumption4 ,he has no int]e/ 9 ! life ( ! slave4 ,h5ce ! fact1 s notori\s at ! s\?1 t negroes are driv5 h>d] & f>e worse "u ov]se]s ?an "u _! own]s4 ,william ,ladd1 ,esq4 ( ,m9ot1 ,ma9e1 =m]ly a slavehold] 9 ,florida1 speak+1 9 a rec5t lett] ( ! sy/em ( labor adopt$ !re1 says2 ,! comp5sation ( ! ov]se]s 0 a c]ta9 portion ( ! crop4 ,rev4 ,ph9eas ,smi?1 ( ,c5treville1 ,allegany ,co4 ,n4,y4 :o has rec5tly return$ f a f\r ye>s' resid5ce1 9 ! ,s\!rn slave /ates & ,texas1 says1 ,! mode 9 :i* _m plantations are manag$1 is calculat$ & design$1 z an inducem5t to ! slave driv]1 to lay ^u ! slave ! greate/ possible burd51 ! ov]se] be+ entitl$ by contract1 to a c]ta9 %>e ( ! crop4 ,we leave ! read] to =m 8 own op9ion1 z to ! proportion ( slaves "u ov]se]s1 ^: wages are 9 proportion to ! crop1 rais$ by !m4 ,we h little d\bt t we %all escape ! *>ge ( wi%+ to make out a /rong case :5 we put ! proportion at "o-eigh? ( ! :ole numb] ( slaves1 :i* w\ld be ?ree hundr$ & fifty ?\s&4 ,)\t draw+ out ^u ! page a sum 9 addition = ! read] to run up1 x is easily se5 t ! slaves 9 ! prec$+ classes am\nt to m ?an ,,elev5 ,,hundr$ ,,?\s&1 exclusive ( ! deaf & dumb1 & ! bl9d1 "s ( :om1 especially ! =m]1 might be pr(itable to _! own]s2 ,n[ x is pla9ly = ! int]e/ ( ! own]s ( ^! slaves1 or ( ^? :o h ! *>ge ( !m1 to treat ?an cruelly1 to ov]work1 "u-fe$1 half-clo!1 half-%elt]1 poison1 or kill outright1 ! ag$1 ! brok5 d[n1 ! incurably diseas$1 idiots1 feeble infants1 mo/ ( ! bl9d1 "s deaf & dumb1 c4 ,x is besides a "p ( ! slave-hold]'s cre$1 t x is = 8 int]e/ to treat ) t]rible sev]ity1 all runaways & ! incorrigibly /ubborn1 ?ievi%1 lazy1 c42 also = ^? :o hire slaves1 to ov]work !m2 also = ov]se]s to ov]work ! slaves "u !m1 :5 _! own wages are increas$ by x4 ,we h ?us %[n t x w\ld be = ! int]e/1 ( ma/]s & ov]se]s to treat ) habitual cruelty m ?an "o million ( ! slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b ?is is n all2 z we h said already1 x is = ! int]e/ ( ov]se]s g5]ally1 :e!r _! wages are proportion$ to ! crop or n1 to ov]work ! slaves2 we ne$ n repeat ! reasons4 ,nei!r is x necess>y to re-/ate ! argum5ts1 go+ to %[ t x is = ! int]e/ ( slavehold]s1 :o cultivate ! great s\!rn /aples1 especially cotton1 & ! sug>cane1 to ov]work p]iodically all _! slaves1 & habitually ! majority ( !m1 :5 ! dem& = ^? /aples creates high prices1 z has be5 ! case ) cotton = _m ye>s1 ) little exception4 ,in/ead ( ent]+ into a labor$ e/imate to get at ! proportion ( ! slaves1 affect$ by ! op]ation ( ^! & ! o!r causes enum]at$1 we may say1 t !y op]ate directly on ! field h&s1 employ$ 9 rais+ ! s\!rn /aples1 & indirectly ^u all classes ( ! slaves4 ,f9ally1 ! conclude ?is head by turn+ ! objector's negative proposition into an affirmative "o1 & /ate =mally :at has be5 already prov$4 ,x is = ! int]e/ ( %>ehold]s1 ^u _! own pr9ciples1 & by _! own %[+1 ,,to ,,treat ,,cruelly ! great body ( _! slaves4 ,objection ,,vi4--,,! ,,fact ,,t ,,! ,,slaves ,,multiply ,,s ,,rapidly ,,proves ,,t ,,!y ,,are ,,n ,,inhumanely ,,treat$1 ,,b ,,are ,,9 ,a ,,com=table ,,condition ,to ?is we reply 9 brief1 #a/4 ,x has be5 already %[n "u a previ\s head1 t1 9 consid]able sections ( ! slave /ates1 especially 9 ! ,s\? ,we/1 ! bir?s among slaves are few] ?an ! dea?s1 :i* w\ld exhibit a fe>ful decrease ( ! slave population 9 ^? sections1 if ! defici5cy 7 n made up by ! slave trade f ! upp] c\ntry4 #b;d4 ,! fact t all *ildr5 born ( slave mo!rs1 :e!r _! fa!rs are :ites or free color$ p]sons1 are includ$ 9 ! c5sus ) ! slaves1 & fur!r t all *ildr5 born ( :ite mo!rs1 ^: fa!rs are mulattos or blacks1 are also includ$ 9 ! c5sus ) color$ p]sons & almo/ inv>iably ) slaves1 %[s t x is impossible to asc]ta9 ) any accuracy1 :at is ! actual increase ( ! slaves alone4 #c;d4 ,! fact t ?\s&s ( slaves1 g5]ally 9 ! prime ( life1 are annually smuggl$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ,africa1 ,cuba1 & else:]e1 makes x manife/ t all inf]5ces drawn f ! increase ( ! slave population1 :i* d n make l>ge d$uctions1 = con/ant importations1 mu/ be fallaci\s4 ,mr4 ,middleton ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 a spee* 9 ,congress 9 #ahai1 decl>$ t ,,?irte5 ,,?\s& ,,africans ,,are ,,annually ,,smuggl$ ,,into ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,/ates4 ,mr4 ,m]c] ( ,virg9ia1 9 a spee* 9 ,congress ab\t ! same "t decl>$ t ,c>goes1 ( ,african slaves 7 smuggl$ into ! ,s\? to a deplorable ext5t4 ,mr4 ,wright1 ( ,m>yl&1 9 a spee* 9 ,congress1 e/imat$ ! numb] annually at ,,fifte5 ,,?\s&4 ,miss ,m>t9eau1 9 h] rec5t "w1 7,society 9 ,am]ica17 in=ms u t a l>ge slavehold] 9 ,l\isiana1 assur$ h] 9 #ahce1 t ! annual importation ( native ,africans 0 f ?irte5 to fifte5 ?\s&4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 8 message to ,congress1 ,decemb]1 #ahcg1 says1 ,! l>ge =ce "u ,commodore ,dallas1 7on ! ,we/ ,india /ation17 has be5 mo/ actively & effici5tly employ$ 9 protect+ our comm]ce1 ,,9 ,,prev5t+ ,,! ,,importation ,,( ,,slaves1 c4 c4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,c\ri] ( #ae? ,febru>y1 #ahci1 has ^! rem>ks3 ,x is believ$ t ,african negroes h be5 repeat$ly introduc$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! numb] & ! proximity ( ! ,florida ports to ! isl& ( ,cuba1 make x no difficult matt]2 nor is our ext5d$ fronti] on ! ,sab9e & ,r$ riv]s1 at all unfavorable to ! smuggl]4 ,human laws h1 9 all c\ntries & ages1 be5 violat$ :5ev] ! inducem5ts to d s af=d$ hopes ( great pr(it4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates' law aga9/ ! importation ( ,africans1 c\ld x be /rictly en=c$1 might 9 a few ye>s give ! sug> & cotton plant]s ( ,texas advantage ov] ^? ( ?is /ate2 z x w\ld1 we appreh5d1 enable ! =m]1 "u a /able gov]nm5t1 to furni% cotton & sug> at a l[] price ?an we c d4 ,:5 giv+ publicity to su* reflections z ! subject seems to sugge/1 we prote/ aga9/ be+ consid]$ advocates = any violation ( ! laws ( our c\ntry4 ,e good citiz5 mu/ respect ^? laws1 not)/&+ we may deem !m likely to be evad$ by m5 less scrupul\s4 ,t bo? ! s\? & nor? sw>m ) m5 'less scrupul\s1' e "o kn[s4 ,! ,norfolk 7,va47 ,beacon1 ( ,june #h1 #ahcg1 has ! foll[+3 ,slave ,trade4--,eight ,african negroes h be5 tak5 into cu/ody1 at ,apala*icola1 by ! ,u4,s4 ,deputy ,m>%al1 alleg$ to h be5 import$ f ,cuba1 on bo>d ! s*oon] ,emp]or1 ,capta9 ,cox4 ,indictm5ts = piracy1 "u ! acts = ! suppression ( ! slave trade1 h be5 f\nd aga9/ ,capta9 ,cox1 & o!r p>ties implicat$4 ,! negroes 7 b\ght 9 ,cuba by a ,fr5*man nam$ ,malh]be1 =m]ly a resid5t ( ,tallahassee1 :o 0 dr[n$ soon aft] ! arrival ( ! s*oon]4 ,! foll[+ te/imony ( ,rev4 ,horace ,m\lton1 n[ a m9i/] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*1 9 ,m>lbor\gh1 ,mass41 :o resid$ "s ye>s 9 ,georgia1 reveals "s ( ! secrets ( ! slave-smuggl]s1 & ! connivance ( ! ,georgia au?orities at _! do+s4 ,x is conta9$ 9 a lett] dat$ ,febru>y #bd1 #ahci4 ,! =eign slave-trade 0 c>ri$ on to "s consid]able ext5t :5 ,i 0 at ! s\?1 not)/&+ a law _h be5 made "s t5 ye>s previ\s to ?is1 mak+ ?is traffic piracy on ! high seas4 ,i 0 some:at acqua9t$ ) ! secrets ( ?is traffic1 &1 ,i suppose1 ,i might h engag$ 9 x1 _h ,i s desir$4 ,7 y to visit all ! plantations 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 ,alabama1 & ,mississippi1 ,i ?9k y w\ld be conv9c$ t ! horrors ( ! traffic 9 human fle% h n yet ceas$4 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d s _m t c\ld n speak ,engli% among ! slaves1 until ! my/]y 0 expla9$4 ,?is 0 done1 :5 ,i le>n$ t slave-c>goes 7 l&$ on ! coa/ ( ,florida1 n a ?\s& miles f ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,!y c\ld1 & c /ill1 9 my op9ion1 be l&$ z safely on ?is coa/ z 9 any port ( ?is cont95t4 ,y c imag9e = y\rself h[ easy x 0 to c>ry on ! traffic betwe5 ?is place & ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,:5 l&$ on ! coa/ ( ,florida1 x is an easy matt] to di/ribute !m ?r\gh\t ! m s\!rn /ates4 ,! law :i* makes x piracy to traffic 9 ! =eign slave trade is a dead lett]2 & ,i d\bt n x has be5 s 9 ! m s\!rn /ates ev] s9ce x 0 enact$4 ,= y c p]ceive at once1 t int]e/$ m51 :o believe ! color$ man is s mu* bett] (f "h ?an he possibly c be 9 ,africa1 w n hesitate to kidnap ! blacks :5ev] an opportunity pres5ts itself4 ,i w notice "o fact t came "u my own obs]vation1 :i* w conv9ce y t ! horrors ( ! =eign slave-trade h n yet ceas$ among our s\!rn g5try4 ,x is z foll[s4 ,a slave %ip1 :i* ,i h reason to believe 0 employ$ by s\!rn m51 came ne> ! port ( ,savannah ) ab\t ,,five ,,hundr$ ,,slaves1 f ,gu9ea & ,congo4 ,x 0 said t ! %ip 0 driv5 !re by contr>y w9ds2 & ! crew1 pret5d+ to be %ort ( provisions1 run ! %ip into a by place1 ne> ! %ore1 betwe5 ,tybee ,light & ,d>i51 to recruit _! /ores4 ,well1 z ,provid5ce w\ld h x1 ! rev5ue cutt]1 at t "t tak+ a trip along ! coa/1 fell 9 ) ?is slave %ip1 took h] z a prize1 & br\ght h] up into ! port ( ,savannah4 ,! c>go ( human *attels 0 unload$1 & ! captives 7 plac$ 9 an old b>racks1 9 ! =t ( ,savannah1 "u ! protection ( ! city au?orities1 !y pret5d+ t !y %\ld return !m all to _! native c\ntry aga91 z soon z a conv5i5t opportunity pres5t$ itself4 ,! %ip's crew ( c\rse 7 arre/$1 & conf9$ 9 jail4 ,n[ = ! sequel ( ?is hi/ory4 ,ab\t "o ?ird "p ( ! negroes di$ 9 a few weeks aft] !y 7 l&$1 9 season+1 s call$1 or 9 becom+ acclimat$--or1 z ,i %\ld ?9k1 a di/emp] broke out among !m1 & !y di$ l ! ,israelites :5 smitt5 ) ! plague4 ,^? :o did n die 9 season+1 mu/ be hir$ out a little :ile1 to be sure1 z ! city au?orities c\ld n af=d to keep !m on exp5se do+ no?+4 ,z x happ5$1 ! man 9 ^: employ ,i 0 :5 ! c>go ( human be+s arriv$1 hir$ "s tw5ty or ?irty ( !m1 & put !m "u my c>e4 ,!y cont9u$ ) me until ! sickly season drove me (f to ! nor?4 ,i soon return$1 b c\ld n he> a ^w ab\t ! crew ( pirates4 ,!y _h some?+ l a mock trial1 z ,i %\ld ?9k1 = no "o1 z ,i ev] le>n$1 0 condemn$1 f9$1 or c5sur$4 ,b :]e 7 ! poor captives1 :o 7 go+ to be return$ to ,africa by ! city au?orities1 z soon z !y c\ld make x conv5i5t8 ,oh1 =soo?1 ^? ( :om ,i spoke1 be+ "u my c>e1 7 tugg+ away = ! same man2 ! rema9d] 7 scatt]$ ab\t among diff]5t plant]s4 ,:5 ,i return$ to ! nor? aga91 ! next ye>1 ! city au?orities _h n1 d[n to t "t2 made x conv5i5t to return ^! poor victims4 ,! fact is1 !y belong$ !re2 &1 9 my op9ion1 !y 7 design$ to be l&$ ne> by ! place :]e ! rev5ue cutt] seiz$ !m4 ,probably ^? v plant]s = :om !y 7 orig9ally design$ receiv$ !m2 & /ill !re 0 a pret5ce kept up t !y w\ld be return$ to ,africa4 ,?is mu/ h be5 done1 t ! consci5ces ( ^? might be quiet$1 :o 7 look+ = ju/ice to be adm9i/]$ to ^! poor captives4 ,x is easy = a company ( slavehold]s1 :o desire to traffic 9 human fle%1 to fit out a vessel1 "u ,spani% colors1 & !n g pr[l+ ab\t ! ,african coa/ = ! victims ( _! lu/s4 ,if all ! facts ) relation to ! ,african slave-trade1 n[ secretly c>ri$ on at ! s\?1 c\ld be disclos$1 ! p ( ! free /ates w\ld be fill$ ) amazem5t4 ,x is pla91 f ! nature ( ?is trade1 & ! circum/ances "u :i* x is c>ri$ on1 t ! numb] ( slaves import$ w\ld be likely to be e/imat$ f> bel[ ! tru?4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ! e/imate ( ,mr4 ,wright1 ( ,m>yl&1 7fifte5 ?\s& annually17 is "s ?\s&s too small4 ,b ev5 accord+ to 8 e/imate1 ! ,african slave-trade adds ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,fifty ,,?\s& ,,slaves ,,to ,,ea* ,,unit$ ,,/ates' ,,c5sus4 ,^! are 9 ! prime ( life1 & _! *ildr5 w\ld swell ! slave population _m ?\s&s annually--?us mak+ a great addition to ea* c5sus4 #d4 ,x is a notori\s fact1 t l>ge numb]s ( free color$ p]sons are kidnapp$ e ye> 9 ! free /ates1 tak5 to ! s\?1 & sold z slaves4 ,hon4 ,,george ,m4 ,,/r\d1 ,judge ( ! ,crim9al ,c\rt ( ,philadelphia1 9 8 sket* ( ! slave laws1 speak+ ( ! kidnapp+ ( free color$ p]sons 9 ! nor!rn /ates1 says-- ,remote z is ! city ( ,philadelphia f ^? slavehold+ /ates 9 :i* ! introduction ( slaves f places )9 ! t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is freely p]mitt$1 & :]e also ! m>ket is tempt+1 x has be5 asc]ta9$1 t ,,m ,,?an ,,?irty ,,free ,,color$ ,,p]sons1 ,,mo/ly ,,*ildr51 ,,h ,,be5 ,,kidnapp$ ,,"h1 ,,& ,,c>ri$ ,,away1 ,,)9 ,,! ,,la/ ,,two ,,ye>s4 ,five ( ^!1 ?r\gh ! k9d int]position ( sev]al humane g5tlem51 h be5 re/or$ to _! fri5ds1 ?\gh n )\t great exp5se & difficulty2 ! o!rs are /ill reta9$ 9 bondage1 & if rescu$ at all1 x mu/ be by s5d+ :ite witnesses a j\rney ( m ?an a ?\s& miles4 ,! co/s att5dant ^u lawsuits1 "u su* circum/ances1 w probably fall b little %ort ( ! e/imat$ value1 z slaves1 ( ! individuals kidnapp$4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ,mrs4 ,,*ild's ,appeal1 pp4 #fd-f4 ,i "k ! names ( f\r color$ citiz5s ( ,massa*usetts1 :o w5t to ,georgia on bo>d a vessel1 7 seiz$ "u ! laws ( t /ate1 & sold z slaves4 ,!y h s5t ! mo/ e>ne/ exhortations to _! families & fri5ds1 to d some?+ = _! relief2 b ! att5dant exp5ses require m money ?an ! fri5ds ( negroes are apt to h1 & ! poor fell[s1 z yet1 rema9 unassi/$4 ,a ,new ,york pap]1 ( ,novemb]1 #ahbi1 conta9s ! foll[+ caution4 ,bew>e ( ,kidnapp]s6--,x is well und]/ood1 t !re is at pres5t 9 ?is city1 a gang ( kidnapp]s1 busily engag$ 9 _! vocation1 ( /eal+ color$ *ildr5 = ! s\!rn m>ket4 ,x is believ$ t ?ree or f\r h be5 /ol5 )9 z _m days4 ,!re are suspicions ( a f\l nature connect$ ) "s :o s]ve ! police 9 subord9ate capacities4 ,x is h9t$ t !re may be ^? 9 "s au?ority1 n altoge!r ignorant ( ^! diabolical practices4 ,let ! public be on _! gu>d6 ,x is /ill fre% 9 ! memories ( all1 t a c>go1 or r drove ( negroes1 0 made up f ?is city & ,philadelphia1 ab\t ! "t t ! emancipation ( all ! negroes 9 ?is /ate took place1 "u our pres5t con/itution1 & 7 tak5 ?r\gh ,virg9ia1 ! ,c>ol9as1 & ,t5nessee1 & dispos$ ( 9 ! /ate ( ,mississippi4 ,"s ( ^? :o 7 tak5 f ,philadelphia 7 p]sons ( intellig5ce2 & aft] !y _h be5 driv5 ?r\gh ! c\ntry 9 *a9s1 & dispos$ ( by sale on ! ,mississippi1 wrote back to _! fri5ds1 & 7 rescu$ f bondage4 ,! p]sons :o 7 guilty ( ?is abom9able transaction are kn[n1 & n[ reside 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,!y may v probably be engag$ 9 simil> ent]prizes at ! pres5t "t--at lea/ !re is reason to believe1 t ! sy/em ( kidnapp+ free p]sons ( color f ! nor!rn cities1 has be5 c>ri$ on m ext5sively ?an ! public arc g5]ally aw>e (4 ,,george ,,bradburn1 ,esq4 ( ,nantucket1 ,mass4 a memb] ( ! ,legislature ( t /ate1 at its la/ session1 made a report to t body1 ,m>* #f1 #ahci1 ',on ! deliv]ance ( citiz5s liable to be sold z slaves4' ,t report conta9s ! foll[+ facts & te/imony4 ,! foll[+ facts are a few out ( a ,,va/ ,,multitude1 to :i* ! att5tion ( ! und]sign$ has be5 direct$4 ,on ! #bg? ( ,febru>y la/1 ! und]sign$ _h an int]view ) ! ,rev4 ,samuel ,sn[d51 a respectable & intellig5t cl]gyman ( ! city ( ,bo/on4 ,?is g5tleman /at$1 & he is n[ ready to make oa?1 t dur+ ! la/ six ye>s1 he has himself1 by ! aid ( v>i\s b5evol5t individuals1 procur$ ! deliv]ance f jail ( six citiz5s ( ,massa*usetts1 :o _h be51 arre/$ & imprison$ z runaway slaves1 & :o1 b = 8 timely int]position1 w\ld h be5 sold into p]petual bondage4 ,! names & ! places ( imprisonm5t ( ^? p]sons1 z /at$ by ,mr4 ,s4 7 z foll[s3 ,james ,hight1 imprison$ at ,mobile2 ,william ,adams1 at ,norfolk2 ,william ,holmes1 also at ,norfolk2 ,james ,ox=d1 at ,wilm+ton2 ,james ,smi?1 at ,baton ,r\ge2 ,john ,tidd1 at ,new ,orleans4 ,9 #ahcf1 ,m>y ,smi?1 a native ( ?is /ate1 return+ f ,new ,orleans1 :i!r %e _h be5 9 ! capacity ( a s]vant1 0 ca/ ^u ! %ores ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,%e 0 !re seiz$ & sold z a slave4 ,in=mation ( ! fact rea*$ h] fri5ds at ,bo/on4 ,^? fri5ds made an ef=t to obta9 h] lib]ation4 ,!y invok$ ! assi/ance ( ! ,gov]nor ( ?is ,commonweal?4 ,a correspond5ce ensu$ betwe5 ,8 ,excell5cy & ! ,gov]nor ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a3 copies ( :i* 7 (f]$ = ! inspection ( y\r committee4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 by p]mission ( ! au?orities ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ',m>y ,smi?' return$ to ,bo/on4 ,b x turn$ out1 t ?is 0 n ! ,m>y ,smi?1 :om our wor?y ,gov]nor1 & o!r excell5t individuals ( ,bo/on1 _h tak5 s unwe>i$ pa9s to r$eem f slav]y4 ,x 0 ano!r woman1 ( ! same "n1 :o 0 also a native ( ,massa*usetts1 & _h be5 seiz$ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a z a runaway slave4 ,! ,m>y ,smi? has n yet be5 he>d (4 ,if alive1 %e is n[1 9 all probability1 we>+ ! *a9s ( slav]y4 ,ab\t a ye> & a half s9ce1 sev]al citiz5s ( diff]5t free /ates 7 rescu$ f slav]y1 at ,new ,orleans1 by ! direct p]sonal ef=ts ( an acqua9tance ( ! und]sign$4 ,! b5evol5t individual allud$ to is ,jacob ,b>k]1 ,esq4 a "n n unkn[n to ! comm]cial _w4 ,mr4 ,b>k] is a resid5t ( ,new ,orleans4 ,a /atem5t ( ! cases 9 ref]5ce is conta9$ 9 a lett] address$ by him to ! ,hon4 ,samuel ,h4 ,j5ks1 ( ,nantucket4 ,! lett] ( ,mr4 ,b>k]1 ref]r$ to 9 ?is report to ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts1 be>s date ,augu/ #ai1 #ahcg4 ,! foll[+ are extracts f x4 ,a free man1 belong+ to ,baltimore1 by ! "n ( ,ephraim ,l>k91 :o came "h cook ( ! ,william ,tell1 0 arre/$ & ?r[n into prison a few weeks s9ce1 & s5t 9 *a9s to "w on ! road4 ,i he>d ( x1 & ) difficulty f\nd him2 & aft] ! mo/ dilig5t & active ex]tions1 got him releas$--9 effect+ :i*1 ,i travel$ 9 ! heat ( ! day1 !rmomet] rang+ 9 ! %ade f #id to #ajj1 m ?an tw5ty times to & f prison1 ! place ( 8 labor1 & ! diff]5t c\rts1 a di/ance ( ne> ?ree miles f my resid5ce2 & aft] ,i _h e/abli%$ 8 fre$om1 _h to pay = 8 arre/1 ma9t5ance1 & ! adv]tis+ him z a runaway slave1 #bi4hi1 z p] copy ( bill h]e)--! all[ance = "w n equall+ ! exp5ses1 ! am\nt augm5ts ) e day ( conf9em5t4 ,9 pursu+ ! cook ( ! ,william ,tell1 ,i f\nd ?ree o!r free m51 conf9$ 9 ! same prison2 "o belong$ also to ,baltimore1 by ! "n ( ,leav5 ,dog]ty3 he 0 also releas$1 on my pay+ #bh exp5ses2 "o 0 a desc5dant ( ! ,indians :o once inhabit$ ,nantucket--8 "n is ,eral ,lonnon4 ,lonnon _h be5 six weeks 9 prison2 he 0 releas$ )\t difficulty1 on my pay+ #bj4ch exp5ses--& no "o seem$ to "k :y he _h be5 conf9$ or arre/$1 z ! law does n presume p]sons ( mix$ blood to be slaves4 ,b = ! o!rs1 ,i _h great difficulty 9 procur+ :at 0 consid]$ compet5t witnesses to prove !m free4 ,no compla9t ( improp] conduct _h be5 made aga9/ ei!r ( !m4 ,at "o "t1 ! ,record] said ! witness mu/ be :ite2 at ano!r1 t "o respectable witness 0 insuffici5t2 at ano!r1 t a p]son :o _h be5 7improp]ly7 conf9$ & releas$1 0 n a compet5t witness1 c4 c4 ,lonnon has be5 employ$ 9 ! ,s\? ,sea fi%]y f ,nantucket & ,new ,b$=d1 ne>ly all 8 life2 has sail$ on ^? voyages 9 ! %ips ,eagle1 ,m>yl&1 ,gideon1 ,triton1 & ,samuel4 ,he 0 born at ,m>%pee1 ,plym\? 7,b>n/able7 c\nty1 ,mass4 & pref]s to enc\nt] ! levia?an ( ! deep1 r ?an ! turnkeys ( ,new ,orleans4 ,! o!r 0 born 9 ,/4 ,johns1 ,nova ,scotia1 & be>s ! "n ( ,william ,smi?1 a seaman by pr(ession4 ,imm$iately aft] ^! m5 7 releas$1 two o!rs 7 arre/$4 ,!y attempt$ to escape1 & be+ pursu$1 ran = ! riv]1 9 ! va9 hope ( be+ able to swim across ! ,mississippi1 a di/ance ( a mile1 ) a curr5t ( f\r knots4 ,"o soon gave out1 & made = a boat :i* _h be5 despat*$ = _! recov]y1 & 0 sav$2 ! o!r be+ a bett] swimm]1 cont9u$ on until mu* exhau/$1 !n also made = ! boat--x 0 too late2 he sank be=e ! boat c\ld rea* him1 & 0 dr[n$4 ,!y claim$ to be freem54 ,on ,sunday la/ ,i 0 call$ to ! prison ( ! ,municipality 9 :i* ,i reside1 to s]ve on an inque/ on ! body ( a dr[n$ man4 ,!re ,i saw "o o!r free man conf9$1 by ! "n ( ,h5ry ,ti]1 a yell[ man1 born 9 ,new ,york1 & =m]ly 9 my employ4 ,he _h be5 conf9$ z a suppos$ runaway1 ne> six mon?s1 )\t a p>ticle ( te/imony2 al?\gh f 8 color1 ! laws ( ,l\isiana presume him to be free4 ,i appli$ imm$iately = 8 release1 :i* 0 promptly grant$4 ,at fir/1 exp5ses simil> to ^? exact$ 9 ! ?ird ,municipality 7 requir$2 b on my demon/rat+ to ! record] t ! law impos$ no su* burd5 on free m51 he 0 releas$ )\t any *>ge :atev]4 ,h[ free m5 c obta9 satisfaction = hav+ be5 ?us wrongfully imprison$1 & made to "w 9 *a9s on ! highway1 is n = me to decide4 ,i appreh5d no satisfaction c be _h )\t m active fri5ds1 will+ to esp\se _! cause1 ?an c be f\nd 9 ?is qu>t]4 ,!re=e ,i repeat1 t no p]son ( color %\ld come "h )\t a c]tificate ( fre$om f ! gov]nor ( ! /ate to :i* he belongs4 ,v respectfully1 y\r assur$ fri5d1 ,jacob ,b>k]4 ,n4,b4--,s9ce writ+ ! prec$+1 ,i h procur$ ! release ( ano!r free man f ! prison ( ! ?ird ,municipality1 on ! paym5t ( #ci4fe1 z p] bill1 copy h]e)4 ,8 "n is ,william ,lockman--he 0 born 9 ,new ,j]sey1 ( free p>5ts1 & resides at ,philadelphia4 ,a great] sum 0 requir$ :i* 0 r$uc$ by ! all[ance ( 8 ma9t5ance 7writt5 labor17 :ile at "w on ! road1 :i* ! law requires ! ,municipality to pay2 b x _h n be=e be5 s exp\nd$ 9 ! ?ird ,municipality4 ,i hope to get x back 9 ! case ( ! o!r ?ree4 ,! all[ance = labor1 9 addition to _! ma9t5ance1 is tw5ty-five c5ts p] day2 b !y require ^? illit]ate m5 to advance ! :ole be=e !y c leave ! prison1 & !n to take a c]tificate = _! labor1 & g = x to ano!r dep>tm5t--to collect :i*1 is t5 times m tr\ble ?an ! money :5 receiv$ is wor?4 ,:ile ^! free m51 )\t hav+ committ$ any fault1 7 compell$ to "w 9 *a9s1 on ! roads1 9 ! burn+ sun1 = #be c5ts p] day1 & pay 9 advance #ah #c-d c5ts p] day = ma9t5ance1 doctor's1 & o!r bills1 & n able to "w half _! "t1 ,i paid o!rs1 work+ on %ip-bo>d1 9 sight1 two doll>s p] day4 ,j4,b4 ,! prec$+ lett] ( ,mr4 ,b>k]1 furni%es gr\nds = ! belief1 t hundr$s1 if n ?\s&s ( free color$ p]sons1 f ! diff]5t /ates ( ?is ,union1 bo? slave & free f ! ,we/ ,indies1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,mexico1 & ! ,briti% possessions 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 & f o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 are r$uc$ to slav]y e ye> 9 our slave /ates4 ,if a s+le individual1 9 ! c\rse ( a few days1 accid5tally discov]$ six color$ free m51 work+ 9 irons1 & soon to be sold z slaves1 9 a s+le s\!rn city1 is x n fair to inf]1 t 9 all ! slave /ates1 !re mu/ be multitudes ( su* p]sons1 n[ 9 slav]y1 & t ?is numb] is rapidly increas+1 by ceaseless accessions8 ,! lett] ( ,mr4 ,b>k] is valuable1 also1 z a graphic del9eation ( ! 'public op9ion' ( ! s\?4 ,! great difficulty ) :i* ! release ( ^! free m5 0 procur$1 not)/&+ ! p]sonal ef=ts ( ,mr4 ,jacob ,b>k]1 :o is a g5tleman ( influ5ce1 & has1 we believe1 be5 an ald]man ( ,new ,orleans1 reveals a 'public op9ion1' ins5sible z adamant to ! lib]ty ( color$ m54 ,x w\ld be easy to fill scores ( pages ) details simil> to ! prec$+4 ,we h furni%$ en\gh1 h[ev]1 to %[1 t1 9 all probability1 ea* ,unit$ ,/ates' c5sus ( ! slave population1 is increas$ by ! addition to x ( ?\s&s ( free color$ p]sons1 kidnapp$ & sold z slaves4 #e?4 ,to argue t ! rapid multiplication ( any class 9 ! community1 is pro( t su* a class is well-clo!d1 well-h\s$1 abundantly f$1 & v com=table1 is z absurd z to argue t ^? :o h few *ildr51 mu/ ( c\rse1 be ill-clo!d1 ill-h\s$1 badly lodg$1 ov]work$1 ill-f$1 c4 c4 ,true1 privations & inflictions may be c>ri$ to su* an ext5t z to occasion a fe>ful dim9i%m5t ( population4 ,t 0 ! case g5]ally ) ! slave population 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 &1 z has be5 %[n1 is true ( c]ta9 portions ( ! s\!rn /ates4 ,b ! fact t su* an effect is n produc$1 does n prove t ! slaves d n exp]i5ce great privations & sev]e inflictions4 ,!y may suff] mu* h>d%ip1 & great cruelties1 )\t exp]i5c+ s great a d]angem5t ( ! vital functions z to prev5t *ild-be>+4 ,! ,israelites multipli$ ) a/oni%+ rapidity1 "u ! task-ma/]s & burd5s ( ,egypt4 ,does ?is falsify ! decl>ations ( ,scripture1 t '!y sigh$ by reason ( _! bondage1' & t ! ,egyptians 'made !m s]ve ) rigor1' & made '_! lives bitt] ) h>d bondage4' ',i h se51' said ,god1 '_! afflictions4 ,i h be>d _! groan+s1' c4 ,! hi/ory ( ! human race %[s1 t great privations & mu* suff]+ may be exp]i5c$1 )\t mat]ially *eck+ ! rapid increase ( population4 ,besides1 if we %\ld give to ! objection all x claims1 x w\ld m]ely prove1 t ! female slaves1 or r a portion ( !m1 are 9 a com=table condition2 & t1 s f> z ! absolute necessities ( life are conc]n$1 ! females ( *ild-be>+ age1 9 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 nor!rn1 we/]n1 & middle ,virg9ia1 ! upp] p>ts ( ,k5tucky & ,miss\ri1 & among ! m\nta9s ( ea/ ,t5nessee & we/]n ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 are 9 g5]al tol]ably well suppli$4 ,! same rem>k1 ) "s qualifications1 may be made ( ! slaves g5]ally1 9 ^? p>ts ( ! c\ntry :]e ! p are slavehold]s1 ma9ly1 t !y may enjoy ! privilege & pr(it ( be+ slave-bre$]s4 ,,objection ,,viii4--',,public ,,op9ion ,,is ,a ,,protection ,,to ,,! ,,slave4' ,,answ]4 ,x 0 public op9ion t made him a slave4 ,9 a republican gov]nm5t ! p make ! laws1 & ^? laws are m]ely public op9ion 9 legal =ms4 ,we repeat x1--public op9ion made !m slaves1 & keeps !m slaves2 9 o!r words1 x sunk !m f m5 to *attels1 & n[1 =soo?1 ?is same public op9ion w see to x1 t ^! *attels are treat$ l m56 ,by look+ a little into ?is matt]1 & f9d+ out h[ ?is 'public op9ion' 7law7 protects ! slaves 9 "s p>ticul>s1 we c judge ( ! am\nt ( its protection 9 o!rs4 #a4 ,x protects ! slaves f robb]y1 by decl>+ t ^? :o robb$ _! mo!rs may rob !m & _! *ildr54 ,all negroes1 mulattoes1 or me/izoes :o n[ are1 or %all h]eaft] be 9 ?is prov9ce1 & all _! (fspr+1 are h]eby decl>$ to be1 & %all rema91 =ev]1 h]eaft]1 absolute slaves1 & %all foll[ ! condition ( ! "m4--,law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #b ,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bbi4 ,o!rs ( ! slave /ates h simil> laws4 #b4 ,x protects _! p]sons1 by giv+ _! ma/] a "r to flog1 w\nd1 & beat !m :5 he pleases4 ,see ,dev]eaux's ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,reports1 #bfc4--;,case ( ! ,/ate vs4 ,mann1 #ahbi2 9 :i* ! ,supreme ,c\rt decid$1 t a ma/] :o %ot at a female slave & w\nd$ h]1 because %e got loose f him :5 he 0 flogg+ h]1 & />t$ to run f him1 _h violat$ no law1 ,,& ,,c\ld ,,n ,,be ,,indict$4 ,x has be5 decid$ by ! highe/ c\rts ( ! slave /ates g5]ally1 t assault & batt]y ^u a slave is n indictable z a crim9al (f5ce4 ,! foll[+ decision on ?is po9t 0 made by ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a 9 ! case ( ! ,/ate vs4 ,*eetwood1 #b ,hill's ,reports1 #dei4 ,protection ( slaves4--,! crim9al (f5ce ( assault & batt]y _c1 at common law1 be committ$ on ! p]son ( a slave4 ,=1 not)/&+ = "s purposes a slave is reg>d$ 9 law z a p]son1 yet g5]ally he is a m]e *attel p]sonal1 & 8 "r ( p]sonal protection belongs to 8 ma/]1 :o c ma9ta9 an action ( trespass = ! batt]y ( 8 slave4 ,!re c be !re=e no (f5ce aga9/ ! /ate = a m]e beat+ ( a slave1 unaccompani$ by any circum/ances ( cruelty1 or an attempt to kill & murd]4 ,! peace ( ! /ate is n !reby brok52 = a slave is n g5]ally reg>d$ z legally capable ( be+ )9 ! peace ( ! /ate4 ,he is n a citiz51 & is n 9 t "* entitl$ to h] protection4 ,?is 'public op9ion' protects ! p]sons ( ! slaves by depriv+ !m ( ,jury trial2#bh _! consci5ces1 by =bidd+ !m to assemble = wor%ip1 unless _! oppressors are pres5t2#bi _! *>act]s1 by br&+ !m z li>s1 9 d5y+ !m _! oa? 9 law2#cj _! mode/y1 by leav+ _! ma/] to clo!1 or let !m g nak$1 z he pleases2#ca & _! heal?1 by leav+ him to fe$ or />ve !m1 to "w !m1 wet or dry1 ) or )\t sleep1 to lodge !m1 ) or )\t cov]+1 z ! :im takes him2#cb & _! lib]ty1 m>riage relations1 p>5tal au?ority1 & filial obligations1 by annihilat+ ! :ole4#cc ,?is is ! protection :i* ',,public ,,op9ion1' 9 ! =m ( law1 af=ds to ! slaves2 ?is is ! *ivalr\s knight1 always 9 /irrups1 ) lance 9 re/1 to *ampion ! cause ( ! slaves4 ,footnote #bh3 ,law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,james' ,dige/1 #cib-c4 ,law ( ,l\isiana4 ,m>t9's ,dige/1 #db4 ,law ( ,virg9ia4 ,rev4 ,code1 #dbi4 ,footnote #bi3 ,miss4 ,rev4 ,code1 #cij4 ,simil> laws exi/ 9 ! slave /ates g5]ally4 ,footnote #cj3 ,a slave _c be a witness aga9/ a :ite p]son1 ei!r 9 a civil or crim9al cause4 ,/r\d's ,sket* ( ! ,laws ( ,slav]y1 #fe4 ,footnote #ca3 ,/r\d's ,sket* ( ! ,slave ,laws1 #acb4 ,footnote #cb3 ,/r\d's ,sket*1 #bf-cb4 ,footnote #cc3 ,/r\d's ,sket*1 #bb-bd4 ,public op9ion1 protection to ! slave6 ,braz5 effront]y1 hypocrisy1 & falsehood6 ,we h1 9 ! laws cit$ & ref]r$ to above1 ! =mal te/imony ( ! ,legislatures ( ! slave /ates1 t1 'public op9ion' does p]t9aci\sly refuse to protect ! slaves2 n only s1 b t x does itself p]secute & plund] !m all3 t x orig9ally plann$1 & n[ presides ov]1 sanctions1 executes & p]petuates ! :ole sy/em ( robb]y1 torture1 & outrage "u :i* !y groan4 ,9 all ! slave /ates1 ?is 'public op9ion' has tak5 away f ! slave 8 lib]ty2 x has robb$ him ( 8 "r to 8 own body1 ( 8 "r to improve 8 m9d1 ( 8 "r to read ! ,bible1 ( 8 "r to wor%ip ,god accord+ to 8 consci5ce1 ( 8 "r to receive & enjoy :at he e>ns1 ( 8 "r to live ) 8 wife & *ildr51 ( 8 "r to bett] 8 condition1 ( 8 "r to eat :5 he is hungry1 to re/ :5 he is tir$1 to sleep :5 be ne$s x1 & to cov] 8 nak$ness ) clo?+3 ?is 'public op9ion' makes ! slave a prison] = life on ! plantation1 except :5 8 jailor pleases to let him out ) a 'pass1' or sells him1 & transf]s him 9 irons to ano!r jail-y>d3 ?is 'public op9ion' trav]ses ! c\ntry1 buy+ up m51 wom51 *ildr5--*a9+ !m 9 c(fles1 & driv+ !m =ev] f _! ne>e/ fri5ds2 x sets !m on ! auction table1 to be h&l$1 scrut9iz$1 knock$ (f to ! highe/ bidd]2 x proclaims t !y %all n h _! lib]ty2 &1 if _! ma/]s give x !m1 'public op9ion' seizes & ?r[s !m back into slav]y4 ,?is same 'public op9ion' has =mally atta*$ ! foll[+ legal p5alties to ! foll[+ acts ( slaves4 ,if m ?an sev5 slaves are f\nd toge!r 9 any road1 )\t a :ite p]son1 tw5ty la%es a piece2 = visit+ a plantation )\t a writt5 pass1 t5 la%es2 = lett+ loose a boat f :]e x is made fa/1 ?irty-n9e la%es = ! fir/ (f5ce2 & = ! second1 '%all h cut (f f 8 head "o e>2' = keep+ or c>ry+ a club1 ?irty-n9e la%es2 = hav+ any article = sale1 )\t a ticket f 8 ma/]1 t5 la%es2 = travel+ 9 any o!r ?an '! mo/ usual & accu/om$ road1' :5 go+ alone to any place1 =ty la%es2 = travel+ 9 ! night1 )\t a pass1 =ty la%es2 = be+ f\nd 9 ano!r p]son's negro-qu>t]s1 =ty la%es2 = hunt+ ) dogs 9 ! woods1 ?irty la%es2 = be+ on horseback )\t ! writt5 p]mission ( 8 ma/]1 tw5ty-five la%es2 = rid+ or go+ abroad 9 ! night1 or rid+ horses 9 ! day "t1 )\t leave1 a slave may be :ipp$1 cropp$1 or br&$ 9 ! *eek ) ! lett] ,r1 or o!rwise puni%$1 n ext5d+ to life1 or s z to r5d] him unfit = labor4 ,! laws ref]r$ to may be f\nd by consult+ #b ,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bbh1 #bac1 #baf2 ,haywood's ,manual1 #gh1 *ap4 #ac1 pp4 #eah1 #ebi2 #a ,virg9ia ,revis$ ,code1 #gbb-c2 ,pr9ce's ,dige/1 #ded2 #b ,miss\ri ,laws1 #gda2 ,mississippi ,revis$ ,code1 #ega4 ,laws simil> to ^! exi/ ?r\gh\t ! s\!rn slave code4 ,extracts en\gh to fill a volume might be made f ^! laws1 %[+ t ! protection :i* 'public op9ion' grants to ! slaves1 is hung]1 nak$ness1 t]ror1 b]eavem5ts1 robb]y1 imprisonm5t1 ! /ocks1 iron coll>s1 hunt+ & worry+ !m ) dogs & guns1 mutilat+ _! bodies1 & murd]+ !m4 ,a few specim5s ( ! laws & ! judicial decisions on !m1 w %[ :at is ! /ate ( 'public op9ion' among slavehold]s t[>ds _! slaves4 ,let ! foll[+ suffice4--',any p]son may lawfully kill a slave1 :o has be5 outlaw$ = runn+ away & lurk+ 9 swamps1 c4'--,law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 ,judge ,/r\d's ,sket* ( ! ,slave ,laws1 #ajc2 ,haywood's ,manual1 #ebd4 ',a slave endeavor+ to entice ano!r slave to runaway1 if provisions1 c4 be prep>$ = ! purpose ( aid+ 9 su* runn+ away1 %all be puni%$ ) ,,dea?4 ,& a slave :o %all aid ! slave s endeavor+ to entice ano!r slave to run away1 %all also suff] ,,dea?4'--,law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 ,/r\d's ,sket* ( ,slave ,laws1 #ajc-d2 #b ,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bcc1 #bdd4 ,ano!r law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a provides t if a slave %all1 :5 abs5t f ! plantation1 refuse to be exam9$ by 'any :ite p]son1' 7no matt] h[ crazy or drunk17 'su* :ite p]son may seize & *a/ise him2 & if ! slave %all /rike su* :ite p]son1 su* slave may be lawfully kill$4'--#b ,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bca4 ,! foll[+ is a law ( ,georgia4--',if any slave %all presume to /rike any :ite p]son1 su* slave %all1 ^u trial & conviction be=e ! ju/ice or ju/ices1 suff] su* puni%m5t = ! fir/ (f5ce z !y %all ?9k fit1 n ext5d+ to life or limb2 & = ! second (f5ce1 ,,dea?4'--,pr9ce's ,dige/1 #dej4 ,! same law exi/s 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t dea? is made ! puni%m5t = ! ?ird (f5ce4 ,9 bo? /ates1 ! law conta9s ?is rem>kable proviso3 ',provid$ always1 t su* /rik+ be n done by ! comm& & 9 ! def5ce ( ! p]son or prop]ty ( ! own]1 or o!r p]son hav+ ! gov]nm5t ( su* slave1 9 :i* case ! slave %all be :olly excus$6' ,accord+ to ?is law1 if a slave1 by ! direction ( 8 ,,ov]se]1 /rike a :ite man :o is beat+ said ov]se]'s dog1 '! slave %all be :olly excus$2' b if ! :ite man has ru%$ ^u ! slave himself1 in/ead ( ! dog1 & is furi\sly beat+ him1 if ! slave /rike back b a s+le bl[1 ! legal p5alty is ',,any puni%m5t n ext5d+ to life or limb2' & if ! tortur$ slave has a second onset made ^u him1 &1 aft] suff]+ all b dea?1 aga9 /rike back 9 self-def5ce1 ! law ,,kills him = x4 ,s1 if a female slave1 9 ob$i5ce to h] mi/ress1 & 9 def5ce ( 'h] prop]ty1' /rike a :ite man :o is kick+ h] mi/ress' pet kitt51 %e '%all be :olly excus$1' sai? ! consid]ate law3 b if ! unprotect$ girl1 :5 beat5 & kick$ h]self1 raise h] h& aga9/ h] brutal assailant1 ! law condemns h] to 'any puni%m5t1 n ext5d+ to life or limb2 & if a wret* assail h] aga91 & attempt to violate h] *a/ity1 & ! trembl+ girl1 9 h] angui% & t]ror1 in/9ctively raise h] h& aga9/ him 9 self-def5ce1 %e %all1 sai? ! law1 'suff] ,,dea?4' ,read]1 ?is diabolical law is ! 'public op9ion' ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a t[>d ! slaves4 ,?is is ! vaunt$ 'protection' af=d$ !m by _! 'high-s\l$ *ivalry4' ,to %[ t ! 'public op9ion' ( ! slave /ates f> m effectually protects ! prop]ty ( ! ma/] ?an ! p]son ( ! slave1 ! read] is ref]r$ to two laws ( ,l\isiana1 pass$ 9 #ahai4 ,! "o atta*es a p5alty 'n exce$+ "o ?\s& doll>s1' & 'imprisonm5t n exce$+ two ye>s1' to ! crime ( 'cutt+ or break+ any iron *a9 or coll>1' :i* any ma/] ( slaves has us$ to prev5t _! runn+ away2 ! o!r1 a p5alty 'n exce$+ five hundr$ doll>s1' to 'wilfully cutt+ out ! tongue1 putt+ out ! eye1 cruelly burn+1 or depriv+ any slave ( any limb4' ,look at x--! mo/ horrible dismemb]m5t conceivable _c be puni%$ by a f9e ( m ?an five hundr$ doll>s4 ,! law expressly fixes t1 z ! utmo/ limit1 & x may n be half t sum2 n a s+le mom5t's imprisonm5t /ays ! wret* 9 8 c>e]1 & ! next h\r he may cut out ano!r slave's tongue1 or burn 8 h& (f4 ,b let ! same man break a *a9 put ^u a slave1 to keep him f runn+ away1 &1 besides pay+ d\ble ! p5alty t c\ld be exact$ f him = cutt+ (f a slave's leg1 ! law imprisons him n exce$+ two ye>s6 ,?is law reveals ! he>t ( slavehold]s t[>ds _! slaves1 _! diabolical indiff]5ce to ! mo/ excruciat+ & protract$ torm5ts inflict$ on !m by 'any p]son2' x reveals1 too1 ! relative protection af=d$ by 'public op9ion' to ! p]son ( ! slave1 9 appall+ contra/ ) ! va/ly sur] protection :i* x af=ds to ! ma/]'s prop]ty 9 ! slave4 ,! wret* :o cuts out ! tongue1 te>s out ! eyes1 %oots (f ! arms1 or burns (f ! feet ( a slave1 ov] a sl[ fire1 _c legally be f9$ m ?an five hundr$ doll>s2 b if he %\ld 9 pity loose a *a9 f 8 gall$ neck1 plac$ !re by ! ma/] to keep him f escap+1 & ?us put 8 prop]ty 9 "s jeop>dy1 he may be f9$ "o ?\s& doll>s1 & ?ru/ into a dungeon = two ye>s6 & ?is1 be x rememb]$1 n = /eal+ ! slave f ! ma/]1 nor = entic+1 or ev5 advis+ him to run away1 or giv+ him any in=mation h[ he c effect 8 escape2 b m]ely1 because1 t\*$ ) sympa?y = ! ble$+ victim1 z he sees ! r\gh iron *afe ! torn fle% at e turn1 he removes x2--&1 z escape )\t ?is incumbrance w\ld be easi] ?an ) x1 ! ma/]'s prop]ty 9 ! slave is put at "s risk4 ,= hav+ caus$ ?is slight risk1 ! law provides a puni%m5t--f9e n exce$+ "o ?\s& doll>s1 & imprisonm5t n exce$+ two ye>s4 ,we say 'slight risk1' because ! slave may n be dispos$ to enc\nt] ! dang]s1 & hung]1 & o!r suff]+s ( ! woods1 & ! c]ta9ty ( t]rible inflictions if caught2 & if he %\ld attempt x1 ! risk ( los+ him is small4 ,an adv]tisem5t ( five l9es w set ! :ole community h[l+ on 8 track2 & ! trembl+ & fami%$ fugitive is soon sc5t$ out 9 8 retreat1 & dragg$ back & deliv]$ ov] to 8 torm5tors4 ,! prec$+ law is ano!r illu/ration ( ! 'protection' af=d$ to ! limbs & memb]s ( slaves1 by 'public op9ion' among slavehold]s4 ,"h foll[ two o!r illu/rations ( ! brutal indiff]5ce ( 'public op9ion' to ! torm5ts ( ! slave1 :ile x is full ( zeal to comp5sate ! ma/]1 if any "o disables 8 slave s z to less5 8 m>ket value4 ,! fir/ is a law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,x provides1 t if a slave1 engag$ 9 8 own]'s s]vice1 be attack$ by a p]son 'n hav+ suffici5t cause = s do+1' & if ! slave %all be 'maim$ or disabl$' by him1 s t ! own] suff]s a loss f 8 inability to labor1 ! p]son maim+ him %all pay = 8 'lo/ "t1' & 'also ! *>ges = ! cure ( ! slave6' ,?is ,v&al law does n deign to take ! lea/ notice ( ! angui% ( ! 'maim$' slave1 made1 p]haps1 a groan+ cripple = life2 ! horrible wrong & injury done to him1 is pass$ ov] 9 utt] sil5ce4 ,x is ?us decl>$ to be n a crim9al act4 ,b ! pecuni>y int]e/s ( ! ma/] are n to be ?us neglect$ by 'public op9ion'4 ,oh no6 its t5d] b[els run ov] ) sympa?y at ! ma/]'s injury 9 ! 'lo/ "t' ( 8 slave1 & x c>efully provides t he %all h pay = ! :ole ( x4--,see #b ,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bca1 #b4 ,a law simil> to ! above has be5 pass$ 9 ,l\isiana1 :i* conta9s an additional provision = ! b5efit ( ! ma/]--orda9+1 t 'if ! slave' 7?us maim$ & disabl$17 'be =ev] r5d]$ unable to "w1' ! p]son maim+1 %all pay ! ma/] ! apprais$ value ( ! slave be=e ! injury1 & %all1 9 addition1 take ! slave1 & ma9ta9 him dur+ life4' ,?us 'public op9ion' transf]s ! helpless cripple f ! h& ( 8 ma/]1 :o1 z he has always _h ! b5efit ( 8 s]vices1 might possibly feel "s t5d]ness = him1 & puts him 9 ! sole p[] ( ! wret* :o has disabl$ him = life--protect+ ! victim f ! fury ( 8 torm5tor1 by putt+ him into 8 h&s6 ,:at b but*]y by piecemeal c1 "u su* circum/ances1 be expect$ f a man brutal en\gh at fir/ to 'maim' & 'disable' him1 & n[ exasp]at$ by be+ oblig$ to pay 8 full value to ! ma/]1 & to h1 9 addition1 ! daily c>e & exp5se ( 8 ma9t5ance4 ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 we h se5 ! foll[+ judicial decision1 9 ! case ( ,j\rdan1 vs4 ,patton--#e ,m>t9's ,l\isiana ,reports1 #fae4 ,a slave ( ! pla9tiff _h be5 depriv$ ( 8 only eye1 & ?us r5d]$ useless1 on :i* acc\nt ! c\rt adjudg$ t ! def5dant %\ld pay ! pla9tiff 8 full value4 ,! case w5t up1 by appeal1 to ! ,supreme c\rt4 ,judge ,ma!ws1 9 8 decision said1 t ':5 ! def5dant _h paid ! sum decre$1 ! slave ought to be plac$ 9 8 possession1'--add+1 t '! judgm5t mak+ full comp5sation to ! own] op]ates a *ange ( prop]ty4 ,he adds1 ',! pr9ciple ( humanity :i* w\ld lead u to suppose1 t ! mi/ress :om he _h long s]v$1 w\ld treat h] mis]able bl9d slave ) m k9dness ?an ! def5dant to :om ! judgm5t ought to transf] him1 ,,_c ,,be ,,tak5 ,,into ,,consid]ation6' ,! full comp5sation ( ! mi/ress = ! loss ( ! s]vices ( ! slave1 is wor?y ( all 'consid]ation1' ev5 to ! utt]mo/ f>?+2 'public op9ion' is omnipot5t = h] protection2 b :5 ! food1 clo?+1 %elt]1 fire & lodg+1 m$ic9e & nurs+1 com=t & entire condition & treatm5t ( h] poor bl9d slave ?r\gh\t 8 dre>y pilgrimage1 is ! "q--ah6 t1 says ! m\?piece ( ! law1 & ! repres5tative ( 'public op9ion1' ',,_c ,,be ,,tak5 ,,into ,,consid]ation4' ,protection ( slaves by 'public op9ion' among slavehold]s66 ,! =ego+ illu/rations ( s\!rn 'public op9ion1' f ! laws made by x & embody+ x1 are suffici5t to %[1 t1 s f> f be+ an effici5t protection to ! slaves1 x is _! deadlie/ foe1 p]secutor & torm5tor4 ,b "h we %all probably be met by ! legal lore ( "s ',ju/ice ,%all[1' in/ruct+ u t ! life ( ! slave is fully protect$ by law1 h[ev] unprotect$ he may be 9 o!r respects4 ,?is ass]tion we meet ) a po9t blank d5ial4 ,! law does n1 9 reality1 protect ! life ( ! slave4 ,b ev5 if ! lett] ( ! law w\ld fully protect ! life ( ! slave1 'public op9ion' 9 ! slave /ates w\ld make x a dead lett]4 ,! lett] ( ! law w\ld h be5 all-suffici5t = ! protection ( ! lives ( ! mis]able gambl]s 9 ,vicksburg1 & o!r places 9 ,mississippi1 f ! rage ( ^? ^: money !y _h won2 b 'g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+ 'laugh$ ! law to scorn1 ru%$ to ! gambl]s' h\se1 put ropes r\nd _! necks1 dragg$ !m ?r\gh ! /reets1 hang$ !m 9 ! public squ>e1 & ?us sav$ ! sum !y _h n yet paid4 ,?\s&s witness$ ?is :olesale murd]1 yet ( ! scores ( legal (fic]s pres5t1 n a s\l rais$ a f+] to prev5t x1 ! :ole city cons5t$ to x1 & ?us aid$ & abett$ x4 ,h[ _m hundr$s ( !m help$ to commit ! murd]s1 ) _! own h&s1 does n appe>1 b n "o ( !m has be5 indict$ = x1 & no "o made ! lea/ ef=t to br+ !m to trial4 ,?us1 up to ! pres5t h\r1 ! blood ( ^? murd]$ m5 re/s on t :ole city1 & x w cont9ue to be a ,,city ,,( ,,murd]]s1 s long z its citiz5s1 agree toge!r to %ield ^? felons f puni%m5t2 & !y d ?us agree toge!r s long z !y enc\rage ea* o!r 9 refus+ to br+ !m to ju/ice4 ,n[1 ! laws ( ,mississippi 7 n 9 fault t ^? m5 7 murd]$2 nor are !y n[ 9 fault1 t _! murd]]s are n puni%$2 ! laws dem& x1 b ! p ( ,mississippi1 ! legal (fic]s1 ! gr& juries & legislature ( ! /ate1 ) "o cons5t agree1 t ! law %all be a dead lett]1 & ?us ! :ole /ate assumes ! guilt ( ^? murd]s1 & 9 bravado1 fl\ri%es h] reek+ h&s 9 ! face ( ! _w4#cd ,footnote #cd3 ,we h j le>n$ f ,mississippi pap]s1 t ! citiz5s ( ,vicksburg are erect+ a public monum5t 9 honor ( ,dr4 ,h4,s4 ,bodley1 :o 0 ! r+-lead] ( ! ,lyn*]s 9 _! attack ^u ! mis]able victims4 ,to give ! crime ! cold enc\ragem5t ( impunity alone1 or su* slight tok5s ( favor z a home & a sanctu>y1 is b5ea? ! *ivalry & hospitality ( ,mississippians2 s !y t5d] x inc5se1 an alt>1 & a cr[n ( glory4 ,let ! m>ble rise till x be se5 f af>1 a beacon m>k+ ! spot :]e law lies lifeless by ! h& ( felons2 & murd]]s1 ) *aplets on _! heads1 dance & %\t ^u its grave1 :ile 'all ! p say1 am54' ,! lett] ( ! law on ! /atute book is "o ?+1 ! practice ( ! community "u t law (t5 a totally diff]5t ?+4 ,ea* ( ! slave /ates has laws provid+ t ! life ( no :ite man %all be tak5 )\t 8 hav+ fir/ be5 indict$ by a gr& jury1 all[$ an imp>tial trial by a petit jury1 ) ! "r ( c\nsel1 cross-exam9ation ( witnesses1 c42 b :o does n "k t if ,,ar?ur ,,tappan 7 po9t$ out 9 ! /reets ( ,new ,orleans1 ,mobile1 ,savannah1 ,*>le/on1 ,nat*ez1 or ,/4 ,l\is1 he w\ld be torn 9 pieces by ! citiz5s ) "o accord1 & t if any "o %\ld attempt to br+ 8 murd]]s to puni%m5t1 he w\ld be torn 9 pieces also4 ,! editors ( s\!rn newspap]s op5ly vaunt1 t e abolitioni/ :o sets foot 9 _! soil1 %all1 if he be discov]$1 be hung at once1 )\t judge or jury4 ,:at mock]y to quote ! lett] ( ! law 9 ^? /ates1 to %[ t abolitioni/s w\ld h secur$ to !m ! legal protection ( an imp>tial trial6 ,be=e ! objector c make out 8 case1 t ! life ( ! slave is protect$ by ! law1 he mu/ n only %[ t ! words ( ! law grant him su* protection1 b t su* a /ate ( public s5tim5t exi/s z w c>ry out ! provisions ( ! law 9 _! true _s4 ,any ?+ %ort ( ?is w be set d[n z m]e prat+ by e man ( common s5se4 ,x has be5 already abundantly %[n 9 ! prec$+ pages1 t ! public s5tim5t ( ! slavehold+ /ates t[>d ! slaves is diabolical4 ,n[1 if !re 7 laws 9 ^? /ates1 ! words ( :i* grant$ to ! life ( ! slave ! same protection grant$ to t ( ! ma/]1 :at w\ld !y avail8 ,,acts con/itute protection2 & is t public s5tim5t :i* makes ! slave 'prop]ty1' & p]petrates h\rly robb]y & batt]ies ^u him1 s p5etrat$ ) a s5se ( ! sacr$ness ( 8 "r to life1 t x w protect x at all haz>ds1 & drag to ! gall[s 8 ,,own]1 if he take ! life ( 8 own prop]ty8 ,if x be ask$1 :y ! p5alty = kill+ a slave is n a m]e f9e !n1 if 8 life is n really reg>d$ z sacr$ by public s5tim5t--we answ]1 t =m]ly 9 mo/1 if n 9 all ! slave /ates1 ! murd] ( a slave 0 puni%$ by a m]e f9e4 ,?is 0 ! case 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a till a few ye>s s9ce4 ,yes1 z late z #ahba1 9 ! /ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :i* boa/s ( its *ivalry & honor1 at lea/ z l\dly z any /ate 9 ! ,union1 a slavehold] might but*] 8 slave 9 ! mo/ delib]ate mann]--) ! mo/ b>b>\s & protract$ torm5ts1 & yet n be subject$ to a s+le h\r's imprisonm5t--pay 8 f9e1 /ride out ( ! c\rt & kill ano!r--pay 8 f9e aga9 & but*] ano!r1 & s long z he paid to ! /ate1 ca% d[n1 its own assessm5t ( damages1 )\t putt+ x to ! tr\ble ( prosecut+ = x1 he might /rut 'a g5tleman4'--,see #b ,brev>d's ,dige/1 #bda4 ,! reason assign$ by ! legislature = enact+ a law :i* puni%$ ! wilful murd] ( a human be+ by a f9e1 0 t ',,cruelty is ,,highly ,,unbecom+1' & ',,odi\s4' ,x 0 d\btless ! same reason t induc$ ! legislature 9 #ahba1 to make a %[ ( giv+ m protection to ! life ( ! slave4 ,_! fa!rs1 :5 !y gave "s protection1 did x because ! "t _h come :51 n to d x w\ld make !m ',,odi\s1' ,s ! legislature ( #ahba made a %[ ( giv+ /ill great] protection1 because1 n to d x w\ld make !m 'odi\s4' ,fitly did !y we> ! mantles ( _! asc5d+ fa!rs6 ,9 giv+ to ! life ( a slave ! mis]able protection ( a f9e1 _! fa!rs did n ev5 pret5d to d x out ( any reg>d to ! sacr$ness ( 8 life z a human be+1 b m]ely because cruelty is 'unbecom+' & 'odi\s4' ,! legislature ( #ahba nom9ally increas$ ?is protection2 n t !y c>$ m = ! slave's rights1 or = ! inviolabity ( 8 life z a human be+1 b ! civiliz$ _w _h advanc$ s9ce ! date ( ! fir/ law4 ,! slave-trade :i* 0 !n honorable m]*&ise1 & pli$ by lords1 gov]nors1 judges1 & doctors ( div9ity1 rais+ !m to imm5se weal?1 _h gr[n 'unbecom+1' & only rais$ its vot>ies by a rope to ! y>d arm2 besides ?is1 ! b>b>ity ( ! slave codes ?r\gh\t ! _w 0 fa/ becom+ 'odi\s' to civiliz$ nations1 & slavehold]s f\nd t ! only conditions on :i* !y c\ld prev5t !mselves f be+ ?ru/ out ( ! pale ( civilization1 0 to meliorate ! iron rigor ( _! slave code1 & ?us seem to secure to _! slaves "s protection4 ,fur!r1 ! nor!rn /ates _h pass$ laws = ! abolition ( slav]y--all ! ,s\? ,am]ican /ates 7 act+ 9 ! matt]2 & ,colombia & ,*ili pass$ acts ( abolition t v ye>4 ,9 addition to all ?is ! ,miss\ri "q _h be5 = two ye>s previ\s "u discussion 9 ,congress1 9 ,/ate legislatures1 & 9 e village & /age coa*2 & ?is law ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a _h be5 held up to execration by nor!rn memb]s ( ,congress1 & 9 newspap]s ?r\gh\t ! free /ates--9 a ^w1 ! legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a f\nd t !y 7 becom+ 'odi\s2' & :ile 9 _! s5se ( ju/ice & humanity !y did n surpass _! fa!rs1 !y w9c$ ) equal s5sitiv5ess "u ! /+ ( ! _w's scorn1 & ) equal promptitude su$ = a truce by modify+ ! law4 ,! legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a modifi$ ano!r law at ! same session4 ,previ\sly1 ! kill+ ( a slave 'on a sudd5 heat or passion1 or by undue correction1' 0 puni%$ by a f9e ( ?ree hundr$ & fifty p\nds4 ,9 #ahba an act 0 pass$ dim9i%+ ! f9e to five hundr$ doll>s1 b au?oriz+ an imprisonm5t 'n exce$+ six mon?s4' ,j be=e ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 ! ,legislature ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a pass$ a law mak+ imprisonm5t ! p5alty = ! wilful & malici\s murd] ( a slave4 ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s aft] ! revolution1 ! /ate f\nd itself becom+ 'odi\s1' z ! _s ( abolition 0 p]vad+ ! nations4 ,! legislature1 p]ceiv+ t ,*ri/5dom w\ld be=e long rank !m ) b>b>ians if !y s *eap5$ human life1 repeal$ ! law1 c&idly assign+ 9 ! preamble ( ! new "o ! reason = repeal+ ! old--t x 0 ',,disgraceful' & ',,degrad+6 ,z ?is preamble expressly recognizes ! slave z 'a human creature1' & z x is c\*$ 9 a phraseology :i* indicates "s s5se ( ju/ice1 we w\ld gladly give ! legislature cr$it = s9c]ity1 & believe !m really t\*$ ) humane mov+s t[>ds ! slave1 7 x n = a proviso 9 ! law cle>ly reveal+ t ! %[ ( humanity & reg>d = _! rights1 indicat$ by ! words1 is no?+ m ?an a holl[ pret5ce--hypocritical fl\ri% to produce an impression favorable to _! ju/ice & magnanimity4 ,aft] decl>+ t he :o is 'guilty ( wilfully & malici\sly kill+ a slave1 %all suff] ! same puni%m5t z if he _h kill$ a freeman2' ! act concludes ?us3 ',provid$1 always1 ?is act %all n ext5d to ! p]son kill+ a slave outlaw$ by virtue ( any act ( ,assembly ( ?is /ate2 or to any slave 9 ! act ( resi/ance to 8 lawful ov]se]1 or ma/]1 or to any slave dy+ "u mod]ate correction4' ,read]1 look at ?is proviso4 #a4 ,x gives free lic5se to all p]sons to kill outlaw$ slaves4 ,well1 :at is an outlaw$ slave8 ,a slave :o runs away1 lurks 9 swamps1 c41 & kills a hog or any o!r dome/ic animal to keep himself f />v+1 is subject to a proclamation ( outlawry2 7,haywood's ,manual1 #eba17 & !n :oev] f9ds him may %oot him1 te> him 9 pieces ) dogs1 burn him to dea? ov] a sl[ fire1 or kill him by any o!r tortures4 #b4 ,! proviso grants full lic5se to a ma/] to kill 8 slave1 if ! slave resi/ him4 ,! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,b5* has decid$ t ?is law contemplates n only actual resi/ance to puni%m5t1 c41 b also (f]+ to resi/4 7,/r\d's ,sket*1 #cg47 ,if1 = example1 a slave und]go+ ! process ( br&+ %\ld resi/ by pu%+ aside ! burn+ /amp2 or if wr\ght up to fr5zy by ! torture ( ! la%1 he %\ld cat* & hold x fa/2 or if he break loose f 8 ma/] & run1 refus+ to /op at 8 comm&2 or if he refuse to be flogg$2 or /ruggle to keep 8 clo!s on :ile 8 ma/] is try+ to /rip him2 if1 9 ^!1 or any "o ( a hundr$ o!r ways he resi/1 or (f]1 or ?reat5 to resi/ ! infliction2 or1 if ! ma/] attempt ! violation ( ! slave's wife1 & ! husb& resi/ 8 attempts )\t ! lea/ ef=t to injure him1 b m]ely to %ield 8 wife f 8 assaults1 ?is law does n m]ely p]mit1 b x au?orizes ! ma/] to murd] ! slave on ! spot4 ,! brutality ( ^! two provisos br&s its au?ors z b>b>ians4 ,b ! ?ird cause ( exemption c\ld n be outdone by ! legislation ( fi5ds4 ',,dy+ "u ,,mod]ate correction6' ,,mod]ate correction & ,,dea?--cause & effect6 ',provid$ ,,always1' says ! law1 '?is act %all n ext5d to any slave dy+ "u mod]ate correction6' ,"h is a =mal proclamation ( impunity to murd]--an express pl$ge ( acquittal to all slavehold]s :o wi% to murd] _! slaves1 a legal absolution--an indulg5ce grant$ be=e ! commission ( ! crime6 ,look at ! phraseology4 ,no?+ is said ( maim+s1 dismemb]m5ts1 skull fractures1 ( sev]e bruis+s1 or lac]ations1 or ev5 ( flogg+s2 b a ^w is us$ ! common-p>lance import ( :i* is1 slight *a/isem5t2 x is n ev5 :ipp+1 b 'correction' ,& z if hypocrisy & malignity 7 on ! rack to outwit ea* o!r1 ev5 t weak ^w mu/ be /ill f>!r dilut$2 s 'mod]ate' is add$3 &1 to cr[n ! climax1 comp\nd$ ( absurdity1 hypocrisy1 & cold-blood$ murd]1 ! legal def9ition ( 'mod]ate correction' is cov]tly giv52 :i* is1 any puni%m5t t ,,kills ! victim4 ,all inflictions are ei!r mod]ate or immod]ate2 & ! design ( ?is law 0 manife/ly to %ield ! murd]] f conviction1 by c>ry+ on its face ! rule = its own int]pretation2 ?us adv]tis+1 be=eh&1 c\rts & juries1 t ! fact ( any infliction produc+ dea?1 0 no evid5ce t x 0 immod]ate1 & t beat+ a man to dea? came )9 ! legal mean+ ( 'mod]ate correction6' ,! design ( ! legislature ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a 9 fram+ ?is law is manife/2 x 0 to produce ! impression ^u ! _w1 t !y _h s high a s5se ( ju/ice z volunt>ily to grant adequate protection to ! lives ( _! slaves4 ,?is is o/5tati\sly set =? 9 ! preamble1 & 9 ! body ( ! law4 ,t ?is 0 ! mo/ despicable hypocrisy1 & t !y _h pr$et]m9$ to grant no su* protection1 not)/&+ ! pa9s tak5 to get ! cr$it ( x1 is fully reveal$ by ! proviso1 :i* 0 fram$ 9 su* a way z to nullify ! law1 = ! express accommodation ( slavehold+ g5tlem5 murd]+ _! slaves4 ,all su* f9d 9 ?is proviso a conv5i5t accomplice be=e ! fact1 & a pack$ jury1 ) a ready-made v]dict ( 'n guilty1' bo? gratuit\sly furni%$ by ! gov]nm5t6 ,! prec$+ law & proviso are to be f\nd 9 ,haywood's ,manual1 #ecj2 also 9 ,laws ( ,t5nessee1 ,act ( ,octob] #bc1 #agia2 & 9 ,/r\d's ,sket*1 #cg4 ,en\gh has be5 said already to %[1 t ?\gh ! laws ( ! slave /ates pr(ess to grant adequate protection to ! life ( ! slave1 su* pr(essions are m]e empty pret5ce1 no su* protection be+ 9 reality af=d$ by !m4 ,b !re is /ill ano!r fact1 %[+ t all laws :i* pr(ess to protect ! slaves f injury by ! :ites are a mock]y4 ,x is ?is--t ! te/imony1 nei!r ( a slave nor ( a free color$ p]son1 is legal te/imony aga9/ a :ite4 ,to ?is rule !re is no exception 9 any ( ! slave /ates3 & ?is1 7 !re no o!r evid5ce1 w\ld be suffici5t to /amp1 z hypocritical1 all ! provisions ( ! codes :i* pr(ess to protect ! slaves4 ,pr(ess+ to grant protection1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 x /rips !m ( ! only means by :i* !y c make t protection available6 ,injuries mu/ be legally prov$ be=e !y c be legally r$ress$3 to deprive m5 ( ! p[] ( prov+ _! injuries1 is itself ! greate/ ( all injuries2 = x n only exposes to all1 b invites !m1 by a virtual gu>antee ( impunity1 & is ?us ! au?or ( all injuries4 ,x matt]s n :at o!r laws exi/1 pr(ess+ to ?r[ safegu>ds r\nd ! slave--?is makes !m blank pap]4 ,h[ c a slave prove outrages p]petrat$ ^u him by 8 ma/] or ov]se]1 :5 8 own te/imony & t ( all 8 fell[-slaves1 8 k9dr$1 associates1 & acqua9tances1 is rul$ out ( c\rt8 & :5 he is entirely 9 ! p[] ( ^? :o injure him1 & :5 ! only c>e necess>y1 on _! "p1 is1 to see t no :ite witness is look+ on4 ,ord9>ily1 b "o :ite man1 ! ov]se]1 is ) ! slaves :ile !y are at labor2 inde$1 on mo/ plantations1 to commit an outrage 9 ! pres5ce ( a :ite witness w\ld be m difficult ?an 9 _! abs5ce4 ,he :o wi%$ to commit an illegal act ^u a slave1 in/ead ( be+ oblig$ to take pa9s & wat* = an opportunity to d x unobs]v$ by a :ite1 w\ld f9d x difficult to d x 9 ! pres5ce ( a :ite if he wi%$ to d s4 ,! supreme c\rt ( ,l\isiana1 9 _! decision1 9 ! case ( ,craw=d vs4 ,*]ry17#ae1 ,m>t9's ,la4 ,rep4 #aab2 also ,law ( ,slav]y1 #bdi17 :]e ! def5dant 0 su$ = ! value ( a slave :om he _h %ot & kill$1 say1 ,! act *>g$ "h1 is "o r>ely committ$ 9 ! pres5ce ( witnesses1 7:ites74 ,s 9 ! case ( ! ,/ate vs4 ,mann1 7,dev]eux1 ,n4,c4 ,rep4 #bfc2 & ,law ( ,slav]y1 #bdg27 9 :i* ! def5dant 0 *>g$ ) %oot+ a slave girl 'belong+' to ! pla9tiff2 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 _! decision1 speak+ ( ! provocations ( ! ma/] by ! slave1 & '! consequ5t wra? ( ! ma/]' prompt+ him to bloody v5geance1 add1 'a v5geance g5]ally practis$ ) impunity1 by reason ( its privacy4' ,laws exclud+ ! te/imony ( slaves & free color$ p]sons1 :]e a :ite is conc]n$1 d n exi/ 9 all ! slave /ates4 ,"o or two ( !m h no legal enactm5t on ! subject2 b1 9 ^?1 'public op9ion' acts ) ! =ce ( law1 & ! c\rts inv>iably reject x4 ,?is br+s u back to ! pot5cy ( t (t-quot$ 'public op9ion1' s ready1 accord+ to our objector1 to d battle = ! protection ( ! slave6 ,ano!r pro( t 'public op9ion1' 9 ! slave /ates1 plund]s1 tortures1 & murd]s ! slaves1 in/ead ( protect+ !m1 is f\nd 9 ! fact1 t ! laws ( slave /ates inflict capital puni%m5t on slaves = a v>iety ( crimes1 = :i*1 if _! ma/]s commit !m1 ! legal p5alty is m]ely imprisonm5t4 ,judge ,/r\d 9 8 ,sket* ( ! ,laws ( ,slav]y1 says1 t by ! laws ( ,virg9ia1 !re are 'sev5ty-"o crimes = :i* slaves are capitally puni%$ ?\gh 9 none ( ^! are :ites puni%$ 9 mann] m sev]e ?an by imprisonm5t 9 ! p5it5ti>y4' 7,p4 #ajg1 :]e ! read] w f9d all ! crimes enum]at$47 ,x %\ld be add$1 h[ev]1 t ?\gh ! p5alty = ea* ( ^! sev5ty-"o crimes is 'dea?1' yet a majority ( !m are1 9 ! words ( ! law1 'dea? )9 cl]gy2' & 9 ,virg9ia1 cl]gyable (f5ces1 ?\gh te*nically capital1 are n s 9 fact4 ,9 ,mississippi1 slaves are puni%$ capitally = m ?an ?irty crimes1 = :i* :ites are puni%$ only by f9e or imprisonm5t1 or bo?4 ,eight ( ^! are n recogniz$ z crimes1 ei!r by common law or by /atute1 :5 committ$ by :ites4 ,9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a slaves are puni%$ capitally = n9e m crimes ?an ! :ites--9 ,georgia1 = six--& 9 ,k5tucky1 = sev5 m ?an :ites1 c4 ,we surely ne$ n deta9 ! read] by comm5ts on ?is mon/r\s inequality ) :i* ! p5al codes ( slave /ates treat slaves & _! ma/]s4 ,:5 we consid] t guilt is 9 proportion to intellig5ce1 & t ^! ma/]s h by law doom$ _! slaves to ignorance1 & !n1 z !y d>kle & grope along _! bl9d way1 inflict p5alties ^u !m = a v>iety ( acts reg>d$ z praise wor?y 9 :ites2 kill+ !m = crimes1 :5 :ites are only f9$ or imprison$--to call su* a 'public op9ion' inhuman1 savage1 murd]\s1 diabolical1 w\ld be to use tame words1 if ! ,engli% vocabul>y c\ld supply o!rs ( m horrible import4 ,b slavehold+ brutality does n /op "h4 ,:ile puni%+ ! slaves = crimes ) va/ly great] sev]ity ?an x does _! ma/]s = ! same crimes1 & mak+ a v>iety ( acts crimes 9 law1 :i* are "r1 & (t5 duties1 x p]si/s 9 refus+ to make kn[n to ! slaves t complicat$ & b>b>\s p5al code :i* loads !m ) su* fe>ful liabilities4 ,! slave is left to get a k ( ^! laws z he c1 & cases mu/ be ( con/ant occurr5ce at ! s\?1 9 :i* slaves get _! fir/ k ( ! exi/5ce ( a law by suff]+ its p5alty4 ,inde$1 ?is is probably ! way 9 :i* !y commonly le>n :at ! laws are2 = h[ else c ! slave get a k ( ! laws8 ,he _c read--he _c le>n to read2 if he try to ma/] ! alphabet1 s t he may spell out ! words ( ! law1 & ?us avoid its p5alties1 ! law %akes its t]rors at him2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 ^? :o made ! laws refuse to make !m kn[n to ^? = :om !y are design$4 ,! memory ( ,caligula w black5 ) execration :ile "t la/s1 because be hung up 8 laws s high t p c\ld n read !m1 & !n puni%$ !m because !y did n keep !m4 ,our slavehold]s aspire to black] infamy4 ,caligula 0 cont5t ) hang+ up 8 laws :]e 8 subjects c\ld see !m2 & if !y c\ld n read !m1 !y knew :]e !y 71 & might get at !m1 if1 9 _! zeal to le>n 8 w1 !y _h us$ ! same means to get up to !m t ^? did :o hung !m !re4 ,ev5 ,caligula1 wret* z he 01 w\ld h %udd]$ at cutt+ _! legs (f1 to prev5t _! climb+ to !m2 or1 if !y _h got !re1 at bor+ _! eyes out1 to prev5t _! read+ !m4 ,our slavehold]s virtually d bo?2 = !y prohibit _! slaves acquir+ t k ( lett]s :i* w\ld enable !m to read ! laws2 & if1 by /eal?1 !y get x 9 spite ( !m1 !y prohibit !m books & pap]s1 & flog !m if !y are caught at !m4 ,fur!r--,caligula m]ely hung 8 laws s high t !y c\ld n be read--our slavehold]s h hung !irs s high above ! slave t !y _c be se5--!y are utt]ly out ( sight1 & he f9ds out t !y are !re only by ! fall+ ( ! p5alties on 8 head4#ce ,?us ! public op9ion ( slave /ates protects ! def5celess slave by arm+ a ho/ ( legal p5alties & sett+ !m 9 ambu% at e ?icket along 8 pa?1 to spr+ ^u him unaw>es4 ,footnote #ce3 ,! foll[+ extract f ! ,alex&ria 7,d4,c47 ,gazette is all illu/ration4 ,,crim9als ,,condemn$4--,on ,monday la/ ! ,c\rt ( ! bor\gh ( ,norfolk1 ,va4 sat on ! trial ( f\r negro boys arraign$ = burgl>y4 ,! fir/ indictm5t *>g$ !m ) break+ into ! h>dw>e /ore ( ,mr4 ,e4,p4 ,tabb1 ^u :i* two ( !m 7 f\nd guilty by ! ,c\rt1 & condemn$ to suff] ! p5alty ( ! law1 :i*1 9 ! case ( a slave1 is dea?4 ,! second ,friday 9 ,april is appo9t$ = ! execution ( _! awful s5t5ce4 ,_! ages d n exce$ sixte54 ,! fir/1 a f9e active boy1 belongs to a wid[ lady 9 ,alex&ria2 ! latt]1 a h\se s]vant1 is own$ by a g5tleman 9 ! bor\gh4 ,! value ( "o 0 fix$ at #ajjj1 & ! o!r at #hjj2 :i* sums are to be re-imburs$ to _! respective own]s out ( ! /ate treasury4 ,9 all probability ^! poor boys1 :o are to be hung = /eal+1 nev] dream$ t dea? 0 ! legal p5alty ( ! crime4 ,"h is ano!r1 f ! ,new ,orleans ,bee ( ---- #ad1 #ahcg--,! slave :o ,,/ruck "s citiz5s 9 ,canal /reet1 "s weeks s9ce1 has be5 tri$ & f\nd guilty1 & is s5t5c$ to be ,,hung on ! #bd?4 ,/r\d1 9 8 ,sket* ( ! ,laws ( ,slav]y1 page #ajj1 ?us comm5ts on ?is mon/r\s b>b>ity4 ,! h>d5$ convict moves _! sympa?y1 & is to be taught ! laws be=e he is expect$ to obey !m2#cf yet ! guiltless slave is subject$ to an ext5sive sy/em ( cruel enactm5ts1 ( no "p ( :i*1 probably1 has he ev] he>d4 ,footnote #cf3 ,x %all be ! duty ( ! keep] ( ! p5it5ti>y on ! receipt ( ea* prison]1 to read to him or h] su* p>ts ( ! p5al laws ( ?is /ate z impose p5alties = escape1 & to make all ! prison]s 9 ! p5it5ti>y acqua9t$ ) ! same4 ,x %all also be 8 duty1 on ! dis*>ge ( su* prison]1 to read to him or h] su* p>ts ( ! laws z impose additional puni%m5ts = ! repetition ( (f5ces4--,rule #ab?1 = ! int]nal gov]nm5t ( ! ,p5it5ti>y ( ,georgia4 ,sec4 #bf ( ! ,p5it5ti>y ,act ( #ahaf4--,pr9ce's ,dige/1 #chf4 ,hav+ already drawn s l>gely on ! read]'s pati5ce1 9 illu/rat+ s\!rn 'public op9ion' by ! slave laws1 in/ead ( additional illu/rations ( ! same po9t f ano!r class ( ^? laws1 z 0 our design1 we w gr\p toge!r a few p>ticul>s1 :i* ! read] c take 9 at a glance1 %[+ t ! public op9ion ( slavehold]s t[>ds _! slaves1 :i* exi/s at ! s\?1 9 ! =m ( law1 tramples on all ^? fundam5tal pr9ciples ( "r1 ju/ice1 & equity1 :i* are recogniz$ z sacr$ by all civiliz$ nations1 & receive ! homage ev5 ( b>b>ians4 #a4 ,"o ( ^! pr9ciples is1 t ! b5efits ( law to ! subject %\ld ov]balance its burd5s--its protection m ?an comp5sate = its re/ra9ts & exactions--& its bless+s altoge!r outweigh its inconv5i5ces & evils--! =m] be+ num]\s1 positive1 & p]man5t1 ! latt] few1 negative1 & incid5tal4 ,totally ! rev]se ( all ?is is true 9 ! case ( ! slave4 ,law is to him all exaction & no protection3 in/ead ( light5+ 8 natural burd5s1 x cru%es him "u a multitude ( artificial ones2 in/ead ( a fri5d to succor him1 x is 8 deadlie/ foe1 transfix+ him at e /ep f ! cradle to ! grave4 ,law has be5 beautifully def9$ to be b5evol5ce act+ by rule2 to ! ,am]ican slave x is malevol5ce tortur+ by sy/em4 ,x is an old tru?1 t responsibility increases ) capacity2 b ^? same laws :i* make ! slave a *attel1 require ( him m ?an ( m54 ,! same law :i* makes him a ?+ incapable ( obligation1 loads him ) obligations sup]human--:ile s9k+ him bel[ ! level ( a brute 9 disp5s+ its b5efits1 he lays ^u him burd5s :i* w\ld break d[n an angel4 #b4 ,innoc5ce is entitl$ to ! protection ( law4 ,slavehold]s make innoc5ce free plund]2 ?is is _! daily employm5t2 _! laws assail x1 make x _! victim1 inflict ^u x all1 &1 9 "s respects1 m ?an all ! p5alties ( ! greate/ guilt4 ,to o!r innoc5t p]sons1 law is a bless+1 to ! slave x is a curse1 only a curse & t cont9ually4 #c4 ,deprivation ( lib]ty is "o ( ! highe/ puni%m5ts ( crime2 & 9 proportion to its ju/ice :5 inflict$ on ! guilty1 is its inju/ice :5 inflict$ on ! innoc5t2 ?is t]rible p5alty is inflict$ on two million sev5 hundr$ ?\s&1 innoc5t p]sons 9 ! ,s\!rn /ates4 #d4 ,self-pres]vation & self-def5ce1 are univ]sally reg>d$ z ! mo/ sacr$ ( human rights1 yet ! laws ( slave /ates puni% ! slave ) dea? = ex]cis+ ^! rights 9 t way1 :i* 9 o!rs is pron\nc$ wor?y ( ! highe/ praise4 #e4 ,! safegu>ds ( law are mo/ ne$$ :]e natural safe-gu>ds are weake/4 ,e pr9ciple ( ju/ice & equity requires1 t1 ^? :o are totally unprotect$ by bir?1 /ation1 weal?1 fri5ds1 influ5ce1 & popul> favor1 & especially ^? :o are ! innoc5t objects ( public contempt & prejudice1 %\ld be m vigilantly protect$ by law1 ?an ^? :o are s =tifi$ by def5ce1 t !y h f> less ne$ ( legal protection2 yet ! poor slave :o is =tifi$ by none ( ^! p]sonal bulw>ks1 is d5i$ ! protection ( law1 :ile ! ma/]1 surr\nd$ by !m all1 is panopli$ 9 ! mail ( legal protection1 ev5 to ! hair ( 8 head2 yea1 8 v %oe-tie & coat-button are legal protegees4 #f4 ,! gr& object ( law is to protect m5's natural rights1 b in/ead ( protect+ ! natural rights ( ! slaves1 x gives slavehold]s lic5se to wre/ !m f ! weak by viol5ce1 protects !m 9 hold+ _! plund]1 & kills ! rightful own] if he attempt to recov] x4 ,?is is ! protection ?r[n ar\nd ! rights ( ,am]ican slaves by ! 'public op9ion1' ( slavehold]s2 ^! ! re/ra9ts t hold back _! ma/]s1 ov]se]s1 & driv]s1 f inflict+ injuries ^u !m6 ,9 a ,republican gov]nm5t1 law is ! pulse ( its he>t--z ! he>t beats ! pulse beats1 except t x (t5 beats weak] ?an ! he>t1 nev] /rong]--or to drop ! figure1 laws are nev] worse ?an ^? :o make !m1 v (t5 bett]4 ,if human hi/ory proves any?+1 cruelty ( practice w always g beyond cruelty ( law4 ,law-mak+ is a =mal1 delib]ate act1 p]=m$ by p]sons ( mature age1 embody+ ! intellig5ce1 wisdom1 ju/ice & humanity1 ( ! community2 p]=m$1 too1 at leisure1 aft] full opportunity _h = a compreh5sive survey ( all ! relations to be affect$1 aft] c>eful inve/igation & protract$ discussion4 ,consequ5tly laws mu/1 9 ! ma91 be a true index ( ! p]man5t feel+s1 ! settl$ frame ( m9d1 *]i%$ by ! community ^u ^? subjects1 & t[>ds ^? p]sons & classes ^: condition ! laws are design$ to e/abli%4 ,if ! laws are 9 a high degree cruel & inhuman1 t[>ds any class ( p]sons1 x proves t ! feel+s habitually ex]cis$ t[>ds t class ( p]sons1 by ^? :o make & p]petuate ^? laws1 are at lea/ equally cruel & inhuman4 ,we say at lea/ equally s2 = if ! habitual /ate ( feel+ t[>ds t class be unm]ciful1 x mu/ be unspeakably cruel1 rel5tless & malignant :5 provok$2 if its ord9>y action is inhuman1 its contortions & spasms mu/ be trag$ies2 if ! waves run high :5 !re has be5 no w9d1 :]e w !y n break :5 ! tempe/ heaves !m6 ,fur!r1 :5 cruelty is ! _s ( ! law t[>ds a proscrib$ class1 :5 x legalizes great outrages ^u !m1 x connives at1 & abets great] outrages1 & is virtually an accomplice ( all :o p]petrate !m4 ,h5ce1 9 su* cases1 ?\gh ! degree ( ! outrage is illegal1 ! p]petrator w r>ely be convict$1 &1 ev5 if convict$1 w be almo/ sure to escape puni%m5t4 ,?is is n !ory b hi/ory4 ,e judge & lawy] 9 ! slave /ates kn[s1 t ! legal conviction & puni%m5t ( ma/]s & mi/resses1 = illegal outrages ^u _! slaves1 is an ev5t :i* has r>ely1 if ev]1 occurr$ 9 ! slave /ates2 !y "k1 also1 t al?\gh hundr$s ( slaves h be5 murd]$ by _! ma/]s & mi/resses 9 ! slave /ates1 )9 ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 & ?\gh ! fact ( _! hav+ committ$ ^? murd]s has be5 e/abli%$ beyond a d\bt 9 ! m9ds ( ! surr\nd+ community1 yet t ! murd]]s h n1 9 a s+le in/ance1 suff]$ ! p5alty ( ! law4 ,f9ally1 s9ce slavehold]s h delib]ately legaliz$ ! p]petration ( ! mo/ cold-blood$ atrocities ^u _! slaves1 & d p]t9aci\sly refuse to make ^! atrocities illegal1 & to puni% ^? :o p]petrate !m1 !y /& convict$ be=e ! _w1 ^u _! own te/imony1 ( ! mo/ b>b>\s1 brutal1 & habitual inhumanity4 ,if ?is be sl&] & falsehood1 _! own lips h utt]$ x1 _! own f+]s h writt5 x1 _! own acts h proclaim$ x2 & h[ev] x may be ) _! morality1 !y h too mu* human nature to p]jure !mselves = ! sake ( publi%+ _! own infamy4 ,hav+ dwelt at su* l5g? on ! legal code ( ! slave /ates1 t un]r+ index ( ! public op9ion ( slavehold]s t[>ds _! slaves2 & hav+ %[n t x does n protect ! slaves f cruelty1 & t ev5 9 ! few in/ances 9 :i* ! lett] ( ! law1 if execut$1 w\ld af=d "s protection1 x is virtually nullifi$ by ! connivance ( c\rts & juries1 or by popul> clamor2 we might safely re/ ! case "h1 assur$ t e hone/ read] w\ld spurn ! absurd falsehood1 t ! 'public op9ion' ( ! slave /ates protects ! slaves & re/ra9s ! ma/]4 ,b1 z ! ass]tion is made s (t5 by slavehold]s1 & ) s mu* confid5ce1 not)/&+ its absurdity is fully reveal$ by _! own legal code1 we propose to %[ its falsehood by apply+ o!r te/s4 ,we lay x d[n z a tru? t c be made no pla9] by reason+1 t ! same 'public op9ion1' :i* re/ra9s m5 f committ+ outrages1 w re/ra9 !m f publi%+ su* outrages1 if !y d commit !m2--9 o!r words1 if a man is re/ra9$ f c]ta9 acts ?r\gh fe> ( los+ 8 "*1 %\ld !y become kn[n1 he w n volunt>ily de/roy 8 "* by mak+ !m kn[n1 %\ld he be guilty ( !m4 ,let u look at ?is4 ,x is assum$ by slavehold]s1 t 'public op9ion' at ! s\? s fr[ns on cruelty to ! slaves1 t fe> ( disgrace w\ld re/ra9 f ! infliction ( x1 7 !re no o!r consid]ation4 ,n[1 t ?is is %e] fiction is %[n by ! fact1 t ! newspap]s 9 ! slavehold+ /ates1 teem ) adv]tisem5ts = runaway slaves1 9 :i* ! ma/]s & mi/resses describe _! m5 & wom51 z hav+ be5 'br&$ ) a hot iron1' on _! '*eeks1' 'jaws1' 'brea/s1' 'arms1' 'legs1' & '?ighs2' also z 'sc>r$1' 'v mu* sc>r$1' 'cut up1' 'm>k$1' c4 ') ! :ip1' also ) 'iron coll>s on1' '*a9s1' 'b>s ( iron1' 'fett]s1' 'bells1' 'horns1' '%ackles1' c4 ,!y1 also1 describe !m z hav+ be5 w\nd$ by 'buck-%ot1' 'rifle-balls1' c4 fir$ at !m by _! 'own]s1' & o!rs :5 9 pursuit2 also1 z hav+ 'not*es1' cut 9 _! e>s1 ! tops or bottoms ( _! e>s 'cut (f1' or 'slit1' or '"o e> cut (f' or 'bo? e>s cut (f' c4 c4 ,! ma/]s & mi/resses :o ?us adv]tise _! runaway slaves1 coolly sign _! names to _! adv]tisem5ts1 giv+ ! /reet & numb] ( _! resid5ces1 if 9 cities1 _! po/ (fice address1 c4 if 9 ! c\ntry2 ?us mak+ public proclamation z widely z possible t !y 'br&1' 'sc>1' 'ga%1' 'cut up1' c4 ! fle% ( _! slaves2 load !m ) irons1 cut (f _! e>s1 c42 !y speak ( ^! ?+s ) ! utmo/ sang froid1 n seem+ to ?9k x possible1 t any "o w e/eem !m at all ! less because ( ^! outrages ^u _! slaves2 fur!r1 ^! adv]tisem5ts sw>m 9 _m ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ widely circulat$ political & comm]cial pap]s t are publi%$ 9 ! slave /ates4 ,! editors ( ^? pap]s con/itute ! ma9 body ( ! lit]ati ( ! slave /ates2 !y move 9 ! highe/ circle ( society1 are among ! 'popul>' m5 9 ! community1 & z a class1 are m influ5tial ?an any o!r2 yet ^! editors publi% ^! adv]tisem5ts ) iron indiff]5ce4 ,s f> f proclaim+ to su* felons1 homicides1 & murd]]s1 t !y w n be _! blood-h\nds1 to hunt d[n ! innoc5t & mutilat$ victims :o h escap$ f _! torture1 !y freely furni% !m ) e facility1 become _! accomplices & %>e _! spoils2 & in/ead ( outrag+ 'public op9ion1' by do+ x1 !y are ! m5 aft] its own he>t1 its organs1 its repres5tatives1 its self4 ,to %[ t ! 'public op9ion' ( ! slave /ates1 t[>ds ! slaves1 is absolutely diabolical1 we w ins]t a few1 out ( a multitude1 ( simil> adv]tisem5ts f a v>iety ( s\!rn pap]s n[ be=e u4 ,! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,/&>d1 ( ,july #ah1 #ahch1 conta9s ! foll[+3-- ,,tw5ty ,,doll>s ,,rew>d4 ,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 a negro woman & two *ildr52 ! woman is tall & black1 & a few days be=e %e w5t (f1 ,i ,,burnt ,,h] ,,) ,a ,,hot ,,iron ,,on ,,! ,,left ,,side ,,( ,,h] ,,face2 ,i ,,tri$ ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,lett] ,m1 & %e kept a clo? ov] h] head & face1 & a fly bonnet on h] head s z to cov] ! burn2 h] *ildr5 are bo? boys1 ! olde/ is 9 8 sev5? ye>2 he is a mulatto & has blue eyes2 ! y\nge/ is black & is 9 8 fif? ye>4 ,! woman's "n is ,betty1 commonly call$ ,bet4 ,,micajah ,,ricks4 ,na% ,c\nty1 ,july #g1 #ahch4 ,he> ! wret* tell 8 /ory1 ) z mu* indiff]5ce z if he 7 describ+ ! cutt+ ( 8 initials 9 ! b>k ( a tree4 ,i burnt h] ) a hot iron on ! left side ( h] face1--,i tri$ to make ! lett] ,m1 & ?is he says 9 a newspap]1 & puts 8 "n to x1 & ! editor ( ! pap] :o is1 also1 its proprietor1 publi%es x = him & pockets 8 fee4 ,p]haps ! read] w say1 ',oh1 x mu/ h be5 publi%$ 9 an insignificant %eet pr9t$ 9 "s obscure corn] ( ! /ate2 p]haps by a gang ( 'squatt]s1' 9 ! ,dismal ,swamp1 univ]sally reg>d$ z a pe/1 & edit$ by "s scape-gall[s1 :o is dete/$ by ! :ole community4' ,to ?is ,i reply t ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,/&>d1 ! pap] :i* conta9s x1 is a l>ge six column$ weekly pap]1 h&somely pr9t$ & ably edit$2 x is ! lead+ ,democratic pap] 9 t /ate1 & is publi%$ at ,raleigh1 ! ,capital ( ! /ate1 ,?omas ,lor+1 ,esq4 ,editor & ,proprietor4 ,! motto 9 capitals "u ! head ( ! pap] is1 ,,! ,,con/itution ,,& ,,! ,,union ,,( ,,! ,,/ates--,,!y ,,mu/ ,,be ,,pres]v$4 ,! same ,editor & ,proprietor1 :o exhibits su* brutality ( feel+ t[>ds ! slaves1 by giv+ ! prec$+ adv]tisem5t a conspicu\s place 9 8 columns1 & tak+ 8 pay = x1 has app>5tly a ke5 s5se ( ! proprieties ( life1 :]e :ites are conc]n$1 & a high reg>d = ! rights1 "* & feel+s ( ^? ^: sk9 is color$ l 8 own4 ,z pro( ( ?is1 we copy f ! numb] ( ! pap] conta9+ ! =ego+ adv]tisem5t1 ! foll[+ ,editorial on ! p5d+ political canvass4 ,we _c refra9 f express+ ! hope t ! ,gub]natorial canvass w be conduct$ ) a due reg>d to ! "*1 & feel+s ( ! di/+ui%$ individuals :o are c&idates = t (fice2 & t ! press ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a w set an example 9 ?is respect1 wor?y ( imitation & ( praise4 ,:at is ?is b *ivalr\s & honorable feel+8 ,! good "n ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a is de> to him--on ! com=t1 '"* & feel+s1' ( h] :ite citiz5s he sets a high value2 he feels too1 mo/ deeply = ! "* ( ! ,press ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 sees t x is a city set on a hill1 & implores 8 bre?r5 ( ! editorial corps to 'set an example' ( c\rtesy & magnanimity wor?y ( imitation & praise4 ,n[1 read]1 put all ^! ?+s toge!r & con !m ov]1 & !n read aga9 ! prec$+ adv]tisem5t conta9$ 9 ! same numb] ( ! pap]1 & y h ! true ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,,/&>d1 by :i* to measure ! protection ext5d$ to slaves by ! 'public op9ion' ( t /ate4 ,j4,p4 ,a%=d adv]tises z foll[s 9 ! ,nat*ez ,c\ri]1 ,augu/ #bd1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 a negro girl call$ ,m>y1 has a small sc> ov] h] eye1 a good _m tee? miss+1 ! lett] ,a4 is br&$ on h] *eek & =ehead4 ,a4,b4 ,metcalf ?us adv]tises a woman 9 ! same pap]1 ,june #ae1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 ,m>y1 a black woman1 has a sc> on h] back & "r arm ne> ! %\ld]1 caus$ by a rifle ball4 ,john ,h5d]son1 9 ! ,gr& ,gulf ,adv]tis]1 ,augu/ #bi1 #ahch1 adv]tises ,betsey4 ,ranaway1 a black woman ,betsey1 has an iron b> on h] "r leg4 ,rob]t ,nicoll1 ^: resid5ce is 9 ,mobile1 9 ,dauph9 /reet1 betwe5 ,emmanuel & ,conception /reets1 ?us adv]tises a woman 9 ! ,mobile ,comm]cial ,adv]tis]4 ,,t5 ,,doll>s ,,rew>d w be giv5 = my negro woman ,liby4 ,! said ,liby is ab\t #cj ye>s old & ,,v ,,mu* ,,sc>r$ ,,ab\t ,,! ,,neck ,,& ,,e>s1 occasion$ by :ipp+1 _h on a h&k]*ief ti$ r\nd h] e>s1 z %e ,,commonly we>s x to ,,hide ,,! ,,sc>s4 ,to %[ t slavehold+ brutality n[ is ! same t x 0 ! eigh? ( a c5tury ago1 we publi% ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t f ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,c\ri]1 ( #ahbe4 ,,tw5ty ,,doll>s ,,rew>d4--,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 on ! #ad? in/ant1 a negro girl nam$ ,molly4 ,! said girl 0 sold by ,messrs4 ,wm4 ,payne ,sons1 z ! prop]ty ( an e/ate ( a ,mr4 ,ge>rall1 & pur*as$ by a ,mr4 ,moses1 & sold by him to a ,?omas ,prisley1 ( ,edgefield ,di/rict1 ( :om ,i b\ght h] on ! #ag? ( ,april1 #ahai4 ,%e is #af or #ag ye>s ( age1 slim made1 ,,lately ,,br&$ ,,on ,,! ,,left ,,*eek1 ,,?us1 ,r1 ,,& ,a ,,piece ,,tak5 ,,(f ,,( ,,h] ,,e> ,,on ,,! ,,same ,,side2 ,,! ,,same ,,lett] ,,on ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,bo? ,,h] ,,legs4 ,,abn] ,,ross1 ,fairfield ,di/rict4 ,b in/ead ( fill+ pages ) simil> adv]tisem5ts1 illu/rat+ ! horrible brutality ( slavehold]s t[>ds _! slaves1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! prec$+ pages ( ?is "w1 to ! scores ( adv]tisem5ts writt5 by slavehold]s1 pr9t$ by slavehold]s1 publi%$ by slavehold]s1 9 newspap]s edit$ by slavehold]s & patroniz$ by slavehold]s2 adv]tisem5t describ+ n only m5 & boys1 b wom5 ag$ & middle-ag$1 matrons & girls ( t5d] ye>s1 _! necks *af$ ) iron coll>s ) prongs1 _! limbs gall$ ) iron r+s & *a9s1 & b>s ( iron1 iron hobbles & %ackles1 all p>ts ( _! p]sons sc>r$ ) ! la%1 & br&$ ) hot irons1 & torn ) rifle bullets1 pi/ol balls & buck %ot1 & ga%$ ) knives1 _! eyes out1 _! e>s cut (f1 _! tee? drawn out1 & _! bones brok54 ,he is ref]r$ also to ! cool & %ock+ indiff]5ce ) :i* ^! slavehold]s1 'g5tlem5' & 'ladies1' ,rev]5ds1 & ,honorables1 & ,excell5cies1 write & pr9t1 & publi% & pay1 & take money =1 & read & circulate1 & sanction1 su* inf]nal b>b>ity4 ,let ! read] pond] all ?is1 & !n lay x to he>t1 t ?is is t 'public op9ion' ( ! slavehold]s :i* protects _! slaves f all injury1 & is an effectual gu>antee ( p]sonal security4 ,h[ev] f> gone a community may be 9 brutality1 some?+ ( protection may yet be hop$ = f its 'public op9ion1' if respect = woman survive ! g5]al wreck2 t gone1 protection p]i%es2 public op9ion becomes univ]sal rap9e2 outrages1 once occasional1 become habitual2 ! torture1 :i* 0 be=e inflict$ only by passion1 becomes ! con/ant product ( a sy/em1 &1 in/ead ( be+ ! index ( sudd5 & fi]ce impulses1 is coolly pli$ z ! p]man5t means to an end4 ,:5 wom5 are br&$ ) hot irons on _! faces2 :5 iron coll>s1 ) prongs1 are rivet$ ab\t _! necks2 :5 iron r+s are fa/5$ ^u _! limbs1 & !y are =c$ to drag aft] !m *a9s & fett]s2 :5 _! fle% is torn ) :ips1 & mangl$ ) bullets & %ot1 & lac]at$ ) knives2 & :5 ^? :o d su* ?+s1 are reg>d$ 9 ! community1 & associat$ ) z 'g5tlem5' & 'ladies2' to say t ! 'public op9ion' ( su* a community is a protection to its victims1 is to blaspheme ,god1 ^: creatures !y are1 ca/ 9 8 own sacr$ image1 & de> to him z ! apple ( 8 eye4 ,b we are n yet q ready to dismiss ?is protector1 ',public ,op9ion4' ,to illu/rate ! h>d5$ brutality ) :i* slavehold]s reg>d _! slaves1 ! %ameless & app>5tly unconsci\s indec5cy ) :i* !y speak ( _! female slaves1 exam9e _! p]sons1 & describe !m1 "u _! own signatures1 9 newspap]s1 h&-bills1 c4 j z !y w\ld describe ! m>ks ( cattle & sw9e1 on all p>ts ( _! bodies2 we w make a few extracts f s\!rn pap]s4 ,read]1 z we proce$ to ^! extracts1 rememb] our motto--',true humanity consi/s n 9 a squeami% e>4' ,mr4 ,p4 ,,abdie1 ( ,new ,orleans1 adv]tises 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ( ,janu>y #bi1 #ahch1 = "o ( 8 female slaves1 z foll[s2 ,ranaway1 ! negro w5* nam$ ,betsey1 ag$ ab\t #bb ye>s1 h&some-fac$1 & good c\nt5ance2 hav+ ! m>ks ( ! :ip beh9d h] neck1 & ,,sev]al ,,o!rs ,,on ,,h] ,,rump4 ,! above rew>d1 7#aj17 w be giv5 to :oev] w br+ t w5* to ,p4 ,,abdie4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 9 :i* ! adv]tisem5t ( ?is ,v&al appe>s1 is ! ',(ficial ,gazette ( ! ,/ate--( ! ,g5]al ,c\ncil--& ( ! fir/ & ?ird ,municipalities ( ,new ,orleans4' ,x is ! l>ge/1 & ! mo/ influ5tial pap] 9 ! s\?-we/]n /ates1 & p]haps ! mo/ ably edit$--& has und\bt$ly a l>g] circulation ?an any o!r4 ,x is a daily pap]1 ( #ab a ye>1 & its circulation be+ ma9ly among ! l>g] m]*ants1 plant]s1 & pr(essional m51 x is a fair index ( ! 'public op9ion' ( ,l\isiana1 s f> z repres5t$ by ^? classes ( p]sons4 ,adv]tisem5ts equally gross1 indec5t1 & abom9able1 or ne>ly s1 c be f\nd 9 almo/ e numb] ( t pap]4 ,mr4 ,,william ,,rob9son1 ,georget[n1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 adv]tis$ = 8 slave 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c]1 ( ,wa%+ton ,city1 ,oct4 #b1 #ahcg1 z foll[s3 ,elop$ f my resid5ce a "y negress1 #bb ye>s old1 ( a *e/nut1 or br[n color4 ,%e has a v s+ul> m>k--?is m>k1 to ! be/ ( my ,,recollection1 cov]s a "p ( h] brea/s1 body1 & limbs2 & :5 h] neck & arms are uncov]$1 is v p]ceptible2 %e has be5 frequ5tly se5 ea/ & s\? ( ! ,capitol ,squ>e1 & is h>bor$ by ill-dispos$ p]sons1 ( e complexion1 = h] s]vices4 ,mr4 ,,john ,c4 ,,beasley1 ne> ,huntsville1 ,alabama1 ?us adv]tises a "y girl ( eighte51 9 ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 ( ,augu/ #a/1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway ,m>ia1 ab\t #ah ye>s old1 v f> advanc$ ) *ild4 ,he !n (f]s a rew>d to any "o :o w commit ?is "y girl1 9 ?is condition1 to jail4 ,mr4 ,,james ,t4 ,,de ,,j>nett1 ,v]non1 ,autauga co4 ,alabama1 ?us adv]tises a woman 9 ! ,p5sacola ,gazette1 ,july #ad1 #ahch4 ,celia is a bright copp]-color$ negress1 f9e figure & v sm>t4 ,on ,,exam9+ ,,h] ,,back1 y w f9d m>ks caus$ by ! :ip4 ,he closes ! adv]tisem5t1 by (f]+ a rew>d ( five hundr$ doll>s to any p]son :o w lodge h] 9 jail1 s t he c get h]4 ,a p]son :o lives at #abd ,*>tres /reet1 ,new ,orleans1 adv]tises 9 ! ',bee1' ( ,may #ca1 = ! negress ,pati5ce1 ab\t #bh ye>s old1 has l>ge hips1 & is b[-legg$4 ,a ,mr4 ,t4 ,,cuggy1 9 ! same pap]1 ?us describes ! negress ,c>ol9e4 ,%e has awkw>d feet1 clumsy ankles1 turns out h] toes greatly 9 walk+1 & has a sore on h] left %94 ,9 ano!r1 ( ,june #bb1 ,mr4 ,p4 ,,bahi adv]tises ,m>ia1 ) a cle> :ite complexion1 & d\ble nipple on h] "r brea/4 ,mr4 ,,*>les ,,craige1 ( ,f$]al ,po9t1 ,new ,hanov] co4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! ,wilm+ton ,adv]tis]1 ,augu/ #aa1 #ahcg1 (f]s a rew>d = 8 slave ,jane1 & says %e is f> advanc$ 9 pregnancy4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,bullet91 ,augu/ #ah1 #ahch1 adv]tises ! negress ,m>y1 ag$ n9ete51 has a sc> on h] face1 walks p>rot-to$1 & is pregnant4 ,mr4 ,j4,g4 ,,muir1 ( ,gr& ,gulf1 ,mississippi1 ?us adv]tises a woman 9 ! ,vicksburg ,regi/]1 ,decemb] #e1 #ahch4 ,ranaway a negro girl--has a numb] ( black lumps on h] brea/s1 & is 9 a /ate ( pregnancy4 ,mr4 ,,jacob ,,besson1 ,donaldsonville1 ,l\isiana1 adv]tises 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,augu/ #g1 #ahch1 ! negro woman ,victor9e--%e is advanc$ 9 pregnancy4 ,mr4 ,j4,h4 ,,lev]i* ,co4 ,no4 #aj1 ,old ,levee1 ,new ,orleans1 adv]tises 9 ! ',bullet91' ,janu>y #bb1 #ahci1 z foll[s4 #ej ,,rew>d4--,ranaway a negro girl nam$ ,c>ol9e ab\t #ah ye>s ( age1 is f> advanc$ 9 *ild-be>+4 ,! above rew>d w be paid = h] deliv]y at ei!r ( ! jails ( ! city4 ,mr4 ,,john ,,duggan1 ?us adv]tises a woman 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ( ,sept4 #g4 ,ranaway f ! subscrib] a mulatto woman1 nam$ ,e/h]1 ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age1 l>ge /oma*1 wants h] upp] front tee?1 & walks pigeon-to$--suppos$ to be ab\t ! l[] fauxb\rg4 ,mr4 ,,francis ,,fo/]1 ( ,troop co4 ,georgia1 adv]tises 9 ! ,columbus 7,ga47 ,enquir] ( ,june #bb1 #ahcg--,my negro woman ,patsey1 has a /oop 9 h] walk+1 occasion$ by a sev]e burn on h] abdom54 ,! above are a few specim5s ( ! gross details1 9 describ+ ! p]sons ( females1 ( all ages1 & ! m>ks ^u all p>ts ( _! bodies2 prov+ inconte/ably1 t slavehold]s are 9 ! habit n only ( /ripp+ _! female slaves ( _! clo?+1 & inflict+ puni%m5t ^u _! '%r9k+ fle%1' b ( subject+ _! nak$ p]sons to ! mo/ m9ute & revolt+ inspection1 & !n ( publi%+ to ! _w ! results ( _! exam9ation1 z well z ! sc>s left by _! own inflictions ^u !m1 _! l5g?1 size1 & exact position on ! body2 & all ?is )\t impair+ 9 ! lea/1 ! /&+ 9 ! community ( ! %ameless wret*es :o ?us proclaim _! own abom9ations4 ,t su* ?+s %\ld n at all affect ! /&+ ( su* p]sons 9 society1 is c]ta9ly no m>vel3 h[ c\ld !y affect x1 :5 ! same communities enact laws requir+ _! own legal (fic]s to inspect m9utely ! p]sons & bodily m>ks ( all slaves tak5 up z runaways1 & to publi% 9 ! newspap]s a p>ticul> description ( all su* m>ks & peculi>ities ( _! p]sons1 _! size1 appe>ance position on ! body1 c4 ,yea1 v]ily1 :5 ! 'public op9ion' ( ! community1 9 ! solemn =m ( law1 comm&s jailors1 %]iffs1 capta9s ( police1 c4 to dive/ ( _! clo?+ ag$ matrons & "y girls1 m9utely exam9e _! nak$ p]sons1 & publi% ! results ( _! exam9ation--:o c m>vel1 t ! same 'public op9ion' %\ld tol]ate ! slavehold]s !mselves1 9 do+ ! same ?+s to _! own prop]ty1 :i* !y h appo9t$ legal (fic]s to d z _! proxies4#cg ,footnote #cg3 ',z a sample ( ^! laws1 we give ! foll[+ extract f "o ( ! laws ( ,m>yl&1 :]e slavehold+ 'public op9ion' exi/s 9 its milde/ =m4' ,x %all be ! duty ( ! %]iffs ( ! sev]al c\nties ( ?is /ate1 ^u any runaway s]vant or slave be+ committ$ to 8 cu/ody1 to cause ! same to be adv]tis$1 c4 & to make p>ticul> & m9ute descriptions ( ! p]son & bodily m>ks1 ( su* runaway4--,laws ( ,m>yl& ( #ahjb1 ,*ap4 #if1 ,sec4 #a & #b4 ,t ! %]iffs1 jailors1 c4 d n neglect ?is "p ( _! (ficial 'duty1' is pla9 f ! m9ute description :i* !y give 9 ! adv]tisem5ts ( m>ks ^u all p>ts ( ! p]sons ( females1 z well z males2 & also f ! occasional decl>ation1 'no sc>s discov]able on any "p1' or 'no m>ks discov]able ab\t h]2' :i* la/ is tak5 f an adv]tisem5t 9 ! ,mill$geville 7,geo47 ,j\rnal1 ,june #bf1 #ahch1 sign$ ',t4,s4 ,d5/]1 ,jailor4' ,! zeal ) :i* slavehold+ 'public op9ion' protects ! lives ( ! slaves1 may be illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ adv]tisem5ts1 tak5 f a multitude ( simil> ones 9 s\!rn pap]s4 ,to %[ t slavehold+ 'public op9ion' is ! same n[1 t x 0 half a c5tury ago1 we w ins]t1 9 ! fir/ place1 an adv]tisem5t publi%$ 9 a ,nor? ,c>ol9a newspap]1 ,oct4 #bi1 #aghe1 by ,w4 ,,sk9n]1 ! ,cl]k ( ! ,c\nty ( ,p]quimons1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,t5 silv] doll>s rew>d w be paid = appreh5d+ & deliv]+ to me my man ,moses1 :o ran away ?is morn+2 or ,i w give five times ! sum to any p]son :o w make due pro( ( 8 be+ kill$1 & nev] ask a "q to "k by :om x 0 done4 ,w4 ,,sk9n]4 ,p]quimons ,c\nty1 ,n4,c4 ,oct4 #bi1 #aghe4 ,! late ,,john ,,p>ri%1 ( ,philadelphia1 an em95t m9i/] ( ! religi\s society ( ,fri5ds1 :o travel$ ?r\gh ! slave /ates ab\t ?irty-five ye>s s9ce1 on a religi\s mission1 publi%$ on 8 return a pamphlet ( =ty pages1 entitl$ ',rem>ks on ! ,slav]y ( ! ,black ,p4' ,f ?is "w we extract ! foll[+ illu/rations ( 'public op9ion' 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,virg9ia at t p]iod4 ,:5 ,i 0 travel+ ?r\gh ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 a black man1 :o 0 outlaw$1 be+ %ot by "o ( 8 pursu]s1 & left w\nd$ 9 ! woods1 !y came to an ord9>y :]e ,i _h /opp$ to fe$ my horse1 9 ord] to procure a c>t to br+ ! poor wret*$ object 94 ,ano!r1 ,i 0 cr$ibly in=m$1 0 %ot1 8 head cut (f1 & c>ri$ 9 a bag by ! p]petrators ( ! murd]1 :o receiv$ ! rew>d1 :i* 0 said to be #bjj1 cont95tal curr5cy1 & t 8 head 0 /uck on a coal h\se at an iron works 9 ,virg9ia--& ?is = go+ to visit 8 wife at a di/ance4 ,craw=d gives an acc\nt ( a man be+ gibbett$ alive 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ! buzz>ds came & pick$ out 8 eyes4 ,ano!r 0 burnt to dea? at a /ake 9 ,*>le/on1 surr\nd$ by a multitude ( spectators1 "s ( :om 7 p ( ! fir/ rank2 444 ! poor object 0 he>d to cry1 z long z he c\ld brea!1 'n guilty--n guilty4' ,! foll[+ is an illu/ration ( ! 'public op9ion' ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ab\t fifty ye>s ago4 ,x is tak5 f ,judge ,/r\d's ,sket* ( ! ,slave ,laws1 page #ci4 ,i f9d 9 ! case ( '! ,/ate vs4 ,m',gee1' ,i ,bay's ,reports1 #afd1 x is said incid5tally by ,messrs4 ,p9ckney & ,=d1 c\nsel = ! /ate 7( ,s4,c471 't ! frequ5cy ( ! (f5ce 7wilful murd] ( a slave7 0 ow+ to ! nature ( ! puni%m5t'1 c4444 ,?is rem>k 0 made 9 #agia1 :5 ! above trial took place4 ,x 0 made 9 a public place--a c\r?\se--& by m5 ( great p]sonal respectability4 ,!re c be1 !re=e1 no "q z to its tru?1 & z little ( its notoriety4 ,9 #agia ! ,gr& ,jury = ! di/rict ( ,*]aw1 ,s4,c4 made a pres5tm5t1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract4 ,we1 ! ,gr& ,jurors ( & = ! di/rict ( ,*]aw1 d pres5t ! ,,inefficacy ( ! pres5t puni%m5t = kill+ negroes1 z a great defect 9 ! legal sy/em ( ?is /ate3 & we d e>ne/ly recomm5d to ! att5tion ( ! legislature1 t clause ( ! negro act1 :i* conf9es ! p5alty = kill+ slaves to f9e & imprisonm5t only3 9 full confid5ce1 t !y w provide "s o!r m effectual measures to prev5t ! ,,frequ5cy ( crimes ( ?is nature4--,mat!w ,c>ey's ,am]ican ,museum1 = ,feb4 #agia4--;,app5dix1 p4 #aj4 ,! foll[+ is a specim5 ( ! 'public op9ion' ( ,georgia twelve ye>s s9ce4 ,we give x 9 ! /rong words ( ,,colonel ,,/one1 ,editor ( ! ,new ,york ,comm]cial ,adv]tis]4 ,we take x f t pap] ( ,june #h1 #ahbg4 ,,hunt+ ,,m5 ,,) ,,dogs4-,a negro :o _h abscond$ f 8 ma/]1 & = :om a rew>d ( #ajj 0 (f]$1 has be5 appreh5d$ & committ$ to prison 9 ,savannah4 ,! editor1 :o /ates ! fact1 adds1 ) z mu* coolness z ?\gh !re 7 no b>b>ity 9 ! matt]1 t he did n surr5d] till he 0 consid]ably ,,maim$ ,,by ,,! ,,dogs t _h be5 set on him--desp]ately fight+ !m--"o ( :i* he badly cut ) a sword4 ,twelve days aft] ! publication ( ! prec$+ fact1 ! foll[+ horrible transaction took place 9 ,p]ry c\nty1 ,alabama4 ,we extract x f ! ,african ,obs]v]1 a mon?ly p]iodical1 publi%$ 9 ,philadelphia1 by ! society ( ,fri5ds4 ,see ,no4 = ,augu/1 #ahbg4 ,tuscaloosa1 ,ala4 ,june #bj1 #ahbg4 ,"s "t dur+ ! la/ week a ,mr4 ,m',neilly hav+ lo/ "s clo?+1 or o!r prop]ty ( no great value1 ! slave ( a neighbor+ plant] 0 *>g$ ) ! !ft4 ,m',neilly1 9 company ) 8 bro!r1 f\nd ! negro driv+ 8 ma/]'s wagon2 !y seiz$ him1 & ei!r did1 or 7 ab\t to *a/ise him1 :5 ! negro /abb$ ,m',neilly1 s t he di$ 9 an h\r aft]w>ds4 ,! negro 0 tak5 be=e a ju/ice ( ! peace1 :o wav$ 8 au?ority1 p]haps ?r\gh fe>1 z a cr[d ( p]sons _h collect$ to ! numb] ( sev5ty or eighty1 ne> ,mr4 ,p's 7! ju/ice7 h\se4 ,he act$ z presid5t ( ! mob1 & put ! vote1 :5 x 0 decid$ he %\ld be imm$iately execut$ by be+ burnt to dea?4 ,! sable culprit 0 l$ to a tree1 & ti$ to x1 & a l>ge quantity ( p9e knots collect$ & plac$ ar\nd him1 & ! fatal tor* appli$ to ! pile1 ev5 aga9/ ! remon/rances ( sev]al g5tlem5 :o 7 pres5t2 & ! mis]able be+ 0 9 a %ort "t burn$ to a%es4 ,?is is ! ,,second negro :o has be5 ,,?us put to dea?1 )\t judge or jury1 9 ?is c\nty4 ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5ts1 te/imony1 c4 w %[ t ! slavehold]s ( to-day are ! *ildr5 ( ^? :o %ot1 & hunt$ ) bloodh\nds1 & burn$ ov] sl[ fires1 ! slaves ( half a c5tury ago2 ! wor?y inh]itors ( _! civilization1 *ivalry1 & t5d] m]cies4 ,! ,wilm+ton 7,nor? ,c>ol9a7 ,adv]tis] ( ,july #ac1 #ahch1 conta9s ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t4 #ajj w be paid to any p]son :o may appreh5d & safely conf9e 9 any jail 9 ?is /ate1 a c]ta9 negro man1 nam$ ,,alfr$4 ,& ! same rew>d w be paid1 if satisfactory evid5ce is giv5 ( hav+ be5 ,,kill$4 ,he has "o or m sc>s on "o ( 8 h&s1 caus$ by 8 hav+ be5 %ot4 ,,! ,,citiz5s ,,( ,,onsl[4 ,ri*l&s1 ,onsl[ co4 ,may #af?1 #ahch4 ,9 ! same column ) ! above & directly "u x is ! foll[+3-- ,,ranaway my negro man ,,ri*>d4 ,a rew>d ( #be w be paid = 8 appreh5sion ,,dead or ,,alive4 ,satisfactory pro( w only be requir$ ( 8 be+ ,,kill$4 ,he has ) him1 9 all probability1 8 wife ,,eliza1 :o ran away f ,col4 ,?ompson1 n[ a resid5t ( ,alabama1 ab\t ! "t he comm5c$ 8 j\rney to t /ate4 ,,durant ,h4 ,,rhodes4 ,9 ! ,mason 7,georgia7 ,telegraph1 ,may #bh1 is ! foll[+3 ,ab\t ! #a/ ( ,m>* la/ ! negro man ,,ransom left me )\t ! lea/ provocation :atev]2 ,i w give a rew>d ( tw5ty doll>s = said negro1 if tak5 ,,dead ,,or ,,alive1--& if kill$ 9 any attempt1 an advance ( five doll>s w be paid4 ,,bryant ,,johnson4 ,craw=d co4 ,georgia ,see ! ,newb]n 7,n4,c47 ,spectator1 ,jan4 #e1 #ahch1 = ! foll[+3-- ,,ranaway1 f ! subscrib]1 a negro man nam$ ,,sampson4 ,fifty doll>s rew>d w be giv5 = ! deliv]y ( him to me1 or 8 conf9em5t 9 any jail s t ,i get him1 & %\ld he resi/ 9 be+ tak51 s t viol5ce is necess>y to arre/ him1 ,i w n hold any p]son liable = damages %\ld ! slave be ,,kill$4 ,,eno* ,,foy4 ,jones ,c\nty1 ,n4,c4 ,f ! ,macon 7,ga47 ,mess5g]1 ,june #ad1 #ahch4 ,,to ,,! ,,own]s ,,( ,,runaway ,,negroes4 ,a l>ge mulatto ,negro man1 betwe5 ?irty-five & =ty ye>s old1 ab\t six feet 9 height1 hav+ a high =ehead1 & hair slightly grey1 0 ,,kill$1 ne> my plantation1 on ! #i? in/4 ,he w\ld n surr5d] b assault$ ,mr4 ,b[51 :o kill$ him 9 self-def5ce4 ,if ! own] desires fur!r in=mation relative to ! dea? ( 8 negro1 he c obta9 x by lett]1 or by call+ on ! subscrib] t5 miles s\? ( ,p]ry1 ,h\/on c\nty4 ,,edm',d4 ,,jas4 ,mc,g,e,h,e,e4 ,f ! ',*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,c\ri]1' ,feb4 #bj1 #ahcf4 #cjj ,,rew>d4 ,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 9 ,novemb] la/1 8 two negro m51 nam$ ,billy & ,pompey4 ,billy is #be ye>s old1 & is kn[n z ! patroon ( my boat = _m ye>s2 9 all probability he may resi/2 9 t ev5t #ej doll>s w be paid = 8 ,,head4 ,f ! ',newb]n 7,n4,c47 ,spectator1' ,dec #b4 #ahcf4 #bjj ,,rew>d4 ,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 ab\t ?ree ye>s ago1 a c]ta9 negro man nam$ ,b51 commonly kn[n by ! "n ( ,b5 ,fox4 ,he _h b "o eye4 ,also1 "o o!r negro1 by ! "n ( ,rigdon1 :o ranaway on ! #h? ( ?is mon?4 ,i w give ! rew>d ( "o hundr$ doll>s = ea* ( ! above negroes1 to be deliv]$ to me or conf9$ 9 ! jail ( ,l5oir or ,jones c\nty1 or ,,= ,,! ,,kill+ ,,( ,,!m1 ,,s ,,t ,i ,,c ,,see ,,!m4 ,w4,d4 ,,cobb4 ,9 ! same numb] ( ! ,spectator two ,ju/ices ( ! ,peace adv]tise ! same runaways1 & give notice t if !y d n imm$iately return to ,w4,d4 ,cobb1 _! ma/]1 !y w be consid]$ z outlaws1 & any body may kill !m4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ! proclamation ( ! ,,ju/ices4 ,& we d h]eby1 by virtue ( an act ( ! assembly ( ?is /ate1 conc]n+ s]vants & slaves1 intimate & decl>e1 if ! said slaves d n surr5d] !mselves & return home to _! ma/] imm$iately aft] ! publication ( ^! pres5ts1 t any p]son may kill & de/roy said slaves by su* means z he or !y ?9k fit1 )\t accusation or impea*m5t ( any crime or (f5ce = s do+1 or )\t incurr+ any p5alty or =feiture !reby4 ,giv5 "u our h&s & seals1 ?is #ab? ,novemb]1 #ahcf4 ,b4 ,,coleman1 ,j4,p4 ,seal4 ,,jas4 ,,jones1 ,j4,p4 ,seal4 ,on ! #bh?1 ( ,april #ahcf1 9 ! city ( ,/ ,l\is1 ,miss\ri1 a black man1 nam$ ,mc,intosh :o _h /abb$ an (fic]1 t _h arre/$ him1 0 seiz$ by ! multitude1 fa/5$ to a tree 9 ! mid/ ( ! city1 wood pil$ ar\nd him1 & 9 op5 day & 9 ! pres5ce ( an imm5se ?rong ( citiz5s1 he 0 burn$ to dea?4 ,! ,alton 7,ill47 ,telegraph1 9 its acc\nt ( ! sc5e says2 ,all 0 sil5t z dea? :ile ! execution]s 7 pil+ wood ar\nd _! victim4 ,he said n a ^w1 until feel+ t ! flames _h seiz$ ^u him4 ,he !n utt]$ an awful h[l1 attempt+ to s+ & pray1 !n hung 8 head1 & suff]$ 9 sil5ce1 except 9 ! foll[+ in/ance3--,aft] ! flames _h surr\nd$ _! prey1 8 eyes burnt out ( 8 head1 & 8 m\? seem+ly p>*$ to a c9d]1 "s "o 9 ! cr[d1 m compassionate ?an ! re/1 propos$ to put an end to 8 mis]y by %oot+ him1 :5 x 0 repli$1 't w\ld be ( no use1 s9ce he 0 already out ( pa94' ',no1 no1' said ! wret*1 ',i am n1 ,i am suff]+ z mu* z ev]2 %oot me1 %oot me4' ',no1 no1' said "o ( ! fi5ds :o 0 /&+ ab\t ! sacrifice !y 7 roa/+1 'he %all n be %ot4 ,i w\ld soon] slack5 ! fire1 if t w\ld increase 8 mis]y2' & ! man :o said ?is 01 z we und]/&1 an ,,(fic] ,,( ,,ju/ice6 ,! ,/4 ,l\is correspond5t ( a ,new ,york pap] adds1 ,! %rieks & groans ( ! victim 7 l\d & pi]c+1 & to obs]ve "o limb aft] ano!r drop into ! fire 0 awful inde$4 ,he 0 ab\t fifte5 m9utes 9 dy+4 ,i visit$ ! place ?is morn+1 & saw 8 body1 or ! rema9s ( x1 at ! place ( execution4 ,he 0 burnt to a crump4 ,8 legs & arms 7 gone1 & only a "p ( 8 head & body 7 left4 ,le/ ?is demon/ration ( 'public op9ion' %\ld be reg>d$ z a sudd5 impulse m]ely1 n an index ( ! settl$ tone ( feel+ 9 t community1 x is important to add1 t ! ,hon4 ,luke ,e4 ,lawless1 ,judge ( ! ,circuit ,c\rt ( ,miss\ri1 at a session ( t ,c\rt 9 ! city ( ,/4 ,l\is1 "s mon?s aft] ! burn+ ( ?is man1 decid$ (ficially t s9ce ! burn+ ( ,mc,intosh 0 ! act1 ei!r directly or by c\nt5ance ( a majority ( ! citiz5s1 x is 'a case :i* transc5ds ! jurisdiction1' ( ! ,gr& ,jury6 ,?us ! /ate ( ,miss\ri has proclaim$ to ! _w1 t ! wret*es :o p]petrat$ t unspeakably diabolical murd]1 & ! ?\s&s t /ood by cons5t+ to x1 7 h] repres5tatives1 & ! ,b5* sanctifies x ) ! solemnity ( a judicial decision4 ,! ',new ,orleans ,po/1' ( ,june #g1 #ahcf1 publi%es ! foll[+2 ,we und]/&1 t a negro man 0 lately condemn$1 by ! mob1 to be ,,burn$ ,,ov] ,a ,,sl[ ,,fire1 :i* 0 put into execution at ,gr& ,gulf1 ,mississippi1 = murd]+ a black woman1 & h] ma/]4 ,mr4 ,,h5ry ,,bradley1 ( ,p5nyan1 ,n4,y41 has furni%$ u ) an extract ( a lett] writt5 by a g5tleman 9 ,mississippi to 8 bro!r 9 t village1 detail+ ! p>ticul>s ( ! prec$+ transaction4 ,! lett] is dat$ ,gr& ,gulf1 ,miss4 ,augu/ #ae1 #ahcf4 ,! extract is z foll[s3 ,i left ,vicksburg & came to ,gr& ,gulf4 ,?is is a f9e place imm$iately on ! banks ( ! ,mississippi1 ( some?+ l fifte5 hundr$ inhabitants 9 ! w9t]1 & at ?is "t1 ,i suppose1 !re are n ov] two hundr$ :ite inhabitants1 b 9 ! t[n & its vic9ity !re are negroes by ?\s&s4 ,! day ,i arriv$ at ?is place !re 0 a man by ! "n ( ,g---- murd]$ by a negro man t belong$ to him4 ,g---- 0 born & br\ght up 9 ,a----1 /ate ( ,new ,york4 ,8 fa!r & "m n[ live s\? ( ,a----4 ,he has left a prop]ty "h1 x is suppos$1 ( =ty ?\s& doll>s1 & no family4 ,!y took ! negro1 m\nt$ him on a horse1 l$ ! horse "u a tree1 put a rope ar\nd 8 neck1 rais$ him up by ?r[+ ! rope ov] a limb2 !y !n got into a qu>rel among !mselves2 "s swore t he %\ld be burnt alive2 ! rope 0 cut & ! negro dropp$ to ! gr\nd4 ,he imm$iately jump$ to 8 feet2 !y !n made him walk a %ort di/ance to a tree2 he 0 !n ti$ fa/ & a fire k9dl$1 :5 ano!r qu>rel took place2 ! fire 0 pull$ away f him :5 ab\t half dead1 & a committee ( twelve appo9t$ to say 9 :at mann] he %\ld be dispos$ (4 ,!y br\ght 9 t he %\ld !n be cut d[n1 8 head cut (f1 8 body burn$1 & 8 head /uck on a pole at ! corn] ( ! road 9 ! edge ( ! t[n4 ,t 0 done & all p>ties satisfi$6 ,g---- own$ ! negro's wife1 & 0 9 ! habit ( sleep+ ) h]6 ,! negro said he _h kill$ him1 & he believ$ he %\ld be rew>d$ 9 heav5 = x4 ,?is is b "o in/ance among _m ( a simil> nature4 ,s4,s4 ,we h receiv$ a m detail$ acc\nt ( ?is transaction f ,mr4 ,william ,arm/rong1 ( ,putnam1 ,ohio1 ?r\gh ,maj4 ,horace ,nye1 ( t place4 ,mr4 ,a4 :o has be5 = "s ye>s employ$ z capta9 & sup]c>go ( boats desc5d+ ! riv]1 0 at ,gr& ,gulf at ! "t ( ! trag$y1 & witness$ x4 ,x 0 on ! ,sabba?4 ,f ,mr4 ,arm/rong's /atem5t1 x appe>s t ! slave 0 a man ( uncommon intellig5ce2 _h ! ov]-sight ( a l>ge bus9ess--sup]9t5d$ ! pur*ase ( supplies = 8 ma/]1 c4--t exasp]at$ by ! int]c\rse ( 8 ma/] ) 8 wife1 he 0 upbraid+ h] "o ev5+1 :5 8 ma/] ov]he>+ him1 w5t out to quell him1 0 attack$ by ! infuriat$ man & kill$ on ! spot4 ,! "n ( ! ma/] 0 ,gre52 he 0 a native ( ,auburn1 ,new ,york1 & _h be5 at ! s\? b a few ye>s4 ,mr4 ,,ezekiel ,,birdseye1 ( ,cornwall1 ,conn41 a g5tleman well kn[n & highly respect$ 9 ,lit*field c\nty1 :o resid$ a numb] ( ye>s 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony3-- ,a man by ! "n ( ,wat]s 0 kill$ by 8 slaves1 9 ,newb]ry ,di/rict4 ,?ree ( !m 7 tri$ be=e ! c\rt1 & ord]$ to be burnt4 ,i 0 b a few miles di/ant at ! "t1 & conv]s$ ) ^? :o saw ! execution4 ,! slaves 7 ti$ to a /ake1 & pit* p9e wood pil$ ar\nd !m1 to :i* ! fire 0 communicat$4 ,?\s&s 7 collect$ to witness ?is b>b>\s transaction4 ,o!r executions ( ?is k9d took place 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! /ate1 dur+ my resid5ce 9 x1 f #ahah to #ahbd4 ,ab\t ?ree or f\r ye>s ago1 a "y negro 0 burnt 9 ,abbeville ,di/rict1 = an attempt at rape4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahcg1 !re 0 a rumor ( a project$ insurrection on ! ,r$ ,riv]1 9 ,l\isiana4 ,! citiz5s =?) seiz$ & hang$ ,,n9e ,,slaves1 ,,& ,,?ree ,,free ,,color$ ,,m51 ,,)\t ,,trial4 ,a few mon?s previ\s to t transaction1 a slave 0 seiz$ 9 a simil> mann] & publicly burn$ to dea?1 9 ,arkansas4 ,9 ,july1 #ahce1 ! citiz5s ( ,madison c\nty1 ,mississippi1 7 al>m$ by rumors ( an insurrection arre/$ five slaves & publicly execut$ !m )\t trial4 ,! ,miss\ri ,republican1 ,april #cj1 #ahch1 gives ! p>ticul>s ( ! delib]ate murd] ( a negro man nam$ ,tom1 a cook on bo>d ! /eamboat ,pawnee1 on h] passage up f ,new ,orleans to ,/4 ,l\is4 ,"s ( ! facts /at$ by ! ,republican are ! foll[+3 ,on ,friday night1 ab\t #aj o'clock1 a deaf & dumb ,g]man girl 0 f\nd 9 ! /or]oom ) ,tom4 ,! door 0 lock$1 & at fir/ ,tom d5i$ %e 0 !re4 ,! girl's fa!r came4 ,tom unlock$ ! door1 & ! girl 0 f\nd secret$ 9 ! room beh9d a b>rel4 ,! next morn+ "s f\r or five ( ! deck pass5g]s spoke to ! capta9 ab\t x4 ,?is 0 ab\t breakfa/ "t4 ,imm$iately aft] he left ! deck1 a numb] ( ! deck pass5g]s ru%$ ^u ! negro1 b\nd 8 arms beh9d 8 back & c>ri$ him =w>d to ! b[ ( ! boat4 ,a voice cri$ out '?r[ him ov]bo>d1' & 0 respond$ to f e qu>t] ( ! deck--& 9 an in/ant he 0 plung$ into ! riv]4 ,! :ole sc5e ( ty+ him & ?r[+ him ov]bo>d sc>cely occupi$ t5 m9utes1 & 0 s precipitate t ! (fic]s 7 unable to int]f]e 9 "t to save him4 ,!re 7 betwe5 two hundr$ & fifty & ?ree hundr$ pass5g]s on bo>d4 ,! :ole process ( seiz+ ,tom1 dragg+ him ^u deck1 b9d+ 8 arms beh9d 8 back1 =c+ him to ! b[ ( ! boat1 & ?r[+ him ov]bo>d1 occupi$1 ! editor in=ms u1 ab\t ,,t5 ,,m9utes1 & ( ! two hundr$ & fifty or ?ree hundr$ deck pass5g]s1 ) p]haps z _m cab9 pass5g]s1 x does n appe> t a s+le individual rais$ a f+] to prev5t ?is delib]ate murd]2 & ! cry ?r[ him ov]bo>d1 0 x seems1 respond$ to f e qu>t] ( ! deck6 ,rev4 ,,james ,a4 ,,?ome1 ( ,augu/a1 ,ky41 son ( ,ar?ur ,?ome1 ,esq41 till rec5tly a slavehold]1 publi%$ five ye>s s9ce ! foll[+ description ( a sc5e witness$ by him 9 ,new ,orleans3 ,9 ,decemb] ( #ahcc1 ,i l&$ at ,new ,orleans1 9 ! /eam] ,w----4 ,x 0 aft] night1 d>k & ra9y4 ,! pass5g]s 7 call$ out ( ! cab91 f ! enjoym5t ( a fire1 :i* ! cold1 damp atmosph]e r5d]$ v com=table1 by a sudd5 %\t (1 'cat* him--cat* him--cat* ! negro4' ,! cry 0 answ]$ by a hundr$ voices--',cat* him--kill him1' & a ru% f e direction t[>d our boat1 indicat$ t ! object ( pursuit 0 ne>4 ,! next mom5t we he>d a man plunge into ! riv]1 a few paces above u4 ,a cr[d ga!r$ ^u ! %ore1 ) lamps & /ones1 & clubs1 /ill cry+1 'cat* him--kill him--cat* him--%oot him4' ,i soon discov]$ ! poor man4 ,he _h tak5 refuge "u ! pr[ ( ano!r boat1 & 0 /&+ 9 ! wat] up to 8 wai/4 ,! angry vocif]ation ( 8 pursu]s1 did n intimidate him4 ,he defi$ !m all4 ',don't y d>e to come ne> me1 or ,i w s9k y 9 ! riv]4' ,he 0 arm$ ) despair4 ,= a mom5t ! mob 0 palsi$ by ! en]gy ( 8 ?reat5+s4 ,!y 7 afraid to g to him ) a skiff1 b a numb] ( !m w5t on to ! boat & tri$ to seize him4 ,!y ?rew a noose rope d[n repeat$ly1 t !y might pull him up by ! neck6 b he plant$ 8 h& firmly aga9/ ! boat & da%$ ! rope away ) 8 arms4 ,"o ( !m took a long b> ( wood1 & lean+ ov] ! pr[1 endeavor$ to /rike him on ! head1 ,! bl[ mu/ h %att]$ ! skull1 b x did n rea* l[ en\gh4 ,! mon/] rais$ up ! heavy club aga9 & said1 ',come out n[1 y old rascal1 or die4' ',/rike1' said ! negro2 '/rike--%iv] my bra9s n[2 ,i want to die2' & d[n w5t ! club aga91 )\t /rik+4 ,?is 0 repeat$ sev]al times4 ,! mob1 see+ _! ef=ts fruitless1 became m enrag$ & ?reat5$ to /one him1 if he did n surr5d] himself into _! h&s4 ,he aga9 defi$ !m1 & decl>$ t he w\ld dr[n himself 9 ! riv]1 be=e !y %\ld h him4 ,!y !n resort$ to p]suasion1 & promis$ !y w\ld n hurt him4 ',i'll die fir/2' 0 8 only reply4 ,ev5 ! furi\s mob 0 aw$1 & = a :ile /ood dumb4 ,aft] /&+ 9 ! cold wat] = an h\r1 ! mis]able be+ began to fail4 ,we obs]v$ him gradually s9k+--8 voice grew weak & tremul\s--yet he cont9u$ to curse6 ,9 ! mid/ ( 8 oa?s he utt]$ brok5 s5t5ces--',i did'nt /eal ! meat--,i did'nt /eal--my ma/] lives--ma/]--ma/] lives up ! riv]--78 voice began to gurgle 9 8 ?roat1 & he 0 s *ill$ t 8 tee? *att]$ audibly7--,i did'nt--/eal--,i did'nt /eal--my--my ma/]--my--,i want to see my ma/]--,i didn't--no--my mas--y want--y want to kill me--,i didn't /eal !'--,8 la/ words c\ld j be he>d z be sunk "u ! wat]4 ,dur+ ?is indescribable sc5e1 n "o ( ! hundr$ t /ood ar\nd made any ef=t to save ! man until he 0 app>5tly dr[n$4 ,he 0 !n dragg$ out & /ret*$ on ! b[ ( ! boat1 & soon suffici5t means 7 us$ = 8 recov]y4 ,! brutal capta9 ord]$ him to be tak5 (f 8 boat--decl>+1 ) an oa?1 t he w\ld ?r[ him into ! riv] aga91 if he 0 n imm$iately remov$4 ,i )drew1 sick & horrifi$ ) ?is appall+ exhibition ( wick$ness4 ,^u inquiry1 ,i le>n$ t ! color$ man liv$ "s fifty miles up ! ,mississippi2 t he _h be5 *>g$ ) /eal+ "s article f ! :>f2 0 fir$ ^u ) a pi/ol1 & pursu$ by ! mob4 ,9 reflect+ ^u ?is unm+l$ cruelty--?is ins5sibility to suff]+ & disreg>d ( life--,i exclaim$1 ',is !re no fle% 9 man's obdurate he>t8' ,"o poor man1 *as$ l a wolf by a hundr$ blood h\nds1 yell+1 h[l+1 & gna%+ _! tee? ^u him--plunges into ! cold riv] to seek protection6 ,a cr[d ( spectators witness ! sc5e1 ) all ! composure ) :i* a ,roman populace w\ld look ^u a gladiatorial %[4 ,n a voice he>d 9 ! suff]]'s behalf4 ,at l5g? ! p[]s ( nature give way2 ! blood fl[s back to ! he>t--! tee? *att]--! voice trembles & dies1 :ile ! victim drops d[n into 8 grave4 ,:at an atroci\s sy/em is t :i* leaves two millions ( s\ls1 fri5dless & p[]less--hunt$ & *as$--afflict$ & tortur$ & driv5 to dea?1 )\t ! means ( r$ress4--,yet su* is ! sy/em ( slav]y4 ,! 'public op9ion' ( slavehold]s is illu/rat$ by scores ( ann\ncem5ts 9 s\!rn pap]s1 l ! foll[+1 f ! ,raleigh1 7,n4,c47 ,regi/]1 ,augu/ #bj1 #ahch4 ,joseph ,gale & ,son1 editors & proprietors--! fa!r & bro!r ( ! editor ( ! ,national ,intellig5ce1 ,wa%+ton city1 ,d4,c4 ,on ,saturday night1 ,mr4 ,george ,holmes1 ( ?is c\nty1 & "s ( 8 fri5ds1 7 9 pursuit ( a runaway slave 7! prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,holmes7 & fell 9 ) him 9 attempt+ to make 8 escape4 ,mr4 ,h4 dis*>g$ a gun at 8 legs1 = ! purpose ( disabl+ him2 b un=tunately1 ! slave /umbl$1 & ! %ot /ruck him ne> ! small ( ! back1 ( :i* w\nd he di$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,! slave cont9u$ to run "s di/ance aft] he 0 %ot1 until ov]tak5 by "o ( ! p>ty4 ,we are satisfi$1 f all t we c le>n1 t ,mr4 ,h4 _h no int5tion ( inflict+ a mortal w\nd4 ,oh6 ! g5tleman1 x seems1 only %ot at 8 legs1 m]ely to 'disable'--& x mu/ be expect$ t e g5tleman w amuse himself 9 %oot+ at 8 own prop]ty :5ev] ! notion takes him1 & if he %\ld happ5 to hit a little high] & g ?r\gh ! small ( ! back in/ead ( ! legs1 :y e body says x is 'un=tunate1' & ! :ole ( ! editorial corps1 in/ead ( br&+ him z a b>b>\s wret* = %oot+ at 8 slave1 :atev] "p be aim$ at1 jo9 ) ! olde/ editor 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 complac5tly exon]at+ ,mr4 ,holmes by say+1 ,we are satisfi$ t ,mr4 ,h4 _h no int5tion ( inflict+ a mortal w\nd4 ,& s 'public op9ion' wraps x up6 ,! ,frankl9 7,la47 ,republican1 ,augu/ #ai1 #ahcg1 has ! foll[+3 ,,negroes ,,tak54--,f\r g5tlem5 ( ?is vic9ity1 w5t out ye/]day = ! purpose ( f9d+ ! camp ( "s not$ runaways1 suppos$ to be ne> ?is place2 ! camp 0 discov]$ ab\t #aa o'clock1 ! negroes f\r 9 numb]1 ?ree m5 & "o woman1 f9d+ !y 7 discov]$1 tri$ to make _! escape ?r\gh ! cane2 two ( !m 7 fir$ on1 "o ( :i* made 8 escape2 ! o!r "o fell aft] runn+ a %ort di/ance1 8 w\nds are n suppos$ to be dang]\s2 ! o!r man 0 tak5 )\t any hurt2 ! woman also made h] escape4 ,?us t]m9at$ ! morn+s amusem5t ( ! 'f\r g5tlem51' ^: exploits are s complac5tly *ronicl$ by ! editor ( ! ,frankl9 ,republican4 ,! ?ree m5 & "o woman 7 all fir$ ^u1 x seems1 ?\gh only "o ( !m 0 %ot d[n4 ,! half fami%$ runaways made n ! lea/ resi/ance1 !y m]ely ru%$ 9 panic among ! canes1 at ! sight ( _! pursu]s1 & ! bullets :i/l$ aft] !m & br\ght to ! gr\nd "o poor fell[1 :o 0 c>ri$ back by 8 captors z a trophy ( ! 'public op9ion' among slavehold]s4 ,9 ! ,macon 7,ga47 ,telegraph1 ,nov4 #bg1 #ahch1 we f9d ! foll[+ acc\nt ( a runaway's d51 & ( ! good luck ( a ',mr4 ,adams1' 9 runn+ d[n "o ( !m ') 8 excell5t dogs3' ,a runaway's d5 0 discov]$ on ,sunday ne> ! ,wa%+ton ,spr+1 9 a little pat* ( woods1 :]e x _h be5 = sev]al mon?s1 s artfully conceal$ "u gr\nd1 t x 0 detect$ only by accid5t1 ?\gh 9 sight ( two or ?ree h\ses1 & ne> ! road & fields :]e !re has be5 con/ant daily pass+4 ,! entrance 0 conceal$ by a pile ( p9e /raw1 repres5t+ a hog b$--:i* be+ remov$1 discov]$ a trap door & /eps t l$ to a room ab\t six feet squ>e1 com=tably ceil$ ) plank1 conta9+ a small fire-place ! flue ( :i* 0 +5i\sly conduct$ above gr\nd & conceal$ by ! /raw4 ,! inmates took ! al>m & made _! escape2 b ,mr4 ,adams & 8 excell5t dogs be+ put ^u ! trail1 soon run d[n & secur$ "o ( !m1 :i* prov$ to be a negro fell[ :o _h be5 out ab\t a ye>4 ,he /at$ t ! o!r occupant 0 a woman1 :o _h be5 a runaway a /ill long] "t4 ,9 ! d5 0 f\nd a quantity ( meal1 bacon1 corn1 potatoes1 c41 & v>i\s cook+ ut5sils & we>+ app>el4 ,yes1 ,mr4 ,adams' ',,excell5t ,,dogs' did ! "w6 ,!y 7 well tra9$1 swift1 fre%1 ke5-sc5t$1 'excell5t' m5-hunt]s1 & ?\gh ! poor fugitive 9 8 fr5zi$ ru% = lib]ty1 /ra9$ e muscle1 yet !y ga9$ ^u him1 & aft] da%+ ?r\gh f5s1 bri]-b$s1 & ! tangl$ und]gr[? till fa9t & torn1 he s9ks1 & ! blood-h\nds are ^u him4 ,:at blood-vessels ! poor /ruggl] bur/ 9 8 desp]ate pu% = life--h[ mu* he 0 bruis$ & lac]at$ 9 8 plunge ?r\gh ! =e/1 or h[ mu* ! dogs tore him1 ! ,macon editor has n *ronicl$--!y are matt]s ( no mom5t--b 8 he>t is t\*$ ) ! m]its ( ,mr4 ,adams' ',,excell5t ,,dogs1' t 'soon run d[n & secur$' a guiltless & trembl+ human creature6 ,! ,georgia ,con/itutionali/1 ( ,jan4 #ahcg1 conta9s ! foll[+ lett] f ! coron] ( ,b>nwell ,di/rict1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 dat$ ,aik51 ,s4,c4 ,dec4 #bj1 #ahcf4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,con/itutionali/3 ,i h j return$ f an inque/ ,i held ov] ! body ( a negro man1 a runaway1 t 0 %ot ne> ! ,s\? ,edi/o1 9 ?is ,di/rict1 7,b>nwell17 on ,saturday la/4 ,he came to 8 dea? by 8 own recklessness4 ,he refus$ to be tak5 alive--& said t o!r attempts to take him _h be5 made1 & he 0 det]m9$ t he w\ld n be tak54 ,he 0 at fir/1 7:5 ^? 9 pursuit ( him f\nd x absolutely necess>y17 %ot at ) small %ot1 ) ! int5tion ( m]ely crippl+ him4 ,he 0 %ot at sev]al times1 & at la/ he 0 s disabl$ z to be compell$ to surr5d]4 ,he kept 9 ! run ( a creek 9 a v d5se swamp all ! "t t ! neighbors 7 9 pursuit ( him4 ,z soon z ! negro 0 tak51 ! be/ m$ical aid 0 procur$1 b he di$ on ! same ev5+4 ,"o ( ! witnesses at ! ,inquisition1 /at$ t ! negro boy said he 0 f ,mississippi1 & belong$ to s _m p]sons1 t he did n "k :o 8 ma/] 01 b aga9 he said 8 ma/]'s "n 0 ,br[n4 ,he said 8 "n 0 ,sam1 & :5 ask$ by ano!r witness1 :o 8 ma/] 01 he mutt]$ some?+ l ,augu/a or ,augu/9e4 ,! boy 0 app>5tly above ?irty-five or =ty ye>s ( age1 ab\t six feet high1 slightly yell[ 9 ! face1 v long be>d or :isk]s1 & v /\t built1 & a /]n c\nt5ance2 & appe>$ to h be5 a runaway = a long "t4 ,,william ,h4 ,,prit*>d1 ,coron] 7,ex-(ficio17 ,b>nwell ,di/4 ,s4,c4 ,! ,norfolk 7,va47 ,h]ald1 ( ,feb4 #ahcg1 has ! foll[+3 ,?ree negroes 9 a %ip's yawl1 came on %ore ye/]day ev5+1 ne> ,new ,po9t ,com=t1 & 7 soon aft] appreh5d$ & lodg$ 9 jail4 ,_! /ory is1 t !y belong$ to a brig f ,new ,york b\nd to ,havana1 :i* 0 ca/ away to ! s\?w>d ( ,cape ,h5ry1 "s day la/ week2 t ! brig 0 call$ ! ,m>ia1 ,capta9 ,:ittemore4 ,i h no d\bt !y are des]t]s f "s vessel 9 ! bay1 z _! /atem5ts are v confus$ & inconsi/5t4 ,"o ( ^! fell[s is a mulatto1 & calls himself ,isaac ,turn]2 ! o!r two are q black1 ! "o pass+ by ! "n ( ,james ,jones & ! o!r ,john ,murray4 ,!y h all _! clo?+ ) !m1 & are dress$ 9 sea-f>+ app>el4 ,!y attempt$ to make _! escape1 & x 0 n till a musket 0 fir$ at !m1 & "o ( !m slightly w\nd$1 t !y surr5d]$4 ,!y w be kept 9 jail till some?+ fur!r is discov]$ respect+ !m4 ,! ',/4 ,francisville 7,la47 ,*ronicle1' ( ,feb4 #a1 #ahci4 ,gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( a 'negro hunt1' 9 t ,p>i%4 ,two or ?ree days s9ce a g5tleman ( ?is p>i%1 9 hunt+ runaway negroes1 came ^u a camp ( !m 9 ! swamp on ,cat ,isl&4 ,he succe$$ 9 arre/+ two ( !m1 b ! ?ird made fight2 & ^u be+ %ot 9 ! %\ld]1 fl$ to a sluice1 :]e ! dogs succe$$ 9 dr[n+ him be=e assi/ance c\ld arrive4 ',! dogs succe$$ 9 dr[n+ him'6 ,poor fell[6 ,he tri$ h>d = 8 life1 plung$ into ! sluice1 &1 ) a bullet 9 8 %\ld]1 & ! blood h\nds unfle%+ 8 bones1 he bore up = a mom5t ) feeble /roke z be/ he might1 b 'public op9ion1' 'succe$$ 9 dr[n+ him1' & ! same 'public op9ion1' calls ! man :o fir$ & crippl$ him1 & *e]$ on ! dogs1 'a g5tleman1' & ! editor :o celebrates ! exploit is a 'g5tleman' also6 ,a l>ge numb] ( extracts simil> to ! above1 might "h be ins]t$ f ,s\!rn newspap]s 9 our possession1 b ! =ego+ are m ?an suffici5t = our purpose1 & we br+ to a close ! te/imony on ?is po9t1 ) ! foll[+4 ,extract ( a lett]1 f ! ,rev4 ,samuel ,j4 ,may1 ( ,s\? ,scituate1 ,mass4 dat$ ,dec4 #bj1 #ahch4 ,y d\btless recollect ! n>rative giv5 9 ! ,oasis1 ( a slave 9 ,georgia1 :o hav+ ranaway f 8 ma/]1 7acc\nt$ a v hospitable & ev5 humane g5tleman17 0 hunt$ by 8 ma/] & 8 reta9]s ) horses1 dogs1 & rifles1 & hav+ be5 driv5 into a tree by ! h\nds1 0 %ot d[n by 8 m cruel pursu]s4 ,all ! facts !re giv51 & "s o!rs equally %ock+1 connect$ ) ! same case1 7 fir/ communicat$ to me 9 #ahcc1 by ,mr4 ,w4 ,russell1 a highly respectable tea*] ( y\? 9 ,bo/on4 ,he is d\btless ready to v\* = !m4 ,! same g5tleman in=m$ me t he 0 keep+ s*ool on or ne> ! plantation ( ! mon/] :o p]petrat$ ! above outrage ^u humanity1 t he 0 ev5 invit$ by him to jo9 9 ! hunt1 & :5 he express$ abhorr5ce at ! ?\ght1 ! plant] hold+ up ! rifle :i* he _h 9 8 h& said ) an oa?1 'damn t rascal1 ?is is ! ?ird "t he has runaway1 & he %all nev] run aga94 ,i'd r put a ball into 8 side1 ?an into ! be/ buck 9 ! l&4' ,mr4 ,russell1 9 ! acc\nt giv5 by him ( ?is trag$y 9 ! ',oasis1' page #bfg1 ?us describes ! slavehold] :o made ! above expression1 & 0 ! lead] ( ! 'hunt1' & 9 ^: family he resid$ at ! "t z an in/ructor he says ( him--he 0 an opul5t plant]1 9 ^: family ! evils ( slavehold+ 7 palliat$ by e exp$i5t t a humane & g5]\s disposition c\ld sugge/4 ,he 0 a man ( noble & elevat$ "*1 & di/+ui%$ = 8 g5]osity1 & k9dness ( he>t4 ,9 a lett] to ,mr4 ,may1 dat$ ,feb4 #c1 #ahci1 ,mr4 ,russell1 speak+ ( ! hunt+ ( runaways ) dogs & guns1 says3 ,occurr5ces ( a nature simil> to ! "o relat$ 9 ! ',oasis1' 7 n unfrequ5t 9 ! int]ior ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,sev]al su* fell "u my notice )9 ! space ( fifte5 mon?s4 ,9 two su* 'hunts1' ,i 0 solicit$ to jo94 ,! foll[+ 0 writt5 by a si/]-9-law ( ,g]rit ,smi?1 ,esq41 ,pet]boro4 ,%e is m>ri$ to ! son ( a ,nor? ,c>ol9ian4 ,9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 "s ye>s ago1 sev]al slaves 7 arre/$ = committ+ s]i\s crimes & depr$ations1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,wilm+ton1 among o!r ?+s1 burn+ h\ses1 &1 9 "o or m in/ances1 murd]4 ,x happ5$ t ! wife ( "o ( ^! slaves resid$ 9 "o ( ! mo/ respectable families 9 ,w4 9 ! capacity ( nurse4 ,mr4 ,j4 ! fir/ lawy] 9 ! place1 came into ! room1 :]e ! lady ( ! h\se1 0 sitt+1 ) ! nurse1 :o held a *ild 9 h] arms1 &1 address+ ! nurse1 said1 ,hannah6 w\ld y "k y\r husb& if y %\ld see him8--,oh1 yes1 sir1 %e repli$--,:5 ,,he ,,drew ,,f ,,b5ea? ,,8 ,,cloak ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,slave1 at ! sight ( :i* ! poor woman imm$iately fa9t$4 ,! heads ( ! o!rs 7 plac$ ^u poles1 9 "s "p ( ! t[n1 aft]w>ds kn[n z ',negro ,head ,po9t4' ,we h j receiv$ ! above te/imony1 enclos$ 9 a lett] f ,mr4 ,smi?1 9 :i* he says1 t ! fact /at$ by my si/]-9-law1 actually occurr$1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,! foll[+ extract f ! ,di>y ( ! ,rev4 ,,elias ,,cornelius1 we ins]t "h1 hav+ neglect$ to d x "u a prec$+ head1 to :i* x m appropriately belongs4 ,new ,orleans1 ,sabba?1 ,febru>y #ae1 #ahah4 ,e>ly ?is morn+ accompani$ ,a4,h4 ,esq4 to ! hospital1 ) ! view ( mak+ arrangem5ts to prea* to su* ( ! sick z c\ld und]/& ,engli%4 ,! fir/ room we ent]$ pres5t$ a sc5e ( human mis]y1 su* z ,i _h nev] be=e witness$4 ,a poor negro man 0 ly+ ^u a c\*1 app>5tly 9 great di/ress2 a m mis]able object c h>dly be conceiv$4 ,8 face 0 mu* disfigur$1 an ,,iron ,,coll>1 ,,two ,,in*es ,,wide ,,& ,,half ,,an ,,in* ,,?ick1 ,,0 ,,clasp$ ,,ab\t ,,8 ,,neck1 :ile "o ( 8 feet & "p ( ! leg 7 9 a /ate ( putrefaction4 ,we inquir$ ! cause ( 8 be+ 9 ?is di/ress+ condition1 & he answ]$ u 9 a falt]+ voice1 t he 0 will+ to tell u all ! tru?4 ,he belong$ to ,mr4 ---- a ,fr5*man1 ran-away1 0 caught1 & puni%$ ) "o hundr$ la%es6 ,?is happ5$ ab\t ,*ri/mas2 & dur+ ! cold wea!r at t "t1 he 0 conf9$ 9 ! ,cane-h\se1 ) a scanty portion ( clo?+1 & )\t fire4 ,9 ?is situation 8 foot _h froz51 & mortifi$1 & hav+ be5 remov$ f place to place1 he 0 ye/]day br\ght "h by ord] ( 8 new ma/]1 :o 0 an ,am]ican4 ,i _h no "t to protract my conv]sation ) him !n1 b resolv$ to return 9 a few h\rs & pray ) him4 ,hav+ return$ home1 ,i aga9 visit$ ! hospital at half pa/ elev5 o'clock1 & conclud$ fir/ ( all he 0 to prea* at #ab1 to pray ) ! poor lac]at$ negro4 ,i ent]$ ! ap>tm5t 9 :i* he lay1 & obs]v$ an old man sitt+ ^u a c\*2 b1 )\t say+ any?+ w5t up to ! b$-side ( ! negro1 :o appe>$ to be asleep4 ,i spoke to him1 b he gave no answ]4 ,i spoke aga91 & mov$ 8 head1 /ill he said no?+4 ,my appreh5sions 7 imm$iately excit$1 & ,i felt = 8 pulse1 b x 0 gone4 ,said ,i to ! old man1 'surely ?is negro is dead4' ',no1' he answ]$1 'he has fall5 asleep1 = he _h a v re/less season la/ night4' ,i aga9 exam9$ & call$ ! old g5tleman to ! b$1 & alas1 x 0 f\nd true1 t he 0 dead4 ,n an eye _h witness$ 8 la/ /ruggle1 & ,i 0 ! fir/1 z x %\ld happ51 to discov] ! fact4 ,i call$ sev]al m5 into ! room1 & )\t c]emony !y wrapp$ him 9 a %eet1 & c>ri$ him to ! dead-h\se z x is call$4--,edw>ds' ,life ( ,rev4 ,elias ,cornelius1 pp4 #aja1 #b1 #c4 ,,! ,,protection ,,ext5d$ ,,by ',,public ,,op9ion1' ,,to ,,! ,,heal?#ch ,,( ,,! ,,slaves4 ,?is may be judg$ ( f ! fact t x is p]fectly notori\s among slavehold]s1 bo? ,nor? & ,s\?1 t ( ! t5s ( ?\s&s ( slaves sold annually 9 ! nor!rn slave /ates to be transport$ to ! s\?1 l>ge numb]s ( !m die "u ! sev]e1 process ( acclimation1 all suff] m or less1 & multitudes mu*1 9 _! heal? & /r5g?1 dur+ _! fir/ ye>s 9 ! f> s\? & s\? we/4 ,t su* is ! case is suffici5tly prov$ by ! c>e tak5 by all :o adv]tise = sale or hire 9 ,l\isiana1 ,mississippi1 ,alabama1 ,arkansas1 c4 to in=m ! read]1 t _! slaves are ',creoles1' 's\!rn born1' 'c\ntry born1' c4 or if !y are f ! nor?1 t !y are 'acclimat$1' & ! importance atta*$ to _! acclimation1 is %[n 9 ! fact1 t x is g5]ally di/+ui%$ f ! re/ ( ! adv]tisem5ts ei!r by italics or ,,capitals4 ,almo/ e newspap] publi%$ 9 ! /ates f> s\? conta9s adv]tisem5ts l ! foll[+4 ,footnote #ch3 ,see pp4 #cg-ci4 ,f ! ,vicksburg 7,mi47 ,regi/]1 ,dec4 #bg1 #ahch4 ,i ,,(f] my plantation = sale4 ,also sev5ty-five acclimat$ ,negroes4 ,o4,b4 ,,cobb4 ,f ! ,s\!rn]1 ,june #g1 #ahcg4 ,i ,,w sell my ,old-,riv] plantation ne> ,columbia 9 ,arkansas2--also ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,?irty ,,acclimat$ ,,slaves4 ,,b5j4 ,,hughes4 ,port ,gibson1 ,jan4 #ad1 #ahcg4 ,f ! ,plant]s' 7,la47 ,intellig5c]1 ,m>* #bb4 ,probate sale--,w be (f]$ = sale at ,public ,auction1 to ! highe/ bidd]1 ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,?irty acclimat$ slaves4 ,g4,w4 ,,keeton4 ,judge ( ! ,p>i% ( ,concordia ,f ! ,arkansas ,advocate1 ,may #bb1 #ahcg4 ,by virtue ( a ,de$ ( ,tru/1 execut$ to me1 ,i w sell at public auction at ,fi%]'s ,prairie1 ,arkansas1 sixty ,,likely ,,negroes1 consi/+ ( ,m51 ,wom51 ,boys & ,girls1 ! mo/ ( :om are ,,well ,,acclimat$4 ,,gr&ison ,d4 ,,roy/on1 ,tru/ee4 ,f ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,feb4 #i1 #ahch4 ,,valuable ,,acclimat$ ,,negroes ,w be sold on ,saturday1 #aj? in/4 at #ab o'clock1 at ! city ex*ange1 ,/4 ,l\is /reet4 ,!n foll[s a description ( ! slaves1 clos+ ) ! same ass]tion1 :i* =ms ! caption ( ! adv]tisem5t ,,all ,,acclimat$4 ,g5]al ,felix ,h\/on1 ( ,nat*ez1 adv]tises 9 ! ,nat*ez ,c\ri]1 ,april #f1 #ahch1 ,?irty five v f9e acclimat$ ,negroes4 ,)\t ins]t+ m adv]tisem5ts1 suffice x to say1 t :5 slaves are adv]tis$ = sale or hire1 9 ! l[] s\!rn c\ntry1 if !y are natives1 or h liv$ 9 t region long en\gh to become acclimat$1 x is inv>iably /at$4 ,b we are n left to conjecture ! am\nt ( suff]+ exp]i5c$ by slaves f ! nor? 9 und]go+ ! sev]e process ( 'season+' to ! climate1 or 'acclimation' ,a writ] 9 ! ,new ,orleans ,argus1 ,septemb]1 #ahcj1 9 an article on ! culture ( ! sug> cane1 says2 ',! loss by dea? 9 br++ slaves f a nor!rn climate1 :i* our plant]s are "u ! necessity ( do+1 is n less ?an ,,tw5ty-,,five ,,p] ,,c5t4' ,no?)/&+ ! imm5se am\nt ( suff]+ endur$ 9 ! process ( acclimation1 & ! fe>ful wa/e ( life1 & ! notoriety ( ?is fact1 /ill ! 'public op9ion' ( ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 ,delaw>e1 ,k5tucky1 ,miss\ri1 c4 annually ,,drives to ! f> s\?1 ?\s&s ( _! slaves to und]go ^! suff]+s1 & ! 'public op9ion1' ( ! f> s\? buys !m1 & =ces ! helpless victims to endure !m4 ,,! ',,protection' ,,v\*saf$ ,,by ',,public ,,op9ion1' ,,to ,,lib]ty4 ,?is is %[n by hundr$s ( adv]tisem5ts 9 s\!rn pap]s1 l ! foll[+3 ,f ! ,mobile ,regi/]1 ,july #ba4 #ahcg4 ,,w ,,be ,,sold ,,*eap ,,= ,,ca%1 9 front ( ! ,c\rt ,h\se ( ,mobile ,c\nty1 on ! #bb;d day ( ,july next1 "o mulatto man nam$ ,,h5ry ,,hall1 ,,:o ,,says ,,he ,,is ,,free2 8 own] or own]s1 if any1 hav+ fail$ to dem& him1 he is to be sold accord+ to ! /atute 9 su* cases made & provid$1 to pay ,jail fees4 ,,wm4 ,,magee1 ,%'ff ,m4,c4 ,f ! ,gr& ,gulf 7,miss47 ,adv]tis]1 ,dec4 #g1 #ahch4 ,,committ$ to ! jail ( ,*ickasaw ,co4 ,edmund1 ,m>?a1 ,john & ,l\isa2 ! man #ej1 ! woman #ce1 ,john #c ye>s old1 & ,l\isa #ad mon?s4 ,!y say !y are ,,free & 7 decoy$ to ?is /ate4 ,! ,s\!rn ,argus1 ( ,july #be1 #ahcg1 conta9s ! foll[+4 ,,ranaway f my plantation1 a negro boy nam$ ,william4 ,said boy 0 tak5 up by ,?omas ,walton1 & says he 0 free1 & t 8 p>5ts live ne> ,%awneet[n1 ,ill9ois1 & t he 0 tak5 f t place 9 ,july #ahcf2 says 8 fa!r's "n is ,william1 & 8 "m's ,sally ,br[n1 & t !y mov$ f ,fr$]icksburg1 ,virg9ia4 ,i w give tw5ty doll>s to any p]son :o w deliv] said boy to me or ,col4 ,byrn1 ,columbus4 ,,samuel ,h4 ,,byrn ,! fir/ ( ! foll[+ adv]tisem5ts 0 a /&+ "o1 9 ! ,vicksburg ,regi/]1 f ,dec4 #ahce till ,aug4 #ahcf4 ,! second adv]tises ! same ,,free man = sale4 ,,%]iff',s ,,sale ,,committ$1 to ! jail ( ,w>r5 c\nty1 z a ,runaway1 on ! #bc;d in/4 a ,negro man1 :o calls himself ,john ,j4 ,rob9son2 says t he is free1 says t he kept a bak]'s %op 9 ,columbus1 ,miss4 & t he p$dl$ ?r\gh ! ,*ickasaw nation to ,pontotoc1 & came to ,memphis1 :]e he sold 8 horse1 took wat]1 & came to ?is place4 ,! own] ( said boy is reque/$ to come =w>d1 prove prop]ty1 pay *>ges1 & take him away1 or he w be dealt ) z ! law directs4 ,,wm4 ,,ev]ett1 ,jail]4 ,dec4 #bd1 #ahce ,,notice is h]eby giv51 t ! above describ$ boy1 :o calls himself ,john ,j4 ,rob9son1 hav+ be5 conf9$ 9 ! ,jail ( ,w>r5 c\nty z a ,runaway1 = six mon?s--& hav+ be5 regul>ly adv]tis$ dur+ ?is p]iod1 ,i %all proce$ to sell said ,negro boy at public auction1 to ! highe/ bidd] = ca%1 at ! door ( ! ,c\rt ,h\se 9 ,vicksburg1 on ,monday1 #a/ day ( ,augu/1 #ahcf1 9 pursuance ( ! /atute 9 su* cases made & provid$4 ,e4 ,w4 ,,morris1 ,%]iff4 ,vicksburg1 ,july #b1 #ahcf4 ,see ,newborn 7,n4,c47 ,spectator1 ( ,jan4 #e1 #ahch1 = ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t4 ,,ranaway1 f ! subscrib] a negro man kn[n z ,frank ,pilot4 ,he is five feet eight in*es high1 d>k complexion1 & ab\t #ej ye>s old1 ,,has ,,be5 ,,free ,,s9ce #ahbi--;is n[ my prop]ty1 z heir at law ( 8 la/ own]1 ,samuel ,ral/on1 dec4 ,i w give ! above rew>d if he is tak5 & conf9$ 9 any jail s t ,i c get him4 ,,samuel ,,ral/on4 ,pactolus1 ,pitt ,c\nty4 ,f ! ,tuscaloosa 7,ala47 ,flag ( ! ,union1 ,june #g4 ,,committ$ to ! jail ( ,tuscaloosa c\nty1 a negro man1 :o says 8 "n is ,rob]t ,w9field1 & says he is free4 ,r4,w4 ,,b>b]1 ,jail]4 ,t public op9ion1 9 ! slave /ates af=ds no protection to ! lib]ty ( color$ p]sons1 ev5 aft] ^? p]sons become legally free1 by ! op]ation ( _! own laws1 is decl>$ by ,gov]nor ,comegys1 ( ,delaw>e1 9 8 rec5t address to ! ,legislature ( t /ate1 ,jan4 #ahci4 ,! ,gov]nor1 comm5t+ ^u ! law ( ! /ate :i* provides t p]sons convict$ ( c]ta9 crimes %all be sold z s]vants = a limit$ "t1 says1 ,! case is widely diff]5t ) ! negro767 ,al?\gh ord]$ to be dispos$ ( z a s]vant = a t]m ( ye>s1 p]petual slav]y 9 ! s\? is 8 inevitable doom2 unless1 p]adv5ture1 age or disease may h r5d]$ him wor?less1 or "s resid5t ( ! ,/ate1 f motives ( b5evol5ce1 w pay = him ?ree or f\r times 8 intr9sic value4 ,x matt]s n = h[ %ort a "t he is ord]$ to be sold1 s t he c be c>ri$ f ! ,/ate4 ,once beyond its limits1 all *ance ( re/or$ fre$om is gone--= he is remov$ f> f ! rea* ( any te/imony to aid him 9 an ef=t to be releas$ f bondage1 :5 8 legal t]m ( s]vitude has expir$4 ,( ! _m color$ convicts sold out ( ! ,/ate1 x is believ$ none ev] return4 ,( c\rse !y are pur*as$ ) ! express view to _! transportation = life1 & br+ su* enorm\s prices z to prev5t all competition on ! "p ( ^? ( our citiz5s :o require _! s]vices1 & w\ld keep !m 9 ! ,/ate4 ,f ! ,memphis 7,t547 ,enquir]1 ,dec4 #bh1 #ahch4 #ej ,,rew>d4 ,ranaway1 f ! subscrib]1 on ,?ursday la/1 a negro man nam$ ,isaac1 #bb ye>s old1 ab\t #e feet #aj or #aa in*es high1 d>k complexion1 well made1 full face1 speaks quick1 & v correctly = a negro4 ,he 0 orig9ally f ,new-,york1 & no d\bt w attempt to pass himself z free4 ,i w give ! above rew>d = 8 appreh5sion & deliv]y1 or conf9em5t1 s t ,i obta9 him1 if tak5 out ( ! /ate1 or #cj if tak5 )9 ! /ate4 ,,jno4 ,,simpson4 ,memphis1 ,dec4 #bh4 ,m>k1 ) :at %ameless h>dihood ?is ,,jno4 ,,simpson1 tells ! public t he knew ,isaac ,wright 0 a free man6 ',,he ,,0 ,,orig9ally ,,f ,,new ,,york1' he tells u4 ,& yet he adds ) braz5 effront]y1 'he w attempt to pass himself z free4' ,?is ,isaac ,wright1 0 %ipp$ by a man nam$ ,lewis1 ( ,new ,b$=d1 ,massa*usetts1 & sold z a slave 9 ,new ,orleans4 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh sev]al h&s1 & be+ flogg$ ne>ly to dea?1 he made 8 escape1 & five days ago1 7,m>* #e17 return$ to 8 fri5ds 9 ,philadelphia4 ,f ! ,baltimore ,sun1 ,dec4 #bc1 #ahch4 ,,free ,,negroes--,m]ry ,ewall1 a ,,free ,,negro1 f ,virg9ia1 0 committ$ to jail1 at ,sn[ ,hill1 ,md4 la/ week1 = rema9+ 9 ! ,/ate long] ?an is all[$ by ! law ( #ahca4 ,! f9e 9 8 case am\nts to #bbe4 ,capril ,purnell1 a negro f ,delaw>e1 is n[ 9 jail 9 ! same place1 = a violation ( ! same act4 ,8 f9e am\nts to ,,f\r ,,?\s& ,,doll>s1 & he ,,w ,,be ,,sold ,,9 ,a ,,%ort ,,"t4 ,! foll[+ is ! decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 ( ,l\isiana1 9 ! case ( ,gomez vs4 ,bonneval1 ,m>t9's ,la4 ,reports1 #fef1 & ,:eel]'s ,law ( ,slav]y1 p4 #chj-a4 ,m>g9al rem>k ( ! ,compil]4--,a slave does n become free on 8 be+ illegally import$ into ! /ate4 ,p] ,cur4 ,d]bigny1 ,j4 ,! petition] is a negro 9 actual /ate ( slav]y2 he claims 8 fre$om1 & is b\nd to prove x4 ,9 8 attempt1 h[ev]1 to %[ t he 0 free be=e he 0 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry1 he has fail$1 s t 8 claim re/s entirely on ! laws prohibit+ ! introduction ( slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,t ! pla9tiff 0 import$ s9ce t prohibition does exi/ is a fact suffici5tly e/abli%$ by ! evid5ce4 ,:at "r he has acquir$ "u ! laws =bidd+ su* importation is ! only "q :i* we h to exam9e4 ,=m]ly1 :ile ! act divid+ ,l\isiana into two t]ritories 0 9 =ce 9 ?is c\ntry1 slaves introduc$ "h 9 contrav5tion to x1 7 fre$ by op]ation ( law2 b t act 0 m]g$ 9 ! legislative provisions :i* 7 subsequ5tly enact$ on ! subject ( importation ( slaves into ! ,unit$ ,/ates g5]ally4 ,"u ! n[ exi/+ laws1 ! individuals ?us import$ acquire no p]sonal "r1 !y are m]e passive be+s1 :o are dispos$ ( accord+ to ! w ( ! diff]5t /ate legislatures4 ,9 ?is c\ntry !y are to rema9 slaves1 & ,,to ,,be ,,sold ,,= ,,! ,,b5efit ,,( ,,! ,,/ate4 ,! pla9tiff1 !re=e1 has no?+ to claim z a freeman2 & z to a m]e *ange ( ma/]1 %\ld su* be 8 wi%1 he _c be li/5$ to 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,extract f a spee* ( ,mr4 ,?omson ( ,p5n4 9 ,congress1 ,m>* #a1 #ahbf1 on ! prisons 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,i visit$ ! prisons twice t ,i might myself asc]ta9 ! tru?4 99 99 ,9 "o ( ^! cells 7b eight feet squ>e17 7 conf9$ at t "t1 sev5 p]sons1 ?ree wom5 & f\r *ildr54 ,! *ildr5 7 conf9$ "u a /range sy/em ( law 9 ?is ,di/rict1 by :i* a color$ p]son :o alleges ,,he ,,is ,,free1 & appeals to ! tribunals ( ! c\ntry1 to h ! matt] tri$1 is ,,committ$ ,,to ,,prison1 till ! decision takes place4 ,!y 7 almo/ nak$--"o ( !m 0 sick1 ly+ on ! damp brick floor1 )\t b$1 pill[1 or cov]+4 ,9 ?is abom9able cell1 sev5 human be+s 7 conf9$ day by day1 & night aft] night1 )\t a b$1 *air1 or /ool1 or any o!r ( ! mo/ common necess>ies ( life4--,gales' ,congressional ,debates1 v4#b1 p4 #adhj4 ,! foll[+ facts s]ve to %[1 t ! pres5t g5]ation ( slavehold]s d b foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( _! fa!rs1 9 _! zeal = ,,lib]ty4 ,extract f a docum5t submitt$ by ! ,committee ( ! ye>ly meet+ ( ,fri5ds 9 ,philadelphia1 to ! ,committee ( ,congress1 to :om 0 ref]r$ ! memorial ( ! p call$ ,quak]s1 9 #agig4 ,9 ! latt] "p ( ! ye> #aggf1 sev]al ( ! p call$ ,quak]s1 resid+ 9 ! c\nties ( ,p]quimans & ,pasquotank1 9 ! /ate ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 lib]at$ _! negroes1 z x 0 !n cle> !re 0 no exi/+ law to prev5t _! s do+2 = ! law ( #agda c\ld n at t "t be c>ri$ into effect2 & !y 7 suff]$ to rema9 free1 until a law pass$1 9 ! spr+ ( #aggg1 "u :i* !y 7 tak5 up & sold1 contr>y to ! ,bill ( ,rights1 recogniz$ 9 ! con/itution ( t /ate1 z a "p !re(1 & to :i* x 0 annex$4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aggg1 :5 ! ,g5]al ,assembly met = ! fir/ "t1 a law 0 enact$ to prev5t slaves f be+ emancipat$1 except = m]itori\s s]vices1 c4 to be judg$ ( by ! c\nty c\rts or ! g5]al assembly2 & ord]+1 t if any %\ld be manumitt$ 9 any o!r way1 !y be tak5 up1 & ! c\nty c\rts )9 ^: jurisdictions !y are appreh5d$ %\ld ord] !m to be sold4 ,"u ?is law ! c\nty c\rts ( ,p]quimans & ,pasquotank1 9 ! ye> #aggg1 ord]$ ,a ,,l>ge ,,numb] ,,( ,,p]sons ,,to ,,be ,,sold1 ,,:o ,,7 ,,free ,,at ,,! ,,"t ,,! ,,law ,,0 ,,made4 ,9 ! ye> #aggh sev]al ( ^? cases 71 by c]tior>i1 br\ght be=e ! sup]ior c\rt = ! di/rict ( ,ed5torn1 :]e ! decisions ( ! c\nty c\rts 7 rev]s$1 ! sup]ior c\rt decl>+1 t said c\nty c\rts1 9 su* _! proce$+s1 h exce$$ _! jurisdiction1 violat$ ! rights ( ! subject1 & act$ 9 direct opposition to ! ,bill ( ,rights ( ?is /ate1 consid]$ ju/ly z "p ( ! con/itution !re(2 by giv+ to a law1 n int5d$ to affect ?is case1 a retrospective op]ation1 !reby to deprive free m5 ( ?is /ate ( _! lib]ty1 contr>y to ! laws ( ! l&4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is decree sev]al ( ! negroes 7 aga9 set at lib]ty2 b ! next ,g5]al ,assembly1 e>ly 9 #aggi1 pass$ a law1 :]e9 !y m5tion1 t d\bts h aris51 :e!r ! pur*as]s ( su* slaves h a good & legal title !reto1 & ,,confirm ! same2 "u :i* !y 7 aga9 tak5 up by ! pur*as]s & r$uc$ to slav]y4 ,! numb] ( p]sons ?us re-enslav$ 0 #acd4 ,! foll[+ are ! decrees ( ! ,c\rts1 ord]+ ! sale ( ^? freem53-- ,p]quimans ,c\nty1 ,july t]m1 at ,h>t=d1 ,a4,d4 #aggg4 ,^! may c]tify1 t x 0 !n & !re ord]$1 t ! %]iff ( ! c\nty1 to-morr[ morn+1 at t5 o'clock1 expose to sale1 to ! highe/ bidd]1 = ready money1 at ! c\rt-h\se door1 ! sev]al negroes tak5 up z free1 & 9 8 cu/ody1 agreeable to law4 ,te/4 ,,wm4 ,,sk9n]1 ,cl]k4 ,a true copy1 #be? ,augu/1 #agia4 ,te/4 ,j4 ,,h>vey1 ,cl]k4 ,pasquotank ,c\nty1 ,septemb] ,c\rt1 c4 c4 #aggg4 ,pres5t1 ! ,wor%ipful ,?omas ,boyd1 ,timo?y ,hickson1 ,john ,pael91 ,edmund ,clancey1 ,joseph ,read+1 & ,?omas ,rees1 ,esqrs4 ,ju/ices4 ,x 0 !n & !re ord]$1 t ,?omas ,read+1 ,esq4 take ! ,,free negroes tak5 up "u an act to prev5t dome/ic insurrections & o!r purposes1 & expose ! same to ! be/ bidd]1 at public v5due1 = ready money1 & be acc\ntable = ! same1 agreeable to ! a=esaid act2 & make return to ?is or ! next succe$+ c\rt ( 8 proce$+s4 ,a copy4 ,,eno* ,,reese1 ,c4,c4 ,,! ,,protection ,,( ,,public ,,op9ion ,,to ,,dome/ics ,,ties4 ,! b>b>\s indiff]5ce ) :i* slavehold]s reg>d ! =cible sund]+ ( husb&s & wives1 p>5ts & *ildr51 bro!rs & si/]s1 & ! unfeel+ brutality indicat$ by ! language 9 :i* !y describe ! ef=ts made by ! slaves1 9 _! ye>n+s aft] ^? f :om !y h be5 torn away1 reveals a 'public op9ion' t[>ds !m z dead to _! agony z if !y 7 cattle4 ,x is well nigh impossible to op5 a s\!rn pap] )\t f9d+ evid5ce ( ?is4 ,?\gh ! tru? ( ?is ass]tion c h>dly be call$ 9 "q1 we subjo9 a few illu/rations1 & c\ld easily give hundr$s4 ,f ! ,savannah ,georgian1 ,jan4 #ag1 #ahci4 #ajj rew>d w be giv5 = my two fell[s1 ,abram & ,frank4 ,abram has a wife at ,colonel ,/ew>t's1 9 ,lib]ty c\nty1 & a si/] 9 ,savannah1 at ,capt4 ,grov5/9e's4 ,frank has a wife at ,mr4 ,le ,cont's1 ,lib]ty c\nty2 a "m at ,?und]bolt1 & a si/] 9 ,savannah4 ,,wm4 ,,rob>ts4 ,wallh\rville1 #e? ,jan4 #ahci ,f ! ,lex+ton 7,ky47 ,intellig5c]4 ,july #g1 #ahch4 #afj ,rew>d4--,ranaway f ! subscrib]s liv+ 9 ?is city1 on ,saturday #af? in/4 a negro man1 nam$ ,dick1 ab\t #cg ye>s ( age4 ,x is highly probable said boy w make = ,new ,orleans z he has a wife liv+ 9 t city1 & he has be5 he>d to say frequ5tly t he 0 det]m9$ to g to ,new ,orleans4 ,,drake ,c4 ,,?ompson4 ,lex+ton1 ,june #ag1 #ahch ,f ! ,s\!rn ,argus1 ,oct4 #ca1 #ahcg4 ,runaway--my negro man1 ,fr$]ick1 ab\t #bj ye>s ( age4 ,he is no d\bt ne> ! plantation ( ,g4,w4 ,corprew1 ,esq ( ,noxubbee ,c\nty1 ,mississippi1 z 8 wife belongs to t g5tleman1 & he foll[$ h] f my resid5ce4 ,! above rew>d w be paid to any "o :o w conf9e him 9 jail & in=m me ( x at ,a!ns1 ,ala4 ,a!ns1 ,alabama4 ,,k]kman ,,lewis4 ,f ! ,savannah ,georgian1 ,july #h1 #ahcg4 ,ran away f ! subscrib]1 8 man ,joe4 ,he visits ! city occasionally1 :]e he has be5 h>bor$ by 8 "m & si/]4 ,i w give "o hundr$ doll>s = pro( suffici5t to convict 8 h>bor]s4 ,r4,p4,t4 ,,mong94 ,! ,macon 7,georgia7 ,mess5g]1 ,nov4 #bc1 #ahcg1 has ! foll[+3-- #be ,rew>d4--,ran away1 a negro man1 nam$ ,ca94 ,he 0 br\ght f ,florida1 & has a wife ne> ,m>iana1 & probably w attempt to make 8 way !re4 ,h4,l4 ,,cook4 ,f ! ,ri*mond 7,va47 ,:ig1 ,july #be1 #ahcg4 ,abscond$ f ! subscrib]1 a negro man1 by ! "n ( ,wilson4 ,he 0 born 9 ! c\nty ( ,new ,k5t1 & rais$ by a g5tleman nam$ ,ratliffe1 & by him sold to a g5tleman nam$ ,taylor1 on ^: f>m he _h a wife & sev]al *ildr54 ,mr4 ,taylor sold him to a ,mr4 ,slat]1 :o1 9 consequ5ce ( remov+ to ,alabama1 ,wilson left2 & :5 retak5 0 sold1 & aft]w>ds pur*as$1 by 8 pres5t own]1 f ,t4 ,mc,cargo & ,co4 ( ,ri*mond4 ,f ! ,savannah 7,ga4 7 ,republican1 ,sept4 #c1 #ahch4 #bj ,rew>d = my negro man ,jim4--,jim is ab\t #ej or #ee ye>s ( age4 ,x is probable he w aim = ,savannah1 z he said he _h *ildr5 9 t vic9ity4 ,j4,g4 ,,ow5s4 ,b>nwell ,di/rict1 ,s4,c4 ,f ! ,/aunton 7,va47 ,spectator1 ,jan4 #c1 #ahci4 ,runaway1 ,jesse4--,he has a wife1 :o belongs to ,mr4 ,john ,ruff1 ( ,lex+ton1 ,rockbridge c\nty1 & he may probably be lurk+ 9 t neighborhood4 ,,moses ,mc,c,u,e4 ,f ! ,augu/a 7,georgia7 ,*ronicle1 ,july #aj1 #ahcg4 #abj ,rew>d = my negro ,*>lotte4 ,%e is ab\t #bj ye>s old4 ,%e 0 pur*as$ "s mon?s pa/ f ,mr4 ,?omas4 ,j4 ,walton1 ( ,augu/a1 by ,?omas ,w4 ,oliv]2 &1 z h] "m & acqua9tances live 9 t city1 x is v likely %e is h>bor$ by "s ( !m4 ,,m>?a ,,oliv]4 ,f ! ,raleigh 7,n4,c47 ,regi/]1 ,july #ah1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 a negro man nam$ ,jim1 ! prop]ty ( ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,:itfield4 ,he has a wife at ! late ,h>dy ,jones'1 & may probably be lurk+ 9 t neighborhood4 ,,john ,o',,rorke4 ,f ! ,ri*mond 7,va47 ,compil]1 ,sept4 #h1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 ,b54 ,he ran (f )\t any kn[n cause1 & ,i suppose he is aim+ to g to 8 wife1 :o 0 c>ri$ f ! neighborhood la/ w9t]4 ,,john ,,hunt4 ,f ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,m]cury1 ,aug4 #a1 #ahcg4 ,abscond$ f ,mr4 ,e4,d4 ,bailey1 on ,wadmalaw1 8 negro man1 nam$ ,saby4 ,said fell[ 0 pur*as$ 9 ,janu>y1 f ,francis ,dick9son1 ( ,/4 ,paul's p>i%1 & is probably n[ 9 t neighborhood1 :]e he has a wife4 ,,?omas ,n4 ,,gadsd54 ,f ! ,portsm\? 7,va47 ,times1 ,augu/ #c1 #ahch4 #ej doll>s ,rew>d w be giv5 = ! appreh5sion ( my negro man ,isaac4 ,he has a wife at ,james ,m4 ,riddick's1 ( ,gates c\nty1 ,n4,c4 :]e he may probably be lurk+4 ,c4 ,,mill]4 ,f ! ,savannah 7,georgia7 ,republican4 ,may #bd1 #ahch4 #dj ,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib] 9 ,savannah1 8 negro girl ,patsey4 ,%e 0 pur*as$ among ! gang ( negroes1 kn[n z ! ,h>greave's e/ate4 ,%e is no d\bt lurk+ ab\t ,lib]ty c\nty1 at :i* place %e has relatives4 ,,edw>d ,,h\/\n1 ( ,florida ,f ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,c\ri]1 ,june #bi1 #ahcg4 #bj ,rew>d w be paid = ! appreh5sion & deliv]y1 at ! workh\se 9 ,*>le/on1 ( a mulatto woman1 nam$ ,ida4 ,x is probable %e may h made h] way into ,georgia1 :]e %e has connections4 ,,mat!w ,,muggridge4 ,f ! ,norfolk 7,va47 ,beacon1 ,m>* #ca1 #ahch4 ,! subscrib] w give #bj = ! appreh5sion ( 8 negro woman1 ,m>ia1 :o ran away ab\t twelve mon?s s9ce4 ,%e is kn[n to be lurk+ 9 or ab\t ,*uckatu*1 9 ! c\nty ( ,nansemond1 :]e %e has a husb&1 & =m]ly belong$4 ,,pet] ,,oneill4 ,f ! ,macon 7,georgia7 ,mess5g]1 ,jan4 #af1 #ahci4 ,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 two negroes1 ,davis1 a man ab\t #de ye>s old2 also ,peggy1 8 wife1 ne> ! same age4 ,said negroes w probably make _! way to ,columbia c\nty1 z !y h *ildr5 liv+ 9 t c\nty4 ,i w lib]ally rew>d any p]son :o may deliv] !m to me4 ,,nehemiah ,,k+4 ,f ! ,pet]sburg 7,va47 ,con/ellation1 ,june #bg1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 a negro man1 nam$ ,pet]4 ,he has a wife at ! plantation ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,haws1 ne> ,suffolk1 :]e x is suppos$ he is /ill lurk+4 ,,john ,l4 ,,dunn4 ,f ! ,ri*mond 7,va47 ,:ig1 ,dec4 #g1 #agci4 ,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 a negro man1 nam$ ,john ,lewis4 ,x is suppos$ t he is lurk+ ab\t 9 ,new ,k5t c\nty1 :]e he pr(esses to h a wife4 ,,hill ,,jones1 ,ag5t = ,r4,f4 ,p4 ,railroad ,co4 ,f ! ,r$ ,riv] 7,la47 ,:ig1 ,june #b;d1 #ahch4 ,ran away f ! subscrib]1 a mulatto woman1 nam$ ,m>ia4 ,x is probable %e may be f\nd 9 ! neighborhood ( ,mr4 ,jesse ,bynum's plantation1 :]e %e has relations1 c4 ,,?omas ,j4 ,,wells4 ,f ! ,lex+ton 7,ky47 ,obs]v] & ,report]1 ,sept4 #bh1 #ahch4 #ej ,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]1 a negro girl1 nam$ ,m>ia4 ,%e is ( a copp] color1 betwe5 #ac & #ad ye>s ( age--b>e head$ & b>e foot$4 ,%e is small ( h] age--v sprightly & v likely4 ,%e /at$ %e 0 go+ to see h] "m at ,maysville4 ,,san=d ,,?omson4 ,f ! ,jackson 7,t5n47 ,telegraph1 ,sept4 #ad1 #ahch4 ,committ$ to ! jail ( ,madison c\nty1 a negro woman1 :o calls h] "n ,fanny1 & says %e belongs to ,william ,mill]1 ( ,mobile4 ,%e =m]ly belong$ to ,john ,giv9s1 ( ?is c\nty1 :o n[ owns sev]al ( h] *ildr54 ,,david ,,%rop%ire1 ,jailor4 ,f ! ,norfolk 7,va47 ,beacon1 ,july #c;d1 #ahch4 ,runaway f my plantation bel[ ,ed5ton1 my negro man1 ,nelson4 ,he has a "m liv+ at ,mr4 ,james ,goodw9's1 9 ,ballahack1 ,p]quimans c\nty2 & two bro!rs1 "o belong+ to ,job ,p>k]1 & ! o!r to ,josiah ,c(field4 ,,wm4 ,d4 ,,rascoe4 ,f ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,c\ri]1 ,jan4 #ab1 #ahch4 #ajj ,rew>d4--,run away f ! subscrib]1 8 negro fell[1 ,john4 ,he is well kn[n ab\t ! city z "o ( my bread c>ri]s3 has a wife liv+ at ,mrs4 ,we/on's1 on ,hemp/ead4 ,john =m]ly belong$ to ,mrs4 ,moor1 ne> ,/4 ,paul's *ur*1 :]e 8 "m /ill lives1 & has be5 h>bor$ by h] be=e4 ,,john ,t4 ,,m>%all4 #fj1 ,tradd /reet4 ,f ! ,newb]n 7,n4,c47 ,s5t9el1 ,m>* #ag1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 ,moses1 a black fell[1 ab\t #dj ye>s ( age--has a wife 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,,?omas ,,bragg1 ,s54 ,w>r5ton1 ,n4,c4 ,f ! ,ri*mond 7,va47 ,:ig1 ,june #cj1 #ahcg4 ,ranaway1 my man ,pet]4--,he has a si/] & "m 9 ,new ,k5t1 & a wife ab\t fifte5 or eighte5 miles above ,ri*mond1 at or ab\t ,taylorsville4 ,,!o4 ,a4 ,,lacy4 ,f ! ,new ,orleans ,bullet91 ,feb4 #g1 #ahch4 ,ranaway1 my negro ,philip1 ag$ ab\t #dj ye>s4--,he may h gone to ,/4 ,l\is1 z he has a wife !re4 ,w4,g4 ,,cl>k1 #gj ,new ,levee4 ,f ! ,georgian1 ,jan4 #bi1 #ahch4 ,a ,rew>d ( #e w be paid = ! appreh5sion ( 8 negro woman1 ,diana4 ,diana is f #de to #ej age4 ,%e =m]ly belong$ to ,mr4 ,na?4 ,law1 ( ,lib]ty c\nty1 :]e h] husb& /ill lives4 ,%e w endeavor to g !re p]haps4 ,d4 ,o',,byrne4 ,f ! ,ri*mond 7,va47 ,enquir]1 ,feb4 #bj1 #ahch4 #aj ,rew>d = a negro woman1 nam$ ,sally1 #dj ye>s old4 ,we h j reason to believe ! said negro to be n[ lurk+ on ! ,james ,riv] ,canal1 or 9 ! ,gre5 ,spr+ neighborhood1 :]e1 we are in=m$1 h] husb& resides4 ,! above rew>d w be giv5 to any p]son secur+ h]4 ,,polly ,c4 ,,%ields4 ,m\nt ,elba1 ,feb4 #ai1 #ahch4 #ej ,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]1 8 negro man ,pauladore1 commonly call$ ,paul4 ,i und]/& ,,g54 ,r4,y4 ,,hayne has pur*as$ 8 wife & *ildr5 f ,h4,l4 ,,p9ckney1 ,esq4 & has !m n[ on 8 plantation at ,goosecreek1 :]e1 no d\bt1 ! fell[ is frequ5tly lurk+4 ,t4 ,,davis4 #be ,rew>d4--,ran away f ! subscrib]1 a negro woman1 nam$ ,matilda4 ,x is ?\ght %e may be some:]e up ,james ,riv]1 z %e 0 claim$ z a wife by "s boatman 9 ,goo*l&4 ,j4 ,,alvis4 ,/op ! ,runaway666--#be ,rew>d4 ,ranaway f ! ,eagle ,tav]n1 a negro fell[1 nam$ ,nat4 ,he is no d\bt attempt+ to foll[ 8 wife1 :o 0 lately sold to a speculator nam$ ,r$mond4 ,! above rew>d w be paid by ,mrs4 ,lucy ,m4 ,d[nman1 ( ,sussex c\nty1 ,va4 ,multitudes ( adv]tisem5ts l ! above appe> annually 9 ! s\!rn pap]s4 ,read]1 look at ! prec$+ li/--m>k ! unfeel+ b>b>ity ) :i* _! ma/]s & mi/resses describe ! /ruggles & p]ils ( sund]$ husb&s & wives1 p>5ts & *ildr51 9 _! we>y midnight travels ?r\gh =e/s & riv]s1 ) torn limbs & break+ he>ts1 seek+ ! embraces ( ea* o!r's love4 ,9 "o in/ance1 a "m torn f all h] *ildr5 & tak5 to a remote "p ( ano!r /ate1 presses h] way back ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 hundr$s ( miles1 to clasp once m h] *ildr5 to h] he>t3 b1 :5 %e has arriv$ )9 a few miles ( !m1 9 ! same c\nty1 is discov]$1 seiz$1 dragg$ to jail1 & h] pur*as] told1 ?r\gh an adv]tisem5t1 t %e awaits 8 ord]4 ,b we ne$ n trace out ! h>r[+ details already be=e ! read]4 ,rev4 ,c4,s4 ,,r5%aw1 ( ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 :o resid$ "s "t 9 ,k5tucky1 says2-- ,i 0 told ! foll[+ fact by a "y lady1 daught] ( a slavehold] 9 ,boone c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 :o liv$ )9 half a mile ( ,mr4 ,hughes' f>m4 ,hughes & ,neil trad$ 9 slaves d[n ! riv]3 !y _h b\ght up a "p ( _! /ock 9 ! upp] c\nties ( ,k5tucky1 & br\ght !m d[n to ,l\isville1 :]e ! rema9d] ( _! drove 0 9 jail1 wait+ _! arrival4 ,j be=e ! /eamboat put (f = ! l[] c\ntry1 two negro wom5 7 (f]$ = sale1 ea* ( !m hav+ a "y *ild at ! brea/4 ,! trad]s b\ght !m1 took _! babes f _! arms1 & (f]$ !m to ! highe/ bidd]2 & !y 7 sold = "o doll> apiece1 :il/ ! /rick5 p>5ts 7 driv5 on bo>d ! boat2 & 9 an h\r 7 on _! way to ! ,new ,orleans m>ket4 ,y are aw>e t a "y babe decreases ! value ( a field h& 9 ! l[] c\ntry1 :il/ x increases h] value 9 ! 'bre$+ /ates4' ,! foll[+ is an extract f an address1 publi%$ by ! ,presbyt]ian ,synod ( ,k5tucky1 to ! *ur*es "u _! c>e1 9 #ahce3-- ,bro!rs & si/]s1 p>5ts & *ildr51 husb&s & wives1 are torn asund]1 & p]mitt$ to see ea* o!r no m4 ,^! acts are ,,daily occurr+ 9 ! mid/ ( u4 ,! %rieks & ! agony1 (t5 witness$ on su* occasions1 proclaim1 ) a trumpet tongue1 ! iniquity ( our sy/em4 ,!re is n a neighborhood :]e ^! he>t-r5d+ sc5es are n display$4 ,!re is n a village or road t does n behold ! sad procession ( manacl$ outca/s1 ^: m\rnful c\nt5ances tell t !y are exil$ by =ce f ,,all ,,t ,,_! ,,he>ts ,,hold ,,de>4--,address1 p4 #ab4 ,pr(essor ,,&rews1 late ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 8 rec5t "w on ,slav]y & ! ,slave ,trade1 page #adg1 9 relat+ a conv]sation ) a slave-trad]1 :om he met ne> ,wa%+ton ,city1 says1 he inquir$1 ',d y (t5 buy ! wife )\t ! husb&8' ',yes1 ,,v ,,(t52 & ,,frequ5tly1 too1 !y sell me ! "m :ile !y keep h] *ildr54 ,i h (t5 kn[n !m take away ! infant f its "m's brea/1 & keep x1 :ile !y sold h]4' ,! foll[+ sale is adv]tis$ 9 ! ,georgia ,j\rnal1 ,jan1 #b1 #ahch4 ,w be sold1 ! foll[+ ,,prop]ty1 to wit3 ,"o ---- ,,*ild1 by ! "n ( ,james1 ab\t eight mon?s old1 levi$ on z ! prop]ty ( ,gabriel ,gunn4 ,! foll[+ is a /&+ adv]tisem5t 9 ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 pap]s3-- #abj ,negroes = ,sale--,! subscrib] has j arriv$ f ,pet]sburg1 ,virg9ia1 ) "o hundr$ & tw5ty likely "y negroes ( bo? sexes & e description1 :i* he (f]s = sale on ! mo/ reasonable t]ms4 ,! lot n[ on h& consi/s ( pl\gh boys sev]al likely & well-qualifi$ h\se s]vants ( bo? sexes1 sev]al wom5 ) *ildr51 small girls suitable = nurses1 & sev]al ,,small ,,boys ,,)\t ,,_! ,,mo!rs4 ,plant]s & trad]s are e>ne/ly reque/$ to give ! subscrib] a call previ\sly to mak+ pur*ases else:]e1 z he is enabl$ & w sell z *eap1 or *eap]1 ?an c be sold by any o!r p]son 9 ! trade4 ,,b5jam9 ,,davis4 ,hamburg1 ,s4,c4 ,sept4 #bh1 #ahch4 ,extract ,( a lett] to a memb] ( ,congress f a fri5d 9 ,mississippi1 publi%$ 9 ! ,wa%+ton ,globe1 ,june1 #ahcg4 ,! times are truly al>m+ "h4 ,_m plantations are entirely /ripp$ ( negroes 7protection67 & horses1 by ! m>%al or %]iff4--,suits are multiply+--two ?\s& five hundr$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,circuit ,c\rt1 & ?ree ?\s& 9 ,h9ds ,c\nty ,c\rt4 ,te/imony ( ,,mr4 ,,silas ,,/one1 ( ,hudson1 ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,/one is a memb] ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur*1 has sev]al times be5 elect$ an ,assessor ( ! city ( ,hudson1 & = ?ree ye>s has fill$ ! (fice ( ,treasur] ( ! ,c\nty4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahjg1 ,mr4 ,/one witness$ a sale ( slaves1 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :i* he ?us describes 9 a communication rec5tly receiv$ f him4 ,i saw droves ( ! poor fell[s driv5 to ! slave m>kets kept 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! city1 "o ( :i* ,i visit$4 ,! arrangem5ts ( ?is place appe>$ some?+ l our nor!rn horse-m>kets1 hav+ %$s1 or b>ns1 9 ! re> ( a public h\se1 :]e alcohol 0 a h&y +r$i5t to /imulate ! _s ( jockey+4 ,z ! trad]s appe>$1 lots ( negroes 7 br\ght f ! /ables into ! b> room1 & by a fl\ri% ( ! :ip 7 made to assume an active appe>ance4 ',:at w y give = ^! fell[s8' ',h[ old are !y8 ',are !y heal?y8' ',are !y quick8' c4 at ! same "t ! own] w\ld give !m a cut ) a c[hide1 & tell !m to dance & jump1 curs+ & swe>+ at !m if !y did n move quick4 ,9 fact all ! transactions 9 buy+ & sell+ slaves1 p>takes ( jockey-%ip1 z mu* z buy+ & sell+ horses4 ,!re 0 z little reg>d paid to ! feel+s ( ! =m] z we witness 9 ! latt]4 ,f ^! sc5es ,i turn to ano!r1 :i* took place 9 front ( ! noble ',ex*ange ,build+s1' 9 ! he>t ( ! city4 ,on ! left side ( ! /eps1 z y leave ! ma9 hall1 imm$iately "u ! w9d[s ( t pr\d build+1 0 a /age built1 on :i* a "m ) eight *ildr5 7 plac$1 & sold at auction4 ,i wat*$ _! emotions closely1 & saw _! feel+s 7 9 accordance to human nature4 ,! sale began ) ! elde/ *ild1 :o1 be+ /ruck (f to ! highe/ bidd]1 0 tak5 f ! /age or plat=m by ! pur*as]1 & l$ to 8 wagon & /[$ away1 to be c>ri$ into ! c\ntry2 ! second1 & ?ird 7 also sold1 & s until sev5 ( ! *ildr5 7 torn f _! "m1 :ile h] disc]nm5t told h] !y 7 to be sep>at$ probably =ev]1 caus+ 9 t "m ! mo/ agoniz+ sobs & cries1 9 :i* ! *ildr5 seem$ to %>e4 ,! sc5e begg>s description2 suffice x to say1 x 0 suffici5t to cause te>s f "o at lea/ '^: sk9 0 n color$ l _! own1' & ,i 0 n a%am$ to give v5t to !m4 ,,! ,,protection ,,af=d$ ,,by ,,public ,,op9ion ,,to ,,*ildhood ,,& ,,old ,,age4 ,9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,may #ca1 #ahcg1 ,,mr4 ,p4 ,,bahi1 gives notice t he has committ$ to ,,jail z a runaway 'a little negro ,,ag$ ,,ab\t ,,sev5 ,,ye>s4' ,9 ! ,mobile ,adv]tis]1 ,sept4 #ac1 #ahch1 ,,william ,,magee1 ,%]iff1 gives notice t ,george ,walton1 ,esq4 ,mayor ( ! city has committ$ to ,,jail z a runaway slave1 ,jordan1 ,,ab\t ,,twelve ,,ye>s ,,old1 & ! ,%]iff proce$s to give notice t if no "o claims him ! boy w be sold z a slave to pay jail fees4 ,9 ! ,memphis 7,t5n47 ,gazette1 ,may #b1 #ahcg1 ,w4,h4 ,,montgom]y adv]tises t he w sell at auction a ,,boy ,,ag$ #ad1 ,,ano!r ,,ag$ #ab1 ,,& ,a ,,girl #aj1 to pay ! debts ( _! deceas$ ma/]4 ,b4,f4 ,,*apman1 ,%]iff1 ,nat*ito*es 7,la47 adv]tises 9 ! ',h]ald1' ( ,may #ag1 #ahcg1 t he has committ$ to ,,jail1 z a runaway a negro boy ,,betwe5 #aa ,,& #ab ,,ye>s ,,( ,,age4 ,9 ! ,augu/a 7,ga47 ,*ronicle1 ,feb4 #ac1 #ahch4 ,r4,h4 ,,jones1 jailor1 says1 ,br\ght to jail a negro woman ,s>ah1 %e is ab\t #fj or #fe ye>s old4 ,9 ! ,w9*e/] ,virg9ian1 ,augu/ #h1 #ahcg1 ,mr4 ,r4,h4 ,,m5ifee1 (f]s t5 doll>s rew>d to any "o :o w cat* & lodge 9 jail1 ,abram & ,nelly1 ab\t #fj ye>s old1 s t he c get !m aga94 ,j4 ,,sn[d51 ,jailor1 ,columbia1 ,s4,c4 gives notice 9 ! ,telescope1 ,nov1 #ah1 #ahcg1 t he has committ$ to jail z a runaway slave1 ,c>ol9e fifty ye>s ( age4 ,y4,s4 ,,pick>d1 ,jailor1 ,savannah1 ,georgia1 gives notice 9 ! ,georgian1 ,june #bb1 #ahcg1 t he has tak5 up = a runaway & lodg$ 9 jail ,*>les1 #fj ye>s ( age4 ,9 ! ,savannah ,georgian1 ,april #ab1 #ahcg1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,,cuyl]1 says he w give five doll>s1 to anyone :o w cat* & br+ back to him ,saman1 an old negro man1 & grey1 & has only "o eye4 ,9 ! ,macon 7,ga47 ,telegraph1 ,jan4 #ae1 #ahci1 ,,messrs4 ,t4 ,,& ,l4 ,,napi]1 adv]tise = sale ,nancy1 a woman #fe ye>s ( age1 & ,peggy1 a woman #fe ye>s ( age4 ,! foll[+ is f ! ,columbian 7,ga47 ,enquir]1 ,m>* #h1 #ahch4 #be ,,rew>d4--,ranaway1 a ,negro ,woman nam$ ,,matilda1 ag$ ab\t #cj or #ce ye>s4 ,also1 on ! same night1 a ,negro ,fell[ ( small size1 ,,v ,,ag$1 /oop-%\ld]$1 :o walks ,,v ,,decrepidly1 is suppos$ to h gone (f4 ,8 "n is ,,dave1 & he has claim$ ,matilda = wife4 ,x may be !y h gone (f toge!r4 ,i w give tw5ty-five doll>s = ! woman1 deliv]$ to me 9 ,muscogee c\nty1 or conf9$ 9 any jail s t ,i c get h]4 ,,moses ,,butt4 ,j4,b4 ,,r&all1 ,jailor1 ,cobb 7,co47 ,georgia1 adv]tises an old negro man1 9 ! ,mill$geville ,record]1 ,nov4 #f1 #ahch4 ,a ,,negro ,,man1 has be5 lodg$ 9 ! common jail ( ?is c\nty1 :o says 8 "n is ,,jupit]4 ,he has lo/ all 8 front tee? above & bel[--speaks v indi/9ctly1 is v lame1 s t he c h>dly walk4 ,rev4 ,,*>les ,,/ew>t ,,r5%aw1 ( ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 :o sp5t "s "t 9 slave /ates1 speak+ ( 8 resid5ce 9 ,k5tucky1 says3-- ,"o ,sabba? morn+1 :il/ rid+ to meet+ ne> ,burl+ton1 ,boone ,co4 ,k5tucky1 9 company ) ,mr4 ,willis1 a tea*] ( sacr$ music & a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 ,i 0 />tl$ at m+l$ %\ts & screams1 proce$+ f an old log h\se1 "s di/ance f ! road side4 ,z we pass$ x1 "s five or six boys f #ab to #ae ye>s ( age1 came out1 "s ( !m crack+ :ips1 foll[$ by two color$ boys cry+4 ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,w4 :at ! sc5e meant4 ',oh1' he repli$1 '^? boys h be5 :ipp+ ! nigg]s2 t is ! way we br+ slaves into subjection 9 ,k5tucky--we let ! *ildr5 beat !m4' ,! boys return$ aga9 into ! h\se1 & aga9 _! %\t+ & /amp+ 0 he>d1 b ev] & anon a scream ( agony t w\ld n be dr[n$1 rose above ! upro>2 ?us !y cont9u$ till ! s\nds 7 lo/ 9 ! di/ance4 ,well did ,jeff]son say1 t ! *ildr5 ( slavehold]s are ',,nurs$1 ,,educat$1 ,,& ,,daily ,,ex]cis$ ,,9 ,,tyranny4' ,! 'protection' ?r[n ar\nd a "m's ye>n+s1 & ! helplessness ( *ildhood by ! 'public op9ion' ( slavehold]s1 is %[n by ?\s&s ( adv]tisem5ts ( :i* ! foll[+ are samples4 ,f ! ,new ,orleans ,bullet91 ,june #b4 ,,negroes ,,= ,,sale4--,a negro woman #ba ye>s ( age1 & has two *ildr51 "o eight & ! o!r ?ree ye>s4 ,said negroes w be sold ,,sep>ately or toge!r z desir$4 ,! woman is a good seam/ress4 ,%e w be sold l[ = ca%1 or ex*ang$ = ,,groc]ies4 ,= t]ms apply to ,,mayhew ,,bliss1 ,,co4 #a ,front ,levee4 ,f ! ,georgia ,j\rnal1 ,nov4 #g4 ,,to ,,be ,,sold--,"o negro girl ab\t #ah mon?s old1 belong+ to ! e/ate ( ,william ,*amb]s1 dec'd4 ,sold = ! purpose ( di/ribution66 ,,je?ro ,,dean1 ,,samuel ,,beall1 ,ex'ors4 ,f ! ,nat*ez ,c\ri]1 ,april #b1 #ahch4 ,,notice--,is h]eby giv5 t ! und]sign$ pursuant to a c]ta9 ,de$ ( ,tru/ w on ,?ursday ! #ab? day ( ,april next1 expose to sale at ! ,c\rt ,h\se1 to ! highe/ bidd] = ca%1 ! foll[+ ,negro slaves1 to wit2 ,fanny1 ag$ ab\t #bh ye>s2 ,m>y1 ag$ ab\t #g ye>s2 ,am&a1 ag$ ab\t #c mon?s2 ,wilson1 ag$ ab\t #i mon?s4 ,said slaves1 to be sold = ! satisfaction ( ! debt secur$ 9 said ,de$ ( ,tru/4 ,w4,j4 ,,m9or4 ,f ! ,mill$geville ,j\rnal1 ,dec4 #bf1 #ahcg4 ,,executor',s ,,sale4 ,agreeable to an ord] ( ! c\rt ( ,wilk9son c\nty1 w be sold on ! fir/ ,tuesday 9 ,april next1 be=e ! ,c\rt-h\se door 9 ! t[n ( ,irw+ton1 ,,"o ,,negro ,,girl ab\t two ye>s old1 nam$ ,ra*el1 belong+ to ! e/ate ( ,william ,*amb]s dec'd4 ,sold = ! b5efit ( ! heirs & cr$itors ( said e/ate4 ,,samuel ,,bell1 ,,jesse ,,peacock1 ,ex'ors4 ,f ! ,alex&ria 7,d4,c47 ,gazette ,dec4 #ai4 ,i w give ! highe/ ca% price = likely negroes1 f #aj to #be ye>s ( age4 ,,geo4 ,,keph>t4 ,f ! ,s\!rn ,:ig1 ,m>* #b1 #ahch4-- ,,w be sold 9 ,la ,grange1 ,tr\p c\nty1 "o negro girl1 by ! "n ( ,*>ity1 ag$ ab\t #aj or #ab ye>s2 z ! prop]ty ( ,littleton ,l4 ,burk1 to satisfy a mortgage fi4 fa4 f ,tr\p ,inf]ior ,c\rt1 9 favor ( ,daniel ,s4 ,rob]tson vs4 said ,burk4 ,f ! ,pet]sburgh 7,va47 ,con/ellation1 ,m>* #ah1 #ahcg4 #ej ,negroes want$ imm$iately4--,! subscrib] w give a good m>ket price = fifty likely negroes1 f #aj to #cj ye>s ( age4 ,,h5ry ,,davis4 ,! foll[+ is an extract ( a lett] f a g5tleman1 a native & /ill a resid5t ( "o ( ! slave /ates1 & /ill a slavehold]4 ,he is an eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 8 lett] is n[ be=e u1 & 8 "n is ) ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am4 ,anti-slav]y ,society4 ,p]mit me to say1 t ar\nd ?is v place :]e ,i reside1 slaves are br\ght almo/ con/antly1 & sold to ,miss4 & ,orleans2 t x is usual to "p families =ev] by su* sales--! p>5ts f ! *ildr5 & ! *ildr5 f ! p>5ts1 ( e size & age4 ,a "m 0 tak5 n long s9ce1 9 ?is t[n1 f a suck+ *ild1 & sold to ! l[] c\ntry4 ,?ree "y m5 ,i saw "s "t ago tak5 f ?is place 9 *a9s--:ile ! "m ( "o ( !m1 old & decrepid1 foll[$ ) te>s & pray]s h] son1 #ah or #bj miles1 & bid him a f9al f>ewell6 ,o1 ?\ ,great ,et]nal1 is ?is ju/ice6 is ?is equity66--,equal ,rights66 ,we subjo9 a few miscellane\s facts illu/rat+ ! ,,inhumanity ( slavehold+ 'public op9ion4' ,! %ock+ indiff]5ce manife/$ at ! dea? ( slaves z human be+s1 contra/$ ) ! grief at _! loss z prop]ty1 is a true index to ! public op9ion ( slavehold]s4 ,colonel ,oliv] ( ,l\isville1 lo/ a valuable race-horse by ! explosion ( ! /eam] ,oronoko1 a few mon?s s9ce on ! ,mississippi riv]4 ,eight human be+s :om he held z slaves 7 also kill$ by ! explosion4 ,!y 7 ! rid]s & grooms ( 8 race-horses4 ,a ,l\isville pap] ?us speaks ( ! occurr5ce3 ,colonel ,oliv] suff]$ sev]ely by ! explosion ( ! ,oronoko4 ,he lo/ eight ( 8 rubb]s & rid]s1 & 8 horse1 ,joe ,ke>ney1 :i* he _h sold ! night be=e = #c1jjj4 ,mr4 ,k+1 ( ! ,new ,york ,am]ican1 makes ! foll[+ j comm5t on ! b>b>ity ( ! above p>agraph3 ,w\ld any "o1 9 read+ ?is p>agraph f an ev5+ pap]1 conjecture t ^! 'eight rubb]s & rid]s1' t toge!r ) a horse1 are m]ely m5tion$ z a 'loss' to _! own]1 7 human be+s--immortal z ! writ] :o ?us brutalizes !m1 & p]haps *]i%+ life z mu*8 ,9 ?is view1 p]haps1 ! 'eight' lo/ z mu* z ,colonel ,oliv]4 ,! foll[+ is f ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,patriot1 ,oct4 #ah4 ,loss ( ,prop]ty6--,s9ce ,i h be5 "h1 7,rice ,hope1 ,n4 ,santee17 ,i h se5 mu* mis]y1 & mu* ( human suff]+4 ,! loss ( ,,prop]ty has be5 imm5se1 n only on ,s\? ,santee1 b also on ?is riv]4 ,mr4 ,%oolbr$ has lo/1 7accord+ to ! /atem5t ( ! physician17 =ty-six negroes--! majority lo/ be+ ! prime/ h&s he _h--bricklay]s1 c>p5t]s1 blacksmi?s & ,coop]s4 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,mazyck has lo/ #ce negroes4 ,col4 ,?omas ,p9kney1 9 ! neighborhood ( #dj1 & _m o!r plant]s1 #aj to #bj on ea* plantation4 ,mrs4 ,elias ,h>ry1 adjo9+ ! plantation ( ,mr4 ,lucas1 has lo/ up to date1 #cb negroes--! be/ "p ( h] prime/ negroes on h] plantation4 ,f ! ,nat*ez 7,miss47 ,daily ,free ,trad]1 ,feb4 #ab1 #ahch4 ,f\nd4--,a ,,negro',s ,,head ,,0 ,,pick$ ,,up ,,on ,,! ,,rail-,,road ,,ye/]day1 ,,:i* ,,! ,,own] ,,c ,,h ,,by ,,call+ ,,at ,,?is ,,(fice ,,& ,,pay+ ,,= ,,! ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,! way 9 :i* slavehold+ 'public op9ion' protects a poor female lunatic is illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t 9 ! ,fayetteville 7,n4,c47 ,obs]v]1 ,june #bg1 #ahch3 ,tak5 & committ$ to jail1 a negro girl nam$ ,nancy1 :o is suppos$ to belong to ,sp5c] ,p4 ,wright1 ( ! ,/ate ( ,georgia4 ,%e is ab\t #cj ye>s ( age1 & is a ,,lunatic4 ,! own] is reque/$ to come =w>d1 prove prop]ty1 pay *>ges1 & take h] away1 or ,,%e ,,w ,,be ,,sold ,,to ,,pay ,,h] ,,jail ,,fees4 ,,fr$',k ,,home1 ,jailor4 ,a late ,,prospectus ,( ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,m$ical ,college1 locat$ 9 ,*>le/on1 conta9s ! foll[+ passage3-- ,"s advantages ( a peculi> "* are connect$ ) ?is ,in/itution1 :i* x may be prop] to po9t out4 ,no place 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates (f]s z great opportunities = ! acquisition ( anatomical k1 ,,subjects ,,be+ ,,obta9$ ,,f ,,among ,,! ,,color$ ,,population ,,9 ,,suffici5t ,,numb] ,,= ,,e ,,purpose1 ,,& ,,prop] ,,dissections ,,c>ri$ ,,on ,,)\t ,,(f5d+ ,,any ,,individuals ,,9 ,,! ,,community66 ,)\t (f5d+ any individuals 9 ! community6 ,m ?an half ! population ( ,*>le/on1 we believe1 is 'color$2' _! graves may be ravag$1 _! dead may be dug up1 dragg$ into ! dissect+ room1 expos$ to ! gaze1 he>tless gibes1 & exp]im5t+ knives1 ( a cr[d ( inexp]i5c$ op]ators1 :o are giv5 to und]/& 9 ! prospectus1 t1 if !y d n acquire manual dext]ity 9 dissection1 x w be :olly _! own fault1 9 neglect+ to improve ! unrivall$ advantages af=d$ by ! in/itution--s9ce ea* c h z _m human bodies z he pleases to exp]im5t ^u--& z to ! fa!rs1 mo!rs1 husb&s1 wives1 bro!rs1 & si/]s1 ( ^? :om !y cut to pieces f day to day1 :y1 !y are n 'individuals 9 ! community1' b 'prop]ty1' & h[ev] _! feel+s may be tortur$1 ! 'public op9ion' ( slavehold]s is entirely too '*ivalr\s' to degrade itself by c>+ = !m6 ,! foll[+ :i* has be5 = "s "t a /&+ adv]tisem5t ( ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,m$ical ,college1 9 ! ,*>le/on pap]s1 is ano!r index ( ! same 'public op9ion' t[>d slaves4 ,we give an extract3-- ,surg]y ( ! ,m$ical ,college ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,que5 /4--,! ,faculty in=m _! pr(essional bre?r51 & ! public t !y h e/abli%$ a ,surg]y1 at ! ,old ,college1 ,que5 /reet1 ,,= ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,negroes1 :i* w cont9ue 9 op]ation1 dur+ ! session ( ! ,college1 say f fir/ ,novemb]1 to ! fifte5? ( ,m>* ensu+4 ,! object ( ! ,faculty1 9 op5+ ?is ,surg]y1 is to collect z _m int]e/+ cases1 z possible1 = ! b5efit & in/ruction ( _! pupils--at ! same "t1 !y indulge ! hope1 t x may n only prove an accommodation1 b also a matt] ( economy to ! public4 ,!y w\ld respectfully call ! att5tion ( plant]s1 liv+ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! city1 to ?is subject2 p>ticul>ly su* z may h s]vants labor+ "u ,surgical diseases4 ,su* p]sons ( color z may n be able to pay = ,m$ical advice1 w be att5d$ to gratis1 at /at$ h\rs1 z (t5 z may be necess>y4 ,! ,faculty take ?is opportunity ( solicit+ ! co-op]ation ( su* ( _! pr(essional bre?r51 z are favorable to _! objects4 ,! fir/ ?+ t /rikes ! read] ( ! adv]tisem5t is1 t ?is ,surg]y is e/abli%$ exclusively '= ! treatm5t ( negroes2 &1 if he kn[s little ( ! he>ts ( slavehold]s t[>ds _! slaves1 he *>itably supposes1 t !y 'feel ! d9t ( pity1' = ! poor suff]]s & h f\nd$ ?is in/itution z a special *>ity = _! relief4 ,b ! delusion vani%es z he reads on2 ! pr(essors take special c>e t no su* d]ogatory inf]5ce %all be drawn f _! adv]tisem5t4 ,!y give u ! ?ree reasons :i* h induc$ !m to op5 ?is ',surg]y = ! treatm5t ( negroes4' ,! fir/ & ma9 "o is1 'to collect z _m int]e/+ cases z possible = ! b5efit & in/ruction ( _! pupils--ano!r is1 '! hope t x may prove an accommodation1'--& ! ?ird1 t x may be 'a matt] ( economy to ! public' ,ano!r reason1 d\btless1 & controll+ "o1 ?\gh ! pr(essors are sil5t ab\t x1 is t a l>ge collection ( 'int]e/+ surgical cases1' always on h&1 w\ld prove a p[]ful attraction to /ud5ts1 & greatly increase ! popul>ity ( ! in/itution4 ,9 brief1 !n1 ! motives ( its f\nd]s1 ! pr(essors1 7 ^!1 ! accommodation ( _! /ud5ts--! accommodation ( ! public 7:i* means1 ! :ites7--& ! accommodation ( slavehold]s :o h on _! h&s disabl$ slaves1 t w\ld make 'int]e/+ cases1' = surgical op]ation 9 ! pres5ce ( ! pupils--to ^! reasons we may add ! accommodation ( ! ,m$ical ,in/itution & ! accommodation ( !mselves6 ,n a syllable ab\t ! accommodation ( ! hopeless suff]]s1 wri?+ ) ! agony ( ^? gun %ot w\nds1 fractur$ sculls1 brok5 limbs & ulc]at$ backs :i* con/itute ! 'int]e/+ cases' = ! pr(essors to '%[ (f' be=e _! pupils1 &1 z practice makes p]fect1 = ! /ud5ts !mselves to try _! h&s at by way ( exp]im5t4 ,:y1 we ask1 0 ?is surg]y e/abli%$ '= ! treatm5t ( negroes' alone8 ,:y 7 ^! 'int]e/+ cases' select$ f t class exclusively8 ,no man :o kn[s ! feel+ ( slave hold]s t[>ds slaves w be at a loss = ! reason4 ',public op9ion' w\ld tol]ate surgical exp]im5ts1 op]ations1 processes1 p]=m$ ^u !m1 :i* x w\ld execrate if p]=m$ ^u _! ma/] or o!r :ites4 ,z ! great object 9 collect+ ! disabl$ negroes is to h 'int]e/+ cases' = ! /ud5ts1 ! pr(essors :o p]=m ! op]ations w ( c\rse endeavor to make !m z 'int]e/+' z possible4 ,! in/ruction ( ! /ud5t is ! imm$iate object1 & if ! pr(essors c accompli% x be/ by protract+ ! op]ation1 paus+ to expla9 ! diff]5t processes1 c4 ! subject is only a negro1 & :at is 8 protract$ agony1 t x %\ld re/ra9 ! pr(essor f mak+ ! case z 'int]e/+' z possible to ! /ud5ts by s us+ 8 knife z w give !m ! be/ k ( ! p>ts1 & ! process1 h[ev] x may protract or augm5t ! pa9 ( ! subject4 ,! end to be accompli%$ is ! in/ruction ( ! /ud5t1 op]ations ^u ! negroes are ! means to ! end2 t tells ! :ole /ory--& he :o kn[s ! he>ts ( slavehold]s & has common s5se1 h[ev] %ort ! all[ance1 c f9d ! way to 8 conclusions )\t a lant]n4 ,by an adv]tisem5t ( ! same ,m$ical ,in/itution1 dat$ ,novemb] #ab1 #ahch1 & publi%$ 9 ! ,*>le/on pap]s1 x appe>s t an 'infirm>y has be5 op5$ 9 connection ) ! college4' ,! pr(essors manife/ a great desire t ! ma/]s ( s]vants %\ld s5d 9 _! disabl$ slaves1 & z an inducem5t to ! furni%+ ( su* int]e/+ cases say1 all m$ical & surgical aid w be (f]$ )\t mak+ !m liable to any pr(essional *>ges4 ,dis9t]e/$ b\nty1 pity1 sympa?y1 philan?ropy4 ,h[ev] difficult or num]\s ! surgical cases ( slaves ?us put into _! h&s by ! ma/]s1 !y *>ge n a c5t = _! pr(essional s]vices4 ,_! ye>n+s ov] human di/ress are s int5se1 t !y beg ! privilege ( p]=m+ all op]ations1 & furni%+ all ! m$ical att5tion ne$$1 gratis1 feel+ t ! relief ( mis]y is its own rew>d666 ,b we h put d[n our exclamation po9ts too soon--^u read+ ! :ole ( ! adv]tisem5t we f9d ! pr(essors conclude x ) ! foll[+ p>agraph3-- ,! ,,sole ,,object ,( ! faculty 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( su* an in/itution be+ to promote ! int]e/ ( ,m$ical ,education )9 _! native ,/ate & ,city4 ,9 ! ,*>le/on 7,s\? ,c>ol9a7 ,m]cury ( ,octob] #ab1 #ahch1 we f9d an adv]tisem5t ( half a column1 by a ,dr4 ,t4 ,/illman1 sett+ =? ! m]its ( ano!r ',m$ical ,infirm>y1' "u 8 own special sup]vision1 at ,no4 #aaj ,*ur* /reet1 ,*>le/on4 ,! doctor1 aft] inveigh+ l\dly aga9/ 'm5 totally ignorant ( m$ical sci5ce1' :o flood ! c\ntry ) quack no/rums back$ up by 'fabricat$ pro(s ( miracul\s cures1' proce$s to enum]ate ! diseases to :i* 8 ',infirm>y' is op51 & to :i* 8 practice w be ma9ly conf9$4 ,appreciat+ ! importance ( 'int]e/+ cases1' z a /ock 9 trade1 on :i* to comm5ce 8 exp]im5ts1 he copies ! example ( ! m$ical pr(essors1 & adv]tises = !m4 ,b1 ei!r f a ke5] s5se ( ju/ice1 or m g5]osity1 or great] confid5ce 9 8 skill1 or = "s o!r reason1 he proposes to buy up an assortm5t ( damag$ negroes1 giv5 ov]1 z incurable1 by o!rs1 & to make su* 8 'int]e/+ cases1' in/ead ( exp]im5t+ on ^? :o are ! 'prop]ty' ( o!rs4 ,dr4 ,/illman closes 8 adv]tisem5t ) ! foll[+ notice3-- ,to ,,plant]s ,,& ,,o!rs4--,want$ fifty negroes4 ,any p]son hav+ sick negroes1 consid]$ incurable by _! respective physicians1 & wi%+ to dispose ( !m1 ,dr4 ,s4 w pay ca% = negroes affect$ ) scr(ula or k+'s evil1 confirm$ hypocondriasm1 apoplexy1 diseases ( ! liv]1 kidneys1 sple51 /oma* & inte/9es1 bladd] & its app5dages1 di>rhea1 dys5t]y1 c4 ,! highe/ ca% price w be paid on application z above4 ,! absolute b>b>ism ( a 'public op9ion' :i* n only tol]ates1 b produces su* adv]tisem5ts z ?is1 0 outdone by no?+ 9 ! d>k ages4 ,if ! read] has a he>t ( fle%1 he c feel x )\t help1 & if he has n1 comm5t w n create x4 ,! total indiff]5ce ( slavehold]s to su* a cold blood$ proposition1 _! utt] unconsci\sness ( ! p>alysis ( he>t1 & dea? ( sympa?y1 & e feel+ ( common humanity = ! slave1 :i* x reveals1 is en\gh1 ( itself to %[ t ! t5d5cy ( ! _s ( slavehold+ is1 to kill 9 ! s\l :atev] x t\*es4 ,x has no eyes to see1 nor e>s to he>1 nor m9d to und]/&1 nor he>t to feel = its victims z human be+s4 ,to %[ t ! above indication ( ! savage /ate is n an index ( individual feel+1 b ( 'public op9ion1' x is suffici5t to say1 t x appe>s to be a /&+ adv]tisem5t 9 ! ,*>le/on ,m]cury1 ! lead+ political pap] ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ! organ ( ! ,honorables ,john ,c4 ,calh\n1 ,rob]t ,b>nwell ,rhett1 ,hugh ,s4 ,leg>e1 & o!rs reg>d$ z ! elite ( h] /atesm5 & lit]ati4 ,besides1 c&idates = popul> favor1 l ! doctor :o adv]tises = ! fifty 'incurables1' take special c>e to conciliate1 r ?an outrage1 'public op9ion4' ,is ! doctor s ignorant ( 'public op9ion' 9 8 own city1 t he has unwitt+ly committ$ viol5ce ^u x 9 8 adv]tisem5t8 ,we tr[ n4 ,! same 'public op9ion' :i* gave bir? to ! adv]tisem5t ( doctor ,/illman1 & to ^? ( ! pr(essors 9 bo? ! m$ical in/itutions1 f\nd$ ! ,*>le/on ',"w ,h\se'--a s(t "n = a ,molo* temple d$icat$ to torture1 & reek+ ) blood1 9 ! mid/ ( ! city2 to :i* ma/]s & mi/resses s5d _! slaves ( bo? sexes to be /ripp$1 ti$ up1 & cut ) ! la% till ! blood & mangl$ fle% fl[ to _! feet1 or to be beat5 & bruis$ ) ! t]rible paddle1 or =c$ to climb ! tread-mill till nature s9ks1 or to exp]i5ce o!r nameless torm5ts4 ,! ,vicksburg 7,miss47 ,regi/]1 ,dec4 #bg1 #ahch1 conta9s ! foll[+ item ( in=mation3 ,,ardor ,,9 ,,bett+4--,two g5tlem51 at a tav]n1 hav+ summon$ ! wait]1 ! poor fell[ _h sc>cely ent]$1 :5 he fell d[n 9 a fit ( apoplexy4 ',he's dead6' exclaim$ "o4 ',he'll come to6' repli$ ! o!r4 ',dead1 = five hundr$6' ',done6' retort$ ! second4 ,! noise ( ! fall1 & ! confusion :i* foll[$1 br\ght up ! l&lord1 :o call$ out to fet* a doctor4 ',no6 no6 we mu/ h no int]f]5ce--!re's a bet dep5d+6' ',b1 sir1 ,i %all lose a valuable s]vant6' ',nev] m9d6 y c put him d[n 9 ! bill6' ,ab\t ! "t ! ,vicksburg pap] conta9+ ! above came to h&1 we receiv$ a lett] f ,n4,p4 ,,rog]s1 ,esq4 ( ,concord1 ,n4,h4 ! editor ( ! ',h]ald ( ,fre$om1' f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,"s ?irty ye>s ago1 ,i ?9k x 01 ,col4 ,?at*]1 ( ,ma9e1 a lawy]1 0 9 ,virg9ia1 on bus9ess1 & 0 !re invit$ to d9e at a public h\se1 ) a company ( ! g5try ( ! s\?4 ,! place ,i =get--! fact 0 told me by ,george ,kimball1 ,esq4 n[ ( ,alton1 ,ill9ois :o _h ! /ory f ,col4 ,?at*] himself4 ,among ! s]vants wait+ 0 a "y negro man1 ^: beautiful p]son1 oblig+ & assidu\s temp]1 & 8 activity & grace 9 s]v+1 made him a favorite ) ! company4 ,! d9n] la/$ into ! ev5+1 & ! w9e pass$ freely ab\t ! table4 ,at l5g?1 "o ( ! g5tlem51 :o 0 pretty highly excit$ ) w9e1 became un=tunately inc5s$1 ei!r at "s trip ( ! "y slave1 9 wait+1 or at "s o!r cause happ5+ :5 ! slave 0 )9 8 rea*4 ,he seiz$ ! long-neck$ w9e bottle1 & /ruck ! "y man sudd5ly 9 ! temple1 & fell$ him dead ^u ! floor4 ,! fall arre/$1 = a mom5t1 ! fe/ivities ( ! table4 ',devili% unlucky1' exclaim$ "o4 ',! g5tleman is v un=tunate1' cri$ ano!r4 ',really a loss1' said a ?ird1 c1 c4 ,! body 0 dragg$ f ! d9+ hall1 & ! fea/ w5t on2 & at ! close1 "o ( ! g5tlem51 & ! v "o1 ,i believe1 ^: h& _h done ! homicide1 %\t$1 9 bac*analian brav]y1 & s\!rn g5]osity1 amid ! brok5 glasses & fragm5ts ( *airs1 ',,l&lord6 ,,put ,,! ,,nigg] ,,into ,,! ,,bill6' ,?is 0 t murd]$ "y man's requiem & fun]al s]vice4 ,mr4 ,,george ,a4 ,,av]y1 a m]*ant 9 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 & an eld] 9 ! ,f\r? ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 t city1 :o resid$ f\r ye>s 9 ,virg9ia1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony3 ,i knew a "y man :o _h be5 out hunt+1 & return+ ) "s ( 8 fri5ds1 see+ a negro man 9 ! road1 at a little di/ance1 delib]ately drew up 8 rifle1 & %ot him dead4 ,?is 0 done )\t ! slighte/ provocation1 or a ^w pass+4 ,?is "y man pass$ ?r\gh ! =m ( a trial1 &1 al?\gh x 0 n ev5 pret5d$ by 8 c\nsel t he 0 n guilty ( ! act1 delib]ately & wantonly p]petrat$1 he 0 acquitt$4 ,x 0 urg$ by 8 c\nsel1 t he 0 a "y man1 7ab\t #bj ye>s ( age17 _h no malici\s int5tion1 8 "m 0 a wid[1 c1 c ,mr4 ,,b5jam9 ,,cl5d5on1 ( ,col]a91 ,lanca/] c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony3 ,?ree ye>s ago ! com+ mon?1 ,i took a j\rney ( ab\t sev5ty-five miles f home1 ?r\gh ! ea/]n %ore ( ,m>yl&1 & a small "p ( ,delaw>e4 ,call+ "o day1 ne> noon1 at ,georget[n ,cross-,roads1 ,i f\nd myself surr\nd$ 9 ! tav]n by slavehold]s4 ,among o!r subjects ( conv]sation1 _! human cattle came 9 = a %>e4 ,"o ( ! company1 a middle-ag$ man1 !n liv+ ) a second wife1 ackn[l$g$1 t aft] ! dea? ( 8 fir/ wife1 he liv$ 9 a /ate ( concub9age ) a female slave2 b :5 ! "t drew ne> = ! tak+ ( a second wife1 he f\nd x exp$i5t to remove ! slave f ! premises4 ,! same p]son gave an acc\nt ( a female slave he =m]ly held1 :o _h a prop5sity = "s "o pursuit1 ,i ?9k ! att5dance ( religi\s meet+s4 ,on a c]ta9 occasion1 %e pres5t$ h] petition to him1 ask+ = ?is indulg5ce2 he refus$--%e importun$--& he1 ) sov]eign indignation1 seiz$ a *air1 & ) a bl[ ^u ! head1 knock$ h] s5seless ^u ! floor4 ,! same p]son1 = "s act ( disob$i5ce1 on ! "p1 ,i ?9k1 ( ! same slave1 :5 employ$ 9 /ack+ /raw1 fell$ h] to ! e>? ) ! h&le ( a pit* =k4 ,all ^! transactions 7 relat$ ) ! utmo/ composure1 9 a b>-room )9 ?irty miles ( ! ,p5nsylvania l9e4 ,! two foll[+ adv]tisem5ts are illu/rations ( ! reg>d paid to ! m>riage relations by slavehold+ judges1 gov]nors1 s5ators 9 ,congress1 & mayors ( cities4 ,f ! ,montgom]y1 7,ala47 ,adv]tis]1 ,sept4 #bi1 #ahcg4 #bj ,,rew>d4--,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 a negro man nam$ ,moses4 ,he is ( common size1 ab\t #bh ye>s old4 ,he =m]ly belong$ to ,judge ,b5son1 ( ,montgom]y1 & x is said1 has a wife 9 t c\nty4 ,john ,gayle ,! ,john ,gayle :o signs ?is adv]tisem5t1 is an ,ex-,gov]nor ( ,alabama4 ,f ! ,*>le/on ,c\ri]1 ,nov4 #bh4 ,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 ab\t twelve mon?s s9ce1 8 negro man ,paulladore4 ,8 complexion is d>k--ab\t #ej ye>s old4 ,i und]/& ,g54 ,r4,y4 ,hayne has pur*as$ 8 wife & *ildr5 f ,h4,l4 ,p9ckney1 ,esq4 & has !m n[ on 8 plantation1 at ,goose ,creek1 :]e1 no d\bt1 ! fell[ is frequ5tly lurk+4 ,?omas ,davis4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say1 t ! ,,g5]al ,r4,y4 ,,hayne1 & ,h4,l4 ,,p9ckney1 ,esq4 nam$ 9 ! adv]tisem5t1 are ,ex-,gov]nor ,hayne1 =m]ly ,u4,s4 ,s5ator f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,hon4 ,h5ry ,l4 ,p9ckney1 late memb] ( ,congress f ,*>le/on ,di/rict1 & n[ ,int5dant 7mayor7 ( t city4 ,x is no difficult matt] to get at ! 'public op9ion' ( a community1 :5 ladies '( prop]ty & /&+' publi%1 "u _! own names1 su* adv]tisem5ts z ! foll[+4 ,mrs4 ,,elizabe? ,l4 ,,c>t]1 ( ,groveton1 ,pr9ce ,william c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 ?us adv]tises h] negro man ,moses3 ,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 a negro man nam$ ,moses1 ag$ ab\t #dj ye>s1 ab\t six feet high1 well made1 & possess+ a good address1 & ,,has ,,lo/ ,a ,,"p ,,on ,,"o ,,( ,,8 ,,e>s4 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,,newman1 ( ! same place1 & 9 ! same pap]1 adv]tises-- ,p5ny1 ! wife ( ,moses1 ag$ ab\t #cj ye>s1 br[n complexion1 tall & likely1 no p>ticul> m>ks ( p]son recollect$4 ,bo? ( ! above adv]tisem5ts appe> 9 ! ,national ,intellig5c]1 7,wa%+ton city17 ,june #aj1 #ahcg4 ,9 ! ,mobile ,m]cantile ,adv]tis]1 ( ,feb4 #ac1 #ahch1 is an adv]tisem5t ,sign$ ,,s>ah ,,wal%1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 ,tw5ty-five doll>s rew>d w be paid to any "o :o may appreh5d & deliv] to me1 or conf9e 9 any jail1 s t1 ,i c get him1 my man ,isaac1 :o ranaway sometime 9 ,septemb] la/4 ,he is #bf ye>s ( age1 #e feet #aj in*es high1 has a sc> on 8 =ehead1 caus$ by a bl[1 & "o on 8 back1 ,,made ,,by ,a ,,%ot ,,f ,a ,,pi/ol4 ,9 ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahch1 ,mrs4 ,,burvant1 ^: resid5ce is at ! corn] ( ,*>tres & ,t\l\se /reets1 adv]tises a woman z foll[s3 ,ranaway1 a negro woman nam$ ,ra*el--has lo/ all h] toes except ! l>ge "o4 ,f ! ,huntsville 7,ala47 ,democrat1 ,june #af1 #ahch3 ,,t5 ,,doll>s ,,rew>d4--,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 a negro woman nam$ ,sally1 ab\t #ba ye>s ( age1 tak+ along h] two *ildr5--"o ?ree ye>s1 & ! o!r sev5 mon?s old4 ,^! negroes 7 ,,pur*as$ ,,by ,,me at ! sale ( ,george ,mason's negroes1 on ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,may1 & left a few days !reaft]4 ,any p]son deliv]+ !m to ! jailor 9 ,huntsville1 or to me1 at my plantation1 five miles above ,triana1 on ! ,t5nessee riv]1 %all receive ! above rew>d4 ,,*>ity ,,coop] ,f ! ,mississippian1 ,may #ac1 #ahch3 ,,t5 ,,doll>s ,,rew>d4--,ranaway f ! subscrib]1 a man nam$ ,a>on1 yell[ complexion1 blue eyes1 c4 ,i h no d\bt he is lurk+ ab\t ,jackson & its vic9ity1 probably h>bor$ by "s ( ! negroes sold z ! prop]ty ( my late husb&1 ,h>ry ,long1 deceas$4 ,"s ( !m are ab\t ,ri*l&1 9 ,madison co4 ,i w give ! above rew>d :5 br\ght to me1 ab\t six miles nor?-we/ ( ,jackson1 or put ,,9 ,,jail1 s t ,i c get him4 ,,lucy ,,long4 ,if ! read]1 aft] p]us+ ! prec$+ facts1 te/imony1 & argum5ts1 /ill insi/s t ! 'public op9ion' ( ! slave /ates protects ! slave f outrages1 & alleges1 z pro( ( x1 t cruel ma/]s are fr[n$ ^u & %unn$ by ! community g5]ally1 & reg>d$ z mon/]s1 we reply by pres5t+ ! foll[+ facts & te/imony4 ,col4 ,,means1 ( ,man*e/]1 ,ohio1 says1 t :5 he resid$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 8 neighbor1 a physician1 became enrag$ ) 8 slave1 & s5t5c$ him to receive two hundr$ la%es4 ,aft] hav+ receiv$ "o hundr$ & =ty1 he fa9t$4 ,aft] inflict+ ! full numb] ( la%es1 ! cords ) :i* he 0 b\nd 7 loos$4 ,:5 he reviv$1 he /agg]$ to ! h\se1 & sat d[n 9 ! sun4 ,be+ fa9t & ?ir/y1 he begg$ = "s wat] to dr9k4 ,! ma/] w5t to ! well1 & procur$ "s wat] b in/ead ( giv+ him to dr9k1 he ?rew ! :ole bucket-full 9 8 face4 ,nature c\ld n /& ! %ock--he sunk to rise no m4 ,= ?is crime1 ! physician 0 b\nd ov] to ,c\rt1 & tri$1 & acquitt$--& ,,! ,,next ,,ye> ,,he ,,0 ,,elect$ ,,to ,,! ,,legislature6 ,te/imony ( ,hon4 ,,john ,,r&olph1 ( ,virg9ia ,9 "o ( 8 ,congressional spee*es1 ,mr4 ,r4 says3 ,av>ice alone c drive1 z x does drive1 ?is inf]nal traffic1 & ! wret*$ victims ( x1 l s _m po/ horses1 :ipp$ to dea? 9 a mail coa*4 ,ambition has its cov]-sluts 9 ! pride1 pomp1 & circum/ance ( glori\s w>2 b :]e are ! trophies ( av>ice8 ,! h& cuff1 ! manacle1 ! blood-/a9$ c[hide6 ,,:at ,,man ,,is ,,worse ,,receiv$ ,,9 ,,society ,,= ,,be+ ,a ,,h>d ,,ma/]8 ,,:o ,,d5ies ,,! ,,h& ,,( ,a ,,si/] ,,or ,,daught] ,,to ,,su* ,,mon/]s8 ,mr4 ,,george ,a4 ,,av]y1 ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 :o resid$ f\r ye>s 9 ,virg9ia1 te/ifies z foll[s3 ,i "k a local ,me?odi/ m9i/]1 a man ( tal5ts1 & popul> z a prea*]1 :o took 8 negro girl into 8 b>n1 9 ord] to :ip h]--& %e 0 br\ght out a corpse6 ,8 fri5ds seem$ to ?9k ?is ( s little importance to 8 m9i/]ial /&+1 t al?\gh ,i liv$ ne> him ab\t ?ree ye>s1 ,i d n recollect to h he>d !m apologize = ! de$1 ?\gh ,i recollect hav+ he>d ,,"o ( 8 neighbors allege ?is fact z a reason :y he did n wi% to he> him prea*4 ,not)/&+ ! mass ( te/imony :i* has be5 pres5t$ e/abli%+ ! fact t 9 ! 'public op9ion' ( ! ,s\? ! slaves f9d no protection1 "s may /ill claim t ! 'public op9ion' exhibit$ by ! prec$+ facts is n t ( ! highe/ class ( society at ! ,s\?1 & 9 pro( ( ?is ass]tion1 ref] to ! fact1 t ',negro ,brok]s1' ,negro ,speculators1 ,negro ,auctione]s1 & ,negro ,bre$]s1 c41 are by t class univ]sally despis$ & avoid$1 z are all :o treat _! slaves ) cruelty4 ,to ?is we reply1 t1 if all claim$ by ! objector 7 true1 x c\ld avail him no?+ = 'public op9ion' is nei!r made nor unmade by '! fir/ class ( society4' ,t class produces 9 x1 at mo/1 b slight modifications2 ^? :o belong to x h g5]ally a 'public op9ion1' )9 _! own circle :i* has r>ely m1 ei!r ( morality or m]cy ?an ! public op9ion ( ! mass1 & is1 at lea/1 equally he>tless & m intol]ant4 ,z to ! e/imation 9 :i* 'speculators1' 's\l driv]s1' c4 are held1 we rem>k1 t1 !y are n despis$ because !y trade 9 slaves b because !y are work+ m51 all su* are despis$ by slavehold]s4 ,:ite drov]s :o g ) droves ( sw9e & cattle f ! free /ates to ! slave /ates1 & ,yankee p$l>s1 :o trav]se ! s\?1 & :ite day-labor]s are1 9 ! ma91 equally despis$1 or1 if negro-trad]s excite m contempt ?an drov]s1 p$l>s1 & day-labor]s1 x is because1 !y are1 z a class m ignorant & vulg>1 m5 f l[ families & boors 9 _! mann]s4 ,ridicul\s to suppose1 t a p1 :o h1 by law1 made m5 articles ( trade equally ) sw9e1 %\ld despise m5-drov]s & trad]s1 m ?an hog-drov]s & trad]s4 ,t !y are n despis$ because x is _! bus9ess to trade 9 human be+s & br+ !m to m>ket1 is pla9 f ! fact t :5 "s 'g5tleman ( prop]ty & /&+' & ( a 'good family' emb>ks 9 a negro speculation1 & employs a doz5 's\l driv]s' to trav]se ! upp] c\ntry1 & drive to ! s\? c(fles ( slaves1 exp5d+ hundr$s ( ?\s&s 9 8 :olesale pur*ases1 he does n lose ca/e4 ,x is kn[n 9 ,alabama1 t ,mr4 ,erw91 son-9-law ( ! ,hon4 ,h5ry ,clay1 & bro!r ( ,j4,p4 ,erw91 =m]ly po/ma/]1 & late mayor ( ! city ( ,na%ville1 laid ! f\ndation ( a pr9cely =tune 9 ! slave-trade1 c>ri$ on f ! ,nor!rn ,slave ,/ates to ! ,plant+ ,s\?2 t ! ,hon4 ,h4 ,hit*cock1 bro!r-9-law ( ,mr4 ,e41 & s9ce "o ( ! judges ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,alabama1 0 int]e/$ ) him 9 ! traffic2 & t a late memb] ( ! ,k5tucky ,s5ate 7,col4 ,wall7 n only c>ri$ on ! same bus9ess1 a few ye>s ago1 b accompani$ 8 droves 9 p]son d[n ! ,mississippi4 ,n z ! driv]1 = t w\ld be vulg> drudg]y1 b5ea? a g5tleman1 b z a nabob 9 /ate1 ord]+ 8 und]/rapp]s4 ,x is also well kn[n t ,presid5t ,jackson 0 a 's\l driv]1' & t ev5 s late z ! ye> be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! la/ w>1 he b\ght up a c(fle ( slaves & drove !m d[n to ,l\isiana = sale4 ,?omas ,n4 ,gadsd51 ,esq4 ! pr9cipal slave auctione] 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c4 is ( "o ( ! fir/ families 9 ! /ate1 & moves 9 ! v highe/ class ( society !re4 ,he is a desc5dant ( ! di/+ui%$ ,g5]al ,gadsd5 ( revolution>y memory1 ! mo/ prom95t s\!rn memb] 9 ! ,cont95tal ,congress ( #agfe1 & aft]w>ds elect$ lieut5ant gov]nor & !n gov]nor ( ! /ate4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gadsd51 rector ( ,/4 ,phillip's ,*ur*1 ,*>le/on1 & ! ,rev4 ,phillip ,gadsd51 bo? prom95t ,episcopal cl]gym5 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,colonel ,james ,gadsd5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates army1 aft] :om a c\nty 9 ,florida 0 rec5tly nam$1 are all bro!rs ( ?is ,?omas ,n4 ,gadsd51 ,esq4 ! l>ge/ slave auctione] 9 ! /ate1 "u ^: hamm]1 m51 wom5 & *ildr5 g (f by ?\s&s2 its /roke probably sund]s daily1 husb&s & wives1 p>5ts & *ildr51 bro!rs & si/]s1 p]haps to see ea* o!r's faces no m4 ,n[ :o supply ! auction table ( ?is ,?omas ,n4 ,gadsd51 ,esq4 ) its loads ( human m]*&ize8 ,^! same dete/$ 's\l driv]s' =soo?6 ,!y pr[l ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 buy1 cat*1 & fett] !m1 & drive _! *a9$ c(fles up to 8 /&1 :]e ,?omas ,n4 ,gadsd51 ,esq4 knocks !m (f to ! highe/ bidd]1 to ,ex-,gov]nor ,butl] p]haps1 or to ,ex-,gov]nor ,hayne1 or to ,hon4 ,rob]t ,b>nwell ,rhett1 or to 8 own rev]5d bro!r1 ,dr4 ,gadsd54 ,n[ ?is high born1 :olesale s\l-sell] d\btless despises ! retail 's\l-driv]s' :o give him _! cu/om1 & s does ! :olesale groc]1 ! drizzl+ tap/] :o sneaks up to 8 c\nt] = a keg ( :iskey to dole out "u a %anty 9 two c5t glasses2 & bo? = ! same reason4 ,! plea t ! 'public op9ion' among ! highe/ classes ( society at ! s\? is mild & consid]ate t[>ds ! slaves1 t !y d n ov]work1 und]fe$1 neglect :5 old & sick1 scantily clo!1 badly lodge1 & half %elt] _! slaves2 t !y d n b>b>\sly flog1 load ) irons1 imprison 9 ! /ocks1 br& & maim !m2 hunt !m :5 runaway ) dogs & guns1 & sund] by =ce & =ev] ! ne>e/ k9dr$--is %[n1 by almo/ e page ( ?is "w1 to be an assumption1 n only utt]ly gr\ndless1 b directly oppos$ to masses ( irrefragable evid5ce4 ,if ! read] w be at ! pa9s to review ! te/imony record$ on ! =ego+ pages he w f9d t a v l>ge proportion ( ! atrocities detail$ 7 committ$1 n by ! mo/ ignorant & l[e/ classes ( society1 b by p]sons '( prop]ty & /&+1' by ma/]s & mi/resses belong+ to ! 'upp] classes1' by p]sons 9 ! le>n$ pr(essions1 by civil1 judicial1 & milit>y (fic]s1 by ! lit]ati1 by ! fa%ionable elite & p]sons ( m ?an ord9>y 'respectability' & ext]nal morality--l>ge numb]s ( :om are pr(essors ( religion4 ,x w be recollect$ t ! te/imony ( ,s>ah ,m4 ,grimk1 & ,angel9a ,g4 ,weld1 0 conf9$ exclusively to ! details ( slav]y z exhibit$ 9 ! highe/ classes ( society1 ma9ly 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c4 ,see _! te/imony pp4 #bb-bd & #eb-eg4 ,! =m] has furni%$ u ) ! foll[+ te/imony 9 addition to t already giv54 ,na?aniel ,heyw>d ( ,combahee1 ,s4,c41 "o ( ! weal?ie/ plant]s 9 ! /ate1 /at$1 9 conv]sation ) "s o!r plant]s :o 7 compla9+ ( ! idle & lazy habits ( _! slaves1 & ! difficulty ( asc]ta9+ :e!r _! sickness 0 real or pret5d$1 & ! loss !y suff]$ f _! frequ5t abs5ce on ?is acc\nt f _! "w1 said1 ',i nev] lose a day's "w3 x is an e/abli%$ rule on my plantations t ! tasks ( all ! sick negroes %all be done by ^? :o are well 9 addition to _! own4 ,by ?is means a vigilant sup]vision is kept up by ! slaves ov] ea* o!r1 & !y take c>e t no?+ b real sickness keeps any "o out ( ! field4' ,i sp5t sev]al w9t]s 9 ! neighborhood ( ,na?aniel ,heyw>d's plantations1 & well rememb] 8 "* z a sev]e task ma/]4 ,i 0 pres5t :5 ! above /atem5t 0 made4 ,! cool b>b>ity ( su* a regulation is h>dly surpass$ by ! wor/ edicts ( ! ,roman ,caligula--especially :5 we consid] t ! plantations ( ?is man 7 9 ! neighborhood ( ! ,combahee riv]1 "o ( ! mo/ unheal?y di/ricts 9 ! l[ c\ntry ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 fur!r1 t l>ge numb]s ( 8 slaves work$ 9 ! rice m>%es1 or 'swamps' z !y are call$ 9 t /ate--& t dur+ six mon?s ( ! ye>1 s fatal to heal? is ! mal>ia ( ! swamps 9 t region t ! plant]s & _! families inv>iably ab&on _! plantations1 reg>d+ x z d[nright presumption to sp5d a s+le day ^u !m 'betwe5 ! fro/s' ( ! e>ly spr+ & ! la/ ( ,novemb]4 ,! read] may inf] ! high /&+ ( ,mr4 ,heyw>d 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 f ! fact t he 0 select$ ) f\r o!r freehold]s to con/itute a ,c\rt = ! trial ( ! conspirators 9 ! insurrection plot at ,*>le/on1 9 #ahbb4 ,ano!r ( ! individuals *os5 to con/itute t c\rt 0 ,colonel ,h5ry ,deas1 n[ presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees ( ,*>le/on ,college1 & a few ye>s s9ce a memb] ( ! ,s5ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,f a late correspond5ce 9 ! ,gre5vile 7,s4,c47 ,m\nta9e]1 betwe5 ,rev4 ,william ,m4 ,wightman1 a pr(essor 9 ,r&olph1 ,macon1 ,college1 & a numb] ( ! citiz5s ( ,lodi1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 x appe>s t ! cruelty ( ?is ,colonel ,deas to 8 slaves1 is prov]bial 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 s mu* t ,pr(essor ,wightman1 9 ! s]mon :i* occasion$ ! correspond5ce1 spoke ( ! ,colonel's inhumanity to 8 slaves z a matt] ( p]fect notoriety4 ,ano!r ,s\? ,c>ol9a slavehold]1 ,hon4 ,:itm>% ,b4 ,seabrook1 rec5tly1 we believe1 ,lieut4 ,gov]nor ( ! /ate1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony to 8 own inhumanity1 & 8 c]tificate ( ! 'public op9ion' among ,s\? ,c>ol9a slavehold]s '( high degree4' ,9 an essay on ! managem5t ( slaves1 read be=e ! ,agricultural ,society ( ,/4 ,johns1 ,s4,c4 & publi%$ by ! ,society1 ,*>le/on1 #ahcd1 ,mr4 ,s4 rem>ks3 ,i consid] imprisonm5t 9 ! /ocks at night1 ) or )\t h>d labor 9 ! day1 z a p[]ful auxili>y 9 ! cause ( good gov]nm5t4 ,to ! correctness ( ?is op9ion _m c be> te/imony4 ,,exp]i5ce has conv9c$ ,,me t !re is no puni%m5t to :i* ! slave looks ) m horror4 ,! adv]tisem5ts ( ! ,pr(essors 9 ! ,m$ical ,colleges ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 publi%$ ) comm5ts--on pp4 #afi1 #agj1 are additional illu/rations ( ! 'public op9ion' ( ! lit]ati4 ,t ! 'public op9ion' ( ! highe/ class ( society 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 reg>ds slaves a m]e cattle1 is %[n by ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t1 :i* we copy f ! ,*>le/on 7,s4,c47 ,m]cury ( ,may #af3 ,,negroes ,,= ,,sale4--,a girl ab\t tw5ty ye>s ( age1 7rais$ 9 ,virg9ia17 & h] two female *ildr51 "o f\r & ! o!r two ye> old--is rem>kably /rong & heal?y--nev] hav+ _h a day's sickness1 ) ! exception ( ! small pox1 9 h] life4 ,! *ildr5 are f9e & heal?y4 ,%e is ,,v ,,prolific ,,9 ,,h] ,,g5]at+ ,,qualities1 & af=ds a r>e opportunity to any p]son :o wi%es to raise a family ( /rong & heal?y s]vants = _! own use4 ,any p]son wi%+ to pur*ase w please leave _! address at ! ,m]cury (fice4 ,! ,*>le/on ,m]cury1 9 :i* ?is adv]tisem5t appe>s1 is ! lead+ political pap] 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & is well kn[n to be ! political organ ( ,messrs4 ,calh\n1 ,rhett1 ,pick5s1 & o!rs ( ! mo/ prom95t politicians 9 ! /ate4 ,its editor1 ,john ,/ew>t1 ,esq41 is a lawy] ( ,*>le/on1 & ( a highly respectable family4 ,he is a bro!r-9-law ( ,hon4 ,rob]t ,b>nwell ,rhett1 ! late ,attorney-,g5]al1 n[ a ,memb] ( ,congress1 & ,hon4 ,james ,rhett1 a lead+ memb] ( ! ,s5ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 8 wife is a niece ( ! late ,gov]nor ,smi?1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & ( ! late ,hon4 ,pet] ,smi?1 ,int5dant 7,mayor7 ( ! city ( ,*>le/on2 & a c\s9 ( ! late ,hon4 ,?omas ,s4 ,grimk4 ,! circulation ( ! ',m]cury' among ! weal?y1 ! lit]>y1 & ! fa%ionable1 is probably mu* l>g] ?an t ( any o!r pap] 9 ! /ate4 ,^! facts 9 connection ) ! prec$+ adv]tisem5t1 are a suffici5t exposition ( ! 'public op9ion' t[>ds slaves1 preval5t 9 ^! classes ( society4 ,! foll[+ scrap ( 'public op9ion' 9 ,florida1 is in/ructive4 ,we take x f ! ,florida ,h]ald1 ,june #bc1 #ahch3 ,ranaway f my plantation1 on ,monday night1 ! #ac? in/ant1 a negro fell[ nam$ ,b52 eighte5 ye>s ( age1 polite :5 spok5 to1 & speaks v good ,engli% = a negro4 ,z ,i h trac$ him out 9 sev]al places 9 t[n1 ,i am c]ta9 he is h>bor$4 ,?is notice is giv5 t ,i am det]m9$1 t :5ev] he is tak51 to puni% him till he in=ms me :o has giv5 him food & protection1 & ,i %all apply ! law ( ,judge ,lyn* to my own satisfaction1 on ^? conc]n$ 9 8 concealm5t4 ,a4 ,,watson4 ,june #af1 #ahch4 ,n[1 :o is ?is ,a4 ,watson1 :o proclaims ?r\gh a newspap]1 8 det]m9ation to put to ! torture ?is y\? ( eighte51 & to ,lyn* to 8 'satisfaction' :oev] has giv5 a cup ( cold wat] to ! pant+ fugitive4 ,is he "s l[ miscreant b5ea? public contempt8 ,nay1 v]ily1 he is a 'g5tleman ( prop]ty & /&+1' "o ( ! weal?ie/ plant]s & l>ge/ slavehold]s 9 ,florida4 ,he resides 9 ! vic9ity ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & m>ri$ ! daught] ( ! late ,?omas ,c4 ,morton1 ,esq4 "o ( ! fir/ m]*ants 9 ,new ,york4 ,we may m5tion 9 ?is connection ! well kn[n fact1 t _m weal?y plant]s make x a rule nev] to employ a physician among _! slaves4 ,hon4 ,william ,smi?1 ,s5ator 9 ,congress1 f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 f #ahaf to #ahbc1 & aft]w>ds f #ahbf to #ahca1 is "o ( ?is numb]4 ,he owns a numb] ( l>ge plantations 9 ! s\? we/]n /ates4 ,"o ( ^!1 bord]s ^u ! village ( ,huntsville1 ,alabama4 ,! p ( t village c te/ify t x is a "p ( ,judge ,smi?'s sy/em nev] to employ a physician ev5 9 ! mo/ extreme cases4 ,if ! m$ical skill ( ! ov]se]1 or ( ! slaves !mselves1 c cont5d successfully ) ! disease1 !y live1 if n1 !y die4 ,at all ev5ts1 a physician is n to be call$4 ,judge ,smi? 0 appo9t$ a judge ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?ree ye>s s9ce4 ,! read] w recall a simil> fact 9 ! te/imony ( ,rev4 ,w4,t4 ,allan1 son ( ,rev4 ,dr4 ,allan1 ( ,huntsville1 7see p4 #dg17 :o says t ,colonel ,rob]t ,h4 ,watk9s1 a weal?y plant]1 9 ,alabama1 & a ,,presid5tial ,,elector 9 #ahcf1 :o works on 8 plantations ?ree hundr$ slaves1 ',aft] employ+ a physician = "s "t among 8 negroes1 he ceas$ to d s1 all$g+ z ! reason1 t x 0 *eap] to lose a few negroes e ye> ?an to pay a physician4' ,x is a fact p]fectly notori\s1 t ! late ,g5]al ,wade ,hampton1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :o 0 ! l>ge/ slavehold] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & probably ! weal?ie/ man s\? ( ! ,potomac1 0 excessively cruel 9 ! treatm5t ( 8 slaves4 ,! anecdote ( him relat$ by a cl]gyman1 on page #bi1 is p]fectly *>act]i/ic4 ,= in/ances ( b>b>\s inhumanity ( v>i\s k9ds1 & manife/$ by p]sons ,,belong+ ,,to ,,! ,,mo/ ,,respectable ,,circles ,,( ,,society1 ! read] c consult ! foll[+ ref]5ces3--,te/imony ( ,rev4 ,john ,graham1 p4 #be1 ne> ! bottom2 ( ,mr4 ,poe1 p4 #bf1 middle2 ( ,rev4 ,j4 ,o4 ,*\les1 p4 #ci1 middle2 ( ,rev4 ,dr4 ,*ann+1 p4 #da1 top2 ( ,mr4 ,george ,a4 ,av]y1 p4 #dd1 bottom2 ( ,rev4 ,w4,t4 ,allan1 p4 #dg2 ( ,mr4 ,john ,m4 ,nelson1 p4 #ea1 bottom2 ( ,dr4 ,j4,c4 ,f9ley1 p4 #fa1 top2 ( ,mr4 ,du/91 p4 #ff1 bottom2 ( ,mr4 ,john ,cl>ke1 p4 #hg2 ( ,mr4 ,na?an ,cole1 p4 #hi1 middle2 ,rev4 ,william ,dickey1 p4 #ic2 ,rev4 ,francis ,hawley1 p4 #ig2 ( ,mr4 ,p[ell1 p4 #ajj1 middle2 ( ,rev4 ,p4 ,smi? p4 #ajb4 ,! prec$+ are b a few ( a l>ge numb] ( simil> cases conta9$ 9 ! =ego+ te/imonies4 ,! slavehold] m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,ladd1 p4 #hf1 :o knock$ d[n a slave & aft]w>ds pil$ bru% ^u 8 body1 & consum$ x1 held ! h& ( a female slave 9 ! fire till x 0 burn$ s z to be useless = life1 & confess$ to ,mr4 ,ladd1 t he _h kill$ f\r slaves1 _h be5 a memb] ( ! ,s5ate ( ,georgia & a cl]gyman4 ,! slavehold] :o :ipp$ a female slave to dea? 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 9 #ahcg1 z /at$ by ,mr4 ,cole1 p4 #fi1 0 a ,major 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,"o ( ! physicians :o 0 an abettor ( ! trag$y on ! ,brassos1 9 :i* a slave 0 tortur$ to dea?1 & ano!r s t he b>ely liv$1 7see ,rev4 ,mr4 ,smi?'s te/imony1 p4 #ajb47 0 ,dr4 ,anson ,jones1 a native ( ,connecticut1 :o 0 soon aft] appo9t$ m9i/] pl5ipot5ti>y f ,texas to ?is gov]nm5t1 & n[ resides at ,wa%+ton city4 ,! slave mi/ress at ,lex+ton1 ,ky41 :o1 z h] husb& te/ifies1 has kill$ six ( 8 slaves1 7see te/imony ( ,mr4 ,cl>ke1 p4 #hg17 is ! wife ( ,hon4 ,field+ ,s4 ,turn]1 late judge ( ! crim9al c\rt ( ,new ,orleans1 & "o ( ! weal?ie/ slavehold]s 9 ,k5tucky4 ,lilburn ,lewis1 :o delib]ately *opp$ 9 pieces 8 slave ,george1 ) a broad-axe1 7see te/imony ( ,rev4 ,mr4 ,dickey1 p4 #ic7 0 a weal?y slavehold]1 & a nephew ( ,presid5t ,jeff]son4 ,rev4 ,francis ,hawley1 :o 0 a g5]al ag5t ( ! ,bapti/ ,/ate ,conv5tion ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 confesses 7see p4 #dg17 t :ile resid+ 9 t /ate he once w5t out ) 8 h\nds & rifle1 to hunt fugitive slaves4 ,b in/ead ( mak+ fur!r ref]5ce to te/imony already be=e ! read]1 we w furni% additional in/ances ( ! b>b>\s cruelty :i* is tol]at$ & sanction$ by ! 'upp] classes' ( society at ! s\?2 we beg9 ) cl]gym51 & o!r (fic]s & memb]s ( *ur*es4 ,t ! read] may judge ( ! degree ( 'protection' :i* slaves receive f 'public op9ion1' & among ! memb]s & m9i/]s ( pr(ess$ *ri/ian *ur*es1 we ins]t ! foll[+ illu/rations4 ,extract f an editorial article 9 ! ,l[ell 7,mass47 ,obs]v] a religi\s pap] edit$ at ! "t 7#ahcc7 by ! ,rev4 ,,daniel ,s4 ,,s\?mayd1 :o rec5tly di$ 9 ,texas4 ,we h be5 among ! slaves at ! s\?4 ,we took pa9s to make discov]ies 9 respect to ! evils ( slav]y4 ,we =m$ our s5tim5ts on ! subject ( ! cruelties ex]cis$ t[>ds ! slaves f hav+ witness$ !m4 ,we n[ affirm t we nev] saw a man1 :o _h nev] be5 at ! s\?1 :o ?\ght z mu* ( ! cruelties practic$ on ! slaves1 z we "k to be a fact4 ,a slave :om ,i lov$ = 8 k9dness & ! amiabl5ess ( 8 disposition1 & :o belong$ to ! family :]e ,i resid$1 happ5$ to /ay out fifte5 m9utes long] ?an he _h p]mission to /ay4 ,x 0 a mi/ake--x 0 un9t5tional4 ,b :at 0 ! p5alty8 ,he 0 s5t to ! h\se ( correction ) ! ord] t he %\ld h ?irty la%es ^u 8 nak$ body ) a knott$ rope666 ,he 0 br\ght home & laid d[n 9 ! /oop1 9 ! back ( ! h\se1 9 ! sun1 ^u ! floor4 ,& !re he lay1 ) m ! appe>ance ( a rott5 c>cass ?an a liv+ man1 = f\r days be=e he c\ld d m ?an move4 ,& :o 0 ?is inhuman be+ call+ ,god's prop]ty 8 own1 & ru+ x z he w\ld n h d>$ to use a bea/8 ,y may say he 0 a tig]--"o ( ! m wick$ sort1 & t we mu/ n judge o!rs by him4 ,he 0 a pr(essor ( t religion :i* w p\r ^u ! will+ slavehold] ! retribution due to 8 s94 ,we wi% to m5tion ano!r fact1 :i* our own eyes saw & our own e>s he>d4 ,we 7 call$ to ev5+ pray]s4 ,! family assembl$ ar\nd ! alt> ( _! accu/om$ devotions4 ,!re 0 "o female slave pres5t1 :o belong$ to ano!r ma/]1 b :o _h be5 hir$ = ! day & t>ri$ to att5d family wor%ip4 ,! preci\s ,bible 0 op5$1 & ne>ly half a *apt] _h be5 read1 :5 ! eye ( ! ma/]1 :o 0 read+1 obs]v$ t ! new female s]vant1 in/ead ( be+ seat$ l 8 own slaves1 flat ^u ! floor1 0 /&+ 9 a /oop+ po/ure ^u h] feet4 ,he told h] to sit d[n on ! floor4 ,%e said x 0 n h] cu/om at home4 ,he ord]$ h] aga9 to d x4 ,%e repli$ t h] ma/] did n require x4 ,irritat$ by ?is answ]1 he repeat$ly /ruck h] ^u ! head ) ! v ,bible he held 9 8 h&4 ,& n cont5t ) ?is1 he seiz$ 8 cane & can$ h] d[n /airs mo/ unm]cifully4 ,he !n return$ to resume 8 pr(ane "w1 b we ne$ n say t all ! family 7 n !re4 ,d y ask aga91 :o 0 ?is wick$ man8 ,he 0 a pr(essor ( religion66 ,rev4 ,,hunt+ton ,,lyman1 late pa/or ( ! ,free ,*ur* 9 ,buffalo1 ,new ,york1 says3-- ,walk+ "o day 9 ,new ,orleans ) a pr(essional g5tleman1 :o 0 educat$ 9 ,connecticut1 we 7 met by a black man2 ! g5tleman 0 greatly inc5s$ ) ! black man = pass+ s ne> him1 & turn+ ^u him he pu%$ him ) viol5ce (f walk into ! /reet4 ,?is man 0 a pr(essor ( religion4 7,& we add1 a memb]1 & if we mi/ake n an (fic] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* :i* 0 e/abli%$ !re by ,rev4 ,joel ,p>k]1 & :i* 0 !n "u 8 tea*+s-,,ed47 ,mr4 ,,ezekiel ,,birdseye1 a g5tleman ( kn[n probity1 9 ,cornwall1 ,lit*field c\nty1 ,conn4 gives ! te/imony :i* foll[s3-- ,a ,,bapti/ ,,cl]gyman 9 ,laur5s ,di/rict1 ,s4,c4 ,,:ipp$ ,,8 ,,slave ,,to ,,dea?1 :om he suspect$ ( hav+ /ol5 ab\t sixty doll>s4 ,! slave 0 9 ! prime ( life & 0 pur*as$ a few weeks be=e = #hjj ( a slave trad] f ,virg9ia or ,m>yl&4 ,! coron]1 ,wm4 ,irby1 at ^: h\se ,i 0 !n bo>d+1 told me1 t on review+ ! dead body1 he f\nd x beat to a jelly f head to foot4 ,! ma/]'s wife discov]$ ! money a day or two aft] ! dea? ( ! slave4 ,%e _h h]self remov$ x f :]e x 0 plac$1 n kn[+ :at x 01 z x 0 ti$ up 9 a ?ick envelope4 ,i happ5$ to be pres5t :5 ! trial ( ?is man took place1 at ,laur5s ,c\rt ,h\se4 ,8 daught] te/ifi$ t h] fa!r unti$ ! slave1 :5 he appe>$ to be fail+1 & gave him cold wat] to dr9k1 ( :i* he took freely4 ,8 c\nsel plead$ t 8 dea? might h be5 caus$ by dr9k+ cold wat] 9 a /ate ( excitem5t4 ,! ,judge *>g$ ! jury1 t x w\ld be _! duty to f9d ! def5dant guilty1 if !y believ$ ! dea? 0 caus$ by ! :ipp+2 b if !y 7 ( op9ion t dr9k+ cold wat] caus$ ! dea?1 !y w\ld f9d him n guilty6 ,! jury f\nd him--,,n ,,guilty6 ,dr4 ,,j]emiah ,s4 ,,waugh1 a physician 9 ,som]ville1 ,butl] c\nty1 ,ohio1 te/ifies z foll[s3-- ,9 ! ye> #ahbe1 ,i bo>d$ ) ! ,rev4 ,john ,mu%at1 a ,sec$] m9i/]1 & pr9cipal ( an academy 9 ,ir$el c\nty1 ,n4,c4 ,he _h slaves1 & 0 9 ! habit ( re/rict+ !m on ! ,sabba?4 ,"o ( 8 slaves1 h[ev]1 v5tur$ to disobey 8 injunctions4 ,! (f5ce 0 he w5t away on ,sabba? ev5+1 & did n return till ,monday morn+4 ,ab\t ! "t we 7 call$ to breakfa/1 ! ,rev4 g5tleman 0 engag$ 9 *a/is+ him = break+ ! ,sabba?4 ,he det]m9$ n to submit--attempt$ to escape by flight4 ,! ma/] imm$iately took d[n 8 gun & pursu$ him--levell$ 8 in/rum5t ( dea?1 & told him1 if he did n /op in/antly he w\ld bl[ him ?r\gh4 ,! poor slave return$ to ! h\se & submitt$ himself to ! la%2 & ! good ma/]1 :ile ,,yet ,,pale ,,) ,,rage1 sat d[n to ! table1 & ) a trembl+ voice ,,ask$ ,,god',s ,,bless+6 ,! foll[+ lett] 0 s5t by ,capt4 ,,jacob ,,dunham1 ( ,new ,york city1 to a slavehold] 9 ,georget[n1 ,d4,c4 m ?an tw5ty ye>s s9ce3 ,georget[n1 ,june #ac1 #ahae4 ,de> sir--,pass+ y\r h\se ye/]day1 ,i beheld a sc5e ( cruelty seldom witness$--t 0 ! brutal *a/isem5t ( y\r negro girl1 la%$ to a ladd] & beat5 9 an inhuman mann]1 too bad to describe4 ,my blood *ills :ile ,i contemplate ! subject4 ,?is has l$ me to inve/igate y\r "* f y\r neighbors2 :o in=m me t y h caus$ ! dea? ( "o negro man1 :om y /ruck ) a sl$ge = "s trivial fault--t y h beat5 ano!r black girl ) su* sev]ity t ! spl9t]s rema9$ 9 h] back = "s weeks aft] y sold h]--& _m o!r acts ( b>b>ity1 too l5g?y to enum]ate4 ,& to my great surprise1 ,i f9d y are a pr(essor ( ! ,*ri/ian religion6 ,y w naturally inquire1 :y ,i m$dle ) y\r family affairs4 ,my answ] is1 ! cause ( humanity & a s5se ( my duty requires x4--^! ha/y rem>ks ,i leave y to reflect on ! subject2 b wi% y to rememb]1 t !re is an all-see+ eye :o kn[s all our faults & w rew>d u accord+ to our de$s4 ,i rema91 sir1 y\rs1 c ,,jacob ,,dunham4 ,ma/] ( ! brig ,cyrus1 ( ,n4,y4 ,rev4 ,,sylve/] ,,c[les1 pa/or ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,fr$onia1 ,n4,y4 says3-- ,a "y man1 a memb] ( ! *ur* 9 ,conewango1 w5t to ,alabama la/ ye>1 to reside z a cl]k 9 an uncle's /ore4 ,:5 he _h be5 !re ab\t n9e mon?s1 he wrote 8 fa!r t he mu/ return home4 ,to see memb]s ( ! same *ur* sit at ! communion table ( our ,"l "o day1 & ! next to see "o seize any weapon & knock ! o!r d[n1 z he _h se51 he c\ld n live !re4 ,8 good fa!r =?) gave him p]mission to return home4 ,! foll[+ is a specim5 ( ! %ameless h>dihood ) :i* a pr(ess$ m9i/] ( ! ,gospel1 & editor ( a religi\s pap]1 assumes ! "r to hold ,god's image z a *attel4 ,x is f ! ,s\!rn ,*ri/ian ,h]ald3-- ,x is /at$ 9 ! ,georget[n ,union1 t a negro1 suppos$ to h di$ ( *ol]a1 :5 t disease prevail$ 9 ,*>le/on1 0 c>ri$ to ! public bury+ gr\nd to be int]r$2 b be=e int]m5t signs ( life appe>$1 &1 by ! use ( prop] means1 he 0 re/or$ to heal?4 ,& n[ ! man :o fir/ p]ceiv$ ! signs ( life 9 ! slave1 & t l$ to 8 pres]vation1 claims ! prop]ty z 8 own1 & is ab\t br++ suit = its recov]y4 ,z well might a man :o rescu$ 8 neighbor's slave1 or 8 horse1 f dr[n+1 or :o ext+ui%$ ! flames t w\ld o!rwise soon h burnt d[n 8 neighbor's h\se1 claim ! prop]ty z 8 own4 ,rev4 ,,george ,,b\rne1 ( ,new ,york city1 late ,editor ( ! ,prote/ant ,v9dicator1 :o 0 a prea*] sev5 ye>s 9 ,virg9ia1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony4#ci ,b5jam9 ,lewis1 :o 0 an eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 engag$ a c>p5t] to repair & enl>ge 8 h\se4 ,aft] "s "t _h elaps$1 ,kyle1 ! build]1 0 awak5$ v e>ly 9 ! morn+ by a mo/ pite\s moan+ & %riek+4 ,he arose1 & foll[+ ! s\nd1 discov]$ a color$ woman ne>ly nak$1 ti$ to a f5ce1 :ile ,lewis 0 lac]at+ h]4 ,kyle in/antly comm&$ ! slave driv] to desi/4 ,lewis ma9ta9$ 8 jurisdiction ov] 8 slaves1 & ?reat5$ ,kyle t he w\ld puni% him = 8 int]f]5ce4 ,f9ally ,kyle obta9$ ! release ( ! victim4 ,a second & a ?ird sc5e ( ! same k9d occurr$1 & on ! ?ird occasion ! alt]cation almo/ produc$ a battle betwe5 ! eld] & ! c>p5t]4 ,kyle imm$iately arrang$ 8 affairs1 pack$ up 8 tools & prep>$ to dep>t4 ',:]e are y go+8' dem&$ ,lewis4 ',i am go+ home2' said ,kyle4 ',!n ,i w pay y no?+ = :at y h done1' retort$ ! slave driv]1 'unless y complete y\r contract4' ,! c>p5t] w5t away ) ?is edify+ decl>ation1 ',i w n /ay "h a day long]2 = ,i expect ! fire ( ,god w come d[n & burn y up altoge!r1 & ,i d n *oose to g to hell ) y4' ,?r\gh hu%-money & promises n to :ip ! wom5 any m1 ,i believe ,kyle return$ & complet$ 8 engagem5t4 ,james ,kyle ( ,h>risonburg1 ,virg9ia1 frequ5tly n>rat$ t circum/ance1 & 8 son1 ! c>p5t]1 confirm$ x ) all ! m9ute p>ticul>s comb9$ ) 8 tempor>y resid5ce on ! ,%5&oah riv]4 ,john ,m',cue ( ,augu/a c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 a ,presbyt]ian prea*]1 frequ5tly on ! ,"l's day morn+1 ti$ up 8 slaves & :ipp$ !m2 & left !m b\nd1 :ile he w5t to ! meet+ h\se & prea*$--& aft] 8 return home repeat$ 8 sc\rg+4 ,t fact1 ) o!rs m he9\s1 0 kn[n to all p]sons 9 8 congregation & ar\nd ! vic9ity2 & s f> f be+ c5sur$ = x1 he & 8 bre?r5 ju/ifi$ x z ess5tial to pres]ve _! 'dome/ic in/itutions4' ,mrs4 ,p5ce1 ( ,rock+ham c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 us$ to boa/1--',i am ! be/ h& to :ip a w5* 9 ! :ole c\nty4' ,%e us$ to p9ion ! girls to a po/ 9 ! y>d on ! ,"l's day morn+1 sc\rge !m1 put on ! 'negro pla/]1' salt1 pepp]1 & v9eg>1 leave !m ti$1 & walk away to *ur* z demure z a nun1 & aft] s]vice repeat h] flay+1 if %e felt ! :im4 ,i once expo/ulat$ ) h] ^u h] cruelly4 ',mrs4 ,p5ce1 h[ c y :ip y\r girls s publicly & di/urb y\r neighbors s on ! ,"l's day morn+4' ,h] answ] 0 memorable4 ',if ,i 7 to :ip !m on any o!r day ,i %\ld lose a day's "w2 b by :ipp+ !m on ,sunday1 _! backs get well en\gh by ,monday morn+4' ,t woman1 if alive1 is d\btless a memb] ( ! *ur* n[1 z !n4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/aughton1 =m]ly ( ,philadelphia1 (t5 /at$1 t :5 he liv$ at ,georget[n1 ,s4,c4 he c\ld tell ! do+s ( "o ( ! slavehold]s ( ! ,bapti/ *ur* !re by 8 pray]s at ! pray] meet+4 ',if1' said he1 't man 0 ^u good t]ms ) 8 slaves1 8 words 7 cold & he>tless z fro/2 if he _h be5 :ipp+ a man1 he w\ld pray ) life2 b if he _h left a woman :om he _h be5 flogg+1 ti$ to a po/ 9 8 cell>1 ) a det]m9ation to g back & torture h] aga91 ,o6 h[ he w\ld pray6' ,! ,rev4 ,cyrus ,p4 ,grosv5or ( ,massa*usetts c confirm ! above /atem5t by ,dr4 ,/aughton4 ,william ,wilson1 a ,presbyt]ian prea*] ( ,augu/a c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 _h a "y color$ girl :o 0 con/itutionally unheal?y4 ,z no means to am5d h] 7 avail+1 he sold h] to a memb] ( 8 congregation1 & 9 ! usual /yle ( human fle% deal]s1 w>rant$ h] 's\nd1' c4 ,! fraud 0 in/antly discov]$2 b he w\ld n refund ! am\nt4 ,a suit 0 comm5c$1 & 0 long cont9u$1 & f9ally ! pla9tiff recov]$ ! money out ( :i* he _h be5 sw9dl$ by slave-trad+ ) 8 own prea*]4 ,no ,presbyt]y c5sur$ him1 al?\gh ,judge ,br[n1 ! *ancellor1 sev]ely condemn$ ! imposition4 ,9 ! ye> #ahaa1 ,johab ,graham1 a prea*]1 liv$ ) ,alex&] ,nelson a ,presbyt]ian eld]1 ne> ,/anton1 ,virg9ia1 & he in=m$ me t a man _h appe>$ be=e ,nelson1 :o 0 a magi/rate1 & swore falsely aga9/ 8 slave1--t ! eld] ord]$ him ?irty-n9e la%es4 ,all t wick$ness 0 done z an excuse = 8 dissipat$ own] to obta9 money4 ,a negro trad] _h (f]$ him a consid]able sum = ! 'boy1' & "u ! pret5ce ( sav+ him f ! puni%m5t ( ! law1 he 0 traffick$ away f 8 woman & *ildr5 to ano!r /ate4 ,! magi/rate 0 aw>e ( ! p]jury1 & ! :ole abom9ation1 b all ! tru? utt]$ by e color$ p]son 9 ! s\!rn /ates w\ld n be ( any avail aga9/ ! notori\s false swe>+ ( ! greate/ :ite villa9 :o ev] curs$ ! _w4 ',h[1' said ,johab ,graham1 c ,i prea* to-morr[8' ,i repli$1 ',v well2 g & ?und] ! doctr9e ( retribution 9 _! e>s1 ,obadiah #ae1 till by ! div9e bless+ y kill or cure !m4 ,my fri5ds1 ,john ,m4 ,nelson ( ,hillsbor\gh1 ,ohio1 ,samuel ,l9n1 & ,rob]t ,h]ron1 & o!rs ( ! same vic9ity1 c\ld 'make bo? ! e>s ( e "o :o he>e? !m t+le' ) ! acc\nts :i* !y c give ( slave-driv+ by pr(essors ( religion 9 ! ,%5&oah ,valley1 ,virg9ia4 ,9 #ahae1 ne> ,fr$]ick1 9 ,m>yl&1 a mo/ b>b>\s plant] 0 kill$ 9 a fit ( desp]ation1 by f\r ( 8 slaves 9 self-def5ce4 ,x 0 decl>$ by ^? slaves :ile 9 prison t1 besides 8 atrocities among _! female associates1 he _h delib]ately but*]$ a numb] ( 8 slaves4 ,! f\r m5 7 murd]$ by law1 to appease ! popul> clamor4 ,i saw !m execut$ on ! tw5ty-eigh? day ( ,jan'y1 #ahaf4 ,! facts ,i receiv$ f ! ,rev4 ,patrick ,davidson ( ,fr$]ick1 :o con/antly visit$ !m dur+ _! imprisonm5t--& :o became an abolitioni/ 9 consequ5ce ( ! disclosures :i* he he>d f ^? m5 9 ! jail4 ,! "n ( ! plant] is n di/9ctly recollect$1 b x c be kn[n by a inspection ( ! record ( ! trial 9 ! cl]k's (fice1 ,fr$]ick4 ,a m9i/] ( ,virg9ia1 /ill liv+1 & ^: "n mu/ n be m5tion$ = fe> ( ,n]o ,pre/on & 8 conf$]ate-hang+ myrmidons1 in=m$ me ( ?is fact 9 #ahae1 9 8 own h\se4 ',a memb] ( my *ur*1 said he1 lately :ipp$ a color$ y\? to dea?4 ,:at %all ,i d8' ,i answ]$1 ',i hope y d n mean to cont9ue him 9 y\r *ur*4' ,t m9i/] repli$1 ',h[ c we help x' ,we d>e n call him to an acc\nt4 ,we h no legal te/imony4' ,_! communion season 0 !n approa*+4 ,i address$ 8 wife1--',mrs4 ---- d y mean to sit at ! ,"l's table ) t murd]]8'--1',n ,i1' %e answ]$3 ',i w\ld z soon commune ) ! devil himself4' ,! slave kill] 0 equally unnotic$ by ! civil & ecclesia/ical au?ority4 ,john ,baxt]1 a ,presbyt]ian eld]1 ! bro!r ( t slavehold+ doctor 9 div9ity1 ,george ,a4 ,baxt]1 held z a slave ! wife ( a ,bapti/ color$ prea*]1 famili>ly call$ ',uncle ,jack4' ,9 a late p]iod ( pregnancy he sc\rg$ h] s t ! lives ( h]self & h] unborn *ild 7 consid]$ 9 jeop>dy4 ,uncle ,jack 0 advis$ to obta9 ! lib]ation ( 8 wife4 ,baxt] f9ally agre$1 ,i ?9k1 to sell ! woman & h] *ildr51 ?ree ( !m1 ,i believe = six hundr$ doll>s1 & an additional hundr$ if ! unborn *ild surviv$ a c]ta9 p]iod aft] its bir?4 ,uncle ,jack 0 to pay "o hundr$ doll>s p] annum = 8 wife & *ildr5 = sev5 ye>s1 & ,baxt] held a sort ( mortgage ^u !m = ! paym5t4 ,uncle ,jack %[$ me 8 back 9 furr[s l a pl\gh$ field4 ,8 ma/] us$ to :ip up ! fle%1 !n beat x d[nw>ds1 & !n apply ! 'negro pla/]1' salt1 pepp]1 mu/>d1 & v9eg>1 until all ,jack's back 0 almo/ z h>d & unimpressible z ! bones4 ,!re is slavehold+ religion6 ,a ,presbyt]ian eld] receiv+ f a ,bapti/ prea*] sev5 hundr$ doll>s = 8 wife & *ildr54 ,james ,kyle & uncle ,jack us$ to tell t /ory ) great ,*ri/ian s5sibility2 & uncle ,jack w\ld weep te>s ( angui% ov] 8 wife's pite\s tale1 & te>s ( ec/asy at ! same mom5t t he 0 free1 & t soon1 by ! grace ( ,god1 8 wife & *ildr51 z he said1 'w\ld be all free toge!r4' ,rev4 ,,james ,,n\rse1 a ,presbyt]ian cl]gyman ( ,mifflia co4 ,p5n41 ^: fa!r is1 we believe1 a slavehold] 9 ,wa%+ton ,city1 says1-- ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,m----1 n[ ( ! ,hunt+don ,presbyt]y1 aft] an abs5ce ( _m mon?s1 0 ab\t visit+ 8 old fri5ds on :at is commonly call$ ! ',ea/]n ,%ore4' ,late 9 ! aft]noon1 on 8 j\rney1 he call$ at ! h\se ( ,rev4 ,a4,c4 ( ,p----t[n1 ,md4 ,) ?is bro!r he _h be5 long acqua9t$4 ,j at t juncture ,mr4 ,c4 0 ab\t proce$+ to :ip a color$ female1 :o 0 8 slave4 ,%e 0 firmly ti$ to a po/ 9 ,,front ( 8 dwell+-h\se4 ,! arrival ( a cl]ical visitor at su* a "t1 occasion$ a tempor>y delay 9 ! execution ( ,mr4 ,c's purpose4 ,b ! delay 0 only tempor>y2 = n ev5 ! pres5ce ( su* a gue/ c\ld de/roy ! bloody design4 ,! gue/ int]c$$ ) all ! mildness yet e>ne/ness ( a bro!r & new visitor4 ,b all 9 va91 '! woman _h be5 saucy & mu/ be puni%$4' ,! c[hide 0 accord+ly produc$1 & ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,c41 a l>ge & v /\t man1 appli$ x 'manfully' on 'woman's' b>e & '%r9k+ fle%4' ,i say b>e1 because y "k t ! slave wom5 g5]ally h b ?ree or f\r in*es ( ! arm ne> ! %\ld] cov]$1 & ! neck is left entirely expos$4 ,z ! c[hide mov$ back & =w>d1 /rik+ "r & left1 on ! head1 neck & arms1 at e few /rokes ! sympa?iz+ gue/ w\ld exclaim1 ',o1 bro!r ,c4 desi/' ,b bro!r ,c4 pursu$ 8 brutal "w1 till1 aft] inflict+ ab\t sixty la%es1 ! woman 0 f\nd to be suffus$ ) blood on ! h9d] "p ( h] neck1 & "u h] frock betwe5 ! %\ld]s4 ,yet ?is ,rev4 g5tleman is well e/eem$ 9 ! *ur*--01 ?ree or f\r ye>s s9ce1 mod]ator ( ! synod ( ,philadelphia1 & yet walks abroad1 feel+ himself unrebuk$ by law or gospel4 ,ah1 sir does n ?is n>ration give fe>ful =ce to ! qu]y--,:at has ! *ur* to d ) slav]y8' ,comm5t on ! facts is unnecess>y1 yet all[ me to conclude by say+1 t x is my op9ion su* occurr5ces are n r>e 9 ! s\?4 ,j4,n4 ,,rev4 ,,*>les ,,/ew>t ,,r5%aw1 ( ,qu9cy1 ,ill9ois1 9 a rec5t lett]1 speak+ ( 8 resid5ce1 = a p]iod1 9 ,k5tucky1 says-- ,9 a conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,rob]t ,willis1 he told me t 8 negro girl _h run away f him "s "t previ\s4 ,he 0 conv9c$ t %e 0 lurk+ r\nd1 & he wat*$ = h]4 ,he soon f\nd ! place ( h] concealm5t1 drew h] f x1 got a rope1 & ti$ h] h&s across ea* o!r1 !n ?rew ! rope ov] a beam 9 ! kit*51 & hoi/$ h] up by ! wri/s2 '&1' said he1 ',i :ipp$ h] !re till ,i made ! l9t fly1 ,i tell y4' ,i ask$ him ! mean+ ( mak+ '! l9t fly1' & he repli$1 'till ! blood flew4' ,i spoke ( ! iniquity & cruelty ( slav]y1 & ( its imm$iate ab&onm5t4 ,he confess$ x an evil1 b said1 ',i am a colonizationi/--,i believe 9 t s*eme4' ,mr4 ,willis is a tea*] ( sacr$ music1 & a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,lex+ton1 ,k5tucky4 ,mr4 ,r4 speak+ ( ! ,,presbyt]ian ,,m9i/] & *ur* :]e he resid$1 says3 ,! m9i/] & all ! *ur* memb]s held slaves4 ,"s 7 treat$ k9dly1 o!rs h>%ly4 ,!re 0 n a %ade ( diff]5ce betwe5 _! slaves & ^? ( _! infidel neighbors1 ei!r 9 _! physical1 intellectual1 or moral /ate3 9 "s cases !y w\ld suff] 9 ! comp>ison4 ,9 ! kit*5 ( ! m9i/] ( ! *ur*1 a slave man 0 liv+ 9 op5 adult]y ) a slave woman1 :o 0 a memb] ( ! *ur*1 ) an 'assur$ hope' ( heav5--:il/ ! man's wife 0 on ! m9i/]'s f>m 9 ,fayette c\nty4 ,! m9i/] _h to br+ a cook d[n f 8 f>m to ! place 9 :i* he 0 prea*+4 ,! *oice 0 betwe5 ! wife ( ! man & ?is *ur* memb]4 ,he left ! wife1 & br\ght ! *ur* memb] to ! adult]]'s b$4 ,a ,,me?odi/ ,,prea*] la/ fall took a load ( produce d[n ! riv]4 ,among/ o!r ?+s he took d[n five slaves4 ,he sold !m at ,new ,orleans--he came up to ,nat*ez--b\ght sev5 !re--& took !m d[n & sold !m also4 ,la/ ,m>* he came up to prea* ! ,gospel aga94 ,a numb] ( p]sons on bo>d ! /eamboat 7! ,tusc>ora47 :o _h se5 him 9 ! slave-%ambles 9 ,nat*ez & ,new ,orleans1 & n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 f\nd him to be a prea*]1 _h mu* sport at ! exp5se ( '! f9e old prea*] :o dealt 9 slaves4' ,a non-pr(essor ( religion1 9 ,campbell c\nty1 ,ky4 sold a female & two *ildr5 to a ,me?odi/ pr(essor1 ) ! proviso t !y %\ld n leave t region ( c\ntry4 ,! slave-driv] came1 & (f]$ #e m = ! woman ?an he _h giv51 & he sold h]4 ,%e is n[ 9 ! l[] c\ntry1 & h] orphan babes are 9 ,k5tucky4 ,i 0 mu* %ock$ once1 to see a ,presbyt]ian eld]'s wife call a little slave to h] to kiss h] feet4 ,at fir/ ! boy hesitat$--b ! comm& be+ repeat$ 9 tones n to be misund]/ood1 be approa*$ timidly1 knelt1 & kiss$ h] foot4 ,rev4 ,w4,t4 ,,allan1 ( ,*a?am1 ,ill9ois1 gives ! foll[+ 9 a lett] dat$ ,feb4 #d1 #ahci3 ,mr4 ,pet] ,van>sdale1 an eld] ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,c>rollton1 =m]ly f ,k5tucky1 told me1 ! o!r day1 t a ,mrs4 ,bur=d1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,h>rodsburg1 ,k5tucky1 _h sep>at$ a woman & h] *ildr5 f _! husb& & fa!r1 tak+ !m into ano!r /ate4 ,mrs4 ,b4 0 a memb] ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,! b]eav$ husb& & fa!r 0 also a pr(essor ( religion4 ,mr4 ,v4 told me ( a slave woman :o _h lo/ h] son1 sep>at$ f h] by public sale4 ,9 ! angui% ( h] s\l1 %e gave v5t to h] indignation freely1 & p]haps h>%ly4 ,sometime aft]1 %e wi%$ to become a memb] ( ! *ur*4 ,be=e !y receiv$ h]1 %e _h to make humble confession = speak+ z %e _h done4 ,"s ( ! eld]s t receiv$ h]1 & requir$ ! confession1 7 engag$ is sell+ ! son f 8 "m4 ,! foll[+ communication f ! ,rev4 ,,william ,,b>dwell1 ( ,s&wi*1 ,massa*usetts1 has j be5 publi%$ 9 ,zion's ,wat*man1 ,new ,york city3 ,mr4 ,editor3--,! foll[+ fact 0 giv5 me la/ ev5+1 f ! p5 ( a %ipma/]1 :o has trad$ 9 sev]al ( ! pr9cipal ports 9 ! s\?4 ,he is a man ( unblemi%$ "*1 a memb] ( ! ,m4,e4 ,*ur* 9 ?is place1 & famili>ly kn[n 9 ?is t[n4 ,! facts 7 communicat$ to me la/ fall 9 a lett] to 8 wife1 ) a reque/ t %e w\ld cause !m to be publi%$4 ,i give v]batim1 z !y 7 writt5 f ! lett] by bro!r ,p]ry's own h& :ile ,i 0 9 8 h\se4 ,a ,me?odi/ prea*]1 ,wm4 ,:itby by "n1 :o m>ri$ 9 ,bucksville1 ,s4,c41 & by m>riage came into possession ( "s slaves1 9 ,july1 #ahch1 0 ab\t mov+ to ano!r /ation to prea*1 & wi%$1 also1 to move 8 family & slaves to ,t5nessee1 mu* aga9/ ! w ( ! slaves1 "o ( :i*1 to get cle> f him1 ran into ! woods aft] swimm+ a brook4 ,! p>son took aft] him ) 8 gun1 :i*1 h[ev]1 got wet & miss$ fire1 :5 he ran to a neighbor = ano!r gun1 ) ! int5tion1 z he said1 ( kill+ him3 he did n1 h[ev]1 cat* or kill him2 he *a9$ ano!r = fe> ( 8 runn+ away also4 ,! above p>ticul>s 7 relat$ to me by ,william ,:itby himself4 ,,?omas ,c4 ,,p]ry4 ,m>* #c1 #ahci4 ,i f9d by exam9+ ! m9utes ( ! ,s4,c4 ,conf]5ce1 t !re is su* a prea*] 9 ! ,conf]5ce1 & bro!r ,p]ry fur!r /at$ to me t he 0 well acqua9t$ ) him1 & if ?is /atem5t 0 publi%$1 & if x c\ld be kn[n :]e he 0 s9ce ! la/ ,conf]5ce1 he wi%$ a pap] to be s5t him conta9+ ! :ole affair4 ,he also /at$ to me1 v]bally1 t ! "y man he attempt$ to %oot 0 ab\t n9ete5 ye>s ( age1 & _h be5 %ut up 9 a corn-h\se1 & 9 ! attempt ( ,mr4 ,:itby to *a9 him1 he broke d[n ! door & made 8 escape z above m5tion$1 & t ,mr4 ,w4 0 "u ! necessity ( hir+ him out = "o ye>1 ) ! risk ( 8 employ]'s gett+ him4 ,bro!r ,p]ry conv]s$ ) "o ( ! slaves1 :o 0 s old t he ?\ght x n pr(itable to remove s f>1 & _h be5 sold2 he in=m$ him ( all ! above circum/ances1 & said1 ) te>s1 t he ?\ght he _h be5 s fai?ful z to be entitl$ to lib]ty1 b in/ead ( mak+ him free1 he _h sold him to ano!r ma/]1 besides p>t+ "o husb& & wife f ^? ties r5d]$ a ?\s& times de>] by an infant *ild :i* 0 torn = ev] f ! husb&4 ,,william ,,b>dwell4 ,s&wi*1 ,mass41 ,m>* #d1 #ahci4 ,mr4 ,,william ,,poe1 till rec5tly a slavehold] 9 ,virg9ia1 n[ an eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* at ,delhi1 ,ohio1 gives ! foll[+ te/imony3-- ,an eld] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ,lyn*burg _h a mo/ fai?ful s]vant1 :om he flogg$ sev]ely & s5t him to prison1 & _h him conf9$ z a felon a numb] ( days1 = be+ saucy4 ,ano!r eld] ( ! same *ur*1 an auctione]1 habitually sold slaves at 8 /&--v frequ5tly p>t$ families--w\ld (t5 g into ! c\ntry to sell slaves on execution & o!rwise2 :5 remon/rat$ )1 he ju/ifi$ himself1 say+1 'x 0 8 bus9ess2' ! *ur* also ju/ifi$ him on ! same gr\nd4 ,a ,doctor ,duval1 ( ,lyn*burg1 ,va4 got (f5d$ ) a v fai?ful1 wor?y s]vant1 & imm$iately sold him to a negro trad]1 to be tak5 to ,new ,orleans2 ,duval /ill keep+ ! wife ( ! man z 8 slave4 ,?is ,duval 0 a pr(essor ( religion4 ,mr4 ,,samuel ,,hall1 a tea*] 9 ,m>ietta ,college1 ,ohio1 says1 9 a rec5t lett]3-- ,a /ud5t 9 ,m>ietta ,college1 f ,mississippi1 a pr(essor ( religion1 & 9 e way wor?y ( entire confid5ce1 made to me ! foll[+ /atem5t4 ,if 8 "n 7 publi%$ x w\ld probably co/ him 8 life4 ,:5 ,i 0 9 ! family ( ! ,rev4 ,james ,m>t91 ( ,l\isville1 ,w9/on c\nty1 ,mississippi1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahch1 ,mrs4 ,m>t9 became (f5d$ at a female slave1 because %e did n move fa/]4 ,%e comm&$ h] to d s2 ! girl quick5$ h] pace2 aga9 %e 0 ord]$ to move fa/]1 or1 ,mrs4 ,m4 decl>$1 %e w\ld break ! broom/ick ov] h] head4 ,aga9 ! slave quick5$ h] pace2 b n com+ up to ! maximum desir$ by ,mrs4 ,m4 ! latt] decl>$ %e w\ld see :e!r %e 7! slave7 c\ld move or n3 &1 go+ into ano!r ap>tm5t1 %e br\ght 9 a raw hide1 await+ ! return ( h] husb& = its application4 ,9 ?is in/ance ,i "k n :at 0 ! f9al result1 b ,i h he>d ! s\nd ( ! raw-hide 9 at lea/ two o!r in/ances1 appli$ by ?is same rev]5d g5tleman to ! back ( 8 female s]vant4 ,mr4 ,hall adds--,! "n ( my in=mant mu/ be suppress$1 z he says1 !re are ^? :o w\ld cut my ?roat 9 a mom5t1 if ! in=mation ,i give 7 to be c\pl$ ) my "n4 ,suffice x to say t he is a pr(essor ( religion1 a native ( ,virg9ia1 & a /ud5t ( ,m>ietta ,college1 ^: "* w be> ! /ricte/ scrut9y4 ,he says3-- ,9 #ahch1 at ,*>le/[n1 ,va4 ,i conv]s$ ) sev]al memb]s ( ! *ur* "u ! c>e ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,br[n1 ( ! same place4 ,tak+ occasion to speak ( slav]y1 & ( ! s9 ( slavehold+1 to "o ( !m :o 0 a lady1 %e repli$1 ,i am a slavehold]1 & ,i glory 9 x4 ,i _h a conv]sation1 a few days aft]1 ) ! pa/or himself1 conc]n+ ! /ate ( religion 9 8 *ur*1 & :o 7 ! mo/ exempl>y memb]s 9 x4 ,! pa/or m5tion$ sev]al ( ^? :o 7 ( t description2 ! fir/ ( :om1 h[ev]1 0 ! id5tical lady :o glori$ 9 be+ a slavehold]6 ,t *ur* numb]s ne>ly two hundr$ memb]s4 ,ano!r lady1 :o 0 consid]$ z devot$ a ,*ri/ian z any 9 ! same *ur*1 b :o 0 9 poor heal?1 0 accu/om$ to flog "s ( h] female dome/ics ) a raw-hide till %e 0 exhau/$1 & !n g & lie d[n till h] /r5g? 0 recruit$1 ris+ aga9 & resum+ ! flagellation4 ,?is %e consid]$ z n at all d]ogatory to h] ,*ri/ian "*4 ,mr4 ,,joel ,s4 ,,b+ham1 ( ,cornwall1 ,v]mont1 lately a /ud5t 9 ,middlebury ,college1 & a memb] ( ! ,congregational ,*ur*1 sp5t a few weeks 9 ,k5tucky1 9 ! summ] ( #ahch4 ,he relates ! foll[+ occurr5ce :i* took place 9 ! neighborhood :]e he resid$1 & 0 a matt] ( p]fect notoriety 9 ! vic9ity4 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,lewis1 a ,bapti/ m9i/] 9 ! vic9ity ( ,frank=t1 ,ky4 _h a slave t ran away1 b 0 retak5 & br\ght back to 8 ma/]1 :o ?reat5$ him ) puni%m5t = mak+ an attempt to escape4 ,?\gh t]rifi$ ! slave imm$iately attempt$ to run away aga94 ,mr4 ,l4 comm&$ him to /op1 b he did n obey4 ,mr4 ,l4 !n took a gun1 load$ ) small %ot & fir$ at ! slave1 :o fell2 b 0 n kill$1 & aft]w>d recov]$4 ,mr4 ,l4 did n probably int5d to kill ! slave1 z x 0 8 legs :i* 7 aim$ at & receiv$ ! cont5ts ( ! gun4 ,! ma/] ass]t$ t he 0 driv5 to ?is necessity to ma9ta9 8 au?ority4 ,?is took place ab\t ! fir/ ( ,july1 #ahch4 ,! foll[+ is giv5 ^u ! au?ority ( ,rev4 ,,orange ,,scott1 ( ,l[ell1 ,mass4 = _m ye>s a presid+ eld] 9 ! ,me?odi/ ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,rev4 ,joseph ,h\gh1 a ,bapti/ m9i/]1 =m]ly ( ,spr+field1 ,mass4 n[ ( ,pla9field1 ,n4,h4 :ile travel+ 9 ! s\?1 a few ye>s ago1 put up "o night ) a ,me?odi/ family1 & sp5t ! ,sabba? ) !m4 ,:ile !re1 "o ( ! female slaves did some?+ :i* displeas$ h] mi/ress4 ,%e took a *isel & mallet1 & v delib]ately cut (f "o ( h] toes6 ,,slave ,,bre$+ ,,an ,,index ,,( ,,public ',,op9ion' ,,among ,,! ',,highe/ ,,class ,,( ,,society' ,,9 ,,virg9ia ,,& ,,o!r ,,nor!rn ,,slave ,,/ates4 ,b we %all be told1 t 'slave-bre$]s' are reg>d$ ) contempt1 & ! bus9ess ( slave bre$+ is look$ ^u z despicable2 & ! hot disclaim] ( ,mr4 ,/ev5son1 our ,m9i/] ,pl5ipot5ti>y at ! ,c\rt ( ,/4 ,james1 9 reply to ,mr4 ,o',connell1 :o _h intimat$ t he might be a 'slave bre$]1' w d\btless be quot$4#dj ,9 reply1 we ne$ n say :at e body kn[s1 t if ,mr4 ,/ev5son is n a 'slave bre$]1' he is a solit>y exception among ! l>ge slavehold]s ( ,virg9ia4 ,:at6 ,virg9ia slavehold]s n 'slave-bre$]s8' ! pret5ce is ridicul\s & contemptible2 x is meanness1 hypocrisy1 & falsehood1 z is abundantly prov$ by ! te/imony :i* foll[s3-- ,mr4 ,,gholson1 ( ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee* 9 ! ,legislature ( t /ate1 ,jan4 #ah1 #ahcb1 7see ,ri*mond ,:ig17 says3-- ,x has always 7p]haps errone\sly7 be5 consid]$ by /eady & old-fa%ion$ p1 t ! own] ( l& _h a reasonable "r to its annual pr(its2 ! own] ( or*>ds1 to _! annual fruits2 ! own] ( brood m>es1 to _! product2 & ! own] ( female slaves1 to _! increase4 ,we h n ! f9e-spun intellig5ce1 nor legal acum51 to discov] ! te*nical di/9ctions drawn by g5tlem54 ,! legal maxim ( ',p>tus sequitur v5trem' is coeval ) ! exi/5ce ( ! rights ( prop]ty itself1 & is f\nd$ 9 wisdom & ju/ice4 ,x is on ! ju/ice & inviolability ( ?is maxim t ! ma/] =egoes ! s]vice ( ! female slave2 has h] nurs$ & att5d$ dur+ ! p]iod ( h] ge/ation1 & raises ! helpless & infant (fspr+4 ,! value ( ! prop]ty ju/ifies ! exp5se2 & ,i d n hesitate to say1 t 9 its increase consi/s mu* ( our weal?4 ,hon4 ,,?omas ,,mann ,,r&olph1 ( ,virg9ia4 =m]ly ,gov]nor ( t /ate1 9 8 spee* be=e ! legislature 9 #ahcb1 :ile speak+ ( ! numb] ( slaves annually sold f ,virg9ia to ! m s\!rn slave /ates1 said3-- ,! exportation has av]ag$ ,,eight ,,?\s& ,,five ,,hundr$ = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,=ty ye>s ago1 ! :ites exce$$ ! color$ #be1jjj1 ! color$ n[ exce$ ! :ites #ha1jjj2 & ^! results too dur+ an exportation ( ne> #bfj1jjj slaves s9ce ! ye> #agij1 n[ p]haps ! fruitful prog5itors ( half a million 9 o!r /ates4 ,x is a practice & an increas+ practice1 9 p>ts ( ,virg9ia1 to re> slaves = m>ket4 ,h[ c an honorable m9d1 a patriot & a lov] ( 8 c\ntry1 be> to see ?is anci5t dom9ion conv]t$ into "o gr& m5ag]ie1 :]e m5 are to be re>$ = m>ket1 l ox5 = ! %ambles4 ,pr(essor ,,dew1 n[ ,presid5t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,william & ,m>y1 ,virg9ia1 9 8 ,review ( ! ,debate 9 ! ,virg9ia ,legislature1 #ahca-b1 says1 p #di4 ,f all ! in=mation we c obta91 we h no hesitation 9 say+ t upw>ds ( six ?\s& slaves are ye>ly export$ f ,virg9ia to o!r /ates4' ,aga91 p4 #fa3 ',! #fjjj slaves :i* ,virg9ia annually s5ds (f to ! s\?1 are a s\rce ( weal? to ,virg9ia'--,aga91 p4 #abj3 ',a full equival5t be+ ?us left 9 ! place ( ! slave1 ?is emigration becomes an advantage to ! /ate1 & does n *eck ! black population z mu* z1 at fir/ view1 we might imag9e--because x furni%es e inducem5t to ! ma/] to att5d to ! negroes1 to ,,enc\rage ,,bre$+1 & to cause ! greate/ numb] possible to be rais$4 c4 ,virg9ia is1 9 fact1 a negro-rais+ /ate = o!r /ates4 ,extract f ! spee* ( ,,mr4 ,,faulkn]1 9 ! ,va4 ,h\se ( ,delegates1 #ahcb4 ,see ,ri*mond ,:ig4 ,b he ,mr4 ,gholson1 has labor$ to %[ t ! ,abolition ( ,slav]y1 7 x practicable1 w\ld be impolitic1 because z ! drift ( ?is portion ( 8 argum5t runs1 y\r slaves con/itute ! entire weal? ( ! /ate1 all ! productive capacity ,virg9ia possesses4 ,&1 sir1 z ?+s are1 ,i believe he is correct4 ,he says1 & 9 ?is he is su/a9$ by ! g5tleman f ,halifax1 ,mr4 ,bruce1 t ! slaves con/itute ! entire available weal? at pres5t1 ( ,ea/]n ,virg9ia4 ,is x true t = #bjj ye>s ! only increase 9 ! weal? & res\rces ( ,virg9ia1 has be5 a remnant ( ! natural increase ( ?is mis]able race8--,c x be1 t on ?is increase1 %e places h] solo dep5d5ce8 ,i _h always und]/ood t indol5ce & extravagance 7 ! necess>y concomitants ( slav]y2 b1 until ,i he>d ^! decl>ations1 ,i _h n fully conceiv$ ! horrible ext5t ( ?is evil4 ,^! g5tlem5 /ate ! fact1 :i* ! hi/ory & pres5t aspect ( ! ,comm[eal? b too well su/a94 ,! g5tlem5's facts & argum5t 9 support ( 8 plea ( impolicy1 to me1 seem r unhappy4 ,to me1 su* a /ate ( ?+s w\ld itself be conclusive at lea/1 t some?+1 ev5 z a measure ( policy1 %\ld be done4 ,:at1 sir1 h y liv$ = two hundr$ ye>s1 )\t p]sonal ef=t or productive indu/ry1 9 extravagance & indol5ce1 su/a9$ alone by ! return f sales ( ! increase ( slaves1 & reta9+ m]ely su* a numb] z y\r n[ impov]i%$ l&s c su/a91 ,,z ,,/ock1 dep5d+1 too1 ^u a mo/ unc]ta9 m>ket8 ,:5 t m>ket is clos$1 z 9 ! nature ( ?+s x mu/ be1 :at !n w become ( ?is g5tleman's hundr$ millions wor? ( slaves1 ,,& ,,! ,,annual ,,product8 ,9 ! debates 9 ! ,virg9ia ,conv5tion1 9 #ahbi1 ,judge ,up%] said--,! value ( slaves z an article ( prop]ty & x is 9 t view only t !y are legitimate subjects ( taxation dep5ds mu* on ! /ate ( ! m>ket abroad4 ,9 ?is view1 x is ! value ( l& abroad1 & n ( l& "h1 :i* furni%es ! ratio4 ,x is well kn[n to u all1 t no?+ is m fluctuat+ ?an ! value ( slaves4 ,a late law ( ,l\isiana r$uc$ _! value #be p] c5t1 9 two h\rs aft] its passage 0 kn[n4 ,,if ,,x ,,%\ld ,,be ,,our ,,lot1 ,,z ,i ,,tru/ ,,x ,,w ,,be1 ,,to ,,acquire ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,( ,,texas1 ,,_! ,,price ,,w ,,rise ,,aga94--p4 #gg4 ,mr4 ,goode1 ,( ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee* be=e ! ,virg9ia ,legislature1 9 ,jan4 #ahcb1 ,see ,ri*mond ,:ig1 ( t date1 said3-- ,! sup]ior usefulness ( ! slaves 9 ! s\?1 w con/itute an effectual dem&1 :i* w remove !m f our limits4 ,we %all s5d !m f our /ate1 because x w be our int]e/ to d s4 ,our plant]s are already becom+ f>m]s4 ,_m :o grew tobacco z _! only /aple1 h already introduc$1 & comm+l$ ! :eat crop4 ,!y are already semi-f>m]s2 & 9 ! natural c\rse ( ev5ts1 !y mu/ become m & m s4--,z ! great] quantity ( ri* we/]n l&s are appropriat$ to ! production ( ! /aple ( our plant]s1 t /aple w become less pr(itable4--,we %all gradually div]t our l&s f its production1 until we %all become actual f>m]s4--,!n w ! necessity = slave labor dim9i%2 !n w ! effectual dem& dim9i%1 & !n w ! quantity ( slaves dim9i%1 until !y %all be adapt$ to ! effectual dem&4 ,b g5tlem5 are al>m$ le/ ! m>kets ( o!r /ates be clos$ aga9/ ! introduction ( our slaves4 ,sir1 ! dem& = slave labor ,,mu/ ,,increase ?r\gh ! ,s\? & ,we/4 ,x has be5 h]et(ore limit$ by ! want ( capital2 b :5 emigrants %all be reliev$ f _! emb>rassm5ts1 contract$ by ! pur*ase ( _! l&s1 ! annual pr(its ( _! e/ates1 w con/itute an accumulat+ capital1 :i* !y w seek to inve/ 9 labor4 ,t ! dem& = labor mu/ increase 9 proportion to ! increase ( capital1 is "o ( ! demon/rations ( political economi/s2 & ,i confess1 t = ! removal ( slav]y f ,virg9ia1 ,i look to ! efficacy ( t pr9ciple2 toge!r ) ! circum/ance t our s\!rn bre?r5 are con/ra9$ to cont9ue plant]s1 by _! position1 soil & climate4 ,! foll[+ is f ,niles' ,weekly ,regi/]1 publi%$ at ,baltimore1 ,md4 vol4 #ce1 p4 #d4 ,deal+ 9 slaves has become a l>ge bus9ess2 e/abli%m5ts are made 9 sev]al places 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 at :i* !y are sold l cattle2 ^! places ( deposit are /rongly built1 & well suppli$ ) ?umb-screws & gags1 & ornam5t$ ) c[-sk9s & o!r :ips (t5times bloody4 ,r4,s4 ,,f9ley1 ,esq41 late ,g5]al ,ag5t ( ! ,am]ican ,colonization ,society1 at a meet+ 9 ,new ,york1 #bg? ,feb4 #ahcc1 said3 ,9 ,virg9ia & o!r gra9-gr[+ slave /ates1 ! blacks d n support !mselves1 & ! only pr(it _! ma/]s d]ive f !m is1 repulsive z ! idea may ju/ly seem1 9 bre$+ !m1 l o!r live /ock = ! m s\!rn /ates4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,graham1 ( ,fayetteville1 ,n4,c4 at a ,colonization ,meet+1 held 9 t place 9 ! fall ( #ahcg said3 ,he _h resid$ = #ae ye>s 9 "o ( ! l>ge/ slavehold+ c\nties 9 ! /ate1 _h long & anxi\sly consid]$ ! subject1 & /ill x 0 d>k4 ,!re 7 ne>ly #gjjj slaves (f]$ 9 ,new ,orleans m>ket la/ w9t]4 ,f ,virg9ia alone #fjjj 7 annually s5t to ! s\?2 & f ,virg9ia & ,n4,c4 !re _h gone1 9 ! same direction1 9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 #cjj1jjj slaves4 ,:ile n #djjj _h gone to ,africa4 ,:at x port5d$1 he c\ld n pr$ict1 b he felt deeply1 t we mu/ awake 9 ^! /ates & consid] ! subject4 ,hon4 ,,philip ,,doddridge1 ( ,virg9ia1 9 8 spee* 9 ! ,virg9ia ,conv5tion1 9 #ahbi1 ,debates p4 #hi4 said3-- ,! acquisition ( ,texas w greatly enhance ! value ( ! prop]ty1 9 "q1 ,virg9ia slaves4 ,hon ,c4,f4 ,,m]c]1 9 a spee* be=e ! same ,conv5tion1 9 #ahbi1 says3 ,! tables ( ! natural gr[? ( ! slave population demon/rate1 :5 comp>$ ) ! increase ( its numb]s 9 ! commonweal? = tw5ty ye>s pa/1 t an annual rev5ue ( n less ?an a million & a half ( doll>s is d]iv$ f ! exportation ( a "p ( ?is population4 7,debates1 p4 #aii47 ,hon4 ,,h5ry ,,clay1 ( ,ky41 9 8 spee* be=e ! ,colonization ,society1 9 #ahbi1 says3 ,x is believ$ t n[h]e 9 ! f>m+ portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld slave labor be g5]ally employ$1 if ! proprietor 7 n tempt$ to ,,raise ,,slaves ,,by ,,! ,,high ,,price ,,( ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,m>ket ,,:i* ,,keeps ,,x ,,up ,,9 ,,8 ,,own4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,c\ri]1 ,feb4 #ae1 #ahci1 speak+ ( ! prohibition ( ! ,african ,slave-trade1 :ile ! int]nal slave-trade is pli$1 says3 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates law may1 & probably does1 put ,,millions into ! pockets ( ! p liv+ betwe5 ! ,roanoke1 & ,mason & ,dixon's l9e2 /ill we ?9k x w\ld require "s casui/ry to %[ t ! pres5t slave-trade f t qu>t] is a :it bett] ?an ! "o f ,africa4 ,"o ?+ is c]ta9--t its results are m m5ac+ to ! tranquillity ( ! p 9 ?is qu>t]1 z !re c be no comp>ison betwe5 ! ability & incl9ation to d mis*ief1 possess$ by ! ,virg9ia negro1 & t ( ! rude & ignorant ,african4 ,t ! ,new ,orleans ,editor does n exagg]ate 9 say+ t ! int]nal slave-trade puts 'millions' into ! pockets ( ! slavehold]s 9 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia1 is v cle> f ! foll[+ /atem5t1 made by ! editor ( ! ,virg9ia ,times1 an influ5tial political pap]1 publi%$ at ,:eel+1 ,virg9ia4 ,( ! exact date ( ! pap] we are n q c]ta91 x 01 h[ev]1 sometime 9 #ahcf1 probably ne> ! middle ( ! ye>--! file w %[4 ,! editor says3-- ,we h he>d intellig5t m5 e/imate ! numb] ( slaves export$ f ,virg9ia )9 ! la/ twelve mon?s1 at #abj1jjj--;ea* slave av]ag+ at lea/ #fjj1 mak+ an aggregate at #gb1jjj1jjj4 ,( ! numb] ( slaves export$1 n m ?an "o-?ird h be5 sold1 7! o!rs hav+ be5 c>ri$ by _! own]s1 :o h remov$17 :i* w\ld leave 9 ! /ate ! ,,sum ,,( #bd1jjj1jjj ,,aris+ ,,f ,,! ,,sale ,,( ,,slaves4 ,accord+ to ?is e/imate ab\t ,,=ty ,,?\s& ,,slaves ,,7 ,,sold ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,virg9ia ,,9 ,a ,,s+le ,,ye>1 & ! 'slave-bre$]s' :o hold !m1 put into _! pockets ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,million ,,( ,,doll>s1 ! price ( ! 's\ls ( m54' ,! ,new ,york ,j\rnal ( ,comm]ce ( ,oct4 #ab1 #ahce1 conta9$ a lett] f a ,virg9ian1 :om ! editor calls 'a v good & s5sible man1' ass]t+ t ,,tw5ty ,,?\s& ,,slaves _h be5 driv5 to ! s\? f ,virg9ia dur+ t ye>1 ne>ly "o-f\r? ( :i* 0 !n rema9+4 ,! ,m>yville 7,t5n47 ,intellig5c]1 "s "t 9 ! e>ly "p ( #ahcf1 7we h n ! date17 says1 9 an article review+ a communication ( ,rev4 ,j4,w4 ,d\glass1 ( ,fayetteville1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a3 ,sixty ?\s& slaves pass$ ?r\gh a little we/]n t[n = ! s\!rn m>ket1 dur+ ! ye> #ahce4 ,! ,nat*ez 7,miss47 ,c\ri]1 says t ! /ates ( ,l\isiana1 ,mississippi1 ,alabama1 & ,arkansas1 import$ ,,two ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,fifty ,,?\s& ,,slaves f ! m nor!rn slave /ates 9 ! ye> #ahcf4 ,! ,baltimore ,am]ican gives ! foll[+ f a ,mississippi pap]1 ( #ahcg3 ,! report made by ! committee ( ! citiz5s ,( ,mobile1 appo9t$ at _! meet+ held on ! #a/ in/ant1 on ! subject ( ! exi/+ pecuni>y pressure1 /ates1 among o!r ?+s3 t s l>ge has be5 ! return ( slave labor1 t pur*ases by ,alabama ( t species ( prop]ty f o!r /ates s9ce #ahcc1 h am\nt$ to ab\t ,,t5 ,,million ,,doll>s ,,annually4 ,,fur!r ! inhumanity ( a slavehold+ 'public op9ion' t[>d slaves1 foll[s legitimately f ! d[nright ruffianism ( ! slavehold+ _s 9 ! 'highe/ class ( society1' ,:5 r\s$1 x tramples ^u all ! proprieties & c\rtesies1 & ev5 common dec5cies ( life1 & is held 9 *eck by none ( ^? consid]ations ( "t1 & place1 & relations ( /ation1 "*1 law1 & national honor1 :i* are usually suffici5t1 ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( consci5ti\s pr9ciples1 to re/ra9 o!r m5 f outrages4 ,our ,national ,legislature is a fit illu/ration ( ?is4 ,slavehold]s h conv]t$ ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates into a v be> g>d54 ,)9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s "s ( ! mo/ prom95t slavehold+ memb]s ( ! ,h\se1 & among !m ! late speak]1 h /ruck & kick$1 & ?rottl$1 & seiz$ ea* o!r by ! hair1 & ) _! fi/s pummell$ ea* o!r's faces1 on ! floor ( ,congress4 ,we ne$ n publi% an acc\nt ( :at e body kn[s1 t dur+ ! session ( ! la/ ,congress1 ,mr4 ,wise ( ,virg9ia & ,mr4 ,bynum ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aft] hav+ call$ ea* o!r li>s1 villa9s & damn$ rascals sprung f _! seats bo? suffici5tly arm$ = any desp]ate purpose1 curs+ ea* o!r z !y ru%$ toge!r1 & w\ld d\btless h but*]$ ea* o!r on ! floor ( ,congress1 if bo? _h n be5 seiz$ & held by _! fri5ds4 ,! ,new ,york ,gazette relates ! foll[+ :i* occurr$ at ! close ( ! session ( #ahch4 ,! ,h\se c\ld n adj\rn )\t ano!r brutal & bloody r[4 ,x occurr$ on ,sunday morn+ imm$iately at ! mom5t ( adj\rnm5t1 betwe5 ,messrs4 ,campbell & ,maury1 bo? ( ,t5nessee4 ,he took (f5ce at "s rem>ks made to him by 8 colleague1 ,mr4 ,campbell1 & ! fight foll[$4 ,! ,huntsville 7,ala47 ,democrat ( ,june #af1 #ahch1 gives ! p>ticul>s :i* foll[3 ,mr4 ,maury is said to be badly hurt4 ,he 0 ne> los+ 8 life by be+ knock$ ?r\gh ! w9d[2 b 8 adv]s>y1 x is said1 sav$ him by clut*+ ! hair ( 8 head ) 8 left h&1 :ile he /ruck him ) 8 "r4 ,! same numb] ( ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 conta9s ! p>ticul>s ( a fi/-fight on ! floor ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 betwe5 ,mr4 ,bell1 ! late ,speak]1 & 8 colleague ,mr4 ,turney ( ,t5nessee4 ,! foll[+ is an extract3 ,mr4 ,turney conclud$ 8 rem>ks 9 reply to ,mr4 ,bell1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he comm5t$ ^u t g5tleman's c\rse at diff]5t p]iods ( 8 political c>e] ) great sev]ity4 ,he did n ?9k 8 colleague ,mr4 ,turney1 0 actuat$ by private malice1 b 0 ! will+ volunt>y in/rum5t ( o!rs1 ! tool ( tools4 ,mr4 ,turney4 ,x is false6 x is false6 ,mr4 ,/anley call$ ,mr4 ,,turney to ord]4 ,at ! same mom5t bo? g5tlem5 7 p]ceiv$ 9 p]sonal conflict1 & bl[s ) ! fi/ 7 aim$ by ea* at ! o!r4 ,sev]al memb]s int]f]$1 & suppress$ ! p]sonal viol5ce2 o!rs call$ ord]1 ord]1 & "s call$ = ! int]f]5ce ( ! ,speak]4 ,! ,speak] ha/ily took ! *air1 & insi/$ ^u ord]2 b bo? g5tlem5 cont9u$ /ruggl+1 & endeavor+1 not)/&+ ! con/ra9t ( _! fri5ds1 to /rike ea* o!r4 ,! correspond5t ( ! ,new ,york ,gazette gives ! foll[+1 :i* took place ab\t ! "t ( ! prec$+ affrays3 ,! ,h\se 0 mu* agitat$ la/ night1 by ! passage betwe5 ,mr4 ,biddle1 ( ,pittsburgh1 & ,mr4 ,d[n+1 ( ,florida4 ,mr4 ,d4 exclaim$ d y impute falsehood to me6 at ! same "t cat*+ up "s missile & mak+ a demon/ration to advance ^u ,mr4 ,biddle4 ,mr4 ,biddle repeat$ 8 accusation1 & mean:ile1 ,mr4 ,d[n+ 0 arre/$ by _m memb]s4 ,! la/ ?ree fights all occurr$1 if we mi/ake n1 9 ! %ort space ( "o mon?4 ,! fi/icuffs betwe5 ,messrs4 ,bynum & ,wise occurr$ at ! previ\s session ( ,congress4 ,at ! same session ,messrs4 ,peyton ( ,t5n4 & ,wise ( ,virg9ia1 w5t arm$ ) pi/ols & dirks to ! meet+ ( a committee ( ,congress1 & ?reat5$ to %oot a witness :ile giv+ 8 te/imony4 ,we beg9 ) ! fir/ on ! li/4 ,:o are ,messrs4 ,wise & ,bynum8 ,bo? slavehold]s4 ,:o are ,messrs4 ,campbell & ,maury8 ,bo? slavehold]s4 ,:o are ,messrs4 ,bell & ,turney8 ,bo? slavehold]s4 ,:o is ,mr4 ,d[n+1 :o seiz$ a weapon & ru%$ ^u ,mr4 ,biddle8 ,a slavehold]4 ,:o is ,mr4 ,peyton :o drew 8 pi/ol on a witness be=e a committee ( ,congress8 ,a slavehold] ( c\rse4 ,all ^! bullies 7 slavehold]s1 & !y magnifi$ _! (fice1 & slavehold+ 0 ju/ifi$ ( h] *ildr54 ,we might fill a volume ) simil> *ronicles ( slavehold+ brutality4 ,b "t w\ld fail u4 ,suffice x to say1 t s9ce ! organization ( ! gov]nm5t1 a majority ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 9 ! slavehold+ /ates h glori$ 9 /rutt+ ov] ! /age 9 ! "* ( murd]]s4 ,look at ! m5 :om ! p delight to honor4 ,presid5t ,jackson1 ,s5ator ,b5ton1 ! late ,g54 ,c(fee1--x is b a few ye>s s9ce ^! slavehold]s %ot at1 & /abb$1 & /amp$ ^u ea* o!r 9 a tav]n broil4 ,g5]al ,jackson _h previ\sly kill$ ,mr4 ,dick5son4 ,s5ator ,clay ( ,k5tucky has immortaliz$ himself by %oot+ at a ne> relative ( ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 & be+ w\nd$ by him2 & n long aft] by %oot+ at ,john ,r&olph ( ,virg9ia4 ,gov]nor ,m',duffie ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a has signaliz$ himself also1 bo? by %oot+ & be+ %ot1--s has ,gov]nor ,po9dext]1 & ,gov]nor ,r[an1 & ,judge ,m',k9ley ( ! ,u4,s4 ,supreme ,c\rt1 late s5ator 9 ,congress f ,alabama1--b we desi/2 a full catalogue w\ld fill pages4 ,we w only add1 t a few mon?s s9ce1 9 ! city ( ,london1 ,gov]nor ,hamilton1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 w5t arm$ ) pi/ols1 to ! lodg+s ( ,daniel ,o',connell1 'to /op 8 w9d' 9 ! bully+ slang ( 8 own publi%$ boa/4 ,dur+ ! la/ session ( ,congress ,messrs4 ,dromgoole & ,wise#da ( ,virg9ia1 ,w4 ,co/ ,johnson & ,j5if] ( ,m>yl&1 ,pick5s & ,campbell ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & we "k n h[ _m m slavehold+ memb]s ( ,congress h be5 engag$1 ei!r z pr9cipals or seconds1 9 t species ( murd] dignifi$ ) ! "n ( duell+4 ,b en\gh2 we are he>t-sick4 ,:at meane? all ?is8 ,are slavehold]s worse ?an o!r m58 ,no6 b arbitr>y p[] has wr\ght 9 !m its my/]y ( iniquity1 & poison$ _! bett] nature ) its infuriat+ sorc]y4 ,_! savage f]ocity t[>d ea* o!r :5 _! passions are up1 is ! natural result ( _! habit ( daily plund]+ & oppress+ ! slave4 ,! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,/&>d ( ,augu/ #cj1 #ahcg1 conta9s ! foll[+ illu/ration ( ?is f]ocity exhibit$ by two s\!rn lawy]s 9 settl+ ! prelim9>ies ( a duel4 ,! foll[+ conditions 7 propos$ by ,alex&] ,k4 ,mc,clung1 ( ,raymond1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,mississippi1 to ,h4,c4 ,/ew>t1 z ! laws to gov]n a duel !y 7 to fight ne> ,vicksburg3 ,article #a/4 ,! p>ties %all meet opposite ,vicksburg1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,l\isiana1 on ,?ursday ! #bi? in/4 precisely at #d o'clock1 ,p4,m4 ,agre$ to4 #b;d4 ,! weapons to be us$ by ea* %all weigh "o p\nd two & a half ounces1 measur+ sixte5 in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 includ+ ! h&le1 & "o in* & ?ree-eigh?s 9 bread?4 ,agre$ to4 #c;d4 ,bo? knives %all be %>p on "o edge1 & on ! back %all be %>p only "o in* at ! po9t4 ,agre$ to4 #d?4 ,ea* p>ty %all /& at ! di/ance ( eight feet f ! o!r1 until ! ^w is giv54 ,agre$ to4 #e?4 ,! second ( ea* p>ty %all ?r[ up1 ) a silv] doll>1 on ! gr\nd1 = ! ^w1 & two be/ out ( ?ree %all w9 ! ^w4 ,agre$ to4 #f?4 ,aft] ! ^w is giv51 ei!r p>ty may take :at advantage he c ) 8 knife1 b on ?r[+ 8 knife at ! o!r1 %all be %ot d[n by ! second ( 8 oppon5t4 ,agre$ to4 #g?4 ,ea* p>ty %all be /ripp$ entirely nak$1 except "o pair ( l95 pantaloons2 "o pair ( socks1 & boots or pumps z ! p>ty please4 ,acc$$ to4 #h?4 ,! wri/ ( ! left arm ( ea* p>ty %all be ti$ tight to 8 left ?igh1 & a /rong cord %all be fa/5$ ar\nd 8 left arm at ! elb[1 & !n ar\nd 8 body4 ,reject$4 #i?4 ,aft] ! ^w is giv51 ea* p>ty %all be all[$ to advance or rec$e z he pleases1 ov] ! space ( tw5ty acres ( gr\nd1 until dea? ensues to "o ( ! p>ties4 ,agre$ to--! p>ties to be plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! space4 #aj?4 ,! ^w %all be giv5 by ! w9n] ( ! same1 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 viz3 ,g5tlem5 are y ready8 ,ea* p>ty %all !n answ]1 ,i am6 ,! second giv+ ! ^w %all !n di/9ctly comm&--/rike4 ,agre$ to4 ,if ei!r p>ty %all violate ^! rules1 ^u be+ notifi$ by ! second ( ei!r p>ty1 he may be liable to be %ot d[n in/antly4 ,z e/abli%$ usage po9ts out ! duty ( bo? p>ties1 !re=e notification is consid]$ unnecess>y4 ,! ,,favorite ,,amusem5ts ( slavehold]s1 l ! gladiatorial %[s ( ,rome & ! ,bull ,fights ( ,spa91 reveal a public feel+ ins5sible to suff]+1 & a dep? ( brutality 9 ! highe/ degree revolt+ to e truly noble m9d4 ,"o ( _! mo/ common amusem5ts is cock fight+4 ,ma9s ( cocks1 ) tw5ty1 ?irty1 & fifty cocks on ea* side1 are f\ght = hundr$s ( doll>s aside4 ,! f[ls are arm$ ) /eel spurs or 'gafts1' ab\t two in*es long4 ,^! 'gafts' are fa/5$ ^u ! legs by saw+ (f ! natural 'spur1' leav+ only en\gh ( x to answ] ! purpose ( a /ock = ! tube ( ! gafts1 :i* are s %>p t at a /roke ! f[ls ?ru/ !m ?r\gh ea* o!r's necks & heads1 & te> ea* o!r's bodies till "o or bo? dies1 !n two o!rs are br\ght =w>d = ! amusem5t ( ! multitude assembl$1 & ?is b>b>\s pa/ime is (t5 kept up = days 9 succession1 hundr$s & ?\s&s ga!r+ f a di/ance to witness x4 ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5ts f ! ,raleigh ,regi/]1 ,june #ah1 #ahch1 edit$ by ,messrs4 ,gales & ,son1 ! fa!r & bro!r ( ,mr4 ,gales1 editor ( ! ,national ,intellig5c]1 & late ,mayor ( ,wa%+ton ,city1 reveal ! public s5tim5t ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,,*a?am ,,aga9/ ,,na%1 or any o!r c\nty 9 ! ,/ate4 ,i am au?oriz$ to take a bet ( any am\nt t may be (f]$1 to ,,fight ,a ,,ma9 ,,( ,,cocks1 at any place t may be agre$ ^u by ! p>ties--to be f\ght ! ensu+ spr+4 ,,gideon ,,al/on4 ,*a?am c\nty1 ,june #g1 #ahch4 ,two weeks aft]1 ?is *all5ge 0 answ]$ z foll[s3 ,,to ,,mr4 ,,gideon ,,al/on1 ( ,*a?am c\nty1 ,n4,c4 ,,sir3 ,9 look+ ov] ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,/&>d ( ! #bj? in/4 ,i discov] a *all5ge ov] y\r signature1 head$ ',*a?am aga9/ ,na%1' 9 :i* y /ate3 t y are 'au?oriz$ to take a bet ( any am\nt t may be (f]$1 to fight a ma9 ( cocks1 at any place t may be agre$ ^u by ! p>ties1 to be f\ght ! ensu+ spr+' :i* *all5ge ,i ,,accept3 & d propose to meet y at ,rolesville1 9 ,wake c\nty1 ,n4,c4 on ! la/ ,w$nesday 9 ,may next1 ! p>ties to %[ ?irty-"o cocks ea*--fight f\r days1 & be gov]n$ by ! rules z laid d[n 9 ,turn]'s ,cock ,laws--:i*1 if y ?9k prop] to acc$e to1 y w signify ?r\gh ?is or any o!r m$ium y may select1 & !n ,i w "n ! sum = :i* we %all fight1 z t privilege 0 surr5d]$ by y 9 y\r *all5ge4 ,i am1 sir1 v respectfully1 c4 ,,ni*olas ,w4 ,,arr+ton1 ne> ,hilli>d/on1 ,na% co4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,june #bbnd1 #ahch ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5t 9 ! ,ri*mond ,:ig1 ( ,july #ab1 #ahcg1 exhibits ! public s5tim5t ( ,virg9ia4 ,,ma9 ,,( ,,cocks4--,a l>ge ',,ma9 ,,( ,,cocks1' #ba a side1 = #be '! fight'1 & #ejj '! odd1' w be f\ght betwe5 ! ,c\nty ( ,d9widdie on "o "p1 & ! ,c\nties ( ,hanov] & ,h5rico on ! o!r4 ,! 'regul>' fight+ w be cont9u$ ?ree days1 & f ! l>ge numb] ( 'game uns' on bo? sides & 9 ! adjac5t c\ntry1 w be prolong$ no d\bt a f\r?4 ,to prev5t confusion & promote 'sport1' ! ,pit w be enclos$ & furni%$ ) seats2 s t ^? hav+ a curiosity to witness a species ( div]sion orig9at+ 9 a bett] day 7= !y _h no rag money !n17 c h t v natural feel+ gratifi$4 ,! ,pet]sburg ,con/ellation is reque/$ to copy4 ,horse-rac+ too1 z e body kn[s1 is a favorite amusem5t ( slavehold]s4 ,e slave /ate has its race c\rse1 & 9 ! old] /ates almo/ e c\nty has "o on a small scale4 ,!re is h>dly a day 9 ! ye>1 ! wea!r p]mitt+1 9 :i* cr[ds d n assemble at ! s\? to witness ?is b>b>\s sport4 ,horrible cruelty is absolutely insep>able f x4 ,h>dly a race occurs ( any celebrity 9 :i* "s "o ( ! c\rs]s is n lam$1 'brok5 d[n1' or 9 "s way s]i\sly injur$1 (t5 = life1 & n unfrequ5tly !y are kill$ by ! rupture ( "s vital "p 9 ! /ruggle4 ,:5 ! heats are closely conte/$1 ! blood ( ! tortur$ animal drips f ! la% & flies at e leap f ! /roke ( ! r[el4 ,f ! break+ ( gir?s & o!r accid5ts1 _! rid]s 7mo/ly slaves7 are (t5 ?r[n & maim$ or kill$4 ,yet ^! amusem5ts are att5d$ by ?\s&s 9 e "p ( ! slave /ates4 ,! weal? & fa%ion1 ! g5tlem5 & ladies ( ! 'highe/ circles' at ! s\?1 ?rong ! race c\rse4 ,t ^? :o c fa/5 /eel spurs ^u ! legs ( dunghill f[ls1 & goad ! poor birds to worry & te> ea* o!r to dea?--& ^? :o c cr[d by ?\s&s to witness su* b>b>ity--t ^? :o c ?rong ! race-c\rse & ) ke5 reli% witness ! hot pant+s ( ! life-/ruggle1 ! lac]ations & fitful spasms ( ! muscles1 swell+ ?r\gh ! crimson$ foam1 z ! tortur$ /e$s ru% 9 blood-welt]+s to ! goal--t su*1 %\ld look ^u ! suff]+s ( _! slaves )1 indiff]5ce is c]ta9ly small wond]4 ,p]haps we %all be told t !re are ?rong$ race-c\rses at ! ,nor?4 ,true1 !re are a few1 & !y are ?rong$ *iefly by ,s\!rn]s1 & ',nor!rn m5 ) ,s\!rn pr9ciples1' & support$ ma9ly by ! patronage ( slavehold]s :o summ] at ! ,nor?4 ,cock-fight+ & horse-rac+ are ,s\!rn in/itutions4 ,! idl5ess1 contempt ( labor1 dissipation1 s5suality1 brutality1 cruelty1 & meanness1 eng5d]$ by ! habit ( mak+ m5 & wom5 "w )\t pay1 & flogg+ !m if !y demur at x1 con/itutes a cong5ial soil out ( :i* cock-fight+ & horse-rac+ are ! spontane\s gr[?4 ,aga91--,! k9d treatm5t ( ! slaves is (t5 argu$ f ! lib]al education & enl>g$ views ( slavehold]s4 ,! facts & reason+s ( ! prec$+ pages h %[n1 t 'lib]al education1' despotic habits & ungov]n$ passions "w toge!r ) slight friction4 ,& e day's obs]vation %[s t ! =m] is (t5 a /imulant to ! latt]4 ,b ! notion s common at ! nor? t ! majority ( ! slavehold]s are p]sons ( education1 is entirely errone\s4 ,a v few slavehold]s 9 ea* ( ! slave /ates h be5 m5 ( ripe education1 to :om our national lit]ature is mu* indebt$4 ,a l>g] numb] may be call$ well educat$--^! reside mo/ly 9 ! cities & l>ge villages1 b a majority ( ! slavehold]s are ignorant m51 ?\s&s ( !m notori\sly s1 m]e boors unable to write _! names or to read ! alphabet4 ,no "o ( ! slave /ates has probably s mu* g5]al education z ,virg9ia4 ,x is ! olde/ ( !m--has furni%$ "o half ( ! presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--has exp5d$ m ^u h] univ]sity ?an any /ate 9 ! ,union has done dur+ ! same "t ^u its colleges--s5t to ,europe ne>ly tw5ty ye>s s9ce = h] mo/ le>n$ pr(essors1 & 9 f9e1 has f> surpass$ e o!r slave /ate 9 h] ef=ts to dissem9ate education among h] citiz5s1 & yet1 ! ,gov]nor ( ,virg9ia 9 8 message to ! legislature 7,jan4 #g1 #ahci7 says1 t ( f\r ?\s& six hundr$ & f\rte5 adult males 9 t /ate1 :o appli$ to ! c\nty cl]ks = m>riage lic5ses 9 ! ye> #ahcg1 ',,"o ,,?\s& ,,& ,,=ty ,,sev5 7 unable to write _! names4' ,! gov]nor adds1 ',^! /atem5ts1 x w be rememb]$1 are conf9$ to "o sex3 ! education ( females x is to be fe>$1 is 9 a condition ( mu* great] neglect4' ,! ,editor ( ! ,virg9ia ,times1 publi%$ at ,:eel+1 9 8 pap] ( ,jan4 #bc1 #ahci1 says1-- ,we h e reason to suppose t "o-f\r? ( ! p ( ! /ate _c write _! names1 & !y h n1 ( c\rse1 any o!r species ( education4 ,k5tucky is ! *ild ( ,virg9ia2 h] fir/ settl]s 7 "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ citiz5s ( ! "m /ate2 9 ! g5]al diffusion ( intellig5ce among/ h] citiz5s ,k5tucky is probably 9 advance ( all ! slave /ates except ,virg9ia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 & yet ,gov]nor ,cl>k1 9 8 la/ message to ! ,k5tucky ,legislature1 7,dec #e1 #ahch7 makes ! foll[+ decl>ation3 ,f ! computation ( ^? mo/ famili> ) ! subject1 x appe>s t ,,at ,,lea/ ,,"o ,,?ird ,,( ,,! ,,adult ,,population ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,are ,,unable ,,to ,,write ,,_! ,,names4 ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5t 9 ! ,mill$geville 7,geo47 ,j\rnal1 ,dec4 #bf1 #ahcg1 is ano!r specim5 f "o ( ! 'old ?irte54' ,,notice4--,i1 ,pleasant ,webb1 ( ! ,/ate ( ,georgia1 ,ogle?orpe c\nty1 be+ an illit]ate man1 & n able to write my own "n1 & :]eas x ha? be5 repres5t$ to me t !re is a c]ta9 promissory note or notes out aga9/ me t ,i "k no?+ (1 & fur!r t "s man 9 ?is ,/ate holds a bill ( sale = a c]ta9 negro woman nam$ ,ailsey & h] increase1 a "p ( :i* is n[ 9 my possession1 :i* ,i also "k no?+ (4 ,n[ d h]eby c]tify & decl>e1 t ,i h no k :atsoev] ( any su* pap]s exi/+ 9 my "n z above /at$ & ,i h]eby require all or any p]son or p]sons :atsoev] hold+ or pret5d+ to hold any su* pap]s1 to produce !m to me )9 ?irty days f ! date h]e(1 %ew+ _! au?ority = hold+ ! same1 or !y w be consid]$ fictiti\s & fraudul5tly obta9$ or rais$1 by "s p]son or p]sons = base purposes aft] my dea?4 ,giv5 "u my h& ?is #bnd day ( ,decemb]1 #ahcg4 ,,pleasant ,,webb4 8 m>k ,x4 ,,f9ally1 ,,t ,,slaves ,,mu/ ,,habitually ,,suff] ,,great ,,cruelties1 ,,foll[s ,,inevitably ,,f ,,! ,,brutal ,,outrages ,,:i* ,,_! ,,ma/]s ,,inflict ,,on ,,ea* ,,o!r4 ,slavehold]s1 ex]cis+ f *ildhood irresponsible p[] ov] human be+s1 & 9 ! language ( ,presid5t ,jeff]son1 giv+ loose to ! wor/ ( passions 9 ! treatm5t ( _! slaves1 become 9 a great measure unfitt$ = self control 9 _! int]c\rse ) ea* o!r4 ,temp]s accu/om$ to riot ) loose re9s1 spurn re/ra9ts1 & passions inflam$ by indulg5ce1 take fire on ! lea/ friction4 ,we repeat x1 ! /ate ( society 9 ! slave /ates1 ! duels1 & daily deadly affrays ( slavehold]s ) ea* o!r--! fact t ! mo/ delib]ate & cold-blood$ murd]s are committ$ at noon day1 9 ! pres5ce ( ?\s&s1 & ! p]petrators eulogiz$ by ! community z honorable m51 reveals su* a pro/ration ( law1 z gives impunity to crime--a /ate ( society1 an omnipres5t public s5tim5t reckless ( human life1 tak+ bloody v5geance on ! spot = e imag9>y affront1 glory+ 9 su* assass9ations z ! only true honor & *ivalry1 successfully defy+ ! civil arm1 & laugh+ its impot5cy to scorn4 ,:5 su* ?+s are done 9 ! gre5 tree1 :at w be done 9 ! dry8 ,:5 slavehold]s are 9 ! habit ( can+1 /abb+1 & %oot+ ea* o!r at e suppos$ insult1 ! unspeakable enormities p]petrat$ by su* m51 ) su* passions1 ^u _! def5celess slaves1 mu/ be beyond computation4 ,to furni% ! read] ) an illu/ration ( slavehold+ civilization & morality1 z exhibit$ 9 ! unbridl$ fury1 rage1 malignant hate1 jeal\sy1 diabolical rev5ge1 & all ^? inf]nal passions t %oot up rank 9 ! hot-b$ ( arbitr>y p[]1 we w ins]t "h a mass ( te/imony1 detail+ a l>ge numb] ( affrays1 lyn*+s1 assass9ations1 c41 c41 :i* h tak5 place 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! slave /ates )9 a brief p]iod--& to leave no room = cavil on ! subject1 ^! extracts w be made exclusively f newspap]s publi%$ 9 ! slave /ates1 & g5]ally 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! trag$ies describ$4 ,!y w n be made second h& f nor!rn pap]s1 b f ! orig9al s\!rn pap]s1 :i* n[ lie on our table4 ,be=e proce$+ to furni% details ( c]ta9 classes ( crimes 9 ! slave /ates1 we adv]tise ! read]--#a/4 ,t we %all n include 9 ! li/ ^? crimes :i* are ord9>ily committ$ 9 ! free1 z well z 9 ! slave /ates4 #b;d4 ,we %all n include any ( ! crimes p]petrat$ by :ites ^u slaves & free color$ p]sons1 :o con/itute a majority ( ! population 9 ,mississippi & ,l\isiana1 a l>ge majority 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 &1 on an av]age1 two-fif?s 9 ! o!r slave /ates4 #c;d4 ,fi/ fights1 can+s1 beat+s1 bit+ (f noses & e>s1 g\g+s1 knock+s d[n1 c41 unless !y result 9 dea?1 w n be includ$ 9 ! li/1 nor w ord9>y murd]s1 unless connect$ ) circum/ances t s]ve z a special index ( public s5tim5t4 #d?4 ,nei!r w ord9>y1 =mal duels be includ$1 except 9 su* cases z j specifi$4 #e?4 ,! only crimes :i*1 z ! g5]al rule1 w be specifi$1 w be deadly affrays ) b[ie knives1 dirks1 pi/ols4 rifles1 guns1 or o!r dea? weapons1 & lyn*+s4 #f?4 ,! crimes enum]at$ w1 = ! mo/ "p1 be only ^? p]petrat$ op5ly1 )\t attempt at concealm5t4 #g?4 ,we %all n attempt to give a full li/ ( ! affrays1 c41 t took place 9 ! respective /ates dur+ ! p]iod select$1 z ! only files ( s\!rn pap]s to :i* we h access are v imp]fect4 ,! read] w p]ceive1 f ^! prelim9>ies1 t only a small proportion ( ! crimes actually p]petrat$ 9 ! respective slave /ates dur+ ! p]iod select$1 w be ent]$ ^u ?is li/4 ,he w also p]ceive1 t ! crimes :i* w be pres5t$ are ( a class r>ely p]petrat$ 9 ! free /ates2 & if p]petrat$ !re at all1 !y are1 ) sc>cely an exception1 committ$ ei!r by slavehold]s1 tempor>ily resid5t 9 !m1 or by p]sons ^: passions h be5 inflam$ by ! poison ( a s\!rn contact--^: habits & *>act]s h become p]v]t$ by liv+ among slavehold]s1 & adopt+ ! code ( slavehold+ morality4 ,we n[ proce$ to ! details1 comm5c+ ) ! new /ate ( ,arkansas4 ,,arkansas4 ,at ! la/ session ( ! legislature ( t /ate1 ,col4 ,john ,wilson1 ,presid5t ( ! ,bank at ,little ,rock1 ! capital ( ! /ate1 0 elect$ ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,he _h be5 elect$ to t (fice = a numb] ( ye>s successively1 & 0 "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial citiz5s ( ! /ate4 ,:ile presid+ ov] ! delib]ations ( ! ,h\se1 he took umbrage at words spok5 9 debate by ,major ,an?ony1 a conspicu\s memb]1 came d[n f ! ,speak]'s *air1 drew a l>ge b[ie knife f 8 bosom1 & attack$ ,major ,a41 :o def5d$ himself = "s "t1 b 0 at la/ /abb$ ?r\gh ! he>t1 & fell dead on ! floor4 ,wilson delib]ately wip$ ! blood f 8 knife1 & return$ to 8 seat4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t ( ! circum/ances ( ! murd]1 & ! trial ( ! murd]]1 is abridg$ f ! acc\nt publi%$ 9 ! ,arkansas ,gazette1 a few mon?s s9ce--x is "h tak5 f ! ,knoxville 7,t5nessee7 ,regi/]1 ,july #d1 #ahch4 ,on ! #ad? ( ,decemb] la/1 ,maj4 ,joseph ,j4 ,an?ony1 a memb] ( ! ,legislature ( ,arkansas1 0 murd]$1 :ile p]=m+ 8 duty z a memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 by ,john ,wilson1 ,speak] ( t ,h\se4 ,! facts 7 ^!3 ,a bill came f ! ,s5ate1 commonly call$ ! ,wolf ,bill4 ,among ! am5dm5ts propos$1 0 "o by ,maj4 ,an?ony1 t ! signature ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,real ,e/ate ,bank %\ld be atta*$ to ! c]tificate ( ! wolf scalp4 ,col4 ,wilson1 ! ,speak]1 ask$ ,maj4 ,an?ony :e!r he int5d$ ! rem>k z p]sonal4 ,maj4 ,an?ony promptly said1 ,no1 ,i d n4 ,& at t in/ant ( "t1 a message 0 deliv]$ f ! ,s5ate1 :i* susp5d$ ! proce$+s ( ! ,h\se = a few m9utes4 ,imm$iately aft] ! mess5g] f ! ,s5ate _h retir$1 ,maj4 ,an?ony rose f 8 seat1 & said he wi%$ to expla91 t he did n int5d to insult ! ,speak] or ! ,h\se2 :5 ,wilson1 int]rupt+1 p]emptorily ord]$ him to take 8 seat4 ,maj4 ,an?ony said1 z a memb]1 he _h a "r to ! floor1 to expla9 himself4 ,wilson said1 9 an angry tone1 ',sit d[n1 or y _h bett]2' & ?ru/ 8 h& into 8 bosom1 & drew out a l>ge b[ie knife1 #aj or #aa in*es 9 l5g?1 & desc5d$ f ! ,speak]'s *air to ! floor1 ) ! knife drawn 9 a m5ac+ mann]4 ,maj4 ,an?ony1 see+ ! dang] he 0 plac$ 91 by ,wilson's advance on him ) a drawn knife1 rose f 8 *air1 set x out ( 8 way1 /epp$ back a pace or two1 & drew 8 knife4 ,wilson caught up a *air1 & /ruck ,an?ony ) x4 ,an?ony1 recov]+ f ! bl[1 caught ! *air 9 8 left h&1 & a fight ensu$ ov] ! *air4 ,wilson receiv$ two w\nds1 "o on ea* arm1 & ,an?ony lo/ 8 knife1 ei!r by ?r[+ x at ,wilson1 or x escap$ by accid5t4 ,aft] ,an?ony _h lo/ 8 knife1 ,wilson advanc$ on ,an?ony1 :o 0 !n retreat+1 look+ ov] 8 %\ld]4 ,see+ ,wilson pursu+ him1 he ?rew a *air4 ,wilson /ill pursu$1 & ,an?ony rais$ ano!r *air z high z 8 brea/1 ) a view1 x is suppos$1 ( keep+ ,wilson (f4 ,wilson !n caught hold ( ! *air ) 8 left h&1 rais$ x up1 & ) 8 "r h& delib]ately ?ru/ ! knife1 up to ! hilt1 into ,an?ony's he>t1 & z delib]ately drew x out1 & wip+ (f ! blood ) 8 ?umb & f+]1 retir$ ne> to ! ,speak]'s *air4 ,z ! knife 0 )drawn f ,an?ony's he>t1 he fell a lifeless corpse on ! floor1 )\t utt]+ a ^w1 or sc>cely mak+ a /ruggle2 s true did ! knife1 z delib]ately direct$1 pi]ce 8 he>t4 ,?ree days elaps$ be=e ! con/itut$ au?orities took any notice ( ?is horrible de$2 & n !n1 until a relation ( ! murd]$ ,an?ony _h dem&$ a w>rant = ! appreh5sion ( ,wilson4 ,sev]al days !n elaps$ be=e he 0 br\ght be=e an exam9+ c\rt4 ,he !n1 9 a c>riage & f\r1 came to ! place appo9t$ = 8 trial4 ,f\r or five days 7 employ$ 9 ! exam9ation ( witnesses1 & nev] 0 a cle>] case ( murd] prov$ ?an on t occasion4 ,not)/&+1 ! c\rt 7,ju/ice ,br[n diss5t+7 admitt$ ,wilson to bail1 & positively refus$ t ! prosecut+ attorney = ! /ate %\ld introduce ! law1 to %[ t x 0 n a bailable case1 or ev5 to he> an argum5t f him4 ,at ! "t appo9t$ = ! session ( ! ,circuit ,c\rt1 ,wilson appe>$ agreeably to 8 recognizance4 ,a motion 0 made by ,wilson's c\nsel = *ange ( v5ue1 f\nd$ on ! affidavits ( ,wilson1 & two o!r m54 ,! c\rt !reupon remov$ ! case to ,sal9e c\nty1 & ord]$ ! ,%]iff to take ,wilson into cu/ody1 & deliv] him ov] to ! ,%]iff ( ,sal9e c\nty4 ,! ,%]iff ( ,pulaski nev] conf9$ ,wilson "o m9ute1 b p]mitt$ him to g :]e he pleas$1 )\t a gu>d1 or any re/ra9t impos$ on him :atev]4 ,on 8 way to ,sal9e1 he ent]ta9$ him freely at 8 own h\se1 & ! next day deliv]$ him ov] to ! ,%]iff ( t c\nty1 :o conduct$ ! prison] to ! debtor's room 9 ! jail1 & gave him ! key1 s t he & e body else _h free egress & +ress at all times4 ,wilson invit$ e body to call on him1 z he wi%$ to see 8 fri5ds1 & 8 room 0 cr[d$ ) visitors1 :o call$ to dr9k grog1 & laugh & talk ) him4 ,b ?is !atre 0 n suffici5tly l>ge = 8 purpose4 ,he aft]w>ds visit$ ! dram-%ops1 :]e he freely treat$ all t w\ld p>take ) him1 & w5t fi%+ & hunt+ ) o!rs at pleasure1 & entirely ) out re/ra9t4 ,he also ate at ! same table ) ! ,judge1 :ile on trial4 ,:5 ! c\rt met at ,sal9e1 ,wilson 0 put on 8 trial4 ,sev]al days 7 occupi$ 9 exam9+ ! witnesses 9 ! case4 ,aft] ! exam9ation 0 clos$1 :ile ,col4 ,taylor 0 engag$ 9 a v able1 lucid1 & argum5tative spee*1 on ! "p ( ! prosecution1 "s man collect$ a p>cel ( ! rabble1 & came )9 a few y>ds ( ! c\rt-h\se door1 & bawl$ 9 a l\d voice1 '"p !m--"p !m6' ,e body suppos$ !re 0 an affray1 & ran to ! doors & w9d[s to see2 behold1 !re 0 no?+ m ?an ! man1 & ! rabble he _h collect$ ar\nd him1 = ! purpose ( annoy+ ,col4 ,taylor :ile speak+4 ,a few m9utes aft]w>ds1 ?is same p]son br\ght a horse ne> ! c\rt-h\se door1 & comm5c$ cry+ ! horse1 z ?\gh he 0 = sale1 & cont9u$ = t5 or fifte5 m9utes to ride be=e ! c\rt-h\se door1 cry+ ! horse1 9 a l\d & boi/]\s tone ( voice4 ,! ,judge sat z a sil5t li/5] to ! indignity ?us (f]$ ! c\rt & c\nsel by ?is man1 )\t int]pos+ 8 au?ority4 ,to %[ ! depravity ( ! times1 & ! p1 aft] ! v]dict _h be5 deliv]$ by ! jury1 & ! c\rt in=m$ ,wilson t he 0 dis*>g$1 !re 0 a ru% t[>d him3 "s seiz$ him by ! h&1 "s by ! arm1 & !re 0 great & l\d rejoic+ & exultation1 directly 9 ! pres5ce ( ! c\rt3 & ,wilson told ! ,%]iff to take ! jury to a groc]y1 t he might treat !m1 & invit$ e body t *ose to g4 ,! h\se 0 soon fill$ to ov]fl[+4 ,! rejoic+ 0 kept up till ne> supp] "t3 b to cap ! climax1 soon aft] supp] 0 ov]1 a majority ( ! jury1 toge!r ) _m o!rs1 w5t to ! rooms t _h be5 occupi$ sev]al days by ! fri5d & relation ( ! murd]$ ,an?ony1 & comm5c$ a sc5e ( ! mo/ ridicul\s danc+1 7z x is believ$17 9 triumph = ,wilson1 & z a triumph ov] ! feel+s ( ! relations ( ! dep>t$ ,an?ony4 ,! sc5e did n close "h4 ,! p>ty retir$ to a dram-%op1 & cont9u$ _! rejoic+ until ab\t half aft] #aj o'clock4 ,!y !n collect$ a p>cel ( horns1 trumpets1 c41 & m>*$ ?r\gh ! /reets1 bl[+ !m1 till ne> day1 :5 "o ( ! company rode 8 horse 9 ! por* adjo9+ ! room :i* 0 occupi$ by ! relations ( ! deceas$4 ,?is case is giv5 to ! read] at l5g?1 9 ord] fully to %[1 t 9 a community :]e ! law sanctions ! commission ( e species ( outrage ^u "o class ( citiz5s1 x fo/]s passions :i* w p>alyze its p[] to protect ! o!r classes4 ,look at ! facts develop$ 9 ?is case1 z exhibit+ ! /ate ( society among slavehold]s4 #a/4 ,t ! memb]s ( ! legislature are 9 ! habit ( we>+ b[ie knives4 ,wilson's knife 0 #aj or #aa in*es long4#db #b;d4 ,! murd]]1 ,wilson1 0 a man ( weal?1 presid5t ( ! bank at ! capital ( ! /ate1 a high milit>y (fic]1 & _h1 = _m ye>s1 be5 ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 z appe>s f a previ\s /atem5t 9 ! ,arkansas ,gazette4 #c;d4 ,! murd] 0 committ$ 9 op5 day1 be=e all ! memb]s ( ! ,h\se1 & _m spectators1 n "o ( :om seems to h made ! lea/ attempt to int]cept ,wilson1 z he advanc$ ^u ,an?ony ) 8 knife drawn1 b made way = him1 z is /at$ 9 ano!r acc\nt4 #d?4 ,?\gh ! murd] 0 committ$ 9 ! /ate-h\se1 at ! capital ( ! /ate1 days pass$ be=e ! civil au?orities mov$ 9 ! matt]2 & !y did n f9ally d x1 until ! relations ( ! murd]$ man dem&$ a w>rant = ! appreh5sion ( ! murd]]4 ,ev5 !n1 sev]al days elaps$ be=e he 0 br\ght be=e an exam9+ c\rt4 ,:5 8 trial came on1 he drove to x 9 /ate1 drew up be=e ! door ) 8 coa* & f\r1 alight$1 & /rid$ into c\rt l a "l among 8 vassals2 & !re1 ?\gh a cle>] case ( delib]ate murd] nev] reek$ 9 ! face ( ! sun1 yet he 0 admitt$ to bail1 ! c\rt absolutely refus+ to he> an argum5t f ! prosecut+ attorney1 %[+ t x 0 n a bailable case4 #e?4 ,! %]iff ( ,pulaski c\nty1 :o _h ,wilson 9 cu/ody1 nev] conf9$ him a mom5t1 b p]mitt$ him to g at l>ge :olly unre/ra9$4 ,:5 transf]r$ to ,sal9e co4 = trial1 ! %]iff ( t c\nty gave ,wilson ! same lib]ty1 & he sp5t 8 "t 9 p>ties ( pleasure1 fi%+1 hunt+1 & at h\ses ( ent]ta9m5t4 #f?4 ,f9ally1 to demon/rate to ! _w1 t ju/ice among slavehold]s is consi/5t ) itself2 t au?oriz+ man-/eal+ & patronis+ robb]y1 x w1 ( c\rse1 be ! patron & associate ( murd] also1 ! judge :o sat ^u ! case1 & ! murd]] :o 0 on trial = 8 life be=e him1 7 boon-companions toge!r1 eat+ & dr9k+ at ! same table ?r\gh\t ! trial4 ,!n came ! conclusion ( ! f>ce--! upro> r\nd ! c\rt-h\se dur+ ! trial1 dr[n+ ! voice ( ! prosecutor :ile plead+1 )\t ! lea/ attempt by ! c\rt to put x d[n--!n ! *>ge ( ! judge to ! jury1 & _! unanim\s v]dict ( acquittal--!n ! ru% f all qu>t]s ar\nd ! murd]] ) congratulations--! :ole cr[d 9 ! c\rt room %\t+ & *e]+--!n ,wilson lead+ ! way to a tav]n1 invit+ ! %]iff1 & jury1 & all pres5t to a treat--!n ! bac*analian revelry kept up all night1 a majority ( ! jurors p>ticipat+--! danc+1 ! triumphal procession ?r\gh ! /reets ) ! bl[+ ( horns & trumpets1 & ! pranc+ ( horses ?r\gh ! por* ( ! h\se occupi$ by ! relations ( ! murd]$ ,an?ony1 add+ insult & mock]y to _! agony4 ,a few mon?s be=e ?is murd] on ! floor ( ! legislature1 ,george ,scott1 ,esq41 =m]ly m>%all ( ! /ate 0 %ot 9 an affray at ,van ,bur51 ,craw=d co41 ,arkansas1 by a man nam$ ,walk]2 & ,rob]t ,c>o!rs1 9 an affray 9 ,/4 ,francis co41 %ot ,william ,ra*el1 j z ,ra*el 0 %oot+ at ,c>o!rs' fa!r4 7,national ,intellig5c]1 ,may #h1 #ahcg1 & ,little ,rock ,gazette1 ,augu/ #cj1 #ahcg47 ,:ile ,wilson's trial 0 9 progress1 ,mr4 ,gabriel ,sibley 0 /abb$ to ! he>t at a public d9n]1 9 ,/4 ,francis co41 ,arkansas1 by ,james ,w4 ,grant4 7,arkansas ,gazette1 ,may #cj1 #ahch47 ,h>dly a week be=e ?is1 ! foll[+ occurr$3 ,on ! #af? ult41 an enc\nt] took place at ,little ,rock1 ,ark41 betwe5 ,david ,f4 ,d\glass1 a "y man ( #ah or #ai1 & ,dr4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,h[ell4 ,a %ot 0 ex*ang$ betwe5 !m at ! di/ance ( #h or #aj feet ) d\ble-b>rell$ guns4 ,! load ( ,d\glass ent]$ ! left hip ( ,dr4 ,h[ell1 & a buck%ot f ! gun ( ! latt] /ruck a negro girl1 #ac or #ad ye>s ( age1 j bel[ ! pit ( ! /oma*4 ,d\glass !n fir$ a second "t & hit ,h[ell 9 ! left gro91 p5etrat+ ! abdom5 & bladd]1 & caus+ 8 dea? 9 f\r h\rs4 ,! negro girl1 at ! la/ dates1 0 n dead1 b no hopes 7 ent]ta9$ ( h] recov]y4 ,d\glass 0 committ$ to await 8 trial at ! ,april t]m ( ! ,circuit ,c\rt4--,l\isville ,j\rnal4 ,! ,little ,rock ,gazette ( ,oct4 #bd1 says1 ,we are aga9 call$ ^u to record ! cold blood$ murd] ( a valuable citiz54 ,on ! #aj? in/ant1 ,col4 ,john ,lasat]1 ( ,frankl9 co41 0 murd]$ by ,john ,w4 ,:itson1 :o delib]ately %ot him ) a %ot gun1 load$ ) a h&ful ( rifle balls1 six ( :i* ent]$ 8 body4 ,he liv$ twelve h\rs aft] he 0 %ot4 ,:itson is ! son ( ,william ,:itson1 :o 0 un=tunately kill$1 ab\t a ye> s9ce1 9 a r5contre ) ,col4 ,lasat]1 7:o 0 fully exon]at$ f all blame by a jury17 &1 9 rev5ge ( 8 fa!r's dea?1 committ$ ?is bloody de$4 ,^! atrocities 7 all p]petrat$ )9 a few mon?s ( ! "t ( ! delib]ate assass9ation1 on ! floor ( ! legislature by ! speak]1 already describ$1 & are probably b a small portion ( ! outrages committ$ 9 t /ate dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,! /ate ( ,arkansas conta9s ab\t =ty-five ?\s& :ite inhabitants1 :i* is1 if we mi/ake n1 ! pres5t population ( ,lit*field c\nty1 ,connecticut4 ,& we v5ture ! ass]tion1 t a public affray1 ) deadly weapons1 has n tak5 place 9 t c\nty = fifty ye>s1 if inde$ ev] s9ce its settlem5t a c5tury & a half ago4 ,,miss\ri4 ,miss\ri became "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahba4 ,its pres5t :ite population is ab\t two hundr$ & fifty ?\s&4 ,! foll[+ are a few ( ! affrays t h occurr$ !re dur+ ! ye>s #ahcg & '#ch4 ,! ,salt ,riv] ,j\rnal ,m>* #h1 #ahch1 has ! foll[+4 ,fatal ,affray4--,an affray took place dur+ la/ week1 9 ! t[n ( ,new ,london1 betwe5 ,dr4 ,peake & ,dr4 ,bosley1 bo? ( t village1 gr[+ out ( "s trivial matt] at a c>d p>ty4 ,aft] "s words1 ,bosley ?rew a glass at ,peake1 :i* 0 foll[$ up by o!r acts ( viol5ce1 & 9 ! qu>rel ,peake /abb$ ,bosley1 sev]al times ) a dirk1 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ,bosley di$ ! foll[+ morn+4 ,! c\rt ( inquiry consid]$ ,peake ju/ifiable1 & dis*>g$ him f arre/4 ,f ! ,/4 ,l\is ,republican1 ( ,septemb] #bi1 #ahcg4 ,we le>n t a fight occurr$ at ,b[l+-,gre51 9 ?is /ate1 a few days s9ce1 betwe5 ,dr4 ,mi*ael ,reynolds & ,h5ry ,lalor4 ,lalor procur$ a gun1 & ,mr4 ,dick]son wre/$ ! gun f him2 ?is produc$ a fight betwe5 ,lalor & ,dick]son1 9 :i* ! =m] /abb$ ! latt] 9 ! abdom54 ,mr4 ,dick]son di$ ( ! w\nd4 ,! foll[+ 0 9 ! same pap] ab\t a mon? previ\s1 ,augu/ #ba1 #ahcg4 ,a ,horse ,?ief ,%ot4--,a ?ief 0 caught 9 ! act ( /eal+ a horse on ,friday la/1 on ! opposite side ( ! riv]1 by a company ( p]sons out sport+4 ,mr4 ,krem]1 :o 0 9 ! company1 levell$ 8 rifle & ord]$ him to /op2 :i* he refus$2 he !n fir$ & lodg$ ! cont5ts 9 ! ?ief's body1 ( :i* he di$ soon aft]w>ds4 ,mr4 ,k4 w5t be=e a magi/rate1 :o aft] he>+ ! case1 ,,refus$ ,,to ,,hold ,,him ,,= ,,fur!r ,,trial6 ,on ! #e? ( ,july1 #ahch1 ,alpha ,p4 ,buckley murd]$ ,william ,yao*um 9 an affray 9 ,jackson c\nty1 ,miss\ri4 7,miss\ri ,republican1 ,july #bd1 #ahch47 ,g5]al ,atk9son ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army 0 waylaid on ! #d? ( ,septemb]1 #ahch1 by a numb] ( p]sons1 & attack$ 9 8 c>riage ne> ,/4 ,l\is1 on ! road to ,jeff]son ,b>racks1 b escap$ aft] %oot+ "o ( ! assailants4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,true ,am]ican ( ,octob] #bi1 '#ch1 speak+ ( ?is says3 ,x w be recollect$ t a few weeks ago1 ,judge ,d\gh]ty1 "o ( ! mo/ respectable citiz5s ( ,/4 ,l\is1 0 murd]$ ^u ! same road4 ,! same pap] conta9s ! foll[+ lett] f ! murd]] ( ,judge ,d\gh]ty4 ,murd] ( ,judge ,d\gh]ty4--,! ,/4 ,l\is ,republican receiv$ ! foll[+ my/]i\s lett]1 unseal$1 reg>d+ ?is brutal murd]3-- ,,nat*ez1 ,miss41 ,sept4 #bd4 ,messrs4 ,editors3--,rev5ge is sweet4 ,on ! night ( ! #aa?1 #ab?1 & #ac?1 ,i made prep>ations1 & did1 on ! #ad? ,july kill a rascal1 & only regret t ,i h n ! privilege ( tell+ ! circum/ance4 ,i h s plac$ x t ,i c nev] be id5tifi$2 & fur!r1 ,i h no compunctions ( consci5ce = ! dea? ( ,?omas ,m4 ,d\gh]ty4 ,b in/ead ( pres5t+ individual affrays & s+le atrocities1 h[ev] num]\s1 7& ! ,miss\ri pap]s ab\nd ) !m17 9 ord] to exhibit ! true /ate ( society !re1 we ref] to ! fact n[ univ]sally notori\s1 t = mon?s dur+ ! la/ fall & w9t]1 "s hundr$s ( in(f5sive ,mormons1 occupy+ a consid]able tract ( l&2 & a fl\ri%+ village 9 ! int]ior ( ! /ate1 h suff]$ e species ( inhuman outrage f ! inhabitants ( ! surr\nd+ c\nties--t = weeks toge!r1 mobs consi/+ ( hundr$s & ?\s&s1 kept !m 9 a /ate ( con/ant siege1 lay+ wa/e _! l&s1 de/roy+ _! cattle & provisions1 te>+ d[n _! h\ses1 ravi%+ ! females1 seiz+ & dragg+ (f & kill+ ! m54 ,n "o ( ! ?\s&s engag$ 9 ^! horrible outrages & but*]ies has1 s f> z we c le>n1 be5 indict$4 ,! foll[+ extract ( a lett] f a milit>y (fic] ( "o ( ! brigades ord]$ out by ! ,gov]nor ( ,miss\ri1 to t]m9ate ! matt]1 is tak5 f ! ,nor? ,alabamian ( ,decemb] #bb1 #ahch4 ,correspond5ce ( ! ,na%ville ,:ig4 ,,! ,,mormon ,,w>4 ,,mill]sburg1 ,mo4 ,novemb] #h4 ,de> ,sir--,a lawless mob _h organiz$ !mselves = ! express purpose ( driv+ ! ,mormons f ! c\ntry1 or ext]m9at+ !m1 = no o!r reason1 t ,i c p]ceive1 ?an t ^! poor delud$ creatures own$ a l>ge & f]tile body ( l& 9 _! neighborhood1 & w\ld n let !m 7! ,mobocrats7 h x = _! own price4 ,i h j return$ f ! seat ( difficulty1 & am p]fectly conv]sant ) all ! facts 9 relation to x4 ,! mob meet+ ) resi/ance altoge!r unanticipat$1 call$ l\dly ^u ! k9dr$ spirits ( adjac5t c\nties = help4 ,! ,mormons det]m9$ to die 9 def5ce ( _! rights1 set ab\t =tify+ _! t[n ,f> ,we/1 ) a resolution & en]gy t kept ! mob 7:o all ! "t 7 ext5d+ _! cries ( help to all p>ts ( ,miss\ri7 at bay4 ,! ,gov]nor1 f exagg]at$ acc\nts ( ! ,mormon depr$ations1 issu$ ord]s = ! rais+ ( sev]al ?\s& m\nt$ riflem51 ( :i* ?is division rais$ five hundr$1 & ! writ] ( ?is 0 honor$ ) ! appo9tm5t ( ---- to ! ,brigade4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ?is mon?1 we m>*$ = ! seat ( w>1 b ,g5]al ,cl>k1 ,comm&]-9-*ief1 hav+ rea*$ ,f> ,we/ on ! day previ\s ) a l>ge =ce1 ! difficulty 0 settl$ :5 we arriv$1 s we escap$ ! infamy & disgrace ( a bloody victory4 ,be=e ,g5]al ,cl>k's arrival1 ! mob _h increas$ to ab\t f\r ?\s&1 & det]m9$ to attack ! t[n4 ,! ,mormons ^u ! approa* ( ! mob1 s5t out a :ite flag1 :i* be+ fir$ on by ! mob1 ,jo ,smi? & ,rigdon1 & a few o!r ,mormons ( less influ5ce1 gave !mselves up to ! mob1 ) a view ( s f> appeas+ _! wra? z to save _! wom5 & *ildr5 f viol5ce4 ,va9 hope6 ,! prison]s be+ secur$1 ! mob ent]$ ! t[n & p]petrat$ e conceivable act ( brutality & outrage--=c+ fifte5 or tw5ty ,mormon girls to yield to _! brutal passions666 ,( ^! ?+s ,i 0 assur$ by _m p]sons :ile ,i 0 at ,f> ,we/1 9 ^: v]acity ,i h ! utmo/ confid5ce4 ,i conv]s$ ) _m ( ! prison]s1 :o numb]$ ab\t eight hundr$1 among :om !re 7 _m "y & int]e/+ girls1 & ,i assure y1 a m di/ract$ set ( creatures ,i nev] saw4 ,i assure y1 my de> sir1 x 0 peculi>ly he>t-r5d+ to see old gray head$ fa!rs & mo!rs1 "y ladies & innoc5t babes1 =c$ at ?is inclem5t season1 ) ! !rmomet] at #h degrees bel[ z]o1 to ab&on _! w>m h\ses1 & _m ( !m ! luxuries & elegances ( a high degree ( civilization & intellig5ce & take up _! m>* = ! uncultivat$ wilds ( ! ,miss\ri fronti]4 ,! bett] in=m$ "h h b "o op9ion ( ! result ( ?is ,mormon p]secution1 & t is1 x is a mo/ fe>ful ext5sion ( ,judge ,lyn*'s jurisdiction4 ,! pres5t :ite population ( ,miss\ri is b ?irty ?\s& less ?an t ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 & yet ! insecurity ( human life 9 ! =m] /ate to t 9 ! latt]1 is probably at lea/ tw5ty to "o4 ,,alabama4 ,?is /ate 0 admitt$ to ! ,union 9 #ahai4 ,its pres5t :ite population is n f> f ?ree hundr$ ?\s&4 ,! security ( human life to ,alabama1 may be inf]r$ f ! facts & te/imony :i* foll[3 ,! ,mobile ,regi/] ( ,nov4 #ae1 #ahcg1 conta9s ! annual message ( ,mr4 ,mc,vay1 ! act+ ,gov]nor ( ! /ate1 at ! op5+ ( ! ,legislature4 ,! message has ! foll[+ on ! frequ5cy ( homicides3 ,we he> ( homicides 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! /ate cont9ually1 & yet h[ few convictions = murd]1 & /ill few] executions8 ,h[ is ?is to be acc\nt$ =8 ,9 reg>d to 'assault & batt]y ) int5t to commit murd]1' :y is x t ?is (f5ce cont9ues s common--:y d we he> ( /abb+s & %oot+s almo/ daily 9 "s "p or o!r ( our /ate8 ,! ,montgom]y 7,alabama7 ,adv]tis] ( ,april #bb1 #ahcg1 has ! foll[+ f ! ,mobile ,regi/]3 ,)9 a few days a man 0 %ot 9 an affray 9 ! upp] "p ( ! t[n1 & has s9ce di$4 ,! p]petrator ( ! viol5ce is at l>ge4 ,we ne$ h>dly speak ( ano!r sc5e :i* occurr$ 9 ,royal /reet1 :5 a fray occurr$ betwe5 two individuals1 a ?ird /&+ by ) a cock$ pi/ol to prev5t int]f]5ce4 ,on ,saturday night a /ill m excit+ sc5e ( outrage took place 9 ! !atre4 ,an alt]cation comm5c$ at ! porquett entrance betwe5 ! *eck-tak] & a "y man1 :i* end$ 9 ! fir/ be+ desp]ately w\nd$ by a /ab ) a knife4 ,! o!r also drew a pi/ol4 ,if "s /range manife/ations ( public op9ion1 d n co]ce a _s ( def]5ce to law1 & ! ab&onm5t ( ! habit ( c>ry+ secret arms1 we %all des]ve e reproa* we may receive1 & h our puni%m5t 9 ! un*eck$ gr[? ( a _s ( lawlessness1 reckless de$s1 & exasp]at$ feel+1 :i* w de/roy our social com=t at home1 & respectability abroad4 ,f ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 ( ,nov4 #g1 #ahcg4 ,a trifl+ dispute arose betwe5 ,silas ,r&al & ,ph>aoh ,mass+ale1 bo? ( ,m>%all c\nty4 ,!y ex*ang$ b a few words1 :5 ! =m] drew a ,b[ie knife & /abb$ ! latt] 9 ! abdom5 front+ ! left hip to ! dep? ( sev]al in*es2 also inflict$ sev]al o!r dang]\s w\nds1 ( :i* ,mass5gale di$ imm$iately4--,r&al is yet at l>ge1 n hav+ be5 appreh5d$4 ,f ! ,free ,press ( ,augu/ #af1 #ahch4 ,! /reets ( ,ga9esville1 ,alabama1 h rec5tly be5 ! sc5e ( a mo/ tragic affair4 ,"s five weeks s9ce1 at a meet+ ( ! citiz5s1 ,col4 ,*ri/oph] ,scott1 a lawy] ( good /&+1 & "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial citiz5s ( ! place1 made a viol5t attack on ! ,tombeckbee ,rail ,road ,company4 ,a ,mr4 ,smi?1 ag5t = ! ,t4,r4,r4 ,company1 took ,col4 ,c's rem>ks z a p]sonal insult1 & dem&$ an explanation4 ,a day or two aft]1 z ,mr4 ,smi? 0 pass+ ,colonel ,scott's door1 he 0 %ot d[n by him1 & aft] l+]+ a few h\rs expir$4 ,x appe>s also f an ,alabama pap]1 t ,col4 ,scott's bro!r1 ,l4,s4 ,scott ,esq41 & ,l4,j4 ,smi? ,esq41 7 accomplices ( ! ,colonel 9 ! murd]4 ,! foll[+ is f ! ,nat*ez ,free ,trad]1 ,june #ad1 #ahch4 ,an affray1 att5d$ ) fatal consequ5ces1 occurr$ 9 ! t[n ( ,m\lton1 ,alabama1 on ! #ab? ,may4 ,x appe>s t ?ree "y m5 f ! c\ntry1 ( ! "n ( ,j4 ,walton1 ,geo4 ,b[l+1 & ,alex&] ,b[l+1 rode into ,m\lton on t day = ! purpose ( *a/is+ ! b>-keep] at ,mc,cord's tav]n1 ^: "n is ,c[an1 = an alleg$ insult (f]$ by him to ! fa!r ( "y ,walton4 ,!y made a furi\s attack on ,c[an1 & drove him into ! b> room ( ! tav]n4 ,"s "t aft]1 a second attack 0 made ^u ,c[an 9 ! /reet by "o ( ! ,b[l+s & ,walton1 :5 pi/ols 7 resort$ to by bo? p>ties4 ,?ree r\nds 7 fir$1 & ! ?ird %ot1 :i* 0 said to h be5 dis*>g$ by ,walton1 /ruck a "y man by ! "n ( ,neil1 :o happ5$ to be pass+ 9 ! /reet at ! "t1 & kill$ him in/antly4 ,! combatants 7 tak5 into cu/ody1 & aft] an exam9ation be=e two magi/rates1 7 bail$4 ,! foll[+ exploits ( ! ,alabama ,volunte]s1 are record$ 9 ! ,florida ,h]ald1 ,jan4 #a1 #ahch4 ,,save ,,u ,,f ,,our ,,fri5ds4--,on ,monday la/1 a l>ge body ( m51 call+ !mselves ,alabama ,volunte]s1 arriv$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ?is city4 ,x is report$ t _! conduct dur+ _! m>* f ,tallahassee to ?is city has be5 a s]ies ( excesses ( e description4 ,!y h committ$ almo/ e crime except murd]1 & h ev5 ?reat5$ life4 ,l>ge numb]s ( !m p>ad$ our /reets1 grossly insult$ our females1 & 7 o!rwise extremely riot\s 9 _! conduct4 ,"o ( ! squads1 =ty or fifty 9 numb]1 on rea*+ ! bridge1 :]e !re 0 a small gu>d ( ?ree or f\r m5 /ation$1 assault$ ! gu>d1 ov]turn$ ! s5try-box into ! riv]1 & bodily seiz$ two ( ! gu>d1 & ?rew !m into ! riv]1 :]e ! wat] 0 deep1 & !y 7 =c$ to swim = _! lives4 ,at "o ( ! m5 :ile 9 ! wat]1 !y po9t$ a musket1 ?reat5+ to kill him2 & pelt$ ) e missile :i* came to h&4 ,! foll[+ ,alabama trag$y is publi%$ by ! ,columbia 7,s4,c47 ,telescope1 ,sept4 99991 #ahcg1 f ! ,wetumpka ,s5t9el4 ,our highly respectable t[nsman1 ,mr4 ,hugh ,w>e1 a m]*ant ( ,wetumpka1 0 /&+ 9 ! door ( 8 c\nt+ room1 betwe5 ! h\rs ( #h & #i o'clock at night1 9 company ) a fri5d1 :5 an assass9 lurk$ )9 a few paces ( 8 position1 & dis*>g$ 8 musket1 load$ ) t5 or fifte5 buck%ot4 ,mr4 ,w>e in/antly fell1 & expir$ )\t a /ruggle or a groan4 ,a coron]'s inque/ decid$ t ! deceas$ came to 8 dea? by viol5ce1 & t ,abn] ,j4 ,cody1 & 8 s]vant ,john1 7 ! p]petrators4 ,john frankly confess$1 t 8 ma/]1 ,cody1 compell$ him to assi/1 ?reat5+ 8 life if he d>$ to disobey2 t he c>ri$ ! musket to ! place at :i* x 0 dis*>g$2 t 8 ma/] !n receiv$ x f him1 re/$ x on ! f5ce1 fir$ & kill$ ,mr4 ,w>e4 ,f ! ,s\!rn 7,miss47 ,me*anic1 ,april #ag1 #ahch4 ,,horrid ,,but*]y4--,a desp]ate fight occurr$ 9 ,montgom]y1 ,alabama1 on ! #bh? ult4 ,we le>n f ! ,advocate ( t city1 t ! p]sons engag$ 7 ,wm4 ,s4 ,mooney & ,k5yon ,mooney1 8 son1 ,edw>d ,bell1 & ,bu%rod ,bell1 ,jr4 ,! fir/ receiv$ a w\nd 9 ! abdom51 made by t fatal in/rum5t1 ! ,b[ie knife1 :i* caus$ 8 dea? 9 ab\t fifte5 h\rs4 ,! second 0 %ot 9 ! side1 & w\ld d\btless h be5 kill$1 _h n ! ball p>tly lo/ its =ce by fir/ /rik+ 8 arm4 ,! ?ird receiv$ a %ot 9 ! neck1 & n[ lies )\t hope ( recov]y4 ,! f\r? escap$ unhurt1 &1 we und]/& has fl$4 ,?is is a brief /atem5t ( "o ( ! bloodie/ fights t we ev] he>d (4 ,f ! ,virg9ia ,/atesman1 ,may #f1 #ahcg4 ,sev]al affrays1 :]e9 pi/ols1 dirks & knives 7 us$1 lately occurr$ at ,mobile4 ,"o took place on ! #h? in/41 at ! !atre1 9 :i* a ,mr4 ,bellum 0 s badly /abb$ t 8 life is despair$ (4 ,on ! ,w$nesday prec$+1 a man nam$ ,johnson %ot ano!r nam$ ,sn[ dead4 ,no notice 0 tak5 ( ! affair4 ,f ! ,huntsville ,advocate1 ,june #bj1 #ahcg4 ,,desp]ate ,,affray4--,on ,sunday ! #aa? in/41 an affray ( desp>ate & fatal "* occurr$ ne> ,jeat]'s ,l&+1 ,m>%all c\nty1 ,alabama4 ,! dispute :i* l$ to x arose out ( a conte/$ "r to possession ( a piece ( l&4 ,a ,mr4 ,/eele 0 ! occupant1 & ,mr4 ,james ,mc,farlane & "s o!rs1 claimants4 ,mr4 ,f4 & 8 fri5ds w5t to ,mr4 ,/eele's h\se ) a view to take possession1 :e!r peaceably or by viol5ce1 we d n c]ta9ly "k4 ,z !y ent]$ ! h\se a qu>rel ensu$ betwe5 ! opposite p>ties1 & "s bl[s p]haps foll[$2 9 a %ort "t1 sev]al guns 7 dis*>g$ f ! h\se at ,mr4 ,mc,farlane & fri5ds4 ,mr4 ,m4 0 kill$1 a ,mr4 ,fream/] dang]\sly w\nd$1 & x is ?\ght w n recov]2 two o!rs 7 also w\nd$1 ?\gh n s z to endang] life4 ,mr4 ,/eele's bro!r 0 w\nd$ by ! dis*>ge ( a pi/ol f "o ( ,mr4 ,m's fri5ds4 ,we h he>d "s o!r p>ticul>s ab\t ! affray1 b we ab/a9 f giv+ !m1 z incid5tal v]sions are (t5 errone\s1 & z ! :ole matt] w be submitt$ to legal inve/igation4 ,f\r ( ,/eele's p>ty1 8 bro!r1 & ?ree ^: names are ,l5t51 ,coll9s & ,wills1 h be5 arre/$1 & are n[ conf9$ 9 ! gaol 9 ?is place4 ,f ! ,norfolk ,beacon1 ,july #ad1 #ahch4 ,a few days s9ce at ,claysville1 ,m>%al co41 ,alabama1 ,messrs4 ,na?aniel & ,graves ,w4 ,/eele1 :ile rid+ 9 a c>riage1 7 %ot dead1 & ,alex4 ,/eele & ,wm4 ,coll9s1 also 9 ! c>riage1 7 sev]ely w\nd$1 7! =m] suppos$ mortally17 by ,messrs4 ,jesse ,all51 ,alex&] & ,ar?ur ,mc,farlane1 & ,daniel ,dick]son4 ,! ,/eeles1 x appe>s1 la/ ye> kill$ ,james ,mc,farlane & ano!r p]son 9 a simil> mann]1 :i* l$ to ?is dreadful retaliation4 ,f ! ,montgom]y 7,ala47 ,advocate--,wa%+ton1 ,autauga ,co41 ,dec4 #bh1 #ahch4 ,,fatal ,,r5contre4--,on ,friday la/1 ! #bh? ult41 a fatal r5contre took place 9 ! t[n ( ,wa%+ton1 ,autauga c\nty1 betwe5 ,john ,tittle & ,?omas ,j4 ,t>leton1 :i* result$ 9 ! dea? ( ! =m]4 ,aft] a pati5t inve/igation ( ! matt]1 ,mr4 ,t>leton 0 releas$ by ! inve/igat+ tribunal1 on ! gr\nd t ! homicide 0 cle>ly ju/ifiable4 ,! ,columbus 7,ga47 ,s5t9el ,july #f1 #ahcg1 quotes ! foll[+ f ! ,mobile 7,ala47 ,exam9]4 ,a man by ! "n ( ,pet] ,*ur* 0 kill$ on "o ( ! :>ves night be=e la/4 ,! p]son by :om x 0 done deliv]$ himself to ! prop] au?orities ye/]day morn+4 ,! deceas$ & de/roy] 7 fri5ds & ! act occurr$ 9 consequ5ce ( an immat]ial qu>rel4 ,! ,mill$geville ,f$]al ,union ( ,july #aa1 #ahcg1 has ! foll[+ ,9 ,selma1 ,alabama resid$ lately messrs4 ,philips & ,dick]son1 physicians4 ,mr4 ,p4 is bro!r to ! wife ( ,v4 ,bleev9 ,esq41 a ri* cotton plant] 9 t neighborhood2 ! latt] has a v lovely daught]1 to :om ,dr4 ,d4 paid 8 addresses4 ,a %ort "t s9ce a g5tleman f ,mobile m>ri$ h]4 ,soon aft] ?is1 a s*oolma/] 9 ,selma set a cry afloat to ! effect1 t he _h he>d ,dr4 ,d4 say ?+s ab\t ! lady's conduct be=e m>riage :i* ought n to be said ab\t any lady4 ,dr4 ,d4 d5i$ hav+ said su* ?+s1 & ! o!r d5i$ hav+ spread ! /ory2 b nei!r d5ials suffic$ to pacify ! enrag$ p>5t4 ,he met ,dr4 ,d4 fir$ at him two pi/ols1 & w\nd$ him4 ,dr4 ,d4 0 un>m$1 & advanc$ to ,mr4 ,bleev91 hold+ up 8 h&s implor+ly1 :5 ,mr4 ,b4 drew a ,b[ie knife1 & /abb$ him to ! he>t4 ,! doctor dropp$ dead on ! spot3 & ,mr4 ,bleev9 has be5 held to bail4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f ! ,alabama1 ,intellig5c]1 ,sept4 #ag1 #ahch4 ,on ! #e? in/ant1 a deadly r5c\nt] took place 9 ! /reets ( ,russelville1 7our c\nty t[n17 betwe5 ,john ,a4 ,*amb]s1 ,esq41 ( ! city ( ,mobile1 & ,?omas ,l4 ,jones1 ( ?is c\nty4 ,9 ! r5c\nt]1 ,jones 0 w\nd$ by sev]al balls :i* took effect 9 8 *91 m\?1 neck1 arm1 & %\ld]1 believ$ to be mortal2 he did n fire 8 gun4 ,mr4 ,*amb]s =?) surr5d]$ himself to ! ,%]iff ( ! c\nty1 & 0 on ! #f?1 tri$ & fully acquitt$1 by a c\rt ( inquiry4 ,! ,maysville 7,ky47 ,advocate ( ,augu/ #ad1 #ahch1 gives ! foll[+ affray1 :i* took place 9 ,gir>d1 ,alabama1 ,july #aj?4 ,two bro!rs nam$ ,?omas & ,hal ,lucas1 :o _h be5 mu* 9 ! habit ( qu>rell+1 came toge!r "u /rong excitem5t1 & ,tom1 z 0 8 frequ5t cu/om1 be+ ab\t to flog ,hal ) a /ick ( "s sort1 ! latt] drew a pi/ol & %ot ! =m]1 8 own bro!r1 ?r\gh ! he>t1 :o almo/ in/antly expir$6 ,! ,new ,orleans ,bee ( ,oct4 #e1 #ahch1 relates an affray 9 ,mobile1 ,alabama1 betwe5 ,b5jam9 ,alex&]1 an ag$ man ( n9ety1 ) ,?omas ,hamilton1 8 gr&son1 on ! #bd? ( ,septemb]1 9 :i* ! =m] kill$ ! latt] ) a dirk4 ,! ,r$ ,riv] ,:ig ( ,july #g1 #ahch1 gives ! p>ticul>s ( a trag$y 9 ,we/]n ,alabama1 9 :i* a plant] ne> ,lakeville1 left home = "s days1 b suspect+ 8 wife's fidelity1 return$ home late at night1 & f9d+ 8 suspicions v]ifi$1 set fire to 8 h\se & wait$ ) 8 rifle be=e ! door1 till 8 wife & h] p>am\r attempt$ to ru% out1 :5 he %ot !m bo? dead4 ,f ! ,morgan 7,ala47 ,obs]v]1 ,dec4 #ahch4 ,we are in=m$ f private s\rces1 t on la/ ,saturday1 a poor man :o 0 mov+ we/w>d ) 8 wife & ?ree little *ildr5 & driv+ a small drove ( %eep1 & p]haps a c[ or two1 :i* 0 driv5 by 8 family1 on arriv+ 9 ,flor5ce1 & :ile pass+ ?r\gh1 met ) a citiz5 ( t place1 :o rode into 8 flock & caus$ him "s tr\ble to keep x toge!r1 :5 ! mov] in=m$ ! individual t he mu/ n d s aga9 or he w\ld ?r[ a rock at him1 ^u :i* "s words ensu$1 & ! individual aga9 di/urb$ ! flock1 :5 ! mov]1 z ne> z we c le>n1 ?rew at him ^u ?is ! tr\blesome man got (f 8 horse1 w5t into a groc]y1 got a gun1 & came out & delib]ately %ot ! poor /rang] 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 wife & little *ildr54 ,! w\nd$ man !n made an ef=t to get into "s h\se1 :5 8 murd]\s assailant ov]took & /abb$ him to ! he>t ) a ,b[ie knife4 ,?is revolt+ sc5e1 we are in=m$1 occurr$ 9 ! pres5ce ( _m citiz5s1 :o1 report says1 nev] ev5 lift$ _! voices 9 def5ce ( ! murd]$ man4 ,a late numb] ( ! ,flag ( ! ,union1 publi%$ at ,tuscalosa1 ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,alabama1 /ates t s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! late session ( ! legislature ( t /ate1 no less ?an ,,?irte5 ,,fights _h be5 _h )9 sight ( ! capitol4 ,pi/ols & ,b[ie knives 7 us$ 9 e case4 ,! pres5t :ite population ( ,alabama is ab\t ! same ) t ( ,new ,j]sey1 yet = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s !re has n be5 s _m public deadly affrays1 & ( su* a horrible "*1 9 ,new ,j]sey1 z h tak5 place 9 ,alabama )9 ! la/ eight mon?s4 ,,mississippi4 ,mississippi became "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahag4 ,its pres5t :ite population is ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty ?\s&4 ,! foll[+ extracts w s]ve to %[ t ^? :o comb9e toge!r to beat1 rob1 & manacle innoc5t m51 wom5 & *ildr51 w /ick at no?+ :5 _! passions are up4 ,! foll[+ murd]\s affray at ,canton1 ,mississippi1 is f ! ,alabama ,beacon1 ,sept1 #ac1 #ahch4 ,a t]rible trag$y rec5tly occurr$ at ,canton1 ,miss41 gr[+ out ( ! late duel betwe5 ,messrs4 ,dick9s & ,drane ( t place4 ,a ,k5tuckian happ5+ to be 9 ,canton1 spoke ( ! duel1 & *>g$ ,mr4 ,mit*ell ,calh\n1 ! second ( ,drane1 ) c[>dice & unfairness4 ,mr4 ,calh\n call$ on ! ,k5tuckian = an explanation1 & ! (f5sive *>ge 0 repeat$4 ,a *all5ge & fight ) ,b[ie knives1 toe to toe1 7 ! consequ5ces4 ,bo? p>ties 7 dreadfully & dang]\sly w\nd$1 ?\gh nei!r 0 dead at ! la/ advices4 ,mr4 ,calh\n is a bro!r to ! ,hon4 ,john ,calh\n1 memb] ( ,congress4 ,"h foll[s ! acc\nt ( ! duel ref]r$ to above1 betwe5 ,messrs4 ,dick9s & ,drane4 ,intellig5ce has be5 receiv$ 9 ?is t[n ( a fatal duel t took place 9 ,canton1 ,miss41 on ! #bh? ult41 betwe5 ,rufus ,k4 ,dick9s1 & a ,mr4 ,we/ley ,drane4 ,!y f\ght ) d\ble b>rell$ guns1 load$ ) buck%ot--bo? 7 mortally w\nd$4 ,! ,l\isville ,j\rnal publi%es ! foll[+1 ,nov4 #bc4 ,on ! #g? in/ant1 a fatal affray took place at ,gallat91 ,mississippi4 ,! pr9cipal p>ties conc]n$ 71 ,messrs4 ,john ,w4 ,scott1 ,james ,g4 ,scott1 & ,edmund ,b4 ,hat*4 ,! latt] 0 %ot d[n & !n /abb$ twice ?r\gh ! body1 by ,j4,g4 ,scott4 ,! ,alabama ,beacon ( ,sept4 #ac1 #ahch1 says3 ,an attempt 0 made 9 ,vicksburg lately1 by a gang ( ,lyn*]s1 to inflict summ>y puni%m5t on ?ree m5 ( ! "n ( ,fleck5/e94 ,! assault 0 made ^u ! h\se1 ab\t #aa o'clock at night4 ,meet+ ) "s resi/ance f ! ?ree ,fleck5/e9s1 a lead] ( ! gang1 by ! "n ( ,helt1 dis*>g$ 8 pi/ol1 & w\nd$ "o ( ! bro!rs sev]ely 9 ! neck & jaws4 ,a volley ( f\r or five %ots 0 almo/ in/antly return$1 :5 ,helt fell dead1 a piece ( ! top ( ! skull be+ torn (f1 & almo/ ! :ole ( 8 bra9s da%$ out4 ,8 comrades see+ him fall1 sudd5ly took to _! heels4 ,!re 71 x is suppos$1 "s t5 or fifte5 conc]n$ 9 ! transaction4 ,! ,man*e/] 7,miss47 ,gazette1 ,augu/ #aa1 #ahch1 says3 ,x appe>s t ,mr4 ,asa ,hazelt9e1 :o kept a public or bo>d+ h\se 9 ,jackson1 dur+ ! pa/ w9t]1 & ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,tann]1 came "h ab\t five or six weeks s9ce1 ) ! int5tion ( op5+ a public h\se4 ,foil$ 9 ! design1 9 ! settlem5t ( _! affairs "s difficulty arose z to a "q ( v]acity betwe5 ! p>ties4 ,mr4 ,tann]1 deeply excit$1 procur$ a pi/ol & load$ x ) ! *>ge ( dea?1 s\ght & f\nd ! object ( 8 hatr$ 9 ! aft]noon1 9 ! y>d ( ,messrs4 ,kez] ,mayn>d1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( sev]al p]sons1 aft] repeat$ & ineffectual attempts on ! "p ( ,capt4 ,jackson to baffle 8 fell _s1 %ot ! un=tunate victim1 ( :i* w\nd ,mr4 ,hazelt9e di$ 9 a %ort "t4 ,we und]/& t ,mr4 ,hazelt9e 0 a native ( ,bo/on4 ,! ,columbia 7,s4,c47 ,telescope1 ,sept4 #af1 #ahcg1 gives ! details bel[3 ,by a lett] f ,mississippi1 we h an acc\nt ( a r5contre :i* took place 9 ,rodney1 on ! #bg? ,july1 betwe5 ,messrs4 ,?os4 ,j4 ,john/on & ,g4,h4 ,wilcox1 bo? =m]ly ( ?is city4 ,9 consequ5ce ( c]ta9 publications made by ^! g5tlem5 aga9/ ea* o!r1 ,john/on *all5g$ ,wilcox4 ,! latt] decl9+ to accept ! *all5ge1 ,john/on in=m$ 8 fri5ds at ,rodney1 t he w\ld be !re at ! t]m ( ! c\rt !n n di/ant1 :5 he w\ld make an attack ^u him4 ,he repair$ ?i!r on ! #bf?1 & on ! next morn+ ! foll[+ communication 0 read al\d 9 ! pres5ce ( ,wilcox & a l>ge cr[d3 ,rodney1 ,july #bg1 #ahcg4 ,mr4 ,john/on in=ms ,mr4 ,wilcox1 t at or ab\t #a o'clock ( ?is day1 he w be on ! common1 opposite ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ?is t[n1 wait+ & expect+ ,mr4 ,wilcox to meet him !re4 ,i pl$ge my honor t ,mr4 ,john/on w n fire at ,mr4 ,wilcox1 until he arrives at a di/ance ( "o hundr$ y>ds f him1 & ,i desire ,mr4 ,wilcox or any ( 8 fri5ds1 to see t di/ance accurately measur$4 ,mr4 ,john/on w wait !re ?irty m9utes4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,duffield4 ,mr4 ,wilcox decl9$ be+ a p>ty to any su* arrangem5t1 & ,mr4 ,d4 told him to be prep>$ = an attack4 ,accord+ly1 ab\t an h\r aft] ?is1 ,john/on proce$$ t[>ds ,wilcox's (fice1 arm$ ) a d\ble-b>rell$ gun1 7"o ( ! b>rels rifl$17 & ?ree pi/ols 9 8 belt4 ,he halt$ ab\t fifty y>ds f ,w's door & level$ 8 gun4 ,w4 )drew be=e ,john/on c\ld fire1 & seiz$ a musket1 return$ to ! door & fla%$4 ,john/on fir$ bo? b>rels )\t effect4 ,wilcox !n seiz$ a d\ble b>rel gun1 & ,john/on a musket1 & bo? aga9 fir$4 ,wilcox s5t tw5ty-?ree buck %ot ov] ,john/on's head1 "o ( !m pass+ ?r\gh 8 hat1 & ,wilcox 0 slightly w\nd$ on bo? h&s1 8 ?igh & leg4 ,f ! ,alabama ,beacon1 ,may #bg1 #ahch4 ,an affray ( ! mo/ b>b>\s nature 0 expect$ to take place 9 ,arkansas opposite ,pr9ceton1 on ,?ursday la/4 ,! two orig9al p>ties h be5 endeavor+ = sev]al weeks1 to settle _! diff]5ces at ,nat*ez4 ,"o ( ! individuals conc]n$ /ood pl$g$1 our in=mant /ates1 to fight ?ree diff]5t antagoni/s 9 "o day4 ,! fights1 we und]/&1 7 to be ) pi/ols2 b a v>iety ( o!r weapons 7 tak5 along--among o!rs1 ! deadly ,b[ie knife4 ,^! latt] in/rum5ts1 we are told1 7 :ett$ & dress$ up at ,gr& ,gulf1 z ! p>ties pass$ up1 av[$ly ) ! int5tion ( be+ us$ 9 ! field4 ,f ! ,s\!rn 7,miss7 ,argus1 ,nov4 #ba1 #ahcg4 ,we le>n t1 at a wood y>d above ,nat*ez1 on ,sunday ev5+ la/1 a difficulty arose betwe5 ,capta9 ,crosly1 ( ! /eamboat ,gal5ian1 & "o ( 8 deck pass5g]s4 ,capt4 ,c4 drew a ,b[ie knife1 & made a pass at ! ?roat ( ! pass5g]1 :i* fail$ to d any h>m1 & ! capta9 !n ord]$ him to leave 8 boat4 ,! man w5t on bo>d to get 8 baggage1 & ! capta9 imm$iately s\ght ! cab9 = a pi/ol4 ,z ! pass5g] 0 ab\t leav+ ! boat1 ! capta9 pres5t$ a pi/ol to 8 brea/1 :i* snapp$4 ,in/antly ! enrag$ & wrong$ individual seiz$ ,capt4 ,crosly by ! ?roat1 & br\ght him to ! gr\nd1 :5 he drew a dirk & /abb$ him eight or n9e times 9 ! brea/1 ea* bl[ driv+ ! weapon into 8 body up to ! hilt4 ,! pass5g] 0 arre/$1 c>ri$ to ,nat*ez1 tri$ & acquitt$4 ,! ,plant]'s ,intellig5c] publi%es ! foll[+ f ! ,vicksburg ,s5t9el ( ,june #ai1 #ahch4 ,ab\t #a o'clock1 we obs]v$ two m5 'pummel+' "o ano!r 9 ! /reet1 to ! inf9ite amusem5t ( a cr[d4 ,pres5tly a ?ird h]o made 8 appe>ance 9 ! ar5a1 ) ,b[ie knife 9 h&1 & he cri$ out1 ,let me come at him6 ,^u he>+ ?is ?reat1 "o ( ! pugili/s 'took himself (f1' our h]o foll[+ at full spe$4 ,f9d+ 8 pursuit 0 va91 our h]o return$1 :5 an attack 0 comm5c$ ^u ano!r individual4 ,he 0 mo/ cruelly beat1 & cut ?r\gh ! skull ) a knife2 x is fe>$ ! w\nds w prove mortal4 ,! suff]]1 we le>n1 is an in(f5sive ,g]man4 ,f ! ,mississippian1 ,nov4 #i1 #ahch4 ,on ,tuesday ev5+ la/1 #bc;d1 an affray occurr$ at ! t[n ( ,tallahasse1 9 ?is c\nty1 betwe5 ,hugh ,ro>k & ,capta9 ,flack1 :i* result$ 9 ! dea? ( ,ro>k4 ,ro>k w5t to b$1 & ,flack1 :o 0 9 ! b>room bel[1 obs]v$ to "s p]sons !re1 t he believ$ !y _h set up ,ro>k to :ip him2 ,ro>k1 ^u he>+ 8 "n m5tion$1 got out ( b$ & came d[n/airs4 ,flack met & /abb$ him 9 ! l[] "p ( 8 abdom5 ) a knife1 lett+ out 8 b[els4 ,ro>k ran to ! door1 & receiv$ ano!r /ab 9 ! back4 ,he liv$ until ,?ursday night1 :5 he expir$ 9 great agony4 ,flack 0 tri$ be=e a ju/ice ( ! peace1 & we und]/& 0 only held to bail to appe> at c\rt 9 ! ev5t ,ro>k %\ld die4 ,f ! ,gr& ,gulf ,adv]tis] ,nov4 #g1 #ahch4 ,attempt at ,riot at ,nat*ez4--,! ,c\ri] says1 t 9 consequ5ce ( ! dis*>ge ( c]ta9 individuals :o _h be5 arraign$ = ! murd] ( a man nam$ ,m$ill1 a mob ( ab\t #bjj p]sons assembl$ on ! night ( ! #a/ in/ant1 ) ! av[$ purpose ( lyn*+ !m4 ,b =tunately1 ! objects ( _! v5geance _h escap$ f t[n4 ,foil$ 9 _! purpose1 ! riot]s repair$ to ! %antee :]e ! murd] 0 committ$1 & precipitat$ x ov] ! bluff4 ,! milit>y ( ! city 7 ord]$ out to keep ord]4 ,f ! ,nat*ez ,free ,trad]4 ,a viol5t attack 0 lately made on ,capta9 ,b>rett1 ( ! /eamboat ,s\!rn]1 by ?ree p]sons f ,wilk9son co41 ,miss41 ^: names are ,c>ey1 & "o ( ! "n ( ,j4,s4 ,t[les4 ,! only reason = ! outrage 01 t ,capta9 ,b4 _h ! assurance to require ( ! g5tlem51 :o 7 qu>rel+ on bo>d 8 boat1 to keep ord] = ! peace & com=t ( ! o!r pass5g]s4 ,t[les drew a ,b[ie knife ^u ! ,capta92 :i* ! latt] wre/$ f him4 ,a pi/ol1 drawn by "o ( ! ,c>eys 0 also tak51 & ! assailant 0 knock$ ov]bo>d4 ,=tunately = him he 0 rescu$ f dr[n+4 ,! brave b& !n l&$4 ,on h] return up ! riv]1 ! ,s\!rn] /opp$ at ,=t ,adams1 & on h] leav+ t place1 an arm$ p>ty1 among :om 7 ! ,c>eys & ,t[les1 fir$ into ! boat1 b happily ! %ot miss$ a cr[d ( pass5g]s on ! hurricane deck4 ,f ! ,mississippian1 ,dec4 #ah1 #ahch4 ,greet ,spikes1 a citiz5 ( ?is c\nty1 0 kill$ a few days ago1 betwe5 ?is place & ,raymond1 by a man nam$ ,pegram4 ,x seems t ,pegram & ,spikes _h be5 c>ry+ weapons = ea* o!r = "s "t pa/4 ,pegram _h ?reat5$ to take ,spikes' life on fir/ sight1 = ! base treatm5t he _h receiv$ at 8 h&s4 ,we h he>d some?+ ( ! p>ticul>s1 b n en\gh to give !m at ?is "t4 ,pegram _h n be5 se5 s9ce4 ,! ,lyn*burg ,virg9ian1 ,july #bc1 #afch1 says3 ,a fatal affray occurr$ a few days ago 9 ,cl9ton1 ,mississippi4 ,! actors 9 x 7 a ,mr4 ,p>ham1 ,mr4 ,%ackle=d1 & a ,mr4 ,h5ry4 ,%ackle=d 0 kill$ on ! spot1 & ,h5ry 0 slightly w\nd$ by a %ot gun ) :i* ,p>ham 0 arm$4 ,f ! ,columbus 7,ga47 ,s5t9el1 ,nov4 #bb1 #ahch4 ,but*]y4--,a ,b[ie knife slaught] took place a few days s9ce 9 ,honesville1 ,miss4 ,a ,mr4 ,hobbs 0 ! victim2 ,/ro!r ! but*]4 ,! ,vicksburg ,s5t9el1 ,sept4 #bh1 #ahcg1 says3 ,x is only a few weeks s9ce humanity 0 %ock$ by a mo/ atroci\s outrage1 inflict$ by ! ,lyn*]s1 on ! p]son ( a ,mr4 ,saund]son ( ,madison1 co4 9 ?is /ate4 ,!y dragg$ ?is respectable plant] f ! bosom ( 8 family1 & mutilat$ him 9 ! mo/ brutal mann]--maim+ him mo/ inhumanly1 besides cutt+ (f 8 nose & e>s & sc>ify+ 8 body to ! v ribs6 ,we believe ! subject ( ?is f\l outrage /ill drags out a mis]able exi/5ce--an object ( horror & ( pity4 ,la/ week a club ( ,lyn*]s1 am\nt+ to f\r or five individuals1 z we h be5 cr$ibly in=m$1 broke into ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,scott ( ,wilk9son co41 a respectable memb] ( ! b>1 =c$ him out1 & hung him dead on ! next tree4 ,we h he>d ( num]\s m9or outrages committ$ aga9/ ! peace ( society1 & ! welf>e & happ9ess ( ! c\ntry2 b we m5tion ^! z ! mo/ enorm\s t we h he>d = "s mon?s4 ,x n[ becomes our pa9ful duty1 to notice a mo/ disgraceful outrage committ$ by ! ,lyn*]s ( ,vicksburg1 on la/ ,sunday4 ,! victim 0 a ,mr4 ,grace1 =m]ly ( ! neighborhood ( ,w>r5ton1 ,va41 b = two ye>s a resid5t ( ?is city4 ,he 0 detect$ 9 giv+ free passes to slaves & br\ght to trial be=e ,squire ,maxey4 ,un=tunately = ! wret*1 ei!r ?r\gh ! want ( law or evid5ce1 he c\ld n be puni%$1 & he 0 set at lib]ty by ! magi/rate4 ,! city m>%al see+ t a few 9 ! cr[d 7 dispos$ to lay viol5t h&s on ! prison] 9 ! ev5t ( 8 escap+ puni%m5t by law1 resolv$ to accompany him to 8 h\se4 ,! ,lyn* mob /ill foll[$1 & ! m>%al f9d+ ! prison] c\ld only be protect$ by hurry+ him to jail1 endeavor$ to effect t object4 ,! ,lyn*]s1 h[ev]1 pursu$ ! (fic] ( ! law1 dragg$ him f 8 horse1 bruis$ him1 & convey$ ! prison] to ! mo/ conv5i5t po9t ( ! city = c>ry+ _! blood-?ir/y designs into execution4 ,we blu% :ile we record ! atroci\s de$2 9 ?is city1 conta9+ ne>ly #e1jjj s\ls1 9 ! broad light ( day1 ?is ag$ wret* 0 /ripp$ & flogg$1 we believe )9 he>+ ( ! lam5tations & ! %rieks ( 8 afflict$ wife & *ildr54 ,9 an affray at ,montgom]y1 ,mississippi1 ,july #a1 #ahch1 ,mr4 ,a4,l4 ,h]b]t 0 kill$ by ,dr4 ,j4,b4 ,h>r+ton4 ,see ,gr& ,gulf ,adv]tis]1 ,augu/ #a1 #ahch4 ,! ,m>yl& ,republican ( ,janu>y #cj1 #ahch1 has ! foll[+3 ,a /reet r5c\nt] lately took place 9 ,jackson1 ,miss41 betwe5 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,mc,donald & ,mr4 ,w4,h4 ,lockh>t1 9 :i* ,mc,donald 0 %ot ) a pi/ol & imm$iately expir$4 ,lockh>t 0 committ$ to prison4 ,! ,na%ville ,bann]1 ,june #bb1 #ahch1 has ! foll[+3 ,on ! #h? in/4 ,col4 ,james ,m4 ,hulet 0 %ot ) a rifle )\t any app>5t provocation 9 ,gallat91 ,miss41 by "o ,ri*>d ,m4 ,jones4 ,f ! ,huntsville ,democrat1 ,dec4 #h1 #ahch4 ,! ,ab]de5 7,miss47 ,advocate1 ( ,saturday la/1 /ates t on ! morn+ ( ! day previ\s1 7! #i?7 a dispute arose betwe5 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,smi? & ,mr4 ,alex&] ,eanes1 bo? ( ,ab]de51 :i* result$ 9 ! dea? ( ,mr4 ,smi?1 :o kept a bo>d+ h\se1 & 0 an amiable man & a good citiz54 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! contradictory words ( ! disputants1 ! lie 0 giv5 by ,eanes1 ^u :i* ,smi? ga!r$ up a piece ( iron & ?rew x at ,eanes1 b :i* miss$ him & lodg$ 9 ! walls ( ! h\se4 ,at ?is ,eanes drew a l>ge dirk knife1 & /abb$ ,smi? 9 ! abdom51 ! knife p5etrat+ ! vitals1 & ?us caus+ imm$iate dea?4 ,smi? brea!d only a few seconds aft] ! fatal ?ru/4 ,eanes imm$iately m\nt$ 8 horse & rode (f1 b 0 pursu$ by ,mr4 ,hanes1 :o arre/$ & took him back1 :5 he 0 put "u gu>d to await a trial be=e ! prop] au?orities4 ,f ! ,vicksburg ,regi/]1 ,nov4 #ag1 #ahch4 ,on ! #b;d in/4 an affray occurr$ betwe5 "o ,/eph5 ,sc>br\gh & ,a4,w4 ,higbee ( ,gr& ,gulf1 9 :i* ,sc>br\gh 0 /abb$ ) a knife1 :i* occasion$ 8 dea? 9 a few h\rs4 ,higbee has be5 arre/$ & committ$ = trial4 ,f ! ,huntsville 7,ala47 ,democrat ,nov4 #aj1 #ahch4 ,life 9 ! ,s\?we/4--,a fri5d 9 ,l\isiana writes1 "u date ( ! #ca/ ult41 t a fight took place a few days ago 9 ,madison p>i%1 #fj miles bel[ ,lake ,provid5ce1 betwe5 a ,mr4 ,nevils & a ,mr4 ,h>p]1 :i* t]m9at$ fatally4 ,! police jury _h ord]$ a road on ! "r bank ( ! ,mississippi1 & ! neighbor+ plant]s 7 out ) _! =ces to op5 x4 ,= "s (f5ce1 ,nevils1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! op]ations1 flogg$ two ( ,h>p]'s negroes4 ,! next day ! p>ties met on horseback1 :5 ,h>p] dism\nt$1 & proce$$ to c[sk9 ,nevils = ! *a/isem5t inflict$ on ! negroes4 ,nevils imm$iately drew a pi/ol & %ot 8 assailant dead on ! spot4 ,bo? 7 g5tlem5 ( ! highe/ respectability4 ,an affray also came (f rec5tly1 z ! same correspond5t writes u1 9 ,raymond1 ,h9ds co41 ,miss41 :i* = a s]i\s "o1 0 r amus+4 ,! %]iff _h a process to s]ve on a man ( ! "n ( ,bright1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( "s difficulty & intemp]ate language1 ?\ght prop] to comm5ce ! s]vice by ! application ( 8 c[sk9 to ! def5dant4 ,bright !reupon floor$ 8 adv]s>y1 &1 wre/+ 8 c[hide f him1 appli$ x to its own] to ! ext5t ( at lea/ five hundr$ la%es1 mean:ile ?reat5+ to %oot ! fir/ by/&] :o attempt$ to int]f]e4 ,! %]iff 0 c>ri$ home 9 a /ate ( ins5sibility1 & 8 life has be5 despair$ (4 ,! mayor ( ! place1 h[ev]1 issu$ 8 w>rant1 & />t$ ?ree ( ! %]iff's deputies 9 pursuit ( ! del9qu5t1 b ! latt]1 aft] keep+ !m at bay till !y f\nd x impossible to arre/ him1 surr5d]$ himself to ! magi/rate1 by :om he 0 b\nd ov] to ! next ,circuit ,c\rt4 ,f ! mayor's (fice1 8 honor & ! p>ties litigant proce$$ to ! tav]n to take a dr9k by way ( end+ ho/ilities4 ,b ! civil function>y refus$ to sign articles ( peace by t\*+ glasses ) ,bright1 :]eupon ! latt] made a furi\s assault ^u him1 & !n turn$ & flogg$ 'm9e ho/' )9 an in* ( 8 life because he int]f]$4 ,satisfi$ ) 8 day's "w1 ,bright retir$4 ,c we %[ any su* specim5s ( *ivalry & ref9em5t 9 ,k5tucky6 ,f ! ,gr& ,gulf 7,miss47 ,adv]tis]1 ,june #bg1 #ahcg4 ,,dea? ,,by ,,viol5ce4--,! moral atmosph]e 9 our /ate appe>s to be 9 a delet]i\s & sangu9>y condition4 ,almo/ e ex*ange pap] :i* rea*es u conta9s "s inhuman & revolt+ case ( murd] or dea? by viol5ce4 ,n less ?an fifte5 dea?s by viol5ce h occurr$1 to our c]ta9 k1 )9 ! pa/ ?ree mon?s4 ,su* a /ate ( ?+s1 9 a c\ntry pr(ess+ to be moral & *ri/ian1 is a disgrace to human nature & is well calculat$1 to induce ^? abroad unacqua9t$ ) our g5]al habits & feel+s1 to reg>d ! morals ( our p 9 no v enviable light2 & does m to injure & weak5 our political in/itutions ?an ye>s ( pecuni>y di/ress4 ,! frequ5cy ( su* ev5ts is a burn+ disgrace to ! morality1 civilization1 & ref9em5t ( feel+ to :i* we lay claim & s (t5 boa/ 9 comp>ison ) ! old] /ates4 ,& unless we set ab\t & put an imm$iate & effectual t]m9ation to su* revolt+ sc5es1 we %all be compell$ to "p ) :at all g5u9e s\!rn]s h ev] reg>d$ z _! ri*e/ inh]itance1 ! pr\d appellation ( ! 'brave1 high-m9d$ & *ivalr\s sons ( ! s\?4' ,?is done1 we %\ld soon discov] a *ange = ! bett]--peace & good ord] w\ld prevail1 & ! ends ( ju/ice be effectually & spe$ily atta9$1 & !n ! p ( ?is weal?y /ate w\ld be 9 a condition to bid defiance to ! disgraceful reproa*es :i* are n[ daily heap$ ^u !m by ! religi\s & moral ( o!r /ates4 ,! pres5t :ite population ( ,mississippi is b little m ?an half z great z t ( ,v]mont1 & yet m horrible crimes are p]petrat$ by !m ,,e ,,mon?1 ?an h ev] be5 p]petrat$ 9 ,v]mont s9ce x has be5 a /ate1 n[ ab\t half a c5tury4 ,:oev] d\bts x1 let him get data & make 8 e/imate1 & he w f9d t ?is is no r&om guess4 ,,l\isiana4 ,l\isiana became "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahaa4 ,its pres5t :ite population is ab\t "o hundr$ & fifte5 ?\s&4 ,! extracts :i* foll[ furni% ano!r illu/ration ( ! horrors produc$ by passions bl[n up to fury 9 ! furnace ( arbitr>y p[]4 ,we h j be5 look+ ov] a brok5 file ( ,l\isiana pap]s1 includ+ ! la/ six mon?s ( #ahcg1 & ! :ole ( #ahch1 & f9d ourselves oblig$ to ab&on our design ( publi%+ ev5 an ab/ract ( ! scores & hundr$s ( affrays1 murd]s1 assass9ations1 duels1 lyn*+s1 assaults1 c4 :i* took place 9 t /ate dur+ t p]iod4 ,^? :i* h tak5 place 9 ,new ,orleans alone1 dur+ ! la/ eighte5 mon?s1 w\ld1 9 detail1 fill a volume4 ,in/ead ( ins]t+ ! details ( ! pr9cipal atrocities 9 ,l\isiana1 z 9 ! /ates already notic$1 we w furni% ! read] ) ! te/imony ( v>i\s editors ( newspap]s1 & o!rs1 resid5ts ( ! /ate1 :i* w p]haps z truly set =? ! actual /ate ( society !re1 z c\ld be done by a publication ( ! outrages !mselves4 ,f ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ( ,may #bc1 #ahch4 ,contempt ( human life4--,9 view ( ! crimes :i* are daily committ$1 we are l$ to inquire :e!r x is ow+ to ! ineffici5cy ( our laws1 or to ! mann] 9 :i* ^? laws are adm9i/]$1 t ?is frightful deluge ( human blood f[l ?r\gh our /reets & our places ( public resort4 ,:i!r w su* contempt = ! life ( man lead u8 ,! unheal?9ess ( ! climate m[s d[n annually a "p ( our population2 ! murd]\s /eel despat*es its proportion2 & if crime increases z x has1 ! latt] w soon become ! mo/ p[]ful ag5t 9 de/roy+ life4 ,we _c b d\bt ! p]fection ( our crim9al code1 :5 we see t almo/ e crim9al eludes ! law1 ei!r by boldly av[+ ! crime1 or by ! t>d9ess ) :i* legal prosecutions are c>ri$ on1 or1 la/ly1 by ! conv5i5t application ( bail 9 crim9al cases4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,picayune ( ,july #cj1 #ahcg1 says3 ,x is ) ! mo/ pa9ful feel+s t we daily he> ( "s fatal duel4 ,ye/]day we 7 told ( ! unhappy end ( "o ( our mo/ influ5tial & highly respectable m]*ants1 :o fell ye/]day morn+ at sunrise 9 a duel4 ,z usual1 ! circum/ances :i* l$ to ! meet+ 7 trivial4 ,! ,new ,orleans correspond5t ( ! ,new ,york ,express1 9 8 lett] dat$ ,new ,orleans1 ,july #cj1 #ahcg1 says3 ,,?irte5 ,,duels h be5 f\ght 9 & ne> ! city dur+ ! week2 five m 7 to take place ?is morn+4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,m]*ant ( ,m>* #bj1 #ahch1 says3 ,murd] has be5 rife )9 ! two or ?ree weeks la/ pa/2 & :at is worse1 ! au?orities ( ^? places :]e !y occur are p]fectly reg>dless ( ! fact4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,bee ( ,septemb] #h1 #ahch1 says3 ,n two mon?s s9ce1 ! mis]able ,,b>ba became a victim to "o ( ! mo/ cold-blood$ s*emes ( assass9ation t ev] disgrac$ a civiliz$ community4 ,la/ ,sunday ev5+ an individual1 ,gonzales by "n1 0 se5 9 p]fect heal?1 9 conv]sation ) 8 fri5ds4 ,on ,monday morn+ 8 dead body 0 )drawn f ! ,mississippi1 ne> ! f]ry ( ! fir/ municipality1 9 a /ate ( t]rible mutilation4 ,to cap ! climax ( horror1 on ,friday morn+1 ab\t half pa/ six o'clock1 ! coron] 0 call$ to hold an inque/ ov] ! body ( an individual1 betwe5 ,magaz9e & ,t*\pit\las /reets4 ,! head 0 entirely sev]$ f ! body2 ! l[] extremities _h likewise suff]$ amputation2 ! "r foot 0 completely dismemb]$ f ! leg1 & ! left knee ne>ly sev]$ f ! ?igh4 ,sev]al /abs1 w\nds & bruises1 7 discov]$ on v>i\s p>ts ( ! body1 :i* ( !mselves 7 suffici5t to produce dea?4 ,! ,georget[n 7,s\? ,c>ol9a7 ,union ( ,may #bj1 #ahcg1 has ! foll[+ extract f a ,new ,orleans pap]4 ,a %ort "t s9ce1 two m5 %ot "o ano!r d[n 9 "o ( our b> rooms1 "o ( :om di$ in/antly4 ,a day or two aft]1 "o or two infants 7 f\nd murd]$1 !re 0 e reason to believe1 by _! own mo!rs4 ,la/ week we _h to *ronicle a brutal & bloody murd]1 committ$ 9 ! he>t ( our city3 ! v next day a murd]-trial 0 comm5c$ 9 our crim9al c\rt3 ! day ensu+ ?is1 we publi%$ ! p>ticul>s ( ,h>t's murd]4 ,! day aft] t1 ,tibbetts 0 hung = attempt+ to commit a murd]2 ! next day aga9 we _h to publi% a murd] committ$ by two ,spani>ds at ! ,lake--?is 0 on ,friday la/4 ,on ,sunday we publi%$ ! acc\nt ( ano!r murd] committ$ by ! ,italian1 ,gregorio4 ,on ,monday1 ano!r murd] 0 committ$1 & ! murd]] lodg$ 9 jail4 ,on ,tuesday morn+ ano!r man 0 /abb$ & robb$1 & is n likely to recov]1 b ! assass9 escap$4 ,! same day ,reynolds1 :o kill$ ,b>re1 %ot himself 9 prison4 ,on ,w$nesday1 ano!r p]son1 ,mr4 ,nicolet1 blew out 8 bra9s4 ,ye/]day1 ! un=tunate ,george ,clem5t de/roy$ himself 9 8 cell2 & 9 addition to ?is dreadful catalogue we h to add t ( ! dea? ( two1 bro!rs1 :o de/roy$ !mselves ?r\gh grief at ! dea? ( _! "m2 & truly may we say t 'we "k n :at to-morr[ w br+ =?4' ,! ,l\isiana ,adv]tis]1 z quot$ by ! ,salt ,riv] 7,mo47 ,j\rnal ( ,may #be1 #ahcg1 says3 ,)9 ! la/ t5 or twelve days1 ?ree suicides1 f\r murd]s1 & two executions1 h occurr$ 9 ! city6 ,! ,new ,orleans ,bee ( ,octob] #be1 #ahcg1 says3 ,we rem>k ) regret ! frightful li/ ( homicides t are daily committ$ 9 ,new ,orleans4 ,! ,plant]'s ,bann] ( ,septemb] #cj4 #ahch1 publi%$ at ,frankl91 ,l\isiana1 aft] giv+ an acc\nt ( an affray betwe5 a numb] ( plant]s1 9 :i* ?ree 7 kill$ & a f\r? mortally w\nd$1 says t ,davis 7"o ( ! murd]]s7 0 arre/$ by ! by-/&]s1 b a ju/ice ( ! peace came up & told !m1 he did n ?9k x "r to keep a man 'ti$ 9 t mann]1' & '?\ght x be/ to turn him loose4' ,x 0 accord+ly s done4 ,?is occurr$ 9 ! p>i% ( ,h>risonburg4 ,! ,bann] closes ! acc\nt by say+3 ,our in=mant /ates t five :ite m5 & "o negro h be5 murd]$ 9 ! p>i% ( ,madison1 dur+ ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/4 ,?is ju/ice ( ! peace1 :o bade ! by-/&]s unloose ! murd]]1 m5tion$ above1 has pl5ty ( birds ( 8 own fea!r among ! law (fic]s ( ,l\isiana4 ,two ( ! lead+ (fic]s 9 ! ,new ,orleans police took two witnesses1 :ile und]go+ legal exam9ation at ,cov+ton1 ne> ,new ,orleans1 c>ri$ !m to a bye-place1 & lyn*$ !m1 dur+ :i* inquisitorial op]ation1 !y divulg$ e ?+ to ! (fic]s1 ,messrs4 ,foyle & ,crossman4 ,! prec$+ fact is publi%$ 9 ! ,m>yl& ,republican ( ,augu/ #bb1 #ahcg4 ,judge ,canonge ( ,new ,orleans1 9 8 address at ! op5+ ( ! crim9al c\rt1 ,nov4 #d1 #ahcg1 publi%$ 9 ! ,bee ( ,nov4 #h1 9 rem>k+ ^u ! preval5ce ( out-break+ crimes1 says3 ,is x possible 9 a civiliz$ c\ntry su* cry+ abuses are con/antly enc\nt]$8 ,h[ _m individuals h giv5 !mselves up to su* culpable habits6 ,yet we f9d magi/rates & juries hesitat+ to expose crimes ( ! blacke/ dye to et]nal contempt & infamy1 to ! v5geance ( ! law4 ,z a ,l\isianian p>5t1 ,i reflect ) t]ror t our belov$ *ildr51 re>$ to become "o day honorable & useful citiz5s1 may be ! victims ( ^! vot>ies ( vice & lic5ti\sness4 ,)\t "s p[]ful & c]ta9 rem$y1 our /reets w become but*]ies ov]fl[+ ) ! blood ( our citiz5s4 ,! ,editor ( ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 9 8 pap] ( ,oct4 #ba1 #ahcg1 has a long editorial article1 9 :i* he argues = ! virtual legaliz+ ( ,,lyn* ,,law1 z foll[s3 ,we ?9k !n t 9 ! circum/ances 9 :i* we are plac$1 ! ,legislature ought to sanction su* measures z ! situation ( ! c\ntry r5d] necess>y1 by giv+ to ju/ice a conv5i5t latitude4 ,!re are occasions :5 ! delays insep>able f ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice w\ld be inimical to ! public safety1 & :5 ! mo/ fatal consequ5ces w\ld be ! result4 ,x appe>s to u1 t !re is an urg5t necessity to provide aga9/ ! inconv5i5ces :i* result f popul> judgm5t1 & to *eck ! disposition = ! spe$y execution ( ju/ice result+ f ! uncon/itutional pr9ciple ( a pret5d$ ,lyn* law1 by au?oriz+ ! p>i% c\rt to take cognizance )\t delay1 aga9/ e free man :o %all be convict$ ( a crime2 f ! accusations aris+ f ! m]e provocations to ! insurrection ( ! work+ classes4 ,all judicial s5t5ces ought to be bas$ ^u law1 & ! t]rible privilege :i* ! populace n[ h ( puni%+ ) dea? c]ta9 crimes1 ought to be consecrat$ by law1 p[]ful int]e/s w\ld n suffice 9 our view to excuse ! int]ruption ( social ord]1 if ! public safety 0 n ) u ! supreme law4 ,?is is ! reason t :il/ we deplore ! imp]i\s necessity :i* exi/s1 we entreat ! legislative p[] to give ! sanction ( pr9ciple to :at already exi/s 9 fact4 ,! ,editor ( ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 9 8 pap]1 ,oct #be1 #ahcg1 says3 ,we rem>k ) regret ! frightful li/ ( homicides1 :e!r ju/ifiable or n1 t are daily committ$ 9 ,new ,orleans4 ,x is n ?r\gh any inh]5t vice ( legal provision t su* outrages are p]petrat$ ) impunity3 x is r 9 ! neglect ( ! application ( ! law :i* exi/s on ?is subject4 ,we w conf9e our obs]vation to ! dang]\s facilities af=d$ by ?is code = ! escape ( ! homicide4 ,we are well aw>e t ! laws 9 "q are int5d$ = ! di/ribution ( equal ju/ice1 yet we h too (t5 witness$ ! acquittal ( del9qu5ts :om we c d5om9ate by no o!r title ?an t ( homicides1 :ile ! simple affirmation ( o!rs has be5 admitt$ 79 default ( te/imony7 :o are !mselves ! au?ors ( ! de$1 = :i* !y /& 9 judgm5t4 ,! indiscrim9ate sy/em ( accept+ bail is a blot on our crim9al legislation1 & is "o great reason :y s _m violators ( ! law avoid its p5alties4 ,to ?is d\btless mu/ be ascrib$ ! non-int]f]5ce ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al4 ,! law ( habeas corpus be+ subject$ to ! int]pretation ( e magi/rate1 :e!r v]s$ or n 9 crim9al cases1 a degree ( arbitr>y & incorrect explanation necess>ily results4 ,h[ frequ5tly does x happ5 t ! ,mayor or ,record] decides ^u ! grave/ case )\t putt+ himself to ! smalle/ tr\ble to in=m ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 :o sometimes only he>s ( ! affair :5 inve/igation is no long] possible1 or :5 ! crim9al has wisely commut$ 8 puni%m5t into tempor>y or p]petual exile4 ,t morality suff]s by su* practices1 is beyond a d\bt2 yet mod]ation & m]cy are s beautiful 9 !mselves1 t we w\ld sc>cely prote/ aga9/ indulg5ce1 7 x n well kn[n t ! acceptance ( bail is ! safegu>d ( e del9qu5t :o1 ?r\gh weal? or connections1 possesses influ5ce en\gh to obta9 x4 ,"h arbitr>y con/ruction glides amid/ ! confusion ( te/imony2 !re x presumes ^u ! want ( evid5ce1 & f "o cause or ano!r x is extremely r>e1 t a refusal to bail has deliv]$ ! accus$ into ! h&s ( ju/ice4 ,9 crim9al cases1 ! ,c\rt & ,jury are ! prop] tribunals to decide ^u ! reality ( ! crime1 & ! palliat+ circum/ances2 yet x is n unfrequ5t = ! public voice to condemn z an odi\s assass91 ! v individual :o by ! acquittal ( ! judge1 walks at l>ge & sc(fs at ju/ice4 ,x is "t to re/rict )9 its prop] limits ?is pret5d$ "r ( p]sonal protection2 x is "t to tea* our population to ab/a9 f mutual murd] ^u slight provocation4--,duell+1 ,heav5 kn[s1 is dreadful en\gh1 & q a suffici5t means ( gratify+ private av]sion1 & av5g+ insult4 ,frequ5t & s]i\s brawls 9 our cafes1 /reets & h\ses1 e :]e atte/ ! insuffici5cy or misapplication ( our legal code1 or ! want ( en]gy 9 its organs4 ,to say t unb\nd$ lic5se is ! insult ( lib]ty is folly4 ,lib]ty is ! consequ5ce ( well regulat$ laws--)\t ^!1 ,fre$om c exi/ only 9 "n1 & ! law :i* favors ! escape ( ! opul5t & ari/ocratic f ! p5alties ( retribution1 b consigns ! poor & fri5dless to ! *a9-gang or ! gall[s1 is 9 fact ! v ess5ce ( slav]y66 ,! editor ( ! same pap] says 7,nov4 #d1 #ahcg47 ,p]haps by an equitable1 b /rict application ( t law1 7! law :i* =bids ! we>+ ( deadly weapons conceal$17 ! effusion ( human blood might be /opt :i* n[ defiles our /reets & our c(fee-h\ses z if !y 7 %ambles6 ,reckless disreg>d ( ! life ( man is rapidly ga9+ gr\nd among u1 & ! habit ( see+ a man :om x is tak5 = grant$ 0 arm$1 murd]$ m]ely = a ge/ure1 may influ5ce ! op9ion ( a jury compos$ ( citiz5s1 :om1 ,,long ,,impunity ,,to ,,homicides ,,( ,,e ,,k9d has p]suad$1 t ! "r ( self-def5ce ext5ds ev5 to ! tak+ ( life = ge/ures1 m or less ?reat5+4 ,s _m ,,daily in/ances ( outbreak+ passion :i* h ?r[n :ole families into ! deepe/ affliction1 tea* u a t]rible lesson4 ,f ! ,columbus 7,ga47 ,s5t9el1 ,july #f1 #ahcg4 ,:olesale ,murd]s4--,no less ?an ?ree murd]s 7 committ$ 9 ,new ,orleans on ,monday ev5+ la/4 ,! fir/ 0 t ( a man 9 ,poydras1 ne> ! corn] ( ,tehapit\las4 ,! murd]$ individual _h be5 suspect$ ( a liason ) ano!r man's wife 9 ! neighb\rhood1 0 caught 9 ! act1 foll[$ to ! above corn] & %ot4 ,! second 0 t ( a man 9 ,p]dido /reet4 ,circum/ances n kn[n4 ,! ?ird 0 t ( a wat*man1 on ! corn] ( ,cu/om ,h\se & ,burgundy /reet1 :o 0 f\nd dead ye/]day morn+1 %ot ?r\gh ! he>t4 ,! de$ 0 evid5tly committ$ on ! opposite side f :]e he 0 f\nd1 z ! un=tunate man 0 track$ by 8 blood across ! /reet4 ,9 addition to be+ %ot ?r\gh ! he>t1 two w\nds 9 8 brea/1 suppos$ to h be5 done ) a ,b[ie knife1 7 discov]$4 ,no arre/s h be5 made to our k4 ,! editor ( ! ,*>le/on1 7,s4,c47 ,m]cury ( ,april1 #ahcg1 snakes ! foll[+ rem>ks4 ,! en]gy ( a ,tacon is mu* ne$$ to vivify ! police ( ,new ,orleans4 ,9 a s+le pap] we f9d an acc\nt ( ! execution ( "o man = robb]y & int5t to kill1 ( ! arre/ ( ano!r = /abb+ a man to dea? ) a c>v+ knife2 & ( a ?ird f\nd murd]$ on ! ,levee on ! previ\s ,sunday morn+4 ,9 ! la/ case1 al?\gh ! murd]] 0 kn[n1 no /eps _h be5 tak5 = 8 arre/2 & to cr[n ! :ole1 x is actually /at$ 9 s _m words1 t ! ,city gu>ds are n p]mitt$1 accord+ to _! in/ructions1 to patrol ! ,levee aft] night1 = fe> ( attacks f p]sons employ$ 9 /eamboats6 ,! pres5t :ite population ( ,l\isiana is b little m ?an t ( ,rhode ,isl&1 yet m appall+ crime is committ$ 9 ,l\isiana e day1 ?an 9 ,rhode ,isl& dur+ a ye>1 not)/&+ ! tone ( public morals is probably l[] 9 ! latt] ?an 9 any o!r ,new ,engl& /ate4 ,,t5nessee4 ,t5nessee became "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #agif4 ,its pres5t :ite population is ab\t sev5 hundr$ ?\s&4 ,! details :i* foll[1 g to confirm ! old tru?1 t ! ex]cise ( arbitr>y p[] t5ds to make m5 mon/]s4 ,! foll[+1 f ! ,memphis 7,t5nessee7 ,enquir]1 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,virg9ia ,advocate1 ,jan4 #bf1 #ahch4 ,bel[ w be f\nd a detail$ acc\nt ( "o ( ! mo/ unnatural & aggravat$ murd]s ev] record$4 ,col4 ,w>d1 ! deceas$1 0 a man ( high /&+ 9 ! /ate1 & v mu* e/eem$ by 8 neighbors1 & by all :o knew him4 ,! bro!rs conc]n$ 9 ?is 'murd]1 mo/ f\l & unnatural1' 7 ,lafayette1 ,*amb]layne1 ,caes>1 & ,a*illes ,jones1 7! nephews ( ,col4 ,w>d47 ,! f\r bro!rs1 all arm$1 w5t to ! resid5ce ( ,mr4 ,a4,g4 ,w>d1 9 ,%elby co41 on ! ev5+ ( #bb;d in/ant4 ,!y 7 conduct$ into ! room 9 :i* ,col4 ,w>d 0 sitt+1 toge!r ) "s two or ?ree ladies1 8 int5d$ wife among/ ! numb]4 ,^u _! ent]+ ! room1 ,col4 ,w>d rose1 & ext5d$ 8 h& to ,lafayette4 ,he refus$1 say+ he w\ld %ake h&s ) no su* d----d rascal4 ,! re/ answ]$ 9 ! same tone4 ,col4 ,w>d rem>k$ t !y 7 n 9 a prop] place = a difficulty1 if !y s\ght "o4 ,col4 ,w>d w5t f ! room to ! passage1 & 0 foll[$ by ! bro!rs4 ,he said he 0 un>m$1 b if !y w\ld lay d[n _! arms1 he c\ld :ip ! :ole ( !m2 or if !y w\ld place him on an equal foot+1 he c\ld :ip ! :ole ( !m "o by "o4 ,caes> told ,*amb]layne to give ! ,col4 "o ( 8 pi/ols1 :i* he did1 & bo? w5t out into ! y>d1 ! o!r bro!rs foll[+4 ,:ile /&+ a few paces f ea* o!r1 ,lafayette came up1 & rem>k$ to ! ,col41 ',if y spill my bro!r's blood1 ,i w spill y\rs1' ab\t :i* "t ,*amb]layne's pi/ol fir$1 & imm$iately ,lafayette bur/$ a cap at him4 ,! ,colonel turn$ to ,lafayette1 & said1 ',lafayette1 y int5d to kill1' & dis*>g$ 8 pi/ol at him4 ,! ball /ruck ! pi/ol ( ,lafayette1 & glanc$ into 8 arm4 ,by ?is "t ,alb]t ,w>d1 be+ close by1 & he>+ ! fuss1 came up to ! assi/ance ( ! ,colonel1 :5 a scuffle among/ all h&s ensu$4 ,! ,colonel /umbl$ & fell d[n--he receiv$ sev]al w\nds f a l>ge b[ie knife2 &1 aft] be+ /abb$1 ,*amb]layne jump$ ^u him1 & /amp$ him sev]al times4 ,aft] ! scuffle1 ,caes> ,jones 0 se5 to put up a l>ge b[ie knife4 ,colonel ,w>d said he 0 a dead man4 ,by ! assi/ance ( ,alb]t ,w>d1 he rea*$ ! h\se1 di/ance ab\t #ae or #bj y>ds1 & 9 a few m9utes expir$4 ,on exam9ation by ! ,coron]1 x appe>$ t he _h receiv$ sev]al w\nds f pi/ols & knives4 ,alb]t ,w>d 0 also badly bruis$1 n dang]\sly4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,sept4 #bb1 #ahch1 publi%$ ! foll[+ f ! ,na%ville 7,t5nessee7 ,:ig4 ,! ,na%ville ,:ig1 ( ! #aa? ult41 says3 ,pleasant ,watson1 ( ,de ,kalb c\nty1 & a ,mr4 ,c>mi*ael1 ( ,alabama1 7 ! pr9cipals 9 an affray at ,liv+/on1 ,ov]ton c\nty1 la/ week1 :i* t]m9at$ 9 ! dea? ( ! =m]4 ,watson made ! assault ) a dirk1 & ,c>mi*ael def5d$ himself ) a pi/ol1 %oot+ 8 antagoni/ ?r\gh ! body1 a few in*es bel[ ! he>t4 ,watson 0 liv+ at ! la/ acc\nt4 ,! dispute grew out ( a horse race4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,c\ri]1 ,april #g1 #ahcg1 has ! foll[+ extract f ! ,mc,minersville 7,t5nessee7 ,gazette4 ,on ,saturday1 ! #h? in/ant1 ,colonel ,david ,l4 ,mit*ell1 ! wor?y %]iff ( ,:ite c\nty1 0 mo/ b>b>\sly murd]$ by a man nam$ ,joseph ,little4 ,colonel ,mit*ell _h a civil process aga9/ ,little4 ,he w5t to ,little's h\se = ! purpose ( arre/+ him4 ,he f\nd ,little arm$ ) a rifle1 pi/ols1 c4 ,he comm5c$ a conv]sation ) ,little ^u ! impropriety ( 8 resi/+1 & /at$ 8 det]m9ation to take him1 at ! same "t sl[ly advanc+ ^u ,little1 :o dis*>g$ 8 rifle at him )\t effect4 ,mit*ell !n attempt$ to jump 91 to take hold ( him :5 ,little /ruck him ov] ! head ) ! b>rel ( 8 rifle1 & lit]ally ma%$ 8 skull to pieces2 &1 z he lay pro/rate on ! e>?1 ,little delib]ately pull$ a l>ge pi/ol f 8 belt1 & plac+ ! muzzle close to ,mit*ell's head1 he %ot ! ball ?r\gh x4 ,little has made 8 escape4 ,!re 7 ?ree m5 ne> by :5 ! murd] 0 committ$1 :o made no attempt to arre/ ! murd]]4 ,! foll[+ affray at ,a!ns1 ,t5nessee1 f ! ,mississippian1 ,augu/ #aj1 #ahch4 ,an unpleasant occurr5ce transpir$ at ,a!ns on ,monday4 ,capta9 ,james ,byrnes 0 /abb$ f\r times1 twice 9 ! arm1 & twice 9 ! side by ,a4,r4 ,liv+/on4 ,! w\nds are said to be v sev]e1 & fe>s are ent]ta9$ ( _! prov+ mortal4 ,! affair und]w5t an exam9ation be=e ,sylve/] ,ni*ols1 ,esq41 by :om ,liv+/on 0 let to bail4 ,! ,we/ ,t5nessean1 ,aug4 #d1 #ahcg1 says-- ,a duel 0 f\ght at ,calh\n1 ,t5n41 betwe5 ,g4,w4 ,c>t] & ,j4,c4 ,%]ley4 ,!y us$ yaug]s at ! di/ance ( #bj y>ds4 ,! =m] 0 slightly w\nd$1 & ! latt] q dang]\sly4 ,june #bc;d1 #ahch1 ,b5jam9 ,%ipley1 ( ,hamilton co41 ,t5nessee1 %ot ,ar*ibald ,mc,callie4 7,na%ville ,bann]1 ,july #af1 #ahch47 ,june #bc;d1 #ahch1 ,levi ,/un/on1 ( ,weakly co41 ,t5nessee1 kill$ ,william ,price1 ( said c\nty1 9 an affray4 7,na%ville ,bann]1 ,july #f1 #ahch47 ,octob] #h1 #ahch1 9 an affray at ,wolf's ,f]ry1 ,t5nessee1 ,m>t9 ,f>ley1 ,s5ior1 0 kill$ by ,john & ,solomon ,/ep4 7,georgia ,telegraph1 ,nov #f1 #ahch447 ,feb4 #ad1 #ahch1 ,john ,manie 0 kill$ by ,william ,doss at ,decatur1 ,t5nessee4 7,memphis ,gazette1 ,may #ae1 #ahch47 ,f ! ,na%ville ,:ig4 ,fatal ,affray 9 ,columbia1 ,t5n4--,a fatal /reet enc\nt] occurr$ at t place1 on ! #c;d in/41 betwe5 ,ri*>d ,h4 ,hays1 attorney at law1 & ,wm4 ,polk1 bro!r to ! ,hon4 ,jas4 ,k4 ,polk4 ,! p>ties met1 arm$ ) pi/ols1 & ex*ang$ %ots simultane\sly4 ,a buck-%ot pi]c$ ! bra9 ( ,hays1 & he di$ e>ly ! next morn+4 ,! qu>rel grew out ( a sportive rem>k ( ,hays'1 at d9n]1 at ! ,columbia ,inn1 = :i* he (f]$ an apology1 n accept$1 x seems1 z ,polk w5t to ,hays' (fice1 ! same ev5+1 & *a/is$ him ) a :ip4 ,?is occurr$ on ,friday1 ! fatal result took place on ,monday4 ,9 a fight ne> ,memphis1 ,t5nessee1 ,may #ae1 #ahcg1 ,mr4 ,jackson1 ( t place1 %ot ?r\gh ! he>t ,mr4 ,w4,f4 ,gholson1 son ( ! late ,mr4 ,gholson1 ( ,virg9ia4 7,raleigh ,regi/]1 ,june #ac1 #ahcg47 ,! foll[+ horrible outrage1 committ$ 9 ,we/ ,t5nessee1 n f> f ,r&olph1 0 publi%$ by ! ,georget[n 7,s4,c47 ,union1 ,may #bf1 #ahcg1 f ! ,l\isville ,j\rnal4 ,a feeble bodi$ man settl$ a few ye>s ago on ! ,mississippi1 a %ort di/ance bel[ ,r&olph1 on ! ,t5nessee side4 ,he succe$$ 9 amass+ prop]ty to ! value ( ab\t #ad1jjj1 &1 l mo/ ( ! settl]s1 made a bus9ess ( sell+ wood to ! boats4 ,?is he sold at #b4ej a cord1 :ile 8 neighbors ask$ #c4 ,"o ( !m came to remon/rate aga9/ 8 und]sell+1 & _h a fight ) 8 bro!r-9-law ,cl>k1 9 :i* he 0 beat54 ,he !n w5t & obta9$ legal process aga9/ ,cl>k1 & return$ ) a deputy %]iff1 att5d$ by a posse ( desp]ate villa9s4 ,:5 !y arriv$ at ,cl>k's h\se1 he 0 seat$ among 8 *ildr5--!y put two or ?ree balls ?r\gh 8 body4 ,cl>k ran1 0 ov]tak5 & knock$ d[n2 9 ! mid/ ( 8 cries = m]cy1 "o ( ! villa9s fir$ a pi/ol 9 8 m\?1 kill+ him in/antly4 ,!y !n requir$ ! settl] to sell 8 prop]ty to !m1 & leave ! c\ntry4 ,he1 fe>+ t !y w\ld o!rwise take 8 life1 sold !m 8 valuable prop]ty = #cjj1 & dep>t$ ) 8 family4 ,! %]iff 0 "o ( ! pur*as]s4 ,! ,baltimore ,am]ican1 ,feb4 #h1 #ahch1 publi%es ! foll[+ f ! ,na%ville 7,t5nessee7 ,bann]3 ,a mo/ atroci\s murd] 0 committ$ a few days ago at ,lagrange1 9 ?is /ate1 on ! body ( ,mr4 ,john ,t4 ,fo/]1 a respectable m]*ant ( t t[n4 ,! p]petrators ( ?is bloody act are ,e4 ,moody1 ,?omas ,moody1 ,j4,e4 ,d\glass1 ,w4,r4 ,h>ris1 & ,w4,c4 ,h>ris4 ,! circum/ances att5d+ ?is horrible affair1 are ! foll[+3--,on ! night previ\s to ! murd]1 a gang ( villa9s1 "u pret5ce ( wi%+ to pur*ase goods1 ent]$ ,mr4 ,fo/]'s /ore1 took him by =ce1 & rode him ?r\gh ! /reets on a rail4 ,! next morn+1 ,mr4 ,f4 met "o ( ! p>ty1 & gave him a can+4 ,= ?is j retaliation = ! outrage :i* _h be5 committ$ on 8 p]son1 he 0 pursu$ by ! p]sons alone nam$1 :ile tak+ a walk ) a fri5d1 & murd]$ 9 ! op5 face ( day4 ,! foll[+ pres5tm5t ( a ,t5nessee ,gr& ,jury1 suffici5tly expla9s & comm5ts on itself3 ,! ,gr& ,jurors empanell$ to inquire = ! c\nty ( ,%elby1 w\ld sep>ate )\t hav+ dis*>g$ _! duties1 if !y 7 to omit to notice public evils :i* !y h f\nd _! p[]s inadequate to put 9 tra9 = puni%m5t4 ,! evils ref]r$ to exi/ m p>ticul>ly 9 ! t[n ( ,memphis4 ,! audacity & frequ5cy ) :i* outrages are committ$1 =bid u1 9 ju/ice to our consci5ces1 to omit to use ! p[]s we possess1 to br+ !m to ! sev]e action ( ! law2 & :5 we f9d our p[]s inadequate1 to draw ^u !m public att5tion1 & ! rebuke ( ! good4 ,an infam\s female publicly & grossly assaults a lady2 !re=e a public meet+ is call$1 ! mayor ( ! t[n is plac$ 9 ! *air1 resolutions are adopt$1 provid+ = ! summ>y & lawless puni%m5t ( ! wret*$ woman4 ,9 ! progress ( ! affair1 hundr$s ( citiz5s assemble at h] h\se1 & raze x to ! gr\nd4 ,! un=tunate creature1 toge!r ) two or ?ree m5 ( l "*1 are committ$1 9 an op5 canoe or boat1 )\t o> or paddle1 to ! middle ( ! ,mississippi riv]4 ,su* is a concise outl9e ( ! lead+ incid5ts ( a rec5t transaction 9 ,memphis4 ,x might be fill$ up by ! detail ( individual exploits1 :i* w\ld give vivacity to ! description2 b we =be> to m5tion !m4 ,we leave x to o!rs to admire ! manl9ess ( ! transaction1 & ! c\rage display$ by a mob ( hundr$s1 9 ! v>i\s outrages ^u ! p]sons & prop]ty ( ?ree or f\r individuals :o fell "u its v5geance4 ,! pres5t :ite population ( ,t5nessee is ab\t ! same ) t ( ,massa*usetts1 & yet m outbreak+ crimes are committ$ 9 ,t5nessee 9 a s+le mon?1 ?an 9 ,massa*usetts dur+ a :ole ye>2 & ?is1 too1 not)/&+ ! l>ge/ t[n 9 ,t5nessee has b six ?\s& inhabitants2 :]eas1 9 ,massa*usetts1 besides "o ( eighty ?\s&1 & two o!rs ( ne>ly tw5ty ?\s& ea*1 !re are at lea/ a doz5 l>g] ?an ! *ief t[n 9 ,t5nessee1 :i* gives to ! latt] /ate an important advantage on ! score ( morality1 ! c\ntry be+ s mu* m favorable to x ?an l>ge t[ns4 ,,k5tucky4 ,k5tucky has be5 "o ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates s9ce #agib4 ,its pres5t :ite population is ab\t six hundr$ ?\s&4 ,! details :i* foll[ %[ /ill fur!r t ^? :o unite to plund] ( _! rights "o class ( human be+s1 reg>d z sacr$ ! rights ( no class4 ,! foll[+ affair at ,maysville1 ,k5tucky1 is extract$ f ! ,m>yl& ,republican1 ,janu>y #cj1 #ahch4 ,a fight came on at ,maysville1 ,ky4 on ! #bi? ultimo1 9 :i* a ,mr4 ,c\l/] 0 /abb$ 9 ! side & is dead2 a ,mr4 ,gibson 0 well hack$ ) a knife2 a ,mr4 ,f]ris 0 dang]\sly w\nd$ 9 ! head1 & ano!r ( ! same "n 9 ! hip2 a ,mr4 ,%oemak] 0 sev]ely beat51 & sev]al o!rs s]i\sly hurt 9 v>i\s ways4 ,! foll[+ is extract$ f ! ,n4,c4 ,/&>d4 ,a mo/ bloody & %ock+ transaction took place 9 ! little t[n ( ,cl9ton1 ,hickman co4 ,k54 ,! circum/ances are briefly z foll[s3 ,a special canvass = a repres5tative f ! c\nty ( ,hickman1 _h = "s "t be5 9 progress4 ,a g5tleman by ! "n ( ,b9=d 0 a c&idate4 ,! ,/ate ,s5ator f ! di/rict1 ,judge ,james1 took "s exceptions to ! reputation ( ,b9=d1 & intimat$ t if ,b4 %\ld be elect$1 he 7,james7 w\ld resign r ?an s]ve ) su* a colleague4 ,he>+ ?is1 ,b9=d w5t to ! h\se ( ,james to dem& an explanation4 ,mrs4 ,james rem>k$1 9 a je/ z ,b9=d ?\ght1 t if %e 0 9 ! place ( h] husb& %e w\ld resign h] seat 9 ! ,s5ate1 & n s]ve ) su* a "*4 ,b4 told h] t %e 0 a woman1 & c\ld say :at %e pleas$4 ,%e repli$ t %e 0 n 9 e>ne/4 ,james !n look$ ,b4 9 ! face & said t1 if 8 wife said s1 x 0 ! fact--'he 0 an infam\s sc\ndrel & d----d rascal4' ,he ask$ ,b4 if he 0 arm$1 & on be+ answ]$ 9 ! affirmative1 he /epp$ into an adjo9+ room to arm himself2 ,he 0 prev5t$ by ! family f return+1 & ,b9=d walk$ out4 ,j4 !n told him f 8 piazza1 t he w\ld meet him next day 9 ,cl9ton4 ,true to _! appo9tm5t1 ! enrag$ p>ties met on ! /reets ! foll[+ day4 ,james %ot fir/1 8 ball pass+ ?r\gh 8 antagoni/'s liv]1 ^: pi/ol fir$ imm$iately aft]w>ds1 & miss+ ,j41 ! ball pi]c$ ! head ( a /rang] by ! "n ( ,coll9s1 :o in/antly fell & expir$4 ,aft] be+ %ot1 ,b9=d sprang ^u ,j4 ) ! fury ( a w\nd$ tig]1 & w\ld h tak5 8 life b = a second %ot receiv$ ?r\gh ! back f ,b>t9 ,james1 ! bro!r ( ,?omas4 ,ev5 aft] he receiv$ ! la/ fatal w\nd he /ruggl$ ) 8 antagoni/ until dea? relax$ 8 grasp1 & he fell ) ! horrid exclamation1 ',i am a dead man6' ,judge ,james gave himself up to ! au?orities2 & :5 ! in=mant ( ! editor left ,cl9ton1 ,b9=d1 & ! un=tunate /rang] lay %r\d$ corpses toge!r4 ,! ,n4,o4 ,bee ?us gives ! conclusion ( ! matt]3 ,judge ,james 0 tri$ & acquitt$1 ! dea? ( ,b9=d be+ reg>d$ z an act ( ju/ifiable homicide4 ,f ! ,flem+sburg ,k5tuckian1 ,june #bc1'ch4 ,,affray4--,?omas ,b9=d1 ( ,hickman c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 rec5tly attack$ a ,mr4 ,g>dn] ( ,dresd51 ) a drawn knife1 & cut 8 face pretty badly4 ,g>dn] pick$ up a piece ( iron & gave him a side-wipe above ! e> t br\ght him to t]ms4 ,! skull 0 fractur$ ab\t two in*es4 ,b9=d's bro!r 0 kill$ at ,cl9ton1 ,k5tucky1 la/ fall by ,judge ,james4 ,! ,r$ ,riv] ,:ig ( ,septemb] #ae1 #ahch1 says3--,a ruffian ( ! "n ( ,*>les ,gibson1 attempt$ to murd] a girl nam$ ,m>y ,gre51 ( ,l\isville1 ,ky4 on ! #bc;d ult4 ,he cut h] 9 six diff]5t places ) a ,b[ie knife4 ,8 object1 z /at$ 9 a subsequ5t inve/igation be=e ! ,police ,c\rt1 0 to cut h] ?roat1 :i* %e prev5t$ by ?r[+ up h] arms4 ,f ! ,l\isville ,adv]tis]1 ,dec4 #ag?1 #ahch3--;,a />tl+ trag$y occurr$ 9 ?is city on ,saturday ev5+ la/1 9 :i* ,a4,h4 ,meeks 0 in/antly kill$1 ,john ,ro?well mortally w\nd$1 ,william ,holmes sev]ely w\nd$1 & ,h5ry ,oldham slightly1 by ! use ( ,b[ie knives1 by ,judge ,e4,c4 ,wilk9son1 & 8 bro!r1 ,b4,r4 ,wilk9son1 ( ,nat*ez1 & ,j4 ,murd\gh1 ( ,holly ,spr+s1 ,mississippi4 ,x seems t ,judge ,wilk9son _h ord]$ a coat at ! %op ( ,messrs4 ,v>num ,r$d+4 ,! coat 0 made2 ! ,judge1 accompani$ by 8 bro!r & ,mr4 ,murd\gh1 w5t to ! %op ( ,v>num ,r$d+1 tri$ on ! coat1 & 0 irritat$ because1 z he believ$1 x did n fit him4 ,mr4 ,r$d+ und]took to conv9ce him t he 0 9 error1 & v5tur$ to assure ! ,judge t ! coat 0 well made4 ,! ,judge in/antly seiz$ an iron pok]1 & comm5c$ an attack on ,r$d+4 ,! bl[ ) ! pok] 0 p>tially w>d$ (f--,r$d+ grappl$ 8 assailant1 :5 a companion ( ! ,judge drew a ,b[ie knife1 &1 b = ! int]position & int]f]5ce ( ! un=tunate ,meeks1 a j\rneyman tailor1 & a g5tleman pass+ by at ! mom5t1 ,r$d+ might h be5 assass9at$ 9 8 own %op4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 ,r$d+1 ,meeks1 ,ro?well1 & ,holmes w5t to ! ,galt ,h\se4 ,!y s5t up /airs = ,judge ,wilk9son1 & he came d[n into ! b> room1 :5 angry words 7 pass$4 ,! ,judge w5t up /airs aga91 & 9 a %ort "t return$ ) 8 companions1 all arm$ ) knives4 ,h>% language 0 aga9 us$4 ,meeks1 felt call$ on to /ate :at he _h se5 ( ! conflict1 & did s1 & ,murd\gh gave him ! d--d lie1 = :i* ,meeks /ruck him4 ,on receiv+ ! bl[ ) ! :ip1 ,murd\gh in/antly plung$ 8 ,b[ie knife into ! abdom5 ( ,meeks1 & kill$ him on ! spot4 ,at ! same in/ant ,b4,r4 ,wilk9son attempt$ to get at ,r$d+1 & ,holmes & ,ro?well int]f]$1 or jo9$ 9 ! affray4 ,holmes 0 w\nd$1 probably by ,b4,r4 ,wilk9son2 & ! ,judge1 hav+ left ! room = an in/ant1 return$1 & f9d+ ,ro?well cont5d+ ) 8 bro!r1 or b5d+ ov] him1 he 7! ,judge7 /abb$ ,ro?well 9 ! back1 & inflict$ a mortal w\nd4 ,judge ,wilk9son1 8 bro!r1 & ,j4 ,murd\gh1 h be5 rec5tly tri$ & ,,acquitt$4 ,f ! ,new ,orleans ,bee1 ,sept4 #bg1 #ahch4 ,x appe>s f ! /atem5t ( ! ,lex+ton ,intellig5c]1 t !re has be5 = "s "t pa/1 an enmity betwe5 ! driv]s ( ! old & opposition l9es ( /ages runn+ f t city4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #ac? an enc\nt] took place at ! ,circus betwe5 two ( !m1 ,p[ell & ,cam]on1 & ! latt] 0 s mu* injur$ t 8 life 0 9 imm95t dang]4 ,ab\t #ab o'clock ! same night1 sev]al driv]s ( ! old l9e ru%$ into ,keiz]'s ,hotel1 :]e ,p[ell & o!r driv]s ( ! opposition-l9e bo>d$1 & a g5]al melee took place1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* sev]al pi/ols 7 dis*>g$1 ! ball ( "o ( !m pass+ ?r\gh ! head ( ,crab/]1 an old l9e driv]1 & kill+ him on ! spot4 ,crab/]1 be=e he 0 %ot1 _h dis*>g$ 8 own pi/ol :i* _h bur/ into fragm5ts4 ,two or ?ree driv]s ( ! opposition 7 w\nd$ ) buck %ot1 b n dang]\sly4 ,! ,mobile ,adv]tis] ( ,septemb] #ae1 #ahch1 copies ! foll[+ f ! ,l\isville 7,ky47 ,j\rnal4 ,a ,mr4 ,campbell 0 kill$ 9 ,h5d]son c\nty on ! #ca/ ult4 by a ,mr4 ,h>rison4 ,x appe>s1 t !re 0 an affray betwe5 ! p>ties "s mon?s ago1 & t ,h>rison subsequ5tly left home & return$ on ! #ca/ 9 a trad+ boat4 ,campbell met him at ! boat ) a load$ rifle & decl>$ 8 det]m9ation to kill him1 at ! same "t ask+ him :e!r he _h a rifle & express+ a desire to give him a fair *ance4 ,h>rison affect$ to laugh at ! :ole matt] & invit$ ,campbell into 8 boat to take a dr9k ) him4 ,campbell accept$ ! invitation1 b1 :ile he 0 9 ! act ( dr9k+1 ,h>rison seiz$ 8 rifle1 fir$ x (f1 & laid ,campbell dead by /rik+ him ) ! b>rel ( x4 ,! ,miss\ri ,republican ( ,july #bi1 #ahcg publi%$ ! details :i* foll[ f ! ,l\isville ,j\rnal4 ,,m\nt ,,/]l+1 ,ky4 ,july #bj1 #ahcg4 ,g5tlem53--,a mo/ un=tunate & fatal occurr5ce transpir$ 9 our t[n la/ ev5+1 ab\t #f o'clock4 ,"s ( ! mo/ prom95t fri5ds ( ,judge ,fr5* _h a meet+ ye/]day at ,col4 ,"y's1 ne> ?is place1 & w>m words ensu$ betwe5 ,mr4 ,alb]t ,?omas & ,belv>d ,pet]s1 ,esq41 & a few bl[s 7 ex*ang$1 & sev]al ( ! fri5ds ( ea* collect$ at ! spot4 ,:il/ ! p>ties 7 ?us engag$4 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,:ite1 :o 0 a fri5d ( ,mr4 ,pet]s1 /ruck ,mr4 ,?omas1 :]eupon ,b4,f4 ,?omas ,esq4 engag$ 9 ! combat on ! side ( 8 bro!r & ,mr4 ,w4 ,rob]ts on ! "p ( ,pet]s--,mr4 ,g4,w4 ,?omas tak+ "p ) 8 bro!rs4 ,alb]t ,?omas _h ,pet]s d[n & 0 tak5 (f by a g5tleman pres5t1 & :il/ held by t g5tleman1 he 0 /ruck by ,:ite2 & ,b4,f4 ,?omas hav+ made "s rem>k ,:ite /ruck him4 ,b4,f4 ,?omas return$ ! bl[1 & hav+ a l>ge knife1 /abb$ ,:ite1 :o nev]!less cont9u$ ! conte/1 &1 x is said1 broke ,?omas's arm ) a rock ( a *air4 ,?omas !n inflict$ "s o!r /abs1 ( :i* ,:ite di$ 9 a few m9utes4 ,rob]ts 0 knock$ d[n twice by ,alb]t ,?omas1 &1 ,i believe1 is mu* hurt4 ,g4,w4 ,?omas 0 some:at hurt also4 ,:ite & ,b4,f4 ,?omas _h always be5 on fri5dly t]ms4 ,y are acqua9t$ ) ! ,messrs4 ,?omas4 ,mr4 ,:ite 0 a mu* l>g] man ?an ei!r ( !m1 weigh+ ne>ly #bjj p\nds1 & 9 ! prime ( life4 ,z y may v naturally suppose1 great excitem5t prevails "h1 & ,mr4 ,b4,f4 ,?omas regrets ! fatal cata/rophe z mu* z any "o else1 b believes f all ! circum/ances t he 0 ju/ifiable 9 :at he did1 al?\gh he w\ld be z f> f do+ su* an act :5 cool & delib]ate z any man :atev]4 ,! ,new ,orleans ,bullet9 ( ,aug4 #bd1 #ahch1 extracts ! foll[+ f ! ,l\isville ,j\rnal4 ,news has j rea*$ u1 t ,?omas ,p4 ,moore1 attack$ ! ,s5ior ,editor ( ?is pap] 9 ! y>d ( ! ,h>rodsburg ,spr+s4 ,mr4 ,moore advanc$ ^u ,mr4 ,pr5tice ) a drawn pi/ol & fir$ at him2 ,mr4 ,pr5tice !n fir$1 nei!r %ot tak+ effect4 ,mr4 ,pr5tice drew a second pi/ol1 :5 ,mr4 ,moore quail$ & said he _h no o!r arms2 :]eupon ,mr4 ,pr5tice f sup]abundant magnanimity sp>$ ! miscreant's life4 ,f ,! ,floridian ( ,june #aj1 #ahcg4 ,,murd]4 ,mr4 ,gillespie1 a respectable citiz5 ag$ #ej1 0 murd]$ a few days s9ce by a ,mr4 ,arnett1 ne> ,mum=dsville1 ,ky41 :i* latt] %ot 8 victim twice ) a rifle4 ,! ,augu/a 7,ga47 ,s5t9el1 ,may #aa1 #ahch1 has ! foll[+ acc\nt ( murd]s 9 ,k5tucky3 ,at ,mill's ,po9t1 ,k5tucky1 ,dr4 ,?omas ,riv]s 0 %ot "o day la/ week1 f out ( a w9d[1 by ,lawy] ,f]guson1 bo? citiz5s ( t place1 & bo? p>ties are repres5t$ to h /ood high 9 ! e/imation ( ! community 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,! difficulty we und]/& to h gr[n out ( a law suit at issue betwe5 !m4 ,j z our pap] 0 go+ to press1 we le>n t ! bro!r ( ,dr4 ,riv]s1 :o _h be5 s5t =1 _h arriv$1 & imm$iately %ot ,lawy] ,f]guson4 ,he at fir/ %ot him ) a %ot gun1 ^u 8 retreat1 :i* did n prove fatal2 he !n approa*$ him imm$iately ) a pi/ol1 & kill$ him on ! spot4 ,! ,"r ,rev4 ,b4,b4 ,smi?1 ,bi%op ( ! ,episcopal diocese ( ,k5tucky1 publi%$ ab\t two ye>s s9ce an article 9 ! ,lex+ton 7,ky47 ,intellig5c]1 entitl$ ,?\ghts on ! frequ5cy ( homicides 9 ! /ate ( ,k5tucky4 ,we conclude ?is head ) a brief extract f ! te/imony ( ! ,bi%op1 conta9$ 9 t article4 ,! writ] has nev] conv]s$ ) a travel$ & enlight5$ ,european or ea/]n man1 :o has n express$ ! mo/ undisguis$ horror at ! frequ5cy ( homicide & murd] )9 our b\nds1 & at ! ease ) :i* ! homicide escapes f puni%m5t4 ,z to ! frequ5cy ( ^! %ock+ occurr5ces1 ! writ] has "s opportunity ( be+ correctly impress$1 by means ( a ye>ly t\r ?r\gh _m c\nties ( ! ,/ate4 ,he has also be5 p>ticul> 9 mak+ inquiries ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ legal & political *>act]s1 & f "s has d]iv$ conjectural e/imates :i* 7 truly al>m+4 ,a few h be5 ( ! op9ion1 t on an av]age "o murd] a ye> may be *>g$ to ! acc\nt ( e c\nty 9 ! /ate1 mak+ ! frightful aggregate ( #hej human lives sacrific$ to rev5ge1 or ! victims ( mom5t>y passion1 9 ! c\rse ( e t5 ye>s4 ,o!rs h plac$ ! e/imate mu* l[]1 & h ?\ght t ?irty = ! :ole /ate1 e ye>1 w\ld be f\nd mu* ne>] ! tru?4 ,an attempt has be5 made lately to obta9 data m satisfactory ?an conjecture1 & circul>s h be5 address$ to ! cl]ks ( mo/ ( ! c\nties1 9 ord] to arrive at z correct an e/imate z possible ( ! actual numb] ( homicides dur+ ! ?ree ye>s la/ pa/4 ,x w be se51 h[ev]1 t /ati/ics ?us obta9$1 ev5 f e c\nty 9 ! /ate1 w\ld necess>ily be imp]fect1 inasmu* z ! records ( ! c\rts by no means %[ all ! cases1 :i* occur1 "s escap+ )\t any ( ! =ms ( a legal exam9ation1 & !re be+ _m affrays :i* end only 9 w\nds1 or :]e ! p>ties are sep>at$4 ,f ^! returns1 x appe>s t 9 #bg c\nties !re h be51 )9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s1 ( homicides ( e grade1 #ce1 b only #h convictions 9 ! same p]iod1 leav+ #bg cases :i* h pass$ :olly unpuni%$4 ,dur+ ! same p]iod !re h be5 f eighty-five c\nties1 only elev5 commitm5ts to ! /ate prison1 n9e = manslaught]1 & two = %oot+ ) int5t to kill1 & n an in/ance ( capital puni%m5t 9 ! p]son ( any :ite (f5d]4 ,?us an approximation is made to a g5]al av]age1 :i* probably w\ld n v>y mu* f "o 9 ea* c\nty e ?ree ye>s1 or ab\t #bhj 9 t5 ye>s4 ,x is believ$ t su* a regi/] ( crime among/ a p pr(ess+ ! prote/ant religion & speak+ ! ,engli% language1 is n to be f\nd1 ) reg>d to any ?ree-qu>t]s ( a million ( p1 s9ce ! d[nfall ( ! feudal sy/em4 ,comp>$ ) ! records ( crime 9 ,scotl&1 or ! ea/]n /ates1 ! results are ,,absolutely ,,%ock+6 ,x is believ$ !re are m homicides1 on an av]age ( two ye>s1 9 any ( our m popul\s c\nties1 ?an 9 ! :ole ( sev]al ( our /ates1 ( equal or ne>ly equal :ite population ) ,k5tucky4 ,! victims ( ^! affrays are n always1 by any means1 ! mo/ wor?less ( our population4 ,x too (t5 happ5s t ! enlight5$ citiz51 ! devot$ lawy]1 ! affectionate husb&1 & preci\s fa!r1 are ?us in/antane\sly tak5 f _! useful /ations on e>?1 & hurri$1 all unprep>$1 to _! f9al acc\nt6 ,! "q1 is aga9 ask$1 :at c\ld h br\ght ab\t1 & c p]petuate1 ?is %ock+ /ate ( ?+s8 ,z an illu/ration ( ! recklessness ( life 9 ,k5tucky1 & ! t]rible p>alysis ( public s5tim5t1 ! bi%op /ates ! foll[+ fact4 ,a case ( %ock+ homicide is rememb]$1 :]e ! guilty p]son 0 acquitt$ by a sort ( acclamation1 & ! next day 0 se5 9 public1 ) two ladies hang+ on 8 arm6 ,not)/&+ ! frightful frequ5cy ( deadly affrays 9 ,k5tucky1 z is c]tifi$ by ! above te/imony ( ,bi%op ,smi?1 !re are few]1 9 proportion to ! :ite population1 ?an 9 any ( ! /ates :i* h pass$ "u review1 unless ,t5nessee may be an exception4 ,! pres5t :ite population ( ,k5tucky is p]haps sev5ty ?\s& m ?an t ( ,ma9e1 & yet m public fatal affrays h tak5 place 9 ! =m]1 )9 ! la/ six mon?s1 ?an 9 ! latt] dur+ its entire exi/5ce z a /ate4 ,! sev5 slave /ates :i* we h already pass$ "u review1 are j "o half ( ! slave /ates & t]ritories1 includ$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,union4 ,be=e proce$+ to consid] ! condition ( society 9 ! o!r slave /ates1 we pause a mom5t to review ! gr\nd already trav]s$4 ,! pres5t entire :ite population ( ! /ates already consid]$1 is ab\t two & a qu>t] millions2 j ab\t equal to ! pres5t :ite population ( ! /ate ( ,new ,york4 ,if ! am\nt ( crime result+ 9 loss ( life1 :i* is p]petrat$ by ! :ite population ( ^? /ates ^u ! :ites alone1 be contra/$ ) ! am\nt p]petrat$ 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 by all classes1 ^u all1 we believe x w be f\nd1 t m ( su* crimes h be5 committ$ 9 ^! /ates )9 ! la/ #ah mon?s1 ?an h occurr$ 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york = half a c5tury4 ,b p]haps we %all be told t 9 ^! sev5 /ates1 !re are scores ( cities & l>ge t[ns1 & t a majority ( all ^! deadly affrays1 c41 take place 9 !m2 to ?is we reply1 t !re are ?ree times z _m cities & l>ge t[ns 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 z 9 all ^? /ates toge!r1 & t ne>ly all ! capital crimes p]petrat$ 9 ! /ate take place 9 ^! cities & l>ge villages4 ,9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 !re are m ?an half a million ( p]sons :o live 9 cities & villages ( m ?an two ?\s& inhabitants1 :]eas 9 ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,alabama1 ,mississippi1 ,l\isiana1 ,arkansas & ,miss\ri1 !re are on ! l>ge/ computation n m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& p]sons1 resid+ 9 cities & villages ( m ?an two ?\s& inhabitants1 & ! :ite population ( ^! places 7:i* alone is includ$ 9 ! e/imate ( crime1 & t too inflict$ ^u :ites only17 is probably n m ?an sixty-five ?\s&4 ,b x w d\btless be plead$ 9 mitigation1 t ! cities & l>ge villages 9 ^? /ates are new2 t !y h n _h suffici5t "t ?or\ghly to organize _! police1 s z to make x an effectual t]ror to evil do]s2 & fur!r1 t ! rapid gr[? ( ^? places has s ov]load$ ! au?orities ) all sorts ( responsibilities1 t due att5tion to ! pres]vation ( ! public peace has be5 ne>ly impossible2 & besides1 !y h _h no (ficial exp]i5ce to draw ^u1 z 9 ! old] cities1 ! (fices be+ g5]ally fill$ by "y m51 z a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! newness ( ! c\ntry1 c4 ,to ?is we reply1 t ,new ,orleans is m ?an a c5tury old1 & = half t p]iod has be5 ! c5tre ( a great trade2 t ,/4 ,l\is1 ,nat*ez1 ,mobile1 ,na%ville1 ,l\isville & ,lex+ton1 are all half a c5tury old1 & ea* _h arriv$ at ye>s ( discretion1 :ile yet ! sites ( ,buffalo1 ,ro*e/]1 ,lockport1 ,can&aigua1 ,g5eva1 ,auburn1 ,i?aca1 ,oswego1 ,syracuse1 & o!r l>ge t[ns 9 ,we/]n ,new-,york1 7 a wild]ness4 ,fur!r1 z a numb] ( ^! places are l>g] ?an ei!r ( ! =m]1 _! gr[? mu/ h be5 m rapid1 &1 consequ5tly1 !y mu/ h enc\nt]$ /ill great] ob/acles 9 ! organization ( an effici5t police ?an ^? s\? we/]n cities1 ) ?is exception1 ,,!y ,,7 ,,n ,,settl$ ,,by ,,slavehold]s4 ,! absurdity ( assign+ ! newness ( ! c\ntry1 ! unre/ra9$ habits ( pione] settl]s1 ! recklessness ( life eng5d]$ by w>s ) ! ,indians1 c41 z reasons suffici5t to acc\nt = ! frightful am\nt ( crime 9 ! /ates "u review1 is manife/ f ! fact1 t ,v]mont is ( ! same age ) ,k5tucky2 ,ohio1 t5 ye>s y\ng] ?an ,k5tucky1 & six ye>s y\ng] ?an ,t5nessee2 ,indiana1 five ye>s y\ng] ?an ,l\isiana2 ,ill9ois1 "o ye> y\ng] ?an ,mississippi2 ,ma9e1 ( ! same age ) ,miss\ri1 & two ye>s y\ng] ?an ,alabama2 & ,mi*igan ( ! same age ) ,arkansas4 ,n[1 let any "o contra/ ! /ate ( society 9 ,ma9e1 ,v]mont1 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 & ,mi*igan ) t ( ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,alabama1 ,miss\ri1 ,l\isiana1 ,arkansas1 & ,mississippi1 & c&idly pond] ! result4 ,x is impossible satisfactorily to acc\nt = ! imm5se disp>ity 9 crime1 on any o!r supposition ?an t ! latt] /ates 7 settl$ & are inhabit$ almo/ exclusively by ^? :o c>ri$ ) !m ! viol5ce1 impati5ce ( legal re/ra9t1 love ( dom9ation1 fi]y passions1 idl5ess1 & contempt ( labori\s indu/ry1 :i* are eng5d]$ by habits ( despotic sway1 acquir$ by resid5ce 9 communities :]e su* mann]s1 habits & passions1 m\ld society into _! own image4#dc ,! practical work+s ( ?is cause are p[]fully illu/rat$ 9 ^? p>ts ( ! slave /ates :]e slaves ab\nd1 :5 contra/$ ) ^? :]e v few are held4 ,:o does n "k t !re are few] deadly affrays 9 proportion to ! :ite population--t law has m sway & t human life is less insecure 9 ,ea/ ,t5nessee1 :]e !re are v few slaves1 ?an 9 ,we/ ,t5nessee1 :]e !re are l>ge numb]s4 ,?is is true also ( nor!rn & we/]n ,virg9ia1 :]e few slaves are held1 :5 contra/$ ) ea/]n ,virg9ia2 :]e !y ab\nd2 ! same rem>k applies to ^? p>ts ( ,k5tucky & ,miss\ri1 :]e l>ge numb]s ( slaves are held1 :5 contra/$ ) o!rs :]e !re are comp>atively few4 ,we see ! same cause op]at+ to a consid]able ext5t 9 ^? p>ts ( ,ohio1 ,indiana & ,ill9ois1 settl$ ma9ly by slavehold]s & o!rs1 :o 7 natives ( slave /ates1 9 contra/ ) o!r p>ts ( ^! /ates settl$ almo/ exclusively by p]sons f free /ates2 t affrays & brea*es ( ! peace are f> m frequ5t 9 ! =m] ?an 9 ! latt]1 is well kn[n to all4 ,we n[ proce$ to ! rema9+ slave /ates4 ,^? t h n yet be5 consid]$1 are ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 & ! t]ritory ( ,florida4 ,z ,delaw>e has h>dly two ?\s& five hundr$ slaves1 arbitr>y p[] ov] human be+s is ex]cis$ by s few p]sons1 t ! turbul5ce infus$ !reby into ! public m9d is b an inconsid]able elem5t1 q insuffici5t to inflame ! passions1 mu* less to ca/ ! "* ( ! mass ( ! p2 consequ5tly1 ! /ate ( society !re1 & ! g5]al security ( life is b little less ?an 9 ,new ,j]sey & ,p5nsylvania1 ^u :i* /ates x bord]s on ! nor? & ea/4 ,! same causes op]ate 9 a consid]able measure1 ?\gh to a mu* less ext5t to ,m>yl& & 9 ,nor!rn & ,we/]n ,virg9ia4 ,b 9 l[] ,virg9ia1 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia & ,florida1 ! g5]al /ate ( society z x respects ! successful triumph ( passion ov] law1 & ! consequ5t & univ]sal insecurity ( life is1 9 ! ma91 v simil> to t ( ! /ates already consid]$4 ,9 "s portions ( ea* ( ^! /ates1 human life has probably z little real protection z 9 ,arkansas1 ,mississippi & ,l\isiana2 b g5]ally ?r\gh\t ! =m] /ates & sections1 ! laws are n s absolutely p[]less z 9 ! latt] ?ree4 ,deadly affrays1 duels1 murd]s1 lyn*+s1 c41 are1 9 proportion to ! :ite population1 z frequ5t & z r>ely puni%$ 9 l[] ,virg9ia z 9 ,k5tucky & ,miss\ri2 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,s\? ,c>ol9a z 9 ,t5nessee2 & 9 ,georgia & ,florida z 9 ,alabama4 ,to ins]t ! crim9al /ati/ics ( ! rema9+ slave /ates 9 detail1 z ^? ( ! /ates already consid]$ h be5 pres5t$1 w\ld1 we f9d1 fill m space ?an c well be sp>$4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 we propose to exhibit ! /ate ( society 9 all ! slavehold+ region bord]+ on ! ,atlantic1 by ! te/imony ( ! slavehold]s !mselves1 corroborat$ by a few pla9 facts4 ,leav+ out ( view ,florida1 :]e law is ! mo/ p[]less1 & ,m>yl& :]e probably x is ! lea/ s1 we propose to select z a fair illu/ration ( ! actual /ate ( society 9 ! ,atlantic slavehold+ regions1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ^: bord] is b #bej miles f ! free /ates ( ,p5nsylvania & ,new ,j]sey1 & ,georgia :i* con/itutes its s\? we/]n b\nd>y4 ,we w beg9 ) ,,georgia4 ,?is /ate 0 settl$ m ?an a c5tury ago by a colony "u ,g5]al ,ogle?orpe4 ,! colony 0 memorable = its high ton$ morality4 ,"o ( its fir/ regulations 0 an absolute prohibition ( slav]y 9 e =m3 b ano!r g5]ation arose1 ! prohibition 0 aboli%$1 a multitude ( slaves 7 import$1 ! ex]cise ( unlimit$ p[] ov] !m la%$ up passion to ! spurn+ ( all control1 & n[ ! dreadful /ate ( society t exi/s 9 ,georgia1 is reveal$ by ! foll[+ te/imony out ( h] own m\?4 ,! editor ( ! ,d>i5 7,georgia7 ,telegraph1 9 8 pap] ( ,novemb] #f1 #ahch1 publi%$ ! foll[+4 ,murd]\s ,attack4--,betwe5 ! h\rs ( ?ree & f\r o'clock1 on ,saturday la/1 ! editor ( ?is pap] 0 attack$ by ,,f\rte5 arm$ ruffians1 & knock$ d[n by repeat$ bl[s ( bludgeons4 ,all 8 assailants 7 arm$ ) pi/ols1 dirks1 & l>ge clubs4 ,_m ( !m are kn[n to u2 b !re is nei!r law nor ju/ice to be _h 9 ,d>i56 ,we are doom$ to dea? by ! employ]s ( ! assass9s :o attack$ u on ,saturday1 & no less ?an our blood w satisfy !m4 ,! cause alleg$ = ?is unmanly1 base1 c[>dly outrage1 is "s expressions :i* occurr$ 9 an election squib1 pr9t$ at ?is (fice1 & ext5sively circulat$ ?r\gh ! c\nty1 be=e ! election4 ,! names ( ^? :o surr\nd$ u1 :5 ! attack 0 made1 are1 ,a4 ,lefils1 jr4 7son to ! repres5tative71 ,madison ,?omas1 ,francis ,h>rison1 ,?omas ,hopk9s1 ,alex&] ,blue1 ,george ,w+1 ,james ,eil&s1 ,w4,i4 ,p]k9s1 ,a4,j4 ,raymur3 ! o!rs we _c at pres5t recollect4 ,! two fir/1 ,,lefils & ,,?omas /ruck u at ! same "t4 ,pi/ols 7 levell$ at u 9 all directions4 ,we c produce ! mo/ respectable te/imony ( ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t4 ,! same numb] ( ! ,d>i5 ,telegraph1 f :i* ! prec$+ is tak51 conta9s a correspond5ce betwe5 six individuals1 settl+ ! prelim9>ies ( duels4 ,! correspond5ce fills1 ) ! exception ( a doz5 l9es1 five columns ( ! pap]4 ,! p>ties 7 ,col4 ,w4 ,:ig ,hazz>d1 comm&] ( "o ( ! ,georgia regim5ts 9 ! rec5t ,sem9ole campaign1 ,dr4 ,t4,f4 ,hazz>d1 a physician ( ,/4 ,simons1 & ,?omas ,hazz>d1 ,esq4 a c\nty magi/rate1 on ! "o side1 & ,messrs4 ,j4,a4 ,willey1 ,a4,w4 ,willey1 & ,h4,b4 ,g\ld1 ,esqs4 ( ,d>i51 on ! o!r4 ,9 _! publi%$ correspond5ce ! p>ties call ea* o!r li>1 mean rascal1 puppy1 villa91 c4 ,! magi/rate1 ,?omas ,hazz>d1 :o accepts ! *all5ge ( ,j4,a4 ,willey1 says1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s1 ,be+ a magi/rate1 "u a solemn oa? to d all 9 my p[] to keep ! peace1 c41 & yet ?is p]sonification ( ,georgia ju/ice sup]scribes 8 lett] z foll[s3 ,to ! ,li>1 ,puppy1 ,fool1 & ,poltroon1 ,mr4 ,john ,a4 ,willey ,! magi/rate closes 8 lett] ?us3 ,"h ,i am2 call ^u me = p]sonal satisfaction 79 propria =ma72 & 9 ! ,f>m ,field1 on ,/4 ,simon's ,isl&1 7,deo juvante17 ,i w give y a full front ( my body1 & d all 9 my p[] to satisfy y\r ?ir/ = blood6 ,& m1 ,i w wag] y #ajj1 to be plank$ on ! scrat*6 t ,j4,a4 ,willey w nei!r kill or defeat ,t4,f4 ,hazz>d4 ,! foll[+ extract f ! correspond5ce is a suffici5t index ( slavehold+ civilization4 ,,articles ,,( ,,battle ,,betwe5 ,,john ,a4 ,,willey ,,& ,w4 ,,:ig ,,hazz>d4 ,condition #a4 ,! p>ties to fight on ! same day1 & at ! same place1 7,/4 ,simon's bea*1 ne> ! ligh?\se17 :]e ! meet+ betwe5 ,t4,f4 ,hazz>d & ,j4,a4 ,willey w take place4 ,condition #b4 ,! p>ties to fight ) broad-swords 9 ! "r h&1 & a dirk 9 ! left4 ,condition #c4 ,on ! ^w ,*>ge1 ! p>ties to advance1 & attack ) ! broadsword1 or close ) ! dirk4 ,condition #d4 ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,vanqui%$ ,,to ,,be ,,cut ,,(f ,,by ,,! ,,victor1 ,,& ,,/uck ,,^u ,a ,,pole ,,on ,,! ,,f>m ,,field ,,dam1 ! orig9al cause ( dispute4 ,condition #e4 ,nei!r p>ty to object to ea* o!r's weapons2 & if a sword breaks1 ! conte/ to cont9ue ) ! dirk4 ,?is ,col4 ,w4 ,:ig ,hazz>d is "o ( ! mo/ prom95t citiz5s 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,georgia1 & previ\sly signaliz$ himself1 z we le>n f "o ( ! lett]s 9 ! correspond5ce1 by ?ree delib]ate r\nds 9 a duel4 ,! ,macon 7,georgia7 ,telegraph ( ,octob] #i1 #ahch1 conta9s ! foll[+ notice ( two affrays 9 t place1 9 ea* ( :i* an individual 0 kill$1 "o on ,tuesday & ! o!r on ,saturday ( ! same week4 ,9 publi%+ ! case1 ! ,macon editor rem>ks3 ,we are compell$ to rem>k on ! ineffici5cy ( our laws 9 br++ to ! b> ( public ju/ice1 p]sons committ+ capital (f5ces4 ,"u ! pres5t mode1 a man has no?+ m to d ?an to leave ! /ate1 or /ep ov] to ,texas1 or "s o!r place n f>!r (f1 & he ne$ ent]ta9 no fe> ( be+ appreh5d$4 ,s long z su* a /ate ( ?+s is p]mitt$ to exi/1 j s long w e man :o has an enemy 7& !re are b few :o h n7 be 9 con/ant dang] ( be+ %ot d[n 9 ! /reets4 ,to ^! rem>ks ( ! ,macon editor1 :o is 9 ! c5tre ( ! /ate1 ne> ! capital1 ! editor ( ! ,d>i5 ,telegraph1 two hundr$ miles di/ant1 responds z foll[s1 9 8 pap] ( ,octob] #cj4 #ahch4 ,! rem>ks ( our contempor>y are n )\t cause4 ,!y apply1 ) peculi> =ce1 to ?is community4 ,murd]]s & riot]s w nev] /& 9 ne$ ( a sanctu>y z long z ,d>i5 is :at x is4 ,x is a co9cid5ce :i* c>ries a comm5t ) x1 t 9 less ?an a week aft] ?is ,d>i5 editor made ^! rem>ks1 he 0 attack$ 9 ! /reet by f\rte5 g5tlem5 arm$ ) bludgeons1 knives1 dirks1 pi/ols1 c41 & w\ld d\btless h be5 but*]$ on ! spot if he _h n be5 rescu$4 ,we give ! foll[+ /atem5t at l5g? z ! *ief p]petrator ( ! outrages1 ,col4 ,w4,n4 ,bi%op1 0 at ! "t a high function>y ( ! ,/ate ( ,georgia1 &1 z we le>n f ! ,macon ,mess5g]1 /ill holds two public (fices 9 ! ,/ate1 "o ( !m f ! direct appo9tm5t ( ! gov]nor4 ,f ! ,georgia ,mess5g] ( ,augu/ #be1 #ahcg4 ,dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,,wilson ,,lumpk91 ,,william ,n4 ,,bi%op receiv$ f 8 ,excell5cy ! appo9tm5t ( ,indian ,ag5t1 9 ! place ( ,william ,spr+]4 ,dur+ t ye> 7#ahcd17 ! said gov]nor gave ! comm& ( a company ( m51 #dj 9 numb]1 to ! said ,w4,n4 ,bi%op1 to be select$ by him1 & arm$ ) ! muskets ( ! ,/ate4 ,?is b& 0 organiz$ = ! special purpose ( keep+ ! ,*]okees 9 subjection1 & al?\gh x is a notori\s fact t ! ,*]okees 9 ! neighborhood ( ,spr+ ,place 7 peaceable & by no means refractory1 ! said b& 7 kept !re1 & seldom made any excursion :atev] out ( ! c\nty ( ,murray4 ,x is also a notori\s fact1 t ! said b&1 f ! day ( _! organization1 nev] p]mitt$ a citiz5 ( ,murray c\nty oppos$ to ! dom9ant p>ty ( ,georgia1 to ex]cise ! "r ( suffrage at any election :atev]4 ,f t p]iod to ! la/ ( ,janu>y election1 ! said b& appe>$ at ! polls ) ! arms ( ! ,/ate1 reject+ e vote t 0 n ( ! true /ripe1 z !y call$ x4 ,t !y frequ5tly seiz$ & dragg$ to ! polls hone/ citiz5s1 & compell$ !m to vote contr>y to _! w4 ,su* acts ( arbitr>y despotism 7 tol]at$ by ! adm9i/ration4 ,appeals f ! citiz5s ( ,murray c\nty br\ght !m no relief--& inc5s$ at su* outrages1 !y det]m9$ on ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,janu>y la/1 to turn out & elect su* ,judges ( ! ,inf]ior ,c\rt & c\nty (fic]s1 z w\ld be above ! control ( ,bi%op1 t he might !reby be prev5t$ f pack+ su* a jury z he *ose to try him = 8 brutal & uncon/itutional outrages on _! rights4 ,accord+ly on ,sunday ev5+ previ\s to ! election1 ab\t tw5ty citiz5s :o liv$ a di/ance f ! c\nty site1 came 9 un>m$ & unprep>$ = battle1 int5d+ to rema9 9 t[n1 vote 9 ! morn+ & return home4 ,!y 7 met by ,bi%op & 8 ,/ate b&1 & ask$ by ! =m] ':e!r !y 7 = peace or w>4' ,!y unanim\sly respond$1 we are = peace3' ,at t mom5t ,bi%op ord]$ a fire1 & in/antly e musket ( 8 b& 0 dis*>g$ on ^? citiz5s1 #e ( :om 7 w\nd$1 & o!rs escap$ ) bullet holes 9 _! clo!s4 ,n satisfi$ ) ! outrage1 !y dragg$ an ag$ man f 8 wagon & beat him ne>ly to dea?4 ,9 ?is way ! vot]s 7 driv5 f ,spr+ ,place1 & be=e day light ! next morn+1 ! polls 7 op5$ by ord] ( ,bi%op1 & soon aft] sun rise !y 7 clos$2 ,bi%op hav+ asc]ta9$ t ! b& & ,s*ley m5 _h all vot$4 ,a runn] 0 !n dispat*$ to ,mill$geville1 & receiv$ f ,gov]nor ,s*ley commissions = ^? self-made (fic]s ( ,bi%op's1 two ( :om h s9ce runaway1 & ! re/ h be5 call$ on by ! citiz5s ( ! c\nty to resign1 be+ ea* memb]s ( ,bi%op's b&1 & d\btless runaways f o!r ,/ates4 ,aft] ^! outrages1 ,bi%op appreh5d+ an appeal to ! judici>y on ! "p ( ! injur$ citiz5s ( ,murray c\nty1 _h a jury drawn to suit him & appo9t$ "o ( 8 b& ,cl]k ( ! ,sup]ior ,c\rt4 ,= ^! acts1 ! ,gov]nor & (fic]s ( ! ,c5tral ,bank rew>d$ him ) an (fice 9 ! ,bank ( ! ,/ate1 s9ce :i* 8 own jury f\nd elev5 true bills aga9/ him4 ,9 ! ,mill$geville ,f$]al ,union ( ,may #b1 #ahcg1 we f9d ! foll[+ pres5tm5t ( ! ,gr& ,jury ( ,union ,c\nty1 ,georgia1 :i* z x %[s "s relics ( a moral s5se1 /ill l+]+ 9 ! /ate we ins]t4 ,pres5tm5t ( ! ,gr& ,jury ( ,union ,co41 ,m>* t]m1 #ahcg4 ,we w\ld notice1 z a subject ( pa9ful int]e/1 ! appo9tm5t ( ,wm4 ,n4 ,bi%op to ! high & responsible (fice ( ,tell]1 ( ! ,c5tral ,bank ( ! ,/ate ( ,georgia--an in/itution ( su* magnitude z to m]it & dem& ! mo/ unslumb]+ vigilance ( ! freem5 ( ?is ,/ate2 z a portion ( :om1 we feel b\nd to express our indignant repreh5sion ( ! promotion ( su* a "* to "o ( its mo/ responsible po/s--& d exce$+ly regret ! bl9dness or depravity ( ^? :o c sanction su* a measure4 ,we reque/ t our pres5tm5t be publi%$ 9 ! ,m9]s' ,record] & ,f$]al ,union4 ,,john ,,m>t91 ,=eman ,on motion ( ,h5ry ,l4 ,sims1 ,solicitor ,g5]al1 ,ord]$ by ! c\rt1 t ! pres5tm5ts ( ! ,gr& ,jury1 be publi%$ accord+ to _! reque/4 ,,?omas ,,h5ry1 ,cl]k4 ,! same pap]1 f\r weeks aft] publi%+ ! prec$+ facts1 conta9$ ! foll[+3 we give x 9 detail z ! wret* :o enact$ ! trag$y 0 ano!r public function>y ( ! /ate ( ,georgia & act+ 9 an (ficial capacity4 ,,murd]4--,"o ( ! mo/ brutal & inhuman murd]s x has ev] fall5 to our lot to notice1 0 lately committ$ 9 ,*]okee c\nty1 by ,julius ,bates1 ! son ( ! pr9cipal keep] ( ! ,p5it5ti>y1 ^u an ,indian4 ,! circum/ances z detail$ to u by ! mo/ respectable m5 ( bo? p>ties1 are ^!4 ,at ! la/ ,sup]ior ,c\rt ( ,cass c\nty1 ! un=tunate ,indian 0 s5t5c$ to ! ,p5it5ti>y4 ,bates1 z "o ( ! ,p5it5ti>y gu>d1 0 s5t ) ano!r to c>ry him & o!rs1 f o!r c\nties to ,mill$geville4 ,he />t$ f ,cassville ) ! ,indian iron$ & b>e foot$2 & walk$ him )9 a qu>t] ( a mile ( ,canton1 ! ,c4,h4 9 ,*]okee1 a di/ance ( tw5ty-eight to ?irty miles1 ov] a v r\gh road 9 little m ?an half ! day4 ,on arriv+ at a small creek ne> t[n1 ! ,indian :o _h walk$ until ! soles ( 8 feet 7 (f & ^? ( 8 heel turn$ back1 made signs to get wat]1 ,bates refus$ to let him1 & ord]$ him to g on3 ! ,indian /opp$ & f9ally set d[n1 :]eupon ,bates dism\nt$ & ga!r+ a p9e knot1 comm5c$ & cont9u$ beat+ him & jirk+ him by a *a9 ar\nd 8 neck1 until ! citiz5s ( ! village 7 drawn !re by ! sev]ity ( ! bl[s4 ,! un=tunate creature 0 tak5 up to t[n & di$ 9 a few h\rs4 ,an inque/ 0 held1 & ! jury f\nd a v]dict ( murd] by ,bates4 ,a w>rant 0 issu$1 b ,bates _h dep>t$ t morn+ 9 *>ge ( o!r prison]s tak5 f ,canton1 & ! wor?y (fic]s ( ! c\nty desi/$ f 8 pursuit1 'because !y appreh5d$ he _h pass$ ! limits ( ! c\nty4' ,we und]/& t ! w>rant 0 imm$iately s5t to ! ,gov]nor to h him arre/$4 ,w x be done8 ,we %all see4 ,hav+ devot$ s mu* space to a revelation ( ! /ate ( society among ! slavehold]s ( ,georgia1 we w tax ! read]'s pati5ce ) only a s+le illu/ration ( ! public s5tim5t--! degree ( actual legal protection enjoy$ 9 ! /ate ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a 0 settl$ ab\t two c5turies ago2 its pres5t :ite population is ab\t five hundr$ ?\s&4 ,pass+ by ! murd]s1 affrays1 c4 ) :i* ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a pap]s ab\nd1 we ins]t ! foll[+ z an illu/ration ( ! public s5tim5t ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a among 'g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+4' ,! ',nor? ,c>ol9a ,lit]>y & ,comm]cial ,j\rnal1' ( ,janu>y #bj1 #ahch1 publi%$ at ,elizabe? ,city1 devotes a column & a half to a description ( ! lyn*+1 t>r+1 fea!r+1 duck+1 rid+ on a rail1 pump+1 c41 ( a ,mr4 ,*>les ,fife1 a m]*ant ( t city1 = ! crime ( 'trad+ ) negroes4' ,! editor in=ms u t ?is exploit ( v&alism 0 p]=m$ v delib]ately1 at mid-day1 & by a numb] ( ! citiz5s1 ',,! ,,mo/ ,,respectable ,,9 ,,! ,,city1' c4 ,we proce$ to give ! read] an abridgem5t ( ! editor's /atem5t 9 8 own words4-- ,su* be+ ! case1 a numb] ( ! citiz5s1 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,respectable ,,9 ,,?is ,,city1 collect$1 ab\t t5 days s9ce1 & aft] putt+ ! fell[ on a rail1 c>ri$ him ?r\gh t[n ) a duck & *ick5 ti$ to him4 ,he 0 tak5 d[n to ! wat] & 8 head t>r$ & fea!r$2 & :5 !y return$ he 0 put "u a pump1 :]e = a few m9utes he und]w5t a little cool+4 ,he 0 !n told t he mu/ leave t[n by ! next ,saturday--if he did n he w\ld be visit$ aga91 & treat$ m 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples ( ! laws ( ,judge ,lyn*4 ,on ,saturday la/1 he 0 aga9 visit$1 & z ,fife _h sev]al ( 8 fri5ds to assi/ him1 "s little scuffle ensu$1 :5 sev]al 7 knock$ d[n1 b no?+ s]i\s occurr$4 ,fife 0 aga9 m\nt$ on a rail & br\ght into t[n1 b z he promis$ if !y w\ld n tr\ble him he w\ld leave t[n 9 a few days1 he 0 set at lib]ty4 ,sev]al ( our magi/rates took no notice ( ! affair1 & r seem$ to tacitly acquiesce 9 ! proce$+s4 ,! :ole subject e "o suppos$ 0 end$1 z ,fife 0 to leave 9 a few days1 :5 ,,:at ,,0 ,,our ,,a/oni%m5t to he> t ,mr4 ,*>les ,r4 ,k9ney _h visit$ ,fife1 advis$ him n to leave1 & actually took ^u himself to exam9e witnesses1 & came be=e ! public z ! def5d] ( ,fife4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t all ! riot]s 7 summon$ by ! ,%]iff to appe> 9 ! ,c\rt ,h\se & give bail = _! appe>ance at our next c\rt4 ,on ,monday la/ ! c\rt op5$ at #ab o'clock1 ,judge ,bailey presid+4 ,su* an excitem5t we nev] witness$ be=e 9 our t[n4 ,a great _m witnesses 7 exam9$1 :i* prov$ ! "* ( ,fife beyond a d\bt4 ,at "o "t r s]i\s consequ5ces 7 appreh5d$--high words 7 spok51 & luckily a bl[ :i* 0 aim$ at ,mr4 ,k9ney1 0 p>ri$ (f1 & we are happy to say ! c\rt adj\rn$ aft] ample securities be+ giv54 ,! next day ,fife 0 tak5 to jail = trad+ ) negroes1 b has s9ce be5 releas$ on pay+ #ajj4 ,! int]f]5ce ( ,mr4 ,k9ney 0 :olly unnecess>y2 x 0 an assumption on 8 "p :i* prop]ly belong$ to our magi/rates4 ,fife _h agre$ to g away1 & ! matt] w\ld h be5 amicably settl$ b = him4 ,we h no unfri5dly feel+s t[>ds ,mr4 ,k9ney3 no p]sonal animosities to gratify3 we h always consid]$ him z "o ( our be/ lawy]s4 ,b :5 he comes =? z ! support] ( su* a fell[ z ,fife1 "u ! plea t ! laws h be5 violat$--:5 he arraigns ! acts ( ?irty ( ! inhabitants ( ?is place1 x is high "t = him to reflect s]i\sly on ! consequ5ces4 ,! ,p5it5ti>y sy/em is ! result ( ! ref9em5t ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,z man advances 9 ! sci5ces1 9 ! arts1 9 ! int]c\rse ( social & civiliz$ life1 9 ! same proportion does crime & vice keep an equal pace1 & always makes dem&s on ! wisdom ( legislators4 ,n[1 :at is ! ,lyn* law b ! ,p5it5ti>y sy/em c>ri$ out to its full ext5t1 ) a little m /eam p[]8 or m prop]ly1 x is simply ?us3 ,!re are "s sc\ndrels 9 society on :om ! laws take no effect2 ! mo/ exp$iti\s & %ort way is to let a majority decide & give !m ,,ju/ice4 ,let ! read] notice1 #a/1 t ?is outrage 0 p]petrat$ ) great delib]ation1 & aft] x 0 ov]1 ! victim 0 comm&$ to leave t[n by ! next week3 :5 t cool+ int]val _h pass$1 ! outrage 0 aga9 delib]ately repeat$4 #b;d4 ,x 0 p]petrat$ by ?irty p]sons1' ! mo/ respectable 9 ! city4 #c;d4 ,t at ! second lyn*+ ( ,fife1 sev]al ( 8 neighbors :o _h ga!r$ to def5d him1 7see+ t all ! legal (fic]s 9 ! city _h refus$ to d x1 ?us violat+ _! oa?s ( (fice17 7 knock$ d[n1 to :i* ! editor adds1 ) ! bus9ess air ( a pr(essional but*]1 no?+ s]i\s occurr$6 #d?4 ,t n a s+le magi/rate 9 ! city took ! lea/ notice ei!r ( ! b>b>ities inflict$ ^u ,fife1 or ( ! assaults ^u 8 fri5ds1 knock+ !m d[n1 c41 b1 z ! editor in=ms u1 all seem$ to acquiesce 9 ! proce$+s4 #e?4 ,t ?is conduct ( ! magi/rates 0 well pleas+ to ! great mass ( ! citiz5s1 is pla91 f ! rem>k ( ! editor t e "o suppos$ t ! :ole subject 0 end$1 & f 8 wond]+ exclamation1 ,,:at ,,0 ,,our ,,a/oni%m5t to he> t ,mr4 ,c4,r4 ,k9ney _h actually took ^u him to exam9e witnesses1 c41 & also f ! editor's decl>ation1 ,su* an excitem5t we nev] be=e witness$ 9 our t[n4 ,excitem5t at :at8 ,n because ! laws _h be5 mo/ impi\sly trampl$ d[n at noon-day by a conspiracy ( ?irty p]sons1 ! mo/ respectable 9 ! city2 n because a citiz5 _h be5 twice seiz$ & publicly tortur$ = h\rs1 )\t trial1 & 9 utt] defiance ( all au?ority2 nay1 v]ily6 ?is 0 all complac5tly acquiesc$ 92 b because 9 ?is slavehold+ ,sodom !re 0 f\nd a solit>y ,lot :o d>$ to uplift 8 voice = law & ! "r ( trial by jury2 ?is crime /irr$ up su* an upro> 9 t city ( mo/ respectable lyn*]s z 0 nev] witness$ be=e1 & ! noble lawy] :o ?us put e ?+ at /ake 9 invok+ ! maje/y ( law1 w\ld1 x seems1 h be5 knock$ d[n1 ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,c\rt1 if ! bl[ _h n be5 p>ri$4 #f?4 ,m>k ! murd]\s ?reat ( ! editor--:5 he arraigns ! acts1 7no matt] h[ murd]\s7 ( ?irty citiz5s ( ?is place1 x is high "t = him to reflect s]i\sly on ! consequ5ces4 #g?4 ,! op5 advocacy ( ,lyn* law by a set argum5t1 boldly sett+ x above all codes1 ) :i* ! editor closes 8 article1 reveals a public s5tim5t 9 ! community :i* %[s1 t 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ?\gh society may /ill rally "u ! flag ( civilization1 & insi/ on wrapp+ itself 9 its folds1 b>b>ism is none ! less s 9 a /ol5 liv]y1 & savages are savages /ill1 ?\gh trick$ out ) ! gauze & t9sel ( ! />s & /ripes4 ,x may be /at$1 9 conclusion1 t ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,lit]>y & ,comm]cial ,j\rnal1 f :i* ! article is tak51 is a l>ge six-column$ pap]1 edit$ by ,f4,s4 ,proctor1 ,esq41 a graduate ( a ,univ]sity1 & ( consid]able lit]>y note 9 ! ,s\?4 ,hav+ drawn out ?is topic to s great a l5g?1 we waive all comm5ts1 & only say to ! read]1 9 conclusion1 pond] ^! ?+s1 & lay x to he>t1 t slavehold+ is ju/ifi$ ( h] *ildr54 ,v]ily1 !y h _! rew>d6 ,) :at measure ye mete )al x %all be measur$ to y aga94 ,^? :o comb9e to trample on o!rs1 w trample on ea* o!r4 ,! habit ( trampl+ ^u "o1 begets a /ate ( m9d t w trample ^u all4 ,accu/om$ to wreak _! v5geance on _! slaves1 indulg5ce ( passion becomes ) slavehold]s a second law ( nature1 &1 :5 excit$ ev5 by _! equals1 _! hot blood brooks nei!r re/ra9t nor delay2 gratification is ! fir/ ?\ght--prud5ce g5]ally comes too late1 & ! slaves see _! ma/]s fall a prey to ea* o!r1 ! victims ( ^? v passions :i* h be5 eng5d]$ & infuriat$ by ! practice ( arbitr>y rule ov] !m4 ,surely x ne$ n be add$1 t ^? :o ?us tread d[n _! equals1 mu/ trample z 9 a w9e-press _! def5celess vassals4 ,if1 :5 9 passion1 !y seize ^? :o are on _! own level1 & da% !m "u _! feet1 ) :at a cru%+ v5geance w !y leap ^u ^? :o are always "u _! feet8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes4 ,footnote #ci3 ,a few ye>s s9ce ,mr4 ,b\rne publi%$ a "w entitl$1 ,picture ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 :i* he describes a v>iety ( horrid atrocities p]petrat$ ^u slaves2 su* z brutal sc\rg+ & lac]ations ) ! application ( pepp]1 mu/>d1 salt1 v9eg>1 c41 to ! ble$+ ga%es2 also maim+s1 cat-haul+s1 burn+s1 & o!r tortures simil> to hundr$s describ$ on ! prece$+ pages4 ,^! descriptions ( ,mr4 ,b\rne 71 at t "t1 ?\ght by multitudes incr$ible1 & probably1 ev5 by "s abolitioni/s1 :o _h nev] giv5 mu* reflection to ! subject4 ,we are happy to furni% ! read] ) ! foll[+ te/imony ( a ,virg9ia slavehold] to ! accuracy ( ,mr4 ,b\rne's del9eations4 ,especially z ?is slavehold] is a native ( "o ( ! c\nties 7,culpepp]7 ne> to :i* ! atrocities describ$ by ,mr4 ,b4 7 committ$4 ,te/imony ( ,mr4 ,,william ,,hansbor\gh1 ( ,culpepp]1 ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 ! own] ( sixty slaves1 to ,mr4 ,b\rne's ,picture or ,slav]y z a true del9eation4 ,l9dley ,coates1 ( ,lanca/] ,co41 ,pa41 a well kn[n memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 & a memb] ( ! late ,p5nsylvania ,conv5tion = revis+1 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,/ate1 9 a lett] n[ be=e u1 describ+ a rec5t int]view betwe5 him & ,mr4 ,hansbor\gh1 ( sev]al days cont9uance1 says1--,i h&$ him ,b\rne's ,picture ( slav]y to read3 aft] read+ x1 he said1 t all ( ! suff]+s ( slaves !re9 relat$1 7 true del9eations1 & t he _h se5 all ^? modes ( torture himself4 ,footnote #dj3 ,! foll[+ is ,mr4 ,/ev5son's disclaim]3 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 ! ',london ,mail1' ,oct #cj1 #ahch4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,ev5+ ,mail3 ,sir--,i did n see until my return f ,scotl& ! note address$ by ,mr4 ,o',connell1 to ! editor ( ! ,*ronicle1 purport+ to give an explanation ( ! correspond5ce :i* has pass$ betwe5 u1 & :i* ,i deem$ x prop] to make public4 ,i d n int5d to be drawn into any discussion ( ! subject ( dome/ic slav]y z x exi/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 nor to give any explanation ( ! motives or circum/ances "u :i* ,i h act$4 ,dispos$ to reg>d ,mr4 ,o',connell z a man ( honor4 ,i 0 induc$ to take ! c\rse ,i did2 :e!r ju/ifiable or n1 ! _w w n[ decide4 ,! tone & report ( 8 la/ note 79 :i* he disav[s responsibility = any ?+ he may say7 precludes any fur!r notice f me1 ?an to say t ! *>ge :i* he has ?\ght prop] aga9 to repeat1 ( my be+ a bre$] ( slaves = sale & traffick1 is :olly de/itute ( tru?2 & t ,i am w>rant$ 9 believ+ x has be5 made by him )\t ! slighte/ au?ority4 ,,su*1 ,,too1 ,i ,,v5ture ,,to ,,say1 ,,is ,,! ,,case ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,8 ,,*>ge ,,( ,,slave-,,bre$+ ,,9 ,,virg9ia4 ,i make ?is decl>ation1 n because ,i admit ,mr4 ,o',connell's "r to call = x1 b to prev5t my sil5ce f be+ mis9t]pret$4 ,a4 ,,/ev5son #bc ,portl& ,place1 ,oct4 #bi ,footnote #da3 ,mr4 ,,wise said 9 "o ( 8 spee*es dur+ ! la/ session ( ,congress1 t he 0 oblig$ to g arm$ = ! protection ( 8 life 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,x c\ld n h be5 = fe> ( ,nor!rn m54 ,footnote #db3 ,a correspond5t ( ! ,fr$]ick ,h]ald1 writ+ f ,little ,rock1 says1 ,an?ony's knife 0 ab\t tw5ty-eight in*es 9 l5g?4 ,!y all c>ry knives "h1 or pi/ols4 ,!re are sev]al k9ds ( knives 9 use--a n>r[ blade1 & ab\t twelve in*es long1 is call$ an ',arkansas too?-pick4' ,footnote #dc3 ,bi%op ,smi? ( ,k5tucky1 9 8 te/imony respect+ homicides1 :i* is quot$ on a prec$+ pages1 ?us speaks ( ! influ5ce ( slave-hold+1 z an excit+ cause4 ,are n "s ( ! indirect influ5ces ( a sy/em1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* among/ u c nev] be suffici5tly deplor$1 discov]able 9 ^! affrays8 ,are n our "y m5 m heady1 viol5t & imp]i\s 9 consequ5ce ( _! e>ly habits ( comm&8 ,& are n our tav]ns & o!r public places ( resort1 mu* m cr[d$ ) an inflammable mat]ial1 ?an if "y m5 7 br\ght up 9 ! /aid & frugal habits ( ^? :o are con/ra9$ to e>n _! bread by ! sweat ( _! br[8 99 99 99 ,is n intemp]ance m social1 m inflammatory1 m pugnaci\s :]e a fanci$ sup]iority ( g5tlemanly "* is felt 9 consequ5ce ( exemption f sev]e manual labor8 ,is !re ev] /abb+ :]e !re is n idl5ess & /rong dr9k8 ,! ,bi%op also gives ! foll[+ z ano!r excit+ cause2 x is h[ev] only ! product ( ! prec$+4 ,has n a public s5tim5t :i* we he> *>act]iz$ z s+ul>ly high-m9d$ & honorable1 & s5sitively alive to e affront1 :e!r real or imag9>y1 b :i* /rang]s d5om9ate r\gh & f]oci\s1 mu* to d 9 provok+ ^! assaults1 & !n 9 applaud+ in/ead ( puni%+ ! (f5d]4 ,! ,bi%op says ( ! "y m5 ( ,k5tucky1 t !y gr[ up pr\d1 impetu\s1 & reckless ( all responsibility2 & adds1 t ! practice ( c>ry+ deadly weapons is ) !m ,,ne>ly ,,univ]sal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to facilitate ! use ( ! ,index1 "s ( ! m common topics are arrang$ "u "o g5]al title4 ,?us all ! volumes :i* are cit$ are class$ "u ! ^w1 ,,books2 & to t head ref]5ce mu/ be made4 ,! same plan has be5 adopt$ conc]n+ ,female ,slave-,driv]s1 ,laws1 ,n>ratives1 ,ov]se]s1 ,runaways1 ,slavehold]s1 ,slave-,murd]]s1 ,slave-,plantations1 ,slaves1 ,female & ,male1 ,te/imony & ,witnesses4 ,!re=e1 ) a few emphatical exceptions only1 ! facts w be f\nd1 by recurr+ to ! prom95t p]son or subject :i* any circum/ance includes4 ,all o!r miscellane\s articles w be discov]$ 9 alphabetical ord]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a4 ,absolute p[] ( slavehold]s ,absurdity ( slavehold+ pretexts ,abuse ( p[] ,acclimat$ slaves ,adrian ,adult]y 9 a prea*]'s h\se ,adv]tisem5t = slaves ,adv]tisem5t = slaves to hire ,adv]tisem5ts ,affray ,african slave-trade ,ag$ slaves uncommon ,alabama ,alex&] ! tyrant ,all[ance ( provisions ,amalgamation ,am]ican ,colonization ,society ,amiable & t\*+ *>ity6 ,amusem5ts ( slave-driv]s ,animals & slaves1 usage (1 contra/$ ,antio*1 massacre at ,arbitr>y1 ,arbitr>y p[]1 cruelty ( p]nici\s ,ardor 9 bett+ ,arius ,arkansas ,atlantic ,slavehold+ ,region ,auctione]s ( slaves ,auctions = slaves ,augu/9e ,aurelius ,av]sion betwe5 ! oppressor & ! slave ,b4 ,babbl+ ( slavehold]s ,backs ( slaves c>d$ putrid ,ball & *a9 m5 ,bapti/ prea*]s ,battles 9 ,congress ,beat+ a woman's face ) %oes ,b$aub+ ( slaves ) oil & t> ,begett+ slaves = pay ,b5d y\r backs ,b5evol5ce ( slavehold]s ,bett+ on crops slaves ,bew>e ( ,kidnapp]s ,bibles se>*$ = ,bl9d slaves ,blocks ) %>p pegs & nails ,blood-b\ght luxuries ,bodley1 ,h4,s4 ,bones dislocat$ ,,books4 ,african ,obs]v] ,am]ican ,conv5tion1 m9utes ( ,museum ,/ate ,pap]s ,&rews' ,slav]y & ! ,slave ,trade ,bay's ,reports ,b5ezet's ,caution to ,brita9 & h] ,colonies ,black/one's ,comm5t>ies1 by ,tuck] ,book & ,slav]y irreconcilable ,b\rgo+'s ,spa9 ,b\rne's ,picture ( ,slav]y ,brev>d's ,dige/ ( ! ,laws ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,brew/]'s ,exposition ( ,slave ,treatm5t ,bu*anan's ,oration ,c>ey's ,am]ican ,museum ,c>ol9a1 ,hi/ory ( ,*ann+ on ,slav]y ,*>ity1 amiable & t\*+6 ,*ilds' ,appeal ,civil ,code ( ,l\isiana ,clay's ,address to ,georgia ,presbyt]y ,colonization ,society's ,reports ,cornelius ,elias1 ,life ( ,davis's ,travels 9 ,l\isiana ,debates 9 ,virg9ia ,conv5tion ,dev]eux's ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,reports ,dew's ,review ( ,debates 9 ! ,virg9ia ,legislature ,edw>ds' ,s]mon ,emancipation 9 ! ,we/ ,indies ,emigrant's ,guide ?r\gh ! ,valley ( ,mississippi ,gales' ,congressional ,debates ,h>ris & ,johnson's ,reports ,haywood's ,manual ,hill's reports ,human ,rights ,james' ,dige/ ,jeff]son's ,notes ,josephus' ,hi/ory ,ju/9ian1 ,in/itutes ( ,k5net's ,roman ,antiquities ,laponn]ay's ,life ( ,robespi]re ,law ( ,slav]y ,laws ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,lel&'s necessity ( ,div9e ,revelation ,lett]s f ! ,s\?1 by ,j4,k4 ,pauld+ ,life ( ,elias ,cornelius ,l\isiana1 civil code ( 1 sket*es ( ,m>t9eau's ,h>riet1 ,society 9 ,am]ica ,m>t9's ,dige/ ( ! laws ( ,l\isiana ,m>yl& laws ( ,mead's ,j\rnal ,mississippi ,revis$ ,code ,miss\ri ,laws ,mod]n /ate ( ,spa9 by ,j4,f4 ,b\rgo+ ,montesquieu's ,_s ( ,laws ,necessity ( ,div9e ,revelation ,niles' ,baltimore ,regi/] ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,reports by ,dev]eaux ,oasis ,p>ri%'s rem>ks on slav]y ,pauld+'s lett]s f ! ,s\? ,paxton's lett]s on slav]y ,presbyt]ian ,synod1 ,report ( ,picture ( slav]y ,pr9ce's ,dige/ ,prison ,discipl9e ,society1 reports ( ,rank9's ,lett]s ,re$ & ,ma!son's visit to ,am4 *ur*es ,review ( ,nev9s' ,biblical ,antiquities ,rice1 spee* ( 9 ,k5tucky conv5tion ,robespi]re1 ,life ( ,rob9's travels ,roman ,antiquities ,slav]y's ,j\rnal ,slav]y & ! ,slave ,trade ,society 9 ,am]ica ,sewall's ,di>y ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,laws ( ,s\? v9dicat$ by ,drayton ,_s ( ,laws ,swa9's address ,/r\d's ,sket* ( ! ,slave ,laws ,taylor's ,agricultural ,essays ,travels 9 ,l\isiana ,tuck]'s ,black/one ,tuck]'s ,judge1 ,lett] ,turn]'s ,sacr$ ,hi/ory ( ! _w ,virg9ia ,legislature1 ,review ( ,debates 9 1 ,revis$ ,code 1 ,negro-rais+ /ate ,visit to ,am]ican *ur*es ,we/]n ,m$ical ,j\rnal ,we/]n ,m$ical ,re=m] ,we/]n ,review ,:eel]'s ,law ( slav]y ,wirt's ,life ( ,patrick ,h5ry ,woolman ,john1 ,life ( ,books ( slaves /ol5 ,borr[+ ( slaves ,b\rne1 ,george1 anecdote ( ,boy kill$ ,boys' fight to amuse _! driv]s ,b[ie ,knives ,boys' retort ,br&+s ,br&+ ) hot iron ,brasses ,bre$]s ,bre$+ ( slaves prev5t$ ,bre$+ w5*es comp>ative value ( ,bribes = begett+ slaves ,brick-y>ds ,brok5-w9d$ slaves ,brutality to slaves ,brutes & slaves treat$ alike ,burial ( slaves ,burn+ ( ,mc,intosh ,burn+ slaves ,burn+ ) hot iron ,burn+ ) smoo?+ irons ,but*]y ,c4 ,cab9s ( slaves ,ca*exia ,africana ,caligula ,c't believe ,capital ,crimes ,capta9 9 ! ,u4,s4 navy1 tri$ = murd] ,c>d+ ( ,slaves ,cat-haul+ ,cato ! ,j ,causes ( ! laws puni%+ cruelty to slaves ,*a9$ slave ,*a9s ,*anges 9 ! m>ket ,"* ( ,ov]se]s ,romans ,slave-driv]s ,*>le/on ,infirm>y at ,jail ,slave auctions ,surg]y at ,"w-h\se ,*a/ity puni%$ ,*ild-be>+ prev5t$ ,*ildbir? ( slaves ,*ildhood unprotect$ ,*ildr5 flogg$ nak$ ,*ok+ ( slaves ,*opp+ ( slaves piecemeal ,*ri/ian females tortur$ m>tyr slave-hunt+ slave-murd]] ,*ri/ian1 slave :ipp$ to dea? ,*ri/ians1 p]secutions ( slav]y among treat _! slaves l o!rs ,*ri/ian woman kidnapp$ ,*ronic diseases ,*ur*es1 abuse ( p[] 9 ,*ur* memb]s ,citiz5s sold z slaves ,civilization & morality ,cl>kson1 ,?omas ,claudius ,clem5s ,clo?+ = slaves ,cock-fight+ ,code ( ,l\isiana ,coll>s ( iron ,columbia1 di/rict ( fatal affray at ,com=t ( slaves disreg>d$ ,commodus ,concub9age ,condemn$ crim9als ,condition ( slaves ,conf9em5t at night ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates a be> g>d5 ,connecticut1 law (1 aga9/ ,quak]s ,con/ables1 "* ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great ,contempt ( human life ,contra/s ( b5evol5ce ,conv]sation betwe5 ,c4 & ,h ,conv]t$ slave ,cook+ = slaves ,correction mod]ate ,corrupt+ influ5ce ( slav]y ,cotton-pick+ ,cotton-plantations ,cotton se$ mix$ ) corn = food ,c\ncil ( ,nice ,c\rts1 decrees ( ,c[hides1 ) %ovel & tongs ,crack ( ! :ip he>d af> (f ,crimes ( slaves1 capital ,crim9als condemn$ ,cr++ ( ,nor!rn ,prea*]s ,cropp+ ( e>s ,crops = exportation ,cruelties1 common inflict$ ^u slaves ( ,cortez 9 ,mexico ,ov&o 9 ,hispaniola ,piz>ro 9 ,p]u ( slave-driv]s incr$ible ,cruel treatm5t ( slaves ! ma/]s' int]e/ ,cultivation ( rice ,cutt+ ( ,a4,t4 s ?roat by a ,presbyt]ian woman ,d4 ,d',almeydra1 ,donna ,sophia ,damag$ negroes b\ght ,d>l+ton ,c4,h41 ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,dauph9 ,isl&1 ,mobile ,bay ,dead or ,alive ,dead slave claim$ ,deaf slaves ,dea? at *ild bir? ,dea?-b$1 horrors ( a slave driv] ,dea? by viol5ce1 ,dea? ( a slave murd]] ,decrees ( ,c\rts ,decisions1 judicial ,decl>ations ( slavehold]s ,de=m$ slaves ,deliv]y ( a dead *ild f :ipp+ ,description ( slave driv]s1 by ,john ,r&olph ,despair ( slaves ,desp]ate affray ,despot ,dim5sum ( ,roman slaves ,diseas$ slaves ,dislocation ( bones ,di/rict ( ,columbia prisons 9 ,ditty ( slaves ,doe-faces--,d\gh-faces ,dogs provid$ = ,dogs to hunt slaves ,dome/ic slav]y ,domitian ,donnell1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,d\gh-faces ,driv]s ,driv+ ( slaves ,droves ( human cattle slaves ,duell+ ,dumb slaves ,dwell+s ( slaves ,dy+ slave ,dy+ "y wom5 ,e4 ,e>-cropp+ ,e>ly m>ket ,e>-not*+ ,e>-slitt+ ,eat+ tobacco worms ,effects ( public op9ion conc]n+ slav]y ,emancipation society ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,engli% ladies & g5tlem5 ,enormities ( slave driv]s ,ev5+s 9 ! ,negro qu>t] ,evid5ce ( slaves vs4 :ite p]sons null ,ewall1 ,m]ry ,examples plead$ 9 ju/ification ( cruelty to slaves ,ex*ange ( slaves ,exportation ( slave f ,virg9ia ,eyes /ruck out ,f4 ,fai? objectors :o c't believe ,fatal r5contre ,fault-f9d+ ,favorite amusem5ts ( slavehold]s ,fe>1 ! only motive ( slaves ,fea/ = slaves ,fe$+ insuffici5t ,feeble infants ,felonies on acc\nt ( slav]y p]petrat$ ) impunity ,female hypocrite ,female slave d]ang$ ,,female ,,slave ,,driv]s ,bur=d1 ,mrs4 ,c>t]1 ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,l4 ,*>le/on ,*>le/[n1 ,va ,galway1 ,mrs4 ,h>ris1 ,mrs4 ,h41 ,mrs4 ?roat cutt] ,laurie1 ,madame ,la ,mallix1 ,mrs4 ,mann1 ,mrs4 ,mabt91 ,mrs4 ,maxwell1 ,mrs4 ,mc,neil1 ,mrs4 ,morgan1 ,mrs4 ,newman1 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,p5ce1 ,mrs4 ,ph9ps1 ,mrs4 ,pr(essor ( religion ,ruffn]1 ,mrs4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,/>ky1 ,mrs4 ,swan1 ,mrs4 ,tea*] at ,*>le/on ,t41 ,mrs4 ,trip1 ,mrs4 ,truby1 ,mrs ,turn]1 ,mrs4 ,wal%1 ,s>ah ,female slave />v$ to dea? :ipp$ to dea? by a ,me?odi/ prea*] ,female /ripp$ by ord] ( h] mi/ress ,fett]s ,field-h&s ,light+ ( boys to amuse _! driv]s ,f9e old prea*] :o dealt 9 slaves ,f+]s cut (f ,flogg+ = unf9i%$ tasks ( *ildr5 pregnant wom5 until !y misc>ry slaves "y man ,flogg+s ,florida ,food1 k9ds ( ( slaves quality ( quantity ( ,free citiz5s /ol5 ,free woman kidnapp$ ,frequ5t murd]s ,fri5ds1 memorial ( ,front-tee? knock$ out ,fundam5tal rights de/roy$ ,g4 ,gadsd5 ,?omas ,n4 ,slave ,auctione] ,gagg+ ( slaves ,gall[ay flogg+ ,jo4 ,gambl+ on crops ,gambl+ slavehold] ,gang ( slaves ,g5]osity ( slavehold]s ,georgia ,girls' backs burnt ) smoo?+ irons ,girls' toe cut (f ,good treatm5t ( slaves ,gov]nor ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,%iraz ,gr& ,jury pres5tm5t (1 ,guilt9ess ( ,slav]y ,gun %ot w\nds ,h4 ,habits ( slave-driv]s ,hampton ,wade1 murd]] ( slaves ,h&cuffs ,h&s ti$ ,hang+ ( n9e slaves ,h>ris ,b5jam91 slave murd]] ,head f\nd ,head ( a runaway slave on a pole ,heal? ( slaves ,he>t ( slavehold]s ,h]d+ ( slaves ,hilton ,james1 slave murd]] ,hir$ slaves ,hir+ ( slaves ,horrible malady ,horrid but*]y ,horrors ( a slave-driv] at dea? ! middle passage ,horse-rac+ ,horses m c>$ = ?an slaves ,hospitality ( slavehold]s ,h\rs ( re/ "w ,hospital at ,new ,orleans ,h\se-slaves ,h\ses ( slaves ,h\se-w5* ,hovels ( slaves ,hugu5ots1 p]secution ( ,human cattle ,human rights aga9/ slav]y ,hung] ( slaves ,hunt] ( slaves ,hunt+ m5 ) dogs ,hunt+ ( slaves ,hunt1 ,rev4 ,?omas ,p4 ,husb& :ipp+ 8 wife ,huts ( slaves ,hymn-books se>*$ = ,hypocrisy ( vice ,i4 ,idiot slaves ,ignatius ,ignorance ( nor!rn citiz5s ( slav]y slavehold]s ,impunity ( kill+ slaves ,inadequate clo?+ ,income f hir+ slaves ,incorrigible slaves ,incr$ibility ( evid5ce aga9/ slav]y ,incr$ulity discr$itable to consi/5cy intellig5ce ,indec5cy ( slave-driv]s ,indiana ,legislature1 resolutions ( ,infant dr[n$ ,infant slaves ,infirm>y at ,*>le/on ,infliction ( pa9 ,inspection ( nak$ slaves ,int]cession = slaves ,int]e/ ( slavehold]s ,introduction ,iron coll>s ,iron fett]s ,iron head-front ,israelites 9 ,egypt ,j4 ,jewi% law ,joe flogg$ ,jones1 ,anson1 ,m9i/] f ,texas ,judicial decisions ,k4 ,k5tucky ,sunday morn+ ,kick+ ( slaves ,kidnapp]s ,kidnapp+ ,k9dness ( slavehold]s ,k9ds ( food ,k9d treatm5t ( slaves4 ,knives1 ,b[ie ,knock+ out ( tee? ,l4 ,labor1 h\rs ( ,labor ( slaves ,ladies ,b5evol5t ,society ,ladies flog ) c[hides ,ladies1 public op9ion kn[n by ,ladies use %ovel & tongs ,law conc]n+ slav]y ,law-mak+ ,laws1 ,georgia ,l\isiana ,m>yl& ,mississippi ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,_s ( ,t5nessee ,unit$ ,/ates ,virg9ia ,law1 safegu>ds ( tak5 f slaves ,law suit = a murd]$ slave1 ,legal re/ra9ts ,lic5ti\sness enc\rag$ by prea*]s ,lic5ti\sness ( slav$riv]s ,lie d[n = :ipp+1 ,life 9 ! ,s\?-we/1 ,lives ( slaves unprotect$ ,lodg+ ( slaves ,long1 8 cruelty ',loss ( prop]ty' ,l\isiana law ( sket*es (1 ,l\is ,,xiv4 ( ,france ,lov]s sev]$1 ,lunatic slaves ,lyn*+s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,lyn* ,law1 ,m4 ,maim$ slaves ,maim+s ,malady ( slaves ,manacl+ ( slaves ,maniac woman ,man sold by a ,presbyt]ian eld] ,man-/eal+ paid = ,m>riage unkn[n among slaves ,m>tyr = ,*ri/ ,m>yl& ,j\rnal ,m>yville ,intellig5c] ,massacre at ,antio* ,!ssalonica ,vicksburg ,ma/]s grant no r$ress to slaves ,mc,intosh1 burn+ ( ,maxim9 ,meals numb] ( ( slaves ,meat once a ye> ,m$iation = slaves ,m$ical att5dance college ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,infirm>y at ,*>le/on ,m$ic9e adm9i/]$ to slaves ,memb]s ( *ur*es ,memorial ( fri5ds ,m5ag]ie ( slaves ,m5 & wom5 :ipp$ ,me?odi/ color$ prea*] hung1 ,me?odi/ girl :ipp$ = h] *a/ity ,me?odi/ prea*]1 a slave deal] driv] woman cut (f a girl's toe ,me?od ( tak+ meals ,middle passage ,misc>riage ( wom5 at ! :ipp+ po/ ,mississippi ,miss\ri ,mi/resses flog slaves ,mobile ,mod]ate correction ,moors1 repulsion ( ,morgan1 ,william ,mormons ,mo!rs & babes sep>at$ ,mo!rs ( slaves ,mulatto *ildr5 9 all families ,multiply+ ( slaves ,murd]]s ( slaves tri$ & acquitt$ ,murd] ( slaves by law bad feel+ piece-meal e sev5 ye>s frequ5t ) impunity ,murd]s 9 ,alabama ,arkansas ,n4 ,nak$ *ildr5 ,dave females :ipp$ inspect$ ,m5 & wom5 at "w 9 a field ,nak$ness ( slaves ,nantz1 edict ( ',national slave-m>ket' ,nat*ez ,nat ,turn] ',negro ,head ,po9t ',negroes = sale ',negroes tak5 ,n]o ',nev] lose a day's "w' ,new ,engl&1 wit*es ( ,new ,orleans ,hospital ,new ,york1 ?irte5 p]sons burnt at ,nice1 c\ncil ( ',nigg] put 9 ! bill' ,night-conf9em5t ,night at a slavehold]'s h\se ,night 9 slave huts ,n9e slaves hang$ ,no m>riage among slaves ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,gov]nor ( ,legislature ( ,kidnapp]s ,nor!rn visitors to ! slave /ates ,no?+ c disgrace slave-driv]s ,novel torture ,nudity ( slaves ,nurs+ ( slave-*ildr5 ,o4 ,objections consid]$ ,ocra1 a slave-driv] ,oil+ ( a slave ,old age uncommon among slaves unprotect$ ,old dy+ slaves ,old settlem5t slaves ,oppressor av]sion ( to 8 slave ,outlawry ( slaves ,outrage\s ,felonies on acc\nt ( slav]y p]petrat$ ) impunity ,ov]se]s1 "* ( g5]ally arm$ no appeal f ,,ov]se]s ,,( ,,slaves-- ,alabama ,alex&] kill$ ,bellemont ,bell[s ,block5's ,bradley ,cormick's ,cruel to a prov]b ,f>r1 ,james ,gall[ay ,gibbs ,goo*l& ,me?odi/ prea*] ,milligan's ,b5d ,n[l&'s ,tune ,turn]'s c\s9 ,walk] ,ov]work+ ( slaves ,own]%ip ,( human be+s de/roys _! com=t4 ,p4 ,paddle torture ,paddle :ipp+ ,pa91 ! means ( slave driv]s ,pancake /icks ,p>5ts & *ildr5 sep>at$ ,p>lor-slaves ,p>ricide ?reat5$ ,patrol ,pay = begett+ mulatto slaves ,p]iodical pressure ,p]secution ( ,hugu5ots ,p]secution = religion ,,p]sonal ,,n>ratives ,philan?ropi/ ,philip ,,ii4 & ! ,moors ,physicians n employ$ = slaves ,physicians ( slaves ,physician's /atem5t ,pig-/ies m com=table ?an slave-huts ,plantations ,pleas = cruelty to slaves ,pl\ghs & :ips equally common ,pl9y ,poles1 ,russian clem5cy to ,polyc>p ,poor ,african slave ,portuguese slaves ,po?9us ,pray] ( slaves ,pray+ & slave-:ipp+ 9 ! same room ,pray+ slaves :ipp$ ,prea*] claims a dead slave ,prea*] hung ,prea*]s1 cr++ ( ,prea*]'s h&s ti$ ,prea*]s sil5c$ ,pregnant slaves :ipp$ ,presbyt]ian ,eld]s at ,lyn*burg ,presbyt]ian m9i/] kill$ 8 slave ,presbyt]ian slave-trad] ,presbyt]ian woman desiri\s to cut ,a4,t4's ?roat ,pres5tm5t ( ! ,gr& ,jury at ,*]aw ,pretexts = slav]y absurd ,prisons 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,prison slave ,,privations ,,( ,,! ,,slaves-- ,clo?+ ,dwell+s ,food ,k9ds ( food ,labor ,numb] ( meals ,quality ( food ,quantity ( food ,"t ( meals4 ,promiscu\s concub9age ,prop]ty 'loss (' ,protection ( slaves ,prote/ants 9 ,france ,provisions1 all[ance ( ,public op9ion de/roys fundam5tal rights1 diabolical protects ! slave ,puni%m5t ( slaves ,puni%m5ts ,pur*as+ a wife ,pury] ! devil ,putrid backs ( slaves ,q4 ,quality ( food ,quantity ( food ,r4 ,race ( slaves murd]$ e sev5 ye>s ,r&olph ,john w ( description ( slav$riv]s ,doe faces ,rations ,re>+ ( slaves ,relaxation1 no "t = ,religi\s p]secutions ,respect = woman lo/ ,re/1 h\rs ( ,re/ra9ts1 legal ,retort ( a boy ,rhode ,isl&1 kidnapp]s & pirates ( ,rice plantations ,ri*mond ,:ig ,rio ,janeiro slav]y at ,riot at ,nat*ez ,riots 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,robespi]re ,romans ,roman slav]y ,runaways ,,runaway ,,slaves-- ,adv]tisem5ts = ,bapti/ man & woman ,buri$ alive ,*ilton's ,conv]t$ ,dead or alive ,head on a pole ,hung ,hunt+ ( ,intellig5t man ,jim ,dragon ,luke ,man buri$ dragg$ by a horse maim$ murd]$ sev]e puni%m5ts ( %ot by ,bapti/ prea*] tak5 f jail ti$ & driv5 to 8 wife :ipp$ to dea? ,_m1 annually %ot ,i ,/all>d's man ,:ite ,pet] ,"y woman ,s4 ,sabba?1 a nom9al holiday ,safegu>ds ( ! law tak5 f slaves ,sale ( a man by a ,presbyt]ian eld] ,sale ( slaves ,savannah1 ,ga4 ,savannah slave-hunt] ,save u f our fri5ds ,sc>city1 times ( ,sc5es ( horror ,se>* = ,bibles & ,hymn books ,secret>y ( ! ,navy ,sep>ation ( slaves ,%ame unkn[n among nak$ slaves ,%oes = slaves ,sick1 treatm5t ( ,six p\nd paddle1 ,slack-jaw1 ,slave-bre$]s bre$+ ,slave-driv]s ackn[l$ge _! enormities "* ( ,,slavehold]s-- ,adams ,bapti/ prea*]s ,b>r ,baxt]1 ,george ,a ,baxt]1 ,john ,block]1 ,colonel ,bl\nt ,britt1 ,b5jam9 ,w4 ,burbeck] ,burvant1 ,mrs4 ,c4,a41 ,rev4 ,casey ,*ilton1 ,joseph ,clay ,c41 ,mr4 ,coop]1 ,*>ity ,curtis1 ,davis1 ,samuel ,dras1 ,h5ry ,delaw>e ,female hypocrite ,gautney1 ,joseph ,gayle1 ,gov]nor ,gov]nor ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,gre5 ,hampton1 ,wade ,h>ney1 ,william ,s4 ,h>ris1 ,b5jam9 ,james ,hayne1 ,gov]nor ,h$d+ ,h5rico c\nty1 ,va4 ,heyw>d1 ,na?aniel ,hughes1 ,philip ,o4 ,hut*9son ,hypocrite woman ,indec5cy ( ,jones ,jones1 ,h5ry ,lewis1 ,b5jam9 ,lewis1 ,i%am ,lewis1 ,lilburn ,lewis1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,long1 ,lucy ,long1 ,reub5 ,l41 ( ,ba?1 ,ky4 ,maclay1 ,john ,m>t91 ,rev4 ,james ,mat!ws' ,b5d ,m',coy ,m',cue1 ,john ,me?odi/ ,me?odi/ ,prea*]s ,m',neilly ,moresville ,morgan ,mosely1 ,william ,murd]] ,mu%at1 ,rev4 ,john ,nansemond1 ,va4 ,nat*ez plant] ,nelson1 ,alex&] ,ni*ols1 ( ,connecticut ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,ow5s1 ,judge ,pa9t] ,physician ,p9ckney1 ,h4,l4 ,presbyt]ian ,presbyt]ian m9i/]1 ,huntsville ,nor? ,c>ol9a prea*] ,pr(ess+ ,*ri/ian ,pury>1 ! ,devil ,r&olph1 ,john ,reiks1 ,micajah ,rodney ,ruffn] ,%eph]d1 ,s4,c4 ,%]rod1 ,b5 ,slaught]1 ,smi?1 ,judge ,sophi/ry ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,sp>ks1 ,william ,/all>d1 ,david ,/>ky1 ,swan1 ,john ,tea*] at ,*>le/on ,?ompson ,?orpe ,tripp1 ,james ,truly1 ,james ,turn]1 ,field+ ,s4 ,turn]1 uncle ( ,virg9ian1 ,wall ,watk9s1 ,billy ,watk9s1 ,rob]t ,h4 ,watson1 ,a4 ,w41 ,colonel ,webb1 ,c>roll ,pleasant ,we/'s uncle ,wid[ & daught]1 ,savannah riv] ,willis1 ,rob]t ,wilson1 ,william ,woman ,woman1 pr(essor ( religion1 ,slavehold]s ju/ify _! cruelties by example possess absolute p[] sophi/ry ( ,slavehold+ amusem5ts brutality indec5cy murd]]s religion ,slave-mo!rs1 plantations second only to hell ,slav]y among ,*ri/ians ,,slav]y ,,illu/rat$-- ,slave-auctions blocks ) nails boys fight to amuse _! driv]s1 br&+ bre$+ burn] burn+ ,slave-cab9s at night ,slave-*ildr5 nurs$ *ok+ clo?+ coll>s cook]y ,slave-ditty dogs driv]'s dea? lic5ti\sness ( driv+ fett]s food gagg+ gangs h&cuffs h]d+ ,slavehold]s1 civilization & morality ( decl>ations ( habits ( he>t ( hospitality ( int]e/ ( sophi/ry ( treat _! slaves well ,slavehold+ pr(essor ,slavehold+ religion ,slave-hovels hunt+ by ,*ri/ians ,slave imprison$ 9 *a9s 9 ! /ocks kick+ kill$1 & put 9 ! bill kill+ ) impunity labor manacles m>tyr meals mo!rs murd]]s1 tri$ & acquitt$ patrol physicians puni%m5ts ( ,slave qu>t]s1 ,slav]y1 code ( law respect+ among ,*ri/ians dome/ic guilt ( ( :ites public op9ion & effects ( unmix$ cruelty ,slave sell+ ,slaves av]sion ( to _! oppressors backs (1 putrid bl9d books ( se>*$ = br&$ brutality to burial ( c>d$ cat-haul+ ( com=t ( disreg>d$ deaf dead or alive de=m$ depriv$ ( e safegu>d ( ! law describ$ diseas$ dread to be sold = ! ,s\? dumb dy+ evid5ce ( aga9/ :ite p]sons null ex*ang$ report$ f ,virg9ia fe> _! only motive fea/$ & flogg$ hir$ idiots incorrigible infant 9 ! /ocks ,u4,s4 treatm5t ( lunatics maim$ m]*&ise multiply murd]$ by cottonse$ ov]work piece-meal />vation e sev5 ye>s frequ5tly ) impunity nak$ n treat$ z human be+s outlaw$ ov]work$ pray]s ( privations ( protection ( sale ( /ock surgeons ( tak+ m$ic9e tantaliz$ />vation ( tee? ( knock$ out ti$ up all night toe cut (f torm5ts ( travell+ 9 droves treat$ worse z !y are f>!r ,s\? treatm5t ( by ,*ri/ians "u ov]se]s wat*+ ( )\t r$ress %elt] work+ animals worn out worse treat$ ?an brutes w\nd$ by gun-%ot ,slave te/imony exclud$ tortur+ hypocrite trade ) ,africa trad+ honorable traffic ,slave ,murd]]s ,slave plantation ,slave usage contra/$ ) t ( animals ,slave :ipp+ ,slave yokes ,:ipp$ ,:ipp$ & burnt ,:ipp$ to dea? ,slaves treatm5t ( ,slave trade ,sleep+ 9 clo!s ,slitt+ ( e>s ,smoo?+ iron on girl's backs ,sophi/ry ( slavehold]s ,s\? ,c>ol9a laws ( m$ical college ,s\!rn dogs & horses ,sp>tan slav]y ,speece1 ,rev4 ,conrad oppos$ to emancipation ,_s ( laws ,spr+field1 ,s4,c4 ,/>vation ( a female slave slaves ,/atem5t ( a physician ,/ate1 abuse ( p[] 9 ,/eal+ ( freem5 ,/ev5son1 ,&rew1 lett] by ,/4 ,hel5a1 ,s4,c4 ,/illman's1 ,dr4 m$ical infirm>y at ,*>le/on ,/ocks = slaves ,/ock )\t %elt]3 ,subject ( pray] ,suff]+ ( slaves drives to despair & suicide ,sug>-plant]s ,suicide ( slaves ,suit = a dead slave murd]$ slave ,sunday morn+ 9 ,k5tucky ,surgeon ( slaves ,surg]y at ,*>le/on ,susceptibility ( pa9 ,t4 ,tann]'s oil p\r$ on a slave ,tantalis+ ( slaves ,tappan1 ,ar?ur ,t>r+ ( slaves ,taskwork ( slaves ,tee? knock$ out ,t5d] reg>d ( slavehold]s = slave ,t5nessee ,,te/imony4-- ,all51 ,rev4 ,william ,t4 ,av]y1 ,george ,a4 ,caulk9s1 ,nehemiah ,*ann+1 ,dr4 ,*ap91 ,rev4 ,william ,a4 ,*apman1 ,gordon ,cl]gyman ,cruelty to slaves ,dickey1 ,rev4 ,william ,drayton1 ,colonel ,gild]sleeve1 ,william ,c4 ,graham1 ,rev4 ,john ,grimk1 ,s>ah ,m4 ,hawley1 ,rev4 ,francis ,ide1 ,joseph ,jeff]son1 ,?omas ,macy1 ,f4,c4 ,reub5 ,g4 ,ri*>d ,t4,d4,m4 ,m\lton1 ,rev4 ,horace ,nelson1 ,john ,m4 ,new ,orleans ,( slaves exclud$ ,pauld+1 ,james ,k4 ,poe1 ,william ,p[el1 ,eleaz> ,sap+ton1 ,lemuel ,scales1 ,rev4 ,william ,secret>y ( ! ,navy ,smi?1 ,rev4 ,ph9eas ,summ]s1 ,mr4 ,virg9ian ,we/gate1 ,george ,w4 ,weld1 ,angel9a ,grimk ,:ite1 ,hiram ,wi/1 ,william ,texas ,!odosius ! ,great ,!ssalonica1 massacre at ,?umb-screws ,tib]ius ,"t = relaxation1 n all[$ ,times ( sc>city ,titus ,tobacco worms eat5 ,too? knock$ out ,tortures eulogiz$ by a pr(essor ( religion ,trad+ ) negroes ,traffic 9 slaves ,trajan ,treatm5t ( sick slaves ,treatm5t ( slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians1 little bett] ?an t ( brutes ,trial ( wom51--:ite & black1 ,trials = murd]+ slaves ,turki% slav]y ,turn]1 ,nat ,twelve slaves kill$ by ov]work ,tw5ty-sev5 hundr$ ?\s&s ( free-born citiz5s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ty+ up ( slaves at night ,tyrant ,uncle ,jack1 ,bapti/ prea*] ,"u g>m5ts n all[$ to slaves ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,laws ( ,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia ,untimely seasons ,usage ( slaves & brutes contra/$ ,vapid babbl+s ( slavehold]s ,vice1 hypocrisy ( ,vicksburg1 massacre ( ,virg9ia1 a slave m5ag]ie exportation ( slaves f ,univ]sity ( ,visitors to slave /ates ,vitellius ,wa%+ = slaves ,wa%+ton slav]y ! national slave m>ket ,we/ ,indian slaves ,:ip1 crack+ ( he>d at a di/ance ,:ipp$ to dea? ,,:ipp+-- ,*ildr5 ,e day ,females ,on ?ree plantations he>d at "o "t ,pregnant wom5 ,slaves ,slaves aft] a fea/ = pray+ ,) paddle ,wom5 ) pray] ,:ipp+-po/s ,:ips equally common on plantations z pl\ghs ,:ite or black2 trial ( ,:ites 9 slav]y ,:ite slave ,:olesale murd]s ,wife1 pur*ase ( a ,w ( ,john ,r&olph ,wilm+ton1 ,n4,c4 ,wit*es ( ,new-,engl& ,,witnesses4 ,abbot1 ,jordan ,abdie1 ,p4 ,adams1 ,mr4 ,african ,obs]v] ,alex&ria ,gazette ,allan1 ,rev4 ,william ,t4 ,al/on1 ,j4,a41 ,heirs ( ,alton ,telegraph ,alvis1 ,j4 ,&]son1 ,b5jam9 ,&rews1 ,pr(essor ,an?ony1 ,julius ,c4 ,antram1 ,jo%ua ,appleton1 ,john ,james ,arkansas ,advocate ,arm/rong1 ,william ,artop1 ,james ,a%=d1 ,j4,p4 ,augu/a ,*ronicle ,av]y1 ,george ,a4 ,ayle?orpe1 ,?omas ,bahi1 ,p4 ,bak]1 ,william ,baldw91 ,j4,g4 ,baldw91 ,jona?an ,f4 ,ball+]1 ,a4,s4 ,baltimore ,sun ,bapti/ ,deacon ,b>dwell1 ,rev4 ,william ,b>k]1 ,jacob ,b>n>d1 ,alonzo ,b>nes1 ,george ,w4 ,b>r1 ,james ,mrs4 ,rev4 ,hugh ,b>r]1 ,b4,g4 ,b>ton1 ,david ,w4 ,ri*>d ,w4 ,bateman1 ,william ,baton ,r\ge1 ,agricultural ,society ( ,bayli1 ,p4 ,beall1 ,samuel ,beasley1 ,a4,g4,a4 ,john ,c4 ,rob]t ,be5e1 ,jesse ,bell1 ,abraham ,samuel ,b5nett1 ,d4,b4 ,besson1 ,jacob ,bezon1 ,mr4 ,b+ham1 ,joel ,s4 ,birdseye1 ,ezekiel ,birney1 ,james ,g4 ,bi%op1 ,j4 ,blackwell1 ,samuel ,bl&1 ,r4,j4 ,bliss ,mayhew & ,co ,philemon1 ,bolton1 ,j4,l4 & ,w4,h4 ,b\d9ot1 ,tobias ,b\ld91 ,t4,t4 ,b\rgo+1 ,j4,f4 ,b\rne1 ,george ,bradley1 ,h5ry ,bragg1 ,?omas ,brasseale1 ,w4,h4 ,brew/]1 ,j>vis ,bro!rs1 ,m5>d ,brove1 ,a4 ,br[n1 ,j4,a4 ,john ,rev4 ,abel ,william ,bruce ,mr4 ,bu*anan1 ,dr4 ,buckels1 ,william ,d4 ,burvant1 ,madame ,burwell ,bu%1 ,moses ,e4 ,bu/]1 ,mr4 ,butt1 ,moses ,byrn1 ,samuel ,h4 ,calv]t1 ,rob]t ,c>ney1 ,r4,p4 ,c>ol9a1 ,hi/ory ( ,c>t]1 ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,caulk9s1 ,nehemiah ,*ann+1 ,dr4 ,*ap91 ,rev4 ,william ,a4 ,*apman1 ,b4,f4 ,g>don ,*>le/on ,c\ri] ,m]cury ,patriot ,*]ry1 ,john ,w4 ,*ild1 ,david ,l4 ,mrs4 ,*\les1 ,rev4 ,john ,o4 ,citiz5s ( ,onsl[ ,cl>k1 ,w4,g4 ,cl>ke ,john ,clay1 ,h5ry1 ,?omas ,cl5d]son1 ,b5jam9 ,cl]gyman ,coates ,l9dley ,cobb1 ,w4,d4 ,colborn1 ,j4,l4 ,cole1 ,na?an ,coleman1 ,h4 ,colonization ,society ,columbian ,inquir] ,comegys1 ,gov]nor ,congress1 ,memb] ( ,connecticut1 ,m$ical ,society ( ,con/ant1 ,dr4 ,cooke1 ,ow5 ,cook1 ,giles ,h4,l4 ,coop]1 ,?omas ,cornelius1 ,rev4 ,elias ,corn]1 ,*>les ,l4,e4 ,cotton plant]e ,c[les1 ,mrs4 ,m>y ,rev4 ,sylve/] ,craige1 ,*>les ,crane1 ,william ,crut*field1 ,?omas ,cuggy1 ,t4 ,curtis1 ,mr4 ,rev4 ,john ,h4 ,cuyl]1 ,j4 ,daniel & ,goodman ,d>i5 ,telegraph ,davidson1 ,rev4 ,patrick ,davis1 ,john ,davis1 ,b5jam9 ,dean1 ,je?ro ,?omas ,demm+1 ,dr4 ,d5s]1 ,t4,s4 ,d]bigny1 ,judge ,dew1 ,philip ,a4 ,presid5t ,dickey1 ,rev4 ,james ,h4 ,william ,dick9son1 ,mr4 ,dillahunty1 ,john ,h4 ,doddridge1 ,philip ,dorrah1 ,james ,d[nman1 ,mrs4 ,lucy ,m4 ,d\glas1 ,rev4 ,j4,w4 ,drake & ,?omson ,drayton1 ,colonel ,dr[n1 ,william ,dudley1 ,rev4 ,john ,duggan1 ,john ,dunn1 ,john ,l4 ,dunham1 ,jacob ,durell1 ,judge ,durett1 ,francis ,du/91 ,w4 ,dy]1 ,william ,ea/man1 ,rev4 ,d4,b4 ,eaton1 ,g5]al ,william ,edmunds1 ,ni*olas ,edw>ds1 ,f4,l4,c4 ,presid5t ,junior ,ellison1 ,samuel ,ellis1 ,orr5 ,ellswor?1 ,elijah ,emancipation ,society ( ,n4,c4 ,engli%1 ,walt] ,r4 ,evans1 ,r4,a4 ,ev]ett1 ,william ,faulkn]1 ,mr4 ,fayetteville ,obs]v] ,f]n&ez & ,:it+ ,f9ley1 ,james ,c4 ,r4,s4 ,fi%]s1 ,e4,h4 & ,i4 ,fitzhugh1 ,william ,h4 ,=d1 ,john ,fo/]1 ,francis ,fox1 ,john ,b4 ,foy1 ,eno* ,francisville ,*ronicle ,frankl9 ,republican ,fr$]ick1 ,john ,fri5ds1 ,ye>ly ,meet+ ( ,full]1 ,isaac ,c4 ,full]ton1 ,g4,s4 ,furman1 ,b4 ,gadsd51 ,?omas ,n4 ,ga9es1 ,rev4 ,ludwell1 ,g4 ,gales1 ,joseph ,g>cia1 ,h5rico ,y4 ,g>l&1 ,maurice ,h4 ,gates1 ,se? ,m4 ,gayle1 ,john ,georget[n ,union ,georgia ,con/itutionali/ ,j\rnal ,georgian ,gholson1 ,mr4 ,gidd+s1 ,mr4 ,gilb]t1 ,e4,w4 ,gild]/]re1 ,william ,c4 ,glidd51 ,mr4 ,goode1 ,mr4 ,g\rd5 & ,co4 ,grace1 ,byrd ,m4 ,graham1 ,rev4 ,john ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gr& ,gulf ,adv]tis] ,graham1 ,jehab ,gray1 ,abraham ,gre5e1 ,r4,a4 ,gre51 ,james ,r4 ,gregory1 ,ossian ,gridley1 ,h4 ,grimk1 ,s>ah ,m4 ,grosv5or4 ,rev4 ,cyrus ,p4 ,guex1 ,d4,f4 ,gunnell1 ,john ,j4,h4 ,gu?rie1 ,a4,a4 ,guyl]1 ,j4 ,halley1 ,pre/on ,hall1 ,samuel ,han1 ,e4 ,h&1 ,john ,h4 ,hansbor\gh1 ,william ,hanson1 ,pet] ,h>d+1 ,n4,h4 ,h>man1 ,samuel ,h>rison1 ,g5]al ,w4,h4 ,h>t1 ,f4,a4 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,h>vey1 ,j4 ,hawley1 ,david ,rev4 ,francis ,hayne1 ,g5]al ,r4,y4 ,h5d]son1 ,john ,judge ,h5dr51 ,h4 ,h]r+1 ,d4 ,dr4 ,hit*cock1 ,judge ,hite1 ,s4,n4 ,hodges1 ,b4,w4 ,rev4 ,coleman ,s4 ,holcombe1 ,john ,p4 ,holmes1 ,george ,home1 ,fr$]ick ,hon]ton1 ,philip ,hopk9s1 ,rev4 ,h5ry ,t4 ,horsey1 ,out]bridge ,h\gh1 ,rev4 ,joseph ,h\/\n1 ,edw>d ,hudnall1 ,?omas ,hughes1 ,b5jam9 ,hunt1 ,john ,rev4 ,?omas ,p4 ,hussey1 ,george ,p4,c4 ,hu/on1 ,felix ,hut*+s1 ,a4,j4 ,ide1 ,joseph ,indiana1 ,legislature ( ,jackson1 ,/eph5 ,m4 ,telegraph ,james1 ,joseph ,j>nett1 ,james ,t4 ,de ,j>vett1 ,james ,t4 ,jeff]son1 ,?omas ,j5k9s1 ,john ,jett1 ,m>%all ,johnson1 ,bryant ,cornelius ,isaac ,josiah ,s4 ,jolley1 ,j4,l4 ,jones1 ,alex&] ,anson ,hill ,james ,r4,h4 ,w4 ,jeff]son ,j\rdan1 ,gre5 ,b4 ,judd1 ,d4 ,mrs4 ,nancy ,keeton1 ,g4,w4 ,k5n$y1 ,john ,k5tucky1 ,synod ( ,keph>t1 ,george ,k]n91 ,*>les ,keyes1 ,will>d ,kimball & ,?ome ,george ,kimbor\gh1 ,james ,k+1 ,*>les ,john ,h4 ,nehemiah ,knapp1 ,h5ry ,e4 ,isaac ,kyle1 ,fr$]ick ,james ,lacy1 ,!odore ,a4 ,ladd1 ,william ,la9s1 ,o4,w4 ,lambe?1 ,william ,l4 ,lambre1 ,mr4 ,lancette1 ,r4 ,langhorne1 ,scruggs & ,cook ,l>rim]1 ,?omas ,latim]1 ,w4,k4 ,lawless1 ,judge ,lawy]1 ,zadok ,l$)1 ,?omas ,leftwi*1 ,william ,lemes1 ,f]d9& ,lev]i* & ,co4 ,lewis1 ,kirkman ,lex+ton ,intellig5c] ,obs]v] ,little1 ,mrs4 ,sophia ,l(lano1 ,hazlet ,long1 ,joseph ,loomis1 ,h5ry ,h4 ,lor+1 ,r4 ,?omas ,l\isville ,report] ,l[ry1 ,mrs4 ,nancy ,lum9ais1 ,a4 ,lyman1 ,judge ,rev4 ,h4 ,maco91 ,j4 ,macon ,mess5g] ,telegraph ,macy1 ,f4,c4 ,reub5 ,g4 ,ri*>d ,t4,d4,m4 ,magee1 ,william ,males1 ,h5ry ,maltby1 ,/eph5 ,e4 ,mann+1 ,p4,t4 ,m>ietta ,college1 /ud5t ( ,m>ks1 ,james ,m>riott1 ,*>les ,m>%all1 ,john ,t4 ,m>t9eau1 ,h>riet ,m>yl& ,j\rnal ,m>yville ,intellig5c] ,mason1 ,samuel ,ma?ieson1 ,rev4 ,james ,may1 ,rev4 ,samuel ,j4 ,mc,cue1 ,moses ,mc,donnell1 ,james ,mc,gehee1 ,edw>d ,j4 ,mc,gregor1 ,h5ry ,m4 ,mc,murrain1 ,john ,mead ,:itman ,m$ical ,college ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,memphis ,gazette ,inquir] ,m5efee1 ,r4,h4 ,m5zies1 ,judge ,m]c]1 ,mr4 ,metcalf1 ,asa ,b4 ,middleton1 ,mr4 ,miles1 ,lemuel ,mill$geville ,j\rnal ,record] ,mill]1 ,c4 ,m9i/] f ,texas1 ,a4 ,jones ,m9or1 ,w4,i4 ,miss\ri ,republican ,mit*ell1 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,mit*ell1 ,isaac ,m',neilly ,mobile ,adv]tis] ,exam9] ,regi/] ,mong91 ,r4,p4,t4 ,montesquieu ,montgom]y1 ,w4,h4 ,moore1 ,mr4 ,va4 ,moorhead1 ,john ,h4 ,morris1 ,e4,w4 ,m\lton1 ,rev4 ,horace ,moyne ,dr4 ,f4 ,julius ,le ,muggridge1 ,mat!w ,muir ,j4,g4 ,murat ,a4 ,murphy ,s4,b4 ,napi] ,t4 & ,l4 ,nat*ez ,c\ri] ,daily ,free ,trade ,national ,intellig5c] ,nelson ,dr4 ,david ,john ,m4 ,nesbitt ,wilson ,newb]n ,s5t9el ,spectator ,new ,hamp%ire1 legislature ( ,newman ,mrs4 ,b4 ,new ,orleans ,argus ,bee ,bullet9 ,c\ri] ,kidnapp+ at ,m]cantile ,adv]tis] ,po/ ,new ,york ,am]ican ,sun ,neyle ,s4 ,ni*olas ,judge ,nicoll ,rob]t ,niles ,hezekiah ,noe ,james ,norfolk ,beacon ,h]ald ,n4,c4 ,lit]>y & ,comm]cial-,/&>d ,n4,c4 ,j\rnal ,n\rse ,rev4 ,james ,nye ,horace ,o',byrne ,o',connell ,daniel ,oliv] ,colonel ,o',neill ,pet] ,onsl[1 ,citiz5s ( ,orme ,moses ,o',rorke ,john ,ov]/reet1 ,ri*>d ,ov]/reet1 ,william ,ow51 ,capta9 ,n4,f4 ,ow51 ,john ,w4 ,ow5s1 ,j4,g4 ,p>ri%1 ,john ,p>rott1 ,dr4 ,patt]son1 ,willie ,pauld+1 ,james ,k4 ,peacock1 ,jesse ,p]ry1 ,?omas ,c4 ,pet]sburg ,con/ellation ,philan?ropi/ ,pick>d1 ,j4,s4 ,p9ckney1 ,h4,l4 ,p9kney1 ,william ,plant]'s ,intellig5c] ,plant]s ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,poe1 ,william ,port]1 ,mr4 ,portsm\? ,times ,p[ell1 ,eleaz> ,presbyt]ian eld] ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pr+le1 ,?omas ,prit*>d1 ,william ,h4 ,probate sale ,purdon1 ,james ,ragl&1 ,samuel ,raleigh ,regi/] ,ral/on1 ,samuel ,r&all1 ,j4,b4 ,r&olph1 ,john ,riadolph1 ,?omas ,mann ,rank91 ,rev4 ,john ,rascoe1 ,william ,d4 ,rawl9s1 ,samuel ,rawor?1 ,egb]t ,a4 ,r$d5 ,j4,v4 ,r$ ,riv] ,:ig ,re$1 ,rev4 ,&rew ,re$1 ,william ,h4 ,reese1 ,eno* ,re9s1 ,ri*>d ,reeves1 ,w4,p4 ,r5%aw ,rev4 ,c4,s4 ,rhodes1 ,durant ,h4 ,rice1 ,h4,w4 ,rice1 ,rev4 ,david ,ri*>dson1 ,g4,c4 ,ri*>ds1 ,james ,k4 ,ri*>ds1 ,moses ,r4 ,ri*>ds1 ,/eph5 ,m4 ,ri*mond ,compil] ,ri*mond ,inquir] ,ri*mond ,:ig ,ricks1 ,micajah ,riley1 ,w4 ,ripley1 ,george ,b4 ,roa*1 ,philip ,robb9s1 ,welcome ,h4 ,rob>ts1 ,william ,rob]ts1 ,j4,h4 ,rob91 ,c4,c4 ,rob9son1 ,n4,m4,c4 ,rob9son1 ,william ,roebuck1 ,george ,rog]s1 ,n4,p4 ,rog]s1 ,?omas ,ross1 ,abn] ,r[l&1 ,john ,a4 ,ruff91 ,judge ,russel1 ,b5jam9 ,russel1 ,w4 ,rymes1 ,littlejohn ,sadd1 ,rev4 ,joseph ,m4 ,salvo1 ,conrad ,sap+ton1 ,lemuel ,saund]s1 ,james ,savage1 ,rev4 ,?omas ,savannah ,georgian ,savannah ,republican ,savory1 ,william ,scales1 ,rev4 ,william ,s*midt1 ,l\is ,scott1 ,rev4 ,orange ,scott1 ,william ,scriv5]1 ,j4 ,seabrook1 ,:itm>% ,b4 ,secret>y ( ! navy ,self] ,s5ator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,sevi]1 ,ambrose ,h4 ,sewall1 ,/eph5 ,%aft]1 ,m4,m4 ,%ei?1 ,m4,j4 ,%ield & ,walk] ,%ields1 ,polly ,c4 ,%rop%ire1 ,david ,simmons1 ,b4,c4 ,simpson1 ,john ,siz]1 ,r4,w4 ,sk9n]1 ,w4 ,slavehold]s ,smi?1 ,bi%op ( ,k5tucky ,smi?1 ,g]rit ,smi?1 ,pr(essor ,smi?1 ,rev4 ,ph9eas ,smy?1 ,alex&] ,sn[1 ,h5ry ,h4 ,sn[d51 ,j4 ,sn[d51 ,rev4 ,samuel ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 legislature ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,m$ical ,college ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,slavehold] ( ,s\!rn ,argus ,s\!rn ,*ri/ian ,h]ald ,s\!rn] ,s\?mayd1 ,rev4 ,daniel ,s4 ,spillman1 ,mr4 ,/ansell1 ,william ,/aughton1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/aunton ,spectator ,/eams & ,co4 ,/ev5son1 ,&rew ,/ew>t1 ,samuel ,/illmam1 ,dr4 ,/i?1 ,w4 & ,a4 ,/one1 ,asa ,a4 ,/one1 ,silas ,/one1 ,william ,l4 ,/rickl&1 ,william ,/r\d1 ,george ,m4 ,/u>t1 ,*>les ,summ]s1 ,mr4 ,swa91 ,b4 ,synod ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia ,t>t1 ,john ,tate1 ,calv9 ,h4 ,taylor1 ,james ,h4 ,john ,lawton1 & ,co4 ,texan m9i/]1 ,anson ,jones ,?at*]1 ,colonel ,?ome & ,kimball ,?ome1 ,james ,a4 ,?ompson1 ,h5ry ,p4 ,?omson1 ,mr4 1 ,s&=d ,todd1 ,r4,s4 ,tol]1 ,william ,tol91 ,cornelius ,d4 ,t[ns5d1 ,ely 1 ,samuel ,tuck]1 ,judge ,turnbull1 ,rob]t ,turn]1 ,john 1 ,john ,d4 1 ,l4 ,t>ton1 ,s4,b4 ,tuscaloosa ,flag ( ! ,union ,up%]1 ,judge ,u/ick1 ,william ,a4 ,vance1 ,john ,van ,bur51 ,m>t9 ,v>illat1 ,h4 ,vicksburg ,regi/] ,virg9ia ,m9i/] ,virg9ian ,walk]1 ,john ,walton1 ,george 1 ,john ,w4 ,wal%1 ,s>ah ,wa%+ton ,globe ,waugh1 ,dr4 ,j]emiah ,s4 ,weld1 ,angel9a ,grimk ,wells1 ,?omas ,j4 ,we/ ,eli ,we/]n ,lum9>y ,m$ical ,j\rnal ,re=m] ,review ,we/gate1 ,george ,w4 ,:itbread1 ,samuel ,:itefield1 ,george 1 ,ne$ham ,:itehead1 ,c4,c4 1 ,w4,w4 ,:ite1 ,hiram ,wightman1 ,rev4 ,william ,m4 ,wilb]=ce1 ,w4 ,wilk9s1 ,c4,w4 ,wilk9son1 ,alfr$ ,williams1 ,george ,w4 ,willis1 ,rob]t ,willis1 ,william ,wilm+ton ,adv]tis] ,wilson1 ,rev4 ,joseph ,g4 ,w9*e/] ,virg9ian ,wirt1 ,william ,wisn]1 ,f4 ,)]spoon1 ,dr4 ,woodw>d1 ,j]emiah ,woolman1 ,john ,wotton1 ,john ,wright1 ,mr4 ,yamp]t1 ,t4,j4 ,de ,ye>ly meet+ ( ,fri5ds ,woman dy+ flogg$ because h] *ild di$ maniac no respect = ,wom5 at *ildbir? ! same labor ) m5 "w misc>ry "u ! :ip n bre$+ pregnant :ipp$ sev]e :ipp]s ( slaves slaves ,workh\se at ,*>le/on ,work+ h\rs ( slaves ,worn-out slaves ,worse & worse ,wor%ip ( ,god prohibit$ ,w\nds by gun%ot ,wright ,isaac ,yokes = slaves ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 ,no4 #aj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spee* ( ,,hon4 ,,?omas ,,morris1 ,,( ,,ohio1 ,,9 ,,reply ,,to ,,! ,,spee* ,,( ,,! ,,hon4 ,,h5ry ,,clay4 ,,9 ,,s5ate1 ,,febru>y #i1 #ahci4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet3 #ahci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is ,no4 conta9s #b-a_/b %eets4--,po/age1 "u #ajj miles1 #d cts4 ov] #ajj1 #g cts4 ,please ,read & circulate4 ,,spee* 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mr4 ,,presid5t--,i rise to pres5t = ! consid]ation ( ! ,s5ate1 num]\s petitions sign$ by1 n only citiz5s ( my own ,/ate1 b citiz5s ( sev]al o!r ,/ates1 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,mi*igan1 ,ill9ois1 & ,indiana4 ,^! petition]s1 am\nt+ 9 numb] to sev]al ?\s&1 h ?\ght prop] to make me _! organ1 9 communicat+ to ,congress _! op9ions & wi%es on subjects :i*1 to !m1 appe> ( ! highe/ importance4 ,^! petitions1 sir1 are on ! subject ( slav]y1 ! slave trade z c>ri$ on )9 & f ?is ,di/rict1 ! slave trade betwe5 ! diff]5t ,/ates ( ?is ,conf$]acy1 betwe5 ?is c\ntry & ,texas1 & aga9/ ! admission ( t c\ntry into ! ,union1 & also aga9/ t ( any o!r ,/ate1 ^: con/itution & laws recognise or p]mit slav]y4 ,i take ?is opportunity to pres5t all ^! petitions toge!r1 hav+ deta9$ "s ( !m = a consid]able "t 9 my h&s1 9 ord] t z small a portion ( ! att5tion ( ! ,s5ate might be tak5 up on _! acc\nt z w\ld be consi/5t ) a /rict reg>d to ! rights ( ! petition]s4 ,& ,i n[ pres5t !m "u ! mo/ peculi> circum/ances t h ev] probably transpir$ 9 ?is or any o!r c\ntry4 ,i pres5t !m on ! heel ( ! petitions :i* h be5 pres5t$ by ! ,s5ator f ,k5tucky ,mr4 ,clay sign$ by ! inhabitants ( ?is ,di/rict1 pray+ t ,congress w\ld n receive petitions on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 f any body ( m5 or citiz5s1 b !mselves4 ,?is is some?+ new2 x is "o ( ! devices ( ! slave p[]1 & mo/ extraord9>y 9 itself4 ,^! petitions ,i am b\nd 9 duty to pres5t--a duty :i* ,i *e]fully p]=m1 = ,i consid] x n only a duty b an honor4 ,! respectable names :i* ^! petitions be>1 & be+ aga9/ a practice :i* ,i z deeply deprecate & deplore z !y c possibly d1 yet ,i well "k ! fate ( ^! petitions2 & ,i also "k ! "t1 place1 & disadvantage "u :i* ,i pres5t !m4 ,9 avail+ myself ( ?is opportunity to expla9 my own views on ?is agitat+ topic1 & to expla9 & ju/ify ! "* & proce$+s ( ^! petition]s1 x mu/ be obvi\s to all t ,i am surr\nd$ ) no ord9>y disc\ragem5ts4 ,! /rong prejudice :i* is ev9c$ by ! petition]s ( ! ,di/rict1 ! unwill+ness ( ! ,s5ate to he>1 ! p[] :i* is array$ aga9/ me on ?is occasion1 z well z 9 opposition to ^? ^: rights ,i am anxi\s to ma9ta92 oppos$ by ! v lions ( debate 9 ?is body1 :o are *e]$ on by an applaud+ gall]y & surr\nd+ int]e/s1 is en\gh to produce dismay 9 "o f> m able & eloqu5t ?an ! lone & humble individual :o n[ addresses y4 ,:at1 sir1 c !re be to induce me to appe> on ?is public ar5a1 oppos$ by su* p[]ful odds8 ,no?+1 sir1 no?+ b a /rong s5se ( duty1 & a deep conviction t ! cause ,i advocate is j2 t ! petition]s :om ,i repres5t are hone/1 upright1 intellig5t & respectable citiz5s2 m5 :o love _! c\ntry1 :o are anxi\s to promote its be/ int]e/s1 & :o are actuat$ by ! pure/ patriotism1 z well z ! deepe/ philan?ropy & b5evol5ce4 ,9 repres5t+ su* m51 & 9 su* a cause1 ?\gh by ! mo/ feeble means1 "o w\ld suppose t1 on ! floor ( ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ord]1 & a dec5t respect to ! op9ions ( o!rs1 w\ld prevail4 ,f ! causes :i* ,i h m5tion$1 ,i c h>dly hope = ?is4 ,i expect to proce$ ?r\gh sc5es :i* ill become ?is hall2 b no?+ %all det] me f a full & fai?ful dis*>ge ( my duty on ?is important occasion4 ,p]mit me1 sir1 to rem9d g5tlem5 t ,i h be5 n[ six ye>s a memb] ( ?is body4 ,i h seldom1 p]haps too seldom1 9 ! op9ion ( _m ( my con/itu5ts1 press$ myself ^u ! notice ( ! ,s5ate1 & tak5 up _! "t 9 useless & w9dy debate4 ,i "q v mu* if ,i h occupi$ ! "t ( ! ,s5ate dur+ ! six ye>s z "s g5tlem5 h dur+ six weeks1 or ev5 six days4 ,i hope1 !re=e1 t ,i %all n be ?\ght obtrusive1 or *>g$ ) tak+ up "t ) abolition petitions4 ,i hope1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 to he> no m ab\t agitat+ ?is slave "q "h4 ,:o has began ! agitation n[8 ,! ,s5ator f ,k5tucky ,mr4 ,clay4 ,:o has respond$ to t agitation1 & congratulat$ ! ,s5ate & ! c\ntry on its results8 ,! ,s5ator f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,mr4 ,calh\n4 ,& pray1 sir1 "u :at circum/ances is ?is agitation begun8 ,let x be rememb]$1 let u collect ! facts f ! records on y\r table1 t :5 ,i1 z a memb] ( ?is body1 b a few days s9ce (f]$ a resolution z ! f\ndation ( proce$+s on ^! petitions1 g5tlem51 z if op]at$ on by an electric %ock1 sprung f _! seats & object$ to its introduction4 ,& :5 y1 sir1 decid$ t x 0 ! "r ( e memb] to introduce su* motion or resolution z he pleas$1 be+ responsible to 8 con/itu5ts & ?is body = ! abuse ( ?is "r1 g5tlem5 seem$ to wond] t ! ,s5ate _h no p[] to prev5t ! action ( "o ( its memb]s 9 cases l ?is1 & ! poor privilege ( hav+ ! resolution pr9t$1 by ord] ( ! ,s5ate1 0 d5i$4 ,let ! ,s5ator f ,s\? ,c>ol9a be=e me rememb] t1 at ! la/ session1 :5 he (f]$ resolutions on ! subject ( slav]y1 !y 7 n only receiv$ )\t objection1 b pr9t$1 vot$ on1 & decid$2 & let ! ,s5ator f ,k5tucky reflect1 t ! petition :i* he (f]$ aga9/ our "r1 0 also receiv$ & ord]$ to be pr9t$ )\t a s+le diss5t+ voice2 & ,i call on ! ,s5ate & ! c\ntry to rememb]1 t ! resolutions :i* ,i h (f]$ on ! same subject h n only be5 refus$ ! pr9t+1 b h be5 laid on ! table )\t be+ debat$1 or ref]r$4 ,po/]ity1 :i* %all read ! proce$+s ( ?is "t1 may well wond] :at p[] c\ld induce ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to proce$ 9 su* a /range & contradictory mann]4 ,p]mit me to tell ! c\ntry n[ :at ?is p[] beh9d ! ?rone1 great] ?an ! ?rone itself1 is4 ,x is ! p[] ( ,,slav]y4 ,x is a p[]1 accord+ to ! calculation ( ! ,s5ator f ,k5tucky1 :i* owns twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s 9 human be+s z prop]ty2 & if money is p[]1 ?is p[] is n to be conceiv$ or calculat$2 a p[] :i* claims human prop]ty m ?an d\ble ! am\nt :i* ! :ole money ( ! _w c\ld pur*ase4 ,:at c /& be=e ?is p[]8 ,tru?1 ev]la/+ tru?1 w yet ov]?r[ x4 ,?is p[] is aim+ to gov]n ! c\ntry1 its con/itutions & laws2 b x is n c]ta9 ( success1 trem5d\s z x is1 )\t =eign or o!r aid4 ,let x be borne 9 m9d t ! ,bank p[]1 "s ye>s s9ce1 dur+ :at has be5 call$ ! panic session1 _h influ5ce suffici5t 9 ?is body1 & ^u ?is floor1 to prev5t ! reception ( petitions aga9/ ! action ( ! ,s5ate on _! resolutions ( c5sure aga9/ ! ,presid5t4 ,! c\ntry took in/ant al>m1 & ! political complexion ( ?is body 0 *ang$ z soon z possible4 ,! same p[]1 ?\gh d\ble 9 means & 9 /r5g?1 is n[ do+ ! same ?+4 ,?is is ! array ( p[] t ev5 n[ is attempt+ su* an unw>rantable c\rse 9 ?is c\ntry2 & ! p are also n[ mov+ aga9/ ! slave1 z !y =m]ly did aga9/ ! ,bank p[]4 ,x1 too1 beg9s to tremble = its safety4 ,:at is to be done8 ,:y1 petitions are receiv$ & ord]$ to be pr9t$1 aga9/ ! "r ( petitions :i* are n receiv$1 & ! :ole p[] ( debate is ?r[n into ! scale ) ! slavehold+ p[]4 ,b all w n d2 ^! two p[]s mu/ n[ be unit$3 an amalgamation ( ! black p[] ( ! ,s\? ) ! :ite p[] ( ! ,nor? mu/ take place1 z ei!r1 sep>ately1 _c succe$ 9 ! de/ruction ( ! lib]ty ( spee* & ! press1 & ! "r ( petition4 ,let me tell g5tlem51 t bo? unit$ w nev] succe$2 z ,i said on a =m] day1 ,god =bid t !y %\ld ev] rule ?is c\ntry6 ,i h se5 ?is bill+ & coo+ betwe5 ^! diff]5t int]e/s = "s "t pa/2 ,i in=m$ my private fri5ds ( ! political p>ty ) :i* ,i h h]et(ore act$1 dur+ ! fir/ week ( ?is session1 t ^! p[]s 7 =m+ a union to ov]?r[ ! pres5t adm9i/ration2 & ,i w>n$ !m ( ! folly & mis*ief !y 7 do+ 9 _! abuse ( ^? :o 7 oppos$ to slav]y4 ,all d\bts are n[ t]m9at$4 ,! display made by ! ,s5ator f ,k5tucky1 ,mr4 ,clay1 & 8 d5unciations ( ^! petition]s z abolitioni/s1 & ! he>ty response & cordial embrace :i* 8 ef=ts met f ! ,s5ator f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,mr4 ,calh\n1 cle>ly %[s t new moves h tak5 place on ! political *essbo>d1 & new coalitions are =m$1 new compromises & new b>ga9s1 settl+ & dispos+ ( ! rights ( ! c\ntry = ! advantage ( political aspirants4 ,! g5tleman f ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,mr4 ,calh\n seem$1 at ! conclusion ( ! argum5t made by ! ,s5ator f ,k5tucky1 to be fill$ n only ) delight b ) ec/asy4 ,he told u1 t ab\t twelve mon?s s9ce ,,he _h (f]$ a resolution :i* turn$ ! tide 9 favor ( ! great pr9ciple ( ,/ate rights1 & says he is highly pleas$ ) ! c\rse tak5 by ! ,k5tucky ,s5ator4 ,all is n[ safe by ! acts ( t ,s5ator4 ,! ,s\? is n[ consolidat$ z "o man2 x 0 a great epo* 9 our hi/ory1 b we h n[ pass$ x2 x is ! beg9n+ ( a moral revolution2 slav]y1 s f> f be+ a political evil1 is a great bless+2 bo? races h be5 improv$ by x2 & t abolition is n[ ,,dead1 & w soon be =gott54 ,s f> ! ,s5ator f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 z ,i und]/& him4 ,b1 sir1 is ?is really ! case8 ,is ! ,s\? unit$ z "o man1 & is ! ,s5ator f ,k5tucky ! great c5tre ( attraction8 ,:at a lesson to ! fri5ds ( ! pres5t ,adm9i/ration1 :o h be5 ?r[+ !mselves into ! arms ( ! s\!rn slave-p[] = support6 ,! black en*antm5t ,i hope is n[ at an end--! dream dissolv$1 & we awake into op5 day4 ,no long] is !re any unc]ta9ty or any d\bt on ?is subject4 ,b is ! great epo* pass$8 is x n r j beg9n+8 ,is abolitionism ,,dead--or is x j awak+ into life8 ,is ! "r ( petition /rangl$ & =gott5--or is x increas+ 9 /r5g? & =ce8 ,^! are s]i\s que/ions = ! g5tleman's consid]ation1 t may damp ! ardor ( 8 joy1 if exam9$ ) an imp>tial m9d1 & look$ at ) an unprejudic$ eye4 ,sir1 :5 ^! paeans 7 sung ov] ! dea? ( abolitioni/s1 &1 ( c\rse1 _! "r to lib]ty ( spee* & ! press1 at lea/ 9 fancy's eye1 we might h se5 !m ly+ 9 heaps ^u heaps1 l ! enemies ( ! /rong man 9 days ( old4 ,b let me br+ back ! g5tleman's m9d f ?is delightful sc5e ( abolition dea?1 to sob] realities & solemn facts4 ,i h n[ ly+ be=e me ! names ( ?\s&s ( liv+ witnesses1 t slav]y has n entirely conqu]$ lib]ty2 t abolitioni/s 7= s are all ^! petition]s call$7 are n all dead4 ,^! are my fir/ pro(s to %[ ! g5tleman 8 ideas are all fancy4 ,i h also1 sir1 s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ?is debate1 receiv$ a newspap]1 z if s5t by ,provid5ce to suit ! occasion1 & by :om ,i "k n4 ,x is ! ,c9c9nati ,republican ( ! #b;d in/ant1 :i* conta9s an extract f ! ,l\isville ,adv]tis]1 a pap] pr9t$ 9 ,k5tucky1 9 ,l\isville1 our si/] city2 & ?\gh ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty miles bel[ u1 x is b a few h\rs di/ant4 ,t pap] is ! lead+ ,adm9i/ration j\rnal1 too1 z ,i am in=m$1 9 ,k5tucky4 ,he> :at x says on ! dea? ( abolition3-- ,,abolition--,,c9c9nati--,,! ,,l\isville ,,adv]tis]4 ,we copy ! foll[+ notice ( an article :i* we lately publi%$1 ^u ! subject ( abolition movem5ts 9 ?is qu>t]1 f ! ,l\isville ,adv]tis]3-- ',,abolition4--,! read] is ref]r$ to an int]e/+ article :i* we h copi$ f ! ,c9c9nati ,republican--a pap] :i* lately support$ ! pr9ciples ( ,democracy2 a pap] :i* has turn$1 b n q f> en\gh to act ) ! ,adamses & ,slades 9 ,congress1 or ! ,:ig abolitioni/s ( ,ohio4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 give a correct view ( ! /r5g? ( ! abolitioni/s 9 ,c9c9nati4 ,!re !y are 9 ! asc5dant4 ,!y control ! city elections1 regulate :at may be t]m$ ! morals ( ! city1 give tone to public op9ion1 & rule ! roa/1 by virtue ( _! sup]ior piety & intellig5ce4 ,! ,republican tells u1 t !y are n labor+ ,loco ,focos--b drones & consum]s--! ri* & well-born1 ( c\rse2 m5 :o h leisure & means1 & a disposition to employ ! latt]1 to equalize :ites & blacks 9 ! slavehold+ ,/ates4 ,ev5 n[1 ! abscond+ slave is p]fectly safe 9 ,c9c9nati4 ,we d\bt :e!r an in/ance c be adduc$ ( ! recov]y ( a runaway 9 t place 9 ! la/ f\r ye>s4 ,:5 negroes rea* ! ,que5 city !y are protect$ by its intellig5ce1 its piety1 & its weal?4 ,!y receive ! aid ( ! elite ( ! ,buckeyes2 & we h a /rong faction 9 ,k5tucky1 /ruggl+ zeal\sly to make h] "o ( ! dep5d5cies ( ,c9c9nati6 ,let our mutual sons g on4 ,! day ( mutual retribution is at h&--mu* ne>] ?an is n[ imag9$4 ,! ,republican1 :i* /ill looks ) a fri5dly eye to ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 w>ns u ( ! dang] :i* exi/s1 al?\gh its new-born zeal = ,:igg]y prompts x to insi/1 indirectly1 on ! "r ( petition+ ,congress to aboli% slav]y4 ,!re are ab\t two hundr$ & fifty abolition societies 9 ,ohio at ! pres5t "t1 &1 f ! circul> issu$ at head qu>t]s1 ,c9c9nati1 x appe>s t ag5ts are to be s5t ?r\gh e c\nty to di/ribute books & pamphlets design$ to inflame ! public m9d1 & !n organize additional societies--or1 r1 =m new clans1 to aid 9 ! w> :i* has be5 comm5c$ on ! slavehold+ ,/ates4' ,i d n1 sir1 und]write = ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t z an entire :ole2 mu* ( x ,i repel z an unju/ *>ge on my fell[-citiz5s ( ,c9c9nati2 b1 z x comes f a slavehold+ ,/ate--f ! ,/ate ( ! ,s5ator :o has s eloqu5tly ana!matiz$ abolitioni/s t x is almo/ a pity !y c\ld n die "u su* sweet s\nds--& z ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,s5ator pron\nces !m dead1 ,i produce ?is f a slavehold+ ,/ate1 = ! special b5efit & consolation ( ! two ,s5ators4 ,x comes f a s\rce to :i*1 ,i am sure1 bo? g5tlem5 ought to give cr$it4 ,b suppose1 sir1 t abolitionism is dead1 is lib]ty dead also & slav]y triumphant8 ,is lib]ty ( spee*1 ( ! press1 & ! "r ( petition also dead8 ,true1 x has be5 /rangl$ "h2 b g5tlem5 w f9d !mselves 9 great error if !y suppose x also /rangl$ 9 ! c\ntry2 & ! v attempt1 9 legislative bodies1 to su/a9 a local & individual int]e/1 to ! de/ruction ( our rights1 proves t ^? rights are n dead1 b a liv+ pr9ciple1 :i* slav]y _c ext+ui%2 & be my lot :at x may1 ,i %all1 to ! utmo/ ( my abilities1 "u all circum/ances1 & at all times1 cont5d = t fre$om :i* is ! common gift ( ! ,creator to all m51 & aga9/ ! p[] ( ^! two great int]e/s--! slave p[] ( ! ,s\?1 & bank+ p[] ( ! ,nor?--:i* are n[ unit+ to rule ?is c\ntry4 ,! cotton bale & ! bank note h =m$ an alliance2 ! cr$it sy/em ) slave labor4 ,^! two cong5ial spirits h at la/ met & embrac$ ea* o!r1 bo? look+ to ! same object--to live ^u ! unrequit$ labor ( o!rs--& h n[ erect$ = !mselves a common plat=m1 z 0 intimat$ dur+ ! la/ session1 on :i* !y c meet1 & bid defiance1 z !y hope1 to free pr9ciples & free labor4 ,) ^! introductory rem>ks1 p]mit me1 sir1 to say "h1 & let no "o pret5d to misund]/& or misrepres5t me1 t ,i *>ge g5tlem51 :5 !y use ! ^w abolitioni/s1 !y mean petition]s "h su* z ,i n[ pres5t--m5 :o love lib]ty1 & are oppos$ to slav]y--t 9 behalf ( ^! citiz5s ,i speak2 &1 by :atev] "n !y may be call$1 x is ^? :o are oppos$ to slav]y ^: cause ,i advocate4 ,i make no w> ^u ! rights ( o!rs4 ,i d no act b :at is moral1 con/itutional1 & legal1 aga9/ ! peculi> in/itutions ( any ,/ate2 b acts only 9 def5ce ( my own rights1 ( my fell[ citiz5s1 &1 above all1 ( my ,/ate1 ,i %all n cease :ile ! curr5t ( life %all cont9ue to fl[4 ,i %all1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 9 ! fur!r consid]ation ( ?is subject1 endeavor to prove1 fir/1 ! "r ( ! p to petition2 second1 :y slav]y is wrong1 & :y ,i am oppos$ to x2 ?ird1 ! p[] ( slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry1 & its dang]s2 next1 answ] ! "q1 s (t5 ask$1 :at h ! free ,/ates to d ) slav]y8 ,!n make "s rem>ks by way ( answ] to ! argum5ts ( ! ,s5ator f ,k5tucky1 ,mr4 ,clay4 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ! duty ,i am reque/$ to p]=m is "o ( ! highe/ :i* a ,repres5tative c be call$ on to dis*>ge4 ,x is to make kn[n to ! legislative body ! w & ! wi%es ( 8 con/itu5ts & fell[-citiz5s2 &1 9 ! pres5t case1 ,i feel honor$ by ! confid5ce repos$ 9 me1 & proce$ to dis*>ge ! duty4 ,! petition]s h n tru/$ to my fallible judgm5t alone1 b h decl>$1 9 writt5 docum5ts1 ! mo/ solemn expression ( _! w4 ,x is true ^! petitions h n be5 s5t "h by ! :ole p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b f a portion ( !m only2 yet su* is ! ju/ice ( _! claim1 & ! sure f\ndation ^u :i* x re/s1 t no portion ( ! ,am]ican p1 until a day or two pa/1 h ?\ght x ei!r safe or exp$i5t to pres5t c\nt] petitions2 & ev5 n[1 :5 c\nt] petitions h be5 pres5t$1 !y d>e n ju/ify slav]y1 & ! sell+ ( m5 & wom5 9 ?is ,di/rict1 b cont5t !mselves ) object+ to o!rs enjoy+ ! rights !y practise1 & pray+ ,congress n to receive or he> petitions f ! p ( ! ,/ates--a new device ( slave p[] ?is1 nev] be=e ?\ght ( or practic$ 9 any c\ntry4 ,i w\ld h be5 gratifi$ if ! inv5tors ( ?is sy/em1 :i* d5ies to o!rs :at !y practise !mselves1 _h1 9 _! petition1 attempt$ to ju/ify slav]y & ! slave trade 9 ! ,di/rict1 if !y believe ! practice j1 t _! names might h gone d[n to po/]ity4 ,no1 sir2 v few yet h ! moral c\rage to record _! names to su* an av[al2 & ev5 "s ( ^! petition]s are s squeami% on ?is subject1 z to say t !y might1 f consci5ti\s pr9ciples1 be prev5t$ f hold+ slaves4 ,n s1 sir1 ) ! petition]s :i* ,i h ! honor to repres5t2 !y are anxi\s t _! s5tim5ts & _! names %\ld be made matt] ( record2 !y h no qualms ( consci5ce on ?is subject2 !y h deep convictions & a firm belief t slav]y is an exi/+ evil1 incompatible ) ! pr9ciples ( political lib]ty1 at w> ) our sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 & ext5d+ a baleful & bla/+ influ5ce ov] our c\ntry1 )]+ & blight+ its faire/ prospects & brighte/ hopes4 ,:o has said t ^! petitions are unju/ 9 pr9ciple1 & on t gr\nd ought n to be grant$8 ,:o has said t slav]y is n an evil8 ,:o has said x does n t>ni% ! fair fame ( our c\ntry8 ,:o has said x does n br+ dissipation & feebl5ess to "o race1 & pov]ty & wret*$ness to ano!r1 9 its tra98 ,:o has said1 x is n unju/ to ! slave1 & injuri\s to ! happ9ess & be/ int]e/ ( ! ma/]8 ,:o has said x does n break ! bonds ( human affection1 by sep>at+ ! wife f ! husb&1 & *ildr5 f _! p>5ts8 ,9 f9e1 :o has said x is n a blot ^u our c\ntry's honor1 & a deep & f\l /a9 ^u h] in/itutions8 ,few1 v few1 p]haps none b him :o lives ^u its labor1 reg>dless ( its mis]y2 & ev5 _m ^: local situations are )9 its jurisdiction1 ackn[l$ge its inju/ice1 & deprecate its cont9uance2 :ile millions ( freem5 deplore its exi/5ce1 & look =w>d ) /rong hope to its f9al t]m9ation4 ,,slav]y6 a ^w1 l a secret idol1 ?\ght too obnoxi\s or sacr$ to be pron\nc$ "h b by ^? :o wor%ip at its %r9e--& %\ld "o :o is n su* wor%ipp] happ5 to pron\nce ! ^w1 ! mo/ disa/r\s consequ5ces are imm$iately pr$ict$1 ! ,union is to be dissolv$1 & ! ,s\? to take c>e ( itself4 ,d n suppose1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 t ,i feel z if engag$ 9 a =bidd5 or improvid5t act4 ,no su* ?+4 ,i am cont5d+ ) a local & peculi> int]e/1 an int]e/ :i* has already b&$ toge!r ) a =ce suffici5t to seize ^u e av5ue by :i* a petition c ent] ?is *amb]1 & exclude all )\t its hav54 ,i am n n[ cont5d+ = ! rights ( ! negro1 rights :i* 8 ,creator gave him & :i* 8 fell[-man has usurp$ or tak5 away4 ,no1 sir6 ,i am cont5d+ = ! rights ( ! :ite p]son 9 ! free ,/ates1 & am endeavor+ to prev5t !m f be+ trodd5 d[n & de/roy$ by t p[] :i* claims ! black p]son z prop]ty4 ,i am endeavor+ to s\nd ! al>m to my fell[-citiz5s t ?is p[]1 trem5d\s z x is1 is endeavor+ to unite itself ) ! moni$ p[] ( ! c\ntry1 9 ord] to ext5d its dom9ion & p]petuate its exi/5ce4 ,i am endeavor+ to drive f ! back ( ! negro slave ! politician :o has seat$ himself !re to ride into (fice = ! purpose ( c>ry+ out ! object ( ?is unholy comb9ation4 ,! *a9s ( slav]y are suffici5tly /rong1 )\t be+ rivet$ anew by t9k]+ politicians ( ! free ,/ates4 ,i feel myself compell$ into ?is conte/1 9 def5ce ( ! in/itutions ( my own ,/ate1 ! p]sons & firesides ( h] citiz5s1 f ! insatiable grasp ( ! slavehold+ p[] z be+ us$ & felt 9 ! free ,/ates4 ,to say t ,i am oppos$ to slav]y 9 ! ab/ract1 are b cold & unmean+ words1 if1 h[ev] capable ( any mean+ :atev]1 !y may fairly be con/ru$ into a love = its exi/5ce2 & su* ,i s9c]ely believe to be ! feel+ ( _m 9 ! free ,/ates :o use ! phrase4 ,i1 sir1 am n only oppos$ to slav]y 9 ! ab/ract1 b also 9 its :ole volume1 9 its !ory z well z practice4 ,?is pr9ciple is deeply implant$ )9 me2 x has gr[n ) my gr[? & /r5g!n$ ) my /r5g?4 ,9 my infant ye>s ,i le>n$ to hate slav]y4 ,y\r fa!rs taught me x 0 wrong 9 _! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce3 ! doctr9es :i* !y promulgat$ to ! _w1 & ^u ! tru? ( :i* !y /ak$ ! issue ( ! conte/ t made u a nation4 ,!y proclaim$ t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among/ ^! are life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,^! tru?s are solemnly decl>$ by !m4 ,i believ$ !n1 & believe n[1 !y are self-evid5t4 ,:o c ackn[l$ge ?is1 & n be oppos$ to slav]y8 ,x is1 !n1 because ,i love ! pr9ciples :i* br\ght y\r gov]nm5t into exi/5ce1 & :i* h become ! corn] /one ( ! build+ support+ y1 sir1 9 t *air1 & giv+ to myself & o!r ,s5ators seats 9 ?is body--x is because ,i love all ?is1 t ,i hate slav]y4 ,is x because ,i cont5d = ! "r ( petition1 & am oppos$ to slav]y1 t ,i h be5 d5\nc$ by _m z an abolitioni/8 ,yes2 ,virg9ia newspap]s h s d5\nc$ me1 & call$ ^u ! ,legislature ( my ,/ate to dismiss me f public confid5ce4 ,:o taught me to hate slav]y1 & e o!r oppression8 ,jeff]son1 ! great & ! good ,jeff]son6 ,yes1 ,virg9ia ,s5ators1 x 0 y\r own ,jeff]son1 ,virg9ia's favorite son1 a man :o did m = ! natural lib]ty ( man1 & ! civil lib]ty ( 8 c\ntry1 ?an any man t ev] liv$ 9 our c\ntry2 x 0 him :o taught me to hate slav]y2 x 0 9 8 s*ool ,i 0 br\ght up4 ,t ,mr4 ,jeff]son 0 z mu* oppos$ to slav]y z any man t ev] liv$ 9 our c\ntry1 !re c be no d\bt2 8 life & 8 writ+s abundantly prove ! fact4 ,i hold 9 my h& a copy1 z he p5n$ x1 ( ! orig9al draft ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 a "p ( :i* 0 /rick5 out1 z he says1 9 compliance ) ! wi%es ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia4 ,i w read x4 ,speak+ ( ! wrongs done u by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 9 introduc+ slaves among u1 he says3 ,he 7! ,briti% ,k+7 has wag$ cruel w> aga9/ human nature itself1 violat+ its mo/ sacr$ "r ( life & lib]ty 9 ! p]sons ( a di/ant p1 :o nev] (f5d$ him1 captivat+ & c>ry+ !m into ,,slav]y 9 ano!r hemisph]e1 or to incur mis]able dea? 9 _! transportation ?i!r4 ,?is piratical w>f>e1 ! opprobrium ( infidel p[]s1 is ! w>f>e ( ! ,*ri/ian ,k+ ( ,great ,brita94 ,det]m9$ to keep op5 a m>ket :]e ,,m5 %\ld be ,,b\ght & ,,sold1 he has pro/itut$ 8 pr]ogative = suppress+ e legislative attempt to prohibit or re/ra9 execrable comm]ce1 & t ?is assemblage ( horrors might want no fact ( di/+ui%$ die1 he is n[ excit+ ^? v p to rise 9 arms aga9/ u1 & pur*ase t lib]ty ( :i* he has depriv$ !m by murd]+ ! p on :om he has also obtrud$ !m1 ?us pay+ (f =m] crimes committ$ aga9/ ! lib]ties ( "o p ) crimes :i* he urges !m to commit aga9/ ! lives ( ano!r4 ,?us f> ?is great /atesman & philan?ropi/4 ,_h 8 contempor>ies be5 rul$ by 8 op9ions1 ! c\ntry _h n[ be5 at re/ on ?is excit+ topic4 ,:at abolitioni/1 sir1 has us$ /rong] language aga9/ slav]y ?an ,mr4 ,jeff]son has done8 ,cruel w> aga9/ human nature1 violat+ its mo/ sacr$ rights1 piratical w>f>e1 opprobrium ( infidel p[]s1 a m>ket :]e m5 %\ld be b\ght & sold1 execrable comm]ce1 assemblage ( horrors1 crimes committ$ aga9/ ! lib]ty ( ! p1 are ! br&s :i* ,mr4 ,jeff]son has burn$ into ! =ehead ( slav]y & ! slave trade4 ,:51 sir1 h ,i1 or any o!r p]son oppos$ to slav]y1 spok5 9 /rong] & m opprobri\s t]ms ( slav]y1 ?an ?is8 ,y h caus$ ! bu/ ( ?is great man to be plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( y\r ,capitol2 9 t conspicu\s "p :]e e visitor mu/ see x1 ) its h& re/+ on ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 engrav$ ^u m>ble4 ,:y h y done ?is8 ,is x n mock]y8 ,or is x to rem9d u cont9ually ( ! wick$ness & dang] ( slav]y8 ,i nev] pass t /atue )\t new & increas$ v5]ation = ! man x repres5ts1 & increas$ repugnance & sorr[ t he did n succe$ 9 driv+ slav]y entirely f ! c\ntry4 ,sir1 if ,i am an abolitioni/1 ,jeff]son made me s2 & ,i only regret t ! disciple %\ld be s f> beh9d ! ma/]1 bo? 9 doctr9e & practice4 ,b1 sir1 o!r reasons & o!r causes h comb9$ to fix & e/abli% my pr9ciples 9 ?is matt]1 nev]1 ,i tru/1 to be %ak54 ,a free ,/ate 0 ! place ( my bir?2 a free ,t]ritory ! !atre ( my juv5ile actions4 ,ohio is my c\ntry1 ende>$ to me by e fond recollection4 ,%e gave me political exi/5ce1 & taught me 9 h] political s*ool2 & ,i %\ld be worse ?an an unnatural son did ,i =get or disobey h] precepts4 ,9 h] ,con/itution x is decl>$1 ,t all m5 are born equally free & indep5d5t1 & t !re %all be nei!r slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude 9 ! ,/ate1 o!rwise ?an = ! puni%m5t ( crimes4 ,%all ,i /& up = slav]y 9 any case1 condemn$ z x is by su* high au?ority z ?is8 ,no1 nev]6 ,b ?is is n all1 ,indiana1 our y\ng] ,we/]n si/]1 ende>$ to u by e social & political tie1 a ,/ate =m$ 9 ! same c\ntry z ,ohio1 f ^: t]ritory slav]y 0 =ev] exclud$ by ! ord9ance ( ,july1 #aghg--%e too1 has decl>$ h] abhorr5ce ( slav]y 9 m /rong & empa?ic t]ms ?an we h done4 ,9 h] con/itution1 aft] prohibit+ slav]y1 or involunt>y s]vitude1 be+ introduc$ into ! ,/ate1 %e decl>es1 ,b z to ! hold+ any "p ( ! human creation 9 slav]y1 or involunt>y s]vitude1 c orig9ate only 9 tyranny & usurpation1 no alt]ation ( h] con/itution %\ld ev] take place1 s z to introduce slav]y or involunt>y s]vitude into ! ,/ate1 o!rwise ?an = ! puni%m5t ( crimes :]e( ! p>ty _h be5 duly convict$4 ,ill9ois & ,mi*igan also =m$ _! con/itutions on ! same pr9ciples4 ,aft] su* a cl\d ( witnesses aga9/ slav]y1 & ^: te/imony is s cle> & explicit1 z a citiz5 ( ,ohio1 ,i %\ld be recreant to e pr9ciple ( honor & ( ju/ice1 to be f\nd ! apologi/ or advocate ( slav]y 9 any ,/ate1 or 9 any c\ntry :atev]4 ,no1 ,i _c be s inconsi/5t z to say ,i am oppos$ to slav]y 9 ! ab/ract1 9 its sep>ation f a human be+1 & /ill l5d my aid to build x up1 & make x p]petual 9 its op]ation & effects ^u man 9 ?is or any o!r c\ntry4 ,i also1 9 e>ly life1 saw a slave kneel be=e 8 ma/]1 & hold up 8 h&s ) z mu* app>5t submission1 humility1 & adoration1 z a man w\ld h done be=e 8 ,mak]1 :ile 8 ma/] ) out-/ret*$ rod /ood ov] him4 ,?is1 ,i ?\ght1 is slav]y2 "o man subject$ to ! w & p[] ( ano!r1 & ! laws af=d+ him no protection1 & he has to beg p>don ( man1 because he has (f5d$ man1 7n ! laws17 z if 8 ma/] 7 a sup]ior & all p[]ful be+4 ,yes1 ?is is slav]y1 boa/$ ,am]ican slav]y1 )\t :i*1 x is cont5d$ ev5 "h1 t ! union ( ^! ,/ates w\ld be dissolv$ 9 a day1 yes1 ev5 9 an h\r6 ,humiliat+ ?\ght1 t we are b\nd toge!r z ,/ates by ! *a9s ( slav]y6 ,x _c be--! blood & ! te>s ( slav]y =m no "p ( ! cem5t ( our ,union--& x is hop$ t by fall+ on its b&s !y may nev] corrode & eat !m asund]4 ,we :o are oppos$ to & deplore ! exi/5ce ( slav]y 9 our c\ntry1 are frequ5tly ask$1 bo? 9 public & private1 :at h y to d ) slav]y8 ,x does n exi/ 9 y\r ,/ate2 x does n di/urb y6 ,ah1 sir1 w\ld to ,god x 7 s--t we _h no?+ to d ) slav]y1 no?+ to fe> f its p[]1 or its action )9 our own bord]s1 t its "n & its mis]ies 7 unkn[n to u4 ,b ?is is n our lot2 we live ^u its bord]s1 & 9 he>+ ( its cries2 yet we are unwill+ to ackn[l$ge1 t if we ent] its t]ritories & violate its laws1 t we %\ld be puni%$ at its pleasure4 ,we d n compla9 ( ?is1 ?\gh x might well be consid]$ j gr\nd ( compla9t4 ,x is our firesides1 our rights1 our privileges1 ! safety ( our fri5ds1 z well z ! sov]eignty & indep5d5ce ( our ,/ate1 t we are n[ call$ ^u to protect & def5d4 ,! slave int]e/ has at ?is mom5t ! :ole p[] ( ! c\ntry 9 its h&s4 ,x claims ! ,presid5t z a ,nor!rn man ) ,s\!rn feel+s1 ?us mak+ ! ,*ief ,magi/rate ! head ( an int]e/1 or a p>ty1 & n ( ! c\ntry & ! p at l>ge4 ,x has ! cab9et ( ! ,presid5t1 ?ree memb]s ( :i* are f ! slave ,/ates1 & "o :o wrote a book 9 favor ( ,s\!rn slav]y1 b :i* fell dead f ! press1 a book :i* ,i h se51 9 my own family1 ?r[n mu/y ^u ! %elf4 ,"h !n is a decid$ majority 9 favor ( ! slave int]e/4 ,x has five out ( n9e judges ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt2 "h1 also1 is a majority f ! slave ,/ates4 ,x has1 ) ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 & ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & ! ,cl]ks ( bo? ,h\ses1 ! army & ! navy2 & ! bureaus1 h1 ,i am told1 ab\t ! same proportion4 ,"o w\ld suppose t1 ) all ?is p[] op]at+ 9 ?is ,gov]nm5t1 x w\ld be cont5t to p]mit--yes ,i w use ! ^w p]mit--x w\ld be cont5t to p]mit u1 :o live 9 ! free ,/ates1 to enjoy our firesides & our homes 9 quietness2 b ?is is n ! case4 ,! slavehold]s & slave laws claim t z prop]ty1 :i* ! free ,/ates "k only z p]sons1 a reason+ prop]ty1 :i*1 ( its own w & m]e motion1 is frequ5tly f\nd 9 our ,/ates2 & ^u :i* ,,?+ we sometimes be/[ food & raim5t1 if x appe> hungry & p]i%+1 believ+ x to be a human be+2 ?is p]haps is ow+ to our want ( vision to discov] ! process by :i* a man is conv]t$ into a ,,?+4 ,= ?is act ( ours1 :i* is n prohibit$ by our laws1 b prompt$ by e feel+1 ,*ri/ian & humane1 ! slavehold+ p[] ent]s our t]ritory1 tramples "u foot ! sov]eignty ( our ,/ate1 violates ! sanctity ( private resid5ce1 seizes our citiz5s1 & disreg>d+ ! au?ority ( our laws1 transports !m into its own jurisdiction1 ca/s !m into prison1 conf9es !m 9 fett]s1 & loads !m ) *a9s1 = pret5d$ (f5ces aga9/ _! own laws1 f\nd by will+ gr& juries ^u ! oa? 7to use ! language ( ! late ,gov]nor ( ,ohio7 ( a p]jur$ villa94 ,is ?is fancy1 or is x fact1 sob] reality1 solemn fact8 ,ne$ ,i say all ?is1 & mu* m1 z n[ matt] ( hi/ory 9 ! case ( ! ,rev4 ,john ,b4 ,mahan1 ( ,br[n c\nty1 ,ohio8 ,yes1 x is s2 b ?is is b ! beg9n+--a case ( equal outrage has lately occurr$1 if newspap]s are to be reli$ on1 9 ! seizure ( a citiz5 ( ,ohio1 )\t ev5 ! =ms ( law1 & :o 0 c>ri$ into ,virg9ia & %amefully puni%$ by t> & fea!rs1 & o!r disgraceful means1 & rode ^u a rail1 accord+ to ! ord] ( ,judge ,lyn*1 & ?is1 only because 9 ,ohio he 0 an abolitioni/4 ,w\ld ,i c\ld /op "h--b ,i _c4 ,?is slave int]e/ or p[] seizes ^u p]sons ( color 9 our ,/ates1 c>ries !m into ,/ates :]e m5 are prop]ty1 & makes m]*&ize ( !m1 sometimes "u sanction ( law1 b m prop]ly by its abuse1 & sometimes by m]e p]sonal =ce1 ?us di/urb+ our quiet & h>ass+ our citiz5s4 ,a case ( ?is k9d has lately occurr$1 :]e a color$ boy 0 s$uc$ f ,ohio into ,indiana1 tak5 f !nce into ,alabama & sold z a slave2 & to ! honor ( ! slave ,/ates1 & g5tlem5 :o adm9i/] ! laws !re1 be x said1 t _m :o h ?us be5 tak5 & sold by ! connivance1 if n d[nright corruption1 ( citiz5s 9 ! free ,/ates1 h be5 lib]at$ & adjudg$ free 9 ! ,/ates :]e !y h be5 sold1 z 0 ! case ( ! boy m5tion$1 :o 0 sold 9 ,alabama4 ,slave p[] is seek+ to e/abli% itself 9 e ,/ate1 9 defiance ( ! con/itution & laws ( ! ,/ates )9 :i* x is prohibit$4 ,9 ord] to secure its p[] beyond ! rea* ( ! ,/ates1 x claims its p>5tage f ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x dem&s ( u total sil5ce z to its proce$+s1 d5ies to our citiz5s ! lib]ty ( spee* & ! press1 & puni%es !m by mobs & viol5ce = ! ex]cise ( ^! rights4 ,x has s5t its ag5ts into ! free ,/ates = ! purpose ( influ5c+ _! ,legislatures to pass laws = ! security ( its p[] )9 su* ,/ate1 & = ! enact+ new (f5ces & new puni%m5ts = _! own citiz5s1 s z to give additional security to its int]e/4 ,x dem&s to be he>d 9 its own p]son 9 ! hall ( our ,legislature1 & m+le 9 debate !re4 ,sir1 9 e /age ( ^! oppressions & abuses1 p]mit me to say1 9 ! language ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce--& no language c\ld be m appropriate--we h petition$ = r$ress 9 ! mo/ humble t]ms1 & our repeat$ petitions h be5 answ]$ by repeat$ injury4 ,a p[]1 ^: "* is m>k$ by e act :i* may def9e a tyrant1 is unfit to rule ov] a free p4 ,9 our suff]+s & our wrongs we h bes\ght our fell[-citiz5s to aid u 9 ! pres]vation ( our con/itutional rights1 b1 influ5c$ by ! love ( ga9 or arbitr>y p[]1 !y h sometimes disreg>d$ all ! sacr$ rights ( man1 & answ]$ 9 viol5ce1 burn+s1 & murd]4 ,aft] all ^! transactions1 :i* are n[ ( public notoriety & matt] ( record1 %all we ( ! free ,/ates taunt+ly be ask$ :at we h to d ) slav]y8 ,we %\ld rejoice1 inde$1 if ! evils ( slav]y 7 remov$ f> f u1 t x c\ld be said ) tru?1 t we h no?+ to d ) slav]y4 ,our citiz5s h n ent]$ its t]ritories = ! purpose ( ob/ruct+ its laws1 nor d we wi% to d s1 nor w\ld we ju/ify any individual 9 su* act2 yet we h be5 br&$ & /igmatiz$ by its fri5ds & advocates1 bo? 9 ! free & slave ,/ates1 z inc5di>ies1 fanatics1 disorganiz]s1 enemies to our c\ntry1 & z wi%+ to dissolve ! ,union4 ,we h borne all ?is )\t compla9t or resi/ance1 & only ask to be secure 9 our p]sons1 by our own firesides1 & 9 ! free ex]cise ( our ?\ghts & op9ions 9 speak+1 writ+1 pr9t+ & publi%+ on ! subject ( slav]y1 t :i* appe>s to u to be j & "r2 because we all "k ! p[] ( tru?1 & t x w ultimately prevail1 9 despite ( all opposition4 ,b 9 ! ex]cise ( all ^! rights1 we ackn[l$ge subjection to ! laws ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* we are1 & our liability = _! abuse4 ,we wi% peace ) all m52 & t ! mo/ amicable relations & free int]c\rse may exi/ betwe5 ! citiz5s ( our ,/ate & our neighbor+ slavehold+ ,/ates2 we w n ent] _! ,/ates1 ei!r 9 our prop] p]sons1 or by commission]s1 legislative resolutions1 or o!rwise1 to int]f]e ) _! slave policy or slave laws2 & we %all expect f !m & _! citiz5s a l return1 t !y d n ent] our t]ritories = ! purpose ( violat+ our laws 9 ! puni%m5t ( our p = ! ex]cise ( _! und\bt$ rights--! lib]ty ( spee* & ( ! press on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,we ask t no man %all be seiz$ & transport$ beyond our ,/ate1 9 violation ( our own laws1 & t we %all n be c>ri$ into & imprison$ 9 ano!r ,/ate = acts done 9 our own4 ,we cont5d t ! slavehold+ p[] is prop]ly *>geable ) all ! riots & disord]s :i* take place on acc\nt ( slav]y4 ,we c live 9 peace ) all our si/] ,/ates2 if t p[] w be controll$ by law1 ea* c ex]cise & enjoy ! full b5efits secur$ by _! own laws2 & ?is is all we ask4 ,if we hold up slav]y to ! view ( an imp>tial public z x is1 & if su* view creates a/oni%m5t & indignation1 surely we are n to be *>g$ z libell]s4 ,a ,/ate in/itution ought to be consid]$ ! pride1 n ! %ame ( ! ,/ate2 & if we falsify su* in/itutions1 ! disgrace is ours1 n !irs4 ,if slav]y1 h[ev]1 is a blemi%1 a blot1 an eat+ canc] 9 ! body politic1 x is n our fault if1 by hold+ x up1 o!rs %\ld see 9 ! mirror ( tru? its de=mity1 & %r9k back f ! view4 ,we h n1 & we int5d n1 to use any weapons aga9/ slav]y1 b ! moral p[] ( tru? & ! =ce ( public op9ion4 ,if we ent] ! slave ,/ates1 & tamp] ) ! slave contr>y to law1 puni% u1 we des]ve x2 & if a slavehold] is f\nd 9 a free ,/ate1 & is guilty ( a brea* ( ! law !re1 he also ought to be puni%$4 ,^! petition]s1 z f> z ,i und]/& !m1 disclaim all "r to ent] a slave ,/ate = ! purpose ( int]c\rse ) ! slave4 ,x is ! ma/] :om !y wi% to address2 & !y ask & ought to receive protection f ! laws1 z !y are will+ to be judg$ by ! laws4 ,we invite into ! ar5a ( public discussion 9 our ,/ate ! slavehold]2 we are will+ to he> 8 reasons & facts 9 favor ( slav]y1 or aga9/ abolitioni/s3 we d n fe> 8 errors :ile we are ourselves free to combat !m4 ,! angry feel+s :i* 9 "s degree exi/ betwe5 ! citiz5s ( ! free & slavehold+ ,/ates1 on acc\nt ( slav]y1 are1 9 _m cases1 prop]ly *>geable to ^? :o def5d & support slav]y4 ,attempts are almo/ daily mak+ to =ce ! execution ( slave laws 9 ! free ,/ates2 at lea/1 _! p[] & pr9ciples3 & no t]m is too reproa*ful to be appli$ to ^? :o resi/ su* acts1 & cont5d = ! rights secur$ to e man "u _! own laws4 ,we are (t5 rem9d$ t we ought to take color z evid5ce ( prop]ty 9 a human be+4 ,we d n believe 9 su* evid5ce1 nor d we believe t a man c ju/ly be made prop]ty by human laws4 ,we ackn[l$ge1 h[ev]1 t a man1 n a ?+ may be held to s]vice or labor "u ! laws ( a ,/ate1 &1 if he escape into ano!r ,/ate1 he ought to be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* labor or s]vice may be due2 t ?is deliv]y ought to be 9 pursuance ( ! laws ( ! ,/ate :]e su* p]son is f\nd1 & n by virtue ( any act ( ,congress4 ,?is br+s me1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 to ! consid]ation ( ! petition pres5t$ by ! ,s5ator f ,k5tucky1 & to an exam9ation ( ! views he has pres5t$ to ! ,s5ate on ?is highly important subject4 ,sir1 ,i feel1 ,i s5sibly feel my inadequacy 9 ent]+ into a controv]sy ) t old & vet]an ,s5ator2 b no?+ high or l[ %all prev5t me f an hone/ dis*>ge ( my duty "h4 ,if imp]fectly done1 x may be ascrib$ to ! want ( ability1 n int5tion4 ,if ! p[] ( my m9d1 & ! /r5g? ( my body1 7 equal to ! task1 ,i w\ld ar\se e man1 yes1 e woman & *ild 9 ! c\ntry1 to ! dang] :i* besets !m1 if su* doctr9es & views z are pres5t$ by ! ,s5ator %\ld ev] be c>ri$ into effect4 ,8 d5unciations are aga9/ abolitioni/s1 & "u t t]m are class$ all ^? :o petition ,congress on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,su* ,i und]/& to be 8 argum5t1 & z su* ,i %all treat x4 ,i1 9 ! fir/ place1 put 9 a broad d5ial to all 8 g5]al facts1 *>g+ ?is portion ( my fell[ citiz5s ) improp] motives or dang]\s designs4 ,t _! acts are lawful he does n pret5d to d5y4 ,i call$ = pro( to su/a9 8 *>ges4 ,none su* has be5 (f]$1 & none su* exi/s1 or c be f\nd4 ,i repel !m z calumnies d\ble-di/ill$ 9 ! alembic ( slav]y4 ,i d5y !m1 also1 9 ! p>ticul>s & inf]5ces2 & let u see ^u :at gr\nd !y re/1 or by :at process ( reason+ !y are su/a9$4 ,! v fir/ view ( ^! petition]s aga9/ our "r ( petition /rikes ! m9d t m is int5d$ ?an at fir/ meets ! eye4 ,:y 0 ! committee on ! ,di/rict ov]look$ 9 ?is case1 & ! ,s5ator f ,k5tucky made ! organ ( communication8 ,is x und]/ood t anti-abolitionism is a passport to popul> favor1 & t ! action ( ?is ,di/rict %all pres5t = t favor to ! public a g5tleman ^u ?is hobby8 ,is ?is petition pres5t$ z a subject ( fair legislation8 ,0 x solicit$ by memb]s ( ,congress1 f citiz5s "h1 = political effect8 ,let ! c\ntry judge4 ,! petition]s /ate t no p]sons b !mselves are au?oriz$ to int]f]e ) slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict2 t ,congress are _! own ,legislature2 & ! "q ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict is only betwe5 !m & _! con/itut$ legislators2 & !y prote/ aga9/ all int]f]5ce ( o!rs4 ,b1 sir1 z if a%am$ ( ?is op5 position 9 favor ( slav]y1 !y1 9 a v coy mann]1 say t "s ( !m are n slavehold]s1 & might be =bidd5 by consci5ce to hold slaves4 ,!re is m dictation1 m political h]esy1 m dang]\s doctr9e conta9$ 9 ?is petition1 ?an ,i h ev] be=e se5 c\*$ toge!r 9 s _m words4 ,we6 ,congress _! ,,own ,legislature 9 all t conc]ns ?is ,di/rict6 ,let ^? :o may put on ! city liv]y1 & legislate = !m & n = 8 con/itu5ts1 d s2 = myself1 ,i came "h ) a diff]5t view1 & = diff]5t purposes4 ,i came a free man1 to repres5t ! p ( ,ohio2 & ,i int5d to leave ?is z su* repres5tative1 )\t we>+ any o!r liv]y4 ,:y talk ab\t executive usurpation & influ5ce ov] ! memb]s ( ,congress8 ,i h always view$ ?is ,di/rict influ5ce z f> m dang]\s ?an t ( any o!r p[]4 ,x has be5 able to extort1 yes1 extort f ,congress1 millions to pay ,di/rict debts1 make ,di/rict improvem5ts1 & 9 support ( ! civil & crim9al jurisprud5ce ( ! ,di/rict4 ,pray1 sir1 :at "r has ,congress to pay ! corporate debts ( ! cities 9 ! ,di/rict m ?an ! ,debts ( ! corporate cities 9 y\r ,/ate & m9e8 ,none1 sir4 ,yet ?is has be5 done to a va/ am\nt2 & ! next /ep is1 t we1 :o pay all ?is1 %all n be p]mitt$ to petition ,congress on ! subject ( _! in/itutions1 =1 if we c be prev5t$ 9 "o case1 we c 9 all possible cases4 ,m>k1 sir1 h[ pla9 a tale w sil5ce ^! petition]s4 ,if slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict conc]ns only ! inhabitants & ,congress1 s does all municipal regulations4 ,%\ld !y ext5d to grant+ lott]y1 gam+-h\ses1 tippl+-h\ses1 & o!r places calculat$ to promote & enc\rage vice--%\ld a repres5tative 9 ,congress be in/ruct$ by 8 con/itu5ts to use 8 influ5ce1 & vote aga9/ su* e/abli%m5ts1 & ! p ( ! ,di/rict %\ld in/ruct him to vote = !m1 :i* %\ld he obey8 ,to /ate ! "q is to answ] x2 o!rwise ! boa/$ "r ( in/ruction by ! con/itu5t body is m]e s\nd1 signify+ no?+4 ,sir1 ! inhabitants ( ?is di/rict are subject to /ate legislation & /ate policy2 !y _c compla9 ( ?is1 = _! condition is volunt>y2 & z ?is city is ! focus ( p[]1 ( influ5ce1 & consid]$ also z t ( fa%ion1 if n ( folly1 & z ! /reams :i* fl[ f "h irradiate ! :ole c\ntry1 x is "r1 x is prop]1 t x %\ld be subject to /ate policy & /ate p[]1 & n us$ z a leav5 to f]m5t & corrupt ! :ole body politic4 ,! honorable ,s5ator has said ! petition1 ?\gh f a city1 is ! fair expression ( ! op9ion ( ! ,di/rict4 ,z su* ,i treat$ x1 am will+ to ackn[l$ge ! respectability ( ! petition]s & _! rights1 & ,i claim = ! p ( my own /ate equal respectability & equal rights t ! p ( ! ,di/rict are entitl$ to3 any peculi> rights & advantages ,i _c admit4 ,i agree ) ! ,s5ator1 t ! proce$+s on abolition petitions1 h]et(ore1 h n be5 ! mo/ wise & prud5t c\rse4 ,!y ought to h be5 ref]r$ & act$ on4 ,su* 0 my object1 a day or two s9ce1 :5 ,i laid on y\r table a resolution to ref] !m to a committee = inquiry4 ,y did n suff] x1 sir1 to be pr9t$4 ,! c\ntry & po/]ity w judge betwe5 ! p :om ,i repres5t & ^? :o caus$ to be pr9t$ ! petition f ! city4 ,x _c be possible t ju/ice c h be5 done 9 bo? cases4 ,! exclusive legislation ( ,congress ov] ! ,di/rict is z mu* ! act ( ! con/itu5t body1 z ! g5]al legislation ( ,congress ov] ! ,/ates1 & to ! op]ation ( ?is act h ! p )9 ! ,di/rict submitt$ !mselves4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 jo9 ! ,s5ator t ! majority1 9 refus+ to receive & ref] petitions1 did n int5d to de/roy or impair ! "r 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,!y c]ta9ly h done s4 ,! ,s5ator admits ! abolitioni/s are n[ =midable2 t some?+ mu/ be done to produce h>mony4 ,yes1 sir1 d ju/ice1 & h>mony w be re/or$4 ,act imp>tially1 t ju/ice may be done3 he> petitions on bo? sides1 if !y are (f]$1 & give righte\s judgm5ts1 & y\r p w be satisfi$4 ,y _c compromise !m out ( _! rights1 nor lull !m to sleep ) fallacies 9 ! %ape ( reports4 ,y _c conqu] !m by rebuke1 nor deceive !m by sophi/ry4 ,rememb] y _c n[ turn public op9ion1 nor c y ov]?r[ x4 ,y mu/1 & y w1 ab&on ! high gr\nd y h tak51 & receive petitions4 ,! reason ( ! case1 ! argum5t & ! judgm5t ( ! p1 are all aga9/ y4 ,"o 9 ?is cause c *ase a ?\s&1 & ! voice ( ju/ice w be he>d :5ev] y agitate ! subject4 ,9 ,indiana1 ! "r to petition has be5 mo/ nobly advocat$ 9 a prote/1 by a memb]1 aga9/ "s puny resolutions ( ! ,legislature ( t ,/ate to :itewa% slav]y4 ,p]mit me to read a p>agraph1 wor?y an ,am]ican freeman3 ,b :o w\ld h ?\ght until lately1 t any w\ld h d\bt$ ! "r to petition 9 a respectful mann] to ,congress8 ,:o w\ld h believ$1 t ,congress _h any au?ority to refuse to consid] ! petitions ( ! p8 ,su* a /ep w\ld ov]?r[ ! autocrat ( ,russia1 or co/ ! ,gr& ,seignior ( ,con/ant9ople 8 head4 ,c x be possible1 !re=e1 t x has be5 res]v$ = a republican ,gov]nm5t1 9 a l& boa/+ ( its free in/itutions1 to set ! fir/ prec$5t ( ?is k9d8 ,our city c\ncils1 our c\rts ( ju/ice1 e dep>tm5t ( ,gov]nm5t are approa*$ by petition1 h[ev] unansw]able1 or absurd1 s t its t]ms are respectful4 ,none g away unread1 or unhe>d4 ,! life ( e individual is a p]fect illu/ration ( ! subject ( petition+4 ,petition is ! language ( want1 ( pa91 ( sorr[1 ( man 9 all 8 sad v>iety ( woes1 implor+ relief1 at ! h& ( "s p[] sup]ior to himself4 ,petition+ is ! f\ndation ( all gov]nm5t1 & ( all adm9i/rations ( law4 ,yet x has be5 res]v$ = our ,congress1 second$ indirectly by ! vote ( ?is ,legislature1 to "q ?is "r1 hi!rto suppos$ to be s old1 s heav5-de$$1 s und\bt$1 t our fa!rs did n ?9k x necess>y to place a gu>anty ( x 9 ! fir/ draft ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution4 ,yet ?is sacr$ "r has be51 at "o bl[1 driv51 de/roy$1 & trodd5 "u ! feet ( slav]y4 ,! old bulw>ks ( our ,f$]al & ,/ate ,con/itutions seem utt]ly to h be5 =gott51 :i* decl>e1 't ! fre$om ( spee* & ! press %all n be abridg$1 nor ! "r ( ! p peaceably to assemble & petition = ! r$ress ( _! grievances4' ,^!1 sir1 are ! s5tim5ts :i* make abolitioni/s =midable1 & set at n\ght all y\r c\ncils = _! ov]?r[4 ,! honorable ,s5ator n only admits t abolitioni/s are =midable1 b t !y consi/ ( ?ree classes4 ,! fri5ds ( humanity & ju/ice1 or ^? actuat$ by ^? pr9ciples1 compose "o class4 ,^! =m a v num]\s class1 & ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! ,s5ator proves ! immutable pr9ciples ^u :i* opposition to slav]y re/s4 ,m5 are oppos$ to x f pr9ciples ( humanity & ju/ice--m5 are abolitioni/s1 he admits1 on t acc\nt4 ,we ?ank ! ,s5ator = tea*+ u t ^w1 we int5d to improve x4 ,! next class ( abolitioni/s1 ! ,s5ator says1 are s1 app>5tly1 = ! purpose ( advocat+ ! "r ( petition4 ,:at are we to und]/& f ?is8 ,t ! "r ( petition ne$s advocacy4 ,:o has d5i$ ?is "r1 or :o has attempt$ to abridge x8 ,! slavehold+ p[]1 t p[] :i* avoids op5 discussion1 & ! free ex]cise ( op9ion2 x is t p[] alone :i* r5d]s ! advocacy ( ! "r ( petition necess>y1 hav+ seiz$ ^u all ! p[]s ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,x is fa/ unit+ toge!r ^? oppos$ to its iron rule1 no matt] to :at political p>ty !y h h]et(ore belong$2 !y are unit+ ) ! fir/ class1 & act f pr9ciples ( humanity & ju/ice2 & if ! mi/s & %ades ( slav]y 7 n ! atmosph]e 9 :i* g5tlem5 7 envelop$1 !y w\ld see con/ant & increas+ numb]s ( our mo/ wor?y & intellig5t citiz5s atta*+ !mselves to ! two classes m5tion$1 & rally+ "u ! bann]s ( abolitionism4 ,!y are compell$ to g !re1 if ! g5tleman w h x s1 9 ord] to def5d & p]petuate ! lib]ties ( ! c\ntry4 ,! hopes ( ! oppress$ spr+ up afre% f ?is discussion ( ! g5tleman4 ,! ?ird class1 ! ,s5ator says1 are ^? :o1 to accompli% _! ends1 act )\t reg>d to consequ5ces4 ,to !m1 all ! rights ( prop]ty1 ( ! ,/ates1 ( ! ,union1 ! ,s5ator says1 are no?+4 ,he says !y aim at o!r objects ?an ^? !y pr(ess--emancipation 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,no1 says ! ,s5ator1 _! object is univ]sal emancipation1 n only 9 ! ,di/rict1 b 9 ! ,t]ritories & 9 ! ,/ates4 ,_! object is to set free ?ree millions ( negro slaves4 ,:o made ! ,s5ator1 9 8 place "h1 ! c5sor ( 8 fell[ citiz5s8 ,:o au?oriz$ him to *>ge !m ) o!r objects ?an ^? !y pr(ess8 ,h[ long is x s9ce ! ,s5ator himself1 on ?is floor1 d5\nc$ slav]y z an evil8 ,:at o!r inducem5ts or object _h he !n 9 view8 ,suppose univ]sal emancipation to be ! object ( ^! petition]s2 is x n a noble & praisewor?y object2 wor?y ( ! ,*ri/ian1 ! philan?ropi/1 ! /atesman1 & ! citiz58 ,b ! ,s5ator says1 !y 7! petition]s7 aim to excite "o portion ( ! c\ntry aga9/ ano!r4 ,i d5y1 sir1 ?is *>ge1 & call = ! pro(2 x is gratuit\s1 uncall$ =1 & unju/ t[>ds my fell[ citiz5s4 ,?is is ! language ( a /rick5 consci5ce1 seek+ = ! palliation ( its own acts by *>g+ guilt ^u o!rs4 ,x is ! language ( ^? :o1 fail+ 9 argum5t1 endeavor to ca/ suspicion ^u ! "* ( _! oppon5ts1 9 ord] to draw public att5tion f !mselves4 ,x is ! language ( disguise & concealm5t1 & n t ( fair & honorable inve/igation1 ! object ( :i* is tru?4 ,i aga9 put 9 a broad d5ial to ?is *>ge1 t any portion ( ^! petition]s1 :om ,i repres5t1 seek to excite "o portion ( ! c\ntry aga9/ ano!r2 & )\t pro( ,i _c admit t ! ass]tion ( ! honorable ,s5ator e/abli%es ! fact4 ,x is b op9ion1 & nak$ ass]tion only4 ,! ,s5ator compla9s t ! means & views ( ! abolitioni/s are n conf9$ to secur+ ! "r ( petition only2 no1 !y resort to o!r means1 he affirms1 to ! ,,ballot ,,box2 & if t fail1 says ! ,s5ator1 _! next appeal w be to ! bayonet4 ,sir1 no man1 :o is an ,am]ican 9 feel+ & 9 he>t1 b ought to repel ?is *>ge in/antly1 & )\t any res]vation :atev]1 t if !y fail at ! ballot box !y w resort to ! bayonet4 ,if su* a fratricidal c\rse %\ld ev] be ?\ght ( 9 our c\ntry1 x w n be by ^? :o seek r$ress ( wrongs1 by ex]cis+ ! "r ( petition1 b by ^? only :o d5y t "r to o!rs1 & seek to usurp ! :ole p[] ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,if ! ballot box fail !m1 ! bayonet may be _! resort1 z mobs & viol5ce n[ are4 ,does ! ,s5ator believe t any portion ( ! hone/ yeomanry ( ! c\ntry ent]ta9 su* ?\ghts8 ,i hope he does n4 ,if ?\ghts ( ?is k9d exi/1 !y are to be f\nd 9 ! he>ts ( aspirants to (fice1 & _! adh]5ts1 & none o!rs4 ,:o1 sir1 is mak+ ?is "q a political affair8 ,n ! petition]s4 ,x 0 ! slavehold+ p[] :i* fir/ made ?is move4 ,i h notic$ = "s "t pa/ t _m ( ! public pr9ts 9 ?is city1 z well z else:]e1 h be5 fill$ ) essays aga9/ abolitioni/s = ex]cis+ ! rights ( freem54 ,bo? political p>ties1 h[ev]1 h c\rt$ !m 9 private & d5\nc$ !m 9 public1 & bo? h equally deceiv$ !m4 ,& :o %all d>e say t an abolitioni/ has no "r to c>ry 8 pr9ciples to ! ballot box8 ,:o fe>s ! ballot box8 ,! hone/ 9 he>t1 ! lov] ( our c\ntry & its in/itutions8 ,no1 sir6 ,x is fe>$ by ! tyrant2 he :o usurps p[]1 & seizes ^u ! lib]ty ( o!rs2 he1 = "o1 fe>s ! ballot box4 ,:]e is ! slave to p>ty 9 ?is c\ntry :o is s lo/ to 8 own dignity1 or s corrupt$ by int]e/ or p[]1 t he does n1 or w n1 c>ry 8 pr9ciples & 8 judgm5t into ! ballot box8 ,su* an "o ought to h ! m>k ( ,ca9 9 8 =ehead1 & s5t to labor among ! negro slaves ( ! ,s\?4 ,! honorable ,s5ator seems anxi\s to take "u 8 c>e ! ballot box1 z he has ! slave sy/em ( ! c\ntry1 & direct :o %all or :o %all n use x = ! r$ress ( :at !y deem a political grievance4 ,suppose ! p[] ( ! ,executive *air %\ld take "u its c>e ! "r ( vot+1 & :o %\ld proscribe any portion ( our citiz5s :o %\ld c>ry ) !m to ! polls ( election _! own op9ions1 cre$s1 & doctr9es4 ,?is w\ld at once be a dea?bl[ to our lib]ties1 & ! rem$y c\ld only be f\nd 9 revolution4 ,!re c be no excuse or pretext = revolution :ile ! ballot box is free4 ,our ,gov]nm5t is n "o ( =ce1 b ( pr9ciple2 its f\ndation re/s on public op9ion1 & its hope is 9 ! morality ( ! nation4 ,! moral p[] ( t ( ! ballot box is suffici5t to correct all abuses4 ,let me1 !n1 proclaim "h1 f ?is high ar5a1 to ! citiz5s n only ( my own ,/ate1 b to ! c\ntry1 to all sects & p>ties :o are entitl$ to ! "r ( suffrage1 ,to ,,! ,,ballot ,,box6 c>ry ) y hone/ly y\r own s5tim5ts respect+ ! welf>e ( y\r c\ntry1 & make !m op]ate z effectually z y c1 ?r\gh t m$ium1 ^u its policy & = its prosp]ity4 ,fe> n ! fr[ns ( p[]4 ,x trembles :ile x d5\nces y4 ,! ,s5ator compla9s t ! abolitioni/s h associat$ ) ! politics ( ! c\ntry4 ,s f> z ,i am capable ( judg+1 ?is *>ge is n well f\nd$2 _m politicians ( ! c\ntry h us$ abolitioni/s z /epp+ /ones to m\nt into p[]2 &1 :5 !re1 h turn$ ab\t & traduc$ !m4 ,he admits t political p>ties are will+ to unite ) !m any class ( m51 9 ord] to c>ry _! purposes4 ,are abolitioni/s1 !n1 to blame if !y pursue ! same c\rse8 ,x seems ! ,s5ator is will+ t 8 p>ty %\ld make use ( ev5 abolitioni/s2 b he is n will+ t abolitioni/s %\ld use ! same p>ty = _! purpose4 ,?is seems n to be 9 accordance ) t equality ( rights ab\t :i* we he>d s mu* at ! la/ session4 ,abolitioni/s h no?+ to fe>4 ,if public op9ion %\ld be = !m1 politicians w be ar\nd & among/ !m z ! locu/s ( ,egypt4 ,! ,s5ator seems to admit t1 if ! abolitioni/s are jo9$ to ei!r p>ty1 !re is dang]--dang] ( :at8 ,t humanity & ju/ice w prevail8 t ! "r ( petition w be secur$ to ,,all ,,equally8 & t ! long lo/ & trodd5 ,african race w be re/or$ to _! natural rights8 ,w\ld ! ,s5ator regret to see ?is accompli%$ by argum5t1 p]suasion1 & ! =ce ( an enlight5$ public op9ion8 ,i hope n2 & ^! petition]s ask ! use ( no o!r weapons 9 ?is w>f>e4 ,^! ultra-abolitioni/s1 says ! ,s5ator1 invoke ! p[] ( ?is gov]nm5t to _! aid4 ,& pray1 sir1 :at p[] %\ld !y invoke8 ,h !y n ! same "r to approa* ?is gov]nm5t z o!r m58 ,is ! ,s5ator or ?is body au?oriz$ to d5y !m any privileges secur$ to o!r citiz5s8 ,if s1 let him %[ me ! *>t] ( 8 p[] & ,i w be sil5t4 ,until he c d ?is1 ,i %all uphold1 ju/ify1 & su/a9 !m1 z ,i d o!r citiz5s4 ,! ex]cise ( p[] by ,congress 9 behalf ( ! slaves )9 ?is ,di/rict1 ! ,s5ator seems to ?9k1 no "o )\t ! ,di/rict has ! lea/ claim to ask =4 ,x is because ,i reside )\t ! ,di/rict1 & am call$ )9 x by ! ,con/itution1 t ,i object to ! exi/5ce ( slav]y "h4 ,i d5y ! g5tleman's position1 !n1 on ?is po9t4 ,on ?is !n1 we are equal4 ,! ,s5ator1 h[ev]1 is at w> ) himself4 ,he cont5ds ! object ( ! cession by ! ,/ates ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 0 to e/abli% a seat ( ,gov]nm5t only1 & to give ,congress :atev] p[] 0 necess>y to r5d] ! ,di/rict a valuable & com=table situation = t purpose1 & t ,congress h full p[] to d :atev] is necess>y = ?is ,di/rict2 & if to aboli% slav]y be necess>y1 to atta9 ! object1 ,congress h p[] to aboli% slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,i am sure ,i quote ! g5tleman sub/antially2 & ,i ?ank him = ?is preci\s confession 9 8 argum5t2 x is :at ,i believe1 & ,i "k x is all ,i feel dispos$ to ask4 ,if we c1 !n1 prove t ?is ,di/rict is n z com=table & conv5i5t a place = ! delib]ations ( ,congress1 & ! com=t ( our citiz5s :o may visit x1 :ile slav]y exi/s "h1 z x w\ld be )\t slav]y1 !n slav]y ought to be aboli%$2 & ,i tru/ we %all h ! di/+ui%$ ,s5ator f ,k5tucky to aid u 9 ?is great national re=mation4 ,i take ! ,s5ator at 8 ^w4 ,i agree ) him t ?is ought to be su* a place z he has describ$2 b ,i d5y t x is s4 ,& ^u :at facts d ,i re/ my d5ial8 ,we are a ,*ri/ian nation1 a moral & religi\s p4 ,i speak = ! free ,/ates1 at lea/ = my own ,/ate2 & :at a contra/ d ! v /reets ( y\r capital daily pres5t to ! ,*ri/ianity & morality ( ! nation8 ,a race ( slaves1 or at lea/ color$ p]sons1 ( e hue f ! jet black ,african1 9 regul> gradation1 up to ! almo/ pure ,anglo-,saxon color4 ,dur+ ! %ort "t (ficial duty has call$ me "h1 ,i h se5 ! really r$ hair$1 ! freckl$1 & ! almo/ :ite negro2 & ,i h be5 a/oni%$ at ! numb]s ( ! mix$ race1 :5 comp>$ ) ^? ( full color1 & ,i h deeply deplor$ ?is /a9 ^u our national morals2 & ! words ( ,dr4 ,*ann+ h1 ?\s&s ( times1 be5 impress$ on my m9d1 t a slave c\ntry reeks ) lic5ti\sness4 ,h[ comes ?is amalgamation ( ! races8 ,x comes f slav]y4 ,x is a disagreeable annoyance to p]sons :o come f ! free ,/ates1 especially to _! ,*ri/ian & moral feel+s4 ,x is a great h9drance to ! prop] dis*>ge ( _! duties :ile "h4 ,remove slav]y f ?is ,di/rict1 & ?is evil w disappe>4 ,we argue ?is circum/ance alone z suffici5t cause to produce t effect4 ,b slav]y pres5ts )9 ! ,di/rict o!r & /ill m appall+ sc5es--sc5es well calculat$ to awak5 ! deepe/ emotions ( ! human he>t4 ,! slave-trade exi/s "h 9 all its ,,horrors1 & un:ipt ( all its crimes4 ,9 view ( ! v *air :i* y n[ occupy1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 if ! massy walls ( ?is build+1 did n prev5t x1 y c\ld see ! prison1 ! p51 ! ,,hell1 :]e human be+s1 :5 pur*as$ = sale1 are kept until a c>go c be procur$ = transportation to a ,s\!rn or =eign m>ket1 = ,i h little d\bt slaves are c>ri$ to ,texas = sale1 ?\gh ,i d n "k ! fact4 ,sir1 s9ce ,congress h be5 9 session1 a m\rnful gr\p ( ^! unhappy be+s1 "s ?irty or =ty1 7 m>*$1 z if 9 d]ision ( memb]s ( ,congress1 9 view ( y\r ,capitol1 *a9$ & manacl$ toge!r1 9 op5 day-light1 yes1 9 ! v face ( heav5 itself1 to be %ipp$ at ,baltimore = a =eign m>ket4 ,i did n witness ?is cruel transaction1 b speak f :at ,i h he>d & believe4 ,is ?is ,di/rict1 !n1 a fit place = our delib]ations1 ^: feel+s are outrag$ ) impunity ) transactions l ?is8 ,suppose1 sir1 t m\rnful & degrad+ spectacle 0 at ?is mom5t exhibit$ "u ! w9d[s ( our *amb]1 d y ?9k ! ,s5ate c\ld delib]ate1 c\ld cont9ue ) t composure & att5tion :i* ,i see ar\nd me8 ,no1 sir2 all y\r p[]s c\ld n pres]ve ord] = a mom5t4 ,! feel+s ( humanity w\ld ov]come ^? ( reg>d = ! peculi> in/itutions ( ! ,/ates2 & ?\gh we w\ld be politically & legally b\nd n to int]f]e1 we are n morally b\nd to )hold our sympa?y & our execration 9 witness+ su* inhuman traffic4 ,?is traffic alone1 9 ?is ,di/rict1 r5d]s x an uncom=table & unfit place = y\r seat ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,sir1 x is b "o or two ye>s s9ce ,i saw /&+ at ! railroad depot1 z ,i pass$ f my bo>d+ h\se to ?is *amb]1 "s l>ge wagons & teams1 z if wait+ = freight2 ! c>s _h n !n arriv$4 ,i 0 inquir$ (1 :5 ,i return$ to my lodg+s1 by my l&lady1 if ,i knew ! object ( ^? wagons :i* ,i saw 9 ! morn+4 ,i repli$1 ,i did n2 ,i suppose !y came & 7 wait+ = load+4 ,yes1 = slaves1 said %e2 & "o ( ^? wagons 0 fill$ ) little boys & little girls1 :o _h be5 b\ght up ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 & 7 to be tak5 to a s\!rn m>ket4 ,ah1 sir6 cont9u$ %e1 x made my v he>t a*e to see !m4 ,! v recital unn]v$ & unfitt$ me = ?\ght or reflection on any o!r subject = "s "t4 ,x is sc5es l ?is1 ( :i* ladies ( my c\ntry & my /ate compla9$ 9 _! petitions1 "s "t s9ce1 z r5d]+ ?is ,di/rict unpleasant1 %\ld !y visit ! capital ( ! nation z wives1 si/]s1 daught]s1 or fri5ds ( memb]s ( ,congress4 ,yet1 sir1 ^! respectable females 7 treat$ "h ) contemptu\s sne]s2 !y 7 comp>$1 on ?is floor1 to ! fi%-wom5 ( ,p>is1 :o dipp$ _! f+]s 9 ! blood ( revolution>y ,france4 ,sir1 if ! transaction 9 slaves "h1 :i* ,i h m5tion$1 c\ld make su* an impression on ! he>t ( a lady1 a resid5t ( ! ,di/rict1 "o :o _h be5 us$ to slaves1 & 0 probably an own]1 :at w\ld be ! feel+s ( ladies f free /ates on behold+ a l transaction8 ,i w leave e g5tleman & e lady to answ] = !mselves4 ,i am unable to describe x4 ,%all ! capital ( y\r c\ntry long] exhibit sc5es s revolt+ to humanity1 t ! ladies ( y\r c\ntry _c visit x )\t disgu/8 ,no2 wipe (f ! f\l /a91 & let x become a suitable & com=table place = ! seat ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,s5ator1 z if consci\s t 8 argum5t on ?is po9t _h prov$ too mu*1 & ( c\rse _h prov5 ! conv]se ( :at he wi%$ to e/abli%1 conclud$ ?is "p by say+1 t if slav]y is aboli%$1 ! act ought to be conf9$ to ! city alone4 ,we ?ank him = ?is small spr9kl+ ( correct op9ion ^u ?is arid wa/e ( public feel+4 ,lib]ty may yet vegetate & gr[ ev5 "h4 ,! ,s5ator insi/s t ! ,/ates ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& w\ld nev] h c$$ ?is ,di/rict if !y _h h ?\ght slav]y w\ld ev] h be5 aboli%$ 9 x4 ,?is is an old /ory twice told4 ,x 0 nev]1 h[ev]1 ?\ght (1 until ! slave p[] imag9$ x1 = its own security4 ,let ! ,/ates ask a retrocession ( ! ,di/rict1 & ,i am sure ! free ,/ates w rejoice to make ! grant4 ,! ,s5ator condemns ! abolitioni/s = desir+ t slav]y %\ld n exi/ 9 ! ,t]ritories1 ev5 9 ,florida4 ,he insi/s t1 by ! treaty1 ! inhabitants ( t c\ntry h ! "r to remove _! ,,effects :5 !y please2 & t1 by ?is condition1 !y h ! "r to reta9 _! slaves z effects1 indep5d5tly ( ! p[] ( ,congress4 ,i am no diplomati/1 sir1 b ,i v5ture to d5y ! conclusion ( ! ,s5ator's argum5t4 ,9 all our int]c\rse ) =eign nations1 9 all our treaties 9 :i* ! words goods1 effects1 c4 are us$1 slaves h nev] be5 consid]$ z includ$4 ,9 all cases 9 :i* slaves are ! subject matt] ( controv]sy1 !y are specially nam$ by ! ^w slaves2 &1 if ,i rememb] rightly1 x has be5 decid$ 9 ,congress1 t slaves are n prop]ty = :i* a comp5sation %all be made :5 tak5 = public use1 7or r1 slaves _c be consid]$ z tak5 = public use17 or z prop]ty by ! enemy1 :5 !y are 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,if ,i am correct1 z ,i believe ,i am1 9 ! positions ,i h assum$1 ! g5tleman c say no?+1 by ?is "p ( 8 argum5t1 aga9/ abolitioni/s1 = ask+ t slav]y %all n exi/ 9 ,florida4 ,! g5tleman cont5ds t ! p[] to remove slaves f "o ,/ate to ano!r1 = sale1 is f\nd 9 t "p ( ! ,con/itution :i* gives ,congress ! p[] to regulate comm]ce )9 ! ,/ates1 c4 ,?is argum5t is non sequit]1 unless ! honorable ,s5ator c fir/ prove t slaves are prop] articles = comm]ce4 ,we say t ,congress h p[] ov] slaves only z p]sons4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates c protect p]sons1 b _c make !m prop]ty1 & !y h full p[] 9 regulat+ comm]ce1 & c1 9 su* regulations1 prohibit f its op]ations e ?+ b prop]ty2 prop]ty made s by ! laws ( nature1 & n by any municipal regulations4 ,! dom9ion ( man ov] ?+s1 z prop]ty1 0 settl$ by 8 ,creator :5 man 0 fir/ plac$ ^u ! e>?4 ,he 0 to subdue ! e>?1 & h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 ! f[ls ( ! air1 & ov] e liv+ ?+ t move? ^u ! e>?2 e h]b be>+ se$1 & ! fruit ( a tree yield+ se$1 0 giv5 = 8 use4 ,?is is ! f\ndation ( all "r 9 prop]ty ( e description4 ,x is = ! use ( man ! grant is made1 & ( c\rse man _c be includ$ 9 ! grant4 ,e municipal regulation1 !n1 ( any ,/ate1 or any ( its peculi> in/itutions1 :i* makes man prop]ty1 is a violation ( ?is great law ( nature1 & is f\nd$ 9 usurpation & tyranny1 & is accompli%$ by =ce1 fraud1 or an abuse ( p[]4 ,x is a violation ( ! pr9ciples ( tru? & ju/ice1 9 subject+ ! weak] to ! /rong] man4 ,9 a ,*ri/ian nation su* prop]ty c =m no j gr\nd = comm]cial regulations1 b ought to be /rictly prohibit$4 ,i !re=e believe x is ! duty ( ,congress1 by virtue ( ?is p[]1 to regulate comm]ce1 to prohibit1 at once1 slaves be+ us$ z articles ( trade4 ,! g5tleman says1 ! ,con/itution left ! subject ( slav]y entirely to ! ,/ates4 ,to ?is position ,i ass5t2 &1 z ! ,/ates _c regulate _! own comm]ce1 b ! same be+ ! "r ( ,congress1 t body _c make slaves an article ( comm]ce1 because slav]y is left entirely to ! ,/ates 9 :i* x exi/s2 & slaves )9 ^? ,/ates1 accord+ to ! g5tleman1 are exclud$ f ! p[] ( ,congress4 ,c ,congress1 9 regulat+ comm]ce among ! sev]al ,/ates1 au?orize ! transportation ( articles f "o ,/ate1 & _! sale 9 ano!r1 :i* !y h n p[] s to au?orize 9 any ,/ate8 ,i _c believe 9 su* doctr9e2 & ,i n[ solemnly prote/ aga9/ ! p[] ( ,congress to au?orize ! transportation to1 & ! sale 91 ,ohio1 ( any negro slave :atev]1 or = any possible purpose "u ! sun4 ,:o is !re 9 ,ohio1 or else:]e1 t w d>e d5y ?is position8 ,if ,ohio conta9s su* a recreant to h] con/itution & policy1 ,i hope he may h ! boldness to /& =? & av[ x4 ,if ! ,/ates 9 :i* slav]y exi/s love x z a h\sehold god1 let !m keep x !re1 & n call ^u u 9 ! free ,/ates to (f] inc5se to _! idol4 ,we d n seek to t\* x ) unhall[$ h&s1 b ) pure h&s1 uprais$ 9 ! cause ( tru? & suff]+ humanity4 ,! g5tleman admits t1 at ! =mation ( our ,gov]nm5t1 x 0 fe>$ t slav]y might ev5tually divide or di/ract our c\ntry2 &1 z ! ,,ballot ,,box seems cont9ually to haunt 8 imag9ation1 he says !re is real dang] ( dissolution ( ! ,union if abolitioni/s1 z is evid5t !y d1 w c>ry _! pr9ciples into ! ,,ballot ,,box4 ,if n disunion 9 fact1 at lea/ 9 feel+1 9 ! c\ntry1 :i* is always ! precursor to ! cla% ( arms4 ,& ! g5tleman fur!r says we are taught by holy writ1 t ! race is n to ! swift1 nor ! battle to ! /rong4 ,! moral ( ! g5tleman's argum5t is1 t tru? & righte\sness w prevail1 ?\gh oppos$ by p[] & influ5ce2 t abolitioni/s1 ?\gh few 9 numb]1 are greatly to be fe>$2 "o1 z ,i h said1 may *ase a ?\s&1 & two put t5 ?\s& to flight2 &1 z _! weapons ( w>f>e are n c>nal1 b mighty to ! pull+ d[n ( /rong holds1 ev5 slav]y itself2 & z ! ballot box is ! great moral lev] 9 political action1 ! g5tleman w\ld exclude abolitioni/s entirely f its use1 & = op9ion's sake1 d5y !m ?is high privilege ( e ,am]ican citiz54 ,p]mit me1 sir1 to rem9d ! g5tleman ( ano!r text ( holy writ4 ,! wick$ flee :5 no man pursue?1 b ! righte\s are bold z a lion4 ,! ,s5ator says t ^? :o h slaves1 are sometimes suppos$ to be "u too mu* al>m4 ,does ?is prove ! application ( ! text ,i h j quot$3 ,consci5ce sometimes makes c[>ds ( u all4 ,! ,s5ator appeals to abolitioni/s1 & besee*es !m to cease _! ef=ts on ! subject ( slav]y1 if !y wi%1 says he1 to ex]cise _! b5evol5ce4 ,:at6 ,abolitioni/s b5evol5t6 ,he hopes !y w select "s object n s t]rible4 ,oh1 sir1 he is will+ !y %\ld pay ti!s ( m9t & rue1 b ! weight] matt]s ( ! law1 judgm5t & m]cy1 he w\ld h !m entirely ov]look4 ,i ought to ?ank ! ,s5ator = introduc+ holy writ into ?is debate1 & in=m him 8 argum5ts are n ! s5tim5ts ( ,him1 :o1 :5 on e>?1 w5t ab\t do+ good4 ,! ,s5ator fur!r entreats ! cl]gy to desi/ f _! ef=ts 9 behalf ( abolitionism4 ,:o au?oriz$ ! ,s5ator1 z a politician1 to use 8 influ5ce to po9t out to ! cl]gy :at !y %\ld prea*1 or = :at !y %\ld pray8 ,w\ld ! ,s5ator d>e ex]t 8 p[] "h to b9d ! consci5ces ( m58 ,by :at rule ( e?ics1 !n1 does he und]take to use 8 influ5ce1 f ?is high place ( p[]1 9 ord] to ga9 ! same object1 ,i am at a loss to det]m9e4 ,sir1 ?is movem5t ( ! ,s5ator is f> m c5surable & dang]\s1 z an attempt to unite ,*ur* & ,/ate1 ?an 7 ! petitions aga9/ ,sunday mails1 ! report 9 opposition to :i* ga9$ = y1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 s mu* applause 9 ! c\ntry4 ,i1 sir1 also appeal to ! cl]gy to ma9ta9 _! rights ( consci5ce2 & if !y believe slav]y to be a s91 we ought to honor & respect !m = _! op5 d5unciation ( x1 r ?an call on !m to desi/1 = betwe5 _! consci5ce & _! ,god1 we h no p[] to int]f]e2 we d n wi% to make !m political ag5ts = any purpose4 ,b ! ,s5ator is n cont5t to entreat ! cl]gy alone to desi/2 he calls on 8 c\ntrywom5 to w>n !m1 also1 to cease _! ef=ts1 & rem9ds !m t ! ink %$ f ! p5 held 9 _! fair f+]s :5 writ+ _! names to abolition petitions1 may be ! cause ( %$d+ mu* human blood6 ,sir1 ! language t[>ds ?is class ( petition]s is v mu* *ang$ ( late2 !y =m]ly 7 pron\nc$ idl]s1 fanatics1 old wom5 & s*ool misses1 unwor?y ( respect f intellig5t & respectable m54 ,i w>n$ g5tlem5 !n t !y w\ld *ange _! language2 ! bl[s !y aim$ fell h>mless at ! feet ( ^? aga9/ :om !y 7 int5d$ to injure4 ,9 ?is movem5t ( my c\ntrywom5 ,i ?\ght 0 pla9ly to be discov]$ ! op]ations ( ,provid5ce1 & a sure sign ( ! f9al triumph ( univ]sal emancipation4 ,all hi/ory1 bo? sacr$ & pr(ane1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 be>s te/imony to ! efficacy ( female influ5ce & p[] 9 ! cause ( human lib]ty4 ,f ! "t ( ! pres]vation1 by ! h&s ( wom51 ( ! great ,jewi% law-giv]1 9 8 infantile h\rs1 & :o 0 pres]v$ = ! purpose ( free+ 8 c\ntrym5 f ,egyptian bondage1 has woman be5 made a p[]ful ag5t 9 break+ to pieces ! rod ( ! oppressor4 ,) a pure & uncontam9at$ m9d1 h] actions spr+ f ! deepe/ recesses ( ! human he>t4 ,d5\nce h] z y w1 y _c det] h] f h] duty4 ,pa91 sickness1 want1 pov]ty & ev5 dea? itself =m no ob/acles 9 h] onw>d m>*4 ,ev5 ! t5d] ,virg9 w\ld dress1 z a m>tyr = ! /ake1 z = h] bridal h\r1 r ?an make sacrifice ( h] purity & duty4 ,! eloqu5ce ( ! ,s5ate1 & cla% ( arms1 are alike p[]ful :5 br\ght 9 opposition to ! influ5ce ( pure & virtu\s woman4 ,! lib]ty ( ! slave seems n[ to be committ$ to h] *>ge1 & :o c d\bt h] f9al triumph8 ,i d n4--,y _c fight aga9/ h] & hope = success2 & well does ! ,s5ator "k ?is2 h5ce ?is appeal to h] feel+s to t]rify h] f t :i* %e believes to be h] duty4 ,x is a va9 attempt4 ,! ,s5ator says t x 0 ! pr9ciples ( ! ,con/itution :i* c>ri$ u ?r\gh ! ,revolution4 ,surely x 02 & to use ! language ( ano!r ,s5ator f a slave ,/ate1 on a =m] occasion1 ^! are ! v pr9ciples on :i* ! abolitioni/s plant !mselves4 ,x 0 ! pr9ciple t all m5 are born ,,free ,,& ,,equal1 t n]v$ ! arm ( our fa!rs 9 _! conte/ = indep5d5ce4 ,x 0 = ! natural & inh]5t rights ( man !y cont5d$4 ,x is a libel ^u ! ,con/itution to say t its object 0 n lib]ty1 b slav]y1 = millions ( ! human race4 ,! ,s5ator1 well fe>+ t all 8 eloqu5ce & 8 argum5ts ?us f> are b *aff1 :5 weigh$ 9 ! balance aga9/ tru? & ju/ice1 seems to f9d consolation 9 ! idea1 & says t :i* opposes ! ult]ior object ( abolitioni/s1 is t ! g5]al gov]nm5t has no p[] to act on ! subject ( slav]y1 & t ! ,con/itution or ! ,union w\ld n la/ an h\r if ! p[] claim$ 0 ex]cis$ by ,congress4 ,x is slav]y1 !n1 & n lib]ty1 t makes u "o p4 ,to dissolve slav]y1 is to dissolve ! ,union4 ,:y require ( u to support ! ,con/itution by oa?1 if ! ,con/itution itself is subject to ! p[] ( slav]y1 & n ! moral p[] ( ! c\ntry8 ,*ange ! =m ( ! oa? :i* y adm9i/] to ,s5ators on tak+ seats "h1 swe> !m to support slav]y1 & accord+ to ! logic ( ! g5tleman1 ! ,con/itution & ! ,union w bo? be safe4 ,we he> almo/ daily ?reats ( dissolv+ ! ,union1 & f :5ce d !y come8 ,f citiz5s ( ! free ,/ates8 ,no6 ,f ! slave ,/ates only4 ,:y wi% to dissolve x8 ,! reason is pla91 t a new gov]nm5t may be =m$1 by :i* we1 z a nation1 may be made a slavehold+ p4 ,no imp>tial obs]v] ( pass+ ev5ts1 c1 9 my humble judgm5t1 d\bt ! tru? ( ?is4 ,! ,s5ator ?9ks ! abolitioni/s 9 error1 if !y wi% ! slavehold] to free 8 slave4 ,he asks1 :y d5\nce him8 ,i _c admit ! tru? ( ! "q2 b ,i might well ask ! g5tleman1 & ! slavehold]s g5]ally1 :y are y angry at me1 because ,i tell y ! tru?8 ,x is ! light ( tru? :i* ! slavehold] _c endure2 a pla9 unv>ni%$ tale ( :at slav]y is1 he consid]s a libel ^u himself4 ,! fact is1 ! slavehold] feels ! leprosy ( slav]y ^u him4 ,he is anxi\s to hide ! odi\s disease f ! public eye1 & ! ballot box & ! "r ( petition1 :5 us$ aga9/ him1 he feels z %>p repro(2 & be+ unwill+ to r5\nce 8 errors1 he tries to escape f _! consequ5ces1 by mak+ ! _w believe t ,,he is ! p]secut$1 & n ! p]secutor4 ,slavehold]s h said "h1 dur+ ?is v session1 ! fact is1 slav]y w n be> exam9ation4 ,x is ! ,s5ator :o d5\nces abolitioni/s = ! ex]cise ( _! mo/ unque/ionable rights1 :ile abolitioni/s condemn t only :i* ! ,s5ator himself w ackn[l$ge to be wrong at all times & "u all circum/ances4 ,because he admits t if x 0 an orig9al "q :e!r slaves %\ld be introduc$ among u1 b few citiz5s w\ld be f\nd to agree to x1 & none m oppos$ to x ?an himself4 ,! argum5t is1 t ! evil ( slav]y is incurable2 t ! attempt to eradicate x w\ld comm5ce a /ruggle :i* w\ld ext]m9ate "o race or ! o!r4 ,:at a lam5table picture ( our gov]nm5t1 s (t5 pron\nc$ ! be/ ^u e>?6 ,! se$s ( disease1 :i* 7 int]wov5 into its fir/ exi/5ce1 h n[ become s incorporat$ into its frame1 t !y _c be extract$ )\t dissolv+ ! :ole fabric2 t we mu/ endure ! evil )\t hope & )\t compla9t4 ,our v natures mu/ be *ang$ be=e we c be br\ght tamely to submit to ?is doctr9e4 ,! evil w be rem$i$3 & to use ! language ( ,jeff]son aga91 ?is p w yet be free4 ,! ,s5ator f9ds consolation1 h[ev] 9 ! mid/ ( ?is exi/+ evil1 9 color & ca/e4 ,! black race 7says he7 is ! /rong gr\nd ( slav]y 9 our c\ntry4 ,yes1 x is color1 n "r & ju/ice1 t is to cont9ue =ev] slav]y 9 our c\ntry4 ,x is prejudice aga9/ color1 :i* is ! /rong gr\nd ( ! slavehold]'s hope4 ,is t prejudice f\nd$ 9 nature1 or is x ! effect ( base & sordid int]e/8 ,let ! mix$ race :i* we see "h1 f black to almo/ p]fect :ite1 spr++ f :ite fa!rs1 answ] ! "q4 ,slav]y has no j f\ndation 9 color3 x re/s exclusively ^u usurpation1 tyranny1 oppressive fraud1 & =ce4 ,^! 7 its p>5ts 9 e age & c\ntry ( ! _w4 ,! ,s5ator says1 ! next or greate/ difficulty to emancipation is1 ! am\nt ( prop]ty x w\ld take f ! own]s4 ,all ideas ( "r & wrong are conf\nd$ 9 ^! words3 emancipate prop]ty1 emancipate a horse1 or an ox1 w\ld n only be unmean+1 b a ludicr\s expression4 ,to emancipate is to set free f slav]y4 ,to emancipate1 is to set free a man1 n prop]ty4 ,! ,s5ator e/imates ! numb] ( slaves--m5 n[ held 9 bondage--at ?ree millions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,is ?is /atem5t made "h by ! same voice :i* 0 he>d 9 ?is ,capitol 9 favor ( ! lib]ties ( ,greece1 & = ! emancipation ( our ,s\? ,am]ican bre?r5 f political ?ralldom8 ,x is2 & has all its f]vor 9 favor ( lib]ty be5 exhau/$ ^u =eign c\ntries1 s z n to leave a s+le :isp] 9 favor ( ?ree millions ( m5 9 our own c\ntry1 n[ groan+ "u ! mo/ gall+ oppression ! _w ev] saw8 ,no1 sir4 ,sordid int]e/ rules ! h\r4 ,m5 are made prop]ty1 & pap] is made money1 & ! ,s5ator1 no d\bt1 sees 9 ^! two peculi> in/itutions a p[] :i*1 if unit$1 w be able to accompli% all 8 wi%es4 ,he in=ms u t "s h comput$ ! slaves to be wor? ! av]age am\nt ( five hundr$ doll>s ea*4 ,he w e/imate )9 b\nds at f\r hundr$ doll>s ea*4 ,mak+ ! am\nt twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s' wor? ( slave prop]ty4 ,i he>d ?is /atem5t1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ) emotions ( ! deepe/ feel+4 ,by :at rule ( political or comm]cial ari?metic does ! ,s5ator calculate ! am\nt ( prop]ty 9 human be+s8 ,c x be fancy or fact1 t ,i he> su* calculation1 t ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates own twelve hundr$ millions' 7d\ble ! am\nt ( all ! specie 9 ! _w7 wor? ( prop]ty 9 human fle%6 ,& ?is prop]ty is own$1 ! g5tleman in=ms u1 by all classes ( society1 =m+ "p ( all our contracts )9 our own c\ntry & 9 ,europe4 ,i %\ld h be5 glad1 sir1 to h be5 sp>$ ! he>+ ( a decl>ation ( ?is k9d1 especially f ! high s\rce & ! place f :i* x emanat$4 ,b ! ass]tion has gone =? t we h twelve hundr$ millions ( slave prop]ty at ! ,s\?2 & c any man s close 8 und]/&+ "h z n pla9ly to p]ceive t ! p[] ( ?is va/ am\nt ( prop]ty at ! ,s\? is n[ unit+ itself to ! bank+ p[] ( ! ,nor?1 9 ord] to gov]n ! de/9ies ( ?is c\ntry4 ,six hundr$ millions ( bank+ capital is to be br\ght into ?is coalition1 & ! slave p[] & ! bank p[] are ?us to unite 9 ord] to break d[n ! pres5t adm9i/ration4 ,!re c be no mi/ake1 z ,i believe1 9 ?is matt]4 ,! ari/ocracy ( ! ,nor?1 :o1 by ! p[] ( a corrupt bank+ sy/em1 & ! ari/ocracy ( ! ,s\?1 by ! p[] ( ! slave sy/em1 bo? fatt5+ ^u ! labor ( o!rs1 are n[ ab\t to unite 9 ord] to make ! reign ( ea* p]petual4 ,is !re an indep5d5t ,am]ican to be f\nd1 :o w become ! recreant slave to su* an unholy comb9ation8 ,is ?is ano!r compromise to b>t] ! lib]ties ( ! c\ntry = p]sonal aggr&isem5t8 ,resi/ance to tyrants is ob$i5ce to ,god4 ,! ,s5ator fur!r insi/s1 t :at ! law makes prop]ty is prop]ty4 ,?is is ! pr$icate ( ! g5tleman2 he has nei!r facts nor reason to prove x2 yet ^u ?is alone does he re/ ! :ole case t negroes are prop]ty4 ,i d5y ! pr$icate & ! argum5t4 ,suppose ! ,legislature ( ! ,s5ator's own ,/ate %\ld pass a law decl>+ 8 wife1 8 *ildr51 8 fri5ds1 inde$1 any :ite citiz5 ( ,k5tucky1 prop]ty1 & %\ld !y be sold & transf]r$ z su*1 w\ld ! g5tleman fold 8 arms & say1 ,yes1 !y are prop]ty1 = ! law has made !m su*8 ,no1 sir2 he w\ld d5\nce su* law ) m vehem5ce ?an he n[ d5\nces abolitioni/s1 & w\ld d5y ! au?ority ( human legislation to accompli% an object s cle>ly beyond its p[]4 ,human laws1 ,i cont5d1 _c make human be+s prop]ty1 if human =ce c d x4 ,if x is compet5t = our legislatures to make a black man prop]ty1 x is compet5t = !m to make a :ite man ! same2 & ! same objection exi/s to ! p[] ( ! p 9 an organic law = _! own gov]nm5t2 !y _c make prop]ty ( ea* o!r2 &1 9 ! language ( ! ,con/itution ( ,indiana1 su* an act c only orig9ate 9 usurpation & tyranny4 ,dreadful1 inde$1 w\ld be ! condition ( ?is c\ntry1 if ^! pr9ciples %\ld n only be c>ri$ into ! ballot box1 b into ! presid5tial *air4 ,! idea t abolitioni/s ought to pay = ! slaves if !y are set free1 & t !y ought to ?9k ( ?is1 is address$ to _! fe>s1 & n to _! judgm5t4 ,!re is no pr9ciple ( morality or ju/ice t %\ld require !m or our citiz5s g5]ally to d s4 ,to free a slave is to take f usurpation t :i* x has made prop]ty & giv5 to ano!r1 & be/[ x ^u ! rightful own]4 ,x is n tak+ prop]ty f its true own] = public use4 ,m5 c d ) _! own z !y please1 to v>y _! peace if !y wi%1 b _c be compell$ to d s4 ,! g5tleman repeats ! ass]tion t has be5 repeat$ a ?\s& & "o times3 t abolitioni/s are ret>d+ ! emancipation ( ! slave1 & h ?r[n x back fifty or a hundr$ ye>s2 t !y h increas$ ! rigors ( slav]y1 & caus$ ! ma/] to treat 8 slave ) m sev]ity4 ,slav]y1 !n1 is to cease at "s p]iod2 & because ! abolitioni/s h said to ! slavehold]1 ,n[ is ! accept$ "t1 & because he ?9ks ?is an improp] int]f]5ce1 & n hav+ ! abolitioni/s 9 8 p[]1 he inflicts 8 v5geance on 8 un(f5d+ slave6 ,! moral ( ?is /ory is1 ! slavehold] w ex]cise m cruelty because he is desir$ to %[ m]cy4 ,i d n envy ! s5ator ! full b5efit ( 8 argum5t4 ,x is no d\bt a true picture ( ! feel+s & pr9ciples :i* slav]y eng5d]s 9 ! brea/ ( ! ma/]4 ,x is 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! ?reat we almo/ daily he>2 t if petition]s d n cease _! ef=ts 9 ! ex]cise ( _! con/itutional rights1 o!rs w dissolve ! ,union4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 ought to be e/eem$ idle ass]tions & idle ?reats4 ,! ,s5ator tells u t ! consequ5ces aris+ f ! fre$om ( slaves1 w\ld be to r$uce ! wages ( ! :ite labor]4 ,he has furni%$ u ) nei!r data nor fact ^u :i* ?is op9ion c re/4 ,he1 h[ev]1 w\ld draw a l9e1 on "o side ( :i* he w\ld place ! slave labor1 & on ! o!r side free :ite labor2 & look+ ov] ! :ole1 z a g5]al sy/em1 bo? w\ld appe> on a p]fect equality4 ,i h obs]v$1 = "s ye>s pa/1 t ! s\!rn slavehold] has insi/$ t 8 labor]s are1 9 po9t ( integrity1 morality1 usefulness1 & com=t1 equal to ! labor+ population ( ! ,nor?4 ,?us endeavor+ to raise ! slave 9 public e/imation1 to an equality ) ! free :ite labor] ( ! ,nor?2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! nor!rn ari/ocrat has1 9 ! same mann]1 viz43 by comp>ison1 endeavor$ to r$uce 8 labor]s to ! moral & political condition ( ! slaves ( ! ,s\?4 ,x is = ! free :ite ,am]ican citiz5s to det]m9e :e!r !y w p]mit su* degrad+ comp>isons long] to exi/4 ,already has ?is _s brok5 =? 9 d5unciation ( ! "r ( univ]sal suffrage4 ,w free :ite labor+ citiz5s take w>n+ be=e x is too late8 ,! la/1 ! great1 ! cry+ s9 ( abolitioni/s1 9 ! eyes ( ! ,s5ator1 is t !y are oppos$ to colonization1 & 9 favor ( amalgamation4 ,x is n necess>y n[ to ent] into any ( ! b5efits & advantages ( colonization2 ! ,s5ator has pron\nc$ x ! noble/ s*eme ev] devis$ by man2 he says x is p[]ful b h>mless4 ,i h no k ( any result+ b5efits f ! s*eme to ei!r race4 ,i h n a d\bt z to ! real object int5d$ by its f\nd]s2 x did n arise f pr9ciples ( humanity & b5evol5ce t[>ds ! color$ race1 b a desire to remove ! free ( t race beyond ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to p]petuate & make slav]y m secure4 ,! ,s5ator fur!r makes ! broad *>ge1 t abolitioni/s wi% to en=ce ! unnatural sy/em ( amalgamation4 ,we d5y ! fact1 & call on ! ,s5ator = pro(4 ,! citiz5s ( ! free ,/ates1 ! petition]s aga9/ slav]y1 ! abolitioni/s ( ! free ,/ates 9 favor ( amalgamation6 ,no1 sir6 ,if y want evid5ce ( ! fact1 & reason+ 9 support ( amalgamation1 y mu/ look into ! slave ,/ates2 x is !re x spreads & fl\ri%es f slave mo!rs1 & pres5ts all possible colors & complexions1 f ! jet black ,african to ! sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ :ite p]son4 ,does any "o ne$ pro( ( ?is fact8 let him take b a few turns ?r\gh ! /reets ( y\r capital1 & obs]ve ^? :om he %all meet1 & he w be p]fectly satisfi$4 ,amalgamation1 inde$6 ,! *>ge is made ) a v bad grace on ! pres5t occasion4 ,no1 sir2 x is n ! negro woman1 x is ! slave & ! contam9at+ influ5ce ( slav]y t is ! "m ( amalgamation4 ,does ! g5tleman want facts on ?is subject8 let him look at ! color$ race 9 ! free ,/ates2 x is a r>e occurr5ce !re4 ,a colony ( blacks1 "s ?ree or f\r hundr$1 7 settl$1 "s fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s s9ce1 9 ! c\nty ( ,br[n1 a few miles di/ant f my =m] resid5ce 9 ,ohio1 & ,i 0 told by a p]son liv+ ne> !m1 a c\ntry m]*ant ) :om !y dealt1 :5 conv]s+ ) him on ?is v subject1 he in=m$ me he knew ( b "o in/ance ( a mulatto *ild be+ born among/ !m = ! la/ fifte5 ye>s2 & ,i v5ture ! ass]tion1 _h ?is same colony be5 settl$ 9 a slave ,/ate1 ! cases ( a l k9d w\ld h be5 f> m num]\s4 ,i repeat aga91 9 ! words ( ,dr4 ,*ann+1 x is a slave c\ntry t reeks ) lic5ti\sness ( ?is k9d1 & = pro( ,i ref] to ! op9ions ( ,judge ,h>p]1 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 8 def5ce ( s\!rn slav]y4 ,! ,s5ator1 z if fe>+ t he _h made 8 *>ge too broad1 & might fail 9 pro( to su/a9 x1 seems to /op %ort1 & make ! inquiry1 :]e is ! process ( amalgamation to beg98 ,he _h he>d ( no in/ance ( ! k9d aga9/ abolitioni/s2 !y 7! abolitioni/s7 w\ld beg9 x ) ! labor+ class2 & if ,i und]/& ! ,s5ator correctly1 t abolitionism1 by ?r[+ toge!r ! :ite & ! black labor]s1 w\ld naturally produce ?is result4 ,sir1 ,i regret1 ,i deplore1 t su* a *>ge %\ld be made aga9/ ! labor+ class--t class :i* tills ! gr\nd2 &1 9 ob$i5ce to ! decree ( _! ,mak]1 eat _! bread 9 ! sweat ( _! face--t class1 z ,mr4 ,jeff]son says1 if ,god has a *os5 p on e>?1 !y are ^? :o ?us labor4 ,?is *>ge is calculat$ = effect1 to induce ! labor+ class to believe1 t if emancipation takes place1 !y w be1 9 ! free ,/ates1 r$uc$ to ! same condition z ! color$ labor]4 ,! rev]se ( t is ! tru? ( ! case4 ,x is ! slavehold] ,,n[1 he :o looks ^u labor z only fit = a s]vile race1 x is him & 8 k9dr$ spirits :o live ^u ! labor ( o!rs1 endeavor+ to r$uce ! :ite labor] to ! condition ( ! slave4 ,!y d n yet claim him z prop]ty1 b !y w\ld exclude him f all p>ticipation 9 ! public affairs ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is fur!r said1 t if ! negroes 7 free1 ! black w\ld rival ! :ite labor] 9 ! free ,/ates4 ,i _c believe x1 :ile s _m facts exi/ to prove ! contr>y4 ,negroes1 l ! :ite race1 b ) /rong] feel+s1 are atta*$ to ! place ( _! bir?1 & ! home ( _! y\?2 & ! climate ( ! ,s\? is cong5ial to _! natures1 m ?an t ( ! ,nor?4 ,if emancipation %\ld take place at ! ,s\?--& ! negro be fre$ f ! fe> ( be+ made m]*&ize1 !y w\ld remove f ! free ,/ates ( ! ,nor? & ,we/1 imm$iately return to t c\ntry1 because x is ! home ( _! fri5ds & fa!rs4 ,already 9 ,ohio1 z f> z my k ext5ds1 has free :ite labor1 7emigrants17 f =eign c\ntries1 engross$ almo/ entirely all situations 9 :i* male or female labor is f\nd4 ,b1 sir1 ?is plea ( necessity & conv5i5ce is ! plea ( tyrants4 ,has n ! free black p]son ! same "r to ! use ( 8 h&s z ! :ite p]son3 ! same "r to contract & labor = :at price he pleases8 ,w\ld ! g5tleman ext5d ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5t to ! regulation ( ! productive indu/ry ( ! c\ntry8 ,?is 0 8 =m] !ory1 b put d[n effectually by ! public voice4 ,tak+ advantage ( ! prejudice aga9/ labor1 ! attempt is n[ be+ made to beg9 ?is same sy/em1 by fir/ op]at+ on ! poor black labor]4 ,= %ame6 let u cease f attempts ( ?is k9d4 ,! ,s5ator in=ms u t ! "q 0 ask$ fifty ye>s ago t is n[ ask$1 ,c ! negro be cont9u$ =ev] 9 bondage8 ,yes2 & x w cont9ue to be ask$1 9 /ill l\d] & l\d] tones4 ,b1 says ! ,s5ator1 we are yet a prosp]\s & happy nation4 ,pray1 sir1 9 :at "p ( y\r c\ntry d y f9d ?is prosp]ity & happ9ess8 ,9 ! slave ,/ates8 ,no6 no6 ,!re all is weakness gloom1 & despair2 :ile1 9 ! free ,/ates1 all is light1 bus9ess1 & activity4 ,:at has creat$ ! a/oni%+ diff]5ce betwe5 ! g5tleman's ,/ate & m9e--betwe5 ,k5tucky & ,ohio8 ,slav]y1 ! )]+ curse ( slav]y1 is ^u ,k5tucky1 :ile ,ohio is free4 ,k5tucky1 ! g>d5 ( ! ,we/1 almo/ ! l& ( promise1 possess+ all ! natural advantages1 & m ?an is possess$ by ,ohio1 is va/ly beh9d 9 population & weal?4 ,sir1 ,i c see f ! w9d[s ( my upp] *amb]1 9 ! city ( ,c9c9nati1 l&s 9 ,k5tucky1 :i*1 ,i am told1 c be pur*as$ f t5 to fifty doll>s p] acre2 :ile l&s ( ! same quality1 "u ! same improvem5ts1 & ! same di/ance f me 9 ,ohio1 w\ld probably sell f "o to five hundr$ doll>s p] acre4 ,i 0 told by a fri5d1 a few days be=e ,i left home1 :o _h =m]ly resid$ 9 ! c\nty ( ,b\rbon1 ,k5tucky--a mo/ excell5t c\nty ( l&s adjo9+1 ,i believe1 ! c\nty 9 :i* ! ,s5ator resides--t ! :ite population ( t c\nty 0 m ?an f\r hundr$ less ?an x 0 five ye>s s9ce4 ,w ! ,s5ator cont5d1 aft] a k ( ^! facts1 t slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry has be5 ! cause ( our prosp]ity & happ9ess8 ,no1 he _c4 ,x is because slav]y has be5 exclud$ & driv5 f a l>ge proportion ( our c\ntry1 t we are a prosp]\s & happy p4 ,b its late attempts to =ce its influ5ce & p[] into ! free ,/ates1 & deprive our citiz5s ( _! unque/ionable rights1 has be5 ! mov+ cause ( all ! riots1 burn+s1 & murd]s t h tak5 place on acc\nt ( abolitionism2 & x has1 9 "s degree1 ev5 9 ! free ,/ates1 caus$ m\rn+1 lam5tation1 & woe4 ,remove slav]y1 & ! c\ntry1 ! :ole c\ntry1 w recov] its natural vigor1 & our peace & future prosp]ity w be plac$ on a m ext5sive1 safe1 & sure f\ndation4 ,x is a wa/e ( "t to answ] ! allegations t ! emancipation ( ! negro race w\ld induce !m to make w> on ! :ite race4 ,e fact 9 ! hi/ory ( emancipation proves ! rev]se2 & he t w n believe ^? facts1 has d>k5$ 8 own und]/&+1 t ! light ( reason c make no impression3 he appeals to int]e/1 n to tru?1 = in=mation on ?is subject4 ,we d n fe> 8 errors1 :ile we are left free to combat !m4 ,! ,s5ator implores u to cease all commotion on ?is subject4 ,are we to surr5d] all our rights & privileges1 all ! (ficial /ations ( ! c\ntry1 into ! h&s ( ! slavehold+ p[]1 )\t a s+le /ruggle8 ,are we to cease all ex]tions = our own safety1 & submit 9 quiet to ! rule ( ?is p[]8 ,is ! calm ( despotism to reign ov] ?is l&1 & ! voice ( freem5 to be no m he>d6 ,?is sacrifice is requir$ ( u1 9 ord] to su/a9 slav]y4 ,freem51 w y make x8 ,w y %ut y\r e>s & y\r sympa?ies1 & )hold f ! poor1 fami%$ slave1 a morsel ( bread8 ,c y ?us act1 & expect ! bless+s ( heav5 ^u y\r c\ntry8 ,i besee* y to consid] = y\rselves4 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 ,i h be5 compell$ to ent] into ?is discussion f ! c\rse pursu$ by ! ,s5ate on ! resolutions ,i submitt$ a few days s9ce4 ,! cry ( abolitioni/ has be5 rais$ aga9/ me4 ,if ^? resolutions are abolitionism1 !n ,i am an abolitioni/ f ! sole ( my feet to ! cr[n ( my head4 ,if to ma9ta9 ! rights ( ! ,/ates1 ! security ( ! citiz5 f viol5ce & outrage2 if to pres]ve ! supremacy ( ! laws2 if insi/+ on ! "r ( petition1 a m$ium ?r\gh :i* e p]son subject to ! laws has an und\bt$ "r to approa* ! con/itutional au?orities ( ! c\ntry1 be ! doctr9es ( abolitioni/s1 x f9ds a response 9 e beat+ pulse 9 my ve9s4 ,nei!r p[]1 nor favor1 nor want1 nor mis]y1 %all det] me f its support :ile ! vital curr5t cont9ues to fl[4 ,condemn$ at home = my opposition to slav]y1 alone & s+leh&$ "h1 well may ,i feel tremor & emotion 9 be>d+ ?is lion ( slav]y 9 8 v d5 & ^u 8 own gr\nd4 ,i %\ld %r9k1 sir1 at once1 f ?is fe>ful & unequal conte/1 0 ,i n ?or\ghly conv9c$ t ,i am su/a9$ by ! p[] ( tru? & ! be/ int]e/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,i li/5$ to ! ,s5ator ( ,k5tucky ) undivid$ att5tion4 ,i 0 disappo9t$1 sadly disappo9t$4 ,i _h he>d ( ! ,s5ator's tact 9 mak+ compromises & agreem5ts on ?is floor1 & ?\gh oppos$ 9 pr9ciple to all su* proce$+s1 yet ,i hop$ to he> some?+ ^u :i* we c\ld hang a hope t peace w\ld be re/or$ to ! bord]s ( our own ,/ates1 & all future aggression ^u our citiz5s f ! free ,/ates be prev5t$4 ,n[1 sir1 he (f]s u no?+ b unconditional submission to political dea?2 & n political alone1 b absolute dea?4 ,we h c\nt$ ! co/ 9 ?is matt]1 & are det]m9$ to live or die free4 ,let ! slavehold] hug 8 sy/em to 8 bosom 9 8 own ,/ate1 we w n g !re to di/urb him2 b1 sir1 )9 our own bord]s we claim to enjoy ! same privileges4 ,ev51 sir1 "h 9 ?is ,di/rict1 ?is t5 miles squ>e ( common prop]ty & common "r1 ! slave p[] has ! assurance to come into ?is v ,hall1 & reque/ t we--yes1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 t my con/itu5ts--be d5i$ ! "r ( petition on ! subject ( slav]y 9 ?is ,di/rict4 ,?is mo/ extraord9>y petition aga9/ ! "r ( o!rs to petition on ! same subject ( !irs1 is graci\sly receiv$ & ord]$ to be pr9t$2 paeans sung to x by ! slave p[]1 :ile ! petitions ,i (f]1 f z honorable1 free1 high-m9d$ & patriotic ,am]ican citiz5s z any 9 ?is ,di/rict1 are spit ^u1 & turn$ out ( doors z an unclean ?+6 ,g5ius ( lib]ty6 h[ long w y sleep "u ?is iron p[] ( oppression8 ,n cont5t ) rul+ ov] _! own slaves1 !y claim ! p[] to in/ruct ,congress on ! "q ( receiv+ petitions2 & yet we are taunt+ly & sne]+ly told t we h no?+ to d ) ! exi/5ce ( slav]y 9 ! c\ntry1 a sugge/ion z absurd z x is ridicul\s4 ,we are call$ ^u to make laws 9 favor ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict1 b x is d5i$ t we c make laws aga9/ x2 & at la/ ! "r ( petition on ! subject1 by ! p ( ! free ,/ates1 is compla9$ ( z an improp] int]f]5ce4 ,i leave x to ! ,s5ator to reconcile all ^! difficulties1 absurdities1 claims & reque/s ( ! p ( ?is ,di/rict1 to ! c\ntry at l>ge2 & ,i v5ture ! op9ion t he w f9d z mu* difficulty 9 produc+ ! belief t he is correct n[1 t he has f\nd 9 obta9+ ! same belief t he 0 be=e correct 9 8 views & political c\rse on ! subject ( banks1 int]nal improvem5ts1 protective t>iffs1 c41 & ! regulation1 by acts ( ,congress1 ( ! productive indu/ry ( ! c\ntry1 toge!r ) all ! compromises & coalitions he has ent]$ into = ! atta9m5t ( ^? objects4 ,i rejoice1 h[ev]1 t ! ,s5ator has made ! display he has on ?is occasion4 ,x is a p[]ful %ake to awak5 ! sleep+ en]gies ( lib]ty1 & 8 voice1 l a trumpet1 w call f _! slumb]s millions ( freem5 to def5d _! rights2 & ! ov]?r[ ( 8 !ory n[1 is z sure & c]ta91 by ! =ce ( public op9ion1 z 0 ! ov]?r[ ( all 8 =m] s*emes1 by ! same mighty p[]4 ,i feel1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 z if ,i _h we>i$ y\r pati5ce1 :ile ,i am sure my own bodily p[]s admoni% me to close2 b ,i _c d s )\t aga9 rem9d+ my con/itu5ts ( ! greet+s t h tak5 place on ! consummation & ratification ( ! treaty1 (f5sive & def5sive1 betwe5 ! slavehold+ & bank p[]s1 9 ord] to c>ry on a w> aga9/ ! lib]ties ( our c\ntry1 & to put d[n ! pres5t adm9i/ration4 ,yes1 !re is no voice he>d f ,new ,engl& n[4 ,bo/on & ,faneuil ,hall are sil5t z dea?4 ,! free day-labor] is1 9 prospect1 r$uc$ to ! political1 if n moral condition ( ! slave2 an ideal l9e is to divide !m 9 _! labor2 yes1 ! same pr9ciple is to gov]n on bo? sides4 ,ev5 ! f>m]1 too1 w soon be br\ght into ! same fold4 ,x w be aga9 said1 ) reg>d to ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry1 ,! f>m] ) 8 huge paws ^u ! /atute book1 :at c he d8 ,i h endeavor$ to w>n my fell[-citiz5s ( ! pres5t & approa*+ dang]1 b ! d>k cl\d ( slav]y is be=e _! eyes1 & prev5ts _m ( !m f see+ ! condition ( ?+s z !y are4 ,t cl\d1 l ! cl\d ( summ]1 w soon pass away1 & its ?und]s cease to be he>d4 ,slav]y w come to an end1 & ! sun%9e ( prosp]ity w>m1 invigorate & bless our :ole c\ntry4 ,i d n "k1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 t my voice w ev] aga9 be he>d on ?is floor4 ,i n[ will+ly1 yes1 gladly1 return to my con/itu5ts1 to ! p ( my own ,/ate4 ,i h sp5t my life among/ !m1 & ! great] portion ( x 9 _! s]vice1 & !y h be/[$ ^u me _! confid5ce 9 num]\s in/ances4 ,i feel p]fectly consci\s t1 9 ! dis*>ge ( e tru/ :i* !y h committ$ to me1 ,i h1 to ! be/ ( my abilities1 act$ solely ) a view to ! g5]al good1 n suff]+ myself to be influ5c$ by any p>ticul> or private int]e/ :atev]2 & ,i n[ *all5ge ^? :o ?9k ,i h done o!rwise1 to lay _! f+] ^u any public act ( m9e1 & prove to ! c\ntry its inju/ice or anti-republican t5d5cy4 ,t ,i h (t5 err$ 9 ! selection ( means to accompli% important ends ,i h no d\bt1 b my belief 9 ! tru? ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 ! political cre$ ( ,presid5t ,jeff]son1 rema9s un%ak5 & unsubdu$4 ,my greate/ regret is t ,i h n be5 m zeal\s1 & done m = ! cause ( individual & political lib]ty ?an ,i h done4 ,i hope1 on return+ to my home & my fri5ds1 to jo9 !m aga9 9 rek9dl+ ! beacon-fires ( lib]ty ^u e hill 9 our ,/ate1 until _! broad gl>e %all enlight5 e valley1 & ! song ( triumph w soon be he>d1 = ! he>ts ( our p are 9 ! h&s ( a j & holy be+1 7:o c n look ^u oppression b ) abhorr5ce47 & he c turn !m :i!rsoev] he w1 z ! riv]s ( wat] are turn$4 ,?\gh our national s9s are _m & griev\s1 yet rep5tance1 l t ( anci5t ,n9eveh1 may div]t f u t imp5d+ dang] :i* seems to hang ov] our heads z by a s+le hair4 ,t all may be safe1 ,i conclude t ,,! ,,negro ,,w ,,yet ,,be ,,set ,,free4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 ,no4 #aa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,con/itution ,a ,,pro-,,slav]y ,,compact4 ,,or ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,madison ,,pap]s1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society4 #adb ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahdd4 ,,cont5ts4 ,introduction4 ,debates 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation ,debates 9 ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion ,li/ ( ,memb]s ( ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion ,spee* ( ,lu!r ,m>t9 ,,debates ,,9 ,,/ate ,,conv5tions ,massa*usetts ,new ,york ,p5nsylvania ,virg9ia ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,extracts f ! ,f$]ali/ ,debates 9 ,fir/ ,congress ,address ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society ,lett] f ,francis ,jackson to ,gov4 ,briggs ,extract f ,mr4 ,web/]'s ,spee* ,extracts f ,j4,q4 ,adams's ,address1 ,novemb]1 #ahdd ,,introduction4 ,e "o kn[s t ! ,madison pap]s conta9 a ,report1 f ! p5 ( ,james ,madison1 ( ! ,debates 9 ! ,old ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation & 9 ! ,conv5tion :i* =m$ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h extract$ f !m1 9 ^! pages1 all ! ,debates on ^? clauses ( ! ,con/itution :i* relate to slav]y4 ,to ^! we h add$ all t is f\nd1 on ! same topic1 9 ! ,debates ( ! sev]al ,/ate ,conv5tions :i* ratifi$ ! ,con/itution3 toge!r ) s mu* ( ! ,spee* ( ,lu!r ,m>t9 be=e ! ,legislature ( ,m>yl&1 & ( ! ,f$]ali/1 z relate to our subject2 ) "s extracts1 also1 f ! ,debates ( ! fir/ ,f$]al ,congress on ,slav]y4 ,^! are all pr9t$ )\t alt]ation1 except t1 9 "s in/ances1 we h ins]t$ 9 brackets1 aft] ! "n ( a speak]1 ! "n ( ! ,/ate f :i* he came4 ,! notes & italics are ^? ( ! orig9al1 b ! editor has add$ "o note on page #cj?1 :i* is m>k$ z 81 & we h tak5 ! lib]ty ( pr9t+ 9 capitals "o s5tim5t ( ,rufus ,k+'s1 & two ( ,james ,madison's--a di/9ction :i* ! importance ( ! /atem5ts seem$ to dem&--o!rwise we h repr9t$ exactly f ! orig9als4 ,^! extracts develope mo/ cle>ly all ! details ( t compromise1 :i* 0 made betwe5 fre$om & slav]y1 9 #aghg2 grant+ to ! slavehold] di/9ct privileges & protection = 8 slave prop]ty1 9 return = c]ta9 comm]cial concessions on 8 "p t[>d ! ,nor?4 ,!y prove also t ! ,nation at l>ge 7 fully aw>e ( ?is b>ga9 at ! "t1 & ent]$ into x will+ly & ) op5 eyes4 ,we h add$ ! late ,address ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 & ! lett] ( ,francis ,jackson to ,gov]nor ,briggs1 resign+ 8 commission ( ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace--z bold & honorable prote/s aga9/ ! guilt & infamy ( ?is ,national b>ga91 & z prov+ mo/ cle>ly ! duty ( ea* individual to trample x "u 8 feet4 ,! clauses ( ! ,con/itution to :i* we ref] z ( a pro-slav]y "* are ! foll[+3-- ,art4 #a1 ,sect4 #b4 ,repres5tatives & direct taxes %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates1 :i* may be includ$ )9 ?is ,union1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 :i* %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,art4 #a1 ,sect4 #h4 ,congress %all h p[] 4 4 4 to suppress insurrections4 ,art4 #a1 ,sect4 #i4 ,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress1 prior to ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight3 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,art4 #d4 ,sec4 #b4 ,no p]son1 held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+1 into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,art4 #d1 ,sect4 #d4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates %all gu>antee to e ,/ate 9 ?is ,union a republican =m ( gov]nm5t2 & %all protect ea* ( !m aga9/ invasion2 &1 on application ( ! legislature1 or ( ! executive1 7:5 ! legislature _c be conv5$7 aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce4 ,! fir/ ( ^! clauses1 relat+ to repres5tation1 conf]s on a slavehold+ community additional political p[] = e slave held among !m1 & ?us tempts !m to cont9ue to uphold ! sy/em3 ! second & ! la/1 relat+ to insurrection & dome/ic viol5ce1 p]fectly innoc5t 9 !mselves--yet be+ made ) ! fact directly 9 view t slav]y exi/s among u1 d delib]ately pl$ge ! :ole national =ce aga9/ ! unhappy slave if he imitate our fa!rs & resi/ oppression--?us mak+ u p>tn]s 9 ! guilt ( su/a9+ slav]y3 ! ?ird1 relat+ to ! slave trade1 disgraces ! nation by a pl$ge n to aboli% t traffic till aft] tw5ty ye>s1 )\t oblig+ ,congress to d s ev5 !n1 & ?us ! slave trade may be legaliz$ to-morr[ if ,congress *oose3 ! f\r? is a promise on ! "p ( ! :ole ,nation to return fugitive slaves to _! ma/]s1 a de$ :i* ,god's law expressly condemns & :i* e noble feel+ ( our nature repudiates ) loa?+ & contempt4 ,^! are ! articles ( ! ,compromise1 s mu* talk$ (1 betwe5 ! ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,we d n produce ! extracts :i* make up ^! pages to %[ :at is ! mean+ ( ! clauses above cit$4 ,= no man or p>ty1 ( any au?ority 9 su* matt]s1 has ev] pret5d$ to d\bt to :at subject !y all relate4 ,if inde$ !y 7 ambigu\s 9 _! t]ms1 a resort to ! hi/ory ( ^? times w\ld set ! matt] at re/ = ev]4 ,a few p]sons1 to be sure1 ( late ye>s1 to s]ve ! purposes ( a p>ty1 h tri$ to prove t ! ,con/itution makes no compromise ) slav]y4 ,not)/&+ ! cle> light ( hi/ory2--! unanim\s decision ( all ! c\rts 9 ! l&1 bo? ,/ate & ,f$]al2--! action ( ,congress & ! ,/ate ,legislature2--! con/ant practice ( ! ,executive 9 all its bran*es2--& ! delib]ate acquiesc5ce ( ! :ole p = half a c5tury1 /ill !y cont5d t ! ,nation does n "k its own mean+1 & t ! ,con/itution does n tol]ate slav]y6 ,e c&id m9d h[ev] mu/ ackn[l$ge t ! language ( ! ,con/itution is cle> & explicit4 ,its t]ms are s broad1 x is said1 t !y include _m o!rs beside slaves1 & h5ce x is wisely 767 inf]r$ t !y _c include ! slaves !mselves6 ,_m p]sons beside slaves 9 ?is c\ntry d\btless are held to s]vice & labor "u ! laws ( ! ,/ates1 b t does n at all %[ t slaves are n held to s]vice2 _m p]sons beside ! slaves may take "p 9 insurrections1 b t does n prove t :5 ! slaves rise1 ! ,national gov]nm5t is n b\nd to put !m d[n by =ce4 ,su* a ?+ has be5 he>d ( be=e z "o description includ+ a great v>iety ( p]sons1--& ?is is ! case 9 ! pres5t in/ance4 ,b grant+ t ! t]ms ( ! ,con/itution are ambigu\s--t !y are susceptible ( two mean+s1 if ! unanim\s1 concurr5t1 unbrok5 practice ( e dep>tm5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 judicial1 legislative1 & executive1 & ! acquiesc5ce ( ! :ole p = fifty ye>s d n prove :i* is ! true con/ruction1 !n h[ & :]e c su* a "q ev] be settl$8 ,if ! p & ! ,c\rts ( ! l& d n "k :at !y !mselves mean1 :o has au?ority to settle _! mean+ = !m8 ,if !n ! p & ! ,c\rts ( a c\ntry are to be all[$ to det]m9e :at _! own laws mean1 x foll[s t at ?is "t & = ! la/ half c5tury1 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 has be51 & /ill is1 a pro-slav]y in/rum5t1 & t any "o :o swe>s to support x1 swe>s to d pro-slav]y acts1 & violates 8 duty bo? z a man & an abolitioni/4 ,:at ! ,con/itution may become a c5tury h5ce1 we "k n2 we speak ( x z x is1 & repudiate x z x is4 ,b ! purpose1 = :i* we h ?r[n ^! pages be=e ! community1 is ?is4 ,"s m51 f9d+ ! nation unanim\sly decid+ t ! ,con/itution tol]ates slav]y1 h tri$ to prove t ?is false con/ruction1 z !y ?9k x1 has be5 foi/$ 9 ^u ! in/rum5t by ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( slav]y itself1 ta9t+ all x t\*es4 ,!y ass]t t ! kn[n anti-slav]y _s ( revolution>y times nev] c\ld h cons5t$ to s infam\s a b>ga9 z ! ,con/itution is repres5t$ to be1 & has 9 its pres5t h&s become4 ,n[ ^! pages prove ! melan*oly fact t will+ly1 ) delib]ate purpose1 our fa!rs b>t]$ hone/y = ga9 & became p>tn]s ) tyrants t !y might %>e 9 ! pr(its ( _! tyranny4 ,& 9 view ( ?is fact1 w x n require a v /rong argum5t to make any c&id man believe1 t ! b>ga9 :i* ! fa!rs tell u !y meant to incorporate into ! ,con/itution1 & :i* ! sons h always ?\ght !y f\nd !re incorporat$1 does n exi/ !re aft] all8 ,=ty ( ! %rewde/ m5 & lawy]s 9 ! l& assemble to make a b>ga91 among o!r ?+s1 ab\t slaves1--aft] mon?s ( anxi\s delib]ation !y put x into writ+ & sign _! names to ! in/rum5t1--fifty ye>s roll away1 tw5ty millions at lea/ ( _! *ildr5 pass ov] ! /age ( life1--c\rts sit & pass judgm5t1--p>ties arise & /ruggle fi]cely2 /ill all concur 9 f9d+ 9 ! ,in/rum5t j t mean+ :i* ! fa!rs tell u !y int5d$ to express3--mu/ n he be a desp]ate man1 :o1 aft] all ?is1 sets out to prove t ! fa!rs 7 bungl]s & ! sons fools1 & t slav]y is n ref]r$ to at all8 ,besides1 ! advocates ( ?is new !ory ( ! ,anti-slav]y "* ( ! ,con/itution1 quote "s portions ( ! ,madison ,pap]s 9 support ( _! views1--& ?is makes x prop] t ! community %\ld he> all t ^! ,debates h to say on ! subject4 ,! fur!r we explore !m1 ! cle>] becomes ! fact t ! ,con/itution 0 meant to be1 :at x has always be5 e/eem$1 a compromise betwe5 slav]y & fre$om4 ,if !n ! ,con/itution be1 :at ^! ,debates %[ t our fa!rs int5d$ to make x1 & :at1 too1 _! desc5dants1 ?is nation1 say !y did make x & agree to uphold1--!n we affirm t x is a cov5ant ) dea? & an agreem5t ) hell1 & ought to be imm$iately annull$4 ,b if1 on ! contr>y1 our fa!rs fail$ 9 _! purpose1 & ! ,con/itution is all pure & unt\*$ by slav]y1--!n1 ,union itself is impossible1 )\t guilt4 ,= x is und5iable t ! fifty ye>s pass$ "u ?is 7anti-slav]y7 ,con/itution1 %ew u ! slaves trebl+ 9 numb]s2--slavehold]s monopoliz+ ! (fices & dictat+ ! policy ( ! ,gov]nm5t2--pro/itut+ ! /r5g? & influ5ce ( ! ,nation to ! support ( slav]y "h & else:]e2--trampl+ on ! rights ( ! free ,/ates & mak+ ! c\rts ( ! c\ntry _! tools4 ,to cont9ue ?is disa/r\s alliance long] is madness4 ,! trial ( fifty ye>s ) ! be/ ( m5 & ! be/ ( ,con/itutions1 on ?is supposition1 only proves t x is impossible = free & slave ,/ates to unite on any t]ms1 )\t all becom+ p>tn]s 9 ! guilt & responsible = ! s9 ( slav]y4 ,we d>e n prolong ! exp]im5t1 & ) d\ble e>ne/ness we repeat our dem& ^u e hone/ man to jo9 9 ! outcry ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s4 ,,! ,,con/itution ,a ,,pro-,,slav]y ,,compact4 99 99 99 99 99 ,extracts f ,debates 9 ! ,congress ( ,conf$]ation1 pres]v$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son1 #aggf4 ,on ,friday1 ! twelf? ( ,july1 #aggf1 ! committee appo9t$ to draw ! articles ( ,conf$]ation report$ !m1 & on ! tw5ty-second1 ! ,h\se resolv$ !mselves into a committee to take !m into consid]ation4 ,on ! ?irtie? & ?irty-fir/ ( t mon?1 & ! fir/ ( ! ensu+1 ^? articles 7 debat$ :i* det]m9$ ! proportion or quota ( money :i* ea* ,/ate %\ld furni% to ! common treasury1 & ! mann] ( vot+ 9 ,congress4 ,! fir/ ( ^! articles 0 express$ 9 ! orig9al draught 9 ^! words3-- ,article #aa4 ,all *>ges ( w> & all o!r exp5ses t %all be incurr$ = ! common def5ce1 or g5]al welf>e1 & all[$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates assembl$1 %all be defray$ out ( a common treasury1 :i* %all be suppli$ by ! sev]al colonies 9 proportion to ! numb] ( inhabitants ( e age1 sex & quality1 except ,indians n pay+ taxes1 9 ea* colony1 a true acc\nt ( :i*1 di/+ui%+ ! :ite inhabitants1 %all be tri5nially tak5 & transmitt$ to ! assembly ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,*ase 7( ,m>yl&7 mov$1 t ! quotas %\ld be paid1 n by ! numb] ( inhabitants ( e condition b by t ( ! :ite inhabitants4 ,he admitt$ t taxation %\ld be always 9 proportion to prop]ty2 t ?is 0 9 !ory ! true rule1 b t f a v>iety ( difficulties x 0 a rule :i* c\ld nev] be adopt$ 9 practice4 ,! value ( ! prop]ty 9 e ,/ate c\ld nev] be e/imat$ ju/ly & equally4 ,"s o!r measure = ! weal? ( ! ,/ate mu/ !re=e be devis$1 "s /&>d ref]r$ to :i* w\ld be m simple4 ,he consid]$ ! numb] ( inhabitants z a tol]ably good crit]ion ( prop]ty1 & t ?is might always be obta9$4 ,he !re=e ?\ght x ! be/ mode we c\ld adopt1 ) "o exception only4 ,he obs]v$ t negroes are prop]ty1 & z su* _c be di/+ui%$ f ! l&s or p]sonalities held 9 ^? ,/ates :]e !re are few slaves4 ,t ! surplus ( pr(it :i* a ,nor!rn f>m] is able to lay by1 he inve/s 9 cattle1 horses1 c42 :]eas1 a ,s\!rn f>m] lays out t same surplus 9 slaves4 ,!re is no m reason !re=e = tax+ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates on ! f>m]'s head & on 8 slave's head1 ?an ! ,nor!rn ones on _! f>m]'s heads & ! heads ( _! cattle4 ,t ! me?od propos$ w\ld !re=e tax ! ,s\!rn ,/ates accord+ to _! numb]s & _! weal? conjunctly1 :ile ! ,nor!rn w\ld be tax$ on numb]s only3 t negroes 9 fact %\ld n be consid]$ z memb]s ( ! ,/ate1 m ?an cattle1 & t !y h no m int]e/ 9 x4 ,mr4 ,john ,adams 7( ,massa*usetts7 obs]v$1 t ! numb]s ( p 7 tak5 by ?is article z an index ( ! weal? ( ! ,/ate1 & n z subjects ( taxation4 ,t z to ?is matt]1 x 0 ( no consequ5ce by :at "n y call$ y\r p1 :e!r by t ( freem5 or ( slaves4 ,t 9 "s c\ntries ! labor+ poor 7 call$ freem51 9 o!rs !y 7 call$ slaves3 b t ! diff]5ce z to ! /ate 0 imag9>y only4 ,:at matt]s x :e!r a l&lord employ+ t5 labor]s on 8 f>m gives !m annually z mu* money z w buy !m ! necess>ies ( life1 or gives !m ^? necess>ies at %ort h&8 ,! t5 labor]s add z mu* weal?1 annually to ! ,/ate1 increase its exports z mu*1 9 ! "o case z ! o!r4 ,c]ta9ly five hundr$ freem5 produce no m pr(its1 no great] surplus = ! paym5t ( taxes1 ?an five hundr$ slaves4 ,!re=e ! ,/ate 9 :i* are ! labor]s call$ freem51 %\ld be tax$ no m ?an t 9 :i* are ^? call$ slaves4 ,suppose1 by any extraord9>y op]ation ( nature or ( law1 "o half ! labor]s ( a ,/ate c\ld 9 ! c\rse ( "o night be trans=m$ into slaves1--w\ld ! ,/ate be made ! poor]1 or ! less able to pay taxes8 ,t ! condition ( ! labor+ poor 9 mo/ c\ntries1--t ( ! fi%]m51 p>ticul>ly1 ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1--is z abject z t ( slaves4 ,x is ! numb] ( labor]s :i* produces ! surplus = taxation2 & numb]s1 !re=e1 indiscrim9ately1 are ! fair index ( weal?4 ,t x is ! use ( ! ^w prop]ty "h1 & its application to "s ( ! p ( ! ,/ate1 :i* produces ! fallacy4 ,h[ does ! ,s\!rn f>m] procure slaves8 ,ei!r by importation or by pur*ase f 8 neighbor4 ,if he imports a slave1 he adds "o to ! numb] ( labor]s 9 8 c\ntry1 & proportionably to its pr(its & abilities to pay taxes2 if he buys f 8 neighbor1 x is only a transf] ( a labor] f "o firm to ano!r1 :i* does n *ange ! annual produce ( ! ,/ate1 & !re=e %\ld n *ange its tax2 t if a ,nor!rn f>m] works t5 labor]s on 8 f>m1 he c1 x is true1 inve/ ! surplus ( t5 m5's labor 9 cattle2 b s may ! ,s\!rn f>m] work+ t5 slaves4 ,t a ,/ate ( "o hundr$ ?\s& freem5 c ma9ta9 no m cattle ?an "o ( "o hundr$ ?\s& slaves2 !re=e !y h no m ( t k9d ( prop]ty4 ,t a slave may1 inde$1 f ! cu/om ( spee*1 be m prop]ly call$ ! weal? ( 8 ma/]1 ?an ! free labor] might be call$ ! weal? ( 8 employ]3 b z to ! ,/ate1 bo? 7 equally its weal?1 & %\ld !re=e equally add to ! quota ( its tax4 ,mr4 ,h>rison 7( ,virg9ia7 propos$1 z a compromise1 t two slaves %\ld be c\nt$ z "o freeman4 ,he affirm$ t slaves did n d z mu* "w z freem51 & d\bt$ if two affect$ m ?an "o4 ,t ?is 0 prov$ by ! price ( labor1 ! hire ( a labor] 9 ! ,s\!rn colonies be+ f #i to #ab1 :ile 9 ! ,nor!rn x 0 g5]ally #bd4 ,mr4 ,wilson 7( ,p5nsylvania7 said1 t if ?is am5dm5t %\ld take place1 ! ,s\!rn colonies w\ld h all ! b5efit ( slaves1 :il/ ! ,nor!rn ones w\ld be> ! bur!n4 ,t slaves increase ! pr(its ( a ,/ate1 :i* ! ,s\!rn ,/ates mean to take to !mselves2 t !y also increase ! bur!n ( def5ce1 :i* w\ld ( c\rse fall s mu* ! heavi] on ! ,nor!rn2 t slaves occupy ! places ( freem5 & eat _! food4 ,dismiss y\r slaves1 & freem5 w take _! places4 ,x is our duty to lay e disc\ragem5t on ! importation ( slaves2 b ?is am5dm5t w\ld give !e jus trium lib]orum to him :o w\ld import slaves4 ,t o!r k9ds ( prop]ty 7 pretty equally di/ribut$ ?r\gh all ! colonies3 !re 7 z _m cattle1 horses1 & %eep1 9 ! ,nor? z ! ,s\?1 & ,s\? z ! ,nor?2 b n s z to slaves3 t exp]i5ce has %[n t ^? colonies h be5 always able to pay mo/1 :i* h ! mo/ inhabitants1 :e!r !y be black or :ite2 & ! practice ( ! ,s\!rn colonies has always be5 to make e f>m] pay poll taxes ^u all 8 labor]s1 :e!r !y be black or :ite4 ,he ackn[l$g$ inde$ t freem5 work$ ! mo/2 b !y consume ! mo/ also4 ,!y d n produce a great] surplus = taxation4 ,! slave is nei!r f$ nor clo!d s exp5sively z a freeman4 ,aga91 :ite wom5 are exempt$ f labor g5]ally1 :i* negro wom5 are n4 ,9 ?is !n ! ,s\!rn ,/ates h an advantage z ! article n[ /&s4 ,x has sometimes be5 said t slav]y 0 necess>y1 because ! commodities !y raise w\ld be too de> = m>ket if cultivat$ by freem52 b n[ x is said t ! labor ( ! slave is ! de>e/4 ,mr4 ,payne 7( ,massa*usetts7 urg$ ! orig9al resolution ( ,congress1 to proportion ! quotas ( ! ,/ates to ! numb] ( s\ls4 ,mr4 ,)]spoon 7( ,new-,j]sey7 0 ( op9ion1 t ! value ( l&s & h\ses 0 ! be/ e/imate ( ! weal? ( a nation1 & t x 0 practicable to obta9 su* a valuation4 ,?is is ! true b>omet] ( weal?4 ,! "o n[ propos$ is imp]fect 9 itself1 & unequal betwe5 ! ,/ates4 ,x has be5 object$ t negroes eat ! food ( freem51 & !re=e %\ld be tax$4 ,horses also eat ! food ( freem52 !re=e !y also %\ld be tax$4 ,x has be5 said too1 t 9 c>ry+ slaves into ! e/imate ( ! taxes ! ,/ate is to pay1 we d no m ?an ^? ,/ates !mselves d1 :o always take slaves into ! e/imate ( ! taxes ! individual is to pay4 ,b ! cases are n p>allel4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,colonies1 slaves p]vade ! :ole colony2 b !y d n p]vade ! :ole cont95t4 ,t z to ! orig9al resolution ( ,congress1 x 0 tempor>y only1 & relat$ to ! moneys h]et(ore emitt$3 :]eas we are n[ ent]+ into a new compact1 & !re=e /& on orig9al gr\nd4 ,,augu/ #a/4 ,! "q be+ put1 ! am5dm5t propos$ 0 reject$ by ! votes ( ,new-,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,rhode-,isl&1 ,connecticut1 ,new-,york1 ,new-,j]sey & ,p5nsylvania1 aga9/ ^? ( ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor?1 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,georgia 0 divid$4 ,vol4 ,i4 pp4 #bg-h-i1 #cj-a-b4 ,extracts f ,madison's ,report ( ,debates 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation4 ,,tuesday1 ,feb4 #aa1 #aghc4 ,mr4 ,wolcott decl>es 8 op9ion t ! ,conf$]ation ought to be am5d$ by sub/itut+ numb]s ( inhabitants z ! rule2 admits ! diff]5ce betwe5 freem5 & blacks2 & sugge/s a compromise1 by includ+ 9 ! num]ation su* blacks only z 7 )9 sixte5 & sixty ye>s ( age4 p4 #cca4 ,,tuesday1 ,m>* #bg1 #aghc4 ,! elev5? & twelf? p>agraphs3 ,mr4 ,wilson 7( ,p5nsylvania7 0 /r5u\s 9 _! favor2 said he 0 9 ,congress :5 ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation direct+ a valuation ( l& 7 agre$ to2 t x 0 ! effect ( ! impossibility ( compromis+ ! diff]5t ideas ( ! ,ea/]n & ,s\!rn ,/ates1 z to ! value ( slaves comp>$ ) ! :ites1 ! alt]native 9 "q4 ,mr4 ,cl>k 7( ,new ,j]sey7 0 9 favor ( !m4 ,he said t he 0 also 9 ,congress :5 ?is article 0 decid$2 t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld h agre$ to numb]s 9 pref]5ce to ! value ( l&1 if half _! slaves only %\ld be includ$2 b t ! ,ea/]n ,/ates w\ld n concur 9 t proposition4 ,x 0 agre$1 on all sides1 t1 in/ead ( fix+ ! proportion by ages1 z !1 report propos$1 x w\ld be be/ to fix ! proportion 9 absolute numb]s4 ,) ?is view1 & t ! blank might be fill$ up1 ! clause 0 recommitt$4 p4 #dba-b4 ,,friday1 ,m>* #bh1 #aghc4 ,! committee la/ m5tion$1 report$ t two blacks be rat$ z "o freeman4 ,mr4 ,wolcott 7( ,connecticut7 0 = rat+ !m z f\r to ?ree4 ,mr4 ,c>roll z f\r to "o4 ,mr4 ,williamson 7( ,nor? ,c>ol9a7 said he 0 pr9cipl$ aga9/ slav]y2 & t he ?\ght slaves an incumbrance to society1 in/ead ( increas+ its ability to pay taxes4 ,mr4 ,higg9son 7( ,massa*usetts7 z f\r to ?ree4 ,mr4 ,rutl$ge 7( ,s\? ,c>ol9a7 said1 = ! sake ( ! object1 he w\ld agree to rate slaves z two to "o1 b he s9c]ely ?\ght ?ree to "o w\ld he a ju/] proportion4 ,mr4 ,holton z f\r to ?ree4--,mr4 ,osgood said he did n g beyond f\r to ?ree4 ,on a "q = rat+ !m z ?ree to two1 ! votes 74 ,new ,hamp%ire1 aye2 ,massa*usetts1 no2 ,rhode ,isl&1 divid$2 ,connecticut1 aye2 ,new ,j]sey1 aye2 ,p5nsylvania1 aye2 ,delaw>e1 aye2 ,m>yl&1 no2 ,virg9ia1 no2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 no2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no4 ,! p>agraph 0 !n propos$1 by g5]al cons5t1 "s wi%+ = fur!r "t to delib]ate on x2 b x appe>+ to be ! g5]al op9ion t no compromise w\ld be agre$ to4 ,aft] "s fur!r discussions on ! ,report1 9 :i* ! necessity ( "s simple & practicable rule ( apportionm5t came fully into view1 ,mr4 ,madison 7( ,virg9ia7 said t1 9 ord] to give a pro( ( ! s9c]ity ( 8 pr(essions ( lib]ality1 he w\ld propose t slaves %\ld be rat$ z five to ?ree4 ,mr4 ,rutl$ge 7( ,s\? ,c>ol9a7 second$ ! motion4 ,mr4 ,wilson 7( ,p5nsylvania7 said he w\ld sacrifice 8 op9ion on ?is compromise4 ,mr4 ,lee 0 aga9/ *ang+ ! rule1 b gave x z 8 op9ion t two slaves 7 n equal to "o freeman4 ,on ! "q = five to ?ree1 x pass$ 9 ! affirmative2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 aye2 ,massa*usetts1 divid$2 ,rhode ,isl&1 no2 ,connecticut1 no2 ,new ,j]sey1 aye2 ,p5nsylvania1 aye2 ,m>yl&1 aye2 ,virg9ia1 aye2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aye3 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 aye4 ,a motion 0 !n made by ,mr4 ,bl&1 second$ by ,mr4 ,lee1 to /rike out ! clause s am5d$1 &1 on ! "q ,%all x /&1 x pass$ 9 ! negative2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 aye2 ,massa*usetts1 no2 ,rhode ,isl&1 no2 ,connecticut1 no2 ,new ,j]sey1 aye2 ,p5nsylvania1 aye2 ,delaw>e1 no2 ,m>yl&1 aye2 ,virg9ia1 aye2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aye2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no2 s ! clause 0 /ruck out4 ,! argum5ts us$ by ^? :o 7 = rat+ slaves high 71 t ! exp5se ( fe$+ & clo?+ !m 0 z f> bel[ t incid5t to freem5 z _! indu/ry & +5uity 7 bel[ ^? ( freem52 & t ! w>m climate )9 :i* ! ,/ates hav+ slaves lay1 comp>$ ) ! rigor\s climate & inf]ior f]tility ( ! o!rs1 ought to h great] weight 9 ! case2 & t ! exports ( ! =m] ,/ates 7 great] ?an ( ! latt]4 ,on ! o!r side1 x 0 said1 t slaves 7 n put to labor z "y z ! *ildr5 ( labor+ families2 t1 hav+ no int]e/ 9 _! labor1 !y did z little z possible & omitt$ e ex]tion ( ?\ght requisite to facilitate & exp$ite x3 t if ! exports ( ! ,/ates hav+ slaves exce$$ ^? ( ! o!rs1 _! imports 7 9 proportion1 slaves be+ employ$ :olly 9 agriculture1 n 9 manufactur]s2 & t1 9 fact1 ! balance ( trade =m]ly 0 mu* m aga9/ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ?an ! o!rs4 ,on ! ma9 "q1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 aye2 ,massa*usetts1 no2 ,rhode ,isl&1 no2 ,connecticut1 no2 ,new ,york 7,mr4 ,lloyd1 aye72 ,new ,j]sey1 aye2 ,delaw>e1 no2 ,m>yl&1 aye2 ,virg9ia1 aye2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aye2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no4 pp4 #dbc-d-e4 ,tuesday1 ,april #a1 #aghc4 ,congress resum$ ! ,report on ,rev5ue1 c4 ,mr4 ,hamilton1 :o _h be5 abs5t :5 ! la/ "q 0 tak5 = sub/itut+ numb]s 9 place ( ! value ( l&1 mov$ to reconsid] t vote4 ,he 0 second$ by ,mr4 ,osgood4 ,^? :o vot$ diff]5tly f _! =m] votes 7 influ5c$ by ! conviction ( ! necessity ( ! *ange1 & despair on bo? sides ( a m favorable rate ( ! slaves4 ,! rate ( ?ree-fif?s 0 agre$ to )\t opposition4 p4 #dcj4 ,monday1 ,may #bf4 ,! ,resolutions on ! ,j\rnal1 in/ruct+ ! m9i/]s 9 ,europe to remon/rate aga9/ ! c>ry+ (f ! negroes--also ^? = furl\gh+ ! troops--pass$ unanim\sly4 p4 #def4 99 99 99 99 99 ,extract f ,debates 9 ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion ( #aghg1 = ! =mation ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,monday1 ,june #aa1 #aghg4 ,x 0 !n mov$ by ,mr4 ,rutl$ge1 second$ by ,mr4 ,butl]1 to add to ! words1 equitable ratio ( repres5tation1 at ! end ( ! motion j agre$ to1 ! words1 accord+ to ! quotas ( contribution4 ,on motion ( ,mr4 ,wilson1 second$ by ,mr4 ,p9ckney1 ?is 0 po/pon$1 9 ord] to add1 aft] ! words1 equitable rates ( repres5tation1 ! words foll[+3 ,9 proportion to ! :ole numb] ( :ite & o!r free citiz5s & inhabitants ( e age1 sex & condition1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vitude = a t]m ( ye>s1 & ?ree fif?s ( all o!r p]sons n compreh5d$ 9 ! =ego+ description1 except ,indians n pay+ taxes1 9 ea* ,/ate--?is be+ ! rule 9 ! act ( ,congress1 agre$ to by elev5 ,/ates1 = apportion+ quotas ( rev5ue on ! ,/ates1 & requir+ a c5sus only e five1 sev51 or t5 ye>s4 ,mr4 ,g]ry 7( ,massa*usetts7 ?\ght prop]ty n ! rule ( repres5tation4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld ! blacks1 :o 7 prop]ty 9 ! ,s\?1 be 9 ! rule ( repres5tation m ?an1 ! cattle & horses ( ! ,nor?8 ,on ! "q1--,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#i2 ,new j]sey1 ,delaw>e1 no--#b4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 pp4 #hdb-c4 ,saturday1 ,june #cj1 #aghg4 ,he 7,mr4 ,madison7 admitt$ t e peculi> int]e/1 :e!r 9 any class ( citiz5s1 or any description ( /ates1 ought to be secur$ z f> z possible4 ,:]ev] !re is dang] ( attack1 !re ought to be giv5 a con/itutional p[] ( def5ce4 ,b he cont5d$ t ! ,/ates 7 divid$ into diff]5t int]e/s1 n by _! diff]5ce ( size1 b by o!r circum/ances2 ! mo/ mat]ial ( :i* result$ p>tly f climate1 b pr9cipally f ! effects ( _! hav+ or n hav+ slaves4 ,^! two causes concurr$ 9 =m+ ! great division ( int]e/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x did n lie betwe5 ! l>ge & small ,/ates4 ,,x ,,lay ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,& ,,s\!rn2 & if any def5sive p[] 7 necess>y1 x ought to be mutually giv5 to ^! two int]e/s4 ,he 0 s /rongly impress$ ) ?is important tru?1 t he _h be5 ca/+ ab\t 9 8 m9d = "s exp$i5t t w\ld answ] ! purpose4 ,! "o :i* _h occurr$ 01 t in/ead ( proportion+ ! votes ( ! ,/ates 9 bo? bran*es to _! respective numb]s ( inhabitants1 comput+ ! slaves 9 ! ratio ( five to ?ree1 !y %\ld he repres5t$ 9 "o bran* accord+ to ! numb] ( free inhabitants only2 & 9 ! o!r1 accord+ to ! :ole numb]1 c\nt+ ! slaves u free4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! ,s\!rn scale w\ld h ! advantage 9 "o ,h\se1 & ! ,nor!rn 9 ! o!r4 ,he _h be5 re/ra9$ f propos+ ?is exp$i5t by two consid]ations2 "o 0 8 unwill+ness to urge any div]sity ( int]e/s on an occasion :]e x is b too apt to arise ( itself2 ! o!r 01 ! inequality ( p[]s t mu/ be ve/$ 9 ! two bran*es1 & :i* w\ld de/roy ! equilibrium ( int]e/s4 pp4 #ajjf-g4 ,monday1 ,july #i1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,patt]son consid]$ ! propos$ e/imate = ! future accord+ to ! comb9$ rules ( numb]s & weal?1 z too vague4 ,= ?is reason ,new ,j]sey 0 aga9/ x4 ,he c\ld reg>d negro slaves 9 no light b z prop]ty4 ,!y are no free ag5ts1 h no p]sonal lib]ty1 no faculty ( acquir+ prop]ty1 b on ! contr>y are !mselves prop]ty1 & l o!r prop]ty1 entirely at ! w ( ! ma/]4 ,has a man 9 ,virg9ia a numb] ( votes 9 proportion to ! numb] ( 8 slaves8 ,& if negroes are n repres5t$ 9 ! ,/ates to :i* !y belong1 :y %\ld !y be repres5t$ 9 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,:at is ! true pr9ciple ( repres5tation8 ,x is an exp]im5t by :i* an assembly ( c]ta9 individuals1 *os51 by ! p1 is sub/itut$ 9 place ( ! inconv5i5t meet+ ( ! p !mselves4 ,if su* a meet+ ( ! p 0 actually to take place1 w\ld ! slaves vote8 ,!y w\ld n4 ,:y !n %\ld !y be repres5t$8 ,he 0 also aga9/ su* an indirect enc\ragem5t ( ! slave trade2 obs]v+ t ,congress1 9 _! act relat+ to ! *ange ( ! eigh? article ( ,conf$]ation1 _h be5 assign$ to use ! t]m slaves1 & _h sub/itut$ a description4 ,mr4 ,madison rem9d$ ,mr4 ,patt]son t 8 doctr9e ( repres5tation1 :i* 0 9 its pr9ciple ! g5u9e "o1 mu/ = ev] sil5ce ! pret5sions ( ! small ,/ates to an equality ( votes ) ! l>ge ones4 ,!y ought to vote 9 ! same proportion 9 :i* _! citiz5s w\ld d if ! p ( all ! ,/ates 7 collectively met4 ,he sugge/$1 z a prop] gr\nd ( compromise1 t 9 ! fir/ bran* ! ,/ates %\ld be repres5t$ accord+ to _! numb] ( free inhabitants2 & 9 ! second1 :i* has = "o ( its prim>y objects1 ! gu>dian%ip ( prop]ty1 accord+ to ! :ole numb]1 includ+ slaves4 ,mr4 ,butl] urg$ w>mly ! ju/ice & necessity ( reg>d+ weal? 9 ! apportionm5t ( repres5tation4 ,mr4 ,k+ _h always expect$1 t1 z ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are ! ri*e/1 !y w\ld n league !mselves ) ! ,nor!rn1 unless "s respect 0 paid to _! sup]ior weal?4 ,if ! latt] expect ^? pref]5tial di/9ctions 9 comm]ce1 & o!r advantages :i* !y w d]ive f ! connexion1 !y mu/ n expect to receive !m )\t all[+ "s advantages 9 return4 ,elev5 out ( ?irte5 ( ! ,/ates _h agre$ to consid] slaves 9 ! apportionm5t ( taxation2 & taxation & repres5tation ought to g toge!r4 pp4 #ajed-e-f4 ,tuesday1 ,july #aj2 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,k+ rem>k$ t ! f\r ,ea/]n ,/ates1 hav+ #hjj1jjj s\ls1 h "o-?ird few] repres5tatives ?an ! f\r ,s\!rn ,/ates1 hav+ n m ?an #gjj1jjj s\ls1 rat+ ! blacks z five = ?ree4 ,! ,ea/]n p w adv]t to ^! circum/ances1 & be dissatisfi$4 ,he believ$ !m to be v desir\s ( unit+ ) _! ,s\!rn bre?r51 b did n ?9k x prud5t to rely s f> on t disposition1 z to subject !m to any gross inequality4 ,he 0 fully conv9c$ t ,,! ,,"q ,,conc]n+ ,a ,,diff]5ce ,,( ,,int]e/s ,,did ,,n ,,lie ,,:]e ,,x ,,_h ,,hi!rto ,,be5 ,,discuss$1 ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,great ,,& ,,small ,,/ates3 ,,b ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,& ,,ea/]n4 p4 #ajeg4 ,w$nesday1 ,july #aa1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,butl] & ,g5]al ,p9ckney insi/$ t blacks be includ$ 9 rule ( repres5tation equally ) ! :ites2 & = t purpose mov$ t ! words ?ree-fif?s be /ruck out4 ,mr4 ,g]ry ?\ght t ?ree fif?s ( !m 01 to say ! lea/1 ! full proportion t c\ld be admitt$4 ,mr4 ,gorham4 ,?is ratio 0 fix$ by ,congress z a rule ( taxation4 ,!n1 x 0 urg$1 by ! delegates repres5t+ ! ,/ates hav+ slaves1 t ! blacks 7 /ill m inf]ior to freem54 ,at pres5t1 :5 ! ratio ( repres5tation is to be e/abli%$1 we are assur$ t !y are equal to freem54 ,! argum5ts on ! =m] occasion _h conv9c$ !m t ?ree fif?s 0 pretty ne> ! j proportion1 he %\ld vote accord+ to ! same op9ion n[4 ,mr4 ,butl] insi/$ t ! labor ( a slave 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a 0 z productive & valuable z t ( a freeman 9 ,massa*usetts2 t z weal? 0 ! greate/ means ( def5ce & utility to ! nation1 !y 7 equally valuable to x ) freem52 & t consequ5tly an equal repres5tation ought to be all[$ = !m 9 a gov]nm5t :i* 0 in/itut$ pr9cipally1 = ! protection ( prop]ty1 & 0 itself to be support$ by prop]ty4 ,mr4 ,mason c\ld n agree to ! motion1 not)/&+ x 0 favorable to ,virg9ia1 because he ?\ght x unju/4 ,x 0 c]ta9 t ! slaves 7 valuable1 z !y rais$ ! value ( l&1 increas$ ! exports & imports1 & ( c\rse ! rev5ue1 w\ld supply ! means ( fe$+ & support+ an army1 & might 9 cases ( em]g5cy become !mselves soldi]s4 ,z 9 ^! important respects !y 7 useful to ! community at l>ge1 !y ought n to be exclud$ f ! e/imate ( repres5tation4 ,he c\ld n1 h[ev]1 reg>d !m z equal to freem51 & c\ld n vote = !m z su*4 ,he add$1 z wor?y ( rem>k1 t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates h ?is peculi> species ( prop]ty1 ov] & above ! o!r species ( prop]ty common to all ! ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,williamson rem9d$ ,mr4 ,gorham1 t if ! ,s\!rn ,/ates cont5d$ = ! inf]iority ( blacks to :ites1 :5 taxation 0 9 view1 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 on ! same occasion1 cont5d$ = _! equality4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 ei!r !n or n[1 concur 9 ei!r extreme1 b approv$ ( ! ratio ( ?ree-fif?s4 ,on ,mr4 ,butl]'s motion1 = consid]+ blacks z equal to :ites 9 ! apportionm5t ( repres5tation1--,delaw>e1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#c2 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 no--#g4 ,new ,york n on ! floor4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris said he _h sev]al objections to ! proposition ( ,mr4 ,williamson4 ,9 ! fir/ place x fett]$ ! ,legislature too mu*4 ,9 ! second place1 x w\ld exclude "s ,/ates altoge!r :o w\ld n h a suffici5t numb] to entitle !m to a s+le repres5tation4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 x w n consi/ ) ! resolution pass$ on ,saturday la/1 au?oriz+ ! ,legislature to adju/ ! repres5tation1 f "t to "t on ! pr9ciples ( population & weal?2 nor ) ! pr9ciples ( equity4 ,if slaves 7 to be consid]$ z inhabitants1 n z weal?1 !n ! said resolution w\ld n be pursu$2 if z weal?1 !n :y is no o!r weal? b slaves includ$8 ,^! objections may p]haps be remov$ by am5dm5ts4444 ,ano!r objection ) him1 aga9/ admitt+ ! blacks into ! c5sus1 01 t ! p ( ,p5nsylvania w\ld revolt at ! idea ( be+ put on a foot+ ) slaves4 ,!y w\ld reject any plan t 0 to h su* an effect4 pp4 #ajfg-h-i #ajgb4 ,,w$nesday1 ,,july #aa1 #aghg4 ,! next clause z to ?ree-fif?s ( ! negroes be+ consid]$3 ,mr4 ,k+1 be+ mu* oppos$ to fix+ numb]s z ! rule ( repres5tation1 0 p>ticul>ly s on acc\nt ( ! blacks4 ,he ?\ght ! admission ( !m along ) :ites at all1 w\ld excite great discont5ts among ! ,/ates hav+ no slaves4 ,he _h nev] said1 z to any p>ticul> po9t1 t he w\ld 9 no ev5t acquiesce 9 & support x2 b he w\ld say t if 9 any case su* a decl>ation 0 to be made by him1 x w\ld be 9 ?is4 ,he rem>k$ t 9 ! tempor>y allotm5t ( repres5tatives made by ! ,committee1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates _h receiv$ m ?an ! numb] ( _! :ite & ?ree-fif?s ( _! black inhabitants entitl$ !m to4 ,mr4 ,%]man4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a _h n m beyond h] proportion ?an ,new ,york & ,new ,hamp%ire2 nor ei!r ( !m m ?an 0 necess>y 9 ord] to avoid fractions1 or r$uc+ !m bel[ _! proportion4 ,georgia _h m2 b ! rapid gr[? ( t ,/ate seem$ to ju/ify x4 ,9 g5]al ! allotm5t might n be j1 b consid]+ all circum/ances he 0 satisfi$ ) x4 ,mr4 ,gorham 0 aw>e t !re might be "s weight 9 :at _h fall5 f 8 colleague1 z to ! umbrage :i* might be tak5 by ! p ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates4 ,b he recollect$ t :5 ! proposition ( ,congress = *ang+ ! eigh? ,article ( ! ,conf$]ation 0 be=e ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts1 ! only difficulty !n 01 to satisfy !m t ! negroes ought n to h be5 c\nt$ equally ) ! :ites1 in/ead ( be+ c\nt$ 9 ! ratio ( ?ree-fif?s only4#a ,footnote #a3 ,!y 7 !n to h be5 a rule ( taxation only4 ,mr4 ,wilson did n well see1 on :at pr9ciple ! admission ( blacks 9 ! proportion ( ?ree fif?s c\ld be expla9$4 ,are !y admitt$ z citiz5s--!n :y are !y n admitt$ on an equality ) :ite citiz5s8 ,are !y admitt$ z prop]ty--!n :y is n o!r prop]ty admitt$ into ! computation8 ,^! 7 difficulties1 h[ev]1 :i* he ?\ght mu/ be ov]rul$ by ! necessity ( compromise4 ,he _h "s appreh5sions also1 f ! t5d5cy ( ! bl5d+ ( ! blacks ) ! :ites1 to give disgu/ to ! p ( ,p5nsylvania1 z _h be5 intimat$ by 8 colleague 7,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris47 ,mr4 ,g\vemeur ,morris 0 compell$ to decl>e himself r$uc$ to ! dilemma ( do+ inju/ice to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 or to human nature2 & he mu/ !re=e d x to ! =m]4 ,= he c\ld nev] agree to give su* enc\ragem5t to ! slave trade1 z w\ld be giv5 by all[+ !m a repres5tation = _! negroes2 & he did n believe ^? ,/ates w\ld ev] conf$]ate on t]ms t w\ld deprive !m ( t trade4 ,on ! "q = agree+ to include ?ree-fif?s ( ! blacks1--,connecticut1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,georgia1 aye--#d2 ,massa*usetts1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1#b ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no--#f4 pp4 #ajgf-g-h4 ,footnote #b3 ,mr4 ,c>roll said1 9 explanation ( ! vote ( ,m>yl&1 t he wi%$ ! phraseology to be alt]$ z to obviate1 if possible1 ! dang] :i* _h be5 express$ ( giv+ umbrage to ! ,ea/]n & ,middle ,/ates4 ,,?ursday1 ,july #ab1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,butl] cont5d$ t repres5tation %\ld be accord+ to ! full numb] ( inhabitants1 includ+ all ! blacks4 ,g5]al ,p9ckney 0 al>m$ at :at 0 said ye/]day1 by ,g\v]neur ,morris1 conc]n+ ! negroes4 ,he 0 n[ aga9 al>m$ at :at _h be5 ?r[n out conc]n+ ! tax+ ( exports4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a has 9 "o ye> export$ to ! am\nt ( #fjj1jjj4 /]l+1 all :i* 0 ! fruit ( ! labor ( h] blacks4 ,w %e be repres5t$ 9 proportion to ?is am\nt8 ,%e w n4 ,nei!r ought %e !n be subject to a tax on x4 ,he hop$ a clause w\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! sy/em1 re/ra9+ ! ,legislature f tax+ exports4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris hav+ s v>i$ 8 motion by ins]t+ ! ^w direct1 x pass$1 nem4 con41 z foll[s3 provid$ always t direct taxation ought to be proportion$ to repres5tation4 ,mr4 ,davie said x 0 high "t n[ to speak out4 ,he saw t x 0 meant by "s g5tlem5 to deprive ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( any %>e ( repres5tation = _! blacks4 ,he 0 sure t ,nor? ,c>ol9a w\ld nev] conf$]ate on any t]ms t did n rate !m at lea/ z ?ree-fif?s4 ,if ! ,ea/]n ,/ates meant1 !re=e1 to exclude !m altoge!r1 ! bus9ess 0 at an end4 ,dr4 ,johnson ?\ght t weal? & population 7 ! true1 equitable rules ( repres5tation2 b he conceiv$ t ^! two pr9ciples resolv$ !mselves into "o1 population be+ ! be/ measure ( weal?4 ,he conclud$1 !re=e1 t ! numb] ( p ought to be e/abli%$ z ! rule1 & t all descriptions1 includ+ blacks equally ) ! :ites1 ought to fall )9 ! computation4 ,z v>i\s op9ions _h be5 express$ on ! subject1 he w\ld move t a committee might be appo9t$ to take !m into consid]ation1 & report !m4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris4 ,x _h be5 said t x is high "t to speak out4 ,z "o memb]1 he w\ld c&idly d s4 ,he came "h to =m a compact = ! good ( ,am]ica4 ,he 0 ready to d s ) all ! ,/ates4 ,he hop$1 & believ$1 t all w\ld ent] into su* compact4 ,if !y w\ld n1 he 0 ready to jo9 ) any ,/ates t w\ld4 ,b z ! compact 0 to be volunt>y1 x is 9 va9 = ! ,ea/]n ,/ates to insi/ on :at ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w nev] agree to4 ,x is equally va9 = ! latt] to require1 :at ! o!r ,/ates c nev] admit2 & he v]ily believ$ ! p ( ,p5nsylvania w nev] agree to a repres5tation ( negroes4 ,:at c be desir$ by ^! ,/ates m !n has be5 already propos$--t ! legislature %all f "t to "t regulate repres5tation accord+ to population & weal?8 ,g5]al ,p9ckney desir$ t ! rule ( weal? %\ld be asc]ta9$1 & n left to ! pleasure ( ! legislature2 & t prop]ty 9 slaves %\ld n be expos$ to dang]1 "u a gov]nm5t in/itut$ = ! protection ( prop]ty4 ,! fir/ clause 9 ! ,report ( ! fir/ ,gr& ,committee 0 po/pon$4 ,mr4 ,ellswor?1 9 ord] to c>ry into effect ! pr9ciple e/abli%$1 mov$ to add to ! la/ clause adopt$ by ! ,h\se1 ! words foll[+1 & t ! rule ( contribution = direct taxation1 = ! support ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be ! numb] ( :ite inhabitants1 & ?ree-fif?s ( e o!r description 9 ! sev]al ,/ates1 until "s o!r use rule t %all m accurately asc]ta9 ! weal? ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 c be devis$ & adopt$ by ! ,legislature4 ,mr4 ,butl] second$ ! motion1 9 ord] t x might be committ$4 ,mr4 ,r&olph 0 n satisfi$ ) ! motion4 ,! dang] w be reviv$1 t ! +5uity ( ! ,legislature may evade or p]v]t ! rule1 s z to p]petuate ! p[] :]e x %all be lodg$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,he propos$1 9 lieu ( ,mr4 ,ellswor?'s motion1 t 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! alt]ations 9 repres5tation t may be requir$1 f "t to "t1 by *anges 9 ! relative circum/ances ( ! ,/ates1 a c5sus %all be tak5 )9 two ye>s f ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,g5]al ,legislature ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & once )9 ! t]m ( e ---- ye>s aft]w>ds1 ( all ! inhabitants1 9 ! mann] & accord+ to ! ratio recomm5d$ by ,congress 9 _! ,resolution ( ! eighte5? day ( ,april1 #aghc1 7rat+ ! blacks at ?ree-fif?s ( _! numb]27 & t ! ,legislature ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all arrange ! repres5tation accord+ly4 ,he urg$ /r5u\sly t express security ought to be provid$ = includ+ slaves 9 ! ratio ( repres5tation4 ,he lam5t$ t su* a species ( prop]ty exi/$4 ,b z x did exi/1 ! hold]s ( x w\ld require ?is security4 ,x 0 p]ceiv$ t ! design 0 ent]ta9$ by "s ( exclud+ slaves altoge!r2 ! ,legislature !re=e ought n to be left at lib]ty4 ,mr4 ,ellswor? )draws 8 motion1 & seconds t ( ,mr4 ,r&olph4 ,mr4 ,wilson obs]v$1 t less umbrage w\ld p]haps be tak5 aga9/ an admission ( ! slaves into ! rule ( repres5tation1 if x %\ld be s express$ z to make !m indirectly only an +r$i5t 9 ! rule1 by say+ t !y %\ld ent] into ! rule ( taxation2 & z repres5tation 0 to be accord+ to taxation1 ! end w\ld be equally atta9$4 ,mr4 ,p9ckney mov$ to am5d ,mr4 ,r&olph's motion1 s z to make blacks equal to ! :ites 9 ! ratio ( repres5tation4 ,?is1 he urg$1 0 no?+ m ?an ju/ice4 ,! blacks are ! labor]s1 ! peasants1 ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,!y are z productive ( pecuni>y res\rces z ^? ( ! nor!rn /ates4 ,!y add equally to ! weal?1 &1 consid]+ money z ! s9ew ( w>1 to ! /r5g?1 ( ! nation4 ,x w also be politic ) reg>d to ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 z taxation is to keep pace ) repres5tation4 ,on ,mr4 ,p9ckney's 7( ,s4 ,c>ol9a7 motion1 = rat+ blacks z equal to :ites1 in/ead ( z ?ree-fif?s1--,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye --#b2 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut 7,doctor ,johnson1 aye71 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania 7?ree aga9/ two71 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 no--#h4 ,mr4 ,r&olph's 7( ,virg9ia7 proposition1 z v>i$ by ,mr4 ,wilson 7( ,p5nsylvania7 be+ read = tak+ ! "q on ! :ole1-- ,mr4 ,g]ry 7( ,massa*usetts7 urg$ t ! pr9ciple ( x c\ld n be c>ri$ into execution1 z ! ,/ates 7 n to be tax$ z ,/ates4 ,) reg>d to taxes on impo/s1 he conceiv$ !y w\ld be m productive :5 !re 7 no slaves1 ?an :]e !re 72 ! consumption be+ great]4 ,mr4 ,ellswor? 7( ,connecticut47 ,9 ! case ( a poll-tax !re w\ld be no difficulty4 ,b !re w\ld probably be none4 ,! sum allott$ to a ,/ate may be levi$ )\t difficulty1 accord+ to ! plan us$ by ! ,/ate 9 rais+ its own supplies4 ,on ! "q on ! :ole proposition1 z proportion+ repres5tation to direct taxation1 & bo? to ! :ite & ?ree-fif?s ( ! black inhabitants1 & requir+ a c5sus )9 six ye>s1 & )9 e t5 ye>s aft]w>ds1--,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#f2 ,new-,j]sey1 ,delaw>e1 no--#b2 ,massa*usetts1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 divid$4 pp4 #ajgi to #ajhg4 ,friday1 ,july #ac1 #aghg4 ,on ! motion ( ,mr4 ,r&olph 7( ,virg9ia71 ! vote ( ,monday la/1 au?oriz+ ! ,legislature to adju/1 f "t to "t1 ! repres5tation ^u ! pr9ciples ( weal? & numb]s ( inhabitants1 0 reconsid]$ by common cons5t1 9 ord] to /rike out weal? & adju/ ! resolution to t requir+ p]iodical revisions accord+ to ! numb] ( :ites & ?ree-fif?s ( ! blacks4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris 7( ,p5nsylvania7 oppos$ ! alt]ation1 z leav+ /ill an incoh]5ce4 ,if negroes 7 to be view$ z inhabitants1 & ! revision 0 to proce$ on ! pr9ciple ( numb]s ( inhabitants1 !y ought to be add$ 9 _! entire numb]1 & n 9 ! proportion ( ?ree-fif?s4 ,if z prop]ty1 ! ^w weal? 0 "r2 & /rik+ x out w\ld produce ! v inconsi/5cy :i* x 0 meant to get rid (4 ,! tra9 ( bus9ess1 & ! late turn :i* x _h tak51 _h l$ him1 he said1 into deep m$itation on x1 & he w\ld c&idly /ate ! result4 ,a di/9ction has be5 set up1 & urg$1 betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,he _h hi!rto consid]$ ?is doctr9e z h]etical4 ,he /ill ?\ght ! di/9ction gr\ndless4 ,he sees1 h[ev]1 t x is p]si/$ 92 & ! ,s\!rn g5tlem5 w n be satisfi$ unless !y see ! way op5 to _! ga9+ a majority 9 ! public c\ncils4 ,! consequ5ce ( su* a transf] ( p[] f ! m>itime to ! int]ior & l&$ int]e/1 w1 he =esees1 be su* an oppression to comm]ce1 t he %all be oblig$ to vote = ! vici\s pr9ciple ( equality 9 ! second bran*1 9 ord] to provide "s def5ce = ! ,nor!rn ,/ates aga9/ x4 ,b to come m to ! po9t1 ei!r ?is di/9ction is fictiti\s or real2 if fictiti\s1 let x be dismiss$1 & let u proce$ ) due confid5ce4 ,if x be real1 in/ead ( attempt+ to bl5d incompatible ?+s1 let u at once take a fri5dly leave ( ea* o!r4 ,!re c be no end ( dem&s = security1 if e p>ticul> int]e/ is to be entitl$ to x4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates may claim x = _! fi%]y1 & = o!r objects1 z ! ,s\!rn ,/ates claim x = _! peculi> objects4 ,9 ?is /ruggle betwe5 ! two ends ( ! ,union1 :at "p ought ! ,middle ,/ates1 9 po9t ( policy1 to take8 ,to jo9 _! ,ea/]n bre?r51 accord+ to 8 ideas4 ,if ! ,s\!rn ,/ates get ! p[] into _! h&s1 & be jo9$1 z !y w be1 ) ! int]ior c\ntry1 !y w inevitably br+ on a w> ) ,spa9 = ! ,mississippi4 ,?is language is already held4 ,! int]ior c\ntry1 leav+ no prop]ty nor int]e/ expos$ to ! sea1 w be little affect$ by su* a w>4 ,he wi%$ to "k :at security ! ,nor!rn & ,middle ,/ates w h aga9/ ?is dang]4 ,x has be5 said t ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia only1 w 9 a little "t h a majority ( ! p ( ,am]ica4 ,!y mu/ 9 t case include ! great int]ior c\ntry1 & e ?+ 0 to be appreh5d$ f _! gett+ ! p[] into _! h&s4 ,mr4 ,butl] 7( ,s\? ,c>ol9a74 ,! security ! ,s\!rn ,/ates want is1 t _! negroes may n be tak5 f !m1 :i* "s g5tlem5 )9 or )\t doors h a v good m9d to d4 ,x 0 n suppos$ t ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 w\ld h m p ?an all ! o!r ,/ates1 b _m m relatively to ! o!r ,/ates1 ?an !y n[ h4 ,! p & /r5g? ( ,am]ica are evid5tly be>+ s\?w>dly1 & s\?we/w>dly4 ,on ! "q to /rike out weal?1 & to make ! *ange z mov$ by ,mr4 ,r&oph 7( ,virg9ia71 x pass$ 9 ! affirmative1-- ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new-,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#i2 ,delaw>e1 divid$4 pp4 #ajij-a-b-c-d4 ,,saturday1 ,july #ad1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,madison 7( ,virg9ia74 x seem$ n[ pretty well und]/ood1 t ! real diff]5ce ( int]e/s lay1 n betwe5 ! l>ge & small1 b betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,slav]y1 ,,& ,,its ,,consequ5ces1 ,,=m$ ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,discrim9ation4 p4 #aajd4 ,,monday1 ,july #bc1 #aghg4 ,g5]al ,p9ckney rem9d$ ! ,conv5tion1 t if ! ,committee %\ld fail to ins]t "s security to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates aga9/ an emancipation ( slaves1 & taxes on exports1 he %\ld be b\nd by duty to 8 ,/ate to vote aga9/ _! report4 p4 #aahg4 ,,tuesday1 ,july #bd1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris hop$ ! ,committee w\ld /rike out ! :ole ( ! clause proportion+ direct taxation to repres5tation4 ,he _h only meant x z a bridge#c to assi/ u ov] a c]ta9 gulf2 hav+ pass$ ! gulf1 ! bridge may be remov$4 ,he ?\ght ! pr9ciple laid d[n ) s mu* /rictness liable to /rong objections4 p4 #aaig4 ,footnote #c3 ,! object 0 to less5 ! eag]ness1 on "o side1 =1 & ! opposition1 on ! o!r1 to ! %>e ( repres5tation claim$ by ! ,s\!rn ,/ates on acc\nt ( ! negroes4 ,,w$nesday1 ,augu/ #h1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,k+ wi%$ to "k :at influ5ce ! vote j pass$ 0 meant to h on ! succe$+ "p ( ! ,report1 conc]n+ ! admission ( slaves into ! rule ( repres5tation4 ,he c\ld n reconcile 8 m9d to ! ,article1 if x 0 to prev5t objections to ! latt] "p4 ,! admission ( slaves 0 a mo/ grat+ circum/ance to 8 m9d1 & he believ$ w\ld be s to a great "p ( ! p ( ,am]ica4 ,he _h n made a /r5u\s opposition to x h]et(ore1 because he _h hope t ?is concession w\ld h produc$ a read9ess1 :i* _h n be5 manife/$1 to /r5g!n ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 & to m>k a full confid5ce 9 x4 ,! ,report "u consid]ation _h1 by ! t5or ( x1 put an end to all ^? hopes4 ,9 two great po9ts ! h&s ( ! ,legislature 7 absolutely ti$4 ,! importation ( slaves c\ld n be prohibit$4 ,exports c\ld n be tax$4 ,is ?is reasonable8 ,:at are ! great objects ( ! g5]al sy/em8 ,fir/1 def5ce aga9/ =eign invasion2 secondly1 aga9/ int]nal s$ition4 ,%all all ! ,/ates1 !n1 be b\nd to def5d ea*1 & %all ea* be at lib]ty to introduce a weakness :i* w r5d] def5ce m difficult8 ,%all "o "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates be b\nd to def5d ano!r "p1 & t o!r "p be at lib]ty1 n only to increase its own dang]1 b to )hold ! comp5sation = ! burd58 ,if slaves are to be import$1 %all n ! exports produc$ by _! labor supply a rev5ue ! bett] to enable ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t to def5d _! ma/]s8 ,!re 0 s mu* inequality & unreasonabl5ess 9 all ?is1 t ! p ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates c\ld nev] be reconcil$ to x4 ,no c&id man c\ld und]take to ju/ify x to !m4 ,he _h hop$ t "s accommodation w\ld h tak5 place on ?is subject2 t at lea/ a "t w\ld h be5 limit$ = ! importation ( slaves4 ,he nev] c\ld agree to let !m be import$ )\t limitation1 & !n be repres5t$ 9 ! ,national ,legislature4 ,inde$1 he c\ld s little p]suade himself ( ! rectitude ( su* a practice1 t he 0 n sure he c\ld ass5t to x "u any circum/ances4 ,at all ev5ts1 ei!r slaves %\ld n be repres5t$1 or exports %\ld be taxable4 ,mr4 ,%]man reg>d$ ! slave trade z iniquit\s2 b ! po9t ( repres5tation hav+ be5 settl$ aft] mu* difficulty & delib]ation1 he did n ?9k himself b\nd to make opposition2 especially z ! pres5t ,article1 z am5d$1 did n preclude any arrangem5t :atev] on t po9t1 9 ano!r place ( ! report4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris mov$ to ins]t free be=e ! ^w inhabitants4 ,mu*1 he said1 w\ld dep5d on ?is po9t4 ,he nev] w\ld concur 9 uphold+ dome/ic slav]y4 ,x 0 a nef>i\s in/itution4 ,x 0 ! curse ( ,heav5 on ! ,/ates :]e x prevail$4 ,comp>e ! free regions ( ! ,middle ,/ates1 :]e a ri* & noble cultivation m>ks ! prosp]ity & happ9ess ( ! p1 ) ! mis]y & pov]ty :i* ov]spread ! b>r5 wa/es ( ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 & ! o!r ,/ates hav+ slaves4 ,travel ?r\gh ! :ole cont95t1 & y behold ! prospect cont9ually v>y+ ) ! appe>ance & disappe>ance ( slav]y4 ,! mom5t y leave ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 & ent] ,new-,york1 ! effects ( ! in/itution become visible4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! ,j]seys & ent]+ ,p5nsylvania1 e crit]ion ( sup]ior improvem5t witnesses ! *ange4 ,proce$ s\?w>dly1 & e /ep y take1 ?r\gh ! great regions ( slaves1 pres5ts a des]t increas+ ) ! increas+ proportion ( ^! wret*$ be+s4 ,^u :at pr9ciple is x t ! slaves %all be comput$ 9 ! repres5tation8 ,are !y m58 ,!n make !m citiz5s1 & let !m vote4 ,are !y prop]ty8 ,:y1 !n is no o!r prop]ty includ$8 ,! h\ses 9 ?is city 7,philadelphia7 are wor? m ?an all ! wret*$ slaves :o cov] ! rice swamps ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! admission ( slaves into ! repres5tation1 :5 fairly expla9$1 comes to ?is1 t ! inhabitant ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :o goes to ! coa/ ( ,africa1 &1 9 defiance ( ! mo/ sacr$ laws ( humanity1 te>s away 8 fell[-creatures f _! de>e/ connections1 & damns !m to ! mo/ cruel bondage1 %all h m votes 9 a gov]nm5t in/itut$ = protection ( ! rights ( mank9d1 ?an ! citiz5 ( ,p5nsylvania or ,new-,j]sey1 :o views ) a laudable horror s nef>i\s a practice4 ,he w\ld add1 t dome/ic slav]y is ! mo/ prom95t feature 9 ! ari/ocratic c\nt5ance ( ! propos$ ,con/itution4 ,! vassalage ( ! poor has ev] be5 ! favorite (fspr+ ( ari/ocracy4 ,& :at is ! propos$ comp5sation to ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 = a sacrifice ( e pr9ciple ( "r1 ( e impulse ( humanity8 ,!y are to b9d !mselves to m>* _! militia = ! def5ce ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 = _! def5ce aga9/ ^? v slaves ( :om !y compla94 ,!y mu/ supply vessels & seam51 9 case ( =eign attack4 ,! ,legislature w h indef9ite p[] to tax !m by excises1 & duties on imports2 bo? ( :i* w fall heavi] on !m ?an on ! ,s\!rn inhabitants2 = ! bohea tea us$ by a ,nor!rn freeman w pay m tax ?an ! :ole consumption ( ! mis]able slave1 :i* consi/s ( no?+ m ?an 8 physical subsi/5ce & ! rag t cov]s 8 nak$ness4 ,on ! o!r side1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are n to be re/ra9$ f import+ fre% supplies ( wret*$ ,africans1 at once to increase ! dang] ( attack1 & ! difficulty ( def5ce2 nay1 !y are to be enc\rag$ to x1 by an assurance ( hav+ _! votes 9 ! ,national ,gov]nm5t increas$ 9 proportion2 & are1 at ! same "t1 to h _! exports & _! slaves exempt f all contributions = ! public s]vice4 ,let x n be said1 t direct taxation is to be proportion$ to repres5tation4 ,x is idle to suppose t ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t c /ret* its h& directly into ! pockets ( ! p1 scatt]$ ov] s va/ a c\ntry4 ,!y c only d x ?r\gh ! m$ium ( exports1 imports & excises4 ,= :at1 !n1 are all ! sacrifices to be made8 ,he w\ld soon] submit himself to a tax = pay+ = all ! negroes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?an saddle po/]ity ) su* a ,con/itution4 ,mr4 ,dayton second$ ! motion4 ,he did x1 he said1 t 8 s5tim5ts on ! subject might appe>1 :atev] might be ! fate ( ! am5dm5t4 ,mr4 ,%]man did n reg>d ! admission ( ! negroes into ! ratio ( repres5tation1 z liable to su* insup]able objections4 ,x 0 ! freem5 ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates :o 71 9 fact1 to be repres5t$ accord+ to ! taxes paid by !m1 & ! negroes are only includ$ 9 ! e/imate ( ! taxes4 ,?is 0 8 idea ( ! matt]4 ,mr4 ,p9ckney consid]$ ! fi%]ies1 & ! we/]n fronti]1 z m bur!nsome to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an ! slaves4 ,he ?\ght ?is c\ld be demon/rat$1 if ! occasion 7 a prop] "o4 ,mr4 ,wilson ?\ght ! motion premature4 ,an agreem5t to ! clause w\ld be no b> to ! object ( x4 ,on ! "q1 on ! motion to ins]t free be=e inhabitants1 ,new-,j]sey1 aye--#a2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 no--#aj4 pp4 #abfa-b-c-d-e-f4 ,,tuesday1 ,augu/ #ba1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,l4 ,m>t9 propos$ to v>y ,article #g1 ,section #d1 s z to all[ a prohibition or tax on ! importation ( slaves4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z five slaves are to be c\nt$ z ?ree freem51 9 ! apportionm5t ( ,repres5tatives1 su* a clause w\ld leave an enc\ragem5t to ?is traffic4 ,9 ! second place1 slaves weak5$ "o "p ( ! ,union1 :i* ! o!r p>ts 7 b\nd to protect2 ! privilege ( import+ !m 0 !re=e unreasonable4 ,& 9 ! ?ird place1 x 0 inconsi/5t ) ! pr9ciples ( ! ,revolution1 & di%onorable to ! ,am]ican "*1 to h su* a feature 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,mr4 ,rutl$ge did n see h[ ! importation ( slaves c\ld be enc\rag$ by ?is section4 ,he 0 n appreh5sive ( insurrections1 & w\ld readily exempt ! o!r /ates f ! obligation to protect ! ,s\!rn aga9/ !m4 ,religion & humanity _h no?+ to d ) ?is "q4 ,int]e/ alone is ! gov]n+ pr9ciple ) nations4 ,! true "q at pres5t is1 :e!r ! ,s\!rn ,/ates %all or %all n be p>ties to ! ,union4 ,if ! ,nor!rn ,/ates consult _! int]e/1 !y w n oppose ! increase ( slaves1 :i* w increase ! commodities ( :i* !y w become ! c>ri]s4 ,mr4 ,ellswor? 0 = leav+ ! clause z x /&s4 ,let e ,/ate import :at x pleases4 ,! morality or wisdom ( slav]y are consid]ations belong+ to ! ,/ates !mselves4 ,:at enri*es a "p enri*es ! :ole1 & ! ,/ates are ! be/ judges ( _! p>ticul> int]e/4 ,! ,old ,conf$]ation _h n m$dl$ ) ?is po9t2 & he did n see any great] necessity = br++ x )9 ! policy ( ! new "o4 ,mr4 ,p9ckney4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a c nev] receive ! plan if x prohibits ! slave trade4 ,9 e propos$ ext5sion ( ! p[]s ( ,congress1 t ,/ate has expressly & wat*fully except$ t ( m$dl+ ) ! importation ( negroes4 ,if ! ,/ates be all left at lib]ty on ?is subject1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a may p]haps1 by degrees1 d ( h]self :at is wi%$1 z ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& already h done4 ,adj\rn$4 pp4 #achh-i4 ,,w$nesday1 ,augu/ #bb1 #aghg4 ,article #g1 ,section #d1 0 resum$4 ,mr4 ,%]man 0 = leav+ ! clause z x /&s4 ,he disapprov$ ( ! slave trade2 yet z ! ,/ates 7 n[ possess$ ( ! "r to import slaves1 z ! public good did n require x to be tak5 f !m1 & z x 0 exp$i5t to h z few objections z possible to ! propos$ s*eme ( gov]nm5t1 he ?\ght x be/ to leave ! matt] z we f9d x4 ,he obs]v$ t ! abolition ( slav]y seem$ to be go+ on 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t ! good s5se ( ! sev]al ,/ates w\ld probably by degrees complete x4 ,he urg$ on ! ,conv5tion ! necessity ( despat*+ its bus9ess4 ,col4 ,mason4 ,?is inf]nal traffic orig9at$ 9 ! av>ice ( ,briti% m]*ants4 ,! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t con/antly *eck$ ! attempts ( ,virg9ia to put a /op to x4 ,! pres5t "q conc]ns n ! import+ ,/ates alone1 b ! :ole ,union4 ,! evil ( hav+ slaves 0 exp]i5c$ dur+ ! late w>4 ,_h slaves be5 treat$ z !y might h be5 by ! enemy1 !y w\ld h prov$ dang]\s in/rum5ts 9 _! h&s4 ,b _! folly dealt by ! slaves z x did by ! tories4 ,he m5tion$ ! dang]\s insurrections ( ! slaves 9 ,greece & ,sicily2 & ! in/ructions giv5 by ,cromwell to ! commission]s s5t to ,virg9ia1 to arm ! s]vants & slaves1 9 case o!r means ( obta9+ its submission %\ld fail4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia he said _h already prohibit$ ! importation ( slaves expressly4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a _h done ! same 9 sub/ance4 ,all ?is w\ld be 9 va91 if ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia be at lib]ty to import4 ,! ,we/]n p are already call+ out = slaves = _! new l&s2 & w fill t c\ntry ) slaves1 if !y c be got ?r\gh ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia4 ,slav]y disc\rages arts & manufactures4 ,! poor despise labor :5 p]=m$ by slaves4 ,!y prev5t ! emigration ( :ites1 :o really enri* & /r5g!n a c\ntry4 ,!y produce ! mo/ p]nici\s effect on mann]s4 ,e ma/] ( slaves is born a petty tyrant4 ,!y br+ ! judgm5t ( ,heav5 on a c\ntry4 ,z nations _c be rew>d$ or puni%$ 9 ! next _w1 !y mu/ be 9 ?is4 ,by an inevitable *a9 ( causes & effects1 ,provid5ce puni%es national s9s by national calamities4 ,he lam5t$ t "s ( our ,ea/]n bre?r5 _h1 f a lu/ ( ga91 emb>k$ 9 ! nef>i\s traffic4 ,z to ! ,/ates be+ 9 possession ( ! "r to import1 ?is 0 ! case ) _m o!r rights1 n[ to be prop]ly giv5 up4 ,he held x ess5tial 9 e po9t ( view1 t ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t %\ld h p[] to prev5t ! increase ( slav]y4 ,mr4 ,ellswor?1 z he _h nev] own$ a slave1 c\ld n judge ( ! effects ( slav]y on "*4 ,he said1 h[ev]1 t if x 0 to be consid]$ 9 a moral light1 we ought to g fur!r & free ^? already 9 ! c\ntry4 ,z slaves also multiply s fa/ 9 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& t x is *eap] to raise ?an import !m1 :il/ 9 ! sickly rice swamps =eign supplies are necess>y1 if we g no fur!r ?an is urg$1 we %all be unju/ t[>ds ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia4 ,let u n int]m$dle4 ,z population increases1 poor labor]s w be s pl5ty z to r5d] slaves useless4 ,slav]y1 9 "t1 w n be a speck 9 our c\ntry4 ,provision is already made 9 ,connecticut = aboli%+ x4 ,& ! abolition has already tak5 place 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,z to ! dang] ( insurrections f =eign influ5ce1 t w become a motive to k9d treatm5t ( ! slaves4 ,mr4 ,p9ckney4 ,if slav]y be wrong1 x is ju/ifi$ by ! example ( all ! _w4 ,he cit$ ! case ( ,greece1 ,rome & o!r anci5t ,/ates2 ! sanction giv5 by ,france1 ,engl&1 ,holl& & o!r mod]n ,/ates4 ,9 all ages1 "o half ( mank9d h be5 slaves4 ,if ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 7 let alone1 !y w probably ( !mselves /op importations4 ,he w\ld himself1 z a citiz5 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 vote = x4 ,an attempt to take away ! "r1 z propos$1 w produce s]i\s objections to ! ,con/itution1 :i* he wi%$ to see adopt$4 ,g54 ,p9ckney decl>$ x to be 8 firm op9ion t if himself & all 8 colleagues 7 to sign ! ,con/itution & use _! p]sonal influ5ce1 x w\ld be ( no avail t[>ds obta9+ ! ass5t ( _! con/itu5ts4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia _c d )\t slaves4 ,z to ,virg9ia1 %e w ga9 by /opp+ ! importations4 ,h] slaves w rise 9 value1 & %e has m ?an %e wants4 ,x w\ld be unequal1 to require ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 to conf$]ate on su* unequal t]ms4 ,he said ! ,royal ass5t1 be=e ! ,revolution1 _h nev] be5 refus$ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 z to ,virg9ia4 ,he cont5d$ t ! importation ( slaves w\ld be = ! int]e/ ( ! :ole ,union4 ,! m slaves1 ! m produce to employ ! c>ry+ trade2 ! m consumption also2 & ! m ( ?is1 ! m rev5ue = ! common treasury4 ,he admitt$ x to be reasonable t slaves %\ld be duti$ l o!r imports2 b %\ld consid] a rejection ( ! clause z an exclusion ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a f ! ,union4 ,mr4 ,baldw9 _h conceiv$ national objects alone to be be=e ! ,conv5tion2 n su* z1 l ! pres5t1 7 ( a local nature4 ,georgia 0 decid$ on ?is po9t4 ,t ,/ate has always hi!rto suppos$ a ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t to be ! pursuit ( ! c5tral ,/ates1 :o wi%$ to h a vortex = e ?+2 t h] di/ance w\ld preclude h]1 f equal advantage2 & t %e c\ld n prud5tly pur*ase x by yield+ national p[]s4 ,f ?is x might be und]/ood1 9 :at light %e w\ld view an attempt to abridge "o ( h] favorite pr]ogatives4 ,if left to h]self1 %e may probably put a /op to ! evil4 ,z "o gr\nd = ?is conjecture1 he took notice ( ! sect ( ----2 :i* he said 0 a respectable class ( p1 :o c>ri$ _! e?ics beyond ! m]e equality ( m51 ext5d+ _! humanity to ! claims ( ! :ole animal creation4 ,mr4 ,wilson obs]v$ t if ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 7 !mselves dispos$ to get rid ( ! importation ( slaves 9 a %ort "t1 z _h be5 sugge/$1 !y w\ld nev] refuse to unite because ! importation might be prohibit$4 ,z ! section n[ /&s1 all articles import$ are to be tax$4 ,slaves alone are exempt4 ,?is is 9 fact a b\nty on t article4 ,mr4 ,g]ry ?\ght we _h no?+ to d ) ! conduct ( ! ,/ates z to slaves1 b ought to be c>eful n to give any sanction to x4 ,mr4 ,dick9son consid]$ x z inadmissible1 on e pr9ciple ( honor & safety1 t ! importation ( slaves %\ld be au?oriz$ to ! ,/ates by ! ,con/itution4 ,! true "q 01 :e!r ! national happ9ess w\ld be promot$ or imp$$ by ! importation2 & ?is "q ought to be left to ! ,national ,gov]nm5t1 n to ! ,/ates p>ticul>ly int]e/$4 ,if ,engl& & ,france p]mit slav]y1 slaves are1 at ! same "t1 exclud$ f bo? ^? k+doms4 ,greece & ,rome 7 made unhappy by _! slaves4 ,he c\ld n believe t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld refuse to conf$]ate on ! acc\nt appreh5d$2 especially z ! p[] 0 n likely to be imm$iately ex]cis$ by ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,mr4 ,williamson /at$ ! law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a on ! subject1 to wit1 t x did n directly prohibit ! importation ( slaves4 ,x impos$ a duty ( #e on ea* slave import$ f ,africa2 #aj on ea* f else:]e2 & #ej on ea* f a ,/ate lic5s+ manumission4 ,he ?\ght ! ,s\!rn ,/ates c\ld n be memb]s ( ! ,union1 if ! clause %\ld be reject$2 & t x 0 wrong to =ce any ?+ d[n n absolutely necess>y1 & :i* any ,/ate mu/ disagree to4 ,mr4 ,k+ ?\ght ! subject %\ld be consid]$ 9 a political light only4 ,if two /ates w n agree to ! ,con/itution1 z /at$ on "o side1 he c\ld affirm ) equal belief1 on ! o!r1 t great & equal opposition w\ld be exp]i5c$ f ! o!r ,/ates4 ,he rem>k$ on ! exemption ( slaves f duty1 :il/ e o!r import 0 subject$ to x1 z an inequality t c\ld n fail to /rike ! comm]cial sagacity ( ! ,nor!rn & ,middle ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,langdon 0 /r5u\s = giv+ ! p[] to ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,he c\ld n1 ) a good consci5ce1 h x ) ! ,/ates1 :o c\ld !n g on ) ! traffic1 )\t be+ re/ra9$ by ! op9ions "h giv51 t !y w !mselves cease to import slaves4 ,g54 ,p9ckney ?\ght himself b\nd to decl>e c&idly1 t he did n ?9k ,s\? ,c>ol9a w\ld /op h] importations ( slaves1 9 any %ort "t2 b only /op !m occasionally z %e n[ does4 ,he mov$ to commit ! clause1 t slaves might be made liable to an equal tax ) o!r imports2 :i* he ?\ght "r1 & :i* w\ld remove "o difficulty t _h be5 />t$4 ,mr4 ,rutl$ge4 ,if ! ,conv5tion ?9ks t ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 w ev] agree to ! plan1 unless _! "r to import slaves be unt\*$1 ! expectation is va94 ,! p ( ^? ,/ates w nev] be su* fools1 z to give up s important an int]e/4 ,he 0 /r5u\s aga9/ /rik+ out ! section1 & second$ ! motion ( ,g54 ,p9ckney = a commitm5t4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris wi%$ ! :ole subject to be committ$ includ+ ! clauses relat+ to taxes on exports & to a navigation act4 ,^! ?+s may =m a b>ga9 among ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,butl] decl>$ t he nev] w\ld agree to ! p[] ( tax+ exports4 ,mr4 ,%]man said x 0 bett] to let ! ,s\!rn ,/ates import slaves1 ?an to "p ) !m1 if !y made t a s9e qua non4 ,he 0 oppos$ to a tax on slaves import$1 z mak+ ! matt] worse1 because x impli$ !y 7 prop]ty4 ,he ackn[l$g$ t if ! p[] ( prohibit+ ! importation %\ld be giv5 to ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 t x w\ld be ex]cis$4 ,he ?\ght x w\ld be its duty to ex]cise ! p[]4 ,mr4 ,read 0 = ! commitm5t1 provid$ ! clause conc]n+ taxes on exp]ts %\ld also be committ$4 ,mr4 ,%]man obs]v$ t t clause _h be5 agre$ to1 & !re=e c\ld n be committ$4 ,mr4 ,r&olph 0 = committ+1 9 ord] t "s middle gr\nd might1 if possible1 be f\nd4 ,he c\ld nev] agree to ! clause z x /&s4 ,he w\ld soon] risk ! ,con/itution4 ,he dwelt on ! dilemma to :i* ! ,conv5tion 0 expos$4 ,by agree+ to ! clause1 x w\ld revolt ! ,quak]s1 ! ,me?odi/s1 & _m o!rs 9 ! ,/ates hav+ no slaves4 ,on ! o!r h&1 two ,/ates might be lo/ to ! ,union4 ,let u !n1 he said1 try ! *ance ( a commitm5t4 ,on ! "q = committ+ ! rema9+ "p ( ,sections #d & #e1 ( ,article #g1--;,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#g2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 no--#c2 ,massa*usetts abs5t4 p4 #acij-ig4 ,friday1 ,augu/ #bd1 #aghg4 ,9 ,conv5tion1--,gov]nor ,liv+/on1 f ! committee ( elev51 to :om 7 ref]r$ ! two rema9+ clauses ( ! f\r? section1 & ! fif? & six? sections1 ( ! sev5? ,article1 deliv]$ 9 ! foll[+ ,report3 ,/rike out s mu* ( ! f\r? section z 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee1 & ins]t1 ',! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z ! sev]al ,/ates1 n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,legislature prior to ! ye> #ahjj2 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* migration or importation1 at a rate n exce$+ ! av]age ( ! duties laid on imports4' ,! fif? ,section to rema9 z 9 ! ,report4 ,! six? ,section#d to be /rick5 out4 p4 #adae4 ,footnote #d3 ,?is six? ,section 01 ,no ,navigation act %all be pass$ )\t ! ass5t ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t 9 ea* ,h\se4--,,editor4 ,saturday1 ,augu/ #be1 #aghg4 ,! ,report ( ! ,committee ( elev5 7see ,friday1 ! tw5ty-f\r?7 be+ tak5 up1-- ,g54 ,p9ckney mov$ to /rike out ! words1 ! ye> eighte5 hundr$1 z ! ye> limit+ ! importation ( slaves2 & to ins]t ! words1 ! ye> eighte5 hundr$ & eight4 ,mr4 ,gorham second$ ! motion4 ,mr4 ,madison4 ,tw5ty ye>s w produce all ! mis*ief t c be appreh5d$ f ! lib]ty to import slaves4 ,s long a t]m w be m di%onorable to ! ,am]ican "*1 ?an to say no?+ ab\t x 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,on ! motion1 :i* pass$ 9 ! affirmative1--,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,m>yl&1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#g2 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,virg9ia1 no--#d4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris 0 = mak+ ! clause read at once1 ! importation ( slaves 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 %all n be prohibit$1 c4 ,?is he said1 w\ld be mo/ fair1 & w\ld avoid ! ambiguity by :i*1 "u ! p[] ) reg>d to naturalization1 ! lib]ty res]v$ to ! ,/ates might be defeat$4 ,he wi%$ x to be kn[n1 also1 t ?is "p ( ! ,con/itution 0 a compliance ) ^? ,/ates4 ,if ! *ange ( language1 h[ev]1 %\ld be object$ to1 by ! memb]s f ^? ,/ates1 he %\ld n urge x4 ,col4 ,mason 0 n aga9/ us+ ! t]m slaves1 b aga9/ nam+ ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 le/ x %\ld give (f5ce to ! p ( ^? ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,%]man lik$ a description bett] ?an ! t]ms propos$1 :i* _h be5 decl9$ by ! old ,congress1 & 7 n pleas+ to "s p4 ,m4 ,clym] concurr$ ) ,mr4 ,%]man4 ,mr4 ,williamson said1 t bo? 9 op9ion & practice he 0 aga9/ slav]y2 b ?\ght x m 9 favor ( humanity1 f a view ( all circum/ances1 to let 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia on ^? t]ms1 ?an to exclude !m f ! ,union4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris )drew 8 motion4 ,mr4 ,dick9son wi%$ ! clause to be conf9$ to ! ,/ates :i* _h n !mselves prohibit$ ! importation ( slaves2 & = t purpose mov$ to am5d ! clause1 s z to read3 ,! importation ( slaves into su* ( ! ,/ates z %all p]mit ! same1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,legislature ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 until ! ye> #ahjh2 :i* 0 disagre$ to1 nem4 con4#e ,footnote #e3 ,9 ! pr9t$ ,j\rnals1 ,connecticut1 ,virg9ia1 & ,georgia1 vot$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! ,report 0 !n agre$ to1 am5d$ z foll[s3 ,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z ! sev]al ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,legislature prior to ! ye> #ahjh1-- ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,m>yl&1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#g2 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,virg9ia1 no--#d4 ,mr4 ,baldw91 9 ord] to re/ra9 & m explicitly def9e1 ! av]age duty1 mov$ to /rike out ( ! second "p ! words1 av]age ( ! duties & on imports1 & ins]t common impo/ on articles n enum]at$2 :i* 0 agre$ to1 nem4 con4 ,mr4 ,%]man 0 aga9/ ?is second "p1 z ackn[l$g+ m5 to be prop]ty1 by tax+ !m z su* "u ! "* ( slaves4 ,mr4 ,k+ & ,mr4 ,langdon consid]$ ?is z ! price ( ! fir/ "p4 ,g54 ,p9ckney admitt$ t x 0 s4 ,col4 ,mason4 ,n to tax1 w be equival5t to a b\nty on1 ! importation ( slaves4 ,mr4 ,gorham ?\ght t ,mr4 ,%]man %\ld consid] ! duty1 n z imply+ t slaves are prop]ty1 b z a disc\ragem5t to ! importation ( !m4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris rem>k$1 t1 z ! clause n[ /&s1 x implies t ! ,legislature may tax freem5 import$4 ,mr4 ,%]man1 9 answ] to ,mr4 ,gorham1 obs]v$1 t ! smallness ( ! duty %[$ rev5ue to be ! object1 n ! disc\ragem5t ( ! importation4 ,mr4 ,madison ?\ght x wrong to admit 9 ! ,con/itution ! idea t !re c\ld be prop]ty 9 m54 ,! reason ( duties did n hold1 z slaves are n1 l m]*&ise1 consum$1 c4 ,col4 ,mason1 9 answ] to ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris4 ,! provision z x /&s1 0 necess>y = ! case ( convicts2 9 ord] to prev5t ! introduction ( !m4 ,x 0 f9ally agre$1 nem4 con41 to make ! clause read3 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son2 & !n ! second "p1 z am5d$1 0 agre$ to4 pp4 #adbg to #cj4 ,tuesday1 ,augu/ #bh1 #aghg4 ,article #ad1 0 !n tak5 up4 ,g5]al ,p9ckney 0 n satisfi$ ) x4 ,he seem$ to wi% "s provision %\ld be includ$ 9 favor ( prop]ty 9 slaves4 ,on ! "q on ,article #ad1-- ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aye--#i2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no--#a2 ,georgia1 divid$4 ,article #ae1 be+ !n tak5 up1 ! words1 high misdemeanor1 7 /ruck out1 & ! words1 o!r crime1 ins]t$1 9 ord] to compreh5d all prop] cases2 x be+ d\btful :e!r high misdemeanor _h n a te*nical mean+ too limit$4 ,mr4 ,butl] & ,mr4 ,p9ckney mov$ to require fugitive slaves & s]vants to be deliv]$ up l crim9als4 ,mr4 ,wilson4 ,?is w\ld oblige ! ,executive ( ! ,/ate to d x1 at ! public exp5se4 ,mr4 ,%]man saw no m propriety 9 ! public seiz+ & surr5d]+ a slave or s]vant1 ?an a horse4 ,mr4 ,butl] )drew 8 proposition1 9 ord] t "s p>ticul> provision might be made1 ap>t f ?is article4 ,article #ae1 z am5d$1 0 !n agre$ to1 nem4 con4 pp4 #addg-h4 ,w$nesday1 ,augu/ #bi1 #aghg4 ,g5]al ,p9ckney said x 0 ! true int]e/ ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to h no regulation ( comm]ce2 b consid]+ ! loss br\ght on ! comm]ce ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates by ! ,revolution1 _! lib]al conduct t[>ds ! views#f ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ! int]e/ ! weak ,s\!rn ,/ates _h 9 be+ unit$ ) ! /rong ,ea/]n ,/ates1 he ?\ght x prop] t no fett]s %\ld be impos$ on ! p[] ( mak+ comm]cial regulations1 & t 8 con/itu5ts1 ?\gh prejudic$ aga9/ ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 w\ld be reconcil$ to ?is lib]ality4 ,he _h1 himself1 he said1 prejudices aga9/ ! ,ea/]n ,/ates be=e he came "h1 b w\ld ackn[l$ge t he _h f\nd !m z lib]al & c&id z any m5 :atev]4 p4 #adea4 ,footnote #f3 ,he meant ! p]mission to import slaves4 ,an und]/&+ on ! two subjects ( navigation & slav]y1 _h tak5 place betwe5 ^? p>ts ( ! ,union1 :i* expla9s ! vote on ! motion dep5d+1 z well z ! language ( ,g5]al ,p9ckney & o!rs4 ,mr4 ,butl] mov$ to ins]t aft] ,article #ae1 ,if any p]son b\nd to s]vice or labor 9 any ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all escape into ano!r ,/ate1 he or %e %all n be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor1 9 consequ5ce ( any regulations subsi/+ 9 ! ,/ate to :i* !y escape1 b %all be deliv]$ up to ! p]son ju/ly claim+ _! s]vice or labor1--:i* 0 agre$ to1 nem4 con4 p4 #adef4 ,monday1 ,septemb] #aj1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,rutl$ge said he nev] c\ld agree to give a p[] by :i* ! articles relat+ to slaves might be alt]$ by ! ,/ates n int]e/$ 9 t prop]ty1 & prejudic$ aga9/ x4 ,9 ord] to obviate ?is objection1 ^! words 7 add$ to ! proposition3 provid$ t no am5dm5ts1 :i* may be made prior to ! ye> #ahjh %all 9 any mann] affect ! f\r? & fif? sections ( ! sev5? ,article4 p4 #aecf4 ,?ursday1 ,septemb] #ac1 #aghg4 ,article #a1 ,section #b4 ,on motion ( ,mr4 ,r&olph1 ! ^w s]vitude 0 /ruck out1 & s]vice unanim\sly#g ins]t$1 ! =m] be+ ?\ght to express ! condition ( slaves1 & ! latt] ! obligations ( free p]sons4 ,footnote #g3 ,see page #cgb ( ! pr9t$ j\rnal4 ,mr4 ,dick9son & ,mr4 ,wilson mov$ to /rike out1 & direct taxes1 f ,article #a1 ,section #b1 z improp]ly plac$ 9 a clause relat+ m]ely to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris4 ,! ins]tion "h 0 9 consequ5ce ( :at _h pass$ on ?is po9t2 9 ord] to exclude ! appe>ance ( c\nt+ ! negroes 9 ! repres5tation4 ,! includ+ ( !m may n[ be ref]r$ to ! object ( direct taxes1 & incid5tally only to t repres5tation4 ,on ! motion to /rike out1 & direct taxes1 f ?is place1--,new ,j]sey1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 aye--#c2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 no--#h4 pp4 #aefi-gj4 ,saturday1 ,septemb] #ae1 #aghg4 ,article #d1 ,section #b1 7! ?ird p>agraph17 ! t]m legally 0 /ruck out2 & ! words1 "u ! laws !re(1 ins]t$ aft] ! ^w ,/ate1 9 compliance ) ! wi% ( "s :o ?\ght ! t]m legal equivocal1 & favor+ ! idea t slav]y 0 legal 9 a moral view4 p4 #aehi4 ,mr4 ,g]ry /at$ ! objections :i* det]m9$ him to )hold 8 "n f ! ,con/itution3 #a--b--c--d--e--f1 t ?ree fif?s ( ! blacks are to be repres5t$1 z if !y 7 freem54 p4 #aeie4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,li/ ,,( ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,f$]al ,,conv5tion ,,:o ,,=m$ ,,! ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,f ,att5d$4 ,new ,hamp%ire1 #a ,john ,langdon1 ,july #bc1 #aghg4 ,john ,pick]+1 #b ,ni*olas ,gilman1 #bc4 ,b5jam9 ,we/4 ,massa*usetts1 ,francis ,dana1 ,elbridge ,g]ry1 ,may #bi4 #c ,na?'l ,gorham1 #be4 #d ,rufus ,k+1 #be4 ,caleb ,/rong1 #bh4 ,rhode ,isl&1 7,no appo9tm5t47 ,connecticut1 #e ,w4,s4 ,johnson1 ,june #b4 #f ,rog] ,%]man1 ,may #cj4 ,oliv] ,ellswor?1 #bi4 ,new ,york1 ,rob]t ,yates1 #be4 #g ,alex'r ,hamilton1 #be4 ,john ,lans+1 ,june #b4 ,new ,j]sey1 #h ,wm4 ,liv+/on1 #e4 #i ,david ,bre>ly1 ,may #e4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,h\/on1 d4 #aj ,wm4 ,patt]son1 d4 ,john ,nielson1 ,abraham ,cl>k4 #aa ,jona?an ,dayton1 ,june #ba4 ,p5nsylvania1 #ab ,b5j4 ,frankl91 ,may #bh4 #ac ,?os4 ,miff91 d4 ,p5nsylvania4 #ad ,rob]t ,morris1 ,may #be4 #ae ,g54 ,clym]1 #bh4 #af ,?os4 ,fitzsimmons1 #be4 #ag ,j>$ ,+]soll1 #bh4 #ah ,james ,wilson1 #be4 #ai ,g\v'r ,morris1 #be4 ,delaw>e1 #bj ,geo4 ,re$1 #be4 #ba ,g4 ,b$=d1 ,jr4 #bh4 #bb ,john ,dick9son1 #bh4 #bc ,ri*>d ,bassett1 #be4 #bd ,jacob ,broom1 #be4 ,m>yl&1 #be ,james ,m',h5ry1 #bi4 #bf ,daniel ( ,/4 ,?o4 ,j5if]1 ,june #b4 #bg ,daniel ,c>roll1 ,july #i4 ,john ,f4 ,m]c]1 ,aug4 #f4 ,lu!r ,m>t91 ,june #i4 ,virg9ia1 #bh ,g4 ,wa%+ton1 ,may #be4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 7decl9$47 ,edmund ,r&olph1 #be4 #bi ,john ,blair1 #be4 #cj ,jas4 ,madison1 ,jr4 #be4 ,george ,mason1 #be4 ,george ,wy!1 #be4 ,james ,mc,clurg1 79 room ,p4 ,h5ry7 #be4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,ri*'d ,caswell 7resign$74 ,alex'r ,m>t91 ,may #be4 ,wm4 ,r4 ,davie1 #be4 #ca ,wm4 ,bl\nt 79 room ( ,r4 ,caswell71 ,june #bj4 ,willie ,jones 7decl9$74 #cb ,r4 ,d4 ,spaight1 ,may #be4 #cc ,hugh ,williamson1 79 room ( ,w4 ,jones17 ,may #be4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #cd ,john ,rutl$ge1 #be4 #ce ,*as4 ,c4 ,p9ckney1 #be4 #cf ,*as4 ,p9ckney1 #be4 #cg ,peirce ,butl]1 #be4 ,georgia1 #ch ,william ,few1 #be4 #ci ,abr'm ,baldw91 ,june #aa4 ,william ,pi]ce1 ,may #ca4 ,george ,walton4 ,wm4 ,h\/on1 ,june #a4 ,na?'l ,p5dleton4 ,^? ) numb]s be=e _! names sign$ ! ,con/itution4 #ci ,^? 9 italics nev] att5d$4 #aj ,memb]s :o att5d$1 b did n sign ! ,con/itution1 #af -- #fe ,extract f a ,spee* ( ,lu!r ,m>t91 7deliv]$ be=e ! ,legislature ( ,m>yl&17 "o ( ! delegates f ,m>yl& to ! ,conv5tion t =m$ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,) respect to t "p ( ! second section ( ! fir/ ,article1 :i* relates to ! apportionm5t ( repres5tation & direct taxation1 !re 7 consid]able objections made to x1 besides ! great objection ( inequality--,x 0 urg$1 t no pr9ciple c\ld ju/ify tak+ slaves into computation 9 apportion+ ! numb] ( repres5tatives a /ate %\ld h 9 ! gov]nm5t--,t x involv$ ! absurdity ( increas+ ! p[] ( a /ate 9 mak+ laws = free m5 9 proportion z t ,/ate violat$ ! rights ( fre$om--,t x might be prop] to take slaves into consid]ation1 :5 taxes 7 to be apportion$1 because x _h a t5d5cy to disc\rage slav]y2 b to take !m into acc\nt 9 giv+ repres5tation t5d$ to enc\rage ! slave trade1 & to make x ! int]e/ ( ! /ates to cont9ue t infam\s traffic--,t slaves c\ld n be tak5 into acc\nt z m51 or citiz5s1 because !y 7 n admitt$ to ! rights ( citiz5s1 9 ! /ates :i* adopt$ or cont9u$ slav]y--,if !y 7 to be tak5 into acc\nt z prop]ty1 x 0 ask$1 :at peculi> circum/ance %\ld r5d] ?is prop]ty 7( all o!rs ! mo/ odi\s 9 its nature7 entitl$ to ! high privilege ( conf]r+ consequ5ce & p[] 9 ! gov]nm5t to its possessors1 r ?an any o!r prop]ty3 & :y slaves %\ld1 z prop]ty1 be tak5 into acc\nt r ?an horses1 cattle1 mules1 or any o!r species2 & x 0 obs]v$ by an honorable memb] f ,massa*usetts1 t he consid]$ x z di%onorable & humiliat+ to ent] into compact ) ! slaves ( ! s\!rn /ates1 z x w\ld ) ! horses & mules ( ! ea/]n4 ,by ! n9? section ( ?is ,article1 ! importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ prior to ! ye> #ahjh1 b a duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,! design ( ?is clause is to prev5t ! g5]al gov]nm5t f prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves2 b ! same reasons :i* caus$ !m to /rike out ! ^w national1 & n admit ! ^w /amps1 influ5c$ !m "h to gu>d aga9/ ! ^w slaves4 ,!y anxi\sly s\ght to avoid ! admission ( expressions :i* might be odi\s 9 ! e>s ( ,am]icans1 al?\gh !y 7 will+ to admit into _! sy/em ^? ?+s :i* ! expression signifi$2 & h5ce x is t ! clause is s word$ z really to au?orize ! g5]al gov]nm5t to impose a duty ( t5 doll>s on e =eign] :o comes into a ,/ate to become a citiz51 :e!r he comes absolutely free1 or qualifi$ly s z a s]vant2 al?\gh ?is is contr>y to ! design ( ! fram]s1 & ! duty 0 only meant to ext5d to ! importation ( slaves4 ,?is clause 0 ! subject ( a great div]sity ( s5tim5t 9 ! ,conv5tion4 ,z ! sy/em 0 report$ by ! committee ( detail1 ! provision 0 g5]al1 t su* importation %\ld n be prohibit$1 )\t conf9+ x to any p>ticul> p]iod4 ,?is 0 reject$ by eight ,/ates--,georgia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 &1 ,i ?9k1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 vot+ = x4 ,we 7 !n told by ! delegates ( ! two fir/ ( ^? /ates1 t _! /ates w\ld nev] agree to a sy/em1 :i* put x 9 ! p[] ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to prev5t ! importation ( slaves1 & t !y1 z delegates f ^? /ates1 mu/ )hold _! ass5t f su* a sy/em4 ,a committee ( "o memb] f ea* ,/ate 0 *os5 by ballot1 to take ?is "p ( ! sy/em "u _! consid]ation1 & to endeavor to agree ^u "s report1 :i* %\ld reconcile ^? ,/ates4 ,to ?is committee also 0 ref]r$ ! foll[+ proposition1 :i* _h be5 report$ by ! committee ( detail1 to wit3 ,no navigation act %all be pass$ )\t ! ass5t ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t 9 ea* h\se2 a proposition :i* ! /aple & comm]cial ,/ates 7 solicit\s to reta91 le/ _! comm]ce %\ld be plac$ too mu* "u ! p[] ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates2 b :i* ^! la/ ,/ates 7 z anxi\s to reject4 ,?is committee1 ( :i* also ,i _h ! honor to be a memb]1 met & took "u _! consid]ation ! subjects committ$ to !m4 ,i f\nd ! ea/]n ,/ates1 not)/&+ _! av]sion to slav]y1 7 v will+ to indulge ! s\!rn ,/ates1 at lea/ ) a tempor>y lib]ty to prosecute ! slave trade1 provid$ ! s\!rn /ates w\ld 9 _! turn gratify !m1 by lay+ no re/riction on navigation acts2 & aft] a v little "t1 ! committee1 by a great majority1 agre$ on a report1 by :i* ! g5]al gov]nm5t 0 to be prohibit$ f prev5t+ ! importation ( slaves = a limit$ "t1 & ! re/rict$ clause relative to navigation acts 0 to be omitt$4 ,?is report 0 adopt$ by a majority ( ! ,conv5tion1 b n )\t consid]able opposition4 ,x 0 said1 we _h j assum$ a place among indep5d5t nations 9 consequ5ce ( our opposition to ! attempts ( ,great ,brita9 to enslave u2 t ?is opposition 0 gr\nd$ ^u ! pres]vation ( ^?1 rights to :i* ,god & nature _h entitl$ u1 n 9 p>ticul>1 b 9 common ) all ! re/ ( mank9d2 t we _h appeal$ to ! ,supreme ,be+ = 8 assi/ance1 z ! ,god ( fre$om1 :o c\ld n b approve our ef=ts to pres]ve ! rights :i* he _h ?us imp>t$ to 8 creatures2 t n[1 :5 we _h sc>cely ris5 f our knees1 f supplicat+ 8 m]cy & protection 9 =m+ our gov]nm5t ov] a free p1 a gov]nm5t =m$ pret5d$ly on ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 & = its pres]vation1--9 t gov]nm5t to h a provision n only putt+ x out ( its p[] to re/ra9 & prev5t ! slave trade1 ev5 enc\rag+ t mo/ infam\s traffic1 by giv+ ! ,/ates ! p[] & influ5ce 9 ! ,union 9 proportion z !y cruelly & wantonly sport$ ) ! rights ( _! fell[-creatures1 ought to be consid]$ z a solemn mock]y (1 & an insult to1 t ,god ^: protection we _h !n implor$1 & c\ld n fail to hold u up 9 dete/ation1 & r5d] u contemptible to e true fri5d ( lib]ty 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 said1 x ought to be consid]$ t national crimes c only be1 & frequ5tly are1 puni%$ 9 ?is _w by national puni%m5ts2 & t ! cont9uance ( ! slave trade1 & ?us giv+ x a national sanction1 & enc\ragem5t1 ought to be consid]$ z ju/ly expos+ u to ! displeasure & v5geance ( him :o is equally ,"l ( all1 & :o views ) equal eye ! poor ,african slave & 8 ,am]ican ma/]6 ,x 0 urg$ t by ?is sy/em1 we 7 giv+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t full & absolute p[] to regulate comm]ce1 "u :i* g5]al p[] x w\ld h a "r to re/ra91 or totally prohibit1 ! slave trade3 x mu/1 !re=e1 appe> to ! _w absurd & disgraceful to ! la/ degree1 t we %\ld except f ! ex]cise ( t p[]1 ! only bran* ( comm]ce :i* is unju/ifiable 9 its nature1 & contr>y to ! rights ( mank9d4 ,t1 on ! contr>y1 we ought r to prohibit expressly 9 our ,con/itution1 ! fur!r importation ( slaves1 & to au?orize ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 f "t to "t1 to make su* regulations z %\ld be ?\ght mo/ advantage\s = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 & ! emancipation ( ! slaves :i* are already 9 ! ,/ates4 ,t slav]y is inconsi/5t ) ! g5ius ( republicanism & has a t5d5cy to de/roy ^? pr9ciples on :i* x is support$1 z x less5s ! s5se ( ! equal rights ( mank9d1 & habituates u to tyranny & oppression4 ,x 0 fur!r urg$1 t1 by ?is sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 e ,/ate is to be protect$ bo? f =eign invasion & f dome/ic insurrections2 f ?is consid]ation1 x 0 ( ! utmo/ importance x %\ld h a p[] to re/ra9 ! importation ( slaves1 s9ce1 9 proportion z ! numb] ( slaves are increas$ 9 any ,/ate1 9 ! same proportion ! ,/ate is weak5$ & expos$ to =eign invasion or dome/ic insurrection1 & by s mu* less w x be able to protect itself aga9/ ei!r1 & !re=e w by s ! mu* want aid f1 & be a burd5 to1 ! ,union4 ,x 0 fur!r said1 t1 z 9 ?is sy/em we 7 giv+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t a p[]1 "u ! idea ( national "*1 or national int]e/1 to regulate ev5 our weights & measures1 & h prohibit$ all possibility ( emitt+ pap] money1 & pass+ insolv5t laws1 c41 x mu/ appe> /ill m extraord9>y1 t we %\ld prohibit ! gov]nm5t f int]f]+ ) ! slave trade1 ?an :i* no?+ c\ld s mat]ially affect bo? our national honor & int]e/4 ,^! reasons influ5c$ me1 bo? on ! committee & 9 conv5tion1 mo/ decid$ly to oppose & vote aga9/ ! clause1 z x n[ makes "p ( ! sy/em4 ,y w p]ceive1 sir1 n only t ! g5]al gov]nm5t is prohibit$ f int]f]+ 9 ! slave-trade be=e ! ye> eighte5 hundr$ & eight1 b t !re is no provision 9 ! ,con/itution t x %all aft]w>ds be prohibit$1 nor any security t su* prohibition w ev] take place2 & ,i ?9k !re is great reason to believe1 t1 if ! importation ( slaves is p]mitt$ until ! ye> eighte5 hundr$ & eight1 x w n be prohibit$ aft]w>ds4 ,at ?is "t1 we d n g5]ally hold ?is comm]ce 9 s great abhorr5ce z we h done4 ,:5 our lib]ties 7 at /ake1 we w>mly felt = ! common rights ( m54 ,! dang] be+ ?\ght to be pa/1 :i* ?reat5$ ourselves1 we are daily gr[+ m ins5sible to ^? rights4 ,9 ^? ,/ates :i* h re/ra9$ or prohibit$ ! importation ( slaves1 x is only done by legislative acts1 :i* may be repeal$4 ,:5 ^? ,/ates f9d t !y mu/1 9 _! national "* & connexion1 suff] 9 ! disgrace1 & %>e 9 ! inconv5i5ces att5dant ^u t dete/able & iniquit\s traffic1 !y may be desir\s also to %>e 9 ! b5efits aris+ f x2 & ! odium att5d+ x w be greatly effac$ by ! sanction :i* is giv5 to x 9 ! g5]al gov]nm5t4 ,by ! next p>agraph1 ! g5]al gov]nm5t is to h a p[] ( susp5d+ ! habeas corpus act1 9 cases ( rebellion or invasion4 ,z ! ,/ate gov]nm5ts h a p[] ( susp5d+ ! habeas corpus act 9 ^? cases1 x 0 said1 !re c\ld be no reason = giv+ su* a p[] to ! g5]al gov]nm5t2 s9ce1 :5ev] ! ,/ate :i* is invad$1 or 9 :i* an insurrection takes place1 f9ds its safety requires x1 x w make use ( t p[]4 ,& x 0 urg$1 t if we gave ?is p[] to ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 x w\ld be an eng9e ( oppression 9 its h&s2 s9ce :5ev] a ,/ate %\ld oppose its views1 h[ev] arbitr>y & uncon/itutional1 & refuse submission to !m1 ! g5]al gov]nm5t may decl>e x to be an act ( rebellion1 &1 susp5d+ ! habeas corpus act1 may seize ^u ! p]sons ( ^? advocates ( fre$om1 :o h _h virtue & resolution en\gh to excite ! opposition1 & may imprison !m dur+ its pleasure 9 ! remote/ "p ( ! ,union2 s t a citiz5 ( ,georgia might be ba/il$ 9 ! fur!/ "p ( ,new ,hamp%ire2 or a citiz5 ( ,new ,hamp%ire 9 ! fur!/ extreme ( ! ,s\?1 cut (f f _! family1 _! fri5ds1 & _! e connexion4 ,^! consid]ations induc$ me1 sir1 to give my negative also to ?is clause4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,debates ,,9 ,,! ,,sev]al ,,/ate ,,conv5tions ,,on ,,! ,,adoption ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates' ,,con/itution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,massa*usetts ,,conv5tion4 ,! ?ird p>agraph ( ! #b;d section be+ read1 ,mr4 ,k+ rose to expla9 x4 ,!re has1 says he1 be5 mu* misconception ( ?is section4 ,x is a pr9ciple ( ?is ,con/itution1 t repres5tation & taxation %\ld g h& 9 h&4 ,?is p>agraph /ates1 t ! numb]s ( free p]sons %all be det]m9$1 by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,^! p]sons are ! slaves4 ,by ?is rule is repres5tation & taxation to be apportion$4 ,& x 0 adopt$1 because x 0 ! language ( all ,am]ica4 ,mr4 ,widg]y ask$1 if a boy ( six ye>s ( age 0 to be consid]$ z a free p]son8 ,mr4 ,k+ 9 answ] said1 all p]sons born free 7 to be consid]$ z freem52 & to make ! idea ( taxation by numb]s m intelligible1 said t five negro *ildr5 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 are to pay z mu* tax z ! ?ree ,gov]nors ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,connecticut4 ,mr4 ,gorham ?\ght ! propos$ section mu* 9 favor ( ,massa*usetts2 & if x op]at$ aga9/ any /ate1 x 0 ,p5nsylvania1 because !y h m :ite p]sons b\nd ?an any o!r4 ,judge ,dana1 9 reply to ! rem>k ( "s g5tlem51 t ! s\!rn ,/ates 7 favor$ 9 ?is mode ( apportionm5t1 by hav+ five ( _! negroes set aga9/ ?ree p]sons 9 ! ea/]n1 ! honorable judge obs]v$1 t ! negroes ( ! s\!rn ,/ates "w no long] ?an :5 ! eye ( ! driv] is on !m4 ,c1 ask$ he1 t l& fl\ri% l ?is1 :i* is cultivat$ by ! h&s ( freem58 ,are n ?ree ( ^! indep5d5t freem5 ( m real advantage to a ,/ate1 ?an five ( ^? poor slaves8 ,mr4 ,nasson rem>k$ on ! /atem5t ( ! honorable ,mr4 ,k+1 by say+ t ! honorable g5tleman %\ld h gone fur!r1 & %[n u ! o!r side ( ! "q4 ,x is a good rule t works bo? ways--& ! g5tlem5 %\ld also h told u1 t ?ree ( our infants 9 ! cradle1 are to be rat$ z high z five ( ! work+ negroes ( ,virg9ia4 ,mr4 ,n4 adv]t$ to a /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,k+1 :o _h said1 t five negro *ildr5 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7 equally rateable z ?ree gov]nors ( ,new ,engl&1 & wi%$1 he said1 ! honorable g5tleman _h consid]$ ?is "q ^u ! o!r side--z x w\ld !n appe> t ?is ,/ate w pay z great a tax = ?ree *ildr5 9 ! cradle1 z any ( ! s\!rn ,/ates w = five he>ty work+ negro m54 ,he hop$1 he said1 :ile we 7 mak+ a new gov]nm5t1 we %\ld make x bett] ?an ! old "o3 = if we _h made a bad b>ga9 be=e1 z _h be5 h9t$1 x 0 a reason :y we %\ld make a bett] "o n[4 ,mr4 ,dawes said1 he 0 sorry to he> s _m objections rais$ aga9/ ! p>agraph "u consid]ation4 ,he ?\ght !m :olly unf\nd$2 t ! black inhabitants ( ! s\!rn ,/ates mu/ be consid]$ ei!r z slaves1 & z s mu* prop]ty1 or 9 ! "* ( s _m freem52 if ! =m]1 :y %\ld !y n be :olly repres5t$8 ,our own ,/ate laws & ,con/itution w\ld lead u to consid] ^? blacks z freem51 & s inde$ w\ld our own ideas ( natural ju/ice3 if1 !n1 !y are freem51 !y might =m an equal basis = repres5tation z ?\gh !y 7 all :ite inhabitants4 ,9 ei!r view1 !re=e1 he c\ld n see t ! nor!rn ,/ates w\ld suff]1 b directly to ! contr>y4 ,he ?\ght1 h[ev]1 t g5tlem5 w\ld d well to connect ! passage 9 dispute ) ano!r article 9 ! ,con/itution1 t p]mits ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahjh1 :olly to prohibit ! importation ( slaves1 & 9 ! mean "t to impose a duty ( t5 doll>s a head on su* blacks z %\ld be import$ be=e t p]iod4 ,besides1 by ! new ,con/itution1 e p>ticul> ,/ate is left to its own option totally to prohibit ! introduction ( slaves into its own t]ritories4 ,:at c\ld ! conv5tion d m8 ,! memb]s ( ! s\!rn ,/ates1 l ourselves1 h _! prejudices4 ,x w\ld n d to aboli% slav]y1 by an act ( ,congress1 9 a mom5t1 & s de/roy :at our s\!rn bre?r5 consid] z prop]ty4 ,b we may say1 t al?\gh slav]y is n smitt5 by an apoplexy1 yet x has receiv$ a mortal w\nd & w die ( a consumption4 ,mr4 ,neal 7f ,kitt]y17 w5t ov] ! gr\nd ( objection to ?is section on ! idea t ! slave trade 0 all[$ to be cont9u$ = #bj ye>s4 ,8 pr(ession1 he said1 oblig$ him to be> witness aga9/ any ?+ t %\ld favor ! mak+ m]*&ise ( ! bodies ( m51 & unless 8 objection 0 remov$1 he c\ld n put 8 h& to ! ,con/itution4 ,o!r g5tlem5 said1 9 addition to ?is idea1 t !re 0 n ev5 a proposition t ! negroes ev] %all be free1 & ,g54 ,?ompson exclaim$3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 %all x be said1 t aft] we h e/abli%$ our own indep5d5ce & fre$om1 we make slaves ( o!rs8 ,oh6 ,wa%+ton1 :at a "n has he _h6 ,h[ he has immortaliz$ himself6 b he holds ^? 9 slav]y :o h a good "r to be free z he has--he is /ill = self2 &1 9 my op9ion1 8 "* has sunk #ej p] c5t4 ,on ! o!r side1 g5tlem5 said1 t ! /ep tak5 9 ?is article1 t[>ds ! abolition ( slav]y1 0 "o ( ! beauties ( ! ,con/itution4 ,!y obs]v$1 t 9 ! conf$]ation !re 0 no provision :atev] = its ev] be+ aboli%$2 b ?is ,con/itution provides1 t ,congress may1 aft] #bj ye>s1 totally annihilate ! slave trade2 & t1 z all ! ,/ates1 except two1 h pass$ laws to ?is effect1 x might reasonably be expect$1 t x w\ld !n be done4 ,9 ! int]im1 all ! ,/ates 7 at lib]ty to prohibit x4 ,saturday1 ,janu>y #bf4--,! debate on ! #i? section /ill cont9u$ desultory--& consi/$ ( simil> objections1 & answ]s !reto1 z _h be=e be5 us$4 ,bo? sides deprecat$ ! slave trade 9 ! mo/ po9t$ t]ms2 on "o side x 0 pa!tically lam5t$1 by ,mr4 ,nason1 ,major ,lusk1 ,mr4 ,neal1 & o!rs1 t ?is ,con/itution provid$ = ! cont9uation ( ! slave trade = #bj ye>s4 ,on ! o!r1 ! honorable ,judge ,dana1 ,mr4 ,adams & o!rs1 rejoic$ t a door 0 n[ to be op5$ = ! annihilation ( ?is odi\s1 abhorr5t practice1 9 a c]ta9 "t4 ,g54 ,hea?4 ,mr4 ,presid5t1--,by my indisposition & abs5ce1 ,i h lo/ sev]al important opportunities3 ,i h lo/ ! opportunity ( express+ my s5tim5ts ) a c&id fre$om1 on "s ( ! p>agraphs ( ! sy/em1 :i* h la9 heavy on my m9d4 ,i h lo/ ! opportunity ( express+ my w>m approbation on "s ( ! p>agraphs4 ,i h lo/ ! opportunity ( he>+ ^? judici\s1 enlight5+ & conv9c+ argum5ts1 :i* h be5 advanc$ dur+ ! inve/igation ( ! sy/em4 ,?is is my mis=tune1 & ,i mu/ be> x4 ,! p>agraph respect+ ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 c41 is "o ( ^? consid]$ dur+ my abs5ce1 & ,i h he>d no?+ on ! subject1 save :at has be5 m5tion$ ?is morn+2 b ,i ?9k ! g5tlem5 :o h spok51 h c>ri$ ! matt] r too f> on bo? sides4 ,i appreh5d t x is n 9 our p[] to d any ?+ = or aga9/ ^? :o are 9 slav]y 9 ! s\!rn ,/ates4 ,no g5tleman )9 ^! walls dete/s e idea ( slav]y m ?an ,i d3 x is g5]ally dete/$ by ! p ( ?is ,commonweal?2 & ,i ard5tly hope t ! "t w soon come1 :5 our bre?r5 9 ! s\!rn ,/ates w view x z we d1 & put a /op to x2 b to ?is we h no "r to compel !m4 ,two que/ions naturally arise3 if we ratify ! ,con/itution1 %all we d any ?+ by our act to hold ! blacks 9 slav]y--or %all we become ! p>tak]s ( o!r m5's s9s8 ,i ?9k nei!r ( !m4 ,ea* ,/ate is sov]eign & indep5d5t to a c]ta9 degree1 & !y h a "r1 & w regulate _! own int]nal affairs1 z to !mselves appe>s prop]2 & %all we refuse to eat1 or to dr9k1 or to be unit$1 ) ^? :o d n ?9k1 or act1 j z we d8 surely n4 ,we are n 9 ?is case p>tak]s ( o!r m5's s9s1 = 9 no?+ d we volunt>ily enc\rage ! slav]y ( our fell[-m52 a re/riction is laid on ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 :i* c\ld n be avoid$1 & a union take place4 ,! f$]al ,conv5tion w5t z f> z !y c\ld2 ! migration or importation1 c41 is conf9$ to ! ,/ates1 n[ exi/+ only1 new ,/ates _c claim x4 ,congress1 by _! ord9ance = erect+ new ,/ates1 "s "t s9ce1 decl>$ t ! new ,/ates %all be republican1 & t !re %all be no slav]y 9 !m4 ,b :e!r ^? 9 slav]y 9 ! s\!rn ,/ates w be emancipat$ aft] ! ye> #ahjh1 ,i d n pret5d to det]m9e3 ,i r d\bt x4 ,mr4 ,neal rose & said1 t z ! ,con/itution at l>ge1 0 n[ "u consid]ation1 he w\ld j rem>k1 t ! article :i* respect$ ! ,africans1 0 ! "o :i* laid on 8 m9d--&1 unless 8 objections to t 7 remov$1 x mu/1 h[ mu* soev] he lik$ ! o!r p>ts ( ! ,con/itution1 be a suffici5t reason = him to give 8 negative to x4 ,major ,lusk concurr$ 9 ! idea already ?r[n out 9 ! debate1 t al?\gh ! ins]tion ( ! am5dm5ts 9 ! ,con/itution 0 dev\tly wi%$1 yet he did n see any reason to suppose !y ev] w\ld be adopt$4 ,turn+ f ! subject ( am5dm5ts1 ! ,major ent]$ l>gely into ! consid]ation ( ! #i? section1 & 9 ! mo/ pa!tic & feel+ mann]1 describ$ ! mis]ies ( ! poor natives ( ,africa1 :o are kidnapp$ & sold = slaves4 ,) ! brighte/ colors he pa9t$ _! happ9ess & ease on _! native %ores1 & contra/$ !m ) _! wret*$1 mis]able & unhappy condition1 9 a /ate ( slav]y4 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,buckus4 ,mu*1 sir1 has be5 said ab\t ! importation ( slaves into ?is c\ntry4 ,i believe t1 accord+ to my capacity1 no man abhors t wick$ practice m ?an ,i d1 & w\ld gladly make use ( all lawful means t[>ds ! aboli%+ ( slav]y 9 all p>ts ( ! l&4 ,b let u consid] :]e we are1 & :at we are do+4 ,9 ! articles ( conf$]ation1 no provision 0 made to h9d] ! importation ( slaves into any ( ^! ,/ates3 b a door is n[ op5$ h]eaft] to d x2 & ea* ,/ate is at lib]ty n[ to aboli% slav]y z soon z !y please4 ,& let u rememb] our =m] connexion ) ,great ,brita91 f :om _m 9 our l& ?9k we ought n to h revolt$4 ,h[ did !y c>ry on ! slave trade6 ,i "k t ! ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/]1 9 an annual s]mon 9 ,london1 9 ,febru>y1 #agff1 endeavor$ to ju/ify _! tyrannical claims ( p[] ov] u1 by ca/+ ! reproa* ( ! slave trade ^u ! ,am]icans4 ,b at ! close ( ! w>1 ! ,bi%op ( ,*e/]1 9 an annual s]mon1 9 ,febru>y1 #aghc1 +5u\sly own$1 t _! nation is ! mo/ deeply involv$ 9 ! guilt ( t trade1 ( any nation 9 ! _w2 & also1 t !y h treat$ _! slaves 9 ! ,we/ ,indies worse ?an ! ,fr5* or ,spani>ds h done !irs4 ,?us slav]y gr[s m & m odi\s ?r\gh ! _w2 &1 z an honorable g5tleman said "s days ago1 ,?\gh we _c say t slav]y is /ruck ) an apoplexy1 yet we may hope x w die ) a consumption4 ,& a ma9 s\rce1 sir1 ( t iniquity1 ha? be5 an abuse ( ! cov5ant ( circumcision1 :i* gave ! se$ ( ,abraham to de/roy ! inhabitants ( ,canaan1 & to take _! h\ses1 v9ey>ds1 & all _! e/ates1 z _! own2 & also to buy & hold o!rs z s]vants4 ,& z ,*ri/ian privileges are great] ?an ^? ( ! ,hebrews 71 _m h imag9$ t !y _h a "r to seize ^u ! l&s ( ! hea!n1 & to de/roy or enslave !m z f> z !y c\ld ext5d _! p[]4 ,& f !nce ! my/]y ( iniquity1 c>ri$ _m into ! practice ( mak+ m]*&ise ( slaves & s\ls ( m54 ,b all ought to rememb]1 t :5 ,god promis$ ! l& ( ,canaan to ,abraham & 8 se$1 he let him "k t !y 7 n to take possession ( t l&1 until ! iniquity ( ! ,amorites 0 full2 & !n !y did x "u ! imm$iate direction ( ,heav52 & !y 7 z real executors ( ! judgm5t ( ,god ^u ^? hea!ns1 z any p]son ev] 0 an executor ( a crim9al ju/ly condemn$4 ,& 9 do+ x !y 7 n all[$ to invade ! l&s ( ! ,edomites1 :o sprang f ,esau1 :o 0 n only ( ! se$ ( ,abraham1 b 0 born at ! same bir? ) ,israel2 & yet !y 7 n ( t *ur*4 ,nei!r 7 ,israel all[$ to invade ! l&s ( ! ,moabites1 or ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon1 :o 7 ( ! se$ ( ,lot4 ,& no (fic] 9 ,israel _h any legislative p[]1 b su* z 7 imm$iately inspir$4 ,ev5 ,david1 ! man aft] ,god's own he>t1 _h no legislative p[]1 b only z he 0 inspir$ f above3 & he is expressly call$ a prophet 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,& we are to rememb] t ,abraham & 8 se$1 = f\r hundr$ ye>s1 _h no w>rant to admit any /rang]s into t *ur*1 b by buy+ ( him z a s]vant1 ) money4 ,& x 0 a great privilege to be b\ght1 & adopt$ into a religi\s family = sev5 ye>s1 & !n to h _! fre$om4 ,& t cov5ant 0 expressly repeal$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! fir/ epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 :]e9 x is said--,ye are b\ght ) a price2 !re=e glorify ,god 9 y\r body1 & 9 y\r _s1 :i* are ,god's4 ,& aga9--,circumcision is no?+1 & uncircumcision is no?+1 b keep+ ( ! comm&m5ts ( ,god4 ,ye are b\ght ) a price2 be n ye ! s]vants ( m54 ,?us ! gospel sets all m5 ^u a level1 v contr>y to ! decl>ation ( an honorable g5tleman 9 ?is h\se1 t ! ,bible 0 contriv$ = ! advantage ( a p>ticul> ord] ( m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york ,,conv5tion4 ,mr4 ,smi?4 ,he w\ld n[ proce$ to /ate 8 objections to ! clause j read1 7section #b1 ( article #a1 clause #c47 ,8 objections 7 compris$ "u ?ree heads3 #a/1 ! rule ( apportionm5t is unju/2 #b;d1 !re is no precise numb] fix$ on1 bel[ :i* ! h\se %all n be r$uc$2 #c;d1 x is inadequate4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! rule ( apportionm5t ( ! repres5tatives is to be accord+ to ! :ole numb] ( ! :ite inhabitants1 ) ?ree-fif?s ( all o!rs2 t is1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 ea* ,/ate is to s5d repres5tatives 9 proportion to ! numb] ( freem51 & ?ree-fif?s ( ! slaves x conta9s4 ,he c\ld n see any rule by :i* slaves 7 to be includ$ 9 ! ratio ( repres5tation2--! pr9ciple ( a repres5tation be+ t e free ag5t %\ld be conc]n$ 9 gov]n+ himself1 x 0 absurd to give t p[] to a man :o c\ld n ex]cise x--slaves h no w ( _! own3 ! v op]ation ( x 0 to give c]ta9 privileges to ^? p1 :o 7 s wick$ z to keep slaves4 ,he knew x w\ld be admitt$1 t ?is rule ( apportionm5t 0 f\nd$ on unju/ pr9ciples1 b t x 0 ! result ( accommodation2 :i*1 he suppos$1 we %\ld be "u ! necessity ( admitt+1 if we meant to be 9 union ) ! s\!rn ,/ates1 ?\gh utt]ly repugnant to 8 feel+s4 ,mr4 ,hamilton4 ,9 ord] t ! committee may und]/& cle>ly ! pr9ciples on :i* ! ,g5]al ,conv5tion act$1 ,i ?9k x necess>y to expla9 "s prelim9>y circum/ances4 ,sir1 ! natural situation ( ?is c\ntry seems to divide its int]e/s into diff]5t classes4 ,!re are navigat+ & non-navigat+ ,/ates--! ,nor!rn are prop]ly ! navigat+ ,/ates3 ! ,s\!rn appe> to possess nei!r ! means2 nor ! _s ( navigation4 ,?is diff]5ce ( situation naturally produces a dissimil>ity ( int]e/ & views respect+ =eign comm]ce4 ,x 0 ! int]e/ ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates t !re %\ld be no re/ra9ts on _! navigation1 & t !y %\ld leave full p[]1 by a majority 9 ,congress1 to make comm]cial regulations 9 favor ( _! own1 & 9 re/ra9t ( ! navigation ( =eign]s4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates wi%$ to impose a re/ra9t on ! ,nor!rn1 by requir+ t two-?irds 9 ,congress %\ld be requisite to pass an act 9 regulation ( comm]ce3 !y 7 appreh5sive t ! re/ra9ts ( a navigation law w\ld disc\rage =eign]s1 & by oblig+ !m to employ ! %ipp+ ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates w\ld probably enhance _! freight4 ,?is be+ ! case1 !y insi/$ /r5u\sly on hav+ ?is provision engraft$ 9 ! con/itution2 & ! ,nor!rn ,/ates 7 z anxi\s 9 oppos+ x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! small ,/ates see+ !mselves embrac$ by ! conf$]ation ^u equal t]ms1 wi%$ to reta9 ! advantages :i* !y already possess$3 ! l>ge ,/ates1 on ! contr>y1 ?\ght x improp] t ,rhode ,isl& & ,delaw>e %\ld enjoy an equal suffrage ) !mselves3 f ^! s\rces a delicate & difficult conte/ arose4 ,x became necess>y1 !re=e1 to compromise2 or ! ,conv5tion mu/ h dissolv$ )\t effect+ any ?+4 ,w\ld x h be5 wise & prud5t 9 t body1 9 ?is critical situation1 to h des]t$ _! c\ntry8 ,no4 ,e man :o he>s me--e wise man 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld h condemn$ !m4 ,! ,conv5tion 7 oblig$ to appo9t a committee = accommodation4 ,9 ?is committee ! arrangem5t 0 =m$ z x n[ /&s2 & _! report 0 accept$4 ,x 0 a delicate po9t2 & x 0 necess>y t all p>ties %\ld be indulg$4 ,g5tlem5 w see1 t if !re _h n be5 a unanimity1 no?+ c\ld h be5 done3 = ! ,conv5tion _h no p[] to e/abli%1 b only to recomm5d a gov]nm5t4 ,any o!r sy/em w\ld h be5 impracticable4 ,let a ,conv5tion be call$ to-morr[--let !m meet tw5ty times2 nay1 tw5ty ?\s& times2 !y w h ! same difficulties to enc\nt]2 ! same cla%+ int]e/s to reconcile4 ,b dismiss+ ^! reflections1 let u consid] h[ f> ! arrangem5t is 9 itself entitl$ to ! approbation ( ?is body4 ,we w exam9e x ^u its own m]its4 ,! fir/ ?+ object$ to1 is t clause :i* all[s a repres5tation = ?ree-fif?s ( ! negroes4 ,mu* has be5 said ( ! impropriety ( repres5t+ m51 :o h no w ( _! own4 ,:e!r ?is be reason+ or declamation1 ,i w n presume to say4 ,x is ! un=tunate situation ( ! s\!rn /ates1 to h a great "p ( _! population1 z well z prop]ty1 9 blacks4 ,! regulations compla9$ ( 0 "o result ( ! _s ( accommodation1 :i* gov]n$ ! conv5tion2 & )\t ?is indulg5ce1 no union c\ld possibly h be5 =m$4 ,b1 sir1 consid]+ "s peculi> advantages :i* we d]iv$ f !m1 x is entirely j t !y %\ld be gratifi$4 ,! s\!rn /ates possess c]ta9 /aples1 tobacco1 rice1 indigo1 c41 :i* mu/ be capital objects 9 treaties ( comm]ce ) =eign nations2 & ! advantage :i* !y necess>ily procure 9 ^! treaties w be felt ?r\gh\t all ! /ates4 ,b ! ju/ice ( ?is plan w appe> 9 ano!r view4 ,! be/ writ]s on gov]nm5t h held t repres5tation %\ld be comp\nd$ ( p]sons & prop]ty4 ,?is rule has be5 adopt$1 z f> z x c\ld be1 9 ! ,con/itution ( ,new-,york4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 by no means1 be admitt$1 t ! slaves are consid]$ altoge!r z prop]ty4 ,!y are m51 ?\gh degrad$ to ! condition ( slav]y4 ,!y are p]sons kn[n to ! municipal laws ( ! /ates :i* !y inhabit z well z to ! laws ( nature4 ,b repres5tation & taxation g toge!r--& "o uni=m rule ought to apply to bo?4 ,w\ld x be j to compute ^! slaves 9 ! assessm5t ( taxes1 & disc>d !m f ! e/imate 9 ! apportionm5t ( repres5tatives8 ,w\ld x be j to impose a s+ul> bur!n1 )\t conf]r+ "s adequate advantage8 ,ano!r circum/ance ought to be consid]$4 ,! rule we h be5 speak+ ( is a g5]al rule1 & applies to all ! /ates4 ,n[1 y h a great numb] ( p 9 y\r /ate1 :i* are n repres5t$ at all2 & h no voice 9 y\r gov]nm5t2 ^! w be includ$ 9 ! enum]ation--n two-fif?s--nor ?ree-fif?s1 b ! :ole4 ,?is proves t ! advantages ( ! plan are n conf9$ to ! s\!rn /ates1 b ext5d to o!r p>ts ( ! ,union4 ,mr4 ,m4 ,smi?4 ,i %all make no reply to ! argum5ts (f]$ by ! hon4 g5tleman to ju/ify ! rule ( apportionm5t fix$ by ?is clause3 = ?\gh ,i am confid5t !y might be easily refut$1 yet ,i am p]suad$ we mu/ yield ?is po9t1 9 accommodation to ! s\!rn /ates4 ,! am5dm5t !re=e proposes no alt]ation to ! clause 9 ?is respect4 ,mr4 ,h>rison4 ,among ! objections1 t1 :i* has be5 made to ! mode ( apportionm5t ( repres5tatives1 has be5 rel9qui%$4 ,i ?9k ?is concession does honor to ! g5tleman :o _h /at$ ! objection4 ,he has c&idly ackn[l$g$1 t ?is apportionm5t 0 ! result ( accommodation2 )\t :i* no union c\ld h be5 =m$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p5nsylvania ,,conv5tion4 ,mr4 ,wilson4 ,mu* fault has be5 f\nd ) ! mode ( expression1 us$ 9 ! fir/ clause ( ! n9? section ( ! fir/ article4 ,i believe ,i c assign a reason1 :y t mode ( expression 0 us$1 & :y ! t]m slave 0 n admitt$ 9 ?is con/itution--& z to ! mann] ( lay+ taxes1 ?is is n ! fir/ "t t ! subject has come into ! view ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ( ! legislatures ( ! sev]al /ates4 ,! g5tleman1 7,mr4 ,f9dley7 w recollect1 t 9 ! pres5t congress1 ! quota ( ! f$]al debt1 & g5]al exp5ses1 0 to be 9 proportion to ! value ( l&1 & o!r enum]at$ prop]ty1 )9 ! /ates4 ,aft] try+ ?is = a numb] ( ye>s1 x 0 f\nd on all h&s1 to be a mode t c\ld n be c>ri$ into execution4 ,congress 7 satisfi$ ( ?is1 & 9 ! ye> #aghc recomm5d$1 9 con=mity ) ! p[]s !y possess$ "u ! articles ( conf$]ation1 t ! quota %\ld be accord+ to ! numb] ( free p1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vitude1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$4 ,^! 7 ! expressions us$ 9 #aghc1 & ! fate ( ?is recomm5dation 0 simil> to all _! o!r resolutions4 ,x 0 n c>ri$ into effect1 b x 0 adopt$ by no few] ?an elev51 out ( ?irte5 /ates2 & x _c b be matt] ( surprise1 to he> g5tlem51 :o agre$ to ?is v mode ( expression at t "t1 come =w>d & /ate x z an objection on ! pres5t occasion4 ,x 0 natural1 sir1 = ! late conv5tion1 to adopt ! mode aft] x _h be5 agre$ to by elev5 /ates1 & to use ! expression1 :i* !y f\nd _h be5 receiv$ z unexceptional be=e4 ,) respect to ! clause1 re/rict+ congress f prohibit+ ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons1 z any ( ! /ates n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 prior to ! ye> #ahjh4 ,! honorable g5tleman says1 t ?is cause is n only d>k1 b int5d$ to grant to congress1 = t "t1 ! p[] to admit ! importation ( slaves4 ,no su* ?+ 0 int5d$2 b ,i w tell y :at 0 done1 & x gives me high pleasure1 t s mu* 0 done4 ,"u ! pres5t conf$]ation1 ! /ates may admit ! importation ( slaves z long z !y please2 b by ?is article1 aft] ! ye> #ahjh ! congress w h p[] to prohibit su* importation1 not)/&+ ! disposition ( any /ate to ! contr>y4 ,i consid] ?is z lay+ ! f\ndation = bani%+ slav]y out ( ?is c\ntry2 & ?\gh ! p]iod is m di/ant ?an ,i c\ld wi%1 yet x w produce ! same k9d1 gradual *ange1 :i* 0 pursu$ 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,x is ) mu* satisfaction ,i view ?is p[] 9 ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 :]eby !y may lay an int]diction on ?is reproa*ful trade2 b an imm$iate advantage is also obta9$1 = a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son2 & ?is1 sir1 op]ates z a p>tial prohibition2 x 0 all t c\ld be obta9$1 ,i am sorry x 0 no m2 b f ?is ,i ?9k !re is reason to hope1 t yet a few ye>s1 & x w be prohibit$ altoge!r2 & 9 ! mean "t1 ! new /ates :i* are to be =m$1 w be "u ! control ( congress 9 ?is p>ticul>2 & slaves w nev] be introduc$ among/ !m4 ,! g5tleman says1 t x is un=tunate 9 ano!r po9t ( view2 x means to prohibit ! introduction ( :ite p f ,europe1 z ?is tax may det] !m f com+ among/ u2 a little imp>tiality & att5tion w discov] ! c>e t ! conv5tion took 9 select+ _! language4 ,! words are ! migration or ,,importation ( su* p]sons1 c41 %all n be prohibit$ by congress prior to ! ye> #ahjh1 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation2 x is obs]vable "h1 t ! t]m migration is dropp$1 :5 a tax or duty is m5tion$1 s t congress h p[] to impose ! tax only on ^? import$4 ,i recollect1 on a =m] day1 ! honorable g5tleman f ,we/morel& 7,mr4 ,f9dley7 & ! honorable g5tleman f ,cumb]l& 7,mr4 ,:itehill17 took exception aga9/ ! fir/ clause ( ! #i? section1 art4 #a1 argu+ v unfairly1 t because congress might impose a tax or duty ( t5 doll>s on ! importation ( slaves1 )9 any ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 congress might !re=e p]mit slaves to be import$ )9 ?is /ate1 contr>y to its laws4 ,i confess ,i little ?\ght t ?is "p ( ! sy/em w\ld be except$ to4 ,i am sorry t x c\ld be ext5d$ no fur!r2 b s f> z x op]ates1 x pres5ts u ) ! pleas+ prospect1 t ! rights ( mank9d w be ackn[l$g$ & e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! union4 ,if !re 0 no o!r lovely feature 9 ! con/itution b ?is "o1 x w\ld diffuse a beauty ov] its :ole c\nt5ance4 ,yet ! lapse ( a few ye>s6 & congress w h p[] to ext]m9ate slav]y f )9 our bord]s4 ,h[ w\ld su* a delightful prospect exp& ! brea/ ( a b5evol5t & philan?ropic ,european8 ,w\ld he cavil at an expression8 cat* at a phrase8 ,no1 sir1 t is only res]v$ = ! g5tleman on ! o!r side ( y\r *air to d4 ,mr4 ,mc,kean4 ,! argum5ts aga9/ ! con/itution are1 ,i ?9k1 *iefly ^!3 444 ,t migration or importation ( su* p]sons1 z any ( ! /ates %all admit1 %all n be prohibit$ prior to #ahjh1 nor a tax or duty impos$ on su* importation exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,provision is made t congress %all h p[] to prohibit ! importation ( slaves aft] ! ye> #ahjh1 b ! g5tlem5 9 opposition1 accuse ?is sy/em ( a crime1 because x has n prohibit$ !m at once4 ,i suspect ^? g5tlem5 are n well acqua9t$ ) ! bus9ess ( ! diplomatic body1 or !y w\ld "k t an agreem5t might be made1 t did n p]fectly accord ) ! w & pleasure ( any "o p]son4 ,in/ead ( f9d+ fault ) :at has be5 ga9$1 ,i am happy to see a disposition 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to d s mu*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,virg9ia ,,conv5tion4 ,gov ,r&olph said1 we are told 9 /rong language1 ( dang]s to :i* we w be expos$ unless we adopt ?is ,con/itution4 ,among ! re/1 dome/ic safety is said to be 9 dang]4 ,?is gov]nm5t does n att5d to our dome/ic safety4 ,x au?orizes ! importation ( slaves = tw5ty-odd ye>s1 & ?us cont9ues ^u u t nef>i\s trade4 ,in/ead ( secur+ & protect+ u1 ! cont9uation ( ?is dete/able trade adds daily to our weakness4 ,?\gh ?is evil is increas+1 !re is no clause 9 ! ,con/itution t w prev5t ! nor!rn & ea/]n ,/ates f m$dl+ ) our :ole prop]ty ( t k9d4 ,!re is a clause to prohibit ! importation ( slaves aft] tw5ty ye>s1 b !re is no provision made = secur+ to ! s\!rn ,/ates ^? !y n[ possess4 ,x is f> f be+ a desirable prop]ty4 ,b x w involve u 9 great difficulties & infelicity to be n[ depriv$ ( !m4 ,!re ought to be a clause 9 ! ,con/itution to secure u t prop]ty1 :i* we h acquir$ "u our =m] laws1 & ! loss ( :i* w\ld br+ ru9 on a great _m p4 ,mr4 ,lee4 ,! honorable g5tleman abom9ates x1 because x does n prohibit ! importation ( slaves1 & because x does n secure ! cont9uance ( ! exi/+ slav]y6 ,is x n obvi\sly inconsi/5t to crim9ate x = two contradictory reasons8 ,i submit x to ! consid]ation ( ! g5tleman1 :e!r1 if x be repreh5sible 9 ! "o case1 x c be c5surable 9 ! o!r8 ,mr4 ,lee !n conclud$ by e>ne/ly recomm5d+ to ! committee to proce$ regul>ly4 ,mr4 ,h5ry4 ,x says1 t no /ate %all engage 9 w>1 unless actually invad$4 ,if y give ?is clause a fair con/ruction1 :at is ! true mean+ ( x8 ,:at does ?is relate to8 ,n dome/ic insurrections1 b w>4 ,if ! c\ntry be invad$1 a /ate may g to w>2 b _c suppress insurrections4 ,if !re %\ld happ5 an insurrection ( slaves1 ! c\ntry _c be said to be invad$4--,!y _c !re=e suppress x1 )\t ! int]position ( congress4 ,mr4 ,george ,ni*olas said1 ano!r wor?y memb] says1 !re is no p[] 9 ! ,/ates to quell an insurrection ( slaves4 ,h !y x n[8 ,if !y h1 does ! ,con/itution take x away8 ,if x does1 x mu/ be 9 "o ( ! ?ree clauses :i* h be5 m5tion$ by ! wor?y memb]4 ,! fir/ clause gives ! g5]al gov]nm5t p[] to call !m out :5 necess>y4 ,does ?is take x away f ! ,/ates8 ,no4 ,b x gives an additional security3 =1 besides ! p[] 9 ! ,/ate gov]nm5ts to use _! own militia1 x w be ! duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to aid !m ) ! /r5g? ( ! ,union :5 call$ =4 ,no "p ( ! ,con/itution c %[ t ?is p[] is tak5 away4 ,mr4 ,george ,mason4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ?is is a fatal section1 :i* has creat$ m dang]s ?an any o!r4 ,! fir/ clause all[s ! importation ( slaves = tw5ty ye>s4 ,"u ! royal gov]nm5t1 ?is evil 0 look$ ^u z a great oppression1 & _m attempts 7 made to prev5t x2 b ! int]e/ ( ! ,african m]*ants prev5t$ its prohibition4 ,no soon] did ! revolution take place1 ?an x 0 ?\ght (4 ,x 0 "o ( ! great causes ( our sep>ation f ,great ,brita94 ,its exclusion has be5 a pr9cipal object ( ?is ,/ate1 & mo/ ( ! ,/ates 9 ! ,union4 ,! augm5tation ( slaves weak5s ! ,/ates2 & su* a trade is diabolical 9 itself1 & disgraceful to mank9d4 ,yet1 by ?is ,con/itution1 x is cont9u$ = tw5ty ye>s4 ,z mu* z ,i value an union ( all ! ,/ates1 ,i w\ld n admit ! ,s\!rn ,/ates into ! ,union1 unless !y agre$ to ! discont9uance ( ?is disgraceful trade1 because x w\ld br+ weakness & n /r5g? to ! ,union4 ,& ?\gh ?is infam\s traffic be cont9u$1 we h no security = ! prop]ty ( t k9d :i* we h already4 ,!re is no clause 9 ?is ,con/itution to secure x2 = !y may lay su* tax z w am\nt to manumission4 ,& %\ld ! gov]nm5t be am5d$1 /ill ?is dete/able k9d ( comm]ce _c be discont9u$ till aft] ! expiration ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,= ! fif? article1 :i* provides = am5dm5ts1 expressly excepts ?is clause4 ,i h ev] look$ ^u ?is z a mo/ disgraceful ?+ to ,am]ica4 ,i _c express my dete/ation ( x4 ,yet !y h n secur$ u ! prop]ty ( ! slaves we h already4 ,s t1 !y h done :at !y ought n to h done1 & h left undone :at !y ought to h done4 ,mr4 ,madison4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i %\ld conceive ?is clause to be impolitic1 if x 7 "o ( ^? ?+s :i* c\ld be exclud$ )\t enc\nt]+ great] evils4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld n h ent]$ into ! ,union ( ,am]ica1 )\t ! tempor>y p]mission ( t trade4 ,& if !y 7 exclud$ f ! ,union1 ! consequ5ces might be dreadful to !m & to u4 ,we are n 9 a worse situation ?an be=e4 ,t traffic is prohibit$ by our laws1 & we may cont9ue ! prohibition4 ,! ,union 9 g5]al is n 9 a worse situation4 ,"u ! articles ( conf$]ation1 x might be cont9u$ =ev]3 b by ?is clause an end may be put to x aft] tw5ty ye>s4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 an amelioration ( our circum/ances4 ,a tax may be laid 9 ! mean "t2 b x is limit$1 o!rwise ,congress might lay su* a tax z w\ld am\nt to a prohibition4 ,f ! mode ( repres5tation & taxation1 ,congress _c lay su* a tax on slaves z w am\nt to manumission4 ,ano!r clause secures u t prop]ty :i* we n[ possess4 ,at pres5t1 if any slave elopes to any ( ^? ,/ates :]e slaves are free1 he becomes emancipat$ by _! laws4 ,= ! laws ( ! ,/ates are un*>itable to "o ano!r 9 ?is respect4 ,b 9 ?is ,con/itution1 no p]son held to s]vice1 or labor1 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,?is clause 0 expressly ins]t$ to enable own]s ( slaves to reclaim !m4 ,?is is a bett] security ?an any t n[ exi/s4 ,no p[] is giv5 to ! g5]al gov]nm5t to int]pose ) respect to ! prop]ty 9 slaves n[ held by ! ,/ates4 ,! taxation ( ?is ,/ate be+ equal only to its repres5tation1 su* a tax _c be laid z he supposes4 ,!y _c prev5t ! importation ( slaves = tw5ty ye>s2 b aft] t p]iod1 !y c4 ,! g5tlem5 f ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia argu$ 9 ?is mann]3 ,we h n[ lib]ty to import ?is species ( prop]ty1 & mu* ( ! prop]ty n[ possess$1 has be5 pur*as$1 or o!rwise acquir$1 9 contemplation ( improv+ x by ! assi/ance ( import$ slaves4 ,:at w\ld be ! consequ5ce ( h9d]+ u f x8 ,! slaves ( ,virg9ia w\ld rise 9 value1 & we w\ld be oblig$ to g to y\r m>kets4 ,i ne$ n expatiate on ?is subject4 ,great z ! evil is1 a dismemb]m5t ( ! ,union w\ld be worse4 ,if ^? ,/ates %\ld disunite f ! o!r ,/ates1 = n includ+ !m 9 ! tempor>y cont9uance ( ?is traffic1 !y might solicit & obta9 aid f =eign p[]s4 ,mr4 ,tyl] w>mly enl>g$ on ! impolicy1 iniquity1 & disgracefulness ( ?is wick$ traffic4 ,he ?\ght ! reasons urg$ by g5tlem5 9 def5ce ( x 7 inconclusive1 & ill f\nd$4 ,x 0 "o cause ( ! compla9ts aga9/ ,briti% tyranny1 t ?is trade 0 p]mitt$4 ,! ,revolution _h put a p]iod to x2 b n[ x 0 to be reviv$4 ,he ?\ght no?+ c\ld ju/ify x4 ,?is tempor>y re/riction on ,congress militat$1 9 8 op9ion1 aga9/ ! argum5ts ( g5tlem5 on ! o!r side1 t :at 0 n giv5 up1 0 reta9$ by ! ,/ates2 = t if ?is re/riction _h n be5 ins]t$1 ,congress c\ld h prohibit$ ! ,african trade4 ,! p[] ( prohibit+ x 0 n expressly delegat$ to !m2 yet !y w\ld h _h x by implication1 if ?is re/ra9t _h n be5 provid$4 ,?is seem$ to him to demon/rate mo/ cle>ly ! necessity ( re/ra9+ !m by a bill ( rights1 f infr++ our unali5able rights4 ,x 0 immat]ial :e!r ! bill ( rights 0 by itself1 or includ$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,b he cont5d$ = x "o way or ! o!r4 ,x w\ld be ju/ifi$ by our own example1 & t ( ,engl&4 ,8 e>ne/ desire 01 t x %\ld be h&$ d[n to po/]ity1 t he _h oppos$ ?is wick$ clause4 ,mr4 ,madison4 ,z to ! re/riction 9 ! clause "u consid]ation1 x 0 a re/ra9t on ! ex]cise ( a p[] expressly delegat$ to congress1 namely1 t ( regulat+ comm]ce ) =eign nations4 ,mr4 ,h5ry insi/$1 t ! ins]tion ( ^! re/rictions on ,congress1 0 a pla9 demon/ration t ,congress c\ld ex]cise p[]s by implication4 ,! g5tleman _h admitt$ t ,congress c\ld h int]dict$ ! ,african trade1 7 x n = ?is re/riction4 ,if s1 ! p[] n hav+ be5 expressly delegat$1 mu/ be obta9$ by implication4 ,he dem&$ :]e1 !n1 0 _! doctr9e ( res]v$ rights8 ,he wi%$ = negative clauses to prev5t !m f assum+ any p[]s b ^? expressly giv54 ,he ask$ :y x 0 moit$ to secure u t prop]ty 9 slaves1 :i* we held n[8 ,he fe>$ its omission 0 done ) design4 ,!y might lay su* heavy taxes on slaves1 z w\ld am\nt to emancipation2 & !n ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld be ! only suff]]s4 ,8 op9ion 0 confirm$ by ! mode ( levy+ money4 ,congress1 he obs]v$1 _h p[] to lay & collect taxes1 impo/s1 & excises4 ,impo/s 7or duties7 & excises1 7 to be uni=m4 ,b ?is uni=mity did n ext5d to taxes4 ,?is might compel ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to lib]ate _! negroes4 ,he wi%$ ?is prop]ty !re=e to be gu>d$4 ,he consid]$ ! clause :i* _h be5 adduc$ by ! g5tleman z a security = ?is prop]ty1 z no security at all4 ,x 0 no m ?an ?is--t a runaway negro c\ld be tak5 up 9 ,m>yl& or ,new-,york4 ,?is c\ld n prev5t ,congress f int]f]+ ) t prop]ty by lay+ a griev\s & enorm\s tax on x1 s z to compel own]s to emancipate _! slaves r ?an pay ! tax4 ,he appreh5d$ x w\ld be productive ( mu* /ock-jobb+1 & t !y w\ld play into "o ano!r's h&s 9 su* a mann] z t ?is prop]ty w\ld be lo/ to ! c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,george ,ni*olas wond]$ t g5tlem5 :o 7 aga9/ slav]y1 w\ld be oppos$ to ?is clause2 z aft] t p]iod ! slave trade w\ld be done away4 ,he ask$1 if g5tlem5 did n see ! inconsi/5cy ( _! argum5ts8 ,!y object1 says he1 to ! ,con/itution1 because ! slave trade is laid op5 = tw5ty-odd ye>s2 & yet tell y1 t by "s lat5t op]ation ( x1 ! slaves :o are s n[1 w be manumitt$4 ,at ! same mom5t1 x is oppos$ = be+ promotive & de/ructive ( slav]y4 ,he cont5d$ t x 0 advantage\s to ,virg9ia1 t x %\ld be 9 ! p[] ( ,congress to prev5t ! importation ( slaves aft] tw5ty ye>s1 z x w\ld !n put a p]iod to ! evil compla9$ (4 ,z ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld n conf$]ate )\t ?is clause1 he ask$1 if g5tlem5 w\ld r dissolve ! conf$]acy ?an to suff] ?is tempor>y inconv5i5ce1 admitt+ x to be su*8 ,virg9ia might cont9ue ! prohibition ( su* importation dur+ ! int]m$iate p]iod1 & w\ld be b5efitt$ by x1 z a tax ( t5 doll>s on ea* slave might be laid1 ( :i* %e w\ld receive a %>e4 ,he endeavor$ to obviate ! objection ( g5tlem51 t ! re/riction on ,congress 0 a pro( t !y w\ld h p[] n giv5 !m1 by rem>k+1 t !y w\ld only h _h a g5]al sup]9t5d5cy ( trade1 if ! re/riction _h n be5 ins]t$4 ,b ! ,s\!rn ,/ates insi/$ on ?is exception to t g5]al sup]9t5d5cy = tw5ty ye>s4 ,x c\ld n !re=e h be5 a p[] by implication1 z ! re/riction 0 an exception f a delegat$ p[]4 ,! taxes c\ld n1 z _h be5 sugge/$1 be laid s high on negroes z to am\nt to emancipation2 because taxation & repres5tation 7 fix$ accord+ to ! c5sus e/abli%$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,! exception ( taxes1 f ! uni=mity annex$ to duties & excises1 c\ld n h ! op]ation cont5d$ = by ! g5tleman2 because o!r clauses _h cle>ly & positively fix$ ! c5sus4 ,_h taxes be5 uni=m1 x w\ld h be5 univ]sally object$ to1 = no "o object c\ld be select$ )\t involv+ great inconv5i5ces & oppressions4 ,b1 says ,mr4 ,ni*olas1 is x f ! g5]al gov]nm5t we are to fe> emancipation8 ,g5tlem5 w recollect :at ,i said 9 ano!r h\se1 & :at o!r g5tlem5 h said t advocat$ emancipation4 ,give me leave to say1 t t clause is a great security = our slave tax4 ,i c tell ! committee1 t ! p ( our c\ntry are r$uc$ to begg>y by ! taxes on negroes4 ,_h ?is ,con/itution be5 adopt$1 x w\ld n h be5 ! case4 ,! taxes 7 laid on all our negroes4 ,by ?is sy/em two-fif?s are exempt$4 ,he !n add$1 t he imag9$ g5tlem5 w\ld n support "h :at !y _h oppos$ 9 ano!r place4 ,mr4 ,h5ry repli$1 t ?\gh ! proportion ( ea* 0 to be fix$ by ! c5sus1 & ?ree-fif?s ( ! slaves only 7 includ$ 9 ! enum]ation1 yet ! proportion ( ,virg9ia be+ once fix$1 might be laid on blacks & blacks only4 ,= ! mode ( rais+ ! proportion ( ea* ,/ate be+ to be direct$ by ,congress1 !y might make slaves ! sole object to raise x4 ,p]sonalities he wi%$ to take leave (3 !y _h no?+ to d ) ! "q1 :i* 0 solely :e!r t pap] 0 wrong or n4 ,mr4 ,ni*olas repli$1 t negroes mu/ he consid]$ z p]sons1 or prop]ty4 ,if z prop]ty1 ! proportion ( taxes to be laid on !m 0 fix$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,if he appreh5d$ a poll tax on negroes1 ! ,con/itution _h prev5t$ x4 ,=1 by ! c5sus1 :]e a :ite man paid t5 %ill+s1 a negro paid b six %ill+s4 ,= ! exemption ( two-fif?s ( !m r$uc$ x to t proportion4 ,! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? clauses1 7 !n read z foll[s3 ,! privilege ( ! writ ( habeas corpus %all n be susp5d$1 unless :5 9 cases ( rebellion or invasion ! public safety may require x4 ,no bill ( atta9d] or ex po/ facto law %all be pass$4 ,no capitation or o!r direct tax %all be paid1 unless 9 proportion to ! c5sus or enum]ation h]e9 be=e direct$ to be tak54 ,mr4 ,george ,mason said1 t g5tlem5 might ?9k !mselves secur$ by ! re/riction 9 ! f\r? clause1 capitation or o!r direct tax %\ld he laid b 9 proportion to ! c5sus be=e direct$ to be tak54 ,b t :5 maturely consid]$ x w\ld be f\nd to be no security :atsoev]4 ,x 0 no?+ b a direct ass]tion1 or m]e confirmation ( ! clause :i* fix$ ! ratio ( taxes & repres5tation4 ,x only meant t ! quantum to be rais$ ( ea* ,/ate %\ld be 9 proportion to _! numb]s 9 ! mann] !re9 direct$4 ,b ! g5]al gov]nm5t 0 n preclud$ f lay+ ! proportion ( any p>ticul> ,/ate on any "o species ( prop]ty !y might ?9k prop]4 ,= in/ance1 if five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s 7 to be rais$1 !y might lay ! :ole ( ! proportion ( ,s\!rn ,/ates on ! blacks1 or any "o species ( prop]ty3 s t by lay+ taxes too heavily on slaves1 !y might totally annihilate t k9d ( prop]ty4 ,no real security c\ld arise f ! clause :i* provides1 t p]sons held to labor 9 "o ,/ate1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all be deliv]$ up4 ,?is only meant1 t runaway slaves %\ld n be protect$ 9 o!r ,/ates4 ,z to ! exclusion ( ex po/ facto laws1 x c\ld n be said to create any security 9 ?is case4 ,= lay+ a tax on slaves w\ld n be ex po/ facto4 ,mr4 ,madison repli$1 t ev5 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :o 7 mo/ affect$1 7 p]fectly satisfi$ ) ?is provision1 & dread$ no dang] to ! prop]ty !y n[ hold4 ,x appe>$ to him1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t w\ld n int]m$dle ) t prop]ty = tw5ty ye>s1 b to lay a tax on e slave import$1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s2 & t aft] ! expiration ( t p]iod !y might prohibit ! traffic altoge!r4 ,! c5sus 9 ! con/itution 0 int5d$ to introduce equality 9 ! burd5s to be laid on ! community4 ,no g5tleman object$ to lay+ duties1 impo/s1 & excises1 uni=mly4 ,b uni=mity ( taxes w\ld be subv]sive to ! pr9ciples ( equality3 = t x 0 n possible to select any article :i* w\ld be easy = "o ,/ate1 b :at w\ld be heavy = ano!r4 ,t ! proportion ( ea* ,/ate be+ asc]ta9$1 x w\ld be rais$ by ! g5]al gov]nm5t 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann] = ! p1 & n by ! selection ( any "o p>ticul> object4 ,t !re mu/ be "s decree ( confid5ce put 9 ag5ts1 or else we mu/ reject a /ate ( civil society altoge!r4 ,ano!r great security to ?is prop]ty1 :i* he m5tion$1 01 t five ,/ates 7 greatly int]e/$ 9 t species ( prop]ty1 & !re 7 o!r ,/ates :i* _h "s slaves1 & _h made no attempt1 or tak5 any /ep to take !m f ! p4 ,!re 7 a few slaves 9 ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey & ,connecticut3 ^! ,/ates c\ld1 probably1 oppose any attempts to annihilate ?is species ( prop]ty4 ,he conclud$1 by obs]v+1 t he w\ld be glad to leave ! decision ( ?is to ! committee4 ,! second section 0 !n read z foll[s3 99 99 99 99 99 ,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor1 b %all be deliv]$ up1 on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,mr4 ,george ,mason4--,mr4 ,*airman1 on "s =m] "p ( ! inve/igation ( ?is subject1 g5tlem5 7 pleas$ to make "s obs]vations on ! security ( prop]ty com+ )9 ?is section4 ,x 0 !n said1 & ,i n[ say1 t !re is no security1 nor h g5tlem5 conv9c$ me ( ?is4 ,mr4 ,h5ry4 ,among t5 ?\s& impli$ p[]s :i* !y may assume1 !y may1 if we be engag$ 9 w>1 lib]ate e "o ( y\r slaves if !y please4 ,& ?is mu/ & w be done by m51 a majority ( :om h n a common int]e/ ) y4 ,!y w1 !re=e1 h no feel+ = y\r int]e/s4 ,x has be5 repeat$ly said "h1 t ! great object ( a national gov]nm5t1 0 national def5ce4 ,t p[] :i* is said to be int5d$ = security & safety1 may be r5d]$ dete/able & oppressive4 ,if y give p[] to ! g5]al gov]nm5t to provide = ! g5]al def5ce1 ! means mu/ be comm5surate to ! end4 ,all ! means 9 ! possession ( ! p mu/ be giv5 to ! gov]nm5t :i* is entru/$ ) ! public def5ce4 ,9 ?is ,/ate !re are #bcf1jjj blacks1 & !re are _m 9 sev]al o!r ,/ates4 ,b !re are few or none 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 & yet if ! ,nor!rn ,/ates %all be ( op9ion1 t our numb]s are numb]less1 !y may call =? e national res\rce4 ,may ,congress n say1 t e black man mu/ fight8 ,did we n see a little ( ?is la/ w>8 ,we 7 n s h>d pu%$1 z to make emancipation g5]al4 ,b acts ( assembly pass$1 t e slave :o w\ld g to ! army %\ld be free4 ,ano!r ?+ w contribute to br+ ?is ev5t ab\t--slav]y is dete/$--we feel its fatal effects--we deplore x ) all ! pity ( humanity4 ,let all ^! consid]ations1 at "s future p]iod1 press ) full =ce on ! m9ds ( ,congress4 ,let t urbanity1 :i* ,i tru/ w di/+ui% ,am]ica1 & ! necessity ( national def5ce1 let all ^! ?+s op]ate on _! m9ds1 !y w se>* t pap]1 & see if !y h p[] ( manumission4 ,& h !y n1 sir8 ,h !y n p[] to provide = ! g5]al def5ce & welf>e8 ,may !y n ?9k t ^! call = ! abolition ( slav]y8 ,may n !y pron\nce all slaves free1 & w !y n be w>rant$ by t p[]8 ,!re is no ambigu\s implication or logical d$uction4 ,! pap] speaks to ! po9t4 ,!y h ! p[] 9 cle>1 unequivocal t]ms2 & w cle>ly & c]ta9ly ex]cise x4 ,z mu* z ,i deplore slav]y1 ,i see t prud5ce =bids its abolition4 ,i d5y t ! g5]al gov]nm5t ought to set !m free1 because a decid$ majority ( ! ,/ates h n ! ties ( sympa?y & fell[-feel+ = ^? ^: int]e/ w\ld be affect$ by _! emancipation4 ,! majority ( ,congress is to ! ,nor?1 & ! slaves are to ! ,s\?4 ,9 ?is situation1 ,i see a great deal ( ! prop]ty ( ! p ( ,virg9ia 9 jeop>dy1 & _! peace & tranquillity gone away4 ,i repeat x aga91 t x w\ld rejoice my v s\l1 t e "o ( my fell[-be+s 0 emancipat$4 ,z we ought ) gratitude to admire t decree ( ,heav51 :i* has numb]$ u among ! free1 we ought to lam5t & deplore ! necessity ( hold+ our fell[-m5 9 bondage4 ,b is x practicable by any human means1 to lib]ate !m1 )\t produc+ ! mo/ dreadful & ru9\s consequ5ces8 ,we ought to possess !m 9 ! mann] we h inh]it$ !m f our ance/ors1 z _! manumission is incompatible ) ! felicity ( ! c\ntry4 ,b we ought to s(t51 z mu* z possible1 ! rigor ( _! unhappy fate4 ,i "k t 9 a v>iety ( p>ticul> in/ances1 ! legislature1 li/5+ to compla9ts1 h admitt$ _! emancipation4 ,let me n dwell on ?is subject4 ,i w only add1 t ?is1 z well z e o!r prop]ty ( ! p ( ,virg9ia1 is 9 jeop>dy1 & put 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o h no simil>ity ( situation ) u4 ,?is is a local matt]1 & ,i c see no propriety 9 subject+ x to ,congress4 ,h we n a "r to say1 he> our propositions8 ,:y1 sir1 y\r slaves h a "r to make _! humble reque/s4--,^? :o are 9 ! meane/ occupations ( human life1 h a "r to compla94 ,gov4 ,r&olph said1 t honorable g5tleman1 & "s o!rs1 h insi/$ t ! abolition ( slav]y w result f x1 & at ! same "t h compla9$1 t x enc\rages its cont9uation4 ,! inconsi/5cy proves 9 "s degree1 ! futility ( _! argum5ts4 ,b if x be n conclusive1 to satisfy ! committee t !re is no dang] ( enfran*isem5t tak+ place1 ,i beg leave to ref] !m to ! pap] itself4 ,i hope t !re is none "h1 :o1 consid]+ ! subject 9 ! calm light ( philosophy1 w advance an objection di%onorable to ,virg9ia2 t at ! mom5t !y are secur+ ! rights ( _! citiz5s1 an objection is />t$ t !re is a sp>k ( hope1 t ^? un=tunate m5 n[ held 9 bondage1 may1 by ! op]ation ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 be made free4 ,b if any g5tleman be t]rifi$ by ?is appreh5sion1 let him read ! sy/em4 ,i ask1 & ,i w ask aga9 & aga91 till ,i be answ]$ 7n by declamation7 :]e is ! "p t has a t5d5cy to ! abolition ( slav]y8 ,is x ! clause :i* says1 t ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ,congress prior to ! ye> #ahjh8 ,?is is an exception f ! p[] ( regulat+ comm]ce1 & ! re/riction is only to cont9ue till #ahjh4 ,!n ,congress c1 by ! ex]cise ( t p[]1 prev5t future importations2 b does x affect ! exi/+ /ate ( slav]y8 ,7 x "r "h to m5tion :at pass$ 9 conv5tion on ! occasion1 ,i might tell y t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ev5 ,s\? ,c>ol9a h]self1 conceiv$ ?is prop]ty to be secure by ^! words4 ,i believe1 :atev] we may ?9k "h1 t !re 0 n a memb] ( ! ,virg9ia delegation :o _h ! smalle/ suspicion ( ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,g to _! mean+4 ,po9t out ! clause :]e ?is =midable p[] ( emancipation is ins]t$4 ,b ano!r clause ( ! ,con/itution proves ! absurdity ( ! supposition4 ,! words ( ! clause are1 ,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 our ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,e "o kn[s t slaves are held to s]vice & labor4 ,& :5 au?ority is giv5 to own]s ( slaves to v9dicate _! prop]ty1 c x be suppos$ !y c be depriv$ ( x8 ,if a citiz5 ( ?is ,/ate1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is clause1 c take 8 runaway slave 9 ,m>yl&1 c x be s]i\sly ?\ght1 t aft] tak+ him & br++ him home1 he c\ld be made free8 ,i obs]v$ t ! honorable g5tleman's proposition comes 9 a truly que/ionable %ape1 & is /ill m extraord9>y & unacc\ntable = ano!r consid]ation2 t al?\gh we w5t article by article ?r\gh ! ,con/itution1 & al?\gh we did n expect a g5]al review ( ! subject1 7z a mo/ compreh5sive view _h be5 tak5 ( x be=e x 0 regul>ly debat$17 yet we are c>ri$ back to ! clause giv+ t dreadful p[]1 = ! g5]al welf>e4 ,p>don me if ,i rem9d y ( ! true /ate ( t bus9ess4 ,i appeal to ! c&or ( ! honorable g5tleman1 & if he ?9ks x an improp] appeal1 ,i ask ! g5tlem5 "h1 :e!r !re be a g5]al indef9ite p[] ( provid+ = ! g5]al welf>e8 ,! p[] is1 to lay & collect taxes1 duties1 impo/s1 & excises1 to pay ! debts & provide = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e4 ,s t !y c only raise money by ^! means1 9 ord] to provide = ! g5]al welf>e4 ,no man :o reads x c say x is g5]al z ! honorable g5tleman repres5ts x4 ,y mu/ violate e rule ( con/ruction & common s5se1 if y sev] x f ! p[] ( rais+ money & annex x to any ?+ else1 9 ord] to make x t =midable p[] :i* x is repres5t$ to be4 ,mr4 ,george ,mason4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ) respect to comm]ce & navigation1 he has giv5 x z 8 op9ion1 t _! regulation1 z x n[ /&s1 0 a s9e qua non ( ! ,union1 & t )\t x1 ! ,/ates 9 conv5tion w\ld nev] concur4 ,i diff] f him4 ,x nev] 01 nor 9 my op9ion ev] w be1 a s9e qua non ( ! ,union4 ,i w give y1 to ! be/ ( my recollection1 ! hi/ory ( t affair4 ,?is bus9ess 0 discuss$ at ,philadelphia = f\r mon?s1 dur+ :i* "t ! subject ( comm]ce & navigation 0 (t5 "u consid]ation2 & ,i ass]t1 t eight ,/ates out ( twelve1 = m ?an ?ree mon?s1 vot$ = requir+ two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t 9 ea* h\se to pass comm]cial & navigation laws4 ,true x is1 t aft]w>ds x 0 c>ri$ by a majority1 z x /&s4 ,if ,i am "r1 !re 0 a great majority = requir+ two-?irds ( ! ,/ates 9 ?is bus9ess1 till a compromise took place betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates2 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates agree+ to ! tempor>y importation ( slaves1 & ! ,s\!rn ,/ates conc$+1 9 return1 t navigation & comm]cial laws %\ld be on ! foot+ on :i* !y n[ /&4 ,if ,i am mi/ak51 let me be put "r4 ,^! are my reasons = say+ t ?is 0 n a s9e qua non ( _! concurr5ce4 ,! ,newf\ndl& fi%]ies w require t k9d ( security :i* we are n[ 9 want (4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates !re=e agre$ at l5g?1 t treaties %\ld require ! cons5t ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t 9 ! s5ate4 ,mr4 ,madison said-- ,i 0 /ruck ) surprise :5 ,i he>d him express himself al>m$ ) respect to ! emancipation ( slaves4 ,let me ask1 if !y %\ld ev5 attempt x1 if x w n be an usurpation ( p[]8 ,!re is no p[] to w>rant x1 9 t pap]4 ,if !re be1 ,i "k x n4 ,b :y %\ld x be done8 ,says ! honorable g5tleman1 = ! g5]al welf>e--x w infuse /r5g? into our sy/em4 ,c any memb] ( ?is committee suppose1 t x w increase our /r5g?8 ,c any "o believe1 t ! ,am]ican c\ncils w come into a measure :i* w /rip !m ( _! prop]ty1 disc\rage & ali5ate ! affections ( five-?irte5?s ( ! ,union8 ,:y 0 no?+ ( ?is sort aim$ at be=e8 ,i believe su* an idea nev] ent]$ into an ,am]ican brea/1 nor d ,i believe x ev] w1 unless x w ent] into ! heads ( ^? g5tlem5 :o sub/itute unsupport$ suspici\s = reasons4 ,mr4 ,h5ry4 ,he ask$ me :]e 0 ! p[] ( emancipat+ slaves8 ,i say x w be impli$1 unless implication be prohibit$4 ,he admits t ! p[] ( grant+ passports w be 9 ! new congress )\t ! ins]tion ( ?is re/riction--yet he c %[ me no?+ l su* a p[] grant$ 9 t con/itution4 ,not)/&+ he admits _! "r to ?is p[] by implication1 he says t ,i am unfair & unc&id 9 my d$uction1 t !y c emancipate our slaves1 ?\gh ! ^w emancipation is n m5tion$ 9 x4 ,!y c ex]cise p[] by implication 9 "o in/ance1 z well z 9 ano!r4 ,?us1 by ! g5tleman's own argum5t1 !y c ex]cise ! p[] ?\gh x n be delegat$4 ,mr4 ,z4 ,johnson4 ,!y tell u t !y see a progressive dang] ( br++ ab\t emancipation4 ,! pr9ciple has begun s9ce ! revolution4 ,let u d :at we w1 x w come r\nd4 ,slav]y has be5 ! f\ndation ( t impiety & dissipation1 :i* h be5 s mu* dissem9at$ among our c\ntrym54 ,if x 7 totally aboli%$1 x w\ld d mu* good4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a ,,conv5tion4 ,! fir/ ?ree clauses ( ! second section read4 ,mr4 ,g\dy4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ?is clause ( taxation w give an advantage to "s ,/ates ov] o!rs4 ,x w be oppressive to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,taxes are equal to our repres5tation4 ,to augm5t our taxes & increase our bur!ns1 our negroes are to be repres5t$4 ,if a ,/ate has fifty ?\s& negroes1 %e is to s5d "o repres5tative = !m4 ,i wi% n to be repres5t$ ) negroes1 especially if x increases my bur!ns4 ,mr4 ,davie4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i w endeavor to obviate :at ! g5tleman la/ up has said4 ,i wond] to see g5tlem5 s precipitate & ha/y on ! subject ( su* awful importance4 ,x ought to be consid]$1 t "s ( u are sl[ ( appreh5sion1 n hav+ ^? quick conceptions1 & lum9\s und]/&+s1 ( :i* o!r g5tlem5 may be possess$4 ,! g5tleman does n wi% to be repres5t$ ) negroes4 ,?is1 sir1 is an unhappy species ( population1 b we _c at pres5t alt] _! situation4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates _h great jeal\sies on ?is subject4 ,!y insi/$ t _! c[s & horses 7 equally entitl$ to repres5tation2 t ! "o 0 prop]ty z well z ! o!r4 ,x became our duty on ! o!r h&1 to acquire z mu* weight z possible 9 ! legislation ( ! ,union2 & z ! ,nor!rn ,/ates 7 m popul\s 9 :ites1 ?is only c\ld be done by insi/+ t a c]ta9 proportion ( our slaves %\ld make a "p ( ! comput$ population4 ,x 0 attempt$ to =m a rule ( repres5tation f a comp\nd ratio ( weal? & population2 b1 on consid]ation1 x 0 f\nd impracticable to det]m9e ! comp>ative value ( l&s1 & o!r prop]ty1 9 s ext5sive a t]ritory1 ) any degree ( accuracy2 & population alone 0 adopt$ z ! only practicable rule or crit]ion ( repres5tation4 ,x 0 urg$ by ! deputies ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 t a repres5tation ( two-fif?s w\ld be ( little utility1 & t _! entire repres5tation w\ld be unequal & bur!nsome4 ,t 9 a "t ( w>1 slaves r5d]$ a c\ntry m vuln]able1 :ile its def5ce devolv$ ^u its free inhabitants4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we insi/$1 t 9 "t ( peace !y contribut$ by _! labor to ! g5]al weal? z well z o!r memb]s ( ! community4 ,t z rational be+s !y _h a "r ( repres5tation1 & 9 "s in/ances might be highly useful 9 w>4 ,on ^! pr9ciples1 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates gave ! matt] up1 & cons5t$ to ! regulation z x has be5 read4 ,i hope ^! reasons w appe> satisfactory4 ,x is ! same rule or pr9ciple :i* 0 propos$ "s ye>s ago by ,congress1 & ass5t$ to by twelve ( ! ,/ates4 ,x may w\nd ! delicacy ( ! g5tleman f ,guil=d1 ,mr4 ,g\dy1 b ,i hope he w endeavor to accommodate 8 feel+s to ! int]e/s & circum/ances ( 8 c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,james ,gall[ay said1 t he did n object to ! repres5tation ( negroes1 s mu* z he did to ! fewness ( ! numb] ( repres5tatives4 ,he 0 surpris$ h[ we came to h b five1 includ+ ^? int5d$ to repres5t negroes4 ,t 9 8 humble op9ion ,nor? ,c>ol9a 0 entitl$ to t numb] indep5d5t ( ! negroes4 ,fir/ clause ( ! #i? section read4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,m',d[all wi%$ to he> ! reasons ( ?is re/riction4 ,mr4 ,spaight answ]$ t !re 0 a conte/ betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates--t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ^: pr9cipal support dep5d$ on ! labor ( slaves1 w\ld n cons5t to ! desire ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates to exclude ! importation ( slaves absolutely4 ,t ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia insi/$ on ?is clause1 z !y 7 n[ 9 want ( h&s to cultivate _! l&s3 ,t 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty ye>s !y w\ld be fully suppli$3 ,t ! trade w\ld be aboli%$ !n1 & t 9 ! mean "t "s tax or duty might be laid on4 ,mr4 ,m',d[all repli$1 t ! explanation 0 j su* z he expect$1 & by no means satisfactory to him & t he look$ ^u x z a v objectionable "p ( ! sy/em4 ,mr4 ,ir$ell4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i rise to express s5tim5ts simil> to ^? ( ! g5tleman f ,crav54 ,= my "p1 7 x practicable to put an end to ! importation ( slaves imm$iately1 x w\ld give me ! greate/ pleasure1 = x c]ta9ly is a trade utt]ly inconsi/5t ) ! rights ( humanity1 & "u :i* great cruelties h be5 ex]cis$4 ,:5 ! entire abolition ( slav]y takes place1 x w be an ev5t :i* mu/ be pleas+ to e g5]\s m9d1 & e fri5d ( human nature2 b we (t5 wi% = ?+s :i* are n atta9able4 ,x 0 ! wi% ( a great majority ( ! ,conv5tion to put an end to ! trade imm$iately1 b ! ,/ates ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia w\ld n agree to x4 ,consid] !n :at w\ld be ! diff]5ce betwe5 our pres5t situation 9 ?is respect1 if we d n agree to ! ,con/itution1 & :at x w be if we d agree to x4 ,if we d n agree to x1 d we rem$y ! evil8 ,no1 sir1 we d n2 = if ! con/itution be n adopt$1 x w be 9 ! p[] ( e ,/ate to cont9ue x =ev]4 ,!y may or may n aboli% x at _! discretion4 ,b if we adopt ! con/itution1 ! trade mu/ cease aft] tw5ty ye>s1 if congress decl>e s1 :e!r p>ticul> ,/ates please s or n3 surely1 !n1 we ga9 by x4 ,?is 0 ! utmo/ t c\ld be obta9$4 ,i he>tily wi% m c\ld h be5 done4 ,b z x is1 ?is gov]nm5t is nobly di/+ui%$ above o!rs by t v provision4 ,:]e is !re ano!r c\ntry 9 :i* su* a re/riction prevails8 ,we1 !re=e1 sir1 set an example ( humanity by provid+ = ! abolition ( ?is inhuman traffic1 ?\gh at a di/ant p]iod4 ,i hope1 !re=e1 t ?is "p ( ! con/itution w n be condemn$ because x has n /ipulat$ = :at x 0 impracticable to obta94 ,mr4 ,spaight fur!r expla9$ ! clause4 ,t ! limitation ( ?is trade to ! t]m ( tw5ty ye>s1 0 a compromise betwe5 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates & ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia wi%$ to ext5d ! t]m4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates insi/$ on ! entire abolition ( ! trade4 ,t ! ,/ate ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a _h n ?\ght prop] to pass any law prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves1 & !re=e its delegation 9 ! conv5tion did n ?9k !mselves au?oriz$ to cont5d = an imm$iate prohibition ( x4 ,mr4 ,ir$ell add$ to :at he _h said be=e1 t ! ,/ates ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a _h lo/ a great _m slaves dur+ ! w>1 & t !y wi%$ to supply ! loss4 ,mr4 ,gall[ay4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ! explanation giv5 to ?is clause does n satisfy my m9d4 ,i wi% to see ?is abom9able trade put an end to4 ,b 9 case x be ?\ght prop] to cont9ue ?is abom9able traffic = tw5ty ye>s1 yet ,i d n wi% to see ! tax on ! importation ext5d$ to all p]sons :atsoev]4 ,our situation is diff]5t f ! p to ! ,nor?4 ,we want citiz5s2 !y d n4 ,in/ead ( lay+ a tax1 we ought to give a b\nty1 to enc\rage =eign]s to come among u4 ,) respect to ! abolition ( slav]y1 x requires ! utmo/ consid]ation4 ,! prop]ty ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates consi/s pr9cipally ( slaves4 ,if !y mean to d away slav]y altoge!r1 ?is prop]ty w be de/roy$4 ,i appreh5d x means to br+ =w>d manumission4 ,if we mu/ manumit our slaves1 :at c\ntry %all we s5d !m to8 ,x is impossible = u to be happy if1 aft] manumission1 !y are to /ay among u4 ,mr4 ,ir$ell4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ! wor?y g5tleman1 ,i believe1 has misund]/ood ?is clause1 :i* runs 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress prior to ! ye> #ahjh1 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,n[1 sir1 obs]ve t ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 :o long ago h aboli%$ slav]y1 did n approve ( ! expression slaves2 !y !re=e us$ ano!r t answ]$ ! same purpose4 ,! committee w obs]ve ! di/9ction betwe5 ! two words migration & importation4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! clause w ext5d to p]sons :o come into ! c\ntry z free p1 or are br\ght z slaves1 b ! la/ "p ext5ds to slaves only4 ,! ^w migration ref]s to free p]sons2 b ! ^w importation ref]s to slaves1 because free p _c be said to be import$4 ,! tax1 !re=e1 is only to be laid on slaves :o are import$1 & n on free p]sons :o migrate4 ,i fur!r beg leave to say1 t ?is g5tleman is mi/ak5 9 ano!r ?+4 ,he seems to say t ?is ext5ds to ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,is !re any?+ 9 ?is con/itution :i* says t ,congress %all h x 9 _! p[] to aboli% ! slav]y ( ^? slaves :o are n[ 9 ! c\ntry8 ,is x n ! pla9 mean+ ( x1 t aft] tw5ty ye>s !y may prev5t ! future importation ( slaves8 ,x does n ext5d to ^? n[ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!re is ano!r circum/ance to be obs]v$4 ,!re is no au?ority ve/$ 9 congress to re/ra9 ! ,/ates 9 ! int]val ( tw5ty ye>s1 f do+ :at !y please4 ,if !y wi% to inhibit su* importation1 !y may d s4 ,our next assembly may put an entire end to ! importation ( slaves4 ,article f\r?4 ,! fir/ section & two fir/ clauses ( ! second section read )\t obs]vation4 ,! la/ clause read-- ,mr4 ,ir$ell begg$ leave to expla9 ! reason ( ?is clause4 ,9 "s ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 !y h emancipat$ all _! slaves4 ,if any ( our slaves1 said he1 g !re & rema9 !re a c]ta9 "t1 !y c\ld1 by ! pres5t laws1 be entitl$ to _! fre$om1 s t _! ma/]s c\ld n get !m aga94 ,?is w\ld be extremely prejudicial to ! inhabitants ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & to prev5t x1 ?is clause is ins]t$ 9 ! con/itution4 ,?\gh ! ^w slave be n m5tion$1 ?is is ! mean+ ( x4 ,! ,nor!rn delegates1 ow+ to _! p>ticul> scruples on ! subject ( slav]y1 did n *oose ! ^w slave to be m5tion$4 ,! re/ ( ! f\r? article read )\t any obs]vation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is h[ev] to be obs]v$1 7said ,mr4 ,ir$ell17 t ! fir/ & f\r? clauses 9 ! n9? section ( ! fir/ article1 are protect$ f any alt]ation till ! ye> #ahjh2 & 9 ord] t no consolidation %\ld take place1 x is provid$1 t no ,/ate %all1 by any am5dm5t or alt]ation1 be ev] depriv$ ( an equal suffrage 9 ! ,s5ate )\t its own cons5t4 ,! two fir/ prohibitions are ) respect to ! c5sus1 accord+ to :i* direct taxes are impos$1 & ) respect to ! importation ( slaves4 ,z to ! fir/1 x mu/ be obs]v$1 t !re is a mat]ial diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! ,nor!rn ,/ates h be5 mu* long] settl$1 & are mu* full] ( p ?an ! ,s\!rn1 b h n l& 9 equal proportion1 nor sc>cely any slaves4 ,! subject ( ?is article 0 regulat$ ) great difficulty1 & by a _s ( concession :i* x w\ld n be prud5t to di/urb = a good _m ye>s4 ,9 tw5ty ye>s !re w probably be a great alt]ation1 & !n ! subject may be consid]$ ) less difficulty & great] coolness4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! compromise 0 ^u ! be/ foot+ t c\ld be obta9$4 ,a compromise likewise took place ) reg>d to ! importation ( slaves4 ,x is probable t all ! memb]s reprobat$ ?is inhuman traffic1 b ^? ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia w\ld n cons5t to an imm$iate prohibition ( x2 "o reason ( :i* 01 t dur+ ! la/ w> !y lo/ a va/ numb] ( negroes1 :i* loss !y wi% to supply4 ,9 ! mean "t1 x is left to ! ,/ates to admit or prohibit ! importation1 & ,congress may impose a limit$ duty ^u x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a ,,conv5tion4 ,hon4 ,rawl9s ,l[ndes4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :at cause 0 !re = jeal\sy ( our import+ negroes8 ,:y conf9e u to tw5ty ye>s1 or r :y limit u at all8 ,= 8 "p he ?\ght ?is trade c\ld be ju/ifi$ on ! pr9ciples ( religion1 humanity1 & ju/ice2 = c]ta9ly to translate a set ( human be+s f a bad c\ntry to a bett]1 0 fulfill+ e "p ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,b !y don't l our slaves1 because !y h none !mselves2 & !re=e want to exclude u f ?is great advantage2 :y %\ld ! ,s\!rn ,/ates all[ ( ?is1 )\t ! cons5t ( n9e ,/ates8 ,judge ,p5dleton obs]v$1 t only ?ree ,/ates1 ,georgia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 all[$ ! importation ( negroes4 ,virg9ia _h a clause 9 h] con/itution = ?is purpose1 & ,m>yl&1 he believ$1 ev5 be=e ! w>1 prohibit$ !m4 ,mr4 ,l[ndes cont9u$--t we _h a law prohibit+ ! importation ( negroes = ?ree ye>s1 a law he greatly approv$ (2 b !re 0 no reason (f]$1 :y ! ,s\!rn ,/ates might n f9d x necess>y to alt] _! conduct1 & op5 _! ports4 ,)\t negroes ?is ,/ate w\ld deg5]ate into "o ( ! mo/ contemptible 9 ! ,union3 & cit$ an expression t fell f ,g54 ,p9ckney on a =m] debate1 t :il/ !re rema9$ "o acre ( swamp l& 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a he %\ld raise 8 voice aga9/ re/rict+ ! importation ( negroes4 ,ev5 9 grant+ ! importation = tw5ty ye>s1 c>e _h be5 tak5 to make u pay = ?is indulg5ce1 ea* negro be+ liable1 on importation1 to pay a duty n exce$+ t5 doll>s1 &1 9 addition ?is1 7 liable to a capitation tax4 ,negroes 7 our weal?1 our only natural res\rce2 yet behold h[ our k9d fri5ds 9 ! ,nor? 7 det]m9$ soon to tie up our h&s1 & dra9 u ( :at we _h4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates drew _! means ( subsi/5ce1 9 a great treasure1 f _! %ipp+2 & on t head1 !y _h be5 p>ticul>ly c>eful n to all[ ( any burd5s3 !y 7 n to pay tonnage1 or duties2 no1 n ev5 ! =m ( cle>+ out3 all ports 7 free & op5 to !m6 ,:y1 !n1 call ?is a reciprocal b>ga91 :i* took all f "o p>ty1 to be/[ x on ! o!r8 ,major ,butl] obs]v$ t !y 7 to pay a five p] c5t impo/4 ,?is1 ,mr4 ,l[ndes prov$1 mu/ fall ^u ! consum]4 ,!y are to be ! c>ri]s3 & we1 be+ ! consum]s1 !re=e all exp5ses w\ld fall ^u u4 ,hon4 ,e4 ,rutl$ge4 ,! g5tleman _h compla9$ ( ! inequality ( ! taxes betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates--t t5 doll>s a head 0 impos$ on ! importation ( negroes1 & t ^? negroes 7 aft]w>ds tax$4 ,to ?is x 0 answ]$1 t ! t5 doll>s p] head 0 an equival5t to ! five p] c5t on import$ articles2 & z to _! be+ aft]w>ds tax$1 ! advantage is on our side2 or1 at lea/1 n aga9/ u4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ate1 ! labor is p]=m$ by :ite p2 9 ! ,s\!rn by black4 ,all ! free p 7& !re are few o!rs7 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 are to be tax$ by ! new con/itution :]eas1 only ! free p1 & two-fif?s ( ! slaves 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are to be rat$ 9 ! apportion+ ( taxes4 ,b ! pr9cipal objection is1 t no duties are laid on %ipp+--t 9 fact ! c>ry+ trade 0 to be ve/$ 9 a great measure 9 ! ,am]icans2 t ! %ip-build+ bus9ess 0 pr9cipally c>ri$ on 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,:5 ?is subject is duly consid]$1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 %\ld be ! la/ to object to x4 ,mr4 ,rutl$ge !n w5t into a consid]ation ( ! subject2 aft] :i* ! ,h\se adj\rn$4 ,g54 ,*>les ,coteswor? ,p9ckney4 ,we 7 at a loss = "s "t = a rule to asc]ta9 ! proportionate weal? ( ! ,/ates1 at la/ we ?\ght t ! productive labor ( ! inhabitants 0 ! be/ rule = asc]ta9+ _! weal?2 9 con=mity to ?is rule1 jo9$ to a _s ( concession1 we det]m9$ t repres5tatives %\ld be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates1 by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons ?ree-fif?s ( ! slaves4 ,we ?us obta9$ a repres5tation = our prop]ty1 & ,i confess ,i did n expect t we _h conc$$ too mu* to ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 :5 !y all[$ u a repres5tation = a species ( prop]ty :i* !y h n among !m4 ,! honorable g5tleman alleges1 t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are weak1 ,i s9c]ely agree ) him--we are s weak t by ourselves we c\ld n =m an union /rong en\gh = ! purpose ( effectually protect+ ea* o!r4 ,)\t union ) ! o!r ,/ates1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a mu/ soon fall4 ,is !re any "o among u s mu* a ,quixotte z to suppose t ?is ,/ate c\ld long ma9ta9 h] indep5d5ce if %e /ood alone1 or 0 only connect$ ) ! ,s\!rn ,/ates8 ,i sc>cely believe !re is4 ,let an invad+ p[] s5d a naval =ce into ! ,*esapeake to keep ,virg9ia 9 al>m1 & attack ,s\? ,c>ol9a ) su* a naval & milit>y =ce z ,sir ,h5ry ,cl9ton br\ght "h 9 #aghj1 & ?\gh !y might n soon conqu] u1 !y w\ld c]ta9ly d u an inf9ite deal ( mis*ief2 & if !y consid]ably increas$ _! numb]s1 we %\ld probably fall4 ,z1 f ! nature ( our climate1 & ! fewness ( our inhabitants1 we are und\bt$ly weak1 %\ld we n endeavor to =m a close union ) ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 :o are /rong8 ,= :o h be5 ! greate/ suff]]s 9 ! ,union1 by our obta9+1 our indep5d5ce8 ,i answ]1 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates2 !y h lo/ e ?+ b _! c\ntry1 & _! fre$om4 ,x is notori\s t "s ports to ! ,ea/w>d1 :i* us$ to fit out "o hundr$ & fifty sail ( vessels1 d n n[ fit out ?irty2 t _! trade ( %ip-build+1 :i* us$ to be v consid]able1 is n[ annihilat$2 t _! fi%]ies are trifl+1 & _! m>9]s 9 want ( bread2 surely we are call$ ^u by e tie ( ju/ice1 fri5d%ips1 & humanity1 to relieve _! di/resses2 & z by _! ex]tions !y h assi/$ u 9 e/abli%+ our fre$om1 we %\ld let !m1 9 "s measure1 p>take ( our prosp]ity4 ,! ,g5]al !n said he w\ld make a few obs]vations on ! objections :i* ! g5tleman _h ?r[n out on ! re/rictions t might be laid on ! ,african trade aft] ! ye> #ahjh4 ,on ?is po9t y\r delegates _h to cont5d ) ! religi\s & political prejudices ( ! ,ea/]n & ,middle ,/ates1 & ) ! int]e/$ & inconsi/5t op9ion ( ,virg9ia1 :o 0 w>mly oppos$ to our import+ m slaves4 ,i am ( ! same op9ion n[ z ,i 0 two ye>s ago1 :5 ,i us$ ! expressions t ! g5tleman has quot$1 t :ile !re rema9$ "o acre ( swamp l& uncle>$ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,i w\ld raise my voice aga9/ re/rict+ ! importation ( negroes4 ,i am z ?or\ghly conv9c$ z t g5tleman is1 t ! nature ( our climate1 & ! flat swampy situation ( our c\ntry1 obliges u to cultivate our l& ) negroes1 & t )\t !m ,s\? ,c>ol9a w\ld soon be a des]t wa/e4 ,y h s frequ5tly he>d my s5tim5ts on ?is subject t ,i ne$ n n[ repeat !m4 ,x 0 alleg$1 by "s ( ! memb]s :o oppos$ an unlimit$ importation1 t slaves increas$ ! weakness ( any ,/ate :o admitt$ !m2 t !y 7 a dang]\s species ( prop]ty1 :i* an invad+ enemy c\ld easily turn aga9/ ourselves & ! neighbor+ ,/ates1 & t z we 7 all[$ a repres5tation = !m 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 our influ5ce 9 gov]nm5t w\ld be increas$ 9 proportion z we 7 less able to def5d ourselves4 ,%[ "s p]iod1 said ! memb]s f ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 :5 x may be 9 our p[] to put a /op1 if we please1 to ! importation ( ?is weakness1 & we w endeavor1 = y\r conv5i5ce1 to re/ra9 ! religi\s & political prejudices ( our p on ?is subject4 ,! ,middle ,/ates & ,virg9ia made u no su* proposition2 !y 7 = an imm$iate & total prohibition4 ,we endeavor$ to obviate ! objections t 7 made1 9 ! be/ mann] we c\ld1 & assign$ reasons = our insi/+ on ! importation1 :i* !re is no occasion to repeat1 z !y mu/ occur to e g5tleman 9 ! ,h\se3 a committee ( ! ,/ates 0 appo9t$ 9 ord] to accommodate ?is matt]1 & aft] a great deal ( difficulty1 x 0 settl$ on ! foot+ recit$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,by ?is settlem5t we h secur$ an unlimit$ importation ( negroes = tw5ty ye>s2 nor is x decl>$ t ! importation %all be !n /opp$2 x may be cont9u$--we h a security t ! g5]al gov]nm5t c nev] emancipate !m1 = no su* au?ority is grant$1 & x is admitt$ on all h&s1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t has no p[]s b :at are expressly grant$ by ! con/itution2 & t all rights n express$ 7 res]v$ by ! sev]al ,/ates4 ,we h obta9$ a "r to recov] our slaves1 9 :atev] "p ( ,am]ica !y may take refuge1 :i* is a "r we _h n be=e4 ,9 %ort1 consid]+ all circum/ances1 we h made ! be/ t]ms1 = ! security ( ?is species ( prop]ty1 x 0 9 our p[] to make4 ,we w\ld h made bett] if we c\ld1 b on ! :ole ,i d n ?9k !m bad4 ,hon4 ,rob]t ,b>nwell4 ,mr4 ,b>nwell cont9u$ to say1 ,i n[ come to ! la/ po9t = consid]ation1 ,i mean ! clause relative to ! negroes2 & "h ,i am p>ticul>ly pleas$ ) ! ,con/itution2 x has n left ?is matt] ( s mu* importance to u op5 to imm$iate inve/igation2 no1 x has decl>$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all n1 at any rate1 consid] ?is matt] = tw5ty-"o ye>s1 & yet g5tlem5 are displeas$ ) x4 ,congress has gu>ante$ ?is "r = t space ( "t1 & at its expiration may cont9ue x z long z !y please4 ,?is "q !n arises1 :at w _! int]e/ lead !m to d8 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 z ! honorable g5tleman says1 w become ! c>ri]s ( ,am]ica1 x w1 !re=e c]ta9ly be _! int]e/ to enc\rage exportation to z great an ext5t z possible2 & if ! quantum ( our products w be dim9i%$ by ! prohibition ( negroes1 ,i appeal to ! belief ( e man1 :e!r he ?9ks ^? v c>ri]s w !mselves dam up ! res\rces f :5ce _! pr(it is d]iv$8 ,to ?9k s is s contradictory to ! g5]al conduct ( mank9d1 t ,i am ( op9ion1 t )\t we ourselves put a /op to !m1 ! traffic = negroes w cont9ue =ev]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,f$]ali/1 ,no4 #db4 ,,by ,,james ,,madison ,x 7 d\btless to be wi%$1 t ! p[] ( prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves1 _h n be5 po/pon$ until ! ye> #ahjh1 or r t x _h be5 suff]$ to h imm$iate op]ation4 ,b x is n difficult to acc\nt ei!r = ?is re/riction on ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 or = ! mann] 9 :i* ! :ole clause is express$4 ,x ought to be consid]$ z a great po9t ga9$ 9 favor ( humanity1 t a p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s may t]m9ate = ev] )9 ^! ,/ates1 a traffic :i* has s long & s l\dly upbraid$ ! b>b>ism ( mod]n policy2 t )9 t p]iod1 x w receive a consid]able disc\ragem5t f ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t1 & may be totally aboli%$1 by a concurr5ce ( ! few ,/ates :i* cont9ue ! unnatural traffic1 9 ! prohibitory example :i* has be5 giv5 by s great a majority ( ! ,union4 ,happy w\ld x be = ! un=tunate ,africans1 if an equal prospect lay be=e !m1 ( be+ r$eem$ f ! oppressions ( _! ,european bre!rn6 ,attempts h be5 made to p]v]t ?is clause into an objection aga9/ ! ,con/itution1 by repres5t+ x on "o side1 z a crim9al tol]ation ( an illicit practice2 & on ano!r1 z calculat$ to prev5t volunt>y & b5eficial emigrations f ,europe to ,am]ica4 ,i m5tion ^! miscon/ructions1 n ) a view to give !m an answ]1 = !y des]ve none2 b z specim5s ( ! mann] & _s1 9 :i* "s h ?\ght fit to conduct _! opposition to ! propos$ gov]nm5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,f$]ali/1 ,no4 #ed4 ,,by ,,james ,,madison4 ,all ?is is admitt$1 x w p]haps be said3 b does x foll[ f an admission ( numb]s = ! measure ( repres5tation1 or ( slaves comb9$ ) free citiz5s z a ratio ( taxation1 t slaves ought to be includ$ 9 ! num]ical rule ( repres5tation8 ,slaves are consid]$ z prop]ty1 n z p]sons4 ,!y ought !re=e1 to be compreh5d$ 9 e/imates ( taxation1 :i* are f\nd$ on prop]ty1 & to be exclud$ f repres5tation1 :i* is regulat$ by a c5sus ( p]sons4 ,?is is ! objection z ,i und]/& x1 /at$ 9 its full =ce4 ,i %all be equally c&id 9 /at+ ! reason+ :i* may be (f]$ on ! opposite side4 ,we subscribe to ! doctr9e1 might "o ( our ,s\!rn bre!rn obs]ve1 t repres5tation relates m imm$iately to p]sons1 & taxation m imm$iately to prop]ty2 & we jo9 9 ! application ( ?is di/9ction to ! case ( our slaves4 ,b we mu/ d5y ! fact1 t slaves are consid]$ m]ely z prop]ty1 & 9 no respect :atev] z p]sons4 ,! true /ate ( ! case is1 t !y p>take ( bo? ^! qualities1 be+ consid]$ by our laws1 9 "s respects z p]sons1 & 9 o!r respects z prop]ty4 ,9 be+ compell$ to labor1 n = himself1 b = a ma/]2 9 be+ v5dible by "o ma/] to ano!r ma/]2 & 9 be+ subject at all times to be re/ra9$ 9 8 lib]ty3 & *a/is$ 9 8 body by ! caprici\s w ( ano!r2 ! slave may appe> to be degrad$ f ! human rank1 & class$ ) ^? irrational animals :i* fall "u ! legal d5om9ation ( prop]ty4 ,9 be+ protect$1 on ! o!r h&1 9 8 life1 & 9 8 limbs1 aga9/ ! viol5ce ( all o!rs1 ev5 ! ma/] ( 8 labor & 8 lib]ty2 & 9 be+ puni%able himself = all viol5ce committ$ aga9/ o!rs2 ! slave is no less evid5tly reg>d$ by ! law z a memb] ( ! society1 n z a "p ( ! irrational creation2 z a moral p]son1 n z a m]e article ( prop]ty4 ,! ,f$]al con/itution1 !re=e1 decides ) great propriety on ! case ( our slaves1 :5 x views !m 9 ! mix$ "* ( p]sons & prop]ty4 ,?is is 9 fact _! true "*4 ,x is ! "* be/[$ on !m by ! laws "u :i* !y live1 & x w n be d5i$1 t ^! are ! prop] crit]ion2 because x is only "u ! pretext1 t ! laws h trans=m$ ! negroes into subjects ( prop]ty1 t a place is disput$ !m 9 ! computation ( numb]s2 & x is admitt$1 t if ! laws 7 to re/ore ! rights :i* h be5 tak5 away1 ! negroes c\ld no long] be refus$ an equal %>e ( repres5tation ) ! o!r inhabitants4 ,?is "q may be plac$ 9 ano!r light4 ,x is agre$ on all sides1 t numb]s are ! be/ scale ( weal? & taxation1 z !y are ! only prop] scale ( repres5tation4 ,w\ld ! conv5tion h be5 imp>tial or consi/5t1 if !y _h reject$ ! slaves f ! li/ ( inhabitants1 :5 ! %>es ( repres5tation 7 to be calculat$2 & ins]t$ !m on ! li/s :5 ! t>iff ( contributions 0 to be adju/$8 ,c\ld x be reasonably expect$1 t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld concur 9 a sy/em1 :i* consid]$ _! slaves 9 "s degree z m51 :5 burd5s 7 to be impos$1 b refus$ to consid] !m 9 ! same light1 :5 advantages 7 to be conf]r$8 ,might n "s surprise also be express$1 t ^? :o reproa* ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ) !1 b>b>\s policy ( consid]+ z prop]ty a "p ( _! human bre!rn1 %\ld !mselves cont5d1 t ! gov]nm5t to :i* all ! ,/ates are to be p>ties1 ought to consid] ?is un=tunate race m completely 9 ! unnatural light ( prop]ty1 ?an ! v laws ( :i* !y compla98 ,x may be repli$1 p]haps1 t slaves are n includ$ 9 ! e/imate ( repres5tatives 9 any ( ! ,/ates possess+ !m4 ,!y nei!r vote !mselves1 nor increase ! votes ( _! ma/]s4 ,^u :at pr9ciple1 !n1 ought !y to be tak5 into ! ,f$]al e/imate ( repres5tation8 ,9 reject+ !m altoge!r1 ! con/itution w\ld1 9 ?is respect1 h foll[$ ! v laws :i* h be5 appeal$ to z ! prop] guide4 ,?is objection is repell$ by a s+le obs]vation4 ,x is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! propos$ con/itution1 t z ! aggregate numb] ( repres5tatives allott$ to ! sev]al ,/ates is to be det]m9$ by a ,f$]al rule1 f\nd$ on ! aggregate numb] ( inhabitants2 s1 ! "r ( *oos+ ?is allott$ numb] 9 ea* ,/ate1 is to be ex]cis$ by su* "p ( ! inhabitants1 z ! ,/ate itself may designate4 ,! qualifications ( :i* ! "r ( suffrage dep5ds1 are n p]haps ! same 9 any two ,/ates4 ,9 "s ( ! ,/ates ! diff]5ce is v mat]ial4 ,9 e ,/ate1 a c]ta9 proportion ( inhabitants are depriv$ ( ?is "r by ! con/itution ( ! ,/ate1 :o w be includ$ 9 ! c5sus by :i* ! ,f$]al con/itution apportions ! repres5tatives4 ,9 ?is po9t ( view1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates might retort ! compla9t1 by insi/+1 t ! pr9ciple laid d[n by ! conv5tion requir$ t no reg>d %\ld be _h to ! policy ( p>ticul> ,/ates t[>ds _! own inhabitants2 & consequ5tly1 t ! slaves1 z inhabitants1 %\ld h be5 admitt$ into ! c5sus accord+ to _! full numb]1 9 l mann] ) o!r inhabitants1 :o1 by ! policy ( o!r ,/ates1 are n admitt$ to all ! rights ( citiz5s4 ,a rigor\s adh]5ce1 h[ev]1 to ?is pr9ciple is waiv$ by ^? :o w\ld be ga9]s by x4 ,all t !y ask1 is t equal mod]ation be %[n on ! o!r side4 ,let ! case ( ! slaves be consid]$1 z x is 9 tru?1 a peculi> "o4 ,let ! compromis+ exp$i5t ( ! con/itution be annually adopt$1 :i* reg>ds !m z inhabitants1 b z debas$ by s]vitude bel[ ! equal level ( free inhabitants1 :i* reg>ds ! slave z dive/$ ( two-fif?s ( ! man4 ,,debates ,,9 ,,fir/ ,,congress1 ,,may #ac1 #aghi4 ,mr4 ,p>k] 7( ,va47 mov$ to ins]t a clause 9 ! bill1 impos+ a duty on ! importation ( slaves ( t5 doll>s ea* p]son4 ,he 0 sorry t ! con/itution prev5t$ ,congress f prohibit+ ! importation altoge!r2 he ?\ght x a defect 9 t in/rum5t t x all[$ ( su* actions1 x 0 contr>y to ! revolution pr9ciples1 & ought n to be p]mitt$2 b z he c\ld n d all ! good he desir$1 he 0 will+ to d :at lay 9 8 p[]4 ,he hop$ su* a duty z he mov$ = w\ld prev5t1 9 "s degree1 ?is irrational & inhuman traffic2 if s1 he %\ld feel happy f ! success ( 8 motion4 ,mr4 ,smi? 7( ,s\? ,c>ol9a17 hop$ t su* an important & s]i\s proposition z ?is w\ld n be ha/ily adopt$2 x 0 a v late mom5t = ! introduction ( new subjects4 ,he expect$ ! committee _h got ?r\gh ! bus9ess1 & w\ld rise )\t discuss+ any ?+ fur!r2 at lea/1 if g5tlem5 7 det]m9$ on consid]+ ! pres5t motion1 he hop$ !y w\ld delay = a few days1 9 ord] to give "t = an exam9ation ( ! subject4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly a matt] big ) ! mo/ s]i\s consequ5ces to ! ,/ate he repres5t$2 he did n ?9k any "o ?+ t _h be5 discuss$ 0 s important to !m1 & ! welf>e ( ! ,union1 z ! "q n[ br\ght =w>d1 b he 0 n prep>$ to ent] on any argum5t1 & !re=e reque/$ ! motion might ei!r be )drawn or laid on ! table4 ,mr4 ,%]man 7( ,ct47 approv$ ( ! object ( ! motion1 b he did n ?9k ?is bill 0 prop] to embrace ! subject4 ,he c\ld n reconcile himself to ! ins]tion ( human be+s z an article ( duty1 among goods1 w>es & m]*&ise4 ,he hop$ x w\ld be )drawn = ! pres5t1 & tak5 up h]eaft] z an indep5d5t subject4 ,mr4 ,jackson1 7( ,geo47 obs]v+ ! qu>t] f :i* ?is motion came1 said x did n surprise him1 ?\gh x might h t effect on o!rs4 ,he recollect$ t ,virg9ia 0 an old settl$ ,/ate1 & _h h] complem5t ( slaves1 s %e 0 c>eless ( recruit+ h] numb]s by ?is means2 ! natural increase ( h] import$ blacks 7 suffici5t = _! purpose2 b he ?\ght g5tlem5 ought to let _! neighbors get suppli$ be=e !y impos$ su* a bur!n ^u ! importation4 ,he knew ?is bus9ess 0 view$ 9 an odi\s light to ! ,ea/w>d1 because ! p 7 capable ( do+ _! own "w1 & _h no occasion = slaves2 b g5tlem5 w h "s feel+ = o!rs2 !y w n try to ?r[ all ! weight ^u o!rs1 :o h assi/$ 9 light5+ _! burd5s2 !y d n wi% to *>ge u = e com=t & enjoym5t ( life1 & at ! same "t take away ! means ( procur+ !m2 !y d n wi% to break u d[n at once4 ,he 0 conv9c$1 f ! inaptitude ( ! motion1 & ! want ( "t to consid] x1 t ! c&or ( ! g5tleman w\ld induce him to )draw x = ! pres5t2 & if ev] x came =w>d aga91 he hop$ x w\ld compreh5d ! :ite slaves z well z black1 :o 7 import$ f all ! goals ( ,europe2 wret*es1 convict$ ( ! mo/ flagrant crimes1 7 br\ght 9 & sold )\t any duty :atev]4 ,he ?\ght t !y ought to be tax$ equal to ! ,africans1 & _h no d\bt b ! con/itutionality & propriety ( su* a measure 0 equally app>5t z ! "o propos$4 ,mr4 ,tuck] 7( ,s4,c47 ?\ght x unfair to br+ 9 su* an important subject at ! "t :5 debate 0 almo/ preclud$4 ,! committee _h gone ?r\gh ! impo/ bill1 & ! :ole ,union 7 impati5tly expect+ ! result ( _! delib]ations1 ! public mu/ be disappo9t$ & mu* rev5ue lo/1 or ?is "q _c und]go t full discussion :i* x des]ves4 ,we h no "r1 said he1 to consid] :e!r ! importation ( slaves is prop] or n2 ! ,con/itution gives u no p[] on t po9t1 x is left to ! ,/ates to judge ( t matt] z !y see fit4 ,b if x 0 a bus9ess ! g5tleman 0 det]m9$ to disc\rage1 he ought to h br\ght 8 motion =w>d soon]1 & ev5 !n n h introduc$ x )\t previ\s notice4 ,he hop$ ! committee w\ld reject ! motion1 if x 0 n )drawn2 he 0 n speak+ s mu* = ! ,/ate he repres5t$1 z = ,georgia1 because ! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a _h a prohibitory law1 :i* c\ld be r5ew$ :5 its limitation expir$4 ,mr4 ,p>k] 7( ,va417 _h v5tur$ to introduce ! subject aft] full delib]ation1 & did n l to )draw x4 ,al?\gh ! g5tleman f ,connecticut 7,mr4 ,%]man7 _h said1 t !y ought n to be enum]at$ ) goods1 w>es1 & m]*&ise1 he believ$ !y 7 look$ ^u by ! ,african trad]s 9 ?is light1 he knew x 0 degrad+ ! human species to annex t "* to !m2 b he w\ld r d ?is ?an cont9ue ! actual evil ( import+ slaves a mom5t long]4 ,he hop$ ,congress w\ld d all t lay 9 _! p[] to re/ore to human nature its inh]5t privileges1 & if possible wipe (f ! /igma :i* ,am]ica lab\r$ "u4 ,! inconsi/5cy 9 our pr9ciples1 ) :i* we are ju/ly *>g$1 %\ld be done away2 t we may %ew by our actions ! pure b5efic5ce ( ! doctr9e we held out to ! _w 9 our decl>ation ( indep5d5ce4 ,mr4 ,%]man 7( ,ct417 ?\ght ! pr9ciples ( ! motion & ! pr9ciples ( ! bill 7 inconsi/5t2 ! pr9ciple ( ! bill 0 to raise rev5ue1 ! pr9ciple ( ! motion to correct a moral evil4 ,n[1 consid]+ x z an object ( rev5ue1 x w\ld be unju/1 because two or ?ree ,/ates w\ld be> ! :ole bur!n1 :ile he believ$ !y bore _! full proportion ( all ! re/4 ,he 0 aga9/ receiv+ ! motion into ?is bill1 ?\gh he _h no objection to tak+ x up by itself1 on ! pr9ciples ( humanity & policy2 & !re=e w\ld vote aga9/ x if x 0 n )drawn4 ,mr4 ,ames 7( ,mass417 jo9$ ! g5tleman la/ up4 ,no "o c\ld suppose him favorable to slav]y1 he dete/$ x f 8 s\l1 b he _h "s d\bts :e!r impos+ a duty on ! importation1 w\ld n h ! appe>ance ( c\nt5anc+ ! practice2 x 0 c]ta9ly a subject ( "s delicacy1 & no "o appe>$ to be prep>$ = ! discussion1 he !re=e hop$ ! motion w\ld be )drawn4 ,mr4 ,liv]more4 ,0 n aga9/ ! pr9ciple ( ! motion1 b 9 ! pres5t case he conceiv$ x improp]4 ,if negroes 7 goods1 w>es1 or m]*&ise1 !y came )9 ! title ( ! bill2 if !y 7 n1 ! bill w\ld be inconsi/5t3 b if !y are goods1 w>es or m]*&ise1 ! #e p] c5t ad valorum1 w embrace ! importation2 & ! duty ( #e p] c5t is ne>ly equal to #aj doll>s p] head1 s !re is no occasion to add x ev5 on ! score ( rev5ue4 ,mr4 ,jackson 7( ,ga417 said x 0 ! fa%ion ( ! day1 to favor ! lib]ty ( slaves2 he w\ld n g into a discussion ( ! subject1 b he believ$ x 0 capable ( demon/ration t !y 7 bett] (f 9 _! pres5t situation1 ?an !y w\ld be if !y 7 manumitt$2 :at are !y to d if !y are dis*>g$8 ,"w = a liv+8 ,exp]i5ce has %ewn u !y w n4 ,exam9e :at is become ( ^? 9 ,m>yl&1 _m ( !m h be5 set free 9 t ,/ate2 did !y turn !mselves to indu/ry & useful pursuits8 ,no1 !y turn out common pickpockets1 petty l>c5y villa9s2 & is ?is m]cy1 =soo?1 to turn !m into a way 9 :i* !y mu/ lose _! lives1--= :]e !y are ?r[n ^u ! _w1 void ( prop]ty & connections1 !y _c get _! liv+ b by pilf]+4 ,:at is to be done = comp5sation8 ,w ,virg9ia set all h] negroes free8 ,w !y give up ! money !y co/ !m1 & to :om8 ,:5 ?is practice comes to be tri$ !re1 ! s\nd ( lib]ty w lose ^? *>ms :i* make x grateful to ! ravi%$ e>4 ,b our slaves are n 9 a worse situation ?an !y 7 on ! coa/ ( ,africa2 x is n uncommon !re = ! p>5ts to sell _! *ildr5 9 peace2 & 9 w> ! :ole are tak5 & made slaves toge!r4 ,9 ^! cases x is only a *ange ( "o slav]y = ano!r2 & are !y n bett] "h1 :]e !y h a ma/] b\nd by ! ties ( int]e/ & law to provide = _! support & com=t 9 old age1 or infirmity1 9 :i*1 if !y 7 free1 !y w\ld s9k "u ! pressure ( woe = want ( assi/ance4 ,he w\ld say no?+ ( ! p>tiality ( su* a tax1 x 0 admitt$ by ! av[$ fri5ds ( ! measure2 ,georgia 9 p>ticul> w\ld be oppress$4 ,on ?is acc\nt x w\ld be ! mo/ odi\s tax ,congress c\ld impose4 ,mr4 ,s*ureman 7( ,n4,j47 hop$ ! g5tleman w\ld )draw 8 motion1 because ! pres5t 0 n ! "t or place = introduc+ ! bus9ess2 he ?\ght x _h bett] be br\ght =w>d 9 ! ,h\se1 z a di/9ct proposition4 ,if ! g5tleman p]si/$ 9 hav+ ! "q det]m9$1 he w\ld move ! previ\s "q if he 0 support$4 ,mr4 ,madison1 7( ,va47 ,i _c concur ) g5tlem5 :o ?9k ! pres5t an improp] "t or place to ent] into a discussion ( ! propos$ motion2 if x is tak5 up 9 a sep>ate view1 we %all d ! same ?+ at a great] exp5se ( "t4 ,b ! g5tlem5 say t x is improp] to connect ! two objects1 because !y d n come )9 ! title ( ! bill4 ,b ?is objection may be obviat$ by accommodat+ ! title to ! cont5ts2 !re may be "s inconsi/5cy 9 comb9+ ! ideas :i* g5tlem5 h express$1 t is1 consid]+ ! human race z a species ( prop]ty2 b ! evil does n arise f adopt+ ! clause n[ propos$1 x is f ! importation to :i* x relates4 ,our object 9 enum]at+ p]sons on pap] ) m]*&ise1 is to prev5t ! practice ( actually treat+ !m z su*1 by hav+ !m1 9 future1 =m+ "p ( ! c>goes ( goods1 w>es1 & m]*&ise to be import$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! motion is calculat$ to avoid ! v evil intimat$ by ! g5tleman4 ,x has be5 said t ?is tax w be p>tial & oppressive2 b suppose a fair view is tak5 ( ?is subject1 ,i ?9k we may =m a diff]5t conclusion4 ,b if x be p>tial or oppressive1 are !re n _m in/ances 9 :i* we h laid taxes ( ?is nature8 ,yet are !y n ?\ght to be ju/ifi$ by national policy8 ,if any article is w>rant$ on ?is acc\nt1 h[ mu* m are we au?oriz$ to proce$ on ?is occasion8 ,! dictates ( humanity1 ! pr9ciples ( ! p1 ! national safety & happ9ess1 & prud5t policy requires x ( u2 ! con/itution has p>ticul>ly call$ our att5tion to x--& ( all ! articles conta9$ 9 ! bill be=e u1 ?is is "o ( ! la/ ,i %\ld be will+ to make a concession ^u s f> z ,i 0 at lib]ty to g1 accord+ to ! t]ms ( ! con/itution or pr9ciples ( ju/ice--,i w\ld n h x und]/ood t my zeal w\ld c>ry me to disobey ! inviolable comm&s ( ei!r4 ,i und]/ood x _h be5 intimat$1 t ! motion 0 inconsi/5t or uncon/itutional4 ,i believe1 sir1 my wor?y colleague has =m$ ! words ) a p>ticul> ref]5ce to ! con/itution2 any h[1 s f> z ! duty is express$1 x p]fectly accords ) t in/rum5t2 if !re are any inconsi/5cies 9 x1 !y may be rectifi$2 ,i believe ! int5tion is well und]/ood1 b ,i am f> f suppos+ ! diction improp]4 ,if ! description ( ! p]sons does n accord ) ! ideas ( ! g5tleman f ,georgia1 7,mr4 ,jackson17 & 8 idea is a prop] "o = ! committee to adopt1 ,i see no difficulty 9 *ang+ ! phraseology4 ,i conceive ! con/itution1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 0 =m$ 9 ord] t ! gov]nm5t1 :il/ x 0 re/ra9$ f lay+ a total prohibition1 might be able to give "s te/imony ( ! s5se ( ,am]ica1 ) respect to ! ,african trade4 ,we h lib]ty to impose a tax or duty ^u ! importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit2 & ?is lib]ty 0 grant$1 ,i presume1 ^u two consid]ations--! fir/ 01 t until ! "t arriv$ :5 !y might aboli% ! importation ( slaves1 !y might h an opportunity ( evid5c+ _! s5tim5ts1 on ! policy & humanity ( su* a trade2 ! o!r 0 t !y might be tax$ 9 due proportion ) o!r articles import$2 = if ! possessor w consid] !m z prop]ty1 ( c\rse !y are ( value & ought to be paid =4 ,if g5tlem5 are appreh5sive ( oppression f ! weight ( ! tax1 let !m make an e/imate ( its proportion1 & !y w f9d t x v little exce$s five p] c5t1 ad valorem1 s t !y w ga9 v little by hav+ !m ?r[n into t mass ( articles1 :il/ by select+ !m 9 ! mann] propos$1 we %all fulfil ! prevail+ expectation ( our fell[ citiz5s1 & p]=m our duty 9 execut+ ! purposes ( ! con/itution4 ,x is to be hop$ t by express+ a national disapprobation ( ?is trade1 we may de/roy x1 & save ourselves f reproa*es1 & our po/]ity ! imbecility ev] att5dant on a c\ntry fill$ ) slaves4 ,i d n wi% to say any ?+ h>%1 to ! he>+ ( g5tlem5 :o ent]ta9 diff]5t s5tim5ts f me1 or diff]5t s5tim5ts f ^? ,i repres5t2 b if !re is any "o po9t 9 :i* x is cle>ly ! policy ( ?is nation1 s f> z we con/itutionally c1 to v>y ! practice obta9+ "u "s ( ! ,/ate gov]nm5ts1 x is ?is2 b x is c]ta9 a majority ( ! ,/ates are oppos$ to ?is practice1 !re=e1 ^u pr9ciple1 we ought to disc\nt5ance x z f> z is 9 our p[]4 ,if ,i 0 n afraid ( be+ told t ! repres5tatives ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 are ! be/ able to judge ( :at is prop] & conducive to _! p>ticul> prosp]ity1 ,i %\ld v5ture to say t x is z mu* ! int]e/ ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 z ( any 9 ! ,union4 ,e addition !y receive to _! numb] ( slaves1 t5ds to weak5 !m & r5d]s !m less capable ( self def5ce4 ,9 case ( ho/ilities ) =eign nations1 !y w be ! means ( invit+ attack in/ead ( repell+ invasion4 ,x is a necess>y duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to protect e "p ( ! empire aga9/ dang]1 z well int]nal z ext]nal2 e ?+ !re=e :i* t5ds to increase ?is dang]1 ?\gh x may be a local affair1 yet if x involves national exp5se or safety1 becomes ( conc]n to e "p ( ! ,union1 & is a prop] subject = ! consid]ation ( ^? *>g$ ) ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,i hope1 9 mak+ ^! obs]vations1 ,i %all n be und]/ood to mean t a prop] att5tion ought n to be paid to ! local op9ions & circum/ances ( any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or t ! p>ticul> repres5tatives are n be/ able to judge ( ! s5se ( _! imm$iate con/itu5ts4 ,if we exam9e ! proposal measure by ! agreem5t !re is betwe5 x1 & ! exi/+ ,/ate laws1 x w %[ u t x is patroniz$ by a v respectable "p ( ! ,union4 ,i am in=m$ t ,s\? ,c>ol9a has prohibit$ ! importation ( slaves = sev]al ye>s yet to come2 we h ! satisfaction !n ( reflect+ t we d no?+ m ?an _! own laws d at ?is mom5t4 ,?is is n ! case ) "o ,/ate4 ,i am sorry t h] situation is su* z to seem to require a population ( ?is nature1 b x is impossible 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 to consult ! national good )\t do+ :at we d n wi% to d1 to "s p>ticul> "p4 ,p]haps g5tlem5 cont5d aga9/ ! introduction ( ! clause1 on too slight gr\nds4 ,if x does n con=m ) ! title ( ! bill1 alt] ! latt]2 if x does n con=m to ! precise t]ms ( ! con/itution1 am5d x4 ,b if x w t5d to delay ! :ole bill1 t p]haps w be ! be/ reason = mak+ x ! object ( a sep>ate "o4 ,if ?is is ! s5se ( ! committee ,i %all submit4 ,mr4 ,g]ry 7( ,mass47 ?\ght all duties ought to be laid z equal z possible4 ,he _h endeavor$ to en=ce ?is pr9ciple ye/]day1 b )\t ! success he wi%$ =1 he 0 b\nd by ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice !re=e to vote = ! proposition2 b if ! committee 7 desir\s ( consid]+ ! subject fully by itself1 he _h no objection1 b he ?\ght :5 g5tlem5 laid d[n a pr9ciple1 !y ought to support x g5]ally4 ,mr4 ,burke 7( ,s4,c47 said1 g5tlem5 7 cont5d+ = no?+2 t ! value ( a slave av]ag$ ab\t #hj1 & ! duty on t sum at five p] c5t1 w\ld be t5 doll>s1 z congress c\ld g no f>!r ?an t sum1 he conceiv$ x made n diff]5ce :e!r !y 7 enum]at$ or left 9 ! common mass4 ,mr4 ,madison1 7( ,va47 ,if we cont5d = no?+1 ! g5tlem5 :o are oppos$ to u d n cont5d = a great deal2 b ! "q is1 :e!r ! five p]c5t ad valorem1 on all articles import$1 w h any op]ation at all ^u ! introduction ( slaves1 unless we make a p>ticul> enum]ation on ?is acc\nt2 ! collector may mi/ake1 = he w\ld n presume to apply ! t]m goods1 w>es1 & m]*&ise to any p]son :atsoev]4 ,b if t g5]al def9ition ( goods1 w>es1 & m]*&ise are suppos$ to include ,african ,slaves1 :y may we n p>ticul>ly enum]ate !m1 & lay ! duty po9t$ out by ! ,con/itution1 :i*1 z g5tlem5 tell u1 is no m ?an five p] c5t ^u _! value2 ?is w n increase ! burd5 ^u any1 b x w be t manife/ation ( our s5se1 expect$ by our con/itu5ts1 & dem&$ by ju/ice & humanity4 ,mr4 ,bl& 7( ,va47 _h no d\bt ( ! propriety or good policy ( ?is measure4 ,he _h made up 8 m9d ^u x1 he wi%$ slaves _h nev] be5 introduc$ into ,am]ica2 b if x 0 impossible at ?is "t to cure ! evil1 he 0 v will+ to jo9 9 any measures t w\ld prev5t its ext5d+ f>!r4 ,he _h "s d\bts :e!r ! prohibitory laws ( ! ,/ates 7 n 9 "p repeal$4 ,^? :o _h endeavor$ to disc\nt5ance ?is trade1 by lay+ a duty on ! importation1 7 prev5t$ by ! ,con/itution f cont9u+ su* regulation1 :i* decl>es1 t no ,/ate %all lay any impo/ or duties on imports4 ,if ?is 0 ! case1 & he suspect$ pretty /rongly t x 01 ! necessity ( adopt+ ! proposition ( 8 colleague 0 n app>5t4 ,mr4 ,%]man 7( ,ct47 said1 ! ,con/itution does n consid] ^! p]sons z a species ( prop]ty2 x speaks ( !m z p]sons1 & says1 t a tax or duty may be impos$ on ! importation ( !m into any ,/ate :i* %all p]mit ! same1 b !y h no p[] to prohibit su* importation = tw5ty ye>s4 ,b ,congress h p[] to decl>e ^u :at t]ms p]sons com+ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be entitl$ to citiz5%ip2 ! rule ( naturalization mu/ h[ev] be uni=m4 ,he 0 conv9c$ !re 7 o!rs ought to be regulat$ 9 ?is p>ticul>1 ! importation ( :om 0 ( an evil t5d5cy1 he meant convicts p>ticul>ly4 ,he ?\ght t "s regulation respect+ !m 0 also prop]2 b x be+ a diff]5t subject1 x ought to be tak5 up 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,mr4 ,madison 7( ,va47 0 l$ to believe1 f ! obs]vation t _h fell f ! g5tlem51 t x w\ld be be/ to make ?is ! subject ( a di/9ct bill3 he !re=e wi%$ 8 colleague w\ld )draw 8 motion1 & move 9 ! h\se = leave to br+ 9 a bill on ! same pr9ciples4 ,mr4 ,p>k] 7( ,va47 cons5t$ to )draw 8 motion1 "u a conviction t ! h\se 0 fully satisfi$ ( its propriety4 ,he knew v well t ^! p]sons 7 nei!r goods1 nor w>es1 b !y 7 treat$ z articles ( m]*&ise4 ,al?\gh he wi%$ to get rid ( ?is "p ( 8 prop]ty1 yet he %\ld n cons5t to deprive o!r p ( !irs by any act ( 8 )\t _! cons5t4 ,! committee rose1 report$ progress1 & ! h\se adj\rn$4 ,,febru>y #aa?1 #agij4 ,mr4 ,lawrance 7( ,new ,york17 pres5t$ an address f ! society ( ,fri5ds1 9 ! ,city ( ,new ,york2 9 :i* !y set =? _! desire ( co-op]at+ ) _! ,s\!rn bre?r54 ,mr4 ,h>tley 7( ,p5n47 !n mov$ to ref] ! address ( ! annual assembly ( ,fri5ds1 held at ,philadelphia1 to a committee2 he ?\ght x a m>k ( respect due s num]\s & respectable a "p ( ! community4 ,mr4 ,:ite 7( ,va47 second$ ! motion4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 7( ,s4,c47 ,h[ev] respectable ! petition]s may be1 ,i hope g5tlem5 w consid] t o!rs equally respectable are oppos$ to ! object :i* is aim$ at1 & are entitl$ to an opportunity ( be+ he>d be=e ! "q is det]m9$4 ,i flatt] myself g5tlem5 w n press ! po9t ( commitm5t to-day1 x be+ contr>y to our usual mode ( proc$ure4 ,mr4 ,fitzsimons1 7( ,p5n47 ,if we 7 n[ ab\t to det]m9e ! f9al "q1 ! obs]vation ( ! g5tleman f ,s\? ,c>ol9a w\ld apply2 b1 sir1 ! pres5t "q does n t\* ^u ! m]its ( ! case2 x is m]ely to ref] ! memorial to a committee1 to consid] :at is prop] to be done2 g5tlem51 !re=e1 :o d n mean to oppose ! commitm5t to-morr[1 may z well agree to x to-day1 because x w t5d to save ! "t ( ! h\se4 ,mr4 ,jackson 7( ,geo47 wi%$ to "k :y ! second read+ 0 to be cont5d$ = to-day1 :5 x 0 div]t+ ! att5tion ( ! memb]s f ! great object t 0 be=e ! committee ( ! :ole8 ,is x because ! feel+s ( ! ,fri5ds w be hurt1 to h _! affair conduct$ 9 ! usual c\rse ( bus9ess8 ,g5tlem5 :o advocate ! second read+ to-day1 %\ld respect ! feel+s ( ! memb]s :o repres5t t "p ( ! ,union :i* is pr9cipally to be affect$ by ! measure4 ,i believe1 sir1 t ! latt] class consi/s ( z useful & z good citiz5s z ! petition]s1 m5 equally fri5ds to ! revolution1 & equally susceptible ( ! ref9$ s5sations ( humanity & b5evol5ce4 ,:y !n %\ld su* p>ticul> att5tion be paid to !m1 = br++ =w>d a bus9ess ( que/ionable policy8 ,if ,congress are dispos$ to int]f]e 9 ! importation ( slaves1 !y c take ! subject up )\t advis]s1 because ! ,con/itution expressly m5tions all ! p[] !y c ex]cise on ! subject4 ,mr4 ,%]man 7( ,conn47 sugge/$ ! idea ( ref]r+ x to a committee1 to consi/ ( a memb] f ea* ,/ate1 because sev]al ,/ates _h already made "s regulations on ?is subject4 ,! soon] ! subject 0 tak5 up he ?\ght x w\ld be ! bett]4 ,mr4 ,p>k]1 7( ,va47 ,i hope1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 ! petition ( ^! respectable p1 w be att5d$ to ) all ! read9ess ! importance ( its object dem&s3 & ,i _c help express+ ! pleasure ,i feel 9 f9d+ s consid]able a "p ( ! community att5d+ to matt]s ( su* mom5t\s conc]n to ! future prosp]ity & happ9ess ( ! p ( ,am]ica4 ,i ?9k x my duty1 z a citiz5 ( ! ,union1 to esp\se _! cause2 & x is incumb5t ^u e memb] ( ?is h\se to sift ! subject well1 & asc]ta9 :at c be done to re/ra9 a practice s nef>i\s4 ,! ,con/itution has au?oriz$ z to levy a tax ^u ! importation ( su* p]sons z ! ,/ates %all au?orize to be admitt$4 ,i w\ld will+ly g to t ext5t2 & if any ?+ fur!r c be devis$ to disc\nt5ance ! trade1 consi/5t ) ! t]ms ( ! ,con/itution1 ,i %all *e]fully give x my ass5t & support4 ,mr4 ,madison1 7( ,va47 ,! g5tleman f ,p5nsylvania1 7,mr4 ,fitzsimons7 has put ?is "q on its prop] gr\nd4 ,if g5tlem5 d n mean to oppose ! commitm5t to-morr[1 !y may z well acquiesce 9 x to-day2 & ,i appreh5d g5tlem5 ne$ n be al>m$ at any measure x is likely ,congress %\ld take2 because !y w recollect1 t ! ,con/itution secures to ! individual ,/ates ! "r ( admitt+1 if !y ?9k prop]1 ! importation ( slaves into _! own t]ritory1 = eighte5 ye>s yet unexpir$2 subject1 h[ev]1 to a tax1 if ,congress are dispos$ to impose x1 ( n m ?an t5 doll>s on ea* p]son4 ,! petition1 if ,i mi/ake n1 speaks ( artifices us$ by self-int]e/$ p]sons to c>ry on ?is trade2 & ! petition f ,new ,york /ates a case1 t may require ! consid]ation ( ,congress4 ,if any?+ is )9 ! ,f$]al au?ority to re/ra9 su* violation ( ! rights ( nations1 & ( mank9d1 z is suppos$ to be practis$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates x w c]ta9ly t5d to ! int]e/ & honor ( ! community to attempt a rem$y1 & is a prop] subject = our discussion4 ,x may be1 t =eign]s take ! advantage ( ! lib]ty af=d$ !m by ! ,am]ican trade1 to employ our %ipp+ 9 ! slave trade betwe5 ,africa & ! ,we/ ,indies1 :5 !y are re/ra9$ f employ+ _! own by re/rictive laws ( _! nation4 ,if ?is is ! case1 is !re any p]son ( humanity t w\ld n wi% to prev5t !m8 ,ano!r consid]ation :y we %\ld commit ! petition is1 t we may give no gr\nd ( al>m by a s]i\s opposition1 z if we 7 ab\t to take measures t 7 uncon/itutional4 ,mr4 ,/one 7( ,md47 fe>$ t if ,congress took any measures1 indicative ( an int5tion to int]f]e ) ! k9d ( prop]ty allud$ to1 x w\ld s9k x 9 value v consid]ably1 & might be injuri\s to a great numb] ( ! citiz5s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,he ?\ght ! subject 0 ( g5]al conc]n1 & t ! petition]s _h no m "r to int]f]e ) x ?an any o!r memb]s ( ! community4 ,x 0 an un=tunate circum/ance1 t x 0 ! prop]ty ( sects to imag9e !y und]/ood ! rights ( human nature lett] ?an all ! _w beside2 & t !y w\ld1 9 consequ5ce1 be m$dl+ ) conc]ns 9 :i* !y _h no?+ to d4 ,z ! petition relates to a subject ( a g5]al nature1 x ought to lie on ! table1 z in=mation2 he w\ld nev] cons5t to ref] petitions1 unless ! petition]s 7 exclusively int]e/$4 ,suppose !re 0 a petition to come be=e u f a society1 pray+ u to be hone/ 9 our transactions1 or t we %\ld adm9i/] ! ,con/itution accord+ to its int5tion--:at w\ld y d ) a petition ( ?is k9d8 ,c]ta9ly x w\ld rema9 on y\r table4 ,he w\ld1 nev]!less1 n h x suppos$1 t ! p _h n a "r to advise & give _! op9ion ^u public measures2 b he w\ld n be influ5c$ by t advice or op9ion1 to take up a subject soon] ?an ! conv5i5ce ( o!r bus9ess w\ld admit4 ,unless he *ang$ 8 s5tim5ts1 he w\ld oppose ! commitm5t4 ,mr4 ,burke 7( ,s4,c47 ?\ght g5tlem5 7 pay+ att5tion to :at did n des]ve x4 ,! m5 9 ! gall]y _h come "h to m$dle 9 a bus9ess ) :i* !y h no?+ to d2 !y 7 volunte]+ x 9 ! cause ( o!rs1 :o nei!r expect$ nor desir$ x4 ,he _h a respect = ! body ( ,quak]s1 b1 nev]!less1 he did n believe !y _h m virtue1 or religion1 ?an o!r p1 nor p]haps s mu*1 if !y 7 exam9$ to ! bottom1 not)/&+ _! outw>d pret5ces4 ,if _! petition is to be notic$1 ,congress ought to wait till c\nt] applications 7 made1 & !n !y might h ! subject m fairly be=e !m4 ,! rights ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ought n to be ?reat5$1 & _! prop]ty endang]$1 to please p :o 7 to be unaffect$ by ! consequ5ces4 ,mr4 ,h>tley 7( ,p5n47 ?\ght ! memoriali/s did n des]ve to be asp]s$ = _! conduct1 if influ5c$ by motives ( b5ignity1 !y solicit$ ! ,legislature ( ! ,union to repel1 z f> z 9 _! p[]1 ! increase ( a lic5ti\s traffic4 ,nor d !y m]it c5sure1 because _! behavior has ! appe>ance ( m morality ?an o!r p's4 ,b x is n = ,congress to refuse to he> ! applications ( _! fell[-citiz5s1 :ile ^? applications conta9 no?+ uncon/itutional or (f5sive4 ,:at is ! object ( ! address be=e u8 ,x is int5d$ to br+ be=e ?is ,h\se a subject ( great importance to ! cause ( humanity2 !re are c]ta9 facts to be enquir$ into1 & ! memoriali/s are ready to give all ! in=mation 9 _! p[]2 !y are wait+1 at a great di/ance f _! homes1 & wi% to return2 if1 !n1 x w be prop] to commit ! petition to-morr[1 x w be equally prop] to-day1 = x is con=mable to our practice1 beside1 x w t5d to _! conv5i5cy4 ,mr4 ,lawrance1 7( ,n4,y47 ,! ,g5tleman f ,s\? ,c>ol9a says1 ! petition]s are ( a society n kn[n 9 ! laws or ,con/itution4 ,sir1 9 all our acts1 z well z 9 ! ,con/itution1 we h notic$ ?is ,society2 or :y is x t we admit !m to affirm1 9 cases :]e o!rs are call$ ^u to swe>8 ,if we pay ?is att5tion to !m1 9 "o in/ance1 :at good reason is !re = condemn+ !m 9 ano!r8 ,i ?9k ! g5tleman f ,m>yl& 7,mr4 ,/one17 c>ries 8 appreh5sions too f>1 :5 he fe>s t negro-prop]ty w fall 9 value1 by ! suppression ( ! slave-trade3 n t ,i suppose x imm$iately 9 ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% a traffic :i* is a disgrace to human nature2 b x appe>s to me1 t1 if ! importation 0 cru%$1 ! value ( a slave w\ld be increas$ in/ead ( dim9i%$2 h[ev]1 consid]ations ( ?is k9d h no?+ to d ) ! pres5t "q2 g5tlem5 may acquiesce 9 ! commitm5t ( ! memorial1 )\t pl$g+ !mselves to support its object4 ,mr4 ,jackson1 7( ,ga47 ,i diff] mu* 9 op9ion ) ! g5tleman la/ up4 ,i appreh5d if1 ?r\gh ! int]f]5ce ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 ! slave-trade 0 aboli%$1 x w\ld ev9ce to ! p a disposition t[>d a total emancipation1 & !y w\ld hold _! prop]ty 9 jeop>dy4 ,any extraord9>y att5tion ( ,congress to ?is petition may h1 9 "s degree1 a simil> effect4 ,i w\ld beg to ask ^?1 !n1 :o are s desir\s ( free+ ! negroes1 if !y h funds suffici5t to pay = !m8 ,if !y h1 !y may come =w>d on t bus9ess ) "s propriety2 b1 if !y h n1 !y %\ld keep !mselves quiet1 & n int]f]e ) a bus9ess 9 :i* !y are n int]e/$4 ,!y may z well come =w>d1 & solicit ,congress to int]dict ! ,we/-,india trade1 because x is injuri\s to ! morals ( mank9d2 f !nce we import rum1 :i* has a debas+ influ5ce ^u ! consum]4 ,b1 sir1 is ! :ole morality ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates conf9$ to ! ,quak]s8 ,are !y ! only p ^: feel+s are to be consult$ on ?is occasion8 ,is x to !m we owe our pres5t happ9ess8 ,0 x !y :o =m$ ! ,con/itution8 ,did !y1 by _! arms1 or contributions1 e/abli% our indep5d5ce8 ,i believe !y 7 g5]ally oppos$ to t measure4 ,:y1 !n1 on _! application1 %all we injure m51 :o1 at ! risk ( _! lives & =tunes1 secur$ to ! community _! lib]ty & prop]ty8 ,if ,congress pay any uncommon degree ( att5tion to _! petition1 x w furni% j gr\nd ( al>m to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,b1 :y d ^! m5 set !mselves up1 9 su* a p>ticul> mann]1 aga9/ slav]y8 ,d !y und]/& ! rights ( mank9d1 & ! disposition ( ,provid5ce bett] ?an o!rs8 ,if !y 7 to consult t ,book :i* claims our reg>d1 !y w f9d t slav]y is n only all[$1 b comm5d$4 ,_! ,savi\r1 :o possess$ m b5evol5ce & commis]ation ?an !y pret5d to1 has all[$ ( x4 ,& if !y fully exam9e ! subject1 !y w f9d t slav]y has be5 no novel doctr9e s9ce ! days ( ,ca94 ,b be ^! ?+s z !y may1 ,i hope ! h\se w ord] ! petition to lie on ! table1 9 ord] to prev5t al>m+ our ,s\!rn bre?r54 ,mr4 ,s$gwick1 7( ,mass47 ,if x 0 a s]i\s "q1 :e!r ! ,memorial %\ld be committ$ or n1 ,i w\ld n urge x at ?is "t2 b t _c be a "q = a mom5t1 if we consid] our relative situation ) ! p4 ,a numb] ( m51--:o are c]ta9ly v respectable1 & ( :om1 z a society1 x may be said ) tru?1 t !y con=m _! moral conduct to _! religi\s t5ets1 z mu* z any p 9 ! :ole community1--come =w>d & tell y1 t y may effect two objects by ! ex]cise ( a ,con/itutional au?ority :i* w give great satisfaction2 on ! "o h& y may acquire rev5ue1 & on ! o!r1 re/ra9 a practice productive ( great evil4 ,n[1 sett+ aside ! religi\s motives :i* influ5c$ _! application1 h !y n a "r1 z citiz5s1 to give _! op9ion ( public measures8 ,= my "p ,i d n appreh5d t any ,/ate1 or any consid]able numb] ( individuals 9 any ,/ate1 w be s]i\sly al>m$ at ! commitm5t ( ! petition1 f a fe> t ,congress int5d to ex]cise an uncon/itutional au?ority1 9 ord] to violate _! rights2 ,i believe !re is n a wi% ( ! k9d ent]ta9$ by any memb] ( ?is body4 ,h[ c g5tlem5 hesitate !n to pay t respect to a memorial :i* x is entitl$ to1 accord+ to ! ord9>y mode ( proc$ure 9 bus9ess8 ,:y %all we def] do+ t till to-morr[1 :i* we c d to-day8 = ! result1 ,i appreh5d1 w be ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 7( ,s4,c47 ,! "q1 ,i appreh5d1 is1 :e!r we w take ! petition up = a second read+1 & n :e!r x %all be committ$8 ,n[1 ,i oppose ?is1 because x is contr>y to our usual practice1 & does n all[ g5tlem5 "t to consid] ( ! m]its ( ! pray]2 p]haps "s g5tlem5 may ?9k x improp] to commit x to s l>ge a committee z has be5 m5tion$2 a v>iety ( causes may be suppos$ to %[ t su* a ha/y decision is improp]2 p]haps ! pray] ( x is improp]4 ,if ,i und]/ood x "r1 on its fir/ read+1 ?\gh1 to be sure1 ,i did n compreh5d p]fectly all t ! petition conta9$1 x prays t we %\ld take measures = ! abolition ( ! slave trade2 ?is is desir+ an uncon/itutional act1 because ! con/itution secures t trade to ! ,/ates1 indep5d5t ( congressional re/rictions1 = ! t]m ( tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,if1 !re=e1 x prays = a violation ( con/itutional rights1 x ought to be reject$1 z an attempt ^u ! virtue & patriotism ( ! h\se4 ,mr4 ,b\d9ot1 7( ,n4,j47 ,x has be5 said t ! ,quak]s h no "r to int]f]e 9 ?is bus9ess2 ,i am surpris$ to he> ?is doctr9e advanc$1 aft] x has be5 s lately cont5d$1 & settl$1 t ! p h a "r to assemble & petition = r$ress ( grievances2 x is n because ! petition comes f ! society ( ,quak]s t ,i am 9 favor ( ! commitm5t1 b because x comes f citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :o are z equally conc]n$ 9 ! welf>e & happ9ess ( _! c\ntry z o!rs4 ,!re c]ta9ly is no f\ndation = ! appreh5sions :i* seem to prevail 9 g5tlem5's m9ds4 ,if ! petition]s 7 s un9=m$ z to suppose t congress c\ld be guilty ( a violation ( ! con/itution1 yet1 ,i tru/ we "k our duty bett] ?an to be l$ a/ray by an application f any man1 or set ( m5 :atev]4 ,i d n consid] ! m]its ( ! ma9 "q to be be=e u2 x w be "t en\gh to give our op9ions ^u t1 :5 ! committee h report$4 ,if x is 9 our p[]1 by recomm5dation1 or any o!r way1 to put a /op to ! slave-trade 9 ,am]ica1 ,i d n d\bt ( its policy2 b h[ f> ! con/itution w au?orize u to attempt to depress x1 w be a "q well wor?y ( our consid]ation4 ,mr4 ,%]man 7( ,conn47 obs]v$1 t ! petition]s f ,new ,york1 /at$ t !y _h appli$ to ! legislature ( t ,/ate1 to prohibit c]ta9 practices :i* !y conceiv$ to be improp]1 & :i* t5d$ to injure ! well-be+ ( ! community2 t ! legislature _h consid]$ ! application1 b _h appli$ no rem$y1 because !y suppos$ t p[] 0 exclusively ve/$ 9 ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 "u ! con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 x w\ld1 !re=e1 be prop] to commit t petition1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :at 7 ! p[]s ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 9 ! case d\bt$ by ! legislature ( ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,g]ry 7( ,mass47 ?\ght g5tlem5 7 out ( ord] 9 ent]+ ^u ! m]its ( ! ma9 "q at ?is "t1 :5 !y 7 consid]+ ! exp$i5cy ( committ+ ! petition2 he %\ld1 !re=e1 n[ foll[ !m fur!r 9 t track ?an b>ely to obs]ve1 t x 0 ! "r ( ! citiz5s to apply = r$ress1 9 e case !y conceiv$ !mselves aggriev$ 92 & x 0 ! duty ( congress to af=d r$ress z f> z 9 _! p[]4 ,t _! ,s\!rn bre?r5 _h be5 betray$ into ! slave-trade by ! fir/ settl]s1 0 to be lam5t$2 !y 7 n to be reflect$ on = n view+ ?is subject 9 a diff]5t light1 ! prejudice ( education is eradicat$ ) difficulty2 b he ?\ght no?+ w\ld excuse ! g5]al gov]nm5t = n ex]t+ itself to prev5t1 z f> z !y con/itutionally c\ld1 ! evils result+ f su* enormities z 7 allud$ to by ! petition]s2 & ! same consid]ations induc$ him highly to comm5d ! "p ! society ( ,fri5ds _h tak52 x 0 ! cause ( humanity !y _h int]e/$ !mselves 91 & he wi%$1 ) !m1 to see measures pursu$ by e nation1 to wipe (f ! indelible /a9 :i* ! slave-trade _h br\ght ^u all :o 7 conc]n$ 9 x4 ,mr4 ,madison 7( ,va47 ?\ght ! "q be=e ! committee 0 no o!rwise important ?an z g5tlem5 made x s by _! s]i\s opposition4 ,did !y p]mit ! commitm5t ( ! ,memorial1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 no notice w\ld be tak5 ( x out ( doors2 x c\ld nev] be bl[n up into a decision ( ! "q respect+ ! disc\ragem5t ( ! ,african slave-trade1 nor al>m ! own]s ) an appreh5sion t ! g5]al gov]nm5t 7 ab\t to aboli% slav]y 9 all ! ,/ates2 su* ?+s are n contemplat$ by any g5tleman2 b1 to appe>ance1 !y decide ! "q m aga9/ !mselves ?an w\ld be ! case if x 0 det]m9$ on its real m]its1 because g5tlem5 may be dispos$ to vote = ! commitm5t ( a petition1 )\t any int5tion ( support+ ! pray] ( x4 ,mr4 ,:ite 7( ,va47 w\ld n h second$ ! motion1 if he _h ?\ght x w\ld h br\ght on a l5g?y debate4 ,he conceiv$ t a bus9ess ( ?is k9d ought to be decid$ )\t mu* discussion2 x _h con/antly be5 ! practice ( ! h\se1 & he did n suppose !re 0 any reason = a deviation4 ,mr4 ,page 7( ,va47 said1 if ! memorial _h be5 pres5t$ by any individual1 in/ead ( ! respectable body x 01 he %\ld h vot$ 9 favor ( a commitm5t1 because x 0 ! duty ( ! legislature to att5d to subjects br\ght be=e !m by _! con/itu5ts2 if1 ^u inquiry1 x 0 discov]$ to be improp] to comply ) ! pray] ( ! petition]s1 he w\ld say s1 & !y w\ld be satisfi$4 ,mr4 ,/one 7( ,md47 ?\ght ! bus9ess ought to be left to take its usual c\rse2 by ! rules ( ! h\se1 x 0 expressly decl>$1 t petitions1 memorials1 & o!r pap]s1 address$ to ! h\se1 %\ld n be debat$ or decid$ on ! day !y 7 fir/ read4 ,mr4 ,baldw9 7( ,ga47 felt at a loss to acc\nt :y precipitation 0 us$ on ?is occasion1 contr>y to ! cu/om>y usage ( ! h\se2 he _h n he>d a s+le reason advanc$ 9 favor ( x4 ,to be sure x 0 said ! petition]s are a respectable body ( m5--he did n d5y x--b1 c]ta9ly1 g5tlem5 did n suppose !y 7 pay+ respect to !m1 or to ! h\se1 :5 !y urg$ su* a ha/y proc$ure2 anyh[ x 0 contr>y to 8 idea ( respect1 & ! idea ! h\se _h always express$1 :5 !y _h important subjects "u consid]ation2 &1 !re=e1 he %\ld be aga9/ ! motion4 ,he 0 afraid t !re 0 really a little volunte]+ 9 ?is bus9ess1 z x _h be5 t]m$ by ! g5tleman f ,georgia4 ,mr4 ,hunt+ton 7( ,conn47 consid]$ ! petition]s z mu* dis9t]e/$ z any p]son 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 he 0 p]suad$ !y _h an av]sion to slav]y2 yet !y 7 n s+ul> 9 ?is1 o!rs _h ! same2 & he hop$ :5 congress took up ! subject1 !y w\ld g z f> z possible to prohibit ! evil compla9$ (4 ,b he ?\ght t w\ld bett] be done by consid]+ x 9 ! light ( rev5ue4 ,:5 ! committee ( ! :ole1 on ! f9ance bus9ess1 came to ! ways & means1 x might prop]ly be tak5 into consid]ation1 )\t giv+ any gr\nd = al>m4 ,mr4 ,tuck]1 7( ,s4,c47 ,i h no d\bt on my m9d respect+ :at ought to be done on ?is occasion2 s f> f committ+ ! memorial1 we ought to dismiss x )\t fur!r notice4 ,:at is ! purport ( ! memorial8 ,x is pla9ly ?is2 to reprobate a p>ticul> k9d ( comm]ce1 9 a moral view1 & to reque/ ! int]position ( congress to effect its abrogation4 ,b congress h no au?ority1 "u ! con/itution1 to d m ?an lay a duty ( t5 doll>s ^u ea* p]son import$2 & ?is is a political consid]ation1 n aris+ f ei!r religion or morality1 & is ! only pr9ciple ^u :i* we c proce$ to take x up4 ,b :at effect d ^! m5 suppose w arise f _! ex]tions8 ,w a duty ( t5 doll>s dim9i% ! importation8 ,w ! treatm5t be bett] ?an usual8 ,i appreh5d x w n1 nay1 x may be worse4 ,because an int]f]5ce ) ! subject may excite a great degree ( re/lessness 9 ! m9ds ( ^? x is int5d$ to s]ve1 & t may be a cause = ! ma/]s to use m rigor t[>ds !m1 ?an !y w\ld o!rwise ex]t2 s t ^! m5 seem to ov]%oot _! object4 ,b if !y w endeavor to procure ! abolition ( ! slave-trade1 let !m pref] _! petitions to ! ,/ate legislatures1 :o alone h ! p[] ( =bidd+ ! importation2 ,i believe _! applications !re w\ld be improp]2 b if !y are any :]e prop]1 x is !re4 ,i look ^u ! address !n to be ill-judg$1 h[ev] good ! int5tion ( ! fram]s4 ,mr4 ,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 claim$ x z a "r1 t ! petition %\ld lay ov] till to-morr[4 ,mr4 ,b\d9or 7( ,n4,j47 said x 0 n unusual to commit petitions on ! day !y 7 pres5t$2 & ! rules ( ! h\se admitt$ ! practice1 by ! qualification :i* foll[$ ! positive ord]1 t petitions %\ld n be decid$ on ! day !y 7 fir/ read1 unless :]e ! h\se %all direct o!rwise4 ,mr4 ,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 decl>$ 8 int5tion ( call+ ! yeas & nays1 if g5tlem5 p]si/$ 9 press+ ! "q4 ,mr4 ,clym] 7( ,p5n47 hop$ ! motion w\ld be )drawn = ! pres5t1 & ! bus9ess tak5 up 9 c\rse to-morr[2 because1 ?\gh he respect$ ! memoriali/s1 he also respect$ ord] & ! situation ( ! memb]s4 ,mr4 ,fitzsimons 7( ,p5n47 did n recollect :e!r he mov$ or second$ ! motion1 b if he _h1 he %\ld n )draw x on acc\nt ( ! ?reat ( call+ ! yeas & nays4 ,mr4 ,baldw9 7( ,ga47 hop$ ! bus9ess w\ld be conduct$ ) temp] & mod]ation1 & t g5tlem5 w\ld conc$e & pass ! subject ov] a day at lea/4 ,mr4 ,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 _h no idea ( hold+ out a ?reat to any g5tleman4 ,if ! decl>ation ( an int5tion to call ! yeas & nays 0 view$ by g5tlem5 9 t light1 he w\ld )draw t call4 ,mr4 ,:ite 7( ,va47 h]eupon )drew 8 motion4 ,& ! address 0 ord]$ to lie on ! table4 ,,febru>y #ab?1 #agij4 ,! foll[+ memorial 0 pres5t$ & read3 ,to ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,! ,memorial ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,society = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 ! relief ( free negroes unlawfully held 9 bondage1 & ! improvem5t ( ! condition ( ! ,african race1 respectfully %[e?3 ,t f a reg>d = ! happ9ess ( mank9d1 an association 0 =m$ sev]al ye>s s9ce 9 ?is ,/ate1 by a numb] ( h] citiz5s1 ( v>i\s religi\s d5om9ations1 = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 & = ! relief ( ^? unlawfully held 9 bondage4 ,a j & acute conception ( ! true pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 z x spread ?r\gh ! l&1 produc$ accessions to _! numb]s1 _m fri5ds to _! cause1 & a legislative co-op]ation ) _! views1 :i*1 by ! bless+ ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 h be5 successfully direct$ to ! reliev+ f bondage a l>ge numb] ( _! fell[ creatures ( ! ,african race4 ,!y h also ! satisfaction to obs]ve1 t1 9 consequ5ce ( t _s ( philan?ropy & g5u9e lib]ty :i* is g5]ally diffus+ its b5eficial influ5ce1 simil> in/itutions are =m+ at home & abroad4 ,t mank9d are all =m$ by ! same ,almighty ,be+1 alike objects ( 8 c>e1 & equally design$ = ! enjoym5t ( happ9ess1 ! ,*ri/ian religion tea*es u to believe1 & ! political cre$ ( ,am]icans fully co9cides ) ! position4 ,y\r memoriali/s1 p>ticul>ly engag$ 9 att5d+ to ! di/resses aris+ f slav]y1 believe x _! indisp5sable duty to pres5t ?is subject to y\r notice4 ,!y h obs]v$ ) real satisfaction1 t _m important & salut>y p[]s are ve/$ 9 y = 'promot+ ! welf>e & secur+ ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2' & z !y conceive1 t ^! bless+s ought rightfully to be adm9i/]$1 )\t di/9ction ( color1 to all descriptions ( p1 s !y indulge !mselves 9 ! pleas+ expectation1 t no?+ :i* c be done = ! relief ( ! unhappy objects ( _! c>e1 w be ei!r omitt$ or delay$4 ,f a p]suasion t equal lib]ty 0 orig9ally ! portion1 & is /ill ! bir?-"r ( all m51 & influ5c$ by ! /rong ties ( humanity & ! pr9ciples ( _! in/itution1 y\r memoriali/s conceiv$ !mselves b\nd to use all ju/ifiable endeavors to loos5 ! b&s ( slav]y1 & promote a g5]al enjoym5t ( ! bless+s ( fre$om4 ,"u ^! impressions1 !y e>ne/ly entreat y\r s]i\s att5tion to ! subject ( slav]y2 t y w be pleas$ to c\nt5ance ! re/oration ( lib]ty to ^? unhappy m51 :o alone1 9 ?is l& ( fre$om1 are degrad$ into p]petual bondage1 & :o1 amid/ ! g5]al joy ( surr\nd+ freem51 are groan+ 9 s]vile subjection2 t y w devise means = remov+ ?is inconsi/5cy f ! "* ( ! ,am]ican p2 t y w promote m]cy & ju/ice t[>ds ?is di/ress$ race1 & t y w /ep to ! v v]ge ( ! p[] ve/$ 9 y1 = disc\rag+ e species ( traffic 9 ! p]sons ( our fell[-m54 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 ,presid5t4 ,,philadelphia1 ,febru>y #c1 #agij4 ,mr4 ,h>tley 7( ,p5n47 !n call$ up ! memorial pres5t$ ye/]day1 f ! annual meet+ ( ,fri5ds at ,philadelphia1 = a second read+2 :]eupon ! same 0 read a second "t1 & mov$ to be committ$4 ,mr4 ,tuck] 7( ,s4,c47 0 sorry ! petition _h a second read+ z he conceiv$ x conta9$ an uncon/itutional reque/1 & f t consid]ation he wi%$ x ?r[n aside4 ,he fe>$ ! commitm5t ( x w\ld be a v al>m+ circum/ance to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates2 = if ! object 0 to engage ,congress 9 an uncon/itutional measure1 x w\ld be consid]$ z an int]f]5ce ) _! rights1 ! p w\ld become v uneasy "u ! gov]nm5t1 & lam5t t !y ev] put additional p[]s into _! h&s4 ,he 0 surpris$ to see ano!r memorial on ! same subject & t sign$ by a man :o ought to h kn[n ! con/itution bett]4 ,he ?\ght x a mis*iev\s attempt1 z x respect$ ! p]sons 9 ^: favor x 0 int5d$4 ,x w\ld buoy !m up ) hopes1 )\t a f\ndation1 & z !y c\ld n reason on ! subject1 z m enlight5$ m5 w\ld1 !y might be l$ to d :at !y w\ld be puni%$ =1 & ! own]s ( !m1 9 _! own def5ce1 w\ld be compell$ to ex]cise ov] !m a sev]ity !y 7 n accu/om$ to4 ,d ^! m5 expect a g5]al emancipation ( slaves by law8 ,?is w\ld nev] be submitt$ to by ! ,s\!rn ,/ates )\t a civil w>4 ,d !y mean to pur*ase _! fre$om8 ,he believ$ _! money w\ld fall %ort ( ! price4 ,b h[ is x !y are m conc]n$ 9 ?is bus9ess ?an o!rs8 ,are !y ! only p]sons :o possess religion & morality8 ,if ! p are n s exempl>y1 c]ta9ly !y w admit ! cl]gy are2 :y !n d we n f9d !m unit+ 9 a body1 pray+ u to adopt measures = ! promotion ( religion & piety1 or any moral object8 ,!y "k x w\ld be an improp] int]f]5ce2 & to say ! be/ ( ?is memorial1 x is an act ( imprud5ce1 :i* he hop$ w\ld receive no c\nt5ance f ! h\se4 ,mr4 ,s5ey 7( ,md47 d5i$ t !re 0 any?+ uncon/itutional 9 ! memorial1 at lea/1 if !re 01 x _h escap$ 8 att5tion1 & he %\ld be oblig$ to ! g5tleman to po9t x out4 ,its only object 01 t congress %\ld ex]cise _! con/itutional au?ority1 to abate ! horrors ( slav]y1 z f> z !y c\ld3 ,inde$1 he consid]$ t all alt]cation on ! subject ( commitm5t 0 at an end1 z ! h\se _h impli$ly det]m9$ ye/]day t x %\ld be committ$4 ,mr4 ,burke 7( ,s4,c47 saw ! disposition ( ! h\se1 & he fe>$ x w\ld be ref]$ to a committee1 maugre all _! opposition2 b he mu/ insi/ t x pray$ = an uncon/itutional measure4 ,did x n desire congress to int]f]e & aboli% ! slave-trade1 :ile ! con/itution expressly /ipulat$ t congress %\ld ex]cise no su* p[]8 ,he 0 c]ta9 ! commitm5t w\ld s\nd 9 al>m1 & bl[ ! trumpet ( s$ition 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,he 0 sorry to see ! petition]s paid m att5tion to ?an ! con/itution2 h[ev]1 he w\ld d 8 duty1 & oppose ! bus9ess totally2 & if x 0 ref]r$ to a committee1 z m5tion$ ye/]day1 consi/+ ( a memb] f ea* ,/ate1 & he 0 appo9t$1 he w\ld decl9e s]v+4 ,mr4 ,scott1 7( ,p5n47 ,i c't ent]ta9 a d\bt b ! memorial duty p>ticul>ly assign$ to u by t in/rum5t1 & ,i hope we may be incl9$ to take x into consid]ation4 ,we c1 at pres5t1 lay our h&s ^u a small duty ( t5 doll>s4 ,i w\ld take ?is1 & if x is all we c d1 we mu/ be cont5t4 ,b ,i am sorry t ! fram]s ( ! con/itution did n g f>!r & enable u to int]dict x = good & all2 = ,i look ^u ! slave-trade to be "o ( ! mo/ abom9able ?+s on e>?2 & if !re 0 nei!r ,god nor devil1 ,i %\ld oppose x ^u ! pr9ciples ( humanity & ! law ( nature4 ,i _c1 = my "p1 conceive h[ any p]son c be said to acquire a prop]ty 9 ano!r2 is x by virtue ( conque/8 ,:at are ! rights ( conque/8 ,"s h d>$ to advance ?is mon/r\s pr9ciple1 t ! conqu]or is absolute ma/] ( 8 conque/2 t he may dispose ( x z 8 prop]ty1 & treat x z he pleases2 b en\gh ( ^? :o r$uce m5 to ! /ate ( transf]able goods1 or use !m l bea/s ( burd52 :o deliv] !m up z ! prop]ty or patrimony ( ano!r man4 ,let u argue on pr9ciples c\nt5anc$ by reason & becom+ humanity2 ! petition]s view ! subject 9 a religi\s light1 b ,i d n /& 9 ne$ ( religi\s motives to induce me to reprobate ! traffic 9 human fle%2 o!r consid]ations weigh ) me to support ! commitm5t ( ! memorial1 & to support e con/itutional measure likely to br+ ab\t its total abolition4 ,p]haps1 9 our legislative capacity1 we c g no fur!r ?an to impose a duty ( t5 doll>s1 b ,i d n "k h[ f> ,i might g1 if ,i 0 "o ( ! judges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ^? p 7 to come be=e me & claim _! emancipation2 b ,i am sure ,i w\ld g z f> z ,i c\ld4 ,mr4 ,jackson 7( ,ga47 diff]$ ) ! g5tleman la/ up1 & suppos$ ! ma/] _h a qualifi$ prop]ty 9 8 slave2 he said ! contr>y doctr9e w\ld g to ! de/ruction ( e species ( p]sonal s]vice4 ,! g5tleman said he did n /& 9 ne$ ( religion to induce him to reprobate slav]y1 b if he is guid$ by t evid5ce1 :i* ! ,*ri/ian sy/em is f\nd$ ^u1 he w f9d t religion is n aga9/ x2 he w see1 f ,g5esis to ,revelation1 ! curr5t sett+ /rong t way4 ,!re nev] 0 a gov]nm5t on ! face ( ! e>?1 b :at p]mitt$ slav]y4 ,! pure/ sons ( fre$om 9 ! ,grecian republics1 ! citiz5s ( ,a!ns & ,lac$aemon all held slaves4 ,on ?is pr9ciple ! nations ( ,europe are associat$2 x is ! basis ( ! feudal sy/em4 ,b suppose all ?is to h be5 wrong1 let me ask ! g5tleman1 if x is policy to br+ =w>d a bus9ess at ?is mom5t1 likely to light up a flame ( civil discord1 = ! p ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w resi/ "o tyranny z soon z ano!r2 ! o!r p>ts ( ! cont95t may be> !m d[n by =ce ( arms1 b !y w nev] suff] !mselves to be dive/$ ( _! prop]ty )\t a /ruggle4 ,! g5tleman says1 if he 0 a f$]al judge1 he does n "k to :at l5g? he w\ld g 9 emancipat+ ^! p2 b1 ,i believe 8 judgm5t w\ld be ( %ort duration 9 ,georgia2 p]haps ev5 ! exi/5ce ( su* a judge might be 9 dang]4 ,mr4 ,%]man 7( ,conn47 c\ld see no difficulty 9 committ+ ! memorial2 because x 0 probable ! committee w\ld und]/& _! bus9ess1 & p]haps !y might br+ 9 su* a report z w\ld be satisfactory to g5tlem5 on bo? sides ( ! ,h\se4 ,mr4 ,baldw9 7( ,ga47 0 sorry ! subject _h ev] be5 br\ght be=e ,congress1 because x 0 a delicate nature1 z x respect$ "s ( ! ,/ates4 ,g5tlem5 :o _h be5 pres5t at ! =mation ( ?is ,con/itution1 c\ld n avoid ! recollection ( ! pa9 & difficulty :i* ! subject caus$ 9 t body2 ! memb]s f ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 7 s t5d] ^u ?is po9t1 t !y _h well nigh brok5 up )\t com+ to any det]m9ation2 h[ev]1 f ! extreme desire ( pres]v+ ! ,union1 & obta9+ an effici5t gov]nm5t1 !y 7 induc$ mutually1 to conc$e1 & ! ,con/itution jeal\sly gu>d$ :at !y agre$ to4 ,if g5tlem5 look ov] ! foot/eps ( t body1 !y w f9d ! greate/ degree ( caution us$ to impr9t !m1 s z n to be easily eradicat$2 b ! mom5t we g to jo/le on t gr\nd1 said he1 ,i fe> we %all feel x tremble "u our feet4 ,congress h no p[] to int]f]e ) ! importation ( slaves1 beyond :at is giv5 9 ! #i? section ( ! fir/ article ( ! ,con/itution2 e ?+ else is int]dict$ to !m 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms4 ,if we exam9e ! ,con/itution1 we %all f9d ! expressions1 relative to ?is subject1 cauti\sly express$1 & m punctili\sly gu>d$ ?an any o!r "p4 ,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons1 %all n be prohibit$ by ,congress4 ,b le/ ?is %\ld n h secur$ ! object suffici5tly1 x is decl>$ 9 ! same section1 ,t no capitation or direct tax %all be laid1 unless 9 proportion to ! c5sus2 ?is 0 int5d$ to prev5t ,congress f lay+ any special tax ^u negro slaves1 z !y might1 9 ?is way1 s bur!n ! possessors ( !m1 z to induce a g5]al emancipation4 ,if we g on to ! #e? article1 we %all f9d ! #a/ & #e? clauses ( ! #i? section ( ! #a/ article re/ra9$ f be+ alt]$ be=e ! ye> #ahjh4 ,g5tlem5 h said1 t ?is petition does n pray = an abolition ( ! slave-trade2 ,i ?9k1 sir1 x prays = no?+ else1 & !re=e we h no m to d ) x1 ?an if x pray$ u to e/abli% an ord] ( nobility1 or a national religion4 ,mr4 ,sylve/] ( 7,n4,y47 said t he _h always be5 9 ! habit ( respect+ ! society call$ ,quak]s2 he respect$ !m = _! ex]tions 9 ! cause ( humanity1 b he ?\ght ! pres5t 0 n a "t to ent] into a consid]ation ( ! subject1 especially z he conceiv$ x to be a bus9ess 9 ! prov9ce ( ! ,/ate legislature4 ,mr4 ,lawrance ( 7( ,n4,y47 obs]v$ t ! subject w\ld und\bt$ly come "u ! consid]ation ( ! ,h\se2 & he ?\ght1 t z x 0 n[ be=e !m1 t ! pres5t "t 0 z prop] z any2 he 0 !re=e = committ+ ! memorial2 & :5 ! pray] ( x _h be5 prop]ly exam9$1 !y c\ld see h[ f> congress may con/itutionally int]f]e2 z !y knew ! limits ( _! p[] on ?is1 z well z on e o!r occasion1 !re 0 no j appreh5sion to be ent]ta9$ t !y w\ld g beyond !m4 ,mr4 ,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 insi/$ t x 0 n 9 ! p[] ( ! ,h\se to grant ! pray] ( ! petition1 :i* w5t to ! total aboli%m5t ( ! slave trade1 & x 0 !re=e unnecess>y to commit x4 ,he obs]v$1 t 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 difficulties _h aris5 on adopt+ ! ,con/itution1 inasmu* z x 0 appreh5d$1 t ,congress might take measures "u x = aboli%+ ! slave-trade4 ,p]haps ! petition]s1 :5 !y appli$ to ?is h\se1 did n ?9k _! object uncon/itutional1 b n[ !y are told t x is1 !y w be satisfi$ ) ! answ]1 & press x no fur!r4 ,if _! object _h be5 = ,congress to lay a duty ( t5 doll>s p] head on ! importation ( slaves1 !y w\ld h said s1 b t does n appe> to h be5 ! case2 ! commitm5t ( ! petition1 on t gr\nd1 _c be cont5d$2 if !y w n be cont5t ) t1 %all x be committ$ to inve/igate facts8 ,! petition speaks ( none2 = :at purpose !n %all x be committ$8 ,if g5tlem5 c assign no good reason = ! measure1 !y w n support x1 :5 !y are told t x w create great jeal\sies & al>m 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates2 = ,i c assure !m1 t !re is no po9t on :i* !y are m jeal\s & suspici\s1 ?an on a bus9ess ) :i* !y ?9k ! gov]nm5t has no?+ to d4 ,:5 we ent]$ into ?is ,conf$]acy1 we did x f political1 n f moral motives1 & ,i d n ?9k my con/itu5ts want to le>n morals f ! petition]s2 ,i d n believe !y want improvem5t 9 _! moral sy/em2 if !y d1 !y c get x at home4 ,! g5tleman f ,georgia1 has ju/ly /at$ ! jeal\sy ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,on ent]+ into ?is gov]nm5t1 !y appreh5d$ t ! o!r ,/ates1 n kn[+ ! necessity ! citiz5s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 7 "u to hold ?is species ( prop]ty1 w\ld1 f motives ( humanity & b5evol5ce1 be l$ to vote = a g5]al emancipation2 & _h !y n se5 t ! ,con/itution provid$ aga9/ ! effect ( su* a disposition1 ,i may be bold to say1 !y nev] w\ld h adopt$ x4 ,& not)/&+ all ! calmness ) :i* "s g5tlem5 h view$ ! subject1 !y w f9d1 t ! discussion alone w create great al>m4 ,we h be5 told1 t if ! discussion w create al>m1 we ought to h avoid$ x1 by say+ no?+2 b x 0 n = t purpose t we 7 s5t "h1 we look ^u ?is measure z an attack ^u ! palladium ( ! prop]ty ( our c\ntry2 x is !re=e our duty to oppose x by e means 9 our p[]4 ,g5tlem5 %\ld consid] t :5 we ent]$ into a political connexion ) ! o!r ,/ates1 t ?is prop]ty 0 !re2 x 0 acquir$ "u a =m] gov]nm5t1 con=mably to ! laws & ,con/itution2 !re=e any?+ t w t5d to deprive !m ( t prop]ty1 mu/ be an ex po/ facto law1 & z su* is =bid by our political compact4 ,i said ! ,/ates w\ld nev] h ent]$ into ! conf$]ation1 unless _! prop]ty _h be5 gu>ante$ to !m1 = su* is ! /ate ( agriculture 9 t c\ntry1 t )\t slaves x mu/ be depopulat$4 ,:y w ^! p !n make use ( argum5ts to induce ! slave to turn 8 h& aga9/ 8 ma/]8 ,we labor "u difficulties en\gh f ! ravages ( ! late w>4 ,a g5tleman c h>dly come f t c\ntry1 ) a s]vant or two1 ei!r to ?is place or ,philadelphia1 b :at !re are p]sons try+ to s$uce 8 s]vants to leave him2 &1 :5 !y h done ?is1 ! poor wret*es are oblig$ to rob _! ma/] 9 ord] to obta9 a subsi/5ce2 all ^?1 !re=e1 :o are conc]n$ 9 ?is s$uction1 are access>ies to ! robb]y4 ,! reproa*es :i* !y ca/ ^u ! own]s ( negro prop]ty1 is *>g+ !m ) ! want ( humanity2 ,i believe ! proprietors are p]sons ( z mu* humanity z any "p ( ! cont95t & are z conspicu\s = _! good morals z _! neighbors4 ,x 0 said ye/]day1 t ! ,quak]s 7 a society kn[n to ! laws1 & ! ,con/itution1 b !y are no m s ?an o!r religi\s societies2 !y /& exactly 9 ! same situation2 _! memorial1 !re=e1 relates to a matt] 9 :i* !y are no m int]e/$ ?an any o!r sect1 & c only be consid]$ z a piece ( advice2 x is cu/om>y to ref] a piece ( advice to a committee1 b if x is suppos$ to pray = :at !y ?9k a moral purpose1 is t suffici5t to induce u to commit x8 ,:at may appe> a moral virtue 9 _! eyes1 may n be s 9 reality4 ,i h he>d ( a sect ( ,%ak+ ,quak]s1 :o1 ,i presume1 suppose _! t5ets ( a moral t5d5cy2 ,i am in=m$ "o ( !m =bids to int]m>ry1 yet 9 consequ5ce ( _! %ak+s & concussions1 y may see !m ) a num]\s (fspr+ ab\t !m4 ,n[1 if ^! p 7 to petition ,congress to pass a law prohibit+ matrimony1 ,i ask1 w\ld g5tlem5 agree to ref] su* a petition8 ,i ?9k if !y w\ld reject "o ( t nature1 z improp]1 !y ought also to reject ?is4 ,mr4 ,page 7( ,va47 0 9 favor ( ! commitm5t2 he hop$ t ! designs ( ! respectable memoriali/s w\ld n be /opp$ at ! ?re%old1 9 ord] to preclude a fair discussion ( ! pray] ( ! memorial4 ,he obs]v$ t g5tlem5 _h f\nd$ _! argum5ts ^u a misrepres5tation2 = ! object ( ! memorial 0 n decl>$ to be ! total abolition ( ! slave trade3 b t ,congress w\ld consid]1 :e!r x be n 9 reality )9 _! p[] to ex]cise ju/ice & m]cy1 :i*1 if adh]$ to1 !y _c d\bt mu/ produce ! abolition ( ! slave trade4 ,if !n ! pray] conta9$ no?+ uncon/itutional1 he tru/$ ! m]itori\s ef=t w\ld n be fru/rat$4 ,) respect to ! al>m t 0 appreh5d$1 he conjectur$ !re 0 none2 b !re might be j cause1 if ! memorial 0 n tak5 into consid]ation4 ,he plac$ himself 9 ! case ( a slave1 & said1 t1 on he>+ t ,congress _h refus$ to li/5 to ! dec5t sugge/ions ( a respectable "p ( ! community1 he %\ld inf]1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t 7f :i* 0 expect$ great good w\ld result to e class ( citiz5s7 _h %ut _! e>s aga9/ ! voice ( humanity1 & he %\ld despair ( any alleviation ( ! mis]ies he & 8 po/]ity _h 9 prospect2 if any ?+ c\ld induce him to rebel1 x mu/ be a /roke l ?is1 impress+ on 8 m9d all ! horrors ( despair4 ,b if he 0 told1 t application 0 made 9 8 behalf1 & t ,congress 7 will+ to he> :at c\ld be urg$ 9 favor ( disc\rag+ ! practice ( import+ 8 fell[-wret*es1 he w\ld tru/ 9 _! ju/ice & humanity1 & wait ! decision pati5tly4 ,he presum$ t ^! un=tunate p w\ld reason 9 ! same way2 & he1 !re=e1 conceiv$ ! mo/ likely way to prev5t dang]1 0 to commit ! petition4 ,he liv$ 9 a ,/ate :i* _h ! mis=tune ( hav+ 9 h] bosom a great numb] ( slaves1 he held _m ( !m himself1 & 0 z mu* int]e/$ 9 ! bus9ess1 he believ$1 z any g5tleman 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a or ,georgia1 yet1 if he 0 det]m9$ to hold !m 9 et]nal bondage1 he %\ld feel no uneas9ess or al>m on acc\nt ( ! pres5t measure1 because he %\ld rely ^u ! virtue ( ,congress1 t !y w\ld n ex]cise any uncon/itutional au?ority4 ,mr4 ,madison 7( ,va47 ,! debate has tak5 a s]i\s turn1 & x w be ow+ to ?is alone if an al>m is creat$2 = _h ! memorial be5 treat$ 9 ! usual way1 x w\ld h be5 consid]$ z a matt] ( c\rse1 & a report might h be5 made1 s z to h giv5 g5]al satisfaction4 ,if !re 0 ! slighte/ t5d5cy by ! commitm5t to break 9 ^u ! con/itution1 he w\ld object to x2 b he did n see ^u :at gr\nd su* an ev5t 0 to be appreh5d$4 ,! petition pray$1 9 g5]al t]ms1 = ! int]f]5ce ( congress1 s f> z !y 7 con/itutionally au?oriz$2 b ev5 if its pray] 01 9 "s degree1 uncon/itutional1 x might be committ$1 z 0 ! case on ,mr4 ,*ur*man's petition1 "o "p ( :i* 0 suppos$ to apply = an uncon/itutional int]f]5ce by ! g5]al gov]nm5t4 ,he admitt$ t congress 0 re/rict$ by ! con/itution f tak+ measures to aboli% ! slave-trade2 yet !re 7 a v>iety ( ways by :i* !y c\ld c\nt5ance ! abolition1 & !y might make "s regulations respect+ ! introduction ( !m into ! new ,/ates1 to be =m$ out ( ! ,we/]n ,t]ritory1 diff]5t f :at !y c\ld 9 ! old settl$ ,/ates4 ,he ?\ght ! object well wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,mr4 ,g]ry 7( ,mass47 ?\ght ! int]f]5ce ( congress fully compatible ) ! con/itution1 & c\ld n help lam5t+ ! mis]ies to :i* ! tribes ( ,africa 7 expos$ by ?is inhuman comm]ce2 & said t he nev] contemplat$ ! subject1 )\t reflect+ :at 8 own feel+s w\ld be1 9 case himself1 8 *ildr51 or fri5ds1 7 plac$ 9 ! same deplorable circum/ances4 ,he !n adv]t$ to ! flagrant acts ( cruelty :i* are committ$ 9 c>ry+ on t traffic2 & ask$ :e!r x c be suppos$1 t congress has no p[] to prev5t su* transactions8 ,he !n ref]r$ to ! con/itution1 & po9t$ out ! re/rictions laid on ! g5]al gov]nm5t respect+ ! importation ( slaves4 ,x 0 n1 he presum$1 9 ! contemplation ( any g5tleman 9 ?is h\se to violate t "p ( ! con/itution2 b t we h a "r to regulate ?is bus9ess1 is z cle> z t we h any rights :atev]2 nor has ! contr>y be5 %[n by any p]son :o has spok5 on ! occasion4 ,congress c1 agreeable to ! con/itution1 lay a duty ( t5 doll>s on import$ slaves2 !y may d ?is imm$iately4 ,he made a calculation ( ! value ( ! slaves 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & suppos$ !y might be wor? t5 millions ( doll>s2 congress h a "r1 if !y see prop]1 to make a proposal to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to pur*ase ! :ole ( !m1 & _! res\rces 9 ! ,we/]n ,t]ritory may furni% !m ) means4 ,he did n int5d to sugge/ a measure ( ?is k9d1 he only in/anc$ ^! p>ticul>s1 to %[ t congress c]ta9ly h a "r to int]m$dle 9 ! bus9ess4 ,he ?\ght t no objection _h be5 (f]$1 ( any =ce1 to prev5t ! commitm5t ( ! memorial4 ,mr4 ,b\d9ot 7( ,n4,j47 _h c>efully exam9$ ! petition1 & f\nd no?+ l :at 0 compla9$ ( by g5tlem51 conta9$ 9 x2 he1 !re=e1 hop$ !y w\ld )draw _! opposition1 & suff] x to be committ$4 ,mr4 ,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 said1 t z ! petition]s _h p>ticul>ly pray$ congress to take measures = ! annihilation ( ! slave trade1 & t 0 admitt$ on all h&s to be beyond _! p[]1 & z ! petition]s w\ld n be gratifi$ by a tax ( t5 doll>s p] head1 :i* 0 all t 0 )9 _! p[]1 !re 01 ( consequ5ce1 no occasion = committ+ x4 ,mr4 ,/one 7( ,md47 ?\ght ?is memorial a ?+ ( c\rse2 = !re nev] 0 a society1 ( any consid]able ext5t1 :i* did n int]f]e ) ! conc]ns ( o!r p1 & ?is k9d ( int]f]5ce1 :5ev] x has happ5$1 has nev] fail$ to deluge ! c\ntry 9 blood3 on ?is pr9ciple he 0 oppos$ to ! commitm5t4 ,! "q on ! commitm5t be+ ab\t to be put1 ! yeas & nays 7 call$ =1 & are z foll[s3-- ,yeas4--,messrs4 ,ames1 ,b5son1 ,b\d9ot1 ,br[n1 ,cadwallad]1 ,clym]1 ,fitzsimons1 ,floyd1 ,fo/]1 ,gale1 ,g]ry1 ,gilman1 ,goodhue1 ,griff91 ,gr\t1 ,h>tley1 ,ha?orne1 ,hei/]1 ,hunt+ton1 ,lawr5ce1 ,lee1 ,leon>d1 ,liv]more1 ,madison1 ,moore1 ,muhl5b]g1 ,pale1 ,p>k]1 ,p>tridge1 ,r5ssella]1 ,s*ureman1 ,scott1 ,s$gwick1 ,s5ey1 ,%]man1 ,s9nickson1 ,smi? ( ,m>yl&1 ,/urges1 ,?at*]1 ,trumbull1 ,wadswor?1 ,:ite1 & ,wynkoop--#dc4 ,noes--,messrs4 ,baldw91 ,bl&1 ,b\rke1 ,coles1 ,hug]1 ,jackson1 ,ma!ws1 ,sylve/]1 ,smi? ( ,s4,c41 ,/one1 & ,tuck]--#aa4 ,:]eupon x 0 det]m9$ 9 ! affirmative2 & on motion1 ! petition ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 at ,new ,york1 & ! memorial f ! ,p5nsylvania ,society1 = ! abolition ( slav]y1 7 also ref]r$ to a committee4--,,lloyd',s ,,debates4 ,debate on ,committee's ,report1 ,m>*1 #agij4 ,,eliot',s ,,debates4 ,mr4 ,tuck] mov$ to modify ! fir/ p>agraph by /rik+ out all ! words aft] ! ^w op9ion1 & to ins]t ! foll[+3 t ! sev]al memorials propos$ to ! consid]ation ( ?is h\se1 a subject on :i* its int]f]5ce w\ld be uncon/itutional1 & ev5 its delib]ations highly injuri\s to "s ( ! ,/ates 9 ! ,union4 ,mr4 ,jackson rose & obs]v$1 t he _h be5 sil5t on ! subject ( ! reports com+ be=e ! committee1 because he wi%$ ! pr9ciples ( ! resolutions to be exam9$ fairly1 & to be decid$ on _! true gr\nds4 ,he 0 aga9/ ! propositions g5]ally1 & w\ld exam9e ! policy1 ! ju/ice & ! use ( !m1 & he hop$1 if he c\ld make !m appe> 9 ! same light to o!rs z !y did to him by fair argum5t1 t ! g5tlem5 9 opposition 7 n s det]m9$ 9 _! op9ions z n to give up _! pres5t s5tim5ts4 ,) respect to ! policy ( ! measure1 ! situation ( ! slaves "h1 _! situation 9 _! native ,/ates1 & ! disposal ( !m 9 case ( emancipation1 %\ld be consid]$4 ,t slav]y 0 an evil habit1 he did n mean to controv]t2 b t habit 0 already e/abli%$1 & !re 7 peculi> situations 9 c\ntries :i* r5d]$ t habit necess>y4 ,su* situations ! ,/ates ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 7 9--l>ge tracts ( ! mo/ f]tile l&s on ! cont95t rema9$ uncultivat$ = ! want ( population4 ,x 0 frequ5tly advanc$ on ! floor ( ,congress1 h[ unheal?y ^? climates 71 & h[ impossible x 0 = nor!rn con/itutions to exi/ !re4 ,:at1 he ask$1 is to be done ) ?is uncultivat$ t]ritory8 ,is x to rema9 a wa/e8 ,is ! rice trade to be bani%$ f our coa/s8 ,are congress will+ to deprive !mselves ( ! rev5ue aris+ f t trade1 & :i* is daily increas+1 & to ?r[ ?is great advantage into ! h&s ( o!r c\ntries8 ,let u exam9e ! use or ! b5efit ( ! resolutions conta9$ 9 ! report4 ,i call ^u g5tlem5 to give me "o s+le in/ance 9 :i* !y c be ( s]vice4 ,!y are ( no use to congress4 ,! p[]s ( t body are already def9$1 & ^? p[]s _c be am5d$1 confirm$ or dim9i%$ by t5 ?\s& resolutions4 ,is n t ! guide & rule ( ?is legislature4 ,a multiplicity ( laws is reprobat$ 9 any society1 & t5d b to conf\nd & p]plex4 ,h[ /range w\ld a law appe> :i* 0 to confirm a law2 & h[ mu* m /range mu/ x appe> = ?is body to pass resolutions to confirm ! con/itution "u :i* !y sit6 ,?is is ! case ) o!rs ( ! resolutions4 ,a g5tleman f ,m>yl& 7,mr4 ,/one7 v prop]ly obs]v$1 t ! ,union _h receiv$ ! diff]5t ,/ates ) all _! ill habits ab\t !m4 ,?is 0 "o ( ^! habits e/abli%$ long be=e ! con/itution1 & c\ld n n[ be rem$i$4 ,he begg$ congress to reflect on ! numb] on ! cont95t :o 7 oppos$ to ?is con/itution1 & on ! numb] :i* yet rema9$ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! violation ( ?is compact !y w\ld seize on ) avidity2 !y w\ld make a h&le ( x to cov] _! designs aga9/ ! gov]nm5t1 & _m good f$]ali/s1 :o w\ld be injur$ by ! measure1 w\ld be induc$ to jo9 !m3 8 he>t 0 truly f$]al1 & x _h always be5 s1 & he wi%$ ^? designs fru/rat$4 ,he begg$ congress to bew>e be=e !y w5t too f>3 he call$ on !m to att5d to ! int]e/ ( two :ole ,/ates1 z well z to ! memorials ( a society ( quak]s1 :o came =w>d to bl[ ! trumpet ( s$ition1 & to de/roy t con/itution :i* !y _h n 9 ! lea/ contribut$ by p]sonal s]vice or supply to e/abli%4 ,he second$ ,mr4 ,tuck]'s motion4 ,mr4 ,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 said1 ! g5tleman f ,massa*usetts1 7,mr4 ,g]ry17 _h decl>$ t x 0 ! op9ion ( ! select committee1 ( :i* he 0 a memb]1 t ! memorial ( ! ,p5nsylvania society1 requir$ congress to violate ! con/itution4 ,x 0 n less a/oni%+ to see ,dr4 ,frankl9 tak+ ! lead 9 a bus9ess :i* looks s mu* l a p]secution ( ! ,s\!rn inhabitants1 :5 he recollect$ ! p>able he _h writt5 "s "t ago1 ) a view ( %[+ ! immorality ( "o set ( m5 p]secut+ o!rs = a diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,! p>able 0 to ?is effect3 an old travell]1 hungry & we>y1 appli$ to ! patri>* ,abraham = a night's lodg+4 ,9 conv]sation1 ,abraham discov]$ t ! /rang] diff]$ ) him on religi\s po9ts1 & turn$ him out ( doors4 ,9 ! night ,god appe>$ unto ,abraham1 & said1 :]e is ! /rang]8 ,abraham answ]$1 ,i f\nd t he did n wor%ip ! true ,god1 & s ,i turn$ him out ( doors4 ,! ,almighty ?us rebuk$ ! patri>*3 h ,i borne ) him ?ree-score & t5 ye>s1 & c\ld/ ?\ n be> ) him "o night8 ,has ! ,almighty1 said ,mr4 ,smi?1 borne ) u = m ?an ?ree-score ye>s & t53 ,he has ev5 made our c\ntry opul5t1 & %$ ! bless+s ( afflu5ce & prosp]ity on our l&1 not)/&+ all its slaves1 & mu/ we n[ be ru9$ on acc\nt ( ! t5d] consci5ces ( a few scrupul\s individuals :o diff] f u on ?is po9t8 ,mr4 ,b\d9ot agre$ ) ! g5]al doctr9es ( ,mr4 ,s41 b c\ld n agree t ! clause 9 ! con/itution relat+ to ! want ( p[] 9 congress to prohibit ! importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates1 n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 prior to ! ye> #ahjh1 & au?oriz+ a tax or duty on su* importation n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son1 did n ext5d to negro slaves4 ,c&or requir$ t he %\ld ackn[l$ge t ?is 0 ! express design ( ! con/itution1 & !re=e congress c\ld n int]f]e 9 prohibit+ ! importation or promot+ ! emancipation ( !m1 prior to t p]iod4 ,mr4 ,b\d9ot obs]v$1 t he 0 well in=m$ t ! tax or duty ( t5 doll>s 0 provid$1 in/ead ( ! five p] c5t4 ad valorem1 & 0 s expressly und]/ood by all p>ties 9 ! conv5tion2 t !re=e x 0 ! int]e/ & duty ( congress to impose ?is tax1 or x w\ld n be do+ ju/ice to ! ,/ates1 or equaliz+ ! duties ?r\gh\t ! ,union4 ,if ?is 0 n done1 m]*ants might br+ _! :ole capitals into ?is bran* ( trade1 & save pay+ any duties :atev]4 ,mr4 ,b\d9ot obs]v$1 t ! g5tleman _h ov]look$ ! prophecy ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :]e he =etells t among o!r damnable h]esies1 ,?r\gh covet\sness %all !y ) feign$ words make m]*&ize ( y4 ,,note4--,?is petition1 ) o!rs ( a simil> object1 0 committ$ to a select committee2 t committee made a report2 ! report 0 ref]r$ to a committee ( ! :ole h\se1 & discuss$ on f\r successive days2 x 0 !n report$ to ! ,h\se ) am5dm5ts1 & by ! ,h\se ord]$ to be inscrib$ 9 its ,j\rnals1 & !n laid on ! table4 ,t report1 z am5d$ 9 committee1 is 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,! committee to :om 7 ref]r$ sundry memorials f ! p call$ ,quak]s1 & also a memorial f ! ,p5nsylvania ,society = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 submit ! foll[+ report1 7z am5d$ 9 committee ( ! :ole47 ,fir/3 ,t ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 _c be prohibit$ by ,congress prior to ! ye> #ahjh4 ,secondly3 ,t ,congress h no p[] to int]f]e 9 ! emancipation ( slaves1 or 9 ! treatm5t ( !m1 )9 any ( ! ,/ates2 x rema9+ ) ! sev]al ,/ates alone to provide any regulations !re9 :i* humanity & true policy may require4 ,?irdly3 ,t ,congress h au?ority to re/ra9 ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f c>ry+ on ! ,african ,slave trade1 = ! purpose ( supply+ =eign]s ) slaves1 & ( provid+ by prop] regulations = ! humane treatm5t1 dur+ _! passage1 ( slaves import$ by ! said citiz5s into ! /ates admitt+ su* importations4 ,f\r?ly3 ,t ,congress h also au?ority to prohibit =eign]s f fitt+ out vessels 9 any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = transport+ p]sons f ,africa to any =eign port4 ,,address ,,( ,,! ,,executive ,,committee ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society ,,to ,,! ,fri5ds ( ,fre$om & ,emancipation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,at ! ,t5? ,anniv]s>y ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 held 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 ,may #g?1 #ahdd1--;aft] grave delib]ation1 & a long & e>ne/ discussion1--x 0 decid$1 by a vote ( ne>ly ?ree to "o ( ! memb]s pres5t1 t fidelity to ! cause ( human fre$om1 hatr$ ( oppression1 sympa?y = ^? :o are held 9 *a9s & slav]y 9 ?is republic1 & allegiance to ,god1 require t ! exi/+ national compact %\ld be in/antly dissolv$2 t secession f ! gov]nm5t is a religi\s & political duty2 t ! motto inscrib$ on ! bann] ( ,fre$om %\ld be1 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s2 t x is impracticable = tyrants & ! enemies ( tyranny to coalesce & legislate toge!r = ! pres]vation ( human rights1 or ! promotion ( ! int]e/s ( ,lib]ty2 & t revolution>y gr\nd %\ld be occupi$ by all ^? :o abhor ! ?\ght ( do+ evil t good may come1 & :o d n mean to compromise ! pr9ciples ( ,ju/ice & humanity4 ,a decision involv+ su* mom5t\s consequ5ces1 s well calculat$ to />tle ! public m9d1 s ho/ile to ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s1 dem&s ( u1 z ! (ficial repres5tatives ( ! ,am]ican ,society1 a /atem5t ( ! reasons :i* l$ to x4 ,?is is due n only to ! ,society1 b also to ! c\ntry & ! _w4 ,x is decl>$ by ! ,am]ican p to be a self-evid5t tru?1 t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t !y are end[$ ,,by ,,_! ,,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among ^! are life1 ,,lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,x is fur!r ma9ta9$ by !m1 t all gov]nm5ts d]ive _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$2 t :5ev] any =m ( gov]nm5t becomes de/ructive ( human rights1 x is ! "r ( ! p to alt] or to aboli% x1 & in/itute a new gov]nm5t1 lay+ its f\ndation on su* pr9ciples1 & organiz+ its p[]s 9 su* =m z to !m %all seem mo/ likely to effect _! safety & happ9ess4 ,^! doctr9es ! patriots ( #aggf seal$ ) _! blood4 ,!y w\ld n brook ev5 ! m5ace ( oppression4 ,!y held t !re %\ld be no delay 9 resi/+ at :atev] co/ or p]il1 ! fir/ encroa*m5ts ( p[] on _! lib]ties4 ,appeal+ to ! great ,rul] ( ! univ]se = ! rectitude ( _! c\rse1 !y pl$g$ to ea* o!r _! lives1 _! =tunes & _! sacr$ honor1 to conqu] or p]i% 9 _! /ruggle to be free4 ,= ! example :i* !y set to all p subject$ to a despotic sway1 & ! sacrifices :i* !y made1 _! desc5dants *]i% _! memories ) gratitude1 rev]5ce _! virtues1 honor _! de$s1 & glory 9 _! triumphs4 ,x is n necess>y1 !re=e1 = u to prove t a /ate ( slav]y is incompatible ) ! dictates ( reason & humanity2 or t x is lawful to ?r[ (f a gov]nm5t :i* is at w> ) ! sacr$ rights ( mank9d4 ,we reg>d ?is z inde$ a solemn crisis1 :i* requires ( e man sobriety ( ?\ght1 prophetic =eca/1 indep5d5t judgm5t1 inv9cible det]m9ation1 & a s\nd he>t4 ,a revolution>y /ep is "o t %\ld n be tak5 ha/ily1 nor foll[$ "u ! influ5ce ( impulsive imitation4 ,to "k :at _s !y are (--:e!r !y h c\nt$ ! co/ ( ! w>f>e--:at are ! pr9ciples !y advocate--& h[ !y are to a*ieve _! object--is ! fir/ duty ( revolutioni/s4 ,b1 :ile circumspection & prud5ce are excell5t qualities 9 e great em]g5cy1 !y become ! allies ( tyranny :5ev] !y re/ra9 prompt1 bold & decisive action aga9/ x4 ,we *>ge ^u ! pres5t national compact1 t x 0 =m$ at ! exp5se ( human lib]ty1 by a pr(ligate surr5d] ( pr9ciple1 & to ?is h\r is cem5t$ ) human blood4 ,we *>ge ^u ! ,am]ican ,con/itution1 t x conta9s provisions1 & enjo9s duties1 :i* make x unlawful = freem5 to take ! oa? ( allegiance to x1 because !y are expressly design$ to favor a slavehold+ olig>*y1 & consequ5tly1 to make "o portion ( ! p a prey to ano!r4 ,we *>ge ^u ! exi/+ national gov]nm5t1 t x is an insupportable despotism1 wield$ by a p[] :i* is sup]ior to all legal & con/itutional re/ra9ts--equally indispos$ & unable to protect ! lives or lib]ties ( ! p--! prop & safegu>d ( ,am]ican slav]y4 ,^! *>ges we proce$ briefly to e/abli%3 ,i4 ,x is admitt$ by all m5 ( intellig5ce1--or if x be d5i$ 9 any qu>t]1 ! records ( our national hi/ory settle ! "q beyond d\bt1--t ! ,am]ican ,union 0 effect$ by a guilty compromise betwe5 ! free & slavehold+ ,/ates2 9 o!r words1 by immolat+ ! color$ population on ! alt> ( slav]y1 by depriv+ ! ,nor? ( equal rights & privileges1 & by incorporat+ ! slave sy/em into ! gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! expressive & p]t95t language ( scripture1 x 0 a cov5ant ) dea?1 & an agreem5t ) hell--null & void be=e ,god1 f ! fir/ h\r ( its inception--! fram]s ( :i* 7 recreant to duty1 & ! support]s ( :i* are equally guilty4 ,x 0 plead$ at ! "t ( ! adoption1 x is plead$ n[1 t1 )\t su* a compromise !re c\ld h be5 no union2 t1 )\t union1 ! colonies w\ld h become an easy prey to ! "m c\ntry2 &1 h5ce1 t x 0 an act ( necessity1 deplorable inde$ :5 view$ alone1 b absolutely indisp5sable to ! safety ( ! republic4 ,to ?is see reply3 ,! plea is z pr(ligate z ! act 0 tyrannical4 ,x is ! jesuitical doctr9e1 t ! end sanctifies ! means4 ,x is a confession ( s91 b ! d5ial ( any guilt 9 its p]petration4 ,x is at w> ) ! gov]nm5t ( ,god1 & subv]sive ( ! f\ndations ( morality4 ,x is to make lies our refuge1 & "u falsehood to hide ourselves1 s t we may escape ! ov]fl[+ sc\rge4 ,!re=e1 ?us sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,judgm5t w ,i lay to ! l9e1 & righte\sness to ! plummet2 & ! hail %all sweep away ! refuge ( lies1 & ! wat]s %all ov]fl[ ! hid+ place4 ,moreov]1 because ye tru/ 9 oppression & p]v]s5ess1 & /ay !reon2 !re=e ?is iniquity %all be to y z a brea* ready to fall1 swell+ out 9 a high wall1 ^: break+ come? sudd5ly at an in/ant4 ,& he %all break x z ! break+ ( ! pott]'s vessel t is brok5 9 pieces2 he %all n sp>e4 ,?is plea is suffici5tly broad to cov] all ! oppression & villany t ! sun has witness$ 9 8 circuit1 s9ce ,god said1 ,let !re be light4 ,x assumes t to be practicable1 :i* is impossible1 namely1 t !re c be fre$om ) slav]y1 union ) inju/ice1 & safety ) bloodguilt9ess4 ,a union ( virtue ) pollution is ! triumph ( lic5ti\sness4 ,a p>tn]%ip betwe5 "r & wrong1 is :olly wrong4 ,a compromise ( ! pr9ciples ( ,ju/ice1 is ! deification ( crime4 ,bett] t ! ,am]ican ,union _h nev] be5 =m$1 ?an t x %\ld h be5 obta9$ at su* a frightful co/6 ,if !y 7 guilty :o fa%ion$ x1 b :o c\ld n =esee all its frightful consequ5ces1 h[ mu* m guilty are !y1 :o1 9 full view ( all t has result$ f x1 clamor = its p]petuity6 ,if x 0 s9ful at ! comm5cem5t1 to adopt x on ! gr\nd ( escap+ a great] evil1 is x n equally s9ful to swe> to support x = ! same reason1 or until1 9 process ( "t1 x be purg$ f its corruption8 ,! fact is1 ! compromise allud$ to1 in/ead ( effect+ a union1 r5d]$ x impracticable2 unless by ! t]m union are to und]/& ! absolute reign ( ! slavehold+ p[] ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 to ! pro/ration ( ,nor!rn rights4 ,9 ! j use ( words1 ! ,am]ican ,union is & always has be5 a %am--an impo/ure4 ,x is an in/rum5t ( oppression unsurpass$ 9 ! crim9al hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,h[ !n c x be innoc5tly su/a9$8 ,x is n c]ta91 x is n ev5 probable1 t if x _h n be5 adopt$1 ! "m c\ntry w\ld h reconqu]$ ! colonies4 ,! _s t w\ld h *os5 dang] 9 pref]5ce to crime1--to p]i% ) ju/ice r ?an live ) di%onor1--to d>e & suff] :atev] might betide1 r ?an sacrifice ! rights ( "o human be+1--c\ld nev] h be5 subjugat$ by any mortal p[]4 ,surely x is pay+ a poor tribute to ! valor & devotion ( our revolution>y fa!rs 9 ! cause ( lib]ty1 to say t1 if !y _h /]nly refus$ to sacrifice _! pr9ciples1 !y w\ld h fall5 an easy prey to ! despotic p[] ( ,engl&4 ,,ii4 ,! ,am]ican ,con/itution is ! expon5t ( ! national compact4 ,we affirm t x is an in/rum5t :i* no man c innoc5tly b9d himself to support1 because its anti-republican & anti-*ri/ian requirem5ts are explicit & p]emptory2 at lea/1 s explicit t1 9 reg>d to all ! clauses p]ta9+ to slav]y1 !y h be5 uni=mly und]/ood & en=c$ 9 ! same way1 by all ! c\rts & by all ! p2 & s p]emptory1 t no individual int]pretation or au?ority c set !m aside ) impunity4 ,x is n a ball ( clay1 to be m\ld$ into any %ape t p>ty contrivance or caprice may *oose x to assume4 ,x is n a =m ( words1 to be int]pret$ 9 any mann]1 or to any ext5t1 or = ! accompli%m5t ( any purpose1 t individuals 9 (fice "u x may det]m9e4 ,x means precisely :at ^? :o fram$ & adopt$ x meant--,,no?+ ,,m1 ,,no?+ ,,less1 z a matt] ( b>ga9 & compromise4 ,ev5 if x c be con/ru$ to mean some?+ else1 )\t viol5ce to its language1 su* con/ruction is n to be tol]at$ aga9/ ! wi%es ( ei!r p>ty4 ,no j or hone/ use ( x c be made1 9 opposition to ! pla9 int5tion ( its fram]s1 except to decl>e ! contract at an end1 & to refuse to s]ve "u x4 ,to ! argum5t1 t ! words slaves & slav]y are n to be f\nd 9 ! ,con/itution1 & !re=e t x 0 nev] int5d$ to give any protection or c\nt5ance to ! slave sy/em1 x is suffici5t to reply1 t ?\gh no su* words are conta9$ 9 t in/rum5t1 o!r words 7 us$1 intellig5tly & specifically1 ,,to ,,meet ,,! ,,necessities ,,( ,,slav]y2 & t ^! 7 adopt$ 9 good fai?1 to be obs]v$ until a con/itutional *ange c\ld be effect$4 ,on ?is po9t1 z to ! design ( c]ta9 provisions1 no intellig5t man c hone/ly ent]ta9 a d\bt4 ,if x be object$1 t ?\gh ^! provisions 7 meant to cov] slav]y1 yet1 z !y c fairly be int]pret$ to mean some?+ exactly ! rev]se1 x is all[able to give to !m su* an int]pretation1 especially z ! cause ( fre$om w !reby be promot$--we reply1 t ?is is to advocate fraud & viol5ce t[>d "o ( ! contract+ p>ties1 ^: co-op]ation 0 secur$ only by an express agreem5t & und]/&+ betwe5 !m bo?1 9 reg>d to ! clauses allud$ to2 & t su* a con/ruction1 if en=c$ by pa9s & p5alties1 w\ld unque/ionably lead to a civil w>1 9 :i* ! aggriev$ p>ty w\ld ju/ly claim to h be5 betray$1 & robb$ ( _! con/itutional rights4 ,aga91 if x be said1 t ^? clauses1 be+ immoral1 are null & void--we reply1 x is true !y are n to be obs]v$2 b x is also true t !y are portions ( an in/rum5t1 ! support ( :i*1 ,,z ,a ,,:ole1 is requir$ by oa? or affirmation2 &1 !re=e1 because !y are immoral1 & ,,because ,,( ,,?is ,,obligation ,,to ,,en=ce ,,immorality1 no "o c innoc5tly swe> to support ! ,con/itution4 ,aga91 if x be object$1 t ! ,con/itution 0 =m$ by ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to e/abli% ju/ice1 to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 & secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to !mselves & _! po/]ity2 & !re=e1 x is to be s con/ru$ z to h>monize ) ^! objects2 we reply1 aga91 t its language is n to be int]pret$ 9 a s5se :i* nei!r ( ! contract+ p>ties und]/ood1 & :i* w\ld fru/rate e design ( _! alliance--to wit1 union at ! exp5se ( ! color$ population ( ! c\ntry4 ,moreov]1 no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t ! preamble allud$ to nev] includ$1 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o fram$ x1 ^? :o 7 !n p9+ 9 bondage--=1 9 t case1 a g5]al emancipation ( ! slaves w\ld h in/antly be5 proclaim$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! words1 secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ourselves & our po/]ity1 assur$ly meant only ! :ite population4 ,to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 ref]r$ to _! own welf>e exclusively4 ,to e/abli% ju/ice1 0 und]/ood to be = _! sole b5efit z slavehold]s1 & ! guilty abettors ( slav]y4 ,?is is demon/rat$ by o!r p>ts ( ! same in/rum5t1 & by _! own practice "u x4 ,we w\ld n detract aught f :at is ju/ly _! due2 b x is z repreh5sible to give !m cr$it = :at !y did n possess1 z x is to rob !m ( :at is !irs4 ,x is absurd1 x is false1 x is an insult to ! common s5se ( mank9d1 to pret5d t ! ,con/itution 0 int5d$ to embrace ! entire population ( ! c\ntry "u its %elt]+ w+s2 or t ! p>ties to x 7 actuat$ by a s5se ( ju/ice & ! _s ( imp>tial lib]ty2 or t x ne$s no alt]ation1 b only a new int]pretation1 to make x h>monize ) ! object aim$ at by its adoption4 ,z truly might x be argu$1 t because x is ass]t$ 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 t all m5 are creat$ equal & end[$ ) an inali5able "r to lib]ty1 !re=e none ( its sign]s 7 slavehold]s1 & s9ce its adoption1 slav]y has be5 bani%$ f ! ,am]ican soil6 ,! tru? is1 our fa!rs 7 int5t on secur+ lib]ty to !mselves1 )\t be+ v scrupul\s z to ! means !y us$ to accompli% _! purpose4 ,!y 7 n actuat$ by ! _s ( univ]sal philan?ropy2 & ?\gh 9 words !y recogniz$ occasionally ! bro!rhood ( ! human race1 9 practice !y cont9ually d5i$ x4 ,!y did n blu% to enslave a portion ( _! fell[-m51 & to buy & sell !m z cattle 9 ! m>ket1 :ile !y 7 fight+ aga9/ ! oppression ( ! "m c\ntry1 & boa/+ ( _! reg>d = ! rights ( man4 ,:y1 !n1 conc$e to !m virtues :i* !y did n posses8 ,:y cl+ to ! falsehood1 t !y 7 no respect]s ( p]son 9 ! =mation ( ! gov]nm5t8 ,alas6 t !y _h no m fe> ( ,god1 no m reg>d = man1 9 _! he>ts6 ,! iniquity ( ! h\se ( ,israel & ,judah ,! ,nor? & ,s\? is exce$+ great1 & ! l& is full ( blood1 & ! city full ( p]v]s5ess2 = !y say1 ! ,"l ha? =sak5 ! e>?1 & ! ,"l see? n4 ,we proce$ to a critical exam9ation ( ! ,am]ican ,con/itution1 9 its relations to slav]y4 ,9 ,,article ,i1 ,section #i1 x is decl>$--,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress1 prior to ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight2 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,9 ?is ,section1 x w be p]ceiv$1 ! phraseology is s gu>d$ z n to imply1 ex necessitate1 any crim9al int5t or inhuman arrangem5t2 & yet no "o has ev] _h ! h>dihood or folly to d5y1 t x 0 cle>ly und]/ood by ! contract+ p>ties1 to mean t !re %\ld be no int]f]5ce ) ! ,african slave trade1 on ! "p ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 until ! ye> #ahjh4 ,= tw5ty ye>s aft] ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution1 ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 to be enc\rag$ & protect$ 9 ! prosecution ( t inf]nal traffic--9 sack+ & burn+ ! hamlets ( ,africa--9 slaught]+ multitudes ( ! in(f5sive natives on ! soil1 kidnapp+ & enslav+ a /ill great] proportion1 cr[d+ !m to suffocation 9 ! holds ( ! slave %ips1 populat+ ! ,atlantic ) _! dead bodies1 & subject+ ! wret*$ survivors to all ! horrors ( unmitigat$ bondage6 ,?is awful cov5ant 0 /rictly fulfill$2 & ?\gh1 s9ce its t]m9ation1 ,congress has decl>$ ! =eign slave traffic to be piracy1 yet all ,*ri/5dom kn[s t ! ,am]ican flag1 in/ead ( be+ ! t]ror ( ! ,african slav]s1 has giv5 !m ! mo/ ample protection4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! #i? ,section 0 agre$ to1 by ! national conv5tion t =m$ ! con/itution1 is ?us frankly av[$ by ! ,hon4 ,lu!r ,m>t91#h :o 0 a prom95t memb] ( t body3 ,footnote #h3 ,spee* be=e ! ,legislature ( ,m>yl& 9 #aghg4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 not)/&+ _! av]sion ( slav]y1 767 7 v will+ to indulge ! ,s\!rn ,/ates at lea/ ) a tempor>y lib]ty to prosecute ! slave trade1 provid$ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld1 9 _! turn1 gratify !m by lay+ no re/riction on navigation acts2 &1 aft] a v little "t1 ! committee1 by a great majority1 agre$ on a report1 by :i* ! g5]al gov]nm5t 0 to be prohibit$ f prev5t+ ! importation ( slaves = a limit$ "t2 & ! re/rictive clause relative to navigation acts 0 to be omitt$4 ,behold ! iniquity ( ?is agreem5t6 h[ sordid 7 ! motives :i* l$ to x6 :at a pr(ligate disreg>d ( ju/ice & humanity1 on ! "p ( ^? :o _h solemnly decl>$ ! inali5able "r ( all m5 to be free & equal1 to be a self-evid5t tru?6 ,x is due to ! national conv5tion to say1 t ?is section 0 n adopt$ )\t consid]able opposition4 ,allud+ to x1 ,mr4 ,m>t9 obs]ves-- ,x 0 said we _h j assum$ a place among ! indep5d5t nations 9 consequ5ce ( our opposition to ! attempts ( ,great ,brita9 to enslave u2 t ?is opposition 0 gr\nd$ ^u ! pres]vation ( ^? rights to :i* ,god & nature has entitl$ u1 n 9 p>ticul>1 b 9 common ) all ! re/ ( mank9d2 t we _h appeal$ to ! ,supreme ,be+ = 8 assi/ance1 z ! ,god ( fre$om1 :o c\ld n b approve our ef=ts to pres]ve ! rights :i* he _h ?us imp>t$ to 8 creatures2 t n[1 :5 we _h sc>cely ris5 f our knees1 f supplicat+ 8 m]cy & protection 9 =m+ our gov]nm5t ov] a free p1 a gov]nm5t =m$ pret5d$ly on ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 & = its pres]vation1--9 t gov]nm5t to h a provision1 n only ( putt+ out ( its p[] to re/ra9 & prev5t ! slave trade1 ev5 enc\rag+ t mo/ infam\s traffic1 by giv+ ! ,/ates ! p[] & influ5ce 9 ! ,union 9 proportion z !y cruelly & wantonly sport$ ) ! rights ( _! fell[-creatures1 ought to be consid]$ z a solemn mock]y (1 & insult to1 t ,god ^: protection we _h ?us implor$1 & c\ld n fail to hold u up 9 dete/ation1 & r5d] u contemptible to e true fri5d ( lib]ty 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 said t national crimes c only be1 & frequ5tly are1 puni%$ 9 ?is _w by national puni%m5ts1 & t ! cont9uance ( ! slave trade1 & ?us giv+ x a national "*1 sanction1 & enc\ragem5t1 ought to be consid]$ z ju/ly expos+ u to ! displeasure & v5geance ( him :o is equally ! ,"l ( all1 & :o views ) equal eye ! poor ,african slave & 8 ,am]ican ma/]6 #i ,footnote #i3 ,h[ t]ribly & ju/ly z ! guilty nation be5 sc\rg$1 s9ce ^! words 7 spok51 on acc\nt ( slav]y & ! slave trade6 ,x 0 urg$ t1 by ?is sy/em1 we 7 giv+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t full & absolute p[] to regulate comm]ce1 "u :i* g5]al p[] x w\ld h a "r to re/ra91 or totally prohibit1 ! slave trade3 x mu/1 !re=e1 appe> to ! _w absurd & disgraceful to ! la/ degree t we %\ld except f ! ex]cise ( t p[] ! only bran* ( comm]ce :i* is unju/ifiable 9 its nature1 & contr>y to ! rights ( mank9d4 ,t1 on ! contr>y1 we ought to prohibit expressly1 9 our ,con/itution1 ! fur!r importation ( slaves1 & to au?orize ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 f "t to "t1 to make su* regulations z %\ld be ?\ght mo/ advantage\s = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 & ! emancipation ( ! slaves already 9 ! ,/ates4 ,t slav]y is inconsi/5t ) ! g5ius ( republicanism1 & has a t5d5cy to de/roy ^? pr9ciples on :i* x is support$1 z x less5s ! s5se ( ! equal rights ( mank9d1 & habituates to tyranny & oppression4 ,x 0 fur!r urg$ t1 by ?is sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 e ,/ate is to be protect$ bo? f =eign invasion & f dome/ic insurrections2 &1 f ?is consid]ation1 x 0 ( ! utmo/ importance x %\ld h ! p[] to re/ra9 ! importation ( slaves1 s9ce 9 proportion z ! numb] ( slaves increas$ 9 any ,/ate1 9 ! same proportion is ! ,/ate weak5$ & expos$ to =eign invasion & dome/ic insurrection2 & by s mu* less w x be able to protect itself aga9/ ei!r1 & !re=e by s mu*1 want aid & be a burd5 to1 ! ,union4 ,x 0 fur!r said1 t1 9 ?is sy/em1 z we 7 giv+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t p[]1 "u ! idea ( national "*1 or national int]e/1 to regulate ev5 our weights & measures1 & h prohibit$ all possibility ( emitt+ pap] money1 & pass+ insolv5t laws1 c41 x mu/ appe> /ill m extraord9>y t we prohibit$ ! gov]nm5t f int]f]+ ) ! slave trade1 ?an :i* no?+ c\ld m effect our national honor & int]e/4 ,^! reasons influ5c$ me1 bo? 9 ! committee & 9 ! conv5tion1 mo/ decid$ly to oppose & vote aga9/ ! clause1 z x n[ makes "p ( ! sy/em4 #aj ,footnote #aj3 ,secret ,proce$+s1 p4 #fa4 ,happy _h x be5 = ?is nation1 _h ^! solemn consid]ations be5 he$$ by ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution6 ,b = ! sake ( secur+ "s local advantages1 !y *oose to d evil t good may come1 & to make ! end sanctify ! means4 ,!y 7 will+ to enslave o!rs1 t !y might secure _! own fre$om4 ,!y did ?is de$ delib]ately1 ) _! eyes op51 ) all ! facts & consequ5ces aris+ !refrom be=e !m1 9 violation ( all _! heav5-atte/$ decl>ations1 & 9 a!i/ical di/ru/ ( ! ov]rul+ p[] ( ,god4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates 7 v will+ to indulge ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 9 ! unre/rict$ prosecution ( _! piratical traffic1 provid$ 9 return !y c\ld be gratifi$ by no re/riction on be+ laid on navigation acts66--,_h !re be5 no o!r provision ( ! ,con/itution ju/ly liable to objection1 ?is "o alone r5d]$ ! support ( t in/rum5t incompatible ) ! duties :i* m5 owe to _! ,creator1 & to ea* o!r4 ,x 0 ! poison\s infusion 9 ! cup1 :i*1 ?\gh con/itut+ b a v slight portion ( its cont5ts1 p]ill$ ! life ( e "o :o p>took ( x4 ,if x be ask$ to :at purpose are ^! animadv]sions1 s9ce ! clause allud$ to has long s9ce expir$ by its own limitation--we answ]1 t1 if at any "t ! =eign slave trade c\ld be con/itutionally prosecut$1 x may yet be r5ew$1 "u ! ,con/itution1 at ! pleasure ( ,congress1 ^: prohibitory /atute is liable to be rev]s$ at any mom5t1 9 ! fr5zy ( ,s\!rn opposition to emancipation4 ,x is ignorantly suppos$ t ! b>ga9 01 t ! traffic %\ld cease 9 #ahjh2 b ! only ?+ secur$ by x 01 ! "r ( ,congress 7n any obligation7 to prohibit x at t p]iod4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,congress _h n *os5 to ex]cise t "r1 ! traffic might h be5 prolong$ indef9itely1 "u ! ,con/itution4 ,! "r to de/roy any p>ticul> bran* ( comm]ce1 implies ! "r to re-e/abli% x4 ,true1 !re is no probability t ! ,african slave trade w ev] aga9 be legaliz$ by ! national gov]nm5t2 b no cr$it is due ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution on ?is gr\nd2 =1 :ile !y ?rew ar\nd x all ! sanction & protection ( ! national "* & p[] = tw5ty ye>s1 !y set no b\nds to its cont9uance by any positive con/itutional prohibition4 ,aga91 ! adoption ( su* a clause1 & ! fai?ful execution ( x1 prove :at 0 meant by ! words ( ! preamble--to =m a m p]fect union1 e/abli% ju/ice1 insure dome/ic tranquillity1 provide = ! common def5ce1 promote ! g5]al welf>e1 & secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ourselves & our po/]ity--namely1 t ! p>ties to ! ,con/itution reg>d$ only _! own rights & int]e/s1 & nev] int5d$ t its language %\ld be s int]pret$ z to int]f]e ) slav]y1 or to make x unlawful = "o portion ( ! p to enslave ano!r1 )\t an express alt]ation 9 ! in/rum5t1 9 ! mann] !re9 set =?4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ! ,con/itution rema9s z x 0 orig9ally adopt$1 !y :o swe> to support x are b\nd to comply ) all its provisions1 z a matt] ( allegiance4 ,= x avails no?+ to say1 t "s ( ^? provisions are at w> ) ! law ( ,god & ! rights ( man1 & !re=e are n obligatory4 ,:atev] may be _! "*1 !y are con/itutionally1 obligatory2 & :oev] feels t he _c execute !m1 or swe> to execute !m1 )\t committ+ s91 has no o!r *oice left ?an to )draw f ! gov]nm5t1 or to violate 8 consci5ce by tak+ on 8 lips an impi\s promise4 ,! object ( ! ,con/itution is n to def9e :at is ! law ( ,god1 b ,,:at ,,is ,,! ,,w ,,( ,,! ,,p--:i* w is n to be fru/rat$ by an +5i\s moral int]pretation1 by ^? :om !y h elect$ to s]ve !m4 ,,article #a1 ,sect4 #b1 provides--,repres5tatives & direct taxes %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates1 :i* may be includ$ )9 ?is ,union1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 :i* %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,"h1 z 9 ! clause we h already exam9$1 veil$ b5ea? a =m ( words z deceitful z x is unmean+ 9 a truly democratic gov]nm5t1 is a provision = ! safety1 p]petuity & augm5tation ( ! slavehold+ p[]--a provision sc>cely less atroci\s ?an t :i* relat$ to ! ,african slave trade1 & almo/ z afflictive 9 its op]ation--a provision /ill 9 =ce1 ) no possibility ( its alt]ation1 s long z a majority ( ! slave ,/ates *oose to ma9ta9 _! slave sy/em--a provision :i*1 at ! pres5t "t1 enables ! ,s\? to h tw5ty-five additional repres5tatives 9 ,congress on ! score ( prop]ty1 :ile ! ,nor? is n all[$ to h "o--a provision :i* conc$es to ! oppress$ ?ree-fif?s ( ! political p[] :i* is grant$ to all o!rs1 & !n puts ?is p[] into ! h&s ( _! oppressors1 to be wield$ by !m = ! m p]fect security ( _! tyrann\s au?ority1 & ! complete subjugation ( ! non-slavehold+ ,/ates4 ,ref]r+ to ?is atroci\s b>ga91 ,,alex&] ,,hamilton rem>k$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,conv5tion-- ,! fir/ ?+ object$ to1 is t clause :i* all[s a repres5tation = ?ree-fif?s ( ! negroes4 ,mu* has be5 said ( ! impropriety ( repres5t+ m5 :o h no w ( _! own3 :e!r ?is is reason+1 or declamation1 7667 ,i w n presume to say4 ,x is ! un=tunate situation ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to h a great "p ( _! population1 z well z prop]ty1 9 blacks4 ,! regulation compla9$ ( 0 "o result ( ! _s ( accommodation :i* gov]n$ ! ,conv5tion3 & )\t ?is indulg5ce1 ,,no ,,union ,,c\ld ,,possibly ,,h ,,be5 ,,=m$4 ,b1 sir1 consid]+ "s peculi> advantages :i* we d]ive f !m1 x is entirely ,,j t !y %\ld be gratifi$4--,! ,s\!rn ,/ates possess c]ta9 /aples1 tobacco1 rice1 indigo1 c4--:i* mu/ be capital objects 9 treaties ( comm]ce ) =eign nations2 & ! advantage :i* !y necess>ily procure 9 ^! treaties w be felt ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ /ates4 ,if su* 0 ! patriotism1 su* ! love ( lib]ty1 su* ! morality ( ,,alex&] ,,hamilton1 :at c be said ( ! "* ( ^? :o 7 f> less conspicu\s ?an himself 9 secur+ ,am]ican indep5d5ce1 & 9 fram+ ! ,am]ican ,con/itution8 ,li/51 n[1 to ! que/ions ( ,,john ,,qu9cy ,,adams1 respect+ ! con/itutional clause n[ "u consid]ation3-- ',9 outw>d %[1 x is a repres5tation ( p]sons 9 bondage2 9 fact1 x is a repres5tation ( _! ma/]s1--! oppressor repres5t+ ! oppress$4'--',is x 9 ! compass ( human imag9ation to devise a m p]fect exemplification ( ! art ( committ+ ! lamb to ! t5d] cu/ody ( ! wolf8'--',! repres5tative is ?us con/itut$1 n ! fri5d1 ag5t & tru/ee ( ! p]son :om he repres5ts1 b ! mo/ invet]ate ( 8 foes4'--',x 0 "o ( ! curses f t ,p&ora's box1 adju/$ at ! "t1 z usual1 by a compromise1 ! :ole advantage ( :i* inur$ to ! b5efit ( ! ,s\?1 & to aggravate ! burd5s ( ! ,nor?4'--',if !re be a p>allel to x 9 human hi/ory1 x c only be t ( ! ,roman ,emp]ors1 :o1 f ! days :5 ,julius ,caes> sub/itut$ a milit>y despotism 9 ! place ( a republic1 among ! (fices :i* !y always conc5trat$ ^u !mselves1 0 t ( tribune ( ! p4 ,a ,roman ,emp]or tribune ( ! p1 is an exact p>allel to t feature 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* makes ! ma/] ! repres5tative ( 8 slave4'--',! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates expressly prescribes t no title ( nobility %all be grant$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! _s ( ?is int]dict is n a root$ antipa?y to ! grant ( m]e p[]less empty titles1 b to titles ( nobility2 to ! in/itution ( privileg$ ord]s ( m54 ,b :at ord] ( m5 "u ! mo/ absolute ( mon>*ies1 or ! mo/ ari/ocratic ( republics1 0 ev] inve/$ ) su* an odi\s & unju/ privilege z t ( ! sep>ate & exclusive repres5tation ( less ?an half a million own]s ( slaves1 9 ! ,hall ( ?is ,h\se1 9 ! ,*air ( ! ,s5ate1 & 9 ! ,presid5tial mansion8'--',?is inve/m5t ( p[] 9 ! own]s ( "o species ( prop]ty conc5trat$ 9 ! highe/ au?orities ( ! nation1 & dissem9at$ ?r\gh ?irte5 ( ! tw5ty-six ,/ates ( ! ,union1 con/itutes a privileg$ ord] ( m5 9 ! community1 m adv]se to ! rights ( all1 & m p]nici\s to ! int]e/s ( ! :ole1 ?an any ord] ( nobility ev] kn[n4 ,to call gov]nm5t ?us con/itut$ a democracy1 is to insult ! und]/&+ ( mank9d4 ,to call x an ari/ocracy1 is to d inju/ice to t =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,ari/ocracy is ! gov]nm5t ( ! be/4 ,its /&>d qualification = accession to p[] is m]it1 asc]ta9$ by popul> election recurr+ at %ort int]vals ( "t4 ,if ev5 t gov]nm5t is prone to deg5]ate into tyranny1 :at mu/ be ! "* ( t =m ( polity 9 :i* ! /&>d qualification = access to p[] is weal? 9 ! possession ( slaves8 ,x is d\bly ta9t$ ) ! infection ( ri*es & ( slav]y4 ,!re is no "n 9 ! language ( national jurisprud5ce t c def9e x--no model 9 ! records ( anci5t hi/ory1 or 9 ! political !ories ( ,ari/otle1 ) :i* x c be lik5$4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by an equivocation--a repres5tation ( prop]ty "u ! "n ( p]sons4 ,little did ! memb]s ( ! ,conv5tion f ! free ,/ates =esee :at a sacrifice to ,molo* 0 hidd5 "u ! mask ( ?is concession4'--',! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates consi/s ( #bbc memb]s--all1 by ! lett] ( ! ,con/itution1 repres5tatives only ( p]sons1 z #ace ( !m really are2 b ! o!r #hh1 equally repres5t+ ! p]sons ( _! con/itu5ts1 by :om !y are elect$1 also repres5t1 "u ! "n ( o!r p]sons1 upw>ds ( two & a half millions ( slaves1 held z ! prop]ty ( less ?an half a million ( ! :ite con/itu5ts1 & valu$ at twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s4 ,ea* ( ^! #hh memb]s repres5ts 9 fact ! :ole ( t mass ( associat$ weal?1 & ! p]sons & exclusive int]e/s ( its own]s2 all ?us knit toge!r1 l ! memb]s ( a money$ corporation1 ) a capital n ( ?irty-five or =ty or fifty1 b ( twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s1 exhibit+ ! mo/ extraord9>y exemplification ( ! anti-republican t5d5cies ( associat$ weal? t ! _w ev] saw4'--',"h is "o class ( m51 consi/+ ( n m ?an "o =tie? "p ( ! :ole p1 n m ?an "o-?irtie? "p ( ! free population1 exclusively devot$ to _! p]sonal int]e/s id5tifi$ ) _! own z slavehold]s ( ! same associat$ weal?1 & wield+ by _! votes1 ^u e "q ( gov]nm5t or ( public policy1 two-fif?s ( ! :ole p[] ( ! ,h\se4 ,9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,union1 ! proportion ( ! slavehold+ p[] is yet great]4 ,by ! influ5ce ( slav]y1 9 ! ,/ates :]e ! in/itution is tol]at$1 ov] _! elections1 no o!r ?an a slavehold] c rise to ! di/9ction ( obta9+ a seat 9 ! ,s5ate2 & ?us1 ( ! #eb memb]s ( ! f$]al ,s5ate1 #bf are own]s ( slaves1 & z effectively repres5tatives ( t int]e/ z ! #hh memb]s elect$ by !m to ! ,h\se4'--',by ?is process x is t all political p[] 9 ! ,/ates is absorb$ & engross$ by ! own]s ( slaves1 & ! ov]rul+ policy ( ! ,/ates is %ap$ to /r5g!n & consolidate _! dom9ation4 ,! legislative1 executive1 & judicial au?orities are all 9 _! h&s--! pres]vation1 propagation1 & p]petuation ( ! black code ( slav]y--e law ( ! legislature becomes a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( ! slave2 e executive act a rivet to 8 hapless fate2 e judicial decision a p]v]sion ( ! human intellect to ! ju/ification ( wrong4'--',its reciprocal op]ation ^u ! gov]nm5t ( ! nation is1 to e/abli% an artificial majority 9 ! slave repres5tation ov] t ( ! free p1 9 ! ,am]ican ,congress1 & !reby to make ! ,,pres]vation1 ,,propagation1 ,,& ,,p]petuation ,,( ,,slav]y ,,! ,,vital ,,& ,,animat+ ,,_s ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,gov]nm5t4'--',! result is se5 9 ! fact t1 at ?is day1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & five out ( n9e ( ! ,judges ( ! ,supreme ,judicial ,c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 are n only citiz5s ( slavehold+ ,/ates1 b individual slavehold]s !mselves4 ,s are1 & con/antly h be51 ) sc>cely an exception1 all ! memb]s ( bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress f ! slavehold+ ,/ates2 & s are1 9 imm5sely disproportionate numb]s1 ! comm&+ (fic]s ( ! army & navy2 ! (fic]s ( ! cu/oms2 ! regi/]s & receiv]s ( ! l& (fices1 & ! po/-ma/]s ?r\gh\t ! slavehold+ ,/ates4--,! ,bi5nial ,regi/] indicates ! bir?-place ( all ! (fic]s employ$ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,union4 ,if x 7 requir$ to designate ! own]s ( ?is species ( prop]ty among !m1 x w\ld be little m ?an a catalogue ( slavehold]s4' ,x is confess$ by ,mr4 ,adams1 allud+ to ! national conv5tion t fram$ ! ,con/itution1 t ! delegation f ! free ,/ates1 9 _! extreme anxiety to conciliate ! asc5d5cy ( ! ,s\!rn slavehold]1 did li/5 to a compromise betwe5 "r & wrong--betwe5 fre$om & slav]y2 ( ! ultimate fruits ( :i* !y _h no conception1 b :i* already ev5 n[ is urg+ ! ,union to its inevitable ru9 & dissolution1 by a civil1 s]vile1 =eign1 & ,indian w>1 all comb9$ 9 "o2 a w>1 ! ess5tial issue ( :i* w be betwe5 fre$om & slav]y1 & 9 :i* ! unhall[$ /&>d ( slav]y w be ! desecrat$ bann] ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,union--t bann]1 fir/ unfurl$ to ! breeze1 inscrib$ ) ! self-evid5t tru?s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,h5ce to swe> to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z x is1 is to make a compromise betwe5 "r & wrong1 & to wage w> aga9/ human lib]ty4 ,x is to recognize & honor z republican legislators1 incorrigible m5-/eal]s1 ,,m]ciless ,,tyrants1 ,,blood ,,?ir/y ,,assass9s1 :o legislate ) deadly weapons ab\t _! p]sons1 su* z pi/ols1 dagg]s1 & b[ie-knives1 ) :i* !y ?reat5 to murd] any ,nor!rn s5ator or repres5tative :o %all d>e to /a9 _! honor1 or int]f]e ) _! rights6 ,!y con/itute a b&itti m fi]ce & cruel ?an any ^: atrocities are record$ on ! pages ( hi/ory or romance4 ,to mix ) !m on t]ms ( social or religi\s fell[%ip1 is to indicate a l[ /ate ( virtue2 b to ?9k ( adm9i/]+ a free gov]nm5t by _! co-op]ation1 is no?+ %ort ( insanity4 ,article ,,iv41 ,section #b1 decl>es1--no p]son held to s]vice or labor on "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,"h is a ?ird clause1 :i*1 l ! o!r two1 makes no m5tion ( slav]y or slaves1 9 express t]ms2 & yet1 l !m1 0 intellig5tly fram$ & mutually und]/ood by ! p>ties to ! ratification1 & int5d$ bo? to protect ! slave sy/em & to re/ore runaway slaves4 ,x alone makes slav]y a national in/itution1 a national crime1 & all ! p :o are n enslav$1 ! body-gu>d ov] ^? ^: lib]ties h be5 clov5 d[n4 ,?is agreem5t1 too1 has be5 fulfill$ to ! lett] by ! ,nor?4 ,"u ! ,mosaic disp5sation x 0 imp]atively comm&$1--,?\ %alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant :i* is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto !e3 he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose 9 "o ( ?y gates1 :]e x like? him be/3 ?\ %alt n oppress him4 ,! w>n+ :i* ! prophet ,isaiah gave to oppress+ ,moab 0 ( a simil> k9d3 ,take c\nsel1 execute judgm5t2 make ?y %ad[ z ! night 9 ! mid/ ( ! noon-day2 hide ! outca/s2 bewray n him t w&]e?4 ,let m9e outca/s dwell ) !e1 ,moab2 be ?\ a cov]t to !m f ! face ( ! spoil]4 ,! prophet ,obadiah br+s ! foll[+ *>ge aga9/ trea*]\s ,edom1 :i* is precisely applicable to ?is guilty nation3--,= ?y viol5ce aga9/ ?y bro!r ,jacob1 %ame %all come ov] !e1 & ?\ %alt be cut (f = ev]4 ,9 ! day t ?\ /oode/ on ! o!r side1 9 ! day t ! /rang]s c>ri$ away captive 8 =ces1 & =eign]s ent]$ into 8 gates1 & ca/ lots ^u ,j]usalem1 ev5 ?\ wa/ z "o ( !m4 ,b ?\ %\ld/ n h look$ on ! day ( ?y bro!r1 9 ! day t he became a /rang]2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h rejoic$ ov] ! *ildr5 ( ,judah1 9 ! day ( _! de/ruction2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h spok5 pr\dly 9 ! day ( di/ress2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h /ood 9 ! cross-way1 to cut (f ^? ( 8 t did escape2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h deliv]$ up ^? ( 8 t did rema91 9 ! day ( di/ress4 ,h[ exactly descriptive ( ?is boa/$ republic is ! impea*m5t ( ,edom by ! same prophet6 ,! pride ( ?y he>t ha? deceiv$ !e1 ?\ ^: habitation is high2 t sai? 9 ?y he>t1 ,:o %all br+ me d[n to ! gr\nd8 ,?\gh ?\ exalt ?yself z ! eagle1 & ?\gh ?\ set ?y ne/ among ! />s1 !nce w ,i br+ !e d[n1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,! emblem ( ,am]ican pride & p[] is ! eagle1 & on h] bann] %e has m+l$ />s ) its /ripes4 ,h] vanity1 h] trea*]y1 h] oppression1 h] self-exaltation1 & h] defiance ( ! ,almighty1 f> surpass ! madness & wick$ness ( ,edom4 ,:at %all be h] puni%m5t8 ,truly1 x may be affirm$ ( ! ,am]ican p1 7:o live n "u ! ,levitical b ,*ri/ian code1 & ^: guilt1 !re=e1 is ! m awful1 & _! condemnation ! great]17 9 ! language ( ano!r prophet--,!y all lie 9 wait = blood2 !y hunt e man 8 bro!r ) a net4 ,t !y may d evil ) bo? h&s e>ne/ly1 ! pr9ce aske?1 & ! judge aske? = a rew>d2 & ! great man1 he utt]e? 8 mis*iev\s desire3 s !y wrap x up4 ,likewise ( ! color$ inhabitants ( ?is l& x may be said1--,?is is a p robb$ & spoil$2 !y are all ( !m sn>$ 9 holes1 & !y are hid 9 prison-h\ses2 !y are = a prey1 & none deliv]e?2 = a spoil1 & none sai?1 ,re/ore4 ,by ?is /ipulation1 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates are made ! hunt+ gr\nd ( slave-cat*]s1 :o may pursue _! victims ) bloodh\nds1 & capture !m ) impunity :]ev] !y c lay _! robb] h&s ^u !m4 ,at lea/ twelve or fifte5 ?\s& runaway slaves are n[ 9 ,canada1 exil$ f _! native l&1 because !y c\ld n f9d1 ?r\gh\t its va/ ext5t1 a s+le road on :i* !y c\ld dwell 9 safety1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is provision ( ! ,con/itution8 ,h[ is x possible1 !n1 = ! advocates ( lib]ty to support a gov]nm5t :i* gives ov] to de/ruction "o-six? "p ( ! :ole population8 ,x is d5i$ by "s at ! pres5t day1 t ! clause :i* has be5 cit$1 0 int5d$ to apply to runaway slaves4 ,?is indicates ei!r ignorance1 or folly or some?+ worse4 ,,james ,,madison1 z "o ( ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution1 is ( "s au?ority on ?is po9t4 ,allud+ to t in/rum5t1 9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion1 he said3-- ,ano!r clause secures u t prop]ty :i* we n[ possess4 ,at pres5t1 if any slave elopes to ^? ,/ates :]e slaves are free1 he becomes emancipat$ by _! laws2 = ! laws ( ! ,/ates are un*>itable 767 to "o ano!r 9 ?is respect2 b 9 ?is con/itution1 ',no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor1 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4' ,,?is ,,clause ,,0 ,,expressly ,,ins]t$ ,,to ,,enable ,,! ,,own]s ,,( ,,slaves ,,to ,,reclaim ,,!m4 ,?is is a bett] security ?an any t n[ exi/s4 ,no p[] is giv5 to ! g5]al gov]nm5t to int]f]e ) respect to ! prop]ty 9 slaves n[ held by ! ,/ates4 ,9 ! same conv5tion1 allud+ to ! same clause1 ,,gov4 ,,r&olph said3-- ,e "o kn[s t slaves are held to s]vice or labor4 ,&1 :5 au?ority is giv5 to own]s ( slaves to v9dicate _! prop]ty1 c x be suppos$ !y c be depriv$ ( x8 ,if a citiz5 ( ?is ,/ate1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is clause1 c take 8 runaway slave 9 ,m>yl&1 c x be s]i\sly ?\ght t1 aft] tak+ him & br++ him home1 he c\ld be made free8 ,x is object$1 t slaves are held z prop]ty1 & !re=e1 z ! clause ref]s to p]sons1 x _c mean slaves4 ,b ?is is criticism aga9/ fact4 ,slaves are recogniz$ n m]ely z prop]ty1 b also z p]sons--z hav+ a mix$ "*--z comb9+ ! human ) ! brutal4 ,?is is p>adoxical1 we admit2 b slav]y is a p>adox--! ,am]ican ,con/itution is a p>adox--! ,am]ican ,union is a p>adox--! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t is a p>adox2 & if any "o ( ^! is to be repudiat$ on t gr\nd1 !y all are4 ,t x is ! duty ( ! fri5ds ( fre$om to d5y ! b9d+ au?ority ( !m all1 & to sec$e f !m all1 we di/9ctly affirm4 ,aft] ! indep5d5ce ( ?is c\ntry _h be5 a*iev$1 ! voice ( ,god exhort$ ! p1 say+1 ,execute true judgm5t1 & %[ m]cy & compassion1 e man to 8 bro!r3 & oppress n ! wid[1 nor ! fa!rless1 ! /rang]1 nor ! poor2 & let none ( y imag9e evil aga9/ 8 bro!r 9 y\r he>t4 ,b !y refus$ to he>k51 & pull$ away ! %\ld]1 & /opp$ _! e>s1 t !y %\ld n he>2 yea1 !y made _! he>ts z an adamant /one4 ,%all ,i n visit = ^! ?+s8 sai? ! ,"l4 ,%all n my s\l be av5g$ on su* a notion z ?is8 ,:atev] d\bt may h re/$ on any hone/ m9d1 respect+ ! mean+ ( ! clause 9 relation to p]sons held to s]vice or labor1 mu/ h be5 remov$ by ! unanim\s decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ! case ( ,prigg v]sus ,! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,by t decision1 any ,s\!rn slave-cat*] is emp[]$ to seize & convey to ! ,s\?1 )\t h9drance or mole/ation on ! "p ( ! ,/ate1 & )\t any legal process duly obta9$ & s]v$1 any p]son or p]sons1 irrespective ( ca/e or complexion1 :om he may *oose to claim z runaway slaves2 & if1 :5 ?us surpris$ & attack$1 or on _! arrival ,s\?1 !y _c prove by legal witnesses1 t !y are freem51 _! doom is seal$6 ,h5ce ! free color$ population ( ! ,nor? are specially liable to become ! victims ( ?is t]rible p[]1 & all ! o!r inhabitants are at ! m]cy ( pr[l+ kidnapp]s1 because !re are multitudes ( :ite z well z black slaves on ,s\!rn plantations1 & slav]y is no long] fa/idi\s ) reg>d to ! color ( its prey4 ,z soon z t appall+ decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt 0 enunciat$1 9 ! "n ( ! ,con/itution1 ! p ( ! ,nor? %\ld h ris5 en masse1 if = no o!r cause1 & decl>$ ! ,union at an end2 & !y w\ld h done s1 if !y _h n lo/ _! manhood1 & _! rev]5ce = ju/ice & lib]ty4 ,9 ! #d? ,sect4 ( ,art4 ,,iv41 ! ,unit$ ,/ates gu>antee to protect e ,/ate 9 ! ,union aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce4 ,by ! #h? ,section ( ,article ,i41 congress is emp[]$ to provide = call+ =? ! militia to execute ! laws ( ! ,union1 suppress insurrections1 & repel invasions4 ,^! provisions1 h[ev] /rictly !y may apply to cases ( di/urbance among ! :ite population1 7 adopt$ ) special ref]5ce to ! slave population1 = ! purpose ( keep+ !m 9 _! *a9s by ! comb9$ milit>y =ce ( ! c\ntry2 & 7 ^! repeal$1 & ! ,s\? left to manage h] slaves z be/ %e c\ld1 a s]vile insurrection w\ld ere long be ! consequ5ce1 z g5]al z x w\ld unque/ionably be successful4 ,says ,mr4 ,madison1 respect+ ^! clauses3-- ,on application ( ! legislature or executive1 z ! case may be1 ! militia ( ! o!r ,/ates are to be call$ to suppress dome/ic insurrections4 ,does ?is b> ! ,/ates f call+ =? _! own militia8 ,no2 b x gives !m a supplem5t>y security to suppress insurrections & dome/ic viol5ce4 ,! answ] to ,patrick ,h5ry's objection1 z urg$ aga9/ ! con/itution 9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion1 t !re 0 no p[] left to ! ,/ates to quell an insurrection ( slaves1 z x 0 :olly ve/$ 9 congress1 ,george ,ni*olas ask$3-- ,h !y x n[8 ,if !y h1 does ! con/itution take x away8 ,if x does1 x mu/ be 9 "o ( ^? clauses :i* h be5 m5tion$ by ! wor?y memb]4 ,! fir/ "p gives ! g5]al gov]nm5t p[] to call !m out :5 necess>y4 ,does ?is take x away f ! ,/ates8 ,no6 b x gives an additional security2 =1 beside ! p[] 9 ! ,/ate gov]nm5t to use _! own militia1 x w be ! duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to aid !m ,,) ,,! ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,! ,,union1 :5 call$ =4 ,?is solemn gu>anty ( security to ! slave sy/em1 caps ! climax ( national b>b>ity1 & /a9s ) human blood ! g>m5ts ( all ! p4 ,9 consequ5ce ( x1 t sy/em has multipli$ its victims f five hundr$ ?\s& to ne>ly ?ree millions--a va/ am\nt ( t]ritory has be5 pur*as$1 9 ord] to give x ext5sion & p]petuity--sev]al new slave ,/ates h be5 admitt$ into ! ,union--! slave trade has be5 made "o ( ! great bran*es ( ,am]ican comm]ce--! slave population1 ?\gh ov]-work$1 />v$1 lac]at$1 br&$1 maim$1 & subject$ to e =m ( deprivation & e species ( torture1 h be5 ov]aw$ & cru%$1--or1 :5ev] !y h attempt$ to ga9 _! lib]ty by revolt1 !y h be5 %ot d[n & quell$ by ! /rong arm ( ! national gov]nm5t2 z1 = example1 9 ! case ( ,nat ,turn]'s insurrection 9 ,virg9ia1 :5 ! naval & milit>y =ces ( ! gov]nm5t 7 call$ into active s]vice4 ,cuban bloodh\nds h be5 pur*as$ ) ! money ( ! p1 & import$ & us$ to hunt slave fugitives among ! ev]glades ( ,florida4 ,a m]ciless w>f>e has be5 wag$ = ! ext]m9ation or expulsion ( ! ,florida ,indians1 because !y gave succor to ^? poor hunt$ fugitives--a w>f>e :i* has co/ ! nation sev]al ?\s& lives1 & =ty millions ( doll>s4 ,b ! catalogue ( enormities is too long to be recapitulat$ 9 ! pres5t address4 ,we h ?us demon/rat$ t ! compact betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\? embraces e v>iety ( wrong & outrage1--is at w> ) ,god & man1 _c be innoc5tly support$1 & des]ves to be imm$iately annull$4 ,9 behalf ( ! ,society :i* we repres5t1 we call ^u all our fell[-citiz5s1 :o believe x is "r to obey ,god r ?an man1 to decl>e !mselves peaceful revolutioni/s1 & to unite ) u "u ! /a9less bann] ( ,lib]ty1 hav+ = its motto--,,equal ,,rights ,,= ,,all--,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s6 ,x is plead$ t ! ,con/itution provides = its own am5dm5t2 & we ought to use ! elective fran*ise to effect ?is object4 ,true1 !re is su* a proviso2 b1 until ! am5dm5t be made1 t in/rum5t is b9d+ z x /&s4 ,is x n to violate e moral in/9ct1 & to sacrifice pr9ciple to exp$i5cy1 to argue t we may swe> to /eal1 oppress & murd] by :olesale1 because x may be necess>y to d s only = ! "t be+1 & because !re is "s remote probability t ! in/rum5t :i* requires t we %\ld be robb]s1 oppressors & murd]]s1 may at "s future day be am5d$ 9 ^! p>ticul>s8 ,let u n palt] ) our consci5ces 9 ?is mann]--let u n d5y t ! compact 0 conceiv$ 9 s9 & br\ght =? 9 iniquity--let u n be s di%one/1 ev5 to promote a good object1 z to int]pret ! ,con/itution 9 a mann] utt]ly at v>iance ) ! int5tions & arrangem5ts ( ! contract+ p>ties2 b1 confess+ ! guilt ( ! nation1 ackn[l$g+ ! dreadful specifications 9 ! bond1 wa%+ our h&s 9 ! wat]s ( rep5tance f all fur!r p>ticipation 9 ?is crim9al alliance1 & resolv+ t we w su/a9 none o!r ?an a free & righte\s gov]nm5t1 let u glory 9 ! "n ( revolutioni/s1 unfurl ! bann] ( disunion1 & consecrate our tal5ts & means to ! ov]?r[ ( all t is tyrannical 9 ! l&1--to ! e/abli%m5t ( all t is free1 j1 true & holy1--to ! triumph ( univ]sal love & peace4 ,if1 9 utt] disreg>d ( ! hi/orical facts :i* h be5 cit$1 x is /ill ass]t$1 t ! ,con/itution ne$s no am5dm5t to make x a free in/rum5t1 adapt$ to all ! exig5cies ( a free p1 & 0 nev] int5d$ to give any /r5g? or c\nt5ance to ! slave sy/em--! indignant _s ( insult$ ,lib]ty replies3--,:at ?\gh ! ass]tion be true8 ,( :at avail is a m]e piece ( p>*m5t8 ,9 itself1 ?\gh x be writt5 all ov] ) words ( tru? & fre$om--?\gh its provisions be z imp>tial & j z words c express1 or ! imag9ation pa9t--?\gh x be z pure z ! gospel1 & brea! only ! _s ( ,heav5--x is p[]less2 x has no executive vitality2 x is a lifeless corpse1 ev5 ?\gh beautiful 9 dea?4 ,i am fami%+ = lack ( bread6 ,h[ is my appetite reliev$ by hold+ up to my gaze a pa9t$ loaf8 ,i am manacl$1 w\nd$1 ble$+1 dy+6 ,:at consolation is x to "k1 t !y :o are seek+ to de/roy my life1 pr(ess 9 words to be my fri5ds8 ,if ! lib]ties ( ! p h be5 betray$--if judgem5t is turn$ away backw>d & ju/ice /&e? af> (f1 & tru? has fall5 9 ! /reets1 & equality _c ent]--if ! pr9ces ( ! l& are ro>+ lions1 ! judges ev5+ wolves1 ! p light & trea*]\s p]sons1 ! prie/s cov]$ ) pollution--if we are liv+ "u a fright5$ despotism1 :i* sc(fs at all con/itutional re/ra9s1 & wields ! res\rces ( ! nation to promote its own bloody purposes--tell u n t ! =ms ( fre$om are /ill left to u6 ,w\ld su* tam5ess & submission h freight$ ! ,may-,fl[] = ,plym\? ,rock8 ,w\ld x h resi/$ ! ,/amp ,act1 ! ,tea ,tax1 or any ( ^? ent]+ w$ges ( tyranny ) :i* ! ,briti% gov]nm5t s\ght to rive ! lib]ties ( ,am]ica8 ,! :eel ( ! ,revolution w\ld h ru/$ on its axle1 if a _s s weak _h be5 ! only p[] to give x motion4 ,did our fa!rs say1 :5 _! rights & lib]ties 7 infr+$--,:y1 :at is done _c be undone4 ,t is ! fir/ ?\ght4 ,no x 0 ! la/ ?+ !y ?\ght (3 or1 r x nev] ent]$ _! m9ds at all4 ,!y sprang to ! conclusion at once--,:at is done ,,%all be undone4 ,t is our ,,fir/ & ,,only ?\ght4 ,is wat] runn+ 9 our ve9s8 ,d we rememb] /ill ,old ,plym\? ,rock1 & ,lex+ton1 & fam\s ,bunk] ,hill8 ,! debt we owe our fa!rs' graves8 & to ! yet unborn1 ,^: h]itage ourselves mu/ make a ?+ ( pride or scorn8 ,gray ,plym\? ,rock ha? yet a tongue1 & ,concord is n dumb2 ,& voices f our fa!rs' graves & f ! future come3 ,!y call on u to /& our gr\nd--!y *>ge u /ill to be ,n only free f *a9s ourselves1 b =emo/ to make free6 ,x is ( little consequ5ce :o is on ! ?rone1 if !re be beh9d x a p[] mighti] ?an ! ?rone4 ,x matt]s n :at is ! !ory ( ! gov]nm5t1 if ! practice ( ! gov]nm5t be unju/ & tyrannical4 ,we rise 9 rebellion aga9/ a despotism incomp>ably m dreadful ?an t :i* induc$ ! coloni/s to take up arms aga9/ ! "m c\ntry2 n on acc\nt ( a ?ree-p5ny tax on tea1 b because fett]s ( liv+ iron are fa/5$ on ! limbs ( millions ( our c\ntrym51 & our own sacr$ rights are trampl$ 9 ! du/4 ,z citiz5s ( ! ,/ate1 we appeal to ! ,/ate 9 va9 = protection & r$ress4 ,z citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 we are treat$ z outlaws 9 "o half ( ! c\ntry1 & ! national gov]nm5t cons5ts to our de/ruction4 ,we are d5i$ ! "r ( locomotion1 fre$om ( spee*1 ! "r ( petition1 ! lib]ty ( ! press1 ! "r peaceably to assemble toge!r to prote/ aga9/ oppression & plead = lib]ty--at lea/ 9 ?irte5 ,/ates ( ! ,union4 ,if we v5ture1 z av[$ & unfl9*+ abolitioni/s1 to travel ,s\? ( ,mason & ,dixon's l9e1 we d s at ! p]il ( our lives4 ,if we w\ld escape torture & dea?1 on visit+ any ( ! slave ,/ates1 we mu/ /ifle our consci5ti\s convictions1 he> no te/imony aga9/ cruelty & tyranny1 suppress ! /ruggl+ emotions ( humanity1 dive/ ourselves ( all lett]s & pap]s ( an antislav]y "*1 & d homage to ! slavehold+ p[]--or run ! risk ( a cruel m>tyrdom6 ,^! are appall+ & und5iable facts4 ,?ree millions ( ! ,am]ican p are cru%$ "u ! ,am]ican ,union6 ,!y are held z slaves--traffick$ z m]*&ise--regi/]$ z goods & *attels6 ,! gov]nm5t gives !m no protection--! gov]nm5t is _! enemy--! gov]nm5t keeps !m 9 *a9s6 ,!re !y lie ble$+--we are pro/rate by _! side--9 _! sorr[s & suff]+s we p>ticipate--_! /ripes are inflict$ on our bodies1 _! %ackles are fa/5$ to our limbs1 _! cause is ours6 ,! ,union :i* gr9ds !m to ! du/ re/s ^u u1 & ) !m we w /ruggle to ov]?r[ x6 ,! ,con/itution1 :i* subjects !m to hopeless bondage1 is "o t we _c swe> to support6 ,our motto is1 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s1 ei!r religi\s or political4 ,!y are ! fi]ce/ enemies ( mank9d1 & ! bitt]e/ foes ( ,god6 ,we sep>ate f !m n 9 ang]1 n 9 malice1 n = a selfi% purpose1 n to d !m an injury1 n to cease w>n+1 exhort+1 reprov+ !m = _! crimes1 n to leave ! p]i%+ bondman to 8 fate--,o no6 ,b to cle> our skirts ( innoc5t blood--to give ! oppressor no c\nt5ance--to signify our abhorr5ce ( inju/ice & cruelty--to te/ify aga9/ an ungodly compact--to cease /rik+ h&s ) ?ieves & cons5t+ ) adult]]s--to make no compromise ) tyranny--to walk wor?ily ( our high pr(ession--to increase our moral p[] ov] ! nation--to obey ,god & v9dicate ! gospel ( ,8 ,son--to ha/5 ! d[nfall ( slav]y 9 ,am]ica1 & ?r\gh\t ! _w6 ,we are n act+ "u a bl9d impulse4 ,we h c>efully c\nt$ ! co/ ( ?is w>f>e1 & are prep>$ to meet its consequ5ces4 ,x w subject u to reproa*1 p]secution1 infamy--x w prove a fi]y ordeal to all :o %all pass ?r\gh x--x may co/ u our lives4 ,we %all be ridicul$ z fools1 scorn$ z vision>ies1 br&$ z disorganiz]s1 revil$ z madm51 ?reat5$ & p]haps puni%$ z traitors4 ,b we %all bide our "t4 ,:e!r safety or p]il1 :e!r victory or defeat1 :e!r life or dea? be ours1 believ+ t our feet are plant$ on an et]nal f\ndation1 t our position is sublime & glori\s1 t our fai? 9 ,god is rational & /eadfa/1 t we h exce$+ great & preci\s promises on :i* to rely1 ,,t ,,we ,,are ,,9 ,,! ,,"r1 we %all n falt] nor be dismay$1 ?\gh ! e>? be remov$1 & ?\gh ! m\nta9s be c>ri$ into ! mid/ ( ! sea1--?\gh our ranks be ?9n$ to ! numb] ( ?ree hundr$ m54 ,freem56 are y ready = ! conflict8 ,come :at may1 w y sev] ! *a9 t b9ds y to a slavehold+ gov]nm5t1 & decl>e y\r indep5d5ce8 ,up1 !n1 ) ! bann] ( revolution6 ,n to %$ blood--n to injure ! p]son or e/ate ( any oppressor--n by =ce & arms to resi/ any law--n to c\nt5ance a s]vile insurrection--n to wield any c>nal weapons6 ,no--ours mu/ be a bloodless /rife1 except+ our blood be %$--= we aim1 z did ,*ri/ our lead]1 n to de/roy m5's lives1 b to save !m--to ov]come evil ) good--to conqu] ?r\gh suff]+ = righte\sness' sake--to set ! captive free by ! pot5cy ( tru?6 ,sec$e1 !n1 f ! gov]nm5t4 ,submit to its exactions1 b pay x no allegiance1 & give x no volunt>y aid4 ,fill no (fices "u x4 ,s5d no s5ators or repres5tatives to ! national or ,/ate legislature2 = :at y _c consci5ti\sly p]=m y\rself1 y _c ask ano!r to p]=m z y\r ag5t4 ,circulate a decl>ation ( ,,disunion ,,f ,,slavehold]s1 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,hold mass meet+s--assemble 9 conv5tions--nail y\r bann]s to ! ma/6 ,d y ask :at c be done1 if y ab&on ! ballot-box8 ,:at did ! crucifi$ ,naz>5e d )\t ! elective fran*ise8 ,:at did ! apo/les d8 ,:at did ! glori\s army ( m>tyrs & confessors d8 ,:at did ,lu!r & 8 intrepid associates d8 ,:at c wom5 & *ildr5 d8 ,:at has ,fa!r ,ma!w done = teetotalism8 ,:at has ,daniel ,o',connell done = ,iri% repeal8 ,/&1 hav+ y\r lo9s girt ab\t ) tru?1 & hav+ on ! brea/-plate ( righte\sness1 & array$ 9 ! :ole armor ( ,god6 ,! =m ( gov]nm5t t %all succe$ ! pres5t gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 let "t det]m9e4 ,x w\ld be a wa/e ( "t to argue t "q1 until ! p are reg5]at$ & turn$ f _! iniquity4 ,ours is no an>*ical movem5t1 b "o ( ord] & ob$i5ce4 ,9 ceas+ f oppression1 we e/abli% lib]ty4 ,:at is n[ fragm5t>y1 %all 9 due "t be cry/alliz$1 & %9e l a gem set 9 ! heav5s1 = a light to all com+ ages4 ,f9ally--we believe t ! effect ( ?is movem5t w be1--,fir/1 to create discussion & agitation ?r\gh\t ! ,nor?2 & ^! w lead to a g5]al p]ception ( its gr&eur & importance4 ,secondly1 to convulse ! slumb]+ ,s\? l an e>?quake1 & conv9ce h] t h] only alt]native is1 to aboli% slav]y1 or be ab&on$ by t p[] on :i* %e n[ relies = safety4 ,?irdly1 to attack ! slave p[] 9 its mo/ vuln]able po9t1 & to c>ry ! battle to ! gate4 ,f\r?ly1 to exalt ! moral s5se1 increase ! moral p[]1 & invigorate ! moral con/itution ( all :o he>tily esp\se x4 ,we rev]5tly believe t1 9 )draw+ f ! ,am]ican ,union1 we h ! ,god ( ju/ice ) u4 ,we "k t we h our enslav$ c\ntrym5 ) u4 ,we are confid5t t all free he>ts w be ) u4 ,we are c]ta9 t tyrants & _! abettors w be aga9/ u4 ,9 behalf ( ! ,executive committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ,,wm4 ,,lloyd ,,g>rison1 ,presid5t4 ,,w5dell ,,phillips1 ,,m>ia ,,we/on ,,*apman ,secret>ies4 ,bo/on1 ,may #bj1 #ahdd4 ,,lett] ,,f ,,francis ,,jackson4 ,,bo/on1 #d? ,july1 #ahdd4 ,to ,8 ,excell5cy ,george ,n4 ,briggs3 ,,sir--,_m ye>s s9ce1 ,i receiv$ f ! executive ( ! ,commonweal? a commission z ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace4 ,i h held ! (fice t x conf]r$ ^u me till ! pres5t "t1 & h f\nd x a conv5i5ce to myself1 & o!rs4 ,x might cont9ue to be s1 c\ld ,i cons5t long] to hold x4 ,b p>am\nt consid]ations =bid1 & ,i h]e) transmit to y my commission respectfully ask+ y to accept my resignation4 ,:ile ,i deem x a duty to myself to take ?is /ep1 ,i feel call$ on to /ate ! reasons t influ5ce me4 ,9 ent]+ ^u ! duties ( ! (fice 9 "q1 ,i compli$ ) ! requirem5ts ( ! law1 by tak+ an oa? to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i regret t ,i ev] took t oa?4 ,_h ,i !n z maturely consid]$ its full import1 & ! obligations "u :i* x is und]/ood1 & meant to lay ^? :o take x1 z ,i h done s9ce1 ,i c]ta9ly nev] w\ld h tak5 x1 see+1 z ,i n[ d1 t ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates conta9s provisions calculat$ & int5d$ to fo/]1 *]i%1 uphold & p]petuate slav]y4 ,x pl$ges ! c\ntry to gu>d & protect ! slave sy/em s long z ! slavehold+ ,/ates *oose to reta9 x4 ,x reg>ds ! slave code z lawful 9 ! ,/ates :i* enact x4 ,/ill m1 x has done t1 :i*1 until its adoption1 0 nev] be=e done = ,african slav]y4 ,x took x out ( its =m] category ( municipal law & local life1 adopt$ x z a national in/itution1 spread ar\nd x ! broad & suffici5t %ield ( national law1 & ?us gave to slav]y a national exi/5ce4 ,consequ5tly1 ! oa? to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a solemn promise to d t :i* is morally wrong2 t :i* is a violation ( ! natural rights ( man1 & a s9 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,i am n1 9 ?is matt]1 con/itut+ myself a judge ( o!rs4 ,i d n say t no hone/ man c take su* an oa?1 & abide by x4 ,i only say1 t ,i w\ld n n[ delib]ately take x2 & t1 hav+ inconsid]ately tak5 x1 ,i c no long] suff] x to lie ^u my s\l4 ,i take back ! oa?1 & ask y1 sir1 to take back ! commission1 :i* 0 ! occasion ( my tak+ x4 ,i am aw>e t my c\rse 9 ?is matt] is liable to be reg>d$ z s+ul>1 if n c5surable2 & ,i mu/1 !re=e1 be all[$ to make a m specific /atem5t ( ^? provisions ( ! ,con/itution :i* support ! enorm\s wrong1 ! he9\s s9 ( slav]y4 ,! v fir/ ,article ( ! ,con/itution takes slav]y at once "u its legislative protection1 z a basis ( repres5tation 9 ! popul> bran* ( ! ,national ,legislature4 ,x reg>ds slaves "u ! description ( all o!r p]sons--z ( only ?ree-fif?s ( ! value ( free p]sons2 ?us to appe>ance und]valu+ !m 9 comp>ison ) freem54 ,b its d>k & involv$ phraseology seems int5d$ to bl9d u to ! consid]ation1 t ^? und]rat$ slaves are m]ely a basis1 n ! s\rce ( repres5tation2 t by ! laws ( all ! ,/ates :]e !y live1 !y are reg>d$ n z p]sons1 b z ?+s2 t !y are n ! con/itu5cy ( ! repres5tative1 b 8 prop]ty2 & t ! necess>y effect ( ?is provision ( ! ,con/itution is1 to take legislative p[] out ( ! h&s ( m5 z su*1 & give x to ! m]e possessors ( goods & *attels4 ,fix+ ^u ?irty ?\s& p]sons1 z ! smalle/ numb] t %all s5d "o memb] into ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 x protects slav]y by di/ribut+ legislative p[] 9 a free & 9 a slave ,/ate ?us3 ,to a congressional di/rict 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 conta9+ fifty ?\s& slaves1 claim$ z ! prop]ty ( five hundr$ :ites1 :o hold1 on an av]age1 "o hundr$ apiece1 x gives "o ,repres5tative 9 ,congress2 to a di/rict 9 ,massa*usetts conta9+ a population ( ?irty ?\s& five hundr$1 "o ,repres5tative is assign$4 ,b inasmu* z a slave is nev] p]mitt$ to vote1 ! fifty ?\s& p]sons 9 a di/rict 9 ,c>ol9a =m no "p ( ! con/itu5cy2 t is f\nd only 9 ! five hundr$ free p]sons4 ,five hundr$ freem5 ( ,c>ol9a c\ld s5d "o ,repres5tative to ,congress1 :ile x w\ld take ?irty ?\s& five hundr$ freem5 ( ,massa*usetts1 to d ! same ?+2 t is1 "o slavehold] 9 ,c>ol9a is clo!d by ! ,con/itution ) ! same political p[] & influ5ce 9 ! ,repres5tatives ,hall at ,wa%+ton1 z sixty ,massa*usetts m5 l y & me1 :o eat _! bread 9 ! sweat ( _! own br[s4 ,accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahcj1 & ! ratio ( repres5tation bas$ ^u t1 slave prop]ty add$ tw5ty-five memb]s to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,& z x has be5 e/imat$1 7z an approximation to ! tru?17 t ! two & a half million slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are held z prop]ty by ab\t two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p]sons--giv+ an av]age ( t5 slaves to ea* slavehold]1 ^? tw5ty-five ,repres5tatives1 ea* *os51 at mo/1 by only t5 ?\s& vot]s1 & probably by less ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( t numb]1 7 ! repres5tatives1 n only ( ! two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p]sons :o *ose !m2 b ( prop]ty :i*1 five ye>s ago1 :5 slaves 7 l[] 9 m>ket1 ?an at pres5t1 7 e/imat$1 by ! man :o is n[ ! mo/ prom95t c&idate = ! ,presid5cy1 at twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s--a sum1 :i*1 by ! natural increase ( five ye>s1 & ! enhanc$ value result+ f a m prosp]\s /ate ( ! plant+ int]e/1 _c n[ be less ?an fifte5 hundr$ millions ( doll>s4 ,all ?is va/ am\nt ( prop]ty1 z x is peculi>1 is also id5tical 9 its "*4 ,9 ,congress1 z we h se51 x is animat$ by "o _s1 moves 9 "o mass1 & is wield$ ) "o aim2 & :5 we consid] t tyranny is always timid1 & despotism di/ru/ful1 we see t ?is va/ money p[] w\ld be false to itself1 did x n direct all its eyes & h&s1 & put =? all its +5uity & en]gy1 to "o end--self-protection & self-p]petuation4 ,& ?is x has ev] done4 ,9 all ! vibrations ( ! political scale1 :e!r 9 relation to a ,bank or ,sub-,treasury1 ,free ,trade or a ,t>iff1 ?is imm5se p[] has mov$1 & w cont9ue to move1 9 "o mass1 = its own protection4 ,:ile ! weight ( ! slave influ5ce is ?us felt 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,union1 says ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 ! proportion ( slavehold+ p[] is /ill great]4 ,by ! influ5ce ( slav]y 9 ! ,/ates :]e ! in/itution is tol]at$1 ov] _! elections1 no o!r ?an a slavehold] c rise to ! di/9ction ( obta9+ a seat 9 ! ,s5ate2 & ?us1 ( ! fifty-two memb]s ( ! f$]al ,s5ate1 tw5ty-six are own]s ( slaves1 & are z effectually repres5tatives ( t int]e/1 z ! eighty-eight memb]s elect$ by !m to ! ,h\se4 ,! dom9ant p[] :i* ! ,con/itution gives to ! slave int]e/1 z ?us se5 & ex]cis$ 9 ! ,legislative ,halls ( our nation1 is equally obvi\s & obtrusive 9 e o!r dep>tm5t ( ! ,national gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! ,electoral college1 ! same cause produces ! same effect--! same p[] is wield$ = ! same purpose1 z 9 ! ,halls ( ,congress4 ,ev5 ! prelim9>y nom9at+ conv5tions1 be=e !y d>e "n a c&idate = ! highe/ (fice 9 ! gift ( ! p1 mu/ ask ( ! ,g5ius ( slav]y1 to :at vot>y %e w %[ h]self propiti\s4 ,?is v ye>1 we see bo? ! great political p>ties do+ homage to ! slave p[]1 by nom9at+ ea* a slavehold] = ! *air ( ,/ate4 ,! c&idate ( "o p>ty decl>es1 ,i %\ld h oppos$1 & w\ld cont9ue to oppose1 any s*eme :atev] ( emancipation1 ei!r gradual or imm$iate2 & adds1 ,x is n true1 & ,i rejoice t x is n true1 t ei!r ( ! two great p>ties ( ?is c\ntry has any design or aim at abolition4 ,i %\ld deeply lam5t x1 if x 7 true4#aa ,footnote #aa3 ,h5ry ,clay's spee* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate 9 #ahci1 & confirm$ at ,raleigh1 ,n4,c4 #ahdd4 ,! o!r p>ty nom9ates a man :o says1 ,i h no hesitation 9 decl>+ t ,i am 9 favor ( ! imm$iate re-annexation ( ,texas to ! t]ritory & gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?us bo? ! political p>ties1 & ! c&idates ( bo?1 vie ) ea* o!r1 9 (f]+ allegiance to ! slave p[]1 z a condition prec$5t to any hope ( success 9 ! /ruggle = ! executive *air2 a seat t1 = m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! exi/5ce ( our con/itutional gov]nm5t1 has be5 occupi$ by a slavehold]4 ,! same /]n despotism ov]%ad[s ev5 ! sanctu>ies ( ju/ice4 ,( ! n9e ,ju/ices ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 five are slavehold]s & ( c\rse1 mu/ be fai?less to _! own int]e/1 z well z recreant to ! p[] t gives !m place1 or mu/1 s f> z !y are conc]n$1 give bo? to law & con/itution su* a con/ruction z %all ju/ify ! language ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 :5 he says--,! legislative1 executive1 & judicial au?orities1 are all 9 _! h&s--= ! pres]vation1 propagation1 & p]petuation ( ! black code ( slav]y4 ,e law ( ! legislature becomes a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( ! slave2 e executive act a rivet to 8 hapless fate2 e judicial decision a p]v]sion ( ! human intellect to ! ju/ification ( wrong4 ,?us by m]ely adv]t+ b briefly to ! !ory & ! practical effect ( ?is clause ( ! ,con/itution1 t ,i h sworn to support1 x is se5 t x ?r[s ! political p[] ( ! nation into ! h&s ( ! slavehold]s2 a body ( m51 :i*1 h[ev] x may be reg>d$ by ! ,con/itution z p]sons1 is 9 fact & practical effect1 a va/ money$ corporation1 b\nd toge!r by an indissoluble unity ( int]e/1 by a common s5se ( a common dang]2 c\nsell+ at all times = its common protection2 wield+ ! :ole p[]1 & controll+ ! de/9y ( ! nation4 ,if we look into ! legislative halls1 slav]y is se5 9 ! *air ( ! presid+ (fic] ( ea*1 & controll+ ! action ( bo?4 ,slav]y occupies1 by prescriptive "r1 ! ,presid5tial *air4 ,! p>am\nt voice t comes f ! temple ( national ju/ice1 issues f ! lips ( slav]y4 ,! army is 9 ! h&s ( slav]y1 & at h] bidd+1 mu/ encamp 9 ! ev]glades ( ,florida1 or m>* f ! ,miss\ri to ! bord]s ( ,mexico1 to look aft] h] int]e/s 9 ,texas4 ,! navy1 ev5 t "p t is cruis+ (f ! coa/ ( ,africa1 to suppress ! =eign slave trade1 is 9 ! h&s ( slav]y4 ,freem5 ( ! ,nor?1 :o h ev5 d>$ to lift up _! voice aga9/ slav]y1 _c travel ?r\gh ! slave ,/ates1 b at ! p]il ( _! lives4 ,! repres5tatives ( freem5 are =bidd51 on ! floor on ,congress1 to remon/rate aga9/ ! encroa*m5ts ( slav]y1 or to pray t %e w\ld let h] poor victims g4 ,i r5\nce my allegiance to a ,con/itution t en?rones su* a p[]1 wield$ = ! purpose ( depriv+ me ( my rights1 ( robb+ my c\ntrym5 ( _! lib]ties1 & ( secur+ its own protection1 support & p]petuation4 ,pass+ by t clause ( ! ,con/itution1 :i* re/rict$ ,congress = tw5ty ye>s1 f pass+ any law aga9/ ! ,african slave trade1 & :i* gave au?ority to raise a rev5ue on ! /ol5 sons ( ,africa1 ,i come to t "p ( ! f\r? article1 :i* gu>antees protection aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce1 & :i* pl$ges to ! ,s\? ! milit>y =ce ( ! c\ntry1 to protect ! ma/]s aga9/ _! insurg5t slaves3 b9ds u1 & our *ildr51 to %oot d[n our fell[-c\ntrym51 :o may rise1 9 emulation ( our revolution>y fa!rs1 to v9dicate _! inali5able "r to life1 lib]ty & ! pursuit ( happ9ess1--?is clause ( ! ,con/itution1 ,i say di/9ctly1 ,i nev] w support4 ,t "p ( ! ,con/itution :i* provides = ! surr5d] ( fugitive slaves1 ,i nev] h support$ & nev] w4 ,i w jo9 9 no slave-hunt4 ,my door %all /& op51 z x has long /ood1 = ! pant+ & trembl+ victim ( ! slave-hunt]4 ,:5 ,i %ut x aga9/ him1 may ,god %ut ! door ( h] m]cy aga9/ me6 ,"u ?is clause ( ! ,con/itution1 & design$ to c>ry x into effect1 slav]y has dem&$ t laws %\ld be pass$1 & ( su* a "*1 z h left ! free citiz5 ( ! ,nor? )\t protection = 8 own lib]ty4 ,! "q1 :e!r a man seiz$ 9 a free ,/ate z a slave1 is a slave or n1 ! law ( ,congress does n all[ a jury to det]m9e3 b ref]s x to ! decision ( a ,judge ( a ,unit$ ,/ate' ,c\rt1 or ev5 ( ! humble/ ,/ate magi/rate1 x may be1 ^u ! te/imony or affidavit ( ! p>ty mo/ deeply int]e/$ to support ! claim4 ,by virtue ( ?is law1 freem5 h be5 seiz$ & dragg$ into p]petual slav]y--& %\ld ,i be seiz$ by a slave-hunt] 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry :]e ,i am n p]sonally kn[n1 nei!r ! ,con/itution nor laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld %ield me f ! same de/9y4 ,^!1 sir1 are ! specific p>ts ( ! ,con/itution ( ! unit$ ,/ates1 :i* 9 my op9ion are ess5tially vici\s1 ho/ile at once to ! lib]ty & to ! morals ( ! nation4 ,& ^! are ! pr9cipal reasons ( my refusal any long] to ackn[l$ge my allegiance to x1 & ( my det]m9ation to revoke my oa? to support x4 ,i _c1 9 ord] to keep ! law ( man1 break ! law ( ,god1 or solemnly call him to witness my promise t ,i w break x4 ,x is true t ! ,con/itution provides = its own am5dm5t1 & t by ?is process1 all ! gu>antees ( ,slav]y may be expung$4 ,b x w be "t en\gh to swe> to support x :5 ?is is done4 ,x _c be "r to d s1 until ^! am5dm5ts are made4 ,x is also true t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution did /udi\sly keep ! words ,slave & ,slav]y f its face4 ,b to d our con/itutional fa!rs ju/ice1 :ile !y =ebore--f v %ame--to give ! ^w ,slav]y a place 9 ! ,con/itution1 !y did n =be>--aga9 to d !m ju/ice--to give place 9 x to ! ?+4 ,!y 7 c>eful to wrap up ! idea1 & ! sub/ance ( ,slav]y1 9 ! clause = ! surr5d] ( ! fugitive1 ?\gh !y sacrific$ ju/ice 9 do+ s4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce t ?is clause t\*+ p]sons held to s]vice or labor1 n only op]ates practically1 "u ! judicial con/ruction1 = ! protection ( ! slave int]e/2 b t x 0 int5d$ s to op]ate by ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution4 ,! highe/ judicial au?orities--,*ief ,ju/ice ,%aw1 ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,massa*usetts1 9 ! ,latim] case1 & ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,/ory1 9 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ! case ( ,prigg vs4 ,! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania1--tell u1 ,i "k n on :at evid5ce1 t )\t ?is compromise1 ?is security = ,s\!rn slavehold]s1 ! ,union c\ld n h be5 =m$4 ,& !re is /ill high] evid5ce1 n only t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution meant by ?is clause to protect slav]y1 b t !y did ?is1 kn[+ t slav]y 0 wrong4 ,mr4 ,madison#ab in=ms u t ! clause 9 "q1 z x came out ( ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,johnson1 ! *airman ( ! committee on /yle1 read ?us3 ,no p]son legally held to s]vice1 or labor1 9 "o ,/ate1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 c41 & ! ^w legally 0 /ruck out1 & ! words "u ! laws !re( ins]t$ aft] ! ^w ,/ate1 9 compliance ) ! wi% ( "s1 :o ?\ght ! t]m legal equivocal1 & favor+ ! idea t slav]y 0 legal 9 a moral view4 ,a conclusive pro( t1 al?\gh future g5]ations might apply t clause to o!r k9ds ( s]vice or labor1 :5 slav]y %\ld h di$ out1 or be5 kill$ (f by ! "y _s ( lib]ty1 :i* 0 !n awake & at "w 9 ! l&2 /ill1 slav]y 0 :at !y 7 wrapp+ up 9 equivocal words3 & wrapp+ x up = its protection & safe keep+3 a conclusive pro( t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution 7 m c>eful to protect !mselves 9 ! judgem5t ( com+ g5]ations1 f ! *>ge ( ignorance1 ?an ( s92 a conclusive pro( t !y knew t slav]y 0 n legal 9 a moral view1 t x 0 a violation ( ! moral law ( ,god2 & yet kn[+ & confess+ its immorality1 !y d>$ to make ?is /ipulation = its support & def5ce4 ,footnote #ab3 ,madison ,pap]s1 p4 #aehi4 ,?is language may s\nd h>% to ! e>s ( ^? :o ?9k x a "p ( _! duty1 z citiz5s1 to ma9ta9 t :atev] ! patriots ( ! revolution did1 0 "r2 & :o hold t we are b\nd to d all ! iniquity t !y cov5ant$ = u t we %\ld d4 ,b ! claims ( tru? & "r are p>am\nt to all o!r claims4 ,) all our v5]ation = our con/itutional fa!rs1 we mu/ admit1--= !y h left on record _! own confession ( x1--t 9 ?is "p ( _! "w !y int5d$ to hold ! %ield ( _! protection ov] a wrong1 kn[+ t x 0 a wrong4 ,!y made a compromise :i* !y _h no "r to make--a compromise ( moral pr9ciple = ! sake ( :at !y probably reg>d$ z political exp$i5cy4 ,i am sure !y did n "k--no man c\ld "k1 or c n[ measure1 ! ext5t1 or ! consequ5ces ( ! wrong t !y 7 do+4 ,9 ! /rong language ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1#ac 9 relation to ! article fix+ ! basis ( repres5tation1 ,little did ! memb]s ( ! ,conv5tion1 f ! free ,/ates1 imag9e or =esee :at a sacrifice to ,molo* 0 hidd5 "u ! mask ( ?is concession4 ,footnote #ac3 ,see 8 ,report on ! ,massa*usetts ,resolutions4 ,i v]ily believe t1 giv+ all due consid]ation to ! b5efits conf]r$ ^u ?is nation by ! ,con/itution1 its national unity1 its swell+ masses ( weal?1 its p[]1 & ! ext]nal prosp]ity ( its multiply+ millions2 yet ! moral injury t has be5 done1 by ! c\nt5ance %[n to slav]y by hold+ ov] t trem5d\s s9 ! %ield ( ! ,con/itution1 & ?us break+ d[n 9 ! eyes ( ! nation ! b>ri] betwe5 "r & wrong2 by s t5d]ly *]i%+ slav]y z1 9 less ?an ! life ( man1 to multiply h] *ildr5 f half a million to ne>ly ?ree millions2 by exact+ oa?s f ^? :o occupy prom95t /ations 9 society1 t !y w violate at once ! rights ( man & ! law ( ,god2 by sub/itut+ itself z a rule ( "r1 9 place ( ! moral laws ( ! univ]se2--?us 9 effect1 de?ron+ ! ,almighty 9 ! he>ts ( ?is p & sett+ up ano!r sov]eign 9 8 /ead--m ?an outweighs x all4 ,a melan*oly & monitory lesson ?is1 to all "t-s]v+ & temporis+ /atesm56 ,a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! impolicy ( sacrific+ "r to any consid]ations ( exp$i5cy6 ,yet1 :at bett] ?an ! evil effects t we h se51 c\ld ! au?ors ( ! ,con/itution h reasonably expect$1 f ! sacrifice ( "r1 9 ! concessions !y made to slav]y8 ,0 x reasonable 9 !m to expect t aft] !y _h introduc$ a vici\s elem5t into ! v ,con/itution ( ! body politic :i* !y 7 call+ into life1 x w\ld n ex]t its vici\s en]gies8 ,0 x reasonable 9 !m to expect t1 aft] slav]y _h be5 corrupt+ ! public morals = a :ole g5]ation1 _! *ildr5 w\ld h too mu* virtue to use = ! def5ce ( slav]y1 a p[] :i* !y !mselves _h n too mu* virtue to give8 ,x is dang]\s = ! sov]eign p[] ( a ,/ate to lic5se immorality2 to hold ! %ield ( its protection ov] any ?+ t is n legal 9 a moral view4 ,br+ into y\r h\se a b5umb$ vip]1 & lay x d[n ^u y\r w>m he>?1 & soon x w n ask y into :i* room x may crawl4 ,let ,slav]y once lean ^u ! support+ arm1 & bask 9 ! fo/]+ smile ( ! ,/ate1 & y w soon see1 z we n[ see1 bo? h] m9ions & h] victims multiply apace till ! politics1 ! morals1 ! lib]ties1 ev5 ! religion ( ! nation1 are br\ght completely "u h] control4 ,to me1 x appe>s t ! virus ( slav]y1 introduc$ into ! ,con/itution ( our body politic1 by a few slight punctures1 has n[ s p]vad$ & poison$ ! :ole sy/em ( our ,national ,gov]nm5t1 t lit]ally !re is no heal? 9 x4 ,! only rem$y t ,i c see = ! disease1 is to be f\nd 9 ! dissolution ( ! pati5t4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 bo? 9 !ory & practice1 is s utt]ly brok5 d[n by ! influ5ce & effects ( slav]y1 s imbecile = ! highe/ good ( ! nation1 & s p[]ful = evil1 t ,i c give no volunt>y assi/ance 9 hold+ x up any long]4 ,h5ce=? x is dead to me1 & ,i to x4 ,i )draw all pr(ession ( allegiance to x1 & all my volunt>y ef=ts to su/a9 x4 ,! burd5s t x lays ^u me1 :ile x is held up by o!rs1 ,i %all endeavor to be> pati5tly1 yet act+ ) ref]5ce to a high] law1 & di/9ctly decl>+1 t :ile ,i reta9 my own lib]ty1 ,i w be a "p to no compact1 :i* helps to rob any o!r man ( 84 ,v respectfully1 y\r fri5d1 ,,francis ,,jackson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,f ,,mr4 ,,web/]',s ,,spee* ,,at ,,niblo',s ,,g>d5s4 ,we h slav]y1 already1 among/ u4 ,! ,con/itution f\nd x among u2 x recogniz$ x & gave x ,,solemn ,,gu>anties4 ,to ! full ext5t ( ^! gu>anties we are all b\nd1 9 honor1 9 ju/ice1 & by ! ,con/itution4 ,all ! /ipulations1 conta9$ 9 ! ,con/itution1 9 favor ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates :i* are already 9 ! ,union1 ought to be fulfill$1 & s f> z dep5ds on me1 %all be fulfill$1 9 ! fulness ( _! _s1 & to ! exactness ( _! lett]4666 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,john ,q4 ,,adams',s ,,address ,,at ,,nor? ,,bridgewat]1 ,,nov4 #f1 #ahdd4 ,! b5efits ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7 ! re/oration ( cr$it & reputation1 to ! c\ntry--! revival ( comm]ce1 navigation1 & %ip-build+--! acquisition ( ! means ( dis*>g+ ! debts ( ! ,revolution1 & ! protection & enc\ragem5t ( ! infant & droop+ manufactures ( ! c\ntry4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 z is n[ well asc]ta9$1 0 insuffici5t to propitiate ! rul]s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution4 ,:at !y specially want$ 0 protection4--,protection f ! p[]ful & savage tribes ( ,indians )9 _! bord]s1 & :o 7 h>rass+ !m ) ! mo/ t]rible ( w>s--& protection f _! own negroes--protection f _! insurrections--protection f _! escape--protection ev5 to ! trade by :i* !y 7 br\ght into ! c\ntry--protection1 %all ,i n blu% to say1 protection to ! v bondage by :i* !y 7 held4 ,yes6 x _c be d5i$--! slavehold+ lords ( ! ,s\? prescrib$1 z a condition ( _! ass5t to ! ,con/itution1 ?ree special provisions to secure ! p]petuity ( _! dom9ion ov] _! slaves4 ,! fir/ 0 ! immunity = tw5ty ye>s ( pres]v+ ! ,african slave-trade2 ! second 0 ! /ipulation to surr5d] fugitive slaves--an engagem5t positively prohibit$ by ! laws ( ,god1 deliv]$ f ,s9ai2 & ?irdly1 ! exaction fatal to ! pr9ciples ( popul> repres5tation1 ( a repres5tation = slaves--= articles ( m]*&ise1 "u ! "n ( p]sons4 ,! reluctance ) :i* ! freem5 ( ! ,nor? submitt$ to ! dictation ( ^! conditions1 is atte/$ by ! awkw>d & ambigu\s language 9 :i* !y are express$4 ,! ^w slave is mo/ cauti\sly & fa/idi\sly exclud$ f ! :ole in/rum5t4 ,a /rang]1 :o %\ld come f a =eign l&1 & read ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld n believe t slav]y or a slave exi/$ )9 ! bord]s ( our c\ntry4 ,!re is n ^w 9 ! ,con/itution app>5tly be>+ up on ! condition ( slav]y1 nor is !re a provision b w\ld be susceptible ( practical execution if !re 7 n a slave 9 ! l&4 ,! delegates f ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia di/9ctly av[$ t1 )\t ?is gu>antee ( protection to _! prop]ty 9 slaves1 !y w\ld n yield _! ass5t to ! ,con/itution2 & ! freem5 ( ! ,nor?1 r$uc$ to ! alt]native ( dep>t+ f ! vital pr9ciple ( _! lib]ty1 or ( =feit+ ! ,union itself1 av]t$ _! faces1 & ) trembl+ h& subscrib$ ! bond4 ,tw5ty ye>s pass$ away--! slave m>kets ( ! ,s\? 7 saturat$ ) ! blood ( ,african bondage1 & f midnight ( ! #ca/ ,decemb]1 #ahjg1 n a slave f ,africa 0 suff]$ ev] m to be introduc$ ^u our soil4 ,b ! int]nal traffic 0 /ill lawful1 & ! bre$+ ,/ates soon reconcil$ !mselves to a prohibition :i* gave !m ! monopoly ( ! int]dict$ trade1 & !y jo9$ ! full *orus ( reprobation1 to puni% ) dea? ! slave-trad] f ,africa1 :ile !y *]i%$ & %ield$ & enjoy$ ! preci\s pr(its ( ! ,am]ican slave-trade exclusively to !mselves4 ,p]haps ?is unhappy result ( _! concession _h n altoge!r escap$ ! =esight ( ! freem5 ( ! ,nor?2 b _! int5se anxiety = ! pres]vation ( ! :ole ,union1 & ! habit already =m$ ( yield+ to ! some:at p]emptory & ov]be>+ tone :i* ! relation ( ma/] & slave welds into ! nature ( ! "l1 prevail$ ) !m to ov]look ?is consid]ation1 ! int]nal slave-trade hav+ sc>cely exi/$ :ile t ) ,africa _h be5 all[$4 ,b ( "o consequ5ce :i* has foll[$ f ! slave repres5tation1 p]vad+ ! :ole organic /ructure ( ! ,con/itution1 !y c]ta9ly 7 n presci5t2 = if !y _h be51 nev]--no1 nev] w\ld !y h cons5t$ to x4 ,! repres5tation1 o/5sibly ( slaves1 "u ! "n ( p]sons1 0 9 its op]ation an exclusive grant ( p[] to "o class ( proprietors1 own]s ( "o species ( prop]ty1 to ! detrim5t ( all ! re/ ( ! community4 ,?is species ( prop]ty 0 odi\s 9 its nature1 held 9 direct violation ( ! natural & inali5able rights ( man1 & ( ! vital pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity2 x 0 all accumulat$ 9 "o geographical section ( ! c\ntry1 & 0 all held by weal?y m51 comp>atively small 9 numb]s1 n am\nt+ to a t5? "p ( ! free :ite population ( ! ,/ates 9 :i* x 0 conc5trat$4 ,9 "s ( ! anci5t1 & 9 "s mod]n republics1 extraord9>y political p[] & privileges h be5 inve/$ 9 ! own]s ( horses2 b !n ^! privileges & ^! p[]s h be5 grant$ = ! equival5t ( extraord9>y duties & s]vices to ! community1 requir$ ( ! favor$ class4 ,! ,roman knights con/itut$ ! cavalry ( _! armies1 & ! bu%els ( r+s ga!r$ by ,hannibal f _! dead bodies1 aft] ! battle ( ,cannae1 amply prove t ! special p[]s conf]r$ ^u !m 7 no gratuit\s grants4 ,b 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! political p[] inve/$ 9 ! own]s ( slaves is entirely gratuit\s4 ,no extraord9>y s]vice is requir$ ( !m2 !y are1 on ! contr>y1 !mselves griev\s burd5s ^u ! community1 always ?reat5$ ) ! dang] ( insurrections1 to be smo!r$ 9 ! blood ( bo? p>ties1 ma/] & slave1 & always depress+ ! condition ( ! poor free labor]1 by competition ) ! labor ( ! slave4 ,! prop]ty 9 horses 0 ! gift ( ,god to man1 at ! creation ( ! _w2 ! prop]ty 9 slaves is prop]ty acquir$ & held by crimes1 diff]+ 9 no moral aspect f ! pillage ( a freeboot]1 & to :i* no lapse ( "t c give a prescriptive "r4 ,y are told t ?is is no conc]n ( y\rs1 & t ! "q ( fre$om & slav]y is exclusively res]v$ to ! consid]ation ( ! sep>ate ,/ates4 ,b if x be s1 z to ! m]e "q ( "r betwe5 ma/] & slave1 x is ( trem5d\s conc]n to y t ?is little clu/] ( slave-own]s %\ld possess1 besides _! own %>e 9 ! repres5tative hall ( ! nation1 ! exclusive privilege ( appo9t+ two-fif?s ( ! :ole numb] ( ! repres5tatives ( ! p4 ,?is is n[ y\r condition1 "u t delusive ambiguity ( language & ( pr9ciple1 :i* beg9s by decl>+ ! repres5tation 9 ! popul> bran* ( ! legislature a repres5tation ( p]sons1 & !n provides t "o class ( p]sons %all h nei!r "p nor lot 9 ! *oice ( _! repres5tative2 b _! elective fran*ise %all he transf]r$ to _! ma/]s1 & ! oppressors %all repres5t ! oppress$4 ,! same p]v]sion ( ! repres5tative pr9ciple pollutes ! composition ( ! colleges ( electors ( ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & e dep>tm5t ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,union is ?us ta9t$ at its s\rce by ! gangr5e ( slav]y4 ,fell[-citiz5s1--) a body ( m5 ?us compos$1 = legislators & executors ( ! laws1 :at w1 :at mu/ be1 :at has be5 y\r legislation8 ,! numb]s ( freem5 con/itut+ y\r nation are mu* great] ?an ^? ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 bond & free4 ,y h at lea/ ?ree-fif?s ( ! :ole population ( ! ,union4 ,y\r influ5ce on ! legislation & ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t ought to be 9 ! proportion ( ?ree to two4--,b h[ /&s ! fact8 ,besides ! legitimate portion ( influ5ce ex]cis$ by ! slavehold+ ,/ates by ! measure ( _! numb]s1 "h is an intrusive influ5ce 9 e dep>tm5t1 by a repres5tation nom9ally ( p]sons1 b really ( prop]ty1 o/5sibly ( slaves1 b effectively ( _! ma/]s1 ov]balanc+ y\r sup]iority ( numb]s1 add+ two-fif?s ( supplem5t>y p[] to ! two-fif?s fairly secur$ to !m by ! compact1 ,,controll+ ,,& ,,ov]rul+ ,,! ,,:ole ,,action ,,( ,,y\r ,,gov]nm5t ,,at ,,home ,,& ,,abroad1 & w>p+ x to ! sordid private int]e/ & oppressive policy ( #cjj1jjj own]s ( slaves4 ,f ! "t ( ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y has be5 becom+ m & m ! abhorr5ce ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,b 9 proportion z x has be5 gr[+ odi\s to all ! re/ ( mank9d1 x has be5 s9k+ deep] & deep] into ! affections ( ! hold]s ( slaves !mselves4 ,! cultivation ( cotton & ( sug>1 unkn[n 9 ! ,union at ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,con/itution1 has add$ l>gely to ! pecuni>y value ( ! slave4 ,& ! suppression ( ! ,african slave-trade z piracy ^u pa9 ( dea?1 by secur+ ! b5efit ( a monopoly to ! virtu\s slavehold]s ( ! anci5t dom9ion1 has turn$ h] h]oic tyrannicides into a community ( slave-bre$]s = sale1 & conv]t$ ! l& ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 ,patrick ,h5ry1 ,ri*>d ,h5ry ,lee1 & ,?omas ,jeff]son1 into a great b>racoon--a cattle-%[ ( human be+s1 an emporium1 ( :i* ! /aple articles ( m]*&ise are ! fle% & blood1 ! bones & s9ews ( immortal man4 ,( ! increas+ abom9ation ( slav]y 9 ! unb\ght he>ts ( m5 at ! "t :5 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 =m$1 :at cle>] pro( c\ld be desir$1 ?an t ! v same ye> 9 :i* t *>t] ( ! l& 0 issu$1 ! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation1 ) n a ti! ( ! p[]s giv5 by ! p to ! ,congress ( ! new compact1 actually aboli%$ slav]y = ev] ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,nor?we/]n t]ritory1 )\t a remon/rance or a murmur4 ,b 9 ! articles ( conf$]ation1 !re 0 no gu>anty = ! prop]ty ( ! slavehold]--no d\ble repres5tation ( him 9 ! ,f$]al c\ncils--no p[] ( taxation--no /ipulation = ! recov]y ( fugitive slaves4 ,b :5 ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t came to be delegat$ to ! ,union1 !--t is1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia--refus$ _! subscription to ! p>*m5t1 till x %\ld be saturat$ ) ! infection ( slav]y1 :i* no fumigation c\ld purify1 no qu>ant9e c\ld ext+ui%4 ,! freem5 ( ! ,nor? gave way1 & ! deadly v5om ( slav]y 0 infus$ into ! ,con/itution ( fre$om4 ,its fir/ consequ5ce has be5 to inv]t ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ,democracy1 t ! w ( ! majority ( numb]s %all rule ! l&4 ,by means ( ! d\ble repres5tation1 ! m9ority comm& ! :ole1 & a ,,knot ,,( ,,slavehold]s ,,give ,,! ,,law ,,& ,,prescribe ,,! ,,policy ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry4 ,to acquire ?is sup]iority ( a l>ge majority ( freem51 a p]sev]+ sy/em ( engross+ ne>ly all ! seats ( p[] & place1 is con/antly = a long s]ies ( ye>s pursu$1 & y h se51 9 a p]iod ( fifty-six ye>s1 ! ,*ief-magi/racy ( ! ,union held1 dur+ =ty-f\r ( !m1 by ! own]s ( slaves4 ,! ,executive dep>tm5ts1 ! ,army & ,navy1 ! ,supreme ,judicial ,c\rt & diplomatic missions abroad1 all pres5t ! same spectacle2--an imm5se majority ( p[] 9 ! h&s ( a v small m9ority ( ! p--millions made = a fraction ( a few ?\s&s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f t day 7#ahcj17 ,,slav]y1 ,,slavehold+1 ,,slave-,,bre$+ ,,& ,,slave-,,trad+1 ,,h ,,=m$ ,,! ,,:ole ,,f\ndation ,,( ,,! ,,policy ,,( ,,! ,,f$]al ,,gov]nm5t1 & ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 at home & abroad2 & at ! v "t :5 a new c5sus has exhibit$ a l>ge increase ^u ! sup]ior numb]s ( ! free ,/ates1 x has pres5t$ ! port5t\s evid5ce ( increas$ influ5ce & asc5dancy ( ! slavehold+ p[]4 ,( ! preval5ce ( t p[]1 y h _h cont9ual & conclusive evid5ce 9 ! suppression = ! space ( t5 ye>s ( ! "r ( petition1 gu>anti$1 if !re c\ld be a gu>antee aga9/ slav]y1 by ! fir/ article am5datory ( ! ,con/itution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4--,,no4 ,,xi ,,! ,,con/itution ,a ,,pro-,,slav]y ,,compact ,,or ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,madison ,,pap]s1 ,c4 ,,second ,,edition1 ,,enl>g$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 #adb ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahde4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction4 ,debates 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation4 ,debates 9 ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion4 ,li/ ( ,memb]s ( ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion4 ,spee* ( ,lu!r ,m>t94 ,,debates ,,9 ,,/ate ,,conv5tions4 ,massa*usetts1 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,extracts f ! ,f$]ali/1 ,debates 9 ,fir/ ,congress1 ,address ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ,lett] f ,francis ,jackson to ,gov4 ,briggs1 ,extract f ,mr4 ,web/]'s ,spee*1 ,extracts f ,j4,q4 ,adams's ,address1 ,novemb]1 #ahdd4 ,,introduction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,e "o kn[s t ! ,madison ,pap]s conta9 a ,report1 f ! p5 ( ,james ,madison1 ( ! ,debates 9 ! ,old ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation & 9 ! ,conv5tion :i* =m$ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h extract$ f !m1 9 ^! pages1 all ! ,debates on ^? clauses ( ! ,con/itution :i* relate to slav]y4 ,to ^! we h add$ all t is f\nd1 on ! same topic1 9 ! ,debates ( ! sev]al ,/ate ,conv5tions :i* ratifi$ ! ,con/itution3 toge!r ) s mu* ( ! ,spee* ( ,lu!r ,m>t9 be=e ! ,legislature ( ,m>yl&1 & ( ! ,f$]ali/1 z relate to our subject2 ) "s extracts1 also1 f ! ,debates ( ! fir/ ,f$]al ,congress on ,slav]y4 ,^! are all pr9t$ )\t alt]ation1 except t1 9 "s in/ances1 we h ins]t$ 9 brackets1 aft] ! "n ( a speak]1 ! "n ( ! ,/ate f :i* he came4 ,! notes & italics are ^? ( ! orig9al1 b ! editor has add$ two notes on page #ch1 :i* are m>k$ z 81 & we h tak5 ! lib]ty ( pr9t+ 9 capitals "o s5tim5t ( ,rufus ,k+'s1 & two ( ,james ,madison's--a di/9ction :i* ! importance ( ! /atem5ts seem$ to dem&--o!rwise we h repr9t$ exactly f ! orig9als4 ,^! extracts develop mo/ cle>ly all ! details ( t compromise1 :i* 0 made betwe5 fre$om & slav]y1 9 #aghg2 grant+ to ! slavehold] di/9ct privileges & protection = 8 slave prop]ty1 9 return = c]ta9 comm]cial concessions on 8 "p t[>d ! ,nor?4 ,!y prove also t ! ,nation at l>ge 7 fully aw>e ( ?is b>ga9 at ! "t1 & ent]$ into x will+ly & ) op5 eyes4 ,we h add$ ! late ,address ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 & ! ,lett] ( ,,francis ,,jackson to ,gov]nor ,,briggs1 resign+ 8 commission ( ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace--z bold & honorable prote/s aga9/ ! guilt & infamy ( ?is ,national b>ga91 & z prov+ mo/ cle>ly ! duty ( ea* individual to trample x "u 8 feet4 ,! clauses ( ! ,con/itution to :i* we ref] z ( a pro-slav]y "* are ! foll[+ 3-- ,,art4 #a1 ,,sect4 #b4--,repres5tatives & direct taxes %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates1 :i* may be includ$ )9 ?is ,union1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 :i* %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,,art4 #a1 ,,sect4 #h4--;,congress %all h p[] 4 4 4 to suppress insurrections4 ,,art4 #a1 ,,sect4 #i4--,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress1 prior to ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight3 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,,art4 #d1 ,,sect4 #b4--,no p]son1 held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,,art4 #d1 ,,sect4 #d4--,! ,unit$ ,/ates %all gu>antee to e ,/ate 9 ?is ,union a republican =m ( gov]nm5t2 & %all protect ea* ( !m aga9/ invasion2 &1 on application ( ! legislature1 or ( ! executive1 7:5 ! legislature _c be conv5$7 aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce4 ,! fir/ ( ^! clauses1 relat+ to repres5tation1 conf]s on a slavehold+ community additional political p[] = e slave held among !m1 & ?us tempts !m to cont9ue to uphold ! sy/em3 ! second & ! la/1 relat+ to insurrection & dome/ic viol5ce1 p]fectly innoc5t 9 !mselves--yet be+ made ) ! fact directly 9 view t slav]y exi/s among u1 d delib]ately pl$ge ! :ole national =ce aga9/ ! unhappy slave if he imitate our fa!rs & resi/ oppression--?us mak+ u p>tn]s 9 ! guilt ( su/a9+ slav]y3 ! ?ird1 relat+ to ! slave-trade1 disgraces ! nation by a pl$ge n to aboli% t traffic till aft] tw5ty ye>s1 )\t oblig+ ,congress to d s ev5 !n1 & ?us ! slave-trade may be legaliz$ to-morr[ if ,congress *oose3 ! f\r? is a promise on ! "p ( ! :ole ,nation to return fugitive slaves to _! ma/]s1 a de$ :i* ,god's law expressly condemns & :i* e noble feel+ ( our nature repudiates ) loa?+ & contempt4 ,^! are ! articles ( ! ,compromise1 s mu* talk$ (1 betwe5 ! ,nor? & ,s\?4 ,we d n produce ! extracts :i* make up ^! pages to %[ :at is ! mean+ ( ! clauses above cit$4 ,= no man or p>ty1 ( any au?ority 9 su* matt]s1 has ev] pret5d$ to d\bt to :at subject !y all relate4 ,if inde$ !y 7 ambigu\s 9 _! t]ms1 a resort to ! hi/ory ( ^? times w\ld set ! matt] at re/ =ev]4 ,a few p]sons1 to be sure1 ( late ye>s1 to s]ve ! purposes ( a p>ty1 h tri$ to prove t ! ,con/itution makes no compromise ) slav]y4 ,not)/&+ ! cle> light ( hi/ory2--! unanim\s decision ( all ! c\rts 9 ! l&1 bo? ,/ate & ,f$]al2--! action ( ,congress & ! ,/ate ,legislature2--! con/ant practice ( ! ,executive 9 all its bran*es2--& ! delib]ate acquiesc5ce ( ! :ole p = half a c5tury1 /ill !y cont5d t ! ,nation does n "k its own mean+1 & t ! ,con/itution does n tol]ate slav]y6 ,e c&id m9d1 h[ev]1 mu/ ackn[l$ge t ! language ( ! ,con/itution is cle> & explicit4 ,its t]ms are s broad1 x is said1 t !y include _m o!rs beside slaves1 & h5ce x is wisely 767 inf]r$ t !y _c include ! slaves !mselves6 ,_m p]sons besides slaves 9 ?is c\ntry d\btless are held to s]vice & labor "u ! laws ( ! ,/ates1 b t does n at all %[ t slaves are n held to s]vice2 _m p]sons beside ! slaves may take "p 9 insurrections1 b t does n prove t :5 ! slaves rise1 ! ,national ,gov]nm5t is n b\nd to put !m d[n by =ce4 ,su* a ?+ has be5 he>d ( be=e z "o description includ+ a great v>iety ( p]sons1--& ?is is ! case 9 ! pres5t in/ance4 ,b grant+ t ! t]ms ( ! ,con/itution are ambigu\s--t !y are susceptible ( two mean+s1 if ! unanim\s1 concurr5t1 unbrok5 practice ( e dep>tm5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 judicial1 legislative1 & executive1 & ! acquiesc5ce ( ! :ole p = fifty ye>s d n prove :i* is ! true con/ruction1 !n h[ & :]e c su* a "q ev] be settl$8 ,if ! p & ! ,c\rts ( ! l& d n "k :at !y !mselves mean1 :o has au?ority to settle _! mean+ = !m8 ,if !n ! p & ! ,c\rts ( a c\ntry are to be all[$ to det]m9e :at _! own laws mean1 x foll[s t at ?is "t & = ! la/ half c5tury1 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has be51 & /ill is1 a pro-slav]y in/rum5t1 & t any "o :o swe>s to support x1 swe>s to d pro-slav]y acts1 & violates 8 duty bo? z a man & an abolitioni/4 ,:at ! ,con/itution may become a c5tury h5ce1 we "k n2 we speak ( x z x is1 & repudiate x z x is4 ,b ! purpose1 = :i* we h ?r[n ^! pages be=e ! community1 is ?is4 ,"s m51 f9d+ ! nation unanim\sly decid+ t ! ,con/itution tol]ates slav]y1 h tri$ to prove t ?is false con/ruction1 z !y ?9k x1 has be5 foi/$ into ! in/rum5t by ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( slav]y itself1 ta9t+ all x t\*es4 ,!y ass]t t ! kn[n anti-slav]y _s ( revolution>y times nev] c\ld h cons5t$ to s infam\s a b>ga9 z ! ,con/itution is repres5t$ to be1 & has 9 its pres5t h&s become4 ,n[ ^! pages prove ! melan*oly fact1 t will+ly1 ) delib]ate purpose1 our fa!rs b>t]$ hone/y = ga91 & became p>tn]s ) tyrants1 t !y might %>e 9 ! pr(its ( _! tyranny4 ,& 9 view ( ?is fact1 w x n require a v /rong argum5t to make any c&id man believe1 t ! b>ga9 :i* ! fa!rs tell u !y meant to incorporate into ! ,con/itution1 & :i* ! sons h always ?\ght !y f\nd !re incorporat$1 does n exi/ !re1 aft] all8 ,=ty ( ! %rewde/ m5 & lawy]s 9 ! l& assemble to make a b>ga91 among o!r ?+s1 ab\t slaves1--aft] mon?s ( anxi\s delib]ation !y put x into writ+ & sign _! names to ! in/rum5t1--fifty ye>s roll away1 tw5ty millions1 at lea/1 ( _! *ildr5 pass ov] ! /age ( life1--c\rts sit & pass judgm5t1--p>ties arise & /ruggle fi]cely2 /ill all concur 9 f9d+ 9 ! in/rum5t j t mean+ :i* ! fa!rs tell u !y int5d$ to express3--mu/ n he be a desp]ate man1 :o1 aft] all ?is1 sets out to prove t ! fa!rs 7 bungl]s & ! sons fools1 & t slav]y is n ref]r$ to at all8 ,besides1 ! advocates ( ?is new !ory ( ! ,anti-slav]y "* ( ! ,con/itution1 quote "s portions ( ! ,madison ,pap]s 9 support ( _! views1--& ?is makes x prop] t ! community %\ld he> all t ^! ,debates h to say on ! subject4 ,! fur!r we explore !m1 ! cle>] becomes ! fact1 t ! ,con/itution 0 meant to be1 :at x has always be5 e/eem$1 a compromise betwe5 slav]y & fre$om4 ,if !n ! ,con/itution be1 :at ^! ,debates %[ t our fa!rs int5d$ to make x1 & :at1 too1 _! desc5dants1 ?is nation1 say !y did make x & agree to uphold1--!n we affirm t x is a cov5ant ) dea? & an agreem5t ) hell1 & ought to be imm$iately annull$4 ,no abolitioni/ c consi/5tly take (fice "u x1 or swe> to support x4 ,b if1 on ! contr>y1 our fa!rs fail$ 9 _! purpose1 & ! ,con/itution is all pure & unt\*$ by slav]y1--!n1 ,union itself is impossible1 )\t guilt4 ,= x is und5iable t ! fifty ye>s pass$ "u ?is 7anti-slav]y7 ,con/itution1 %[ u ! slaves trebl+ 9 numb]s2--slavehold]s monopoliz+ ! (fices & dictat+ ! policy ( ! ,gov]nm5t2--pro/itut+ ! /r5g? & influ5ce ( ! ,nation to ! support ( slav]y "h & else:]e2--trampl+ on ! rights ( ! free ,/ates1 & mak+ ! c\rts ( ! c\ntry _! tools4 ,to cont9ue ?is disa/r\s alliance long] is madness4 ,! trial ( fifty ye>s ) ! be/ ( m5 & ! be/ ( ,con/itutions1 on ?is supposition1 only proves t x is impossible = free & slave ,/ates to unite on any t]ms1 )\t all becom+ p>tn]s 9 ! guilt & responsible = ! s9 ( slav]y4 ,we d>e n prolong ! exp]im5t1 & ) d\ble e>ne/ness we repeat our dem& ^u e hone/ man to jo9 9 ! outcry ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1-- ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s6 ,,! ,,con/itution ,a ,,pro-,,slav]y ,,compact4 99 99 99 99 99 ,extracts f ,debates 9 ! ,congress ( ,conf$]ation1 pres]v$ by ,?omas ,jeff]son1 #aggf4 ,congress proce$$ ! same day to consid] ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 99 99 99 ,! clause too reprobat+ ! enslav+ ! inhabitants ( ,africa 0 /ruck out1 9 compliance to ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 :o _h nev] attempt$ to re/ra9 ! importation ( ,slaves1 & :o on ! contr>y /ill wi%$ to cont9ue x4 ,our ,nor!rn bre?r5 also1 ,i believe1 felt a little t5d] "u ^? c5sures2 = ?\gh _! p h v few slaves !mselves1 yet !y _h be5 pretty consid]able c>ri]s ( !m to o!rs4--p4 #ah4 ,on ,friday1 ! twelf? ( ,july1 #aggf1 ! committee appo9t$ to draw ! articles ( ,conf$]ation report$ !m1 & on ! tw5ty-second1 ! ,h\se resolv$ !mselves into a committee to take !m into consid]ation4 ,on ! ?irtie? & ?irty-fir/ ( t mon?1 & ! fir/ ( ! ensu+1 ^? articles 7 debat$ :i* det]m9$ ! proportion or quota ( money :i* ea* ,/ate %\ld furni% to ! common treasury1 & ! mann] ( vot+ 9 ,congress4 ,! fir/ ( ^! articles 0 express$ 9 ! orig9al draught 9 ^! words3-- ,article #aa4 ,all *>ges ( w> & all o!r exp5ses t %all be incurr$ = ! common def5ce1 or g5]al welf>e1 & all[$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates assembl$1 %all be defray$ out ( a common treasury1 :i* %all be suppli$ by ! sev]al ,colonies 9 proportion to ! numb] ( inhabitants ( e age1 sex & duality1 except ,indians n pay+ taxes1 9 ea* ,colony1 a true acc\nt ( :i*1 di/+ui%+ ! :ite inhabitants1 %all be tri5nially tak5 & transmitt$ to ! ,assembly ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,,*ase 7( ,m>yl&7 mov$1 t ! quotas %\ld be paid1 n by ! numb] ( inhabitants ( e condition b by t ( ! :ite inhabitants4 ,he admitt$ t taxation %\ld be always 9 proportion to prop]ty2 t ?is 0 9 !ory ! true rule1 b t f a v>iety ( difficulties x 0 a rule :i* c\ld nev] be adopt$ 9 practice4 ,! value ( ! prop]ty 9 e ,/ate c\ld nev] be e/imat$ ju/ly & equally4 ,"s o!r measure = ! weal? ( ! ,/ate mu/ !re=e be devis$1 "s /&>d ref]r$ to :i* w\ld be m simple4 ,he consid]$ ! numb] ( inhabitants z a tol]ably good crit]ion ( prop]ty1 & t ?is might always be obta9$4 ,he !re=e ?\ght x ! be/ mode we c\ld adopt1 ) "o exception only4 ,he obs]v$ t negroes are prop]ty1 & z su* _c be di/+ui%$ f ! l&s or p]sonalities held 9 ^? ,/ates :]e !re are few slaves4 ,t ! surplus ( pr(it :i* a ,nor!rn f>m] is able to lay by1 he inve/s 9 cattle1 horses1 c42 :]eas1 a ,s\!rn f>m] lays out t same surplus 9 slaves4 ,!re is no m reason !re=e = tax+ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates on ! f>m]'s head & on 8 slave's head1 ?an ! ,nor!rn ones on _! f>m]s' heads & ! heads ( _! cattle4 ,t ! me?od propos$ w\ld !re=e tax ! ,s\!rn ,/ates accord+ to _! numb]s & _! weal? conjunctly1 :ile ! ,nor!rn w\ld be tax$ on numb]s only3 t negroes 9 fact %\ld n be consid]$ z memb]s ( ! ,/ate1 m ?an cattle1 & t !y h no m int]e/ 9 x4 ,mr4 ,john ,adams 7( ,massa*usetts7 obs]v$1 t ! numb]s ( p 7 tak5 by ?is article z an index ( ! weal? ( ! ,/ate & n z subjects ( taxation4 ,t z to ?is matt] x 0 ( no consequ5ce by :at "n y call$ y\r p1 :e!r by t ( freem5 or ( slaves4 ,t 9 "s c\ntries ! labor+ poor 7 call$ freem51 9 o!rs !y 7 call$ slaves3 b t ! diff]5ce z to ! /ate 0 imag9>y only4 ,:at matt]s x :e!r a l&lord employ+ t5 labor]s on 8 f>m gives !m annually z mu* money z w buy !m ! necess>ies ( life1 or gives !m ^? necess>ies at %ort h&8 ,! t5 labor]s add z mu* weal? annually to ! ,/ate1 increase its exports z mu*1 9 ! "o case z ! o!r4 ,c]ta9ly five hundr$ freem5 produce no m pr(its1 no great] surplus = ! paym5t ( taxes1 ?an five hundr$ slaves4 ,!re=e ! ,/ate 9 :i* are ! labor]s call$ freem51 %\ld be tax$ no m ?an t 9 :i* are ^? call$ slaves4 ,suppose1 by any extraord9>y op]ation ( nature or ( law1 "o half ! labor]s ( a ,/ate c\ld 9 ! c\rse ( "o night be trans=m$ into slaves1--w\ld ! ,/ate be made ! poor]1 or ! less able to pay taxes8 ,t ! condition ( ! labor+ poor 9 mo/ c\ntries1--t ( ! fi%]m51 p>ticul>ly1 ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1--is z abject z t ( slaves4 ,x is ! numb] ( labor]s :i* produces ! surplus = taxation2 & numb]s1 !re=e1 indiscrim9ately1 are ! fair index ( weal?4 ,t x is ! use ( ! ^w prop]ty "h1 & its application to "s ( ! p ( ! ,/ate1 :i* produces ! fallacy4 ,h[ does ! ,s\!rn f>m] procure slaves8 ,ei!r by importation or by pur*ase f 8 neighbor4 ,if he imports a slave1 he adds "o to ! numb] ( labor]s 9 8 c\ntry1 & proportionably to its pr(its & abilities to pay taxes2 if he buys f 8 neighbor1 x is only a transf] ( a labor] f "o f>m to ano!r1 :i* does n *ange ! annual produce ( ! ,/ate1 & !re=e %\ld n *ange its tax2 t if a ,nor!rn f>m] works t5 labor]s on 8 f>m1 he c1 x is true1 inve/ ! surplus ( t5 m5's labor 9 cattle2 b s may ! ,s\!rn f>m] work+ t5 slaves4 ,t a ,/ate ( "o hundr$ ?\s& freem5 c ma9ta9 no m cattle ?an "o ( "o hundr$ ?\s& slaves2 !re=e !y h no m ( t k9d ( prop]ty4 ,t a slave may1 inde$1 f ! cu/om ( spee*1 be m prop]ly call$ ! weal? ( 8 ma/]1 ?an ! free labor] might be call$ ! weal? ( 8 employ]3 b z to ! ,/ate1 bo? 7 equally its weal?1 & %\ld !re=e equally add to ! quota ( its tax4 ,mr4 ,,h>rison 7( ,virg9ia7 propos$1 z a compromise1 t two slaves %\ld be c\nt$ z "o freeman4 ,he affirm$ t slaves did n d z mu* "w z freem51 & d\bt$ if two effect$ m ?an "o4 ,t ?is 0 prov$ by ! price ( labor1 ! hire ( a labor] 9 ! ,s\!rn colonies be+ f #h to #ab1 :ile 9 ! ,nor!rn x 0 g5]ally #bd4 ,mr4 ,,wilson 7( ,p5nsylvania7 said1 t if ?is am5dm5t %\ld take place1 ! ,s\!rn colonies w\ld h all ! b5efit ( slaves1 :il/ ! ,nor!rn ones w\ld be> ! bur!n4 ,t slaves increase ! pr(its ( a ,/ate1 :i* ! ,s\!rn ,/ates mean to take to !mselves2 t !y also increase ! bur!n ( def5ce1 :i* w\ld ( c\rse fall s mu* ! heavi] on ! ,nor!rn2 t slaves occupy ! places ( freem5 & eat _! food4 ,dismiss y\r slaves1 & freem5 w take _! places4 ,x is our duty to lay e disc\ragem5t on ! importation ( slaves2 b ?is am5dm5t w\ld give ! jus trium lib]orum to him :o w\ld import slaves4 ,t o!r k9ds ( prop]ty 7 pretty equally di/ribut$ ?r\gh all ! ,colonies3 !re 7 z _m cattle1 horses1 & %eep1 9 ! ,nor? z ! ,s\?1 & ,s\? z ! ,nor?2 b n s z to slaves3 t exp]i5ce has %[n t ^? colonies h be5 always able to pay mo/1 :i* h ! mo/ inhabitants1 :e!r !y be black or :ite2 & ! practice ( ! ,s\!rn colonies has always be5 to make e f>m] pay poll taxes ^u all 8 labor]s1 :e!r !y be black or :ite4 ,he ackn[l$g$ inde$ t freem5 work$ ! mo/2 b !y consume ! mo/ also4 ,!y d n produce a great] surplus = taxation4 ,! slave is nei!r f$ nor clo!d s exp5sively z a freeman4 ,aga91 :ite wom5 are exempt$ f labor g5]ally1 :i* negro wom5 are n4 ,9 ?is !n ! ,s\!rn ,/ates h an advantage z ! article n[ /&s4 ,x has sometimes be5 said t slav]y 0 necess>y1 because ! commodities !y raise w\ld be too de> = m>ket if cultivat$ by freem52 b n[ x is said t ! labor ( ! slave is ! de>e/4 ,mr4 ,,payne 7( ,massa*usetts7 urg$ ! orig9al resolution ( ,congress1 to proportion ! quotas ( ! ,/ates to ! numb] ( s\ls4 ,dr4 ,,)]spoon 7( ,new-,j]sey7 0 ( op9ion1 t ! value ( l&s & h\ses 0 ! be/ e/imate ( ! weal? ( a nation1 & t x 0 practicable to obta9 su* a valuation4 ,?is is ! true b>omet] ( weal?4 ,! "o n[ propos$ is imp]fect 9 itself1 & unequal betwe5 ! ,/ates4 ,x has be5 object$ t negroes eat ! food ( freem51 & !re=e %\ld be tax$3 horses also eat ! food ( freem52 !re=e !y also %\ld be tax$4 ,x has be5 said too1 t 9 c>ry+ slaves into ! e/imate ( ! taxes ! ,/ate is to pay1 we d no m ?an ^? ,/ates !mselves d1 :o always take slaves into ! e/imate ( ! taxes ! individual is to pay4 ,b ! cases are n p>allel4 ,9 ! ,s\!rn ,colonies1 slaves p]vade ! :ole ,colony2 b !y d n p]vade ! :ole cont95t4 ,t z to ! orig9al resolution ( ,congress1 x 0 tempor>y only1 & relat$ to ! moneys h]et(ore emitt$3 :]eas we are n[ ent]+ into a new compact1 & !re=e /& on orig9al gr\nd4 ,,augu/ #a/4 ,! "q be+ put1 ! am5dm5t propos$ 0 reject$ by ! votes ( ,new-,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,rhode-,isl&1 ,connecticut1 ,new-,york1 ,new-,j]sey & ,p5nsylvania1 aga9/ ^? ( ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor?2 & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,georgia 0 divid$4--pp4 #bg-h-i1 #cj-a-b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,extracts f ,madison's ,report ( ,debates 9 ! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation4 ,,tuesday1 ,janu>y #ad1 #aghc4 ,if ! valuation ( l& _h n be5 prescrib$ by ! ,f$]al ,articles1 ! ,committee w\ld c]ta9ly h pref]r$ "s o!r rule ( appo9tm5t1 p>ticul>ly t ( numb]s1 "u c]ta9 qualifications z to slaves4--p4 #bfj ,,tuesday1 ,feb4 #aa1 #aghc4 ,mr4 ,,wolcott decl>es 8 op9ion t ! ,conf$]ation ought to be am5d$ by sub/itut+ numb]s ( inhabitants z ! rule2 admits ! diff]5ce betwe5 freem5 & blacks2 & sugge/s a compromise1 by includ+ 9 ! num]ation su* blacks only z 7 )9 sixte5 & sixty ye>s ( age4--p4 #cca ,,?ursday1 ,m>* #bg1 #aghc4 7,! elev5? & twelf? p>agraphs37 ,mr4 ,,wilson 7( ,p5nsylvania7 0 /r5u\s 9 _! favor2 said he 0 9 ,congress :5 ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation direct+ a valuation ( l& 7 agre$ to2 t x 0 ! effect ( ! impossibility ( compromis+ ! diff]5t ideas ( ! ,ea/]n & ,s\!rn ,/ates1 z to ! value ( slaves comp>$ ) ! :ites1 ! alt]native 9 "q4 ,mr4 ,,cl>k 7( ,new-,j]sey7 0 9 favor ( !m4 ,he said t he 0 also 9 ,congress :5 ?is article 0 decid$2 t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld h agre$ to numb]s 9 pref]5ce to ! value ( l& if half _! slaves only %\ld be includ$2 b t ! ,ea/]n ,/ates w\ld n concur 9 t proposition4 ,x 0 agre$1 on all sides1 t1 in/ead ( fix+ ! proportion by ages1 z ! report propos$1 x w\ld be be/ to fix ! proportion 9 absolute numb]s4 ,) ?is view1 & t ! blank might be fill$ up1 ! clause 0 recommitt$4 p4 #dba-b4 ,,friday1 ,m>* #bh1 #aghc4 ,! committee la/ m5tion$1 report$ t two blacks be rat$ z "o freeman4 ,mr4 ,,wolcott 7( ,connecticut7 0 = rat+ !m z f\r to ?ree4 ,mr4 ,,c>roll z f\r to "o4 ,mr4 ,,williamson 7( ,nor? ,c>ol9a7 said he 0 pr9cipl$ aga9/ slav]y2 & t he ?\ght slaves an incumbrance to society1 in/ead ( increas+ its ability to pay taxes4 ,mr4 ,,higg9son 7( ,massa*usetts7 z f\r to ?ree4 ,mr4 ,,rutl$ge 7( ,s\? ,c>ol9a7 said1 = ! sake ( ! object1 he w\ld agree to rate slaves z two to "o1 b he s9c]ely ?\ght ?ree to "o w\ld be a ju/] proportion4 ,mr4 ,,holton z f\r to ?ree4--,mr4 ,,osgood said he did n g beyond f\r to ?ree4 ,on a "q = rat+ !m z ?ree to two1 ! votes 71 ,new ,hamp%ire1 aye2 ,massa*usetts1 no2 ,rhode ,isl&2 divid$2 ,connecticut1 aye2 ,new ,j]sey1 aye2 ,p5nsylvania1 aye2 ,delaw>e1 aye2 ,m>yl&1 no2 ,virg9ia1 no2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 no2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no4 ,! p>agraph 0 !n po/pon$1 by g5]al cons5t1 "s wi%+ = fur!r "t to delib]ate on x2 b x appe>+ to be ! g5]al op9ion t no compromise w\ld be agre$ to4 ,aft] "s fur!r discussions on ! ,report1 9 :i* ! necessity ( "s simple & practicable rule ( apportionm5t came fully into view1 ,mr4 ,,madison 7( ,virg9ia7 said t1 9 ord] to give a pro( ( ! s9c]ity ( 8 pr(essions ( lib]ality1 he w\ld propose t slaves %\ld be rat$ z five to ?ree4 ,mr4 ,,rutl$ge 7( ,s\? ,c>ol9a7 second$ ! motion4 ,mr4 ,,wilson 7( ,p5nsylvania7 said he w\ld sacrifice 8 op9ion on ?is compromise4 ,mr4 ,,lee 0 aga9/ *ang+ ! rule1 b gave x z 8 op9ion t two slaves 7 n equal to "o freeman4 ,on ! "q = five to ?ree1 x pass$ 9 ! affirmative2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 aye2 ,massa*usetts1 divid$2 ,rhode ,isl&1 no2 ,connecticut1 no2 ,new ,j]sey1 aye2 ,p5nsylvania1 aye2 ,m>yl&1 aye2 ,virg9ia1 aye2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aye2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 aye4 ,a motion 0 !n made by ,mr4 ,,bl&1 second$ by ,mr4 ,,lee1 to /rike out ! clause s am5d$1 &1 on ! "q ,%all x /&1 x pass$ 9 ! negative2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 aye2 ,massa*usetts1 no2 ,rhode ,isl&1 no2 ,connecticut1 no2 ,new ,j]sey1 aye2 ,p5nsylvania1 aye2 ,delaw>e1 no2 ,m>yl&1 aye2 ,virg9ia1 aye2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aye2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no2 s ! clause 0 /ruck out4 ,! argum5ts us$ by ^? :o 7 = rat+ slaves high 71 t ! exp5se ( fe$+ & clo?+ !m 0 z f> bel[ t incid5t to freem5 z _! indu/ry & +5uity 7 bel[ ^? ( freem52 & t ! w>m climate )9 :i* ! ,/ates hav+ slaves lay1 comp>$ ) ! rigor\s climate & inf]ior f]tility ( ! o!rs1 ought to h great weight 9 ! case2 & t ! exports ( ! =m] ,/ates 7 great] ?an ( ! latt]4 ,on ! o!r side1 x 0 said1 t slaves 7 n put to labor z "y z ! *ildr5 ( labor+ families2 t1 hav+ no int]e/ 9 _! labor1 !y did z little z possible1 & omitt$ e ex]tion ( ?\ght requisite to facilitate & exp$ite x2 t if ! exports ( ! ,/ates hav+ slaves exce$$ ^? ( ! o!rs1 _! imports 7 9 proportion1 slaves employ$ :olly 9 agriculture1 n 9 manufactures2 & t1 9 fact1 ! balance ( trade =m]ly 0 mu* m aga9/ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ?an ! o!rs4 ,on ! ma9 "q1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 aye2 ,massa*usetts1 no2 ,rhode ,isl&1 no2 ,connecticut1 no2 ,new ,york 7,mr4 ,,floyd1 aye27 ,new ,j]sey1 aye2 ,delaw>e1 no2 ,m>yl&1 aye2 ,virg9ia1 aye2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aye2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no4--pp4 #dbc-d-e4 ,,tuesday1 ,april l1 #aghc4 ,congress resum$ ! ,report on ,rev5ue1 c4 ,mr4 ,,hamilton1 :o _h be5 abs5t :5 ! la/ "q 0 tak5 = sub/itut+ numb]s 9 place ( ! value ( l&1 mov$ to reconsid] t vote4 ,he 0 second$ by ,mr4 ,,osgood4 ,^? :o vot$ diff]5tly f _! =m] votes 7 influ5c$ by ! conviction ( ! necessity ( ! *ange1 & despair on bo? sides ( a m favorable rate ( ! slaves4 ,! rate ( ?ree-fif?s 0 agre$ to )\t opposition4--p4 #dcj4 ,,monday1 ,,may #bf1 #aghc4 ,! ,resolutions on ! ,j\rnal in/ruct+ ! m9i/]s 9 ,europe to remon/rate aga9/ ! c>ry+ (f ! negroes--also ^? = furl\gh+ ! troops--pass$ unanim\sly4--p4 #def4 99 99 99 99 99 ,lett] f ,mr4 ,madison to ,edmund ,r&olph4 ,,philadelphia1 ,april #h1 #aghc4 ,a *ange ( ! valuation ( l&s = ! numb] ( inhabitants1 d$uct+ two-fif?s ( ! slaves1 has receiv$ a tacit sanction1 &1 unless h]eaft] expung$1 w g =? 9 ! g5]al recomm5dation1 z mat]ial to future h>mony & ju/ice among ! memb]s ( ! ,conf$]acy4 ,! d$uction ( two-fif?s 0 a compromise betwe5 ! wide op9ions & dem&s ( ! ,s\!rn & o!r ,/ates4--p4 #ebc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,extract f ,debates 9 ! ,f$]al ,conv5tion ( #aghg1 = ! =mation ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,tuesday1 ,may #bi1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,*>les ,,p9ckney laid be=e ! ,h\se ! draft ( a ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 99 99 99 ,! proportion ( direct taxation %all be regulat$ by ! :ole numb] ( inhabitants ( e description--pp4 #gce1 #gda4 ,,w$nesday1 ,may #cj1 #aghg4 ,! foll[+ ,resolution1 be+ ! second ( ^? propos$ by ,mr4 ,,r&olph1 0 tak5 up1 viz4 ,t ! rights ( suffrage 9 ! ,national ,legislature ought to be proportion$ to ! quotas ( contribution1 or to ! numb] ( free inhabitants1 z ! "o or ! o!r rule may seem be/ 9 diff]5t cases4 ,colonel ,,hamilton mov$ to alt] ! resolution s z to read1 t ! rights ( suffrage 9 ! ,national ,legislature ought to be proportion$ to ! numb] ( free inhabitants4 ,mr4 ,,spaight second$ ! motion4--p4 #gej4 ,,w$nesday1 ,june #f1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,madison4 ,we h se5 ! m]e di/9ction ( color made1 9 ! mo/ enlight5$ p]iod ( "t1 a gr\nd ( ! mo/ oppressive dom9ion ev] ex]cis$ by man ov] man4--p4 #hjf4 ,,monday1 ,june #aa1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,%]man propos$1 t ! proportion ( suffrage 9 ! fir/ bran* %\ld be accord+ to ! respective numb]s ( free inhabitants2 ,mr4 ,,rutl$ge propos$1 t ! proportion ( suffrage 9 ! fir/ bran* %\ld be accord+ to ! quotas ( contribution4 ,mr4 ,,k+ & ,mr4 ,,wilson1 9 ord] to br+ ! "q to a po9t1 mov$1 t ! "r ( suffrage 9 ! fir/ bran* ( ! ,national ,legislature ought n to be accord+ to ! rule e/abli%$ 9 ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation1 b accord+ to "s equitable ratio ( repres5tation4--p4 #hcf4 ,x 0 !n mov$ by ,mr4 ,,rutl$ge1 second$ by ,mr4 ,,butl]1 to add to ! words1 equitable ratio ( repres5tation1 at ! end ( ! motion j agre$ to1 ! words accord+ to ! quotas ( contribution4 ,on motion ( ,mr4 ,,wilson1 second$ by ,mr4 ,,p9ckney1 ?is 0 po/pon$2 9 ord] to add1 aft] ! words1 equitable ratio ( repres5tation1 ! words foll[+3 ,9 proportion to ! :ole numb] ( :ite & o!r free citiz5s & inhabitants ( e age1 sex & condition1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vitude = a t]m ( ye>s1 & ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons n compreh5d$ 9 ! =ego+ description1 except ,indians n pay+ taxes1 9 ea* ,/ate--?is be+ ! rule 9 ! act ( ,congress1 agre$ to by elev5 ,/ates1 = apportion+ quotas ( rev5ue on ! ,/ates1 & requir+ a c5sus only e five1 sev51 or t5 ye>s4 ,mr4 ,,g]ry 7( ,massa*usetts7 ?\ght prop]ty n ! rule ( repres5tation4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld ! blacks1 :o 7 prop]ty 9 ! ,s\?1 be 9 ! rule ( repres5tation m ?an ! cattle & horses ( ! ,nor?8 ,on ! "q1--,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#i2 ,new ,j]sey1 ,delaw>e1 no--#b4--pp4 #hdb-c4 ,,tuesday1 ,june #ai1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,madison4 ,:]e slav]y exi/s1 ! republican !ory becomes /ill m fallaci\s4--p4 #hii4 ,,saturday1 ,june #cj1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,madison1--admitt$ t e peculi> int]e/1 :e!r 9 any class ( citiz5s1 or any description ( /ates1 ought to be secur$ z f> z possible4 ,:]ev] !re is dang] ( attack1 !re ought to be giv5 a con/itutional p[] ( def5ce4 ,b he cont5d$ t ! ,/ates 7 divid$ into diff]5t int]e/s1 n by _! diff]5ce ( size1 b by o!r circum/ances2 ! mo/ mat]ial ( :i* result$ p>tly f climate1 b pr9cipally f ! effects ( _! hav+ or n hav+ slaves4 ,^! two causes concurr$ 9 =m+ ! great division ( int]e/s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x did n lie betwe5 ! l>ge & small ,/ates4 ,,x ,,lay ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,& ,,s\!rn2 & if any def5sive p[] 7 necess>y1 x ought to be mutually giv5 to ^! two int]e/s4 ,he 0 s /rongly impress$ ) ?is important tru?1 t he _h be5 ca/+ ab\t 9 8 m9d = "s exp$i5t t w\ld answ] ! purpose4 ,! "o :i* _h occurr$ 01 t1 in/ead ( proportion+ ! votes ( ! ,/ates 9 bo? bran*es1 to ! irrespective numb]s ( inhabitants1 comput+ ! slaves 9 ! ratio ( five to ?ree1 !y %\ld be repres5t$ 9 "o bran* accord+ to ! numb] ( free inhabitants only2 & 9 ! o!r accord+ to ! :ole numb]1 c\nt+ slaves z free4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! ,s\!rn scale w\ld h ! advantage 9 "o ,h\se1 & ! ,nor!rn 9 ! o!r4 ,he _h be5 re/ra9$ f propos+ ?is exp$i5t by two consid]ations2 "o 0 8 unwill+ness to urge any div]sity ( int]e/s on an occasion :]e x is b too apt to arise ( itself2 ! o!r 0 ! inequality ( p[]s t mu/ be ve/$ 9 ! two bran*es1 & :i* w\ld de/roy ! equilibrium ( int]e/s4--pp4 #ajjf-g ,,monday1 ,july #b1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,p9ckney4 ,!re is a real di/9ction betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn int]e/s4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 9 _! rice & indigo1 _h a peculi> int]e/ :i* might be sacrific$4--p4 #ajaf4 ,,friday1 ,july #f1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,p9ckney--?\ght ! blacks ought to /& on an equality ) ! :ites2 b w\ld agree to ! ratio settl$ by ,congress4--p4 #ajci4 ,,monday1 ,july #i1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,patt]son consid]$ ! propos$ e/imate = ! future accord+ to ! comb9$ rules ( numb]s & weal?1 z too vague4 ,= ?is reason ,new ,j]sey 0 aga9/ x4 ,he c\ld reg>d negro slaves 9 no light b z prop]ty4 ,!y are no free ag5ts1 h no p]sonal lib]ty1 no faculty ( acquir+ prop]ty1 b on ! contr>y are !mselves prop]ty1 & l o!r prop]ty entirely at ! w ( ! ma/]4 ,has a man 9 ,virg9ia a numb] ( votes 9 proportion to ! numb] ( 8 slaves8 ,& if negroes are n repres5t$ 9 ! ,/ates to :i* !y belong1 :y %\ld !y be repres5t$ 9 ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,:at is ! true pr9ciple ( repres5tation8 ,x is an exp$i5t by :i* an assembly ( c]ta9 individuals1 *os5 by ! p1 is sub/itut$ 9 place ( ! inconv5i5t meet+ ( ! p !mselves4 ,if su* a meet+ ( ! p 0 actually to take place1 w\ld ! slaves vote8 ,!y w\ld n4 ,:y !n %\ld !y be repres5t$8 ,he 0 also aga9/ su* an indirect enc\ragem5t ( ! slave trade2 obs]v+ t ,congress1 9 _! act relat+ to ! *ange ( ! eigh? article ( ,conf$]ation1 _h be5 a%am$ to use ! t]m slaves1 & _h sub/itut$ a description4 ,mr4 ,,madison rem9d$ ,mr4 ,,patt]son t 8 doctr9e ( repres5tation1 :i* 0 9 its pr9ciple ! g5u9e "o1 mu/ = ev] sil5ce ! pret5sions ( ! small ,/ates to an equality ( votes ) ! l>ge ones4 ,!y ought to vote 9 ! same proportion 9 :i* _! citiz5s w\ld d1 if ! p ( all ! ,/ates 7 collectively met4 ,he sugge/$1 z a prop] gr\nd ( compromise1 t 9 ! fir/ bran* ! ,/ates %\ld be repres5t$ accord+ to _! numb] ( free inhabitants2 & 9 ! second1 :i* _h = "o ( its prim>y objects ! gu>dian%ip ( prop]ty1 accord+ to ! :ole numb]1 includ+ slaves4 ,mr4 ,,butl] urg$ w>mly ! ju/ice & necessity ( reg>d+ weal? 9 ! apportionm5t ( repres5tation4 ,mr4 ,,k+ _h always expect$1 t1 z ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are ! ri*e/1 !y w\ld n league !mselves ) ! ,nor!rn1 unless "s respect 7 paid to _! sup]ior weal?4 ,if ! latt] expect ^? pref]5tial di/9ctions 9 comm]ce1 & o!r advantages :i* !y w d]ive f ! connexion1 !y mu/ n expect to receive !m )\t all[+ "s advantages 9 return4 ,elev5 out ( ?irte5 ( ! ,/ates _h agre$ to consid] slaves 9 ! apportionm5t ( taxation2 & taxation & repres5tation ought to g toge!r4--pp4 #ajed-e-f4 ,,tuesday1 ,july #aj1 #aghg4 ,9 ,conv5tion1--,mr4 ,,k+ report$1 f ! ,committee ye/]day appo9t$1 t ! ,/ates at ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,g5]al ,legislature1 %\ld be repres5t$ by sixty-five memb]s1 9 ! foll[+ proportions1 to wit3--,new ,hamp%ire1 by #c2 ,massa*usetts1 #h2 ,rhode ,isl&1 #a2 ,connecticut1 #e2 ,new ,york1 #f2 ,new ,j]sey1 #d2 ,p5nsylvania1 #h2 ,delaw>e1 #a2 ,m>yl&1 #f2 ,virg9ia1 #aj2 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #e2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #e2 ,georgia1 #c4 ,mr4 ,,k+ rem>k$ t ! f\r ,ea/]n ,/ates1 hav+ #hjj1jjj s\ls1 h "o-?ird few] repres5tatives ?an ! f\r ,s\!rn ,/ates1 hav+ n m ?an #gjj1jjj s\ls1 rat+ ! blacks z five = ?ree4 ,! ,ea/]n p w adv]t to ^! circum/ances1 & be dissatisfi$4 ,he believ$ !m to be v desir\s ( unit+ ) _! ,s\!rn bre?r51 b did n ?9k x prud5t to rely s f> on t disposition1 z to subject !m to any gross inequality4 ,he 0 fully conv9c$ t ,,! ,,"q ,,conc]n+ ,a ,,diff]5ce ,,( ,,int]e/s ,,did ,,n ,,lie ,,:]e ,,x ,,_h ,,hi!rto ,,be5 ,,discuss$1 ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,great ,,& ,,small ,,/ates2 ,,b ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,& ,,ea/]n4 ,= ?is reason be _h be5 ready to yield some?+1 9 ! proportion ( repres5tatives1 = ! security ( ! ,s\!rn4 ,no pr9ciple w\ld ju/ify ! giv+ !m a majority4 ,!y 7 br\ght z ne> an equality z 0 possible4 ,he 0 n av]se to giv+ !m a /ill great] security1 b did n see h[ x c\ld be done4 ,g5]al ,,p9ckney4 ,! ,report be=e x 0 committ$ 0 m favorable to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ?an z x n[ /&s4 ,if !y are to =m s consid]able a m9ority1 & ! regulation ( trade is to be giv5 to ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 !y w be no?+ m ?an ov]se]s = ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,he did n expect ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to be rais$ to a majority ( repres5tatives2 b wi%$ !m to h some?+ l an equality4 ,mr4 ,,williamson4 ,! ,s\!rn int]e/ mu/ be extremely endang]$ by ! pres5t arrangem5t4 ,! ,nor!rn ,/ates are to h a majority 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & ! means ( p]petuat+ x4 ,g5]al ,,p9ckney urg$ ! r$uction2 dwelt on ! sup]ior weal? ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & insi/$ on its hav+ its due weight 9 ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris regrett$ ! turn ( ! debate4 ,! ,/ates1 he f\nd1 _h _m repres5tatives on ! floor4 ,few1 he fe>$1 7 to be deem$ ! repres5tatives ( ,am]ica4 ,he ?\ght ! ,s\!rn ,/ates h1 by ! ,report1 m ?an _! %>e ( ,repres5tation4 ,prop]ty ought to h its weight1 b n all ! weight4 ,if ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are to supply money1 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates are to spill _! blood4 ,besides1 ! probable rev5ue to be expect$ f ! ,s\!rn ,/ates has be5 greatly ov]rat$4--pp4 #ajef-g-h-i4 ,,w$nesday1 ,july #aa1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,williamson mov$ t ,mr4 ,,r&olph's propositions be po/pon$1 9 ord] to consid] ! foll[+1 t 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! alt]ations t may happ5 9 ! population & weal? ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 a c5sus %all be tak5 ( ! free :ite inhabitants1 & ?ree-fif?s ( ^? ( o!r descriptions on ! fir/ ye> aft] ?is gov]nm5t %all h be5 adopt$1 & e ---- ye> !reaft]2 & t ! repres5tation be regulat$ accord+ly4 ,mr4 ,,butl] & ,g5]al ,,p9ckney insi/$ t blacks be includ$ 9 ! rule ( repres5tation equally ) ! :ites2 & = t purpose mov$ t ! words ?ree-fif?s be /ruck out4 ,mr4 ,,g]ry ?\ght t ?ree-fif?s ( !m 01 to say ! lea/1 ! full proportion t c\ld be admitt$4 ,mr4 ,,gorham4 ,?is ratio 0 fix$ by ,congress z a rule ( taxation4 ,!n1 x 0 urg$1 by ! ,delegates repres5t+ ! ,/ates hav+ slaves1 t ! blacks 7 /ill m inf]ior to freem54 ,at pres5t1 :5 ! ratio ( repres5tation is to be e/abli%$1 we are assur$ t !y are equal to freem54 ,! argum5ts on ! =m] occasion _h conv9c$ him1 t ?ree-fif?s 0 pretty ne> ! j proportion1 & he %\ld vote accord+ to ! same op9ion n[4 ,mr4 ,,butl] insi/$ t ! labor ( a slave 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a 0 z productive & valuable1 z t ( a freeman 9 ,massa*usetts2 t z weal? 0 ! great means ( def5ce & utility to ! nation1 !y 7 equally valuable to x ) freem52 & t consequ5tly an equal repres5tation ought to be all[$ = !m 9 a gov]nm5t :i* 0 in/itut$ pr9cipally1 = ! protection ( prop]ty1 & 0 itself to be support$ by prop]ty4 ,mr4 ,,mason c\ld n agree to ! motion1 not)/&+ x 0 favorable to ,virg9ia1 because he ?\ght x unju/4 ,x 0 c]ta9 t ! slaves 7 valuable1 z !y rais$ ! value ( l&1 increas$ ! exports & imports1 & ( c\rse ! rev5ue1 w\ld supply ! means ( fe$+ & support+ an army1 & might 9 cases ( em]g5cy become !mselves soldi]s4 ,z 9 ^! important respects !y 7 useful to ! community at l>ge1 !y ought n to be exclud$ f ! e/imate ( repres5tation4 ,he c\ld n1 h[ev]1 reg>d !m z equal to freem51 & c\ld n vote = !m z su*4 ,he add$1 z wor?y ( rem>k1 t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates h ?is peculi> species ( prop]ty1 ov] & above ! o!r species ( prop]ty common to all ! ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,,williamson rem9d$ ,mr4 ,,gorham t if ! ,s\!rn ,/ates cont5d$ = ! inf]iority ( blacks to :ites :5 taxation 0 9 view1 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 on ! same occasion1 cont5d$ = _! equality4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 ei!r !n or n[1 concur 9 ei!r extreme1 b approv$ ( ! ratio ( ?ree-fif?s4 ,on ,mr4 ,,butl]',s motion1 = consid]+ blacks z equal to :ites 9 ! apportionm5t ( repres5tation1--,delaw>e1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#c2 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 no--#g2 ,new ,york1 n on ! floor4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris said he _h sev]al objections to ! proposition ( ,mr4 ,,williamson4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x fett]$ ! ,legislature too mu*4 ,9 ! second place1 x w\ld exclude "s ,/ates altoge!r :o w\ld n h a suffici5t numb] to entitle !m to a s+le repres5tation4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 x w n consi/ ) ! resolution pass$ on ,saturday la/1 au?oriz+ ! ,legislature to adju/ ! repres5tation f "t to "t on ! pr9ciples ( population & weal?2 nor ) ! pr9ciples ( equity4 ,if slaves 7 to be consid]$ z inhabitants1 n z weal?1 !n ! said ,resolution w\ld n be pursu$2 if z weal?1 !n :y is no o!r weal? b slaves includ$8 ,^! objections may p]haps be remov$ by am5dm5ts4 ,mr4 ,,k+ ?\ght !re 0 great =ce 9 ! objections ( ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris4 ,he w\ld1 h[ev]1 acc$e to ! proposition = ! sake ( do+ some?+4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris4 ,ano!r objection ) him1 aga9/ admitt+ ! blacks into ! c5sus1 01 t ! p ( ,p5nsylvania w\ld revolt at ! idea ( be+ put on a foot+ ) slaves4 ,!y w\ld reject any plan t 0 to h su* an effect4 ,mr4 ,,madison4 ,future contributions1 x seem$ to be und]/ood on all h&s1 w\ld be pr9cipally levi$ on imports & exports4--pp4 #ajff-g-h-i2 #ajgj-b-c4 ,on ! "q on ! fir/ clause ( ,mr4 ,,williamson's motion1 z to tak+ a c5sus ( ! free inhabitants1 x pass$ 9 ! affirmative1--,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aye--#f2 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 no--#d4 ,! next clause z to ?ree-fif?s ( ! negroes be+ consid]$1 ,mr4 ,,k+1 be+ mu* oppos$ to fix+ numb]s z ! rule ( repres5tation1 0 p>ticul>ly s on acc\nt ( ! blacks4 ,he ?\ght ! admission ( !m along ) :ites at all1 w\ld excite great discont5ts among ! ,/ates hav+ no slaves4 ,he _h nev] said1 z to any p>ticul> po9t1 t he w\ld 9 no ev5t acquiesce 9 & support x2 b he w\ld say t if 9 any case su* a decl>ation 0 to be made by him1 x w\ld be 9 ?is4 ,he rem>k$ t 9 ! tempor>y allotm5t ( repres5tatives made by ! ,committee1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates _h receiv$ m ?an ! numb] ( _! :ite & ?ree-fif?s ( _! black inhabitants entitl$ !m to4 ,mr4 ,,%]man4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a _h n m beyond h] proportion ?an ,new ,york & ,new ,hamp%ire2 nor ei!r ( !m m ?an 0 necess>y 9 ord] to avoid fractions1 or r$uc+ !m bel[ _! proportion4 ,georgia _h m2 b ! rapid gr[? ( t ,/ate seem$ to ju/ify x4 ,9 g5]al ! allotm5t might n be j1 b consid]+ all circum/ances he 0 satisfi$ ) x4 ,mr4 ,,gorham 0 aw>e t !re might be "s weight 9 :at _h fall5 f 8 colleague1 z to ! umbrage :i* might be tak5 by ! p ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates4 ,b he recollect$ t :5 ! proposition ( ,congress = *ang+ ! eigh? ,article ( ! ,conf$]ation 0 be=e ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts1 ! only difficulty !n 01 to satisfy !m t ! negroes ought n to h be5 c\nt$ equally ) ! :ites1 in/ead ( be+ c\nt$ 9 ! ratio ( ?ree-fif?s only4#a ,footnote #a3 ,!y 7 !n to h be5 a rule ( taxation only4 ,mr4 ,,wilson did n well see1 on :at pr9ciple ! admission ( blacks 9 ! proportion ( ?ree-fif?s c\ld be expla9$4 ,are !y admitt$ z citiz5s--!n :y are !y n admitt$ on an equality ) :ite citiz5s8 ,are !y admitt$ z prop]ty--!n :y is n o!r prop]ty admitt$ into ! computation8 ,^! 7 difficulties1 h[ev]1 :i* he ?\ght mu/ be ov]rul$ by ! necessity ( compromise4 ,he _h "s appreh5sions also1 f ! t5d5cy ( ! bl5d+ ( ! blacks ) ! :ites1 to give disgu/ to ! p ( ,p5nsylvania1 z _h be5 intimat$ by 8 colleague 7,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris47 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris 0 compell$ to decl>e himself r$uc$ to ! dilemma ( do+ inju/ice to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 or to human nature2 & he mu/ !re=e d x to ! =m]4 ,= he c\ld nev] agree to give su* enc\ragem5t to ! slave trade1 z w\ld be giv5 by all[+ !m a repres5tation = _! negroes2 & he did n believe ^? ,/ates w\ld ev] conf$]ate on t]ms t w\ld deprive !m ( t trade4 ,on ! "q = agree+ to include ?ree-fif?s ( ! blacks1--,connecticut1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#d2 ,massa*usetts1 ,new-,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1#b ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no--#f4--pp4#ajgf-g-h4 ,footnote #b3 ,mr4 ,c>roll said1 9 explanation ( ! vote ( ,m>yl&1 t he wi%$ ! phraseology to be s alt]$ z to obviate1 if possible1 ! dang] :i* _h be5 express$ ( giv+ umbrage to ! ,ea/]n & ,middle ,/ates4 ,,?ursday1 ,july #ab1 #aghg4 ,9 ,conv5tion1--,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris mov$ a proviso1 t taxation %all be 9 proportion to repres5tation4 ,mr4 ,,butl] cont5d$ aga91 t repres5tation %\ld be accord+ to ! full numb] ( inhabitants1 includ+ all ! blacks2 admitt+ ! ju/ice ( ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris',s motion4 ,g5]al ,,p9ckney 0 al>m$ at :at 0 said ye/]day1 by ,,g\v]neur ,,morris conc]n+ ! negroes4 ,he 0 n[ aga9 al>m$ at :at _h be5 ?r[n out conc]n+ ! tax+ ( exports4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a has 9 "o ye> export$ to ! am\nt ( #fjj1jjj4 /]l+1 all :i* 0 ! fruit ( ! labor ( h] blacks4 ,w %e be repres5t$ 9 proportion to ?is am\nt8 ,%e w n4 ,nei!r ought %e !n to be subject to a tax on x4 ,he hop$ a clause w\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! sy/em1 re/ra9+ ! ,legislature f tax+ exports4 ,mr4 ,,wilson approv$ ! pr9ciple1 b c\ld n see h[ x c\ld be c>ri$ into execution2 unless re/ra9$ to direct taxation4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris hav+ s v>i$ 8 motion by ins]t+ ! ^w direct1 x pass$1 nem4 con41 z foll[s3 provid$ always t direct taxation ought to be proportion$ to repres5tation ,mr4 ,,davie said x 0 high "t n[ to speak out4 ,he saw t x 0 meant by "s g5tlem5 to deprive ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( any %>e ( repres5tation = _! blacks4 ,he 0 sure t ,nor? ,c>ol9a w\ld nev] conf$]ate on any t]ms t did n rate !m at lea/ z ?ree-fif?s4 ,if ! ,ea/]n ,/ates meant1 !re=e1 to exclude !m altoge!r1 ! bus9ess 0 at an end4 ,dr4 ,,johnson ?\ght t weal? & population 7 ! true1 equitable rules ( repres5tation2 b he conceiv$ t ^! two pr9ciples resolv$ !mselves into "o1 population be+ ! be/ measure ( weal?4 ,he conclud$1 !re=e1 t ! numb] ( p ought to be e/abli%$ z ! rule1 & t all descriptions1 includ+ blacks equally ) ! :ites1 ought to fall )9 ! computation4 ,z v>i\s op9ions _h be5 express$ on ! subject1 he w\ld move t a committee might be appo9t$ to take !m into consid]ation1 & report !m4 ,mr4 ,,g\v5eur ,,morris4 ,x _h be5 said t x is high "t to speak out4 ,z "o memb]1 he w\ld c&idly d s4 ,he came "h to =m a compact = ! good ( ,am]ica4 ,he 0 ready to d s ) all ! ,/ates4 ,he hop$1 & believ$1 t all w\ld ent] into su* compact4 ,if !y w\ld n1 he 0 ready to jo9 ) any /ates t w\ld4 ,b z ! compact 0 to be volunt>y1 x is 9 va9 = ! ,ea/]n ,/ates to insi/ on :at ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w nev] agree to4 ,x is equally va9 = ! latt] to require1 :at ! o!r ,/ates c nev] admit2 & he v]ily believ$ ! p ( ,p5nsylvania w nev] agree to a repres5tation ( negroes4 ,:at c be desir$ by ^! ,/ates m ?an has be5 already propos$--t ! legislature %all f "t to "t regulate repres5tation accord+ to population & weal?8 ,g5]al ,,p9ckney desir$ t ! rule ( weal? %\ld be asc]ta9$1 & n left to ! pleasure ( ! legislature1 & t prop]ty 9 slaves %\ld n be expos$ to dang]1 "u a gov]nm5t in/itut$ = ! protection ( prop]ty4 ,! fir/ clause 9 ! ,report ( ! fir/ ,gr& ,committee 0 po/pon$4 ,mr4 ,,ellswor?1 9 ord] to c>ry into effect ! pr9ciple e/abli%$1 mov$ to add to ! la/ clause adopt$ by ! h\se ! words foll[+1 & t ! rule ( contribution by direct taxation1 = ! support ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be ! numb] ( :ite inhabitants1 & ?ree-fif?s ( e o!r description 9 ! sev]al ,/ates1 until "s o!r rule t %all m accurately asc]ta9 ! weal? ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 c be devis$ & adopt$ by ! ,legislature4 ,mr4 ,,butl] second$ ! motion1 9 ord] t x might be committ$4 ,mr4 ,,r&olph 0 n satisfi$ ) ! motion4 ,! dang] w be reviv$1 t ! +5uity ( ! ,legislature may evade or p]v]t ! rule1 s z to p]petuate ! p[] :]e x %all be lodg$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,he propos$1 9 lieu ( ,mr4 ,,ellswor?',s motion t 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! alt]ations 9 repres5tation t /ay be requir$1 f "t to "t1 by *anges 9 ! relative circum/ances ( ! ,/ates1 a c5sus %all be tak5 )9 two ye>s f ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,g5]al ,legislature ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & once )9 ! t]m ( e ---- ye>s aft]w>ds1 ( all ! inhabitants1 9 ! mann] & accord+ to ! ratio recomm5d$ by ,congress 9 _! ,resolution ( ! eighte5? day ( ,april1 #aghc1 7rat+ ! blacks at ?ree-fif?s ( _! numb]72 & t ! ,legislature ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all arrange ! repres5tation accord+ly4 ,he urg$ /r5u\sly t express security ought to be presid$ = includ+ slaves 9 ! ratio ( repres5tation4 ,he lam5t$ t su* a species ( prop]ty exi/$4 ,b z x did exi/1 ! hold]s ( x w\ld require ?is security4 ,x 0 p]ceiv$ t ! design 0 ent]ta9$ by "s ( exclud+ slaves altoge!r2 ! ,legislature !re=e ought n to be left at lib]ty4 ,mr4 ,,ellswor? )draws 8 motion1 & seconds t ( ,mr4 ,,r&olph4 ,mr4 ,,wilson obs]v$1 t less umbrage w\ld p]haps be tak5 aga9/ an admission ( ! slaves into ! rule ( repres5tation1 if x %\ld be s express$ z to make !m indirectly only an +r$i5t 9 ! rule1 by say+ t !y %\ld ent] into ! rule ( taxation2 & z repres5tation 0 to be accord+ to taxation1 ! end w\ld be equally atta9$4 ,mr4 ,,p9ckney mov$ to am5d ,mr4 ,,r&olph',s motion1 s z to make blacks equal to ! :ites 9 ! ratio ( repres5tation4 ,?is1 he urg$ 0 no?+ m ?an ju/ice4 ,! blacks are ! labor]s1 ! peasants1 ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,!y are z productive ( pecuni>y res\rces z ^? ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,!y add equally to ! weal?1 &1 consid]+ money z ! s9ew ( w>1 to ! /r5g?1 ( ! nation4 ,x w also be politic ) reg>d to ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 z taxation is to keep pace ) repres5tation4 ,on ,mr4 ,,p9ckney',s 7( ,s4 ,c>ol9a7 motion1 = rat+ blacks z equal to :ites1 in/ead ( z ?ree-fif?s1--,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#b2 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut 7,doctor ,,johnson1 aye71 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania 7?ree aga9/ two71 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 no--#h4 ,mr4 ,,r&olph',s 7( ,virg9ia7 proposition1 z v>i$ by ,mr4 ,,wilson 7( ,p5nsylvania7 be+ read = tak+ ! "q on ! :ole1-- ,mr4 ,,g]ry 7( ,massa*usetts7 urg$ t ! pr9ciple ( x c\ld n be c>ri$ into execution1 z ! ,/ates 7 n to be tax$ z ,/ates4 ,) reg>d to taxes on impo/s1 he conceiv$ !y w\ld be m productive :]e !re 7 no slaves1 ?an :]e !re 72 ! consumption be+ great]4 ,mr4 ,,ellswor? 7( ,connecticut74 ,9 ! case ( a poll-tax !re w\ld be no difficulty4 ,b !re w\ld probably be none4 ,! sum allott$ to a ,/ate may be levi$ )\t difficulty1 accord+ to ! plan us$ by ! ,/ate 9 rais+ its own supplies4 ,on ! "q on ! :ole proposition1 z proportion+ repres5tation to direct taxation1 & bo? to ! :ite & ?ree-fif?s ( ! black inhabitants1 & requir+ a c5sus )9 six ye>s1 & )9 e t5 ye>s aft]w>ds1--,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#f2 ,new ,j]sey1 ,delaw>e1 no--#b2 ,massa*usetts1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 divid$4--pp4 #ajgi to #ajhg4 ,friday1 ,july #ac1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,madison said1 t hav+ always conceiv$ t ! diff]5ce ( int]e/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates lay n betwe5 ! l>ge & small1 b ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates4-p4 #ajhh4 ,on ! motion ( ,mr4 ,,r&olph 7( ,virg9ia7 ! vote ( ,monday la/1 au?oriz+ ! ,legislature to adju/1 f "t to "t1 ! repres5tation ^u ! pr9ciples ( weal? & numb]s ( inhabitants1 0 reconsid]$ by common cons5t1 9 ord] to /rike out weal? & adju/ ! resolution to t requir+ p]iodical revisions accord+ to ! numb] ( :ites & ?ree-fif?s ( ! blacks4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris 7( ,p5nsylvania7 oppos$ ! alt]ation1 z leav+ /ill an incoh]5ce4 ,if negroes 7 to be view$ z inhabitants1 & ! revision 0 to proce$ on ! pr9ciple ( numb]s ( inhabitants1 !y ought to be add$ 9 _! entire numb]1 & n 9 ! proportion ( ?ree-fif?s4 ,if z prop]ty1 ! ^w weal? 0 "r2 & /rik+ x out w\ld produce ! v inconsi/5cy :i* x 0 meant to get rid (4 ,! tra9 ( bus9ess1 & ! late turn :i* x _h tak51 _h l$ him1 he said1 into deep m$itation on x1 & he w\ld c&idly /ate ! result4 ,a di/9ction _h be5 set up1 & urg$1 betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,he _h hi!rto consid]$ ?is doctr9e z h]etical4 ,he /ill ?\ght ! di/9ction gr\ndless4 ,he sees1 h[ev]1 t x is p]si/$ 92 & ! ,s\!rn g5tlem5 w n be satisfi$ unless !y see ! way op5 to _! ga9+ a majority 9 ! public c\ncils4 ,! consequ5ce ( su* a transf] ( p[] f ! m>itime to ! int]ior & l&$ int]e/1 w1 he =esees1 be su* an oppression to comm]ce1 t he %all be oblig$ to vote = ! vici\s pr9ciple ( equality 9 ! second bran*1 9 ord] to provide "s def5ce = ! ,nor!rn ,/ates aga9/ x4 ,b to come m to ! po9t1 ei!r ?is di/9ction is fictiti\s or real2 if fictiti\s1 let x be dismiss$1 & let u proce$ ) due confid5ce4 ,if x be real1 in/ead ( attempt+ to bl5d incompatible ?+s1 let u at once take a fri5dly leave ( ea* o!r4 ,!re c be no end ( dem&s = security1 if e p>ticul> int]e/ is to be entitl$ to x4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates may claim x = _! fi%]y1 & = o!r objects1 z ! ,s\!rn ,/ates claim x = _! peculi> objects4 ,9 ?is /ruggle betwe5 ! two ends ( ! ,union1 :at "p ought ! ,middle ,/ates1 9 po9t ( policy1 to take8 ,to jo9 _! ,ea/]n bre?r51 accord+ to 8 ideas4 ,if ! ,s\!rn ,/ates get ! p[] into _! h&s1 & be jo9$1 z !y w be1 ) ! int]ior c\ntry1 !y w inevitably br+ on a w> ) ,spa9 = ! ,mississippi4 ,?is language is already held4 ,! int]ior c\ntry1 hav+ no prop]ty nor int]e/ expos$ on ! sea1 w be little affect$ by su* a w>4 ,he wi%$ to "k :at security ! ,nor!rn & ,middle ,/ates w h aga9/ ?is dang]4 ,x has be5 said t ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia only1 w 9 a little "t h a majority ( ! p ( ,am]ica4 ,!y mu/ 9 t case include ! great int]ior c\ntry1 & e ?+ 0 to be appreh5d$ f _! gett+ ! p[] into _! h&s4 ,mr4 ,,butl] 7( ,s\? ,c>ol9a74 ,! security ! ,s\!rn ,/ates want is1 t _! negroes may n be tak5 f !m1 :i* "s g5tlem5 )9 or )\t doors h a v good m9d to d4 ,x 0 n suppos$ t ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 w\ld h m p ?an all ! o!r ,/ates1 b _m m relatively to ! o!r ,/ates1 ?an !y n[ h4 ,! p & /r5g? ( ,am]ica are evid5tly be>+ s\?w>dly1 & s\?we/w>dly4 ,on ! "q to /rike out weal?1 & to make ! *ange z mov$ by ,mr4 ,,r&olph 7( ,virg9ia7 x pass$ 9 ! affirmative1--,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#i2 ,delaw>e1 divid$4--pp4 #ajij-a-b-c-d4 ,,saturday1 ,july #ad1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,madison4 ,x seem$ n[ to be pretty well und]/ood1 t ! real diff]5ce ( int]e/s lay1 n betwe5 ! l>ge & small1 b betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn1 ,/ates4 ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,slav]y1 ,,& ,,x',s ,,consequ5ces1 ,,=m$ ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,discrim9ation4--p4 #aajd4 ,,tuesday1 ,july #ag1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,williamson4 ,! l>ge/ ,/ate w be sure to succe$4 ,?is w n be ,virg9ia1 h[ev]4 ,h] slaves w h no suffrage4--p4 #aabc4 ,,?ursday1 ,july #ai1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,madison4 ,! "r ( suffrage 0 mu* m diffusive 9 ! ,nor!rn ?an ! ,s\!rn ,/ates2 & ! latt] c\ld h no influ5ce 9 ! election1 on ! score ( ! negroes4--p4 #aadh4 ,,monday1 ,july #bc1 #aghg4 ,g5]al ,,p9ckney rem9d$ ! ,conv5tion1 t if ! ,committee %\ld fail to ins]t "s security to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates aga9/ an emancipation ( slaves1 & taxes on exports1 he %\ld be b\nd by duty to 8 ,/ate to vote aga9/ _! report4--p4 #aahg4 ,,tuesday1 ,july #bd1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,williamson4 ,z ! ,executive is to h a k9d ( veto on ! laws1 & !re is an ess5tial diff]5ce ( int]e/s betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! c>ry+ trade1 ! p[] w be dang]\s1 if ! ,executive is to be tak5 f "p ( ! ,union1 to ! "p f :i* he is n tak54--p4 #aahi4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris hop$ ! ,committee w\ld /rike out ! :ole ( ! clause proportion+ direct taxation to repres5tation4 ,he _h only meant x z a bridge#c to assi/ u ov] a c]ta9 gulf2 hav+ pass$ ! gulf1 ! bridge may be remov$4 ,he ?\ght ! pr9ciple laid d[n ) s mu* /rictness liable to /rong objections4--p4 #aaig4 ,footnote #c3 ,! object 0 to less5 ! eag]ness1 on "o side1 =1 & ! opposition1 on ! o!r1 to ! %>e ( repres5tation claim$ by ! ,s\!rn ,/ates on acc\nt ( ! negroes4 ,,w$nesday1 ,july #be1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,madison4 ,ref] ! appo9tm5t ( ! ,national ,executive to ! ,/ate ,legislatures1 & 99 99 99 ,! rema9+ mode 0 an election by ! p1 or r by ! qualifi$ "p ( !m at l>ge4 99 99 99 ,! second difficulty arose f ! disproportion ( qualifi$ vot]s 9 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & ! disadvantages :i* ?is mode w\ld ?r[ on ! latt]4 ,! answ] to ?is objection 0--9 ! fir/ place1 t ?is disproportion w\ld be cont9ually decreas+ "u ! influ5ce ( ! republican laws introduc$ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & ! m rapid increase ( _! population2 9 ! second place1 t local consid]ations mu/ give way to ! g5]al int]e/4 ,z an individual f ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 he 0 will+ to make ! sacrifice4--pp4 #abjj-a4 ,,?ursday1 ,july #bf1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,g\v]neur ,morris4 ,rev5ue w be drawn1 x is =ese51 z mu* z possible f trade4--p4 #abag4 ,,monday1 ,augu/ #f1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,rutl$ge deliv]$ 9 ! ,report ( ! ,committee ( ,detail4 ,,article ,,vii4 ,,sect4 #c4 ,! proportions ( direct taxation %all be regulat$ by ! :ole numb] ( :ite & o!r free citiz5s & inhabitants ( e age1 sex & condition1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vitude = a t]m ( ye>s1 & ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons n compreh5d$ 9 ! =ego+ description1 7except ,indians n pay+ taxes72 :i* numb] %all1 )9 six ye>s aft] ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,legislature1 & )9 ! t]m ( e t5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 be tak5 9 su* a mann] z ! said ,legislature %all direct4 ,,sect4 #d4 ,no tax or duty %all be laid by ! ,legislature on articles export$ f any ,/ate2 nor on ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z ! sev]al ,/ates %all ?9k prop] to admit2 nor %all su* migration or importation be prohibit$4 ,,sect4 #e4 ,no capitation tax %all be laid1 unless 9 proportion to ! c5sus h]e9 be=e direct$ to be tak54 ,,sect4 #f4 ,no navigation act %all be pass$ )\t ! ass5t ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t 9 ea* h\se4--pp4 #abbf-cc-cd4 ,,w$nesday1 ,augu/ #h1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,k+ wi%$ to "k :at influ5ce ! vote j pass$ 0 meant to h on ! succe$+ "p ( ! ,report1 conc]n+ ! admission ( slaves into ! rule ( repres5tation4 ,he c\ld n reconcile 8 m9d to ! ,article1 if x 0 to prev5t objections to ! latt] "p4 ,! admission ( slaves 0 a mo/ grat+ circum/ance to 8 m9d1 & he believ$ w\ld be s to a great "p ( ! p ( ,am]ica4 ,he _h n made a /r5u\s opposition to x h]et(ore1 because he _h hop$ t ?is concession w\ld h produc$ a read9ess1 :i* _h n be5 manife/$1 to /r5g!n ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 & to m>k a full confid5ce 9 x4 ,! ,report "u consid]ation _h1 by ! t5or ( x1 put an end to all ^? hopes4 ,9 two great po9ts ! h&s ( ! ,legislature 7 absolutely ti$4 ,! importation ( slaves c\ld n be prohibit$4 ,exports c\ld n be tax$4 ,is ?is reasonable8 ,:at are ! great objects ( ! g5]al sy/em8 ,fir/1 def5ce aga9/ =eign invasion2 secondly1 aga9/ int]nal s$ition4 ,%all all ! ,/ates1 !n1 be b\nd to def5d ea*1 & %all ea* be at lib]ty to introduce a weakness :i* w r5d] def5ce m difficult8 ,%all "o "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates be b\nd to def5d ano!r "p1 & t o!r "p be at lib]ty1 n only to increase its own dang]1 b to )hold ! comp5sation = ! burd58 ,if slaves are to be import$1 %all n ! exports produc$ by _! labor supply a rev5ue ! bett] to enable ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t to def5d _! ma/]s8 ,!re 0 s mu* inequality & unreasonabl5ess 9 all ?is1 t ! p ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates c\ld nev] be reconcil$ to x4 ,no c&id man c\ld und]take to ju/ify x to !m4 ,he _h hop$ t "s accommodation w\ld h tak5 place on ?is subject2 t at lea/ a "t w\ld h be5 limit$ = ! importation ( slaves4 ,he nev] c\ld agree to let !m be import$ )\t limitation1 & !n be repres5t$ 9 ! ,national ,legislature4 ,inde$1 he c\ld s little p]suade himself ( ! rectitude ( su* a practice1 t he 0 n sure be c\ld ass5t to x "u any circum/ances4 ,at all ev5ts1 ei!r slaves %\ld n be repres5t$1 or exports %\ld be taxable4 ,mr4 ,,%]man reg>d$ ! slave trade z iniquit\s2 b ! po9t ( repres5tation hav+ be5 settl$ aft] mu* difficulty & delib]ation1 he did n ?9k himself b\nd to make opposition2 especially z ! pres5t ,article1 z am5d$1 did n preclude any arrangem5t :atev] on t po9t1 9 ano!r place ( ! report4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris mov$ to ins]t free be=e ! ^w inhabitants4 ,mu*1 he said1 w\ld dep5d on ?is po9t4 ,he nev] w\ld concur 9 uphold+ dome/ic slav]y4 ,x 0 a nef>i\s in/itution4 ,x 0 ! curse ( ,heav5 on ! ,/ates :]e x prevail$4 ,comp>e ! free regions ( ! ,middle ,/ates1 :]e a ri* & noble cultivation m>ks ! prosp]ity & happ9ess ( ! p1 ) ! mis]y & pov]ty :i* ov]spread ! b>r5 wa/es ( ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 & ! o!r ,/ates hav+ slaves4 ,travel ?r\gh ! :ole cont95t1 & y behold ! prospect cont9ually v>y+ ) ! appe>ance & disappe>ance ( slav]y4 ,! mom5t y leave ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 & ent] ,new ,york1 ! effects ( ! in/itution become visible4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! ,j]seys & ent]+ ,p5nsylvania1 e crit]ion ( sup]ior improvem5t witnesses ! *ange4 ,proce$ s\?w>dly1 & e /ep y take1 ?r\gh ! great regions ( slaves1 pres5ts a des]t increas+ ) ! increas+ proportion ( ^! wret*$ be+s4 ,^u :at pr9ciple is x t ! slaves %all be comput$ 9 ! repres5tation8 ,are !y m58 ,!n make !m citiz5s1 & let !m vote4 ,are !y prop]ty8 ,:y1 !n1 is no o!r prop]ty includ$8 ,! h\ses 9 ?is city 7,philadelphia7 are wor? m ?an all ! wret*$ slaves :o cov] ! rice swamps ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! admission ( slaves into ! repres5tation1 :5 fairly expla9$1 comes to ?is1 t ! inhabitant ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a :o goes to ! coa/ ( ,africa1 &1 9 defiance ( ! mo/ sacr$ laws ( humanity1 te>s away 8 fell[ creatures f _! de>e/ connections1 & damns !m to ! mo/ cruel bondage1 %all h m votes 9 a gov]nm5t in/itut$ = protection ( ! rights ( mank9d1 ?an ! citiz5 ( ,p5nsylvania or ,new ,j]sey1 :o views ) a laudable horror s nef>i\s a practice4 ,he w\ld add1 t dome/ic slav]y is ! mo/ prom95t feature 9 ! ari/ocratic c\nt5ance ( ! propos$ ,con/itution4 ,! vassalage ( ! poor has ev] be5 ! favorite (fspr+ ( ari/ocracy4 ,& :at is ! propos$ comp5sation to ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 = a sacrifice ( e pr9ciple ( "r1 ( e impulse ( humanity8 ,!y are to b9d !mselves to m>* _! militia = ! def5ce ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 = _! def5ce aga9/ ^? v slaves ( :om !y compla94 ,!y mu/ supply vessels & seam51 9 case ( =eign attack4 ,! ,legislature w h indef9ite p[] to tax !m by excises1 & duties on imports2 bo? ( :i* w fall heavi] on !m ?an on ! ,s\!rn inhabitants2 = ! bohea tea us$ by a ,nor!rn freeman w pay m tax ?an ! :ole consumption ( ! mis]able slave1 :i* consi/s ( no?+ m ?an 8 physical subsi/5ce & ! rag t cov]s 8 nak$ness4 ,on ! o!r side1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are n to be re/ra9$ f import+ fre% supplies ( wret*$ ,africans1 at once to increase ! dang] ( attack1 & ! difficulty ( def5ce2 nay1 !y are to be enc\rag$ to x1 by an assurance ( hav+ _! votes 9 ! ,national ,gov]nm5t increas$ 9 proportion2 & are1 at ! same "t1 to h _! exports & _! slaves exempt f all contributions = ! public s]vice4 ,let x n be said1 t direct taxation is to be proportion$ to repres5tation4 ,x is idle to suppose t ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t c /ret* its h& directly into ! pockets ( ! p1 scatt]$ ov] s va/ a c\ntry4 ,!y c only d x ?r\gh ! m$ium ( exports1 imports & excises4 ,= :at1 !n1 are all ! sacrifices to be made8 ,he w\ld soon] submit himself to a tax = pay+ = all ! negroes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?an saddle po/]ity ) su* a ,con/itution4 ,mr4 ,,dayton second$ ! motion4 ,he did x1 he said1 t 8 s5tim5ts on ! subject might appe>1 :atev] might be ! fate ( ! am5dm5t4 ,mr4 ,,%]man did n reg>d ! admission ( ! negroes into ! ratio ( repres5tation1 z liable to su* insup]able objections4 ,x 0 ! freem5 ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates :o 71 9 fact1 to be repres5t$ accord+ to ! taxes paid by !m1 & ! negroes are only includ$ 9 ! e/imate ( ! taxes4 ,?is 0 8 idea ( ! matt]4 ,mr4 ,,p9ckney consid]$ ! fi%]ies1 & ! we/]n fronti]1 z m burd5some to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an ! slaves4 ,he ?\ght ?is c\ld be demon/rat$1 if ! occasion 7 a prop] "o4 ,mr4 ,,wilson ?\ght ! motion premature4 ,an agreem5t to ! clause w\ld be no b> to ! object ( x4 ,on ! "q1 on ! motion to ins]t free be=e inhabitants1 ,new-,j]sey1 aye--#a2 ,new-,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 no--#aj4--pp4 #abfa-b-c-d-e-f4 ,,?ursday1 ,augu/ #af1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,mason urg$ ! necessity ( connect+ ) ! p[]s ( levy+ taxes1 duties1 c41 ! prohibition 9 ,article #f1 ,sect4 #d1 t no tax %\ld be laid on exports4 ,he hop$ ! ,nor!rn ,/ates did n mean to d5y ! ,s\!rn ?is security4 ,,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris consid]$ su* a proviso z inadmissible any:]e4 ,,mr4 ,,madison4 ,f\r?ly1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 be+ mo/ 9 dang] & mo/ ne$+ naval protection1 c\ld ! less compla91 if ! bur!n %\ld be some:at heavie/ on !m4 ,& f9ally1 we are n provid+ = ! pres5t mom5t only2 & "t w equalize ! situation ( ! ,/ates 9 ?is matt]4 ,he 01 = ^! reasons1 aga9/ ! motion4 ,,mr4 ,,m]c]4 ,x _h be5 said ! ,s\!rn ,/ates _h mo/ ne$ ( naval protection4 ,! rev]se 0 ! case4 ,7 x n = promot+ ! c>ry+ trade ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates c\ld let ! trade g into =eign bottoms1 :]e x w\ld n ne$ our protection4--pp4 #acci-dj-da-db4 ,,tuesday1 ,augu/ #ba1 #aghg4 ,articles #g1 ,section #c1 0 !n resum$4 ,,mr4 ,,dick9son mov$ to po/pone ?is1 9 ord] to reconsid] ,article #d1 ,section #d1 & to limit ! numb] ( ,repres5tatives to be all[$ to ! l>ge ,/ates4 ,unless ?is 7 done1 ! small ,/ates w\ld be r$uc$ to entire insignificance1 & enc\ragem5t giv5 to ! importation ( slaves4 ,,mr4 ,,%]man w\ld agree to su* a reconsid]ation2 b did n see ! necessity ( po/pon+ ! section be=e ! ,h\se4 ,,mr4 ,,dick9son )drew 8 motion4 ,article #g1 ,section #c1 0 !n agre$ to1--t5 ayes2 ,delaw>e alone1 no4--p4 #acgi4 ,article #g1 ,section #d1 0 !n tak5 up4 ,,mr4 ,,langdon4 ,by ?is section ! ,/ates are left at lib]ty to tax exports4 ,?is c\ld n be admitt$4 ,x seems to be fe>$ t ! ,nor!rn ,/ates w oppress ! trade ( ! ,s\!rn4 ,?is may be gu>d$ aga9/1 by requir+ ! concurr5ce ( two-?irds1 or ?ree-f\r?s ( ! ,legislature1 9 su* cases4--p4 #achb-c4 ,,mr4 ,,madison4 ,z to ! fe> ( disproportionate bur!ns on ! m export+ ,/ates1 x might be rem>k$ t x 0 agre$1 on all h&s1 t ! rev5ue w\ld pr9cipally be drawn f trade4--p4 #ache4 ,,col4 ,,mason--,a majority1 :5 int]e/$1 w oppress ! m9ority4 ,if we comp>e ! ,/ates 9 ?is po9t ( view1 ! eight ,nor!rn ,/ates h an int]e/ diff]5t f ! five ,s\!rn ,/ates2 & h1 9 "o bran* ( ! ,legislature1 ?irty-six votes1 aga9/ tw5ty-n9e1 & 9 ! o!r 9 ! proportion ( eight aga9/ five4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates _h !re=e gr\nd = _! suspicions4 ,! case ( exports 0 n ! same ) t ( imports4--pp4 #achf-g4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,,m>t9 propos$ to v>y ,article #g1 ,section #d1 s z to all[ a prohibition or tax on ! importation ( slaves4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z five slaves are to be c\nt$ z ?ree freem51 9 ! apportionm5t ( ,repres5tatives1 su* a clause w\ld leave an enc\ragem5t to ?is traffic4 ,9 ! second place1 slaves weak5$ "o "p ( ! ,union1 :i* ! o!r p>ts 7 b\nd to protect2 ! privilege ( import+ !m 0 !re=e unreasonable4 ,& 9 ! ?ird place1 x 0 inconsi/5t ) ! pr9ciples ( ! ,revolution1 & di%onorable to ! ,am]ican "*1 to h su* a feature 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,mr4 ,,rutl$ge did n see h[ ! importation ( slaves c\ld be enc\rag$ by ?is section4 ,he 0 n appreh5sive ( insurrections1 & w\ld readily exempt ! o!r ,/ates f ! obligation to protect ! ,s\!rn aga9/ !m4 ,religion & humanity _h no?+ to d ) ?is "q4 ,int]e/ alone is ! gov]n+ pr9ciple ) nations4 ,! true "q at pres5t is1 :e!r ! ,s\!rn ,/ates %all or %all n be p>ties to ! ,union4 ,if ! ,nor!rn ,/ates consult _! int]e/1 !y w n oppose ! increase ( slaves1 :i* w increase ! commodities ( :i* !y w become ! c>ri]s4 ,mr4 ,,ellswor? 0 = leav+ ! clause z x /&s4 ,let e ,/ate import :at x pleases4 ,! morality or wisdom ( slav]y are consid]ations belong+ to ! ,/ates !mselves4 ,:at enri*es a "p enri*es ! :ole1 & ! ,/ates are ! be/ judges ( _! p>ticul> int]e/4 ,! ,old ,conf$]ation _h n m$dl$ ) ?is po9t2 & he did n see any great] necessity = br++ x )9 ! policy ( ! new "o4 ,mr4 ,,p9ckney4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a c nev] receive ! plan if x prohibits ! slave trade4 ,9 e propos$ ext5sion ( ! p[]s ( ,congress1 t ,/ate has expressly & wat*fully except$ t ( m$dl+ ) ! importation ( negroes4 ,if ! ,/ates be all left at lib]ty on ?is subject1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a may p]haps1 by degrees1 d ( h]self :at is wi%$1 z ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& already h done4 ,adj\rn$4--pp4 #achh-i4 ,,w$nesday1 ,augu/ #bb1 #aghg4 ,9 ,conv5tion1--,article #g1 ,section #d1 0 resum$4 ,mr4 ,,%]man 0 = leav+ ! clause z x /&s4 ,he disapprov$ ( ! slave trade2 yet z ! ,/ates 7 n[ possess$ ( ! "r to import slaves1 z ! public good did n require x to be tak5 f !m1 & z x 0 exp$i5t to h z few objections z possible to ! propos$ s*eme ( gov]nm5t1 he ?\ght x be/ to leave ! matt] z we f9d x4 ,he obs]v$ t ! abolition ( slav]y seem$ to be go+ on 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t ! good s5se ( ! sev]al ,/ates w\ld probably by degrees complete x4 ,he urg$ on ! ,conv5tion ! necessity ( despat*+ its bus9ess4 ,col4 ,,mason4 ,?is inf]nal traffic orig9at$ 9 ! av>ice ( ,briti% m]*ants4 ,! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t con/antly *eck$ ! attempts ( ,virg9ia to put a /op to x4 ,! pres5t "q conc]ns n ! import+ ,/ates alone1 b ! :ole ,union4 ,! evil ( hav+ slaves 0 exp]i5c$ dur+ ! late w>4 ,_h slaves be5 treat$ z !y might h be5 by ! enemy1 !y w\ld h prov$ dang]\s in/rum5ts 9 _! h&s4 ,b _! folly dealt by ! slaves z x did by ! tories4 ,he m5tion$ ! dang]\s insurrections ( ! slaves 9 ,greece & ,sicily2 & ! in/ructions giv5 by ,cromwell to ! commission]s s5t to ,virg9ia1 to arm ! s]vants & slaves1 9 case o!r means ( obta9+ its submission %\ld fail4 ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia he said _h already prohibit$ ! importation ( slaves expressly4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a _h done ! same 9 sub/ance4 ,all ?is w\ld be 9 va91 if ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia be at lib]ty to import4 ,! ,we/]n p are already call+ out = slaves = _! new l&s2 & w fill t c\ntry ) slaves1 if !y c be got ?r\gh ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia4 ,slav]y disc\rages arts & manufactures4 ,! poor despise labor :5 p]=m$ by slaves4 ,!y prev5t ! emigration ( :ites1 :o really enri* & /r5g!n a c\ntry4 ,!y produce ! mo/ p]nici\s effect on mann]s4 ,e ma/] ( slaves is born a petty tyrant4 ,!y br+ ! judgm5t ( ,heav5 on a c\ntry4 ,z nations _c be rew>d$ or puni%$ 9 ! next _w1 !y mu/ be 9 ?is4 ,by an inevitable *a9 ( causes & effects1 ,provid5ce puni%es national s9s by national calamities4 ,he lam5t$ t "s ( our ,ea/]n bre?r5 _h1 f a lu/ ( ga91 emb>k$ 9 ?is nef>i\s traffic4 ,z to ! ,/ates be+ 9 possession ( ! "r to import1 ?is 0 ! case ) _m o!r rights1 n[ to be prop]ly giv5 up4 ,he held x ess5tial 9 e po9t ( view1 t ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t %\ld h p[] to prev5t ! increase ( slav]y4 ,mr4 ,,ellswor?1 z he _h nev] own$ a slave1 c\ld n judge ( ! effects ( slav]y on "*4 ,he said1 h[ev]1 t if x 0 to be consid]$ 9 a moral light1 we ought to g fur!r & free ^? already 9 ! c\ntry4 ,z slaves also multiply s fa/ 9 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& t x is *eap] to raise ?an import !m1 :il/ 9 ! sickly rice swamps =eign supplies are necess>y1 if we g no fur!r ?an is urg$1 we %all be unju/ t[>ds ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia4 ,let u n int]m$dle4 ,z population increases1 poor labor]s w be s pl5ty z to r5d] slaves useless4 ,slav]y1 9 "t1 w n be a speck 9 our c\ntry4 ,provision is already made 9 ,connecticut = aboli%+ x4 ,& ! abolition has already tak5 place 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,z to ! dang] ( insurrections f =eign influ5ce1 t w become a motive to k9d treatm5t ( ! slaves4 ,mr4 ,,p9ckney4 ,if slav]y be wrong1 x is ju/ifi$ by ! example ( all ! _w4 ,he cit$ ! case ( ,greece1 ,rome & o!r anci5t ,/ates2 ! sanction giv5 by ,france1 ,engl&1 ,holl& & o!r mod]n ,/ates4 ,9 all ages "o half ( mank9d h be5 slaves4 ,if ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 7 let alone1 !y w probably ( !mselves /op importations4 ,he w\ld himself1 z a citiz5 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 vote = x4 ,an attempt to take away ! "r1 z propos$1 w produce s]i\s objections to ! ,con/itution1 :i* he wi%$ to see adopt$4 ,g54 ,,p9ckney decl>$ x to be 8 firm op9ion t if himself & all 8 colleagues 7 to sign ! ,con/itution & use _! p]sonal influ5ce1 x w\ld be ( no avail t[>ds obta9+ ! ass5t ( _! con/itu5ts4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia _c d )\t slaves4 ,z to ,virg9ia1 %e w ga9 by /opp+ ! importations4 ,h] slaves w rise 9 value1 & %e has m ?an %e wants4 ,x w\ld be unequal1 to require ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 to conf$]ate on su* unequal t]ms4 ,he said ! ,royal ass5t1 be=e ! ,revolution1 _h nev] be5 refus$ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 z to ,virg9ia4 ,he cont5d$ t ! importation ( slaves w\ld be = ! int]e/ ( ! :ole ,union4 ,! m slaves1 ! m produce to employ ! c>ry+ trade2 ! m consumption also2 & ! m ( ?is1 ! m rev5ue = ! common treasury4 ,he admitt$ x to be reasonable t slaves %\ld be duti$ l o!r imports2 b %\ld consid] a rejection ( ! clause z an exclusion ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a f ! ,union4 ,mr4 ,,baldw9 _h conceiv$ national objects alone to be be=e ! ,conv5tion2 n su* z1 l ! pres5t1 7 ( a local nature4 ,georgia 0 decid$ on ?is po9t4 ,t ,/ate has always hi!rto suppos$ a ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t to be ! pursuit ( ! c5tral ,/ates1 :o wi%$ to h a vortex = ev]y?+2 t h] di/ance w\ld preclude h]1 f equal advantage2 & t %e c\ld n prud5tly pur*ase x by yield+ national p[]s4 ,f ?is x might be und]/ood1 9 :at light %e w\ld view an attempt to abridge "o ( h] favorite pr]ogatives4 ,if left to h]self1 %e may probably put a /op to ! evil4 ,z "o gr\nd = ?is conjecture1 he took notice ( ! sect ( ----2 :i* he said 0 a respectable class ( p1 :o c>ri$ _! e?ics beyond ! m]e equality ( m51 ext5d+ _! humanity to ! claims ( ! :ole animal creation4 ,mr4 ,,wilson obs]v$ t if ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 7 !mselves dispos$ to get rid ( ! importation ( slaves 9 a %ort "t1 z _h be5 sugge/$1 !y w\ld nev] refuse to unite because ! importation might be prohibit$4 ,z ! section n[ /&s1 all articles import$ are to be tax$4 ,slaves alone are exempt4 ,?is is 9 fact a b\nty on t article4 ,mr4 ,,g]ry ?\ght we _h no?+ to d ) ! conduct ( ! ,/ates z to slaves1 b ought to be c>eful n to give any sanction to x4 ,mr4 ,,dick9son consid]$ x z inadmissible1 on e pr9ciple ( honor & safety1 t ! importation ( slaves %\ld be au?oriz$ to ! ,/ates by ! ,con/itution4 ,! true "q 01 :e!r ! national happ9ess w\ld be promot$ or imp$$ by ! importation2 & ?is "q ought to be left to ! ,national ,gov]nm5t1 n to ! ,/ates p>ticul>ly int]e/$4 ,if ,engl& & ,france p]mit slav]y1 slaves are1 at ! same "t1 exclud$ f bo? ^? k+doms4 ,greece & ,rome 7 made unhappy by _! slaves4 ,he c\ld n believe t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld refuse to conf$]ate on ! acc\nt appreh5d$2 especially z ! p[] 0 n likely to be imm$iately ex]cis$ by ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,mr4 ,,williamson /at$ ! law ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a on ! subject1 to wit1 t x did n directly prohibit ! importation ( slaves4 ,x impos$ a duty ( #e on ea* slave import$ f ,africa2 #aj on ea* f else:]e2 & #ej on ea* f a ,/ate lic5s+ manumission4 ,he ?\ght ! ,s\!rn ,/ates c\ld n be memb]s ( ! ,union1 if ! clause %\ld be reject$2 & t x 0 wrong to =ce any ?+ d[n n absolutely necess>y1 & :i* any ,/ate mu/ disagree to4 ,mr4 ,,k+ ?\ght ! subject %\ld be consid]$ 9 a political light only4 ,if two ,/ates w n agree to ! ,con/itution1 z /at$ on "o side1 he c\ld affirm ) equal belief1 on ! o!r1 t great & equal opposition w\ld be exp]i5c$ f ! o!r ,/ates4 ,he rem>k$ on ! exemption ( slaves f duty1 :il/ e o!r import 0 subject$ to x1 z an inequality t c\ld n fail to /rike ! comm]cial sagacity ( ! ,nor!rn & ,middle ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,,langdon 0 /r5u\s = giv+ ! p[] to ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,he c\ld n1 ) a good consci5ce1 leave x ) ! ,/ates1 :o c\ld !n g on ) ! traffic1 )\t be+ re/ra9$ by ! op9ions "h giv51 t !y w !mselves cease to import slaves4 ,g54 ,,p9ckney ?\ght himself b\nd to decl>e c&idly1 t he did n ?9k ,s\? ,c>ol9a w\ld /op h] importations ( slaves1 9 any %ort "t2 b only /op !m occasionally z %e n[ does4 ,he mov$ to commit ! clause1 t slaves might be made liable to an equal tax ) o!r imports2 :i* he ?\ght "r1 & :i* w\ld remove "o difficulty t _h be5 />t$4 ,mr4 ,,rutl$ge4 ,if ! ,conv5tion ?9ks t ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 w ev] agree to ! plan1 unless _! "r to import slaves be unt\*$1 ! expectation is va94 ,! p ( ^? ,/ates w nev] be su* fools1 z to give up s important an int]e/4 ,he 0 /r5u\s aga9/ /rik+ out ! section1 & second$ ! motion ( ,g54 ,,p9ckney = a commitm5t4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris wi%$ ! :ole subject to be committ$1 includ+ ! clauses relat+ to taxes on exports & to a navigation act4 ,^! ?+s may =m a b>ga9 among ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,,mr4 ,,butl] decl>$ t he nev] w\ld agree to ! p[] ( tax+ exports4 ,mr4 ,,%]man said x 0 bett] to let ! ,s\!rn ,/ates import slaves1 ?an to "p ) !m1 if !y made t a s9e qua non4 ,he 0 oppos$ to a tax on slaves import$1 z mak+ ! matt] worse1 because x impli$ !y 7 prop]ty4 ,he ackn[l$g$ t if ! p[] ( prohibit+ ! importation %\ld be giv5 to ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 t x w\ld be ex]cis$4 ,he ?\ght x w\ld be its duty to ex]cise ! p[]4 ,mr4 ,,read 0 = ! commitm5t1 provid$ ! clause conc]n+ taxes on exports %\ld also be committ$4 ,mr4 ,,%]man obs]v$ t t clause _h be5 agre$ to1 & !re=e c\ld n be committ$4 ,mr4 ,r&olph 0 = committ+1 9 ord] t "s middle gr\nd might1 if possible1 be f\nd4 ,he c\ld nev] agree to ! clause z x /&s4 ,he w\ld soon] risk ! ,con/itution4 ,he dwelt on ! dilemma to :i* ! ,conv5tion 0 expos$4 ,by agree+ to ! clause1 x w\ld revolt ! ,quak]s1 ! ,me?odi/s1 & _m o!rs 9 ! ,/ates hav+ no slaves4 ,on ! o!r h&1 two ,/ates might be lo/ to ! ,union4 ,let u !n1 he said1 try ! *ance ( a commitm5t4 ,on ! "q = committ+ ! rema9+ "p ( ,sections #d & #e1 ( ,article #g1--;,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#g2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 no--#c2 ,massa*usetts abs5t4 ,mr4 ,p9ckney & ,mr4 ,langdon mov$ to commit ,section #f1 z to a navigation act by two-?irds ( ea* ,h\se4 ,mr4 ,gorham did n see ! propriety ( x4 ,is x meant to require a great] proportion ( votes8 ,he desir$ x to be rememb]$1 t ! ,ea/]n ,/ates _h no motive to union b a comm]cial "o4 ,!y 7 able to protect !mselves4 ,!y 7 n afraid ( ext]nal dang]1 & did n ne$ ! aid ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,wilson wi%$ = a commitm5t1 9 ord] to r$uce ! proportion ( votes requir$4 ,mr4 ,ellswor? 0 = tak+ ! plan z x is4 ,?is wid5+ ( op9ions _h a ?reat5+ aspect4 ,if we d n agree on ?is middle & mod]ate gr\nd1 he 0 afraid we %\ld lose two ,/ates1 ) su* o!rs z may be dispos$ to /& alo(2 %\ld fly into a v>iety ( %apes & directions1 & mo/ probably into sev]al conf$]ations1--& n )\t blood%$4 ,on ! "q = committ+ ,section #f1 z to a navigation act1 to a memb] f ea* ,/ate1--,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#i2 ,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 no--#b4 ,! ,committee appo9t$ 7 ,messrs4 ,langdon1 ,k+1 ,johnson1 ,liv+/on1 ,clym]1 ,dick9son1 ,l4 ,m>t91 ,madison1 ,williamson1 ,c4,c4 ,p9ckney1 & ,baldw94 ,to ?is ,committee 7 ref]r$ also ! two clauses above m5tion$ ( ! f\r? & fif? ,sections ( ,article #g4--pp4 #acij to #acig4 ,friday1 ,augu/ #bd1 #aghg ,9 ,conv5tion1--,gov]nor ,liv+/on1 f ! committee ( elev51 to :om 7 ref]r$ ! two rema9+ clauses ( ! f\r? section1 & ! fif? & six? sections1 ( ! sev5? ,article1 deliv]$ 9 ! foll[+ ,report3 ,/rike out s mu* ( ! f\r? section z 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee1 & ins]t1 ',! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z ! sev]al ,/ates1 n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,legislature prior to ! ye> #ahjj2 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* migration or importation1 at a rate n exce$+ ! av]age ( ! duties laid on imports4 ,! fif? ,section to rema9 z 9 ! ,report4 ,! six? ,section to be /rick5 out4--p4 #adae4 ,,saturday1 ,augu/ #be1 #aghg4 ,! ,report ( ! ,committee ( elev5 7see ,friday1 ! tw5ty-f\r?71 be+ tak5 up1-- ,g54 ,,p9ckney mov$ to /rike out ! words1 ! ye> eighte5 hundr$1 z ! ye> limit+ ! importation ( slaves2 & to ins]t ! words1 ! ye> eighte5 hundr$ & eight4 ,mr4 ,,gorham second$ ! motion4 ,mr4 ,,madison4 ,tw5ty ye>s w produce all ! mis*ief t c be appreh5d$ f ! lib]ty to import slaves4 ,s long a t]m w be m di%onorable to ! ,am]ican "*1 ?an to say no?+ ab\t x 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,on ! motion1 :i* pass$ 9 ! affirmative1--,new-,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,m>yl&1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#g2 ,new-,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,virg9ia1 no--#d4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris 0 = mak+ ! clause read at once1 ! importation ( slaves 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 %all n be prohibit$1 c4 ,?is he said1 w\ld be mo/ fair1 & w\ld avoid ! ambiguity by :i*1 "u ! p[] ) reg>d to naturalization1 ! lib]ty res]v$ to ! ,/ates might be defeat$4 ,he wi%$ x to be kn[n1 also1 t ?is "p ( ! ,con/itution 0 a compliance ) ^? ,/ates4 ,if ! *ange ( language1 h[ev]1 %\ld be object$ to1 by ! memb]s f ^? ,/ates1 he %\ld n urge x4 ,col4 ,,mason 0 n aga9/ us+ ! t]m slaves1 b aga9/ nam+ ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,georgia1 le/ x %\ld give (f5ce to ! p ( ^? ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,,%]man lik$ a description bett] ?an ! t]ms propos$1 :i* _h be5 decl9$ by ! old ,congress1 & 7 n pleas+ to "s p4 ,mr4 ,,clym] concurr$ ) ,mr4 ,,%]man4 ,mr4 ,,williamson said1 t bo? 9 op9ion & practice he 0 aga9/ slav]y2 b ?\ght x m 9 favor ( humanity1 f a view ( all circum/ances1 to let 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia on ^? t]ms1 ?an to exclude !m f ! ,union4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris )drew 8 motion4 ,mr4 ,,dick9son wi%$ ! clause to be conf9$ to ! ,/ates :i* _h n !mselves prohibit$ ! importation ( slaves2 & = t purpose mov$ to am5d ! clause1 s z to read3 ,! importation ( slaves into su* ( ! ,/ates z %all p]mit ! same1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,legislature ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 until ! ye> #ahjh2 :i* 0 disagre$ to1 nem4 con4#d ,footnote #d3 ,9 ! pr9t$ ,j\rnals1 ,connecticut1 ,virg9ia1 & ,georgia1 vot$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! ,report 0 !n agre$ to1 am5d$ z foll[s3 ,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z ! sev]al ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,legislature prior to ! ye> #ahjh1-- ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,m>yl&1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#g2 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,virg9ia1 no--#d4 ,mr4 ,,baldw91 9 ord] to re/ra9 & m explicitly def9e1 ! av]age duty1 mov$ to /rike out ( ! second "p ! words1 av]age ( ! duties laid on imports1 & ins]t common impo/ on articles n enum]at$2 :i* 0 agre$ to1 nem4 con4 ,mr4 ,,%]man 0 aga9/ ?is second "p1 z ackn[l$g+ m5 to be prop]ty1 by tax+ !m z su* "u ! "* ( slaves4 ,mr4 ,,k+ & ,mr4 ,,langdon consid]$ ?is z ! price ( ! fir/ "p4 ,g54 ,,p9ckney admitt$ t x 0 s4 ,col4 ,,mason4 ,n to tax1 w be equival5t to a b\nty on1 ! importation ( slaves4 ,mr4 ,,gorham ?\ght t ,mr4 ,,%]man %\ld consid] ! duty1 n z imply+ t slaves are prop]ty1 b z a disc\ragem5t to ! importation ( !m4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris rem>k$1 t1 z ! clause n[ /&s1 x implies t ! ,legislature may tax freem5 import$4 ,mr4 ,,%]man1 9 answ] to ,mr4 ,,gorham1 obs]v$1 t ! smallness ( ! duty %[$ rev5ue to be ! object1 n ! disc\ragem5t ( ! importation4 ,mr4 ,,madison ?\ght x wrong to admit 9 ! ,con/itution ! idea t !re c\ld be prop]ty 9 m54 ,! reason ( duties did n hold1 z slaves are n1 l m]*&ize consum$1 c4 ,col4 ,,mason1 9 answ] to ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris4 ,! provision1 z x /&s1 0 necess>y = ! case ( convicts1 9 ord] to prev5t ! introduction ( !m4 ,x 0 f9ally agre$1 nem4 con41 to make ! clause read3 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son2 & !n ! second "p1 z am5d$1 0 agre$ to4--pp4 #adbg to #cj4 ,,tuesday1 ,augu/ #bh1 #aghg4 ,article #ad1 0 !n tak5 up4#e ,footnote #e3 ,article #ad 01--,! citiz5s ( ea* ,/ate %all be entitl$ to all privileges & immunities ( citiz5s 9 ! sev]al ,/ates4--,,editor4 ,g5]al ,,p9ckney 0 n satisfi$ ) x4 ,he seem$ to wi% "s provision %\ld be includ$ 9 favor ( prop]ty 9 slaves4 ,on ! "q on ,article #ad1--,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 aye--#i2 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no--#a2 ,georgia1 divid$4 ,article #ae1f be+ !n tak5 up1 ! words1 high misdemeanor1 7 /ruck out1 & ! words1 o!r crime1 ins]t$1 9 ord] to compreh5d all prop] cases2 x be+ d\btful :e!r high misdemeanor _h n a te*nical mean+ too limit$4 ,footnote #f3 ,article #ae 01--,any p]son *>g$ ) treason1 felony or high misdemeanor 9 any ,/ate1 :o %all flee f ju/ice1 & %all be f\nd 9 any o!r ,/ate1 %all1 on dem& ( ! ,executive p[] ( ! ,/ate f :i* he fl$1 be deliv]$ up & remov$ to ! ,/ate hav+ jurisdiction ( ! (f5ce4--,,editor4 ,mr4 ,,butl] & ,mr4 ,,p9ckney mov$ to require fugitive slaves & s]vants to be deliv]$ up l crim9als4 ,mr4 ,,wilson4 ,?is w\ld oblige ! ,executive ( ! ,/ate to d x1 at ! public exp5se4 ,mr4 ,,%]man saw no m propriety 9 ! public seiz+ & surr5d]+ a slave or s]vant1 ?an a horse4 ,mr4 ,,butl] )drew 8 proposition1 9 ord] t "s p>ticul> provision might be made1 ap>t f ?is article4 ,article #ae1 z am5d$1 0 !n agre$ to1 nem4 con4--pp4 #addg-h4 ,,w$nesday1 ,,augu/ #bi1 #aghg4 ,article #g1 ,section #f1 by ! ,committee ( ,elev5 report$ to be /ruck out 7see ! tw5ty-f\r? in/47 be+ n[ tak5 up1-- ,mr4 ,,p9ckney mov$ to po/pone ! ,report1 9 favor ( ! foll[+ proposition3 ,t no act ( ! ,legislature = ! purpose ( regulat+ ! ,comm]ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) =eign p[]s1 among ! sev]al ,/ates1 %all be pass$ )\t ! ass5t ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s ( ea* ,h\se4 ,he rem>k$ t !re 7 five di/9ct comm]cial int]e/s4 ,! p[] ( regulat+ comm]ce 0 a pure concession on ! "p ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,!y did n ne$ ! protection ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates at pres5t4--p4 #adej4 ,g5]al ,,p9ckney said x 0 ! true int]e/ ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to h no regulation ( comm]ce2 b consid]+ ! loss br\ght on ! comm]ce ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates by ! ,revolution1 _! lib]al conduct t[>ds ! views#g ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ! int]e/ ! weak ,s\!rn ,/ates _h 9 be+ unit$ ) ! /rong ,ea/]n ,/ates1 he ?\ght x prop] t no fett]s %\ld be impos$ on ! p[] ( mak+ comm]cial regulations1 & t 8 con/itu5ts1 ?\gh prejudic$ aga9/ ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 w\ld be reconcil$ to ?is lib]ality4 ,he _h1 himself1 he said1 prejudices aga9/ ! ,ea/]n ,/ates be=e he came "h1 b w\ld ackn[l$ge t he _h f\nd !m z lib]al & c&id z any m5 :atev]4--p4 #adea4 ,footnote #g3 ,he meant ! p]mission to import slaves4 ,an und]/&+ on ! two subjects ( navigation & slav]y1 _h tak5 place betwe5 ^? p>ts ( ! ,union1 :i* expla9s ! vote ( ! motion dep5d+1 z well z ! language ( ,g5]al ,p9ckney & o!rs4 ,mr4 ,,p9ckney repli$1 t 8 enum]ation meant ! five m9ute int]e/s4 ,x /ill left ! two great divisions ( ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn int]e/s4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris oppos$ ! object ( ! motion z highly injuri\s4--,a navy 0 ess5tial to security1 p>ticul>ly ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates2-- ,mr4 ,,williamson4 ,z to ! weakness ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 he 0 n al>m$ on t acc\nt4 ,! sickl9ess ( _! climate = invad]s w\ld prev5t _! be+ made an object4 ,he ackn[l$g$ t he did n ?9k ! motion requir+ two-?irds necess>y 9 itself2 because if a majority ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates %\ld pu% _! regulations too f>1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld build %ips = !mselves2 b he knew ! ,s\!rn p 7 appreh5sive on ?is subject1 & w\ld be pleas$ ) ! precaution4 ,mr4 ,,spaight 0 aga9/ ! motion4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates c\ld at any "t save !mselves f oppression1 by build+ %ips = _! own use4--p4 #adeb4 ,mr4 ,,butl] diff]$ f ^? :o consid]$ ! rejection ( ! motion z no concession on ! "p ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,he consid]$ ! int]e/s ( ^! & ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates to be z diff]5t z ! int]e/s ( ,russia & ,turkey4 ,be+1 not)/&+1 desir\s ( conciliat+ ! affections ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 he %\ld vote aga9/ requir+ two-?irds in/ead ( a majority4--p4 #adec4 ,mr4 ,,madison4 ,he add$1 t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld d]ive an ess5tial advantage1 9 ! g5]al security af=d$ by ! increase ( our m>itime /r5g?4 ,he /at$ ! vuln]able situation ( !m all1 & ( ,virg9ia 9 p>ticul>4 ,mr4 ,,rutl$ge 0 aga9/ ! motion ( 8 colleague4 ,at ! wor/1 a navigation act c\ld be> h>d a little :ile only on ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,z we are lay+ ! f\ndation = a great empire1 we ought to take a p]man5t view ( ! subject1 & n look at ! pres5t mom5t only4 ,mr4 ,,gorman4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates 7 n l$ to /r5g!n ! ,union by fe> = _! own safety4 ,he deprecat$ ! consequ5ces ( disunion2 b if x %\ld take place1 x 0 ! ,s\!rn "p ( ! ,cont95t t _h mo/ reason to dread !m4 ,on ! "q to po/pone1 9 ord] to take up ,mr4 ,,p9ckney's motion1-- ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#d2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 no--#g4 ,! ,report ( ! ,committee = /rik+ out ,section #f1 requir+ two-?irds ( ea* ,h\se to pass a navigation act1 0 !n agre$ to1 nem4 con4 ,mr4 ,,butl] mov$ to ins]t aft] ,article #ae1 ,if any p]son b\nd to s]vice or labor 9 any ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all escape into ano!r ,/ate1 he or %e %all n be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor1 9 consequ5ce ( any regulations subsi/+ 9 ! ,/ate to :i* !y escape1 b %all be deliv]$ up to ! p]son ju/ly claim+ _! s]vice or labor1--:i* 0 agre$ to1 nem4 con4--p4 #aded-e-f4 ,,?ursday1 ,augu/ #cj1 #aghg4 ,article #ah1 be+ tak5 up1 ,on a "q = /rik+ out dome/ic viol5ce1 & ins]t+ insurrections1 x pass$ 9 ! negative1--,new ,j]sey1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 aye--#e2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 no--#f4--pp4 #adff-g4 ,,monday1 ,septemb] #aj1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,,rutl$ge said he nev] c\ld agree to give a p[] by :i* ! articles relat+ to slaves might be alt]$ by ! ,/ates n int]e/$ 9 t prop]ty1 & prejudic$ aga9/ x4 ,9 ord] to obviate ?is objection1 ^! words 7 add$ to ! proposition3 provid$ t no am5dm5ts1 :i* may be made prior to ! ye> #ahjh %all 9 any mann] affect ! f\r? & fif? sections ( ! sev5? ,article3--p4 #aecf4 ,,tuesday1 ,septemb] #ac1 #aghg4 ,article #a1 ,section #b4 ,on motion ( ,mr4 ,,r&olph1 ! ^w s]vitude 0 /ruck out1 & s]vice unanim\sly#h ins]t$1 ! =m] be+ ?\ght to express ! condition ( slaves1 & ! latt] ! obligations ( free p]sons4 ,footnote #h3 ,see page #cgb ( ! pr9t$ j\rnal4 ,mr4 ,,dick5son & ,mr4 ,,wilson mov$ to /rike out1 & direct taxes1 f ,article #a1 ,section #b1 z improp]ly plac$ 9 a clause relat+ m]ely to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,mr4 ,,g\v]neur ,,morris4 ,! ins]tion "h 0 9 consequ5ce ( :at _h pass$ on ?is po9t2 9 ord] to exclude ! appe>ance ( c\nt+ ! negroes 9 ! repres5tation4 ,! includ+ ( !m may n[ be ref]r$ to ! object ( direct taxes1 & incid5tally only to t ( repres5tation4 ,on ! motion to /rike out1 & direct taxes1 f ?is place1-- ,new ,j]sey1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1 aye--#c2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,georgia1 no--#h4--pp4 #aefi-gj4 ,,saturday1 ,septemb] #ae1 #aghg4 ,article #d1 ,section #b1 7! ?ird p>agraph17 ! t]m legally 0 /ruck out2 & ! words1 "u ! laws !re(1 ins]t$ aft] ! ^w ,/ate1 9 compliance ) ! wi% ( "s :o ?\ght ! t]m legal equivocal1 & favor+ ! idea t slav]y 0 legal 9 a moral view4--p4 #aehi4 ,mr4 ,,g]ry /at$ ! objections :i* det]m9$ him to )hold 8 "n f ! ,con/itution3 #a-b-c-d-e-f1 t ?ree-fif?s ( ! blacks are to be repres5t$1 z if !y 7 freem54--p4 #aeie4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,f$]al ,,conv5tion ,,:o ,,=m$ ,,! ,,con/itution ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,f ,att5d$4 ,new ,hamp%ire1 #a ,john ,langdon1 ,july #bc1 #aghg4 ,john ,pick]+1 #b ,ni*olas ,gilman1 #bc4 ,b5jam9 ,we/1 ,massa*usetts1 ,francis ,dana1 ,elbridge ,g]ry1 ,may #bi4 #c ,na?'l ,gorham1 #bh4 #d ,rufus ,k+1 #be4 ,caleb ,/rong1 ,may #bh4 ,rhode ,isl&1 7,no appo9tm5t47 ,connecticut1 #e ,w4,s4 ,johnson1 ,june #b4 #f ,rog] ,%]man1 ,may #cj4 ,oliv] ,ellswor?1 #bi4 ,new ,york1 ,rob]t ,yates1 #be4 #g ,alex'r ,hamilton1 #be4 ,john ,lans+1 ,june #b4 ,new ,j]sey1 #h ,wm4 ,liv+/on1 #e4 #i ,david ,bre>ly1 ,may #be4 ,wm4 ,c4 ,h\/on1 ,may #be4 #aj ,wm4 ,patt]son1 d4 ,john ,nielson1 ,abraham ,cl>k4 #aa ,jona?an ,dayton1 ,june #ba4 ,p5nsylvania1 #ab ,b5j4 ,frankl91 ,may #bh4 #ac ,?os4 ,miffl91 d4 #ad ,rob]t ,morris1 ,may #be4 #ae ,geo4 ,clym]1 #bh4 #af ,?os4 ,fitzsimons1 #be4 #ag ,j>$ ,+]soll1 #bh4 #ah ,james ,wilson1 #be4 #ai ,g\v'r ,morris1 #be4 ,delaw>e1 #bj ,geo4 ,re$1 #be4 #ba ,g4 ,b$=d1 ,jr4 #bh4 #bb ,john ,dick5son1 #bh4 #bc ,ri*>d ,bassett1 #be4 #bd ,jacob ,broom1 #be4 ,m>yl&1 #be ,james ,m',h5ry1 #bi4 #bf ,daniel ( ,/4 ,?o4 ,j5if]1 ,june #b4 #bg ,daniel ,c>roll1 ,july #i4 ,john ,f4 ,m]c]1 ,aug4 #f4 ,lu!r ,m>t91 ,june #i4 ,virg9ia1 #bh ,g4 ,wa%+ton1 ,may #be4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 7decl9$47 ,edmund ,r&olph1 #be4 #bi ,john ,blair1 #be4 #cj ,jas4 ,madison1 ,jr4 #be4 ,george ,mason1 #be4 ,george ,wy!1 #be4 ,james ,mc,clurg1 79 room ( ,p4 ,h5ry7 #be4 #ca ,wm4 ,bl\nt 79 room ( ,r4 ,caswell71 ,june #bj4 ,willie ,jones1 7decl9$47 #cb ,r4,d4 ,spaight1 ,may #be4 #cc ,hugh ,williamson1 79 room ( ,w4 ,jones17 ,may #be4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #cd ,john ,rutl$ge1 #be4 #ce ,*as4 ,c4 ,p9ckney1 #be4 #cf ,*as4 ,p9ckney1 #be4 #cg ,peirce ,butl]1 #be4 ,georgia1 #ch ,william ,few1 ,may #be4 #ci ,abr'm ,baldw91 ,june #aa4 ,william ,pi]ce1 ,may #ca4 ,george ,walton4 ,wm4 ,h\/on1 ,june #a4 ,na?'l ,p5dleton4 ,^? ) numb]s be=e _! names sign$ ! ,con/itution4 #ci ,^? 9 italics nev] att5d$4 #aj ,memb]s :o att5d$1 b did n sign ! ,con/itution1 #af -- #fe ,extracts f a spee* ( ,lu!r ,m>t91 7deliv]$ be=e ! ,legislature ( ,m>yl&17 "o ( ! delegates f ,m>yl& to ! ,conv5tion t =m$ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,) respect to t "p ( ! second section ( ! fir/ ,article1 :i* relates to ! apportionm5t ( repres5tation & direct taxation1 !re 7 consid]able objections made to x1 besides ! great objection ( inequality--,x 0 urg$1 t no pr9ciple c\ld ju/ify tak+ slaves into computation 9 apportion+ ! numb] ( repres5tatives a ,/ate %\ld h 9 ! gov]nm5t--,t x involv$ ! absurdity ( increas+ ! p[] ( a ,/ate 9 mak+ laws = free m5 9 proportion z t ,/ate violat$ ! rights ( fre$om--,t x might be prop] to take slaves into consid]ation1 :5 taxes 7 to be apportion$1 because x _h a t5d5cy to disc\rage slav]y2 b to take !m into acc\nt 9 giv+ repres5tation t5d$ to enc\rage ! slave trade1 & to make x ! int]e/ ( ! ,/ates to cont9ue t infam\s traffic--,t slaves c\ld n be tak5 into acc\nt z m51 or citiz5s1 because !y 7 n admitt$ to ! rights ( citiz5s1 9 ! ,/ates :i* adopt$ or cont9u$ slav]y--,if !y 7 to be tak5 into acc\nt z prop]ty1 x 0 ask$1 :at peculi> circum/ance %\ld r5d] ?is prop]ty 7( all o!rs ! mo/ odi\s 9 its nature7 entitl$ to ! high privilege ( conf]r+ consequ5ce & p[] 9 ! gov]nm5t to its possessors1 r ?an any o!r prop]ty3 & :y slaves %\ld1 z prop]ty1 be tak5 into acc\nt r ?an horses1 cattle1 mules1 or any o!r species2 & x 0 obs]v$ by an honorable memb] f ,massa*usetts1 t he consid]$ x z di%onorable & humiliat+ to ent] into compact ) ! slaves ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 z x w\ld ) ! horses & mules ( ! ,ea/]n4 ,by ! n9? section ( ?is ,article1 ! importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ prior to ! ye> #ahjh1 b a duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,! design ( ?is clause is to prev5t ! g5]al gov]nm5t f prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves2 b ! same reasons :i* caus$ !m to /rike out ! ^w national1 & n admit ! ^w /amps1 influ5c$ !m "h to gu>d aga9/ ! ^w slaves4 ,!y anxi\sly s\ght to avoid ! admission ( expressions :i* might be odi\s 9 ! e>s ( ,am]icans1 al?\gh !y 7 will+ to admit into _! sy/em ^? ?+s :i* ! expressions signifi$2 & h5ce x is t ! clause is s word$ z really to au?orize ! g5]al gov]nm5t to impose a duty ( t5 doll>s on e =eign] :o comes into a ,/ate to become a citiz51 :e!r he comes absolutely free1 or qualifi$ly s z a s]vant2 al?\gh ?is is contr>y to ! design ( ! fram]s1 & ! duty 0 only meant to ext5d to ! importation ( slaves4 ,?is clause 0 ! subject ( a great div]sity ( s5tim5t 9 ! ,conv5tion4 ,z ! sy/em 0 report$ by ! committee ( detail1 ! provision 0 g5]al1 t su* importation %\ld n be prohibit$1 )\t conf9+ x to any p>ticul> p]iod4 ,?is 0 reject$ by eight ,/ates--,georgia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 &1 ,i ?9k1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 vot+ = x4 ,we 7 !n told by ! delegates ( ! two fir/ ( ^? ,/ates1 t _! ,/ates w\ld nev] agree to a sy/em1 :i* put x 9 ! p[] ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to prev5t ! importation ( slaves1 & t !y1 z delegates f ^? ,/ates1 mu/ )hold _! ass5t f su* a sy/em4 ,a committee ( "o memb] f ea* ,/ate 0 *os5 by ballot1 to take ?is "p ( ! sy/em "u _! consid]ation1 & to endeavor to agree ^u "s report1 :i* %\ld reconcile ^? ,/ates4 ,to ?is committee also 0 ref]r$ ! foll[+ proposition1 :i* _h be5 report$ by ! committee ( detail1 to wit3 ,no navigation act %all be pass$ )\t ! ass5t ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t 9 ea* h\se2 a proposition :i* ! /aple & comm]cial ,/ates 7 solicit\s to reta91 le/ _! comm]ce %\ld be plac$ too mu* "u ! p[] ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates2 b :i* ^! la/ ,/ates 7 z anxi\s to reject4 ,?is committee1 ( :i* also ,i _h ! honor to be a memb]1 met & took "u _! consid]ation ! subjects committ$ to !m4 ,i f\nd ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 not)/&+ _! av]sion to slav]y1 7 v will+ to indulge ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 at lea/ ) a tempor>y lib]ty to prosecute ! slave trade1 provid$ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld 9 _! turn gratify !m1 by lay+ no re/riction on navigation acts2 & aft] a v little "t1 ! committee1 by a great majority1 agre$ on a report1 by :i* ! g5]al gov]nm5t 0 to be prohibit$ f prev5t+ ! importation ( slaves = a limit$ "t1 & ! re/rict$ clause relative to navigation acts 0 to be omitt$4 ,?is report 0 adopt$ by a majority ( ! ,conv5tion1 b n )\t consid]able opposition4 ,x 0 said1 we _h j assum$ a place among indep5d5t nations 9 consequ5ce ( our opposition to ! attempts ( ,great ,brita9 to enslave u2 t ?is opposition 0 gr\nd$ ^u ! pres]vation ( ^? rights to :i* ,god & nature _h entitl$ u1 n 9 p>ticul>1 b 9 common ) all ! re/ ( mank9d2 t we _h appeal$ to ! ,supreme ,be+ = 8 assi/ance1 z ! ,god ( fre$om1 :o c\ld n b approve our ef=ts to pres]ve ! rights :i* he _h ?us imp>t$ to 8 creatures2 t n[1 :5 we _h sc>cely ris5 f our knees1 f supplicat+ 8 m]cy & protection 9 =m+ our gov]nm5t ov] a free p1 a gov]nm5t =m$ pret5d$ly on ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 & = its pres]vation1--9 t gov]nm5t to h a provision n only putt+ x out ( its p[] to re/ra9 & prev5t ! slave trade1 ev5 enc\rag+ t mo/ infam\s traffic1 by giv+ ! ,/ates ! p[] & influ5ce 9 ! ,union 9 proportion z !y cruelly & wantonly sport$ ) ! rights ( _! fell[-creatures1 ought to be consid]$ z a solemn mock]y (1 & an insult to1 t ,god ^: protection we _h !n implor$1 & c\ld n fail to hold u up 9 dete/ation1 & r5d] u contemptible to e true fri5d ( lib]ty 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 said1 x ought be consid]$ t national crimes c only be1 & frequ5tly are1 puni%$ 9 ?is _w by national puni%m5ts2 & t ! cont9uance ( ! slave trade1 & ?us giv+ x a national sanction1 & enc\ragem5t1 ought to be consid]$ z ju/ly expos+ u to ! displeasure & v5geance ( him :o is equally ,"l ( all1 & :o views ) equal eye ! poor ,african slave & 8 ,am]ican ma/]6 ,x 0 urg$ t by ?is sy/em1 we 7 giv+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t full & absolute p[] to regulate comm]ce1 "u :i* g5]al p[] x w\ld h a "r to re/ra91 or totally prohibit1 ! slave trade3 x mu/1 !re=e1 appe> to ! _w absurd & disgraceful to ! la/ degree1 t we %\ld except f ! ex]cise ( t p[]1 ! only bran* ( comm]ce :i* is unju/ifiable 9 its nature1 & contr>y to ! rights ( mank9d4 ,t1 on ! contr>y1 we ought r to prohibit expressly 9 our ,con/itution1 ! fur!r importation ( slaves1 & to au?orize ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 f "t to "t1 to make su* regulations z %\ld be ?\ght mo/ advantage\s = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 & ! emancipation ( ! slaves :i* are already 9 ! ,/ates4 ,t slav]y is inconsi/5t ) ! g5ius ( republicanism1 & has a t5d5cy to de/roy ^? pr9ciples on :i* x is support$1 z x less5s ! s5se ( ! equal rights ( mank9d1 & habituates u to tyranny & oppression4 ,x 0 fur!r urg$1 t1 by ?is sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 e ,/ate is to be protect$ bo? f =eign invasion & f dome/ic insurrections2 f ?is consid]ation1 x 0 ( ! utmo/ importance x %\ld h a p[] to re/ra9 ! importation ( slaves1 s9ce1 9 proportion z ! numb] ( slaves are increas$ 9 any ,/ate1 9 ! same proportion ! ,/ate is weak5$ & expos$ to =eign invasion or dome/ic insurrection1 & by s mu* less w x be able to protect itself aga9/ ei!r1 & !re=e w by s mu* ! m want aid f1 & be a burd5 to1 ! ,union4 ,x 0 fur!r said1 t1 z 9 ?is sy/em we 7 giv+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t a p[]1 "u ! idea ( national "*1 or national int]e/1 to regulate ev5 our weights & measures1 & h prohibit$ all possibility ( emitt+ pap] money1 & pass+ insolv5t laws1 c41 x mu/ appe> /ill m extraord9>y1 t we %\ld prohibit ! gov]nm5t f int]f]+ ) bo? slave trade1 ?an :i* no?+ c\ld s mat]ially affect bo? our national honor & int]e/4 ,^! reasons influ5c$ me1 bo? on ! committee & 9 conv5tion1 mo/ decid$ly to oppose & vote aga9/ ! clause1 z x n[ makes "p ( ! sy/em4 ,y w p]ceive1 sir1 n only t ! g5]al gov]nm5t is prohibit$ f int]f]+ 9 ! slave trade be=e ! ye> eighte5 hundr$ & eight1 b t !re is no provision 9 ! ,con/itution t x %all aft]w>ds be prohibit$1 nor any security t su* prohibition w ev] take place2 & ,i ?9k !re is great reason to believe1 t1 if ! importation ( slaves is p]mitt$ until ! ye> eighte5 hundr$ & eight1 x w n be prohibit$ aft]w>ds4 ,at ?is "t1 we d n g5]ally hold ?is comm]ce 9 s great abhorr5ce z we h done4 ,:5 our lib]ties 7 at /ake1 we w>mly felt = ! common rights ( m54 ,! dang] be+ ?\ght to be pa/1 :i* ?reat5$ ourselves1 we are daily gr[+ m ins5sible to ^? rights4 ,9 ^? ,/ates :i* h re/ra9$ or prohibit$ ! importation ( slaves1 x is only done by legislative acts1 :i* may be repeal$4 ,:5 ^? ,/ates f9d t !y mu/1 9 _! national "* & connexion1 suff] 9 ! disgrace1 & %>e 9 ! inconv5i5ces att5dant ^u t dete/able & iniquit\s traffic1 !y may be desir\s also to %>e 9 ! b5efits aris+ f x2 & ! odium att5d+ x w be greatly effac$ by ! sanction :i* is giv5 to x 9 ! g5]al gov]nm5t4 ,by ! next p>agraph1 ! g5]al gov]nm5t is to h a p[] ( susp5d+ ! habeas corpus act1 9 cases ( rebellion or invasion4 ,z ! ,/ate gov]nm5ts h a p[] ( susp5d+ ! habeas corpus act 9 ^? cases1 x 0 said1 !re c\ld be no reason = giv+ su* a p[] to ! g5]al gov]nm5t2 s9ce1 :5ev] ! ,/ate :i* is invad$1 or 9 :i* an insurrection takes place1 f9ds its safety requires x1 x w make use ( t p[]4 ,& x 0 urg$1 t if we gave ?is p[] to ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 x w\ld be an eng9e ( oppression 9 its h&s2 s9ce :5ev] a ,/ate %\ld oppose its views1 h[ev] arbitr>y & uncon/itutional1 & refuse submission to !m1 ! g5]al gov]nm5t may decl>e x to be an act ( rebellion1 &1 susp5d+ ! habeas corpus act1 may seize ^u ! p]sons ( ^? advocates ( fre$om1 :o h _h virtue & resolution en\gh to excite ! opposition1 & may imprison !m dur+ its pleasure 9 ! remote/ "p ( ! ,union2 s t a citiz5 ( ,georgia might be ba/il$ 9 ! fur!/ "p ( ,new ,hamp%ire2 or a citiz5 ( ,new ,hamp%ire 9 ! fur!/ extreme ( ! ,s\?1 cut (f f _! family1 _! fri5ds1 & _! e connexion4 ,^! consid]ations induc$ me1 sir1 to give my negative also to ?is clause4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,debates ,,9 ,,! ,,sev]al ,,/ate ,,conv5tions ,,on ,,! ,,adoption ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates' ,,con/itution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,massa*usetts ,,conv5tion4 ,! ?ird p>agraph ( ! #b;d section be+ read1 ,mr4 ,,k+ rose to expla9 x4 ,!re has1 says he1 be5 mu* misconception ( ?is section4 ,x is a pr9ciple ( ?is ,con/itution1 t repres5tation & taxation %\ld g h& 9 h&4 ,?is p>agraph /ates1 t ! numb] ( free p]sons %all be det]m9$1 by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,^! p]sons are ! slaves4 ,by ?is rule is repres5tation & taxation to be apportion$4 ,& x 0 adopt$1 because x 0 ! language ( all ,am]ica4 ,mr4 ,,widg]y ask$1 if a boy ( six ye>s ( age 0 to be consid]$ z a free p]son8 ,mr4 ,,k+ 9 answ] said1 all p]sons born free 7 to be consid]$ z freem52 & to make ! idea ( taxation by numb]s m intelligible1 said t five negro *ildr5 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 are to pay z mu* tax z ! ?ree ,gov]nors ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,connecticut4 ,mr4 ,,gorham ?\ght ! propos$ section mu* 9 favor ( ,massa*usetts2 & if x op]at$ aga9/ any ,/ate1 x 0 ,p5nsylvania1 because !y h m :ite p]sons b\nd ?an any o!r4 ,judge ,,dana1 9 reply to ! rem>k ( "s g5tlem51 t ! s\!rn ,/ates 7 favor$ 9 ?is mode ( apportionm5t1 by hav+ five ( _! negroes set aga9/ ?ree p]sons 9 ! ea/]n1 ! honorable judge obs]v$1 t ! negroes ( ! s\!rn ,/ates "w no long] ?an :5 ! eye ( ! driv] is on !m4 ,c1 ask$ he1 t l& fl\ri% l ?is1 :i* is cultivat$ by ! h&s ( freem58 ,are n ?ree ( ^! indep5d5t freem5 ( m real advantage to a ,/ate1 ?an five ( ^? poor slaves8 ,mr4 ,,nasson rem>k$ on ! /atem5t ( ! honorable ,mr4 ,,k+1 by say+ t ! honorable g5tleman %\ld h gone fur!r1 & %[n u ! o!r side ( ! "q4 ,x is a good rule t works bo? ways--& ! g5tleman %\ld also h told u1 t ?ree ( our infants 9 ! cradle1 are to be rat$ z high z five ( ! work+ negroes ( ,virg9ia4 ,mr4 ,n4 adv]t$ to a /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,,k+1 :o _h said1 t five negro *ildr5 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a 7 equally rateable z ?ree gov]nors ( ,new ,engl&1 & wi%$1 he said1 ! honorable g5tleman _h consid]$ ?is "q ^u ! o!r side--z x w\ld !n appe> t ?is ,/ate w pay z great a tax = ?ree *ildr5 9 ! cradle1 z any ( ! s\!rn ,/ates w = five he>ty work+ negro m54 ,he hop$1 he said1 :ile we 7 mak+ a new gov]nm5t1 we %\ld make x bett] ?an ! old "o3 = if we _h made a bad b>ga9 be=e1 z _h be5 h9t$1 x 0 a reason :y we %\ld make a bett] "o n[4 ,mr4 ,,dawes said1 he 0 sorry to he> s _m objections rais$ aga9/ ! p>agraph "u consid]ation4 ,he ?\gh !m :olly unf\nd$2 t ! black inhabitants ( ! s\!rn ,/ates mu/ be consid]$ ei!r z slaves1 & z s mu* prop]ty1 or 9 ! "* ( s _m freem52 if ! =m]1 :y %\ld !y n be :olly repres5t$8 ,our own ,/ate laws & ,con/itution w\ld lead u to consid] ^? blacks z freem51 & s inde$ w\ld our own ideas ( natural ju/ice3 if1 !n1 !y are freem51 !y might =m an equal basis = repres5tation z ?\gh !y 7 all :ite inhabitants4 ,9 ei!r view1 !re=e1 he c\ld n see t ! nor!rn ,/ates w\ld suff]1 b directly to ! contr>y4 ,he ?\ght1 h[ev]1 t g5tlem5 w\ld d well to connect ! passage 9 dispute ) ano!r article 9 ! ,con/itution1 t p]mits ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahjh1 :olly to prohibit ! importation ( slaves1 & 9 ! mean "t to impose a duty ( t5 doll>s a head on su* blacks z %\ld be import$ be=e t p]iod4 ,besides1 by ! new ,con/itution1 e p>ticul> ,/ate is left to its own option totally to prohibit ! introduction ( slaves into its own t]ritories4 ,:at c\ld ! conv5tion d m8 ,! memb]s ( ! s\!rn ,/ates1 l ourselves1 h _! prejudices4 ,x w\ld n d to aboli% slav]y1 by an act ( ,congress1 9 a mom5t1 & s de/roy :at our s\!rn bre?r5 consid] z prop]ty4 ,b we may say1 t al?\gh slav]y is n smitt5 by an apoplexy1 yet x has receiv$ a mortal w\nd & w die ( a consumption4 ,mr4 ,,neal 7f ,kitt]y17 w5t ov] ! gr\nd ( objection to ?is section on ! idea t ! slave trade 0 all[$ to be cont9u$ = #bj ye>s4 ,8 pr(ession1 he said1 oblig$ him to be> witness aga9/ any ?+ t %\ld favor ! mak+ m]*&ise ( ! bodies ( m51 & unless 8 objection 0 remov$1 he c\ld n put 8 h& to ! ,con/itution4 ,o!r g5tlem5 said1 9 addition to ?is idea1 t !re 0 n ev5 a proposition t ! negroes ev] %all be free1 & ,g54 ,,?ompson exclaim$3 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 %all x be said1 t aft] we h e/abli%$ our own indep5d5ce & fre$om1 we make slaves ( o!rs8 ,oh6 ,wa%+ton1 :at a "n has he _h6 ,h[ he has immortaliz$ himself6 b he holds ^? 9 slav]y :o h a good "r to be free z he has--he is /ill = self2 &1 9 my op9ion1 8 "* has sunk #ej p] c5t4 ,on ! o!r side1 g5tlem5 said1 t ! /ep tak5 9 ?is article t[>ds ! abolition ( slav]y1 0 "o ( ! beauties ( ! ,con/itution4 ,!y obs]v$1 t 9 ! conf$]ation !re 0 no provision :atev] = its ev] be+ aboli%$2 b ?is ,con/itution provides1 t ,congress may1 aft] #bj ye>s1 totally annihilate ! slave trade2 & t1 z all ! ,/ates1 except two1 h pass$ laws to ?is effect1 x might reasonably be expect$1 t x w\ld !n be done4 ,9 ! int]im1 all ! ,/ates 7 at lib]ty to prohibit x4 ,,saturday1 ,janu>y #bf4--,! debate on ! #i? section /ill cont9u$ desultory--& consi/$ ( simil> objections1 & answ]s !reto1 z _h be=e be5 us$4 ,bo? sides deprecat$ ! slave trade 9 ! mo/ po9t$ t]ms2 on "o side x 0 pa!tically lam5t$1 by ,mr4 ,,nason1 ,major ,,lusk1 ,mr4 ,,neal1 & o!rs1 t ?is ,con/itution provid$ = ! cont9uation ( ! slave trade = #bj ye>s4 ,on ! o!r1 ! honorable ,judge ,,dana1 ,mr4 ,,adams & o!rs1 rejoic$ t a door 0 n[ to be op5$ = ! annihilation ( ?is odi\s1 abhorr5t practice1 9 a c]ta9 "t4 ,g54 ,,hea?4 ,mr4 ,presid5t1--,by my indisposition & abs5ce1 ,i h lo/ sev]al important opportunities3 ,i h lo/ ! opportunity ( express+ my s5tim5ts ) a c&id fre$om1 on "s ( ! p>agraphs ( ! sy/em1 :i* h la9 heavy on my m9d4 ,i h lo/ ! opportunity ( express+ my w>m approbation on "s ( ! p>agraphs4 ,i h lo/ ! opportunity ( he>+ ^? judici\s1 enlight5+ & conv9c+ argum5ts1 :i* h be5 advanc$ dur+ ! inve/igation ( ! sy/em4 ,?is is my mis=tune1 & ,i mu/ be> x4 ,! p>agraph respect+ ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 c41 is "o ( ^? consid]$ dur+ my abs5ce1 & ,i h he>d no?+ on ! subject1 save :at has be5 m5tion$ ?is morn+2 b ,i ?9k ! g5tlem5 :o h spok51 h c>ri$ ! matt] r too f> on bo? sides4 ,i appreh5d t x is n 9 our p[] to d any ?+ = or aga9/ ^? :o are 9 slav]y 9 ! s\!rn ,/ates4 ,no g5tleman )9 ^! walls dete/s e idea ( slav]y m ?an ,i d3 x is g5]ally dete/$ by ! p ( ?is ,commonweal?2 & ,i ard5tly hope t ! "t w soon come1 :5 our bre?r5 9 ! s\!rn ,/ates w view x z we d1 & put a /op to x2 b to ?is we h no "r to compel !m4 ,two que/ions naturally arise3 if we ratify ! ,con/itution1 %all we d any ?+ by our act to hold ! blacks 9 slav]y--or %all we become ! p>tak]s ( o!r m5's s9s8 ,i ?9k nei!r ( !m4 ,ea* ,/ate is sov]eign & indep5d5t to a c]ta9 degree1 & !y h a "r1 & w regulate _! own int]nal affairs1 z to !mselves appe>s prop]2 & %all we refuse to eat1 or to dr9k1 or to be unit$1 ) ^? :o d n ?9k1 or act1 j z we d8 surely n4 ,we are n 9 ?is case p>tak]s ( o!r m5's s9s1 = 9 no?+ d we volunt>ily enc\rage ! slav]y ( our fell[-m52 a re/riction is laid on ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 :i* c\ld n be avoid$1 & a union take place4 ,! ,f$]al ,conv5tion w5t z f> z !y c\ld2 ! migration or importation1 c41 is conf9$ to ! ,/ates1 n[ exi/+ only1 new ,/ates _c claim x4 ,congress1 by _! ord9ance = erect+ new ,/ates1 "s "t s9ce1 decl>$ t ! new ,/ates %all be republican1 & t !re %all be no slav]y 9 !m4 ,b :e!r ^? 9 slav]y 9 ! s\!rn ,/ates w be emancipat$ aft] ! ye> #ahjh1 ,i d n pret5d to det]m9e3 ,i r d\bt x4 ,mr4 ,,neal rose & said1 t z ! ,con/itution at l>ge1 0 n[ "u consid]ation1 he w\ld j rem>k1 t ! article :i* respect$ ! ,africans1 0 ! "o :i* laid on 8 m9d--&1 unless 8 objections to t 7 remov$1 x mu/1 h[ mu* soev] he lik$ ! o!r p>ts ( ! ,con/itution1 be a suffici5t reason = him to give 8 negative to x4 ,major ,,lusk concurr$ 9 ! idea already ?r[n out 9 ! debate1 t al?\gh ! ins]tion ( ! am5dm5ts 9 ! ,con/itution 0 dev\tly wi%$1 yet he did n see any reason to suppose !y ev] w\ld be adopt$4 ,turn+ f ! subject ( am5dm5ts1 ! ,major ent]$ l>gely into ! consid]ation ( ! #i? section1 & 9 ! mo/ pa!tic & feel+ mann]1 describ$ ! mis]ies ( ! poor natives ( ,africa1 :o are kidnapp$ & sold = slaves4 ,) ! brighte/ colors he pa9t$ _! happ9ess & ease on _! native %ores1 & contra/$ !m ) _! wret*$1 mis]able & unhappy condition1 9 a /ate ( slav]y4 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,,backus4 ,mu*1 sir1 ha? be5 said ab\t ! importation ( slaves into ?is c\ntry4 ,i believe t1 accord+ to my capacity1 no man abhors t wick$ practice m ?an ,i d1 & w\ld gladly make use ( all lawful means t[>ds ! aboli%+ ( slav]y 9 all p>ts ( ! l&4 ,b let u consid] :]e we are1 & :at we are do+4 ,9 ! articles ( conf$]ation1 no provision 0 made to h9d] ! importation ( slaves into any ( ^! ,/ates3 b a door is n[ op5$ h]eaft] to d x2 & ea* ,/ate is at lib]ty n[ to aboli% slav]y z soon z !y please4 ,& let u rememb] our =m] connexion ) ,great ,brita91 f :om _m 9 our l& ?9k we ought n to h revolt$4 ,h[ did !y c>ry on ! slave trade6 ,i "k t ! ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/]1 9 an annual s]mon 9 ,london1 9 ,febru>y1 #agff1 endeavor$ to ju/ify _! tyrannical claims ( p[] ov] u1 by ca/+ ! reproa* ( ! slave trade ^u ! ,am]icans4 ,b at ! close ( ! w>1 ! ,bi%op ( ,*e/]1 9 an annual s]mon1 9 ,febru>y1 #aghc1 +5u\sly own$1 t _! nation is ! mo/ deeply involv$ 9 ! guilt ( t trade1 ( any nation 9 ! _w2 & also1 t !y h treat$ _! slaves 9 ! ,we/ ,indies worse ?an ! ,fr5* or ,spani>ds h done !irs4 ,?us slav]y gr[s m & m odi\s ?r\gh ! _w2 &1 z an honorable g5tleman said "s days ago1 ,?\gh we _c say t slav]y is /ruck ) an apoplexy1 yet we may hope x w die ) a consumption4 ,& a ma9 s\rce1 sir1 ( t iniquity1 ha? be5 an abuse ( ! cov5ant ( circumcision1 :i* gave ! se$ ( ,abraham to de/roy ! inhabitants ( ,canaan1 & to take _! h\ses1 v9ey>ds1 & all _! e/ates1 z _! own2 & also to buy & hold o!rs z s]vants4 ,& z ,*ri/ian privileges are great] ?an ^? ( ! ,hebrews 71 _m h imag9$ t !y _h a "r to seize ^u ! l&s ( ! hea!n1 & to de/roy or enslave !m z f> z !y c\ld ext5d _! p[]4 ,& f !nce ! my/]y ( iniquity1 c>ri$ _m into ! practice ( mak+ m]*&ise ( slaves & s\ls ( m54 ,b all ought to rememb]1 t :5 ,god promis$ ! l& ( ,canaan to ,abraham & 8 se$1 he let him "k t !y 7 n to take possession ( t l&1 until ! iniquity ( ! ,amorites 0 full2 & !n !y did x "u ! imm$iate direction ( ,heav52 & !y 7 z real executors ( ! judgm5t ( ,god ^u ^? hea!ns1 z any p]son ev] 0 an executor ( a crim9al ju/ly condemn$4 ,& 9 do+ x !y 7 n all[$ to invade ! l&s ( ! ,edomites1 :o sprang f ,esau1 :o 0 n only ( ! se$ ( ,abraham1 b 0 born at ! same bir? ) ,israel2 & yet !y 7 n ( t *ur*4 ,nei!r 7 ,israel all[$ to invade ! l&s ( ! ,moabites1 or ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon1 :o 7 ( ! se$ ( ,lot4 ,& no (fic] 9 ,israel _h any legislative p[]1 b su* z 7 imm$iately inspir$4 ,ev5 ,david1 ! man aft] ,god's own he>t1 _h no legislative p[]1 b only z he 0 inspir$ f above3 & he is expressly call$ a prophet 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ,& we are to rememb] t ,abraham & 8 se$1 = f\r hundr$ ye>s1 _h no w>rant to admit any /rang]s into t *ur*1 b by buy+ ( him z a s]vant1 ) money4 ,& x 0 a great privilege to be b\ght1 & adopt$ into a religi\s family = sev5 ye>s1 & !n to h _! fre$om4 ,& t cov5ant 0 expressly repeal$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! fir/ epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 :]e9 x is said--,ye are b\ght ) a price2 !re=e glorify ,god 9 y\r body1 & 9 y\r _s1 :i* are ,god's4 ,& aga9--,circumcision is no?+1 & uncircumcision is no?+1 b keep+ ( ! comm&m5ts ( ,god4 ,ye are b\ght ) a price2 be n ye ! s]vants ( m54 ,?us ! gospel sets all m5 ^u a level1 v contr>y to ! decl>ation ( an honorable g5tleman 9 ?is h\se1 t ! ,bible 0 contriv$ = ! advantage ( a p>ticul> ord] ( m54 ,,new ,,york ,,conv5tion4 ,mr4 ,m4 ,,smi?4 ,he w\ld n[ proce$ to /ate 8 objections to ! clause j read1 7section #b1 ( article #a1 clause #c74 ,8 objections 7 compris$ "u ?ree heads3 #a/1 ! rule ( apportionm5t is unju/2 #b;d1 !re is no precise numb] fix$ on1 bel[ :i* ! h\se %all n be r$uc$2 #c;d1 x is inadequate4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! rule ( apportionm5t ( ! repres5tatives is to be accord+ to ! :ole numb] ( ! :ite inhabitants1 ) ?ree-fif?s ( all o!rs2 t is1 9 pla9 ,engli%1 ea* ,/ate is to s5d repres5tatives 9 proportion to ! numb] ( freem51 & ?ree-fif?s ( ! slaves x conta9s4 ,he c\ld n see any rule by :i* slaves 7 to be includ$ 9 ! ratio ( repres5tation2--! pr9ciple ( a repres5tation be+ t e free ag5t %\ld be conc]n$ 9 gov]n+ himself1 x 0 absurd to give t p[] to a man :o c\ld n ex]cise x--slaves h no w ( _! own3 ! v op]ation ( x 0 to give c]ta9 privileges to ^? p :o 7 s wick$ z to keep slaves4 ,he knew x w\ld be admitt$1 t ?is rule ( apportionm5t 0 f\nd$ on unju/ pr9ciples1 b t x 0 ! result ( accommodation2 :i*1 he suppos$1 we %\ld be "u ! necessity ( admitt+1 if we meant to be 9 union ) ! s\!rn ,/ates1 ?\gh utt]ly repugnant to 8 feel+s4 ,mr4 ,,hamilton4 ,9 ord] t ! committee may und]/& cle>ly ! pr9ciples on :i* ! ,g5]al ,conv5tion act$1 ,i ?9k x necess>y to expla9 "s prelim9>y circum/ances4 ,sir1 ! natural situation ( ?is c\ntry seems to divide its int]e/s into diff]5t classes4 ,!re are navigat+ & non-navigat+ ,/ates--! ,nor!rn are prop]ly ! navigat+ ,/ates3 ! ,s\!rn appe> to possess nei!r ! means nor ! _s ( navigation4 ,?is diff]5ce ( situation naturally produces a dissimil>ity ( int]e/ & views respect+ =eign comm]ce4 ,x 0 ! int]e/ ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates t !re %\ld be no re/ra9ts on ! navigation1 & t !y %\ld h full p[]1 by a majority on ,congress1 to make comm]cial regulations4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates wi%$ to impose a re/ra9t on ! ,nor!rn1 by requir+ t two-?irds 9 ,congress %\ld be requisite to pass an act 9 regulation ( comm]ce3 !y 7 appreh5sive t ! re/ra9ts ( a navigation law w\ld disc\rage =eign]s1 & by oblig+ !m to employ ! %ipp+ ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates w\ld probably enhance _! freight4 ,?is be+ ! case1 !y insi/$ /r5u\sly on hav+ ?is provision engraft$ 9 ! ,con/itution2 & ! ,nor!rn ,/ates 7 z anxi\s 9 oppos+ x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! small ,/ates see+ !mselves embrac$ by ! conf$]ation ^u equal t]ms1 wi%$ to reta9 ! advantages :i* !y already possess$3 ! l>ge ,/ates1 on ! contr>y1 ?\ght x improp] t ,rhode ,isl& & ,delaw>e %\ld enjoy an equal suffrage ) !mselves3 f ^! s\rces a delicate & difficult conte/ arose4 ,x became necess>y1 !re=e1 to compromise2 or ! ,conv5tion mu/ h dissolv$ )\t effect+ any ?+4 ,w\ld x h be5 wise & prud5t 9 t body1 9 ?is critical situation1 to h des]t$ _! c\ntry8 ,no4 ,e man :o he>s me--e wise man 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld h condemn$ !m4 ,! ,conv5tion 7 oblig$ to appo9t a committee = accommodation4 ,9 ?is committee ! arrangem5t 0 =m$ z x n[ /&s2 & _! report 0 accept$4 ,x 0 a delicate po9t2 & x 0 necess>y t all p>ties %\ld be indulg$4 ,g5tlem5 w see1 t if !re _h n be5 a unanimity1 no?+ c\ld h be5 done3 = ! ,conv5tion _h no p[] to e/abli%1 b only to recomm5d a gov]nm5t4 ,any o!r sy/em w\ld h be5 impracticable4 ,let a ,conv5tion be call$ to-morr[--let !m meet tw5ty times2 nay1 tw5ty ?\s& times2 !y w h ! same difficulties to enc\nt]2 ! same cla%+ int]e/s to reconcile4 ,b dismiss+ ^! reflections1 let u consid] h[ f> ! arrangem5t is 9 itself entitl$ to ! approbation ( ?is body4 ,we w exam9e x ^u its own m]its4 ,! fir/ ?+ object$ to1 is t clause :i* all[s a repres5tation = ?ree-fif?s ( ! negroes4 ,mu* has be5 said ( ! impropriety ( repres5t+ m51 :o h no w ( _! own4 ,:e!r ?is be reason+ or declamation1 ,i w n presume to say4 ,x is ! un=tunate situation ( ! s\!rn ,/ates1 to h a great "p ( _! population1 z well z prop]ty1 9 blacks4 ,! regulations compla9$ ( 0 "o result ( ! _s ( accommodation1 :i* gov]n$ ! ,conv5tion2 & )\t ?is indulg5ce1 no union c\ld possibly h be5 =m$4 ,b1 sir1 consid]+ "s peculi> advantages :i* we d]iv$ f !m1 x is entirely j t !y %\ld be gratifi$4 ,! s\!rn ,/ates possess c]ta9 /aples1 tobacco1 rice1 indigo1 c41 :i* mu/ be capital objects 9 treaties ( comm]ce ) =eign nations2 & ! advantage :i* !y necess>ily procure 9 ^! treaties w be felt ?r\gh\t all ! ,/ates4 ,b ! ju/ice ( ?is plan w appe> 9 ano!r view4 ,! be/ writ]s on gov]nm5t h held t repres5tation %\ld be comp\nd$ ( p]sons & prop]ty4 ,?is rule has be5 adopt$1 z f> z x c\ld be1 9 ! ,con/itution ( ,new ,york4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 by no means1 be admitt$1 t ! slaves are consid]$ altoge!r z prop]ty4 ,!y are m51 ?\gh degrad$ to ! condition ( slav]y4 ,!y are p]sons kn[n to ! municipal laws ( ! ,/ates :i* !y inhabit z well z to ! laws ( nature4 ,b repres5tation & taxation g toge!r--& "o uni=m rule ought to apply to bo?4 ,w\ld x be j to compute ^! slaves 9 ! assessm5t ( taxes1 & disc>d !m f ! e/imate 9 ! apportionm5t ( repres5tatives8 ,w\ld x be j to impose a s+ul> bur!n1 )\t conf]r+ "s adequate advantage8 ,ano!r circum/ance ought to be consid]$4 ,! rule we h be5 speak+ ( is a g5]al rule1 & applies to all ! ,/ates4 ,n[1 y h a great numb] ( p 9 y\r ,/ate1 :i* are n repres5t$ at all2 & h no voice 9 y\r gov]nm5t3 ^! w be includ$ 9 ! enum]ation--n two-fif?s--nor ?ree-fif?s1 b ! :ole4 ,?is proves t ! advantages ( ! plan are n conf9$ to ! s\!rn ,/ates1 b ext5d to o!r p>ts ( ! ,union4 ,mr4 ,m4 ,,smi?4 ,i %all make no reply to ! argum5ts (f]$ by ! honorable g5tleman to ju/ify ! rule ( apportionm5t fix$ by ?is clause3 = ?\gh ,i am confid5t !y might be easily refut$1 yet ,i am p]suad$ we mu/ yield ?is po9t1 9 accommodation to ! s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! am5dm5t !re=e proposes no alt]ation to ! clause 9 ?is respect4 ,mr4 ,,h>rison4 ,among ! objections1 t1 :i* has be5 made to ! mode ( apportionm5t ( repres5tatives1 has be5 rel9qui%$4 ,i ?9k ?is concession does honor to ! g5tleman :o _h /at$ ! objection4 ,he has c&idly ackn[l$g$1 t ?is apportionm5t 0 ! result ( accommodation2 )\t :i* no union c\ld h be5 =m$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,p5nsylvania ,,conv5tion4 ,mr4 ,,wilson4 ,mu* fault has be5 f\nd ) ! mode ( expression1 us$ 9 ! fir/ clause ( ! n9? section ( ! fir/ article4 ,i believe ,i c assign a reason1 :y t mode ( expression 0 us$1 & :y ! t]m slave 0 n admitt$ 9 ?is ,con/itution--& z to ! mann] ( lay+ taxes1 ?is is n ! fir/ "t t ! subject has come into ! view ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ( ! ,legislatures ( ! sev]al ,/ates4 ,! g5tleman1 7,mr4 ,,f9dley7 w recollect1 t 9 ! pres5t ,congress1 ! quota ( ! f$]al debt1 & g5]al exp5ses1 0 to be 9 proportion to ! value ( l&1 & o!r enum]at$ prop]ty1 )9 ! ,/ates4 ,aft] try+ ?is = a numb] ( ye>s1 x 0 f\nd on all h&s1 to be a mode t c\ld n be c>ri$ into execution4 ,congress 7 satisfi$ ( ?is1 & 9 ! ye> #aghc recomm5d$1 9 con=mity ) ! p[]s !y possess$ "u ! articles ( conf$]ation1 t ! quota %\ld be accord+ to ! numb] ( free p1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vitude1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$4 ,^! 7 ! expressions us$ 9 #aghc1 & ! fate ( ?is recomm5dation 0 simil> to all _! o!r resolutions4 ,x 0 n c>ri$ into effect1 b x 0 adopt$ by no few] ?an elev51 out ( ?irte5 ,/ates2 & x _c b be matt] ( surprise1 to he> g5tlem51 :o agre$ to ?is v mode ( expression at t "t1 come =w>d & /ate x z an objection on ! pres5t occasion4 ,x 0 natural1 sir1 = ! late conv5tion1 to adopt ! mode aft] x _h be5 agre$ to by elev5 ,/ates1 & to use ! expression1 :i* !y f\nd _h be5 receiv$ z unexceptionable be=e4 ,) respect to ! clause1 re/rict+ ,congress f prohibit+ ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons1 z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 prior to ! ye> #ahjh4 ,! honorable g5tleman says1 t ?is clause is n only d>k1 b int5d$ to grant to ,congress1 = t "t1 ! p[] to admit ! importation ( slaves4 ,no su* ?+ 0 int5d$2 b ,i w tell y :at 0 done1 & x gives me high pleasure1 t s mu* 0 done4 ,"u ! pres5t ,conf$]ation1 ! ,/ates may admit ! importation ( slaves z long z !y please2 b by ?is article1 aft] ! ye> #ahjh ! ,congress w h p[] to prohibit su* importation1 not)/&+ ! disposition ( any ,/ate to ! contr>y4 ,i consid] ?is z lay+ ! f\ndation = bani%+ slav]y out ( ?is c\ntry2 & ?\gh ! p]iod is m di/ant ?an ,i c\ld wi%1 yet x w produce ! same k9d1 gradual *ange1 :i* 0 pursu$ 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,x is ) mu* satisfaction ,i view ?is p[] 9 ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 :]eby !y may lay an int]diction on ?is reproa*ful trade2 b an imm$iate advantage is also obta9$1 = a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son2 & ?is1 sir1 op]ates z a p>tial prohibition2 x 0 all t c\ld be obta9$1 ,i am sorry x 0 no m2 b f ?is ,i ?9k !re is reason to hope1 t yet a few ye>s1 & x w be prohibit$ altoge!r2 & 9 ! mean "t1 ! new ,/ates :i* are to be =m$1 w be "u ! control ( ,congress 9 ?is p>ticul>2 & slaves w nev] be introduc$ among/ !m4 ,! g5tleman says1 t x is un=tunate 9 ano!r po9t ( view2 x means to prohibit ! introduction ( :ite p f ,europe1 z ?is tax may det] !m f com+ among/ u2 a little imp>tiality & att5tion w discov] ! c>e t ! ,conv5tion took 9 select+ _! language4 ,! words are ! migration or ,,importation ( su* p]sons1 c41 %all n be prohibit$ by ,congress prior to ! ye> #ahjh1 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation2 x is obs]vable "h1 t ! t]m migration is dropp$1 :5 a tax or duty is m5tion$1 s t ,congress h p[] to impose ! tax only on ^? import$4 ,i recollect1 on a =m] day1 ! honorable g5tlem5 f ,we/morel& 7,mr4 ,,f9dley17 & ! honorable g5tleman f ,cumb]l& 7,mr4 ,,:itehill17 took exception aga9/ ! fir/ clause ( ! #i? section1 art4 #a1 argu+ v unfairly1 t because ,congress might impose a tax or duty ( t5 doll>s on ! importation ( slaves1 )9 any ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,congress might !re=e p]mit slaves to be import$ )9 ?is ,/ate1 contr>y to its laws4 ,i confess ,i little ?\ght t ?is "p ( ! sy/em w\ld be except$ to4 ,i am sorry t x c\ld be ext5d$ no fur!r2 b s f> z x op]ates1 x pres5ts u ) ! pleas+ prospect1 t ! rights ( mank9d w be ackn[l$g$ & e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! union4 ,if !re 0 no o!r lovely feature 9 ! ,con/itution b ?is "o1 x w\ld diffuse a beauty ov] its :ole c\nt5ance4 ,yet ! lapse ( a few ye>s6 & ,congress w h p[] to ext]m9ate slav]y f )9 our bord]s4 ,h[ w\ld su* a delightful prospect exp& ! brea/ ( a b5evol5t & philan?ropic ,european8 ,w\ld he cavil at an expression8 cat* at a phrase8 ,no1 sir1 t is only res]v$ = ! g5tleman on ! o!r side ( y\r *air to d4 ,mr4 ,mc,k,e,a,n4 ,! argum5ts aga9/ ! ,con/itution are1 ,i ?9k1 *iefly ^!34444 ,t migration or importation ( su* p]sons1 z any ( ! ,/ates %all admit1 %all n be prohibit$ prior to #ahjh1 nor a tax or duty impos$ on su* importation exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,provision is made t ,congress %all h p[] to prohibit ! importation ( slaves aft] ! ye> #ahjh1 b ! g5tlem5 9 opposition1 accuse ?is sy/em ( a crime1 because x has n prohibit$ !m at once4 ,i suspect ^? g5tlem5 are n well acqua9t$ ) ! bus9ess ( ! diplomatic body1 or !y w\ld "k t an agreem5t might be made1 t did n p]fectly accord ) ! w & pleasure ( any "o p]son4 ,in/ead ( f9d+ fault ) :at has be5 ga9$1 ,i am happy to see a disposition 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to d s mu*4 ,,virg9ia ,,conv5tion4 ,,gov4 ,,r&olph4 ,?is is "o po9t ( weakness ,i wi% = ! honor ( my c\ntrym5 t x 0 ! only "o4 ,!re is ano!r circum/ance :i* r5d]s u m vuln]able4 ,are we n weak5$ by ! population ( ^? :om we hold 9 slav]y8 ,! day may come :5 !y may make impression ^u u4 ,g5tlem5 :o h be5 long accu/om$ to ! contemplation ( ! subject1 ?9k !re is a cause ( al>m 9 ?is case3 ! numb] ( ^? p1 comp>$ to t ( ! :ites1 is 9 an imm5se proportion3 _! numb] am\nts to #bcf1jjj--t ( ! :ites1 only to #ceb1jjj4 99 99 99 99 ,i besee* !m to consid]1 :e!r ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 bo? oppress$ ) debts & slaves1 c def5d !mselves ext]nally1 or make _! p happy int]nally4 ,,george ,,mason4 ,we are told 9 /rong language1 ( dang]s to :i* we w be expos$ unless we adopt ?is ,con/itution4 ,among ! re/1 dome/ic safety is said to be 9 dang]4 ,?is gov]nm5t does n att5d to our dome/ic safety4 ,x au?orizes ! importation ( slaves = tw5ty-odd ye>s1 & ?us cont9ues ^u u t nef>i\s trade4 ,in/ead ( secur+ & protect+ u1 ! cont9uation ( ?is dete/able trade adds daily to our weakness4 ,?\gh ?is evil is increas+1 !re is no clause 9 ! ,con/itution t w prev5t ! ,nor!rn & ,ea/]n ,/ates f m$dl+ ) our :ole prop]ty ( t k9d4 ,!re is a clause to prohibit ! importation ( slaves aft] tw5ty ye>s1 b !re is no provision made = secur+ to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ^? !y n[ possess4 ,x is f> f be+ a desirable prop]ty4 ,b x w involve u 9 great difficulties & infelicity to be n[ depriv$ ( !m4 ,!re ought to be a clause 9 ! ,con/itution to secure u t prop]ty1 :i* we h acquir$ "u our =m] laws1 & ! loss ( :i* w\ld br+ ru9 on a great _m p4 ,,mr4 ,,lee4 ,! honorable g5tleman abom9ates x1 because x does n prohibit ! importation ( slaves1 & because x does n secure ! cont9uance ( ! exi/+ slav]y6 ,is x n obvi\sly inconsi/5t to crim9ate x = two contradictory reasons8 ,i submit x to ! consid]ation ( ! g5tleman1 :e!r1 if x be repreh5sible 9 ! "o case1 x c be c5surable 9 ! o!r8 ,,mr4 ,,lee !n conclud$ by e>ne/ly recomm5d+ to ! committee to proce$ regul>ly4 ,,mr4 ,,h5ry4 ,x says t no /ate %all engage 9 w>1 unless actually invad$4 ,if y give ?is clause a fair con/ruction1 :at is ! true mean+ ( x8 ,:at does ?is relate to8 ,n dome/ic insurrections1 b w>4 ,if ! c\ntry be invad$1 a ,/ate may g to w>2 b _c suppress insurrections4 ,if !re %\ld happ5 an insurrection ( slaves1 ! c\ntry _c be said to be invad$4--,!y _c !re=e suppress x1 )\t ! int]position ( ,congress4 ,,mr4 ,,george ,,ni*olas4 ,ano!r wor?y memb] says1 !re is no p[] 9 ! ,/ates to quell an insurrection ( slaves4 ,h !y x n[8 ,if !y h1 does ! ,con/itution take x away8 ,if x does1 x mu/ be 9 "o ( ! ?ree clauses :i* h be5 m5tion$ by ! wor?y memb]4 ,! fir/ clause gives ! g5]al gov]nm5t p[] to call !m out :5 necess>y4 ,does ?is take x away f ! ,/ates8 ,no4 ,b x gives an additional security3 =1 besides ! p[] 9 ! ,/ate gov]nm5ts to use _! own militia1 x w be ! duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to aid !m ) ! /r5g? ( ! ,union :5 call$ =4 ,no "p ( ?is ,con/itution c %[ t ?is p[] is tak5 away4 ,mr4 ,,george ,,mason4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ?is is a fatal section1 :i* has creat$ m dang]s ?an any o!r4 ,! fir/ clause all[s ! importation ( slaves = tw5ty ye>s4 ,"u ! royal gov]nm5t1 ?is evil 0 look$ ^u z a great oppression1 & _m attempts 7 made to prev5t x2 b ! int]e/ ( ! ,african m]*ants prev5t$ its prohibition4 ,no soon] did ! revolution take place1 ?an x 0 ?\ght (4 ,x 0 "o ( ! great causes ( our sep>ation f ,great ,brita94 ,its exclusion has be5 a pr9cipal object ( ?is ,/ate1 & mo/ ( ! ,/ates 9 ! ,union4 ,! augm5tation ( slaves weak5s ! ,/ates2 & su* a trade is diabolical 9 itself1 & disgraceful to mank9d4 ,yet1 by ?is ,con/itution1 x is cont9u$ = tw5ty ye>s4 ,z mu* z ,i value an union ( all ! ,/ates1 ,i w\ld n admit ! ,s\!rn ,/ates into ! ,union1 unless !y agre$ to ! discont9uance ( ?is disgraceful trade1 because x w\ld br+ weakness & n /r5g? to ! ,union4 ,& ?\gh ?is infam\s traffic be cont9u$1 we h no security = ! prop]ty ( t k9d :i* we h already4 ,!re is no clause 9 ?is ,con/itution to secure x2 = !y may lay su* tax z w am\nt to manumission4 ,& %\ld ! gov]nm5t be am5d$1 /ill ?is dete/able k9d ( comm]ce _c be discont9u$ till aft] ! expiration ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,= ! fif? article1 :i* provides = am5dm5ts1 expressly excepts ?is clause4 ,i h ev] look$ ^u ?is z a mo/ disgraceful ?+ to ,am]ica4 ,i _c express my dete/ation ( x4 ,yet !y h n secur$ u ! prop]ty ( ! slaves we h already4 ,s t1 !y h done :at !y ought n to h done1 & h left undone :at !y ought to h done ,mr4 ,,madison4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i %\ld conceive ?is clause to be impolitic1 if x 7 "o ( ^? ?+s :i* c\ld be exclud$ )\t enc\nt]+ great] evils4 ,! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld n h ent]$ into ! union ( ,am]ica1 )\t ! tempor>y p]mission ( t trade4 ,& if !y 7 exclud$ f ! union1 ! consequ5ces might be dreadful to !m & to u4 ,we are n 9 a worse situation ?an be=e4 ,t traffic is prohibit$ by our laws1 & we may cont9ue ! prohibition4 ,! union 9 g5]al is n 9 a worse situation4 ,"u ! articles ( conf$]ation1 x might be cont9u$ =ev]3 b by ?is clause an end may be put to x aft] tw5ty ye>s4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 an amelioration ( our circum/ances4 ,a tax may be laid 9 ! mean "t2 b x is limit$1 o!rwise ,congress might lay su* a tax z w\ld am\nt to a prohibition4 ,f ! mode ( repres5tation & taxation1 ,congress _c lay su* a tax on slaves z w am\nt to manumission4 ,ano!r clause secures u t prop]ty :i* we n[ possess4 ,at pres5t1 if any slave elopes to any ( ^? ,/ates :]e slaves are free1 he becomes emancipat$ by _! laws4 ,= ! laws ( ! ,/ates are un*>itable to "o ano!r 9 ?is respect4 ,b 9 ?is ,con/itution1 no p]son held to s]vice1 or labor1 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,?is clause 0 expressly ins]t$ to enable own]s ( slaves to reclaim !m4 ,?is is a bett] security ?an any t n[ exi/4 ,no p[] is giv5 to ! g5]al gov]nm5t to int]pose ) respect to ! prop]ty 9 slaves n[ held by ! ,/ates4 ,! taxation ( ?is ,/ate be+ equal only to its repres5tation1 su* a tax _c be laid z he supposes4 ,!y _c prev5t ! importation ( slaves = tw5ty ye>s3 b aft] t p]iod1 !y c4 ,! g5tlem5 f ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia argu$ 9 ?is mann]3 ,we h n[ lib]ty to import ?is species ( prop]ty1 & mu* ( ! prop]ty n[ possess$1 has be5 pur*as$1 or o!rwise acquir$1 9 contemplation ( improv+ x by ! assi/ance ( import$ slaves4 ,:at w\ld be ! consequ5ce ( h9d]+ u f x8 ,! slaves ( ,virg9ia w\ld rise 9 value1 & we w\ld be oblig$ to g to y\r m>kets4 ,i ne$ n expatiate on ?is subject4 ,great z ! evil is1 a dismemb]m5t ( ! union w\ld be worse4 ,if ^? ,/ates %\ld disunite f ! o!r ,/ates1 = n includ+ !m 9 ! tempor>y cont9uance ( ?is traffic1 !y might solicit & obta9 aid f =eign p[]s4 ,mr4 ,,tyl] w>mly enl>g$ on ! impolicy1 iniquity1 & disgracefulness ( ?is wick$ traffic4 ,he ?\ght ! reasons urg$ by g5tlem5 9 def5ce ( x 7 inconclusive1 & ill f\nd$4 ,x 0 "o cause ( ! compla9ts aga9/ ,briti% tyranny1 t ?is trade 0 p]mitt$4 ,! ,revolution _h put a p]iod to x2 b n[ x 0 to be reviv$4 ,he ?\ght no?+ c\ld ju/ify x4 ,?is tempor>y re/riction on ,congress militat$1 9 8 op9ion1 aga9/ ! argum5ts ( g5tlem5 on ! o!r side1 t :at 0 n giv5 up1 0 reta9$ by ! ,/ates2 = t if ?is re/riction _h n be5 ins]t$1 ,congress c\ld h prohibit$ ! ,african trade4 ,! p[] ( prohibit+ x 0 n expressly delegat$ to !m2 yet !y w\ld h _h x by implication1 if ?is re/ra9t _h n be5 provid$4 ,?is seem$ to him to demon/rate mo/ cle>ly ! necessity ( re/ra9+ !m by a bill ( rights1 f infr++ our unali5able rights4 ,x 0 immat]ial :e!r ! bill ( rights 0 by itself1 or includ$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,b he cont5d$ = x "o way or ! o!r4 ,x w\ld be ju/ifi$ by our own example1 & t ( ,engl&4 ,8 e>ne/ desire 01 t x %\ld be h&$ d[n to po/]ity1 t he _h oppos$ ?is wick$ clause4 ,mr4 ,,madison4 ,z to ! re/riction 9 ! clause "u consid]ation1 x 0 a re/ra9t on ! ex]cise ( a p[] expressly delegat$ to ,congress1 namely1 t ( regulat+ comm]ce ) =eign nations4 ,mr4 ,,h5ry insi/$1 t ! ins]tion ( ^! re/rictions on ,congress1 0 a pla9 demon/ration t ,congress c\ld ex]cise p[]s by implication4 ,! g5tleman _h admitt$ t ,congress c\ld h int]dict$ ! ,african trade1 7 x n = ?is re/riction4 ,if s1 ! p[] n hav+ be5 expressly delegat$1 mu/ be obta9$ by implication4 ,he dem&$ :]e1 !n1 0 _! doctr9e ( res]v$ rights8 ,he wi%$ = negative clauses to prev5t !m f assum+ any p[]s b ^? expressly giv54 ,he ask$ :y x 0 moit$ to secure u t prop]ty 9 slaves1 :i* we held n[8 ,he fe>$ its omission 0 done ) design4 ,!y might lay su* heavy taxes on slaves1 z w\ld am\nt to emancipation2 & !n ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld be ! only suff]]s4 ,8 op9ion 0 confirm$ by ! mode ( levy+ money4 ,congress1 he obs]v$1 _h p[] to lay & collect taxes1 impo/s1 & excises4 ,impo/s 7or duties7 & excises1 7 to be uni=m4 ,b ?is uni=mity did n ext5d to taxes4 ,?is might compel ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to lib]ate _! negroes4 ,he wi%$ ?is prop]ty !re=e to be gu>d$4 ,he consid]$ ! clause :i* _h be5 adduc$ by ! g5tleman z a security = ?is prop]ty1 z no security at all4 ,x 0 no m ?an ?is--t a runaway negro c\ld be tak5 up 9 ,m>yl& or ,new ,york4 ,?is c\ld n prev5t ,congress f int]f]+ ) t prop]ty by lay+ a griev\s & enorm\s tax on x1 s z to compel own]s to emancipate _! slaves r ?an pay ! tax4 ,he appreh5d$ x w\ld be productive ( mu* /ockjobb+1 & t !y w\ld play into "o ano!r's h&s 9 su* a mann] z t ?is prop]ty w\ld be lo/ to ! c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,,george ,,ni*olas wond]$ t g5tlem5 :o 7 aga9/ slav]y w\ld be oppos$ to ?is clause2 z aft] t p]iod ! slave trade w\ld be done away4 ,he ask$ if g5tlem5 did n see ! inconsi/5cy ( _! argum5ts8 ,!y object1 says he1 to ! ,con/itution1 because ! slave trade is laid op5 = tw5ty-odd ye>s2 & yet tell y1 t by "s lat5t op]ation ( x1 ! slaves :o are n[1 w be manumitt$4 ,at t same mom5t1 x is oppos$ = be+ promotive & de/ructive ( slav]y4 ,he cont5d$ t x 0 advantage\s to ,virg9ia1 t x %\ld be 9 ! p[] ( ,congress to prev5t ! importation ( slaves aft] tw5ty ye>s1 z x w\ld !n put a p]iod to ! evil compla9$ (4 ,z ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld n conf$]ate )\t ?is clause1 he ask$1 if g5tlem5 w\ld r dissolve ! conf$]acy ?an to suff] ?is tempor>y inconv5i5ce1 admitt+ to x to be su*8 ,virg9ia might cont9ue ! prohibition ( su* importation dur+ ! int]m$iate p]iod1 & w\ld be b5efitt$ by x1 z a tax ( t5 doll>s on ea* slave might be laid1 ( :i* %e w\ld receive a %>e4 ,he endeavor$ to obviate ! objection ( g5tlem51 t ! re/riction on ,congress 0 a pro( t !y w\ld h p[] n giv5 !m1 by rem>k+1 t !y w\ld only h _h a g5]al sup]9t5d5cy ( trade1 if ! re/riction _h n be5 ins]t$4 ,b ! ,s\!rn ,/ates insi/$ on ?is exception to t g5]al sup]9t5d5cy = tw5ty ye>s4 ,x c\ld n !re=e h be5 a p[] by implication1 z ! re/riction 0 an exception f a delegat$ p[]4 ,! taxes c\ld n1 z _h be5 sugge/$1 be laid s high on negroes z to am\nt to emancipation2 because taxation & repres5tation 7 fix$ accord+ to ! c5sus e/abli%$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,! exception ( taxes1 f ! uni=mity annex$ to duties & excises1 c\ld n h ! op]ation cont5d$ = by ! g5tleman2 because o!r clauses _h cle>ly & positively fix$ ! c5sus4 ,_h taxes be5 uni=m1 x w\ld h be5 univ]sally object$ to1 = no "o object c\ld be select$ )\t involv+ great inconv5i5ces & oppressions4 ,b1 says ,mr4 ,ni*olas1 is x f ! g5]al gov]nm5t we are to fe> emancipation8 ,g5tlem5 w recollect :at ,i said 9 ano!r h\se1 & :at o!r g5tlem5 h said t advocat$ emancipation4 ,give me leave to say1 t t clause is a great security = our slave tax4 ,i c tell ! committee1 t ! p ( our c\ntry are r$uc$ to begg>y by ! taxes on negroes4 ,_h ?is ,con/itution be5 adopt$1 x w\ld n h be5 ! case4 ,! taxes 7 laid on all our negroes4 ,by ?is sy/em two-fif?s are exempt$4 ,he !n add$1 t he _h imag9$ g5tlem5 w\ld n support "h :at !y _h oppos$ 9 ano!r place4 ,mr4 ,,h5ry repli$1 t ?\gh ! proportion ( ea* 0 to be fix$ by ! c5sus1 & ?ree-fif?s ( ! slaves only 7 includ$ 9 ! enum]ation1 yet ! proportion ( ,virg9ia be+ once fix$1 might be laid on blacks & blacks only4 ,= ! mode ( rais+ ! proportion ( ea* ,/ate be+ to be direct$ by ,congress1 !y might make slaves ! sole object to raise x4 ,p]sonalities he wi%$ to take leave (2 !y _h no?+ to d ) ! "q1 :i* 0 solely :e!r t pap] 0 wrong or n4 ,mr4 ,,ni*olas repli$1 t negroes mu/ be consid]$ z p]sons1 or prop]ty4 ,if z prop]ty1 ! proportion ( taxes to be laid on !m 0 fix$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,if he appreh5d$ a poll tax on negroes1 ! ,con/itution _h prev5t$ x4 ,=1 by ! c5sus1 :]e a :ite man paid t5 %ill+s1 a negro paid b six %ill+s4 ,= ! exemption ( two-fif?s ( !m r$uc$ x to t proportion4 ,! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? clauses1 7 !n read z foll[s3 ,! privilege ( ! writ ( habeas corpus %all n be susp5d$1 unless :5 9 cases ( rebellion or invasion ! public safety may require x4 ,no bill ( atta9d] or ex po/ facto law %all be pass$4 ,no capitation or o!r direct tax %all be paid1 unless 9 proportion to ! c5sus or enum]ation h]e9 be=e direct$ to be tak54 ,mr4 ,,george ,,mason said1 t g5tlem5 might ?9k !mselves secur$ by ! re/riction 9 ! f\r? clause1 t no capitation or o!r direct tax %\ld be laid b 9 proportion to ! c5sus be=e direct$ to be tak54 ,b t :5 maturely consid]$ x w\ld be f\nd to be no security :atsoev]4 ,x 0 no?+ b a direct ass]tion1 or m]e confirmation ( ! clause :i* fix$ ! ratio ( taxes & repres5tation4 ,x only meant t ! quantum to be rais$ ( ea* ,/ate %\ld be 9 proportion to _! numb]s 9 ! mann] !re9 direct$4 ,b ! g5]al gov]nm5t 0 n preclud$ f lay+ ! proportion ( any p>ticul> ,/ate on any "o species ( prop]ty !y might ?9k prop]4 ,= in/ance1 if five hundr$ ?\s& doll>s 7 to be rais$1 !y might lay ! :ole ( ! proportion ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates on ! blacks1 or any "o species ( prop]ty3 s t by lay+ taxes too heavily on slaves1 !y might totally annihilate t k9d ( prop]ty4 ,no real security c\ld arise f ! clause :i* provides1 t p]sons held to labor 9 "o ,/ate1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all be deliv]$ up4 ,?is only meant1 t runaway slaves %\ld n be protect$ 9 o!r ,/ates4 ,z to ! exclusion ( ex po/ facto laws1 x c\ld n be said to create any security 9 ?is case4 ,= lay+ a tax on slaves w\ld n be ex po/ facto4 ,mr4 ,,madison repli$1 t ev5 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 :o 7 mo/ affect$1 7 p]fectly satisfi$ ) ?is provision1 & dread$ no dang] to ! prop]ty !y n[ hold4 ,x appe>$ to him1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t w\ld n int]m$dle ) t prop]ty = tw5ty ye>s1 b to lay a tax on e slave import$1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s2 & t aft] ! expiration ( t p]iod !y might prohibit ! traffic altoge!r4 ,! c5sus 9 ! ,con/itution 0 int5d$ to introduce equality 9 ! burd5s to be laid on ! community4 ,no g5tleman object$ to lay+ duties1 impo/s1 & excises1 uni=mly4 ,b uni=mity ( taxes w\ld be subv]sive to ! pr9ciples ( equality3 = t x 0 n possible to select any article :i* w\ld be easy = "o ,/ate1 b :at w\ld be heavy = ano!r4 ,t ! proportion ( ea* ,/ate be+ asc]ta9$1 x w\ld be rais$ by ! g5]al gov]nm5t 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann] = ! p1 & n by ! selection ( any "o p>ticul> object4 ,t !re mu/ be "s degree ( confid5ce put 9 ag5ts1 or else we mu/ reject a /ate ( civil society altoge!r4 ,ano!r great security to ?is prop]ty1 :i* he m5tion$1 01 t five ,/ates 7 greatly int]e/$ 9 t species ( prop]ty1 & !re 7 o!r ,/ates :i* _h "s slaves1 & _h made no attempt1 or tak5 any /ep to take !m f ! p4 ,!re 7 a few slaves 9 ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey & ,connecticut3 ^! ,/ates w\ld1 probably1 oppose any attempts to annihilate ?is species ( prop]ty4 ,he conclud$1 by obs]v+1 t he w\ld be glad to leave ! decision ( ?is to ! committee4 ,! second section 0 !n read z foll[s3 99 99 99 ,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re9 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice4 ,mr4 ,,george ,,mason4--,mr4 ,*airman1 on "s =m] "p ( ! inve/igation ( ?is subject1 g5tlem5 7 pleas$ to make "s obs]vations on ! security ( prop]ty com+ )9 ?is section4 ,x 0 !n said1 & ,i n[ say1 t !re is no security1 nor h g5tlem5 conv9c$ me ( ?is4 ,mr4 ,,h5ry4 ,among t5 ?\s& impli$ p[]s :i* !y may assume1 !y may1 if we be engag$ 9 w>1 lib]ate e "o ( y\r slaves if !y please4 ,& ?is mu/ & w be done by m51 a majority ( :om h n a common int]e/ ) y4 ,!y w1 !re=e1 h no feel+ = y\r int]e/s4 ,x has be5 repeat$ly said "h1 t ! great object ( a national gov]nm5t1 0 national def5ce4 ,t p[] :i* is said to be int5d$ = security & safety1 may be r5d]$ dete/able & oppressive4 ,if y give p[] to ! g5]al gov]nm5t to provide = ! g5]al def5ce1 ! means mu/ be comm5surate to ! end4 ,all ! means 9 ! possession ( ! p mu/ be giv5 to ! gov]nm5t :i* is entru/$ ) ! public def5ce4 ,9 ?is ,/ate !re are #bcf1jjj blacks1 & !re are _m 9 sev]al o!r ,/ates4 ,b !re are few or none 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 & yet if ! ,nor!rn ,/ates %all be ( op9ion1 t our numb]s are numb]less1 !y may call =? e national res\rce4 ,may ,congress n say1 t e black man mu/ fight8 ,did we n see a little ( ?is la/ w>8 ,we 7 n s h>d pu%$1 z to make emancipation g5]al4 ,b acts ( assembly pass$1 t e slave :o w\ld g to ! army %\ld be free4 ,ano!r ?+ w contribute to br+ ?is ev5t ab\t--slav]y is dete/$--we feel its fatal effects--we deplore x ) all ! pity ( humanity4 ,let all ^! consid]ations1 at "s future p]iod1 press ) full =ce on ! m9ds ( ,congress4 ,let t urbanity1 :i* ,i tru/ w di/+ui% ,am]ica1 & ! necessity ( national def5ce1 let all ^! ?+s op]ate on _! m9ds1 !y w se>* t pap]1 & see if !y h p[] ( manumission4 ,& h !y n1 sir8 ,h !y n p[] to provide = ! g5]al def5ce & welf>e8 ,may !y n ?9k t ^! call = ! abolition ( slav]y8 ,may n !y pron\nce all slaves free1 & w !y n be w>rant$ by t p[]8 ,!re is no ambigu\s implication or logical d$uction4 ,! pap] speaks to ! po9t4 ,!y h ! p[] 9 cle>1 unequivocal t]ms2 & w cle>ly & c]ta9ly ex]cise x4 ,z mu* z ,i deplore slav]y1 ,i see t prud5ce =bids its abolition4 ,i d5y t ! g5]al gov]nm5t ought to set !m free1 because a decid$ majority ( ! ,/ates h n ! ties ( sympa?y & fell[-feel+ = ^? ^: int]e/ w\ld be affect$ by _! emancipation4 ,! majority ( ,congress is to ! ,nor?1 & ! slaves are to ! ,s\?4 ,9 ?is situation1 ,i see a great deal ( ! prop]ty ( ! p ( ,virg9ia 9 jeop>dy1 & _! peace & tranquillity gone away4 ,i repeat x aga91 t x w\ld rejoice my v s\l1 t e "o ( my fell[-be+s 0 emancipat$4 ,z we ought ) gratitude to admire to admire t decree ( ,heav51 :i* has numb]$ u among ! free1 we ought to lam5t & deplore ! necessity ( hold+ our fell[-m5 9 bondage4 ,b is x practicable by any human means1 to lib]ate !m1 )\t produc+ ! mo/ dreadful & ru9\s consequ5ces8 ,we ought to possess !m 9 ! mann] we h inh]it$ !m f our ance/ors1 z _! manumission is incompatible ) ! felicity ( ! c\ntry4 ,b we ought to s(t51 z mu* z possible1 ! rigor ( _! unhappy fate4 ,i "k t 9 a v>iety ( p>ticul> in/ances1 ! legislature1 li/5+ to compla9ts1 h admitt$ _! emancipation4 ,let me n dwell on ?is subject4 ,i w only add1 t ?is1 z well z e o!r prop]ty ( ! p ( ,virg9ia1 is 9 jeop>dy1 & put 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o h no simil>ity ( situation ) u4 ,?is is a local matt]1 & ,i c see no propriety 9 subject+ x to ,congress4 ,h we n a "r to say1 he> our propositions8 ,:y1 sir1 y\r slaves h a "r to make _! humble reque/s4--,^? :o are 9 ! meane/ occupations ( human life1 h a "r to compla94 ,gov4 ,,r&olph4 ,t honorable g5tleman1 & "s o!rs1 h insi/$ t ! abolition ( slav]y w result f x1 & at ! same "t h compla9$1 t x enc\rages its cont9uation4 ,! inconsi/5cy proves 9 "s degree1 ! futility ( _! argum5ts4 ,b if x be n conclusive1 to satisfy ! committee t !re is no dang] ( enfran*isem5t tak+ place1 ,i beg leave to ref] !m to ! pap] itself4 ,i hope t !re is none "h1 :o1 consid]+ ! subject 9 ! calm light ( philosophy1 w advance an objection di%onorable to ,virg9ia2 t at ! mom5t !y are secur+ ! rights ( _! citiz5s1 an objection is />t$ t !re is a sp>k ( hope1 t ^? un=tunate m5 n[ held 9 bondage1 may1 by ! op]ation ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t be made free4 ,b if any g5tleman be t]rifi$ by ?is appreh5sion1 let him read ! sy/em4 ,i ask1 & ,i w ask aga9 & aga91 till ,i be answ]$ 7n by declamation7 :]e is ! "p t has a t5d5cy to ! abolition ( slav]y8 ,is x ! clause :i* says1 t ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ,congress prior to ! ye> #ahjh8 ,?is is an exception f ! p[] ( regulat+ comm]ce1 & ! re/riction is only to cont9ue till #ahjh4 ,!n ,congress c1 by ! ex]cise ( t p[]1 prev5t future importations2 b does x affect ! exi/+ /ate ( slav]y8 ,7 x "r "h to m5tion :at pass$ 9 ,conv5tion on ! occasion1 ,i might tell y t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ev5 ,s\? ,c>ol9a h]self2 conceiv$ ?is prop]ty to be secure by ^! words4 ,i believe1 :atev] we may ?9k "h1 t !re 0 n a memb] ( ! ,virg9ia delegation :o _h ! smalle/ suspicion ( ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,g to _! mean+4 ,po9t out ! clause :]e ?is =midable p[] ( emancipation is ins]t$4 ,b ano!r clause ( ! ,con/itution proves ! absurdity ( ! supposition4 ,! words ( ! clause are1 ,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,e "o kn[s t slaves are held to s]vice & labor4 ,& :5 au?ority is giv5 to own]s ( slaves to v9dicate _! prop]ty1 c x be suppos$ !y c be depriv$ ( x8 ,if a citiz5 ( ?is ,/ate1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is clause1 c take 8 runaway slave 9 ,m>yl&1 c x be s]i\sly ?\ght1 t aft] tak+ him & br++ him home1 he c\ld be made free8 ,i obs]v$ t ! honorable g5tleman's proposition comes 9 a truly que/ionable %ape1 & is /ill m extraord9>y & unacc\ntable = ano!r consid]ation2 t al?\gh we w5t article by article ?r\gh ! ,con/itution1 & al?\gh we did n expect a g5]al review ( ! subject1 7z a mo/ compreh5sive view _h be5 tak5 ( x be=e x 0 regul>ly debat$17 yet we are c>ri$ back to ! clause giv+ t dreadful p[]1 = ! g5]al welf>e4 ,p>don me if ,i rem9d y ( ! true /ate ( t bus9ess4 ,i appeal to ! c&or ( ! honorable g5tleman1 & if he ?9ks x an improp] appeal1 ,i ask ! g5tlem5 "h1 :e!r !re be a g5]al indef9ite p[] ( provid+ = ! g5]al welf>e8 ,! p[] is1 to lay & collect taxes1 duties1 impo/s1 & excises1 to pay ! debts & provide = ! common def5ce & g5]al welf>e4 ,s t !y c only raise money by ^! means1 9 ord] to provide = ! g5]al welf>e4 ,no man :o reads x c say x is g5]al z ! honorable g5tleman repres5ts x4 ,y mu/ violate e rule ( con/ruction & common s5se1 if y sev] x f ! p[] ( rais+ money & annex x to any ?+ else1 9 ord] to make x t =midable p[] :i* x is repres5t$ to be4 ,mr4 ,,george ,,mason4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ) respect to comm]ce & navigation1 he has giv5 x z 8 op9ion1 t _! regulation1 z x n[ /&s1 0 a s9e qua non ( ! ,union1 & t )\t x1 ! ,/ates 9 ,conv5tion w\ld nev] concur4 ,i diff] f him4 ,x nev] 01 nor 9 my op9ion ev] w be1 a s9e qua non ( ! ,union4 ,i w give y1 to ! be/ ( my recollection1 ! hi/ory ( t affair4 ,?is bus9ess 0 discuss$ at ,philadelphia = f\r mon?s1 dur+ :i* "t ! subject ( comm]ce & navigation 0 (t5 "u consid]ation2 & ,i ass]t1 t eight ,/ates out ( twelve1 = m ?an ?ree mon?s1 vot$ = requir+ two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t 9 ea* h\se to pass comm]cial & navigation laws4 ,true x is1 t aft]w>ds x 0 c>ri$ by a majority1 z x /&s4 ,if ,i am "r1 !re 0 a great majority = requir+ two-?irds ( ! ,/ates 9 ?is bus9ess1 till a compromise took place betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates2 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates agree+ to ! tempor>y importation ( slaves1 & ! ,s\!rn ,/ates conc$+1 9 return1 t navigation & comm]cial laws %\ld be on ! foot+ on :i* !y n[ /&4 ,if ,i am mi/ak51 let me be put "r4 ,^! are my reasons = say+ t ?is 0 n a s9e qua non ( _! concurr5ce4 ,! ,newf\ndl& fi%]ies w require t k9d ( security :i* we are n[ 9 want (4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates !re=e agre$ at l5g?1 t treaties %\ld require ! cons5t ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t 9 ! s5ate4 ,mr4 ,madison4 ,i 0 /ruck ) surprise :5 ,i he>d him express himself al>m$ ) respect to ! emancipation ( slaves4 ,let me ask1 if !y %\ld ev5 attempt x1 if x w n be an usurpation ( p[]8 ,!re is no p[] to w>rant x1 9 t pap]4 ,if !re be1 ,i "k x n4 ,b :y %\ld x be done8 ,says ! honorable g5tleman1 = ! g5]al welf>e--x w infuse /r5g? into our sy/em4 ,c any memb] ( ?is committee suppose1 t x w increase our /r5g?8 ,c any "o believe1 t ! ,am]ican c\ncils w come into a measure :i* w /rip !m ( _! prop]ty1 disc\rage & ali5ate ! affections ( five-?irte5?s ( ! ,union8 ,:y 0 no?+ ( ?is sort aim$ at be=e8 ,i believe su* an idea nev] ent]$ into an ,am]ican brea/1 nor d ,i believe x ev] w1 unless x w ent] into ! heads ( ^? g5tlem5 :o sub/itute unsupport$ suspicions = reasons4 ,mr4 ,h5ry4 ,he ask$ me :]e 0 ! p[] ( emancipat+ slaves8 ,i say x w be impli$1 unless implication be prohibit$4 ,he admits t ! p[] ( grant+ passports w be 9 ! new ,congress )\t ! ins]tion ( ?is re/riction--yet he c %ew me no?+ l su* a p[] grant$ 9 t ,con/itution4 ,not)/&+ he admits _! "r to ?is p[] by implication1 he says t ,i am unfair & unc&id 9 my d$uction1 t !y c emancipate our slaves1 ?\gh ! ^w emancipation be n m5tion$ 9 x4 ,!y c ex]cise p[] by implication 9 "o in/ance1 z well z 9 ano!r4 ,?us1 by ! g5tleman's own argum5t1 !y c ex]cise ! p[] ?\gh x be n delegat$4 ,mr4 ,z4 ,johnson4 ,!y tell u t !y see a progressive dang] ( br++ ab\t emancipation4 ,! pr9ciple has begun s9ce ! revolution4 ,let u d :at we w1 x w come r\nd4 ,slav]y has be5 ! f\ndation ( t impiety & dissipation1 :i* h be5 s mu* dissem9at$ among our c\ntrym54 ,if x 7 totally aboli%$1 x w\ld d mu* good4 ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a ,,conv5tion4 ,! fir/ ?ree clauses ( ! second section read4 ,mr4 ,,g\dy4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ?is clause ( taxation w give an advantage to "s ,/ates1 ov] ! o!rs4 ,x w be oppressive to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,taxes are equal to our repres5tation4 ,to augm5t our taxes & increase our bur!ns1 our negroes are to be repres5t$4 ,if a ,/ate has fifty ?\s& negroes1 %e is to s5d "o repres5tative = !m4 ,i wi% n to be repres5t$ ) negroes1 especially if x increases my bur!ns4 ,mr4 ,davie4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i w endeavor to obviate :at ! g5tleman la/ up has said4 ,i wond] to see g5tlem5 s precipitate & ha/y on a subject ( su* awful importance4 ,x ought to be consid]$1 t "s ( u are sl[ ( appreh5sion1 n hav+ ^? quick conceptions1 & lum9\s und]/&+s1 ( :i* o!r g5tlem5 may be possess$4 ,! g5tleman does n wi% to be repres5t$ ) negroes4 ,?is1 sir1 is an unhappy species ( population1 b _c at pres5t alt] _! situation4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates _h great jeal\sies on ?is subject4 ,!y insi/$ t _! c[s & horses 7 equally entitl$ to repres5tation2 t ! "o 0 prop]ty z well z ! o!r4 ,x became our duty on ! o!r h&1 to acquire z mu* weight z possible 9 ! legislation ( ! ,union2 & z ! ,nor!rn ,/ates 7 m popul\s 9 :ites1 ?is only c\ld be done by insi/+ t a c]ta9 proportion ( our slaves %\ld make a "p ( ! comput$ population4 ,x 0 attempt$ to =m a rule ( repres5tation f a comp\nd ratio ( weal? & population2 b1 on consid]ation1 x 0 f\nd impracticable to det]m9e ! comp>ative value ( l&s1 & o!r prop]ty1 9 s ext5sive a t]ritory1 ) any degree ( accuracy2 & population alone 0 adopt$ z ! only practicable rule or crit]ion ( repres5tation4 ,x 0 urg$ by ! deputies ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 t a repres5tation ( two-fif?s w\ld ( little utility1 & t _! entire repres5tation w\ld be unequal & bur!nsome4 ,t 9 a "t ( w>1 slaves r5d]$ a c\ntry m vuln]able1 :ile its def5ce devolv$ ^u its free inhabitants4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we insi/$1 t 9 "t ( peace !y contribut$ by _! labor to ! g5]al weal? z well z o!r memb]s ( ! community4 ,t z rational be+s !y _h a "r ( repres5tation1 & 9 "s in/ances might be highly useful 9 w>4 ,on ^! pr9ciples1 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates gave ! matt] up1 & cons5t$ to ! regulation z x has be5 read4 ,i hope ^! reasons w appe> satisfactory4 ,x is ! same rule or pr9ciple :i* 0 propos$ "s ye>s ago by ,congress1 & ass5t$ to by twelve ( ! ,/ates4 ,x may w\nd ! delicacy ( ! g5tleman f ,guil=d1 7,mr4 ,,g\dy17 b ,i hope he w endeavor to accommodate 8 feel+s to ! int]e/s & circum/ances ( 8 c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,,james ,,gall[ay said1 t he did n object to ! repres5tation ( negroes1 s mu* z he did to ! fewness ( ! numb] ( repres5tatives4 ,he 0 surpris$ h[ we came to h b five1 includ+ ^? int5d$ to repres5t negroes4 ,t 9 8 humble op9ion ,nor? ,c>ol9a 0 entitl$ to t numb] indep5d5t ( ! negroes4 ,fir/ clause ( ! #i? section read4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,m',,d[all wi%$ to he> ! reasons ( ?is re/riction4 ,mr4 ,,spaight answ]$ t !re 0 a conte/ betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates--t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ^: pr9cipal support dep5d$ on ! labor ( slaves1 w\ld n cons5t to ! desire ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates to exclude ! importation ( slaves absolutely4 ,t ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia insi/$ on ?is clause1 z !y 7 n[ 9 want ( h&s to cultivate _! l&s3 ,t 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty ye>s !y w\ld be fully suppli$3 ,t ! trade w\ld be aboli%$ !n1 & t 9 ! mean "t "s tax or duty might be laid on4 ,mr4 ,m',,d[all repli$1 t ! explanation 0 j su* z he expect$1 & by no means satisfactory to him1 & t he look$ ^u x z a v objectionable "p ( ! sy/em4 ,mr4 ,,ir$ell4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i rise to express s5tim5ts simil> to ^? ( ! g5tleman f ,crav54 ,= my "p1 7 x practicable to put an end to ! importation ( slaves imm$iately1 x w\ld give me ! greate/ pleasure1 = x c]ta9ly is a trade utt]ly inconsi/5t ) ! rights ( humanity1 & "u :i* great cruelties h be5 ex]cis$4 ,:5 ! entire abolition ( slav]y takes place1 x w be an ev5t :i* mu/ be pleas+ to e g5]\s m9d1 & e fri5d ( human nature2 b we (t5 wi% = ?+s :i* are n atta9able4 ,x 0 ! wi% ( a great majority ( ! ,conv5tion to put an end to ! trade imm$iately1 b ! ,/ates ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia w\ld n agree to x4 ,consid] !n :at w\ld be ! diff]5ce betwe5 our pres5t situation 9 ?is respect1 if we d n agree to ! ,con/itution1 & :at x w be if we d agree to x4 ,if we d n agree to x1 d we rem$y ! evil8 ,no1 sir1 we d n2 = if ! ,con/itution be n adopt$1 x w be 9 ! p[] ( e ,/ate to cont9ue x =ev]4 ,!y may or may n aboli% x at _! discretion4 ,b if we adopt ! ,con/itution1 ! trade mu/ cease aft] tw5ty ye>s1 if ,congress decl>e s1 :e!r p>ticul> ,/ates please s or n3 surely1 !n1 we ga9 by x4 ,?is 0 ! utmo/ t c\ld be obta9$4 ,i he>tily wi% m c\ld h be5 done4 ,b z x is1 ?is gov]nm5t is nobly di/+ui%$ above o!rs by t v provision4 ,:]e is !re ano!r c\ntry 9 :i* su* a re/riction prevails8 ,we1 !re=e1 sir1 set an example ( humanity by provid+ = ! abolition ( ?is inhuman traffic1 ?\gh at a di/ant p]iod4 ,i hope1 !re=e1 t ?is "p ( ! ,con/itution w n be condemn$1 because x has n /ipulat$ = :at x 0 impracticable to obta94 ,mr4 ,,spaight fur!r expla9$ ! clause4 ,t ! limitation ( ?is trade to ! t]m ( tw5ty ye>s1 0 a compromise betwe5 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates & ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia wi%$ to ext5d ! t]m4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates insi/$ on ! entire abolition ( ! trade4 ,t ! ,/ate ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a _h n ?\ght prop] to pass any law prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves1 & !re=e its delegation 9 ! conv5tion did n ?9k !mselves au?oriz$ to cont5d = an imm$iate prohibition ( x4 ,mr4 ,,ir$ell add$ to :at he _h said be=e1 t ! ,/ates ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a _h lo/ a great _m slaves dur+ ! w>1 & t !y wi%$ to supply ! loss4 ,mr4 ,,gall[ay4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ! explanation giv5 to ?is clause does n satisfy my m9d4 ,i wi% to see ?is abom9able trade put an end to4 ,b 9 case x be ?\ght prop] to cont9ue ?is abom9able traffic = tw5ty ye>s1 yet ,i d n wi% to see ! tax on ! importation ext5d$ to all p]sons :atsoev]4 ,our situation is diff]5t f ! p to ! ,nor?4 ,we want citiz5s2 !y d n4 ,in/ead ( lay+ a tax1 we ought to a give a b\nty1 to enc\rage =eign]s to come among u4 ,) respect to ! abolition ( slav]y1 x requires ! utmo/ consid]ation4 ,! prop]ty ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates consi/s pr9cipally ( slaves4 ,if !y mean to d away slav]y altoge!r1 ?is prop]ty w be de/roy$4 ,i appreh5d x means to br+ =w>d manumission4 ,if we mu/ manumit our slaves1 :at c\ntry %all we s5d !m to8 ,x is impossible = u to be happy if1 aft] manumission1 !y are to /ay among u4 ,mr4 ,,ir$ell4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ! wor?y g5tleman1 ,i believe1 has misund]/ood ?is clause1 :i* runs 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress prior to ! ye> #ahjh1 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,n[1 sir1 obs]ve t ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 :o long ago h aboli%$ slav]y1 did n approve ( ! expression slaves2 !y !re=e us$ ano!r t answ]$ ! same purpose4 ,! committee w obs]ve ! di/9ction betwe5 ! two words migration & importation4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! clause w ext5d to p]sons :o come into ! c\ntry z free p1 or are br\ght z slaves1 b ! la/ "p ext5ds to slaves only4 ,! ^w migration ref]s to free p]sons2 b ! ^w importation ref]s to slaves1 because free p _c be said to be import$4 ,! tax1 !re=e1 is only to be laid on slaves :o are import$1 & n on free p]sons :o migrate4 ,i fur!r beg leave to say1 t ! g5tleman is mi/ak5 9 ano!r ?+4 ,he seems to say t ?is ext5ds to ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,is !re any?+ 9 ?is con/itution :i* says t ,congress %all h x 9 _! p[] to aboli% ! slav]y ( ^? slaves :o are n[ 9 ! c\ntry8 ,is x n ! pla9 mean+ ( x1 t aft] tw5ty ye>s !y may prev5t ! future importation ( slaves8 ,x does n ext5d to ^? n[ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!re is ano!r circum/ance to be obs]v$4 ,!re is no au?ority ve/$ 9 congress to re/ra9 ! ,/ates 9 ! int]val ( tw5ty ye>s1 f do+ :at !y please4 ,if !y wi% to inhibit su* importation1 !y may d s4 ,our next assembly may put an entire end to ! importation ( slaves4 ,article f\r?4 ,! fir/ section & two fir/ clauses ( ! second section read )\t obs]vation4 ,! la/ clause read-- ,mr4 ,,ir$ell begg$ leave to expla9 ! reason ( ?is clause4 ,9 "s ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 !y h emancipat$ all _! slaves4 ,if any ( our slaves1 said he1 g !re & rema9 !re a c]ta9 "t1 !y w\ld1 by ! pres5t laws1 be entitl$ to _! fre$om1 s t _! ma/]s c\ld n get !m aga94 ,?is w\ld be extremely prejudicial to ! inhabitants ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & to prev5t x1 ?is clause is ins]t$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,?\gh ! ^w slave be n m5tion$1 ?is is ! mean+ ( x4 ,! ,nor!rn delegates1 ow+ to _! p>ticul> scruples on ! subject ( slav]y1 did n *oose ! ^w slave to be m5tion$4 ,! re/ ( ! =? article read )\t obs]vation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,,ir$ell4 ,x is h[ev] to be obs]v$1 t ! fir/ & =? clauses 9 ! n9? section ( ! fir/ article1 are protect$ f any alt]ation until ! ye> #ahjh2 & 9 ord] t no consolidation %\ld take place1 x is provid$1 t no ,/ate %all1 by any am5dm5t or alt]ation1 be ev] depriv$ ( an equal suffrage 9 ! ,s5ate )\t its own cons5t4 ,! two fir/ prohibitions are ) respect to ! c5sus1 accord+ to :i* direct taxes are impos$1 & ) respect to ! importation ( slaves4 ,z to ! fir/1 x mu/ be obs]v$1 t !re is a mat]ial diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! ,nor!rn ,/ates h be5 mu* long] settl$1 & are mu* full] ( p ?an ! ,s\!rn1 b h n l& 9 equal proportion1 nor sc>cely any slaves4 ,! subject ( ?is article 0 regulat$ ) great difficulty1 & by a _s ( concession :i* x w\ld n be prud5t to di/urb = a good _m ye>s4 ,9 tw5ty ye>s !re w probably be a great alt]ation1 & !n ! subject may be re-consid]$ ) less difficulty & great] coolness4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ! compromise 0 ^u ! be/ foot+ t c\ld be obta9$4 ,a compromise likewise took place 9 reg>d to ! importation ( slaves4 ,x is probable t all ! memb]s reprobat$ ?is inhuman traffic1 b ^? ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia w\ld n cons5t to an imm$iate prohibition ( x2 "o reason ( :i* 01 t dur+ ! la/ w> !y lo/ a va/ numb] ( negroes1 :i* loss !y wi% to supply4 ,9 ! mean "t1 x is left to ! ,/ates to admit or prohibit ! importation1 & ,congress may impose a limit$ duty ^u x4 ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a ,,conv5tion4 ,hon4 ,,rawl9s ,,l[ndes4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :at cause 0 !re = jeal\sly ( our import+ negroes8 ,:y conf9e u to tw5ty ye>s1 or r :y limit u at all8 ,= 8 "p he ?\ght ?is trade c\ld be ju/ifi$ on ! pr9ciples ( religion1 humanity1 & ju/ice2 = c]ta9ly to translate a set ( human be+s f a bad c\ntry to a bett]1 0 fulfill+ e "p ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,b !y don't l our slaves1 because !y h none !mselves2 & !re=e want to exclude u f ?is great advantage2 :y %\ld ! ,s\!rn ,/ates all[ ( ?is1 )\t ! cons5t ( n9e ,/ates8 ,judge ,,p5dleton obs]v$1 t only ?ree ,/ates1 ,georgia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 all[$ ! importation ( negroes4 ,virg9ia _h a clause 9 h] ,con/itution = ?is purpose1 & ,m>yl&1 he believ$1 ev5 be=e ! w>1 prohibit$ !m4 ,mr4 ,,l[ndes cont9u$--t we _h a law prohibit+ ! importation ( negroes = ?ree ye>s1 a law he greatly approv$ (2 b !re 0 no reason (f]$1 :y ! ,s\!rn ,/ates might n f9d x necess>y to alt] _! conduct1 & op5 _! ports4 ,)\t negroes ?is ,/ate w\ld deg5]ate into "o ( ! mo/ contemptible 9 ! ,union2 & cit$ an expression t fell f ,g54 ,,p9ckney on a =m] debate1 t :il/ !re rema9$ "o acre ( swamp l& 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a he %\ld raise 8 voice aga9/ re/rict+ ! importation ( negroes4 ,ev5 9 grant+ ! importation = tw5ty ye>s1 c>e _h be5 tak5 to make u pay = ?is indulg5ce1 ea* negro be+ liable1 on importation1 to pay a duty n exce$+ t5 doll>s1 &1 9 addition to ?is1 7 liable to a capitation tax4 ,negroes 7 our weal?1 our only natural res\rce2 yet behold h[ our k9d fri5ds 9 ! ,nor? 7 det]m9$ soon to tie up our h&s1 & dra9 u ( :at we _h4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates drew _! means ( subsi/5ce1 9 a great measure1 f _! %ipp+2 & on t head1 !y _h be5 p>ticul>ly c>eful n to all[ ( any burd5s2 !y 7 n to pay tonnage1 or duties2 no1 n ev5 ! =m ( cle>+ out3 all ports 7 free & op5 to !m6 ,:y1 !n1 call ?is a reciprocal b>ga91 :i* took all f "o p>ty1 to be/[ x on ! o!r8 ,major ,,butl] obs]v$ t !y 7 to pay a five p] c5t impo/4 ,?is1 ,mr4 ,,l[ndes prov$1 mu/ fall ^u ! consum]4 ,!y are to be ! c>ri]s2 & we1 be+ ! consum]s1 !re=e all exp5ses w\ld fall ^u u4 ,hon4 ,e4 ,,rutl$ge4 ,! g5tleman _h compla9$ ( ! inequality ( ! taxes betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates--t t5 doll>s a head 0 impos$ on ! importation ( negroes1 & t ^? negroes 7 aft]w>ds tax$4 ,to ?is x 0 answ]$1 t ! t5 doll>s p] head 0 an equival5t to ! five p] c5t on import$ articles2 & z to _! be+ aft]w>ds tax$1 ! advantage is on our side2 or1 at lea/1 n aga9/ u4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 ! labor is p]=m$ by :ite p2 9 ! ,s\!rn by black4 ,all ! free p 7& !re are few o!rs7 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 are to be tax$ by ! new ,con/itution1 :]eas1 only ! free p1 & two-fif?s ( ! slaves 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are to be rat$ 9 ! apportion+ ( taxes4 ,b ! pr9ciple objection is1 t no duties are laid on %ipp+--t 9 fact ! c>ry+ trade 0 to be ve/$ 9 a great measure 9 ! ,am]icans2 t ! %ipbuild+ bus9ess 0 pr9cipally c>ri$ on 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,:5 ?is subject is duly consid]$1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 %\ld be ! la/ to object to x4 ,mr4 ,,rutl$ge !n w5t into a consid]ation ( ! subject2 aft] :i* ! h\se adj\rn$4 ,g54 ,,*>les ,,coteswor? ,,p9ckney4 ,we 7 at a loss = "s "t = a role to asc]ta9 ! proportionate weal? ( ! ,/ates1 at la/ we ?\ght t ! productive labor ( ! inhabitants 0 ! be/ rule = asc]ta9+ _! weal?2 9 con=mity to ?is rule1 jo9$ to a _s ( concession1 we det]m9$ t repres5tatives %\ld be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates1 by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons ?ree-fif?s ( ! slaves4 ,we ?us obta9$ a repres5tation = our prop]ty1 & ,i confess ,i did n expect t we _h conc$$ too mu* to ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 :5 !y all[$ u a repres5tation = a species ( prop]ty :i* !y h n among !m4 ,! honorable g5tleman alleges1 t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates are weak1 ,i s9c]ely agree ) him--we are s weak t by ourselves we c\ld n =m an union /rong en\gh = ! purpose ( effectually protect+ ea* o!r4 ,)\t union ) ! o!r ,/ates1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a mu/ soon fall4 ,is !re any "o among u s mu* a ,quixotte z to suppose t ?is ,/ate c\ld long ma9ta9 h] indep5d5ce if %e /ood alone1 or 0 only connect$ ) ! ,s\!rn ,/ates8 ,i sc>cely believe !re is4 ,let an invad+ p[] s5d a naval =ce into ! ,*esapeake to keep ,virg9ia 9 al>m1 & attack ,s\? ,c>ol9a ) su* a naval & milit>y =ce z ,sir ,h5ry ,cl9ton br\ght "h 9 #aghj1 & ?\gh !y might n soon conqu] u1 !y w\ld c]ta9ly d u an inf9ite deal ( mis*ief2 & if !y consid]ably increas$ _! numb]s1 we %\ld probably fall4 ,z1 f ! nature ( our climate1 & ! fewness ( our inhabitants1 we are und\bt$ly weak1 %\ld we n endeavor to =m a close union ) ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 :o are /rong8 ,= :o h be5 ! greate/ suff]]s 9 ! ,union1 by our obta9+ our indep5d5ce8 ,i answ]1 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates2 !y h lo/ e ?+ b _! c\ntry1 & _! fre$om4 ,x is notori\s t "s ports to ! ,ea/w>d1 :i* us$ to fit out "o hundr$ & fifty sail ( vessels1 d n n[ fit out ?irty2 t _! trade ( %ip-build+1 :i* us$ to be v consid]able1 is n[ annihilat$2 t _! fi%]ies are trifl+1 & _! m>9]s 9 want ( bread2 surely we are call$ ^u by e tie ( ju/ice1 fri5d%ip1 & humanity1 to relieve _! di/resses2 & z by _! ex]tions !y h assi/$ u 9 e/abli%+ our fre$om1 we %\ld let !m1 9 "s measure1 p>take ( our prosp]ity4 ,! ,g5]al !n said he w\ld make a few obs]vations on ! objections :i* ! g5tleman _h ?r[n out on ! re/rictions t might be laid on ! ,african trade aft] ! ye> #ahjh4 ,on ?is po9t y\r delegates _h to cont5d ) ! religi\s & political prejudices ( ! ,ea/]n & ,middle ,/ates1 & ) ! int]e/$ & inconsi/5t op9ion ( ,virg9ia1 :o 0 w>mly oppos$ to our import+ m slaves4 ,i am ( ! same op9ion n[ z ,i 0 two ye>s ago1 :5 ,i us$ ! expressions t ! g5tleman has quot$1 t :ile !re rema9$ "o acre ( swamp l& uncle>$ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ,i w\ld raise my voice aga9/ re/rict+ ! importation ( negroes4 ,i am z ?or\ghly conv9c$ z t g5tleman is1 t ! nature ( our climate1 & ! flat1 swampy situation ( our c\ntry1 obliges u to cultivate our l& ) negroes1 & t )\t !m ,s\? ,c>ol9a w\ld soon be a des]t wa/e4 ,y h s frequ5tly he>d my s5tim5ts on ?is subject t ,i ne$ n n[ repeat !m4 ,x 0 alleg$1 by "s ( ! memb]s :o oppos$ an unlimit$ importation1 t slaves increas$ ! weakness ( any ,/ate :o admitt$ !m2 t !y 7 a dang]\s species ( prop]ty1 :i* an invad+ enemy c\ld easily turn aga9/ ourselves & ! neighbor+ ,/ates1 & t z we 7 all[$ a repres5tation = !m 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 our influ5ce 9 gov]nm5t w\ld be increas$ 9 proportion z we 7 less able to def5d ourselves4 ,%[ "s p]iod1 said ! memb]s f ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 :5 x may be 9 our p[] to put a /op1 if we please1 to ! importation ( ?is weakness1 & we w endeavor1 = y\r conv5i5ce1 to re/ra9 ! religi\s & political prejudices ( our p on ?is subject4 ,! ,middle ,/ates & ,virg9ia made u no su* proposition2 !y 7 = an imm$iate & total prohibition4 ,we endeavor$ to obviate ! objections t 7 made1 9 ! be/ mann] we c\ld1 & assign$ reasons = our insi/+ on ! importation1 :i* !re is no occasion to repeat1 z !y mu/ occur to e g5tleman 9 ! h\se3 a committee ( ! ,/ates 0 appo9t$ 9 ord] to accommodate ?is matt]1 & aft] a great deal ( difficulty1 x 0 settl$ on ! foot+ recit$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,by ?is settlem5t we h secur$ an unlimit$ importation ( negroes = tw5ty ye>s2 nor is x decl>$ t ! importation %all be !n /opp$2 x may be cont9u$--we h a security t ! g5]al gov]nm5t c nev] emancipate !m1 = no su* au?ority is grant$1 & x is admitt$ on all h&s1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t has no p[]s b :at are expressly grant$ by ! ,con/itution2 & t all rights n express$ 7 res]v$ by ! sev]al ,/ates4 ,we h obta9$ a "r to recov] our slaves1 9 :atev] "p ( ,am]ica !y may take refuge1 :i* is a "r we _h n be=e4 ,9 %ort1 consid]+ all circum/ances1 we h made ! be/ t]ms1 = ! security ( ?is species ( prop]ty1 x 0 9 our p[] to make4 ,we w\ld h made bett] if we c\ld1 b on ! :ole ,i d n ?9k !m bad4 ,hon4 ,,rob]t ,,b>nwell4 ,mr4 ,,b>nwell cont9u$ to say1 ,i n[ come to ! la/ po9t = consid]ation1 ,i mean ! clause relative to ! negroes2 & "h ,i am p>ticul>ly pleas$ ) ! ,con/itution2 x has n left ?is matt] ( s mu* importance to u op5 to imm$iate inve/igation2 no1 x has decl>$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all n1 at any rate1 consid] ?is matt] = tw5ty-"o ye>s1 & yet g5tlem5 are displeas$ ) x4 ,congress has gu>ante$ ?is "r = t space ( "t1 & at its expiration may cont9ue x z long z !y please4 ,?is "q !n arises1 :at w _! int]e/ lead !m to d8 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 z ! honorable g5tleman says1 w become ! c>ri]s ( ,am]ica1 x w1 !re=e1 c]ta9ly be _! int]e/ to enc\rage exportation to z great an ext5t z possible2 & if ! quantum ( our products w be dim9i%$ by ! prohibition ( negroes1 ,i appeal to ! belief ( e man1 :e!r he ?9ks ^? v c>ri]s w !mselves dam up ! res\rces f :5ce _! pr(it is d]iv$8 ,to ?9k s is s contradictory to ! g5]al conduct ( mank9d1 t ,i am ( op9ion1 t )\t we ourselves put a /op to !m1 ! traffic = negroes w cont9ue =ev]4 ,,f$]ali/1 ,no4 #db ,,by ,,james ,,madison4 ,x 7 d\btless to be wi%$1 t ! p[] ( prohibit+ ! importation ( slaves1 _h n be5 po/pon$ until ! ye> #ahjh1 or r t x _h be5 suff]$ to h imm$iate op]ation4 ,b x is n difficult to acc\nt ei!r = ?is re/riction on ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 or = ! mann] 9 :i* ! :ole clause is express$4 ,x ought to be consid]$ z a great po9t ga9$ 9 favor ( humanity1 t a p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s may t]m9ate = ev] )9 ^! ,/ates1 a traffic :i* has s long & s l\dly upbraid$ ! b>b>ism ( mod]n policy2 t )9 t p]iod1 x w receive a consid]able disc\ragem5t f ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t1 & may be totally aboli%$1 by a concurr5ce ( ! few ,/ates :i* cont9ue ! unnatural traffic 9 ! prohibitory example :i* has be5 giv5 by s great a majority ( ! ,union4 ,happy w\ld x be = ! un=tunate ,africans1 if an equal prospect lay be=e !m1 ( be+ r$eem$ f ! oppressions ( _! ,european bre?r56 ,attempts h be5 made to p]v]t ?is clause into an objection aga9/ ! ,con/itution1 by repres5t+ x on "o side1 z a crim9al tol]ation ( an illicit practice2 & on ano!r1 z calculat$ to prev5t volunt>y & b5eficial emigrations f ,europe to ,am]ica4 ,i m5tion ^! miscon/ructions1 n ) a view to give !m an answ]1 = !y des]ve none2 b z specim5s ( ! mann] & _s1 9 :i* "s h ?\ght fit to conduct _! opposition to ! propos$ gov]nm5t4 ,,f$]ali/1 ,no4 #ed4 ,,by ,,james ,,madison4 ,all ?is is admitt$1 x w p]haps be said3 b does x foll[ f an admission ( numb]s = ! measure ( repres5tation1 or ( slaves comb9$ ) free citiz5s z a ratio ( taxation1 t slaves ought to be includ$ 9 ! num]ical rule ( repres5tation8 ,slaves are consid]$ z prop]ty1 n z p]sons4 ,!y ought !re=e1 to be compreh5d$ 9 e/imates ( taxation1 :i* are f\nd$ on prop]ty1 & to be exclud$ f repres5tation1 :i* is regulat$ by a c5sus ( p]sons4 ,?is is ! objection z ,i und]/& x2 /at$ 9 its full =ce4 ,i %all be equally c&id 9 /at+ ! reason+ :i* may be (f]$ on ! opposite side4 ,we subscribe to ! doctr9e1 might "o ( our ,s\!rn bre?r5 obs]ve1 t repres5tation relates m imm$iately to p]sons1 & taxation m imm$iately to prop]ty2 & we jo9 9 ! application ( ?is di/9ction to ! case ( our slaves4 ,b we mu/ d5y ! fact1 t slaves are consid]$ m]ely z prop]ty1 & 9 no respect :atev] z p]sons4 ,! true /ate ( ! case is1 t !y p>take ( bo? ^! qualities1 be+ consid]$ by our laws1 9 "s respects z p]sons1 & 9 o!r respects z prop]ty4 ,9 be+ compell$ to labor1 n = himself2 b = a ma/]2 9 be+ v5dible by "o ma/] to ano!r ma/]2 & 9 be+ subject at all times to be re/ra9$ 9 8 lib]ty & *a/is$ 9 8 body by ! caprici\s w ( ano!r2 ! slave may appe> to be degrad$ f ! human rank1 & class$ ) ^? irrational animals :i* fall "u ! legal d5om9ation ( prop]ty4 ,9 be+ protect$1 on ! o!r h&1 9 8 life1 & 9 8 limbs1 aga9/ ! viol5ce ( all o!rs1 ev5 ! ma/] ( 8 labor & 8 lib]ty2 & 9 be+ puni%able himself = all viol5ce committ$ aga9/ o!rs2 ! slave is no less evid5tly reg>d$ by ! law z a memb] ( ! society1 n z a "p ( ! irrational creation2 z a moral p]son1 n z a m]e article ( prop]ty4 ,! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 !re=e1 decides ) great propriety on ! case ( our slaves1 :5 x views !m 9 ! mix$ "* ( p]sons & prop]ty4 ,?is is 9 fact _! true "*4 ,x is ! "* be/[$ on !m by ! laws "u :i* !y live1 & x w n be d5i$1 t ^! are ! prop] crit]ion2 because x is only "u ! pretext1 t ! laws h trans=m$ ! negroes into subjects ( prop]ty1 t a place is disput$ !m 9 ! computation ( numb]s2 & x is admitt$1 t if ! laws 7 to re/ore ! rights :i* h be5 tak5 away1 ! negroes c\ld no long] be refus$ an equal %>e ( repres5tation ) ! o!r inhabitants4 ,?is "q may be plac$ 9 ano!r light4 ,x is agre$ on all sides1 t numb]s are ! be/ scale ( weal? & taxation1 z !y are ! only prop] scale ( repres5tation4 ,w\ld ! conv5tion h be5 imp>tial or consi/5t1 if !y _h reject$ ! slaves f ! li/ ( inhabitants1 :5 ! %>es ( repres5tation 7 to be calculat$2 & ins]t$ !m on ! li/s :5 ! t>iff ( contributions 0 to be adju/$8 ,c\ld x be reasonably expect$1 t ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld concur 9 a sy/em1 :i* consid]$ _! slaves 9 "s degree z m51 :5 burd5s 7 to be impos$1 b refus$ to consid] !m 9 ! same light1 :5 advantages 7 to be conf]r$8 ,might n "s surprise also be express$1 t ^? :o reproa* ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ) ! b>b>\s policy ( consid]+ z prop]ty a "p ( _! human bre?r51 %\ld !mselves cont5d1 t ! gov]nm5t to :i* all ! ,/ates are to be p>ties1 ought to consid] ?is un=tunate race m completely 9 ! unnatural light ( prop]ty1 ?an ! v laws ( :i* !y compla98 ,x may be repli$1 p]haps1 t slaves are n includ$ 9 ! e/imate ( repres5tatives 9 any ( ! ,/ates possess+ !m4 ,!y nei!r vote !mselves1 nor increase ! votes ( _! ma/]s4 ,^u :at pr9ciple1 !n1 ought !y to be tak5 into ! ,f$]al e/imate ( repres5tation8 ,9 reject+ !m altoge!r1 ! ,con/itution w\ld1 9 ?is respect1 h foll[$ ! v laws :i* h be5 appeal$ to ! prop] guide4 ,?is objection is repell$ by a s+le obs]vation4 ,x is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! propos$ ,con/itution1 t z ! aggregate numb] ( repres5tatives allott$ to ! sev]al ,/ates is to be det]m9$ by a ,f$]al rule1 f\nd$ on ! aggregate numb] ( inhabitants2 s1 ! "r ( *oos+ ?is allott$ numb] 9 ea* ,/ate1 is to be ex]cis$ by su* "p ( ! inhabitants1 z ! ,/ate itself may designate4 ,! qualifications on :i* ! "r ( suffrage dep5ds1 are n p]haps ! same 9 any two ,/ates4 ,9 "s ( ! ,/ates ! diff]5ce is v mat]ial4 ,9 e ,/ate1 a c]ta9 proportion ( inhabitants are depriv$ ( ?is "r by ! ,con/itution ( ! ,/ate1 :o w be includ$ 9 ! c5sus by :i* ! ,f$]al ,con/itution apportions ! repres5tatives4 ,9 ?is po9t ( view1 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates might retort ! compla9t1 by insi/+1 t ! pr9ciple laid d[n by ! conv5tion requir$ t no reg>d %\ld be _h to ! policy ( p>ticul> ,/ates t[>ds _! own inhabitants2 & consequ5tly1 t ! slaves1 z inhabitants1 %\ld h be5 admitt$ into ! c5sus accord+ to _! full numb]1 9 l mann] ) o!r inhabitants1 :o1 by ! policy ( o!r ,/ates1 are n admitt$ to all ! rights ( citiz5s4 ,a rigor\s adh]5ce1 h[ev]1 to ?is pr9ciple is waiv$ by ^? :o w\ld be ga9]s by x4 ,all t !y ask1 is t equal mod]ation be %[n on ! o!r side4 ,let ! case ( ! slaves be consid]$1 z x is 9 tru?1 a peculi> "o4 ,let ! compromis+ exp$i5t ( ! ,con/itution be mutually adopt$1 :i* reg>ds !m z inhabitants1 b z debas$ by s]vitude bel[ ! equal level ( free inhabitants1 :i* reg>ds ! slave z dive/$ ( two-fif?s ( ! man4 ,,debates ,,9 ,,fir/ ,,congress4 ,,lloyd',s ,,debates4 ,may #ac1 #aghi4 ,mr4 ,,p>k] 7( ,va47 mov$ to ins]t a clause 9 ! bill1 impos+ a duty on ! importation ( slaves ( t5 doll>s ea* p]son4 ,he 0 sorry t ! ,con/itution prev5t$ ,congress f prohibit+ ! importation altoge!r2 he ?\ght x a defect 9 t in/rum5t t x all[$ ( su* actions1 x 0 contr>y to ! revolution pr9ciples1 & ought n to be p]mitt$2 b z he c\ld n d all ! good he desir$1 he 0 will+ to d :at lay 9 8 p[]4 ,he hop$ su* a duty z he mov$ = w\ld prev5t1 9 "s degree1 ?is irrational & inhuman traffic2 if s1 he %\ld feel happy f ! success ( 8 motion4 ,mr4 ,,smi? 7( ,s\? ,c>ol9a17 hop$ t su* an important & s]i\s proposition z ?is w\ld n be ha/ily adopt$2 x 0 a v late mom5t = ! introduction ( new subjects4 ,he expect$ ! committee _h got ?r\gh ! bus9ess1 & w\ld rise )\t discuss+ any ?+ fur!r2 at lea/1 if g5tlem5 7 det]m9$ on consid]+ ! pres5t motion1 he hop$ !y w\ld delay = a few days1 9 ord] to give "t = an exam9ation ( ! subject4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly a matt] big ) ! mo/ s]i\s consequ5ces to ! ,/ate he repres5t$2 be did n ?9k any "o ?+ t _h be5 discuss$ 0 s important to !m1 & ! welf>e ( ! ,union1 z ! "q n[ br\ght =w>d1 b he 0 n prep>$ to ent] on any argum5t1 & !re=e reque/$ ! motion might ei!r be )drawn or laid on ! table4 ,mr4 ,,%]man 7( ,ct47 approv$ ( ! object ( ! motion1 b he did n ?9k ?is bill 0 prop] to embrace ! subject4 ,he c\ld n reconcile himself to ! ins]tion ( human be+s z an article ( duty1 among goods1 w>es & m]*&ise4 ,he hop$ x w\ld be )drawn = ! pres5t1 & tak5 up h]eaft] z an indep5d5t subject4 ,mr4 ,,jackson1 7( ,geo47 obs]v+ ! qu>t] f :i* ?is motion came1 said x did n surprise him1 ?\gh x might h t effect on o!rs4 ,he recollect$ t ,virg9ia 0 an old settl$ ,/ate1 & _h h] complem5t ( slaves1 s %e 0 c>eless ( recruit+ h] numb]s by ?is means2 ! natural increase ( h] import$ blacks 7 suffici5t = _! purpose2 b he ?\ght g5tlem5 ought to let _! neighbors get suppli$ be=e !y impos$ su* a burd5 ^u ! importation4 ,he knew ?is bus9ess 0 view$ 9 an odi\s light to ! ,ea/w>d1 because ! p 7 capable ( do+ _! own "w1 & _h no occasion = slaves2 b g5tlem5 w h "s feel+ = o!rs2 !y w n try to ?r[ all ! weight ^u o!rs1 :o h assi/$ 9 light5+ _! burd5s2 !y d n wi% to *>ge u = e com=t & enjoym5t ( life1 & at ! same "t take away ! means ( procur+ !m2 !y d n wi% to break u d[n at once4 ,he 0 conv9c$1 f ! inaptitude ( ! motion1 & ! want ( "t to consid] x1 t ! c&or ( ! g5tleman w\ld induce him to )draw x = ! pres5t2 & if ev] x came =w>d aga91 he hop$ x w\ld compreh5d ! :ite slaves z well z black1 :o 7 import$ f all ! goals ( ,europe2 wret*es1 convict$ ( ! mo/ flagrant crimes1 7 br\ght 9 & sold )\t any duty :atev]4 ,he ?\ght t !y ought to be tax$ equal to ! ,africans1 & _h no d\bt b ! con/itutionality & propriety ( su* a measure 0 equally app>5t z ! "o propos$4 ,mr4 ,,tuck] 7( ,s4,c47 ?\ght x unfair to br+ 9 su* an important subject at a "t :5 debate 0 almo/ preclud$4 ,! committee _h gone ?r\gh ! impo/ bill1 & ! :ole ,union 7 impati5tly expect+ ! result ( _! delib]ations1 ! public mu/ be disappo9t$ & mu* rev5ue lo/1 or ?is "q _c und]go t full discussion :i* x des]ves4 ,we h no "r1 said he1 to consid] :e!r ! importation ( slaves is prop] or n2 ! ,con/itution gives u no p[] on t po9t1 x is left to ! ,/ates to judge ( t matt] z !y see fit4 ,b if x 0 a bus9ess ! g5tleman 0 det]m9$ to disc\rage1 he ought to h br\ght 8 motion =w>d soon]1 & ev5 !n n h introduc$ x )\t previ\s notice4 ,he hop$ ! committee w\ld reject ! motion1 if x 0 n )drawn2 he 0 n speak+ s mu* = ! ,/ate he repres5t$1 z = ,georgia1 because ! ,/ate ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a _h a prohibitory law1 :i* c\ld be r5ew$ :5 its limitation expir$4 ,mr4 ,,p>k] 7( ,va417 _h v5tur$ to introduce ! subject aft] full delib]ation1 & did n l to )draw x4 ,al?\gh ! g5tleman f ,connecticut 7,mr4 ,,%]man7 _h said1 t !y ought n to be enum]at$ ) goods1 w>es1 & m]*&ise1 he believ$ !y 7 look$ ^u by ! ,african trad]s 9 ?is light2 he knew x 0 degrad+ ! human species to annex t "* to !m2 b he w\ld r d ?is ?an cont9ue ! actual evil ( import+ slaves a mom5t long]4 ,he hop$ ,congress w\ld d all t lay 9 _! p[] to re/ore to human nature its inh]5t privileges1 & if possible wipe (f ! /igma :i* ,am]ica labor$ "u4 ,! inconsi/5cy 9 our pr9ciples1 ) :i* we are ju/ly *>g$1 %\ld be done away2 t we may %ew by our actions ! pure b5efic5ce ( ! doctr9e we held out to ! _w 9 our decl>ation ( indep5d5ce4 ,mr4 ,,%]man 7( ,ct417 ?\ght ! pr9ciples ( ! motion & ! pr9ciples ( ! bill 7 inconsi/5t2 ! pr9ciple ( ! bill 0 to raise rev5ue1 ! pr9ciple ( ! motion to correct a moral evil4 ,n[1 consid]+ x z an object ( rev5ue1 x w\ld be unju/1 because two or ?ree ,/ates w\ld be> ! :ole burd51 :ile he believ$ !y bore _! full proportion ( all ! re/4 ,he 0 aga9/ receiv+ ! motion into ?is bill1 ?\gh he _h no objection to tak+ x up by itself1 on ! pr9ciples ( humanity & policy2 & !re=e w\ld vote aga9/ x if x 0 n )drawn4 ,mr4 ,,ames 7( ,mass417 jo9$ ! g5tleman la/ up4 ,no "o c\ld suppose him favorable to slav]y1 he dete/$ x f 8 s\l1 b he _h "s d\bts :e!r impos+ a duty on ! importation1 w\ld n h ! appe>ance ( c\nt5anc+ ! practice2 x 0 c]ta9ly a subject ( "s delicacy1 & no "o appe>$ to be prep>$ = ! discussion1 he !re=e hop$ ! motion w\ld be )drawn4 ,mr4 ,,liv]more4 ,0 n aga9/ ! pr9ciple ( ! motion1 b 9 ! pres5t case he conceiv$ x improp]4 ,if negroes 7 goods1 w>es1 or m]*&ise1 !y came )9 ! title ( ! bill2 if !y 7 n1 ! bill w\ld be inconsi/5t2 b if !y are goods1 w>es or m]*&ise1 ! #e p] c5t ad valorem1 w embrace ! importation2 & ! duty ( #e p] c5t is ne>ly equal to #aj doll>s p] head1 s !re is no occasion to add x ev5 on ! score ( rev5ue4 ,mr4 ,,jackson 7( ,ga417 said x 0 ! fa%ion ( ! day1 to favor ! lib]ty ( slaves2 he w\ld n g into a discussion ( ! subject1 b he believ$ x 0 capable ( demon/ration t !y 7 bett] (f 9 _! pres5t situation1 ?an !y w\ld be if !y 7 manumitt$2 :at are !y to d if !y are dis*>g$8 ,"w = a liv+8 ,exp]i5ce has %ewn u !y w n4 ,exam9e :at is become ( ^? 9 ,m>yl&1 _m ( !m h be5 set free 9 t ,/ate2 did !y turn !mselves to indu/ry & useful pursuits8 ,no1 !y turn out common pickpockets1 petty l>c5y villa9s2 & is ?is m]cy1 =soo?1 to turn !m into a way 9 :i* !y mu/ lose _! lives1--= :]e !y are ?r[n ^u ! _w1 void ( prop]ty & connections1 !y _c get _! liv+ b by pilf]+4 ,:at is to be done = comp5sation8 ,w ,virg9ia set all h] negroes free8 ,w !y give up ! money !y co/ !m1 & to :om8 ,:5 ?is practice comes to be tri$ !re1 ! s\nd ( lib]ty w lose ^? *>ms :i* make x grateful to ! ravi%$ e>4 ,b our slaves are n 9 a worse situation ?an !y 7 on ! coa/ ( ,africa2 x is n uncommon !re = ! p>5ts to sell _! *ildr5 9 peace2 & 9 w> ! :ole are tak5 & made slaves toge!r4 ,9 ^! cases x is only a *ange ( "o slav]y = ano!r2 & are !y n bett] "h1 :]e !y h a ma/] b\nd by ! ties ( int]e/ & law to provide = _! support & com=t 9 old age1 or infirmity1 9 :i*1 if !y 7 free1 !y w\ld s9k "u ! pressure ( woe = want ( assi/ance4 ,he w\ld say no?+ ( ! p>tiality ( su* a tax1 x 0 admitt$ by ! av[$ fri5ds ( ! measure2 ,georgia 9 p>ticul> w\ld be oppress$4 ,on ?is acc\nt x w\ld be ! mo/ odi\s tax ,congress c\ld impose4 ,mr4 ,,s*ureman 7( ,n4,j47 hop$ ! g5tleman w\ld )draw 8 motion1 because ! pres5t 0 n ! "t or place = introduc+ ! bus9ess2 he ?\ght x _h bett] be br\ght =w>d 9 ! ,h\se1 z a di/9ct proposition4 ,if ! g5tleman p]si/$ 9 hav+ ! "q det]m9$1 he w\ld move ! previ\s "q if he 0 support$4 ,mr4 ,,madison1 7( ,va47 ,i _c concur ) g5tlem5 :o ?9k ! pres5t an improp] "t or place to ent] into a discussion ( ! propos$ motion2 if x is tak5 up 9 a sep>ate view1 we %all d ! same ?+ at a great] exp5se ( "t4 ,b ! g5tlem5 say t x is improp] to connect ! two objects1 because !y d n come )9 ! title ( ! bill4 ,b ?is objection may be obviat$ by accommodat+ ! title to ! cont5ts2 !re may be "s inconsi/5cy 9 comb9+ ! ideas :i* g5tlem5 h express$1 t is1 consid]+ ! human race z a species ( prop]ty2 b ! evil does n arise f adopt+ ! clause n[ propos$1 x is f ! importation to :i* x relates4 ,our object 9 enum]at+ p]sons on pap] ) m]*&ise1 is to prev5t ! practice ( actually treat+ !m z su*1 by hav+ !m1 9 future1 =m+ "p ( ! c>goes ( goods1 w>es1 & m]*&ise to be import$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! motion is calculat$ to avoid ! v evil intimat$ by ! g5tleman4 ,x has be5 said t ?is tax w be p>tial & oppressive3 b suppose a fair view is tak5 ( ?is subject1 ,i ?9k we may =m a diff]5t conclusion4 ,b if x be p>tial or oppressive1 are !re n _m in/ances 9 :i* we h laid taxes ( ?is nature8 ,yet are !y n ?\ght to be ju/ifi$ by national policy8 ,if any article is w>rant$ on ?is acc\nt1 h[ mu* m are we au?oriz$ to proce$ on ?is occasion8 ,! dictates ( humanity1 ! pr9ciples ( ! p1 ! national safety & happ9ess1 & prud5t policy requires x ( u2 ! con/itution has p>ticul>ly call$ our att5tion to x--& ( all ! articles conta9$ 9 ! bill be=e u1 ?is is "o ( ! la/ ,i %\ld be will+ to make a concession ^u s f> z ,i 0 at lib]ty to g1 accord+ to ! t]ms ( ! con/itution or pr9ciples ( ju/ice--,i w\ld n h x und]/ood t my zeal w\ld c>ry me to disobey ! inviolable comm&s ( ei!r4 ,i und]/ood x _h be5 intimat$1 t ! motion 0 inconsi/5t or uncon/itutional4 ,i believe1 sir1 my wor?y colleague has =m$ ! words ) a p>ticul> ref]5ce to ! ,con/itution2 any h[1 s f> z ! duty is express$1 x p]fectly accords ) t in/rum5t2 if !re are any inconsi/5cies 9 x1 !y may be rectifi$2 ,i believe ! int5tion is well und]/ood1 b ,i am f> f suppos+ ! diction improp]4 ,if ! description ( ! p]sons does n accord ) ! ideas ( ! g5tleman f ,georgia1 7,mr4 ,,jackson17 & 8 idea is a prop] "o = ! committee to adopt1 ,i see no difficulty 9 *ang+ ! phraseology4 ,i conceive ! ,con/itution1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 0 =m$ 9 ord] t ! gov]nm5t1 :il/ x 0 re/ra9$ f lay+ a total prohibition1 might be able to give "s te/imony ( ! s5se ( ,am]ica1 ) respect to ! ,african trade4 ,we h lib]ty to impose a tax or duty ^u ! importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit2 & ?is lib]ty 0 grant$1 ,i presume1 ^u two consid]ations--! fir/ 01 t until ! "t arriv$ :5 !y might aboli% ! importation ( slaves1 !y might h an opportunity ( evid5c+ _! s5tim5ts1 on ! policy & humanity ( su* a trade2 ! o!r 0 t !y might be tax$ 9 due proportion ) o!r articles import$2 = if ! possessor w consid] !m z prop]ty1 ( c\rse !y are ( value & ought to be paid =4 ,if g5tlem5 are appreh5sive ( oppression f ! weight ( ! tax1 let !m make an e/imate ( its proportion1 & !y w f9d t x v little exce$s five p] c5t ad valorem1 s t !y w ga9 v little by hav+ !m ?r[n into t mass ( articles1 :il/ by select+ !m 9 ! mann] propos$1 we %all fulfil ! prevail+ expectation ( our fell[ citiz5s1 & p]=m our duty 9 execut+ ! purposes ( ! ,con/itution4 ,x is to be hop$ t by express+ a national disapprobation ( ?is trade1 we may de/roy x1 & save ourselves f reproa*es1 & our po/]ity ! imbecility ev] att5dant on a c\ntry fill$ ) slaves4 ,i d n wi% to say any?+ h>%1 to ! he>+ ( g5tlem5 :o ent]ta9 diff]5t s5tim5ts f me1 or diff]5t s5tim5ts f ^? ,i repres5t2 b if !re is any "o po9t 9 :i* x is cle>ly ! policy ( ?is nation1 s f> z we con/itutionally c1 to v>y ! practice ( obta9+ "u "s ( ! ,/ate gov]nm5ts1 x is ?is2 b x is c]ta9 a majority ( ! ,/ates are oppos$ to ?is practice1 !re=e1 ^u pr9ciple1 we ought to disc\nt5ance x z f> z is 9 our p[]4 ,if ,i 0 n afraid ( be+ told t ! repres5tatives ( ! sev]al ,/ates1 are ! be/ able to judge ( :at is prop] & conducive to _! p>ticul> prosp]ity1 ,i %\ld v5ture to say t x is z mu* ! int]e/ ( ,georgia & ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 z ( any 9 ! ,union4 ,e addition !y receive to _! numb] ( slaves1 t5ds to weak5 !m & r5d]s !m less capable ( self def5ce4 ,9 case ( ho/ilities ) =eign nations1 !y w be ! means ( invit+ attack in/ead ( repell+ invasion4 ,x is a necess>y duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to protect e "p ( ! empire aga9/ dang]1 z well int]nal z ext]nal2 e ?+ !re=e :i* t5ds to increase ?is dang]1 ?\gh x may be a local affair1 yet if x involves national exp5se or safety1 becomes ( conc]n to e "p ( ! ,union1 & is a prop] subject = ! consid]ation ( ^? *>g$ ) ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,i hope1 9 mak+ ^! obs]vations1 ,i %all n be und]/ood to mean t a prop] att5tion ought n to be paid to ! local op9ions & circum/ances ( any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or t ! p>ticul> repres5tatives are n be/ able to judge ( ! s5se ( _! imm$iate con/itu5ts4 ,if we exam9e ! propos$ measure by ! agreem5t !re is betwe5 x1 & ! exi/+ ,/ate laws1 x w %[ u t x is patroniz$ by a v respectable "p ( ! ,union4 ,i am in=m$ t ,s\? ,c>ol9a has prohibit$ ! importation ( slaves = sev]al ye>s yet to come2 we h ! satisfaction !n ( reflect+ t we d no?+ m ?an _! own laws d at ?is mom5t4 ,?is is n ! case ) "o ,/ate4 ,i am sorry t h] situation is su* z to seem to require a population ( ?is nature1 b x is impossible 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 to consult ! national good )\t do+ :at we d n wi% to d1 to "s p>ticul> "p4 ,p]haps g5tlem5 cont5d aga9/ ! introduction ( ! clause1 on too slight gr\nds4 ,if x does n con=m ) ! title ( ! bill1 alt] ! latt]2 if x does n con=m to ! precise t]ms ( ! ,con/itution1 am5d x4 ,b if x w t5d to delay ! :ole bill1 t p]haps w be ! be/ reason = mak+ x ! object ( a sep>ate "o4 ,if ?is is ! s5se ( ! committee ,i %all submit4 ,mr4 ,,g]ry 7( ,mass47 ?\ght all duties ought to be laid z equal z possible4 ,he _h endeavor$ to en=ce ?is pr9ciple ye/]day1 b )\t ! success he wi%$ =1 he 0 b\nd by ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice !re=e to vote = ! proposition2 b if ! committee 7 desir\s ( consid]+ ! subject fully by itself1 he _h no objection1 b he ?\ght :5 g5tlem5 laid d[n a pr9ciple1 !y ought to support x g5]ally4 ,mr4 ,,burke 7( ,s4,c47 said1 g5tlem5 7 cont5d+ = no?+2 t ! value ( a slave1 av]ag$ ab\t #hj1 & ! duty on t sum at five p] c5t1 w\ld be t5 doll>s1 z congress c\ld g no f>!r ?an t sum1 he conceiv$ x made no diff]5ce :e!r !y 7 enum]at$ or left 9 ! common mass4 ,mr4 ,,madison1 7( ,va47 ,if we cont5d = no?+1 ! g5tlem5 :o are oppos$ to u d n cont5d = a great deal2 b ! "q is1 :e!r ! five p] c5t ad valorem1 on all articles import$1 w h any op]ation at all ^u ! introduction ( slaves1 unless we make a p>ticul> enum]ation on ?is acc\nt2 ! collector may mi/ake1 = he w\ld n presume to apply ! t]m goods1 w>es1 & m]*&ise to any p]son :atsoev]4 ,b if t g5]al def9ition ( goods1 w>es & m]*&ise are suppos$ to include ,african ,slaves1 :y may we n p>ticul>ly enum]ate !m1 & lay ! duty po9t$ out by ! ,con/itution1 :i*1 z g5tlem5 tell u1 is no m ?an five p] c5t ^u _! value2 ?is w n increase ! burd5 ^u any1 b x w be t manife/ation ( our s5se1 expect$ by our con/itu5ts1 & dem&$ by ju/ice & humanity4 ,mr4 ,,bl& 7( ,va47 _h no d\bt ( ! propriety or good policy ( ?is measure4 ,he _h made up 8 m9d ^u x1 he wi%$ _h nev] be5 introduc$ into ,am]ica2 b if x 0 impossible at ?is "t to cure ! evil1 he 0 v will+ to jo9 9 any measures t w\ld prev5t its ext5d+ f>!r4 ,he _h "s d\bts :e!r ! prohibitory laws ( ! ,/ates 7 n 9 "p repeal$4 ,^? :o _h endeavor$ to disc\nt5ance ?is trade1 by lay+ a duty on ! importation1 7 prev5t$ by ! ,con/itution f cont9u+ su* regulation1 :i* decl>es1 t no ,/ate %all lay any impo/ or duties on imports4 ,if ?is 0 ! case1 & he suspect$ pretty /rongly t x 01 ! necessity ( adopt+ ! proposition ( 8 colleague 0 n[ app>5t4 ,mr4 ,,%]man 7( ,ct47 said1 ! ,con/itution does n consid] ^! p]sons z a species ( prop]ty2 x speaks ( !m z p]sons1 & says1 t a tax or duty may be impos$ on ! importation ( !m into any ,/ate :i* %all p]mit ! same1 b !y h no p[] to prohibit su* importation = tw5ty ye>s4 ,b ,congress h p[] to decl>e ^u :at t]ms p]sons com+ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be entitl$ to citiz5%ip2 ! rule ( naturalization mu/ h[ev] be uni=m4 ,he 0 conv9c$ !re 7 o!rs ought to be regulat$ 9 ?is p>ticul>1 ! importation ( :om 0 ( an evil t5d5cy1 he meant convicts p>ticul>ly4 ,he ?\ght t "s regulation respect+ !m 0 also prop]2 b x be+ a diff]5t subject1 x ought to be tak5 up 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,mr4 ,,madison 7( ,va47 0 l$ to believe1 f ! obs]vation t _h fell f ! g5tlem51 t x w\ld be be/ to make ?is ! subject ( a di/9ct bill3 he !re=e wi%$ 8 colleague w\ld )draw 8 motion1 & move 9 ! h\se = leave to br+ 9 a bill on ! same pr9ciples4 ,mr4 ,,p>k] 7( ,va47 cons5t$ to )draw 8 motion1 "u a conviction t ! h\se 0 fully satisfi$ ( its propriety4 ,he knew v well t ^! p]sons 7 nei!r goods1 nor w>es1 b !y 7 treat$ z articles ( m]*&ise4 ,al?\gh he wi%$ to get rid ( ?is "p ( 8 prop]ty1 yet he %\ld n cons5t to deprive o!r p ( !irs by any act ( 8 )\t _! cons5t4 ,! committee rose1 report$ progress1 & ! h\se adj\rn$4 ,,febru>y #aa?1 #agij4 ,mr4 ,,lawrance 7( ,new ,york17 pres5t$ an address f ! society ( ,fri5ds1 9 ! ,city ( ,new ,york2 9 :i* !y set =? _! desire ( co-op]at+ ) _! ,s\!rn bre?r54 ,mr4 ,,h>tley 7( ,p5n47 !n mov$ to ref] ! address ( ! annual assembly ( ,fri5ds1 held at ,philadelphia1 to a committee2 he ?\ght x a m>k ( respect due s num]\s & respectable a "p ( ! community4 ,mr4 ,,:ite 7( ,va47 second$ ! motion4 ,mr4 ,,smi?1 7( ,s4,c47 ,h[ev] respectable ! petition]s may be1 ,i hope g5tlem5 w consid] t o!rs equally respectable are oppos$ to ! object :i* is aim$ at1 & are entitl$ to an opportunity ( be+ he>d be=e ! "q is det]m9$4 ,i flatt] myself g5tlem5 w n press ! po9t ( commitm5t to-day1 x be+ contr>y to our usual mode ( proc$ure4 ,mr4 ,,fitzsimons 7( ,p5n47 ,if we 7 n[ ab\t to det]m9e ! f9al "q1 ! obs]vation ( ! g5tleman f ,s\? ,c>ol9a w\ld apply2 b1 sir1 ! pres5t "q does n t\* ^u ! m]its ( ! case2 x is m]ely to ref] ! memorial to a committee1 to consid] :at is prop] to be done2 g5tlem51 !re=e1 :o d n mean to oppose ! commitm5t to-morr[1 may z well agree to x to-day1 because x w t5d to save ! "t ( ! h\se4 ,mr4 ,,jackson 7( ,geo47 wi%$ to "k :y ! second read+ 0 to be cont5d$ = to-day1 :5 x 0 div]t+ ! att5tion ( ! memb]s f ! great object t 0 be=e ! committee ( ! :ole8 ,is x because ! feel+s ( ! ,fri5ds w be hurt1 to h _! affair conduct$ 9 ! usual c\rse ( bus9ess8 ,g5tlem5 :o advocate ! second read+ to-day1 %\ld respect ! feel+s ( ! memb]s :o repres5t t "p ( ! ,union :i* is pr9cipally to be affect$ by ! measure4 ,i believe1 sir1 t ! latt] class consi/s ( z useful & z good citiz5s z ! petition]s1 m5 equally fri5ds to ! revolution1 & equally susceptible ( ! ref9$ s5sations ( humanity & b5evol5ce4 ,:y !n %\ld su* p>ticul> att5tion be paid to !m1 = br++ =w>d a bus9ess ( que/ionable policy8 ,if ,congress are dispos$ to int]f]e 9 ! importation ( slaves1 !y c take ! subject up )\t advis]s1 because ! ,con/itution expressly m5tions all ! p[] !y c ex]cise on ! subject4 ,mr4 ,,%]man 7( ,conn47 sugge/$ ! idea ( ref]r+ x to a committee1 to consi/ ( a memb] f ea* ,/ate1 because sev]al ,/ates _h already made "s regulations on ?is subject4 ,! soon] ! subject 0 tak5 up he ?\ght x w\ld be ! bett]4 ,mr4 ,,p>k]1 7( ,va47 ,i hope1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 ! petition ( ^! respectable p1 w be att5d$ to ) all ! read9ess ! importance ( its object dem&s2 & ,i _c help express+ ! pleasure ,i feel 9 f9d+ s consid]able a "p ( ! community att5d+ to matt]s ( su* mom5t\s conc]n to ! future prosp]ity & happ9ess ( ! p ( ,am]ica4 ,i ?9k x my duty1 z a citiz5 ( ! ,union1 to esp\se _! cause2 & x is incumb5t ^u e memb] ( ?is h\se to sift ! subject well1 & asc]ta9 :at c be done to re/ra9 a practice s nef>i\s4 ,! ,con/itution has au?oriz$ u to levy a tax ^u ! importation ( su* p]sons z ! ,/ates %all au?orize to be admitt$4 ,i w\ld will+ly g to t ext5t2 & if any ?+ fur!r c be devis$ to disc\nt5ance ! trade1 consi/5t ) ! t]ms ( ! ,con/itution1 ,i %all *e]fully give x my ass5t & support4 ,mr4 ,,madison1 7( ,va47 ,! g5tleman f ,p5nsylvania1 7,mr4 ,,fitzsimons7 has put ?is "q on its prop] gr\nd4 ,if g5tlem5 d n mean to oppose ! commitm5t to-morr[1 !y may z well acquiesce 9 x to-day2 & ,i appreh5d g5tlem5 ne$ n be al>m$ at any measure x is likely ,congress %\ld take2 because !y w recollect1 t ! ,con/itution secures to ! individual ,/ates ! "r ( admitt+1 if !y ?9k prop]1 ! importation ( slaves into _! own t]ritory1 = eighte5 ye>s yet unexpir$2 subject1 h[ev]1 to a tax1 if ,congress are dispos$ to impose x1 ( n m ?an t5 doll>s on ea* p]son4 ,! petition1 if ,i mi/ake n1 speaks ( artifices us$ by self-int]e/$ p]sons to c>ry on ?is trade2 & ! petition f ,new ,york /ates a case t may require ! consid]ation ( ,congress4 ,if any?+ is )9 ! ,f$]al au?ority to re/ra9 su* violation ( ! rights ( nations1 & ( mank9d1 z is suppos$ to be practis$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x w c]ta9ly t5d to ! int]e/ & honor ( ! community to attempt a rem$y1 & is a prop] subject = our discussion4 ,x may be1 t =eign]s take advantage ( ! lib]ty af=d$ !m by ! ,am]ican trade1 to employ our slipp+ 9 ! slave trade betwe5 ,africa & ! ,we/ ,indies1 :5 !y are re/ra9$ f employ+ _! own by re/rictive laws ( _! nation4 ,if ?is is ! case1 is !re any p]son ( humanity t w\ld n wi% to prev5t !m8 ,ano!r consid]ation :y we %\ld commit ! petition is1 t we may give no gr\nd ( al>m by a s]i\s opposition1 z if we 7 ab\t to take measures t 7 uncon/itutional4 ,mr4 ,,/one 7( ,md47 fe>$ t if ,congress took any measures1 indicative ( an int5tion to int]f]e ) ! k9d ( prop]ty allud$ to1 x w\ld s9k x 9 value v consid]ably1 & might be injuri\s to a great numb] ( ! citiz5s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,he ?\ght ! subject 0 ( g5]al conc]n1 & t ! petition]s _h no m "r to int]f]e w x ?an any o!r memb]s ( ! community4 ,x 0 an un=tunate circum/ance1 t x 0 ! prop]ty ( sects to imag9e !y und]/ood ! rights ( human nature bett] ?an all ! _w beside2 & t !y w\ld1 9 consequ5ce1 be m$dl+ ) conc]ns 9 :i* !y _h no?+ to d4 ,z ! petition relates to a subject ( a g5]al nature1 x ought to lie on ! table1 z in=mation2 he w\ld nev] cons5t to ref] petitions1 unless ! petition]s 7 exclusively int]e/$4 ,suppose !re 0 a petition to come be=e u f a society1 pray+ u to be hone/ 9 our transactions1 or t we %\ld adm9i/] ! ,con/itution accord+ to its int5tion--:at w\ld y d ) a petition ( ?is k9d8 ,c]ta9ly x w\ld rema9 on y\r table4 ,he w\ld1 nev]!less1 n h x suppos$1 t ! p _h n a "r to advise & give _! op9ion ^u public measures2 b he w\ld n be influ5c$ by t advice or op9ion1 to take up a subject soon] ?an ! conv5i5ce ( o!r bus9ess w\ld admit4 ,unless he *ang$ 8 s5tim5ts1 he w\ld oppose ! commitm5t4 ,mr4 ,,burke 7( ,s4,c47 ?\ght g5tlem5 7 pay+ att5tion to :at did n des]ve x4 ,! m5 9 ! gall]y _h come "h to m$dle 9 a bus9ess ) :i* !y _h no?+ to d2 !y 7 volunte]+ x 9 ! cause ( o!rs1 :o nei!r expect$ nor desir$ x4 ,he _h a respect = ! body ( ,quak]s1 b1 nev]!less1 he did n believe !y _h m virtue1 or religion1 ?an o!r p1 nor p]haps s mu*1 if !y 7 exam9$ to ! bottom1 not)/&+ _! outw>d pret5ces4 ,if _! petition is to be notic$1 ,congress ought to wait till c\nt] applications 7 made1 & !n !y might h ! subject m fairly be=e !m4 ,! rights ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ought n to be ?reat5$1 & _! prop]ty endang]$1 to please p :o 7 to be unaffect$ by ! consequ5ces4 ,mr4 ,,h>tley 7( ,p5n47 ?\ght ! memoriali/s did n des]ve to be asp]s$ = _! conduct1 if influ5c$ by motives ( b5ignity1 !y solicit$ ! ,legislature ( ! ,union to repel1 z f> z 9 _! p[]1 ! increase ( a lic5ti\s traffic4 ,nor d !y m]it c5sure1 because _! behavior has ! appe>ance ( m morality ?an o!r p's4 ,b x is n = ,congress to refuse to he> ! applications ( _! fell[ citiz5s1 :ile ^? applications conta9 no?+ uncon/itutional or (f5sive4 ,:at is ! object ( ! address be=e u8 ,x is int5d$ to br+ be=e ?is ,h\se a subject ( great importance to ! cause ( humanity2 !re are c]ta9 facts to be enquir$ into1 & ! memoriali/s are ready to give all ! in=mation 9 _! p[]2 !y are wait+1 at a great di/ance f _! homes1 & wi% to return2 if1 !n1 x w be prop] to commit ! petition to-morr[1 x w be equally prop] to-day1 = x is con=mable to our practice1 beside1 x w t5d to _! conv5i5cy4 ,mr4 ,,lawrance 7( ,n4,y47 ,! g5tleman f ,s\? ,c>ol9a says1 ! petition]s are ( a society n kn[n 9 ! laws or ,con/itution4 ,sir1 9 all our acts1 z well z 9 ! ,con/itution1 we h notic$ ?is ,society2 or :y is x t we admit !m to affirm1 9 cases :]e o!rs are call$ ^u to swe>8 ,if we pay ?is att5tion to !m1 9 "o in/ance1 :at good reason is !re = contemn+ !m 9 ano!r8 ,i ?9k ! g5tleman f ,m>yl& 7,mr4 ,,/one17 c>ries 8 appreh5sions too f>1 :5 he fe>s t negro-prop]ty w fall 9 value1 by ! suppression ( ! slave-trade2 n t ,i suppose x imm$iately 9 ! p[] ( ,congress to aboli% a traffic :i* is a disgrace to human nature2 b x appe>s to me1 t1 if ! importation 0 cru%$1 ! value ( a slave w\ld be increas$ in/ead ( dim9i%$2 h[ev]1 consid]ations ( ?is k9d h no?+ to d ) ! pres5t "q2 g5tlem5 may acquiesce 9 ! commitm5t ( ! memorial1 )\t pl$g+ !mselves to support its object4 ,mr4 ,,jackson1 7( ,ga47 ,i diff] mu* 9 op9ion ) ! g5tleman la/ up4 ,i appreh5d if1 ?r\gh ! int]f]5ce ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 ! slave trade 0 aboli%$1 x w\ld ev9ce to ! p a disposition t[>d a total emancipation1 & !y w\ld hold _! prop]ty 9 jeop>dy4 ,any extraord9>y att5tion ( ,congress to ?is petition may h1 9 "s degree1 a simil> effect4 ,i w\ld beg to ask ^?1 !n1 :o are s desir\s ( free+ ! negroes1 if !y h funds suffici5t to pay = !m8 ,if !y h1 !y may come =w>d on t bus9ess ) "s propriety2 b1 if !y h n1 !y %\ld keep !mselves quiet1 & n int]f]e ) a bus9ess 9 :i* !y are n int]e/$4 ,!y may z well come =w>d1 & solicit ,congress to int]dict ! ,we/ ,india trade1 because x is injuri\s to ! morals ( mank9d2 f !nce we import rum1 :i* has a debas+ influ5ce ^u ! consum]4 ,b1 sir1 is ! :ole morality ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates conf9$ to ! ,quak]s8 ,are !y ! only p ^: feel+s are to be consult$ on ?is occasion8 ,is x to !m we owe our pres5t happ9ess8 ,0 x !y :o =m$ ! ,con/itution8 ,did !y1 by _! arms1 or contributions1 e/abli% our indep5d5ce8 ,i believe !y 7 g5]ally oppos$ to t measure4 ,:y1 !n1 on _! application1 %all we injure m51 :o1 at ! risk ( _! lives & =tunes1 secur$ to ! community _! lib]ty & prop]ty8 ,if ,congress pay any uncommon degree ( att5tion to _! petition1 x w furni% j gr\nd ( al>m to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,b1 :y d ^! m5 set !mselves up1 9 su* a p>ticul> mann]1 aga9/ slav]y8 ,d !y und]/& ! rights ( mank9d1 & ! disposition ( ,provid5ce bett] ?an o!rs8 ,if !y 7 to consult t ,book :i* claims our reg>d1 !y w f9d t slav]y is n only all[$1 b comm5d$4 ,_! ,savi\r1 :o possess$ m b5evol5ce & commis]ation ?an !y pret5d to1 has all[$ ( x4 ,& if !y fully exam9e ! subject1 !y w f9d t slav]y has be5 no novel doctr9e s9ce ! days ( ,ca94 ,b be ^! ?+s z !y may1 ,i hope ! ,h\se w ord] ! petition to lie on ! table1 9 ord] to prev5t al>m+ our ,s\!rn bre?r54 ,mr4 ,,s$gwick1 7( ,mass47 ,if x 0 a s]i\s "q1 :e!r ! ,memorial %\ld be committ$ or n1 ,i w\ld n urge x at ?is "t2 b t _c be a "q = a mom5t1 if we consid] our relative situation ) ! p4 ,a numb] ( m51--:o are c]ta9ly v respectable1 & ( :om1 z a society1 x may be said ) tru?1 t !y con=m _! moral conduct to _! religi\s t5ets1 z mu* z any p 9 ! :ole community1--come =w>d & tell y1 t y may effect two objects by ! ex]cise ( a ,con/itutional au?ority :i* w give great satisfaction2 on ! "o h& y may acquire rev5ue1 & on ! o!r1 re/ra9 a practice productive ( great evil4 ,n[1 sett+ aside ! religi\s motives :i* influ5c$ _! application1 h !y n a "r1 z citiz5s1 to give _! op9ion ( public measures8 ,= my "p ,i d n appreh5d t any ,/ate1 or any consid]able numb] ( individuals 9 any ,/ate1 w be s]i\sly al>m$ at ! commitm5t ( ! petition1 f a fe> t ,congress int5d to ex]cise an uncon/itutional au?ority1 9 ord] to violate _! rights2 ,i believe !re is n a wi% ( ! k9d ent]ta9$ by any memb] ( ?is body4 ,h[ c g5tlem5 hesitate !n to pay t respect to a memorial :i* x is entitl$ to1 accord+ to ! ord9>y mode ( proc$ure 9 bus9ess8 ,:y %all we def] do+ t till to-morr[1 :i* we c d to-day8 = ! result1 ,i appreh5d1 w be ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 7( ,s4,c47 ,! "q1 ,i appreh5d1 is1 :e!r we w take ! petition up = a second read+1 & n :e!r x %all be committ$8 ,n[1 ,i oppose ?is1 because x is contr>y to our usual practice1 & does n all[ g5tlem5 "t to consid] ( ! m]its ( ! pray]2 p]haps "s g5tlem5 may ?9k x improp] to commit x to s l>ge a committee z has be5 m5tion$2 a v>iety ( causes may be suppos$ to %[ t su* a ha/y decision is improp]2 p]haps ! pray] ( x is improp]4 ,if ,i und]/ood x "r1 on its fir/ read+1 ?\gh1 to be sure1 ,i did n compreh5d p]fectly all t ! petition conta9$1 x prays t we %\ld take measures = ! abolition ( ! slave trade2 ?is is desir+ an uncon/itutional act1 because ! con/itution secures t trade to ! ,/ates1 indep5d5t ( congressional re/rictions1 = ! t]m ( tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,if1 !re=e1 x prays = a violation ( con/itutional rights1 x ought to be reject$1 z an attempt ^u ! virtue & patriotism ( ! h\se4 ,mr4 ,,b\d9ot1 7( ,n4,j47 ,x has be5 said t ! ,quak]s h no "r to int]f]e 9 ?is bus9ess2 ,i am surpris$ to he> ?is doctr9e advanc$1 aft] x has be5 s lately cont5d$1 & settl$1 t ! p h a "r to assemble & petition = r$ress ( grievances2 x is n because ! petition comes f ! society ( ,quak]s t ,i am 9 favor ( ! commitm5t1 b because x comes f citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :o are z equally conc]n$ 9 ! welf>e & happ9ess ( _! c\ntry z o!rs4 ,!re c]ta9ly is no f\ndation = ! appreh5sions :i* seem to prevail 9 g5tlem5's m9ds4 ,if ! petition]s 7 s un9=m$3 z to suppose t ,congress c\ld be guilty ( a violation ( ! ,con/itution1 yet1 ,i tru/ we "k our duty bett] ?an to be l$ a/ray by an application f any man1 or set ( m5 :atev]4 ,i d n consid] ! m]its ( ! ma9 "q to be be=e u2 x w be "t en\gh to give our op9ions ^u t1 :5 ! committee h report$4 ,if x is 9 our p[]1 by recomm5dation1 or any o!r way1 to put a /op to ! slave trade 9 ,am]ica1 ,i d n d\bt ( its policy2 b h[ f> ! ,con/itution w au?orize u to attempt to depress x1 w be a "q well wor?y ( our consid]ation4 ,mr4 ,,%]man 7( ,conn47 obs]v$1 t ! petition]s f ,new ,york1 /at$ t !y _h appli$ to ! legislature ( t ,/ate1 to prohibit c]ta9 practices :i* !y conceiv$ to be improp]1 & :i* t5d$ to injure ! well-be+ ( ! community2 t ! legislature _h consid]$ ! application1 b _h appli$ no rem$y1 because !y suppos$ t p[] 0 exclusively ve/$ 9 ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 "u ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 x w\ld1 !re=e1 be prop] to commit t petition1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :at 7 ! p[]s ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 9 ! case d\bt$ by ! legislature ( ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,,g]ry 7( ,mass47 ?\ght g5tlem5 7 out ( ord] 9 ent]+ ^u ! m]its ( ! ma9 "q at ?is "t1 :5 !y 7 consid]+ ! exp$i5cy ( committ+ ! petition2 he %\ld1 !re=e1 n foll[ !m fur!r 9 t track ?an b>ely to obs]ve1 t x 0 ! "r ( ! citiz5s to apply = r$ress1 9 e case !y conceiv$ !mselves aggriev$ 92 & x 0 ! duty ( ,congress to af=d r$ress z f> z is 9 _! p[]4 ,t _! ,s\!rn bre?r5 _h be5 betray$ into ! slave trade by ! fir/ settl]s1 0 to be lam5t$2 !y 7 n to be reflect$ on = n view+ ?is subject 9 a diff]5t light1 ! prejudice ( education is eradicat$ ) difficulty2 b he ?\ght no?+ w\ld excuse ! g5]al gov]nm5t = n ex]t+ itself to prev5t1 z f> z !y con/itutionally c\ld1 ! evils result+ f su* enormities z 7 allud$ to by ! petition]s2 & ! same consid]ations induc$ him highly to comm5d ! "p ! society ( ,fri5ds _h tak52 x 0 ! cause ( humanity !y _h int]e/$ !mselves 91 & he wi%$1 ) !m1 to see measures pursu$ by e nation1 to wipe (f ! indelible /a9 :i* ! slave trade _h br\ght ^u all :o 7 conc]n$ 9 x4 ,mr4 ,,madison 7( ,va47 ?\ght ! "q be=e ! committee 0 no o!rwise important ?an z g5tlem5 made x s by _! s]i\s opposition4 ,did !y p]mit ! commitm5t ( ! ,memorial1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 no notice w\ld be tak5 ( x out ( doors2 x c\ld nev] be bl[n up into a decision ( ! "q respect+ ! disc\ragem5t ( ! ,african slave trade1 nor al>m ! own]s ) an appreh5sion t ! g5]al gov]nm5t 7 ab\t to aboli% slav]y 9 all ! ,/ates2 su* ?+s are n contemplat$ by any g5tleman2 b1 to appe>ance1 !y decide ! "q m aga9/ !mselves ?an w\ld be ! case if x 0 det]m9$ on its real m]its1 because g5tlem5 may be dispos$ to vote = ! commitm5t ( a petition1 )\t any int5tion ( support+ ! pray] ( x4 ,mr4 ,,:ite 7( ,va47 w\ld n h second$ ! motion1 if he _h ?\ght x w\ld h br\ght on a l5g?y debate4 ,he conceiv$ t a bus9ess ( ?is k9d ought to be decid$ )\t mu* discussion2 x _h con/antly be5 ! practice ( ! h\se1 & he did n suppose !re 0 any reason = a deviation4 ,mr4 ,,page 7( ,va47 said1 if ! memorial _h be5 pres5t$ by any individual1 in/ead ( ! respectable body x 01 he %\ld h vot$ 9 favor ( a commitm5t1 because x 0 ! duty ( ! legislature to att5d to subjects br\ght be=e !m by _! con/itu5ts2 if1 ^u inquiry1 x 0 discov]$ to be improp] to comply ) ! pray] ( ! petition]s1 he w\ld say s1 & !y w\ld be satisfi$4 ,mr4 ,,/one 7( ,md47 ?\ght ! bus9ess ought to be left to take its usual c\rse2 by ! rules ( ! h\se1 x 0 expressly decl>$1 t petitions1 memorials1 & o!r pap]s1 address$ to ! h\se1 %\ld n be debat$ or decid$ on ! day !y 7 fir/ read4 ,mr4 ,,baldw9 7( ,ga47 felt at a loss to acc\nt :y precipitation 0 us$ on ?is occasion1 contr>y to ! cu/om>y usage ( ! h\se2 he _h n he>d a s+le reason advanc$ 9 favor ( x4 ,to be sure x 0 said ! petition]s are a respectable body ( m5--he did n d5y x--b1 c]ta9ly1 g5tlem5 did n suppose !y 7 pay+ respect to !m1 or to ! h\se1 :5 !y urg$ su* a ha/y proc$ure2 anyh[ x 0 contr>y to 8 idea ( respect1 & ! idea ! h\se _h always express$1 :5 !y _h important subjects "u consid]ation2 &1 !re=e1 he %\ld be aga9/ ! motion4 ,he 0 afraid t !re 0 really a little volunte]+ 9 ?is bus9ess1 z x _h be5 t]m$ by ! g5tleman f ,georgia4 ,mr4 ,,hunt+ton 7( ,conn47 consid]$ ! petition]s z mu* dis9t]e/$ z any p]son 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 he 0 p]suad$ !y _h an av]sion to slav]y2 yet !y 7 n s+ul> 9 ?is1 o!rs _h ! same2 & he hop$ :5 ,congress took up ! subject1 !y w\ld g z f> z possible to prohibit ! evil compla9$ (4 ,b he ?\ght t w\ld bett] be done by consid]+ x 9 ! light ( rev5ue4 ,:5 ! committee ( ! :ole1 on ! f9ance bus9ess1 came to ! ways & means1 x might prop]ly be tak5 into consid]ation1 )\t giv+ any gr\nd = al>m4 ,mr4 ,,tuck]1 7( ,s4,c47 ,i h no d\bt on my m9d respect+ :at ought to be done on ?is occasion2 s f> f committ+ ! memorial1 we ought to dismiss x )\t fur!r notice4 ,:at is ! purport ( ! memorial8 ,x is pla9ly ?is2 to reprobate a p>ticul> k9d ( comm]ce1 9 a moral view1 & to reque/ ! int]position ( ,congress to effect its abrogation4 ,b ,congress h no au?ority1 "u ! con/itution1 to d m ?an lay a duty ( t5 doll>s ^u ea* p]son import$2 & ?is is a political consid]ation1 n aris+ f ei!r religion or morality1 & is ! only pr9ciple ^u :i* we c proce$ to take x up4 ,b :at effect d ^! m5 suppose w arise f _! ex]tions8 ,w a duty ( t5 doll>s dim9i% ! importation8 ,w ! treatm5t be bett] ?an usual8 ,i appreh5d x w n1 nay1 x may be worse4 ,because an int]f]5ce ) ! subject may excite a great degree ( re/lessness 9 ! m9ds ( ^? x is int5d$ to s]ve1 & t may be a cause = ! ma/]s to use m rigor t[>ds !m1 ?an !y w\ld o!rwise ex]t2 s t ^! m5 seem to ov]%oot _! object4 ,b if !y w endeavor to procure ! abolition ( ! slave trade1 let !m pref] _! petitions to ! ,/ate legislatures1 :o alone h ! p[] ( =bidd+ ! importation2 ,i believe _! applications !re w\ld be improp]2 b if !y are any :]e prop]1 x is !re4 ,i look ^u ! address !n to be ill-judg$1 h[ev] good ! int5tion ( ! fram]s4 ,mr4 ,,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 claim$ x z a "r1 t ! petition %\ld lay ov] till to-morr[4 ,mr4 ,,b\d9ot 7( ,n4,j47 said x 0 n unusual to commit petitions on ! day !y 7 pres5t$2 & ! rules ( ! h\se admitt$ ! practice1 by ! qualification :i* foll[$ ! positive ord]1 t petitions %\ld n be decid$ on ! day !y 7 fir/ read1 unless :]e ! h\se %all direct o!rwise4 ,mr4 ,,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 decl>$ 8 int5tion ( call+ ! yeas & nays1 if g5tlem5 p]si/$ 9 press+ ! "q4 ,mr4 ,,clym] 7( ,p5n47 hop$ ! motion w\ld be )drawn = ! pres5t1 & ! bus9ess tak5 up 9 c\rse to-morr[2 because1 ?\gh he respect$ ! memoriali/s1 he also respect$ ord] & ! situation ( ! memb]s4 ,mr4 ,,fitzsimons 7( ,p5n47 did n recollect :e!r he mov$ or second$ ! motion1 b if he _h1 he %\ld n )draw x on acc\nt ( ! ?reat ( call+ ! yeas & nays4 ,mr4 ,,baldw9 7( ,ga47 hop$ ! bus9ess w\ld be conduct$ ) temp] & mod]ation1 & t g5tlem5 w\ld conc$e & pass ! subject ov] = a day at lea/4 ,mr4 ,,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 _h no idea ( hold+ out a ?reat to any g5tleman4 ,if ! decl>ation ( an int5tion to call ! yeas & nays 0 view$ by g5tlem5 9 t light1 he w\ld )draw t call4 ,mr4 ,,:ite 7( ,va47 h]eupon )drew 8 motion4 ,& ! address 0 ord]$ to lie on ! table4 ,,febru>y #ab?1 #agij4 ,! foll[+ memorial 0 pres5t$ & read3 ,to ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,! memorial ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,society = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 ! relief ( free negroes unlawfully held 9 bondage1 & ! improvem5t ( ! condition ( ! ,african race1 respectfully %[e?3 ,t f a reg>d = ! happ9ess ( mank9d1 an association 0 =m$ sev]al ye>s s9ce 9 ?is ,/ate1 by a numb] ( h] citiz5s1 ( v>i\s religi\s d5om9ations1 = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 & = ! relief ( ^? unlawfully held 9 bondage4 ,a j & acute conception ( ! true pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 z x spread ?r\gh ! l&1 produc$ accessions to _! numb]s1 _m fri5ds to _! cause1 & a legislative coop]ation ) _! views1 :i*1 by ! bless+ ( ,div9e ,provid5ce1 h be5 successfully direct$ to ! reliev+ f bondage a l>ge numb] ( _! fell[ creatures ( ! ,african race4 ,!y h also ! satisfaction to obs]ve1 t1 9 consequ5ce ( t _s ( philan?ropy & g5u9e lib]ty :i* is g5]ally diffus+ its b5eficial influ5ce1 simil> in/itutions are =m+ at home & abroad4 ,t mank9d are all =m$ by ! same ,almighty ,be+1 alike objects ( 8 c>e1 & equally design$ = ! enjoym5t ( happ9ess1 ! ,*ri/ian religion tea*es u to believe1 & ! political cre$ ( ,am]icans fully co9cides ) ! position4 ,y\r memoriali/s1 p>ticul>ly engag$ 9 att5d+ to ! di/resses aris+ f slav]y1 believe x _! indisp5sable duty to pres5t ?is subject to y\r notice4 ,!y h obs]v$ ) real satisfaction1 t _m important & salut>y p[]s are ve/$ 9 y = 'promot+ ! welf>e & secur+ ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2' & z !y conceive1 t ^! bless+s ought rightfully to be adm9i/]$ )\t di/9ction ( color1 to all descriptions ( p1 s !y indulge !mselves 9 ! pleas+ expectation1 t no?+ :i* c be done = ! relief ( ! unhappy objects ( _! c>e1 w be ei!r omitt$ or delay$4 ,f a p]suasion t equal lib]ty 0 orig9ally ! portion1 & is /ill ! bir?-"r ( all m51 & influ5c$ by ! /rong ties ( humanity & ! pr9ciples ( _! in/itution1 y\r memoriali/s conceiv$ !mselves b\nd to use all ju/ifiable endeavors to loos5 ! b&s ( slav]y1 & promote a g5]al enjoym5t ( ! bless+s ( fre$om4 ,"u ^! impressions1 !y e>ne/ly entreat y\r s]i\s att5tion to ! subject ( slav]y2 t y w be pleas$ to c\nt5ance ! re/oration ( lib]ty to ^? unhappy m51 :o alone1 9 ?is l& ( fre$om1 are degrad$ into p]petual bondage1 & :o1 amid/ ! g5]al joy ( surr\nd+ freem51 are groan+ 9 s]vile subjection2 t y w devise means = remov+ ?is inconsi/5cy f ! "* ( ! ,am]ican p2 t y w promote m]cy & ju/ice t[>ds ?is di/ress$ race1 & t y w /ep to ! v v]ge ( ! p[] ve/$ 9 y1 = disc\rag+ e species ( traffic 9 ! p]sons ( our fell[-m54 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 ,presid5t4 ,,philadelphia1 ,febru>y #c1 #agij4 ,mr4 ,,h>tley 7( ,p5n47 !n call$ up ! memorial pres5t$ ye/]day1 f ! annual meet+ ( ,fri5ds at ,philadelphia1 = a second read+2 :]eupon ! same 0 read a second "t1 & mov$ to be committ$4 ,mr4 ,,tuck] 7( ,s4,c47 0 sorry ! petition _h a second read+1 z he conceiv$ x conta9$ an uncon/itutional reque/1 & f t consid]ation he wi%$ x ?r[n aside4 ,he fe>$ ! commitm5t ( x w\ld be a v al>m+ circum/ance to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates2 = if ! object 0 to engage ,congress 9 an uncon/itutional measure1 x w\ld be consid]$ z an int]f]5ce ) _! rights1 ! p w\ld become v uneasy "u ! gov]nm5t1 & lam5t t !y ev] put additional p[]s into _! h&s4 ,he 0 surpris$ to see ano!r memorial on ! same subject1 & t sign$ by a man :o ought to h kn[n ! con/itution bett]4 ,he ?\ght x a mis*iev\s attempt1 z x respect$ ! p]sons 9 ^: favor x 0 int5d$4 ,x w\ld buoy !m up ) hopes1 )\t a f\ndation1 & z !y c\ld n reason on ! subject1 z m enlight5$ m5 w\ld1 !y might be l$ to d :at !y w\ld be puni%$ =1 & ! own]s ( !m1 9 _! own def5ce1 w\ld be compell$ to ex]cise ov] !m a sev]ity !y 7 n accu/om$ to4 ,d ^! m5 expect a g5]al emancipation ( slaves by law8 ,?is w\ld nev] be submitt$ to by ! ,s\!rn ,/ates )\t a civil w>4 ,d !y mean to pur*ase _! fre$om8 ,he believ$ _! money w\ld fall %ort ( ! price4 ,b h[ is x !y are m conc]n$ 9 ?is bus9ess ?an o!rs8 ,are !y ! only p]sons :o possess religion & morality8 ,if ! p are n s exempl>y1 c]ta9ly !y w admit ! cl]gy are2 :y !n d we n f9d !m unit+ 9 a body1 pray+ u to adopt measures = ! promotion ( religion & piety1 or any moral object8 ,!y "k x w\ld be an improp] int]f]5ce2 & to say ! be/ ( ?is memorial1 x is an act ( imprud5ce1 :i* he hop$ w\ld receive no c\nt5ance f ! h\se4 ,mr4 ,,s5ey 7( ,md47 d5i$ t !re 0 any?+ uncon/itutional 9 ! memorial1 at lea/1 if !re 01 x _h escap$ 8 att5tion1 & he %\ld be oblig$ to ! g5tleman to po9t x out4 ,its only object 01 t congress %\ld ex]cise _! con/itutional au?ority1 to abate ! horrors ( slav]y1 z f> z !y c\ld3 ,inde$1 he consid]$ t all alt]cation on ! subject ( commitm5t 0 at an end1 z ! h\se _h impli$ly det]m9$ ye/]day t x %\ld be committ$4 ,mr4 ,,burke 7( ,s4,c47 saw ! disposition ( ! h\se1 & he fe>$ x w\ld be ref]r$ to a committee1 maugre all _! opposition2 b he mu/ insi/ t x pray$ = an uncon/itutional measure4 ,did x n desire congress to int]f]e & aboli% ! slave trade1 :ile ! con/itution expressly /ipulat$ t congress %\ld ex]cise no su* p[]8 ,he 0 c]ta9 ! commitm5t w\ld s\nd an al>m1 & bl[ ! trumpet ( s$ition 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,he 0 sorry to see ! petition]s paid m att5tion to ?an ! con/itution2 h[ev]1 he w\ld d 8 duty1 & oppose ! bus9ess totally2 & if x 0 ref]r$ to a committee1 z m5tion$ ye/]day1 consi/+ ( a memb] f ea* ,/ate1 & he 0 appo9t$1 he w\ld decl9e s]v+4 ,mr4 ,,scott1 7( ,p5n47 ,i c't ent]ta9 a d\bt b ! memorial is /rictly agreeable to ! con/itution3 x respects a "p ( ! duty p>ticul>ly assign$ to u by t in/rum5t1 & ,i hope we may1 be incl9$ to take x into consid]ation4 ,we c1 at pres5t1 lay our h&s ^u a small duty ( t5 doll>s4 ,i w\ld take ?is1 & if x is all we c d1 we mu/ be cont5t4 ,b ,i am sorry t ! fram]s ( ! con/itution did n g f>!r & enable u to int]dict x = good & all2 = ,i look ^u ! slave-trade to be "o ( ! mo/ abom9able ?+s on e>?2 & if !re 0 nei!r ,god nor devil1 ,i %\ld oppose x ^u ! pr9ciples ( humanity & ! law ( nature4 ,i _c1 = my "p1 conceive h[ any p]son c be said to acquire a prop]ty 9 ano!r2 is x by virtue ( conque/8 ,:at are ! rights ( conque/8 ,"s h d>$ to advance ?is mon/r\s pr9ciple1 t ! conqu]or is absolute ma/] ( 8 conque/2 t he may dispose ( x z 8 prop]ty1 & treat x z he pleases2 b en\gh ( ^? :o r$uce m5 to ! /ate ( transf]able goods1 or use !m l bea/s ( burd52 :o deliv] !m up z ! prop]ty or patrimony ( ano!r man4 ,let u argue on pr9ciples c\nt5anc$ by reason & becom+ humanity2 ! petition]s view ! subject 9 a religi\s light1 b ,i d n /& 9 ne$ ( religi\s motives to induce me to reprobate ! traffic 9 human fle%2 o!r consid]ations weigh ) me to support ! commitm5t ( ! memorial1 & to support e con/itutional measure likely to br+ ab\t its total abolition4 ,p]haps1 9 our legislative capacity1 we c g no fur!r ?an to impose a duty ( t5 doll>s1 b ,i d n "k h[ f> ,i might g1 if ,i 0 "o ( ! judges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ^? p 7 to come be=e me & claim _! emancipation2 b ,i am sure ,i w\ld g z f> z ,i c\ld4 ,mr4 ,,jackson 7( ,ga47 diff]$ ) ! g5tleman la/ up1 & suppos$ ! ma/] _h a qualifi$ prop]ty 9 8 slave2 he said ! contr>y doctr9e w\ld g to ! de/ruction ( e species ( p]sonal s]vice4 ,! g5tleman said he did n /& 9 ne$ ( religion to induce him to reprobate slav]y1 b if he is guid$ by t evid5ce1 :i* ! ,*ri/ian sy/em is f\nd$ ^u1 he w f9d t religion is n aga9/ x2 he w see1 f ,g5esis to ,revelation1 ! curr5t sett+ /rong t way4 ,!re nev] 0 a gov]nm5t on ! face ( ! e>?1 b :at p]mitt$ slav]y4 ,! pure/ sons ( fre$om 9 ! ,grecian republics1 ! citiz5s ( ,a!ns & ,lac$aemon all held slaves4 ,on ?is pr9ciple ! nations ( ,europe are associat$2 x is ! basis ( ! feudal sy/em4 ,b suppose all ?is to h be5 wrong1 let me ask ! g5tleman1 if x is policy to br+ =w>d a bus9ess at ?is mom5t1 likely to light up a flame ( civil discord1 = ! p ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w resi/ "o tyranny z soon z ano!r2 ! o!r p>ts ( ! cont95t may be> !m d[n by =ce ( arms1 b !y w nev] suff] !mselves to be dive/$ ( _! prop]ty )\t a /ruggle4 ,! g5tleman says1 if he 0 a f$]al judge1 he does n "k to :at l5g? he w\ld g 9 emancipat+ ^! p2 b1 ,i believe 8 judgm5t w\ld be ( %ort duration 9 ,georgia2 p]haps ev5 ! exi/5ce ( su* a judge might be 9 dang]4 ,mr4 ,,%]man 7( ,conn47 c\ld see no difficulty 9 committ+ ! memorial2 because x 0 probable ! committee w\ld und]/& _! bus9ess1 & p]haps !y might br+ 9 su* a report z w\ld be satisfactory to g5tlem5 on bo? sides ( ! ,h\se4 ,mr4 ,,baldw9 7( ,ga47 0 sorry ! subject _h ev] be5 br\ght be=e ,congress1 because x 0 ( a delicate nature1 z x respect$ "s ( ! ,/ates4 ,g5tlem5 :o _h be5 pres5t at ! =mation ( ?is ,con/itution1 c\ld n avoid ! recollection ( ! pa9 & difficulty :i* ! subject caus$ 9 t body2 ! memb]s f ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 7 s t5d] ^u ?is po9t1 t !y _h well nigh brok5 up )\t com+ to any det]m9ation2 h[ev]1 f ! extreme desire ( pres]v+ ! ,union1 & obta9+ an effici5t gov]nm5t1 !y 7 induc$ mutually1 to conc$e1 & ! ,con/itution jeal\sly gu>d$ :at !y agre$ to4 ,if g5tlem5 look ov] ! foot/eps ( t body1 !y w f9d ! greate/ degree ( caution us$ to impr9t !m1 s z n to be easily eradicat$2 b ! mom5t we g to jo/le on t gr\nd1 said he1 ,i fe> we %all feel x tremble "u our feet4 ,congress h no p[] to int]f]e ) ! importation ( slaves1 beyond :at is giv5 9 ! #i? section ( ! fir/ article ( ! ,con/itution2 e ?+ else is int]dict$ to !m 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms4 ,if we exam9e ! ,con/itution1 we %all f9d ! expressions1 relative to ?is subject1 cauti\sly express$1 & m punctili\sly gu>d$ ?an any o!r "p4 ,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons1 %all n be prohibit$ by ,congress4 ,b le/ ?is %\ld n h secur$ ! object suffici5tly1 x is decl>$ 9 ! same section1 ,t no capitation or direct tax %all be laid1 unless 9 proportion to ! c5sus2 ?is 0 int5d$ to prev5t ,congress f lay+ any special tax ^u negro slaves1 z !y might1 9 ?is way1 s bur!n ! possessors ( !m1 z to induce a g5]al emancipation4 ,if we g on to ! #e? article1 we %all f9d ! #a/ & #e? clauses ( ! #i? section ( ! #a/ article re/ra9$ f be+ alt]$ be=e ! ye> #ahjh4 ,g5tlem5 h said1 t ?is petition does n pray = an abolition ( ! slave-trade2 ,i ?9k1 sir1 x prays = no?+ else1 & !re=e we h no m to d ) x1 ?an if x pray$ u to e/abli% an ord] ( nobility1 or a national religion4 ,mr4 ,,sylve/] 7( ,n4,y47 said t he _h always be5 9 ! habit ( respect+ ! society call$ ,quak]s2 he respect$ !m = _! ex]tions 9 ! cause ( humanity1 b he ?\ght ! pres5t 0 n a "t to ent] into a consid]ation ( ! subject1 especially z he conceiv$ x to be a bus9ess 9 ! prov9ce ( ! ,/ate legislatures4 ,mr4 ,,lawrance 7( ,n4,y47 obs]v$ t ! subject w\ld und\bt$ly come "u ! consid]ation ( ! h\se2 & he ?\ght1 t z x 0 n[ be=e !m1 t ! pres5t "t 0 z prop] z any2 he 0 !re=e = committ+ ! memorial2 & :5 ! pray] ( x _h be5 prop]ly exam9$1 !y c\ld see h[ f> ,congress may con/itutionally int]f]e2 z !y knew ! limits ( _! p[] on ?is1 z well z on e o!r occasion1 !re 0 no j appreh5sion to be ent]ta9$ t !y w\ld g beyond !m4 ,mr4 ,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 insi/$ t x 0 n 9 ! p[] ( ! ,h\se to brunt ! pray] ( ! petition1 :i* ev5t to ! total aboli%m5t ( ! slave-trade1 & x 0 !re=e unnecess>y to commit x4 ,he obs]v$1 t 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 difficulties _h aris5 on adopt+ ! ,con/itution1 inasmu* z x 0 appreh5d$1 t ,congress might take measures "u x = aboli%+ ! slave-trade4 ,p]haps ! petition]s1 :5 !y appli$ to ?is ,h\se1 did n ?9k _! object uncon/itutional1 b n[ !y are told t if is1 !y w be satisfi$ ) ! answ]1 & press x no fur!r4 ,if _! object _h be5 = ,congress to lay a duty ( t5 doll>s p] head on ! importation ( slaves1 !y w\ld h said s1 b t does n appe> to h be5 ! case2 ! commitm5t ( ! petition1 on t gr\nd1 _c be cont5d$2 if !y w n be cont5t ) t1 %all x be committ$ to inve/igate facts8 ,! petition speaks ( none2 = :at purpose !n %all x be committ$8 ,if g5tlem5 c assign no good reason = ! measure1 !y w n support x1 :5 !y are told t x w create great jeal\sies & al>m 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates2 = ,i c assure !m1 t !re is no po9t on :i* !y are m jeal\s & suspici\s1 ?an on a bus9ess ) :i* !y ?9k ! gov]nm5t has no?+ to d4 ,:5 we ent]$ into ?is ,conf$]acy1 we did x f political1 n f moral motives1 & ,i d n ?9k my con/itu5ts want to le>n morals f ! petition]s2 ,i d n believe !y want improvem5t 9 _! moral sy/em2 if !y d1 !y c get x at home4 ,! g5tleman f ,georgia1 has ju/ly /at$ ! jeal\sy ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,on ent]+ into ?is gov]nm5t1 !y appreh5d$ t ! o!r ,/ates1 n kn[+ ! necessity ! citiz5s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 7 "u to hold ?is species ( prop]ty1 w\ld1 f motives ( humanity & b5evol5ce1 be l$ to vote = a g5]al emancipation2 & _h !y n se5 t ! ,con/itution provid$ aga9/ ! effect ( su* a disposition1 ,i may be bold to say1 !y nev] w\ld h adopt$ x4 ,& not)/&+ all ! calumny's ) :i* "s g5tlem5 h view$ ! subject1 !y w f9d1 t ! discussion alone w create great al>m4 ,we h be5 told1 t if ! discussion w create al>m1 we ought to h avoid$ x1 by say+ no?+2 b x 0 n = t purpose t we 7 s5t "h2 we look ^u ?is measure z an attack ^u ! palladium ( ! prop]ty ( our c\ntry2 x is !re=e our duty to oppose x by e means 9 our p[]4 ,g5tlem5 %\ld consid] t :5 we ent]$ into a political connexion ) ! o!r ,/ates1 t ?is prop]ty 0 !re2 x 0 acquir$ "u a =m] gov]nm5t1 con=mably to ! laws & ,con/itution2 !re=e any?+ t w t5d to deprive !m ( t prop]ty1 mu/ be an ex po/ facto law1 & z su* is =bid by our political compact4 ,i said ! ,/ates w\ld nev] h ent]$ into ! conf$]ation1 unless _! prop]ty _h be5 gu>ante$ to !m1 = su* is ! /ate ( agriculture 9 t c\nty1 t )\t slaves x mu/ be depopulat$4 ,:y w ^! p !n make use ( argum5ts to induce ! slave to turn 8 h& aga9/ 8 ma/]8 ,we labor "u difficulties en\gh f ! ravages ( ! late w>4 ,a g5tleman c h>dly come f t c\ntry1 ) a s]vant or two1 ei!r to ?is place or ,philadelphia1 b :at !re are p]sons try+ to s$uce 8 s]vants to leave him2 &1 :5 !y h done ?is1 ! poor wret*es are oblig$ to rob _! ma/] 9 ord] to obta9 a subsi/5ce2 all ^?1 !re=e1 :o are conc]n$ 9 ?is s$uction1 are access>ies to ! robb]y4 ,! reproa*es :i* !y ca/ ^u ! own]s ( negro prop]ty1 is *>g+ !m ) ! want ( humanity2 ,i believe ! proprietors are p]sons ( z mu* humanity z any "p ( ! cont95t & are z conspicu\s = _! good morals z _! neighbors4 ,x 0 said ye/]day1 t ! ,quak]s 7 a society kn[n to ! laws1 & ! ,con/itution1 b !y are no m s ?an o!r religi\s societies2 !y /ood exactly 9 ! same situation2 _! memorial1 !re=e1 relates to a matt] 9 :i* !y are no m int]e/$ ?an any o!r sect1 & c only be consid]$ z a piece ( advice2 x is cu/om>y to ref] a piece ( advice to a committee1 b if x is suppos$ to pray = :at !y ?9k a moral purpose1 is t suffici5t to induce u to commit x8 ,:at may appe> a moral virtue 9 _! eyes1 may n be s 9 reality4 ,i h he>d ( a sect ( ,%ak+ ,quak]s1 :o1 ,i presume1 suppose _! t5ets ( a moral t5d5cy2 ,i am in=m$ "o ( !m =bids to int]m>ry1 yet 9 consequ5ce ( _! %ak+s & concussions1 y may see !m ) a num]\s (fspr+ ab\t !m4 ,n[1 if ^! p 7 to petition ,congress to pass a law prohibit+ matrimony1 ,i ask1 w\ld g5tlem5 agree to ref] su* a petition8 ,i ?9k if !y w\ld reject "o ( t nature1 z improp]1 !y ought also to reject ?is4 ,mr4 ,,page 7( ,va47 0 9 favor ( ! commitm5t2 he hop$ t ! designs ( ! respectable memoriali/s w\ld n be /opp$ at ! ?re%old1 9 ord] to preclude a fair discussion ( ! pray] ( ! memorial4 ,he obs]v$ t g5tlem5 _h f\nd$ _! argum5ts ^u a misrepres5tation2 = ! object ( ! memorial 0 n decl>$ to be ! total abolition1 ( ! slave trade2 b t ,congress w\ld consid]1 :e!r x be n 9 reality )9 _! p[] to ex]cise ju/ice & m]cy1 :i*1 if adh]$ to1 !y _c d\bt mu/ produce ! abolition ( ! slave trade4 ,if !n ! pray] conta9$ no?+ uncon/itutional1 he tru/$ ! m]itori\s ef=t w\ld n be fru/rat$4 ,) respect to ! al>m t 0 appreh5d$1 he conjectur$ !re 0 none2 b !re might be j cause1 if ! memorial 0 n tak5 into consid]ation4 ,he plac$ himself 9 ! case ( a slave1 & said1 t on he>+ t ,congress _h refus$ to li/5 to ! dec5t sugge/ions ( a respectable "p ( ! community1 he %\ld inf]1 t ! g5]al gov]nm5t 7f :i* 0 expect$ great good w\ld result to e class ( citiz5s7 _h %ut _! e>s aga9/ ! voice ( humanity1 & he %\ld despair ( any alleviation ( ! mis]ies he & 8 po/]ity _h 9 prospect2 if any?+ c\ld induce him to rebel1 x mu/ be a /roke l ?is1 impress+ on 8 m9d all ! horrors ( despair4 ,b if he 0 told1 t application 0 made 9 8 behalf & t ,congress 7 will+ to he> :at c\ld be urg$ 9 favor ( disc\rag+ ! practice ( import+ 8 fell[-wret*es1 he w\ld tru/ 9 _! ju/ice & humanity1 & wait ! decision pati5tly4 ,he presum$ t ^! un=tunate p w\ld reason 9 ! same way2 & he1 !re=e1 conceiv$ ! mo/ likely way to prev5t dang]1 0 to commit ! petition4 ,he liv$ 9 a ,/ate :i* _h ! mis=tune ( hav+ 9 h] bosom a great numb] ( slaves1 he held _m ( !m himself1 & 0 z mu* int]e/$ 9 ! bus9ess1 he believ$1 z any g5tleman 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a or ,georgia1 yet1 if he 0 det]m9$ to hold !m 9 et]nal bondage1 he %\ld feel no uneas9ess or al>m on acc\nt ( ! pres5t measure1 because he %\ld rely ^u ! virtue ( ,congress1 t !y w\ld n ex]cise any uncon/itutional au?ority4 ,mr4 ,,madison 7( ,va47 ,! debate has tak5 a s]i\s turn1 & x w be ow+ to ?is alone if an al>m is creat$2 = _h ! memorial be5 treat$ 9 ! usual way1 x w\ld h be5 consid]$ z a matt] ( c\rse1 & a report might h be5 made1 s z to h giv5 g5]al satisfaction4 ,if !re 0 ! slighte/ t5d5cy by ! commitm5t to break 9 ^u ! ,con/itution1 he w\ld object to x2 b he did n see ^u :at gr\nd su* an ev5t 0 to be appreh5d$4 ,! petition pray$1 9 g5]al t]ms1 = ! int]f]5ce ( ,congress1 s f> z !y 7 con/itutionally au?oriz$2 b ev5 if its pray] 01 9 "s degree1 uncon/itutional1 x might be committ$1 z 0 ! case on ,mr4 ,*ur*man's petition1 "o "p ( :i* 0 suppos$ to apply = an uncon/itutional int]f]5ce by ! g5]al gov]nm5t4 ,he admitt$ t ,congress 0 re/rict$ by ! ,con/itution f tak+ measures to aboli% ! slave trade2 yet !re 7 a v>iety ( ways by :i* !y c\ld c\nt5ance ! abolition1 & !y might make "s regulations respect+ ! introduction ( !m into ! new ,/ates1 to be =m$ out ( ! ,we/]n ,t]ritory1 diff]5t f :at !y c\ld 9 ! old settl$ ,/ates4 ,he ?\ght ! object well wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,mr4 ,,g]ry 7( ,mass47 ?\ght ! int]f]5ce ( ,congress fully compatible ) ! ,con/itution1 & c\ld n help lam5t+ ! mis]ies to :i* ! natives ( ,africa 7 expos$ by ?is inhuman comm]ce2 & said t he nev] contemplat$ ! subject1 )\t reflect+ :at 8 own feel+s w\ld be1 9 case himself1 8 *ildr51 or fri5ds1 7 plac$ 9 ! same deplorable circum/ances4 ,he !n adv]t$ to ! flagrant acts ( cruelty :i* are committ$ 9 c>ry+ on t traffic2 & ask$ :e!r x c be suppos$1 t ,congress has no p[] to prev5t su* transactions8 ,he !n ref]r$ to ! ,con/itution1 & po9t$ out ! re/rictions laid on ! g5]al gov]nm5t respect+ ! importation ( slaves4 ,x 0 n1 he presum$1 9 ! contemplation ( any g5tleman 9 ?is h\se to violate t "p ( ! ,con/itution2 b t we h a "r to regulate ?is bus9ess1 is z cle> z t we h any rights :atev]2 nor has ! contr>y be5 %[n by any p]son :o has spok5 on ! occasion4 ,congress c1 agreeable to ! ,con/itution1 lay a duty ( t5 doll>s on import$ slaves2 !y may d ?is imm$iately4 ,he made a calculation ( ! value ( ! slaves 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & suppos$ !y might be wor? t5 millions ( doll>s2 ,congress h a "r1 if !y see prop]1 to make a proposal to ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to pur*ase ! :ole ( !m1 & _! res\rces 9 ! ,we/]n ,t]ritory may furni% !m ) means4 ,he did n int5d to sugge/ a measure ( ?is k9d1 he only in/anc$ ^! p>ticul>s1 to %[ t ,congress c]ta9ly h a "r to int]m$dle 9 ! bus9ess4 ,he ?\ght t no objection _h be5 (f]$1 ( any =ce1 to prev5t ! commitm5t ( ! memorial4 ,mr4 ,,b\d9ot 7( ,n4,j47 _h c>efully exam9$ ! petition1 & f\nd no?+ l :at 0 compla9$ ( by g5tlem51 conta9$ 9 x2 he1 !re=e1 hop$ !y w\ld )draw _! opposition1 & suff] x to be committ$4 ,mr4 ,,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 said1 t z ! petition]s _h p>ticul>ly pray$ ,congress to take measures = ! annihilation ( ! slave trade1 & t 0 admitt$ on all h&s to be beyond _! p[]1 & z ! petition]s w\ld n be gratifi$ by a tax ( t5 doll>s p] head1 :i* 0 all t 0 )9 _! p[]1 !re 01 ( consequ5ce1 no occasion = committ+ x4 ,mr4 ,,/one 7( ,md47 ?\ght ?is memorial a ?+ ( c\rse2 = !re nev] 0 a society1 ( any consid]able ext5t1 :i* did n int]f]e ) ! conc]ns ( o!r p1 & ?is k9d ( int]f]5ce1 :5ev] x has happ5$1 has nev] fail$ to deluge ! c\ntry 9 blood3 on ?is pr9ciple he 0 oppos$ to ! commitm5t4 ,! "q on ! commitm5t be+ ab\t to be put1 ! yeas & nays 7 call$ =1 & are z foll[s3-- ,yeas4--,messrs4 ,ames1 ,b5son1 ,b\d9ot1 ,br[n1 ,cadwallad]1 ,clym]1 ,fitzsimons1 ,floyd1 ,fo/]1 ,gale1 ,g]ry1 ,gilman1 ,goodhue1 ,griff91 ,gr\t1 ,h>tley1 ,ha?orne1 ,hei/]1 ,hunt+ton1 ,lawrance1 ,lee1 ,leon>d1 ,liv]more1 ,madison1 ,moore1 ,muhl5b]g1 ,page1 ,p>k]1 ,p>tridge1 ,r5ssella]1 ,s*ureman1 ,scott1 ,s$gwick1 ,s5ey1 ,%]man1 ,s9nickson1 ,smi? ( ,m>yl&1 ,/urges1 ,?at*]1 ,trumbull1 ,wadswor?1 ,:ite1 & ,wynkoop--#ic4 ,noes4--,messrs4 ,baldw91 ,bl&1 ,b\rke1 ,coles1 ,hug]1 ,jackson1 ,ma!ws1 ,sylve/]1 ,smi? ( ,s4,c41 ,/one1 & ,tuck]--#aa4 ,:]eupon x 0 det]m9$ 9 ! affirmative2 & on motion1 ! petition ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 at ,new ,york1 & ! memorial f ! ,p5nsylvania ,society1 = ! abolition ( slav]y1 7 also ref]r$ to a committee4 ,debate on ,committee's ,report1 ,m>* #agij4 ,,eliot',s ,,debates4 ,mr4 ,,tuck] mov$ to modify ! fir/ p>agraph by /rik+ out all ! words aft] ! ^w op9ion1 & to ins]t ! foll[+3 t ! sev]al memorials propos$ to ! consid]ation ( ?is h\se1 a subject on :i* its int]f]5ce w\ld be uncon/itutional1 & ev5 its delib]ations highly injuri\s to "s ( ! ,/ates 9 ! ,union4 ,mr4 ,,jackson rose & obs]v$1 t he _h be5 sil5t on ! subject ( ! reports com+ be=e ! committee1 because he wi%$ ! pr9ciples ( ! resolutions to be exam9$ fairly1 & to be decid$ on _! true gr\nds4 ,he 0 aga9/ ! propositions g5]ally1 & w\ld exam9e ! policy1 ! ju/ice & ! use ( !m1 & he hop$1 if he c\ld make !m appe> 9 ! same light to o!rs z !y did to him by fair argum5t1 t ! g5tlem5 9 opposition 7 n s det]m9$ 9 _! op9ions z n to give up _! pres5t s5tim5ts4 ,) respect to ! policy ( ! measure1 ! situation ( ! slaves "h1 _! situation 9 _! native ,/ates1 & ! disposal ( !m 9 case ( emancipation1 %\ld be consid]$4 ,t slav]y 0 an evil habit1 he did n mean to controv]t2 b t habit 0 already e/abli%$1 & !re 7 peculi> situations 9 c\ntries :i* r5d]$ t habit necess>y4 ,su* situations ! ,/ates ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia 7 9--l>ge tracts ( ! mo/ f]tile l&s on ! cont95t rema9$ uncultivat$ = ! want ( population4 ,x 0 frequ5tly advanc$ on ! floor ( ,congress1 h[ unheal?y ^? climates 71 & h[ impossible x 0 = nor!rn con/itutions to exi/ !re4 ,:at1 he ask$1 is to be done ) ?is uncultivat$ t]ritory8 ,is x to rema9 a wa/e8 ,is ! rice trade to be bani%$ f our coa/s8 ,are ,congress will+ to deprive !mselves ( ! rev5ue aris+ f t trade1 & :i* is daily increas+1 & to ?r[ ?is great advantage into ! h&s ( o!r c\ntries8 ,let u exam9e ! use or ! b5efit ( ! resolutions conta9$ 9 ! report4 ,i call ^u g5tlem5 to give me "o s+le in/ance 9 :i* !y c be ( s]vice4 ,!y are ( no use to ,congress4 ,! p[]s ( t body are already def9$1 & ^? p[]s _c be am5d$1 confirm$ or dim9i%$ by t5 ?\s& resolutions4 ,is n ! fir/ proposition ( ! report fully conta9$ 9 ! ,con/itution8 ,is n t ! guide & rule ( ?is legislature4 ,a multiplicity ( laws is reprobat$ 9 any society1 & t5d b to conf\nd & p]plex4 ,h[ /range w\ld a law appe> :i* 0 to confirm a law2 & h[ mu* m /range mu/ x appe> = ?is body to pass resolutions to confirm ! ,con/itution "u :i* !y sit6 ,?is is ! case ) o!rs ( ! resolutions4 ,a g5tleman f ,m>yl& 7,mr4 ,,/one17 v prop]ly obs]v$1 t ! ,union _h receiv$ ! diff]5t ,/ates ) all _! ill habits ab\t !m4 ,?is 0 "o ( ^! habits e/abli%$ long be=e ! ,con/itution1 & c\ld n n[ be rem$i$4 ,he begg$ ,congress to reflect on ! numb] on ! cont95t :o 7 oppos$ to ?is ,con/itution1 & on ! numb] :i* yet rema9$ 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,! violation ( ?is compact !y w\ld seize on ) avidity2 !y w\ld make a h&le ( x to cov] _! designs aga9/ ! gov]nm5t1 & _m good f$]ali/s1 :o w\ld be injur$ by ! measure1 w\ld be induc$ to jo9 !m3 8 he>t 0 truly f$]al1 & x always _h be5 s1 & he wi%$ ^? designs fru/rat$4 ,he begg$ ,congress to bew>e be=e !y w5t too f>3 he call$ on !m to att5d to ! int]e/s ( two :ole ,/ates1 z well z to ! memorials ( a society ( ,quak]s1 :o came =w>d to bl[ ! trumpet ( s$ition1 & to de/roy t ,con/itution :i* !y _h n 9 ! lea/ contribut$ by p]sonal s]vice or supply to e/abli%4 ,he second$ ,mr4 ,,tuck]',s motion4 ,mr4 ,,smi? 7( ,s4,c47 said1 ! g5tlem5 f ,massa*usetts1 7,mr4 ,,g]ry17 _h decl>$ t x 0 ! op9ion ( ! select committee1 ( :i* he 0 a memb]1 t ! memorial ( ! ,p5nsylvania society1 requir$ ,congress to violate ! ,con/itution4 ,x 0 n less a/oni%+ to see ,dr4 ,,frankl9 tak+ ! lead 9 a bus9ess :i* looks s mu* l a p]secution ( ! ,s\!rn inhabitants1 :5 he recollect$ ! p>able he _h writt5 "s "t ago1 ) a view ( %[+ ! impropriety ( "o set ( m5 p]secut+ o!rs = a diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,! p>able 0 to ?is effect3 an old travell]1 hungry & we>y1 appli$ to ! patri>* ,abraham = a night's lodg+4 ,9 conv]sation1 ,abraham discov]$ t ! /rang] diff]$ ) him on religi\s po9ts1 & turn$ him out ( doors4 ,9 ! night ,god appe>$ unto ,abraham1 & said1 :]e is ! /rang]8 ,abraham answ]$1 ,i f\nd t he did n wor%ip ! true ,god1 & s ,i turn$ him out ( doors4 ,! ,almighty ?us rebuk$ ! patri>*3 ,h ,i borne ) him ?ree-score & t5 ye>s1 & c\ld/ ?\ n be> ) him "o night8 ,has ! ,almighty1 said ,mr4 ,,smi?1 borne ) u = m ?an ?ree-score ye>s & t53 he has ev5 made our c\ntry opul5t1 & %$ ! bless+s ( afflu5ce & prosp]ity on our l&1 not)/&+ all its slaves1 & mu/ we n[ be ru9$ on acc\nt ( ! t5d] consci5ces ( a few scrupul\s individuals :o diff] f u on ?is po9t8 ,mr4 ,,b\d9ot agre$ ) ! g5]al doctr9es ( ,mr4 ,s41 b c\ld n agree t ! clause 9 ! ,con/itution relat+ to ! want ( p[] 9 ,congress to prohibit ! importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates1 n[ exi/+1 %all ?9k prop] to admit1 prior to ! ye> #ahjh1 & au?oriz+ a tax or duty on su* importation n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son1 did n ext5d to negro slaves4 ,c&or requir$ t he %\ld ackn[l$ge t ?is 0 ! express design ( ! ,con/itution1 & !re=e ,congress c\ld n int]f]e 9 prohibit+ ! importation or promot+ ! emancipation ( !m1 prior to t p]iod4 ,mr4 ,,b\d9ot obs]v$1 t he 0 well in=m$ t ! tax or duty ( t5 doll>s 0 provid$1 in/ead ( ! five p] c5t ad valorem1 & 0 s expressly und]/ood by all p>ties 9 ! ,conv5tion2 t !re=e x 0 ! int]e/ & duty ( ,congress to impose ?is tax1 or x w\ld n be do+ ju/ice to ! ,/ates1 or equaliz+ ! duties ?r\gh\t ! ,union4 ,if ?is 0 n done1 m]*ants might br+ _! :ole capitals into ?is bran* ( trade1 & save pay+ any duties :atev]4 ,mr4 ,,b\d9ot obs]v$1 t ! g5tleman _h ov]look$ ! prophecy ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :]e he =etells t among o!r damnable h]esies1 ,?r\gh covet\sness %all !y ) feign$ words make m]*&ize ( y4 ,,note4--,?is petition1 ) o!rs ( a simil> object1 0 committ$ to a select committee2 t committee made a report2 ! report 0 ref]r$ to a committee ( ! :ole ,h\se1 & discuss$ on f\r successive days2 x 0 !n report$ to ! ,h\se ) am5dm5ts1 & by ! ,h\se ord]$ to be inscrib$ 9 its ,j\rnals1 & !n laid on ! table4 ,t report1 z am5d$ 9 committee1 is 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,! committee to :om 7 ref]r$ sundry memorials f ! p call$ ,quak]s1 & also a memorial f ! ,p5nsylvania ,society = promot+ ! abolition ( slav]y1 submit ! foll[+ report1 7z am5d$ 9 committee ( ! :ole47 ,fir/3 ,t ! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 _c be prohibit$ by ,congress prior to ! ye> #ahjh4 ,secondly3 ,t ,congress h no p[] to int]f]e 9 ! emancipation ( slaves1 or 9 ! treatm5t ( !m1 )9 any ( ! ,/ates2 x rema9+ ) ! sev]al ,/ates alone to provide any regulations !re9 :i* humanity & true policy may require4 ,?irdly3 ,t ,congress h au?ority to re/ra9 ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f c>ry+ on ! ,african ,slave trade1 = ! purpose ( supply+ =eign]s ) slaves1 & ( provid+ by prop] regulations = ! humane treatm5t1 dur+ _! passage1 ( slaves import$ by ! said citiz5s into ! ,/ates admitt+ su* importations4 ,f\r?ly3 ,t ,congress h also au?ority to prohibit =eign]s f fitt+ out vessels 9 any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = transport+ p]sons f ,africa to any =eign port4 ,,address ,,( ,,! ,,executive ,,committee ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society ,,to ,,! ,fri5ds ( ,fre$om & ,emancipation 9 ! ,u4 ,/ates4 ,at ! ,t5? ,anniv]s>y ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 held 9 ! city ( ,new-,york1 ,may #g?1 #ahdd1--;aft] grave delib]ation1 & a long & e>ne/ discussion1--x 0 decid$1 by a vote ( ne>ly ?ree to "o ( ! memb]s pres5t1 t fidelity to ! cause ( human fre$om1 hatr$ ( oppression1 sympa?y = ^? :o are held 9 *a9s & slav]y 9 ?is republic1 & allegiance to ,god1 require t ! exi/+ national compact %\ld be in/antly dissolv$2 t secession f ! gov]nm5t is a religi\s & political duty2 t ! motto inscrib$ on ! bann] ( ,fre$om %\ld be1 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s2 t x is impracticable = tyrants & ! enemies ( tyranny to coalesce & legislate toge!r = ! pres]vation ( human rights1 or ! promotion ( ! int]e/s ( ,lib]ty2 & t revolution>y gr\nd %\ld be occupi$ by all ^? :o abhor ! ?\ght ( do+ evil t good may come1 & :o d n mean to compromise ! pr9ciples ( ,ju/ice & ,humanity4 ,a decision involv+ su* mom5t\s consequ5ces1 s well calculat$ to />tle ! public m9d1 s ho/ile to ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s1 dem&s ( u1 z ! (ficial repres5tatives ( ! ,am]ican ,society1 a /atem5t ( ! reasons :i* l$ to x4 ,?is is due n only to ! ,society1 b also to ! c\ntry & ! _w4 ,x is decl>$ by ! ,am]ican p to be a self-evid5t tru?1 t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t !y are end[$ ,,by ,,_! ,,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among ^! are life1 ,,lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,x is fur!r ma9ta9$ by !m1 t all gov]nm5ts d]ive _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$2 t :5ev] any =m ( gov]nm5t becomes de/ructive ( human rights1 x is ! "r ( ! p to alt] or to aboli% x1 & in/itute a new gov]nm5t1 lay+ its f\ndation on su* pr9ciples1 & organiz+ its p[]s 9 su* =m1 z to !m %all seem mo/ likely to effect _! safety & happ9ess4 ,^! doctr9es ! patriots ( #aggf seal$ ) _! blood4 ,!y w\ld n brook ev5 ! m5ace ( oppression4 ,!y held t !re %\ld be no delay 9 resi/+1 at :atev] co/ or p]il1 ! fir/ encroa*m5ts ( p[] on _! lib]ties4 ,appeal+ to ! great ,rul] ( ! univ]se = ! rectitude ( _! c\rse1 !y pl$g$ to ea* o!r _! lives1 _! =tunes & _! sacr$ honor1 to conqu] or p]i% 9 _! /ruggle to be free4 ,= ! example :i* !y set to all p subject$ to a despotic sway1 & ! sacrifices :i* !y made1 _! desc5dants *]i% _! memories ) gratitude1 rev]5ce _! virtues1 honor _! de$s1 & glory 9 _! triumphs4 ,x is n necess>y1 !re=e1 = u to prove t a /ate ( slav]y is incompatible ) ! dictates ( reason & humanity2 or t x is lawful to ?r[ (f a gov]nm5t :i* is at w> ) ! sacr$ rights ( mank9d4 ,we reg>d ?is z inde$ a solemn crisis1 :i* requires ( e man sobriety ( ?\ght1 prophetic =eca/1 indep5d5t judgm5t1 inv9cible det]m9ation1 & a s\nd he>t4 ,a revolution>y /ep is "o t %\ld n be tak5 ha/ily1 nor foll[$ "u ! influ5ce ( impulsive imitation4 ,to "k :at _s !y are (--:e!r !y h c\nt$ ! co/ ( ! w>f>e--:at are ! pr9ciples !y advocate--& h[ !y are to a*ieve _! object--is ! fir/ duty ( revolutioni/s4 ,b1 :ile circumspection & prud5ce are excell5t qualities 9 e great em]g5cy1 !y become ! allies ( tyranny :5ev] !y re/ra9 prompt1 bold & decisive action aga9/ x4 ,we *>ge ^u ! pres5t national compact1 t x 0 =m$ at ! exp5se ( human lib]ty1 by a pr(ligate surr5d] ( pr9ciple1 & to ?is h\r is cem5t$ ) human blood4 ,we *>ge ^u ! ,am]ican ,con/itution1 t x conta9s provisions1 & enjo9s duties1 :i* make x unlawful = freem5 to take ! oa? ( allegiance to x1 because !y are expressly design$ to favor a slavehold+ olig>*y1 &1 consequ5tly1 to make "o portion ( ! p a prey to ano!r4 ,we *>ge ^u ! exi/+ national gov]nm5t1 t x is an insupportable despotism1 wield$ by a p[] :i* is sup]ior to all legal & con/itutional re/ra9ts--equally indispos$ & unable to protect ! lives or lib]ties ( ! p--! prop & safegu>d ( ,am]ican slav]y4 ,^! *>ges we proce$ briefly to e/abli%3 #a4 ,x is admitt$ by all m5 ( intellig5ce1--or if x be d5i$ 9 any qu>t]1 ! records ( our national hi/ory settle ! "q beyond d\bt1--t ! ,am]ican ,union 0 effect$ by a guilty compromise betwe5 ! free & slavehold+ ,/ates2 9 o!r words1 by immolat+ ! color$ population on ! alt> ( slav]y1 by depriv+ ! ,nor? ( equal rights & privileges1 & by incorporat+ ! slave sy/em into ! gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! expressive & p]t95t language ( scripture1 x 0 a cov5ant ) dea?1 & an agreem5t ) hell--null & void be=e ,god1 f ! fir/ h\r ( its inception--! fram]s ( :i* 7 recreant to duty1 & ! support]s ( :i* are equally guilty4 ,x 0 plead$ at ! "t ( ! adoption1 x is plead$ n[1 t1 )\t su* a compromise !re c\ld h be5 no union2 t1 )\t union1 ! colonies w\ld h become an easy prey to ! "m c\ntry2 &1 h5ce1 t x 0 an act ( necessity1 deplorable inde$ :5 view$ alone1 b absolutely indisp5sable to ! safety ( ! republic4 ,to ?is we reply3 ,! plea is z pr(ligate z ! act 0 tyrannical4 ,x is ! jesuitical doctr9e1 t ! end sanctifies ! means4 ,x is a confession ( s91 b ! d5ial ( any guilt 9 its p]petration4 ,x is at w> ) ! gov]nm5t ( ,god1 & subv]sive ( ! f\ndations ( morality4 ,x is to make lies our refuge1 & "u falsehood to hide ourselves1 s t we may escape ! ov]fl[+ sc\rge4 ,!re=e1 ?us sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,judgm5t w ,i lay to ! l9e1 & righte\sness to ! plummet2 & ! hail %all sweep away ! refuge ( lies1 & ! wat]s %all ov]fl[ ! hid+ place4 ,moreov]1 because ye tru/ 9 oppression & p]v]s5ess1 & /ay !reon2 !re=e ?is iniquity %all be to y z a brea* ready to fall1 swell+ out 9 a high wall1 ^: break+ come? sudd5ly at an in/ant4 ,& he %all break x z ! break+ ( ! pott]'s vessel t is brok5 9 pieces2 he %all n sp>e4 ,?is plea is suffici5tly broad to cov] all ! oppression & villa9y t ! sun has witness$ 9 8 circuit1 s9ce ,god said1 ,let !re be light4 ,x assumes t to be practicable1 :i* is impossible1 namely1 t !re c be fre$om ) slav]y1 union ) inju/ice1 & safety ) bloodguilt9ess4 ,a union ( virtue ) pollution is ! triumph ( lic5ti\sness4 ,a p>tn]%ip betwe5 "r & wrong1 is :olly wrong4 ,a compromise ( ! pr9ciples ( ,ju/ice1 is ! deification ( crime4 ,bett] t ! ,am]ican ,union _h nev] be5 =m$1 ?an t x %\ld h be5 obta9$ at su* a frightful co/6 ,if !y 7 guilty :o fa%ion$ x1 b :o c\ld n =esee all its frightful consequ5ces1 h[ mu* m guilty are !y1 :o1 9 full view ( all t has result$ f x1 clamor = its p]petuity6 ,if x 0 s9ful at ! comm5cem5t1 to adopt x on ! gr\nd ( escap+ a great] evil1 is x n equally s9ful to swe> to support x = ! same reason1 or until1 9 process ( "t1 x be purg$ f its corruption8 ,! fact is1 ! compromise allud$ to1 in/ead ( effect+ a union1 r5d]$ x impracticable2 unless by ! t]m union we are to und]/& ! absolute reign ( ! slavehold+ p[] ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 to ! pro/ration ( ,nor!rn rights4 ,9 ! j use ( words1 ! ,am]ican ,union is & always has be5 a %am--an impo/ure4 ,x is an in/rum5t ( oppression unsurpass$ 9 ! crim9al hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,h[ !n c x be innoc5tly su/a9$8 ,x is n c]ta91 x is n ev5 probable1 t if x _h n be5 adopt$1 ! "m c\ntry w\ld h reconqu]$ ! colonies4 ,! _s t w\ld h *os5 dang] 9 pref]5ce to crime1--to p]i% ) ju/ice r ?an live ) di%onor1--to d>e & suff] :atev] might betide1 r ?an sacrifice ! rights ( "o human be+1--c\ld nev] h be5 subjugat$ by any mortal p[]4 ,surely x is pay+ a poor tribute to ! valor & devotion ( our revolution>y fa!rs 9 ! cause ( lib]ty1 to say t1 if !y _h /]nly refus$ to sacrifice _! pr9ciples1 !y w\ld h fall5 an easy prey to ! despotic p[] ( ,engl&4 ,,ii4 ,! ,am]ican ,con/itution is ! expon5t ( ! national compact4 ,we affirm t x is an in/rum5t :i* no man c innoc5tly b9d himself to support1 because its anti-republican & anti-,*ri/ian requirem5ts are explicit & p]emptory2 at lea/1 s explicit t1 9 reg>d to all ! clauses p]ta9+ to slav]y1 !y h be5 uni=mly und]/ood & en=c$ 9 ! same way1 by all ! c\rts & by all ! p2 & s p]emptory1 t no individual int]pretation or au?ority c set !m aside ) impunity4 ,x is n a ball ( clay1 to be m\ld$ into any %ape t p>ty contrivance or caprice may *oose x to assume4 ,x is n a =m ( words1 to be int]pret$ 9 any mann]1 or to any ext5t1 or = ! accompli%m5t ( any purpose1 t individuals 9 (fice "u x may det]m9e4 ,x means precisely :at ^? :o fram$ & adopt$ x meant--,,no?+ ,,m1 ,,no?+ ,,less1 z a matt] ( b>ga9 & compromise4 ,ev5 if x c be con/ru$ to mean some?+ else1 )\t viol5ce to its language1 su* con/ruction is n to be tol]at$ aga9/ ! wi%es ( ei!r p>ty4 ,no j or hone/ use ( x c be made1 9 opposition to ! pla9 int5tion ( its fram]s1 except to decl>e ! contract at an end1 & to refuse to s]ve "u x4 ,to ! argum5t1 t ! words slaves & slav]y are n to be f\nd 9 ! ,con/itution1 & !re=e t x 0 nev] int5d$ to give any protection or c\nt5ance to ! slave sy/em1 x is suffici5t to reply1 t ?\gh no su* words are conta9$ 9 t in/rum5t1 o!r words 7 us$ intellig5tly & specifically1 ,,to ,,meet ,,! ,,necessities ,,( ,,slav]y2 & t ^! 7 adopt$ 9 good fai?1 to be obs]v$ until a con/itutional *ange c\ld be effect$4 ,on ?is po9t1 z to ! design ( c]ta9 provisions1 no intellig5t man c hone/ly ent]ta9 a d\bt4 ,if x be object$1 t ?\gh ^! provisions 7 meant to cov] slav]y1 yet1 z !y c fairly be int]pret$ to mean some?+ exactly ! rev]se1 x is all[able to give to !m su* an int]pretation1 especially z ! cause ( fre$om w !reby be promot$--we reply1 t ?is is to advocate fraud & viol5ce t[>d "o ( ! contract+ p>ties1 ^: co-op]ation 0 secur$ only by an express agreem5t & und]/&+ betwe5 !m bo?1 9 reg>d to ! clauses allud$ to2 & t su* a con/ruction1 if en=c$ by pa9s & p5alties1 w\ld unque/ionably lead to a civil w>1 9 :i* ! aggriev$ p>ty w\ld ju/ly claim to h be5 betray$1 & robb$ ( _! con/itutional rights4 ,aga91 if x be said1 t ^? clauses1 be+ immoral1 are null & void--we reply1 x is true !y are n to be obs]v$2 b x is also true t !y are portions ( an in/rum5t1 ! support ( :i*1 ,,z ,a ,,:ole1 is requir$ by oa? or affirmation2 &1 !re=e1 because !y are immoral1 & ,,because ,,( ,,?is ,,obligation ,,to ,,en=ce ,,immorality1 no "o c innoc5tly swe> to support ! ,con/itution4 ,aga91 if x be object$1 t ! ,con/itution 0 =m$ by ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to e/abli% ju/ice1 to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 & secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to !mselves & _! po/]ity2 & !re=e1 x is to be s con/ru$ z to h>monize ) ^! objects2 we reply1 aga91 t its language is n to be int]pret$ 9 a s5se :i* nei!r ( ! contract+ p>ties und]/ood1 & :i* w\ld fru/rate e design ( _! alliance--to wit1 union at ! exp5se ( ! color$ population ( ! c\ntry4 ,moreov]1 no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t ! preamble allud$ to nev] includ$1 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o fram$ x1 ^? :o 7 !n p9+ 9 bondage--=1 9 t case1 a g5]al emancipation ( ! slaves w\ld h in/antly be5 proclaim$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! words1 secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ourselves & our po/]ity1 assur$ly meant only ! :ite population4 ,to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 ref]r$ to _! own welf>e exclusively4 ,to e/abli% ju/ice1 0 und]/ood to be = _! sole b5efit z slavehold]s1 & ! guilty abettors ( slav]y4 ,?is is demon/rat$ by o!r p>ts ( ! same in/rum5t1 & by _! own practice "u x4 ,we w\ld n detract aught f :at is ju/ly _! due2 b x is z repreh5sible to give !m cr$it = :at !y did n possess1 z x is to rob !m ( :at is !irs4 ,x is absurd1 x is false1 x is an insult to ! common s5se ( mank9d1 to pret5d t ! ,con/itution 0 int5d$ to embrace ! entire population ( ! c\ntry "u its %elt]+ w+s2 or t ! p>ties to x 7 actuat$ by a s5se ( ju/ice & ! _s ( imp>tial lib]ty2 or t x ne$s no alt]ation1 b only a new int]pretation1 to make x h>monize ) ! object aim$ at by its adoption4 ,z truly might x be argu$1 t because x is ass]t$ 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 t all m5 are creat$ equal1 & end[$ ) an inali5able "r to lib]ty1 !re=e none ( its sign]s 7 slavehold]s1 & s9ce its adoption1 slav]y has be5 bani%$ f ! ,am]ican soil6 ,! tru? is1 our fa!rs 7 int5t on secur+ lib]ty to !mselves1 )\t be+ v scrupul\s z to ! means !y us$ to accompli% _! purpose4 ,!y 7 n actuat$ by ! _s ( univ]sal philan?ropy2 & ?\gh 9 words !y recogniz$ occasionally ! bro!rhood ( ! human race1 9 practice !y cont9ually d5i$ x4 ,!y did n blu% to enslave a portion ( _! fell[-m51 & to buy & sell !m z cattle 9 ! m>ket1 :ile !y 7 fight+ aga9/ ! oppression ( ! "m c\ntry1 & boa/+ ( _! reg>d = ! rights ( man4 ,:y1 !n1 conc$e to !m virtues :i* !y did n possess8 ,:y cl+ to ! falsehood1 t !y 7 no respect]s ( p]sons 9 ! =mation ( ! gov]nm5t8 ,alas6 t !y _h no m fe> ( ,god1 no m reg>d = man1 9 _! he>ts6 ,! iniquity ( ! h\se ( ,israel & ,judah ! ,nor? & ,s\? is exce$+ great1 & ! l& is full ( blood1 & ! city full ( p]v]s5ess2 = !y say1 ! ,"l ha? =sak5 ! e>?1 & ! ,"l see? n4 ,we proce$ to a critical exam9ation ( ! ,am]ican ,con/itution1 9 its relations to slav]y4 ,9 ,,article #a1 ,section #i1 x is decl>$--,! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress1 prior to ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight2 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,9 ?is ,section1 x w be p]ceiv$1 ! phraseology is s gu>d$ z n to imply1 ex necessitate1 any crim9al int5t or inhuman arrangem5t2 & yet no "o has ev] _h ! h>dihood or folly to d5y1 t x 0 cle>ly und]/ood by ! contract+ p>ties1 to mean t !re %\ld be no int]f]5ce ) ! ,african slave trade1 on ! "p ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 until ! ye> #ahjh4 ,= tw5ty ye>s aft] ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution1 ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 to be enc\rag$ & protect$ 9 ! prosecution ( t inf]nal traffic--9 sack+ & burn+ ! hamlets ( ,africa--9 slaught]+ multitudes ( ! in(f5sive natives on ! soil1 kidnapp+ & enslav+ a /ill great] proportion1 cr[d+ !m to suffocation 9 ! holds ( ! slave %ips1 populat+ ! ,atlantic ) _! dead bodies1 & subject+ ! wret*$ survivors to all ! horrors ( unmitigat$ bondage6 ,?is awful cov5ant 0 /rictly fulfill$2 & ?\gh1 s9ce its t]m9ation1 ,congress has decl>$ ! =eign slave traffic to be piracy1 yet all ,*ri/5dom kn[s t ! ,am]ican flag1 in/ead ( be+ ! t]ror ( ! ,african slav]s1 has giv5 !m ! mo/ ample protection4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! #i? ,section 0 agre$ to1 by ! national conv5tion t =m$ ! ,con/itution1 is ?us frankly av[$ by ! ,hon4 ,,lu!r ,,m>t9#i :o 0 a prom95t memb] ( t body3 ,footnote #i3 ,spee* be=e ! ,legislature ( ,m>yl& 9 #aghg4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 not)/&+ _! av]sion to slav]y1 767 7 v will+ to indulge ! ,s\!rn ,/ates at lea/ ) a tempor>y lib]ty to prosecute ! slave trade1 provid$ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld1 9 _! turn1 gratify !m by lay+ no re/riction on navigation acts2 &1 aft] a v little "t1 ! committee1 by a great majority1 agre$ on a report1 by :i* ! g5]al gov]nm5t 0 to be prohibit$ f prev5t+ ! importation ( slaves = a limit$ "t2 & ! re/rictive clause relative to navigation acts 0 to be omitt$4 ,behold ! iniquity ( ?is agreem5t6 h[ sordid 7 ! motives :i* l$ to x6 :at a pr(ligate disreg>d ( ju/ice & humanity1 on ! "p ( ^? :o _h solemnly decl>$ ! inali5able "r ( all m5 to be free & equal1 to be a self-evid5t tru?6 ,x is due to ! national conv5tion to say1 t ?is ,section 0 n adopt$ )\t consid]able opposition4 ,allud+ to x1 ,mr4 ,,m>t9 obs]ves-- ,x 0 said t we _h j assum$ a place among indep5d5t nations 9 consequ5ce ( our opposition to ! attempts ( ,great ,brita9 to enslave u3 t ?is opposition 0 gr\nd$ ^u ! pres]vation ( ^? rights to :i* ,god & nature has entitl$ u1 n 9 p>ticul>1 b 9 common ) all ! re/ ( mank9d2 t we _h appeal$ to ! ,supreme ,be+ = 8 assi/ance1 z ! ,god ( fre$om1 :o c\ld n b approve our ef=ts to pres]ve ! rights :i* he _h ?us imp>t$ to 8 creatures2 t n[1 :5 we sc>cely _h ris5 f our knees1 f supplicat+ 8 aid & protection 9 =m+ our gov]nm5t ov] a free p1 a gov]nm5t =m$ pret5d$ly on ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 & = its pres]vation1--9 t gov]nm5t to h a provision1 n only putt+ x out ( its p[] to re/ra9 & prev5t ! slave trade1 ev5 enc\rag+ t mo/ infam\s traffic1 by giv+ ! ,/ates p[] & influ5ce 9 ! ,union 9 proportion z !y cruelly & wantonly sport ) ! rights ( _! fell[-creatures1 ought to be consid]$ z a solemn mock]y (1 & insult to1 t ,god ^: protection we _h !n implor$1 & c\ld n fail to hold u up 9 dete/ation1 & r5d] u contemptible to e true fri5d ( lib]ty 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 said x ought to be consid]$ t national crimes c only be & frequ5tly are1 puni%$ 9 ?is _w by national puni%m5ts1 & t ! cont9uance ( ! slave trade1 & ?us giv+ x a national sanction1 & enc\ragem5t1 ought to be consid]$ z ju/ly expos+ u to ! displeasure & v5geance ( ,him :o is equally ,"l ( all1 & :o views ) equal eye ! poor ,african slave & 8 ,am]ican ma/]6#aj ,footnote #aj3 ,h[ t]ribly & ju/ly has ?is guilty nation be5 sc\rg$1 s9ce ^! words 7 spok51 on acc\nt ( slav]y & ! slave trade6 ,x 0 urg$ t1 by ?is sy/em1 we 7 giv+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t full & absolute p[] to regulate comm]ce1 "u :i* g5]al p[] x w\ld h a "r to re/ra91 or totally prohibit1 ! slave trade3 x mu/1 !re=e1 appe> to ! _w absurd & disgraceful to ! la/ degree t we %\ld except f ! ex]cise ( t p[] ! only bran* ( comm]ce :i* is unju/ifiable 9 its nature1 & contr>y to ! rights ( mank9d4 ,t1 on ! contr>y1 we ought r to prohibit expressly1 9 our ,con/itution1 ! fur!r importation ( slaves1 & to au?orize ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 f "t to "t1 to make su* regulations z %\ld be ?\ght mo/ advantage\s = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 & ! emancipation ( ! slaves :i* are already 9 ! ,/ates4 ,t slav]y is inconsi/5t ) ! g5ius ( republicanism1 & has a t5d5cy to de/roy ^? pr9ciples on :i* x is support$1 z x less5s ! s5se ( ! equal rights ( mank9d1 & habituates u to tyranny & oppression4 ,x 0 fur!r urg$ t1 by ?is sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 e ,/ate is to be protect$ bo? f =eign invasion & f dome/ic insurrections2 t1 f ?is consid]ation1 x 0 ( ! utmo/ importance x %\ld h a p[] to re/ra9 ! importation ( slaves1 s9ce 9 proportion z ! numb] ( slaves 7 increas$ 9 any ,/ate1 9 ! same proportion ! ,/ate is weak5$ & expos$ to =eign invasion or dome/ic insurrection2 & by s mu* less w x be able to protect itself aga9/ ei!r1 & !re=e w by s mu* ! m1 want aid f1 & be a burd5 to1 ! ,union4 ,x 0 fur!r said1 t1 z 9 ?is sy/em1 we 7 giv+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t a p[]1 "u ! idea ( national "*1 or national int]e/1 to regulate ev5 our weights & measures1 & h prohibit$ all possibility ( emitt+ pap] money1 & pass+ insolv5t laws1 c41 x mu/ appe> /ill m extraord9>y t we %\ld prohibit ! gov]nm5t f int]f]+ ) ! slave trade1 ?an :i* no?+ c\ld s mat]ially affect bo? our national honor & int]e/4 ,^! reasons influ5c$ me1 bo? on ! committee & 9 conv5tion1 mo/ decid$ly to oppose & vote aga9/ ! clause1 z x n[ makes a "p ( ! sy/em4#aa ,footnote #aa3 ,secret ,proce$+s1 p4 #fd4 ,happy _h x be5 = ?is nation1 _h ^! solemn consid]ations be5 he$$ by ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution6 ,b = ! sake ( secur+ "s local advantages1 !y *ose to d evil t good might come1 & to make ! end sanctify ! means4 ,!y 7 will+ to enslave o!rs1 t !y might secure _! own fre$om4 ,!y did ?is de$ delib]ately1 ) _! eyes op51 ) all ! facts & consequ5ces aris+ !refrom be=e !m1 9 violation ( all _! heav5-atte/$ decl>ations1 & 9 a!i/ical di/ru/ ( ! ov]rul+ p[] ( ,god4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates 7 v will+ to indulge ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 9 ! unre/rict$ prosecution ( _! piratical traffic1 provid$ 9 return !y c\ld be gratifi$ by no re/riction be+ laid on navigation acts66--,_h !re be5 no o!r provision ( ! ,con/itution ju/ly liable to objection1 ?is "o alone r5d]$ ! support ( t in/rum5t incompatible ) ! duties :i* m5 owe to _! ,creator1 & to ea* o!r4 ,x 0 ! poison\s infusion 9 ! cup1 :i*1 ?\gh con/itut+ b a v slight portion ( its cont5ts1 p]ill$ ! life ( e "o :o p>took ( x4 ,if x be ask$ to :at purpose are ^! animadv]sions1 s9ce ! clause allud$ to has long s9ce expir$ by its own limitation--we answ]1 t1 if at any "t ! =eign slave trade c\ld be con/itutionally prosecut$1 x may yet be r5ew$1 "u ! ,con/itution1 at ! pleasure ( ,congress1 ^: prohibitory /atute is liable to be rev]s$ at any mom5t1 9 ! fr5zy ( ,s\!rn opposition to emancipation4 ,x is ignorantly suppos$ t ! b>ga9 01 t ! traffic %\ld cease 9 #ahjh2 b ! only ?+ secur$ by x 01 ! "r ( ,congress 7n any obligation7 to prohibit x at t p]iod4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,congress _h n *os5 to ex]cise t "r1 ! traffic might h be5 prolong$ indef9itely "u ! ,con/itution4 ,! "r to de/roy any p>ticul> bran* ( comm]ce1 implies ! "r to re-e/abli% x4 ,true1 !re is no probability t ! ,african slave trade w ev] aga9 be legaliz$ by ! national gov]nm5t2 b no cr$it is due ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution on ?is gr\nd2 =1 :ile !y ?rew ar\nd x all ! sanction & protection ( ! national "* & p[] = tw5ty ye>s1 !y set no b\nds to its cont9uance by any positive con/itutional prohibition4 ,aga91 ! adoption ( su* a clause1 & ! fai?ful execution ( x1 prove :at 0 meant by ! words ( ! preamble--to =m a m p]fect union1 e/abli% ju/ice1 insure dome/ic tranquillity1 provide = ! common def5ce1 promote ! g5]al welf>e1 & secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ourselves & our po/]ity--namely1 t ! p>ties to ! ,con/itution reg>d$ only _! own rights & int]e/s1 & nev] int5d$ t its language %\ld be s int]pret$ z to int]f]e ) slav]y1 or to make x unlawful = "o portion ( ! p to enslave ano!r1 )\t an express alt]ation 9 t in/rum5t1 9 ! mann] !re9 set =?4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ! ,con/itution rema9s z x 0 orig9ally adopt$1 !y :o swe> to support x are b\nd to comply ) all its provisions1 z a matt] ( allegiance4 ,= x avails no?+ to say1 t "s ( ^? provisions are at w> ) ! law ( ,god & ! rights ( man1 & !re=e are n obligatory4 ,:atev] may be _! "*1 !y are con/itutionally obligatory2 & :oev] feels t he _c execute !m1 or swe> to execute !m1 )\t committ+ s91 has no o!r *oice left ?an to )draw f ! gov]nm5t1 or to violate 8 consci5ce by tak+ on 8 lips an impi\s promise4 ,! object ( ! ,con/itution is n to def9e :at is ! law ( ,god1 b ,,:at ,,is ,,! ,,w ,,( ,,! ,,p--:i* w is n to be fru/rat$ by an +5i\s moral int]pretation1 by ^? :om !y h elect$ to s]ve !m4 ,,article #a1 ,sect4 #b1 provides--,repres5tatives & direct taxes %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates1 :i* may be includ$ )9 ?is ,union1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 :i* %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,"h1 z 9 ! clause we h already exam9$1 veil$ b5ea? a =m ( words z deceitful z x is unmean+ 9 a truly democratic gov]nm5t1 is a provision = ! safety1 p]petuity & augm5tation ( ! slavehold+ p[]--a provision sc>cely less atroci\s ?an t :i* relat$ to ! ,african slave trade1 & almo/ z afflictive 9 its op]ation--a provision /ill 9 =ce1 ) no possibility ( its alt]ation1 s long z a majority ( ! slave ,/ates *oose to ma9ta9 _! slave sy/em--a provision :i*1 at ! pres5t "t1 enables ! ,s\? to h tw5ty-five additional repres5tatives 9 ,congress on ! score ( prop]ty1 :ile ! ,nor? is n all[$ to h "o--a provision :i* conc$es to ! oppress$ ?ree-fif?s ( ! political p[] :i* is grant$ to all o!rs1 & !n puts ?is p[] into ! h&s ( _! oppressors1 to be wield$ by !m = ! m p]fect security ( _! tyrann\s au?ority1 & ! complete subjugation ( ! non-slavehold+ ,/ates4 ,ref]r+ to ?is atroci\s b>ga91 ,,alex&] ,,hamilton rem>k$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,conv5tion-- ,! fir/ ?+ object$ to1 is t clause :i* all[s a repres5tation = ?ree-fif?s ( ! negroes4 ,mu* has be5 said ( ! impropriety ( repres5t+ m5 :o h no w ( _! own3 :e!r ?is be reason+ or declamation1 7667 ,i w n presume to say4 ,x is ! un=tunate situation ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to h a great "p ( _! population z well z prop]ty1 9 blacks4 ,! regulation compla9$ ( 0 "o result ( ! _s ( accommodation :i* gov]n$ ! ,conv5tion2 & )\t ?is indulg5ce1 ,,no ,,union ,,c\ld ,,possibly ,,h ,,be5 ,,=m$4 ,b1 sir1 consid]+ "s peculi> advantages :i* we d]ive f !m1 x is entirely ,,j t !y %\ld be gratifi$4--,! ,s\!rn ,/ates possess c]ta9 /aples1 tobacco1 rice1 indigo1 c4--:i* mu/ be capital objects 9 treaties ( comm]ce ) =eign nations2 & ! advantage :i* !y necess>ily procure 9 ^! treaties w be felt ?r\gh\t all ! ,/ates4 ,if su* 0 ! patriotism1 su* ! love ( lib]ty1 su* ! morality ( ,,alex&] ,,hamilton1 :at c be said ( ! "* ( ^? :o 7 f> less conspicu\s ?an himself 9 secur+ ,am]ican indep5d5ce1 & 9 fram+ ! ,am]ican ,con/itution8 ,li/51 n[1 to ! op9ions ( ,,john ,,qu9cy ,,adams1 respect+ ! con/itutional clause n[ "u consid]ation3-- ',9 outw>d %[1 x is a repres5tation ( p]sons 9 bondage2 9 fact1 x is a repres5tation ( _! ma/]s1--! oppressor repres5t+ ! oppress$4'--',is x 9 ! compass ( human imag9ation to devise a m p]fect exemplification ( ! art ( committ+ ! lamb to ! t5d] cu/ody ( ! wolf8'--',! repres5tative is ?us con/itut$1 n ! fri5d1 ag5t & tru/ee ( ! p]son :om he repres5ts1 b ! mo/ invet]ate ( 8 foes4'--',x 0 "o ( ! curses f t ,p&ora's box1 adju/$ at ! "t1 z usual1 by a compromise1 ! :ole advantage ( :i* inur$ to ! b5efit ( ! ,s\?1 & to aggravate ! bur!ns ( ! ,nor?4'--',if !re be a p>allel to x 9 human hi/ory1 x c only be t ( ! ,roman ,emp]ors1 :o1 f ! days :5 ,julius ,caes> sub/itut$ a milit>y despotism 9 ! place ( a republic1 among ! (fices :i* !y always conc5trat$ ^u !mselves1 0 t ( tribune ( ! p4 ,a ,roman ,emp]or tribune ( ! p1 is an exact p>allel to t feature 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* makes ! ma/] ! repres5tative ( 8 slave4'--',! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates expressly prescribes t no title ( nobility %all be grant$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! _s ( ?is int]dict is n a root$ antipa?y to ! grant ( m]e p[]less empty titles1 b to titles ( nobility2 to ! in/itution ( privileg$ ord]s ( m54 ,b :at ord] ( m5 "u ! mo/ absolute ( mon>*ies1 or ! mo/ ari/ocratic ( republics1 0 ev] inve/$ ) su* an odi\s & unju/ privilege z t ( ! sep>ate & exclusive repres5tation ( less ?an half a million own]s ( slaves1 9 ! ,hall ( ?is ,h\se1 9 ! *air ( ! ,s5ate1 & 9 ! ,presid5tial mansion8'--',?is inve/m5t ( p[] 9 ! own]s ( "o species ( prop]ty conc5trat$ 9 ! highe/ au?orities ( ! nation1 & dissem9at$ ?r\gh ?irte5 ( ! tw5ty-six ,/ates ( ! ,union1 con/itutes a privileg$ ord] ( m5 9 ! community1 m adv]se to ! rights ( all1 & m p]nici\s to ! int]e/s ( ! :ole1 ?an any ord] ( nobility ev] kn[n4 ,to call gov]nm5t ?us con/itut$ a ,democracy1 is to insult ! und]/&+ ( mank9d4 ,to call x an ,ari/ocracy1 is to d inju/ice to t =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,ari/ocracy is ! gov]nm5t ( ! be/4 ,its /&>d qualification = accession to p[] is m]it1 asc]ta9$ by popul> election1 recurr+ at %ort int]vals ( "t4 ,if ev5 t gov]nm5t is prone to deg5]ate into tyranny1 :at mu/ be ! "* ( t =m ( polity 9 :i* ! /&>d qualification = access to p[] is weal? 9 ! possession ( slaves8 ,x is d\bly ta9t$ ) ! infection ( ri*es & ( slav]y4 ,!re is no "n 9 ! language ( national jurisprud5ce t c def9e x--no model 9 ! records ( anci5t hi/ory1 or 9 ! political !ories ( ,ari/otle1 ) :i* x c be lik5$4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by an equivocation--a repres5tation ( prop]ty "u ! "n ( p]sons4 ,little did ! memb]s ( ! ,conv5tion f ! free ,/ates imag9e or =esee :at a sacrifice to ,molo* 0 hidd5 "u ! mask ( ?is concession4'--',! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,u4 ,/ates consi/s ( #bbc memb]s--all1 by ! lett] ( ! ,con/itution1 repres5tatives only ( p]sons1 z #ace ( !m really are2 b ! o!r #hh1 equally repres5t+ ! p]sons ( _! con/itu5ts1 by :om !y are elect$1 also repres5t1 "u ! "n ( o!r p]sons1 upw>ds ( two & a half millions ( slaves1 held z ! prop]ty ( less ?an half a million ( ! :ite con/itu5ts1 & valu$ at twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s4 ,ea* ( ^! #hh memb]s repres5ts 9 fact ! :ole ( t mass ( associat$ weal?1 & ! p]sons & exclusive int]e/s ( its own]s2 all ?us knit toge!r1 l ! memb]s ( a money$ corporation1 ) a capital n ( ?irty-five or =ty or fifty1 b ( twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s1 exhibit+ ! mo/ extraord9>y exemplification ( ! anti-republican t5d5cies ( associat$ weal? t ! _w ev] saw4'--',"h is "o class ( m51 consi/+ ( n m ?an "o-=tie? "p ( ! :ole p1 n m ?an "o-?irtie? "p ( ! free population1 exclusively devot$ to _! p]sonal int]e/s id5tifi$ ) _! own z slavehold]s ( ! same associat$ weal?1 & wield+ by _! votes1 ^u e "q ( gov]nm5t or ( public policy1 two-fif?s ( ! :ole p[] ( ! ,h\se4 ,9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,union1 ! proportion ( ! slavehold+ p[] is yet great]4 ,by ! influ5ce ( slav]y1 9 ! ,/ates :]e ! in/itution is tol]at$1 ov] _! elections1 no o!r ?an a slavehold] c rise to ! di/9ction ( obta9+ a seat 9 ! ,s5ate2 & ?us1 ( ! #eb memb]s ( ! ,f$]al ,s5ate1 #bf are own]s ( slaves1 & z effectively repres5tatives ( t int]e/ z ! #hh memb] elect$ by !m to ! ,h\se4'--',by ?is process x is t all political p[] 9 ! ,/ates is absorb$ & engross$ by ! own]s ( slaves1 & ! ov]rul+ policy ( ! ,/ates is %ap$ to /r5g!n & consolidate _! dom9ation4 ,! legislative1 executive1 & judicial au?orities are all 9 _! h&s--! pres]vation1 propagation1 & p]petuation ( ! black code ( slav]y--e law ( ! legislature becomes a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( ! slave2 e executive act a rivet to 8 hapless fate2 e judicial decision a p]v]sion ( ! human intellect to ! ju/ification ( wrong4'--',its reciprocal op]ation ^u ! gov]nm5t ( ! nation is1 to e/abli% an artificial majority 9 ! slave repres5tation ov] t ( ! free p1 9 ! ,am]ican ,congress1 & !reby to make ! ,,pres]vation1 ,,propagation1 ,,& ,,p]petuation ,,( ,,slav]y ,,! ,,vital ,,& ,,animat+ ,,_s ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,gov]nm5t4'--',! result is se5 9 ! fact t1 at ?is day1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & five out ( n9e ( ! ,judges ( ! ,supreme ,judicial ,c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 are n only citiz5s ( slavehold+ ,/ates1 b individual slavehold]s !mselves4 ,s are1 & con/antly h be51 ) sc>cely an exception1 all ! memb]s ( bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress f ! slavehold+ ,/ates2 & s are1 9 imm5sely disproportionate numb]s1 ! comm&+ (fic]s ( ! army & navy2 ! (fic]s ( ! cu/oms2 ! regi/]s & receiv]s ( ! l& (fices1 & ! po/-ma/]s ?r\gh\t ! slavehold+ ,/ates4--,! ,bi5nial ,regi/] indicates ! bir?-place ( all ! (fic]s employ$ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,union4 ,if x 7 requir$ to designate ! own]s ( ?is species ( prop]ty among !m1 x w\ld be little m ?an a catalogue ( slavehold]s4' ,x is confess$ by ,mr4 ,,adams1 allud+ to ! national conv5tion t fram$ ! ,con/itution1 t ! delegation f ! free ,/ates1 9 _! extreme anxiety to conciliate ! asc5dancy ( ! ,s\!rn slavehold]1 did li/5 to a compromise betwe5 "r & wrong--betwe5 fre$om & slav]y2 ( ! ultimate fruits ( :i* !y _h no conception1 b :i* already ev5 n[ is urg+ ! ,union to its inevitable ru9 & dissolution1 by a civil1 s]vile1 =eign & ,indian w>1 all comb9$ 9 "o2 a w>1 ! ess5tial issue ( :i* w be betwe5 fre$om & slav]y1 & 9 :i* ! unhall[$ /&>d ( slav]y w be ! desecrat$ bann] ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,union--t bann]1 fir/ unfurl$ to ! breeze1 inscrib$ ) ! self-evid5t tru?s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,h5ce1 to swe> to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z x is1 is to make a compromise betwe5 "r & wrong1 & to wage w> aga9/ human lib]ty4 ,x is to recognize & honor z republican legislators incorrigible m5-/eal]s1 ,,m]ciless ,,tyrants1 ,,blood ,,?ir/y ,,assass9s1 :o legislate ) deadly weapons ab\t _! p]sons1 su* z pi/ols1 dagg]s1 & b[ie-knives1 ) :i* !y ?reat5 to murd] any ,nor!rn s5ator or repres5tative :o %all d>e to /a9 _! honor1 or int]f]e ) _! rights6 ,!y con/itute a b&itti m fi]ce & cruel ?an any ^: atrocities are record$ on ! pages ( hi/ory or romance4 ,to mix ) !m on t]ms ( social or religi\s fell[%ip1 is to indicate a l[ /ate ( virtue2 b to ?9k ( adm9i/]+ a free gov]nm5t by _! co-op]ation1 is no?+ %ort ( insanity4 ,article #d1 ,section #b1 decl>es1--,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,"h is a ?ird clause1 :i*1 l ! o!r two1 makes no m5tion ( slav]y or slaves1 9 express t]ms2 & yet1 l !m1 0 intellig5tly fram$ & mutually und]/ood by ! p>ties to ! ratification1 & int5d$ bo? to protect ! slave sy/em & to re/ore runaway slaves4 ,x alone makes slav]y a national in/itution1 a national crime1 & all ! p :o are n enslav$1 ! body-gu>d ov] ^? ^: lib]ties h be5 clov5 d[n4 ,?is agreem5t1 too1 has be5 fulfill$ to ! lett] by ! ,nor?4 ,"u ! ,mosaic disp5sation x 0 imp]atively comm&$1--,?\ %alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant :i* is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto !e3 he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose 9 "o ( ?y gates1 :]e x like? him be/3 ?\ %alt n oppress him4 ,! w>n+ :i* ! prophet ,isaiah gave to oppress+ ,moab 0 ( a simil> k9d3 ,take c\nsel1 execute judgm5t2 make ?y %ad[ z ! night 9 ! mid/ ( ! noon-day2 hide ! outca/s2 bewray n him t w&]e?4 ,let m9e outca/s dwell ) !e1 ,moab2 be ?\ a cov]t to !m f ! face ( ! spoil]4 ,! prophet ,obadiah br+s ! foll[+ *>ge aga9/ trea*]\s ,edom1 :i* is precisely applicable to ?is guilty nation3--,= ?y viol5ce aga9/ ?y bro!r ,jacob1 %ame %all come ov] !e1 & ?\ %alt be cut (f = ev]4 ,9 ! day t ?\ /ood/ on ! o!r side1 9 ! day t ! /rang]s c>ri$ away captive 8 =ces1 & =eign]s ent]$ into 8 gates1 & ca/ lots ^u ,j]usalem1 ev5 ?\ wa/ z "o ( !m4 ,b ?\ %\ld/ n h look$ on ! day ( ?y bro!r1 9 ! day t he became a /rang]2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h rejoic$ ov] ! *ildr5 ( ,judah1 9 ! day ( _! de/ruction2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h spok5 pr\dly 9 ! day ( di/ress2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h /ood 9 ! cross-way1 to cut (f ^? ( 8 t did escape2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h deliv]$ up ^? ( 8 t did rema91 9 ! day ( di/ress4 ,h[ exactly descriptive ( ?is boa/$ republic is ! impea*m5t ( ,edom by ! same prophet6 ,! pride ( ?y he>t ha? deceiv$ !e1 ?\ ^: habitation is high2 t sai? 9 ?y he>t1 ,:o %all br+ me d[n to ! gr\nd8 ,?\gh ?\ exalt ?yself z ! eagle1 & ?\gh ?\ set ?y ne/ among ! />s1 !nce w ,i br+ !e d[n1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,! emblem ( ,am]ican pride & p[] is ! eagle1 & on h] bann] %e has m+l$ />s ) its /ripes4 ,h] vanity1 h] trea*]y1 h] oppression1 h] self-exaltation1 & h] defiance ( ! ,almighty1 f> surpass ! madness & wick$ness ( ,edom4 ,:at %all be h] puni%m5t8 ,truly1 x may be affirm$ ( ! ,am]ican p1 7:o live n "u ! ,levitical b ,*ri/ian code1 & ^: guilt1 !re=e1 is ! m awful1 & _! condemnation ! great]17 9 ! language ( ano!r prophet--,!y all lie 9 wait = blood2 !y hunt e man 8 bro!r ) a net4 ,t !y may d evil ) bo? h&s e>ne/ly1 ! pr9ce aske?1 & ! judge aske? = a rew>d2 & ! great man1 he utt]e? 8 mis*iev\s desire3 s !y wrap x up4 ,likewise ( ! color$ inhabitants ( ?is l& x may be said1--,?is is a p robb$ & spoil$2 !y are all ( !m sn>$ 9 holes1 & !y are hid 9 prison-h\ses2 !y are = a prey1 & none deliv]e?2 = a spoil1 & none sai?1 ,re/ore4 ,by ?is /ipulation1 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates are made ! hunt+ gr\nd ( slave-cat*]s1 :o may pursue _! victims ) blood-h\nds1 & capture !m ) impunity :]ev] !y c lay _! robb] h&s ^u !m4 ,at lea/ twelve or fifte5 ?\s& runaway slaves are n[ 9 ,canada1 exil$ f _! native l&1 because !y c\ld n f9d1 ?r\gh\t its va/ ext5t1 a s+le road on :i* !y c\ld dwell 9 safety1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is provision ( ! ,con/itution8 ,h[ is x possible1 !n1 = ! advocates ( lib]ty to support a gov]nm5t :i* gives ov] to de/ruction "o-six? "p ( ! :ole population8 ,x is d5i$ by "s at ! pres5t day1 t ! clause :i* has be5 cit$1 0 int5d$ to apply to runaway slaves4 ,?is indicates1 ei!r ignorance1 or folly1 or some?+ worse4 ,,james ,,madison1 z "o ( ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution1 is ( "s au?ority on ?is po9t4 ,allud+ to t in/rum5t1 9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion1 he said3-- ,ano!r clause secures u t prop]ty :i* we n[ possess4 ,at pres5t1 if any slave elopes to any ( ^? ,/ates :]e slaves are free1 he becomes emancipat$ by _! laws2 = ! laws ( ! ,/ates are un*>itable 767 to "o ano!r 9 ?is respect2 b 9 ?is con/itution1 ',no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor1 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4' ,,?is ,,clause ,,0 ,,expressly ,,ins]t$ ,,to ,,enable ,,own]s ,,( ,,slaves ,,to ,,reclaim ,,!m4 ,?is is a bett] security ?an any t n[ exi/s4 ,no p[] is giv5 to ! g5]al gov]nm5t to int]pose ) respect to ! prop]ty 9 slaves n[ held by ! ,/ates4 ,9 ! same conv5tion1 allud+ to ! same clause1 ,gov4 ,,r&olph said3-- ,e "o kn[s t slaves are held to s]vice or labor4 ,&1 :5 au?ority is giv5 to own]s ( slaves to v9dicate _! prop]ty1 c x be suppos$ !y c be depriv$ ( x8 ,if a citiz5 ( ?is ,/ate1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is clause1 c take 8 runaway slave 9 ,m>yl&1 c x be s]i\sly ?\ght t1 aft] tak+ him & br++ him home1 he c\ld be made free8 ,x is object$1 t slaves are held z prop]ty1 & !re=e1 z ! clause ref]s to p]sons1 x _c mean slaves4 ,b ?is is criticism aga9/ fact4 ,slaves are recogniz$ n m]ely z prop]ty1 b also z p]sons--z hav+ a mix$ "*--z comb9+ ! human ) ! brutal4 ,?is is p>adoxical1 we admit2 b slav]y is a p>adox--! ,am]ican ,con/itution is a p>adox--! ,am]ican ,union is a p>adox--! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t is a p>adox2 & if any "o ( ^! is to be repudiat$ on t gr\nd1 !y all are4 ,t x is ! duty ( ! fri5ds ( fre$om to d5y ! b9d+ au?ority ( !m all1 & to sec$e f !m all1 we di/9ctly affirm4 ,aft] ! indep5d5ce ( ?is c\ntry _h be5 a*iev$1 ! voice ( ,god exhort$ ! p1 say+1 ,execute true judgm5t1 & %[ m]cy & compassion1 e man to 8 bro!r3 & oppress n ! wid[1 nor ! fa!rless1 ! /rang]1 nor ! poor2 & let none ( y imag9e evil aga9/ 8 bro!r 9 y\r he>t4 ,b !y refus$ to he>k51 & pull$ away ! %\ld]1 & /opp$ _! e>s1 t !y %\ld n he>2 yea1 !y made _! he>ts z an adamant /one4 ,%all ,i n visit = ^! ?+s8 sai? ! ,"l4 ,%all n my s\l be av5g$ on su* a nation z ?is8 ,:atev] d\bt may h re/$ on any hone/ m9d1 respect+ ! mean+ ( ! clause 9 relation to p]sons held to s]vice or labor1 mu/ h be5 remov$ by ! unanim\s decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ! case ( ,prigg v]sus ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,by t decision1 any ,s\!rn slave-cat*] is emp[]$ to seize & convey to ! ,s\?1 )\t h9drance or mole/ation on ! "p ( ! ,/ate1 & )\t any legal process duly obta9$ & s]v$1 any p]son or p]sons1 irrespective ( ca/e or complexion1 :om he may *oose to claim z runaway slaves2 & if1 :5 ?us surpris$ & attack$1 or on _! arrival ,s\?1 !y _c prove by legal witnesses1 t !y are freem51 _! doom is seal$6 ,h5ce ! free color$ population ( ! ,nor? are specially liable to become ! victims ( ?is t]rible p[]1 & all ! o!r inhabitants are at ! m]cy ( pr[l+ kidnapp]s1 because !re are multitudes ( :ite z well z black slaves on ,s\!rn plantations1 & slav]y is no long] fa/idi\s ) reg>d to ! color ( its prey4 ,z soon z t appall+ decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt 0 enunciat$1 9 ! "n ( ! ,con/itution1 ! p ( ! ,nor? %\ld h ris5 en masse1 if = no o!r cause1 & decl>$ ! ,union at an end2 & !y w\ld h done s1 if !y _h n lo/ _! manhood1 & _! rev]5ce = ju/ice & lib]ty4 ,9 ! #d? ,sect4 ( ,art4 ,,iv41 ! ,unit$ ,/ates gu>antee to protect e ,/ate 9 ! ,union aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce4 ,by ! #h? ,section ( ,article ,i41 ,congress is emp[]$ to provide = call+ =? ! militia to execute ! laws ( ! ,union1 suppress insurrections1 & repel invasions4 ,^! provisions1 h[ev] /rictly !y may apply to cases ( di/urbance among ! :ite population1 7 adopt$ ) special ref]5ce to ! slave population1 = ! purpose ( keep+ !m 9 _! *a9s by ! comb9$ milit>y =ce ( ! c\ntry2 & 7 ^! repeal$1 & ! ,s\? left to manage h] slaves z be/ %e c\ld1 a s]vile insurrection w\ld ere long be ! consequ5ce1 z g5]al z x w\ld unque/ionably be successful4 ,says ,mr4 ,madison1 respect+ ^! clauses3-- ,on application ( ! legislature or executive1 z ! case may be1 ! militia ( ! o!r ,/ates are to be call$ to suppress dome/ic insurrections4 ,does ?is b> ! ,/ates f call+ =? _! own militia8 ,no2 b x gives !m a supplem5t>y security to suppress insurrections & dome/ic viol5ce4 ,! answ] to ,patrick ,h5ry's objection1 z urg$ aga9/ ! ,con/itution 9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion1 t !re 0 no p[] left to ! ,/ates to quell an insurrection ( slaves1 z x 0 :olly ve/$ 9 ,congress1 ,george ,ni*olas ask$3-- ,h !y x n[8 ,if !y h1 does ! con/itution take x away8 ,if x does1 x mu/ be 9 "o ( ! ?ree clauses :i* h be5 m5tion$ by ! wor?y memb]4 ,! fir/ clause gives ! g5]al gov]nm5t p[] to call !m out :5 necess>y4 ,does ?is take x away f ! ,/ates8 ,no6 b x gives an additional security2 =1 beside ! p[] 9 ! ,/ate gov]nm5ts to use _! own militia1 x w be ! duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to aid !m ,,) ,,! ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,! ,,union1 :5 call$ =4 ,?is solemn gu>anty ( security to ! slave sy/em1 caps ! climax ( national b>b>ity1 & /a9s ) human blood ! g>m5ts ( all ! p4 ,9 consequ5ce ( x1 t sy/em has multipli$ its victims f sev5 hundr$ ?\s& to ne>ly ?ree millions--a va/ am\nt ( t]ritory has be5 pur*as$1 9 ord] to give x ext5sion & p]petuity--sev]al new slave ,/ates h be5 admitt$ into ! ,union--! slave trade has be5 made "o ( ! great bran*es ( ,am]ican comm]ce--! slave population1 ?\gh ov]-work$1 />v$1 lac]at$1 br&$1 maim$1 & subject$ to e =m ( deprivation & e species ( torture1 h be5 ov]aw$ & cru%$1--or1 :5ev] !y h attempt$ to ga9 _! lib]ty by revolt1 !y h be5 %ot d[n & quell$ by ! /rong arm ( ! national gov]nm5t2 z1 = example1 9 ! case ( ,nat ,turn]'s insurrection 9 ,virg9ia1 :5 ! naval & milit>y =ces ( ! gov]nm5t 7 call$ into active s]vice4 ,cuban bloodh\nds h be5 pur*as$ ) ! money ( ! p1 & import$ & us$ to hunt slave fugitives among ! ev]glades ( ,florida4 ,a m]ciless w>f>e has be5 wag$ = ! ext]m9ation or expulsion ( ! ,florida ,indians1 because !y gave succor to ^! poor hunt$ fugitives--a w>f>e :i* has co/ ! nation sev]al ?\s& lives1 & =ty millions ( doll>s4 ,b ! catalogue ( enormities is too long to be recapitulat$ 9 ! pres5t address4 ,we h ?us demon/rat$ t ! compact betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\? embraces e v>iety ( wrong & outrage1--is at w> ) ,god & man1 _c be innoc5tly support$1 & des]ves to be imm$iately annull$4 ,9 behalf ( ! ,society :i* we repres5t1 we call ^u all our fell[-citiz5s1 :o believe x is "r to obey ,god r ?an man1 to decl>e !mselves peaceful revolutioni/s1 & to unite ) u "u ! /a9less bann] ( ,lib]ty1 hav+ = its motto--,,equal ,,rights ,,= ,,all--,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s6 ,x is plead$ t ! ,con/itution provides = its own am5dm5t2 & we ought to use ! elective fran*ise to effect ?is object4 ,true1 !re is su* a proviso2 b1 until ! am5dm5t be made1 t in/rum5t is b9d+ z x /&s4 ,is x n to violate e moral in/9ct1 & to sacrifice pr9ciple to exp$i5cy1 to argue t we may swe> to /eal1 oppress & murd] by :olesale1 because x may be necess>y to d s only = ! "t be+1 & because !re is "s remote probability t ! in/rum5t :i* requires t we %\ld be robb]s1 oppressors & murd]]s1 may at "s future day be am5d$ 9 ^! p>ticul>s8 ,let u n palt] ) our consci5ces 9 ?is mann]--let u n d5y t ! compact 0 conceiv$ 9 s9 & br\ght =? 9 iniquity--let u n be s di%one/1 ev5 to promote a good object1 z to int]pret ! ,con/itution 9 a mann] utt]ly at v>iance ) ! int5tions & arrangem5ts ( ! contract+ p>ties2 b1 confess+ ! guilt ( ! nation1 ackn[l$g+ ! dreadful specifications 9 ! bond1 wa%+ our h&s 9 ! wat]s ( rep5tance f all fur!r p>ticipation 9 ?is crim9al alliance1 & resolv+ t we w su/a9 none o!r ?an a free & righte\s gov]nm5t1 let u glory 9 ! "n ( revolutioni/s1 unfurl ! bann] ( disunion1 & consecrate our tal5ts & means to ! ov]?r[ ( all t is tyrannical 9 ! l&1--to ! e/abli%m5t ( all t is free1 j1 true & holy1--to ! triumph ( univ]sal love & peace4 ,if1 9 utt] disreg>d ( ! hi/orical facts :i* h be5 cit$1 x is /ill ass]t$1 t ! ,con/itution ne$s no am5dm5t to make x a free in/rum5t1 adapt$ to all ! exig5cies ( a free p1 & 0 nev] int5d$ to give any /r5g? or c\nt5ance to ! slave sy/em--! indignant _s ( insult$ ,lib]ty replies2--,:at ?\gh ! ass]tion be true8 ,( :at avail is a m]e piece ( p>*m5t8 ,9 itself1 ?\gh x be writt5 all ov] ) words ( tru? & fre$om--,?\gh its provisions be z imp>tial & j z words c express1 or ! imag9ation pa9t--?\gh x be z pure z ! ,gospel1 & brea! only ! _s ( ,heav5--x is p[]less2 x has no executive vitality3 x is a lifeless corpse1 ev5 ?\gh beautiful 9 dea?4 ,i am fami%+ = lack ( bread6 ,h[ is my appetite reliev$ by hold+ up to my gaze a pa9t$ loaf8 ,i am manacl$1 w\nd$1 ble$+1 dy+6 ,:at consolation is x to "k1 t !y :o are seek+ to de/roy my life1 pr(ess 9 words to be my fri5ds8 ,if ! lib]ties ( ! p h be5 betray$--if judgm5t is turn$ away backw>d1 & ju/ice /&e? af> (f1 & tru? has fall5 9 ! /reets1 & equity _c ent]--if ! pr9ces ( ! l& are ro>+ lions1 ! judges ev5+ wolves1 ! p light & trea*]\s p]sons1 ! prie/s cov]$ ) pollution--if we are liv+ "u a frightful despotism1 :i* sc(fs at all con/itutional re/ra9ts1 & wields ! res\rces ( ! nation to promote its own bloody purposes--tell u n t ! =ms ( fre$om are /ill left to u6 ,w\ld su* tam5ess & submission h freight$ ! ,may-,fl[] = ,plym\? ,rock8 ,w\ld x h resi/$ ! ,/amp ,act1 ! ,tea ,tax1 or any ( ^? ent]+ w$ges ( tyranny ) :i* ! ,briti% gov]nm5t s\ght to rive ! lib]ties ( ,am]ica8 ,! :eel ( ! ,revolution w\ld h ru/$ on its axle1 if a _s s weak _h be5 ! only p[] to give x motion4 ,did our fa!rs say1 :5 _! rights & lib]ties 7 infr+$--,:y1 :at is done _c be undone4 ,t is ! fir/ ?\ght4 ,no1 x 0 ! la/ ?+ !y ?\ght (3 or1 r1 x nev] ent]$ _! m9ds at all4 ,!y sprang to ! conclusion at once--,:at is done ,,%all be undone4 ,t is our ,,fir/ & ,,only ?\ght4 ,is wat] runn+ 9 our ve9s8 ,d we rememb] /ill ,old ,plym\? ,rock1 & ,lex+ton1 & fam\s ,bunk] ,hill8 ,! debt we owe our fa!rs' graves8 & to ! yet unborn1 ,^: h]itage ourselves mu/ make a ?+ ( pride or scorn8 ,gray ,plym\? ,rock ha? yet a tongue1 & ,concord is n dumb2 ,& voices f our fa!rs' graves & f ! future come3 ,!y call on u to /& our gr\nd--!y *>ge u /ill to be ,n only free f *a9s ourselves1 b =emo/ to make free6 ,x is ( little consequ5ce :o is on ! ?rone1 if !re be beh9d x a p[] mighti] ?an ! ?rone4 ,x matt]s n :at is ! !ory ( ! gov]nm5t1 if ! practice ( ! gov]nm5t be unju/ & tyrannical4 ,we rise 9 rebellion aga9/ a despotism incomp>ably m dreadful ?an t :i* induc$ ! coloni/s to take up arms aga9/ ! "m c\ntry2 n on acc\nt ( a ?ree-p5ny tax on tea1 b because fett]s ( liv+ iron are fa/5$ on ! limbs ( millions ( our c\ntrym51 & our mo/ sacr$ rights are trampl$ 9 ! du/4 ,z citiz5s ( ! ,/ate1 we appeal to ! ,/ate 9 va9 = protection & r$ress4 ,z citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 we are treat$ z outlaws 9 "o half ( ! c\ntry1 & ! national gov]nm5t cons5ts to our de/ruction4 ,we are d5i$ ! "r ( locomotion1 fre$om ( spee*1 ! "r ( petition1 ! lib]ty ( ! press1 ! "r peaceably to assemble toge!r to prote/ aga9/ oppression & plead = lib]ty--at lea/ 9 ?irte5 ,/ates ( ! ,union4 ,if we v5ture1 z av[$ & unfl9*+ abolitioni/s1 to travel ,s\? ( ,mason & ,dixon's l9e1 we d s at ! p]il ( our lives4 ,if we w\ld escape torture & dea?1 on visit+ any ( ! slave ,/ates1 we mu/ /ifle our consci5ti\s convictions1 be> no te/imony aga9/ cruelty & tyranny1 suppress ! /ruggl+ emotions ( humanity1 dive/ ourselves ( all lett]s & pap]s ( an anti-slav]y "*1 & d homage to ! slavehold+ p[]--or run ! risk ( a cruel m>tyrdom6 ,^! are appall+ & und5iable facts4 ,?ree millions ( ! ,am]ican p are cru%$ "u ! ,am]ican ,union6 ,!y are held z slaves--traffick$ z m]*&ise--regi/]$ z goods & *attels6 ,! gov]nm5t gives !m no protection--! gov]nm5t is _! enemy--! gov]nm5t keeps !m 9 *a9s6 ,!re !y lie ble$+--we are pro/rate by _! side--9 _! sorr[s & suff]+s we p>ticipate--_! /ripes are inflict$ on our bodies1 _! %ackles are fa/5$ on our limbs1 _! cause is ours6 ,! ,union :i* gr9ds !m to ! du/ re/s ^u u1 & ) !m we w /ruggle to ov]?r[ x6 ,! ,con/itution1 :i* subjects !m to hopeless bondage1 is "o t we _c swe> to support6 ,our motto is1 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s1 ei!r religi\s or political4 ,!y are ! fi]ce/ enemies ( mank9d1 & ! bitt]e/ foes ( ,god6 ,we sep>ate f !m n 9 ang]1 n 9 malice1 n = a selfi% purpose1 n to d !m an injury1 n to cease w>n+1 exhort+1 reprov+ !m = _! crimes1 n to leave ! p]i%+ bondman to 8 fate--,o no6 ,b to cle> our skirts ( innoc5t blood--to give ! oppressor no c\nt5ance--to signify our abhorr5ce ( inju/ice & cruelty--to te/ify aga9/ an ungodly compact--to cease /rik+ h&s ) ?ieves & cons5t+ ) adult]]s--to make no compromise ) tyranny--to walk wor?ily ( our high pr(ession--to increase our moral p[] ov] ! nation--to obey ,god & v9dicate ! ,gospel ( 8 ,son--to ha/5 ! d[nfall ( slav]y 9 ,am]ica1 & ?r\gh\t ! _w6 ,we are n act+ "u a bl9d impulse4 ,we h c>efully c\nt$ ! co/ ( ?is w>f>e1 & are prep>$ to meet its consequ5ces4 ,x w subject u to reproa*1 p]secution1 infamy--x w prove a fi]y ordeal to all :o %all pass ?r\gh x--x may co/ u our lives4 ,we %all be ridicul$ z fools1 scorn$ z vision>ies1 br&$ z disorganiz]s1 revil$ z madm51 ?reat5$ & p]haps puni%$ z traitors4 ,b we %all bide our "t4 ,:e!r safety or p]il1 :e!r victory or defeat1 :e!r life or dea? be ours1 believ+ t our feet are plant$ on an et]nal f\ndation1 t our position is sublime & glori\s1 t our fai? 9 ,god is rational & /eadfa/1 t we h exce$+ great & preci\s promises on :i* to rely1 ,,t ,,we ,,are ,,9 ,,! ,,"r1 we %all n falt] nor be dismay$1 ?\gh ! e>? be remov$1 & ?\gh ! m\nta9s be c>ri$ into ! mid/ ( ! sea1--?\gh our ranks be ?9n$ to ! numb] ( ?ree hundr$ m54 ,freem56 are y ready = ! conflict8 ,come :at may1 w y sev] ! *a9 t b9ds y to a slavehold+ gov]nm5t1 & decl>e y\r indep5d5ce8 ,up1 !n1 ) ! bann] ( revolution6 ,n to %$ blood--n to injure ! p]son or e/ate ( any oppressor--n by =ce & arms to resi/ any law--n to c\nt5ance a s]vile insurrection--n to wield any c>nal weapons6 ,no--ours mu/ be a bloodless /rife1 except+ our blood be %$--= we aim1 z did ,*ri/ our lead]1 n to de/roy m5's lives1 b to save !m--to ov]come evil ) good--to conqu] ?r\gh suff]+ = righte\sness' sake--to set ! captive free by ! pot5cy ( tru?6 ,sec$e1 !n1 f ! gov]nm5t4 ,submit to its exactions1 b pay x no allegiance1 & give x no volunt>y aid4 ,fill no (fices "u x4 ,s5d no s5ators or repres5tatives to ! ,national or ,/ate legislature2 = :at y _c consci5ti\sly p]=m y\rself1 y _c ask ano!r to p]=m z y\r ag5t4 ,circulate a decl>ation ( ,,disunion ,,f ,,slavehold]s1 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,hold mass meet+s--assemble 9 conv5tions--nail y\r bann]s to ! ma/6 ,d y ask :at c be done1 if y ab&on ! ballot box8 ,:at did ! crucifi$ ,naz>5e d )\t ! elective fran*ise8 ,:at did ! apo/les d8 ,:at did ! glori\s army ( m>tyrs & confessors d8 ,:at did ,lu!r & 8 intrepid associates d8 ,:at c wom5 & *ildr5 d8 ,:at has ,fa!r ,mat!w done = teetotalism8 ,:at has ,daniel ,o',connell done = ,iri% repeal8 ,/&1 hav+ y\r lo9s girt ab\t ) tru?1 & hav+ on ! brea/-plate ( righte\sness1 & array$ 9 ! :ole armor ( ,god6 ,! =m ( gov]nm5t t %all succe$ ! pres5t gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 let "t det]m9e4 ,x w\ld he a wa/e ( "t to argue t "q1 until ! p are reg5]at$ & turn$ f _! iniquity4 ,ours is no an>*ical movem5t1 b "o ( ord] & ob$i5ce4 ,9 ceas+ f oppression1 we e/abli% lib]ty4 ,:at is n[ fragm5t>y1 %all 9 due "t be cry/alliz$1 & %9e l a gem set 9 ! heav5s1 = a light to all com+ ages4 ,f9ally--we believe t ! effect ( ?is movem5t w be1--,fir/1 to create discussion & agitation ?r\gh\t ! ,nor?2 & ^! w lead to a g5]al p]ception ( its gr&eur & importance4 ,secondly1 to convulse ! slumb]+ ,s\? l an e>?quake1 & conv9ce h] t h] only alt]native is1 to aboli% slav]y1 or be ab&on$ by t p[] on :i* %e n[ relies = safety4 ,?irdly1 to attack ! slave p[] 9 its mo/ vuln]able po9t1 & to c>ry ! battle to ! gate4 ,f\r?ly1 to exalt ! moral s5se1 increase ! moral p[]1 & invigorate ! moral con/itution ( all :o he>tily esp\se x4 ,we rev]5tly believe t1 9 )draw+ f ! ,am]ican ,union1 we h ! ,god ( ju/ice ) u4 ,we "k t we h our enslav$ c\ntrym5 ) u4 ,we are confid5t t all free he>ts w be ) u4 ,we are c]ta9 t tyrants & _! abettors w be aga9/ u4 ,9 behalf ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ,,wm4 ,,lloyd ,,g>rison1 ,presid5t4 ,,w5dell ,,phillips1 ,secret>ies4 ,,m>ia ,,we/on ,,*apman1 ,bo/on1 ,may #bj1 #ahdd4 ,,lett] ,,f ,,francis ,,jackson4 ,,bo/on1 #d? ,july1 #ahdd4 ,to ,8 ,excell5cy ,george ,n4 ,briggs3 ,,sir--,_m ye>s s9ce1 ,i receiv$ f ! ,executive ( ! ,commonweal? a commission z ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace4 ,i h held ! (fice t x conf]r$ ^u me till ! pres5t "t1 & h f\nd x a conv5i5ce to myself1 & o!rs4 ,x might cont9ue to be s1 c\ld ,i cons5t long] to hold x4 ,b p>am\nt consid]ations =bid1 & ,i h]e) transmit to y my commission1 respectfully ask+ y to accept my resignation4 ,:ile ,i deem x a duty to myself to take ?is /ep1 ,i feel call$ on to /ate ! reasons t influ5ce me4 ,9 ent]+ ^u ! duties ( ! (fice 9 "q1 ,i compli$ ) ! requirem5ts ( ! law1 by tak+ an oa? to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i regret t ,i ev] took t oa?4 ,_h ,i !n z maturely consid]$ its full import1 & ! obligations "u :i* x is und]/ood1 & meant to lay ^? :o take x1 z ,i h done s9ce1 ,i c]ta9ly nev] w\ld h tak5 x1 see+1 z ,i n[ d1 t ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates conta9s provisions calculat$ & int5d$ to fo/]1 *]i%1 uphold & p]petuate slav]y4 ,x pl$ges ! c\ntry to gu>d & protect ! slave sy/em s long z ! slavehold+ ,/ates *oose to reta9 x4 ,x reg>ds ! slave code z lawful 9 ! ,/ates :i* enact x4 ,/ill m1 x has done t1 :i*1 until its adoption1 0 nev] be=e done = ,african slav]y4 ,x took x out ( its =m] category ( municipal law & local life2 adopt$ x z a national in/itution1 spread ar\nd x ! broad & suffici5t %ield ( national law1 & ?us gave to slav]y a national exi/5ce4 ,consequ5tly1 ! oa? to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a solemn promise to d t :i* is morally wrong2 t :i* is a violation ( ! natural rights ( man1 & a s9 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,i am n 9 ?is matt]1 con/itut+ myself a judge ( o!rs4 ,i d n say t no hone/ man c take su* an oa?1 & abide by x4 ,i only say1 t ,i w\ld n n[ delib]ately take x2 & t1 hav+ inconsid]ately tak5 x2 ,i c no long] suff] x to lie ^u my s\l4 ,i take back ! oa?1 & ask y1 sir1 to receive back ! commission1 :i* 0 ! occasion ( my tak+ x4 ,i am aw>e t my c\rse 9 ?is matt] is liable to be reg>d$ z s+ul>1 if n c5surable2 & ,i mu/1 !re=e1 be all[$ to make a m specific /atem5t ( ^? provisions ( ! ,con/itution :i* support ! enorm\s wrong1 ! he9\s s9 ( slav]y4 ,! v fir/ ,article ( ! ,con/itution takes slav]y at once "u its legislative protection1 z a basis ( repres5tation 9 ! popul> bran* ( ! ,national ,legislature4 ,x reg>ds slaves "u ! description ( all o!r p]sons--z ( only ?ree-fif?s ( ! value ( free p]sons2 ?us to appe>ance und]valu+ !m 9 comp>ison ) freem54 ,b its d>k & involv$ phraseology seems int5d$ to bl9d u to ! consid]ation1 t ^? und]rat$ slaves are m]ely a basis1 n ! s\rce ( repres5tation2 t by ! laws ( all ! ,/ates :]e !y live1 !y are reg>d$ n z p]sons1 b z ?+s2 t !y are n ! con/itu5cy ( ! repres5tative1 b 8 prop]ty2 & t ! necess>y effect ( ?is provision ( ! ,con/itution is1 to take legislative p[] out ( ! h&s ( m51 z su*1 & give x to ! m]e possessors ( goods & *attels4 ,fix+ ^u ?irty ?\s& p]sons1 z ! smalle/ numb] t %all s5d "o memb] into ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 x protects slav]y by di/ribut+ legislative p[] 9 a free & 9 a slave ,/ate ?us3 ,to a congressional di/rict 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 conta9+ fifty ?\s& slaves1 claim$ z ! prop]ty ( five hundr$ :ites1 :o hold1 on an av]age1 "o hundr$ apiece1 x gives "o ,repres5tative 9 ,congress2 to a di/rict 9 ,massa*usetts conta9+ a population ( ?irty ?\s& five hundr$1 "o ,repres5tative is assign$4 ,b inasmu* z a slave is nev] p]mitt$ to vote1 ! fifty ?\s& p]sons 9 a di/rict 9 ,c>ol9a =m no "p ( ! con/itu5cy2 t is f\nd only 9 ! five hundr$ free p]sons4 ,five hundr$ freem5 ( ,c>ol9a c\ld s5d "o ,repres5tative to ,congress1 :ile x w\ld take ?irty ?\s& five hundr$ freem5 ( ,massa*usetts1 to d ! same ?+3 t is1 "o slavehold] 9 ,c>ol9a is clo!d by ! ,con/itution ) ! same political p[] & influ5ce 9 ! ,repres5tatives ,hall at ,wa%+ton1 z sixty ,massa*usetts m5 l y & me1 :o eat _! bread 9 ! sweat ( _! own br[s4 ,accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahcj1 & ! ratio ( repres5tation bas$ ^u t1 slave prop]ty add$ tw5ty-five memb]s to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,& z x has be5 e/imat$1 7z an approximation to ! tru?17 t ! two & a half million slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are held z prop]ty by ab\t two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p]sons--giv+ an av]age ( t5 slaves to ea* slavehold]1 ^? tw5ty-five ,repres5tatives1 ea* *os51 at mo/ by only t5 ?\s& vot]s1 & probably by less ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( t numb]1 7 ! repres5tatives n only ( ! two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p]sons :o *ose !m1 b ( prop]ty :i*1 five ye>s ago1 :5 slaves 7 l[] 9 m>ket1 ?an at pres5t1 7 e/imat$1 by ! man :o is n[ ! mo/ prom95t c&idate = ! ,presid5cy1 at twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s--a sum1 :i*1 by ! natural increase ( five ye>s1 & ! enhanc$ value result+ f a m prosp]\s /ate ( ! plant+ int]e/1 _c n[ be less ?an fifte5 hundr$ millions ( doll>s4 ,all ?is va/ am\nt ( prop]ty1 z x is peculi>1 is also id5tical 9 its "*4 ,9 ,congress1 z we h se51 x is animat$ by "o _s1 moves 9 "o mass1 & is wield$ ) "o aim2 & :5 we consid] t tyranny is always timid1 & despotism di/ru/ful1 we see t ?is va/ money p[] w\ld be false to itself1 did x n direct all its eyes & h&s1 & put =? all its +5uity & en]gy1 to "o end--self-protection & self-p]petuation4 ,& ?is x has ev] done4 ,9 all ! vibrations ( ! political scale1 :e!r 9 relation to a ,bank or ,sub-,treasury1 ,free ,trade or a ,t>iff1 ?is imm5se p[] has mov$1 & w cont9ue to move1 9 "o mass1 = its own protection4 ,:ile ! weight ( ! slave influ5ce is ?us felt 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,union1 says ,,john ,,qu9cy ,,adams1 ! proportion ( slavehold+ p[] is /ill great]4 ,by ! influ5ce ( slav]y 9 ! ,/ates :]e ! in/itution is tol]at$1 ov] _! elections1 no o!r ?an a slavehold] c rise to ! di/9ction ( obta9+ a seat 9 ! ,s5ate2 & ?us1 ( ! fifty-two memb]s ( ! f$]al ,s5ate1 tw5ty-six are own]s ( slaves1 & are z effectually repres5tatives ( t int]e/1 z ! eighty-eight memb]s elect$ by !m to ! ,h\se ,! dom9ant p[] :i* ! ,con/itution gives to ! slave int]e/1 z ?us se5 & ex]cis$ 9 ! ,legislative ,halls ( our nation1 is equally obvi\s & obtrusive 9 e o!r dep>tm5t ( ! ,national gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! ,electoral colleges1 ! same cause produces ! same effect--! same p[] is wield$ = ! same purpose1 z 9 ! ,halls ( ,congress4 ,ev5 ! prelim9>y nom9at+ conv5tions1 be=e !y d>e "n a c&idate = ! highe/ (fice 9 ! gift ( ! p1 mu/ ask ( ! ,g5ius ( slav]y1 to :at vot>y %e w %[ h]self propiti\s4 ,?is v ye>1 we see bo? ! great political p>ties do+ homage to ! slave p[]1 by nom9at+ ea* a slavehold] = ! *air ( ,/ate4 ,! c&idate ( "o p>ty decl>es1 ,i %\ld h oppos$1 & w\ld cont9ue to oppose1 any s*eme :atev] ( emancipation1 ei!r gradual or imm$iate2 & adds1 ,x is n true1 & ,i rejoice t x is n true1 t ei!r ( ! two great p>ties ( ?is c\ntry has any design or aim at abolition4 ,i %\ld deeply lam5t x1 if x 7 true4#ab ,footnote #ab3 ,h5ry ,clay's spee* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate 9 #ahci1 & confirm$ at ,raleigh1 ,n4,c4 #ahdd4 ,! o!r p>ty nom9ates a man :o says1 ,i h no hesitation 9 decl>+ t ,i am 9 favor ( ! imm$iate re-annexation ( ,texas to ! t]ritory & gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?us bo? ! political p>ties1 & ! c&idates ( bo?1 vie ) ea* o!r1 9 (f]+ allegiance to ! slave p[]1 z a condition prec$5t to any hope ( success 9 ! /ruggle = ! executive *air2 a seat t1 = m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! exi/5ce ( our con/itutional gov]nm5t1 has be5 occupi$ by a slavehold]4 ,! same /]n despotism ov]%ad[s ev5 ! sanctu>ies ( ju/ice4 ,( ! n9e ,ju/ices ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 five are slavehold]s1 & ( c\rse1 mu/ be fai?less to _! own int]e/1 z well z recreant to ! p[] t gives !m place1 or mu/1 s f> z !y are conc]n$1 give bo? to law & con/itution su* a con/ruction z %all ju/ify ! language ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 :5 he says--,! legislative1 executive1 & judicial au?orities1 are all 9 _! h&s--= ! pres]vation1 propagation1 & p]petuation ( ! black code ( slav]y4 ,e law ( ! legislature becomes a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( ! slave2 e executive act a rivet to 8 hapless fate2 e judicial decision a p]v]sion ( ! human intellect to ! ju/ification ( wrong4 ,?us by m]ely adv]t+ b briefly to ! !ory & ! practical effect ( ?is clause ( ! ,con/itution1 t ,i h sworn to support1 x is se5 t x ?r[s ! political p[] ( ! nation into ! h&s ( ! slavehold]s2 a body ( m51 :i*1 h[ev] x may be reg>d$ by ! ,con/itution z p]sons1 is 9 fact & practical effect1 a va/ money$ corporation1 b\nd toge!r by an indissoluble unity ( int]e/1 by a common s5se ( a common dang]2 c\nsell+ at all times = its common protection2 wield+ ! :ole p[]1 & controll+ ! de/9y ( ! nation4 ,if we look into ! legislative halls1 slav]y is se5 9 ! *air ( ! presid+ (fic] ( ea*2 & controll+ ! action ( bo?4 ,slav]y occupies1 by prescriptive "r1 ! ,presid5tial *air4 ,! p>am\nt voice t comes f ! temple ( national ju/ice1 issues f ! lips ( slav]y4 ,! army is 9 ! h&s ( slav]y1 & at h] bidd+1 mu/ encamp 9 ! ev]glades ( ,florida1 or m>* f ! ,miss\ri to ! bord]s ( ,mexico1 to look aft] h] int]e/s 9 ,texas4 ,! navy1 ev5 t "p t is cruis+ (f ! coa/ ( ,africa1 to suppress ! =eign slave trade1 is 9 ! h&s ( slav]y4 ,freem5 ( ! ,nor?1 :o h ev5 d>$ to lift up _! voice aga9/ slav]y1 _c travel ?r\gh ! slave ,/ates1 b at ! p]il ( _! lives4 ,! repres5tatives ( freem5 are =bidd51 on ! floor ( ,congress1 to remon/rate aga9/ ! encroa*m5ts ( slav]y1 or to pray t %e w\ld let h] poor victims g4 ,i r5\nce my allegiance to a ,con/itution t en?rones su* a p[]1 wield$ = ! purpose ( depriv+ me ( my rights1 ( robb+ my c\ntrym5 ( _! lib]ties1 & ( secur+ its own protection1 support & p]petuation4 ,pass+ by t clause ( ! ,con/itution1 :i* re/rict$ ,congress = tw5ty ye>s1 f pass+ any law aga9/ ! ,african slave trade1 & :i* gave au?ority to raise a rev5ue on ! /ol5 sons ( ,africa1 ,i come to t "p ( ! f\r? article1 :i* gu>antees protection aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce1 :i* pl$ges to ! ,s\? ! milit>y =ce ( ! c\ntry1 to protect ! ma/]s aga9/ _! insurg5t slaves1 & b9ds u1 & our *ildr51 to %oot d[n our fell[-c\ntrym51 :o may rise1 9 emulation ( our revolution>y fa!rs1 to v9dicate _! inali5able "r to life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess1--?is clause ( ! ,con/itution1 ,i say di/9ctly1 ,i nev] w support4 ,t "p ( ! ,con/itution :i* provides = ! surr5d] ( fugitive slaves1 ,i nev] h support$ & nev] w4 ,i w jo9 9 no slave-hunt4 ,my door %all /& op51 z x has long /ood1 = ! pant+ & trembl+ victim ( ! slave-hunt]4 ,:5 ,i %ut x aga9/ him1 may ,god %ut ! door ( 8 m]cy aga9/ me6 ,"u ?is clause ( ! ,con/itution1 & design$ to c>ry x into effect1 slav]y has dem&$ t laws %\ld be pass$1 & ( su* a "*1 z h left ! free citiz5 ( ! ,nor? )\t protection = 8 own lib]ty4 ,! "q1 :e!r a man seiz$ 9 a free ,/ate z a slave1 is a slave or n1 ! law ( ,congress does n all[ a jury to det]m9e3 b ref]s x to ! decision ( a ,judge ( a ,unit$ ,/ates' ,c\rt1 or ev5 ( ! humble/ ,/ate magi/rate1 x may be1 ^u ! te/imony or affidavit ( ! p>ty mo/ deeply int]e/$ to support ! claim4 ,by virtue ( ?is law1 freem5 h be5 seiz$ & dragg$ into p]petual slav]y--& %\ld ,i be seiz$ by a slave-hunt] 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry :]e ,i am n p]sonally kn[n1 nei!r ! ,con/itution nor laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld %ield me f ! same de/9y4 ,^!1 sir1 are ! specific p>ts ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* 9 my op9ion are ess5tially vici\s1 ho/ile at once to ! lib]ty & to ! morals ( ! nation4 ,& ^! are ! pr9cipal reasons ( my refusal any long] to ackn[l$ge my allegiance to x1 & ( my det]m9ation to revoke my oa? to support x4 ,i _c1 9 ord] to keep ! law ( man1 break ! law ( ,god1 or solemnly call him to witness my promise t ,i w break x4 ,x is true t ! ,con/itution provides = its own am5dm5t1 & t by ?is process1 all ! gu>antees ( ,slav]y may be expung$4 ,b x w be "t en\gh to swe> to support x :5 ?is is done4 ,x _c be "r to d s1 until ^! am5dm5ts are made4 ,x is also true t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution did /udi\sly keep ! words ,slave & ,slav]y f its face4 ,b to d our con/itutional fa!rs ju/ice1 :ile !y =ebore--f v %ame--to give ! ^w ,slav]y a place 9 ! ,con/itution1 !y did n =be>--aga9 to d !m ju/ice--to give place 9 x to ! ?+4 ,!y 7 c>eful to wrap up ! idea1 & ! sub/ance ( ,slav]y1 9 ! clause = ! surr5d] ( ! fugitive1 ?\gh !y sacrific$ ju/ice 9 do+ s4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce t ?is clause t\*+ p]sons held to s]vice or labor1 n only op]ates practically1 "u ! ,judicial con/ruction1 = ! protection ( ! slave int]e/2 b t x 0 int5d$ s to op]ate by ! f>m]s ( ! ,con/itution4 ,! highe/ ,judicial au?orities--,*ief ,ju/ice ,,%aw1 ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,massa*usetts1 9 ! ,,latim] case1 & ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,,/ory1 9 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ! case ( ,prigg vs4 ,! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania1--tell u1 ,i "k n on :at evid5ce1 t )\t ?is compromise1 ?is security = ,s\!rn slavehold]s1 ! ,union c\ld n h be5 =m$4 ,& !re is /ill high] evid5ce1 n only t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution meant by ?is clause to protect slav]y1 b t !y did ?is1 kn[+ t slav]y 0 wrong4 ,mr4 ,,madison#ac in=ms u t ! clause 9 "q1 z x came ( ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,,johnson1 ! *airman ( ! committee on /yle1 read ?us3 ,no p]son legally held to s]vice1 or labor1 9 "o ,/ate1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 c4 & t ! ^w legally 0 /ruck out1 & ! words "u ! laws !re( ins]t$ aft] ! ^w ,/ate1 9 compliance ) ! wi% ( "s1 :o ?\ght ! t]m legal equivocal1 & favor+ ! idea t slav]y 0 legal 9 a moral view4 ,a conclusive pro( t1 al?\gh future g5]ations might apply t clause to o!r k9ds ( s]vice or labor1 :5 slav]y %\ld h di$ out1 or be5 kill$ (f by ! "y _s ( lib]ty1 :i* 0 !n awake & at "w 9 ! l&2 /ill1 slav]y 0 :at !y 7 wrapp+ up 9 equivocal words2 & wrapp+ x up = its protection & safe keep+3 a conclusive pro( t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution 7 m c>eful to protect !mselves 9 ! judgm5t ( com+ g5]ations1 f ! *>ge ( ignorance1 ?an ( s92 a conclusive pro( t !y knew t slav]y 0 n legal 9 a moral view1 t x 0 a violation ( ! moral law ( ,god2 & yet kn[+ & confess+ its immorality1 !y d>$ to make ?is /ipulation = its support & def5ce4 ,footnote #ac3 ,madison ,pap]s1 p4 #aehi4 ,?is language may s\nd h>% to ! e>s ( ^? :o ?9k x a "p ( _! duty1 z citiz5s1 to ma9ta9 t :atev] ! patriots ( ! ,revolution did1 0 "r2 & :o hold t we are b\nd to d all ! iniquity t !y cov5ant$ = u t we %\ld d4 ,b ! claims ( tru? & "r are p>am\nt to all o!r claims4 ,) all our v5]ation = our con/itutional fa!rs1 we mu/ admit1--= !y h left on record _! own confession ( x1--t 9 ?is "p ( _! "w !y int5d$ to hold ! %ield ( _! protection ov] a wrong1 kn[+ t x 0 a wrong4 ,!y made a compromise :i* !y _h no "r to make--a compromise ( moral pr9ciple = ! sake ( :at !y probably reg>d$ z political exp$i5cy4 ,i am sure !y did n "k--no man c\ld "k1 or c n[ measure1 ! ext5t1 or ! consequ5ces ( ! wrong t !y 7 do+4 ,9 ! /rong language ( ,,john ,,qu9cy ,,adams1#ad 9 relation to ! article fix+ ! basis ( repres5tation1 ,little did ! memb]s ( ! ,conv5tion1 f ! free ,/ates1 imag9e or =esee :at a sacrifice to ,molo* 0 hidd5 "u ! mask ( ?is concession4 ,footnote #ad3 ,see 8 ,report on ! ,massa*usetts ,resolutions4 ,i v]ily believe t1 giv+ all due consid]ation to ! b5efits conf]r$ ^u ?is nation by ! ,con/itution1 its national unity1 its swell+ masses ( weal?1 its p[]1 & ! ext]nal prosp]ity ( its multiply+ millions2 yet ! moral injury t has be5 done1 by ! c\nt5ance %[n to slav]y2 by hold+ ov] t trem5d\s s9 ! %ield ( ! ,con/itution1 & ?us break+ d[n 9 ! eyes ( ! nation ! b>ri] betwe5 "r & wrong2 by s t5d]ly *]i%+ slav]y z1 9 less ?an ! life ( a man1 to multiply h] *ildr5 f half a million to ne>ly ?ree millions2 by enact+ oa?s f ^? :o occupy prom95t /ations 9 society1 t !y w violate at once ! rights ( man & ! law ( ,god2 by sub/itut+ itself z a rule ( "r1 9 place ( ! moral laws ( ! univ]se2--?us 9 effect1 de?ron+ ! ,almighty 9 ! he>ts ( ?is p & sett+ up ano!r sov]eign 9 8 /ead--m ?an outweighs x all4 ,a melan*oly & monitory lesson ?is1 to all "t-s]v+ & temporiz+ /atesm56 ,a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! impolicy ( sacrific+ "r to any consid]ations ( exp$i5cy6 ,yet1 :at bett] ?an ! evil effects t we h se51 c\ld ! au?ors ( ! ,con/itution h reasonably expect$1 f ! sacrifice ( "r1 9 ! concessions !y made to slav]y8 ,0 x reasonable 9 !m to expect t1 aft] !y _h introduc$ a vici\s elem5t into ! v ,con/itution ( ! body politic :i* !y 7 call+ into life1 x w\ld n ex]t its vici\s en]gies8 ,0 x reasonable 9 !m to expect t1 aft] slav]y _h be5 corrupt+ ! public morals = a :ole g5]ation1 _! *ildr5 w\ld h too mu* virtue to use = ! def5ce ( slav]y1 a p[] :i* !y !mselves _h n too mu* virtue to give8 ,x is dang]\s = ! sov]eign p[] ( a ,/ate to lic5se immorality2 to hold ! %ield ( its protection ov] any?+ t is n legal 9 a moral view4 ,br+ into y\r h\se a b5umb$ vip]1 & lay x d[n ^u y\r w>m he>?1 & soon x w n ask y into :i* room x may crawl4 ,let ,slav]y once lean ^u ! support+ arm1 & bask 9 ! fo/]+ smile ( ! ,/ate1 & y w soon see1 z we n[ see1 bo? h] m9ions & h] victims multiply apace1 till ! politics1 ! morals1 ! lib]ties1 ev5 ! religion ( ! nation1 are br\ght completely "u h] control4 ,to me1 x appe>s t ! virus ( slav]y1 introduc$ into ! ,con/itution ( our body politic1 by a few slight punctures1 has n[ s p]vad$ & poison$ ! :ole sy/em ( our ,national ,gov]nm5t1 t lit]ally !re is no heal? 9 x4 ,! only rem$y t ,i c see = ! disease1 is to be f\nd 9 ! dissolution ( ! pati5t4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 bo? 9 !ory & practice1 is s utt]ly brok5 d[n by ! influ5ce & effects ( slav]y1 s imbecile = ! highe/ good ( ! nation1 & s p[]ful = evil1 t ,i c give no volunt>y assi/ance 9 hold+ x up any long]4 ,h5ce=? x is dead to me1 & ,i to x4 ,i )draw all pr(ession ( allegiance to x1 & all my volunt>y ef=ts to su/a9 x4 ,! burd5s t x lays ^u me1 :ile x is held up by o!rs1 ,i %all endeavor to be> pati5tly1 yet act+ ) ref]5ce to a high] law1 & di/9ctly decl>+1 t :ile ,i reta9 my own lib]ty1 ,i w be a p>ty to no compact1 :i* helps to rob any o!r man ( 84 ,v respectfully1 y\r fri5d1 ,,francis ,,jackson ,,f ,,mr4 ,,web/]',s ,,spee* ,,at ,,niblo',s ,,g>d5s4 ,we h slav]y1 already1 among/ u4 ,! ,con/itution f\nd x among u2 x recogniz$ x & gave x ,,solemn ,,gu>anties4 ,to ! full ext5t ( ^! gu>anties we are all b\nd1 9 honor1 9 ju/ice1 & by ! ,con/itution4 ,all ! /ipulations1 conta9$ 9 ! ,con/itution1 9 favor ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates :i* are already 9 ! ,union1 ought to be fulfill$1 & s f> z dep5ds on me1 %all be fulfill$1 9 ! fulness ( _! _s1 & to ! exactness ( _! lett]4 666 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,john ,q4 ,,adams',s ,,address ,,at ,,nor? ,,bridgewat]1 ,,novemb] #f1 #ahdd4 ,! b5efits ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7 ! re/oration ( cr$it & reputation1 to ! c\ntry--! revival ( comm]ce1 navigation1 & %ip-build+--! acquisition ( ! means ( dis*>g+ ! debts ( ! ,revolution1 & ! protection & enc\ragem5t ( ! infant & droop+ manufactures ( ! c\ntry4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 z is n[ well asc]ta9$1 0 insuffici5t to propitiate ! rul]s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution4 ,:at !y specially want$ 0 protection4--,protection f ! p[]ful & savage tribes ( ,indians )9 _! bord]s1 & :o 7 h>ass+ !m ) ! mo/ t]rible ( w>s--& protection f _! own negroes--protection f _! insurrections--protection f _! escape--protection ev5 to ! trade by :i* !y 7 br\ght into ! c\ntry--protection1 %all ,i n blu% to say1 protection to ! v bondage by :i* !y 7 held4 ,yes6 x _c be d5i$--! slavehold+ lords ( ! ,s\? prescrib$1 z a condition ( _! ass5t to ! ,con/itution1 ?ree special provisions to secure ! p]petuity ( _! dom9ion ov] _! slaves4 ,! fir/ 0 ! immunity = tw5ty ye>s ( pres]v+ ! ,african slave-trade2 ! second 0 ! /ipulation to surr5d] fugitive slaves--an engagem5t positively prohibit$ by ! laws ( ,god1 deliv]$ f ,s9ai2 & ?irdly1 ! exaction fatal to ! pr9ciples ( popul> repres5tation1 ( a repres5tation = slaves--= articles ( m]*&ise1 "u ! "n ( p]sons4 ,! reluctance ) :i* ! freem5 ( ! ,nor? submitt$ to ! dictation ( ^! conditions1 is atte/$ by ! awkw>d & ambigu\s language 9 :i* !y are express$4 ,! ^w slave is mo/ cauti\sly & fa/idi\sly exclud$ f ! :ole in/rum5t4 ,a /rang]1 :o %\ld come f a =eign l&1 & read ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld n believe t slav]y or a slave exi/$ )9 ! bord]s ( our c\ntry4 ,!re is n a ^w 9 ! ,con/itution app>5tly be>+ ^u ! condition ( slav]y1 nor is !re a provision b w\ld be susceptible ( practical execution1 if !re 7 n a slave 9 ! l&4 ,! delegates f ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia di/9ctly av[$ t1 )\t ?is gu>antee ( protection to _! prop]ty 9 slaves1 !y w\ld n yield _! ass5t to ! ,con/itution2 & ! freem5 ( ! ,nor?1 r$uc$ to ! alt]native ( dep>t+ f ! vital pr9ciple ( _! lib]ty1 or ( =feit+ ! ,union itself1 av]t$ _! faces1 & ) trembl+ h& subscrib$ ! bond4 ,tw5ty ye>s pass$ away--! slave m>kets ( ! ,s\? 7 saturat$ ) ! blood ( ,african bondage1 & f midnight ( ! #ca/ ( ,decemb]1 #ahjg1 n a slave f ,africa 0 suff]$ ev] m to be introduc$ ^u our soil4 ,b ! int]nal traffic 0 /ill lawful1 & ! bre$+ ,/ates soon reconcil$ !mselves to a prohibition :i* gave !m ! monopoly ( ! int]dict$ trade1 & !y jo9$ ! full *orus ( reprobation1 to puni% ) dea? ! slave-trad] f ,africa1 :ile !y *]i%$ & %ield$ & enjoy$ ! preci\s pr(its ( ! ,am]ican slave-trade exclusively to !mselves4 ,p]haps ?is unhappy result ( _! concession _h n altoge!r escap$ ! =esight ( ! freem5 ( ! ,nor?2 b _! int5se anxiety = ! pres]vation ( ! :ole ,union1 & ! habit already =m$ ( yield+ to ! some:at p]emptory & ov]be>+ tone :i* ! relation ( ma/] & slave welds into ! nature ( ! "l1 prevail$ ) !m to ov]look ?is consid]ation1 ! int]nal slave-trade hav+ sc>cely exi/$1 :ile t ) ,africa _h be5 all[$4 ,b ( "o consequ5ce :i* has foll[$ f ! slave repres5tation1 p]vad+ ! :ole organic /ructure ( ! ,con/itution1 !y c]ta9ly 7 n presci5t2 = if !y _h be51 nev]--no1 nev] w\ld !y h cons5t$ to x4 ,! repres5tation1 o/5sibly ( slaves1 "u ! "n ( p]sons1 0 9 its op]ation an exclusive grant ( p[] to "o class ( proprietors1 own]s ( "o species ( prop]ty1 to ! detrim5t ( all ! re/ ( ! community4 ,?is species ( prop]ty 0 odi\s 9 its nature1 held 9 direct violation ( ! natural & inali5able rights ( man1 & ( ! vital pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity2 x 0 all accumulat$ 9 "o geographical section ( ! c\ntry1 & 0 all held by weal?y m51 comp>atively small 9 numb]s1 n am\nt+ to a t5? "p ( ! free :ite population ( ! ,/ates 9 :i* x 0 conc5trat$4 ,9 "s ( ! anci5t1 & 9 "s mod]n republics1 extraord9>y political p[] & privileges h be5 inve/$ 9 ! own]s ( horses b !n ^! privileges & ^! p[]s h be5 grant$ = ! equival5t ( extraord9>y duties & s]vices to ! community1 requir$ ( ! favor$ class4 ,! ,roman knights con/itut$ ! cavalry ( _! armies1 & ! bu%els ( r+s ga!r$ by ,hannibal f _! dead bodies1 aft] ! battle ( ,cannae1 amply prove t ! special p[]s conf]r$ ^u !m 7 no gratuit\s grants4 ,b 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! political p[] inve/$ 9 ! own]s ( slaves is entirely gratuit\s4 ,no extraord9>y s]vice is requir$ ( !m2 !y are1 on ! contr>y1 !mselves griev\s burd5s ^u ! community1 always ?reat5$ ) ! dang] ( insurrections1 to be smo!r$ 9 ! blood ( bo? p>ties1 ma/] & slave1 & always depress+ ! condition ( ! poor free labor]1 by competition ) ! labor ( ! slave4 ,! prop]ty 9 horses 0 ! gift ( ,god to man1 at ! creation ( ! _w2 ! prop]ty 9 slaves is prop]ty acquir$ & held by crimes1 diff]+ 9 no moral aspect f ! pillage ( a freeboot]1 & to :i* no lapse ( "t c give a prescriptive "r4 ,y are told t ?is is no conc]n ( y\rs1 & t ! "q ( fre$om & slav]y is exclusively res]v$ to ! consid]ation ( ! sep>ate ,/ates4 ,b if x be s1 z to ! m]e "q ( "r betwe5 ma/] & slave1 x is ( trem5d\s conc]n to y t ?is little clu/] ( slave-own]s %\ld possess1 besides _! own %>e 9 ! repres5tative hall ( ! nation1 ! exclusive privilege ( appo9t+ two-fif?s ( ! :ole numb] ( ! repres5tatives ( ! p4 ,?is is n[ y\r condition1 "u t delusive ambiguity ( language & ( pr9ciple1 :i* beg9s by decl>+ ! repres5tation 9 ! popul> bran* ( ! legislature a repres5tation ( p]sons1 & !n provides t "o class ( p]sons %all h nei!r "p nor lot 9 ! *oice ( _! repres5tatives2 b _! elective fran*ise %all be transf]r$ to _! ma/]s1 & ! oppressors %all repres5t ! oppress$4 ,! same p]v]sion ( ! repres5tative pr9ciple pollutes ! composition ( ! colleges ( electors ( ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & e dep>tm5t ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,union is ?us ta9t$ at its s\rce by ! gangr5e ( slav]y4 ,fell[-citiz5s1--) a body ( m5 ?us compos$1 = legislators & executors ( ! laws1 :at w1 :at mu/ be1 :at has be5 y\r legislation8 ,! numb]s ( freem5 con/itut+ y\r nation are mu* great] ?an ^? ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 bond & free4 ,y h at lea/ ?ree-fif?s ( ! :ole population ( ! ,union4 ,y\r influ5ce on ! legislation & ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t ought to be 9 ! proportion ( ?ree to two--,b h[ /&s ! fact8 ,besides ! legitimate portion ( influ5ce ex]cis$ by ! slavehold+ ,/ates by ! measure ( _! numb]s1 "h is an intrusive influ5ce 9 e dep>tm5t1 by a repres5tation nom9ally ( p]sons1 b really ( prop]ty1 o/5sibly ( slaves1 b effectively ( _! ma/]s1 ov]balanc+ y\r sup]iority ( numb]s1 add+ two-fif?s ( supplem5t>y p[] to ! two-fif?s fairly secur$ to !m by ! compact1 ,,controll+ ,,& ,,ov]rul+ ,,! ,,:ole ,,action ,,( ,,y\r ,,gov]nm5t ,,at ,,home ,,& ,,abroad1 & w>p+ x to ! sordid private int]e/ & oppressive policy ( #cjj1jjj own]s ( slaves4 ,f ! "t ( ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y has be5 becom+ m & m ! abhorr5ce ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,b 9 proportion z x has be5 gr[+ odi\s to all ! re/ ( mank9d1 x has be5 s9k+ deep] & deep] into ! affections ( ! hold]s ( slaves !mselves4 ,! cultivation ( cotton & ( sug>1 unkn[n 9 ! ,union at ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,con/itution1 has add$ l>gely to ! pecuni>y value ( ! slave4 ,aud ! suppression ( ! ,african slave-trade z piracy ^u pa9 ( dea?1 by secur+ ! b5efit ( a monopoly to ! virtu\s slavehold]s ( ! anci5t dom9ion1 has turn$ h] h]oic tyrannicides into a community ( slave-bre$]s = sale1 & conv]t$ ! l& ( ,,george ,,wa%+ton1 ,,patrick ,,h5ry1 ,,ri*>d ,,h5ry ,,lee1 & ,,?omas ,,jeff]son1 into a great b>racoon--a cattle-%[ ( human be+s1 an emporium1 ( :i* ! /aple articles ( m]*&ise are ! fle% & blood1 ! bones & s9ews ( immortal man4 ,( ! increas+ abom9ation ( slav]y 9 ! unb\ght he>ts ( m5 at ! "t :5 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 =m$1 :at cle>] pro( c\ld be desir$1 ?an t ! v same ye> 9 :i* t *>t] ( ! l& 0 issu$1 ! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation1 ) n a ti! ( ! p[]s giv5 by ! p to ! ,congress ( ! new compact1 actually aboli%$ slav]y = ev] ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,nor?we/]n t]ritory1 )\t a remon/rance or a murmur4 ,b 9 ! articles ( conf$]ation1 !re 0 no gu>anty = ! prop]ty ( ! slavehold]--no d\ble repres5tation ( him 9 ! ,f$]al c\ncils--no p[] ( taxation--no /ipulation = ! recov]y ( fugitive slaves4 ,b :5 ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t came to be delegat$ to ! ,union1 ! ,s\?--t is1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia--refus$ _! subscription to ! p>*m5t1 till x %\ld be saturat$ ) ! infection ( slav]y1 :i* no fumigation c\ld purify1 no qu>ant9e c\ld ext+ui%4 ,! freem5 ( ! ,nor? gave way1 & ! deadly v5om ( slav]y 0 infus$ into ! ,con/itution ( fre$om4 ,its fir/ consequ5ce has be5 to inv]t ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ,democracy1 t ! w ( ! majority ( numb]s %all rule ! l&4 ,by means ( ! d\ble repres5tation1 ! m9ority comm& ! :ole1 & a ,,knot ,,( ,,slavehold]s ,,give ,,! ,,law ,,& ,,prescribe ,,! ,,policy ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry4 ,to acquire ?is sup]iority ( a l>ge majority ( freem51 a p]sev]+ sy/em ( engross+ ne>ly all ! seats ( p[] & place1 is con/antly = a long s]ies ( ye>s pursu$1 & y h se51 9 a p]iod ( fifty-six ye>s1 ! ,*ief-magi/racy ( ! ,union held1 dur+ =ty-f\r ( !m1 by ! own]s ( slaves4 ,! ,executive dep>tm5t1 ! ,army & ,navy1 ! ,supreme ,judicial ,c\rt & diplomatic missions abroad1 all pres5t ! same spectacle2--an imm5se majority ( p[] 9 ! h&s ( a v small m9ority ( ! p--millions made = a fraction ( a few ?\s&s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f t day 7#ahcj17 ,,slav]y1 ,,slavehold+1 ,,slave-,,bre$+ ,,& ,,slave-,,trad+1 ,,h ,,=m$ ,,! ,,:ole ,,f\ndation ,,( ,,! ,,policy ,,( ,,! ,,f$]al ,,gov]nm5t1 & ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 at home & abroad2 & at ! v "t :5 a new c5sus has exhibit$ a l>ge increase ^u ! sup]ior numb]s ( ! free ,/ates1 x has pres5t$ ! port5t\s evid5ce ( increas$ influ5ce & asc5dancy ( ! slave-hold+ p[]4 ,( ! preval5ce ( t p[]1 y h _h cont9ual & conclusive evid5ce 9 ! suppression = ! space ( t5 ye>s ( ! "r ( petition1 gu>anti$1 if !re c\ld be a gu>antee aga9/ slav]y1 by ! fir/ article am5datory ( ! ,con/itution4 ,no4 #ab4 ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 ,,*attel ,,pr9ciple ,,! ,,abhorr5ce ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,! ,,apo/les2 ,,or1 ,,no ,,refuge ,,= ,,am]ican ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,,by ,,b]iah ,,gre54 ,,new ,,york ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet #ahci ,?is ,no4 conta9s #d-a_/b %eet--,po/age "u #ajj miles1 #g cts4 ov] #ajj1 #aj cts4 ,please ,read & circulate4 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,aga9/ ,,slav]y4 ,,! ,,son ,,( ,,man ,,is ,,come ,,to ,,seek ,,& ,,to ,,save ,,t ,,:i* ,,0 ,,lo/4 ,is ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y8 ,9 #aggf ,,?omas ,,jeff]son1 support$ by a noble b& ( patriots & surr\nd$ by ! ,am]ican p1 op5$ 8 lips 9 ! au?oritative decl>ation3 ,we hold ^! tru?s to be ,,self-,,evid5t1 t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among ^! are life1 ,,lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,& f ! inmo/ he>t ( ! multitudes ar\nd1 & 9 a /rong & cle> voice1 broke =? ! unanim\s & decisive answ]3 ,am5--su* tru?s we d inde$ hold to be self-evid5t4 ,& animat$ & su/a9$ by a decl>ation1 s inspir+ & sublime1 !y ru%$ to arms1 & z ! result ( agoniz+ ef=ts & dreadful suff]+s1 a*iev$ "u ,god ! indep5d5ce ( _! c\ntry4 ,! great tru?1 :5ce !y d]iv$ light & /r5g? to ass]t & def5d _! rights1 !y made ! f\ndation ( _! republic4 ,& 9 ! mid/ ( ?is republic1 mu/ we prove1 t ,he1 :o 0 ! ,tru?1 did n contradict ! tru?s :i* ,he ,himself2 z _! ,creator1 _h made self-evid5t to mank9d8 ,is ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y8 ,:at1 accord+ to ^? laws :i* make x :at x is1 is ,am]ican slav]y8 ,9 ! ,/atute-book ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a ?us x is writt53#a ,slaves %all be deem$1 held1 tak51 reput$ & adjudg$ 9 law to be *attels p]sonal 9 ! h&s ( _! own]s & possessors1 & _! executors1 adm9i/rators & assigns1 to all int5ts1 con/ruction & purposes :atev]4 ,! v root ( ,am]ican slav]y consi/s 9 ! assumption1 t law has r$uc$ m5 to *attels4 ,b ?is assumption is1 & mu/ be1 a gross falsehood4 ,m5 & cattle are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by ! ,creator1 immutably1 et]nally1 & by an impassable gulf4 ,to conf\nd or id5tify m5 & cattle mu/ be to lie mo/ wantonly1 impud5tly1 & malici\sly4 ,& mu/ we prove1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is n 9 favor ( palpable1 mon/r\s falsehood8 ,footnote #a3 ,/r\d's ,slave ,laws1 p4 #bc4 ,is ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y8 ,h[ c a sy/em1 built ^u a /\t & impud5t d5ial ( self-evid5t tru?--a sy/em ( treat+ m5 l cattle--op]ate8 ,?omas ,jeff]son %all answ]4 ,he> him4 ,! :ole comm]ce betwe5 ma/] & slave is a p]petual ex]cise ( ! mo/ boi/]\s passions2 ! mo/ unremitt+ despotism on ! "o "p1 & degrad+ submission on ! o!r4 ,! p>5t /orms1 ! *ild looks on1 cat*es ! l9eam5ts ( wra?1 puts on ! same airs 9 ! circle ( small] slaves1 gives loose to 8 wor/ passions1 & ?us nurs$1 educat$1 & daily ex]cis$ 9 tyranny1 _c b be /amp$ by x ) odi\s peculi>ities4 ,! man mu/ be a prodigy1 :o c reta9 8 mann]s & morals undeprav$ by su* circum/ances4#b ,su* is ! practical op]ation ( a sy/em1 :i* puts m5 & cattle into ! same family & treats !m alike4 ,& mu/ we prove1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is n 9 favor ( a s*ool :]e ! wor/ vices 9 _! mo/ hateful =ms are sy/ematically & effici5tly taught & practic$8 ,is ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y8 ,:at1 9 #ahah1 did ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* affirm respect+ its nature & op]ation8 ,slav]y creates a p>adox 9 ! moral sy/em--x exhibits rational1 acc\ntable1 & immortal be+s1 9 su* circum/ances z sc>cely to leave !m ! p[] ( moral action4 ,x exhibits !m z dep5d5t on ! w ( o!rs1 :e!r !y %all receive religi\s in/ruction2 :e!r !y %all "k & wor%ip ! true ,god2 :e!r !y %all enjoy ! ord9ances ( ! gospel2 :e!r !y %all p]=m ! duties & *]i% ! ende>m5ts ( husb&s & wives1 p>5ts & *ildr51 neighbors & fri5ds2 :e!r !y %all pres]ve _! *a/ity & purity1 or reg>d ! dictates ( ju/ice & humanity4 ,su* are "s ( ! consequ5ces ( slav]y2 consequ5ces n imag9>y1 b :i* connect !mselves ) its v exi/5ce4 ,! evils to :i* ! slave is always expos$1 (t5 take place 9 _! v wor/ degree & =m2 & :]e all ( !m d n take place1 /ill ! slave is depriv$ ( 8 natural rights1 degrad$ z a human be+1 & expos$ to ! dang] ( pass+ into ! h&s ( a ma/] :o may inflict ^u him all ! h>d%ip & injuries :i* inhumanity & av>ice may sugge/4#c ,mu/ we prove1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is n 9 favor ( su* ?+s8 ,footnote #b3 ,notes on ,virg9ia1 ,bo/on ,ed4 #ahcb1 pp4 #afi1 #agj4 ,footnote #c3 ,m9utes ( ! ,g5]al assembly = #ahah1 p4 #bi4 ,is ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y8 ,x is already widely felt & op5ly ackn[l$g$ at ! ,s\?1 t !y _c support slav]y )\t su/a9+ ! opposition ( univ]sal ,*ri/5dom4 ,& ,?omas ,jeff]son decl>$1 ,i tremble = my c\ntry :5 ,i reflect t ,god is j2 t 8 ju/ice c n sleep =ev]2 t consid]+ numb]s1 nature1 & natural means only1 a revolution ( ! :eel ( =tune1 an ex*ange ( situation1 is among possible ev5ts2 t x may become practicable by sup]natural influ5ces6 ,! ,almighty has no attribute :i* c take sides ) u 9 su* a conte/4#d ,& mu/ we prove1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is n 9 favor ( :at univ]sal ,*ri/5dom is impell$ to abhor1 d5\nce1 & oppose2 is n 9 favor ( :at e attribute ( ,almighty ,god is arm$ aga9/8 ,footnote #d3 ,notes on ,virg9ia1 ,bo/on ,ed4 #ahcb1 pp4 #agj1 #aga4 ,,ye ,,h ,,despis$ ,,! ,,poor4 ,x is no man ( /raw1 ) :om1 9 mak+ out su* pro(1 we are call$ to cont5d4 ,w\ld to ,god we _h no o!r antagoni/6 ,w\ld to ,god t our labor ( love c\ld be reg>d$ z a "w ( sup]]ogation6 ,b we may well be a%am$ & griev$ to f9d x necess>y to /op ! m\?s ( grave & le>n$ ecclesia/ics1 :o f ! heights ( ,zion h und]tak5 to def5d ! in/itution ( slav]y4 ,we speak n n[ ( ^?1 :o amid/ ! monum5ts ( oppression are engag$ 9 ! sacr$ vocation2 :o1 z m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 c prophesy smoo? ?+s to su* z pollute ! alt> ( ,jehovah ) human sacrifices2 nay1 :o !mselves b9d ! victim & k9dle ! sacrifice4 ,t !y %\ld put _! ,savior to ! torture1 to wr+ f 8 lips some?+ 9 favor ( slav]y1 is n to be wond]$ at4 ,!y cons5t to ! murd] ( ! *ildr52 c !y respect ! rights ( ! ,fa!r8 ,b :at %all we say ( di/+ui%$ !ologians ( ! nor?--pr(essors ( sacr$ lit]ature at our olde/ div9ity s*ools--:o /& up to def5d1 bo? by argum5t & au?ority1 s\!rn slav]y6 ,& f ! ,bible6 ,:o1 ,balaam-l1 try a ?\s& exp$i5ts to =ce f ! m\? ( ,jehovah a s5t5ce :i* !y "k ! he>t ( ,jehovah abhors6 ,surely we h "h some?+ m mis*iev\s & =midable ?an a man ( /raw4 ,m ?an two ye>s ago1 & j be=e ! meet+ ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 appe>$ an article 9 ! ,biblical ,rep]tory1#e und]/ood to be f ! p5 ( ! ,pr(essor ( ,sacr$ ,lit]ature at ,pr9ceton1 9 :i* an ef=t is made to %[1 t slav]y1 :atev] may be said ( any abuses ( x1 is n a violation ( ! precepts ( ! ,gospel4 ,?is article1 we are in=m$1 0 indu/ri\sly & ext5sively di/ribut$ among ! memb]s ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly--a body ( m51 :o by a frightful majority seem$ already too mu* dispos$ to w9k at ! horrors ( slav]y4 ,! effect ( ! ,pr9ceton ,apology on ! s\!rn m9d1 we h high au?ority = say+1 has be5 mo/ decisive & injuri\s4 ,x has contribut$ greatly to turn ! public eye (f f ! s9--f ! inh]5t & necess>y evils ( slav]y to incid5tal evils1 :i* ! abuse ( x might be expect$ to occasion4 ,& h[ few c be br\ght to admit1 t :atev] abuses may prevail nobody kn[s :]e or h[1 any su* ?+ is *>geable ^u !m6 ,?us our ,pr9ceton prophet has done :at he c\ld to lay ! s\!rn consci5ce asleep ^u +5i\s p]v]sions ( ! sacr$ volume6 ,footnote #e3 ,= ,april1 #ahcf4 ,! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* met 9 ! foll[+ ,may1 at ,pittsburgh1 :]e1 9 pamphlet =m1 ?is article 0 di/ribut$4 ,! foll[+ appe>$ ^u ! title page3 ,,pittsburgh3 #ahcf4 ,= gratuit\s di/ribution4 ,ab\t a ye> aft] ?is1 an ef=t 9 ! same direction 0 jo9tly made by ,dr4 ,fisk & ,pr(essor ,/u>t4 ,9 a lett] to a ,me?odi/ cl]gyman1 ,mr4 ,m]rit1 publi%$ 9 ,zion's ,h]ald1 ,dr4 ,fisk gives utt]ance to su* ?+s z ! foll[+3-- ,b t y & ! public may see & feel1 t y h ! able/ & ^? :o are among ! hone/e/ m5 ( ?is age1 array$ aga9/ y1 be pleas$ to notice ! foll[+ lett] f ,pr(4 ,/u>t4 ,i wrote to him1 kn[+ z ,i did 8 integrity ( purpose1 8 unfl9*+ reg>d = tru?1 z well z 8 des]v$ reputation z a s*ol> & biblical critic1 propos+ ! foll[+ que/ions3-- #a4 ,does ! ,new ,te/am5t directly or indirectly tea*1 t slav]y exi/$ 9 ! primitive *ur*8 #b4 ,9 #a ,tim4 vi4 #b1 ,& !y t h believ+ ma/]s1 c41 :at is ! relation express$ or impli$ betwe5 !y 7s]vants7 & believ+ ma/]s8 ,& :at are y\r reasons = ! con/ruction ( ! passage8 #c4 ,:at 0 ! "* ( anci5t & ea/]n slav]y8-- ,especially :at 7legal7 p[] did ?is relation give ! ma/] ov] ! slave8 ,,pr(essor ,,/u>t',s ,,reply4 ,,&ov]1 #aj? ,apr41 #ahcg ,,rev4 ,,& ,,de> ,,sir1--,y\rs is be=e me4 ,a sickness ( ?ree mon?'s /&+ 7typhus fev]7 9 :i* ,i h j escap$ dea?1 & :i* /ill conf9es me to my h\se1 r5d]s x impossible = me to answ] y\r lett] at l>ge4 #a4 ,! precepts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t respect+ ! demeanor ( slaves & ( _! ma/]s1 beyond all "q1 recognize ! exi/5ce ( slav]y4 ,! ma/]s are 9 "p believ+ ma/]s1 s t a precept to !m1 h[ !y are to behave z ma/]s1 recognizes t ! relation may /ill exi/1 salva fide et salva ecclesia1 7)\t violat+ ! ,*ri/ian fai? or ! *ur*47 ,o!rwise1 ,paul _h no?+ to d b to cut ! b& asund] at once4 ,he c\ld n lawfully & prop]ly temporize ) a malum 9 se1 7t :i* is 9 itself s947 ,if any "o d\bts1 let him take ! case ( ,paul's s5d+ ,onesimus back to ,philemon1 ) an apology = 8 runn+ away1 & s5d+ him back to be 8 s]vant = life4 ,! relation did exi/1 may exi/4 ,! abuse ( x is ! ess5tial & fundam5tal wrong4 ,n t ! !ory ( slav]y is 9 itself "r4 ,no2 ,love ?y neighbor z ?yself1 ,d unto o!rs t :i* ye w\ld t o!rs %\ld d unto y1 decide aga9/ ?is4 ,b ! relation once con/itut$ & cont9u$1 is n su* a malum 9 se z calls = imm$iate & viol5t disruption at all haz>ds4 ,s ,paul did n c\nsel4 #b4 #a ,tim4 vi4 #b1 expresses ! s5tim5t1 t slaves1 :o are ,*ri/ians & h ,*ri/ian ma/]s1 are n1 on t acc\nt1 & because z ,*ri/ians !y are bre?r51 to =ego ! rev]5ce due to !m z ma/]s4 ,t is1 ! relation ( ma/] & slave is n1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 abrogat$ betwe5 all ,*ri/ians4 ,nay1 s]vants %\ld 9 su* a case1 a =tiori1 d _! duty *e]fully4 ,?is s5tim5t lies on ! v face ( ! case4 ,:at ! ma/]'s duty 9 su* a case may be 9 respect to lib]ation1 is ano!r "q1 & "o :i* ! apo/le does n "h treat (4 #c4 ,e "o kn[s1 :o is acqua9t$ ) ,greek or ,lat9 antiquities1 t slav]y among hea!n nations has ev] be5 m unqualifi$ & at loos] ends ?an among ,*ri/ian nations4 ,slaves 7 prop]ty 9 ,greece & ,rome4 ,t decides all que/ions ab\t _! relation4 ,_! treatm5t dep5d$1 z x does n[1 on ! temp] ( _! ma/]s4 ,! p[] ( ! ma/] ov] ! slave 01 = a long "t1 t ( life & dea?4 ,horrible cruelties at l5g? mitigat$ x4 ,9 ! apo/le's day1 x 0 at lea/ z great z among u4 ,aft] all ! sp\t+ & vehem5ce on ?is subject1 :i* h be5 exhibit$1 ! good old ,book rema9s ! same4 ,paul's conduct & advice are /ill safe guides4 ,paul knew well t ,*ri/ianity w\ld ultimately de/roy slav]y1 z x c]ta9ly w4 ,he knew1 too1 t x w\ld de/roy mon>*y & ari/ocracy f ! e>?3 = x is fundam5tally a doctr9e ( true lib]ty & equality4 ,yet ,paul did n expect slav]y or an>*y to be ou/$ 9 a day2 & gave precepts to ,*ri/ians respect+ _! demeanor ad int]im4 ,) s9c]e & pat]nal reg>d1 ,y\r fri5d & bro!r1 ,m4 ,,/u>t4 --,?is1 sir1 is doctr9e t w /&1 because x is ,bible doctr9e4 ,! abolitioni/s1 !n1 are on a wrong c\rse4 ,!y h travel$ out ( ! record2 & if !y w\ld succe$1 !y mu/ take a diff]5t position1 & approa* ! subject 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,respectfully y\rs1 ,w4 ,,fisk ,,s ,,!y ,,wrap ,,sn>l ,,x ,,up4 ,:at are we taught "h8 ,t 9 ! ecclesia/ical organizations :i* grew up "u ! h&s ( ! apo/les1 slav]y 0 admitt$ z a relation t did n violate ! ,*ri/ian fai?2 t ! relation may n[ 9 l mann] exi/2 t ! abuse ( x is ! ess5tial & fundam5tal wrong2 & ( c\rse1 t ,am]ican ,*ri/ians may hold _! own bre?r5 9 slav]y )\t incurr+ guilt or inflict+ injury4 ,?us1 accord+ to ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 ,jesus ,*ri/ has n a ^w to say aga9/ ! peculi> in/itutions ( ! ,s\?4 ,if our bre?r5 !re d n abuse ! privilege ( enact+ unpaid labor1 !y may multiply _! slaves to _! he>ts' cont5t1 )\t expos+ !mselves to ! fr[n ( ! ,savior or lay+ _! ,*ri/ian "* op5 to ! lea/ suspicion4 ,c\ld any traffick] 9 human fle% ask = great] latitude6 ,& to su* doctr9es1 ,dr4 ,fisk eag]ly & e>ne/ly subscribes4 ,he goes fur!r4 ,he urges x on ! att5tion ( 8 bre?r51 z conta9+ important tru?1 :i* !y ought to embrace4 ,accord+ to him1 x is ,bible doctr9e1 %[+1 t ! abolitioni/s are on a wrong c\rse1 & mu/1 if !y w\ld succe$1 take a diff]5t position4 ,we n[ ref] to su* di/+ui%$ names1 to %[1 t 9 attempt+ to prove t ,jesus ,*ri/ is n 9 favor ( ,am]ican slav]y1 we cont5d ) some?+ else ?an a man ( /raw4 ,! ungrateful task1 :i* a p>ticul> exam9ation ( ,pr(essor ,/u>t's lett] lays ^u u1 we hope fairly to dispose ( 9 due season4 ,en\gh has n[ be5 said to make x cle> & c]ta91 t ,am]ican slav]y has its apologi/s & advocates 9 ! nor!rn pulpit2 advocates & apologi/s1 :o fall beh9d few if any ( _! bre?r5 9 ! reputation !y h acquir$1 ! /ations !y occupy1 & ! g5]al influ5ce !y are suppos$ to ex]t4 ,is x s8 ,did slav]y exi/ 9 ,judea1 & among ! ,jews1 9 its wor/ =m1 dur+ ! ,savior's inc>nation8 ,if ! ,jews held slaves1 !y mu/ h done 9 op5 & flagrant violation ( ! lett] & ! _s ( ! ,mosaic ,disp5sation4 ,:oev] has any d\bts ( ?is may well resolve 8 d\bts 9 ! light ( ! ,argum5t entitl$ ,! ,bible aga9/ ,slav]y4 ,if1 aft] a c>eful & ?or\gh exam9ation ( t article1 he c believe t slavehold+ prevail$ dur+ ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus ,*ri/ among ! ,jews & 9 accordance ) ! au?ority ( ,moses1 he w\ld d ! read+ public an important s]vice to record ! gr\nds ( 8 belief--especially 9 a fair & full refutation ( t ,argum5t4 ,till t is done1 we hold ourselves excus$ f attempt+ to prove :at we n[ repeat1 t if ! ,jews dur+ our ,savior's inc>nation held slaves1 !y mu/ h done s 9 op5 & flagrant violation ( ! lett] & _s ( ! ,mosaic ,disp5sation4 ,c\ld ,*ri/ & ! ,apo/les e :]e among _! c\ntrym5 come 9 contact ) slavehold+1 be+ z x 0 a gross violation ( t law :i* _! (fice & _! pr(ession requir$ !m to honor & en=ce1 )\t expos+ & condemn+ x8 ,9 its wor/ =ms1 we are told1 slav]y prevail$ ov] ! :ole _w1 n except+ ,judea4 ,z1 accord+ to su* ecclesia/ics z ,/u>t1 ,hodge & ,fisk1 slav]y 9 itself is n bad at all1 ! t]m wor/ c\ld be appli$ only to abuses ( ?is innoc5t relation4 ,slav]y accord+ly exi/$ among ! ,jews1 disfigur$ & disgrac$ by ! wor/ abuses to :i* x is liable4 ,^! abuses 9 ! anci5t _w1 ,pr(essor ,/u>t describes z horrible cruelties4 ,& 9 our own c\ntry1 su* abuses h gr[n s rank1 z to lead a di/+ui%$ eye-witness--no less a philosoph] & /atesman ?an ,?omas ,jeff]son--to say1 t !y _h arm$ aga9/ u e attribute ( ! ,almighty4 ,) ^! ?+s ! ,savior e :]e came 9 contact1 among ! p to ^: improvem5t & salvation he devot$ 8 liv+ p[]s1 & yet n a ^w1 n a syllable1 9 exposure & condemnation ( su* horrible cruelties escap$ 8 lips6 ,he saw--among ! cov5ant p ( ,jehovah he saw1 ! babe pluck$ f ! bosom ( its "m2 ! wife torn f ! embrace ( h] husb&2 ! daught] driv5 to ! m>ket by ! sc\rge ( h] own fa!r2--he saw ! ^w ( ,god seal$ up f ^? :o1 ( all m51 7 especially entitl$ to its enlight5+1 quick5+ influ5ce2--nay1 he saw m5 beat5 = kneel+ be=e ! ?rone ( heav5ly m]cy2--su* ?+s he saw )\t a ^w ( admonition or repro(6 ,no sympa?y ) !m :o suff]$ wrong--no indignation at !m :o inflict$ wrong1 mov$ 8 he>t6 ,f ! alleg$ sil5ce ( ! ,savior1 :5 9 contact ) slav]y among ! ,jews1 our div9es inf]1 t x is q consi/5t ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,& !y affirm1 t he saw x 9 its wor/ =ms2 t is1 he witness$ :at ,pr(essor ,/u>t v5tures to call horrible cruelties4 ,b :at "r h ^! int]pret]s ( ! sacr$ volume to reg>d any =m ( slav]y :i* ! ,savior f\nd1 z wor/1 or ev5 bad8 ,accord+ to _! inf]5ce--:i* !y w\ld ?ru/ gag-wise into ! m\?s ( abolitioni/s--8 sil5ce %\ld seal up _! lips4 ,!y ought to hold _! tongues4 ,!y h no "r to call any =m ( slav]y bad--an abuse2 mu* less1 horribly cruel6 ,_! inf]5ce is broad en\gh to protect ! mo/ brutal driv] amid/ 8 deadlie/ inflictions6 ,,?9k ,,n ,,t ,i ,,am ,,come ,,to ,,de/roy ,,! ,,law ,,or ,,! ,,prophets2 ,i ,,am ,,n ,,come ,,to ,,de/roy1 ,,b ,,to ,,fulfil4 ,& did ! ,head ( ! new disp5sation1 !n1 fall s f> beh9d ! prophets ( ! old 9 a he>ty & effective reg>d = suff]+ humanity8 ,! =ms ( oppression :i* !y witness$1 excit$ _! compassion & ar\s$ _! indignation4 ,9 t]ms ! mo/ po9t$ & p[]ful1 !y expos$1 d5\nc$1 ?reat5$4 ,!y c\ld n endure ! creatures1 :o us$ _! neighbors' s]vice )\t wages1 & gave him n = 8 "w2#f :o impos$ heavy burd5s#g ^u _! fell[s1 & load$ !m ) ! b&s ( wick$ness2 :o1 hid+ !mselves f _! own fle%1 dis[n$ _! own mo!rs' *ildr54 ,pr(essions ( piety jo9$ ) ! oppression ( ! poor1 !y held up to univ]sal scorn & execration1 z ! dregs ( hypocrisy4 ,!y w>n$ ! creature ( su* pr(essions1 t he c\ld escape ! wra? ( ,jehovah only by he>t-felt rep5tance4 ,& yet1 accord+ to ! ecclesia/ics ) :om we h to d1 ! ,"l ( ^! prophets pass$ by 9 sil5ce j su* enormities z he comm&$ !m to expose & d5\nce6 ,e :]e1 he came 9 contact ) slav]y 9 its wor/ =ms--horrible cruelties =c$ !mselves ^u 8 notice2 b n a ^w ( rebuke or w>n+ did he utt]4 ,he saw a boy giv5 = a h>lot1 & a girl sold = w9e1 t !y might dr9k1#h )\t ! slighte/ feel+ ( displeasure1 or any m>k ( disapprobation6 ,to su* disgu/+ & horrible conclusions1 d ! argu+s :i*1 f ! haunts ( sacr$ lit]ature1 are inflict$ on our *ur*es1 lead u6 ,accord+ to !m1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 in/ead ( %9+ z ! light ( ! _w1 ext+ui%$ ! tor*es :i* 8 own prophets _h k9dl$1 & plung$ mank9d into ! palpable d>kness ( a />less midnight6 ,o savior1 9 pity to ?y suff]+ p1 let ?y temple be no long] us$ z a d5 ( ?ieves6 ,footnote #f3 ,j]emiah1 xxii4 #ac4 ,footnote #g3 ,isaiah1 lviii4 #f1 #g4 ,footnote #h3 ,joel1 iii4 #c4 ,,?\ ,,?\ghte/ ,,t ,i ,,0 ,,altoge!r ,,su* ,,an ,,"o ,,z ,,?yself4 ,9 pass+ by ! wor/ =ms ( slav]y1 ) :i* he e :]e came 9 contact among ! ,jews1 ! ,savior mu/ h be5 inconsi/5t ) himself4 ,he 0 commission$ to prea* glad tid+s to ! poor2 to heal ! brok5-he>t$2 to prea* deliv]ance to ! captives2 to set at lib]ty !m t are bruis$2 to prea* ! ye> ( ,jubilee4 ,9 accordance ) ?is commission1 he b\nd himself1 f ! e>lie/ date ( 8 inc>nation1 to ! poor1 by ! /ronge/ ties2 himself _h n :]e to lay 8 head2 he expos$ himself to misrepres5tation & abuse = 8 affectionate int]c\rse ) ! outca/s ( society2 he /ood up z ! advocate ( ! wid[1 d5\nc+ & doom+ ! he>tless ecclesia/ics1 :o _h made h] b]eavem5t a s\rce ( ga92 & 9 describ+ ! sc5es ( ! f9al judgm5t1 he select$ ! v p]sonification ( pov]ty1 disease & oppression1 z ! te/ by :i* our reg>d = him %\ld be det]m9$4 ,to ! poor & wret*$2 to ! degrad$ & despis$1 8 arms 7 ev] op54 ,!y _h 8 t5d]e/ sympa?ies4 ,!y _h 8 w>me/ love4 ,8 he>t's blood he p\r$ out ^u ! gr\nd = ! human family1 r$uc$ to ! deepe/ degradation1 & expos$ to ! heavie/ inflictions1 z ! slaves ( ! gr& usurp]4 ,& yet1 accord+ to our ecclesia/ics1 t class ( suff]]s :o _h be5 r$uc$ immeasurably bel[ e o!r %ape & =m ( degradation & di/ress2 :o _h be5 mo/ rudely ?ru/ out ( ! family ( ,adam1 & =c$ to h]d ) sw9e2 :o1 )\t ! slighte/ (f5ce1 _h be5 made ! foot/ool ( ! wor/ crim9als2 ^: te>s 7 _! meat night & day1 :ile1 "u nameless insults & kill+ injuries !y 7 cont9ually cry+1 ,o ,"l1 ,o ,"l3--?is class ( suff]]s1 & ?is alone1 our biblical expositors1 occupy+ ! high places ( sacr$ lit]ature1 w\ld make u believe ! compassionate ,savior coldly ov]look$4 ,n an emotion ( pity2 n a look ( sympa?y2 n a ^w ( consolation1 did 8 graci\s he>t prompt him to be/[ ^u !m6 ,he d5\nces damnation ^u ! dev\r] ( ! wid['s h\se4 ,b ! mon/]1 ^: trade x is to make wid[s & dev\r !m & _! babes1 he c calmly endure6 ,o ,savior1 :5 wilt ?\ /op ! m\?s ( su* blasphem]s6 ,,x ,,is ,,! ,,_s ,,t ,,quick5e?4 ,x seems t ?\gh1 accord+ to our ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 ! subject ( slav]y is h>dly allud$ to by ,*ri/ 9 any ( 8 p]sonal in/ructions1#i he _h a way ( treat+ x4 ,:at 0 t8 ,:y1 he taught ! true nature1 ,,dignity1 ,,equality1 & de/9y ( m51 & inculcat$ ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice & love4#aj ,& accord+ to ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 ! maxims :i* our ,savior furni%$1 decide aga9/ ! !ory ( slav]y4 ,all1 !n1 t ^! ecclesia/ical apologi/s = slav]y c make ( ! ,savior's alleg$ sil5ce is1 t he did n1 9 8 p]sonal in/ructions1 apply 8 own pr9ciples to ?is p>ticul> =m ( wick$ness4 ,= wick$ t mu/ be1 :i* ! maxims ( ! ,savior decide aga9/1 & :i* our ,pr9ceton pr(essor assures u ! pr9ciples ( ! gospel1 duly act$ on1 w\ld spe$ily ext+ui%4#aa ,h[ rem>kable x is1 t a tea*] %\ld h>dly allude to a subject 9 any ( 8 p]sonal in/ructions1 & yet inculcate pr9ciples :i* h a direct & vital be>+ ^u x6--%\ld s conduct1 z to ju/ify ! inf]5ce1 t slavehold+ is n a crime1#ab & at ! same "t l5d its au?ority = its spe$y ext9ction6 ,footnote #i3 ,pittsburg pamphlet1 7already allud$ to17 p4#i4 ,footnote #aj3 ,pittsburg pamphlet1 p4 #i4 ,footnote #aa3 ,! same1 p4 #cd4 ,footnote #ab3 ,! same1 p4 #ac4 ,high] au?ority ?an su/a9s self-evid5t tru?s !re _c be4 ,z =ms ( reason1 !y are rays f ! face ( ,jehovah4 ,n only are _! pres5ce & p[] self-manife/$1 b !y also %$ a /rong & cle> light ar\nd !m4 ,9 _! light1 o!r tru?s are visible4 ,lum9>ies !mselves1 x is _! (fice to enlight54 ,to _! au?ority1 9 e dep>tm5t ( ?\ght1 ! same m9d b[s promptly1 gratefully1 fully4 ,& by _! au?ority1 he expla9s1 proves1 & disposes ( :atev] engages 8 att5tion & engrosses 8 p[]s z a reasonable & reason+ creature4 ,= :at1 :5 ?us employ$ & :5 mo/ successful1 is ! utmo/ he c accompli%8 ,:y1 to make ! conclusions :i* he w\ld e/abli% & comm5d1 cle> 9 ! light ( reason2--9 o!r words1 to ev9ce t !y are reasonable4 ,he expects t ^? ) :om he has to d w ackn[l$ge ! au?ority ( pr9ciple--w see :atev] is exhibit$ 9 ! light ( reason4 ,if !y require him to g fur!r1 &1 9 ord] to conv9ce !m1 to d some?+ m ?an %[ t ! doctr9es he ma9ta9s1 & ! me?ods he proposes1 are accordant ) reason--are illu/rat$ & support$ ) self-evid5t tru?s--!y are pla9ly beside !mselves4 ,!y h lo/ ! use ( reason4 ,!y are n to be argu$ )4 ,!y belong to ! mad-h\se4 ,,come ,,n[1 ,,let ,,u ,,reason ,,toge!r1 ,,sai? ,,! ,,"l4 ,are we to honor ! ,bible1 :i* ,pr(essor ,/u>t qua9tly calls ! good old book1 by turn+ away f self-evid5t tru?s to receive its in/ructions8 ,c ^! tru?s be contradict$ or d5i$ !re8 ,d we se>* = some?+ !re to obscure _! cle>ness1 or break _! =ce1 or r$uce _! au?ority8 ,d we long to f9d some?+ !re1 9 ! =m ( premises or conclusions1 ( argu+ or ( inf]5ce1 9 broad /atem5t or bl9d h9ts1 cre$-wise or fact-wise1 :i* may set u free f ! light & p[] ( fir/ pr9ciples8 ,& :at if we 7 to discov] :at we 7 ?us 9 se>* (8--some?+ directly or indirectly1 expressly or impli$ly prejudicial to ! pr9ciples1 :i* reason1 plac+ u "u ! au?ority (1 makes self-evid5t8 ,9 :at e/imation1 9 t case1 %\ld we be con/ra9$ to hold ! ,bible8 ,c\ld we long] honor x z ! book ( ,god8 ,! book ( ,god oppos$ to ! au?ority ( ,,reason6 ,:y1 be=e :at tribunal d we dispose ( ! claims ( ! sacr$ volume to div9e au?ority8 ,! tribunal ( reason4 ,?is e "o ackn[l$ges ! mom5t he beg9s to reason on ! subject4 ,& :at mu/ reason d ) a book1 :i* r$uces ! au?ority ( its own pr9ciples--breaks ! =ce ( self-evid5t tru?s8 ,is he n1 by way ( em95ce1 ! apo/le ( infidelity1 :o1 z a m9i/] ( ! gospel or a pr(essor ( sacr$ lit]ature1 ex]ts himself1 ) :atev] arts ( +5uity or %[ ( piety1 to exalt ! ,bible at ! exp5se ( reason8 ,let su* arts succe$ & su* piety prevail1 & ,jesus ,*ri/ is crucifi$ afre% & put to an op5 %ame4 ,:at sai? ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor8 ,:y1 9 spite ( g5]al pr9ciples1 & cle> z we may ?9k ! argum5ts aga9/ ,,despotism1 !re h be5 ?\s&s ( ,,enlight5$ & good m51 :o hone/ly believe x to be ( all =ms ( gov]nm5t ! be/ & mo/ acceptable to ,god4#ac ,n[ ^! good m5 mu/ h be5 ?us w>mly 9 favor ( despotism1 9 consequ5ce (1 or 9 opposition to1 _! be+ enlight5$4 ,9 o!r words1 ! light1 :i* 9 su* abundance !y enjoy$1 conduct$ !m to ! position 9 favor ( despotism1 :]e ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor s he>tily %ook h&s ) !m1 or !y mu/ h =c$ _! way !re 9 despite ( its hall[$ influ5ce4 ,ei!r 9 accordance )1 or 9 resi/ance to ! light1 !y became :at he f\nd !m--! advocates ( despotism4 ,if 9 resi/ance to ! light--& he says !y 7 enlight5$ m5--:at1 s f> z ! subject ) :i* alone he & we are n[ conc]n$1 becomes ( _! hone/y & goodness8 ,good & hone/ resi/]s ( ! light1 :i* 0 freely p\r$ ar\nd !m6 ,( su*1 :at says ,pr(essor ,/u>t's good old ,book8 ,_! au?ority1 :]e g5]al pr9ciples comm& ! lea/ respect1 mu/ be small inde$4 ,b if 9 accordance ) ! light1 !y h become ! advocates ( despotism1 !n is despotism ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t & mo/ acceptable to ,god4 ,x is su/a9$ by ! au?ority ( reason1 by ! ^w ( ,jehovah1 by ! w ( ,heav56 ,if ?is be ! doctr9e :i* prevails at c]ta9 !ological sem9>ies1 x mu/ be easy to acc\nt = ! _s :i* !y brea!1 & ! g5]al influ5ce :i* !y ex]t4 ,:y did n ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor place ?is g5]al pr9ciple z a %ield1 heav5-wr\ght & reason approv$1 ov] t *]i%$ =m ( despotism :i* prevails among ! *ur*es ( ! ,s\?1 & leave ! peculi> in/itutions he is s =w>d to def5d1 "u its protection8 ,footnote #ac3 ,pittsburg pamphlet1 p4 #ab4 ,:at is ! g5]al pr9ciple to :i*1 :atev] may become ( despotism1 ) its hone/ admir]s & enlight5$ support]s1 human gov]nm5ts %\ld be univ]sally & c>efully adju/$8 ,cle>ly ?is--t z capable (1 man is entitl$ to1 self gov]nm5t4 ,& ?is is a specific =m ( a /ill m g5]al pr9ciple1 :i* may well be pron\nc$ self-evid5t--t e ?+ %\ld be treat$ accord+ to its nature4 ,! m9d t c d\bt ?is1 mu/ be incapable ( rational conviction4 ,man1 !n1--x is ! dictate ( reason1 x is ! voice ( ,jehovah--mu/ be treat$ z a man4 ,:at is he8 ,:at are 8 di/9ctive attributes8 ,! ,creator impress$ 8 own image on him4 ,9 ?is 7 f\nd ! gr& peculi>ities ( 8 "*4 ,"h %one 8 glory4 ,"h ,,reason manife/s its laws4 ,"h ! ,,w puts =? its volitions4 ,"h is ! cr[n ( ,,immortality4 ,:y su* end[m5ts8 ,?us furni%$--! image ( ,jehovah--is he n capable ( self-gov]nm5t8 ,& is he n to be s treat$8 ,)9 ! sph]e :]e ! laws ( reason place him1 may he n act accord+ to 8 *oice--c>ry out 8 own volitions8--may he n enjoy life1 exult 9 fre$om1 & pursue z he w ! pa? ( bless$ness8 ,if n1 :y 0 he s creat$ & end[$8 ,:y ! my/]i\s1 awful attribute ( w8 ,to be a s\rce1 pr(\nd z ! dep?s ( hell1 ( exquisite mis]y1 ( ke5 angui%1 ( insuff]able torm5t6 ,0 man1 =m$ accord+ to ! image ( ,jehovah1 to be cross$1 ?w>t$1 c\nt]act$2 to be =c$ 9 ^u himself2 to be ! sport ( endless contradictions2 to be driv5 back & =? =ev] betwe5 mutually repellant =ces2 & all1 all at ! discretion ( ano!r6#ad ,h[ c man be treat$ accord+ to 8 nature1 z end[$ ) reason or w1 if exclud$ f ! p[]s & privileges ( self-gov]nm5t8--if despotism be let loose ^u him1 to deprive him ( p]sonal lib]ty1 oblige him to s]ve at ! discretion ( ano!r & ) ! p[] ( transf]r+ su* au?ority ov] him & su* claim ^u him1 to ano!r ma/]8 ,if ?\s&s ( enlight5$ & good m5 c s easily be f\nd1 :o are =w>d to support despotism z ( all gov]nm5ts ! be/ & mo/ acceptable to ,god1 we ne$ n wond] at ! te/imony ( univ]sal hi/ory1 t ! :ole creation groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n[4 ,groans & travail pangs mu/ cont9ue to be ! ord] ( ! day ?r\gh\t ! :ole creation1 till ! rod ( despotism be brok51 & man be treat$ z man--z capable (1 & entitl$ to1 self-gov]nm5t4 ,footnote #ad3 ,pittsburg pamphlet1 p4 #ab4 ,b :at is ! despotism ^: horrid features our smoo? pr(essor tries to hide b5ea? an array ( cunn+ly select$ words & nicely-adju/$ s5t5ces8 ,x is ! despotism ( ,am]ican slav]y--:i* cru%es ! v life ( humanity out ( its victims1 & trans=ms !m to cattle6 ,at its t\*1 !y s9k f m5 to ?+s6 ,slaves1 sai? ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 7 prop]ty 9 ,greece & ,rome4 ,t decides all que/ions ab\t _! relation4 ,yes1 truly4 ,& slaves 9 republican ,am]ica are prop]ty2 & z t easily1 cle>ly1 & def9itely settles all que/ions ab\t _! relation1 :y %\ld ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor h put himself to ! tr\ble ( weav+ a def9ition equally +5i\s & inadequate--at once subtle & deceitful4 ,ah1 :y8 ,0 he will+ ?us to conceal ! wrongs ( 8 "m's *ildr5 ev5 f himself8 ,if among ! figm5ts ( 8 bra91 he c\ld fa%ion slaves1 & make !m some?+ else ?an prop]ty1 he knew full well t a v diff]5t patt]n 0 9 use among ! s\!rn patri>*s4 ,:y did he n1 9 pla9 words & sob] e>ne/1 & good fai?1 describe ! ?+ z x 01 in/ead ( employ+ honi$ words & c\rtly phrases1 to set =? ) all becom+ vagu5ess & ambiguity1 :at might possibly be suppos$ to exi/ 9 ! regions ( fancy4 ,,= ,,rul]s ,,are ,,n ,a ,,t]ror ,,to ,,good ,,works1 ,,b ,,to ,,! ,,evil4 ,b are we1 9 ma9ta9+ ! pr9ciple ( self-gov]nm5t1 to ov]look ! unripe1 or neglect$1 or brok5 p[]s ( any ( our fell[-m5 ) :om we may be connect$8--or ! /rong passions1 vici\s prop5sities1 or crim9al pursuits ( o!rs8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,b 9 provid+ = _! welf>e1 we are to ex]t influ5ces & impose re/ra9ts suit$ to _! "*4 ,9 wield+ ^? pr]ogatives :i* ! social ( our nature au?orizes u to employ = _! b5efit1 we are to reg>d !m z !y are 9 tru?1 n ?+s1 n cattle1 n articles ( m]*&ize1 b m51 our fell[-m5--reflect+1 f h[ev] batt]$ & brok5 a surface1 reflect+ ) u ! image ( a common ,fa!r4 ,& ! great pr9ciple ( self-gov]nm5t is to be ! basis1 to :i* ! :ole /ructure ( discipl9e "u :i* !y may be plac$1 %\ld be adapt$4 ,f ! nurs]y & village s*ool on to ! "w-h\se & /ate-prison1 ?is pr9ciple is ev] & 9 all ?+s to be be=e ! eyes1 pres5t 9 ! ?\ghts1 w>m on ! he>t4 ,o!rwise1 ,god is insult$1 :ile 8 image is despis$ & abus$4 ,yes1 inde$2 we rememb]1 t 9 c>ry+ out ! pr9ciple ( self-gov]nm5t1 multipli$ emb>rassm5ts & ob/ructions gr[ out ( wick$ness on ! "o h& & passion on ! o!r4 ,su* difficulties & ob/acles we are f> en\gh f ov]look+4 ,b :]e are !y to be f\nd8 ,are imbecility & wick$ness1 bad he>ts & bad heads1 conf9$ to ! bottom ( society8 ,alas1 ! weake/ ( ! weak1 & ! desp]ately wick$1 (t5 occupy ! high places ( ! e>?1 r$uc+ e ?+ )9 _! rea* to subs]vi5cy to ! f\le/ purposes4 ,nay1 ! v p[] !y h usurp$1 has (t5 be5 ! *ief in/rum5t ( turn+ _! heads1 inflam+ _! passions1 corrupt+ _! he>ts4 ,all ! _w kn[s1 t ! possession ( arbitr>y p[] has a /rong t5d5cy to make m5 %amelessly wick$ & insuff]ably mis*iev\s4 ,& ?is1 :e!r ! vassals ov] :om !y dom9e]1 be few or _m4 ,if y _c tru/ man ) himself1 w y put 8 fell[s "u 8 control8--& flee f ! inconv5i5ces incid5t to self-gov]nm5t1 to ! horrors ( despotism8 ,,?\ ,,t ,,prea*e/ ,a ,,man ,,%\ld ,,n ,,/eal1 ,,do/ ,,?\ ,,/eal4 ,is ! slavehold]1 ! mo/ absolute & %ameless ( all despots1 to be entru/$ ) ! discipl9e ( ! injur$ m5 :o he himself has r$uc$ to cattle8--) ! discipl9e ) :i* !y are to be prep>$ to wield ! p[]s & enjoy ! privileges ( freem58 ,alas1 ( su* discipl9e z he c furni%1 9 ! relation ( own] to prop]ty1 !y h _h en\gh4 ,f ?is sprang ! v ignorance & vice1 :i* 9 ! view ( _m1 lie 9 ! way ( _! imm$iate enfran*isem5t4 ,he x is1 :o has d>k5$ _! eyes & crippl$ _! p[]s4 ,& are !y to look to him = illum9ation & r5ew$ vigor6--& expect grapes f ?orns & figs f ?i/les6 ,heav5 =bid6 ,:51 accord+ to arrangem5ts :i* _h usurp$ ! sacr$ "n ( law1 he cons5t$ to receive & use !m z prop]ty1 he =feit$ all claims to ! e/eem & confid5ce1 n only ( ! helpless suff]]s !mselves1 b also ( e philan?ropi/4 ,9 becom+ a slavehold]1 he became ! enemy ( mank9d4 ,! v act 0 a decl>ation ( w> ^u human nature4 ,:at less c be made ( ! process ( turn+ m5 to cattle8 ,x is rank absurdity--x is ! height ( madness1 to propose to employ him to tra91 = ! places ( freem51 ^? :om he has wantonly robb$ ( e "r--:om he has /ol5 f !mselves4 ,soon] place ,burke1 :o us$ to murd] = ! sake ( sell+ bodies to ! dissector1 at ! head ( a hospital4 ,:y1 :at h our slavehold]s be5 ab\t ^! two hundr$ ye>s8 ,h !y n be5 con/antly & e>ne/ly engag$ 9 ! "w ( education8--tra9+ up _! human cattle8 ,& h[8 ,?omas ,jeff]son %all answ]4 ,! :ole comm]ce betwe5 ma/] & slave1 is a p]petual ex]cise ( ! mo/ boi/]\s passions2 ! mo/ unremitt+ despotism on ! "o "p1 & degrad+ submission on ! o!r4 ,is ?is ! way to fit ! unprep>$ = ! duties & privileges ( ,am]ican citiz5s8 ,w ! evils ( ! dreadful process be dim9i%$ by add+ to its l5g?8 ,:at1 9 #ahah1 0 ! unanim\s te/imony ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*8 ,:y1 aft] describ+ a v>iety ( influ5ces gr[+ out ( slav]y1 mo/ fatal to m5tal & moral improvem5t1 ! ,g5]al ,assembly assure u1 t su* consequ5ces are n imag9>y1 b connect !mselves ,,) ,,! ,,v ,,exi/5ce#ae ( slav]y4 ,! evils to :i* ! slave is always expos$1 (t5 take place 9 fact1 & ,,9 ,,_! ,,v ,,wor/ ,,degree ,,& ,,=m2 & :]e all ( !m d n take place1 /ill ! slave is depriv$ ( 8 natural "r1 degrad$ z a human be+1 & expos$ to ! dang] ( pass+ into ! h&s ( a ma/] :o may inflict ^u him all ! h>d%ips & injuries :i* inhumanity & av>ice may sugge/4 ,is ?is ! condition 9 :i* our ecclesia/ics w\ld keep ! slave1 at lea/ a little long]1 to fit him to be re/or$ to himself8 ,footnote #ae3 ,! words "h m>k$ z emphatic1 7 s di/+ui%$ by ourselves4 ,,& ,,!y ,,/opp$ ,,_! ,,e>s4 ,! me?ods ( discipl9e "u :i*1 z slavehold]s2 ! ,s\?rons n[ place _! human cattle1 !y ) "o cons5t & 9 great wra?1 =bid u to exam9e4 ,! /atesman & ! prie/ unite 9 ! assurance1 t ^! me?ods are none ( our bus9ess4 ,nay1 !y give u di/9ctly to und]/&1 t if we come among !m to take obs]vations1 & make inquiries1 & discuss que/ions1 !y w dispose ( u z outlaws4 ,no?+ w avail to protect u f spe$y & deadly viol5ce6 ,:at inf]5ce does all ?is w>rant8 ,surely1 n t ! me?ods :i* !y employ are happy & wor?y ( univ]sal application4 ,if s1 :y d !y n take ! praise1 & give u ! b5efit ( _! wisdom1 ent]prise1 & success8 ,:o1 t has no?+ to hide1 practices concealm5t8 ,he t doe? tru? come? to ! light1 t 8 de$s may be manife/1 t !y are wr\ght 9 ,god4 ,is ?is ! way ( slavehold]s8 ,d>kness !y c\rt--!y w h d>kness4 ,d\btless because _! de$s are evil4 ,c we confide 9 me?ods = ! b5efit ( our enslav$ bre?r51 :i* x is dea? = u to exam9e8 ,:at good ev] came1 :at good c we expect1 f de$s ( d>kness8 ,did ! influ5ce ( ! ma/]s contribute any ?+ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies to prep>e ! appr5tices = enfran*isem5t8 ,nay1 v]ily4 ,all ! _w kn[s bett]4 ,!y did :at 9 !m lay1 to turn back ! tide ( bless+s1 :i*1 ?r\gh emancipation1 0 p\r+ 9 ^u ! fami%+ ar\nd !m4 ,are n ! be/ m9ds & he>ts 9 ,engl& n[ ?or\ghly conv9c$1 t slav]y1 "u no modification1 c be a s*ool = fre$om8 ,we say su* ?+s to ! _m :o allege1 t slaves _c at once be entru/$ ) ! p[]s & privileges ( self-gov]nm5t4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 !y _c be bett] qualifi$ "u ! influ5ce ( slav]y4 ,t mu/ be brok5 up f :i* _! ignorance1 & vici\sness1 & wret*$ness proce$$4 ,t :i* c only d :at x has always done1 pollute & degrade1 mu/ n be employ$ to purify & elevate4 ,! l[] _! "* & condition1 ! l\d]1 cle>]1 /]n]1 ! j dem& = imm$iate emancipation4 ,! plague-smitt5 suff]] c d]ive no b5efit f brea?+ a little long] an infect$ atmosph]e4 ,9 ?us ref]r+ to elem5tal pr9ciples--9 ?us avail+ ourselves ( ! light ( self-evid5t tru?s--we b[ to ! au?ority & tread 9 ! foot-pr9ts ( ! great ,tea*]4 ,he *id ^? ar\nd him = refus+ to make ! same use ( _! reason 9 promot+ _! spiritual1 z !y made 9 promot+ _! temporal welf>e4 ,he gives !m di/9ctly to und]/&1 t !y ne$ n g out ( !mselves to =m a j e/imation ( _! position1 duties1 & prospects1 z /&+ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,messiah4 ,:y1 ,,ev5 ,,( ,,y\rselves1 he dem&s ( !m1 judge ye n :at is "r8#af ,h[ c\ld !y1 unless !y _h a cle> light1 & an infallible /&>d )9 !m1 :]eby1 amid/ ! relations !y su/a9$ & ! int]e/s !y _h to provide =1 !y might discrim9ate betwe5 tru? & falsehood1 "r & wrong1 :at !y ought to attempt & :at !y ought to es*ew8 ,f ?is po9t$1 significant appeal ( ! ,savior1 x is cle> & c]ta91 t 9 human consci\sness may be f\nd self-evid5t tru?s1 self-manife/$ pr9ciples2 t e man1 /udy+ 8 own consci\sness1 is b\nd to recognize _! pres5ce & au?ority1 & 9 sob] e>ne/ & good fai? to apply !m to ! highe/ practical conc]ns ( life & godl9ess4 ,x is 9 ob$i5ce to ! ,bible1 t we apply self-evid5t tru?s1 & walk 9 ! light ( g5]al pr9ciples4 ,:5 our fa!rs proclaim$ ^! tru?s1 & at ! haz>d ( _! prop]ty1 reputation1 & life1 /ood up 9 _! def5ce1 !y did homage to ! sacr$ ,scriptures--!y honor$ ! ,bible4 ,9 t volume1 n a syllable c be f\nd to ju/ify t =m ( infidelity1 :i* 9 ! abus$ "n ( piety1 reproa*es u = practis+ ! lessons :i* nature tea*e?4 ,^! lessons1 ! ,bible requires u#ag rev]5tly to li/5 to1 e>ne/ly to appropriate1 & mo/ dilig5tly & fai?fully to act ^u 9 e direction1 & on all occasions4 ,footnote #af3 ,luke1 xii4 #eg4 ,footnote #ag3 ,cor4 xi4 #ad4 ,:y1 our ,savior goes s f> 9 do+ honor to reason1 z to enc\rage m5 univ]sally to dispose ( ! *>act]i/ic peculi>ities & di/9ctive features ( ! ,gospel 9 ! light ( its pr9ciples4 ,if any man w d 8 w1 he %all "k ( ! doctr9e1 :e!r x be ( ,god1 or :e!r ,i speak ( myself4#ah ,natural religion--! pr9ciples :i* nature reveals1 & ! lessons :i* nature tea*es--he ?us makes a te/ ( ! tru? & au?ority ( reveal$ religion4 ,s f> 0 he1 z a tea*]1 f %r9k+ f ! cle>e/ & mo/ pi]c+ rays ( reason--f call+ (f ! att5tion ( ^? ar\nd him f ! import1 be>+s1 & practical application ( g5]al pr9ciples4 ,& ^? :o w\ld h u escape f ! pressure ( self-evid5t tru?s1 by betak+ ourselves to ! doctr9es & precepts ( ,*ri/ianity1 :atev] airs ( piety !y may put on1 d f\l di%onor to ! ,savior ( mank9d4 ,footnote #ah3 ,john1 vii4 #ag4 ,& :at %all we say ( ! ,gold5 ,rule1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,savior1 compreh5ds all ! precepts ( ! ,bible8 ,:atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s to !m2 = ?is is ! law & ! prophets4 ,accord+ to ?is maxim1 9 human consci\sness1 univ]sally1 may be f\nd1 #a4 ,! /&>d :]eby1 9 all ! relations & circum/ances ( life1 we may det]m9e :at ,heav5 dem&s & expects ( u4 #b4 ,! j application ( ?is /&>d1 is practicable =1 & obligatory ^u1 e *ild ( ,adam4 #c4 ,! qualification requisite to a j application ( ?is rule to all ! cases 9 :i* we c be conc]n$1 is simply ?is--to reg>d all ! memb]s ( ! human family z our bre?r51 our equals4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,savior "h tea*es u1 t 9 ! pr9ciples & laws ( reason1 we h an infallible guide 9 all ! relations & circum/ances ( life2 t no?+ c h9d] our foll[+ ?is guide1 b ! bias ( selfi%ness2 & t ! mom5t1 9 decid+ any moral "q1 we place ourselves 9 ! room ( our bro!r1 be=e ! b> ( reason1 we %all see :at decision ought to be pron\nc$4 ,does ?is1 9 ! ,savior1 look l flee+ self-evid5t tru?s6--l decry+ ! au?ority ( g5]al pr9ciples6--l exalt+ himself at ! exp5se ( reason6--l op5+ a refuge 9 ! ,gospel = ^? ^: practice is at v>iance ) ! dictates ( humanity6 ,:at !n is ! j application ( ! ,gold5 ,rule--t fundam5tal maxim ( ! ,gospel1 giv+ "* to1 & %$d+ light ^u1 all its precepts & arrangem5ts--to ! subject ( slav]y8--t we mu/ d to slaves z we w\ld be done by1 ,,z ,,slaves1 ! ,,relation itself be+ ju/ifi$ & cont9u$8 ,surely n4 ,a little reflection w enable u to see1 t ! ,gold5 ,rule rea*es f>!r 9 its dem&s1 & /rikes deep] 9 its influ5ces & op]ations4 ,! natural equality ( mank9d lies at ! v basis ( ?is great precept4 ,x obvi\sly requires e man to ackn[l$ge ano!r self 9 e o!r man4 ,) my p[]s & res\rces1 & 9 my appropriate circum/ances1 ,i am to recognize 9 any *ild ( ,adam :o may address me1 ano!r self 9 8 appropriate circum/ances & ) 8 p[]s & res\rces4 ,?is is ! natural equality ( mank9d2 & ?is ! ,gold5 ,rule requires u to admit1 def5d1 & ma9ta94 ,,:y ,,d ,,ye ,,n ,,und]/& ,,my ,,spee*2 ,,ev5 ,,because ,,ye ,,_c ,,he> ,,my ,,^w4 ,!y /rangely misund]/& & grossly misrepres5t ?is doctr9e1 :o *>ge ^u x ! absurdities & mis*iefs :i* any levell+ sy/em _c b produce4 ,9 all its be>+s1 t5d5cies1 & effects1 x is directly contr>y & p[]fully ho/ile to any su* sy/em4 ,,equality ,,( ,,rights1 ! doctr9e ass]ts2 & ?is necess>ily op5s ! way = v>iety ( condition4 ,9 o!r words1 e *ild ( ,adam has1 f ! ,creator1 ! inali5able "r ( wield+1 )9 reasonable limits1 8 own p[]s1 & employ+ 8 own res\rces1 accord+ to 8 own *oice2--! "r1 :ile he respects 8 social relations1 to promote z he w 8 own welf>e4 ,b m>k--,,8 ,,own p[]s & res\rces1 & ,,n ,,ano!r',s1 are ?us inali5ably put "u 8 control4 ,! ,creator makes e man free1 9 :atev] he may d1 to ex]t ,,himself1 & n ano!r4 ,"h no man may lawfully cripple or emb>rass ano!r4 ,! feeble may n h9d] ! /rong1 nor may ! /rong cru% ! feeble4 ,e man may make ! mo/ ( himself1 9 8 own prop] sph]e4 ,n[1 z 9 ! con/itutional end[m5ts2 & natural opportunities1 & lawful acquisitions ( mank9d1 inf9ite v>iety prevails1 s 9 ex]t+ ea* ,,himself1 9 8 own sph]e1 accord+ to 8 own *oice1 ! v>iety ( human condition c be little less ?an inf9ite4 ,?us equality ( rights op5s ! way = v>iety ( condition4 ,b ) all ?is v>iety ( make1 means1 & condition1 consid]$ individually1 ! *ildr5 ( ,adam are b\nd toge!r by /rong ties :i* c nev] be dissolv$4 ,!y are mutually unit$ by ! social ( _! nature4 ,h5ce mutual dep5d5ce & mutual claims4 ,:ile ea* is inali5ably entitl$ to ass]t & enjoy 8 own p]sonality z a man1 ea* su/a9s to all & all to ea*1 v>i\s relations4 ,:ile ea* owns & honors ! individual1 all are to own & honor ! social ( _! nature4 ,n[1 ! ,gold5 ,rule di/9ctly recognizes1 lays its requisitions ^u1 & ext5ds its obligations to1 ! :ole nature ( man1 9 8 individual capacities & social relations4 ,:at high] honor c\ld x d to man1 z an individual1 ?an to con/itute him ! judge1 by ^: decision1 :5 fairly r5d]$1 all ! claims ( 8 fell[s %\ld be au?oritatively & def9itely dispos$ (8 ,:atsoev] ,,ye ,,w\ld h done to y1 s d ye to o!rs4 ,e memb] ( ! family ( ,adam1 plac+ himself 9 ! position "h po9t$ out1 is compet5t & au?oriz$ to pass judgm5t on all ! cases 9 social life 9 :i* he may be conc]n$4 ,c\ld high] responsibilities or great] confid5ce be repos$ 9 m5 individually8 ,& !n1 h[ are _! claims ^u ea* o!r h]e9 magnifi$6 ,:at inh]5t wor? & solid dignity are ascrib$ to ! social ( _! nature6 ,9 e man ) :om ,i may h to d1 ,i am to recognize ! pres5ce ( ano!r self1 ^: case ,i am to make my own4 ,& ?us ,i am to dispose ( :atev] claims he may urge ^u me4 ,?us1 9 accordance ) ! ,gold5 ,rule1 mank9d are naturally br\ght1 9 ! volunt>y use ( _! p[]s & res\rces1 to promote ea* o!r's welf>e4 ,z 8 contribution to ?is great object1 x is ! inali5able bir?right ( e *ild ( ,adam1 to consecrate :atev] he may possess4 ,) exalt$ p[]s & l>ge res\rces1 he has a natural claim to a correspond5t field ( ef=t4 ,if 8 abilities are small1 8 task mu/ be easy & 8 burd5 light4 ,?us ! ,gold5 ,rule requires mank9d mutually to s]ve ea* o!r4 ,9 ?is s]vice1 ea* is to ex]t himself--employ 8 own p[]s1 lay out 8 own res\rces1 improve 8 own opportunities4 ,a division ( labor is ! natural result4 ,"o is rem>kable = 8 intellectual end[m5ts & acquisitions2 ano!r1 = 8 weal?2 & a ?ird1 = p[] & skill 9 us+ 8 muscles4 ,su* attributes1 endlessly v>i$ & div]sifi$1 proce$ f ! basis ( a common "*1 by virtue ( :i* all m5 & ea*--"o z truly z ano!r--are entitl$1 z a bir?right1 to life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,ea* & all1 "o z well z ano!r1 may *oose 8 own modes ( contribut+ 8 %>e to ! g5]al welf>e1 9 :i* 8 own is involv$ & id5tifi$4 ,"u "o great law ( mutual dep5d5ce & mutual responsibility1 all are plac$--! /rong z well z ! weak1 ! ri* z mu* z ! poor1 ! le>n$ no less ?an ! unle>n$4 ,all br+ _! w>es1 ! products ( _! ent]prise1 skill & indu/ry1 to ! same m>ket1 :]e mutual ex*anges are freely effect$4 ,! fruits ( muscul> ex]tion procure ! fruits ( m5tal ef=t4 ,john s]ves ,?omas ) 8 h&s1 & ,?omas s]ves ,john ) 8 money4 ,pet] wields ! axe = ,james1 & ,james wields ! p5 = ,pet]4 ,moses1 ,jo%ua1 & ,caleb1 employ _! wisdom1 c\rage1 & exp]i5ce1 9 ! s]vice ( ! community1 & ! community s]ve ,moses1 ,jo%ua1 & ,caleb1 9 furni%+ !m ) food & raim5t1 & mak+ !m p>tak]s ( ! g5]al prosp]ity4 ,& all ?is by mutual und]/&+ & volunt>y arrangem5t4 ,& all ?is accord+ to ! ,gold5 ,rule4 ,:at !n becomes ( slav]y--a sy/em ( arrangem5ts 9 :i* "o man treats 8 fell[1 n z ano!r self1 b z a ?+--a *attel--an article ( m]*&ize1 :i* is n to be consult$ 9 any disposition :i* may be made ( x2--a sy/em :i* is built on ! annihilation ( ! attributes ( our common nature--9 :i* man do? to o!rs :at he w\ld soon] die ?an h done to himself8 ,! ,gold5 ,rule & slav]y are mutually subv]sive ( ea* o!r4 ,if "o /&s1 ! o!r mu/ fall4 ,! "o /rikes at ! v root ( ! o!r4 ,! ,gold5 ,rule aims at ! abolition ( ,,! ,,relation ,,itself1 9 :i* slav]y consi/s4 ,x lays its dem&s ^u e ?+ )9 ! scope ( human action4 ,to :atev] ,,m5 ,,d4 x ext5ds its au?ority4 ,& ! relation itself1 9 :i* slav]y consi/s1 is ! "w ( human h&s4 ,x is :at m5 h done to ea* o!r--contr>y to nature & mo/ injuri\s to ! g5]al welf>e4 ,?is ,,relation1 !re=e1 ! ,gold5 ,rule condemns4 ,:]ev] its au?ority prevails1 ?is relation mu/ be annihilat$4 ,mutual s]vice & slav]y--l light & d>kness1 life & dea?--are directly oppos$ to1 & subv]sive (1 ea* o!r4 ,! "o ! ,gold5 ,rule _c endure2 ! o!r x requires1 honors1 & blesses4 ,,love ,,worke? ,,no ,,ill ,,to ,,8 ,,neighbor4 ,l unto ! ,gold5 ,rule is ! second great comm&m5t--,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,a c]ta9 lawy]1 :o seems to h be5 fond ( apply+ ! doctr9e ( limitation ( human obligations1 once dem&$ ( ! ,savior1 )9 :at limits ! mean+ ( ! ^w neighbor ought to be conf9$4 ,& :o is my neighbor8 ,! p>able ( ! good ,sam>itan set t matt] 9 ! cle>e/ light1 & made x manife/ & c]ta91 t e man :om we c\ld rea* ) our sympa?y & assi/ance1 0 our neighbor1 entitl$ to ! same reg>d :i* we *]i%$ = ourselves4 ,consi/5tly ) su* obligations1 c slav]y1 z a ,,relation1 be ma9ta9$8 ,is x !n a labor ( love--su* love z we *]i% = ourselves--to /rip a *ild ( ,adam ( all ! pr]ogatives & privileges :i* are 8 inali5able bir?right8 ,to obscure 8 reason1 cru% 8 w1 & trample on 8 immortality8--,to /rike home to ! inmo/ ( 8 be+1 & break ! he>t ( 8 he>t8--,to ?ru/ him out ( ! human family1 & dispose ( him z a *attel--z a ?+ 9 ! h&s ( an own]1 a bea/ "u ! la% ( a driv]8 ,all ?is1 ap>t f e ?+ incid5tal & extraord9>y1 belongs to ! ,,relation1 9 :i* slav]y1 z su*1 consi/s4 ,all ?is--well f$ or ill f$1 und]wr\ght or ov]wr\ght1 clo!d or nak$1 c>ess$ or kick$1 :e!r idle songs break f 8 ?\ghtless tongue or te>s be 8 meat night & day1 fondly *]i%$ or cruelly murd]$2--all ?is ,,ent]s ,,vitally ,,into ,,! ,,relation ,,itself1 by :i* e slave1 ,,z ,a ,,slave1 is set ap>t f ! re/ ( ! human family4 ,is x an ex]cise ( love1 to place our neighbor "u ! cru%+ weight1 ! kill+ p[]1 ( su* a relation8--to apply ! murd]\s /eel to ! v vitals ( 8 humanity8 ,,ye ,,!re=e ,,applaud ,,& ,,delight ,,9 ,,! ,,de$s ,,( ,,y\r ,,fa!rs2 ,,= ,,!y ,,kill$ ,,!m1 ,,& ,,ye ,,build ,,_! ,,sepul*res4#ai ,! slavehold] may eag]ly & l\dly d5y1 t any su* ?+ is *>geable ^u him4 ,he may confid5tly & e>ne/ly allege1 t he is n responsible = ! /ate ( society 9 :i* he is plac$4 ,slav]y 0 e/abli%$ be=e he began to brea!4 ,x 0 8 inh]itance4 ,8 slaves are 8 prop]ty by bir? or te/am5t4 ,b :y w he ?us deceive himself8 ,:y w he p]mit ! cunn+ & rapaci\s spid]s1 :i* 9 ! v sanctu>y ( e?ics & religion are labori\sly weav+ webs f _! own b[els1 to cat* him ) _! wret*$ sophi/ries8--& dev\r him1 body1 s\l1 & sub/ance8 ,let him "k1 z he mu/ "o day ) %ame & t]ror own1 t :oev] holds slaves is himself responsible = ! relation1 into :i*1 :e!r reluctantly or will+ly1 he ?us ent]s4 ,! relation _c be =c$ ^u him4 ,:at ?\gh ,elizabe? c\nt5anc$ ,john ,hawk9s 9 /eal+ ! natives ( ,africa8--:at ?\gh ,james1 & ,*>les1 & ,george1 op5$ a m>ket = !m 9 ! ,engli% colonies8--:at ?\gh mod]n ,dracos h fram$ mis*ief by law1 9 legaliz+ man-/eal+ & slavehold+8--:at ?\gh y\r ance/ors1 9 prep>+ to g to _! own place1 con/itut$ y ! own] ( ! neighbors :om !y _h us$ z cattle8--:at ( all ?is1 & z mu* m l ?is1 z c be drawn f ! hi/ory ( t dreadful process by :i* m5 are deem$1 held1 tak51 reput$1 & adjudg$ 9 law to be *attels p]sonal8 ,c all ?is =ce y to put ! cap ^u ! climax--to cl9* ! nail by do+ t1 )\t :i* no?+ 9 ! "w ( slave-mak+ w\ld be attempt$8 ,! slavehold] is ! s\l ( ! :ole sy/em4 ,)\t him1 ! *attel pr9ciple is a lifeless ab/raction4 ,)\t him1 *>t]s1 & m>kets1 & laws1 & te/am5ts1 are empty names4 ,& does he ?9k to escape responsibility8 ,:y1 kidnapp]s1 & s\l-driv]s1 & law-mak]s1 are no?+ b 8 ag5ts4 ,he is ! guilty pr9cipal4 ,let him look to x4 ,footnote #ai3 ,y jo9 ) !m 9 _! bloody "w4 ,!y murd]1 & y bury ! victims4 ,b :at c he d8 ,d8 ,keep 8 h&s (f 8 neighbor's ?roat4 ,let him refuse to f9i% & ratify ! process by :i* ! *attel pr9ciple is c>ri$ into effect4 ,let him refuse1 9 ! face ( d]ision1 & reproa*1 & opposition4 ,?\gh pov]ty %\ld fa/5 its bony h& ^u him1 & p]secution %oot =? its =k$ tongue2 :atev] may betide him--scorn1 flight1 flames--let him promptly & /eadfa/ly refuse4 ,bett] ! spite & hate ( m5 ?an ! wra? ( ,heav56 ,if ?y "r eye (f5d !e1 pluck x out & ca/ x f !e2 = x is pr(itable = !e1 t "o ( ?y memb]s %\ld p]i%1 & n t ?y :ole body %\ld be ca/ into hell4 ,pr(essor ,/ew>t admits1 t ! ,gold5 ,rule & ! second great comm&m5t decide aga9/ ! !ory ( slav]y1 z be+ 9 itself "r4 ,:at1 !n1 is _! relation to ! p>ticul> precepts1 in/itutions1 & usages1 :i* are au?oriz$ & enjo9$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,( all ^!1 !y are ! summ>y expression--! compreh5sive description4 ,no precept 9 ! ,bible1 en=c+ our mutual obligations1 c be m or less ?an ! application ( ^! injunctions to specific relations or p>ticul> occasions & conditions4 ,nei!r 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t nor ! ,new1 d prophets tea* or laws enjo91 any ?+ :i* ! ,gold5 ,rule & ! second great comm& d n conta94 ,:atev] !y =bid1 no o!r precept c require2 & :atev] !y require1 no o!r precept c =bid4 ,:at1 !n1 does he attempt1 :o turns ov] ! sacr$ pages to f9d some?+ 9 ! way ( p]mission or comm&1 :i* may set him free f ! obligations ( ! ,gold5 ,rule8 ,:at mu/ 8 objects1 me?ods1 _s be1 to =ce him to ent] ^u su* inquiries8--to compel him to se>* ! ,bible = su* a purpose8 ,c he h good int5tions1 or be well employ$8 ,is 8 frame ( m9d adapt$ to ! /udy ( ! ,bible8--to make its mean+ pla9 & welcome8 ,:at mu/ he ?9k ( ,god1 to se>* 8 ^w 9 que/ ( gross inconsi/5cies1 & grave contradictions6 ,inconsi/5t legislation 9 ,jehovah6 ,contradictory comm&s6 ,p]missions at w> ) prohibitions6 ,g5]al requirem5ts at v>iance ) p>ticul> arrangem5ts6 ,:at mu/ be ! moral "* ( any in/itution :i* ! ,gold5 ,rule decides aga9/8--:i* ! second great comm& condemns8 ,x _c b be wick$1 :e!r newly e/abli%$ or long ma9ta9$4 ,h[ev] x may be %ap$1 turn$1 color$--"u e modification & at all times--wick$ness mu/ be its prop] "*4 ,x mu/ be1 ,,9 ,,itself1 ap>t f its circum/ances1 ,,9 ,,its ,,ess5ce1 ap>t f its incid5ts1 ,,s9ful4 ,,?9k ,,n ,,to ,,say ,,)9 ,,y\rselves1 ,,we ,,h ,,abraham ,,= ,,our ,,fa!r4 ,9 dispos+ ( ^? precepts & exhortations :i* h a specific be>+ ^u ! subject ( slav]y1 x is greatly important1 nay1 absolutely ess5tial1 t we look =? ^u ! objects ar\nd u f ! "r po/ ( obs]vation4 ,our /& we mu/ take at "s c5tral po9t1 amid/ ! g5]al maxims & fundam5tal precepts1 ! kn[n circum/ances & *>act]i/ic arrangem5ts1 ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,o!rwise1 wrong views & false conclusions w be ! result ( our /udies4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 be too e>ne/ 9 try+ to cat* ! g5]al features & preval5t _s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t in/itutions & arrangem5ts4 ,= to :at conclusions mu/ we come1 if we unwitt+ly pursue our inquiries "u ! bias ( ! prejudice1 t ! g5]al maxims ( social life :i* n[ prevail 9 ?is c\ntry1 7 curr5t1 on ! au?ority ( ! ,savior1 among ! primitive ,*ri/ians6 ,t1 = in/ance1 weal?1 /ation1 tal5ts1 are ! /&>d by :i* our claims ^u1 & our reg>d =1 o!rs1 %\ld be modifi$8--,t ^? :o are p9*$ by pov]ty1 worn by disease1 task$ 9 m5ial labors1 or m>k$ by features (f5sive to ! ta/e ( ! artificial & caprici\s1 are to be exclud$ f ^? refre%+ & elevat+ influ5ces :i* intellig5ce & ref9em5t may be expect$ to ex]t2 t ?us !y are to con/itute a class by !mselves1 & to be made to "k & keep _! place at ! v bottom ( society8 ,or1 :at if we %\ld ?9k & speak ( ! primitive ,*ri/ians1 z if !y _h ! same pecuni>y res\rces z ,heav5 has lavi%$ ^u ! ,am]ican *ur*es8--z if !y 7 z rem>kable = afflu5ce1 elegance1 & spl5dor8 ,or1 z if !y _h z high a position & z ext5sive an influ5ce 9 politics & lit]ature8--hav+ directly or indirectly1 ! control ov] ! high places ( le>n+ & ( p[]8 ,if we %\ld pursue our /udies & arrange our argum5ts--if we %\ld expla9 words & int]pret language--"u su* a bias1 :at mu/ inevitably be ! results8 ,:at w\ld be ! wor? ( our conclusions8 ,:at confid5ce c\ld be repos$ 9 any in/ruction we might und]take to furni%8 ,& is n ?is ! way 9 :i* ! advocates & apologi/s ( slav]y dispose ( ! be>+ :i* primitive ,*ri/ianity has ^u x8 ,!y fir/ ascribe1 unwitt+ly1 p]haps1 to ! primitive *ur*es2 ! "*1 relations1 & condition ( ,am]ican ,*ri/ianity1 & amid/ ! deep d>kness & /range confusion ?us produc$1 set ab\t int]pret+ ! language & expla9+ ! usages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t6 ,,s ,,t ,,ye ,,are ,,)\t ,,excuse4 ,among ! lessons ( in/ruction :i* our ,savior imp>t$1 hav+ a g5]al be>+ on ! subject ( slav]y1 t 9 :i* he sets up ! true /&>d ( greatness1 des]ves p>ticul> att5tion4 ,9 repress+ ! ambition ( 8 disciples1 he held up be=e !m ! me?ods by :i* alone heal?ful aspirations = em95ce c\ld be gratifi$1 & ?us set ! elem5ts ( true greatness 9 ! cle>e/ light4 ,ye "k1 t !y :i* are acc\nt$ to rule ov] ! ,g5tiles1 ex]cise lord%ip ov] !m2 & _! great ones ex]cise au?ority ^u !m4 ,b s %all x n be among y2 b :osoev] w be great among y1 %all be y\r m9i/]2 & :osoev] ( y w be ! *iefe/1 %all be s]vant ( all4 ,9 o!r words1 ?r\gh ! selfi%ness & pride ( mank9d1 ! maxim widely prevails 9 ! _w1 t x is ! privilege1 pr]ogative1 & m>k ( greatness1 ,,to ,,exact ,,s]vice2 t our sup]iority to o!rs1 :ile x au?orizes u to relax ! ex]tion ( our own p[]s1 gives u a fair title to ! use ( !irs2 t might1 :ile x exempts u f s]v+1 gives ! "r to be s]v$4 ,! in/ructions ( ! ,savior op5 ! way to greatness = u 9 ! opposite direction4 ,sup]iority to o!rs1 9 :atev] x may consi/1 gives u a claim to a wid] field ( ex]tion1 & dem&s ( u a l>g] am\nt ( s]vice4 ,we c be great only z we are useful4 ,& might gives "r to bless our fell[ m51 by improv+ e opportunity & employ+ e faculty1 affectionately1 e>ne/ly1 & unwe>i$ly1 9 _! s]vice4 ,?us ! great] ! man1 ! m active1 fai?ful1 & useful ! s]vant4 ,! ,savior has himself taught u h[ ?is doctr9e mu/ be appli$4 ,he bids u improve e opportunity & employ e p[]1 ev5 ?r\gh ! mo/ m5ial s]vices1 9 bless+ ! human family4 ,& to make ?is lesson %9e ^u our und]/&+s & move our he>ts1 he embodi$ 9 x a mo/ in/ructive & attractive example4 ,on a memorable occasion1 & j be=e 8 crucifixion1 he dis*>g$ = 8 disciples ! mo/ m5ial ( all (fices--tak+1 9 wa%+ _! feet1 ! place ( ! l[e/ s]vant4 ,he took great pa9s to make !m und]/&1 t only by imitat+ ?is example c\ld !y honor _! relations to him z _! ,ma/]2 t ?us only w\ld !y f9d !mselves bless$4 ,by :at possibility c\ld slav]y exi/ "u ! influ5ce ( su* a lesson1 set home by su* an example8 ,0 x :ile wa%+ ! disciples' feet1 t our ,savior au?oriz$ "o man to make a *attel ( ano!r8 ,to refuse to provide = ourselves by useful labor1 ! apo/le ,paul tea*es u to reg>d z a grave (f5ce4 ,aft] rem9d+ ! ,!ssalonian ,*ri/ians1 t 9 addition to all 8 (ficial ex]tions he _h ) 8 own muscles e>n$ 8 own bread1 he calls _! att5tion to an arrangem5t :i* 0 support$ by apo/olical au?ority1 t if any w\ld n "w1 nei!r %\ld he eat4 ,9 ! mo/ e>ne/ & solemn mann]1 & z a m9i/] ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 he comm&$ & exhort$ ^? :o neglect$ useful labor1 ) quietness to "w & eat _! own bread4 ,:at mu/ be ! be>+ ( all ?is ^u slav]y8 ,c\ld slav]y be ma9ta9$ :]e e man eat ! bread :i* himself _h e>n$8--:]e idl5ess 0 e/eem$ s great a crime1 z to be reckon$ wor?y ( />vation z a puni%m5t8 ,h[ c\ld unrequit$ labor be exact$1 or us$1 or ne$$8 ,mu/ n e "o 9 su* a community contribute 8 %>e to ! g5]al welf>e8--& mutual s]vice & mutual support be ! natural result8 ,! same apo/le1 9 writ+ to ano!r *ur*1 describes ! true s\rce :5ce ! means ( lib]ality ought to be d]iv$4 ,let him t /ole /eal no m2 b r let him labor1 work+ ) 8 h&s ! ?+ :i* is good1 t he may h to give to him t ne$e?4 ,let ?is lesson1 z f ! lips ( ,jehovah1 be proclaim$ ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,let x be univ]sally welcom$ & r$uc$ to practice4 ,let ?ieves give up :at !y _h /ol5 to ! lawful proprietors1 cease /eal+1 & beg9 at once to labor1 work+ ) _! h&s1 = necess>y & *>itable purposes4 ,c\ld slav]y1 9 su* a case1 cont9ue to exi/8 ,surely n6 ,in/ead ( exact+ unpaid s]vices f o!rs1 e man w\ld be busy1 ex]t+ himself n only to provide = 8 own wants1 b also to accumulate funds1 t he might h to give to ! ne$y4 ,slav]y mu/ disappe>1 root & bran*1 at once & =ev]4 ,9 describ+ ! s\rce :5ce 8 m9i/]s %\ld expect _! support1 ! ,savior furni%$ a g5]al pr9ciple1 :i* has an obvi\s & p[]ful be>+ on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,he w\ld h !m rememb]1 :ile ex]t+ !mselves = ! b5efit ( _! fell[ m51 t ! labor] is wor?y ( 8 hire4 ,he has ?us unit$ wages ) "w4 ,:oev] r5d]s ! "o is entitl$ to ! o!r4 ,& ?is manife/ly accord+ to a mutual und]/&+ & a volunt>y arrangem5t4 ,= ! doctr9e t ,i may =ce y to "w = me = :atev] consid]ation ,i may please to fix ^u1 fairly op5s ! way = ! doctr9e1 t y1 9 turn1 may =ce me to r5d] y :atev] wages y may *oose to exact = any s]vices y may see fit to r5d]4 ,?us slav]y1 ev5 z involunt>y s]vitude1 is cut up by ! root4 ,ev5 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor seems to reg>d x z a violation ( ! pr9ciple :i* unites "w ) wages4 ,! apo/le ,james applies ?is pr9ciple to ! claims ( manual labor]s--( ^? :o hold ! pl\gh & ?ru/ 9 ! sickle4 ,he calls ! ri* lordl+s :o exact$ sweat & )held wages1 to weep+ & h[l+1 assur+ !m t ! compla9ts ( ! injur$ labor] _h ent]$ into ! e> ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s1 & t1 z a result ( _! oppression1 _! ri*es 7 corrupt$1 & _! g>m5ts mo?-eat52 _! gold & silv] 7 cank]$2 t ! ru/ ( !m %\ld be a witness aga9/ !m1 & %\ld eat _! fle% z x 7 fire2 t1 9 "o ^w1 !y _h heap$ treasures toge!r = ! la/ days1 :5 mis]ies 7 com+ ^u !m1 ! prospect ( :i* might well dr5* !m 9 te>s & fill !m ) t]ror4 ,if ^! admonitions & w>n+s 7 he$$ !re1 w\ld n ! ,s\? break =? into weep+ & wail+1 & gna%+ ( tee?8 ,:at else are its ri* m5 ab\t1 b )hold+ by a sy/em ( fraud1 8 wages f ! labor]1 :o is we>+ himself out "u ! impulse ( fe>1 9 cultivat+ _! fields & produc+ _! luxuries6 ,enc\ragem5t & support d !y d]ive f ,james1 9 ma9ta9+ ! peculi> in/itution :i* !y call patri>*al1 & boa/ ( z ! corn]-/one ( ! republic8 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 we h1 moreov]1 ! g5]al injunction1 ,honor all m54 ,"u ?is broad precept1 e =m ( humanity may ju/ly claim protection & respect4 ,! invasion ( any human "r mu/ d di%onor to humanity1 & be a transgression ( ?is comm&4 ,h[ !n1 9 ! light ( su* obligations1 mu/ slav]y be reg>d$8 ,are ^? m5 honor$1 :o are rudely exclud$ f a place 9 ! human family1 & %ut up to ! deep degradation & nameless horrors ( *attel%ip8 ,c !y be held z slaves1 & at ! same "t be honor$ z m58 ,h[ f>1 9 obey+ ?is comm&1 we are to g1 we may inf] f ! admonitions & in/ructions :i* ,james applies to ! arrangem5ts & usages ( religi\s assemblies4 ,into ^! he c n all[ respect ( p]sons to ent]4 ,my bre?r51 he exclaims1 h n ! fai? ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,"l ( glory1 ) respect ( p]sons4 ,= if !re come unto y\r assembly a man ) a gold r+1 9 goodly app>el2 & !re come 9 also a poor man 9 vile raim5t2 & ye h respect to him t we>e? ! gay clo?+1 & say unto him1 sit ?\ "h 9 a good place2 & say to ! poor1 /& ?\ !re1 or sit "h "u my foot/ool2 are ye n !n p>tial 9 y\rselves1 & are become judges ( evil ?\ghts8 ,if ye h respect to p]sons1 ye commit s91 & are conv9c$ ( ! law z transgressors4 ,on ?is g5]al pr9ciple1 !n1 religi\s assemblies ought to be regulat$--t e man is to be e/imat$1 n accord+ to 8 circum/ances--n accord+ to any?+ incid5tal to 8 condition2 b accord+ to 8 moral wor?--accord+ to ! ess5tial features & vital elem5ts ( 8 "*4 ,gold r+s & gay clo?+1 z !y qualify no man =1 c entitle no man to1 a good place 9 ! *ur*4 ,nor c ! vile raim5t ( ! poor man1 fairly exclude him f any sph]e1 h[ev] exalt$1 :i* 8 he>t & head may fit him to fill4 ,to d5y ?is1 9 !ory or practice1 is to degrade a man bel[ a ?+2 = :at are gold r+s1 or gay clo?+1 or vile raim5t1 b ?+s1 :i* p]i% ) ! us+8 ,& ?is mu/ be to commit s91 & be conv9c$ ( ! law z transgressor4 ,9 slav]y1 we h respect ( p]sons1 /rongly m>k$1 & r$uc$ to sy/em4 ,"h m5 are despis$ n m]ely = ! vile raim5t1 :i* may cov] _! sc>r$ bodies4 ,?is is bad en\gh4 ,b ! deepe/ contempt ( humanity "h gr[s out ( bir? or complexion4 ,vile raim5t may be1 (t5 is1 ! result ( indol5ce1 or improvid5ce1 or extravagance4 ,x may be1 (t5 is1 an index ( "*4 ,b h[ c ,i be responsible = ! incid5ts ( my bir?8--h[ = my complexion8 ,to despise or honor me = ^!1 is to be guilty ( respect ( p]sons 9 its grosse/ =m1 & ) its wor/ effects4 ,x is to rew>d or puni% me = :at ,i _h no?+ to d )2 = :i*1 !re=e1 ,i _c1 )\t ! greate/ inju/ice1 be held responsible4 ,x is to poison ! v f\nta9s ( ju/ice1 by conf\nd+ all moral di/9ctions4 ,:at1 !n1 s f> z ! au?ority ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is conc]n$1 becomes ( slav]y1 :i* _c be ma9ta9$ "u any =m nor = a s+le mom5t1 )\t respect ( p]sons ! mo/ aggravat$ & un5durable8 ,& :at w\ld become ( t mo/ pitiful1 silly1 & wick$ arrangem5t 9 s _m ( our *ur*es1 9 :i* wor%ipp]s ( a d>k complexion are to be s5t up to ! negro pew8#bj ,footnote #bj3 ,9 ,c>lyle's ,review ( ! ,memoirs ( ,mirabeau1 we h ! foll[+ anecdote illu/rative ( ! "* ( a gr&mo!r ( ! ,c\nt4 ,fancy ! dame ,mirabeau sail+ /ately t[>ds ! *ur* font2 ano!r dame /rik+ 9 to take prec$5ce ( h]2 ! dame ,mirabeau despat*+ ?is latt] ) a box on ! e>1 & ^! words1 ',"h1 z 9 ! army1 ,,! ,,baggage goes la/6' ,let ^? :o ju/ify ! negro-pew arrangem5t1 ?r[ a /one at ?is pr\d woman--if !y d>e4 ,nor are we p]mitt$ to conf9e ?is pr9ciple to religi\s assemblies4 ,x is to p]vade social life ev]y:]e4 ,ev5 :]e pl5ty1 intellig5ce & ref9em5t1 diffuse _! brighte/ rays1 ! poor are to be welcom$ ) especial favor4 ,!n said he to him t bade him1 :5 ?\ make/ a d9n] or a supp]1 call n ?y fri5ds1 nor ?y bre?r51 nei!r ?y k9sm51 nor ?y ri* neighbors1 le/ !y also bid !e aga91 & a recomp5se be made !e4 ,b :5 ?\ make/ a fea/1 call ! poor & ! maim$1 ! lame & ! bl9d1 & ?\ %alt be bless$2 = !y _c recomp5se !e1 b ?\ %alt be recomp5s$ at ! resurrection ( ! j4 ,9 ! high places ( social life !n--9 ! p>lor1 ! draw+-room1 ! saloon--special ref]5ce %\ld be _h1 9 e arrangem5t1 to ! com=t & improvem5t ( ^? :o are lea/ able to provide = ! *eape/ rites ( hospitality4 ,= ^!1 ample accommodations mu/ be made1 :atev] may become ( our k9sm5 & ri* neighbors4 ,& = ?is good reason1 t :ile su* occasions signify little to ! latt]1 to ! =m] !y are pregnant ) good--rais+ _! droop+ spirits1 *e]+ _! despond+ he>ts1 inspir+ !m ) life1 & hope1 & joy4 ,! ri* & ! poor ?us meet+ joyfully toge!r1 _c b mutually contribute to ea* o!r's b5efit2 ! ri* w be l$ to mod]ation1 sobriety1 & circumspection1 & ! poor to indu/ry1 provid5ce1 & cont5tm5t4 ,! recomp5se mu/ be great & sure4 ,a mo/ beautiful & in/ructive comm5t>y on ! text 9 :i* ^! ?+s are taught1 ! ,savior furni%$ 9 8 own conduct4 ,he freely m+l$ ) ^? :o 7 r$uc$ to ! v bottom ( society4 ,at ! tables ( ! outca/s ( society he did n hesitate to be a *e]ful gue/1 surr\nd$ by publicans & s9n]s4 ,& :5 fl\t$ & reproa*$ by smoo? & l(ty ecclesia/ics1 z an ultrai/ & level]1 he expla9$ & ju/ifi$ himself by obs]v+1 t he _h only done :at 8 (fice dem&$4 ,x 0 8 to seek ! lo/1 to heal ! sick1 to pity ! wret*$2--9 a ^w1 to be/[ j su* b5efits z ! v>i\s necessities ( mank9d made appropriate & welcome4 ,9 8 great he>t1 !re 0 room en\gh = ^? :o _h be5 exclud$ f ! sympa?y ( little s\ls4 ,9 its _s & design1 ! gospel ov]look$ none--lea/ ( all1 ! outca/s ( a selfi% _w4 ,c slav]y1 h[ev] modifi$1 be consi/5t ) su* a gospel8--a gospel :i* requires u1 ev5 amid/ ! highe/ =ms ( social life1 to ex]t ourselves to raise ! depress$ by giv+ our w>me/ sympa?ies to ^? :o h ! smalle/ %>e 9 ! favor ( ! _w8 ,^? :o are 9 bonds are set be=e u z des]v+ an especial remembrance4 ,_! claims ^u u are describ$ z a modification ( ! ,gold5 ,rule--z "o ( ! _m =ms to :i* its obligations are r$ucible4 ,to !m we are to ext5d ! same affectionate reg>d z we w\ld covet = ourselves1 if ! *a9s ^u _! limbs 7 fa/5$ ^u ours4 ,to ! b5efits ( ?is precept1 ! enslav$ h a natural claim ( ! greate/ /r5g?4 ,! wrongs !y suff] spr+ f a p]secution :i* c h>dly be surpass$ 9 malignancy4 ,_! bir? & complexion are ! occasion ( ! insults & injuries :i* !y c nei!r endure nor escape4 ,x is = ! "w ( ,god1 & n _! own des]ts1 t !y are load$ ) *a9s4 ,?is is p]secution4 ,c ,i reg>d ! slave z ano!r self--c ,i put myself 9 8 place--& be indiff]5t to 8 wrongs8 ,especially1 c ,i1 ?us affect$1 take sides ) ! oppressor8 ,c\ld ,i1 9 su* a /ate ( m9d z ! gospel requires me to *]i%1 r$uce him to slav]y or keep him 9 bonds8 ,is n ! precept "u h& naturally subv]sive ( e sy/em & e =m ( slav]y8 ,! g5]al descriptions ( ! *ur*1 :i* are f\nd "h & !re 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 are highly in/ructive 9 _! be>+ on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,9 "o connection1 ! foll[+ words meet ! eye3 ,!re is nei!r ,jew nor ,greek1 !re is nei!r bond nor free1 !re is nei!r male nor female2 = ye are all "o 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4#ba ,"h we h-- #a4 ,a cle> & /rong description ( ! doctr9e ( human equality4 ,ye are all ,,"o2--s mu* alike1 s truly plac$ on common gr\nd1 all wield+ ea* 8 own p[]s ) su* fre$om1 t "o is ! same z ano!r4 #b4 ,?is doctr9e1 self-evid5t 9 ! light ( reason1 is affirm$ on div9e au?ority4 ,,9 ,,*ri/ ,,jesus1 ye are all "o4 ,! natural equality ( ! human family is a "p ( ! gospel4 ,=-- #c4 ,all ! human family are includ$ 9 ?is description4 ,:e!r m5 or wom51 :e!r bond or free1 :e!r ,jews or ,g5tiles1 all are alike entitl$ to ! b5efit ( ?is doctr9e4 ,:e!r ,*ri/ianity prevails1 ! artificial di/9ctions :i* gr[ out ( bir?1 condition1 sex1 are done away4 ,natural di/9ctions are n de/roy$4 ,!y are recogniz$1 hall[$1 confirm$4 ,! gospel does n aboli% ! sexes1 =bid a division ( labor1 or ext+ui% patriotism4 ,x takes woman f b5ea? ! feet1 & places h] by ! side ( man2 deliv]s ! manual labor] f ! yoke1 & gives him wages = 8 "w2 & br+s ! ,jew & ! ,g5tile to embrace ea* o!r ) frat]nal love & confid5ce4 ,?us x raises all to a common level1 gives to ea* ! free use ( 8 own p[]s & res\rces1 b9ds all toge!r 9 "o de> & lov+ bro!rhood4 ,su*1 accord+ to ! description ( ! apo/le1 0 ! influ5ce1 & su* ! effect ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,behold ! picture6 ,is x l ,am]ican slav]y1 :i*1 9 all its t5d5cies & effects1 is de/ructive ( all on5ess among bre?r58 ,footnote #ba3 ,gal4 iii4 #bh4 ,:]e ! _s ( ! ,"l is1 exclaims ! same apo/le1 ) 8 eye ^u ! condition & relations ( ! *ur*1 :]e ! _s ( ! ,"l is1 ,,!re ,,is ,,lib]ty4 ,:]e1 !n1 may we rev]5tly recognize ! pres5ce1 & b[ be=e ! manife/$ p[]1 ( ?is _s8 ,!re1 :]e ! labor] may n *oose h[ he %all be employ$6--9 :at way 8 wants %all be suppli$6--) :om he %all associate6--:o %all h ! fruit ( 8 ex]tions6 ,!re1 :]e he is n free to enjoy 8 wife & *ildr56 ,!re1 :]e 8 body & 8 s\l1 8 v de/9y1#bb are plac$ altoge!r beyond 8 control6 ,!re1 :]e e p[] is crippl$1 e en]gy bla/$1 e hope cru%$6 ,!re1 :]e 9 all ! relations & conc]ns ( life1 he is legally treat$ z if he _h no?+ to d ) ! laws ( reason1 ! light ( immortality1 or ! ex]cise ( w6 ,is ! _s ( ! ,"l !re1 :]e lib]ty is decri$ & d5\nc$1 mock$ at & spit ^u1 betray$ & crucifi$6 ,9 ! mid/ ( a *ur* :i* ju/ifi$ slav]y1 :i* d]iv$ its support f slav]y1 :i* c>ri$ on its ent]prises by means ( slav]y1 w\ld ! apo/le h f\nd ! fruits ( ! ,_s ( ! ,"l6 ,let t ,_s ex]t 8 influ5ces1 & ass]t 8 au?ority1 & wield 8 p[]1 & slav]y mu/ vani% at once & = ev]4 ,footnote #bb3 ,! legislature 7( ,s\? ,c>ol9a7 f "t to "t1 has pass$ _m re/rict$ & p5al acts1 ) a view to br+ "u direct control & subjection ! ,,de/9y ( ! black population4 ,see ! ,remon/rance ( ,james ,s4 ,pope & #ceb o!rs aga9/ home mission>y ef=ts = ! b5efit ( ! enslav$--a mo/ in/ructive pap]4 ,9 m ?an "o connection1 ! apo/le ,james describes ,*ri/ianity z ! law ( lib]ty4 ,x is1 9 o!r words1 ! law "u :i* lib]ty _c b live & fl\ri%--! law 9 :i* lib]ty is cle>ly def9$1 /rongly ass]t$1 & well protect$4 ,z ! law ( lib]ty1 h[ c x be consi/5t ) ! law ( slav]y8 ,! pres5ce & ! p[] ( ?is law are felt :]ev] ! light ( reason %9es4 ,!y are felt 9 ! uneas9ess & consci\s degradation ( ! slave1 & 9 ! %ame & remorse :i* ! ma/] betrays 9 8 reluctant & desp]ate ef=ts to def5d himself4 ,?is law x is :i* has arm$ human nature aga9/ ! oppressor4 ,:]ev] x is obey$1 e yoke is brok54 ,9 ^! ref]5ces to ! ,new ,te/am5t we h a g5]al description ( ! primitive *ur*1 & ! pr9ciples on :i* x 0 f\nd$ & fa%ion$4 ,^! pr9ciples be> ! same relation to ,*ri/ian hi/ory z to ,*ri/ian "*1 s9ce ! =m] is occupi$ ) ! developm5t ( ! latt]4 ,:at !n is ,*ri/ian "* b ,*ri/ian pr9ciple realiz$1 act$ out1 bodi$ =?1 & animat$8 ,*ri/ian pr9ciple is ! s\l1 ( :i* ,*ri/ian "* is ! expression--! manife/ation4 ,x compreh5ds 9 itself1 z a liv+ se$1 su* ,*ri/ian "*1 "u e =m1 modification1 & complexion4 ,! =m] is1 !re=e1 ! te/ & int]pret] ( ! latt]4 ,9 ! light ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 & 9 t light only we c judge ( & expla9 ,*ri/ian "*4 ,*ri/ian hi/ory is occupi$ ) ! =ms1 modifications1 & v>i\s aspects ( ,*ri/ian "*4 ,! facts :i* are !re record$ s]ve to %[1 h[ ,*ri/ian pr9ciple has f>$ 9 ?is _w--h[ x has appe>$1 :at x has done1 h[ x has be5 treat$4 ,9 ^! facts we h ! v>i\s in/itutions1 usages1 designs1 do+s1 & suff]+s ( ! *ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,& all ^! h ( necessity1 ! close/ relation to ,*ri/ian pr9ciple4 ,!y are ! production ( its p[]4 ,?r\gh !m1 x is reveal$ & manife/$4 ,9 its light1 !y are to be /udi$1 expla9$1 & und]/ood4 ,)\t x !y mu/ be z un9telligible & insignificant z ! lett]s ( a book scatt]$ on ! w9d4 ,9 ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity1 !n1 we h a compreh5sive & fai?ful acc\nt ( its objects1 in/itutions1 & usages--( h[ x mu/ behave1 & act1 & suff]1 9 a _w ( s9 & mis]y4 ,= betwe5 ! pr9ciples :i* ,god reveals1 on ! "o h&1 & ! precepts he enjo9s1 ! in/itutions he e/abli%es1 & ! usages he approves1 on ! o!r1 !re mu/ be consi/5cy & h>mony4 ,o!rwise we impute to ,god :at we mu/ abhor 9 man--practice at w> ) pr9ciple4 ,does ! ,savior1 !n1 lay d[n ! pr9ciple t our /&+ 9 ! *ur* mu/ dep5d ^u ! habits =m$ )9 u1 ( readily & he>tily subs]v+ ! welf>e ( o!rs2 & p]mit u 9 practice to invade ! rights & trample on ! happ9ess ( our fell[s1 by r$uc+ !m to slav]y4 ,does he1 9 pr9ciple & by example1 require u to g all l5g?s 9 r5d]+ mutual s]vice1 or compreh5d+ (fices t mo/ m5ial1 z well z ! mo/ honorable2 & p]mit u 9 practice to ,,exact s]vice ( our bre?r51 z if !y 7 no?+ bett] ?an articles ( m]*&ize6 ,does he require u 9 pr9ciple to "w ) quietness & eat our own bread2 & p]mit u 9 practice to wre/ f our bre?r5 ! fruits ( _! unrequit$ toil8 ,does he 9 pr9ciple require u1 ab/a9+ f e =m ( !ft1 to employ our p[]s 9 useful labor1 n only to provide = ourselves b also to relieve ! indig5ce ( o!rs2 & p]mit u 9 practice1 ab/a9+ f e =m ( labor1 to enri* & aggr&ize ourselves ) ! fruits ( man-/eal+8 ,does he require u 9 pr9ciple to reg>d ! labor] z wor?y ( 8 hire2 & p]mit u 9 practice to defraud him ( 8 wages8 ,does he require u 9 pr9ciple to honor ,,all m52 & p]mit u 9 practice to treat multitudes l cattle8 ,does he 9 pr9ciple prohibit respect ( p]sons2 & p]mit u 9 practice to place ! feet ( ! ri* ^u ! necks ( ! poor8 ,does he 9 pr9ciple require u to sympa?ize ) ! bondman z ano!r self2 & p]mit u 9 practice to leave him unpiti$ & unhelp$ 9 ! h&s ( ! oppressor8 ,9 pr9ciple1 :]e ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is1 !re is lib]ty2 9 practice1 is slav]y ! fruit ( ! ,_s8 ,9 pr9ciple1 ,*ri/ianity is ! law ( lib]ty2 9 practice1 x is ! law ( slav]y8 ,br+ practice 9 ^! v>i\s respects into h>mony ) pr9ciple1 & :at becomes ( slav]y8 ,& if1 :]e ! div9e gov]nm5t is conc]n$1 practice is ! expression ( pr9ciple1 & pr9ciple ! /&>d & int]pret] ( practice1 su* h>mony _c b be ma9ta9$ & mu/ be ass]t$4 ,9 /udy+1 !re=e1 fragm5ts ( hi/ory & sket*es ( biography--9 dispos+ ( ref]5ces to in/itutions1 usages1 & facts 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?is necess>y h>mony betwe5 pr9ciple & practice 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,god1 %\ld be cont9ually pres5t to ! ?\ghts ( ! int]pret]4 ,pr9ciples ass]t :at practice mu/ be4 ,:atev] pr9ciple condemns1 ,god condemns4 ,x belongs to ^? we$s ( ! dung-hill :i*1 plant$ by an enemy1 8 h& w assur$ly root up4 ,x is mo/ c]ta9 !n1 t if slav]y prevail$ 9 ! fir/ ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 x c\ld n[h]e h prevail$ "u its influ5ce & ) its sanction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! condition 9 :i* 9 its ef=ts to bless mank9d1 ! primitive *ur* 0 plac$1 mu/ h greatly assi/$ ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 9 und]/&+ & apply+ ! pr9ciples ( ! gospel4 ,_! ,ma/] 0 born 9 great obscurity1 liv$ 9 ! deepe/ pov]ty1 & di$ ! mo/ ignom9i\s dea?4 ,! place ( 8 resid5ce1 8 famili>ity ) ! outca/s ( society1 8 welcom+ assi/ance & support f female h&s1 8 ca/+ 8 belov$ "m1 :5 he hung ^u ! cross1 ^u ! *>ity ( a disciple--su* ?+s ev9ce ! dep? ( 8 pov]ty1 & %[ to :at d]ision & contempt he mu/ h be5 expos$4 ,c\ld su* an "o1 despis$ & reject$ ( m5--a man ( sorr[s & acqua9t$ ) grief1 play ! oppressor1 or smile on ^? :o made m]*&ize ( ! poor6 ,& :at 0 ! hi/ory ( ! apo/les1 b an illu/ration ( ! doctr9e1 t x is en\gh = ! disciple1 t he be z 8 ,ma/]8 ,7 !y lordly ecclesia/ics1 ab\nd+ ) weal?1 %9+ ) spl5dor1 bloat$ ) luxury6 ,7 !y ambiti\s ( di/9ction1 fleec+1 & trampl+1 & dev\r+ ! flocks1 t !y !mselves might h ! pre-em95ce6 ,7 !y slavehold+ bi%ops6 ,or did !y d]ive _! support f ! wages ( iniquity & ! price ( blood6 ,c su* inf]5ces be drawn f ! acc\nt ( _! condition1 :i* ! mo/ gift$ & ent]pris+ ( _! numb] has put ^u record8 ,ev5 unto ?is pres5t h\r1 we bo? hung]1 & ?ir/1 & are nak$1 & are buffett$1 & h no c]ta9 dwell+ place1 & labor work+ ) our own h&s4 ,be+ revil$1 we bless2 be+ p]secut$1 we suff] x2 be+ defam$1 we entreat2 we are made z ! fil? ( ! _w1 & are ,,! ,,(fsc\r+ ,,( ,,all ,,?+s unto ?is day4#bc ,are ^! ! m5 :o practis$ or c\nt5anc$ slav]y8 ,) su* a temp]1 !y ,,w\ld ,,n2 9 su* circum/ances1 !y ,,c\ld ,,n4 ,expos$ to tribulation1 di/ress1 & p]secution2 subject to fam9e & nak$ness1 to p]il & ! sword2 kill$ all ! day long2 acc\nt$ z %eep = ! slaught]1#bd !y w\ld h made b a sorry figure at ! great-h\se or slave-m>ket4 ,footnote #bc3 #a ,cor4 iv4 #aa-ac4 ,footnote #bd3 ,rom4 viii4 #ce1 #cf4 ,nor 0 ! condition ( ! bre?r51 g5]ally1 bett] ?an t ( ! apo/les4 ,! position ( ! apo/les d\btless entitl$ !m to ! /ronge/ opposition1 ! heavie/ reproa*es1 ! fi]ce/ p]secution4 ,b d]ision & contempt mu/ h be5 ! lot ( ,*ri/ians g5]ally4 ,surely we _c ?9k s ill ( primitive ,*ri/ianity z to suppose t believ]s1 g5]ally1 refus$ to %>e 9 ! trials & suff]+s ( _! lead]s2 z to suppose t :ile ! lead]s submitt$ to manual labor1 to buffet+1 to be reckon$ ! fil? ( ! _w1 to be acc\nt$ z %eep = ! slaught]1 8 bre?r5 liv$ 9 afflu5ce1 ease1 & honor6 despis+ manual labor & liv+ ^u ! sweat ( unrequit$ toil6 ,b on ?is po9t we are n left to m]e inf]5ce & conjecture4 ,! apo/le ,paul 9 ! pla9e/ language expla9s ! ord9ation ( ,heav54 ,b ,god ha? ,,*os5 ! fooli% ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! wise2 & ,god ha? ,,*os5 ! weak ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! ?+s :i* are mighty2 & base ?+s ( ! _w1 & ?+s :i* are despis$ ha? ,god ,,*os51 yea1 & ,,?+s ,,:i* ,,are ,,n1 to br+ to n\ght ?+s t are4#be ,"h we may well notice1 #a4 ,t x 0 n by accid5t1 t ! primitive *ur*es 7 made up ( su* elem5ts1 b ! result ( ! ,,div9e ,,*oice--an arrangem5t ( ,8 wise & graci\s ,provid5ce4 ,! inf]5ce is natural1 t ?is ord9ation 0 co-ext5sive ) ! triumphs ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 no?+ new or /range1 t ,jehovah _h conceal$ 8 glory f ! wise & prud5t1 & _h reveal$ x unto babes1 or t ! common p he>d him gladly1 :ile n _m wise m5 aft] ! fle%1 n _m mighty1 n _m noble1 _h be5 call$4 #b4 ,! description ( "*1 :i* ! apo/le records1 c\ld be adapt$ only to :at are reckon$ ! v dregs ( humanity4 ,! fooli% & ! weak1 ! base & ! contemptible1 9 ! e/imation ( worldly pride & wisdom--^! 7 !y ^: brok5 he>ts 7 rea*$1 & m\ld$1 & refre%$ by ! gospel2 ^! 7 !y :om ! apo/le took to 8 bosom z 8 own bre?r54 ,footnote #be3 #a ,cor4 i4 #bg1 #bh4 ,t slaves ab\nd$ at ,cor9?1 may easily be admitt$4 ,!y h a place 9 ! enum]ation ( elem5ts ( :i*1 accord+ to ! apo/le1 ! *ur* !re 0 compos$4 ,! mo/ rem>kable class f\nd !re1 consi/$ ( ,,?+s ,,:i* ,,are ,,n--m]e nobodies1 n admitt$ to ! privileges ( m51 b degrad$ to a level ) goods & *attels2 ( :om no acc\nt 0 made 9 su* arrangem5ts ( society z subs]v$ ! improvem5t1 & dignity1 & happ9ess ( ,,mank9d4 ,h[ accurately ! description applies to ^? :o are cru%$ "u ! *attel pr9ciple6 ,! ref]5ce :i* ! apo/le makes to ! deep pov]ty ( ! *ur*es ( ,mac$onia1#bf & ?is to /ir up ! sluggi% lib]ality ( 8 ,cor9?ian bre?r51 naturally leaves ! impression1 t ! latt] 7 by no means inf]ior to ! =m] 9 ! gifts ( ,provid5ce4 ,b1 press$ ) want & p9*$ by pov]ty z 7 ! believ]s 9 ,mac$onia & ,a*aia1 x pleas$ !m to make a c]ta9 contribution = ! poor sa9ts :i* 7 at ,j]usalem4#bg ,?us x appe>s1 t ,*ri/ians ev]y:]e 7 famili> ) contempt & indig5ce1 s mu* s1 t ! apo/le w\ld dissuade su* z _h no families f assum+ ! responsibilities ( ! conjugal relation6#bh ,footnote #bf3 #b ,cor4 viii4 #b4 ,footnote #bg3 ,rom4 xviii4 #ah-be4 ,footnote #bh3 ,cor4 vii4 #bf1 #bg4 ,n[1 h[ did ^! good p treat ea* o!r8 ,did ! few among !m1 :o 7 e/eem$ wise1 mighty1 or noble1 ex]t _! influ5ce & employ _! p[] 9 oppress+ ! weak1 9 dispos+ ( ! ?+s t are n1 z m>ketable commodities6--kneel+ ) !m 9 pray] 9 ! ev5+1 & putt+ !m up at auction ! next morn+6 ,did ! *ur* sell any ( ! memb]s to swell ! c]ta9 contribution = ! poor sa9ts at ,j]usalem6 ,f> o!r wise--z f> z possible6 ,9 ^? ,*ri/ian communities :]e ! influ5ce ( ! apo/les 0 mo/ p[]ful1 & :]e ! arrangem5ts drew =? _! highe/ comm5dations1 believ]s treat$ ea* o!r z bre?r51 9 ! /ronge/ s5se ( t sweet ^w4 ,s w>m 0 _! mutual love1 s /rong ! public _s1 s op5-h&$ & abundant ! g5]al lib]ality1 t !y are set =? z hav+ all ?+s common4#bi ,slaves & _! hold]s "h8 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r c\ld1 9 t relation to ea* o!r1 h brea!d su* an atmosph]e4 ,! appeal ( ! kneel+ bondman1 ,am ,i n a man & a bro!r1 mu/ "h h met ) a prompt & p[]ful response4 ,footnote #bi3 ,acts1 iv4 #cb4 ,! te/s by :i* our ,savior tries ! "* ( 8 pr(ess$ disciples1 %$ a /rong light ^u ! g5ius ( ! gospel4 ,9 "o connection1#cj an inquir] dem&s ( ! ,savior1 ,:at good ?+ %all ,i d t ,i may h et]nal life8 ,aft] be+ rem9d$ ( ! obligations :i* 8 social nature impos$ ^u him1 he v5tur$1 :ile claim+ to be free f guilt 9 8 relations to mank9d1 to dem&1 :at lack ,i yet8 ,! radical defici5cy "u :i* 8 "* labor$1 ! ,savior 0 n long or obscure 9 po9t+ out4 ,if ?\ wilt be p]fect1 g & sell t ?\ ha/ & give to ! poor1 & ?\ %all h treasure 9 heav52 & come & foll[ me4 ,on ?is passage x is natural to sugge/-- #a4 ,t we h "h a te/ ( univ]sal application4 ,! rectitude & b5evol5ce ( our ,savior's "* =bid u to suppose1 t he w\ld subject ?is inquir]1 especially z he 0 highly amiable1 to a trial1 :]e et]nal life 0 at /ake1 peculi>ly sev]e4 ,inde$1 ! te/ seems to h be5 only a fair exposition ( ! second great comm&1 & ( c\rse x mu/ be applicable to all :o are plac$ "u ! obligations ( t precept4 ,^? :o _c /& ?is te/1 z _! "* is radically imp]fect & uns\nd1 mu/1 ) ! inquir] to :om our ,"l appli$ x1 be pron\nc$ unfit = ! k+dom ( heav54 #b4 ,! lea/ t our ,savior c 9 t passage be und]/ood to dem& is1 t we dis9t]e/$ly & he>tily devote ourselves to ! welf>e ( mank9d1 ! poor especially4 ,we are to put ourselves on a level ) !m1 z we mu/ d 9 sell+ t we h = _! b5efit--9 o!r words1 9 employ+ our p[]s & res\rces to elevate _! "*1 condition1 & prospects4 ,?is our ,savior did2 & if we refuse to ent] into sympa?y & co-op]ation ) him1 h[ c we be 8 foll[]s8 ,apply ?is te/ to ! slavehold]4 ,in/ead ( sell+ t he ha? = ! b5efit ( ! poor1 he ,,buys ,,! ,,poor1 & exacts _! sweat ) /ripes1 to enable him to clo! himself 9 purple & f9e l951 & f>e sumptu\sly e day2 or1 ,,he ,,sells ,,! ,,poor to support ! gospel & conv]t ! hea!n6 ,footnote #cj3 ,luke1 xviii4 #ah-be4 ,:at1 9 describ+ ! sc5es ( ! f9al judgm5t1 does our ,savior tea* u8 ,by :at /&>d mu/ our "* be e/imat$1 & ! retributions ( et]nity be aw>d$8 ,a /&>d1 :i* bo? ! righte\s & ! wick$ w be surpris$ to see erect$4 ,f ! (fsc\r+ ( all ?+s1 ! meane/ specim5 ( humanity w be select$--a /rang] 9 ! h&s ( ! oppressor1 nak$1 hungry1 sickly2 & ?is /rang]1 plac$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! assembl$ univ]se1 by ! side ( ! sov]eign ,judge1 w be op5ly ackn[l$g$ z 8 repres5tative4 ,glory1 honor1 & immortality1 w be ! rew>d ( ^? :o _h recogniz$ & *e]$ _! ,"l ?r\gh 8 outrag$ poor4 ,& tribulation1 angui%1 & despair1 w seize on e s\l ( man :o _h neglect$ or despis$ !m4 ,b :om1 )9 ! limits ( our c\ntry1 are we to reg>d especially z ! repres5tatives ( our f9al ,judge8 ,e feature ( ! ,savior's picture f9ds its appropriate orig9al 9 our enslav$ c\ntrym54 #a4 ,!y are ! ,,lea/ ( 8 bre?r54 #b4 ,!y are subject to ?ir/ & hung]1 unable to comm& a cup ( wat] or a crumb ( bread4 #c4 ,!y are expos$ to wa/+ sickness1 )\t ! ability to procure a nurse or employ a physician4 #d4 ,!y are emphatically 9 prison1 re/ra9$ by *a9s1 goad$ ) :ips1 task$1 & "u keep]s4 ,n a wret* groans 9 any cell ( ! prisons ( our c\ntry1 :o is expos$ to a conf9em5t s vigor\s & he>tbreak+ z ! law all[s !irs to be cont9ually & p]man5tly4 #e4 ,& !n !y are emphatically1 & peculi>ly1 & exclusively1 ,,/rang]s--/rang]s 9 ! l& :i* gave !m bir?4 ,:om else d we con/ra9 to rema9 ali5s 9 ! mid/ ( our free in/itutions8 ,! ,wel*1 ! ,swiss1 ! ,iri%8 ,! ,jews ev58 ,alas1 x is ! negro only1 :o may n /rike 8 roots into our soil4 ,e :]e we h conspir$ to treat him z a /rang]--e :]e he is =c$ to feel himself a /rang]4 ,9 ! /age & /eamboat1 9 ! p>lor & at our tables1 9 ! sc5es ( bus9ess & 9 ! sc5es ( amusem5t--ev5 9 ! *ur* ( ,god & at ! communion table1 he is reg>d$ z a /rang]4 ,! intellig5t & religi\s are g5]ally disgu/$ & horror-/ruck at ! ?\ght ( 8 becom+ id5tifi$ ) ! citiz5s ( our republic--s mu* s1 t ?\s&s ( !m h ent]$ into a conspiracy to s5d him (f out ( sight1 to f9d a home on a =eign %ore6--& ju/ify !mselves by op5ly alleg+1 t a s+le drop ( 8 blood1 9 ! ve9s ( any human creature1 mu/ make him hateful to 8 fell[ citiz5s6--,t no?+ b bani%m5t f our coa/s1 c r$eem him f ! scorn & contempt to :i* 8 /rang] blood has r$uc$ him among 8 own "m's *ildr56 ,:o1 !n1 9 ?is l& ( milk & honey1 is hungry & a?ir/1 b ! man f :om ! law takes away ! la/ crumb ( bread & ! smalle/ drop ( wat]8 ,:o nak$1 b ! man :om ! law /rips ( ! la/ rag ( clo?+8 ,:o sick1 b ! man :om ! law deprives ( ! p[] ( procur+ m$ic9e or s5d+ = a physician8 ,:o 9 prison1 b ! man :o1 all 8 life1 is "u ! control ( m]ciless ma/]s & cruel keep]s6 ,:o a /rang]1 b ! man :o is scornfully d5i$ ! *eape/ c\rtesies ( life--:o is treat$ z an ali5 9 8 native c\ntry8 ,!re is "o po9t 9 ?is awful description :i* des]ves p>ticul> att5tion4 ,^? :o are doom$ to ! left h& ( ! ,judge1 are n *>g$ ) inflict+ positive injuries on _! helpless1 ne$y1 & oppress$ bro!r4 ,!irs 0 :at is (t5 call$ negative "*4 ,:at !y _h done is n describ$ 9 ! indictm5t4 ,_! neglect ( duty1 :at !y _h ,,n done1 0 ! gr\nd ( _! ev]la/+ puni%m5t4 ,! repres5tative ( _! ,judge1 !y _h se5 a hung]$ & !y gave him no meat1 ?ir/y & !y gave him no dr9k1 a /rang] & !y took him n 91 nak$ & !y clo!d him n1 sick & 9 prison & !y visit$ him n4 ,9 z mu* z !y did ,,n yield to ! claims ( suff]+ humanity--did ,,n ex]t !mselves to bless ! meane/ ( ! human family1 !y 7 driv5 away 9 _! wick$ness4 ,b :at if ! indictm5t _h run ?us3 ,i 0 a hung]$ & ye snat*$ away ! cru/ :i* might h sav$ me f />vation2 ,i 0 ?ir/y & ye da%$ to ! gr\nd ! cup ( cold wat]1 :i* might h moi/5$ my p>*$ lips2 ,i 0 a /rang] & ye drove me f ! hovel :i* might h %elt]$ me f ! pi]c+ w9d2 ,i 0 sick & ye sc\rg$ me to my task2 9 prison & y sold me = my jail-fees--to :at dep?s ( hell mu/ n ^? :o 7 convict$ "u su* *>ges be consign$6 ,& :at is ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican slav]y b "o long indictm5t1 describ+ "u ev]-v>y+ =ms & hues j su* injuries6 ,nor %\ld x be =gott51 t ^? :o incurr$ ! displeasure ( _! ,judge1 took f> o!r views ?an he1 ( _! own pa/ hi/ory4 ,! *>ges :i* he br\ght aga9/ !m1 !y he>d ) great surprise4 ,!y 7 sure t !y _h nev] ?us turn$ away f 8 necessities4 ,inde$1 :5 _h !y se5 him ?us subject to pov]ty1 insult1 & oppression8 ,nev]4 ,& z to t poor fri5dless creature1 :om !y left unpiti$ & unhelp$ 9 ! h&s ( ! oppressor1 & :om _! ,judge n[ pres5t$ z 8 own repres5tative1 !y nev] once suppos$1 t he _h any claims on _! compassion & assi/ance4 ,_h !y kn[n1 t he 0 de/9$ to s prom95t a place at ! f9al judgm5t1 !y w\ld h treat$ him z a human be+1 9 despite ( any social1 pecuni>y1 or political consid]ations4 ,b nei!r _! negative virtue nor _! volunt>y ignorance c\ld %ield !m f ! p5al fire :i* _! selfi%ness _h k9dl$4 ,n[ amid/ ! g5]al maxims1 ! lead+ pr9ciples1 ! great comm&m5ts ( ! gospel2 amid/ its compreh5sive descriptions & au?oriz$ te/s ( ,*ri/ian "*1 we %\ld take our position 9 dispos+ ( any p>ticul> allusions to su* =ms & usages ( ! primitive *ur*es z are support$ by div9e au?ority4 ,! latt] mu/ be int]pret$ & und]/ood 9 ! light ( ! =m]4 ,b h[ d ! apologi/s & def5d]s ( slav]y proce$8 ,plac+ !mselves amid/ ! arrangem5ts & usages :i* grew out ( ! corruptions ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y make ^! ! /&>d by :i* ! gospel is to be expla9$ & und]/ood6 ,"s ,record] or ,ju/ice4 )\t ! light ( inquiry or ! aid ( a jury1 consigns ! negro :om ! kidnapp] has dragg$ into 8 pres5ce to ! horrors ( slav]y4 ,z ! poor wret* %rieks & fa9ts1 ,humanity %udd]s & dem&s :y su* atrocities are endur$4 ,"s prie/ or ,levite1 pass+ by on ! o!r side1 q self-possess$ & all complac5t1 reads 9 reply f 8 broad phylact]y1 ,paul s5t back ,onesimus to ,philemon6 ,yes1 e*oes ! negro-hat+ mob1 made up ( g5tlem5 ( prop]ty & /&+ toge!r ) equally g5tle-m5 reek+ f ! gutt]2 ,yes--,paul s5t back ,onesimus to ,philemon6 ,& ,humanity1 br[-beat51 /unn$ ) noise & tumult1 is pu%$ aside by ! cr[d6 ,a fair specim5 ?is ( ! mann] 9 :i* mod]n usages are made to int]pret ! sacr$ ,scriptures8 ,( ! p>ticul> passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t on :i* ! apologi/s = slav]y especially rely1 ! epi/le to ,philemon fir/ dem&s our att5tion4 #a4 ,?is lett] 0 writt5 by ! apo/le ,paul :ile a prison] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ at ,rome4 #b4 ,philemon 0 a b5evol5t & tru/wor?y memb] ( ! *ur* at ,colosse1 at ^: h\se ! disciples ( ,*ri/ held _! assemblies1 & :o ow$ 8 conv]sion1 "u ,god1 directly or indirectly to ! m9i/ry ( ,paul4 #c4 ,onesimus 0 ! s]vant ( ,philemon2 "u a relation :i* x is difficult ) accuracy & c]ta9ty to def9e4 ,8 condition1 ?\gh s]vile1 c\ld n h be5 l t ( an ,am]ican slave2 z1 9 t case1 h[ev] he might h wrong$ ,philemon1 he c\ld n also h ow$ him ought4#ca ,! ,am]ican slave is1 accord+ to law1 z mu* ! prop]ty ( 8 ma/] z any o!r *attel2 & c no m owe 8 ma/] ?an c a %eep or a horse4 ,! basis ( all pecuni>y obligations lies 9 "s value receiv$4 ,h[ c an article ( m]*&ise /& on ?is basis & su/a9 comm]cial relations to its own]8 ,!re is no p]son to (f] or promise4 ,p]sonality is swall[$ up 9 ,am]ican slav]y6 #d4 ,h[ ,onesimus f\nd 8 way to ,rome x is n easy to det]m9e4 ,he & ,philemon appe> to h p>t$ f ea* o!r on ill t]ms4 ,! g5]al "* ( ,onesimus1 c]ta9ly1 9 8 relation to ,philemon1 _h be5 f> f attractive1 & he seems to h left him )\t repair+ ! wrongs he _h done him or pay+ ! debts :i* he ow$ him4 ,at ,rome1 by ! bless+ ( ,god ^u ! ex]tions ( ! apo/le1 he 0 br\ght to reflection & rep5tance4 #e4 ,9 review+ 8 hi/ory 9 ! light ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 he became pa9fully aw>e ( ! injuries he _h inflict$ on ,philemon4 ,he long$ = an opportunity = frank confession & full re/itution4 ,hav+1 h[ev]1 p>t$ ) ,philemon on ill t]ms1 he knew n h[ to appe> 9 8 pres5ce4 ,"u su* emb>rassm5ts1 he naturally s\ght sympa?y & advice ( ,paul4 ,8 influ5ce ^u ,philemon1 ,onesimus knew mu/ be p[]ful1 especially z an apo/le4 #f4 ,a lett] 9 behalf ( ,onesimus 0 !re=e writt5 by ! apo/le to ,philemon4 ,aft] su* salutations1 b5$ictions1 & ?anksgiv+ z ! good "* & useful life ( ,philemon naturally drew f ! he>t ( ,paul1 he proce$s to ! object ( ! lett]4 ,he admits t ,onesimus _h behav$ ill 9 ! s]vice ( ,philemon2 n 9 runn+ away1 = h[ !y _h p>t$ ) ea* o!r is n expla9$2 b 9 be+ unpr(itable & 9 refus+ to pay ! debts#cb :i* he _h contract$4 ,b 8 "* _h und]gone a radical *ange4 ,!nce=w>d fidelity & usefulness w\ld be 8 aim & m>k 8 c\rse4 ,& z to any pecuni>y obligations :i* he _h violat$1 ! apo/le au?oriz$ ,philemon to put !m on 8 acc\nt4#cc ,?us a way 0 fairly op5$ to ! he>t ( ,philemon4 ,& n[ :at does ! apo/les ask8 #g4 ,he asks t ,philemon w\ld receive ,onesimus1 ,h[8 ,n z a s]vant1 b above a s]vant4#cd ,h[ mu* above8 ,philemon 0 to receive him z a son ( ! apo/le--z a bro!r belov$--nay1 if he c\nt$ ,paul a p>tn]1 an equal1 he 0 to receive ,onesimus z he w\ld receive ! apo/le himself4#ce ,s mu* above a s]vant 0 he to receive him6 #h4 ,b 0 n ?is reque/ to be s int]pret$ & compli$ ) z to put ,onesimus 9 ! h&s ( ,philemon z an article ( m]*&ise1 ,,c>nally1 :ile x rais$ him to ! dignity ( a bro!r belov$1 ,,spiritually8 ,9 o!r words1 might n ,philemon consi/5tly ) ! reque/ ( ,paul h r$uc$ ,onesimus to a *attel1 z ,a ,,man1 :ile he admitt$ him frat]nally to 8 bosom1 z a ,,*ri/ian8 ,su* gibb]i% 9 an apo/olic epi/le6 ,nev]4 ,z if1 h[ev] to gu>d aga9/ su* folly1 ! natural product ( mi/ & moon%9e1 ! apo/le w\ld h ,onesimus rais$ above a s]vant to ! dignity ( a bro!r belov$1 ,,bo? ,,9 ,,! ,,fle% ,,& ,,9 ,,! ,,"l2#cf z a man & ,*ri/ian1 9 all ! relations1 circum/ances1 & responsibilities ( life4 ,footnote #ca3 ,philemon1 #ah4 ,footnote #cb3 ,v]se #aa1 #ah4 ,footnote #cc3 ,v]se #ah4 ,footnote #cd3 ,v]se #af4 ,footnote #ce3 ,v]se #aj1 #af1 #ag4 ,footnote #cf3 ,v]se #af4 ,x is easy n[ ) def9it5ess & c]ta9ty to det]m9e 9 :at s5se ! apo/le 9 su* connections uses ! ^w bro!r4 ,x describes a relation inconsi/5t ) & opposite to ! s]vile4 ,x is ,,n ! relation ( a ,,s]vant4 ,x elevates its subject above ! s]vile condition4 ,x raises him to full equality ) ! ma/]1 to ! same equality1 on :i* ,paul & ,philemon /ood side by side z bro!rs2 & ?is1 n 9 "s vague1 undef9$1 spiritual s5se1 affect+ ! s\l & leav+ ! body 9 bonds1 b 9 e way1 bo? 9 ! ,,fle% & 9 ! ,"l4 ,?is matt] des]ves p>ticul> & e>ne/ att5tion4 ,x %$s a /rong light on o!r lessons ( apo/olic in/ruction4 #i4 ,x is greatly to our purpose1 moreov]1 to obs]ve t ! apo/le cle>ly def9es ! moral "* ( 8 reque/4 ,x 0 fit1 prop]1 "r1 suit$ to ! nature & relation ( ?+s--a ?+ :i* ought to be done4#cg ,on ?is acc\nt1 he might h urg$ x ^u ,philemon 9 ! =m ( an injunction1 on apo/olic au?ority & ) great boldness4#ch ,! v nature ( ! reque/ made x obligatory on ,philemon4 ,he 0 sacr$ly b\nd1 out ( reg>d to ! fitness ( ?+s1 to admit ,onesimus to full equality ) himself--to treat him z a bro!r bo? 9 ! ,"l & z hav+ fle%--z a fell[ man4 ,?us 7 ! inali5able rights & bir?right privileges ( ,onesimus1 z a memb] ( ! human family1 def9$ & protect$ by apo/olic au?ority4 #aj4 ,! apo/le pref]r$ a reque/ in/ead ( impos+ a comm&1 on ! gr\nd ( ,,*>ity4#ci ,he w\ld give ,philemon an opportunity ( dis*>g+ 8 obligations "u ! impulse ( love4 ,to ?is impulse1 he 0 confid5t ,philemon w\ld promptly & fully yield4 ,h[ c\ld he d o!rwise8 ,! ?+ itself 0 "r4 ,! reque/ respect+ x came f a b5efactor1 to :om1 "u ,god1 he 0 "u ! highe/ obligations4#dj ,t b5efactor1 n[ an old man1 & 9 ! h&s ( p]secutors1 manife/$ a deep & t5d] int]e/ 9 ! matt] & _h ! /ronge/ p]suasion t ,philemon 0 m ready to grant ?an himself to entreat4 ,! result1 z he 0 soon to visit ,collosse1 & _h commission$ ,philemon to prep>e a lodg+ = him1 mu/ come "u ! eye ( ! apo/le4 ,! reque/ 0 s manife/ly reasonable & obligatory1 t ! apo/le1 aft] all1 describ$ a compliance ) x1 by ! /rong ^w ob$i5ce4#da ,footnote #cg3 ,v]se #h4 ,to ,greek3 anaekon4 ,see ,rob9son's ,new ,te/am5t ,lexicon2 x is fit1 prop]1 becom+1 x ought4 ,9 :at s5se ,k+ ,james' translators us$ ! ^w conv5i5t any "o may see :o w read ,rom4 i4 #bh & ,eph4 v4 #c1 #d4 ,footnote #ch3 ,v]se #h4 ,footnote #ci3 ,v]se #i--;,greek3 dia ta5 agapa5 ,footnote #dj3 ,v]se #ai4 ,footnote #da3 ,v]se #ba4 ,n[1 h[ mu/ all ?is h be5 und]/ood by ! *ur* at ,colosse8 --a *ur*1 d\btless1 made up ( su* mat]ials z ! *ur* at ,cor9?1 t is1 ( memb]s *iefly f ! humble/ walks ( life4 ,_m ( !m _h probably felt ! degradation & ta/$ ! bitt]ness ( ! s]vile condition4 ,w\ld !y h be5 likely to int]pret ! apo/le's lett] "u ! bias ( feel+s fri5dly to slav]y6--,& put ! slavehold]'s con/ruction on its cont5ts6 ,w\ld _! pa/ exp]i5ce or pres5t suff]+s--= d\btless "s ( !m 7 /ill "u ! yoke--h sugge/$ to _! ?\ghts su* glosses z "s ( our !ological pr(essors v5ture to put ^u ! words ( ! apo/le6 ,f> o!rwise4 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l 0 !re1 & ! epi/le 0 read 9 ! light ( lib]ty4 ,x conta9$ ! pr9ciples ( holy fre$om1 fai?fully & affectionately appli$4 ,?is mu/ h made x preci\s 9 ! eyes ( su* m5 ( l[ degree z 7 mo/ ( ! believ]s1 & welcome to a place 9 ! sacr$ canon4 ,!re let x rema9 z a lum9\s & p[]ful def5ce ( ! cause ( emancipation6 ,b :at sai? ,pr(essor ,/u>t8 ,if any "o d\bts1 let him take ! case ( ,paul's s5d+ ,onesimus back to ,philemon1 ) an apology = 8 runn+ away1 & s5d+ him back to be 8 s]vant = life4#db ,footnote #db3 ,see 8 lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 supra pp4 #g1 #h ,paul s5t back ,onesimus to ,philemon4 ,by :at process8 ,did ! apo/le1 a prison] at ,rome1 seize ^u ! fugitive1 & drag him be=e "s he>tless & p]fidi\s ,judge1 = au?ority to s5d him back to ,colosse8 ,did he hurry 8 victim away f ! pres5ce ( ! fat & supple magi/rate1 to be driv5 "u *a9s & ! la% to ! field ( unrequit$ toil1 :5ce he _h escap$8 ,_h ! apo/le be5 l "s tea*]s 9 ! ,am]ican *ur*es1 he might1 z a pr(essor ( sacr$ lit]ature 9 "o ( our sem9>ies1 or a prea*] ( ! gospel to ! ri* 9 "s ( our cities1 h cons5t$ ?us to subs]ve ! peculi> int]e/s ( a de> slavehold+ bro!r4 ,b ! v5]able *ampion ( tru? & fre$om 0 himself "u bonds 9 ! imp]ial city1 wait+ = ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom4 ,he wrote a lett] to ! *ur* a ,colosse1 :i* 0 accu/om$ to meet at ! h\se ( ,philemon1 & ano!r lett] to t magnanim\s disciple1 & s5t !m by ! h& ( ,onesimus4 ,s mu* = ! way 9 :i* ,onesimus 0 s5t back to 8 ma/]4 ,a slave escapes f a patri>* 9 ,georgia1 & seeks a refuge 9 ! p>i% ( ! ,connecticut doctor ( ,div9ity1 :o once gave public notice t he saw no reason = c>+ = ! s]vitude ( 8 fell[ m54#dc ,"u 8 influ5ce1 ,caes> becomes a ,*ri/ian conv]t4 ,burn+ ) love = ! son :om he ha? begott5 9 ! gospel1 our doctor resolves to s5d him back to 8 ma/]4 ,accord+ly1 he writes a lett]1 gives x to ,caes>1 & bids him return1 /aff 9 h&1 to ! corn]-/one ( our republican in/itutions4 ,n[1 :at w\ld my ,caes> d1 :o _h ev] felt a l9k ( slav]y's *a98 ,z he left 8 spiritual fa!r1 %\ld we be surpris$ to he> him say to himself1 ,:at1 return ( my own accord to ! man :o1 ) ! h& ( a robb]1 pluck$ me f my "m's bosom6--= :om ,i h be5 s (t5 dr5*$ 9 ! sweat ( unrequit$ toil6--^: viol5ce s (t5 cut my fle% & sc>r$ my limbs6--:o %ut out e ray ( light f my m9d6--:o laid claim to ^? honors to :i* my ,creator & ,r$eem] only are entitl$6 ,& = :at am ,i to return8 ,to be curs$1 & smitt51 & sold6 ,to be tempt$1 & torn1 & de/roy$6 ,i _c ?us ?r[ myself away--?us ru% ^u my own de/ruction4 ,footnote #dc3 ,:y %\ld ,i c>e8 ,:o ev] he>d ( ! volunt>y return ( a fugitive f ,am]ican oppression8 ,d y ?9k t ! doctor & 8 fri5ds c\ld p]suade "o to c>ry a lett] to ! patri>* f :om he _h escap$8 ,& mu/ we believe ?is ( ,onesimus8 ,paul s5t back ,onesimus to ,philemon4 ,on :at occasion8--,if1 writes ! apo/le1 he ha? wrong$ !e1 or owe? ! aught1 put t on my acc\nt4 ,alive to ! claims ( duty1 ,onesimus w\ld re/ore :atev] he _h tak5 away4 ,he w\ld hone/ly pay 8 debts4 ,?is resolution ! apo/le w>mly approv$4 ,he 0 ready1 at :atev] exp5se1 to help 8 "y disciple 9 c>ry+ x into full effect4 ,( ?is he assur$ ,philemon1 9 language ! mo/ explicit & emphatic4 ,"h we f9d "o reason = ! conduct ( ,paul 9 s5d+ ,onesimus to ,philemon4 ,if a fugitive slave ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,smylie1 ( ,mississippi1 %\ld return to him ) a lett] f a doctor ( div9ity 9 ,new ,york1 conta9+ su* an assurance1 h[ w\ld ! rev]5d slavehold] dispose ( x8 ,:at1 he exclaims1 h we "h8 ,if ,cato has n be5 upright 9 8 pecuni>y int]c\rse ) y--if he owes y any ?+--put t on my acc\nt4 ,:at ignorance ( s\!rn in/itutions6 ,:at mock]y1 to talk ( pecuni>y int]c\rse betwe5 a slave & 8 ma/]6 ,! slave himself1 ) all he is & has1 is an article ( m]*&ise4 ,:at c he owe 8 ma/]8 ,a ru/ic may lay a wag] ) 8 mule1 & give ! creature ! peck ( oats :i* he has p]mitt$ x to w94 ,b :o1 9 sob] e>ne/1 w\ld call ?is a pecuni>y transaction8 ,,to ,,be ,,8 ,,s]vant ,,= ,,life6 ,f :at "p ( ! epi/le c\ld ! expositor h evolv$ a ?\ght s soo?+ to tyrants--s revolt+ to e man :o loves 8 own nature8 ,f ?is8 ,= p]haps he !re=e dep>t$ = a season1 t ?\ %\ld/ receive him = ev]4 ,receive him h[8 ,z a s]vant1 exclaims our comm5tator4 ,b :at wrote ! apo/le8 ,,n n[ z a s]vant1 b above a s]vant1 a bro!r belov$1 especially to me1 b h[ mu* m unto !e1 bo? 9 ! fle% & 9 ! ,"l4 ,:o au?oriz$ ! pr(essor to b]eave ! ^w n ( its negative influ5ce8 ,accord+ to ,paul1 ,philemon 0 to receive ,onesimus n z a s]vant2--accord+ to ,/u>t1 he 0 to receive him z a s]vant6 ,if ! pr(essor w apply ! same rules ( exposition to ! writ+s ( ! abolitioni/s1 all diff]5ce betwe5 him & !m mu/ 9 8 view pres5tly vani% away4 ,! h>moniz+ process w\ld be equally simple & effectual4 ,he has only to und]/& !m z affirm+ :at !y d5y1 & z d5y+ :at !y affirm4 ,suppose t ,pr(essor ,/u>t _h a son resid+1 at ! ,s\?4 ,8 slave1 hav+ /ol5 money ( 8 ma/]1 effect$ 8 escape4 ,he fl$ to ,&ov]1 to f9d a refuge among ! sons ( ! prophets4 ,!re he f9ds 8 way to ,pr(essor ,/u>t's h\se1 & (f]s to r5d] any s]vice :i* ! pr(essor1 dang]\sly ill ( a typhus fev]1 might require4 ,he is soon f\nd to be a mo/ active1 skilful1 fai?ful nurse4 ,he sp>es no pa9s1 night & day1 to make himself useful to ! v5]able suff]]4 ,he anticipates e want4 ,9 ! mo/ delicate & t5d] mann]1 he tries to soo? e pa94 ,he fa/5s himself /rongly on ! he>t ( ! rev]5d object ( 8 c>e4 ,t\*$ ) ! heav5ly _s1 ! meek demeanor1 ! submissive frame1 :i* ! sick b$ exhibits1 ,ar*y becomes a ,*ri/ian4 ,a new bond n[ ties him & 8 convalesc5t tea*] toge!r4 ,z soon z he is able to write1 ! pr(essor s5ds ,ar*y ) ! foll[+ lett] to ! ,s\?1 to ,isaac ,/u>t1 ,esq43-- ,,my ,,de> ,,son1--,) a h& enfeebl$ by a di/ress+ & dang]\s illness1 f :i* ,i am sl[ly recov]+1 ,i address y on a subject :i* lies v ne> my he>t4 ,i h a reque/ to urge1 :i* our mutual relation to ea* o!r1 & y\r /rong obligations to me1 w1 ,i _c d\bt1 make y eag] fully to grant4 ,i say a reque/1 ?\gh ! ?+ ,i ask is1 9 its v nature & on ! pr9ciples ( ! gospel1 obligatory ^u y4 ,i might1 !re=e1 boldly dem&1 :at ,i e>ne/ly entreat4 ,b ,i "k h[ g5]\s1 magnanim\s1 & ,*ri/-l y are1 & h[ readily y w 'd ev5 m ?an ,i say'--,i1 y\r own fa!r1 an old man1 almo/ exhau/$ ) multipli$ ex]tions = ! b5efit ( my family & my c\ntry & n[ j ris+1 emaciat$ & brok51 f ! br9k ( ! grave4 ,i write 9 behalf ( ,ar*y1 :om ,i reg>d ) ! affection ( a fa!r1 & :om1 inde$1 ',i h =gott5 9 my sickness4' ,gladly w\ld ,i h reta9$ him1 to be an ,isaac to me2 = h[ (t5 did n 8 soo?+ voice1 & skilful h&1 & unwe>i$ att5tion to my wants rem9d me ( y6 ,b ,i *ose to give y an opportunity ( manife/+1 volunt>ily1 ! goodness ( y\r he>t2 z1 if ,i _h reta9$ him ) me1 y might seem to h be5 =c$ to grant :at y w gratefully be/[4 ,8 tempor>y abs5ce f y may h op5$ ! way = 8 p]man5t cont9uance ) y4 ,n n[ z a slave4 ,heav5 =bid6 ,b sup]ior to a slave4 ,sup]ior1 did ,i say8 ,take him to y\r bosom1 z a belov$ bro!r2 = ,i own him z a son1 & reg>d him z su*1 9 all ! relations ( life1 bo? z a man & a ,*ri/ian4 ',receive him z myself4' ,& t no?+ may h9d] y f comply+ ) my reque/ at once1 ,i h]eby promise1 )\t adv]t+ to y\r _m & great obligations to me1 to pay y e c5t :i* he took f y\r draw]4 ,any prep>ation :i* my com=t ) y may require1 y w make )\t mu* delay1 :5 y le>n1 t ,i int5d1 z soon z ,i %all be able 'to p]=m ! j\rney1' to make y a visit4 ,& :at if ,dr4 ,baxt]1 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ?is lett] %\ld publicly decl>e t ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 ( ,&ov] reg>d$ slavehold+ z lawful2 = t he _h s5t ,ar*y back to 8 son ,isaac1 ) an apology = 8 runn+ away to be held 9 p]petual slav]y8 ,) :at propriety might n ! pr(essor exclaim3 ,false1 e syllable false4 ,i s5t him back1 ,,n ,,to ,,be ,,held ,,z ,a ,,slave1 b recogniz$ z a de> bro!r1 9 all respects1 "u e relation1 civil & ecclesia/ical4 ,i bade my son receive ,ar*y z myself4 ,if ?is 0 n equival5t to a requisition to set him fully & mo/ honorably free1 & t1 too1 on ! gr\nd ( natural obligation & ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 !n ,i "k n h[ to frame su* a requisition4 ,i am well aw>e t my supposition is by no means /rong en\gh fully to illu/rate ! case to :i* x is appli$4 ,pr(essor ,/u>t lacks apo/olical au?ority4 ,isaac ,/u>t is n a lead+ memb] ( a *ur* consi/+1 z ! e>ly *ur*es *iefly consi/$1 ( :at ! _w reg>d z ! dregs ( society--! (fsc\r+ ( all ?+s4 ,nor 0 slav]y at ,colosse1 x seems1 support$ by su* b>b>\s usages1 su* horrid laws z disgrace ! ,s\?4 ,b x is "t to turn to ano!r passage :i*1 9 its be>+ on ! subject 9 h&1 is1 9 our view1 z well z 9 ! view ( ,dr4 ,fisk4 & ,pr(4 ,/u>t1 9 ! highe/ degree au?oritative & in/ructive4 ,let z _m s]vants z are "u ! yoke c\nt _! own ma/]s wor?y ( all honor1 t ! "n ( ,god & 8 doctr9es be n blasphem$4 ,& !y t h believ+ ma/]s1 let !m n despise !m because !y are bre?r52 b r d !m s]vice1 because !y are fai?ful & belov$1 p>tak]s ( ! b5efit4 #dd ,footnote #dd3 #a ,tim4 vi4 #a4 #b4 ,! foll[+ exposition ( ?is passage is f ! p5 ( ,,elizur ,,wright1 ,,jr43-- ,?is ^w ,greek3 antilambane/hai 9 our humble op9ion1 has be5 s unfairly us$ by ! comm5tators1 t we feel con/ra9$ to take its "p4 ,our excell5t translators1 9 r5d]+ ! clause 'p>tak]s ( ! b5efit1' evid5tly lo/ sight ( ! compon5t preposition1 :i* expresses ! opposition ( reciprocity1 r ?an ! connection ( p>ticipation4 ,!y h giv5 x exactly ! s5se ( ,greek3 metalambane91 7#b ,tim4 ii4 #f47 ,_h ! apo/le int5d$ su* a s5se1 he w\ld h us$ ! latt] v]b1 or "o ( ! m common words1 ,greek3 meto*oi1 ko9onomtes1 c4 7,see ,heb4 iii4 #a1 & #a ,tim4 v4 #bb1 :]e ! latt] ^w is us$ 9 ! clause1 'nei!r be p>tak] ( o!r m5's s9s4' ,_h ! v]b 9 our text be5 us$1 x might h be5 r5d]$1 'nei!r be ! "p-tak] ( o!r m5's s9s4'7 ,! prim>y s5se ( ,greek3 antilambans is to take 9 return--to take in/ead (1 c4 ,h5ce1 9 ! middle ) ! g5itive1 x signifies assi/1 or d "o's "p t[>ds ! p]son or ?+ express$ by t g5itive4 ,9 ?is s5se only is ! ^w us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1--7,see ,luke i4 #ed1 & ,acts1 xx4 #ce47 ,if ?is be true1 ! ^w ,greek3 emsgesai _c signify ! b5efit conf]r$ by ! gospel1 z our common v]sion w\ld make x1 b ! well do+ ( ! s]vants1 :o %\ld cont9ue to s]ve _! believ+ ma/]s1 :ile !y 7 no long] "u ! yoke ( compulsion4 ,?is ^w is us$ else:]e 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t b once 7,acts4 iv4 #c47 9 relation to ! 'good de$' done to ! impot5t man4 ,! pla9 import ( ! clause1 unmy/ifi$ by ! comm5tators1 is1 t believ+ ma/]s w\ld n fail to d _! "p t[>ds1 or enc\rage by suitable returns1 ! free s]vice ( ^? :o _h once be5 "u ! yoke4 #a4 ,! apo/le addresses himself "h to two classes ( s]vants1 ) in/ructions to ea* respectively appropriate4 ,bo? ! "o class & ! o!r1 9 ,pr(essor ,/u>t's eye1 7 slaves4 ,?is he assumes1 & ?us begs ! v "q 9 dispute4 ,! t]m s]vant is g5]ic1 z us$ by ! sacr$ writ]s4 ,x compreh5ds all ! v>i\s (fices :i* m5 dis*>ge = ! b5efit ( ea* o!r1 h[ev] honorable1 or h[ev] m5ial2 f t ( an apo/le#de op5+ ! pa? to heav51 to t ( wa%+ "o ano!r's feet4#df ,a g5]al t]m x is1 compreh5d+ e (fice :i* belongs to human relations & ,*ri/ian "*4#dg ,footnote #de3 ,cor4 iv4 #e4 ,footnote #df3 ,john1 xiii1 #ad4 ,footnote #dg3 ,mat1 xx1 #bf-bh4 ,a lead+ signification gives u ! manual labor]1 to :om1 9 ! division ( labor1 muscul> ex]tion 0 allott$4 ,z 9 8 ex]tions ! bodily p[]s are especially employ$--su* p[]s z belong to man 9 common ) m]e animals--8 sph]e has g5]ally be5 consid]$ l[ & humble4 ,& z intellectual p[] is sup]ior to bodily1 ! manual labor] has always be5 expos$ 9 v num]\s ways & 9 v>i\s degrees to oppression4 ,cunn+1 intrigue1 ! oily tongue1 h1 ?r\gh ext5d$ & p[]ful conspiracies1 br\ght ! res\rces ( society "u ! control ( ! few1 :o /ood alo( f 8 homely toil4 ,h5ce 8 dep5d5ce ^u !m4 ,h5ce ! multipli$ injuries :i* h fall5 s heavily ^u him4 ,h5ce ! r$uction ( 8 wages f "o degree to ano!r1 till at l5g?1 9 ! case ( millions1 fraud & viol5ce /rip him ( 8 all1 blot 8 "n f ! record ( mank9d1 &1 putt+ a yoke ^u 8 neck1 drive him away to toil among ! cattle4 ,"h y f9d ! slave4 ,to r$uce ! s]vant to 8 condition1 requires abuses altoge!r mon/r\s--injuries rea*+ ! v vitals ( man--/abs ^u ! v he>t ( humanity4 ,n[1 :at "r has ,pr(essor ,/u>t to make ! ^w s]vants1 compreh5d+1 ev5 z manual labor]s1 s _m & su* v>i\s mean+s1 signify slaves1 especially :]e diff]5t classes are conc]n$8 ,su* a "r he c\ld nev] h d]iv$ f humanity1 or philosophy1 or h]m5eutics4 ,x is 8 by sympa?y ) ! oppressor8 ,yes1 diff]5t classes4 ,?is is impli$ 9 ! t]m z _m1#dh :i* sets ap>t ! class n[ to be address$4 ,f ^! he proce$s to o!rs1 :o are introduc$ by a p>ticle1#di ^: natural mean+ indicates ! pres5ce ( ano!r & a diff]5t subject4 ,footnote #dh3 ,greek3 ,o*li ,see ,pass['s ,s*neid]4 ,footnote #di3 ,greek3 ,dd4 ,see ,pass[4 #b4 ,! fir/ class are describ$ z "u ! yoke--a yoke f :i* !y 71 accord+ to ! apo/le1 to make _! escape if possible4#ej ,if n1 !y mu/ 9 e way reg>d ! ma/] ) respect--b[+ to 8 au?ority1 work+ 8 w1 subs]v+ 8 int]e/s s f> z might be consi/5t ) ,*ri/ian "*4#ea ,& ?is1 to prev5t blasphemy--to prev5t ! pagan ma/] f heap+ pr(ane reproa*es ^u ! "n ( ,god & ! doctr9es ( ! gospel4 ,!y %\ld bew>e ( r\s+ 8 passions1 :i*1 z 8 helpless victims1 !y might be unable to allay or )/&4 ,footnote #ej3 ,see #a ,cor4 vii1 #ba--;,greek3 ,all' ei kai dunasai eleuphoros g5e/hai4 ,footnote #ea3 ,see #a ,cor4 vii1 #bc--;,greek3 ,mae g9e/he d\los an?roton4 ,b all ! s]vants :om ! apo/le address$ 7 n "u ! yoke#eb--;an in/rum5t appropriate to cattle & to slaves4 ,^! he di/+ui%es f ano!r class1 :o in/ead ( a yoke--! badge ( a slave--_h believ+ ma/]s4 ,to h a believ+ ma/]1 !n1 0 equival5t to fre$om f ! yoke4 ,^! s]vants 7 exhort$ n to despise _! ma/]s4 ,:at ne$ ( su* an exhortation1 if _! ma/]s _h be5 slavehold]s1 hold+ !m z prop]ty1 wield+ !m z m]e in/rum5ts1 dispos+ ( !m z articles ( m]*&ise4 ,b ?is 0 n consi/5t ) believ+4 ,fai?1 break+ e yoke1 unit$ ma/] & s]vants 9 ! bonds ( bro!rhood4 ,bre?r5 !y 71 jo9$ 9 a relation :i*1 exclud+ ! yoke1#ec plac$ !m side by side on ! gr\nd ( equality1 :]e1 ea* 9 8 appropriate sph]e1 !y might ex]t !mselves freely & usefully1 to ! mutual b5efit ( ea* o!r4 ,"h1 s]vants might ne$ to be caution$ aga9/ gett+ above _! appropriate bus9ess1 putt+ on airs1 despis+ _! ma/]s1 & ?us decl9+ or neglect+ _! s]vice4 #ed ,in/ead ( ?is1 !y %\ld be1 z emancipat$ slaves (t5 h be51 #ee models ( ent]prise1 fidelity1 activity1 & usefulness--especially z _! ma/]s 7 wor?y ( _! confid5ce & love1 _! help]s 9 ?is well-do+4 ,footnote #eb3 ,see ,lev4 xxvi4 #ac2 ,isa lviii4 #f1 #i4 ,footnote #ec3 ,supra p4 #dd4 ,footnote #ed3 ,see ,mat4 vi4 #bd4 ,footnote #ee3 ,^?1 = in/ance1 set free by t believ+ ma/] ,james ,g4 ,birney4 ,su*1 !n1 is ! relation betwe5 ^? :o1 9 ! view ( ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 7 ,*ri/ian ma/]s & ,*ri/ian slaves #ef--! relation ( bre?r51 :i*1 exclud+ ! yoke1 & ( c\rse conf]r+ fre$om1 plac$ !m side by side on ! common gr\nd ( mutual s]vice1 bo? reta9+1 = conv5i5ce sake1 ! "o :ile giv+ & ! o!r :ile receiv+ employm5t1 ! correlative "n1 z is usual 9 su* cases1 "u :i* !y _h be5 kn[n4 ,su* 0 ! in/ruction :i* ,timo?y 0 requir$1 z a ,*ri/ian m9i/]1 to give4 ,0 x fri5dly to slavehold+8 ,footnote #ef3 ,lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 supra1 p4 #g4 ,& on :at gr\nd1 accord+ to ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 did ^! ma/]s & ^! s]vants /& 9 _! relation to ea* o!r8 ,on t ( a p]fect religi\s equality4#eg ,9 all ! relations1 duties1 & privileges--9 all ! objects1 int]e/s1 & prospects1 :i* belong to ! prov9ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 s]vants 7 z free z _! ma/]4 ,! p[]s ( ! "o1 7 all[$ z wide a range & z free an ex]cise1 ) z w>m enc\ragem5ts1 z active aids1 & z high results1 z ! o!r4 ,"h1 ! relation ( a s]vant to 8 ma/] impos$ no re/rictions1 involv$ no emb>rassm5ts1 occasion$ no injury4 ,all ?is1 cle>ly & c]ta9ly1 is impli$ 9 p]fect religi\s equality1 :i* ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor accords to s]vants 9 relation to _! ma/]4 ,might ! ma/]1 !n1 9 ord] m fully to atta9 ! great ends = :i* he 0 creat$ & r$eem$1 freely ex]t himself to increase 8 acqua9tance ) 8 own p[]s1 & relations1 & res\rces--) 8 prospects1 opportunities1 & advantages8 ,s might 8 s]vants4 ,0 he at lib]ty to /udy to approve himself to ,god1 to submit to 8 w & b[ to 8 au?ority1 z ! sole /&>d ( affection & ex]tion8 ,s 7 !y4 ,0 he at lib]ty to sanctify ! ,sabba?1 & frequ5t ! solemn assembly8 ,s 7 !y4 ,0 he at lib]ty s to honor ! filial1 conjugal1 & pat]nal relations1 z to f9d 9 !m t spr+ ( activity & t s\rce ( enjoym5t1 :i* !y are capable ( yield+8 ,s 7 !y4 ,9 e dep>tm5t ( int]e/ & ex]tion1 !y might use _! capacities1 & wield _! p[]s1 & improve _! opportunities1 & employ _! res\rces1 z freely z he1 9 glorify+ ,god1 9 bless+ mank9d1 & 9 lay+ up imp]i%able treasures = !mselves6 ,give p]fect religi\s equality to ! ,am]ican slave1 & ! mo/ eag] abolitioni/ mu/ be satisfi$4 ,su* equality w\ld1 l ! brea? ( ! ,almighty1 dissolve ! la/ l9k ( ! *a9 ( s]vitude4 ,d>e ^? :o1 = ! b5efit ( slav]y1 h giv5 s wide & active a circulation to ! ,pittsburg pamphlet1 make ! exp]im5t8 ,footnote #eg3 ,pittsburg ,pamphlet1 p4 #i4 ,9 ! epi/le to ! ,colossians1 ! foll[+ passage des]ves e>ne/ att5tion3--,s]vants1 obey 9 all ?+s y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%2 n ) eye-s]vice1 z m5-pleas]s2 b 9 s+l5ess ( he>t1 fe>+ ,god3 & :atsoev] ye d1 d x he>tily1 z to ! ,"l1 & n unto m52 kn[+1 t ( ! ,"l ye %all receive ! rew>d ( ! inh]itance2 = ye s]ve ! ,"l ,*ri/4 ,b he t doe? wrong %all receive = ! wrong :i* he ha? done3 & !re is no respect ( p]sons4--,ma/]s1 give unto y\r s]vants t :i* is j & equal2 kn[+ t ye h a ,ma/] 9 heav54#eh ,footnote #eh3 ,col4 iii4 #bb to iv4 #a4 ,"h x is natural to rem>k-- #a4 ,t 9 ma9ta9+ ! relation1 :i* mutually unit$ !m1 bo? ma/]s & s]vants 7 to act 9 con=mity ) ! pr9ciples ( ! div9e gov]nm5t4 ,:atev] !y did1 s]vants 7 to d 9 he>ty ob$i5ce to ! ,"l1 by ^: au?ority !y 7 to be controll$ & by ^: h& !y 7 to be rew>d$4 ,to ! same ,"l1 & accord+ to ! same law1 0 ! ma/] to hold himself responsible4 ,bo? ! "o & ! o!r 7 ( c\rse equally at lib]ty & alike requir$ to /udy & apply ! /&>d1 by :i* !y 7 to be gov]n$ & judg$4 #b4 ,! basis ( ! gov]nm5t "u :i* !y ?us 7 plac$1 0 righte\sness--/rict1 /]n1 imp>tial4 ,no?+ "h ( bias or antipa?y4 ,bir?1 weal?1 /ation1--! du/ ( ! balance n s light6 ,bo? ma/] & s]vants 7 ha/5+ to a tribunal1 :]e no?+ ( respect ( p]sons c\ld be fe>$ or hop$ =4 ,!re ! wrong-do]1 :oev] he might be1 & :e!r f ! top or bottom ( society1 mu/ be dealt ) accord+ to 8 des]v+s4 #c4 ,"u ?is gov]nm5t1 s]vants 7 to be univ]sally & he>tily ob$i5t2 & bo? 9 ! pres5ce & abs5ce ( ! ma/]1 fai?fully to dis*>ge _! obligations4 ,! ma/] on 8 "p1 9 8 relations to ! s]vants1 0 to make ,,ju/ice ,,& ,,equality ! /&>d ( 8 conduct4 ,"u ! au?ority ( su* in/ructions1 slav]y falls disc\nt5anc$1 condemn$1 abhorr$4 ,x is flagrantly at w> ) ! gov]nm5t ( ,god1 consi/s 9 respect ( p]sons ! mo/ %ameless & outrage\s1 treads ju/ice & equality "u foot1 & 9 its natural t5d5cy & practical effects is no?+ else ?an a sy/em ( wrong-do+4 ,:at h !y to d ) ! j & ! equal :o 9 _! respect ( p]sons proce$ to su* a pit* z to treat "o bro!r z a ?+ because he is a s]vant1 & place him1 )\t ! lea/ reg>d to 8 welf>e "h1 or 8 prospects h]eaft]1 absolutely at ! disposal ( ano!r bro!r1 "u ! "n ( ma/]1 9 ! relation ( own] to prop]ty8 ,ju/ice & equality on ! "o h&1 & ! *attel pr9ciple on ! o!r1 are naturally subv]sive ( ea* o!r--pro( cle> & decisive t ! correlates1 ma/]s & s]vants1 _c "h be r5d]$ slaves & own]s1 )\t ! grosse/ absurdity & ! greate/ viol5ce4 ,s]vants1 be ob$i5t to !m t are y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%1 ) fe> & trembl+1 9 s+l5ess ( y\r he>t1 z unto ,*ri/2 n ) eye-s]vice1 z m5-pleas]s2 b z ! s]vants ( ,*ri/1 do+ ! w ( ,god f ! he>t2 ) good w do+ s]vice1 z to ! ,"l1 & n to m53 kn[+ t :atsoev] good ?+ any man doe?1 ! same %all he receive ( ! ,"l1 :e!r he be bond or free4 ,&1 ye ma/]s1 d ! same ?+s unto !m1 =be>+ ?reat5+3 kn[+ t y\r ,ma/] also is 9 heav52 nei!r is !re respect ( p]sons ) him4#ei ,footnote #ei3 ,ephesians1 vi4 #e-i4 ,)\t repeat+ "h :at has already be5 (f]$ 9 exposition ( k9dr$ passages1 x may be suffici5t to say3-- #a4 ,t ! relation ( ! s]vants "h address$1 to _! ma/]1 0 adapt$ to make him ! object ( _! he>t-felt atta*m5t4 ,o!rwise !y c\ld n h be5 requir$ to r5d] him an affectionate s]vice4 #b4 ,?is relation dem&$ a p]fect reciprocity ( b5efits4 ,x _h its s\l 9 good-w1 mutually *]i%$ & prop]ly express$4 ,h5ce ,,! ,,same ,,?+s1 ! same 9 pr9ciple1 ! same 9 sub/ance1 ! same 9 _! mutual be>+ ^u ! welf>e ( ! ma/] & ! s]vants1 0 to be r5d]$ back & =? by ! "o & ! o!r4 ,x 0 cle>ly ! relation ( mutual s]vice4 ,d we "h f9d ! *attel pr9ciple8 #c4 ,( c\rse1 ! s]vants might n be slack1 "t-s]v+1 unfai?ful4 ,( c\rse1 ! ma/] mu/ ,,=be> ,,?reat5+4 ,slav]y )\t ?reat5+6 ,impossible4 ,:]ev] ma9ta9$1 x is ( necessity a sy/em ( ?reat5+1 inject+ into ! bosom ( ! slave su* t]rors1 z nev] cease = a mom5t to haunt & torm5t him4 ,take f ! *attel pr9ciple ! support1 :i* x d]ives f ?reat5+1 & y annihilate x at once & =ev]4 #d4 ,?is relation 0 to be ma9ta9$ 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples ( ! div9e gov]nm5t1 :]e ,,respect ,,( ,,p]sons c\ld n be admitt$4 ,x 01 !re=e1 totally inconsi/5t )1 & submissive (1 ! *attel pr9ciple1 :i* 9 ,am]ican slav]y is develop$ 9 a sy/em ( respect ( p]sons1 equally gross & hurtful4 ,no ,abolitioni/1 h[ev] eag] & det]m9$ 9 8 opposition to slav]y1 c\ld ask = m ?an ^! precepts1 once obey$1 w\ld be sure to conf]4 ,! relation ( slav]y1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 is recogniz$ 9 ! precepts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z "o :i* may /ill exi/ )\t violat+ ! ,*ri/ian fai? or ! *ur*4#fj ,slav]y & ! *attel pr9ciple6 ,s our pr(essor ?9ks2 o!rwise 8 ref]5ce has no?+ to d ) ! subject--) ! slav]y :i* ! abolitioni/1 :om he d]ides1 /&s oppos$ to4 ,h[ gross & hurtful is ! mi/ake into :i* he all[s himself to fall4 ,! relation recogniz$ 9 ! precepts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t _h its basis & support 9 ju/ice & equality2 ! v opposite ( ! *attel pr9ciple2 a relation :i* may exi/ z long z ju/ice & equality rema91 & ?us escape ! de/ruction to :i*1 9 ! view ( ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 slav]y is doom$4 ,! description ( ,paul oblit]ates e feature ( ,am]ican slav]y1 rais+ ! s]vant to equality ) 8 ma/]1 & plac+ 8 rights "u ! protection ( ju/ice2 yet ! eye ( ,pr(essor ,/u>t c see no?+ 9 8 ma/] & s]vant b a slave & 8 own]4 ,) ?is relation he is s ?or\ghly possess$1 t1 l an evil angel1 x haunts him ev5 :5 he ent]s ! temple ( ju/ice6 ,footnote #fj3 ,lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 supra p4 #g4 ,x is rem>kable1 sai? ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 t !re is n ev5 an exhortation 9 ! writ+s ( ! apo/les to ma/]s to lib]ate _! slaves1 mu* less is x urg$ z an imp]ative & imm$iate duty4#fa ,x w\ld be rem>kable1 inde$1 if !y 7 *>geable ) a defect s great & gl>+4 ,& s !y h no?+ to say ^u ! subject8 ,t n ev5 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor has ! assurance to affirm4 ,he admits t ,,k9dness1 ,,m]cy1 ,,& ,,ju/ice1 7 enjo9$ ) a di/9ct ref]5ce to ! gov]nm5t ( ,god4#fb ,)\t respect ( p]sons1 !y 7 to be ,god-l 9 do+ ju/ice4 ,!y 7 to act ! "p ( k9d & m]ciful bre?r54 ,& :i!r w\ld ?is lead !m8 ,c\ld !y /op %ort ( re/or+ to e man 8 natural1 inali5able rights8--( do+ :at !y c\ld to r$ress ! wrongs1 soo? ! sorr[s1 improve ! "*1 & raise ! condition ( ! degrad$ & oppress$8 ,especially1 if oppress$ & degrad$ by any ag5cy ( !irs4 ,c\ld x be k9d1 m]ciful1 or j to keep ! *a9s ( slav]y on _! helpless1 un(f5d+ bro!r8 ,w\ld ?is be to honor ! ,gold5 ,rule1 or obey ! second great comm& ( _! ,ma/] 9 ,heav58 ,c\ld ! apo/les h subs]v$ ! cause ( fre$om m directly1 intelligibly1 & effectually1 ?an to enjo9 ! pr9ciples1 & s5tim5ts1 & habits1 9 :i* fre$om consi/s--con/itut+ its liv+ root & fruitful g]m6 ,footnote #fa3 ,pittsburg pamphlet1 p4 #i4 ,footnote #fb3 ,! same1 p4 #aj4 ,! ,pr9ceton pr(essor himself1 9 ! v pap] :i* ! ,s\? has s w>mly welcom$ & s l\dly applaud$ z a scriptural def5ce ( ! peculi> in/itution1 ma9ta9s1 t ! ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,! ,,gospel h ,,de/roy$ ,,slav]y ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,*ri/5dom#fc--,,t ,,*ri/ianity ,,has ,,aboli%$ ,,bo? ,,political ,,& ,,dome/ic ,,bondage ,,:]ev] ,,x ,,has ,,_h ,,free ,,scope--t x ,,enjo9s a fair comp5sation = labor2 insi/s on ! m5tal & intellectual improvem5t ( ,,all classes ( m52 condemns ,,all infractions ( m>ital or p>5tal rights2 requires1 9 %ort1 n only t ,,free ,,scope %\ld be all[$ to human improvem5t1 b t ,,all ,,suitable ,,means %\ld be employ$ = ! atta9m5t ( t end4#fd ,x is inde$ rem>kable1 t :ile nei!r ,*ri/ nor 8 apo/les ev] gave an exhortation to ma/]s to lib]ate _! slaves1 !y enjo9$ su* g5]al pr9ciples z h de/roy$ dome/ic slav]y ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,*ri/5dom2 t :ile ,*ri/ianity =be>s to urge emancipation z an imp]ative & imm$iate duty1 x ?r[s a b>ri]1 heav5 high1 ar\nd e dome/ic circle2 protects all ! rights ( ! husb& & ! fa!r2 gives e labor] a fair comp5sation2 & makes ! moral & intellectual improvem5t ( all classes1 ) free scope & all suitable means1 ! object ( its t5d] solicitude & high au?ority4 ,?is is n only rem>kable1 b inexplicable4 ,yes & no--hot & cold1 9 "o & ! same brea?6 ,& yet ^! ?+s /& prom95t 9 :at is reckon$ an acute1 +5i\s1 effective def5ce ( slav]y6 ,footnote #fc3 ,pittsburg pamphlet1 p4 #ah1 #ai4 ,footnote #fd3 ,! same1 p4 #ca4 ,9 8 lett] to ! ,cor9?ian *ur*1 ! apo/le ,paul furni%es ano!r lesson ( in/ruction1 expressive ( 8 views & feel+s on ! subject ( slav]y4 ,let e man abide 9 ! same call+ :]e9 he 0 call$4 ,art ?\ call$ be+ a s]vant8 c>e n = x2 b if ?\ maye/ be made free1 use x r4 ,= he t is call$ 9 ! ,"l1 be+ a s]vant1 is ! ,"l's freeman3 likewise also he t is call$1 be+ free1 is ,*ri/'s s]vant4 ,ye are b\ght ) a price2 be n ye ! s]vants ( m54 #fe ,footnote #fe3 #a ,cor4 vii4 #bj-bc4 ,9 expla9+ & apply+ ?is passage1 x is prop] to sugge/3 #a4 ,t x c\ld n h be5 ! object ( ! apo/le to b9d ! ,cor9?ian conv]ts to ! /ations & employm5ts 9 :i* ! gospel f\nd !m4 ,= he exhorts "s ( !m to escape1 if possible1 f _! pres5t condition4 ,9 ! s]vile /ate1 "u ! yoke1 !y ought n to rema9 unless impell$ by /]n necessity4 ,if ?\ can/ be free1 use x r4 ,if !y ought to pref] fre$om to bondage & to ex]t !mselves to escape f ! latt] = ! sake ( ! =m]1 c\ld _! ma/] consi/5tly ) ! claims & _s ( ! gospel h h9d]$ or disc\rag$ !m 9 s do+8 ,_! bro!r c\ld he be1 :o kept ! yoke ^u _! neck1 :i* ! apo/le w\ld h !m %ake (f if possible8 ,& _h su* ma/]s be5 memb]s ( ! ,cor9?ian *ur*1 :at inf]5ces mu/ !y h drawn f ?is exhortation to _! s]vants8 ,t ! apo/le reg>d$ slav]y z a ,*ri/ian in/itution8--or c\ld look complac5tly on any ef=ts to introduce or ma9ta9 x 9 ! *ur*8 ,c\ld !y h expect$ less f him ?an a /]n rebuke1 if !y refus$ to ex]t !mselves 9 ! cause ( fre$om8 #b4 ,b :ile !y 7 to use _! fre$om1 if !y c\ld obta9 x1 !y %\ld n1 ev5 on su* a subject1 give !mselves up to ceaseless anxiety4 ,! ,"l 0 no respect] ( p]sons4 ,!y ne$ n fe>1 t ! l[ e/ate1 to :i* !y _h be5 wick$ly r$uc$1 w\ld prev5t !m f enjoy+ ! gifts ( 8 h& or ! light ( 8 c\nt5ance4 ,he w\ld respect _! rights1 soo? _! sorr[s1 & p\r ^u _! he>ts1 & *]i% !re1 ! _s ( lib]ty4 ,= he t is call$ 9 ! ,"l1 be+ a s]vant1 is ! ,"l's freeman4 ,9 him1 !re=e1 %\ld !y *e]fully confide4 #c4 ,! apo/le1 h[ev]1 =bids !m s to acquiesce 9 ! s]vile relation1 z to act inconsi/5tly ) _! ,*ri/ian obligations4 ,to _! ,savior !y belong$4 ,by 8 blood !y _h be5 pur*as$4 ,x %\ld be _! great object1 !re=e1 to r5d] ,him a he>ty & effective s]vice4 ,!y %\ld p]mit no man1 :oev] he might be1 to ?ru/ 9 himself betwe5 !m & _! ,r$eem]4 ,ye are b\ght ) a price2 ,,be ,,n ,,ye ,,! ,,s]vants ,,( ,,m54 ,) 8 eye ^u ! passage j quot$ & expla9$1 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor ass]ts t ,paul repres5ts ?is relation--! relation ( slav]y--z ( comp>atively little acc\nt4#ff ,& ?is he applies--o!rwise x is no?+ to 8 purpose--to ,am]ican slav]y4 ,does he !n reg>d x z a small matt]1 a m]e trifle1 to be ?r[n "u ! slave-laws ( ?is republic1 grimly & fi]cely exclud+ _! victim f almo/ e means ( improvem5t1 & field ( usefulness1 & s\rce ( com=t2 & mak+ him1 body & sub/ance1 ) 8 wife & babes1 ! s]vant ( m58 ,c\ld su* a relation be acquiesc$ 9 consi/5tly ) ! in/ructions ( ! apo/le8 ,footnote #ff3 ,pittsburg pamphlet1 p4#aj4 ,to ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor we comm5d a practical trial ( ! be>+ ( ! passage 9 h& ^u ,am]ican slav]y4 ,8 reg>d = ! unity & prosp]ity ( ! ecclesia/ical organizations1 :i* 9 v>i\s =ms & "u diff]5t names1 unite ! s\!rn ) ! nor!rn *ur*es1 w make ! exp]im5t grateful to 8 feel+s4 ,let him1 !n1 z soon z 8 conv5i5ce w p]mit1 proce$ to ,georgia4 ,no religi\s tea*] #fg f any free ,/ate1 c be likely to receive s g5]al & s w>m a welcome !re4 ,to allay ! heat1 :i* ! doctr9es & movem5ts ( ! abolitioni/s h occasion$ 9 ! s\!rn m9d1 let him ) z mu* despat* z possible1 collect1 z he goes f place to place1 ma/]s & _! slaves4 ,n[ let all m51 :om x may conc]n1 see & own t slav]y is a ,*ri/ian in/itution6 ,) 8 ,bible 9 8 h& & 8 eye ^u ! passage 9 "q1 he addresses himself to ! task ( in/ruct+ ! slaves ar\nd him4 ,let n y\r he>ts1 my bre?r51 be ov]*>g$ ) sorr[1 or eat5 up ) anxiety4 ,y\r s]vile condition _c deprive y ( ! fa!rly reg>ds ( ,him :o is no respect] ( p]sons4 ,fre$om y ought1 inde$1 to pref]4 ,if y c escape f ! yoke1 ?r[ x (f4 ,9 ! mean "t rejoice t :]e ! ,_s ( ! ,"l is1 !re is lib]ty2 t ! gospel places slaves on a p]fect religi\s equality ) _! ma/]2 s t e ,*ri/ian is ! ,"l's freeman4 ,&1 = y\r enc\ragem5t1 rememb] t ,*ri/ianity has aboli%$ bo? political & dome/ic s]vitude :]ev] x has _h free scope4 ,x enjo9s a fair comp5sation = labor2 x insi/s on ! moral & intellectual improvem5t ( all classes ( m52 x condemns all infractions ( m>ital or p>5tal rights2 9 %ort x requires n only t free scope be all[$ to human improvem5t1 b t all suitable means %\ld be employ$ = ! atta9m5t ( t end4 #fh ,let y\r lives1 !n1 be honorable to y\r relations to y\r ,savior4 ,he b\ght y ) 8 own blood2 & is entitl$ to y\r w>me/ love & mo/ effective s]vice4 ,be n ye ! s]vants ( m54 ,let no human arrangem5ts prev5t y1 z citiz5s ( ! k+dom ( heav51 f mak+ ! mo/ ( y\r p[]s & opportunities4 ,w\ld su* an ef=t1 g5]ally & he>tily made1 allay excitem5t at ! ,s\?1 & qu5* ! flames ( discord1 e day ris+ high] & wax+ hott]1 9 almo/ e "p ( ! republic1 & cem5t ! ,union8 ,footnote #fg3 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,savage1 ( ,utica1 ,new ,york1 _h1 n v long ago1 a free conv]sation ) a g5tleman ( high /&+ 9 ! lit]>y & religi\s _w f a slavehold+ ,/ate1 :]e ! peculi> in/itution is *]i%$ ) great w>m? & ma9ta9$ ) iron rigor4 ,by him1 ,mr4 ,savage 0 assur$1 t ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor _h1 ?r\gh ! ,pittsburg pamphlet1 contribut$ mo/ p[]fully & effectually to br+ ! :ole ,s\? "u ! p]suasion1 t slavehold+ is 9 itself "r--a sy/em to :i* ! ,bible gives c\nt5ance & support4 ,9 an extract f an article 9 ! ,s\!rn ,*ri/ian ,s5t9el1 a new ,presbyt]ian pap] e/abli%$ 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & ins]t$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,j\rnal = ,m>* #ba1 #ahci1 we f9d ! foll[+ p>agraphs f ! p5 ( ,rev4 ,c4,w4 ,h[>d1 &1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,*e/]1 ably & freely endors$ by ! editor4 ,!re is sc>cely any div]sity ( s5tim5t at ! ,nor? ^u ?is subject4 ,! great mass ( ! p1 believ+ slav]y to be s9ful1 are cle>ly ( ! op9ion t1 z a sy/em1 x %\ld be aboli%$ ?r\gh\t ?is l& & ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,!y diff] z to ! "t & mode ( abolition4 ,! abolitioni/s consi/5tly argue1 t :atev] is s9ful %\ld be in/antly ab&on$4 ,! o!rs1 by a /range sort ( reason+ = ,*ri/ian m51 cont5d t ?\gh slav]y is s9ful1 yet x may be all[$ to exi/ until x %all he exp$i5t to aboli% x2 or1 if1 9 _m cases1 ?is reason+ might be translat$ into pla9 ,engli%1 ! s5se w\ld be1 bo? 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate1 slav]y1 ?\gh s9ful1 may be all[$ to exi/ until our int]e/ w suff] u to say t x mu/ be aboli%$4 ,?is is n sl&]2 x is simply a pla9 way ( /at+ a pla9 tru?4 ,x does seem ! evid5t duty ( e man to become an abolitioni/1 :o believes slav]y to be s9ful1 = ! ,bible all[s no tamp]+ ) s94 ,to ^! rem>ks1 !re are "s noble exceptions1 to be f\nd 9 bo? p>ties 9 ! *ur*4 ,! ,s\? owes a debt ( gratitude to ! ,biblical ,rep]tory1 = ! fe>less argum5t 9 behalf ( ! position1 t slav]y is n =bidd5 by ! ,bible4 ,! writ] ( t article is said1 )\t contradiction1 to be ,pr(essor ,hodge1 ( ,pr9ceton--,,8 ,,"n ,,ought ,,to ,,be ,,kn[n ,,& ,,rev]$ ,,among ,,y1 my bre?r51 = 9 a l& ( anti-slav]y m51 he is ! ,,only ,,"o :o has d>$ to v9dicate y\r "* f ! s]i\s *>ge ( liv+ 9 ! habitual transgression ( ,god's holy law4 ,footnote #fh3 ,pittsburg pamphlet1 p4 #ca4 ,x is1 affirms ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 on all h&s ackn[l$g$1 t1 at ! "t ( ! adv5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 slav]y 9 its wor/ =ms prevail$ ov] ! :ole _w4 ,! ,savior f\nd x ar\nd him ,,9 ,,judea4#fi ,to say t he f\nd x 9 ,judea1 is to speak ambigu\sly4 ,_m ?+s 7 to be f\nd 9 ,judea1 :i* nei!r belong$ to1 nor 7 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,jews4 ,x is n d5i$ t ! ,g5tiles1 :o resid$ among !m1 might h _h slaves2 b ( ! ,jews ?is is d5i$4 ,h[ c\ld ! pr(essor take t z grant$1 ! pro( ( :i* ent]$ vitally into ! argum5t & 0 ess5tial to ! s\ndness ( ! conclusions to :i* he w\ld conduct u8 ,h[ c\ld he take advantage ( an ambigu\s expression to conduct 8 confid+ read]s on to a position :i*1 if 8 own eyes 7 op51 he mu/ h kn[n !y c\ld n hold 9 ! light ( op5 day6 ,footnote #fi3 ,! same1 p4 #i ,we d n *>ge ! ,savior ) any want ( wisdom1 goodness1 or c\rage1#gj = refus+ to break d[n ! wall ( p>tition betwe5 ,jews & ,g5tiles be=e ! "t appo9t$4 ,:ile ?is b>ri] /ood1 he c\ld n1 consi/5tly ) ! plan ( r$emption1 imp>t in/ruction freely to ! ,g5tiles4 ,to "s ext5t1 & on extraord9>y occasions1 he might h done s4 ,b 8 bus9ess !n 0 ) ! lo/ %eep ( ! h\se ( ,israel4 #ga ,! propriety ( ?is arrangem5t is n ! matt] ( dispute betwe5 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor & ourselves4 ,footnote #gj3 ,pittsburg pamphlet1 p4 #aj4 ,footnote #ga3 ,matt4 xv4 #bd4 ,9 dispos+ ( ! "q :e!r ! ,jews held slaves dur+ our ,savior's inc>nation among !m1 ! foll[+ po9ts des]ve e>ne/ att5tion3-- #a4 ,slavehold+ is inconsi/5t ) ! ,mosaic economy4 ,= ! pro( ( ?is1 we w\ld ref] our read]s1 among o!r argum5ts m or less appropriate & p[]ful1 to ! tract already allud$ to4#gb ,9 all ! ext]nal relations & visible arrangem5ts ( life1 ! ,jews1 dur+ our ,savior's m9i/ry among !m1 seem to h be5 scrupul\sly obs]vant ( ! in/itutions & usages ( ! ,old ,disp5sation4 ,!y /ood f> alo( f :atev] 0 *>act]i/ic ( ,sam>itans & ,g5tiles4 ,f idolatry & slavehold+--^? tw9-vices :i* _h always s greatly prevail$ among ! hea!n--!y seem at l5g?1 z ! result ( a mo/ pa9ful discipl9e1 to h be5 effectually divorc$4 ,footnote #gb3 ,! ,bible aga9/ ,slav]y4 #b4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ,john ! ,bapti/2 ) m>k$ fidelity & great p[]1 act$ among ! ,jews ! "p ( a reprov]1 he f\nd no occasion to repeat & apply ! language ( 8 pr$ecessors1#gc 9 expos+ & rebuk+ idolatry & slavehold+4 ,c\ld he1 ! greate/ ( ! prophets1 h be5 less effectually ar\s$ by ! pres5ce ( ! yoke1 ?an 0 ,isaiah8--or less intrepid & decisive 9 expos+ & d5\nc+ ! s9 ( oppression "u its mo/ hateful & injuri\s =ms8 ,footnote #gc3 ,psalm lxxxii2 ,isa4 lviii4 #a-ab ,j]4 xxii4 #ac-af4 #c4 ,! ,savior 0 n backw>d 9 apply+ 8 own pr9ciples pla9ly & po9t$ly to su* =ms ( oppression z appe>$ among ! ,jews4 ,^! pr9ciples1 :5ev] !y h be5 freely act$ on1 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor admits1 h aboli%$ dome/ic bondage4 ,_h ?is prevail$ )9 ! sph]e ( our ,savior's m9i/ry1 he c\ld n1 consi/5tly ) 8 g5]al "*1 h fail$ to expose & condemn x4 ,! oppression ( ! p by lordly ecclesia/ics1 ( p>5ts by _! selfi% *ildr51 ( wid[s by _! gho/ly c\nsellors1 drew f 8 lips scor*+ rebukes & t]rible d5unciations4#gd ,h[1 !n1 mu/ he h felt & spoke 9 ! pres5ce ( su* tyranny1 if su* tyranny _h be5 )9 8 (ficial sph]e1 z %\ld h made wid[s1 by driv+ _! husb&s to "s fle%-m>ket1 & _! *ildr5 n orphans1 b cattle8 ,footnote #gd3 ,matt4 xxiii2 ,m>k1 vii4 #a-ac4 #d4 ,dome/ic slav]y 0 manife/ly inconsi/5t ) ! indu/ry1 :i*1 9 ! =m ( manual labor1 s g5]ally prevail$ among ! ,jews4 ,9 "o connection1 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 we are in=m$1 t1 com+ f ,a!ns to ,cor9?1 ,paul f\nd a c]ta9 ,jew1 nam$ ,aquila1 born 9 ,pontus1 lately come f ,italy1 ) 8 wife ,priscilla2 7because t ,claudius _h comm&$ all ,jews to dep>t f ,rome27 & came unto !m4 ,& because he 0 ( ! same craft1 he abode ) !m & wr\ght3 7= by _! occupation !y 7 t5t-mak]s47#ge ,?is passage has op5$ ! way = diff]5t comm5tators to ref] u to ! public s5tim5t & g5]al practice ( ! ,jews respect+ useful indu/ry & manual labor4 ,accord+ to ,lightfoot1 x 0 _! cu/om to br+ up _! *ildr5 to "s trade1 yea1 ?\gh !y gave !m le>n+ or e/ates4 ,accord+ to ,rabbi ,judah1 ,he t tea*es n 8 son a trade1 is z if he taught him to be a ?ief4#gf ,x 01 ,ku9oel affirms1 cu/om>y ev5 = ,jewi% tea*]s to unite labor 7opificium7 ) ! /udy ( ! law4 ,?is he confirms by ! highe/ ,rabb9ical au?ority4#gg ,he9ri*s quotes a ,rabbi z tea*+1 t no man %\ld by any means neglect to tra9 8 son to hone/ indu/ry4#gh ,accord+ly1 ! apo/le ,paul1 ?\gh br\ght up at ! feet ( ,gamaliel1 ! di/+ui%$ disciple ( a mo/ illu/ri\s tea*]1 practis$ ! art ( t5t-mak+4 ,8 own h&s m9i/]$ to 8 necessities2 & 8 example is s do+1 he comm5ds to 8 ,g5tile bre?r5 = _! imitation4#gi ,t ,zeb$ee1 ! fa!r ( ,john ! ,evangeli/1 _h weal?1 v>i\s h9ts 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t r5d] probable4#hj ,yet h[ d we f9d him & 8 sons1 :ile prosecut+ _! appropriate bus9ess8 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! hir$ s]vants1 9 ! %ip m5d+ _! nets4#ha ,footnote #ge3 ,acts1 xviii4 #a-c4 ,footnote #gf3 ,h5ry on ,acts1 xviii4 #a-c4 ,footnote #gg3 ,ku9oel on ,acts4 ,footnote #gh3 ,he9ri*s on ,acts4 ,footnote #gi3 ,acts1 xx4 #cd1 #ce2 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #aa4 ,footnote #hj3 ,see ,ku9oel's ,prolegom4 to ! ,gospel ( ,john4 ,footnote #ha3 ,m>k1 i4 #ai1 #bj4 ,slav]y among a p :o1 f ! highe/ to ! l[e/1 7 us$ to manual labor6 ,:at occasion = slav]y !re8 ,& h[ c\ld x be ma9ta9$8 ,no place c be f\nd = slav]y among a p g5]ally inur$ to useful indu/ry4 ,) su*1 especially if m5 ( le>n+1 weal?1 & /ation1 labor1 work+ ) _! h&s1 su* labor mu/ be honorable4 ,on ?is subject1 let ,jewi% maxims & ,jewi% habits be adopt$ at ! ,s\?1 & ! peculi> in/itution w\ld vani% l a gho/ at daybreak4 #e4 ,ano!r h9t1 "h des]v+ p>ticul> att5tion1 is furni%$ 9 ! allusions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t to ! l[e/ ca/s & mo/ s]vile employm5ts among ! ,jews4 ,) pr(ligates1 publicans 7 jo9$ z deprav$ & contemptible4 ,! outca/s ( society 7 describ$1 n z fit to h]d ) slaves1 b z des]v+ a place among ,sam>itans & publicans4 ,!y 7 hir$ s]vants1 :om ,zeb$ee employ$4 ,9 ! p>able ( ! prodigal son we h a weal?y ,jewi% family4 ,"h s]vants seem to h ab\nd$4 ,! prodigal1 bitt]ly bewail+ 8 wret*$ness & folly1 describ$ _! condition z greatly sup]ior to 8 own4 ,h[ happy ! *ange :i* %\ld place him by _! side8 ,8 remorse1 & %ame1 & p5it5ce made him will+ to embrace ! lot ( ! l[e/ ( !m all4 ,b ^!--:at 0 _! condition8 ,!y 7 ,,hir$ ,,s]vants4 ,make me z "o ( ?y hir$ s]vants4 ,su* he ref]s to z ! l[e/ m5ials kn[n 9 ,jewi% life4 ,lay su* h9ts z h n[ be5 sugge/$ toge!r2 let x be rememb]$1 t slav]y 0 inconsi/5t ) ! ,mosaic economy2 t ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 prep>+ ! way = ! ,messiah makes no ref]5ce to ! yoke :i*1 _h x be5 be=e him1 he w\ld1 l ,isaiah1 h condemn$2 t ! ,savior1 :ile he took ! "p ( ! poor & sympa?iz$ ) ! oppress$1 0 evid5tly sp>$ ! pa9 ( witness+ )9 ! sph]e ( 8 m9i/ry1 ! pres5ce1 ( ! *attel pr9ciple1 t x 0 ! habit ( ! ,jews1 :oev] !y might be1 high or l[1 ri* or poor1 le>n$ or rude1 to labor1 work+ ) _! h&s2 & t :]e ref]5ce 0 _h to ! mo/ m5ial employm5ts1 9 families1 !y 7 describ$ z c>ri$ on by hir$ s]vants2 & ! "q ( slav]y 9 ,judea1 s f> z ! se$ ( ,abraham 7 conc]n$1 is v easily dispos$ (4 ,) e phase & =m ( society among !m slav]y 0 inconsi/5t4 ,! position :i*1 9 ! article s (t5 ref]r$ to 9 ?is pap]1 ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor takes1 is suffici5tly rem>kable4 ,nor!rn abolitioni/s he saw 9 an e>ne/ /ruggle ) s\!rn slavehold]s4 ,! pres5t welf>e & future happ9ess ( myriads ( ! human family 7 at /ake 9 ?is conte/4 ,9 ! heat ( ! battle1 he ?r[s himself betwe5 ! bellig]5t p[]s4 ,he gives ! abolitioni/s to und]/&1 t !y are q mi/ak5 9 ! "* ( ! objections !y h set !mselves s op5ly & /]nly aga9/4 ,slavehold+ is n1 z !y suppose1 contr>y to ! law ( ,god4 ,x 0 witness$ by ! ,savior 9 its wor/ =ms#hb )\t extort+ f 8 laps a syllable ( rebuke4 ,! sacr$ writ]s did n condemn x4 #hc ,& :y %\ld !y8 ,by a def9ition#hd suffici5tly ambigu\s & slipp]y1 he und]takes to set =? a =m ( slav]y :i* he looks ^u z consi/5t ) ! law ( ,righte\sness4 ,f ?is def9ition he inf]s t ! abolitioni/s are greatly to blame = ma9ta9+ t ,am]ican slav]y is inh]5tly & ess5tially s9ful1 & = insi/+ t x ought at once to be aboli%$4 ,= ?is labor ( love ! slavehold+ ,s\? is w>mly grateful & applauds its rev]5d ally1 z if a v ,daniel _h come z _! advocate to judgm5t4#he ,footnote #hb3 ,pittsburg pamphlet1 p4 #i4 ,footnote #hc3 ,! same1 p4 #ac4 ,footnote #hd3 ,! same1 p4 #ab4 ,footnote #he3 ,supra1 p4 #eh4 ,a few que/ions1 briefly put1 may n "h be inappropriate4 #a4 ,0 ! =m ( slav]y :i* our pr(essor pron\nces innoc5t ! =m witness$ by our ,savior 9 ,judea8 ,t1 he w by no means admit4 ,! slav]y !re 01 he affirms1 ( ! wor/ k9d4 ,h[ !n does he acc\nt = ! alleg$ sil5ce ( ! ,savior8--a sil5ce cov]+ ! ess5ce & ! =m--! in/itution & its wor/ abuses8 #b4 ,is ! slavehold+1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 ,*ri/ianity ju/ifies1 ! same z t :i* ! abolitioni/s s e>ne/ly wi% to see aboli%$8 ,let u see4 ,*ri/ianity 9 support+ ,slav]y1 ,! ,am]ican sy/em = accord+ to ,pr(essor ,hodge1 support+ ,slav]y1 ,enjo9s a fair comp5sation = ,makes comp5sation labor impossible by r$uc+ ! labor] to a *attel4 ,x insi/s on ! moral & ,x /]nly =bids its intellectual improvem5t ( all victim to le>n to read classes ( m5 ev5 ! "n ( 8 ,creator & ,r$eem]4 ,x condemns all infractions ( ,x outlaws ! conjugal m>ital or p>5tal rights4 & p>5tal relations4 ,x requires t free scope ,x =bids any ef=t1 on %\ld be all[$ to human ! "p ( myriads ( ! improvem5t4 human family1 to improve _! "*1 condition1 & prospects4 ,x requires t all suitable ,x inflicts heavy means %\ld be employ$ to improve p5alties = tea*+ mank9d lett]s to ! poore/ ( ! poor4 ,:]ev] x has _h free scope1 ,:]ev] x has free x has aboli%$ dome/ic bondage4 scope1 x p]petuates dome/ic bondage4 ,n[ x is slav]y accord+ to ! ,am]ican sy/em t ! abolitioni/s are set aga9/4 ,( ! exi/5ce ( any su* =m ( slav]y z is consi/5t ) ,pr(essor ,hodge's acc\nt ( ! requisitions ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y "k no?+4 ,x has nev] met _! notice1 & ( c\rse1 has nev] r\s$ _! feel+s or call$ =? _! ex]tions4 ,:at1 !n1 h !y to d ) ! c5sures & reproa*es :i* ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor deals ar\nd8 ,let ^? :o h leisure & good nature protect ! man ( /raw he is s hot aga9/4 ,! abolitioni/s h o!r bus9ess4 ,x is n ! figm5t ( "s sickly bra92 b t sy/em ( oppression :i* 9 !ory is corrupt+1 & 9 practice de/roy+ bo? ,*ur* & ,/ate2--x is ?is t !y feel pl$g$ to d battle ^u1 till by ! j judgm5t ( ,almighty ,god x is ?r[n1 dead & damn$1 into ! bottomless abyss4 #c4 ,h[ c ! ,s\? feel itself protect$ by any %ield :i* may be ?r[n ov] ,,su* ,,slav]y1 z may be consi/5t ) :at ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor describes z ! requisitions ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,is ?is ,,! slav]y :i* _! laws describe1 & _! h&s ma9ta98 ,fair comp5sation = labor--m>ital & p>5tal rights--free scope & all suitable means = ! improvem5t1 moral & intellectual1 ( all classes ( m52--are ^!1 accord+ to ! /atutes ( ! ,s\?1 among ! objects ( slavehold+ legislation8 ,e body kn[s t any su* requisitions & ,am]ican slav]y are flatly oppos$ to & directly subv]sive ( ea* o!r4 ,:at s]vice1 !n1 has ! ,pr9ceton pr(essor1 ) all 8 +5uity & all 8 zeal1 r5d]$ ! peculi> in/itution8 ,_! gratitude mu/ be ( a /amp & complexion q peculi>1 if !y c ?ank him = ?r[+ _! dome/ic sy/em "u ! weight ( su* ,*ri/ian requisitions z mu/ at once cru% its snaky head & gr9d x to p[d]4 ,& :at1 moreov]1 is ! be>+ ( ! ,*ri/ian requisitions1 :i* ,pr(essor ,hodge quotes1 ^u ! def9ition ( slav]y :i* he has elaborat$8 ,all ! ideas :i* necess>ily ent] into ! def9ition ( slav]y are1 deprivation ( p]sonal lib]ty1 obligation ( s]vice at ! discretion ( ano!r1 & ! transf]able "* ( ! au?ority & claim ( s]vice ( ! ma/]4#hf ,footnote #hf3 ,pittsburg pamphlet p4 #ab4 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,hodge's ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,hodge's acc\nt ( ! def9ition ( ,slav]y1 requisitions ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,! spr+ ( ef=t 9 ! ,! labor] mu/ s]ve at ! labor] is a fair comp5sation4 discretion ( ano!r4 ,free scope mu/ be giv5 = ,he is depriv$ ( p]sonal 8 moral & intellectual lib]ty--! necess>y condition1 improvem5t4 & liv+ s\l ( improvem5t1 )\t :i* he has no control ( ei!r intellect or morals4 ,8 rights z a husb& & ,! au?ority & claims ( ! a fa!r are to be protect$4 ma/] may ?r[ an ocean betwe5 him & 8 family1 & sep>ate !m f ea* o!r's pres5ce at any mom5t & =ev]4 ,*ri/ianity1 !n1 requires su* slav]y z ,pr(essor ,hodge s cunn+ly def9es1 to be aboli%$4 ,x 0 well provid$ = ! peace ( ! respective p>ties1 t he plac$ 8 def9ition s f> f ! requisitions ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,_h he br\ght !m into ea* o!r's pres5ce1 _! natural & inv9cible antipa?y to ea* o!r w\ld h brok5 out into op5 & ext]m9at+ w>f>e4 ,b :y %\ld we delay long] ^u an argum5t :i* is bas$ on gross & mon/r\s sophi/ry8 ,x c mislead only su* z wi% to be misl$4 ,! lov]s ( sunlight are 9 little dang] ( ru%+ into ! pr(essor's dungeon4 ,^? :o1 hav+ some?+ to conceal1 covet d>kness1 c f9d x !re1 to _! he>t's cont5t4 ,! h\r _c be f> away1 :5 upright & reflective m9ds at ! ,s\? w be a/oni%$ at ! bl9dness :i* c\ld welcome su* protection z ! ,pr9ceton argum5t (f]s to ! slavehold]4 ,b ,pr(essor ,/u>t mu/ n be =gott54 ,9 8 celebrat$ lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 he affirms t ,paul did n expect slav]y to be ou/$ 9 a day4#hg ,did n ,,expect6 ,:at !n6 ,are ! requisitions ( ,*ri/ianity adapt$ to any ,,expectations :i* 9 any qu>t] & on any gr\nd might h ris5 to human consci\sness8 ,& are we to int]pret ! precepts ( ! gospel by ! expectations ( ,paul8 ,! ,savior comm&$ all m5 e :]e to rep5t1 & ?is1 ?\gh ,paul did n expect t human wick$ness1 9 its t5 ?\s& =ms w\ld 9 any community be ou/$ 9 a day4 ,expectations are "o ?+2 requisitions q ano!r4 ,footnote #hg3 ,supra1 p4 #g4 ,9 ! mean "t1 :ile expectation wait$1 ,paul1 ! pr(essor adds1 gave precepts to ,*ri/ians respect+ _! demeanor4 ,t he did4 ,( :at "* 7 ^! precepts8 ,mu/ !y n h be5 9 h>mony ) ! ,gold5 ,rule8 ,b ?is1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 decides aga9/ ! righte\sness ( slav]y ev5 z a !ory4 ,accord+ly1 ,*ri/ians 7 requir$1 )\t respect ( p]sons1 to d ea* o!r ju/ice--to ma9ta9 equality z common gr\nd = all to /& ^u--to *]i% & express 9 all _! int]c\rse t t5d] love & dis9t]e/$ *>ity :i* "o bro!r naturally feels = ano!r4 ,^! 7 ! ad int]im precepts4#hh :i* _c fail1 if obey$1 to cut up slav]y1 root & bran*1 at once & =ev]4 ,footnote #hh3 ,lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 p4 #g4 ,pr(essor ,/u>t com=ts u ) ! assurance t ,*ri/ianity w ultimately c]ta9ly de/roy slav]y4 ,( ?is we h n ! feeble/ d\bt4 ,b h[ c\ld he admit a p]suasion & utt] a pr$iction s mu* at w> ) ! doctr9e he ma9ta9s1 t slav]y may exi/ )\t ,,violat+ ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,fai? ,,or ,,! ,,*ur*8#hi ,:at1 ,*ri/ianity b5t on ! de/ruction ( an anci5t & *]i%$ in/itution :i* hurts nei!r h] "* nor condition8#ij ,:y n correct its abuses & purify its _s2 & %$d+ ^u x h] own beauty1 pres]ve x1 z a liv+ trophy ( h] re=matory p[]8 ,:5ce ! discov]y t1 9 h] onw>d progress1 %e w\ld trample d[n & de/roy :at 0 no way hurtful to h]8 ,?is is to be aggressive ) a witness4 ,f> be x f ! ,judge ( all ! e>? to :elm ! innoc5t & guilty 9 ! same de/ruction6 ,9 aid ( ,pr(essor ,/u>t1 9 ! rude & sc>cely cov]t attack :i* he makes ^u himself1 we ma9ta9 t ,*ri/ianity w c]ta9ly de/roy slav]y on acc\nt ( its inh]5t wick$ness--its malignant temp]--its deadly effects--its con/itutional1 insol5t1 & unmitigable opposition to ! au?ority ( ,god & ! welf>e ( man4 ,footnote #hi3 ,lett] to ,dr4 ,fisk1 p4 #g4 ,footnote #ij3 ,pr(essor ,/u>t applies "h ! words1 salva fide et salva ecclesia4 ,*ri/ianity w ultimately de/roy slav]y4 ,,ultimately6 ,:at meane? t port5t\s ^w8 ,to :at limit ( remote/ "t1 conceal$ 9 ! d>kness ( futurity1 may x look8 ,tell u1 ,o wat*man1 on ! hill ( ,&ov]4 ,almo/ n9ete5 c5turies h roll$ ov] ?is _w ( wrong & outrage--& yet we tremble 9 ! pres5ce ( a =m ( slav]y ^: brea? is poison1 ^: fang is dea?6 ,if any "o ( ! incid5ts ( slav]y %\ld fall1 b = a s+le day1 ^u ! head ( ! prophet1 :o dipp$ 8 p5 9 su* cold blood1 to write t ^w ultimately1 h[1 "u ! suff]+s ( ! fir/ t$i\s h\r1 w\ld he break out 9 ! lam5table cry1 ,h[ long1 ,o ,"l1 ,,h[ ,,long6 ,9 ! agony ( behold+ a wife or daught] ^u ! table ( ! auctione]1 :ile e bid fell ^u 8 he>t l ! groan ( despair1 small com=t w\ld he f9d 9 ! dull assurance ( "s he>tless prophet1 q at ease 9 ,zion1 t ,,ultimately ,*ri/ianity w\ld de/roy slav]y4 ,z ! hamm] falls1 & ! belov$ ( 8 s\l1 all helpless & mo/ wret*$1 is borne away to ! haunts ( legaliz$ debau*]y1 8 he>ts turns to /one1 :ile ! cry dies ^u 8 lips1 ,h[ ,,long1 ,o ,"l1 ,,h[ ,,long6 ,ultimately6 ,9 :at circum/ances does ,pr(essor ,/u>t assure himself t ,*ri/ianity w de/roy slav]y8 ,are we1 z ,am]ican citiz5s1 "u ! sceptre ( a ,n]o8 ,:51 z integral p>ts ( ?is republic--z liv+ memb]s ( ?is community1 did we =feit ! pr]ogatives ( freem58 ,h we n ! "r to speak & act z wield+ ! p[]s :i* ! privileges ( self-gov]nm5t has put 9 our possession8 ,& )\t ask+ leave ( prie/ or /atesman ( ! ,nor? or ! ,s\?1 may we n make ! mo/ ( ! fre$om :i* we enjoy "u ! gu>anty ( ! ord9ances ( ,heav5 & ! ,con/itution ( our c\ntry6 ,c we expect to see ,*ri/ianity on high] vantage-gr\nd ?an 9 ?is c\ntry %e /&s ^u8 ,9 ! mid/ ( a republic bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( ! equality ( mank9d1 :]e e ,*ri/ian1 z vitally connect$ ) ! /ate1 freely wields ! highe/ political rights & enjoys ! ri*e/ political privileges2 :]e ! unanim\s dem& ( "o-half ( ! memb]s ( ! *ur*es w\ld be promptly met 9 ! abolition ( slav]y1 :at ultimately mu/ ,*ri/ianity "h wait = be=e %e cru%es ! *attel pr9ciple b5ea? h] heel8 ,h] triumph ov] slav]y is ret>d$ by no?+ b ! corruption & defection s widely spread ?r\gh ! sacram5tal ho/ b5ea? h] bann]s6 ,let h] voice be he>d & h] en]gies ex]t$1 & ! ultimately ( ! d>k _s ( slav]y w\ld at once give place to ! imm$iately ( ! ,av5g] ( ! ,poor4 ,no4 #ab4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,disunion4 ,,address ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society ,,& ,f4 ,,jackson',s ,,lett] ,,on ,,! ,,pro-,,slav]y ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,con/itution ,,new ,,york3 ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society4 #adb ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahde4 ,,bo/on3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,david ,h4 ,,ela1 ,,no4 #cg1 ,,cornhill4 ,,address ,,( ,,! ,,executive ,,committee ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society ,,to ,fri5ds ( ,fre$om & ,emancipation 9 ! ,u4 ,/ates4 ,at ! ,t5? ,anniv]s>y ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 held 9 ! city ( ,new-,york1 ,may #g?1 #ahdd1--;aft] grave delib]ation1 & a long & e>ne/ discussion1--x 0 decid$1 by a vote ( ne>ly ?ree to "o ( ! memb]s pres5t1 t fidelity to ! cause ( human fre$om1 hatr$ ( oppression1 sympa?y = ^? :o are held 9 *a9s & slav]y 9 ?is republic1 & allegiance to ,god1 require t ! exi/+ national compact %\ld be in/antly dissolv$2 t secession f ! gov]nm5t is a religi\s & political duty2 t ! motto inscrib$ on ! bann] ( ,fre$om %\ld be1 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s2 t x is impracticable = tyrants & ! enemies ( tyranny to coalesce & legislate toge!r = ! pres]vation ( human rights1 or ! promotion ( ! int]e/s ( ,lib]ty2 & t revolution>y gr\nd %\ld be occupi$ by all ^? :o abhor ! ?\ght ( do+ evil t good may come1 & :o d n mean to compromise ! pr9ciples ( ,ju/ice & ,humanity4 ,a decision involv+ su* mom5t\s consequ5ces1 s well calculat$ to />tle ! public m9d1 s ho/ile to ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s1 dem&s ( u1 z ! (ficial repres5tatives ( ! ,am]ican ,society1 a /atem5t ( ! reasons :i* l$ to x4 ,?is is due n only to ! ,society1 b also to ! c\ntry & ! _w4 ,x is decl>$ by ! ,am]ican p to be a self-evid5t tru?1 t all m5 are creat$ equal2 t !y are end[$ ,,by ,,_! ,,creator ) c]ta9 inali5able rights2 t among ^! are life1 ,,lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess4 ,x is fur!r ma9ta9$ by !m1 t all gov]nm5ts d]ive _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$2 t :5ev] any =m ( gov]nm5t becomes de/ructive ( human rights1 x is ! "r ( ! p to alt] or to aboli% x1 & in/itute a new gov]nm5t1 lay+ its f\ndation on su* pr9ciples1 & organiz+ its p[]s 9 su* =m1 z to !m %all seem mo/ likely to effect _! safety & happ9ess4 ,^! doctr9es ! patriots ( #aggf seal$ ) _! blood4 ,!y w\ld n brook ev5 ! m5ace ( oppression4 ,!y held t !re %\ld be no delay 9 resi/+1 at :atev] co/ or p]il1 ! fir/ encroa*m5ts ( p[] on _! lib]ties4 ,appeal+ to ! great ,rul] ( ! univ]se = ! rectitude ( _! c\rse1 !y pl$g$ to ea* o!r _! lives1 _! =tunes & _! sacr$ honor1 to conqu] or p]i% 9 _! /ruggle to be free4 ,= ! example :i* !y set to all p subject$ to a despotic sway1 & ! sacrifices :i* !y made1 _! desc5dants *]i% _! memories ) gratitude1 rev]5ce _! virtues1 honor _! de$s1 & glory 9 _! triumphs4 ,x is n necess>y1 !re=e1 = u to prove t a /ate ( slav]y is incompatible ) ! dictates ( reason & humanity2 or t x is lawful to ?r[ (f a gov]nm5t :i* is at w> ) ! sacr$ rights ( mank9d4 ,we reg>d ?is z inde$ a solemn crisis1 :i* requires ( e man sobriety ( ?\ght1 prophetic =eca/1 indep5d5t judgm5t1 inv9cible det]m9ation1 & a s\nd he>t4 ,a revolution>y /ep is "o t %\ld n be tak5 ha/ily1 nor foll[$ "u ! influ5ce ( impulsive imitation4 ,to "k :at _s !y are (--:e!r !y h c\nt$ ! co/ ( ! w>f>e--:at are ! pr9ciples !y advocate--& h[ !y are to a*ieve _! object--is ! fir/ duty ( revolutioni/s4 ,b1 :ile circumspection & prud5ce are excell5t qualities 9 e great em]g5cy1 !y become ! allies ( tyranny :5ev] !y re/ra9 prompt1 bold & decisive action aga9/ x4 ,we *>ge ^u ! pres5t national compact1 t x 0 =m$ at ! exp5se ( human lib]ty1 by a pr(ligate surr5d] ( pr9ciple1 & to ?is h\r is cem5t$ ) human blood4 ,we *>ge ^u ! ,am]ican ,con/itution1 t x conta9s provisions1 & enjo9s duties1 :i* make x unlawful = freem5 to take ! oa? ( allegiance to x1 because !y are expressly design$ to favor a slavehold+ olig>*y1 &1 consequ5tly1 to make "o portion ( ! p a prey to ano!r4 ,we *>ge ^u ! exi/+ national gov]nm5t1 t x is an insupportable despotism1 wield$ by a p[] :i* is sup]ior to all legal & con/itutional re/ra9ts--equally indispos$ & unable to protect ! lives or lib]ties ( ! p--! prop & safegu>d ( ,am]ican slav]y4 ,^! *>ges we proce$ briefly to e/abli%3 ,i4 ,x is admitt$ by all m5 ( intellig5ce1--or if x be d5i$ 9 any qu>t]1 ! records ( our national hi/ory settle ! "q beyond d\bt1--t ! ,am]ican ,union 0 effect$ by a guilty compromise betwe5 ! free & slavehold+ ,/ates2 9 o!r words1 by immolat+ ! color$ population on ! alt> ( slav]y1 by depriv+ ! ,nor? ( equal rights & privileges1 & by incorporat+ ! slave sy/em into ! gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! expressive & p]t95t language ( scripture1 x 0 a cov5ant ) dea?1 & an agreem5t ) hell--null & void be=e ,god1 f ! fir/ h\r ( its inception--! fram]s ( :i* 7 recreant to duty1 & ! support]s ( :i* are equally guilty4 ,x 0 plead$ at ! "t ( ! adoption1 x is plead$ n[1 t1 )\t su* a compromise !re c\ld h be5 no union2 t1 )\t union1 ! colonies w\ld h become an easy prey to ! "m c\ntry2 &1 h5ce1 t x 0 an act ( necessity1 deplorable inde$ :5 view$ alone1 b absolutely indisp5sable to ! safety ( ! republic4 ,to ?is we reply3 ,! plea is z pr(ligate z ! act 0 tyrannical4 ,x is ! jesuitical doctr9e1 t ! end sanctifies ! means4 ,x is a confession ( s91 b ! d5ial ( any guilt 9 its p]petration4 ,x is at w> ) ! gov]nm5t ( ,god1 & subv]sive ( ! f\ndations ( morality4 ,x is to make lies our refuge1 & "u falsehood to hide ourselves1 s t we may escape ! ov]fl[+ sc\rge4 ,!re=e1 ?us sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,judgm5t w ,i lay to ! l9e1 & righte\sness to ! plummet2 & ! bail %all sweep away ! refuge ( lies1 & ! wat]s %all ov]fl[ ! hid+ place4 ,moreov]1 because ye tru/ 9 oppression & p]v]s5ess1 & /ay !reon2 !re=e ?is iniquity %all be to y z a brea* ready to fall1 swell+ out 9 a high wall1 ^: break+ come? sudd5ly at an in/ant4 ,& he %all break x z ! break+ ( ! pott]'s vessel t is brok5 9 pieces2 he %all n sp>e4 ,?is plea is suffici5tly broad to cov] all ! oppression & villany t ! sun has witness$ 9 8 circuit1 s9ce ,god said1 ,let !re by light4 ,x assumes t to be practicable1 :i* is impossible1 namely1 t !re c be fre$om ) slav]y1 union ) inju/ice1 & safety ) blood guilt9ess4 ,a union ( virtue ) pollution is ! triumph ( lic5ti\sness4 ,a p>tn]%ip betwe5 "r & wrong1 is :olly wrong4 ,a compromise ( ! pr9ciples ( ,ju/ice1 is ! deification ( crime4 ,bett] t ! ,am]ican ,union _h nev] be5 =m$1 ?an t x %\ld h be5 obta9$ at su* a frightful co/6 ,if !y 7 guilty :o fa%ion$ x1 b :o c\ld n =esee all its frightful consequ5ces1 h[ mu* m guilty are !y1 :o1 9 full view ( all t has result$ f x1 clamor = its p]petuity6 ,if x 0 s9ful at ! comm5cem5t1 to adopt x on ! gr\nd ( escap+ a great] evil1 is x n equally s9ful to swe> to support x = ! same reason1 or until1 9 process ( "t1 x be purg$ f its corruption8 ,! fact is1 ! compromise allud$ to1 in/ead ( effect+ a union1 r5d]$ x impracticable2 unless by ! t]m union we are to und]/& ! absolute reign ( ! slavehold+ p[] ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 to ! pro/ration ( ,nor!rn rights4 ,9 ! j use ( words1 ! ,am]ican ,union is & always has be5 a %am--an impo/ure4 ,x is an in/rum5t ( oppression unsurpass$ 9 ! crim9al hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,h[ !n c x be innoc5tly su/a9$8 ,x is n c]ta91 x is n ev5 probable1 t if x _h n be5 adopt$1 ! "m c\ntry w\ld h reconqu]$ ! colonies4 ,! _s t w\ld h *os5 dang] 9 pref]5ce to crime1--to p]i% ) ju/ice r ?an live ) di%onor1--to d>e & suff] :atev] might betide1 r ?an sacrifice ! rights ( "o human be+1--c\ld nev] h be5 subjugat$ by any mortal p[]4 ,surely x is pay+ a poor tribute to ! valor & devotion ( our revolution>y fa!rs 9 ! cause ( lib]ty1 to say t1 if !y _h /]nly refus$ to sacrifice _! pr9ciples1 !y w\ld h fall5 an easy prey to ! despotic p[] ( ,engl&4 ,,ii4 ,! ,am]ican ,con/itution is ! expon5t ( ! national compact4 ,we affirm t x is an in/rum5t :i* no man c innoc5tly b9d himself to support1 because its anti-republican & anti-,*ri/ian requirem5ts are explicit & p]emptory2 at lea/1 s explicit t1 9 reg>d to all ! clauses p]ta9+ to slav]y1 !y h be5 uni=mly und]/ood & en=c$ 9 ! same way1 by all ! c\rts & by all ! p2 & s p]emptory1 t no individual int]pretation or au?ority c set !m aside ) impunity4 ,x is n a ball ( clay1 to be m\ld$ into any %ape t p>ty contrivance or caprice may *oose x to assume4 ,x is n a =m ( words1 to be int]pret$ 9 any mann]1 or to any ext5t1 or = ! accompli%m5t ( any purpose1 t individuals 9 (fice "u x may det]m9e4 ,x means precisely :at ^? :o fram$ & adopt$ x meant--,,no?+ ,,m1 ,,no?+ ,,less1 z a matt] ( b>ga9 & compromise4 ,ev5 if x c be con/ru$ to mean some?+ else1 )\t viol5ce to its language1 su* con/ruction is n to be tol]at$ aga9/ ! wi%es ( ei!r p>ty4 ,no j or hone/ use ( x c be made1 9 opposition to ! pla9 int5tion ( its fram]s1 except to decl>e ! contract at an end1 & to refuse to s]ve "u x4 ,to ! argum5t1 t ! words slaves & slav]y are n to be f\nd 9 ! ,con/itution1 & !re=e t x 0 nev] int5d$ to give any protection or c\nt5ance to ! slave sy/em1 x is suffici5t to reply1 t ?\gh no su* words are conta9$ 9 t in/rum5t1 o!r words 7 us$1 intellig5tly & specifically1 ,,to ,,meet ,,! ,,necessities ,,( ,,slav]y2 & t ^! 7 adopt$ 9 good fai?1 to be obs]v$ until a con/itutional *ange c\ld be effect$4 ,on ?is po9t1 z to ! design ( c]ta9 provisions1 no intellig5t man c hone/ly ent]ta9 a d\bt4 ,if x be object$1 t ?\gh ^! provisions 7 meant to cov] slav]y1 yet1 z !y c fairly be int]pret$ to mean some?+ exactly ! rev]se1 x is all[able to give to !m su* an int]pretation1 especially z ! cause ( fre$om w !reby be promot$--we reply1 t ?is is to advocate fraud & viol5ce t[>d "o ( ! contract+ p>ties1 ^: co-op]ation 0 secur$ only by an express agreem5t & und]/&+ betwe5 !m bo?1 9 reg>d to ! clauses allud$ to2 & t su* a con/ruction1 if en=c$ by pa9s & p5alties1 w\ld unque/ionably lead to a civil w>1 9 :i* ! aggriev$ p>ty w\ld ju/ly claim to h be5 betray$1 & robb$ ( _! con/itutional rights4 ,aga91 if x be said1 t ^? clauses1 be+ immoral1 are null & void--we reply1 x is true !y are n to be obs]v$2 b x is also true t !y are portions ( an in/rum5t1 ! support ( :i*1 ,,z ,a ,,:ole1 is requir$ by oa? or affirmation2 &1 !re=e1 because !y are immoral1 & ,,because ,,( ,,?is ,,obligation ,,to ,,en=ce ,,immorality1 no "o c innoc5tly swe> to support ! ,con/itution4 ,aga91 if x be object$1 t ! ,con/itution 0 =m$ by ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to e/abli% ju/ice1 to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 & secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to !mselves & _! po/]ity3 & !re=e1 x is to be s con/ru$ z to h>monize ) ^! objects2 we reply1 aga91 t its language is n to be int]pret$ 9 a s5se :i* nei!r ( ! contract+ p>ties und]/ood1 & :i* w\ld fru/rate e design ( _! alliance--to wit1 union at ! exp5se ( ! color$ population ( ! c\ntry4 ,moreov]1 no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t ! preamble allud$ to nev] includ$1 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o fram$ x1 ^? :o 7 !n p9+ 9 bondage--=1 9 t case1 a g5]al emancipation ( ! slaves w\ld h in/antly be5 proclaim$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! words1 secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ourselves & our po/]ity1 assur$ly meant only ! :ite population4 ,to promote ! g5]al welf>e1 ref]r$ to _! own welf>e exclusively4 ,to e/abli% ju/ice1 0 und]/ood to be = _! sole b5efit z slavehold]s1 & ! guilty abettors ( slav]y4 ,?is is demon/rat$ by o!r p>ts ( ! same in/rum5t1 & by _! own practice "u x4 ,we w\ld n detract aught f :at is ju/ly _! due2 b x is z repreh5sible to give !m cr$it = :at !y did n possess1 z x is to rob !m ( :at is !irs4 ,x is absurd1 x is false1 x is an insult to ! common s5se ( mank9d1 to pret5d t ! ,con/itution 0 int5d$ to embrace ! entire population ( ! c\ntry "u its %elt]+ w+s2 or t ! p>ties to x 7 actuat$ by a s5se ( ju/ice & ! _s ( imp>tial lib]ty2 or t x ne$s no alt]ation1 b only a new int]pretation1 to make x h>monize ) ! object aim$ at by its adoption4 ,z truly might x be argu$1 t because x is ass]t$ 9 ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 t all m5 are creat$ equal1 & end[$ ) an inali5able "r to lib]ty1 !re=e none ( its sign]s 7 slavehold]s1 & s9ce its adoption1 slav]y has be5 bani%$ f ! ,am]ican soil6 ,! tru? is1 our fa!rs 7 int5t on secur+ lib]ty to !mselves1 )\t be+ v scrupul\s z to ! means !y us$ to accompli% _! purpose4 ,!y 7 n actuat$ by ! _s ( univ]sal philan?ropy2 & ?\gh 9 words !y recogniz$ occasionally ! bro!rhood ( ! human race1 9 practice !y cont9ually d5i$ x4 ,!y did n blu% to enslave a portion ( _! fell[-m51 & to buy & sell !m z cattle 9 ! m>ket1 :ile !y 7 fight+ aga9/ ! oppression ( ! "m c\ntry1 & boa/+ ( _! reg>d = ! rights ( man4 ,:y1 !n1 conc$e to !m virtues :i* !y did n posses4 ,:y cl+ to ! falsehood1 t !y 7 n respect]s ( p]sons 9 ! =mation ( ! gov]nm5t8 ,alas6 t !y _h no m fe> ( ,god1 no m reg>d = man1 9 _! he>ts6 ,! iniquity ( ! h\se ( ,israel & ,judah ! ,nor? & ,s\? is exce$+ great1 & ! l& is full ( blood1 & ! city full ( p]v]s5ess2 = !y say1 ! ,"l ha? =sak5 ! e>?1 & ! ,"l see? n4 ,we proce$ to a critical exam9ation ( ! ,am]ican ,con/itution1 9 its relations to slav]y4 ,9 ,,article #a1 ,section #i1 x is decl>$--! migration or importation ( su* p]sons z any ( ! ,/ates n[ exi/+ %all ?9k prop] to admit1 %all n be prohibit$ by ! ,congress1 prior to ! ye> "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & eight2 b a tax or duty may be impos$ on su* importation1 n exce$+ t5 doll>s = ea* p]son4 ,9 ?is ,section1 x w be p]ceiv$1 ! phraseology is s gu>d$ z n to imply1 ex necessitate1 any crim9al int5t or inhuman arrangem5t2 & yet no "o has ev] _h ! h>dihood or folly to d5y1 t x 0 cle>ly und]/ood by ! contract+ p>ties1 to mean t !re %\ld be no int]f]5ce ) ! ,african slave trade1 on ! "p ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 until ! ye> #ahjh4 ,= tw5ty ye>s aft] ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution1 ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 to be enc\rag$ & protect$ 9 ! prosecution ( t inf]nal traffic--9 sack+ & burn+ ! hamlets ( ,africa--9 slaught]+ multitudes ( ! in(f5sive natives on ! soil1 kidnapp+ & enslav+ a /ill great] proportion1 cr[d+ !m to suffocation 9 ! holds ( ! slave %ips1 populat+ ! ,atlantic ) _! dead bodies1 & subject+ ! wret*$ survivors to all ! horrors ( unmitigat$ bondage6 ,?is awful cov5ant 0 /rictly fulfill$2 & ?\gh1 s9ce its t]m9ation1 ,congress has decl>$ ! =eign slave traffic to be piracy1 yet all ,*ri/5dom kn[s t ! ,am]ican flag1 in/ead ( be+ ! t]ror ( ! ,african slav]s1 has giv5 !m ! mo/ ample protection4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! #i? ,section 0 agre$ to1 by ! national conv5tion t =m$ ! con/itution1 is ?us frankly av[$ by ! ,hon4 ,lu!r ,m>t91#ia :o 0 a prom95t memb] ( t body3 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 not)/&+ _! av]sion ( slav]y1 767 7 v will+ to indulge ! ,s\!rn ,/ates at lea/ ) a tempor>y lib]ty to prosecute ! slave trade1 provid$ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates w\ld1 9 ! return1 gratify !m by lay+ no re/riction on navigation acts2 &1 aft] a v little "t1 ! committee1 by a great majority1 agre$ on a report1 by :i* ! g5]al gov]nm5t 0 to be prohibit$ f prev5t+ ! importation ( slaves = a limit$ "t2 & ! re/rictive clause relative to navigation acts 0 to be omitt$4 ,behold ! iniquity ( ?is agreem5t6 ,h[ sordid 7 ! motives :i* l$ to x6 :at a pr(ligate disreg>d ( ju/ice & humanity1 on ! "p ( ^? :o _h solemnly decl>$ ! inali5able "r ( all m5 to be free & equal1 to be a self-evid5t tru?6 ,x is due to ! national conv5tion to say1 t ?is section 0 n adopt$ )\t consid]able opposition4 ,allud+ to x1 ,mr4 ,m>t9 obs]ves-- ,footnote #ia3 ,spee* be=e ! ,legislature ( ,m>yl& 9 #aghg4 ,x 0 said we _h j assum$ a place among ! indep5d5t nations 9 consequ5ce ( our opposition to ! attempts ( ,great ,brita9 to enslave u2 t ?is opposition 0 gr\nd$ ^u ! pres]vation ( ^? rights to :i* ,god & nature has entitl$ u1 n 9 p>ticul>1 b 9 common ) all ! re/ ( mank9d2 t we _h appeal$ to ! ,supreme ,be+ = 8 assi/ance1 z ! ,god ( fre$om1 :o c\ld n b approve our ef=ts to pres]ve ! rights :i* he _h ?us imp>t$ to 8 creatures2 t n[1 :5 we _h sc>cely ris5 f our knees1 f supplicat+ 8 m]cy & protection 9 =m+ our gov]nm5t ov] a free p1 a gov]nm5t =m$ pret5d$ly on ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 & = its pres]vation1--9 t gov]nm5t to h a provision1 n only ( putt+ out ( its p[] to re/ra9 & prev5t ! slave trade1 ev5 enc\rag+ t mo/ infam\s traffic1 by giv+ ! ,/ates ! p[] & influ5ce 9 ! ,union 9 proportion z !y cruelly & wantonly sport$ ) ! rights ( _! fell[-creatures1 ought to be consid]$ z a solemn mock]y (1 & insult to1 t ,god ^: protection we _h ?us implor$1 & c\ld n fail to hold u up 9 dete/ation1 & r5d] u contemptible to e true fri5d ( lib]ty 9 ! _w4 ,x 0 said t national crimes c only be1 & frequ5tly are1 puni%$ 9 ?is _w by national puni%m5ts1 & t ! cont9uance ( ! slave trade1 & ?us giv+ x a national "*1 sanction1 & enc\ragem5t1 ought to be consid]$ z ju/ly expos+ u to ! displeasure & v5geance ( him :o is equally ! ,"l ( all1 & :o views ) equal eye ! poor ,african slave & 8 ,am]ican ma/]6#ib ,footnote #ib3 ,h[ t]ribly & ju/ly has ?is guilty nation be5 sc\rg$1 s9ce ^! words 7 spok51 on acc\nt ( slav]y & ! slave trade6 ,secret ,proce$+s1 p4 #fd4 ,x 0 urg$ t1 by ?is sy/em1 we 7 giv+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t full & absolute p[] to regulate comm]ce1 "u :i* g5]al p[] x w\ld h a "r to re/ra91 or totally prohibit1 ! slave trade3 x mu/1 !re=e1 appe> to ! _w absurd & disgraceful to ! la/ degree t we %\ld except f ! ex]cise ( t p[] ! only bran* ( comm]ce :i* is unju/ifiable 9 its nature1 & contr>y to ! rights ( mank9d4 ,t1 on ! contr>y1 we ought to prohibit expressly1 9 our ,con/itution1 ! fur!r importation ( slaves1 & to au?orize ! g5]al gov]nm5t1 f "t to "t1 to make su* regulations z %\ld be ?\ght mo/ advantage\s = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y1 & ! emancipation ( ! slaves already 9 ! ,/ates4 ,t slav]y is inconsi/5t ) ! g5ius ( republicanism1 & has a t5d5cy to de/roy ^? pr9ciples on :i* x is support$1 z x less5s ! s5se ( ! equal rights ( mank9d1 & habituates to tyranny & oppression4 ,x 0 fur!r urg$ t1 by ?is sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 e ,/ate is to be protect$ bo? f =eign invasion & f dome/ic insurrections2 &1 f ?is consid]ation1 x 0 ( ! utmo/ importance x %\ld h ! p[] to re/ra9 ! importation ( slaves1 s9ce 9 proportion z ! numb] ( slaves increas$ 9 any ,/ate1 9 ! same proportion is ! ,/ate weak5$ & expos$ to =eign invasion & dome/ic insurrection3 & by s mu* less w x be able to protect itself aga9/ ei!r1 & !re=e by s mu*1 want aid f1 & be a burd5 to1 ! ,union4 ,x 0 fur!r said1 t1 9 ?is sy/em1 z we 7 giv+ ! g5]al gov]nm5t p[]1 "u ! idea ( national "*1 or national int]e/1 to regulate ev5 our weights & measures1 & h prohibit$ all possibility ( emitt+ pap] money1 & pass+ insolv5t laws1 c41 x mu/ appe> /ill m extraord9>y t we prohibit$ ! gov]nm5t f int]f]+ ) ! slave trade1 ?an :i* no?+ c\ld m effect our national honor & int]e/4 ,^! reasons influ5c$ me1 bo? 9 ! committee & 9 ! conv5tion1 mo/ decid$ly to oppose & vote aga9/ ! clause1 z x n[ makes "p ( ! sy/em4#ic ,footnote #ic3 ,secret ,proce$+s1 p4 #fd4 ,happy _h x be5 = ?is nation1 _h ^! solemn consid]ations be5 he$$ by ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution6 ,b = ! sake ( secur+ "s local advantages1 !y *oose to d evil t good may come1 & to make ! end sanctify ! means4 ,!y 7 will+ to enslave o!rs1 t !y might secure _! own fre$om4 ,!y did ?is de$ delib]ately1 ) _! eyes op51 ) all ! facts & consequ5ces aris+ !refrom be=e !m1 9 violation ( all _! heav5-atte/$ decl>ations1 & 9 a!i/ical di/ru/ ( ! ov]rul+ p[] ( ,god4 ,! ,ea/]n ,/ates 7 v will+ to indulge ! ,s\!rn ,/ates 9 ! unre/rict$ prosecution ( _! piratical traffic1 provid$ 9 return !y c\ld be gratifi$ by no re/riction be+ laid on navigation acts66--,_h !re be5 no o!r provision ( ! ,con/itution ju/ly liable to objection1 ?is "o alone r5d]$ ! support ( t in/rum5t incompatible ) ! duties :i* m5 owe to _! ,creator1 & to ea* o!r4 ,x 0 ! poison\s infusion 9 ! cup1 :i*1 ?\gh con/itut+ b a v slight portion ( its cont5ts1 p]ill$ ! life ( e "o :o p>took ( x4 ,if x be ask$ to :at purpose are ^! animadv]sions1 s9ce ! clause allud$ to has long s9ce expir$ by its own limitation--we answ]1 t1 if at any "t ! =eign slave trade c\ld be con/itutionally prosecut$1 x may yet be r5ew$1 "u ! ,con/itution1 at ! pleasure ( ,congress1 ^: prohibitory /atute is liable to be rev]s$ at any mom5t1 9 ! fr5zy ( ,s\!rn opposition to emancipation4 ,x is ignorantly suppos$ t ! b>ga9 01 t ! traffic %\ld cease 9 #ahjh2 b ! only ?+ secur$ by x 01 ! "r ( ,congress 7n any obligation7 to prohibit x at t p]iod4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,congress _h n *os5 to ex]cise t "r1 ! traffic might h be5 prolong$ indef9itely1 "u ! ,con/itution4 ,! "r to de/roy any p>ticul> bran* ( comm]ce1 implies ! "r to re-e/abli% x4 ,true1 !re is no probability t ! ,african slave trade w ev] aga9 be legaliz$ by ! national gov]nm5t2 b no cr$it is due ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution on ?is gr\nd2 =1 :ile !y ?rew ar\nd x all ! sanction & protection ( ! national "* & p[] = tw5ty ye>s1 !y set no b\nds to its cont9uance by any positive con/itutional prohibition4 ,aga91 ! adoption ( su* a clause1 & ! fai?ful execution ( x1 prove :at 0 meant by ! words ( ! preamble--to =m a m p]fect union1 e/abli% ju/ice1 insure dome/ic tranquillity1 provide = ! common def5ce1 promote ! g5]al welf>e1 & secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ourselves & our po/]ity--namely1 t ! p>ties to ! ,con/itution reg>d$ only _! own rights & int]e/s1 & nev] int5d$ t its language %\ld be s int]pret$ z to int]f]e ) slav]y1 or to make x unlawful = "o portion ( ! p to enslave ano!r1 )\t an express alt]ation 9 t in/rum5t1 9 ! mann] !re9 set =?4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ! ,con/itution rema9s z x 0 orig9ally adopt$1 !y :o swe> to support x are b\nd to comply ) all its provisions1 z a matt] ( allegiance4 ,= x avails no?+ to say1 t "s ( ^? provisions are at w> ) ! law ( ,god & ! rights ( man1 & !re=e are n obligatory4 ,:atev] may be _! "*1 !y are con/itutionally obligatory2 & :oev] feels t he _c execute !m1 or swe> to execute !m1 )\t committ+ s91 has no o!r *oice left ?an to )draw f ! gov]nm5t1 or to violate 8 consci5ce by tak+ on 8 lips an impi\s promise4 ,! object ( ! ,con/itution is n to def9e :at is ! law ( ,god1 b ,,:at ,,is ,,! ,,w ,,( ,,! ,,p--:i* w is n to be fru/rat$ by an +5i\s moral int]pretation1 by ^? :om !y h elect$ to s]ve !m4 ,,article #a1 ,sect4 #b1 provides--,repres5tatives & direct taxes %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates1 :i* may be includ$ )9 ?is ,union1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 :i* %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree-fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,"h1 z 9 ! clause we h already exam9$1 veil$ b5ea? a =m ( words z deceitful z x is unmean+ 9 a truly democratic gov]nm5t1 is a provision = ! safety1 p]petuity & augm5tation ( ! slavehold+ p[]--a provision sc>cely less atroci\s ?an t :i* relat$ to ! ,african slave trade1 & almo/ z afflictive 9 its op]ation--a provision /ill 9 =ce1 ) no possibility ( its alt]ation1 s long z a majority ( ! slave ,/ates *oose to ma9ta9 _! slave sy/em--a provision :i*1 at ! pres5t "t1 enables ! ,s\? to h tw5ty-five additional repres5tatives 9 ,congress on ! score ( prop]ty1 :ile ! ,nor? is n all[$ to h "o--a provision :i* conc$es to ! oppress$ ?ree-fif?s ( ! political p[] :i* is grant$ to all o!rs1 aid !n puts ?is p[] into ! h&s ( _! oppressors1 to be wield$ by !m = ! m p]fect security ( _! tyrann\s au?ority1 & ! complete subjugation ( ! non-slavehold+ ,/ates4 ,ref]r+ to ?is atroci\s b>ga91 ,,alex&] ,,hamilton rem>k$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,conv5tion-- ,! fir/ ?+ object$ to1 is t clause :i* all[s a repres5tation = ?ree-fif?s ( ! negroes4 ,mu* has be5 said ( ! impropriety ( repres5t+ m5 :o h no w ( _! own3 :e!r ?is is reason+ or declamation1 7667 ,i w n presume to say4 ,x is ! un=tunate situation ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to h a great "p ( _! population1 z well z prop]ty1 9 blacks4 ,! regulation compla9$ ( 0 "o result ( ! _s ( accommodation :i* gov]n$ ! ,conv5tion2 & )\t ?is indulg5ce1 ,,no ,,union ,,c\ld ,,possibly ,,h ,,be5 ,,=m$4 ,b1 sir1 consid]+ "s peculi> advantages :i* we d]ive f !m x is entirely ,,j t !y %\ld be gratifi$--,! ,s\!rn ,/ates possess c]ta9 /aples1--tobacco1 rice1 indigo1 c4--:i* mu/ be capital objects 9 treaties ( comm]ce ) =eign nations2 & ! advantage :i* !y necess>ily procure 9 ^! treaties w be felt ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,if su* 0 ! patriotism1 su* ! love ( lib]ty1 su* ! morality ( ,,alex&] ,,hamilton1 :at c be said ( ! "* ( ^? :o 7 f> less conspicu\s ?an himself 9 secur+ ,am]ican indep5d5ce1 & 9 fram+ ! ,am]ican ,con/itution8 ,li/51 n[1 to ! op9ions ( ,,john ,,qu9cy ,,adams1 respect+ ! con/itutional clause n[ "u consid]ation3-- ',9 outw>d %[1 x is a repres5tation ( p]sons 9 bondage2 9 fact1 x is a repres5tation ( _! ma/]s1--! oppressor repres5t+ ! oppress$4'--',is x 9 ! compass ( human imag9ation to devise a m p]fect exemplification ( ! art ( committ+ ! lamb to ! t5d] cu/ody ( ! wolf8'--',! repres5tative is ?us con/itut$1 n ! fri5d1 ag5t & tru/ee ( ! p]son :om he repres5ts1 b ! mo/ invet]ate ( 8 foes4'--',x 0 "o ( ! curses f t ,p&ora's box1 adju/$ at ! "t1 z usual1 by a compromise1 ! :ole advantage ( :i* inur$ to ! b5efit ( ! ,s\?1 & to aggravate ! burd5s ( ! ,nor?4'--',if !re be a p>allel to x 9 human hi/ory1 x c only be t ( ! ,roman ,emp]ors1 :o1 f ! days :5 ,julius ,caes> sub/itut$ a milit>y despotism 9 ! place ( a republic1 among ! (fices :i* !y always conc5trat$ ^u !mselves1 0 t ( tribune ( ! p4 ,a ,roman ,emp]or tribune ( ! p1 is an exact p>allel to t feature 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :i* makes ! ma/] ! repres5tative ( 8 slave4'--',! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates expressly prescribes t no title ( nobility %all be grant$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! _s ( ?is int]dict is n a root$ antipa?y to ! grant ( m]e p[]less empty titles1 b to titles ( nobility2 to ! in/itution ( privileg$ ord]s ( m54 ,b :at ord] ( m5 "u ! mo/ absolute ( mon>*ies1 or ! mo/ ari/ocratic ( republics1 0 ev] inve/$ ) su* an odi\s & unju/ privilege z t ( ! sep>ate & exclusive repres5tation ( less ?an half a million own]s ( slaves1 9 ! ,hall ( ?is ,h\se1 9 ! ,*air ( ! ,s5ate1 & 9 ! ,presid5tial mansion8'--',?is inve/m5t ( p[] 9 ! own]s ( "o species ( prop]ty conc5trat$ 9 ! highe/ au?orities ( ! nation1 & dissem9at$ ?r\gh ?irte5 ( ! tw5ty-six ,/ates ( ! ,union1 con/itutes a privileg$ ord] ( m5 9 ! community1 m adv]se to ! rights ( all1 & m p]nici\s to ! int]e/s ( ! :ole1 ?an any ord] ( nobility ev] kn[n4 ,to call gov]nm5t ?us con/itut$ a democracy1 is to insult ! und]/&+ ( mank9d4 ,to call x an ari/ocracy1 is to d inju/ice to t =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,ari/ocracy is ! gov]nm5t ( ! be/4 ,its /&>d qualification = accession to p[] is m]it1 asc]ta9$ by popul> election recurr+ at %ort int]vals ( "t4 ,if ev5 t gov]nm5t is prone to deg5]ate into tyranny1 :at mu/ be ! "* ( t =m ( polity 9 :i* ! /&>d qualification = access to p[] is weal? 9 ! possession ( slaves8 ,x is d\bly ta9t$ ) ! infection ( ri*es & ( slav]y4 ,!re is no "n 9 ! language ( national jurisprud5ce t c def9e x--no model 9 ! records ( anci5t hi/ory1 or 9 ! political !ories ( ,ari/otle1 ) :i* x c be lik5$4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by an equivocation--a repres5tation ( prop]ty "u ! "n ( p]sons4 ,little did ! memb]s ( ! ,conv5tion f ! free ,/ates =esee :at a sacrifice to ,molo* 0 hidd5 "u ! mask ( ?is concession4'--',! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates consi/s ( #bbc memb]s--all1 by ! lett] ( ! ,con/itution1 repres5tatives only ( p]sons1 z #ace ( !m really are2 b ! o!r #hh1 equally repres5t+ ! p]sons ( _! con/itu5ts1 by :om !y are elect$1 also repres5t1 "u ! "n ( o!r p]sons1 upw>ds ( two & a half millions ( slaves1 held z ! prop]ty ( less ?an half a million ( ! :ite con/itu5ts1 & valu$ at twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s4 ,ea* ( ^! #hh memb]s repres5ts 9 fact ! :ole ( t mass ( associat$ weal?1 & ! p]sons & exclusive int]e/s ( its own]s2 all ?us knit toge!r1 l ! memb]s ( a money$ corporation1 ) a capital n ( ?irty-five or =ty or fifty1 b ( twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s1 exhibit+ ! mo/ extraord9>y exemplification ( ! anti-republican t5d5cies ( associat$ weal? t ! _w ev] saw1'--',"h is "o class ( m51 consi/+ ( n m ?an "o =tie? "p ( ! :ole p1 n m ?an "o-?irtie? "p ( ! free population1 exclusively devot$ to _! p]sonal int]e/s id5tifi$ ) _! own z slavehold]s ( ! same associat$ weal?1 & wield+ by _! votes1 ^u e "q ( gov]nm5t or ( public policy1 two-fif?s ( ! :ole p[] ( ! ,h\se4 ,9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,union1 ! proportion ( ! slavehold+ p[] is yet great]4 ,by ! influ5ce ( slav]y1 9 ! ,/ates :]e ! in/itution is tol]at$1 ov] _! elections1 no o!r ?an a slavehold] c rise to ! di/9ction ( obta9+ a seat 9 ! ,s5ate2 & ?us1 ( ! #eb memb]s ( ! f$]al ,s5ate1 #bf are own]s ( slaves1 & z effectively repres5tatives ( t int]e/ z ! #hh memb]s elect$ by !m to ! ,h\se4'--',by ?is process x is t all political p[] 9 ! ,/ates is absorb$ & engross$ by ! own]s ( slaves1 & ! ov]rul+ policy ( ! ,/ates is %ap$ to /r5g!n & consolidate _! dom9ation4 ,! legislative1 executive1 & judicial au?orities are all 9 _! h&s--! pres]vation1 propagation1 & p]petuation ( ! black code ( slav]y--e law ( ! legislature becomes a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( ! slave2 e executive act a rivet to 8 hapless fate2 e judicial decision a p]v]sion ( ! human intellect to ! ju/ification ( wrong4--,its reciprocal op]ation ^u ! gov]nm5t ( ! nation is1 to e/abli% an artificial majority 9 ! slave repres5tation ov] t ( ! free p1 9 ! ,am]ican ,congress1 & !reby to make ! ,,pres]vation1 ,,propagation1 ,,& ,,p]petuation ,,( ,,slav]y ,,! ,,vital ,,& ,,animat+ ,,_s ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,gov]nm5t4--,! result is se5 9 ! fact t1 at ?is day1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & five out ( n9e ( ! ,judges ( ! ,supreme ,judicial ,c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 are n only citiz5s ( slavehold+ ,/ates1 b individual slavehold]s !mselves4 ,s are1 & con/antly h be51 ) sc>cely an exception1 all ! memb]s ( bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress f ! slavehold+ ,/ates2 & s are1 9 imm5sely disproportionate numb]s1 ! comm&+ (fic]s ( ! army & navy2 ! (fic]s ( ! cu/oms2 ! regi/]s & receiv]s ( ! l& (fices1 & ! po/-ma/]s ?r\gh\t ! slavehold+ ,/ates4--,! ,bi5nial ,regi/] indicates ! bir?-place ( all ! (fic]s employ$ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,union4 ,if x 7 requir$ to designate ! own]s ( ?is species ( prop]ty among !m1 x w\ld be little m ?an a catalogue ( slavehold]s4' ,x is confess$ by ,mr4 ,adams1 allud+ to ! national conv5tion t fram$ ! ,con/itution1 t ! delegation f ! free ,/ates1 9 _! extreme anxiety to conciliate ! asc5d5cy ( ! ,s\!rn slavehold]1 did li/5 to a compromise betwe5 "r & wrong--betwe5 fre$om & slav]y2 ( ! ultimate fruits ( :i* !y _h no conception1 b :i* already ev5 n[ is urg+ ! ,union to its inevitable ru9 & dissolution1 by a civil1 s]vile1 =eign1 & ,indian w>1 all comb9$ 9 "o2 a w>1 ! ess5tial issue ( :i* w be betwe5 fre$om & slav]y1 & 9 :i* ! unhall[$ /&>d ( slav]y w be ! desecrat$ bann] ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,union--t bann]1 fir/ unfurl$ to ! breeze1 inscrib$ ) ! self-evid5t tru?s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,h5ce1 to swe> to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z x is1 is to make a compromise betwe5 "r & wrong1 & to wage w> aga9/ human lib]ty4 ,x is to recognize & honor z republican legislators1 incorrigible m5-/eal]s1 ,,m]ciless ,,tyrants1 ,,blood ,,?ir/y ,,assass9s1 :o legislate ) deadly weapons ab\t _! p]sons1 su* z pi/ols1 dagg]s1 & b[ie-knives1 ) :i* !y ?reat5 to murd] any ,nor!rn s5ator or repres5tative :o %all d>e to /a9 _! honor1 or int]f]e ) _! rights6 ,!y con/itute a b&itti m fi]ce & cruel ?an any ^: atrocities are record$ on ! pages ( hi/ory or romance4 ,to mix ) !m on t]ms ( social or religi\s fell[%ip1 is to indicate a l[ /ate ( virtue2 b to ?9k ( adm9i/]+ a free gov]nm5t by _! co-op]ation1 is no?+ %ort ( insanity4 ,article ,,iv41 ,section #b1 decl>es1--,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,"h is a ?ird clause1 :i*1 l ! o!r two1 makes no m5tion ( slav]y or slaves1 9 express t]ms2 & yet1 l !m1 0 intellig5tly fram$ & mutually und]/ood by ! p>ties to ! ratification1 & int5d$ bo? to protect ! slave sy/em & to re/ore runaway slaves4 ,x alone makes slav]y a national in/itution1 a national crime1 & all ! p :o are n enslav$1 ! body-gu>d ov] ^? ^: lib]ties h be5 clov5 d[n4 ,?is agreem5t1 too1 has be5 fulfill$ to ! lett] by ! ,nor?4 ,"u ! ,mosaic disp5sation x 0 imp]atively comm&$1--,?\ %alt n deliv] unto 8 ma/] ! s]vant :i* is escap$ f 8 ma/] unto !e3 he %all dwell ) !e1 ev5 among y1 9 t place :i* he %all *oose 9 "o ( ?y gates1 :]e x like? him be/3 ?\ %alt n oppress him4 ,! w>n+ :i* ! prophet ,isaiah gave to oppress+ ,moab 0 ( a simil> k9d3 ,take c\nsel1 execute judgm5t2 make ?y %ad[ z ! night 9 ! mid/ ( ! noon-day2 hide ! outca/s2 bewray n him t w&]e?4 ,let m9e outca/s dwell ) !e1 ,moab2 be ?\ a cov]t to !m f ! face ( ! spoil]4 ,! prophet ,obadiah br+s ! foll[+ *>ge aga9/ trea*]\s ,edom1 :i* is precisely applicable to ?is guilty nation3--,= ?y viol5ce aga9/ ?y bro!r ,jacob1 %ame %all come ov] !e1 & ?\ %alt be cut (f = ev]4 ,9 ! day t ?\ /oode/ on ! o!r side1 9 ! day t ! /rang]s c>ri$ away captive 8 =ces1 & =eign]s ent]$ into 8 gates1 & ca/ lots ^u ,j]usalem1 ev5 ?\ wa/ z "o ( !m4 ,b ?\ %\ld/ n h look$ on ! day ( ?y bro!r1 9 ! day t he became a /rang]2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h rejoic$ ov] ! *ildr5 ( ,judah1 9 ! day ( _! de/ruction2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h spok5 pr\dly 9 ! day ( di/ress2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h /ood 9 ! cross-way1 to cut (f ^? ( 8 t did escape2 nei!r %\ld/ ?\ h deliv]$ up ^? ( 8 t did rema91 9 ! day ( di/ress4 ,h[ exactly descriptive ( ?is boa/$ republic is ! impea*m5t ( ,edom by ! same prophet6 ,! pride ( ?y he>t ha? deceiv$ !e1 ?\ ^: habitation is high2 t saye? 9 ?y he>t1 ,:o %all br+ me d[n to ! gr\nd8 ,?\gh ?\ exalt ?yself z ! eagle1 & ?\gh ?\ set ?y ne/ among ! />s1 !nce w ,i br+ !e d[n1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,! emblem ( ,am]ican pride & p[] is ! eagle1 & on h] bann] %e has m+l$ />s ) its /ripes4 ,h] vanity1 h] trea*]y1 h] oppression1 h] self-exaltation1 & h] defiance ( ! ,almighty1 f> surpass ! madness & wick$ness ( ,edom4 ,:at %all be h] puni%m5t8 ,truly1 x may be affirm$ ( ! ,am]ican p1 7:o live n "u ! ,levitical b ,*ri/ian code1 & ^: guilt1 !re=e1 is ! m awful1 & _! condemnation ! great]17 9 ! language ( ano!r prophet--,!y all lie 9 wait = blood2 !y hunt e man 8 bro!r ) a net4 ,t !y may d evil ) bo? h&s e>ne/ly1 ! pr9ce aske?1 & ! judge aske? = a rew>d2 & ! great man1 he utt]e? 8 mis*iev\s desire3 s !y wrap x up4 ,likewise ( ! color$ inhabitants ( ?is l& x may be said1 --,?is is a p robb$ & spoil$2 !y are all ( !m sn>$ 9 holes1 & !y are hid 9 prison-h\ses2 !y are = a prey1 & none deliv]e?2 = a spoil1 & none sai?1 ,re/ore4 ,by ?is /ipulation1 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates are made ! hunt+ gr\nd ( slave-cat*]s1 :o may pursue _! victims ) blood-h\nds1 & capture !m ) impunity :]ev] !y c lay _! robb] h&s ^u !m4 ,at lea/ twelve or fifte5 ?\s& runaway slaves are n[ 9 ,canada1 exil$ f _! native l&1 because !y c\ld n f9d1 ?r\gh\t its va/ ext5t1 a s+le road on :i* !y c\ld dwell 9 safety1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is provision ( ! ,con/itution8 ,h[ is x possible1 !n1 = ! advocates ( lib]ty to support a gov]nm5t :i* gives ov] to de/ruction "o-six? "p ( ! :ole population8 ,x is d5i$ by "s at ! pres5t day1 t ! clause :i* has be5 cit$1 0 int5d$ to apply to runaway slaves4 ,?is indicates ei!r ignorance1 or folly1 or some?+ worse4 ,,james ,,madison z "o ( ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution1 is ( "s au?ority on ?is po9t4 ,allud+ to t in/rum5t1 9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion1 he said3-- ,ano!r clause secures u t prop]ty :i* we n[ possess4 ,at pres5t1 if any slave elopes to ^? ,/ates :]e slaves are free1 he becomes emancipat$ by _! laws2 = ! laws ( ! ,/ates are un*>itable767 to "o ano!r 9 ?is respect2 b 9 ?is con/itution1 ',no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor1 b %all be deliv]$ ^u claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor away be due4 ,,?is ,,clause ,,0 ,,expressly ,,ins]t$ ,,to ,,enable ,,! ,,own]s ,,( ,,slaves ,,to ,,reclaim ,,!m4 ,?is is a bett] security ?an any t n[ exi/s4 ,no p[] is giv5 to ! g5]al gov]nm5t to int]f]e ) respect to ! prop]ty 9 slaves n[ held by ! ,/ates4 ,9 ! same conv5tion1 allud+ to ! same clause1 ,,gov4 ,,r&olph said3-- ,e "o kn[s t slaves are held to s]vice or labor4 ,&1 :5 au?ority is giv5 to own]s ( slaves to v9dicate _! prop]ty1 c x be suppos$ !y c be depriv$ ( x8 ,if a citiz5 ( ?is ,/ate1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is clause1 c take 8 runaway slave 9 ,m>yl&1 c x be s]i\sly ?\ght t1 aft] tak+ him & br++ him home1 he c\ld be made free8 ,x is object$1 t slaves are held z prop]ty1 & !re=e1 z ! clause ref]s to p]sons1 x _c mean slaves4 ,b ?is is criticism aga9/ fact4 ,slaves are recogniz$ n m]ely z prop]ty1 b also z p]sons--z hav+ a mix$ "*--z comb9+ ! human ) ! brutal4 ,?is is p>adoxical1 we admit2 b slav]y is a p>adox--! ,am]ican ,con/itution is a p>adox--! ,am]ican ,union is a p>adox--! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t is a p>adox2 & if any "o ( ^! is to be repudiat$ on t gr\nd1 !y all are4 ,t x is ! duty ( ! fri5ds ( fre$om to d5y ! b9d+ au?ority ( !m all1 & to sec$e f !m all1 we di/9ctly affirm4 ,aft] ! indep5d5ce ( ?is c\ntry _h be5 a*iev$1 ! voice ( ,god exhort$ ! p1 say+1 ,execute true judgm5t1 & %[ m]cy & compassion e man to 8 bro!r3 & oppress n ! wid[1 nor ! fa!rless1 ! /rang]1 nor ! poor2 & let none ( y imag9e evil aga9/ 8 bro!r 9 y\r he>t4 ,b !y refus$ to he>k51 & pull$ away ! %\ld]1 & /opp$ _! e>s1 t !y %\ld n he>2 yea1 !y made _! he>ts z an adamant /one4 ,%all ,i n visit = ^! ?+s8 sai? ! ,"l4 ,%all n my s\l be av5g$ on su* a nation z ?is8 ,:atev] d\bt may h re/$ on any hone/ m9d1 respect+ ! mean+ ( ! clause 9 relation to p]sons held to s]vice or labor1 mu/ h be5 remov$ by ! unanim\s decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ! case ( ,prigg v]sus ,! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,by t decision1 any ,s\!rn slave-cat*] is emp[]$ to seize & convey to ! ,s\?1 )\t h9drance or mole/ation on ! "p ( ! ,/ate1 & )\t any legal process duly obta9$ & s]v$1 any p]son or p]sons1 irrespective ( ca/e or complexion1 :om he may *oose to claim z runaway slaves2 & if1 :5 ?us surpris$ & attack$1 or on _! arrival ,s\?1 !y _c prove by legal witnesses1 t !y are freem51 _! doom is seal$6 ,h5ce ! free color$ population ( ! ,nor? are specially liable to become ! victims ( ?is t]rible p[]1 & all ! o!r inhabitants are at ! m]cy ( pr[l+ kidnapp]s1 because !re are multitudes ( :ite z well z black slaves on ,s\!rn plantations1 & slav]y is no long] fa/idi\s ) reg>d to ! color ( its prey4 ,z soon z t appall+ decision ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt 0 enunciat$1 9 ! "n ( ! ,con/itution1 ! p ( ! ,nor? %\ld h ris5 en masse1 if = no o!r cause1 & decl>$ ! ,union at an end2 & !y w\ld h done s1 if !y _h n lo/ _! manhood1 & _! rev]5ce = ju/ice & lib]ty4 ,9 ! #d? ,sect4 ( ,art4 ,,iv41 ! ,unit$ ,/ates gu>antee to protect e ,/ate 9 ! ,union aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce4 ,by ! #h? ,section ( ,article #a41 congress is emp[]$ to provide = call+ =? ! militia to execute ! laws ( ! ,union1 suppress insurrections1 & repel invasions4 ,^! provisions1 h[ev] /rictly !y may apply to cases ( di/urbance among ! :ite population1 7 adopt$ ) special ref]5ce to ! slave population1 = ! purpose ( keep+ !m 9 _! *a9s by ! comb9$ milit>y =ce ( ! c\ntry2 & 7 ^! repeal$1 & ! ,s\? left to manage h] slaves z be/ %e c\ld1 a s]vile insurrection w\ld ere long be ! consequ5ce1 z g5]al z x w\ld unque/ionably be successful4 ,says ,mr4 ,madison1 respect+ ^! clauses3-- ,on application ( ! legislature or executive1 z ! case may be1 ! militia ( ! o!r ,/ates are to be call$ to suppress dome/ic insurrections4 ,does ?is b> ! ,/ates f call+ =? _! own militia8 ,no2 b x gives !m a supplem5t>y security to suppress insurrections & dome/ic viol5ce4 ,! answ] to ,patrick ,h5ry's objection1 z urg$ aga9/ ! con/itution 9 ! ,virg9ia conv5tion1 t !re 0 no p[] left to ! ,/ates to quell an insurrection ( slaves1 z x 0 :olly ve/$ 9 congress1 ,george ,ni*olas ask$3-- ,h !y x n[8 ,if !y h1 does ! con/itution take x away8 ,if x does1 x mu/ be 9 "o ( ^? clauses :i* h be5 m5tion$ by ! wor?y memb]4 ,! fir/ "p gives ! g5]al gov]nm5t p[] to call !m out :5 necess>y4 ,does ?is take x away f ! ,/ates8 ,no6 b x gives an additional security2 =1 beside ! p[] 9 ! ,/ate gov]nm5t to use _! own militia1 x w be ! duty ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t to aid !m ,,) ,,! ,,/r5g? ,,( ,,! ,,union1 :5 call$ =4 ,?is solemn gu>anty ( security to ! slave sy/em1 caps ! climax ( national b>b>ity1 & /a9s ) human blood ! g>m5ts ( all ! p4 ,9 consequ5ce ( x1 t sy/em has multipli$ its victims f five hundr$ ?\s& to ne>ly ?ree millions--a va/ am\nt ( t]ritory has be5 pur*as$1 9 ord] to give x ext5sion & p]petuity--sev]al new slave ,/ates h be5 admitt$ into ! ,union--! slave trade has be5 made "o ( ! great bran*es ( ,am]ican comm]ce--! slave population1 ?\gh ov]-work$1 />v$1 lac]at$1 br&$1 maim$1 & subject$ to e =m ( deprivation & e species ( torture1 h be5 ov] aw$ & cru%$1--or1 :5ev] !y h attempt$ to ga9 _! lib]ty by revolt1 !y h be5 %ot d[n & quell$ by ! /rong arm ( ! national gov]nm5t2 z1 = example1 9 ! case ( ,nat ,turn]'s insurrection 9 ,virg9ia1 :5 ! naval & milit>y =ces ( ! gov]nm5t 7 call$ into active s]vice4 ,cuban bloodh\nds h be5 pur*as$ ) ! money ( ! p1 & import$ & us$ to hunt slave fugitives among ! ev]glades ( ,florida4 ,a m]ciless w>f>e has be5 wag$ = ! ext]m9ation or expulsion ( ! ,florida ,indians1 because !y gave succor to ^? poor hunt$ fugitives--a w>f>e :i* has co/ ! nation sev]al ?\s& lives1 & =ty millions ( doll>s4 ,b ! catalogue ( enormities is too long to be recapitulat$ 9 ! pres5t address4 ,we h ?us demon/rat$ t ! compact betwe5 ! ,nor? & ! ,s\? embraces e v>iety ( wrong & outrage1--is at w> ) ,god & man1 _c be innoc5tly support$1 & des]ves to be imm$iately annull$4 ,9 behalf ( ! ,society :i* we repres5t1 we call ^u all our fell[-citiz5s1 :o believe x is "r to obey ,god r ?an man1 to decl>e !mselves peaceful revolutioni/s1 & to unite ) u "u ! /a9less bann] ( ,lib]ty1 hav+ = its motto--,,equal ,,rights ,,= ,,all--,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s6 ,x is plead$ t ! ,con/itution provides = its own am5dm5t2 & we ought to use ! elective fran*ise to effect ?is object4 ,true1 !re is su* a proviso2 b1 until ! am5dm5t be made1 t in/rum5t is b9d+ z x /&s4 ,is x n to violate e moral in/9ct1 & to sacrifice pr9ciple to exp$i5cy1 to argue t we may swe> to /eal1 oppress & murd] by :olesale1 because x may be necess>y to d s only = ! "t be+1 & because !re is "s remote probability t ! in/rum5t :i* requires t we %\ld be robb]s1 oppressors & murd]]s1 may at "s future day be am5d$ 9 ^! p>ticul>s8 ,let u n palt] ) our consci5ces 9 ?is mann]--let u n d5y t ! compact 0 conceiv$ 9 s9 & br\ght =? 9 iniquity--let u n be s di%one/1 ev5 to promote a good object1 z to int]pret ! ,con/itution 9 a mann] utt]ly at v>iance ) ! int5tions & arrangem5ts ( ! contract+ p>ties2 b1 confess+ ! guilt ( ! nation1 ackn[l$g+ ! dreadful specifications 9 ! bond1 wa%+ our h&s 9 ! wat]s ( rep5tance f all fur!r p>ticipation 9 ?is crim9al alliance1 & resolv+ t we w su/a9 none o!r ?an a free & righte\s gov]nm5t1 let u glory 9 ! "n ( revolutioni/s1 unfurl ! bann] ( disunion1 & consecrate our tal5ts & means to ! ov]?r[ ( all t is tyrannical 9 ! l&1--to ! e/abli%m5t ( all t is free1 j1 true & holy1--to ! triumph ( univ]sal love & peace4 ,if1 9 utt] disreg>d ( ! hi/orical facts :i* h be5 cit$1 x is /ill ass]t$1 t ! ,con/itution ne$s no am5dm5t to make x a free in/rum5t1 adapt$ to all ! exig5cies ( a free p1 & 0 nev] int5d$ to give any /r5g? or c\nt5ance to ! slave sy/em--! indignant _s ( insult$ ,lib]ty replies3--,:at ?\gh ! ass]tion be true8 ,( :at avail is a m]e piece ( p>*m5t8 ,9 itself1 ?\gh x be writt5 all ov] ) words ( tru? & fre$om--?\gh its provisions be z imp>tial & j z words c express1 or ! imag9ation pa9t--?\gh x be z pure z ! gospel1 & brea! only ! _s ( ,heav5--x is p[]less2 x has no executive vitality2 x is a lifeless corpse1 ev5 ?\gh beautiful 9 dea?4 ,i am fami%+ = lack ( bread6 ,h[ is my appetite reliev$ by hold+ up to my gaze a pa9t$ loaf8 ,i am manacl$1 w\nd$1 ble$+ dy+6 ,:at consolation is x to "k1 t !y :o are seek+ to de/roy my life1 pr(ess 9 words to be my fri5ds8 ,if ! lib]ties ( ! p h be5 betray$--if judgm5t is turn$ away backw>d1 & ju/ice /&e? af> (f1 & tru? has fall5 9 ! /reets1 & equality _c ent]--if ! pr9ces ( ! l& are ro>+ lions1 ! judges ev5+ wolves1 ! p light & trea*]\s p]sons1 ! prie/s cov]$ ) pollution--if we are liv+ "u a frightful despotism1 :i* sc(fs at all con/itutional re/ra9ts1 & wields ! res\rces ( ! nation to promote its own bloody purposes--tell u n t ! =ms ( fre$om are /ill left to u6 ,w\ld su* tam5ess & submission h freight$ ! ,may-,fl[] = ,plym\? ,rock8 ,w\ld x h resi/$ ! ,/amp ,act1 ! ,tea ,tax1 or any ( ^? ent]+ w$ges ( tyranny ) :i* ! ,briti% gov]nm5t s\ght to rive ! lib]ties ( ,am]ica8 ,! :eel ( ! ,revolution w\ld h ru/$ on its axle1 if a _s s weak _h be5 ! only p[] to give x motion4 ,did our fa!rs say1 :5 _! rights & lib]ties 7 infr+$--,:y1 :at is done _c be undone4 ,t is ! fir/ ?\ght4 ,no1 x 0 ! la/ ?+ !y ?\ght (3 or1 r1 x nev] ent]$ _! m9ds at all4 ,!y sprang to ! conclusion at once--,:at is done ,,%all be undone4 ,t is our ,,fir/ & ,,only ?\ght4 ,is wat] runn+ 9 our ve9s8 ,d we rememb] /ill ,old ,plym\? ,rock1 & ,lex+ton1 & fam\s ,bunk] ,hill8 ,! debt we owe our fa!rs' graves8 & to ! yet unborn1 ,^: h]itage ourselves mu/ make a ?+ ( pride or scorn8 ,gray ,plym\? ,rock ha? yet a tongue1 & ,concord is n dumb2 ,& voices f our fa!rs' graves & f ! future come3 ,!y call on u to /& our gr\nd--!y *>ge u /ill to be ,n only free f *a9s ourselves1 b =emo/ to make free6 ,x is ( little consequ5ce :o is on ! ?rone1 if !re be beh9d x a p[] mighti] ?an ! ?rone4 ,x matt]s n :at is ! !ory ( ! gov]nm5t1 if ! practice ( ! gov]nm5t be unju/ & tyrannical4 ,we rise 9 rebellion aga9/ a despotism incomp>ably m dreadful ?an t :i* induc$ ! coloni/s to take up arms aga9/ ! "m c\ntry2 n on acc\nt ( a ?ree-p5ny tax on tea1 b because fett]s ( liv+ iron are fa/5$ on ! limbs ( millions ( our c\ntrym51 & our mo/ sacr$ rights are trampl$ 9 ! du/4 ,z citiz5s ( ! ,/ate1 we appeal to ! ,/ate 9 va9 = protection & r$ress4 ,z citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 we are treat$ z outlaws 9 "o half ( ! c\ntry1 & ! national gov]nm5t cons5ts to our de/ruction4 ,we are d5i$ ! "r ( locomotion1 fre$om ( spee*1 ! "r ( petition1 ! lib]ty ( ! press1 ! "r peaceably to assemble toge!r to prote/ aga9/ oppression & plead = lib]ty--at lea/ 9 ?irte5 ,/ates ( ! ,union4 ,if we v5ture1 z av[$ & unfl9*+ abolitioni/s1 to travel ,s\? ( ,mason & ,dixon's l9e1 we d s at ! p]il ( our lives4 ,if we w\ld escape torture & dea?1 on visit+ any ( ! slave ,/ates1 we mu/ /ifle our consci5ti\s convictions1 be> no te/imony aga9/ cruelty & tyranny1 suppress ! /ruggl+ emotions ( humanity1 dive/ ourselves ( all lett]s & pap]s ( an anti-slav]y "*1 & d homage to ! slavehold+ p[]--or run ! risk ( a cruel m>tyrdom6 ,^! are appall+ & und5iable facts4 ,?ree millions ( ! ,am]ican p are cru%$ "u ! ,am]ican ,union6 ,!y are held z slaves--traffick$ z m]*&ise--regi/]$ z goods & *attels6 ,! gov]nm5t gives !m no protection--! gov]nm5t is _! enemy--! gov]nm5t keeps !m 9 *a9s6 ,!re !y lie ble$+--we are pro/rate by _! side--9 _! sorr[s & suff]+s we p>ticipate--_! /ripes are inflict$ on our bodies1 _! %ackles are fa/5$ on our limbs1 _! cause is ours6 ,! ,union :i* gr9ds !m to ! du/ re/s ^u u1 & ) !m we w /ruggle to ov]?r[ x6 ,! ,con/itution1 :i* subjects !m to hopeless bondage1 is "o t we _c swe> to support6 ,our motto is1 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s1 ei!r religi\s or political4 ,!y are ! fi]ce/ enemies ( mank9d1 & ! bitt]e/ foes ( ,god6 ,we sep>ate f !m n 9 ang]1 n 9 malice1 n = a selfi% purpose1 n to d !m an injury1 n to cease w>n+1 exhort+1 reprov+ !m = _! crimes1 n to leave ! p]i%+ bondman to 8 fate--,o no6 ,b to cle> our skirts ( innoc5t blood--to give ! oppressor no c\nt5ance--to signify our abhorr5ce ( inju/ice & cruelty--to te/ify aga9/ an ungodly compact--to cease /rik+ h&s ) ?ieves & cons5t+ ) adult]]s--to make no compromise ) tyranny--to walk wor?ily ( our high pr(ession--to increase our moral p[] ov] ! nation--to obey ,god & v9dicate ! gospel ( 8 ,son--ha/5 ! d[nfall ( slav]y 9 ,am]ica1 & ?r\gh\t ! _w6 ,we are n act+ "u a bl9d impulse4 ,we h c>efully c\nt$ ! co/ ( ?is w>f>e1 & are prep>$ to meet its consequ5ces4 ,x w subject u to reproa*1 p]secution1 infamy--x w prove a fi]y ordeal to all :o %all pass ?r\gh x--x may co/ u our lives4 ,we %all be ridicul$ z fools1 accus$ z vision>ies1 br&$ z disorganiz]s1 revil$ z madm51 ?reat5$ & p]haps puni%$ z traitors4 ,b we %all bide our "t4 ,:e!r safety or p]il1 :e!r victory or defeat1 :e!r life or dea? be ours1 believ+ t our feet are plant$ on an et]nal f\ndation1 t our position is sublime & glori\s1 t our fai? 9 ,god is rational & /eadfa/1 t we h exce$+ great & preci\s promises on :i* to rely1 ,,t ,,we ,,are ,,9 ,,! ,,"r1 we %all n falt] nor be dismay$1 ?\gh ! e>? be remov$1 & ?\gh ! m\nta9s be c>ri$ into ! mid/ ( ! sea1--?\gh our ranks be ?9n$ to ! numb] ( ?ree hundr$ m54 ,freem56 are y ready = ! conflict8 ,come :at may1 w y sev] ! *a9 t b9ds y to a slavehold+ gov]nm5t1 & decl>e y\r indep5d5ce8 ,up1 !n1 ) ! bann] ( revolution6 ,n to %$ blood--n to injure ! p]son or e/ate ( any oppressor--n by =ce & arms to resi/ any law--n to c\nt5ance a s]vile insurrection--n to wield any c>nal weapons6 ,no--ours mu/ be a bloodless /rife1 except+ our blood be %$--= we aim1 z did ,*ri/ our lead]1 n to de/roy m5's lives1 b to save !m--to ov]come evil ) good--to conqu] ?r\gh suff]+ = righte\sness' sake--to set ! captive free by ! pot5cy ( tru?6 ,sec$e1 !n1 f ! gov]nm5t4 ,submit to its exactions1 b pay x no allegiance1 & give x no volunt>y aid4 ,fill no (fices "u x4 ,s5d no s5ators or repres5tatives to ! national or ,/ate legislature2 = :at y _c consci5ti\sly p]=m y\rself1 y _c ask ano!r to p]=m z y\r ag5t4 ,circulate a decl>ation ( ,,disunion ,,f ,,slavehold]s1 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,hold mass meet+s--assemble 9 conv5tions--nail y\r bann]s to ! ma/6 ,d y ask :at c be done1 if y ab&on ! ballot-box8 ,:at did ! crucifi$ ,naz>5e d )\t ! elective fran*ise8 ,:at did ! apo/les d8 ,:at did ! glori\s army ( m>tyrs & confessors d8 ,:at did ,lu!r & 8 intrepid associates d8 ,:at c wom5 & *ildr5 d8 ,:at has ,fa!r ,ma!w done = teetotalism8 ,:at has ,daniel ,o',connell done = ,iri% repeal8 ,/&1 hav+ y\r lo9s girt ab\t ) tru?1 & hav+ on ! brea/-plate ( righte\sness1 & array$ 9 ! :ole armor ( ,god6 ,! =m ( gov]nm5t t %all succe$ ! pres5t gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 let "t det]m9e4 ,x w\ld be a wa/e ( "t to argue t "q1 until ! p are reg5]at$ & turn$ f _! iniquity4 ,ours is no an>*ical movem5t1 b "o ( ord] & ob$i5ce4 ,9 ceas+ f oppression1 we e/abli% lib]ty4 ,:at is n[ fragm5t>y1 %all 9 due "t be cry/alliz$1 & %9e l a gem set 9 ! heav5s1 = a light to all com+ ages4 ,f9ally--we believe t ! effect ( ?is movem5t w be1--,fir/1 to create discussion & agitation ?r\gh\t ! ,nor?2 & ^! w lead to a g5]al p]ception ( its gr&eur & importance4 ,secondly1 to convulse ! slumb]+ ,s\? l an e>?quake1 & conv9ce h] t h] only alt]native is1 to aboli% slav]y1 or be ab&on$ by t p[] on :i* %e n[ relies = safety4 ,?irdly1 to attack ! slave p[] 9 its mo/ vuln]able po9t1 & to c>ry ! battle to ! gate4 ,f\r?ly1 to exalt ! moral s5se1 increase ! moral p[]1 & invigorate ! moral con/itution ( all :o he>tily esp\se x4 ,we rev]5tly believe t1 9 )draw+ f ! ,am]ican ,union1 we h ! ,god ( ju/ice ) u4 ,we "k t we h our enslav$ c\ntrym5 ) u4 ,we are confid5t t all free he>ts w be ) u4 ,we are c]ta9 t tyrants & _! abettors w be aga9/ u4 ,9 behalf ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ,,wm4 ,,lloyd ,,g>rison1 ,presid5t4 ,,w5dell ,,phillips1 ,secret>ies4 ,,m>ia ,,we/on ,,*apman1 ,bo/on1 ,may #bj1 #ahdd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,lett] ,,f ,,francis ,,jackson4 ,,bo/on1 #d,,? ,july1 #ahdd ,to ,8 ,excell5cy ,george ,n4 ,briggs3 ,,sir--,_m ye>s s9ce1 ,i receiv$ f ! ,executive ( ! ,commonweal? a commission z ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace4 ,i h held ! (fice t x conf]r$ ^u me till ! pres5t "t1 & h f\nd x a conv5i5ce to myself1 & o!rs4 ,x might cont9ue to be s1 c\ld ,i cons5t long] to hold x4 ,b p>am\nt consid]ations =bid1 & ,i h]e) transmit to y my commission1 respectfully ask+ y to accept my resignation4 ,:ile ,i deem x a duty to myself to take ?is /ep1 ,i feel call$ on to /ate ! reasons t influ5ce me4 ,9 ent]+ ^u ! duties ( ! (fice 9 "q1 ,i compli$ ) ! requirem5ts ( ! law1 by tak+ an oa? to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i regret t ,i ev] took t oa?4 ,_h ,i !n z maturely consid]$ its full import1 & ! obligations "u :i* x is und]/ood1 & meant to lay ^? :o take x1 z ,i h done s9ce1 ,i c]ta9ly nev] w\ld h tak5 x1 see+1 z ,i n[ d1 t ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates conta9s provisions calculat$ & int5d$ to fo/]1 *]i%1 uphold & p]petuate slav]y4 ,x pl$ges ! c\ntry to gu>d & protect ! slave sy/em s long z ! slavehold+ ,/ates *oose to reta9 x4 ,x reg>ds ! slave code z lawful 9 ! ,/ates :i* enact x4 ,/ill m1 x has done t1 :i*1 until its adoption1 0 nev] be=e done = ,african slav]y4 ,x took x out ( its =m] category ( municipal law & local life1 adopt$ x z a national in/itution1 spread ar\nd x ! broad & suffici5t %ield ( national law1 & ?us gave to slav]y a national exi/5ce4 ,consequ5tly1 ! oa? to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a solemn promise to d t :i* is morally wrong2 t :i* is a violation ( ! natural rights ( man1 & a s9 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,i am n1 9 ?is matt]1 con/itut+ myself a judge ( o!rs4 ,i d n say t no hone/ man c take su* an oa?1 & abide by x4 ,i only say1 t ,i w\ld n n[ delib]ately take x2 & t1 hav+ inconsid]ately tak5 x1 ,i c no long] suff] x to lie ^u my s\l4 ,i take back ! oa?1 & ask y1 sir1 to take back ! commission1 :i* 0 ! occasion ( my tak+ x4 ,i am aw>e t my c\rse 9 ?is matt] is liable to be reg>d$ z s+ul>1 if n c5surable2 & ,i mu/1 !re=e1 be all[$ to make a m specific /atem5t ( ^? provisions ( ! ,con/itution :i* support ! enorm\s wrong1 ! he9\s s9 ( slav]y4 ,! v fir/ ,article ( ! ,con/itution takes slav]y at once "u its legislative protection1 z a basis ( repres5tation 9 ! popul> bran* ( ! ,national ,legislature4 ,x reg>ds slaves "u ! description ( all o!r p]sons--z ( only ?ree-fif?s ( ! value ( free p]sons2 ?us to appe>ance und]valu+ !m 9 comp>ison ) freem54 ,b its d>k & involv$ phraseology seems int5d$ to bl9d u to ! consid]ation1 t ^? und]rat$ slaves are m]ely a basis1 n ! s\rce ( repres5tation2 t by ! laws ( all ! ,/ates :]e !y live1 !y are reg>d$ n z p]sons2 b z ?+s2 t !y are n ! con/itu5cy ( ! repres5tative1 b 8 prop]ty2 & t ! necess>y effect ( ?is provision ( ! ,con/itution is1 to take legislative p[] out ( ! h&s ( m51 z su*1 & give x to ! m]e possessors ( goods & *attels4 ,fix+ ^u ?irty ?\s& p]sons1 z ! smalle/ numb] t %all s5d "o memb] into ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 x protects slav]y by di/ribut+ legislative p[] 9 a free & 9 a slave ,/ate ?us3 ,to a congressional di/rict 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 conta9+ fifty ?\s& slaves1 claim$ z ! prop]ty ( five hundr$ :ites1 :o hold1 on an av]age1 "o hundr$ apiece1 x gives "o ,repres5tative 9 ,congress2 to a di/rict 9 ,massa*usetts conta9+ a population ( ?irty ?\s& five hundr$1 "o ,repres5tative is assign$4 ,b inasmu* z a slave is nev] p]mitt$ to vote1 ! fifty ?\s& p]sons 9 a di/rict 9 ,c>ol9a =m no "p ( ! con/itu5cy2 t is f\nd only 9 ! five hundr$ free p]sons4 ,five hundr$ freem5 ( ,c>ol9a c\ld s5d "o ,repres5tative to ,congress1 :ile x w\ld take ?irty ?\s& five hundr$ freem5 ( ,massa*usetts1 to d ! same ?+3 t is1 "o slavehold] 9 ,c>ol9a is clo!d by ! ,con/itution ) ! same political p[] & influ5ce 9 ! ,repres5tatives ,hall at ,wa%+ton1 z sixty ,massa*usetts m5 l y & me1 :o eat _! bread 9 ! sweat ( _! own br[s4 ,accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahcj1 & ! ratio ( repres5tation bas$ ^u t1 slave prop]ty add$ tw5ty-five memb]s to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,& z x has be5 e/imat$1 7z an approximation to ! tru?17 t ! two & a half million slaves 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are held z prop]ty by ab\t two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p]sons--giv+ an av]age ( t5 slaves to ea* slavehold]1 ^? tw5ty-five ,repres5tatives1 ea* *os51 at mo/1 by only t5 ?\s& vot]s1 & probably by less ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( t numb]1 7 ! repres5tatives1 n only ( ! two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p]sons :o *ose !m2 b ( prop]ty :i*1 five ye>s ago1 :5 slaves 7 l[] 9 m>ket1 ?an at pres5t1 7 e/imat$1 by ! man :o is n[ ! mo/ prom95t c&idate = ! ,presid5cy1 at twelve hundr$ millions ( doll>s--a sum1 :i*1 by ! natural increase ( five ye>s1 & ! enhanc$ value result+ f a m prosp]\s /ate ( ! plant+ int]e/1 _c n[ be less ?an fifte5 hundr$ millions ( doll>s4 ,all ?is va/ am\nt ( prop]ty1 z x is peculi>1 is also id5tical 9 its "*4 ,9 ,congress1 z we h se51 x is animat$ by "o _s1 moves 9 "o mass1 & is wield$ ) "o aim2 & :5 we consid] t tyranny is always timid1 & despotism di/ru/ful1 we see t ?is va/ money p[] w\ld be false to itself1 did x n direct all its eyes & h&s1 & put =? all its +5uity & en]gy1 to "o end--self-protection & self-p]petuation4 ,& ?is x has ev] done4 ,9 all ! vibrations ( ! political scale1 :e!r 9 relation to a ,bank or ,sub-,treasury1 ,free ,trade or a ,t>iff1 ?is imm5se p[] has mov$1 & w cont9ue to move1 9 "o mass1 = its own protection4 ,:ile ! weight ( ! slave influ5ce is ?us felt 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,union1 says ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 ! proportion ( slavehold+ p[] is /ill great]4 ,by ! influ5ce ( slav]y 9 ! ,/ates :]e ! in/itution is tol]at$1 ov] _! elections1 no o!r ?an a slavehold] c rise to ! di/9ction ( obta9+ a seat 9 ! ,s5ate2 & ?us1 ( ! fifty-two memb]s ( ! f$]al ,s5ate1 tw5ty-six are own]s ( slaves1 & are z effectually repres5tatives ( t int]e/1 z ! eighty-eight memb]s elect$ by !m to ! ,h\se4 ,! dom9ant p[] :i* ! ,con/itution gives to ! slave int]e/1 z ?us se5 & ex]cis$ 9 ! ,legislative ,halls ( our nation1 is equally obvi\s & obtrusive 9 e o!r dep>tm5t ( ! ,national gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! ,electoral colleges1 ! same cause produces ! same effect--! same p[] is wield$ = ! same purpose1 z 9 ! ,halls ( ,congress4 ,ev5 ! prelim9>y nom9at+ conv5tions1 be=e !y d>e "n a c&idate = ! highe/ (fice 9 ! gift ( ! p1 mu/ ask ( ! ,g5ius ( slav]y1 to :at vot>y %e w %[ h]self propiti\s4 ,?is v ye>1 we see bo? ! great political p>ties do+ homage to ! slave p[]1 by nom9at+ ea* a slavehold] = ! *air ( ! ,/ate4 ,! c&idate ( "o p>ty decl>es4 ,i %\ld h oppos$1 & w\ld cont9ue to oppose1 any s*eme :atev] ( emancipation1 ei!r gradual or imm$iate2 & adds1 ,x is n true1 & ,i rejoice t x is n true1 t ei!r ( ! two great p>ties ( ?is c\ntry has any design or aim at abolition4 ,i %\ld deeply lam5t x1 if x 7 true4#id ,footnote #id3 ,h5ry ,clay's spee* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate 9 #ahci1 & confirm$ at ,raleigh1 ,n4,c4 #ahdd4 ,! o!r p>ty nom9ates a man :o says1 ,i h no hesitation 9 decl>+ t ,i am 9 favor ( ! imm$iate re-annexation ( ,texas to ! t]ritory & gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?us bo? ! political p>ties1 & ! c&idates ( bo?1 vie ) ea* o!r1 9 (f]+ allegiance to ! slave p[]1 z a condition prec$5t to any hope ( success 9 ! /ruggle = ! executive *air2 a seat t1 = m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! exi/5ce ( our con/itutional gov]nm5t1 has be5 occupi$ by a slavehold]4 ,! same /]n despotism ov]%ad[s ev5 ! sanctu>ies ( ju/ice4 ,( ! n9e ,ju/ices ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 five are slavehold]s1 & ( c\rse1 mu/ be fai?less to _! own int]e/1 z well z recreant to ! p[] t gives !m place1 or mu/1 s f> z !y are conc]n$1 give bo? to law & con/itution su* a con/ruction z %all ju/ify ! language ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 :5 he says--,! legislative1 executive1 & judicial au?orities1 are all 9 _! h&s--= ! pres]vation1 propagation1 & p]petuation ( ! black code ( slav]y4 ,e law ( ! legislature becomes a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( ! slave2 e executive act a rivet to 8 hapless fate2 e judicial decision a p]v]sion ( ! human intellect to ! ju/ification ( wrong4 ,?us by m]ely adv]t+ b briefly to ! !ory & ! practical effect ( ?is clause ( ! ,con/itution1 t ,i h sworn to support1 x is se5 t x ?r[s ! political p[] ( ! nation into ! h&s ( ! slavehold]s2 a body ( m51 :i*1 h[ev] x may be reg>d$ by ! ,con/itution z p]sons1 is 9 fact & practical effect1 a va/ money$ corporation1 b\nd toge!r by an indissoluble unity ( int]e/1 by a common s5se ( a common dang]2 c\nsell+ at all times = its common protection2 wield+ ! :ole p[]1 & controll+ ! de/9y ( ! nation4 ,if we look into ! legislative halls1 slav]y is se5 9 ! *air ( ! presid+ (fic] ( ea*1 & controll+ ! action ( bo?4 ,slav]y occupies1 by prescriptive "r1 ! ,presid5tial *air4 ,! p>am\nt voice t comes f ! temple ( national ju/ice1 issues f ! lips ( slav]y4 ,! army is 9 ! h&s ( slav]y1 & at h] bidd+1 mu/ encamp 9 ! ev]glades ( ,florida1 or m>* f ! ,miss\ri to ! bord]s ( ,mexico1 to look aft] h] int]e/s 9 ,texas4 ,! navy1 ev5 t "p t is cruis+ (f ! coa/ ( ,africa1 to suppress ! =eign slave trade1 is 9 ! h&s ( slav]y4 ,freem5 ( ! ,nor?1 :o h ev5 d>$ to lift up _! voice aga9/ slav]y1 _c travel ?r\gh ! slave ,/ates1 b at ! p]il ( _! lives4 ,! repres5tatives ( freem5 are =bidd51 on ! floor ( ,congress1 to remon/rate aga9/ ! encroa*m5ts ( slav]y1 or to pray t %e w\ld let h] poor victims g4 ,i r5\nce my allegiance to a ,con/itution t en?rones su* a p[]1 wield$ = ! purpose ( depriv+ me ( my rights1 ( robb+ my c\ntrym5 ( _! lib]ties1 & ( secur+ its own protection1 support & p]petuation4 ,pass+ by t clause ( ! ,con/itution1 :i* re/rict$ ,congress = tw5ty ye>s1 f pass+ any law aga9/ ! ,african slave trade1 & :i* gave au?ority to raise a rev5ue on ! /ol5 sons ( ,africa1 ,i come to t "p ( ! f\r? article1 :i* gu>antees protection aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce1 & :i* pl$ges to ! ,s\? ! milit>y =ce ( ! c\ntry1 to protect ! ma/]s aga9/ _! insurg5t slaves3 b9ds u1 & our *ildr51 to %oot d[n our fell[-c\ntrym51 :o may rise1 9 emulation ( our revolution>y fa!rs1 to v9dicate _! inali5able "r to life1 lib]ty & ! pursuit ( happ9ess1--?is clause ( ! ,con/itution1 ,i say di/9ctly1 ,i nev] w support4 ,t "p ( ! ,con/itution :i* provides = ! surr5d] ( fugitive slaves1 ,i nev] h support$ & nev] w4 ,i w jo9 9 no slave-hunt4 ,my door %all /& op51 z x has long /ood1 = ! pant+ & trembl+ victim ( ! slave-hunt]4 ,:5 ,i %ut x aga9/ him1 may ,god %ut ! door ( 8 m]cy aga9/ me6 ,"u ?is clause ( ! ,con/itution1 & design$ to c>ry x into effect1 slav]y has dem&$ t laws %\ld be pass$1 & ( su* a "*1 z h left ! free citiz5 ( ! ,nor? )\t protection = 8 own lib]ty4 ,! "q1 :e!r a man seiz$ 9 a free ,/ate z a slave1 is a slave or n1 ! law ( ,congress does n all[ a jury to det]m9e3 b ref]s x to ! decision ( a ,judge ( a ,unit$ ,/ates' ,c\rt1 or ev5 ( ! humble/ ,/ate magi/rate1 x may be1 ^u ! te/imony or affidavit ( ! p>ty mo/ deeply int]e/$ to support ! claim4 ,by virtue ( ?is law1 freem5 h be5 seiz$ & dragg$ into p]petual slav]y--& %\ld ,i be seiz$ by a slave-hunt] 9 any "p ( ! c\ntry :]e ,i am n p]sonally kn[n1 nei!r ! ,con/itution nor laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld %ield me f ! same de/9y4 ,^!1 sir1 are ! specific p>ts ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* 9 my op9ion are ess5tially vici\s1 ho/ile at once to ! lib]ty & to ! morals ( ! nation4 ,& ^! are ! pr9cipal reasons ( my refusal any long] to ackn[l$ge my allegiance to x1 & ( my det]m9ation to revoke my oa? to support x4 ,i _c1 9 ord] to keep ! law ( man1 break ! law ( ,god1 or solemnly call him to witness my promise t ,i w break x4 ,x is true t ! ,con/itution provides = its own am5dm5t1 & t by ?is process1 all ! gu>antees ( ,slav]y may be expung$4 ,b x w be "t en\gh to swe> to support x :5 ?is is done4 ,x _c be "r to d s1 until ^! am5dm5ts are made4 ,x is also true t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution did /udi\sly keep ! words ,slave & ,slav]y f its face4 ,b to d our con/itutional fa!rs ju/ice1 :ile !y =ebore--f v %ame--to give ! ^w ,slav]y a place 9 ! ,con/itution1 !y did n =be>--aga9 to d !m ju/ice--to give place 9 x to ! ?+4 ,!y 7 c>eful to wrap up ! idea1 & ! sub/ance ( ,slav]y1 9 ! clause = ! surr5d] ( ! fugitive1 ?\gh !y sacrific$ ju/ice 9 do+ s4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce t ?is clause t\*+ p]sons held to s]vice or labor1 n only op]ates practically1 "u ! judicial con/ruction1 = ! protection ( ! slave int]e/2 b t x 0 int5d$ s to op]ate by ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution4 ,! highe/ judicial au?orities--,*ief ,ju/ice ,%aw1 ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,massa*usetts1 9 ! ,latim] case1 & ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,/ory1 9 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ! case ( ,prigg vs4 ,! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania1--tell u1 ,i "k n on :at evid5ce1 t )\t ?is compromise1 ?is security = ,s\!rn slavehold]s1 ! ,union c\ld n h be5 =m$4 ,& !re is /ill high] evid5ce1 n only t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution meant by ?is clause to protect slav]y1 b t !y did ?is1 kn[+ t slav]y 0 wrong4 ,mr4 ,madison#ie in=ms u t ! clause 9 "q1 z x came out ( ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,johnson1 ! *airman ( ! committee on /yle1 read ?us3 ,no p]son legally held to s]vice1 or labor1 9 "o ,/ate1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 c41 & t ! ^w legally 0 /ruck out1 & ! words "u ! laws !re( ins]t$ aft] ! ^w ,/ate1 9 compliance ) ! wi% ( "s1 :o ?\ght ! t]m legal equivocal1 & favor+ ! idea t slav]y 0 legal 9 a moral view4 ,a conclusive pro( t1 al?\gh future g5]ations might apply t clause to o!r k9ds ( s]vice or labor1 :5 slav]y %\ld h di$ out1 or be5 kill$ (f by ! "y _s ( lib]ty1 :i* 0 !n awake & at "w 9 ! l&2 /ill1 slav]y 0 :at !y 7 wrapp+ up 9 equivocal words2 & wrapp+ x up = its protection & safe keep+3 a conclusive pro( t ! fram]s ( ! ,con/itution 7 m c>eful to protect !mselves 9 ! judgm5t ( com+ g5]ations1 f ! *>ge ( ignorance1 ?an ( s92 a conclusive pro( t !y knew t slav]y 0 n legal 9 a moral view1 t x 0 a violation ( ! moral law ( ,god2 & yet kn[+ & confess+ its immorality1 !y d>$ to make ?is /ipulation = its support & def5ce4 ,footnote #ie3 ,madison ,pap]s1 p4 #aehi ,?is language may s\nd h>% to ! e>s ( ^? :o ?9k x a "p ( _! duty1 z citiz5s1 to ma9ta9 t :atev] ! patriots ( ! ,revolution did1 0 "r2 & :o hold t we are b\nd to d all ! iniquity t !y cov5ant$ = u t we %\ld d4 ,b ! claims ( tru? & "r are p>am\nt to all o!r claims4 ,) all our v5]ation = our con/itutional fa!rs1 we mu/ admit1--= !y h left on record _! own confession ( x1--t 9 ?is "p ( _! "w !y int5d$ to hold ! %ield ( _! protection ov] a wrong1 kn[+ t x 0 a wrong4 ,!y made a compromise :i* !y _h no "r to make--a compromise ( moral pr9ciple = ! sake ( :at !y probably reg>d$ z political exp$i5cy4 ,i am sure !y did n "k--no man c\ld "k1 or c n[ measure1 ! ext5t1 or ! consequ5ces ( ! wrong1 t !y 7 do+4 ,9 ! /rong language ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1#if 9 relation to ! article fix+ ! basis ( repres5tation1 ,little did ! memb]s ( ! ,conv5tion1 f ! free ,/ates1 imag9e or =esee :at a sacrifice to ,molo* 0 hidd5 "u ! mask ( ?is concession4 ,footnote #if3 ,see 8 ,report on ! ,massa*usetts ,resolutions4 ,i v]ily believe t1 giv+ all due consid]ation to ! b5efits conf]r$ ^u ?is nation by ! ,con/itution1 its national unity1 its swell+ masses ( weal?1 its p[]1 & ! ext]nal prosp]ity ( its multiply+ millions2 yet ! moral injury t has be5 done1 by ! c\nt5ance %[n to slav]y by hold+ ov] t trem5d\s s9 ! %ield ( ! ,con/itution1 & ?us break+ d[n 9 ! eyes ( ! nation ! b>ri] betwe5 "r & wrong2 by s t5d]ly *]i%+ slav]y z1 9 less ?an ! life ( man1 to multiply h] *ildr5 f half a million to ne>ly ?ree millions2 by exact+ oa?s f ^? :o occupy prom95t /ations 9 society1 t !y w violate at once ! rights ( man & ! law ( ,god2 by sub/itut+ itself z a rule ( "r1 9 place ( ! moral laws ( ! univ]se2--?us 9 effect1 de?ron+ ! ,almighty 9 ! he>ts ( ?is p & sett+ up ano!r sov]eign 9 8 /ead--m ?an outweighs x all4 ,a melan*oly & monitory lesson ?is1 to all times]v+ & temporis+ /atesm56 ,a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! impolicy ( sacrific+ "r to any consid]ations ( exp$i5cy6 ,yet1 :at bett] ?an ! evil effects t we h se51 c\ld ! au?ors ( ! ,con/itution h reasonably expect$1 f ! sacrifice ( "r1 9 ! concessions !y made to slav]y8 ,0 x reasonable 9 !m to expect t aft] !y _h introduc$ a vici\s elem5t into ! v ,con/itution ( ! body politic :i* !y 7 call+ into life1 x w\ld n ex]t its vici\s en]gies8 ,0 x reasonable 9 !m to expect t1 aft] slav]y _h be5 corrupt+ ! public morals = a :ole g5]ation1 _! *ildr5 w\ld h too mu* virtue to use = ! def5ce ( slav]y1 a p[] :i* !y !mselves _h n too mu* virtue to give8 ,x is dang]\s = ! sov]eign p[] ( a ,/ate to lic5se immorality2 to hold ! %ield ( its protection ov] any ?+ t is n legal 9 a moral view4 ,br+ into y\r h\se a b5umb$ vip]1 & lay x d[n ^u y\r w>m he>?1 & soon x w n ask y into :i* room x may crawl4 ,let ,slav]y once lean ^u ! support+ arm1 & bask 9 ! fo/]+ smile ( ! ,/ate1 & y w soon see1 z we n[ see1 bo? h] m9ions & h] victims multiply apace till ! politics1 ! morals1 ! lib]ties1 ev5 ! religion ( ! nation1 are br\ght completely "u h] control4 ,to me1 x appe>s t ! virus ( slav]y1 introduc$ into ! ,con/itution ( our body politic1 by a few slight punctures1 has n[ s p]vad$ & poison$ ! :ole sy/em ( our ,national ,gov]nm5t1 t lit]ally !re is no heal? 9 x4 ,! only rem$y t ,i c see = ! disease1 is to be f\nd 9 ! dissolution ( ! pati5t4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 bo? 9 !ory & practice1 is s utt]ly brok5 d[n by ! influ5ce & effects ( slav]y1 s imbecile = ! highe/ good ( ! nation1 & s p[]ful = evil1 t ,i c give no volunt>y assi/ance 9 hold+ x up any long]4 ,h5ce=? x is dead to me1 & ,i to x4 ,i )draw all pr(ession ( allegiance to x1 & all my volunt>y ef=ts to su/a9 x4 ,! burd5s t x lays ^u me1 :ile x is held up by o!rs1 ,i %all endeavor to be> pati5tly1 yet act+ ) ref]5ce to a high] law1 & di/9ctly decl>+1 t :ile ,i reta9 my own lib]ty1 ,i w be a p>ty to no compact1 :i* helps to rob any o!r man ( 84 ,v respectfully1 y\r fri5d1 ,,francis ,,jackson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,f ,,mr4 ,,web/]',s ,,spee* ,,at ,,niblo',s ,,g>d5s4 ,we h slav]y1 already1 among/ u4 ,! ,con/itution f\nd x among u2 x recogniz$ x & gave x ,,solemn ,,gu>anties4 ,to ! full ext5t ( ^! gu>anties we are all b\nd1 9 honor1 9 ju/ice1 & by ! ,con/itution4 ,all ! /ipulations1 conta9$ 9 ! ,con/itution1 9 favor ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates :i* are already 9 ! ,union1 ought to be fulfill$1 & s f> z dep5ds on me1 %all be fulfill$1 9 ! fullness ( _! _s1 & to ! exactness ( _! lett]4666 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,f ,,john ,q4 ,,adams',s ,,address ,,at ,,nor? ,,bridgewat]1 ,,nov4 #f1 #ahdd4 ,! b5efits ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7 ! re/oration ( cr$it & reputation1 to ! c\ntry--! revival ( comm]ce1 navigation1 & %ip-build+--! acquisition ( ! means ( dis*>g+ ! debts ( ! ,revolution1 & ! protection & enc\ragem5t ( ! infant & droop+ manufactures ( ! c\ntry4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 z is n[ well asc]ta9$1 0 insuffici5t to propitiate ! rul]s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution4 ,:at !y specially want$ 0 protection4--,protection f ! p[]ful & savage tribes ( ,indians )9 _! bord]s1 & :o 7 h>ass+ !m ) ! mo/ t]rible ( w>s--& protection f _! own negroes--protection f _! insurrections--protection f _! escape--protection ev5 to ! trade by :i* !y 7 br\ght into ! c\ntry--protection1 %all ,i n blu% to say1 protection to ! v bondage by :i* !y 7 held4 ,yes6 x _c be d5i$--! slavehold+ lords ( ! ,s\? prescrib$1 z a condition ( _! ass5t to ! ,con/itution1 ?ree special provisions to secure ! p]petuity ( _! dom9ion ov] _! slaves4 ,! fir/ 0 ! immunity = tw5ty ye>s ( pres]v+ ! ,african slave-trade2 ! second 0 ! /ipulation to surr5d] fugitive slaves--an engagem5t positively prohibit$ by ! laws ( ,god1 deliv]$ f ,s9ai2 & ?irdly1 ! exaction fatal to ! pr9ciples ( popul> repres5tation1 ( a repres5tation = slaves--= articles ( m]*&ise1 "u ! "n ( p]sons4 ,! reluctance ) :i* ! freem5 ( ! ,nor? submitt$ to ! dictation ( ^! conditions1 is atte/$ by ! awkw>d & ambigu\s language 9 :i* !y are express$4 ,! ^w slave is mo/ cauti\sly & fa/idi\sly exclud$ f ! :ole in/rum5t4 ,a /rang]1 :o %\ld come f a =eign l&1 & read ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld n believe t slav]y or a slave exi/$ )9 ! bord]s ( our c\ntry4 ,!re is n a ^w 9 ! ,con/itution app>5tly be>+ ^u ! condition ( slav]y1 nor is !re a provision b w\ld be susceptible ( practical execution1 if !re 7 n a slave 9 ! l&4 ,! delegates f ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia di/9ctly av[$ t1 )\t ?is gu>antee ( protection to _! prop]ty 9 slaves1 !y w\ld n yield _! ass5t to ! ,con/itution2 & ! freem5 ( ! ,nor?1 r$uc$ to ! alt]native ( dep>t+ f ! vital pr9ciple ( _! lib]ty1 or ( =feit+ ! ,union itself1 av]t$ _! faces1 & ) trembl+ h& subscrib$ ! bond4 ,tw5ty ye>s pass$ away--! slave m>kets ( ! ,s\? 7 saturat$ ) ! blood ( ,african bondage1 & f midnight ( ! #ca/ ( ,decemb]1 #ahjg1 n a slave f ,africa 0 suff]$ ev] m to be introduc$ ^u our soil4 ,b ! int]nal traffic 0 /ill lawful1 & ! bre$+ ,/ates soon reconcil$ !mselves to a prohibition :i* gave !m ! monopoly ( ! int]dict$ trade1 & !y jo9$ ! full *orus ( reprobation1 to puni% ) dea? ! slave-trad] f ,africa1 :ile !y *]i%$ & %ield$ & enjoy$ ! preci\s pr(its ( ! ,am]ican slave-trade exclusively to !mselves4 ,p]haps ?is unhappy result ( _! concession _h n altoge!r escap$ ! =esight ( ! freem5 ( ! ,nor?2 b _! int5se anxiety = ! pres]vation ( ! :ole ,union1 & ! habit already =m$ ( yield+ to ! some:at p]emptory & ov]be>+ tone :i* ! relation ( ma/] & slave welds into ! nature ( ! "l1 prevail$ ) !m to ov]look ?is consid]ation1 ! int]nal slave-trade hav+ sc>cely exi/$ :ile t ) ,africa _h be5 all[$4 ,b ( "o consequ5ce :i* has foll[$ f ! slave repres5tation1 p]vad+ ! :ole organic /ructure ( ! ,con/itution1 !y c]ta9ly 7 n presci5t2 = if !y _h be51 nev]--no1 nev] w\ld !y h cons5t$ to x4 ,! repres5tation1 o/5sibly ( slaves1 "u ! "n ( p]sons1 0 9 its op]ation an exclusive grant ( p[] to "o class ( proprietors1 own]s ( "o species ( prop]ty1 to ! detrim5t ( all ! re/ ( ! community4 ,?is species ( prop]ty 0 odi\s 9 its nature1 held 9 direct violation ( ! natural & inali5able rights ( man1 & ( ! vital pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity2 x 0 all accumulat$ 9 "o geographical section ( ! c\ntry1 & 0 all held by weal?y m51 comp>atively small 9 numb]s1 n am\nt+ to a t5? "p ( ! free :ite population ( ! ,/ates 9 :i* x 0 conc5trat$4 ,9 "s ( ! anci5t1 & 9 "s mod]n republics1 extraord9>y political p[] & privileges h be5 inve/$ 9 ! own]s ( horses2 b !n ^! privileges & ^! p[]s h be5 grant$ = ! equival5t ( extraord9>y duties & s]vices to ! community1 requir$ ( ! fav\r$ class4 ,! ,roman knights con/itut$ ! cavalry ( _! armies1 & ! bu%els ( r+s ga!r$ by ,hannibal f _! dead bodies1 aft] ! battle ( ,cannae1 amply prove t ! special p[]s conf]r$ ^u !m 7 no gratuit\s grants4 ,b 9 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! political p[] inve/$ 9 ! own]s ( slaves is entirely gratuit\s4 ,no extraord9>y s]vice is requir$ ( !m2 !y are1 on ! contr>y1 !mselves griev\s burd5s ^u ! community1 always ?reat5$ ) ! dang] ( insurrections1 to be smo!r$ 9 ! blood ( bo? p>ties1 ma/] & slave1 & always depress+ ! condition ( ! poor free labor]1 by competition ) ! labor ( ! slave4 ,! prop]ty 9 horses 0 ! gift ( ,god to man1 at ! creation ( ! _w2 ! prop]ty 9 slaves is prop]ty acquir$ & held by crimes1 diff]+ 9 no moral aspect f ! pillage ( a freeboot]1 & to :i* no lapse ( "t c give a prescriptive "r4 ,y are told t ?is is no conc]n ( y\rs1 & t ! "q ( fre$om & slav]y is exclusively res]v$ to ! consid]ation ( ! sep>ate ,/ates4 ,b if x be s1 z to ! m]e "q ( "r betwe5 ma/] & slave1 x is ( trem5d\s conc]n to y t ?is little clu/] ( slave-own]s %\ld possess1 besides _! own %>e 9 ! repres5tative hall ( ! nation1 ! exclusive privilege ( appo9t+ two-fif?s ( ! :ole numb] ( ! repres5tatives ( ! p4 ,?is is n[ y\r condition1 "u t delusive ambiguity ( language & ( pr9ciple1 :i* beg9s by decl>+ ! repres5tation 9 ! popul> bran* ( ! legislature a repres5tation ( p]sons1 & !n provides t "o class ( p]sons %all h nei!r "p n lot 9 ! *oice ( _! repres5tatives2 b _! elective fran*ise %all be transf]r$ to _! ma/]s1 & ! oppressors %all repres5t ! oppress$4 ,! same p]v]sion ( ! repres5tative pr9ciple pollutes ! composition ( ! colleges ( electors ( ,presid5t & ,vice ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & e dep>tm5t ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,union is ?us ta9t$ at its s\rce by ! gangr5e ( slav]y4 ,fell[-citiz5s1--) a body ( m5 ?us compos$1 = legislators & executors ( ! laws1 :at w1 :at mu/ be1 :at has be5 y\r legislation8 ,! numb]s ( freem5 con/itut+ y\r nation are mu* great] ?an ^? ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 bond & free4 ,y h at lea/ ?ree-fif?s ( ! :ole population ( ! ,union4 ,y\r influ5ce on ! legislation & ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t ought to be 9 ! proportion ( ?ree to two4--,b h[ /&s ! fact8 ,besides ! legitimate portion ( influ5ce ex]cis$ by ! slavehold+ ,/ates by ! measure ( _! numb]s1 "h is an intrusive influ5ce 9 e dep>tm5t1 by a repres5tation nom9ally ( p]sons1 b really ( prop]ty1 o/5sibly ( slaves1 b effectively ( _! ma/]s1 ov]balanc+ y\r sup]iority ( numb]s1 add+ two-fif?s ( supplem5t>y p[] to ! two-fif?s fairly secur$ to !m by ! compact1 ,,controll+ ,,& ,,ov]rul+ ,,! ,,:ole ,,action ,,( ,,y\r ,,gov]nm5t ,,at ,,home ,,& ,,abroad1 & w>p+ x to ! sordid private int]e/ & oppressive policy ( #cjj1jjj own]s ( slaves4 ,f ! "t ( ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! in/itution ( dome/ic slav]y has be5 becom+ m & m ! abhorr5ce ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,b 9 proportion z x has be5 gr[+ odi\s to all ! re/ ( mank9d1 x has be5 s9k+ deep] & deep] into ! affections ( ! hold]s ( slaves !mselves4 ,! cultivation ( cotton & ( sug>1 unkn[n 9 ! ,union at ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,con/itution1 has add$ l>gely to ! pecuni>y value ( ! slave4 ,& ! suppression ( ! ,african slave-trade z piracy ^u pa9 ( dea?1 by secur+ ! b5efit ( a monopoly to ! virtu\s slavehold]s ( ! anci5t dom9ion1 has turn$ h] h]oic tyrannicides into a community ( slave-bre$]s = sale1 & conv]t$ ! l& ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 ,patrick ,h5ry1 ,ri*>d ,h5ry ,lee1 & ,?omas ,jeff]son1 into a great b>racoon--a cattle-%[ ( human be+s1 an emporium1 ( :i* ! /aple articles ( m]*&ise are ! fle% & blood1 ! bones & s9ews ( immortal man4 ,( ! increas+ abom9ation ( slav]y 9 ! unb\ght he>ts ( m5 at ! "t :5 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 =m$1 :at cle>] pro( c\ld be desir$1 ?an t ! v same ye> 9 :i* t *>t] ( ! l& 0 issu$1 ! ,congress ( ! ,conf$]ation1 ) n a ti! ( ! p[]s giv5 by ! p to ! ,congress ( ! new compact1 actually aboli%$ slav]y = ev] ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,nor?we/]n t]ritory1 )\t a remon/rance or a murmur4 ,b 9 ! articles ( conf$]ation1 !re 0 no gu>anty = ! prop]ty ( ! slavehold]--no d\ble repres5tation ( him 9 ! ,f$]al c\ncils--no p[] ( taxation--no /ipulation = ! recov]y ( fugitive slaves4 ,b :5 ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t came to be delegat$ to ! ,union1 ! ,s\?--t is1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia--refus$ _! subscription to ! p>*m5t1 till x %\ld be saturat$ ) ! infection ( slav]y1 :i* no fumigation c\ld purify1 no qu>ant9e c\ld ext+ui%4 ,! freem5 ( ! ,nor? gave way1 & ! deadly v5om ( slav]y 0 infus$ into ! ,con/itution ( fre$om4 ,its fir/ consequ5ce has be5 to inv]t ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ,democracy1 t ! w ( ! majority ( numb]s %all rule ! l&4 ,by means ( ! d\ble repres5tation1 ! m9ority comm& ! :ole1 & a ,,knot ,,( ,,slavehold]s ,,give ,,! ,,law ,,& ,,prescribe ,,! ,,policy ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry4 ,to acquire ?is sup]iority ( a l>ge majority ( freem51 a p]sev]+ sy/em ( engross+ ne>ly all ! seats ( p[] & place1 is con/antly = a long s]ies ( ye>s pursu$1 & y h se51 9 a p]iod ( fifty-six ye>s1 ! ,*ief-magi/racy ( ! ,union held1 dur+ =ty-f\r ( !m1 by ! own]s ( slaves4 ,! ,executive dep>tm5ts1 ! ,army & ,navy1 ! ,supreme ,judicial ,c\rt & diplomatic missions abroad1 all pres5t ! same spectacle3--an imm5se majority ( p[] 9 ! h&s ( a v small m9ority ( ! p--millions made = a fraction ( a few ?\s&s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f t day 7#ahcj71 ,,slav]y1 ,,slavehold+1 ,,slave-,,bre$+ ,,& ,,slave-,,trad+1 ,,h ,,=m$ ,,! ,,:ole ,,f\ndation ,,( ,,! ,,policy ,,( ,,! ,,f$]al ,,gov]nm5t1 & ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 at home & abroad2 & at ! v "t :5 a new c5sus has exhibit$ a l>ge increase ^u ! sup]ior numb]s ( ! free ,/ates1 x has pres5t$ ! port5t\s evid5ce ( increas$ influ5ce & asc5dancy ( ! slavehold+ p[]4 ,( ! preval5ce ( t p[]1 y h _h cont9ual & conclusive evid5ce 9 ! suppression = ! space ( t5 ye>s ( ! "r ( petition1 gu>anti$1 if !re c\ld be a gu>antee aga9/ slav]y1 by ! fir/ article am5datory ( ! ,con/itution4 ,no4 #ac4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,on ,,! ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,free ,,p ,,( ,,color ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is ,no4 conta9s #a-a_/b %eet4--,po/age1 "u #ajj miles1 #b-a_/b cts4 ov] #ajj1 #c cts4 ,please ,read & circulate4 ,,on ,,! ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,free ,,p ,,( ,,color4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x appe>s f ! c5sus ( #ahcj1 t !re 7 !n #cai1dfg free color$ p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! numb] _c be less ?an #cfj1jjj4 ,fifte5 ,/ates ( ! ,f$]al ,union h ea* a small] population ?an ?is aggregate4 ,h5ce if ! :ole mass ( human be+s inhabit+ ,connecticut1 or ,new ,j]sey1 or any o!r ( ^! fifte5 ,/ates1 7 subject$ to ! ignorance1 & degradation1 & p]secution & t]ror we are ab\t to describe1 z ! lot ( ?is mu* injur$ p1 ! am\nt ( suff]+ w\ld /ill be num]ically less ?an t inflict$ by a pr(ess$ly ,*ri/ian & republican community ^u ! free negroes4 ,c&or1 h[ev]1 compels u to admit t1 deplorable z is _! condition1 x is /ill n s wret*$ z ,colonizationi/s & slavehold]s1 = obvi\s reasons1 are fond ( repres5t+ x4 ,x is n true t free negroes are m vici\s & mis]able ?an slaves c be1#ig nor t x w\ld be z humane to ?r[ slaves f ! decks ( ! middle passage1 z to set !m free 9 ?is c\ntry1#ih nor t a sudd5 & univ]sal emancipation )\t colonization1 w\ld be a great] ,,curse to ! slaves !mselves1 ?an ! bondage 9 :i* !y are held4 ,footnote #ig3 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,bacon1 ( ,new ,hav51 #g ,rep4 ,am4 ,col4 ,soc4 p4 #ii4 ,footnote #ih3 ,african ,repository1 ,vol4 ,,iv4 p4 #bbf4 ,x is a little s+ul>1 t 9 utt] despite ( ^! ra% ass]tions slavehold]s & colonizationi/s unite 9 assur+ u1 t ! slaves are r5d]$ discont5t$ by witness+ ! fre$om ( _! color$ bre?r52 & h5ce we are urg$ to assi/ 9 bani%+ to ,africa ^! sable & dang]\s mem5toes ( lib]ty4 ,we all "k t ! wife & *ildr5 ( ! free negro are n ord9>ily sold 9 ! m>ket--t he himself does n toil "u ! la%1 & t 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( our c\ntry he is p]mitt$ to acquire "s intellig5ce1 & to enjoy "s com=ts1 utt]ly & univ]sally d5i$ to ! slave4 ,/ill x is mo/ unque/ionable1 t ^! p griev\sly suff] f a cruel & wick$ prejudice--cruel 9 its consequ5ces2 wick$ 9 its volunt>y adoption1 & its malignant "*4 ,colonizationi/s h tak5 great pa9s to inculcate ! op9ion t prejudice aga9/ color is implant$ 9 our nature by ! ,au?or ( our be+2 & :5ce !y inf] ! futility ( e ef=t to elevate ! color$ man 9 ?is c\ntry1 & consequ5tly ! duty & b5evol5ce ( s5d+ him to ,africa1 beyond ! rea* ( our cruelty4#ii ,! !ory is z false 9 fact z x is d]ogatory to ! "* ( t ,god :om we are told is ,,love4 ,) :at a/oni%m5t & disgu/ %\ld we behold an e>?ly p>5t excit+ feuds & animosities among 8 own *ildr52 yet we are assur$1 & t too by pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians1 t our heav5ly ,fa!r has implant$ a pr9ciple ( hatr$1 repulsion & ali5ation betwe5 c]ta9 portions ( 8 family on e>?1 & !n comm&$ !m1 z if 9 mock]y1 to love "o ano!r4 ,footnote #ii3 ,prejudices1 :i* nei!r ref9em5t1 nor argum5t1 nor education1 ,,nor ,,religion ,,itself c subdue1 m>k ! p ( color1 :e!r bond or free1 z ! subjects ( a degradation inevitable & incurable4--,address ( ! ,connecticut ,col4 ,society4 ,! manag]s consid] x cle> t causes exi/1 & are n[ op]at+1 to prev5t _! improvem5t & elevation to any consid]able ext5t z a class 9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* are fix$1 n only beyond ! control ( ! fri5ds ( humanity1 b ( any human p[]3 ,,*ri/ianity _c d = !m "h1 :at x w d = !m 9 ,africa4 ,?is is n ! fault ( ! color$ man1 nor ( ! :ite man1 b an ,,ord9ation ,,( ,,provid5ce1 & no m to be *ang$ ?an ! laws ( nature4--#ae ,rep4 ,am4 ,col4 ,soc4 p4 #dg4 ,! p ( color mu/1 9 ?is c\ntry1 rema9 = ages1 probably = ev]1 a sep>ate & di/9ct ca/e1 weigh$ d[n by causes p[]ful1 univ]sal1 inv9cible1 :i* nei!r legislation nor ,,*ri/ianity c remove4--,african ,repository ,vol4 ,,viii4 p4 #aif4 ,d !y 7! abolitioni/s7 n p]ceive t 9 ?us conf\nd+ all ! di/9ctions :i* ,,god himself has made1 !y arraign ! wisdom & goodness ( ,provid5ce itself8 ,x has be5 ,8 div9e pleasure1 to make ! black man black1 & ! :ite man :ite1 & to di/+ui% !m by o!r repulsive con/itutional diff]5ces4--,spee* 9 ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,febru>y #g1 #ahci1 by ,,h5ry ,,clay1 ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,am4 ,,col4 ,,soc4 ,9 va9 d we seek 9 nature1 = ! orig9 ( ?is prejudice4 ,"y *ildr5 nev] betray x1 & on ! cont95t ( ,europe x is unkn[n4 ,we are n speak+ ( matt]s ( ta/e1 or ( op9ions ( p]sonal beauty1 b ( a prejudice aga9/ complexion1 lead+ to insult1 degradation & oppression4 ,9 no c\ntry 9 ,europe is any man exclud$ f ref9$ society1 or depriv$ ( lit]>y1 religi\s1 or political privileges on acc\nt ( ! t9cture ( 8 sk94 ,if ?is prejudice is ! fiat ( ! ,almighty1 mo/ wond]ful is x1 t ( all ! k9dr$s ( ! e>?1 none h be5 f\nd submissive to ! heav5ly impulse1 except+ ! :ite inhabitants ( ,nor? ,am]ica2 & ( ^!1 x is no less /range ?an true1 t ?is div9e pr9ciple ( repulsion is mo/ en]getic 9 su* p]sons z1 9 o!r respects1 are ! lea/ obs]vant ( _! ,mak]'s w4 ,?is prejudice is sometimes errone\sly reg>d$ z ! cause ( slav]y2 & "s zeal\s advocates ( emancipation h flatt]$ !mselves t1 c\ld ! prejudice be de/roy$1 negro slav]y w\ld fall ) x4 ,su* p]sons h v inadequate ideas ( ! malignity ( slav]y4 ,!y =get t ! slaves 9 ,greece & ,rome 7 ( ! same hue z _! ma/]s2 & t at ! ,s\?1 ! value ( a slave1 especially ( a female1 rises1 z ! complexion rec$es f ! ,african /&>d4 ,7 we to inquire into ! geography ( ?is prejudice1 we %\ld f9d t ! localities 9 :i* x atta9s its ranke/ luxuriance1 are n ! rice swamps ( ,georgia1 nor ! sug> fields ( ,l\isiana1 b ! hills & valleys ( ,new ,engl&1 & ! prairies ( ,ohio6 ,x is a fact ( ackn[l$g$ notoriety1 t h[ev] sev]e may be ! laws aga9/ color$ p at ! ,s\?1 ! prejudice aga9/ _! p]sons is f> weak] ?an among ourselves4 ,x is n necess>y = our pres5t purpose1 to ent] into a p>ticul> inve/igation ( ! condition ( ! free negroes 9 ! slave ,/ates4 ,we all "k t !y suff] e =m ( oppression :i* ! laws c inflict ^u p]sons n actually slaves4 ,t unju/ & cruel enactm5ts %\ld proce$ f a p :o keep two millions ( _! fell[ m5 9 abject bondage1 & :o believe su* enactm5ts ess5tial to ! ma9t5ance ( _! despotism1 c]ta9ly af=ds no cause = surprise4 ,we turn to ! free ,/ates1 :]e slav]y has n directly /eel$ our he>ts aga9/ human suff]+1 & :]e no suppos$ dang] ( insurrection af=ds a pretext = keep+ ! free blacks 9 ignorance & degradation2 & we ask1 :at is ! "* ( ! prejudice aga9/ color "h8 ,let ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,bacon1 ( ,connecticut1 answ] ! "q4 ,?is g5tleman1 9 a v9dication ( ! ,colonization ,society1 assures u1 ,! ,soodra is n f>!r sep>at$ f ! ,brahim 9 reg>d to all 8 privileges1 civil1 intellectual1 & moral1 ?an ! negro f ! :ite man by ! prejudices :i* result f ! diff]5ce made betwe5 !m by ,,! ,,god ,,( ,,nature4--7,rep4 ,am4 ,col4 ,soc4 p4 #hg47 ,we may "h notice ! v opposite effect produc$ on ,abolitioni/s & ,colonizationi/s1 by ! consid]ation t ?is diff]5ce is made by ! ,,god ,,( ,,nature2 lead+ ! "o to disc>d ! prejudice1 & ! o!r to bani% its victims4 ,) ^! prelim9>y rem>ks we w n[ proce$ to take a view ( ! condition ( ! free p ( color 9 ! non-slavehold+ ,/ates2 & w consid] 9 ord]1 ! v>i\s disabilities & oppressions to :i* !y are subject$1 ei!r by law or ! cu/oms ( society4 #a4 ,,g5]al ,,exclusion ,,f ,,! ,,elective ,,fran*ise4 ,7 ?is exclusion f\nd$ on ! want ( prop]ty1 or any o!r qualification deem$ ess5tial to ! judici\s ex]cise ( ! fran*ise1 x w\ld af=d no j cause ( compla9t2 b x is f\nd$ solely on ! color ( ! sk91 & is !re=e irrational & unju/4 ,t taxation & repres5tation %\ld be insep>able1 0 "o ( ! axioms ( ! fa!rs ( our revolution2 & "o ( ! reasons !y assign$ = _! revolt f ! cr[n ( ,brita94 ,b n[1 x is deem$ a m>k ( fanaticism to compla9 ( ! disfran*isem5t ( a :ole race1 :ile !y rema9 subject to ! burd5 ( taxation4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t ( ! ?irte5 orig9al ,/ates1 only two 7 s recreant to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,revolution1 z to make a :ite sk9 a qualification = suffrage4 ,b ! prejudice has gr[n ) our gr[?1 & /r5g!n$ ) our /r5g?2 & x is believ$ t 9 e ,/ate con/itution subsequ5tly =m$ or revis$1except+ ,v]mont & ,ma9e1 & ! ,revis$ con/itution ( ,massa*usetts1 ! crime ( a d>k complexion has be5 puni%$1 by deb>r+ its possessor f all approa* to ! ballot-box4#ajj ,! necess>y effect ( ?is proscription 9 aggravat+ ! oppression & degradation ( ! color$ inhabitants mu/ be obvi\s to all :o call to m9d ! solicitude manife/$ by demagogues1 & (fice-seek]s1 & law mak]s1 to propitiate ! good w ( all :o h votes to be/[4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,f ?is rem>k ! revis$ con/itution ( ,new ,york is nom9ally an exception2 color$ citiz5s1 possess+ a freehold wor? two hundr$ & fifty doll>s1 be+ all[$ to vote2 :ile suffrage is ext5d$ to :ite citiz5s )\t any prop]ty qualification4 #b4 ,,d5ial ,,( ,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,locomotion4 ,x is 9 va9 t ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates expressly gu>antees to ! citiz5s ( ea* ,/ate1 all ! privileges & immunities ( citiz5s 9 ! sev]al ,/ates3--,x is 9 va9 t ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has solemnly decid$ t ?is clause conf]s on e citiz5 ( "o ,/ate ! "r to pass ?r\gh1 or reside 9 any o!r ,/ate = ! purposes ( trade1 agriculture1 pr(essional pursuits1 or o!rwise4 ,x is 9 va9 t ! memb]s ( ! sev]al ,/ate legislatures are requir$ to be b\nd by oa? or affirmation to support ! con/itution conf]r+ ?is v gu>antee4 ,con/itutions1 & judicial decisions1 & religi\s obligations are alike outrag$ by our ,/ate enactm5ts aga9/ p ( color4 ,!re is sc>cely a slave ,/ate 9 :i* a citiz5 ( ,new ,york1 ) a d>k sk91 may visit a dy+ *ild )\t subject+ himself to legal p5alties4 ,b 9 ! slave ,/ates we look = cruelty2 we expect ! rights ( humanity & ! laws ( ! l& to be sacrific$ on ! alt> ( slav]y4 ,9 ! free ,/ates we _h reason to hope = a great] def]5ce to dec5cy & morality4 ,yet ev5 9 ^! ,/ates we behold ! effects ( a miasma waft$ f ! ,s\?4 ,! ,connecticut ,black ,act1 prohibit+1 "u heavy p5alties1 ! in/ruction ( any color$ p]son f ano!r ,/ate1 is well kn[n4 ,x is "o ( ! enc\rag+ signs ( ! times1 t public op9ion has rec5tly compell$ ! repeal ( ?is dete/able law4 ,b among all ! free ,/ates1 ,,ohio /&s pre-em95t = ! wick$ness ( h] /atutes aga9/ ?is class ( our population4 ,^! /atutes are n m]ely infam\s outrages on e pr9ciple ( ju/ice & humanity1 b are gross & palpable violations ( ! ,/ate con/itution1 & manife/ an abs5ce ( moral s5tim5t 9 ! ,ohio legislature z deplorable z x is al>m+4 ,we speak ! language1 n ( passion1 b ( sob] conviction2 & = ! tru? ( ?is language we appeal1 fir/1 to ! ,/atutes !mselves1 & !n to ! consci5ces ( our read]s4 ,we %all h occasion to notice ^! laws "u ! sev]al divisions ( our subject to :i* !y belong2 at pres5t we ask att5tion to ! "o int5d$ to prev5t ! color$ citiz5s ( o!r ,/ates f remov+ into ,ohio4 ,by ! con/itution ( ,new ,york1 ! color$ inhabitants are expressly recogniz$ z citiz5s4 ,let u suppose !n a ,new ,york freehold] & vot] ( ?is class1 confid+ 9 ! gu>antee giv5 by ! ,f$]al con/itution removes into ,ohio4 ,no matt] h[ mu* prop]ty he takes ) him2 no matt] :at atte/ations he produces to ! purity ( 8 "*1 he is requir$ by ! ,act ( #ahjg1 to f9d1 )9 tw5ty days1 two freehold sureties 9 ! sum ( five hundr$ doll>s = 8 good behavior2 & likewise = 8 ma9t5ance1 %\ld he at any future p]iod f any cause :atev] be unable to ma9ta9 himself1 & 9 default ( procur+ su* sureties he is to be remov$ by ! ov]se]s ( ! poor4 ,! legislature well knew t x w\ld g5]ally be utt]ly impossible = a /rang]1 & especially a black /rang]1 to f9d su* sureties4 ,x 0 ! design ( ! ,act1 by impos+ impracticable conditions1 to prev5t color$ emigrants f rema9+ )9 ! ,/ate2 & 9 ord] m c]ta9ly to effect ?is object1 x imposes a pecuni>y p5alty on e inhabitant :o %all v5ture to h>bor1 t is1 receive "u 8 ro(1 or :o %all ev5 employ an emigrant :o has n giv5 ! requir$ sureties2 & x moreov] r5d]s su* inhabitant s h>bor+ or employ+ him1 legally liable = 8 future ma9t5ance66 ,we are frequ5tly told t ! ef=ts ( ! abolitioni/s h 9 fact aggravat$ ! condition ( ! color$ p1 bond & free4 ,! date ( ?is law1 z well z ! date ( mo/ ( ! laws compos+ ! sev]al slave codes1 %[ :at cr$it is to be giv5 to ! ass]tion4 ,if a b>b>\s enactm5t is rec5t1 its odium is ?r[n ^u ! fri5ds ( ! blacks--if anci5t1 we are assur$ x is obsolete4 ,! ,ohio law 0 enact$ only f\r ye>s aft] ! ,/ate 0 admitt$ into ! ,union4 ,9 #ahjj !re 7 only ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-sev5 free blacks 9 ! t]ritory1 & 9 #ahcj ! numb] 9 ! ,/ate 0 n9e ?\s& five hundr$4 ,( c\rse a v l>ge proportion ( ! pres5t color$ population ( ! ,/ate mu/ h ent]$ x 9 ignorance ( ?is iniquit\s law1 or 9 defiance ( x4 ,t ! law has n be5 univ]sally en=c$1 proves only t ! p ( ,ohio are less pr(ligate ?an _! legislators--t x has rema9$ 9 ! /atute book = ?irty-two ye>s1 proves ! deprav$ /ate ( public op9ion & ! horrible p]secution to :i* ! color$ p are legally expos$4 ,b let x n be suppos$ t ?is vile law is 9 fact obsolete1 & its v exi/5ce =gott54 ,9 #ahbi1 a v g5]al ef=t 0 made to en=ce ?is law1 & ab\t "o ?\s& free blacks 7 9 consequ5ce ( x driv5 out ( ! ,/ate2 & s\ght a refuge 9 ! m free & ,*ri/ian c\ntry ( ,canada4 ,previ\s to _! dep>ture1 !y s5t a deputation to ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,upp] ,prov9ce1 to "k if !y w\ld be admitt$1 & receiv$ f ,sir ,james ,colebrook ?is reply1--,tell ! republicans on y\r side ( ! l9e1 t we royali/s d n "k m5 by _! color4 ,%\ld y come to u1 y w be entitl$ to all ! privileges ( ! re/ ( 8 maje/y's subjects4 ,?is 0 ! orig9 ( ! ,wilb]=ce colony 9 ,upp] ,canada4 ,we h n[ be=e u an ,ohio pap]1 conta9+ a proclamation by ,john ,s4 ,wiles1 ov]se] ( ! poor 9 ! t[n ( ,fairfield1 dat$ #ab? ,m>*1 #ahch4 ,9 ?is in/rum5t notice is giv5 to all black or mulatto p]sons resid+ 9 ,fairfield1 to comply ) ! requisitions ( ! ,act ( #ahjg )9 tw5ty days1 or ! law w\ld be en=c$ aga9/ !m4 ,! proclamation also addresses ! :ite inhabitants ( ,fairfield 9 ! foll[+ t]ms1--,:ites1 look out6 ,if any p]son or p]sons employ+ any black or mulatto p]son1 contr>y to ! #c;d section ( ! above law1 y may look out = ! break]s4 ,! extreme vulg>ity & malignity ( ?is notice indicates ! _s :i* gave bir? to ?is dete/able law1 & cont9ues x 9 be+4 ,n[ :at says ! con/itution ( ,ohio8 ,,all are born free & indep5d5t1 & h c]ta9 natural1 inh]5t1 inali5able rights2 among :i* are ! enjoy+ & def5d+ life & lib]ty1 acquir+1 possess+1 & protect+ prop]ty1 & pursu+ & atta9+ happ9ess & safety4 ,yet m5 :o _h call$ _! ,mak] to witness1 t !y w\ld obey ?is v con/itution1 require impracticable conditions1 & !n impose a pecuni>y p5alty & griev\s liabilities on e man :o %all give to an innoc5t fell[ c\ntryman a night's lodg+1 or ev5 a meal ( victuals 9 ex*ange = 8 hone/ labor6 #c4 ,,d5ial ,,( ,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,petition4 ,we explicitly disclaim all int5tion to imply t ! sev]al disabilities & cruelties we are specify+ are ( univ]sal application4 ,! laws ( "s ,/ates 9 relation to p ( color are m wick$ ?an o!rs2 & ! _s ( p]secution is n 9 e place equally active & malignant4 ,9 none ( ! free ,/ates h ^! p s _m grievances to compla9 ( z 9 ,ohio1 & = ! honor ( our c\ntry we rejoice to add1 t 9 no o!r ,/ate 9 ! ,union1 has _! "r to petition = a r$ress ( _! grievances be5 d5i$4 ,on ! #ad? ,janu>y1 #ahci1 a petition = relief f c]ta9 legal disabilities1 f color$ inhabitants ( ,ohio1 0 pres5t$ to ! popul> bran* ( ! legislature1 & its rejection 0 mov$ by ,george ,h4 ,flood4#aja ,?is rejection 0 n a d5ial ( ! pray]1 b an expulsion ( ! petition itself1 z an intrud] into ! h\se4 ,! "q pres5t$ = our decision1 said "o ( ! memb]s1 is simply ?is--,%all human be+s1 :o are b\nd by e enactm5t ^u our /atute book1 be p]mitt$ to reque/ ! legislature to modify or s(t5 ! laws "u :i* !y live8 ,to ! ,gr& ,sultan1 cr[d$ ) petitions z he trav]ses ! /reets ( ,con/ant9ople1 su* a "q w\ld seem mo/ /range2 b ,am]ican democrats c ex]t a tyranny ov] m5 :o h no votes1 utt]ly unkn[n to ,turki% despotism4 ,mr4 ,flood's motion 0 lo/ by a majority ( only f\r votes2 b ?is triumph ( humanity & republicanism 0 z transi5t z x 0 meagre4 ,! next day1 ! ,h\se1 by a l>ge majority1 resolv$3 ,t ! blacks & mulattoes :o may be resid5ts )9 ?is ,/ate1 h no con/itutional "r to pres5t _! petitions to ! ,g5]al ,assembly = any purpose :atsoev]1 & t any reception ( su* petitions on ! "p ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly is a m]e act ( privilege or policy1 & n impos$ by any express$ or impli$ p[] ( ! ,con/itution4 ,footnote #aja3 ,x is sometimes int]e/+ to pres]ve ! names ( individuals :o h p]petrat$ bold & unusual enormities4 ,! phraseology ( ?is resolution is z clumsy z its ass]tions are base & sophi/ical4 ,! mean+ int5d$ to be express$ is simply1 t ! ,con/itution ( ,ohio1 nei!r 9 t]ms nor by implication1 conf]s on su* resid5ts z are negroes or mulattoes1 any "r to (f] a petition to ! legislature = any object :atev]2 nor imposes on t body any obligation to notice su* a petition2 & :atev] att5tion x may please to be/[ ^u x1 ought to be reg>d$ z an act n ( duty1 b m]ely ( favor or exp$i5cy4 ,h5ce x is obvi\s1 t ! pr9ciple on :i* ! resolution is f\nd$ is1 t ! reciprocal "r & duty ( (f]+ & he>+ petitions re/ solely on con/itutional enactm5t1 & n on moral obligation4 ,! reception ( negro petitions is decl>$ to be a m]e act ( privilege or policy4 ,n[ x is difficult to imag9e a pr9ciple m utt]ly subv]sive ( all ! duties ( rul]s1 ! rights ( citiz5s1 & ! *>ities ( private life4 ,! victim ( oppression or fraud has no "r to appeal to ! con/itut$ au?orities = r$ress2 nor are ^? au?orities "u any obligation to consid] ! appeal--! ne$y & un=tunate h no "r to implore ! assi/ance ( _! m =tunate neighbors3 & all are at lib]ty to turn a deaf e> to ! cry ( di/ress4 ,! et]nal & immutable pr9ciples ( ju/ice & humanity1 proclaim$ by ,jehovah1 & impress$ by him on ! consci5ce ( man1 h no b9d+ =ce on ! legislature ( ,ohio1 unless expressly adopt$ & en=c$ by ! ,/ate ,con/itution6 ,b z ! legislature has ?\ght prop] ?us to set at defiance ! moral s5se ( mank9d1 & to take refuge beh9d ! enactm5ts ( ! ,con/itution1 let u try ! /r5g? ( _! entr5*m5ts4 ,! words ( ! ,con/itution1 :i* x is pret5d$ sanction ! resolution we are consid]+ are ! foll[+1 viz4--,! p h a "r to assemble toge!r 9 a peaceable mann] to consult = _! common good1 to in/ruct _! repres5tatives1 & to apply to ! legislature = a r$ress ( grievances4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is clause conf]s no rights1 b is m]ely decl>atory ( exi/+ rights4 ,/ill1 z ! "r ( ! p to apply = a r$ress ( grievances is c\pl$ ) ! "r ( in/ruct+ _! repres5tatives1 & z negroes are n electors & consequ5tly are )\t repres5tatives1 x is inf]r$ t !y are n "p ( ! p4 ,t ,ohio legislators are n ,*ri/ians w\ld be a m rational conclusion4 ,"o ( ! memb]s av[$ 8 op9ion t none b vot]s _h a "r to petition4 ,if !n1 accord+ to ! pr9ciple ( ! resolution1 ! ,con/itution ( ,ohio d5ies ! "r ( petition to all b electors1 let u consid] ! practical results ( su* a d5ial4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 e female 9 ! ,/ate is plac$ "u ! same disability ) blacks & mulattoes4 ,no wife has a "r to ask = a divorce--no daught] may plead = a fa!r's life4 ,next1 no man "u tw5ty-"o ye>s--no citiz5 ( any age1 :o f want ( suffici5t resid5ce1 or o!r qualification1 is n entitl$ to vote--no individual among ! t5s ( ?\s&s ( ali5s 9 ! ,/ate--h[ev] oppress$ & wrong$ by (ficial tyranny or corruption1 has a "r to seek r$ress f ! repres5tatives ( ! p1 & %\ld he presume to d s1 may be told1 t1 l blacks & mulattoes1 he has no con/itutional "r to pres5t 8 petition to ! ,g5]al ,assembly = any purpose :atev]4 ,aga9--! ,/ate ( ,ohio is deeply indebt$ to ! citiz5s ( o!r ,/ates1 & also to ! subjects ( ,great ,brita9 = money borr[$ to con/ruct h] canals4 ,%\ld any ( ^! cr$itors lose _! c]tificates ( debt1 & ask = _! r5ewal2 or %\ld _! int]e/ be )held1 or paid 9 depreciat$ curr5cy1 & 7 !y to ask = ju/ice at ! h&s ( ! legislature1 !y might be told1 t any att5tion paid to _! reque/ mu/ be reg>d$ z a m]e act ( privilege or policy1 & n impos$ by any express$ or impli$ p[] ( ! ,con/itution1 =1 n be+ vot]s1 !y /ood on ! same gr\nd z blacks & mulattoes4 ,su* is ! folly & wick$ness 9 :i* prejudice aga9/ color has involv$ ! legislators ( a republican & pr(ess$ly ,*ri/ian ,/ate 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 #d4 ,,exclusion ,,f ,,! ,,army ,,& ,,militia4 ,! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t is probably ! only "o 9 ! _w t =bids a portion ( its subjects to p>ticipate 9 ! national def5ce1 n f any d\bts ( _! c\rage1 loyalty1 or physical /r5g?1 b m]ely on acc\nt ( ! t9cture ( _! sk96 ,to su* an absurd ext5t is ?is prejudice aga9/ color c>ri$1 t "s ( our militia companies h occasionally refus$ to m>* to ! s\nd ( a drum :5 beat5 by a black man4 ,to decl>e a c]ta9 class ( ! community unwor?y to be> arms 9 def5ce ( _! native c\ntry1 is necess>ily to consign t class to g5]al contempt4 #e4 ,,exclusion ,,f ,,all ,,p>ticipation ,,9 ,,! ,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,ju/ice4 ,no color$ man c be a judge1 juror1 or con/able4 ,7 ! tal5ts & acquirem5ts ( a ,mansfield or a ,m>%all veil$ 9 a sable sk91 !y w\ld be exclud$ f ! b5* ( ! humble/ c\rt 9 ! ,am]ican republic4 ,9 ! slave ,/ates g5]ally1 no black man c ent] a c\rt ( ju/ice z a witness aga9/ a :ite "o4 ,( c\rse a :ite man may1 ) p]fect impunity1 defraud or abuse a negro to any ext5t1 provid$ he is c>eful to avoid ! pres5ce ( any ( 8 own ca/e1 at ! execution ( 8 contract1 or ! indulg5ce ( 8 malice4 ,we are n aw>e t an outrage s flagrant is sanction$ by ! laws ( any free ,/ate1 ) "o exception4 ,t exception ! read] w readily believe c be none o!r ?an ,,ohio4 ,a /atute ( ?is ,/ate enacts1 t no black or mulatto p]son or p]sons %all h]eaft] be p]mitt$ to be sworn1 or give evid5ce 9 any c\rt ( ,record or else:]e1 9 ?is ,/ate1 9 any cause dep5d+1 or matt] ( controv]sy1 :5 ei!r p>ty to ! same is a ,,:ite p]son2 or 9 any prosecution ( ! ,/ate aga9/ any ,,:ite p]son4 ,we h se5 t on ! subject ( petition ! legislature reg>ds itself z indep5d5t ( all obligation except su* z is impos$ by ! ,con/itution4 ,h[ m9dful !y are ( ! requirem5ts ev5 ( t in/rum5t1 :5 ob$i5ce to !m w\ld *eck ! indulg5ce ( _! malignity to ! blacks1 appe>s f ! #g? ,section ( ! #h? ,article1 viz4--,all c\rts %all be op51 & e p]son1 = any injury done him 9 8 l&s1 goods1 p]son or reputation1 %all h rem$y by due c\rse ( law1 & "r & ju/ice adm9i/]$ )\t d5ial or delay4 ,ohio legislators may d5y t negroes & mulattoes are citiz5s1 or p2 b !y are e/opp$ by ! v words ( ! /atute j quot$1 f d5y+ t !y are p]sons4 ,n[1 by ! ,con/itution e p]son1 black z well z :ite1 is to h ju/ice adm9i/]$ to him )\t d5ial or delay4 ,b by ! law1 :ile any unkn[n :ite vagrant may be a witness 9 any case :atev]1 no black suitor is p]mitt$ to (f] a witness ( 8 own color1 h[ev] well e/abli%$ may be 8 "* = intellig5ce & v]acity1 to prove 8 rights or 8 wrongs2 & h5ce 9 a multitude ( cases1 ju/ice is d5i$ 9 despite ( ! ,con/itution2 & :y d5i$8 ,solely f a fooli% & wick$ prejudice aga9/ color4 #f4 ,,imp$im5ts ,,to ,,education4 ,no p h ev] pr(ess$ s deep a conviction ( ! importance ( popul> education z ourselves1 & no p h ev] resort$ to su* cruel exp$i5ts to p]petuate abject ignorance4 ,m ?an "o ?ird ( ! :ole population ( ! slave ,/ates are prohibit$ f le>n+ ev5 to read1 & 9 "s ( !m free m51 if ) d>k complexions1 are subject to /ripes = tea*+ _! own *ildr54 ,if we turn to ! free ,/ates1 we f9d t 9 all ( !m1 )\t exception1 ! prejudices & cu/oms ( society oppose almo/ insup]able ob/acles to ! acquisition ( a lib]al education by color$ y\?4 ,our academies & colleges are b>r$ aga9/ !m4 ,we "k !re are in/ances ( "y m5 ) d>k sk9s hav+ be5 receiv$1 "u peculi> circum/ances1 into nor!rn colleges2 b we nei!r "k nor believe1 t !re h be5 a doz5 su* in/ances )9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s4 ,color$ *ildr5 are v g5]ally exclud$ f our common s*ools1 9 consequ5ce ( ! prejudices ( tea*]s & p>5ts4 ,9 "s ( our cities !re are s*ools exclusively = _! use1 b 9 ! c\ntry ! color$ population is usually too sp>se to ju/ify su* s*ools2 & :ite & black *ildr5 are r>ely se5 /udy+ "u ! same ro(2 al?\gh su* cases d sometimes occur1 & !n !y are conf9$ to elem5t>y s*ools4 ,"s color$ "y m51 :o c\ld be> ! exp5se1 h obta9$ 9 ,european sem9>ies ! education d5i$ !m 9 _! native l&4 ,x may n be useless to cite an in/ance ( ! malignity ) :i* ! education ( ! blacks is oppos$4 ,! ef=ts made 9 ,connecticut to prev5t ! e/abli%m5t ( s*ools ( a high] ord] ?an usual = color$ pupils1 are too well kn[n to ne$ a recital "h2 & h] ,,black ,,act1 prohibit+ ! in/ruction ( color$ *ildr5 f o!r ,/ates1 al?\gh n[ expung$ f h] /atute book ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( abolitioni/s1 w long be rememb]$ to ! opprobrium ( h] citiz5s4 ,we ask att5tion to ! foll[+ illu/ration ( public op9ion 9 ano!r ,new ,engl& ,/ate4 ,9 #ahcd an academy 0 built by subscription 9 ,,canaan1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 & a *>t] grant$ by ! legislature2 & at a meet+ ( ! proprietors x 0 det]m9$ to receive all applicants hav+ suitable moral & intellectual recomm5dations1 )\t o!r di/9ctions2 9 o!r words1 )\t ref]5ce to complexion4 ,:5 ?is det]m9ation 0 made kn[n1 a ,,t[n ,,meet+ 0 =?) conv5$1 & ! foll[+ resolutions adopt$1 viz4 ,,resolv$1 ,t we view ) abhorr5ce ! attempt ( ! ,abolitioni/s to e/abli% 9 ?is t[n a s*ool = ! in/ruction ( ! sable sons & daught]s ( ,africa1 9 common ) our sons & daught]s4 ,,resolv$1 ,t we w n associate )1 nor 9 any way c\nt5ance1 any man or woman :o %all h]eaft] p]si/ 9 attempt+ to e/abli% a s*ool 9 ?is t[n = ! exclusive education ( blacks1 or = _! education 9 conjunction ) ! :ites4 ,! frankness ( ?is la/ resolve is comm5dable4 ,! inhabitants ( ,canaan1 assembl$ 9 legal t[n meet+1 det]m9$1 x seems1 t ! blacks among !m %\ld 9 future h no education :atev]--!y %\ld n be in/ruct$ 9 company ) ! :ites1 nei!r %\ld !y h s*ools exclusively = !mselves4 ,! proprietors ( ! academy suppos+1 9 ! simplicity ( _! he>ts1 t 9 a free c\ntry !y might use _! prop]ty 9 any mann] n =bidd5 by law1 proce$$ to op5 _! s*ool1 & 9 ! ensu+ spr+ _h tw5ty-eight :ite1 & f\rte5 color$ s*ol>s4 ,! crisis _h n[ arriv$ :5 ! cause ( prejudice dem&$ ! sacrifice ( con/itutional lib]ty & ( private prop]ty4 ,ano!r t[n meet+ 0 convok$1 at :i*1 )\t a %ad[ ( au?ority1 & 9 utt] contempt ( law & dec5cy1 x 0 ord]$1 t ! academy %\ld be =cibly remov$1 & a committee 0 appo9t$ to execute ! abom9able m&ate4 ,due prep>ations 7 made = ! occasion1 & on ! #aj? ( ,augu/1 ?ree hundr$ m51 ) ab\t #bjj ox51 assembl$ at ! place1 & tak+ ! edifice f (f its f\ndation1 dragg$ x to a di/ance1 & left x a ru94 ,no "o ( ! actors 9 ?is high-h&$ outrage 0 ev] br\ght be=e a c\rt ( ju/ice to answ] = ?is crim9al & riot\s de/ruction ( ! prop]ty ( o!rs4 ,! transaction we h n>rat$1 expresses 9 emphatic t]ms ! deep & settl$ ho/ility felt 9 ! free ,/ates to ! education ( ! blacks4 ,! prejudices ( ! community r5d] t ho/ility g5]ally effective )\t ! aid ( legal enactm5ts4 ,inde$1 "s rema9+ reg>d to dec5cy & ! op9ion ( ! _w1 has re/ra9$ ! ,legislatures ( ! free ,/ates1 ) "o exception1 f consign+ ^! unhappy p to ignorance by decree+ unrighte\s decrees1 & fram+ mis*ief by a law4 ,our read]s1 no d\bt1 feel t ! exception mu/ ( c\rse be ,,ohio4 ,we h se5 ) :at def]5ce ,ohio legislators pr(ess to reg>d _! con/itutional obligations2 & we are n[ to contemplate ano!r in/ance ( _! %ameless violation ( !m4 ,! ,con/itution :i* ^! m5 h sworn to obey decl>es1 ,,no ,,law ,,%all ,,be ,,pass$ to prev5t ! poor ( ! sev]al t[n%ips & c\nties 9 ?is ,/ate f an equal p>ticipation 9 ! s*ools1 academies1 colleges1 & univ]sities 9 ?is ,/ate1 :i* are end[$ 9 :ole1 or 9 "p1 f ! rev5ue aris+ f donations made by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = ! support ( colleges & s*ools--& ! door ( said s*ools1 academies1 & univ]sities %all be op5 = ! reception ( s*ol>s1 /ud5ts1 & tea*]s ( e grade1 )\t ,,any ,,di/9ction ,,or ,,pref]5ce ,,:atev]4 ,c language be m explicit or unequivocal8 ,b h any donations be5 made by ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! support ( colleges & s*ools 9 ,ohio8 ,yes--by an act ( ,congress1 ! sixte5? section ( l& 9 ea* orig9ally survey$ t[n%ip 9 ! ,/ate1 0 set ap>t z a donation = ! express purpose ( end[+ & support+ common s*ools4 ,& n[1 h[ h ! scrupul\s legislators ( ,ohio1 :o refuse to ackn[l$ge any o!r ?an con/itutional obligations to give e> to ! cry ( di/ress--h[ h !y obey$ ?is injunction ( ! ,con/itution respect+ ! fre$om ( _! s*ools8 ,!y enact$ a law 9 #ahca1 decl>+ t1 :5 any appropriation %all be made by ! directors ( any s*ool di/rict1 f ! treasury !re(1 = ! paym5t ( a tea*]1 ! s*ool 9 su* di/rict %all be op5--to :om8 to s*ol>s1 /ud5ts1 & tea*]s ( e grade1 )\t di/9ction or pref]5ce :atev]1 z comm&$ by ! ,con/itution8 ,oh no6 ,%all be op5 to all ! ,,:ite *ildr5 resid+ !re966 ,su* is ! impot5cy ( writt5 con/itutions1 :]e a s5se ( moral obligation is want+ to en=ce !m4 ,we h n[ tak5 a review ( ! ,ohio laws aga9/ free p ( color4 ,"s ( !m are ( old1 & o!rs ( rec5t date4 ,! op9ion ent]ta9$ ( all ^! laws1 new & old1 by ! pres5t legislators ( ,ohio1 may be le>n$ by a resolution adopt$ 9 ,janu>y la/1 7#ahci7 by bo? h\ses ( ! legislature4 ,,resolv$1 ,t 9 ! op9ion ( ?is g5]al assembly x is unwise1 impolitic1 & inexp$i5t to repeal any law n[ 9 =ce impos+ disabilities ^u black or mulatto p]sons1 ?us plac+ !m ^u an equality ) ! :ites1 s f> z ?is legislature c d1 & indirectly invit+ ! black population ( o!r ,/ates to emigrate to ?is1 to ! manife/ injury ( ! public int]e/4 ,! be/ comm5t on ! _s :i* dictat$ ?is resolve is an enactm5t by ! same legislature1 abrogat+ ! supreme law :i* requires u to ,d unto o!rs z we w\ld !y %\ld d unto u1 & prohibit+ e citiz5 ( ,ohio f h>bor+ or conceal+ a fugitive slave1 "u ! p5alty ( f9e or imprisonm5t4 ,g5]al ob$i5ce to ?is vile /atute is alone want+ to fill to ! brim ! cup ( ,ohio's iniquity & degradation4 ,%e ha? done :at %e c\ld to oppress & cru% ! free negroes )9 h] bord]s4 ,%e is n[ seek+ to re*a9 ! slave :o has escap$ f 8 fett]s4 #g4 ,,imp$im5ts ,,to ,,religi\s ,,in/ruction4 ,x is unnecess>y to dwell "h on ! laws ( ! slave ,/ates prohibit+ ! free p ( color f le>n+ to read ! ,bible1 & 9 _m in/ances1 f assembl+ at discretion to wor%ip _! ,creator4 ,^! laws1 we are assur$1 are indisp5sable to ! p]petuity ( t peculi> in/itution1 :i* _m ma/]s 9 ,israel are n[ tea*+1 enjoys ! sanction ( ,,him :o w h all m5 to be sav$1 & to come to ! k ( ! tru?1 & :o has left to 8 disciples ! injunction1 se>* ! ,scriptures4 ,we turn to ! free ,/ates1 9 :i* no in/itution requires1 t ! light ( ! glori\s gospel ( ,*ri/ %\ld be prev5t$ f %9+ on any portion ( ! population1 & inquire h[ f> prejudice "h supplies ! place ( s\!rn /atutes4 ,! imp$im5ts to education already m5tion$1 necess>ily r5d] ! acquisition ( religi\s k difficult1 & 9 _m in/ances impracticable4 ,9 ! nor!rn cities1 ! blacks h frequ5tly *ur*es ( _! own1 b 9 ! c\ntry !y are too few1 & too poor to build *ur*es & ma9ta9 m9i/]s4 ,( c\rse !y mu/ rema9 de/itute ( public wor%ip & religi\s in/ruction1 unless !y c enjoy ^! bless+s 9 company ) ! :ites4 ,n[ !re is h>dly a *ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 n exclusively appropriat$ to ! blacks1 9 :i* "o ( _! numb] owns a pew1 or has a voice 9 ! *oice ( a m9i/]4 ,!re are usually1 inde$1 a few seats 9 a remote "p ( ! *ur*1 set ap>t = _! use1 & 9 :i* no :ite p]son is ev] se54 ,x is surely n surpris+1 "u all ! circum/ances ( ! case1 t ^! seats are r>ely cr[d$4 ,color$ m9i/]s are occasionally orda9$ 9 ! diff]5t d5om9ations1 b !y are kept at a di/ance by _! :ite bre?r5 9 ! m9i/ry1 & are v r>ely p]mitt$ to ent] _! pulpits2 & /ill m r>ely1 to sit at _! tables1 al?\gh ackn[l$g$ to be ambassadors ( ,*ri/4 ,! di/9ction ( ca/e is n =gott51 ev5 9 ! celebration ( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & seldom are color$ disciples p]mitt$ to eat & dr9k ( ! memorials ( ! ,r$eem]'s passion till aft] e :ite communicant has be5 s]v$4 #h4 ,,imp$im5ts ,,to ,,hone/ ,,indu/ry4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ignorance & pov]ty are almo/ insep>able companions2 & x is surely n /range t ^? %\ld be poor :om we compel to be ignorant4 ,! lib]al pr(essions are virtually seal$ aga9/ ! blacks1 if we except ! *ur*1 & ev5 9 t admission is r5d]$ difficult by ! ob/acles plac$ 9 _! way 9 acquir+ ! requisite lit]>y qualifications2#ajb & :5 once admitt$1 _! adm9i/rations are conf9$ to _! own color4 ,_m ( our mo/ weal?y & influ5tial citiz5s h comm5c$ life z ignorant & z p5nyless z any negro :o loit]s 9 our /reets4 ,_h _! complexion be5 d>k1 not)/&+ _! tal5ts1 indu/ry1 ent]prize & probity1 !y w\ld h cont9u$ ignorant & p5nyless1 because ! pa?s to le>n+ & to weal?1 w\ld !n h be5 clos$ aga9/ !m4 ,!re is a conspiracy1 embrac+ all ! dep>tm5ts ( society1 to keep ! black man ignorant & poor4 ,z a g5]al rule1 admitt+ few if any exceptions1 ! s*ools ( lit]ature & ( sci5ce reject him--! c\nt+ h\se refuses to receive him z a bookkeep]1 mu* m z a p>tn]--no /ore admits him z a cl]k--no %op z an appr5tice4 ,"h & !re a black man may be f\nd keep+ a few trifles on a %elf = sale2 & a few acquire1 z if by /eal?1 ! k ( "s h&icraft2 b almo/ univ]sally ^! p1 bo? 9 t[n & c\ntry1 are prev5t$ by ! cu/oms ( society f ma9ta9+ !mselves & _! families by any o!r ?an m5ial occupations4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,( ! tru? ( ?is rem>k1 ! tru/ees ( ! ,episcopal ,!ological ,sem9>y at ,new-,york1 lately 7,june1 #ahci7 af=d$ a /rik+ illu/ration4 ,a "y man1 regul>ly ackn[l$g$ by ! ,bi%op z a c&idate = ord]s1 & 9 consequ5ce ( su* ackn[l$gm5t entitl$1 by an express /atute ( ! sem9>y1 to admission to its privileges1 pres5t$ himself z a pupil4 ,b ,god _h giv5 him a d>k complexion1 & !re=e ! tru/ees1 reg>dless ( ! /atute1 b>r$ ! doors aga9/ him1 by a =mal & delib]ate vote4 ,z a compromise betwe5 consci5ce & prejudice1 ! pr(essors (f]$ to give him private in/ruction--to d 9 secret :at !y 7 a%am$ to d op5ly--to conf] z a favor1 :at he 0 entitl$ to dem& z a "r4 ,! (f] 0 reject$4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t ( ! tru/ees :o took an active "p aga9/ ! color$ c&idate1 "o is ! ,,presid5t ( ! ,new ,york ,colonization ,society2 ano!r a ,,manag]1 & a ?ird1 "o ( its public *ampions2 & t ! ,bi%op ( ! diocese1 :o wi%$ to exclude 8 c&idate f ! !ological s*ool ( :i* he is bo? a tru/ee & a pr(essor1 lately head$ a recomm5dation 9 ! newspap]s = ! pur*ase ( a packet %ip = ,lib]ia1 z likely to r5d] f> m effici5t ?an h]et(ore1 ! ent]prize ( colonization4 ,9 #ahcf1 a black man ( irreproa*able "*1 & :o by 8 indu/ry & frugality _h accumulat$ sev]al ?\s& doll>s1 made application 9 ! ,city ( ,new ,york = a c>man's lic5se1 & 0 refus$ solely & av[$ly on acc\nt ( 8 complexion6 ,we h already se5 ! ef=t ( ! ,ohio legislature1 to consign ! negroes to />vation1 by det]r+ o!rs f employ+ !m4 ,ignorance1 idl5ess1 & vice1 are at once ! puni%m5ts we inflict ^u ^! un=tunate p = _! complexion2 & ! crimes ) :i* we are con/antly reproa*+ !m4 #i4 ,,liability ,,to ,,be ,,seiz$1 ,,& ,,treat$ ,,z ,,slaves4 ,an able-bodi$ color$ man sells 9 ! s\!rn m>ket = f eight hundr$ to a ?\s& doll>s2 ( c\rse he is wor? /eal+4 ,colonizationi/s & slavehold]s1 & _m nor!rn div9es1 solemnly affirm1 t ! situation ( a slave is f> pref]able to t ( a free negro2 h5ce x w\ld seem an act ( humanity to conv]t ! latt] into ! =m]4 ,kidnapp+ be+ bo? a lucrative & a b5evol5t bus9ess1 x is n /range x %\ld be ext5sively practis$4 ,9 _m ( ! ,/ates ?is bus9ess is regulat$ by law1 & !re are v>i\s ways 9 :i* ! transmutation is legally effect$4 ,?us1 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 if a free negro ent]ta9s a runaway slave1 x may be 8 own wife or *ild1 he himself is turn$ into a slave4 ,9 #ahbg1 a free woman & h] ?ree *ildr5 und]w5t ?is b5evol5t process1 = ent]ta9+ two fugitive *ildr5 ( six & n9e ye>s old4 ,9 ,virg9ia all emancipat$ slaves rema9+ twelve mon?s 9 ! ,/ate1 are k9dly re/or$ to _! =m] condition4 ,9 ,m>yl& a free negro :o m>ries a :ite woman1 !reby acquires all ! privileges ( a slave--& g5]ally1 ?r\gh\t ! slave region1 includ+ ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 e negro n kn[n to be free1 is m]cifully consid]$ z a slave1 & if 8 ma/] _c be asc]ta9$1 he is ?r[n into a dungeon1 & !re kept1 till by a public sale a ma/] c be provid$ = him4 ,b (t5 ! law grants to color$ m51 kn[n to be free1 all ! advantages ( slav]y4 ,?us1 9 ,georgia1 e free color$ man com+ into ! ,/ate1 & unable to pay a f9e ( "o hundr$ doll>s1 becomes a slave = life2 9 ,florida1 insolv5t debtors1 if black1 are ,,sold = ! b5efit ( _! cr$itors2 & 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia a free color$ man1 ?r[n into jail on suspicion ( be+ a slave & prov+ 8 fre$om1 is requir$ by law to be sold z a slave1 if too poor to pay 8 jail fees4 ,let x n be suppos$ t ^! laws are all obsolete & inop]ative4 ,!y cat* _m a nor!rn negro1 :o1 9 pursuit ( 8 own bus9ess1 or on be+ decoy$ by o!rs v5tures to ent] ! slave region2 & :o1 ( c\rse1 helps to augm5t ! weal? ( our s\!rn bre?r54 ,on ! #f? ( ,m>*1 #ahci1 a report by a ,committee 0 made to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,massa*usetts ,legislature1 9 :i* are giv5 ! names ( sev5te5 free color$ m5 :o _h be5 enslav$ at ! s\?4 ,x also /ates an in/ance 9 :i* tw5ty-five color$ citiz5s1 belong+ to ,massa*usetts1 7 conf9$ at "o "t 9 a s\!rn jail1 & ano!r in/ance 9 :i* #ge free color$ p]sons f diff]5t free ,/ates 7 conf9$1 all prep>atory to _! sale z slaves accord+ to law4 ,! facts disclos$ 9 ?is report induc$ ! ,massa*usetts ,legislature to pass a resolution prote/+ aga9/ ! kidnapp+ laws ( ! slave ,/ates1 z invad+ ! sacr$ rights ( citiz5s ( ?is commonweal?1 z contr>y to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 utt] d]ogation ( t great pr9ciple ( ! common law :i* presumes e p]son to be innoc5t until prov$ to be guilty2 & ord]$ ! prote/ to be =w>d$ to ! ,gov]nors ( ! sev]al ,/ates4 ,b x is n at ! s\? alone t freem5 may be conv]t$ into slaves accord+ to law4 ,! ,act ( ,congress respect+ ! recov]y ( fugitive slaves1 af=ds mo/ extraord9>y facilities = ?is process1 ?r\gh (ficial corruption & individual p]jury4 ,by ?is ,act1 ! claimant is p]mitt$ to select a ju/ice ( ! peace1 be=e :om he may br+ or s5d 8 alleg$ slave1 & ev5 to prove 8 prop]ty by affidavit4 ,inde$1 9 almo/ e ,/ate 9 ! ,union1 a slavehold] may recov] at law a human be+ z 8 bea/ ( burd5 ) f> less c]emony ?an he c\ld 8 pig f ! possession ( 8 neighbor4 ,9 only ?ree ,/ates is a man1 claim$ z a slave1 entitl$ to a trial by jury4 ,at ! la/ session ( ! ,new ,york ,legislature a bill all[+ a jury trial 9 su* cases 0 pass$ by ! l[] ,h\se1 b reject$ by a democratic vote 9 ! ,s5ate1 democracy 9 t ,/ate1 be+ av[$ly only sk9 deep1 all its pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 equality1 & human rights dep5d+ on complexion4 ,consid]+ ! wond]ful ease & exp$ition ) :i* fugitives may be recov]$ by law1 x w\ld be v /range if mi/akes did n sometimes occur4 ,h[ (t5 !y occur _c1 ( c\rse1 be kn[n1 & x is only :5 a claim is defeat$1 t we are made s5sible ( ! exce$+ly prec>i\s t5ure by :i* a poor fri5dless negro at ! nor? holds 8 p]sonal lib]ty4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 a girl ( ! "n ( ,m>y ,gilmore 0 arre/$ 9 ,philadelphia1 z a fugitive slave f ,m>yl&4 ,te/imony 0 n want+ 9 support ( ! claim2 yet x 0 mo/ conclusively prov$ t %e 0 ! daught] ( poor ,iri% p>5ts--hav+ n a drop ( negro blood 9 h] ve9s--t ! fa!r _h abscond$1 & t ! "m _h di$ a drunk>d 9 ! ,philadelphia hospital1 & t ! infant _h be5 k9dly receiv$ & br\ght up 9 a color$ family4 ,h5ce ! attempt to make a slave ( h]4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahci1 a color$ man 0 arre/$ 9 ,philadelphia1 on a *>ge ( hav+ abscond$ f 8 own] tw5ty-?ree ye>s be=e4 ,?is man _h a wife & family dep5d+ ^u him1 & a home :]e he enjoy$ _! society2 & yet1 unless he c\ld f9d witnesses :o c\ld prove 8 fre$om = m ?an ?is numb] ( ye>s1 he 0 to be torn f 8 wife1 8 *ildr51 8 home1 & doom$ = ! rema9d] ( 8 days to toil "u ! la%4 ,f\r witnesses = ! claimant swore to 8 id5tity1 al?\gh !y _h n se5 him be=e = tw5ty-?ree ye>s6 ,by a mo/ extraord9>y co9cid5ce1 a ,new ,engl& ,capta91 ) :om ?is negro _h sail$ tw5ty-n9e ye>s be=e1 9 a sloop f ,nantucket1 happ5$ at ?is v "t to be conf9$ = debt 9 ! same prison ) ! alleg$ slave1 & ! ,capta9's te/imony1 toge!r ) t ( "s o!r witnesses1 :o _h kn[n ! man previ\s to 8 pret5d$ elopem5t1 s fully e/abli%$ 8 fre$om1 t ! ,c\rt dis*>g$ him4 ,ano!r mode ( legal kidnapp+ /ill rema9s to be describ$4 ,by ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 fugitives f ju/ice are to be deliv]$ up1 & "u ?is con/itutional provision1 a free negro may be conv]t$ into a slave )\t tr\bl+ ev5 a ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace to he> ! evid5ce ( ! captor's claim4 ,a fugitive slave is1 ( c\rse1 a felon--he n only /eals himself1 b also ! rags on 8 back :i* belong to 8 ma/]4 ,x is und]/ood he has tak5 refuge 9 ,new ,york1 & 8 ma/] naturally wi%es to recov] him ) z little noise1 tr\ble1 & delay z possible4 ,! way is simple & easy4 ,let ! ,gr& ,jury indict ,a4,b4 = /eal+ we>+ app>el1 & let ! indictm5t1 ) an affidavit ( ! crim9al's flight1 be =w>d$ by ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,/ate1 to 8 ,excell5cy ( ,new ,york1 ) a requisition = ! deliv]y ( ,a4,b41 to ! ag5t appo9t$ to receive him4 ,a w>rant is1 ( c\rse1 issu$ to any ,con/able ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 to arre/ ,a4,b4 ,= :at purpose8--to br+ him be=e a magi/rate :]e 8 id5tity may be e/abli%$8--no1 b to deliv] him up to ! =eign ag5t4 ,h5ce1 ! ,con/able may pick up ! fir/ likely negro he f9ds 9 ! /reet1 & %ip him to ! s\?2 & %\ld x be f\nd1 on 8 arrival on ! plantation1 t ! wrong man has come1 x w also probably be f\nd t ! mi/ake is ( no consequ5ce to ! plant]4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 ! ,gov]nor ( ,new ,york sign$ a w>rant = ! appreh5sion ( #ag ,virg9ia negroes1 z fugitives f ju/ice4#ajc ,"u ?is w>rant1 a man :o _h liv$ 9 ! neighborhood = ?ree ye>s1 & _h a wife & *ildr51 & :o claim$ to be free1 0 seiz$1 on a ,sunday ev5+1 9 ! public highway1 9 ,we/ ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,n4,y41 & )\t be+ p]mitt$ to take leave ( 8 family1 0 in/antly h&-cuff$1 ?r[n into a c>riage1 & hurri$ to ,new ,york1 & ! next morn+ 0 on 8 voyage to ,virg9ia4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,!re is no evid5ce t he knew !y 7 negroes2 or t he act$ o!rwise ?an 9 p]fect good fai?4 ,! alleg$ crime 0 /eal+ a boat4 ,! real crime1 x is said1 0 /eal+ !mselves & escap+ 9 a boat4 ,! mo/ horrible abuses ( ^! w>rants c only be prev5t$ by requir+ pro( ( id5tity be=e deliv]y4 ,free color$ m5 are conv]t$ into slaves n only by law1 b also contr>y to law4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 difficult to e/imate ! ext5t to :i* illegal kidnapp+ is c>ri$1 s9ce a l>ge numb] ( cases mu/ escape detection4 ,9 a "w publi%$ by ,judge ,/r\d1 ( ,philadelphia1 9 #ahbg1 he /ates1 t x _h be5 asc]ta9$ t m ?an ?irty free color$ p]sons1 mo/ly *ildr51 _h be5 kidnapp$ 9 t city )9 ! la/ two ye>s4#ajd ,footnote #ajd3 ,/r\d's ,sket* ( ! ,slave ,laws1 p4 #id4 #aj4 ,,subjection ,,to ,,insult ,,& ,,outrage4 ,! feel+ ( ! community t[>ds ^! p1 & ! contempt ) :i* !y are treat$1 are indicat$ by ! foll[+ notice1 lately publi%$ by ! proprietors ( a m5ag]ie1 9 ,new ,york4 ,! proprietors wi% x to be und]/ood1 t p ( color are n p]mitt$ to ent]1 except :5 9 att5dance ^u *ildr5 & families4 ,= two %ill+s1 any :ite scav5g] w\ld be freely admitt$1 & s w\ld negroes1 provid$ !y came 9 a capacity t m>k$ _! dep5d5ce--_! pres5ce is (f5sive1 only :5 !y come z indep5d5t spectators1 gratify+ a laudable curiosity4 ,ev5 dea?1 ! great levell]1 is n p]mitt$ to oblit]ate1 among ,*ri/ians1 ! di/9ction ( ca/e1 or to rescue ! lifeless =m ( ! color$ man f ! insults ( 8 :ite bre?r54 ,9 ! por* ( a ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 9 ,philadelphia1 9 #ahcg1 0 susp5d$ a c>d1 conta9+ ! =m ( a de$1 to be giv5 to pur*as]s ( lots 9 a c]ta9 burial gr\nd1 & to enhance ! value ( ! prop]ty1 & to entice buy]s1 ! foll[+ clause 0 ins]t$1 ,no p]son ( color1 nor any "o :o has be5 ! subject ( execution1 %all be int]r$ 9 said lot4 ,our color$ fell[-citiz5s1 l o!rs1 are occasionally call$ to pass f "o place to ano!r2 & 9 do+ s are compell$ to submit to innum]able h>d%ips & indignities4 ,!y are frequ5tly d5i$ seats 9 our /age coa*es2 & al?\gh admitt$ ^u ! decks ( our /eam boats1 are almo/ univ]sally exclud$ f ! cab9s4 ,ev5 wom5 h be5 =c$1 9 cold wea!r1 to pass ! night ^u deck1 & 9 "o in/ance ! wife ( a color$ cl]gyman lo/ h] life 9 consequ5ce ( su* an exposure4 ,! contempt p\r$ ^u ^! p by our laws1 our *ur*es1 our sem9>ies1 our pr(essions1 naturally invokes ^u _! heads ! fi]ce wra? ( vulg> malignity4 ,9 ord] to exhibit ! actual condition ( ?is portion ( our population1 we w "h ins]t "s samples ( ! outrages to :i* !y are subject$1 tak5 f ! ord9>y public j\rnals4 ,9 an acc\nt ( ! ,new ,york riots ( #ahcd1 ! ,comm]cial ,adv]tis] says--,ab\t tw5ty poor ,african 7native ,am]ican7 families1 h _h _! all de/roy$1 & h nei!r b$1 clo?+1 nor food rema9+4 ,_! h\ses are completely evisc]at$1 _! furniture a wreck1 & ! ru9$ & disconsolate t5ants ( ! devot$ h\ses are r$uc$ to ! necessity ( apply+ to ! corporation = bread4 ,! example set 9 ,new ,york 0 zeal\sly foll[$ 9 ,philadelphia4 ,"s arrangem5t1 x appe>s1 exi/$ betwe5 ! mob & ! :ite inhabitants1 z ! dwell+ h\ses ( ! latt]1 contigu\s to ! resid5ces ( ! blacks1 7 illum9at$ & left undi/urb$1 :ile ! huts ( ! negroes 7 s+l$ out ) un]r+ c]ta9ty4 ,! furniture f\nd 9 ^! h\ses 0 g5]ally brok5 up & de/roy$--b$s ripp$ op5 & _! cont5ts scatt]$ 9 ! /reets4444 ,! numb] ( h\ses assail$ 0 n less ?an tw5ty4 ,9 "o h\se !re 0 a corpse1 :i* 0 ?r[n f ! c(f91 & 9 ano!r a dead infant 0 tak5 out ( ! b$1 & ca/ on ! floor1 ! "m be+ at ! same "t b>b>\sly treat$4--,philadelphia ,gazette4 ,no case is report$ ( an attack hav+ be5 invit$ or provok$ by ! resid5ts ( ! dwell+s assail$ or de/roy$4 ,! ext5t ( ! depr$ations committ$ on ! ?ree ev5+s ( riot & outrage c only be judg$ ( by ! numb] ( h\ses damag$ or de/roy$4 ,s f> z asc]ta9$1 ?is am\nts to ,,=ty-,,five4 ,"o ( ! h\ses assault$ 0 occupi$ by an un=tunate cripple--:o1 unable to fly f ! fury ( ! mob1 0 s beat5 by "s ( ! ruffians1 t he has s9ce di$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! bruises & w\nds inflict$ 444 ,= ! la/ two days ! ,j]sey /eam boats h be5 load$ ) numb]s ( ! color$ population1 :o1 fe>ful _! lives 7 n safe 9 ?is1 det]m9$ to seek refuge 9 ano!r ,/ate4 ,on ! ,j]sey side1 t5ts 7 erect$1 & ! negroes h tak5 up a tempor>y resid5ce1 until a prospect %all be (f]$ = _! p]petual location 9 "s place ( security & lib]ty4--,national ,gazette4 ,! facts we h n[ exhibit$1 abundantly prove ! extreme cruelty & s9fulness ( t prejudice aga9/ color :i* we are impi\sly told is an ,,ord9ation ,,( ,,provid5ce4 ,colonizationi/s1 assum+ ! prejudice to be natural & inv9cible1 propose to remove its victims beyond its influ5ce4 ,abolitioni/s1 on ! contr>y1 rememb]+ ) ! ,psalmi/1 t ,x is ,,he t ha? made u1 & n we ourselves1 believe t ! b5evol5t ,fa!r ( u all requires u to treat ) ju/ice & k9dness e portion ( ! human family1 not)/&+ any p>ticul> organization he has be5 pleas$ to impress ^u !m4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( gratify+ & fo/]+ ?is prejudice1 by cont9ually bani%+ f our c\ntry ^? aga9/ :om x is direct$1 ,abolitioni/s are anxi\s to de/roy ! prejudice itself2 feel+1 to use ! language ( ano!r1 t--,x is "t to recognize 9 ! humble/ portions ( society1 p>tak]s ( our nature ) all its high pr]ogatives & awful de/9ies--"t to rememb] t our di/9ctions are ext]ior & evanesc5t1 our resemblance real & p]man5t--t all is transi5t b :at is moral & spiritual--t ! only graces we c c>ry ) u into ano!r _w1 are graces ( div9e implantation1 & t amid ! rude incru/ations ( pov]ty & ignorance !re lurks an imp]i%able jewel--a ,,s\l1 susceptible ( ! highe/ spiritual beauty1 de/9$1 p]haps1 to adorn ! cele/ial abodes1 & to %9e = ev] 9 ! m$iatorial diadem ( ! ,son ( ,god--,take he$ t ye despise n "o ( ^! little ones4 ,no4 #ac4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,c ,,abolitioni/s ,,vote ,,or ,,take ,,(fice ,,"u ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,con/itution8 ,! pres]vation1 propagation1 & p]petuation ( slav]y is ! vital & animat+ _s ( ! ,national ,gov]nm5t4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 #adb ,,nassau ,,/reet #ahae4 ,,introduction4 ,! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 at its ,annual ,meet+ 9 ,may1 #ahdd1 adopt$ ! foll[+ ,resolution3 ,resolv$1 ,t secession f ! pres5t ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t is ! duty ( e abolitioni/2 s9ce no "o c take (fice1 or ?r[ a vote = ano!r to hold (fice1 "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution1 )\t violat+ 8 anti-slav]y pr9ciples1 & r5d]+ himself an abettor ( ! slavehold] 9 8 s94 ,! passage ( ?is ,resolution has caus$ two *>ges to be br\ght aga9/ ! ,society3 ,fir/1 t x is a no-gov]nm5t body1 & t ! :ole doctr9e ( non-resi/ance is endors$ by ?is vote3--& secondly1 t ! ,society transc5d$ its prop] sph]e & con/itutional p[]s by tak+ su* a /ep4 ,! logic :i* inf]s t because a man ?9ks ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t bad1 he mu/ necess>ily ?9k all gov]nm5t s1 has at lea/1 ! m]it & ! *>m ( novelty4 ,!re is a spice ( arrogance j p]ceptible1 9 ! conclusion t ! ,con/itution ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates is s p]fect1 t "o :o dislikes x c\ld nev] be satisfi$ ) any =m ( gov]nm5t :atev]6 ,7 ,o',connell & 8 fell[ ,ca?olics non-resi/ants1 because = two hundr$ ye>s !y submitt$ to exclusion f ! ,h\se ( ,lords & ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 r ?an qualify !mselves = a seat by an oa? abjur+ ! ,pope8 ,7 ! non-jur+ ,bi%ops ( ,engl& non-resi/ants1 :5 !y w5t d[n to ! grave )\t tak+ _! seats 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 r ?an take an oa? d5y+ ! ,/u>ts & to support ! ,h\se ( ,hanov]8 ,bo? might h pur*as$ p[] at ! price ( "o annual falsehood4 ,!re are "s 9 ?is c\ntry :o d n seem to ?9k t price at all unreasonable4 ,x 7 a r>e complim5t inde$ to ! non-resi/ants1 if e exhibition ( rigid pr9ciple on ! "p ( an individual is to make ! _w suspect him ( lean+ t[>ds _! fai?4 ,! ,society is n oppos$ to gov]nm5t1 b only to ?is ,gov]nm5t bas$ ^u & act+ = slav]y4 ,) reg>d to ! second *>ge1 ( exce$+ its prop] limits & trespass+ on ! rights ( ! m9ority1 x is en\gh to say1 t ! object ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society is ! entire abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,( c\rse x is its duty to f9d out all ! s\rces ( pro-slav]y influ5ce 9 ! l&4 ,x is its "r1 x is its duty to try e in/itution 9 ! l&1 no matt] h[ v5]able1 or sacr$1 by ! t\*/one ( anti-slav]y pr9ciple2 & if x f9ds any "o false1 to proclaim t fact to ! _w1 ) m or less ( en]gy1 accord+ to its importance 9 society4 ,x has tri$ ! ,con/itution1 & pron\nc$ x uns\nd4 ,no memb]'s consci5ce ne$ be injur$--,! qualification = memb]%ip rema9s ! same1 ! belief t slave-hold+ is a he9\s crime--,no new te/ has be5 set up--,b ! majority ( ! ,society1 = ! "t be+1 fai?ful to its duty ( try+ e in/itution by ! light ( ! pres5t day--( utt]+ its op9ion on e pass+ ev5t t t\*es ! slave's welf>e1 has se5 x to be duty to s\nd =? its w>n+1 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s4 ,no "o :o did n vote = ! ,resolution is responsible = x4 ,no "o is ask$ to quit our plat=m4 ,we1 ! majority1 only ask him to ext5d to our op9ions ! same tol]ation t we ext5d to him1 & agree+ to diff] on ?is po9t1 "w toge!r :]e we c4 ,we proscribe no man = diff]5ce ( op9ion4 ,x is said1 t hav+ refus$ 9 #ahdj1 to say t a man ought to vote1 on ! gr\nd t su* a resolution w\ld be tyrannical & intol]ant1 ! ,society is manife/ly inconsi/5t n[ 9 tak+ ^u itself to say t no abolitioni/ c consi/5tly vote4 ,b ! inconsi/5cy is only app>5t & n real4 ,!re may he a ?\s& reasons :y a p>ticul> individual ought n to d an act1 ?\gh ! act be innoc5t 9 itself4 ,x w\ld be tyranny !re=e 9 a society :i* c prop]ly take notice ( b "o subject1 slav]y1 to promulgate ! doctr9e t all its memb]s ought to d any p>ticul> act1 z = in/ance1 to vote1 to give money1 to lecture1 to petition1 or ! l4 ,! p>ticul> circum/ances & op9ions ( ea* "o mu/ regulate 8 actions4 ,all we h a "r to ask is1 t he d = ! slave's cause z mu* z he does = any o!r ( equal importance4 ,b :5 an act is wrong1 x is no intol]ance to say to ! :ole _w t x ought n to be done4 ,aft] ! abolitioni/ has grant$ t slav]y is wrong1 we h ! "r to judge him by 8 own pr9ciples1 & arraign him = inconsi/5cy t1 s believ+1 he helps ! slavehold] by 8 oa?4 ,! foll[+ pages h be5 ha/ily ?r[n toge!r 9 explanation ( ! vote above recit$4 ,!y make no pret5sion to a full argum5t ( ! topic4 ,i hope t 9 a %ort "t ,i %all get leisure suffici5t to pres5t to our oppon5ts1 unless "s "o does x = me1 a full /atem5t ( ! reasons :i* h l$ u to ?is /ep4 ,i am aw>e t we non-vot]s are r s+ul>4 ,b hi/ory1 f ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ians d[nw>ds1 is full ( in/ances ( m5 :o refus$ all connection ) gov]nm5t1 & all ! influ5ce :i* (fice c\ld be/[1 r ?an d5y _! pr9ciples1 or aid 9 do+ wrong4 ,yet ,i nev] he>d !m call$ ei!r idiots or ov]-scrupul\s4 ,sir ,?omas ,m ne$ nev] h m\nt$ ! scaffold1 _h he only cons5t$ to take ! oa? ( supremacy4 ,he _h only to tell a lie ) solemnity1 z we are ask$ to d1 & he might n only h sav$ 8 life1 b1 z ! trimm]s ( 8 day w\ld h told him1 d\bl$ 8 influ5ce4 ,pitt resign$ 8 place z ,prime ,m9i/] ( ,engl&1 r ?an break fai? ) ! ,ca?olics ( ,irel&4 ,%\ld ,i n resign a petty ballot r ?an break fai? ) ! slave8 ,b ,i 0 specially glad to f9d a di/9ct recognition ( ! pr9ciple ^u :i* we h act$1 appli$ to a diff]5t po9t1 9 ! life ( t ,patri>* ( ! ,anti-,slav]y ent]prise1 ,granville ,%>pe4 ,x is 9 a late numb] ( ! ,ed9burgh ,review4 ,:ile an und]cl]k 9 ! ,w> ,(fice1 he sympa?iz$ ) our fa!rs 9 _! /ruggle = indep5d5ce4 ,ord]s rea*$ 8 (fice to %ip munitions ( w> to ! revolt$ colonies4 ,if 8 h& _h ent]$ ! acc\nt ( su* a c>go1 x w\ld h contract$ 9 8 eyes ! /a9 ( innoc5t blood4 ,to avoid ?is pollution1 he resign$ 8 place & 8 means ( subsi/5ce at a p]iod ( life :5 be c\ld no long] hope to f9d any o!r lucrative employm5t4 ,z ! ?\ghtful cl]k ( ! ,w> ,(fice takes 8 hat d[n f ! peg :]e x has us$ to hang = tw5ty ye>s1 me?9ks ,i he> "o ( our oppon5ts cry out1 ,fri5d ,%>pe1 y are absurdly scrupul\s4 ,y may innoc5tly aid ,gov]nm5t 9 do+ wrong1 adds ano!r4 ,:ile ,lib]ty ,p>ty yelps at 8 heels1 ,my de> ,sir1 y are q los+ y\r influ5ce6 ,& inde$ x is melan*oly to reflect h[1 f t mom5t ! mighty und]cl]k ( ! ,w> ,(fice767 dw9dl$ into ! m]e ,granville ,%>pe ( hi/ory6 ! man ( :om ,mansfield & ,h>grave 7 cont5t to le>n law1 & ,wilb]=ce1 philan?ropy4 ,"o fri5d proposes to vote = m5 :o %all be pl$g$ n to take (fice unless ! oa? to ! ,con/itution is disp5s$ )1 & :o %all !n g on to p]=m 9 _! (fices only su* duties z we1 _! con/itu5ts1 approve4 ,he cites1 9 support ( 8 view1 ! election ( ,o',connell to ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 9 #ahbh1 ,i believe1 j "o ye> be=e ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy1 :i* 0 ! objectionable "o to ! ,ca?olics1 0 disp5s$ )4 ,n[1 if we /ood 9 ! same circum/ances z ! ,ca?olics did 9 #ahbh1 ! example w\ld be 9 po9t4 ,:5 ! public m9d is ?or\ghly revolutioniz$1 & ready = ! *ange1 :5 ! bill[ has rea*$ its height & beg9s to cre/ into foam1 !n su* a measure may br+ matt]s to a crisis4 ,b let u fir/ g ?r\gh1 9 pati5ce1 z ,o',connell did1 our tw5ty ye>s ( agitation4 ,waiv+ all o!r objections1 ?is plan seems to me m]e play+ at politics1 & an entire wa/e ( ef=t4 ,x loses our high position z moral re=m]s2 x subjects u to all t malignant opposition & suspicion ( motives :i* att5d ! array ( p>ties2 & :ile ?us clos+ up our access to ! national consci5ce1 x wa/es 9 fruitless caucuss+ & p>ty tactics1 ! "t & ! ef=t :i* %\ld h be5 direct$ to effici5t agitation4 ,! hi/ory ( our ,union is lesson en\gh1 = e c&id m9d1 ( ! fatal effects ( e1 ! lea/1 compromise ) evil4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! fifty ye>s pass$ "u x1 %[s u ! slaves trebl+ 9 numb]s2--slavehold]s monopoliz+ ! (fices & dictat+ ! policy ( ! ,gov]nm5t2--pro/itut+ ! /r5g? & influ5ce ( ! ,nation to ! support ( slav]y "h & else:]e2--trampl+ on ! rights ( ! free ,/ates1 & mak+ ! c\rts ( ! c\ntry _! tools4 ,to cont9ue ?is disa/r\s alliance long] is madness4 ,! trial ( fifty ye>s only proves t x is impossible = free & slave ,/ates to unite on any t]ms1 )\t all becom+ p>tn]s 9 ! guilt & responsible = ! s9 ( slav]y4 ,:y prolong ! exp]im5t8 ,let e hone/ man jo9 9 ! outcry ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society1 ,,no ,,union ,,) ,,slavehold]s4 ,,w5dell ,,phillips4 ,bo/on1 ,jan4 #ae1 #ahde4 ,,! ,,no-,,vot+ ,,!ory4 ,god nev] made a ,,citiz51 & no "o w escape z a man1 f ! s9s :i* he commits z a citiz54 ,c an abolitioni/ consi/5tly take (fice1 or vote1 "u ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 #a/4 ,:at is an abolitioni/8 ,"o :o ?9ks slavehold+ a s9 9 all circum/ances1 & desires its abolition4 ,( c\rse su* an "o _c consi/5tly aid ano!r 9 hold+ 8 slave2--9 o!r words1 ,i _c innoc5tly aid a man 9 do+ t :i* ,i ?9k wrong4 ,no am\nt ( fanci$ good w ju/ify me 9 jo9+ ano!r 9 do+ wrong1 unless ,i adopt ! pr9ciple ( do+ evil t good may come4 #b;d4 ,:at d tak+ (fice & vot+ "u ! ,con/itution imply8 ,! ,presid5t swe>s to execute ! (fice ( presid5t1 & to pres]ve1 protect1 & def5d ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! judges to dis*>ge ! duties incumb5t ^u !m agreeably to ! con/itution & laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,all executive1 legislative1 & judicial (fic]s1 bo? ( ! sev]al ,/ates & ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t1 be=e ent]+ on ! p]=mance ( _! (ficial duties1 are b\nd to take an oa? or affirmation1 to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is is :at e (fice-hold] expressly promises 9 s _m words4 ,x is a contract betwe5 him & ! :ole nation4 ,! vot]1 :o1 by vot+1 s5ds 8 fell[ citiz5 into (fice z 8 repres5tative1 kn[+ be=eh& t ! tak+ ( ?is oa? is ! fir/ duty 8 ag5t w h to p]=m1 does by 8 vote1 reque/ & au?orize him to take x4 ,he !re=e1 by vot+1 impli$ly engages to support ! ,con/itution4 ,:at "o does by 8 ag5t he does himself4 ,( c\rse no hone/ man w au?orize & reque/ ano!r to d an act :i* he ?9ks x wrong to d himself6 ,e vot]1 !re=e1 is b\nd to see1 be=e vot+1 :e!r he c\ld himself hone/ly swe> to support ! con/itution4 ,n[ :at does ?is oa? ( (fice-hold]s relate to & imply8 ,x applies1 says ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 9 an especial mann]1 to _! conduct 9 _! (ficial "*4 ,judge ,/ory1 9 8 ,comm5t>ies on ! ,con/itution1 speaks ( x z a solemn obligation to ! due execution ( ! tru/s repos$ 9 !m1 & to support ! ,con/itution4 ,x is univ]sally consid]$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 by common m5 & by ! c\rts1 z a promise to d :at ! ,con/itution bids1 & to avoid :at x =bids4 ,x 0 9 ! _s ( ?is oa?1 "u :i* he spake1 t ,daniel ,web/] said 9 ,new ,york1 ,! ,con/itution gave x 7slav]y7 ,,solemn ,,gu>anties4 ,to ! full ext5t ( ^! gu>anties we are all b\nd by ! ,con/itution4 ,all ! /ipulations conta9$ 9 ! ,con/itution 9 favor ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates ought to be fulfill$2 & s f> z dep5ds on me1 %all be fulfill$1 9 ! fulness ( _! _s & to ! exactness ( _! lett]4 ,x is m ?an an oa? ( allegiance2 m ?an a m]e promise t we w n resi/ ! laws4 ,= x is an engagem5t to support !m2 z an (fic] ( gov]nm5t1 to c>ry !m into effect4 ,)\t su* a promise on ! "p ( its function>ies1 h[ c\ld gov]nm5t exi/8 ,x is m ?an ! expression ( t obligation :i* re/s on all peaceable citiz5s to submit to laws1 ev5 ?\gh !y w n actively support !m4 ,= x is ! promise :i* ! judge makes1 t he w actually d ! bus9ess ( ! c\rts2 :i* ! %]iff assumes1 t he w actually execute ! laws4 ,let x be rem>k$1 t x is an oa? to support ! ,con/itution--t is1 ! :ole ( x2 !re are no exceptions4 ,& let x be rememb]$1 t by x ea* "o makes a contract ) ! :ole nation1 t he w d c]ta9 acts4 #c;d4 ,:at is ! ,con/itution :i* ea* vot] ?us engages to support8 ,x conta9s ! foll[+ clauses3 ,art4 #a1 ,sect4 #b4 ,repres5tatives & direct taxes %all be apportion$ among ! sev]al ,/ates1 :i* may be includ$ )9 ?is ,union1 accord+ to _! respective numb]s1 :i* %all be det]m9$ by add+ to ! :ole numb] ( free p]sons1 includ+ ^? b\nd to s]vice = a t]m ( ye>s1 & exclud+ ,indians n tax$1 ?ree fif?s ( all o!r p]sons4 ,art4 #a1 ,sect4 #h4 ,congress %all h p[] 444 to suppress insurrections4 ,art4 #d1 ,sec4 #b4 ,no p]son1 held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,art4 #d1 ,sect4 #d4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates %all gu>antee to e ,/ate 9 ?is ,union a republican =m ( gov]nm5t2 & %all protect ea* ( !m aga9/ invasion2 &1 on application ( ! legislature1 or ( ! executive1 7:5 ! legislature _c be conv5$7 aga9/ dome/ic viol5ce4 ,! fir/ ( ^! clauses1 relat+ to repres5tation1 gives to #aj1jjj inhabitants ( ,c>ol9a equal weight 9 ! gov]nm5t ) #dj1jjj inhabitants ( ,massa*usetts1 provid$ !y are ri* en\gh to hold #ej1jjj slaves3--& accord+ly conf]s on a slavehold+ community additional political p[] = e slave held among !m1 ?us tempt+ !m to cont9ue to uphold ! sy/em4 ,its result has be51 9 ! language ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 to make ! pres]vation1 propagation1 & p]petuation ( slav]y ! vital & animat+ _s ( ! ,national ,gov]nm5t2 & aga91 to enable a knot ( slavehold]s to give ! law & prescribe ! policy ( ! c\ntry4 ,s t s9ce #ahcj slav]y1 slavehold+1 slavebre$+1 & slavetrad+ h =m$ ! :ole f\ndation ( ! policy ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,! second & ! la/ articles relat+ to insurrection & dome/ic viol5ce1 p]fectly innoc5t 9 !mselves--yet be+ made ) ! fact directly 9 view t slav]y exi/s among u1 d delib]ately pl$ge ! :ole national =ce aga9/ ! unhappy slave if he imitate our fa!rs & resi/ oppression--?us mak+ u p>tn]s 9 ! guilt ( su/a9+ slav]y3 ! ?ird is a promise1 on ! "p ( ! :ole ,nor?1 to return fugitive slaves to _! ma/]s2 a de$ :i* ,god's law expressly condemns1 & :i* e noble feel+ ( our nature repudiates ) loa?+ & contempt4 ,^! are ! clauses :i* ! abolitioni/1 by vot+ or tak+ (fice1 engages to uphold4 ,:ile he consid]s slavehold+ to be s91 he /ill rew>ds ! ma/] ) additional political p[] = e additional slave t he c pur*ase4 ,?9k+ slavehold+ to be s91 he pl$ges to ! ma/] ! aid ( ! :ole army & navy ( ! nation to r$uce 8 slave aga9 to *a9s1 %\ld he at any "t succe$ a mom5t 9 ?r[+ !m (f4 ,?9k+ slavehold+ to be s91 he goes on1 ye> aft] ye>1 appo9t+ by 8 vote judges & m>%als to aid 9 hunt+ up ! fugitives1 & see+ t !y are deliv]$ back to ^? :o claim !m6 ,h[ beautifully consi/5t are 8 pr9ciples & 8 promises6 ,,objections4 ,,objection ,i4 ,all[+ t ! clause relat+ to repres5tation & t relat+ to insurrections are immoral1 x is cont5d$ t ! article :i* ord]s ! return ( fugitive slaves 0 n meant to apply to slaves1 b has be5 miscon/ru$ & misappli$6 ,,answ]4 ,! mean+ ( ! o!r two clauses1 settl$ z x has be5 by ! unbrok5 practice & *e]ful acquiesc5ce ( ! ,gov]nm5t & p1 no "o has attempt$ to d5y4 ,?is also has ! same l5g? ( practice1 & ! same acquiesc5ce1 to %[ t x relates to slaves4 ,no "o d5ies t ! ,gov]nm5t & ,c\rts h s con/ru$ x1 & t ! great body ( ! p h freely concurr$ 9 & support$ ?is con/ruction4 ,& fur!r1 ,! ,madison ,pap]s 7conta9+ ! debates ( ^? :o fram$ ! ,con/itution1 at ! "t x 0 made7 settle beyond all d\bt :at mean+ ! fram]s int5d$ to convey4 ,look at ! foll[+ extracts f ^? ,pap]s3 ,tuesday1 ,augu/ #bh?1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,butl] & ,mr4 ,p9ckney mov$ to require fugitive slaves & s]vants to be deliv]$ up l crim9als4 ,mr4 ,wilson4 ,?is w\ld oblige ! ,executive ( ! ,/ate to d x1 at ! public exp5se4 ,mr4 ,%]man saw no m propriety 9 ! public seiz+ & surr5d]+ a slave or s]vant1 ?an a horse4 ,mr4 ,butl] )drew 8 proposition1 9 ord] t "s p>ticul> provision might be made1 ap>t f ?is article4 ,article #ae1 z am5d$1 0 !n agre$ to1 nem4 con4--,madison pap]s1 pp4 #addg-h4 ,w$nesday1 ,augu/ #bi1 #aghg4 ,mr4 ,butl] mov$ to ins]t aft] ,article #ae1 ,if any p]son b\nd to s]vice or labor 9 any ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all escape into ano!r ,/ate1 he or %e %all n be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor1 9 consequ5ce ( any regulations subsi/+ 9 ! ,/ate to :i* !y escape1 b %all be deliv]$ up to ! p]son ju/ly claim+ _! s]vice or labor1--:i* 0 agre$ to1 nem4 con4--p4 #adef4 ,& aga91 aft] ! word+ ( ! above article _h be5 slightly *ang$1 & ! clause newly numb]$1 z 9 ! pres5t ,con/itution1 we f9d ano!r /atem5t mo/ cle>ly %[+ to :at subject ! :ole 0 int5d$ to ref]3 ,saturday1 ,septemb] #ae1 #aghg4 ,article #d1 ,section #b1 7! ?ird p>agraph17 ! t]m legally 0 /ruck out2 & ! words1 "u ! laws !re(1 ins]t$ aft] ! ^w ,/ate1 9 compliance ) ! wi% ( "s :o ?\ght ! t]m legal equivocal1 & favor+ ! idea t ,,slav]y 0 legal 9 a moral view4--p4 #aehi4 ,is x n h5ce evid5t t ,,slav]y 0 ! subject ref]r$ to by ! :ole article8 ,! debates ( ! ,conv5tion held 9 ! sev]al ,/ates to ratify ! ,con/itution1 at ! same "t %[ cle>ly :at mean+ x 0 ?\ght ! fram]s _h convey$3--,9 ,virg9ia ,mr4 ,madison said1 ,ano!r clause secures to u t prop]ty :i* we n[ possess4 ,at pres5t1 if any slave elopes to any ( ^? ,/ates :]e slaves are free1 he becomes emancipat$ by _! laws4 ,= ! laws ( ! ,/ates are un*>itable to "o ano!r 9 ?is respect4 ,b 9 ?is ,con/itution1 no p]son held to s]vice1 or labor1 9 "o ,/ate1 "u ! laws !re(1 escap+ into ano!r1 %all1 9 consequ5ce ( any law or regulation !re91 be dis*>g$ f su* s]vice or labor2 b %all be deliv]$ up on claim ( ! p>ty to :om su* s]vice or labor may be due4 ,?is clause 0 expressly ins]t$ to enable own]s ( slaves to reclaim !m4 ,?is is a bett] security ?an any t n[ exi/s4 ,patrick ,h5ry1 9 reply obs]v$1 ,! clause :i* _h be5 adduc$ by ! g5tleman 0 no m ?an ?is--t a runaway negro c\ld be tak5 up 9 ,m>yl& or ,new ,york4 ,gov]nor ,r&olph said1 ,b ano!r clause ( ! ,con/itution proves ! absurdity ( ! supposition4 ,! words ( ! clause are1 ,no p]son held to s]vice or labor 9 "o ,/ate1 c4 ,e "o kn[s t slaves are held to s]vice & labor4 ,if a citiz5 ( ?is ,/ate1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is clause1 c take 8 runaway slave 9 ,m>yl&1 c4 ,g5]al ,p9ckney 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion obs]v$1 ,we h obta9$ a "r to recov] our slaves1 9 :atev] "p ( ,am]ica !y may take refuge1 :i* is a "r we _h n be=e4 ,9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,mr4 ,ir$ell ,begg$ leave to expla9 ! reason ( ?is clause4 ,9 "s ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 !y h emancipat$ all _! slaves4 ,if any ( our slaves1 said he1 g !re & rema9 !re a c]ta9 "t1 !y w\ld1 by ! pres5t laws1 be entitl$ to _! fre$om1 s t _! ma/]s c\ld n get !m aga94 ,?is w\ld be extremely prejudicial to ! inhabitants ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 & to prev5t x1 ?is clause is ins]t$ 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,?\gh ! ^w slave be n m5tion$1 ?is is ! mean+ ( x4 ,! ,nor!rn delegates1 ow+ to _! p>ticul> scruples on ! subject ( slav]y1 did n *oose ! ^w slave to be m5tion$4 ,b ev5 if ,,two clauses are immoral t is en\gh = our purpose1 & %ews t no hone/ man %\ld engage to uphold !m4 ,:o has ! "r to con/rue & exp\nd ! laws8 ,( c\rse ! ,c\rts ( ! ,nation4 ,! ,con/itution provides 7,article #c1 ,section #b17 t ! ,supreme ,c\rt %all be ! f9al & only int]pret] ( its mean+4 ,:at says ! ,supreme ,c\rt8 ,t ?is clause does relate to slaves1 & ord] _! return4 ,all ! o!r c\rts concur 9 ?is op9ion4 ,b1 say "s1 ! c\rts are corrupt on ?is "q4 ,let u appeal to ! p4 ,n9e hundr$ & n9ety-n9e out ( e ?\s& answ]1 t ! c\rts h con/ru$ x rightly1 & almo/ z _m *e]fully support x4 ,if ! unanim\s1 concurr5t1 unbrok5 practice ( e dep>tm5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 judicial1 legislative1 & executive1 & ! acquiesc5ce ( ! p = fifty ye>s1 d n prove :i* is ! true con/ruction1 !n h[ & :]e c su* a "q ev] be settl$8 ,if ! p & ! c\rts ( ! l& d n "k :at !y !mselves mean1 :o has au?ority to settle _! mean+ = !m8 ,if ! ,con/itution is n :at hi/ory1 unbrok5 practice1 & ! c\rts prove t our fa!rs int5d$ to make x1 & :at too1 _! desc5dants1 ?is nation say !y did make x1 & agree to uphold1--:o %all decide :at ! ,con/itution is8 ,?is is ! s5se !n 9 :i* ! ,nation und]/& t ! promise is made to !m4 ,! ,nation und]/& t ! judge pl$ges himself to return fugitive slaves4 ,! judge kn[s ?is :5 he takes ! oa?4 ,& ,paley expresses ! op9ion ( all writ]s on morals1 z well z ! conviction ( all hone/ m51 :5 he says1 t a promise is b9d+ 9 t s5se 9 :i* ! promis] ?\ght at ! "t t ! o!r p>ty und]/ood x4 ,,objection ,,ii4 ,a promise to d an immoral act is n b9d+3 !re=e an oa? to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 does n b9d "o to support any provisions ( t in/rum5t :i* are repugnant to 8 ideas ( "r4 ,& an abolitioni/1 ?9k+ x wrong to return slaves1 may z an (fice-hold]1 innoc5tly & prop]ly take an oa? to support a ,con/itution :i* comm&s su* return4 ,,answ]4 ,obs]ve t ?is objection all[s ! ,con/itution to be pro-slav]y1 & admits t !re are clauses 9 x :i* no abolitioni/ ought to c>ry out or support4 ,& obs]ve1 fur!r1 t we all agree1 t a bad promise is bett] brok5 ?an kept--t e abolitioni/1 :o has be=e n[ tak5 ! oa? to ! ,con/itution1 is b\nd to break x1 & disobey ! pro-slav]y clauses ( t in/rum5t4 ,s f> !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 u4 ,b ! po9t 9 dispute n[ is1 :e!r a man1 hav+ f\nd out t c]ta9 requirem5ts ( ! ,con/itution are wrong1 c1 aft] t1 innoc5tly swe> to support & obey !m1 all ! :ile mean+ n to d s4 ,n[ ,i cont5d t su* loose con/ruction ( our promises is contr>y alike to honor1 to fair deal+1 & to tru?fulness--t x t5ds to de/roy utt]ly t confid5ce betwe5 man & man :i* b9ds society toge!r1 & leads1 9 matt]s ( gov]nm5t1 to absolute tyranny4 ,! ,con/itution is a s]ies ( contracts made by ea* individual ) e o!r ( ! f\rte5 millions4 ,a man's oa? is evid5ce ( 8 ass5t to ?is contract4 ,if ,i (f] a man ! copy ( an agreem5t1 & he1 aft] read+1 swe>s to p]=m x1 h ,i n a "r to inf] f 8 oa? t he ass5ts to ! rightfulness ( ! articles ( t pap]8 ,:at m solemn =m ( express+ 8 ass5t c\ld he select8 ,a man's oa? expresses 8 conviction ( ! rightfulness ( ! actions he promises to d1 z well z 8 det]m9ation to d !m4 ,if ?is be n s1 ,i c h no tru/ 9 any man's ^w4 ,he may take my money1 promise to d :at ,i wi% 9 return1 & yet1 keep+ my money1 tell me1 on ! morr[1 t he %all n keep 8 promise1 & nev] meant to1 because ! act1 8 consci5ce tells him1 is wrong4 ,:o w\ld tru/ prop]ty to su* m51 or su* maxims 9 ! common affairs ( life8 ,%all we n be z hone/ 9 ! ,s5ate ,h\se z on ',*ange8 ,! ,nor? makes a contract ) ! ,s\? by :i* %e receives c]ta9 b5efits1 & agrees to r5d] c]ta9 s]vices4 ,! b5efits %e c>efully keeps--b ! s]vices %e refuses to r5d]1 because immoral contracts are n b9d+6 ,is ?is fair deal+8 ,x is ! rule alike ( law & common s5se1 t if we are n able1 f any cause1 to furni% ! article we h agre$ to1 we ought to return ! pay we h receiv$4 ,if p[] is put into our h&s on c]ta9 conditions1 & we f9d ourselves unable to comply ) ^? conditions1 we ought to surr5d] ! p[] back to ^? :o gave x4 ,immoral laws are d\btless void1 & %\ld n be obey$4 ,b ! "q is "h1 :e!r "o kn[+ a law to be immoral1 may innoc5tly promise to obey x 9 ord] to get into (fice8 ,! p h settl$ ! conditions on :i* "o may take (fice4 ,! fir/ is1 t he ass5t to _! ,con/itution4 ,is x hone/ to accept p[] ) ! int5tion at ! "t ( n keep+ ! conditions8--,! rightfulness ( ^? conditions is n "h ! "q4 ,,objection ,,iii4 ,i swe> to support ! ,con/itution1 z ,i und]/& x4 ,c]ta9 p>ts ( x1 9 my op9ion1 contradict o!rs & are !re=e void4 ,,answ]4 ,w any "o take ! title de$ ( 8 h\se & c>ry x to ! man he b\ght (1 & let him keep ! cov5ants ( t pap] z he says he und]/&s !m8 ,d we n all recognize ! ju/ice ( hav+ "s ?ird1 dis9t]e/$ p>ty to judge betwe5 two disputants ab\t ! mean+ ( contracts8 ,:o ev] he>d ( a contract ( :i* ea* p>ty 0 at lib]ty to keep z mu* z he ?\ght prop]8 ,z 9 all o!r contracts1 s 9 t ( ! ,con/itution1 !re is a p[] provid$ to affix ! prop] con/ruction to ! in/rum5t1 & t con/ruction bo? p>ties are b\nd to abide by1 or repudiate ! :ole contract4 ,t p[] is ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,d we seek ! common s5se1 practical view ( ?is "q8 ,g to ! ,ex*ange & ask any brok] h[ _m doll>s he w tru/ any man )1 :o av[s 8 "r to make promises ) ! design1 at ! "t1 ( break+ "s p>ts1 & n feel+ call$ ^u to /ate :i* ^? p>ts w be8 ,d y seek ! moral view ( ! po9t1 :i* philosoph]s h tak58 ,paley says1 ,a promise is b9d+ 9 t s5se 9 :i* ! promis] ?\ght at ! "t ( mak+ t ! o!r p>ty und]/ood x4 ,is !re any d\bt :at mean+ ! great body ( ! ,am]ican p atta* to ! ,con/itution & ! (ficial oa?8 ,!y are t p>ty to :om ! promise is made4 ,b1 say "s1 our lives are notice to ! :ole p :at mean+ we atta* to ! oa?1 & we w prote/ :5 we swe>1 t we d n include 9 our oa? ! pro-slav]y clauses4 ,y may z well utt] ! prote/ n[1 z :5 y are swe>+--or at home1 equally z well z )9 ! ,/ate ,h\se4 ,= no su* prote/ c be ( any avail4 ,! ,*ief ,ju/ice /&s up to adm9i/] to me ! oa? ( "s (fice1 no matt] :i*4 ,sir1 say ,i1 ,i mu/ take t oa? ) a qualification1 exclud+ c]ta9 clauses4 ,8 reply w be1 ,sir1 ,i h no discretion 9 ?is matt]4 ,i am "h m]ely to adm9i/] a prescrib$ =m ( oa?4 ,if y ass5t to x1 y are qualifi$ = y\r /ation4 ,if y d n1 y _c ent]4 ,i h no au?ority giv5 me to li/5 to exceptions4 ,i am a s]vant--! p are my ma/]s--"h is :at !y require t y support1 n ?is or t "p ( ! ,con/itution1 b '! ,con/itution1' t is1 ! :ole4 ,baffl$ "h1 ,i turn to ! p4 ,i publi% my op9ions 9 newspap]s4 ,i proclaim !m at conv5tions1 ,i spread !m ?r\gh ! c\ntry on ! w+s ( a ?\s& presses4 ,does ?is avail me8 ,yes1 says ,lib]ty p>ty1 if aft] ?is1 m5 *oose to vote = y1 x is evid5t !y mean y %all take ! oa? z y h giv5 notice t y und]/& x4 ,well1 ! vot]s 9 ,bo/on1 ) ?is und]/&+1 elect me to ,congress1 & ,i proce$ to ,wa%+ton4 ,b "h arises a difficulty1--my con/itu5ts at home h ass5t$--b :5 ,i get to ,congress1 ,i f9d ,i am n ! repres5tative ( ,bo/on only1 b ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,! int]e/s ( ,c>ol9a are committ$ to my h&s z well z ^? ( ,massa*usetts2 ,i f9d t ! contract ,i made by my oa? 0 n ) ,bo/on1 b ) ! :ole nation4 ,x is ! nation t gives me ! p[] to decl>e w> & make peace--to lay taxes on cotton1 & control ! comm]ce ( ,new ,orleans4 ,! nation prescrib$ ! conditions 9 #aghi1 :5 ! ,con/itution 0 settl$1 & ?\gh ,bo/on may be will+ to accept me on o!r t]ms1 ,c>ol9a is n will+4 ,bo/on has accept$ my prote/1 & says1 ,take (fice4 ,c>ol9a says1 ,! oa? y swe> is sworn to me1 z well z to ! re/--,i dem& ! :ole bond4 ,9 o!r words1 :5 ,i h made my prote/1 :at evid5ce is !re t ! nation1 ! o!r p>ty to ! contract1 ass5ts to x8 ,!re c be none until t nation am5ds its ,con/itution4 ,massa*usetts :5 %e accept$ t ,con/itution1 b\nd h]self to s5d only su* m5 z c\ld swe> to return slaves4 ,if by an und]h& compromise ) "s ( h] citiz5s1 %e s5ds p]sons ( o!r s5tim5ts1 %e is p]jur$1 & any "o :o goes on su* an err& is a p>tn] 9 ! p]jury4 ,massa*usetts has no "r to ass5t to my prote/--%e has no "r to s5d repres5tatives1 except on c]ta9 conditions4 ,%e _c v>y ^? conditions1 )\t leave f ^? ^: int]e/s are to be affect$ by ! *ange1 t is1 ! :ole nation4 ,^? conditions are writt5 d[n 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,d %e & ,s\? ,c>ol9a diff]1 z to ! mean+8 ,! ,c\rt w decide = !m4 ,b1 says ! objector1 d y mean to say t ,i swe> to support ! ,con/itution1 n z ,i und]/& x1 b z "s judge und]/&s x8 ,yes1 ,i d--o!rwise !re is no su* ?+ z law4 ,?is "r ( private judgm5t1 = :i* he cont5ds1 exi/s 9 religion--b n 9 ,gov]nm5t4 ,law is a rule prescrib$4 ,! p>ty prescrib+ mu/ h ! "r to con/rue 8 own rule1 o!rwise !re w\ld be z _m laws z !re are individual consci5ces4 ,/atutes w\ld be b recomm5dations if e man 0 at lib]ty to und]/& & obey !m z he ?\ght prop]4 ,b ,i ne$ n argue ?is4 ,! absurdity ( a ,gov]nm5t t has no "r to gov]n--& ( laws :i* h no fix$ mean+--b :i* ea* man con/rues to mean :at he pleases & obeys accord+ly--mu/ be evid5t to e "o4 ,:at m p[] did ! mo/ despotic ( ! ,engli% ,/u>ts ask1 ?an ! "r1 aft] hav+ sworn to laws1 to break su* z _! consci5ces disapprov$8 ,x is ! ess5ce ( tyranny4 ,:at is ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,9 good old fa%ion$ times we ?\ght we knew1 :5 we _h read x & li/5$ to ! c\rt's exposition4 ,b we h improv$ ^u t4 ,! ,lib]ty p>ty man says1 x is = him :at he und]/&s x4 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n1 ( c\rse1 has ! same "r1 & in/ead ( ,lib]ty regulat$ by law1 we h lib]ty regulat$ by f\rte5 millions ( und]/&+s6 ,! ,lib]ty p>ty man takes (fice on conditions1 :i*1 he says1 are n b9d+ ^u him4 ,he gives u notice t he %all use ! p[] z he ?9ks "r1 )\t any reg>d to ^! conditions ( 8 oa?4 ,well1 if ?is is law1 x is good = all4 ,john ,c4 ,calh\n c ( c\rse take (fice ) ! same broad lib]ty1 & swe> to support ! ,con/itution z he und]/&s x4 ,he has told u (t5 :at t und]/&+ is--to su/a9 ,slav]y4 ,( c\rse hav+ made ?is public1 if1 aft] t1 ,c>ol9a s5ds him1 accord+ to ,lib]ty p>ty logic1 x is evid5ce t ,massa*usetts ass5ts to 8 und]/&+1 & accepts 8 oa? ) t mean+6 ,:y ,i ?\ght ,i _h fa?om$ ! pro-slav]y dep?s ( ! ,con/itution :5 ,i read ov] all its wick$ clauses--b t is skimm+ only ! surface1 if ! ,con/itution all[s e man1 to :om x commits p[] to use x1 z he *ooses to und]/& ! conditions1 & n z ! nation und]/&s !m4 ,if ) ?is "r1 ,abolitioni/s may take (fice & help ,lib]ty1 we mu/ rememb] t by ! same rule1 slavehold]s may take (fice & lawfully use all _! p[] to help ,slav]y4 ,if ?is be s1 h[ absurd to keep cry+ out ( ?is & ! o!r ?+ x is uncon/itutional4 ,away ) su* logic6 ,if we h a ,con/itution1 let u rememb] ,jeff]son's advice1 & n make x wa/e pap] by con/ruction4 ,! man :o tamp]s ?us ) ! sacr$ obligation ( an oa?1--swe>s1 & ,jesuit l1 keeps res]v$ mean+s 9 8 own brea/1--does m h>m to society by loos5+ ! f\ndations ( morals1 ?an he w\ld d good1 did 8 "o falsehood free e slave f ! ,potomac to ! ,del ,norte4 ,,objection ,,iv4 ,! oa? does n mean t ,i w positively d :at ,i swe> to d1 b only t ,i w d x1 or submit to ! p5alty ! law aw>ds4 ,if my actions 9 (fice don't suit ! nation1 let !m impea* me4 ,,answ]4 ,t is1 ,john ,tyl] may1 )\t consult+ ,congress1 plunge u into w> ) ,mexico--incur fifty millions ( public debt--lose a hundr$ ?\s& lives--& ! suffici5t recomp5se to ?is nation w be to impea* ,john ,tyl]1 ,esq41 & s5d him home to 8 slaves6 ,^! are ! wise safegu>ds ( ,con/itutional lib]ty6 ,he has fai?fully kept x z he und]/&s x4 ,:at is a ,russian slave8 ,"o :o holds life1 prop]ty1 & all1 at ! m]cy ( ! ,cz>'s idea ( "r4 ,does n ?is description ( ! p[] e (fic] has "h1 "u our ,con/itution1 r$uce ,am]icans to ! same condition8 ,b1 is x true t ! be>+ ( ! p5alty is an excuse = brea* ( our (ficial oa?s8 ,! ,judge :o1 9 que/ions ( divorce1 has trifl$ ) ! sanctity ( ! m>riage tie--:o1 9 matt]s ( prop]ty has decid$ unju/ly1 & tak5 bribes--9 capital cases has s dealt judgm5t z to s5d innoc5t m5 to ! gall[s--may cry out1 ,if y don't l me1 impea* me4 ,b w impea*m5t re/ore ! dead to life1 or ! husb& to 8 defam$ wife8 ,w\ld ! community consid] 8 submission to impea*m5t z equival5t to ! keep+ ( 8 oa? ( (fice1 & !nce=w>d view him z an hone/1 tru?-speak+1 unp]jur$ man8 ,x is idle to suppose s4 ,yet ! int]e/s committ$ to "s ( our (ficehold]s' keep+1 are m important (t5 ?an ev5 ^? :i* a ,judge controls4 ,& we mu/ rememb] t m5's ideas ( "r always diff]4 ,to admit su* a pr9ciple into ! con/ruction ( oa?s1 if x enable "o man to d mu* good1 w enable sc\ndrels :o creep into (fice to d mu* h>m1 accord+ to _! consci5ces4 ,b yet ! rule1 if x be admitt$1 mu/ be univ]sal4 ,lib]ty becomes1 !n1 matt] ( accid5t4 ,,objection ,v4 ,i %all resign :5ev] a case occurs t requires me to aid 9 return+ a fugitive slave4 ,,answ]4 ,! (fice-hold] has promis$ active ob$i5ce to ! ,con/itution 9 e exig5cy :i* x has contemplat$ & s\ght to provide =4 ,if he promis$1 n mean+ to p]=m 9 c]ta9 cases1 is he n d\bly di%one/8 ,di%one/ to 8 own consci5ce 9 promis+ to d wrong1 & to 8 fell[-citiz5s 9 purpos+ f ! fir/ to break 8 oa?1 z he knew !y und]/ood x8 ,if he _h sworn1 n reg>d+ any?+ z immoral :i* he b\nd himself to d1 & aft]w>ds f\nd 9 ! oa? some?+ aga9/ 8 consci5ce ( :i* he 0 n at fir/ aw>e1 or if by *ange ( views he _h come to deem s9ful :at be=e he ?\ght "r1 !n d\btless1 by promptly resign+1 he might escape guilt4 ,b is n ! case diff]5t1 :5 among ! acts promis$ are "s kn[n at ! "t to be morally wrong8 ',x is a s9 to swe> unto s91' says ! poet1 al?\gh x be1 z he truly adds1 'a great] s9 to keep ! s9ful oa?4' ,! capta9 has no "r to put to sea1 & resign :5 ! /orm comes4 ,besides :at supports a wick$ gov]nm5t m ?an good m5 tak+ (fice "u x1 ev5 ?\gh !y secretly det]m9e n to c>ry out all its provisions8 ,! slave balanc+ 9 8 lonely hovel ! *ance ( escape1 kn[s no?+ ( y\r secret res]vations1 y\r future int5tions4 ,he sees only ! sw>m+ millions at ! ,nor? o/5sibly sworn to re/ore him to 8 ma/]1 if he escape a little way4 ,p]*ance x is y\r false oa?1 :i* y don't mean to keep1 t makes him turn f ! attempt 9 despair4 ,he kn[s y only--! _w kn[s only by y\r actions1 n y\r int5tions1 & ^? side ) 8 ma/]4 ,! pray] :i* he lifts to ,heav51 9 8 despair1 numb]s y rightly among 8 oppressors4 ,,objection ,,vi4 ,i %all only take su* an (fice z br+s me into no connection ) slav]y4 ,,answ]4 ,gov]nm5t is a :ole2 unless ea* 9 8 circle aids 8 next neighbor1 ! ma*9e w /& /ill4 ,! ,s5ator does n himself return ! fugitive slave1 b he appo9ts ! ,m>%al1 ^: duty x is to d s4 ,! ,/ate repres5tative does n himself appo9t ! ,judge :o signs ! w>rant = ! slave's recapture1 b he *ooses ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator :o does appo9t t ,judge4 ,! elector does n himself ord] out ! militia to resi/ dome/ic viol5ce1 b he elects ! ,presid5t1 ^: duty requires1 t a case occurr+1 he %\ld d s4 ,to suppose t ea* ( ^! may d t "p ( 8 duty t suits him1 & leave ! re/ undone1 is practical an>*y4 ,x is br++ ourselves precisely to t /ate :i* ! ,hebrew describes4 ,9 ^? days !re 0 no k+ 9 ,israel1 b ea* man did :at 0 "r 9 8 own eyes4 ,?is is all consi/5t 9 u1 :o hold t man is to d "r1 ev5 if an>*y foll[s4 ,h[ absurd to set up su* a s*eme1 & miscall x a gov]nm5t1--:]e nobody gov]ns1 b ev]ybody does z he pleases4 ,,objection ,,vii4 ,z m5 & all _! works are imp]fect1 we may innoc5tly support a ,gov]nm5t :i*1 along ) _m bless+s1 assi/s 9 ! p]petration ( "s wrong4 ,,answ]4 ,z nobody disputes t we may rightly assi/ ! wor/ ,gov]nm5t 9 do+ good1 provid$ we c d s )\t at ! same "t aid+ x 9 ! wrong x p]petrates1 ?is mu/ mean1 ( c\rse1 t x is "r to aid & obey a ,gov]nm5t 9 do+ wrong1 if we ?9k t1 on ! :ole1 ! ,gov]nm5t effects m good ?an h>m4 ,o!rwise ! :ole argum5t is irrelevant1 = ?is is ! po9t 9 dispute2 s9ce e (fice ( any consequ5ce "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution has "s imm$iate connection ) ,slav]y4 ,let u see to :at l5g?s ?is pr9ciple w c>ry "o4 ,h]od's s]vants1 !n1 7 "r 9 slay+ e *ild 9 ,be?lehem1 f two ye>s old & "u1 provid$ !y ?\ght ,h]od's ,gov]nm5t1 on ! :ole1 m a bless+ ?an a curse to ,judea6 ,! soldi]s ( ,*>les ,,ii4 7 ju/ifi$ 9 %oot+ ! ,cov5ant]s on ! muirs ( ,scotl&1 if !y ?\ght 8 rule 0 bett]1 on ! :ole1 = ,engl&1 ?an an>*y6 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 ! mom5t ! magic w& ( ,gov]nm5t t\*es our vices1 !y />t up into virtues6 ,b has ,gov]nm5t any peculi> "* or privilege 9 ?is respect8 ,oh1 no--,gov]nm5t is only an association ( individuals1 & ! same rules ( morality :i* gov]n my conduct 9 relation to a ?\s& m51 ought to regulate my conduct to any "o4 ,!re=e1 ,i may innoc5tly aid a man 9 do+ wrong1 if ,i ?9k t1 on ! :ole1 he has m virtues ?an vices4 ,if he gives bread to ! hungry six days 9 ! week1 ,i may rightly help him1 on ! sev5?1 9 =g+ bank notes1 or murd]+ 8 fa!r6 ,! pr9ciple goes ?is l5g?1 & e l5g?1 or x _c be prov$ to exi/ at all4 ,x ends at la/1 practically1 9 ! old maxim1 t ! subject & ! soldi] h no "r to keep any consci5ce1 b h only to obey ! rul]s !y s]ve3 = !re are few1 if any1 ,gov]nm5ts ?is side ( ,satan's1 :i* c\ld n1 9 "s s5se1 be said to d m good ?an h>m4 ,n[ ,i c&idly confess1 t ,i _h r be cov]$ all ov] ) inconsi/5cies1 9 ! /ruggle to keep my h&s clean1 ?an settle quietly d[n on su* a pr9ciple z ?is4 ,x is suppos+ t we may-- ,to d a great "r1 d a little wrong2 a rule1 :i* ! ma/] poet ( human nature has rebuk$4 ,x is do+ evil t good may come--a doctr9e1 ( :i* an ,apo/le has pron\nc$ ! condemnation4 ,& let x be rememb]$ t 9 deal+ ) ! "q ( slav]y1 we are n deal+ ) extreme cases4 ,slav]y is no m9ute evil :i* lynx-ey$ suspicion has f]ret$ out4 ,e six? man is a slave4 ,! erm9e ( ju/ice is /a9$4 ,! national bann] cl+s to ! flag-/aff heavy ) blood4 ,! pres]vation ( slav]y1 says our olde/ & able/ /atesman1 is ! vital & animat+ _s ( ! ,national ,gov]nm5t4 ,surely ,,if x be true t a man may ju/ifiably /& connect$ ) a gov]nm5t 9 :i* he sees "s slight evils--/ill x is also true1 ev5 !n1 t gov]nm5ts may s9 s atroci\sly1 s enorm\sly1 may make evil s mu* ! purpose ( _! be+1 z to r5d] x ! duty ( hone/ m5 to wa% _! h&s ( !m4 ,i may give money to a fri5d ^: life has "s ?+s 9 x :i* ,i d n fully approve--b :5 8 nights are pass$ 9 ! bro!l1 & 8 days 9 drunk5ness1 :5 he uses 8 tal5ts to s$uce o!rs1 & 8 gold to pave _! road to ru91 surely ! case is *ang$4 ,i may p]haps sacrifice heal? by /ay+ a:ile 9 a room r ov]heat$1 b ,i %all c]ta9ly see x to be my duty to ru% out1 :5 ! :ole h\se is 9 full blaze4 ,,objection ,,viii4 ,god int5d$ t society & gov]nm5ts %\ld exi/4 ,we !re=e are b\nd to support !m4 ,he has conf]r$ ^u u ! rights ( citiz5%ip 9 ?is c\ntry1 & we _c escape f ! responsibility ( ex]cis+ !m4 ,god made u citiz5s4 ,,answ]4 ,?is rem9ds me ( an old /ory ,i h he>d4 ,:5 ! ,legislature 7 ask$ to set (f a portion ( ! t[n ( ,dor*e/] & call x ,s\? ,bo/on1 ! old m9i/] ( ! t[n is said to h object$1 say+1 ,god made x ,dor*e/]1 & ,dor*e/] x ought to be4 ,god made u social be+s1 x is true1 b society is n necess>ily ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates6 ,because ,god meant "s =m ( gov]nm5t %\ld exi/1 does n at all prove t we are ju/ifi$ 9 support+ a wick$ "o4 ,man conf]s ! rights & regulates ! duties ( citiz5%ip4 ,god nev] made a citiz51 & no "o w escape1 z a man1 f ! s9s he commits z a citiz54 ,?is is ! fir/ "t t x has ev] be5 held an excuse = s9 t we w5t ) ! multitude to d evil6 ,c]ta9ly we c be "u no su* responsibility to become & rema9 citiz5s1 z w excuse u f ! s9ful acts :i* z su* citiz5s we are call$ to commit4 ,does ,god make obligatory on 8 creature ! support ( in/itutions :i* require him to d acts 9 !mselves wrong8 ,to suppose s1 7 to conf\nd all ! rules ( ,god's moral k+dom4 ,presid5t ,wayl& has lately be5 illu/rat+1 & giv+ 8 te/imony to ! pr9ciple1 t a comb9ation ( m5 _c *ange ! moral "* ( an act1 :i* is 9 itself s9ful--t ! law ( morals is b9d+ ! same on communities1 corporations1 c4 z on individuals4 ,aft] describ+ slav]y1 & say+ t to hold a man 9 su* a /ate is wrong--he goes on3 ,i w (f] b "o m supposition4 ,suppose t any numb]1 = in/ance "o half ( ! families 9 our neighborhood1 %\ld by law enact t ! weak] half %\ld be slaves1 t we w\ld ex]cise ov] !m ! au?ority ( ma/]s1 prohibit by law _! in/ruction1 & conc]t among ourselves means = hold+ !m p]man5tly 9 _! pres5t situation4 ,9 :at mann] w\ld ?is alt] ! moral aspect ( ! case8 ,a law 9 ?is case is m]ely a det]m9ation ( "o p>ty1 9 :i* all unite1 to hold ! o!r p>ty 9 bondage2 & a compact by :i* ! :ole p>ty b9d !mselves to assi/ e individual ( !mselves to subdue all resi/ance f ! o!r p>ty1 & gu>antee+ to ea* o!r t ex]cise ( ?is p[] ov] ! weak] p>ty :i* !y n[ possess4 ,n[ ,i _c see t ?is 9 any respect *anges ! nature ( ! p>ties4 ,!y rema91 z be=e1 human be+s1 possess+ ! same intellectual & moral nature1 hold+ ! same relations to ea* o!r & to ,god1 & /ill "u ! same un*angeable law1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself4 ,by ! act ( hold+ a man 9 bondage1 ?is law is violat$4 ,wrong is done1 moral evil is committ$4 ,9 ! =m] case x 0 done by ! individual2 n[ x is done by ! individual & ! society4 ,be=e1 ! individual 0 responsible only = 8 own wrong2 n[ he is responsible bo? = 8 own1 & also1 z a memb] ( ! society1 = all ! wrong :i* ! society b9ds itself to uphold & r5d] p]petual4 ,! scriptures frequ5tly allude to ! fact1 t wrong done by law1 t is by society1 is am5able to ! same retribution z wrong done by ! individual4 ,?us1 ,psalm #id3bj-bc4 ',%all ! ?rone ( iniquity h fell[%ip ) !m :i* frame mis*ief by a law1 & ga!r !mselves toge!r aga9/ ! s\l ( ! righte\s1 & condemn ! innoc5t blood8 ,b ! ,"l is my def5ce2 & my ,god is ! rock ( my refuge4 ,& he %all br+ ^u !m _! own iniquity1 & %all cut !m (f 9 _! own wick$ness2 yea1 ! ,"l our ,god %all cut !m (f' ,s also ,isaiah #aj3a-d4 ',wo unto !m t decree unrighte\s decrees1 & t write griev\sness :i* !y h prescrib$4' c4 ,besides1 p]secution = ! sake ( religi\s op9ion is always p]petrat$ by law2 b ?is 9 no mann] affects its moral "*4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o po9t ( diff]5ce1 :i* arises f ! fact t ?is wrong has be5 e/abli%$ by law4 ,x becomes a social wrong4 ,! individual1 or ^? :o prec$$ him1 may h surr5d]$ _! individual "r ov] x to ! society4 ,9 ?is case x may happ5 t ! individual _c act z he might act1 if ! law _h n be5 made4 ,9 ?is case ! evil c only be eradicat$ by *ang+ ! op9ions ( ! society1 & induc+ !m to aboli% ! law4 ,x w h[ev] be app>5t t ?is1 z ,i said be=e1 does n *ange ! relation ( ! p>ties ei!r to ea* o!r or to ,god4 ,! wrong exi/s z be=e4 ,! individual act is wrong4 ,! law :i* protects x is wrong4 ,! :ole society1 9 putt+ ! law into execution1 is wrong4 ,be=e only ! individual1 n[1 ! :ole society1 becomes ! wrong do]1 & = t wrong1 bo? ! individuals & ! society are held responsible 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,if su* individual act is wrong1 ! man :o kn[+ly does x is surely a s9n]4 ,does ,god1 ?r\gh society1 require m5 to s98 ,,objection ,,ix4 ,if n be+ non-resi/ants1 we conc$e to mank9d ! "r to frame ,gov]nm5ts1 :i* mu/1 f ! v nature ( man1 be m or less evil1 ! "r or duty to support !m1 :5 fram$1 necess>ily foll[s4 ,,answ]4 ,i d n ?9k x foll[s at all4 ,mank9d1 t is1 any numb] ( !m1 h a "r to set up su* =ms ( wor%ip z !y see fit1 b :5 !y h done s1 does x necess>ily foll[ t ,i am 9 duty b\nd to support any "o ( !m1 :e!r ,i approve x or n8 ,gov]nm5t is precisely l any o!r volunt>y association ( individuals--a temp]ance or anti-slav]y society1 a bank or railroad corporation4 ,i jo9 x1 or n1 z duty dictates4 ,if a temp]ance society exi/s 9 ! village :]e ,i am1 t love = my race :i* bids me seek its highe/ good1 comm&s me to jo9 x4 ,s if a ,gov]nm5t is =m$ 9 ! l& :]e ,i live1 ! same feel+ bids me to support x1 if ,i innoc5tly c4 ,?is is ! :ole l5g? ( my duty to ,gov]nm5t4 ,f ! necessity ( ! case1 & t con/itution ( ?+s :i* ,god has orda9$1 x foll[s t 9 any specifi$ di/rict1 ! majority mu/ rule--h5ce results ! duty ( ! m9ority to submit4 ,b we mu/ c>efully pres]ve ! di/9ction betwe5 submission & ob$i5ce --betwe5 submission & support4 ,if ! majority set up an immoral ,gov]nm5t1 ,i obey ^? laws :i* seem to me good1 because !y are good--& ,i submit to all ! p5alties :i* my disob$i5ce ( ! re/ br+s on me4 ,?is is alike ! dictate ( common s5se1 & ! comm& ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,& x mu/ be ! true doctr9e1 s9ce any o!r obliges me to obey ! majority if !y comm& me to commit murd]1 a rule :i* ev5 ! ,tory ,black/one has d5i$4 ,( c\rse = me to d any?+ ,i deem wrong1 is ! same1 9 quality1 z to commit murd]4 ,,objection ,x4 ,b x is said1 y\r !ory results 9 good m5 leav+ gov]nm5t to ! di%one/ & wick$4 ,,answ]4 ,well1 if to su/a9 gov]nm5t we mu/ sacrifice hone/y1 gov]nm5t c\ld n be 9 a m appropriate place1 ?an 9 ! h&s ( di%one/ m54 ,b x by no means foll[s1 t if ,i g out ( gov]nm5t1 ,i leave no?+ b di%one/ m5 beh9d4 ,an act may be s9 to me1 :i* ano!r may s9c]ely ?9k "r--& if s1 let him d x1 till he *anges 8 m9d4 ,i leave gov]nm5t 9 ! h&s ( ^? :om ,i d n ?9k z cle>-sight$ z myself1 b n necess>ily 9 ! h&s ( ! di%one/4 ,:e!r x be s 9 ?is c\ntry n[1 is n1 at pres5t1 ! "q1 b :e!r x w\ld be s necess>ily1 9 all cases4 ,! real "q is1 :at is ! duty ( ^? :o presume to ?9k t ,god has giv5 !m cle>] views ( duty ?an ! bulk ( ^? among :om !y live8 ,don't ?9k u conceit$ 9 suppos+ ourselves a little m enlight5$ ?an our neighbors4 ,x is no great ?+ aft] all to be a little bett] ?an a lyn*+--mobocratic--slavehold+--debt repudiat+ community4 ,:at !n is ! duty ( su* m58 ,d\btless to d all !y c to ext5d to o!rs ! light !y enjoy4 ,w !y be/ d s by compromis+ _! pr9ciples8 by lett+ _! political life give ! lie to _! life ( re=m8 ,:o w h ! mo/ influ5ce1 he ^: life is consi/5t1 or he :o says "o ?+ to-day1 & swe>s ano!r ?+ to-morr[--:o looks "o way & r[s ano!r8 ,my object is to let m5 und]/& me1 & ,i submit t ! body ( ! ,roman p und]/ood bett]1 & felt m e>ne/ly1 ! /ruggle betwe5 ! p & ! pr9ces1 :5 ! little b& ( democrats left ! city & encamp$ on ,mons ,sac]1 outside1 ?an :ile !y rema9$ mix$ up & vot+ ) _! ma/]s1 %\ld] to %\ld]4 ,dissolution is our ,mons ,sac]--,god grant t x may become equally fam\s 9 ! _w's hi/ory z ! spot :]e ! "r triumph$4 ,x is fooli% to suppose t ! position ( su* m51 dive/$ ( ! gl>e ( (ficial di/9ction1 has no weight ) ! p4 ,if x 7 s1 ,i am /ill b\nd to rememb] t ,i 0 n s5t into ! _w to h influ5ce1 b to d my duty accord+ to my own consci5ce4 ,b x is n s4 ,p d "k an hone/ man :5 !y see him4 7,i all[ t ?is is s r>e an ev5t n[-a-days1 z almo/ to ju/ify "o 9 suppos+ !y might h =gott5 h[ he look$47 ,!y w give a man cr$it1 :5 8 life is "o manly te/imony to ! tru?fulness ( 8 lips4 ,ev5 ,lib]ty p>ty1 bl9d z %e is1 has light en\gh to see t ,consi/5cy is ! jewel1 ! ev]y?+ ( su* a cause z ours4 ,! position ( a non-vot]1 9 a l& :]e ! ballot is s mu* idoliz$1 k9dles 9 e behold]'s bosom some?+ ( ! w>m sympa?y :i* waits on ! p]secut$1 c>ries ) x all ! weight ( a dis9t]e/$ te/imony to tru?1 & pricks ea* vot]'s consci5ce ) an uneasy d\bt1 :e!r aft] all vot+ is "r4 ,!re is con/antly a ,mordecai 9 ! gate4 ,i admit t we %\ld /rive to h a political influ5ce--= ) politics is b\nd up mu* ( ! welf>e ( ! p4 ,b ?is objection supposes t ! ballot box is ! only means ( political influ5ce4 ,n[ x is a good ?+ t e man %\ld h ! "r to vote4 ,b x is by no means necess>y t e man %\ld actually vote1 9 ord] to influ5ce 8 times4 ,we by no means necess>ily des]t our social duty :5 we refuse to take (fice1 or to conf] x4 ,lafayette did bett] s]vice to ! cause ( ,fr5* lib]ty :5 he retir$ to ,lagrange & refus$ to ackn[l$ge ,napoleon1 ?an he c\ld h done _h he /ood1 = ye>s1 at ! tyrant's "r h&4 ,f ! sil5ce ( t *amb] !re w5t =? a voice--f ! d>kness ( t retreat !re bur/ =? a light2 feeble inde$ at fir/1 l ! /ruggl+ beams ( ! morn+1 b de/9$ l !m to bright5 into p]fect day4 ,?is objection1 t we non-vot]s %all lose all our influ5ce1 conf\nds ! broad di/9ction betwe5 influ5ce & p[]4 ,influ5ce e hone/ man mu/ & w h1 9 exact proportion to 8 hone/y & ability4 ,god always annexes influ5ce to wor?4 ,! _w1 h[ev] unwill+1 c nev] get free f ! influ5ce ( su* a man4 ,?is influ5ce ! possession ( (fice _c give1 nor ! want ( x take away4 ,= ! ex]cise ( su* influ5ce z ?is1 man is responsible4 ,p[] we buy ( our fell[ m5 at a c]ta9 price4 ,be=e mak+ ! b>ga9 x is our duty to see t we d n pay too de> = our :i/le4 ,he :o buys x at ! price ( tru? & honor1 buys only weakness--& s9s beside4 ,( ^? :o g to ! utmo/ v]ge ( hone/y 9 ord] to rea* ! seats ( worldly p[]1 & b>t] a pure consci5ce = a weighty "n1 x may be well said ) old ,full]1 ,!y ne$ to h /eady heads :o c dive into ^! gulfs ( policy1 & come out ) a safe consci5ce4 ,,objection ,,xi4 ,?is )draw+ f gov]nm5t is ph>isaical--,%all we1 'weak1 s9ful m51' "o says1 p]haps ev5 m s9ful ?an ! slavehold]1 cry out1 ,no ,union ) ,slavehold]s8 ,su* a c\rse is want+ 9 bro!rly k9dness4 ,,answ]4 ,because we refuse to aid a wrong-do] 9 8 s91 we by no means proclaim1 or assume1 t we ?9k our :ole "* bett] ?an 84 ,x is nei!r ph>isaical to h op9ions1 nor presumptu\s to guide our lives by !m4 ,if ,i h jo9$ ) o!rs 9 do+ wrong1 is x ei!r presumptu\s or unk9d1 :5 my eyes are op5$1 to refuse to g any fur!r ) !m 9 _! c>e] ( guilt8 ,does love to ! ?ief require me to help him 9 /eal+8 ,yet ?is is all we refuse to d4 ,we w ext5d to ! slavehold] all ! c\rtesy he w all[4 ,if he is hungry1 we w fe$ him2 if he is 9 want1 bo? h&s %all be /ret*$ out = 8 aid4 ,we w give him full cr$it = all ! good t he does1 & our deep sympa?y 9 all ! temptations "u ^: /r5g? he falls4 ,b to help him 9 8 s91 to rema9 p>tn]s ) him 9 ! slave-trade1 is m ?an he has a "r to ask4 ,he w\ld be a /range prea*] :o %\ld set out to re=m 8 circle by jo9+ 9 all _! s9s6 ,x is a pr9ciple simil> to t :i* ! tipsy ,duke ( ,norfolk act$ on1 :5 see+ a drunk5 fri5d 9 ! gutt]1 he cri$ out1 ,my de> fell[1 ,i c't help y out1 b ,i'll d bett]1 ,i'll lie d[n by y\r side4 ,,objection ,,xii4 ,b consid]1 ! ab/a9+ f all %>e 9 ,gov]nm5t w leave bad m5 to h ev]y?+ _! own way--admit ,texas--ext5d slav]y1 c4 c4 ,,answ]4 ,t is no matt] ( m9e4 ,god1 ! great cons]vative p[] ( ! ,univ]se1 :5 he e/abli%$ ! "r1 saw to x t x %\ld always be ! safe/ & be/4 ,he nev] laid ^u a poor f9ite worm ! /agg]+ load ( foll[+ out into inf9ity ! complex results ( 8 actions4 ,we may re/ on ! bosom ( ,inf9ite ,wisdom1 confid5t t x is en\gh = u to d ju/ice1 he w see to x t happ9ess results4 ,,objection ,,xiii4 ,b ! same consci5ti\s objection aga9/ promis+ y\r support to gov]nm5t1 ought to lead y to avoid actually giv+ y\r support to x by pay+ taxes or sue+ 9 ! c\rts4 ,,answ]4 ,?is is :at logicians call a r$uctio ad absurdum3 an attempt to prove our pr9ciple uns\nd by %[+ t1 fairly c>ri$ out1 x leads to an absurdity4 ,b grant+ all x asks1 x does n saddle u ) any absurdity at all4 ,x is p]fectly possible to live )\t petition+1 sue+1 or hold+ /ocks4 ,?\s&s 9 ?is c\ntry h liv$1 di$1 & be5 buri$1 )\t do+ ei!r4 ,& does x load u ) any absurdity to prove t we %all be oblig$ to d f pr9ciple1 :at ! majority ( our fell[-citiz5s d f *oice8 ,we lawy]s may ?9k x is an absurdity to say a man c't sue1 =1 l ! ,apo/le at ,ephesus1 x t\*es our craft1 b t don't g f> to prove x4 ,!n1 z to taxes1 d\btless _m cases might be imag9$1 :5 e "o w\ld all[ x to be our duty to resi/ ! slighte/ taxation1 did ,*ri/ianity all[ x1 ) w> to ! hilt4 ,if su* cases may ev] arise1 :y may n ?is be "o8 ,until ,i become an ,iri%man1 no "o w ev] conv9ce me t ,i ought to vote1 by prov+ t ,i ought n to pay taxes6 ,suppose all ^! difficulties d really encompass u1 x w n be ! fir/ "t t ! do+ ( "o moral duty has reveal$ a doz5 o!rs :i* we nev] ?\ght (4 ,! *ild has climb$ ! hill ov] 8 native village1 :i* he ?\ght ! end ( ! _w1 & lo6 !re are m\nta9s beyond6 ,he won't rem$y ! matt] by creep+ back to 8 cradle & disbeliev+ 9 m\nta9s6 ,b !n1 is !re any su* inconsi/5cy 9 non-vot]s sue+ & pay+ taxes8 ,look at x4 ,a4 & ,b4 h agre$ on c]ta9 laws1 & appo9t$ ,c4 to execute !m4 ,a4 owes me1 :o am no p>ty to ! contract1 a j debt1 :i* 8 laws oblige him to pay4 ,d ,i ackn[l$ge ! rightfulness ( 8 relation to ,b4 & ,c4 by ask+ ,c4 to use ! p[] giv5 him1 9 my behalf8 ,x appe>s to me t ,i d n4 ,i may surely ask ,a4 to pay me my debt--:y n !n ask ! keep]1 :om he has appo9t$ ov] himself1 to make him d s8 ,i am a prison] among pirates4 ,! mate is abus+ me 9 "s way contr>y to _! laws4 ,d ,i recognize ! rightfulness ( ! ,capta9's au?ority1 by ask+ him to use ! p[] ! mate has cons5t$ to give him1 to protect me8 ,x seems to me t ,i d n necess>ily endorse ! means by :i* a man has acquir$ money or p[]1 :5 ,i ask him to use ei!r 9 my behalf4 ,an ali5 does n recognize ! rightfulness ( a gov]nm5t by liv+ "u x4 ,x has always be5 held t an ,engli% subject may swe> allegiance to an usurp] & yet n be guilty ( treason to ! true k+4 ,because he may innoc5tly ackn[l$ge ! k+ de facto 7! k+ 9 de$17 )\t assum+ him to be k+ de jure 7k+ by "r47 ,! di/9ction itself is z old z ! "t ( ,edw>d ! ,fir/4 ,! pr9ciple is equally applicable to suits4 ,x has be5 univ]sally act$ on & all[$4 ,! ,ca?olic1 :o %rank f ackn[l$g+ ! h]etical ,gov]nm5t ( ,engl&1 always1 ,i believe1 su$ 9 h] c\rts4 ,:o c\ld conv9ce a common man1 t by sue+ 9 ,con/ant9ople or ,timbuctoo1 he does an act :i* makes him responsible = ! "* ( ^? gov]nm5ts8 ,!n1 z = taxes4 ,x is only our volunt>y acts = :i* we are responsible4 ,& :5 did gov]nm5t ev] tru/ tax-pay+ to ! volunt>y good w ( its subjects8 ,:5 x does s1 ,i1 = "o1 w refuse to pay4 ,:5 did any sane man conclude t our ,savi\r's volunt>y paym5t ( a tax ackn[l$g$ ! rightfulness ( ,rome's au?ority ov] ,judea8 ,! ,/ates1 says ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 h only n to elect ,s5ators1 & ?is gov]nm5t expires )\t a /ruggle4 ,e ,novemb]1 !n1 we create ! gov]nm5t anew4 ,n[1 :at in/9ct w tell a common-s5se man1 t ! act ( a sov]eign1--vot+--:i* creates a wick$ gov]nm5t1 is1 ess5tially ! same z ! submission ( a subject1--tax-pay+1--an act done )\t our cons5t4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 t we vote z sov]eigns1--we pay taxes z subjects4 ,:o supposes t ! humble tax-pay] ( ,au/ria1 :o does n1 p]haps1 "k 9 :at "n ! *>t] ( 8 bondage runs1 is responsible = ! do+s ( ,mett]ni*8 ,& :at sane man lik5s 8 position to t ( ! vot+ sov]eign ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,my innoc5t acts may1 ?r\gh o!rs' malice1 result 9 evil4 ,9 t case1 x w be = my be/ judgm5t to det]m9e :e!r to cont9ue or cease !m4 ,!y are n !reby r5d]$ ess5tially s9ful4 ,= in/ance1 ,i walk out on ,sabba? morn+4 ,! prie/ ov] ! way w exclaim1 ,sabba?-break]1 & ! infidel w delude 8 foll[]s1 by tell+ !m ,i h no reg>d = ,*ri/ianity4 ,/ill1 x w be = me to settle :i*1 9 pres5t circum/ances1 is be/1--to rema9 91 & n be miscon/ru$1 or to g out & be> a te/imony aga9/ ! sup]/iti\s keep+ ( ! day4 ,diff]5t circum/ances w dictate diff]5t action on su* a po9t4 ,i may (t5 be ! occasion ( evil :5 ,i am n responsible = x4 ,_m innoc5t acts occasion evil1 & 9 su* case all ,i am b\nd to ask myself be=e do+ su* innoc5t act1 is1 ,%all ,i occasion1 on ! :ole1 m h>m or good4 ,!re are _m cases :]e do+ a duty ev51 we %all occasion evil & s9 9 o!rs4 ,to save a slavehold] f dr[n+1 :5 we "k he has made a w free+ 8 slaves1 w\ld put (f1 p]haps =ev]1 _! emancipation1 b ( c\rse t is n my fault4 ,?is mak+ a man responsible = all ! evil 8 acts1 incid5tally1 )\t 8 w1 occasion1 rem9ds me ( t pr9ciple ( ,turki% law :i* ,dr4 ,cl>ke m5tions1 9 8 travels1 & :i* !y call homicide by an int]m$iate cause4 ,! case he relates is ?is3 ,a "y man 9 love poison$ himself1 because ! girl's fa!r refus$ 8 cons5t to ! m>riage4 ,! ,cadi s5t5c$ ! fa!r to pay a f9e ( #hj1 say+ if y _h n _h a daught]1 ?is "y man _h n lov$2 if he _h n lov$1 he _h nev] be5 disappo9t$2 if n disappo9t$1 he w\ld nev] h tak5 poison4 ,x 0 ! same ,cadi possibly1 :o s5t5c$ ! isl& ( ,samos to pay = ! wreck+ ( a vessel1 on ! pr9ciple t if ! isl& _h n be5 9 ! way1 ! vessel w\ld nev] h be5 wreck$6 ,!n ( taxes on imports4 ,buy+ & sell+1 & c>ry+ f c\ntry to c\ntry1 is good & innoc5t4 ,b gov]nm5t1 if ,i trade "h1 w take occasion to squeeze money out ( me4 ,v well4 ,i %all delib]ate :e!r ,i w cease trad+1 & deprive !m ( ! opportunity1 or g on & use my weal? to re=m !m4 ',tis a "q ( exp$i5cy1 n ( "r1 :i* my judgm5t1 n my consci5ce1 mu/ settle4 ,an act ( m9e1 innoc5t 9 itself1 & done f "r motives1 no aft] act ( ano!r's c make a s94 ,to import1 is rightful4 ,aft]-taxation1 aga9/ my cons5t1 _c make x wrong4 ,nei!r am ,i oblig$ to smuggle1 9 ord] to avoid x4 ,i include 9 ^! rem>ks1 all taxes1 :e!r on prop]ty1 or imports1 or railroads4 ,a *emi/1 hundr$s ( ye>s ago1 f9ds out h[ to temp] /eel4 ,! art is useful = mak+ knives1 lancets1 & ma*9]y4 ,b he kn[s t ! bad w abuse x by mak+ swords & dagg]s4 ,is he responsible8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,simil> to ?is is trad+ 9 ,am]ica1--kn[+ gov]nm5t w ?us h an opportunity to increase its rev5ue4 ,b suppose ! *emi/ to see two m5 fight+1 "o has ! o!r d[n1--to ! fir/ our *emi/ pres5ts a f9ely temp]$ dagg]4 ,su* is vot+ "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution--appo9t+ an (fic] to help ! oppressor4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 vot+ & tax-pay+ is simply ?is3 ,i may d an act "r 9 itself1 ?\gh ,i "k "s evil w result4 ,paul 0 b\nd to prea* ! gospel to ! ,jews1 ?\gh he knew "s ( !m w\ld !reby be l$ to add to _! s9s by curs+ & mobb+ him4 ,s ,i may locate prop]ty 9 ,philadelphia1 trade !re1 & ride on its railroads1 ?\gh ,i "k gov]nm5t w1 )\t my cons5t1 !reby enri* itself4 ,o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ( c\rse ,i %all n all[ x ! opportunity4 ,b ! advantages & good results ( my do+ s1 may be su* z w\ld make x my duty !re to live & trade1 ev5 subject to su* an evil4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 ,i may n d an act wrong 9 itself to secure any am\nt ( fanci$ good4 ,n[1 appo9t+ a man by my vote to a pro-slav]y (fice1 7& su* is e "o "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution17 is wrong 9 itself1 & no o!r good de$s :i* su* (fic] may d1 w ju/ify an abolitioni/ 9 s appo9t+ him4 ,let x n be said1 t ?is reason+ w apply to vot+--t vot+ is ! "r ( e human be+1 7:i* ,i grant only = ! sake ( argum5t17 & innoc5t 9 itself4 ,vot+ "u our ,con/itution is appo9t+ a man to swe> to protect1 & actually to protect slav]y4 ,n[1 appo9t+ ag5ts g5]ally is ! "r ( e man1 & innoc5t 9 itself1 b appo9t+ an ag5t to commit a murd] is s94 ,i trade1 & gov]nm5t taxes me2 d ,i au?orize x8 ,no4 ,i vote1 & ! m>%al :om my ag5t appo9ts1 returns a slave to ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,d ,i au?orize x8 ,yes4 ,i knew x w\ld be 8 sworn duty1 :5 ,i vot$2 & ,i ass5t$ to x1 by vot+ "u ! ,con/itution :i* makes x 8 duty4 ,if ,i trade1 x is said1 ,i may =esee t gov]nm5t w be help$ by ! taxes ,i pay1 !re=e ,i ought n to trade4 ,b ,i d n trade = ! purpose ( pay+ taxes6 ,& if ,i am to be *>g$ ) all ! =ese5 results ( my actions1 !n ,g>rison is responsible = ! ,bo/on mob6 ,! reason :y ,i am responsible = ! pro-slav]y act ( a ,unit$ ,/ates (fic]1 = :om ,i h vot$1 is ?is3 ,i mu/ be suppos$ to h int5d$ t :i* my ag5t is b\nd by 8 contract ) me 7t is1 8 oa? ( (fice7 to d4 ,all[ me to reque/ our oppos]s to keep di/9ctly 9 view ! precise po9t 9 debate4 ,?is is n :e!r ,massa*usetts c rightfully trade & make treaties ) ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 al?\gh %e kn[s t su* a c\rse w result 9 /r5g!n+ a wrongdo]4 ,su* are mo/ ( ! cases :i* !y consid] p>allel to ours1 & = p]mitt+ :i* !y *>ge u ) inconsi/5cy4 ,b ! "q really is1 :e!r ,massa*usetts c jo9 h&s & /r5g? ) ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 = ! express & av[$ purpose ( su/a9+ ,slav]y4 ,?is %e does 9 ! ,con/itution4 ,= he :o swe>s to support an in/rum5t ( twelve clauses1 swe>s to support "o z well z ano!r1--& ?\gh "o only be immoral1--/ill he swe>s to d an immoral act4 ,n[1 my conviction is1 :i* fire w n burn out ( me1 t to return fugitive slaves is s9--to promise s to d1 & n d x1 is1 if possible1 bas] /ill2 & t any conjunction ( circum/ances :i* makes ei!r necess>y1 is ( ! ,devil1 & n ( ,god4 ,,objection ,,xiv4 ,duty requires ( a non-vot] to quit ! c\ntry1 & g :]e 8 taxes w n help to build up slav]y4 ,,answ]4 ,god gave me my bir? "h4 ,because bad m5 ab\t me play su* tricks be=e high ,heav51 z make ! angels weep1 does x oblige me to quit8 ,i h z good "r "h z !y4 ,if !y *oose to leave1 let !m--,i ,%all rema94 ',tw\ld be a pretty ?+1 inde$1 if1 z (t5 z ,i f\nd myself next door to a bad man1 :o w\ld br+ up 8 *ildr5 to /eal my apples & break my w9d[s1 ,i 7 oblig$ to take ! temptation away by cutt+ d[n all my apple trees & mov+ my h\se fur!r we/1 into ! wild]ness4 ,?is w\ld be1 9 good ,john ,wesley's phrase1 giv+ up all ! good times to ! devil1 ) a witness4 ,,objection ,,xv4 ,society has ! "r to prescribe ! t]ms1 ^u ! express$ or impli$ agreem5t to comply ) :i* a p]son may reside )9 its limits4 ,,answ]4 ,?is pr9ciple ,i utt]ly d5y4 ,all t ,society has a "r to dem& is peaceful submission to its exactions3--cons5t !y h nei!r ! p[] nor ! "r to exact or to imply4 ,tw5ty m5 live on a lone isl&4 ,n9ete5 set up a gov]nm5t & say1 e man :o lives !re %all wor%ip idols4 ,! tw5tie? submits to all _! laws1 b refuses to commit idolatry4 ,h !y ! "r to say1 ,d s1 or quit2 or1 to say1 ,if y /ay1 we w consid] y z impli$ly wor%ipp+ idols8 ,d\btless !y h ! p[]1 b ! majority h no rights1 except ^? :i* ju/ice sanctions4 ,w ! objector %[ me ! ju/ice ( 8 pr9ciple8 ,i 0 born "h4 ,i ask no man's p]mission to rema94 ,all t any man or body ( m5 h a "r to inf] f my /ay+ "h1 is t1 9 do+ ?is innoc5t act1 ,i ?9k1 t on ! :ole1 ,i am effect+ m good ?an h>m4 ,lawy]s say1 ,i _c f9d ?is "r laid d[n 9 ! books4 ,t w n tr\ble me4 ,"s old play has a "* 9 x :o nev] ties 8 neckclo? )\t a w>rant f ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,ov]do4 ,i claim no relation%ip to t v scrupul\s individual4 ,,objection ,,xvi4 ,^! clauses1 to :i* y ref]1 are inconsi/5t ) ! ,preamble ( ! ,con/itution1 :i* describes x z made to e/abli% ju/ice & secure ! bless+s ( lib]ty to ourselves & our po/]ity3 ,& z1 :5 two clauses ( ! same in/rum5t are inconsi/5t1 "o mu/ yield & be held void--we hold ^! ?ree clauses void4 ,,answ]4 ,a specific clause is n to be held void on acc\nt ( g5]al t]ms1 su* z ^? ( ! preamble4 ,x is r to be tak5 z an exception1 all[$ & admitt$ at ! "t1 to ^? g5]al t]ms4 ,aga94 ,y say !y are inconsi/5t4 ,b ! ,c\rts & ! ,p d n ?9k s4 ,n[ !y1 be+ ! majority1 settle ! law4 ,! "q !n is1 :e!r ! law be+ settl$1--& accord+ to y\r belief settl$ immorally1--y w volunte] y\r s]vices to execute x & c>ry x into effect8 ,?is y d by becom+ an (ficehold]4 ,x seems to me ?is "q c receive b "o answ] f hone/ m54 ,,la/ ,,( ,,all1 ,,! ,,objector ,,cries ,,out1 ,! ,con/itution may be am5d$1 & ,i %all vote to h x *ang$4 ,,answ]4 ,b at pres5t x is necess>y to swe> to support x z x is4 ,:at ! ,con/itution may become1 a c5tury h5ce1 we "k n2 we speak ( x z x is1 & repudiate x z x is4 ,h[ long may "o promise to d evil1 9 hope "s "t or o!r to get ! p[] to d good8 ,we w n br& ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z pro-slav]y1 aft]--x _h ceas$ to be s6 ,?is objection rem9ds me ( ,miss ,m>t9eau's /ory ( ! little boy1 :o hurt himself1 & sat cry+ on ! sidewalk4 ,don't cry6 said a fri5d1 x won't hurt y tomorr[4--,well !n1 said ! *ild1 ,i won't cry tomorr[4 ,we come !n1 x seems to me1 back to our orig9al conclusion3 t ! man :o swe>s to support ! ,con/itution1 swe>s to support ! :ole ( x1 pro-slav]y clauses & all1--t he swe>s to support x z x is1 n z x h]eaft] may become1--t he swe>s to support x 9 ! s5se giv5 to x by ! ,c\rts & ! ,nation1 n z he *ooses to und]/& x1--& t ! ,c\rts & ! ,nation expect su* an "o 9 (fice to d 8 %>e t[>d ! suppression ( slave1 z well z o!r1 insurrections1 & to aid ! return ( fugitive slaves4 ,aft] an abolitioni/ has tak5 su* an oa?1 or by 8 vote s5t ano!r to take x = him1 ,i d n see h[ he c look 8 own pr9ciples 9 ! face4 ,?\ t prea*e/ a man %\ld n /eal1 do/ ?\ lie8 ,we :o call ^u ! slavehold] to d "r1 no matt] :at ! consequ5ces or ! co/1 are c]ta9ly b\nd to look well to our own example4 ,at lea/ we c h>dly expect to w9 ! ma/] to d ju/ice by sett+ him an example ( p]jury4 ,x is almo/ an insult 9 an abolitioni/1 :ile n will+ to sacrifice ev5 a petty ballot = 8 pr9ciples1 to dem& ( ! slavehold] t he give up weal?1 home1 old prejudices & social position at _! call4 ,,extracts ,,f ,j4,q4 ,,adams4 ,! b5efits ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7 ! re/oration ( cr$it & reputation1 to ! c\ntry--! revival ( comm]ce1 navigation1 & %ip build+--! acquisition ( ! means ( dis*>g+ ! debts ( ! ,revolution1 & ! protection & enc\ragem5t ( ! infant & droop+ manufactures ( ! c\ntry4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 z is n[ well asc]ta9$1 0 insuffici5t to propitiate ! rul]s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates to ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution4 ,:at !y specially want$ 0 protection4 ,protection f ! p[]ful & savage tribes ( ,indians )9 _! bord]s1 & :o 7 h>ass+ !m ) ! mo/ t]rible ( w>s--& protection f _! own negroes--protection f _! insurrections--protection f _! escape--protection ev5 to ! trade by :i* !y 7 br\ght into ?is c\ntry--protection1 %all ,i n blu% to say1 protection to ! v bondage by :i* !y 7 held4 ,yes6 x _c be d5i$--! slavehold+ lords ( ! ,s\? prescrib$1 z a condition ( _! ass5t to ! ,con/itution1 ?ree special provisions to secure ! p]petuity ( _! dom9ion ov] _! slaves4 ,! fir/ 0 ! immunity = tw5ty ye>s ( pres]v+ ! ,african slave-trade2 ! second 0 ! /ipulation to surr5d] fugitive slaves--an engagem5t positively prohibit$ by ! laws ( ,god1 deliv]$ f ,s9ai2 & ?irdly1 ! exaction1 fatal to ! pr9ciples ( popul> repres5tation1 ( a repres5tation = slaves--= articles ( m]*&ise1 "u ! "n ( p]sons4 ,9 outw>d %[1 x is a repres5tation ( p]sons 9 bondage2 9 fact1 x is a repres5tation ( _! ma/]s1--! oppressor repres5t+ ! oppress$4--,is x 9 ! compass ( human imag9ation to devise a m p]fect exemplification ( ! art ( committ+ ! lamb to ! t5d] cu/ody ( ! wolf8--,! repres5tative is ?us con/itut$1 n ! fri5d1 ag5t & tru/ee ( ! p]son :om he repres5ts1 b ! mo/ invet]ate ( 8 foes4 ,to call gov]nm5t ?us con/itut$ a democracy1 is to insult ! und]/&+ ( mank9d4 ,x is d\bly ta9t$ ) ! infection ( ri*es & ( slav]y4 ,!re is no "n 9 ! language ( national jurisprud5ce t c def9e x--no model 9 ! records ( anci5t hi/ory1 or 9 ! political !ories ( ,ari/otle1 ) :i* x c be lik5$4 ,"h is "o class ( m51 consi/+ ( n m ?an "o-=tie? "p ( ! :ole p1 n m ?an "o-?irtie? "p ( ! free population1 exclusively devot$ to _! p]sonal int]e/s id5tifi$ ) _! own z slavehold]s ( ! same associat$ weal?1 & wield+ by _! votes1 ^u e "q ( gov]nm5t or ( public policy1 two-fif?s ( ! :ole p[] ( ! ,h\se4 ,9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,union1 ! proportion ( ! slavehold+ p[] is yet great]4 ,its op]ation ^u ! gov]nm5t ( ! nation is1 to e/abli% an artificial majority 9 ! slave repres5tation ov] t ( ! free p1 9 ! ,am]ican ,congress1 & !reby to make ! ,,pres]vation1 ,,propagation1 ,,& ,,p]petuation ,,( ,,slav]y ,,! ,,vital ,,& ,,animat+ ,,_s ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,gov]nm5t4--,! result is se5 9 ! fact t1 at ?is day1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & five out ( n9e ( ! ,judges ( ! ,supreme ,judicial ,c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 are n only citiz5s ( slavehold+ ,/ates1 b individual slavehold]s !mselves4 ,s are1 & con/antly h be51 ) sc>cely an exception1 all ! memb]s ( bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress f ! slavehold+ ,/ates2 & s are1 9 imm5sely disproportionate numb]s1 ! comm&+ (fic]s ( ! army & navy2 ! (fic]s ( ! cu/oms2 ! regi/]s & receiv]s ( ! l& (fices1 & ! po/-ma/]s ?r\gh\t ! slavehold+ ,/ates4 ,fell[-citiz5s1--) a body ( m5 ?us compos$1 = legislators & executors ( ! laws1 :at w1 :at mu/ be1 :at has be5 y\r legislation8 ,! numb]s ( freem5 con/itut+ y\r nation are mu* great] ?an ^? ( ! slavehold+ ,/ates1 bond & free4 ,y h at lea/ ?ree-fif?s ( ! :ole population ( ! ,union4 ,y\r influ5ce on ! legislation & ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,gov]nm5t ought to be 9 ! proportion ( ?ree to two4 ,b h[ /&s ! fact8 ,besides ! legitimate portion ( influ5ce ex]cis$ by ! slavehold+ ,/ates by ! measure ( _! numb]s1 "h is an intrusive influ5ce 9 e dep>tm5t1 by a repres5tation1 nom9ally ( p]sons1 b really ( prop]ty1 o/5sibly ( slaves1 b effectively ( _! ma/]s1 ov]balanc+ y\r sup]iority ( numb]s1 add+ two-fif?s ( supplem5t>y p[] to ! two-fif?s fairly secur$ to !m by ! compact1 ,,controll+ ,,& ,,ov]rul+ ,,! ,,:ole ,,action ,,( ,,y\r ,,gov]nm5t ,,& ,,home ,,& ,,abroad1 & w>p+ x to ! sordid private int]e/ & oppressive policy ( #cjj1jjj own]s ( slaves4 ,9 ! ,articles ( ,conf$]ation1 !re 0 no gu>anty = ! prop]ty ( ! slavehold]--no d\ble repres5tation ( him 9 ! ,f$]al c\ncils--no p[] ( taxation--no /ipulation = ! recov]y ( fugitive slaves4 ,b :5 ! p[]s ( gov]nm5t came to be delegat$ to ! ,union1 ! ,s\?--t is1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia--refus$ _! subscription to ! p>*m5t1 till x %\ld be saturat$ ) ! infection ( slav]y1 :i* no fumigation c\ld purify1 no qu>ant9e c\ld ext+ui%4 ,! freem5 ( ! ,nor? gave way1 & ! deadly v5om ( slav]y 0 infus$ into ! ,con/itution ( fre$om4 ,its fir/ consequ5ce has be5 to inv]t ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ,democracy1 t ! w ( ! majority %all rule ! l&4 ,by means ( ! d\ble repres5tation1 ! m9ority comm& ! :ole1 & a ,,knot ,,( ,,slavehold]s ,,give ,,! ,,law ,,& ,,prescribe ,,! ,,policy ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry4 ,,! ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,exam9]4 ,,address ,,to ,,! ,,fri5ds ,,( ,,con/itutional ,,lib]ty1 ,,on ,,! ,,violation ,,by ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,,( ,,! ,,"r ,,( ,,petition ,,at ,,! ,,executive ,,committee ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,anti-,,slav]y ,,society1 ,,no4 #adc ,,nassau ,,/reet4 #ahdj4 ,?is ,no4 conta9s #a %eet4--,po/age1 "u #ajj miles1 #a-a_/b ct4 ov] #ajj1 #b-a_/b cts4 ,please ,read & circulate4 ,,address4 ,,to ,,! ,,fri5ds ,,( ,,con/itutional ,,lib]ty3-- ,!re 0 a "t1 fell[ citiz5s1 :5 ! above address w\ld h includ$ ! ,,p ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,b1 alas6 ! fre$om ( ! press1 fre$om ( spee*1 & ! "r ( petition1 are n[ hat$ & dread$ by our ,s\!rn citiz5s1 z ho/ile to ! p]petuity ( human bondage2 :ile1 by _! political influ5ce 9 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 !y h induc$ numb]s at ! ,nor? to unite ) !m 9 _! sacrilegi\s crusade aga9/ ^! ine/imable privileges4 ,on ! #bh? ,janu>y la/1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 on motion ( ,mr4 ,johnson1 f ,m>yl&1 made x a /&+ ,,rule ( ! ,h\se t no petition1 memorial1 resolution1 or o!r pap]1 pray+ ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 or any ,/ate or ,t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 :i* x n[ exi/s1 ,,%all ,,be ,,receiv$ ,,by ,,! ,,h\se1 ,,or ,,ent]ta9$ ,,9 ,,any ,,way ,,:atev]4 ,?us has ! ,,"r ,,( ,,petition be5 immolat$ 9 ! v ,temple ( ,lib]ty1 & (f]$ up1 a propitiatory sacrifice to ! demon ( slav]y4 ,nev] be=e has an outrage s unblu%+ly pr(ligate be5 p]petrat$ ^u ! ,f$]al ,con/itution4 ,yet1 :ile we m\rn ! deg5]acy :i* ?is transaction ev9ces1 we behold1 9 its att5d+ circum/ances1 joyful om5s ( ! triumph :i* awaits our /ruggle ) ! hateful p[] t n[ p]v]ts ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t into an eng9e ( cruelty & loa?some oppression4 ,be=e we congratulate y on ^! om5s1 let u recall to y\r recollection ! /eps by :i* ! enemies ( human rights h advanc$ to _! pres5t ra% & insol5t defiance ( moral & con/itutional obligation4 ,9 #ahca1 a newspap] 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,bo/on1 = ! purpose ( dissem9at+ facts & argum5ts 9 favor ( ! duty & policy ( imm$iate emancipation4 ,! ,legislature ( ,georgia1 ) all ! recklessness ( despotism1 pass$ a law1 (f]+ a rew>d ( #ejjj1 = ! abduction ( ! ,editor1 & 8 deliv]y 9 ,georgia4 ,z !re 0 no law1 by :i* a citiz5 ( ,massa*usetts c\ld be tri$ 9 ,georgia1 = express+ 8 op9ions 9 ! capital ( 8 own ,/ate1 ?is rew>d 0 int5d$ z ! price ( ,,blood4 ,d y />t at ! sugge/ion8 ,rememb] ! sev]al sums ( #be1jjj1 ( #ej1jjj1 & ( #ajj1jjj1 (f]$ 9 ,s\!rn pap]s = kidnapp+ c]ta9 abolitioni/s4 ,rememb] ! horrible inflictions by ,s\!rn ,lyn* clubs4 ,rememb] ! decl>ation1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 by ! braz5-front$ ,pre/on1 t1 %\ld an abolitioni/ be caught 9 ,c>ol9a1 he w\ld be ,,hang$4 ,b1 z ! ,slavehold]s c\ld n de/roy ! lives ( ! ,abolitioni/s1 !y det]m9$ to murd] _! *>act]s4 ,h5ce1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 induc$1 9 8 ,message ( #ahce1 to ,congress1 to *>ge !m ) plott+ ! massacre ( ! ,s\!rn plant]s2 & ev5 to /ultify himself1 by affirm+ t1 = ?is purpose1 !y 7 engag$ 9 s5d+1 by mail1 inflammatory appeals to ! slaves--s5d+ pap]s to m5 :o c\ld n read !m1 & by a conveyance ?r\gh :i* !y c\ld n receive !m6 ,he well knew t ! pap]s allud$ to 7 appeals on ! immorality ( conv]t+ m51 wom51 & *ildr51 into bea/s ( burd51 & 7 s5t to ! ma/]s1 = _! consid]ation4 ,! ma/]s 9 ,*>le/on1 dread+ ! moral influ5ce ( ^! appeals on ! consci5ce ( ! slavehold+ community1 =c$ ! ,po/ ,(fice1 & made a bonfire ( ! pap]s4 ,! ,po/ ,ma/] ,g5]al1 ) ! sanction ( ! ,presid5t1 also ha/5$ to _! relief1 &1 9 violation ( oa?s1 & laws1 & ! con/itution1 e/abli%$ t5 ?\s& c5sors ( ! press1 ea* "o ( :om 0 au?oriz$ to ab/ract f ! mail e pap] :i* he might ?9k too favorable to ! rights ( man4 ,= m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 petitions h be5 pres5t$ to ,congress1 = ! abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,! "r to pres5t !m1 & ! p[] ( ,congress to grant _! pray]1 71 until rec5tly1 unque/ion$4 ,b ! rapid multiplication ( ^! petitions al>m$ ! slavehold]s1 &1 kn[+ t !y t5d$ to keep alive at ! ,nor?1 an int]e/ 9 ! slave1 !y deem$ x good policy to disc\rage &1 if possible1 suppress all su* applications4 ,h5ce ,mr4 ,p9ckney's fam\s resolution1 9 #ahcf1 decl>+1 t all petitions1 or pap]s1 relat+ 9 any way1 or to any ext5t :atev] to ! subject ( slav]y1 %all1 )\t be+ pr9t$ or ref]r$1 be laid on ! table2 & no fur!r action1 :atev] %all be _h !reon6 ,! peculi> atrocity ( ?is resolution 01 t x n m]ely trampl$ ^u ! rights ( ! petition]s1 b took f ea* memb] ( ! ,h\se 8 und\bt$ privilege1 z a legislator ( ! ,di/rict1 to introduce any proposition he might ?9k prop]1 = ! protection ( ! slaves4 ,9 e ,slave ,/ate !re are laws af=d+1 at lea/1 "s nom9al protection to ^! unhappy be+s2 b1 accord+ to ?is resolution1 slaves might be flay$ alive 9 ! /reets ( ,wa%+ton1 & no repres5tative ( ! p c\ld (f] ev5 a resolution = inquiry4 ,& ?is vile outrage ^u con/itutional lib]ty 0 av[$ly p]petrat$ to repress agitation1 to allay excitem5t1 & re-e/abli% h>mony & tranquillity among ! v>i\s sections ( ! ,union66 ,b ?is /range opiate did n produce ! /upefy+ effects anticipat$ f x4 ,9 #ahcf1 ! petition]s 7 only #cg1jjj--! next session !y numb]$ #aaj1jjj4 ,mr4 ,hawes1 ( ,ky41 n[ essay$ to re/ore tranquillity1 by gagg+ ! uneasy multitude2 b1 alas6 at ! next ,congress1 m ?an #cjj1jjj petition]s c>ri$ new t]ror to ! he>ts ( ! slavehold]s4 ,! next anodyne 0 prescrib$ by ,mr4 ,patton1 ( ,va41 b its effect 0 to r\se f _! /upor "s ( ! ,nor!rn ,legislatures1 & to induce !m to d5\nce 8 rem$y z a usurpation ( p[]1 a violation ( ! ,con/itution1 subv]sive ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! gov]nm5t1 & at w> ) ! pr]ogatives ( ! p4#aje ,x 0 n[ suppos$ t ! p mo/ be drugg$ by a nor!rn man1 & ,a!rton 0 f\nd a fit in/rum5t = ?is vile purpose2 b ! dose prov$ only ! m nause\s & excit+ f ! f\l h&s by :i* x 0 adm9i/]$4 ,footnote #aje3 ,resolutions ( ,massa*usetts & ,connecticut1 ,april & ,may1 #ahch4 ,9 ^! v>i\s outrages1 al?\gh all action on ! petitions 0 prohibit$1 ! pap]s !mselves 7 receiv$ & laid on ! table1 & !re=e x 0 cont5d$1 t ! "r ( petition _h be5 pres]v$ inviolate4 ,b ! slavehold]s1 madd5$ by ! failure ( all _! devices1 & fe>+ ! influ5ce :i* ! m]e sight ( ?\s&s & t5s ( ?\s&s ( petitions 9 behalf ( lib]ty1 w\ld ex]t1 &1 tak+ advantage ( ! approa*+ presid5tial election to op]ate ^u ! selfi%ness ( "s nor!rn memb]s1 h succe$$ 9 cru%+ ! "r ( petition itself4 ,t y may be ! m s5sible1 fell[ citiz5s1 ( ! exce$+ pr(ligacy ( ! late ,,rule & ( its palpable violation ( bo? ! _s & ! lett] ( ! ,con/itution1 :i* ^? :o vot$ = x _h sworn to support1 suff] u to recall to y\r recollection a few hi/orical facts4 ,! fram]s ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution suppos$ ! "r ( petition too firmly e/abli%$ 9 ! habits & affections ( ! p1 to ne$ a con/itutional gu>antee4 ,_! omission to notice x1 r\s$ ! jeal\sy ( "s ( ! ,/ate conv5tions1 call$ to pass ^u ! con/itution4 ,! ,virg9ia conv5tion propos$1 z an am5dm5t1 t e freeman has a "r to petition1 or apply to ! ,legislature1 = a r$ress ( grievances4 ,& ?is am5dm5t1 ) o!rs1 0 ord]$ to be =w>d$ to ! diff]5t ,/ates1 = _! consid]ation4 ,! ,conv5tions ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,new ,york1 & ,rhode ,isl&1 7 held subsequ5tly1 &1 ( c\rse1 _h be=e !m ! ,virg9ia am5dm5t4 ,! ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,conv5tion adopt$ a decl>ation ( rights1 embrac+ ! v words ( ! propos$ am5dm5t2 & ?is decl>ation 0 ord]$ to be submitt$ to ,congress1 be=e t ,/ate w\ld ent] ! ,union4 ,! ,conv5tions ( ,new ,york & ( ,rhode ,isl& incorporat$ 9 _! c]tificates ( ratification1 ! ass]tion t ,e p]son has a "r to petition or apply to ! legislature = a r$ress ( grievances--us+ ! ,virg9ia phraseology1 m]ely sub/itut+ ! ^w p]son = freeman1 ?us claim+ ! "r ( petition ev5 = slaves2 :ile ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a conf9$ x to freem54 ,! fir/ ,congress1 assembl$ "u ! ,con/itution1 gave effect to ! wi%es ?us emphatically express$1 by propos+1 z an am5dm5t1 t ,congress %all make no law respect+ an e/abli%m5t ( religion1 or prohibit+ ! free ex]cise !re(1 or abridg+ ! fre$om ( ! press1 or ! "r ( ! p peaceably to assemble1 & to petition ,gov]nm5t = a r$ress ( grievances4 ,?is am5dm5t 0 duly ratifi$ by ! ,/ates1 & :5 memb]s ( ,congress swe> to support ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !y are z mu* b\nd by _! oa? to refra9 f abridg+ ! "r ( petition1 z !y are to fulfil any o!r con/itutional obligation4 ,& w ! slavehold]s & _! abettors1 d>e to ma9ta9 t !y h n =esworn !mselves1 because !y h abridg$ ! "r ( ! p to petition = a r$ress ( grievances1 by a ,,rule ( ! ,h\se1 & n by a law8 ,if s1 !y may by a ,,rule require e memb]1 on tak+ 8 seat1 to subscribe ! cre$ ( a p>ticul> *ur*1 & !n call _! ,mak] to witness t !y are guiltless ( mak+ a law respect+ an e/abli%m5t ( religion1 or prohibit+ ! free ex]cise !re(4 ,! "r to petition is "o ?+1 & ! disposition ( a petition aft] x is receiv$1 is ano!r4 ,b ! new rule makes no disposition ( ! petitions2 x ,,prohibits ,,_! ,,reception2 !y may n be br\ght into ! legislative *amb]4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ! p are deb>r$ all access to _! repres5tatives1 = ! purpose ( (f]+ !m a pray]4 ,x is said t ! manifold abom9ations p]petrat$ 9 ! ,di/rict are no grievances to ! petition]s1 & !re=e !y h no "r to ask = _! removal4 ,b ! "r gu>ante$ by ! ,con/itution1 is a "r to ask = ! r$ress ( grievances1 :e!r p]sonal1 social1 or moral4 ,& :o1 except a slavehold]1 w d>e to cont5d t x is no grievance t our ag5ts1 our repres5tatives1 our s]vants1 9 our "n & by our au?ority1 enact laws erect+ & lic5s+ m>kets 9 ! ,capital ( ! ,republic1 = ! sale ( human be+s1 & conv]t+ free m5 into slaves1 = no o!r crime1 ?an t ( be+ too poor to pay ,unit$ ,/ates' (fic]s ! ,,jail ,,fees accru+ f an iniquit\s imprisonm5t8 ,aga91 x is pret5d$ t ! objects pray$ =1 are palpably uncon/itutional1 & t !re=e ! petitions ought n to be receiv$4 ,& by :at au?ority are ! p depriv$ ( _! "r to petition = any object :i* a majority ( ei!r ,h\se ( ,congress1 = ! "t be+1 may please to reg>d z uncon/itutional8 ,if ?is usurpation be submitt$ to1 x w n be conf9$ to abolition petitions4 ,x is well kn[n t mo/ ( ! slavehold]s n[ insi/1 t all protect+ duties are uncon/itutional1 & t on acc\nt ( ! t>iff ! ,union 0 ne>ly r5t by ! v m5 :o are n[ horrifi$ by ! dang] to :i* x is expos$ by ^! petitions6 ,%\ld our ,nor!rn ,manufactur]s aga9 presume to ask ,congress to protect !m f =eign competition1 ! ,s\!rn memb]s w f9d a prec$5t1 sanction$ by ,nor!rn votes1 = a rule t no petition1 memorial1 resolution1 or o!r pap]1 pray+ = ! ,,imposition ,,( ,,duties ,,= ,,! ,,enc\ragem5t ,,( ,,manufactures1 %all be receiv$ by ! ,h\se1 or ent]ta9$ 9 any way :atev]4 ,x does inde$1 require ,s\!rn arrogance1 to ma9ta9 t1 al?\gh ,congress is inve/$ by ! ,con/itution ) exclusive jurisdiction1 9 all cases :atsoev]1 ov] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 yet t x w\ld be s palpably uncon/itutional to aboli% ! slave-trade1 & to emancipate ! slaves 9 ! ,di/rict1 t petitions = ^! objects ought n to be receiv$4 ,yet ?is is ass]t$ 9 t v ,h\se1 on ^: m9utes is record$ a resolution1 9 #ahaf1 appo9t+ a committee1 ) p[] to s5d = p]sons & pap]s1 to inquire into ! exi/5ce ( an inhuman & illegal traffic 9 slaves1 c>ri$ on1 9 & ?r\gh ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & report :e!r any1 & :at means are necess>y = putt+ a /op to ! same3 & ano!r1 9 #ahbi1 in/ruct+ ! ,committee on ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia to inquire into ! exp$i5cy ( provid+ by law1 = ! gradual abolition ( slav]y 9 ! ,di/rict4 ,9 ! v fir/ ,congress assembl$ "u ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 petitions 7 pres5t$1 ask+ its int]position = ! mitigation ( ! evils1 & f9al abolition ( ! ,african slave-trade1 & also pray+ x1 z f> z x possess$ ! p[]1 to take measures = ! abolition ( slav]y4 ,^! petitions excit$ ! wra? & indignation ( _m ( ! slave-hold+ memb]s1 yet no "o ?\ght ( refus+ to receive !m4 ,!y 7 ref]r$ to a select committee1 at ! in/ance ( ,mr4 ,madison1 himself1 :o ent]$ into a critical review ( ! circum/ances respect+ ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution1 & ! ideas ^u ! limitation ( ! p[]s ( ,congress to int]f]e 9 ! regulation ( ! comm]ce ( slaves1 & %[$ t !y und\bt$ly 7 n preclud$ f int]pos+ 9 _! importation2 & g5]ally to regulate ! mode 9 :i* e species ( bus9ess %all be transact$4 ,he adv]t$ to ! we/]n c\ntry1 & ! ,cession ( ,georgia1 9 :i* ,congress h c]ta9ly ! p[] to regulate ! subject ( slav]y2 :i* %[s t g5tlem5 are mi/ak5 9 suppos+1 t ,congress _c con/itutionally int]f]e 9 ! bus9ess1 9 any degree1 :atev]4 ,he 0 9 favor ( committ+ ! petition1 & ju/ifi$ ! measure by repeat$ prec$5ts 9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,h\se4--,u4,s4 ,gazette1 #ag? ,feb41 #agij4 ,"h we f9d "o ( ! e>lie/ & able/ exp\nd]s ( ! ,con/itution1 ma9ta9+ ! p[] ( ,congress to regulate ! subject ( slav]y 9 ! national t]ritories1 & urg+ ! ref]5ce ( abolition petitions to a special committee4 ,! committee made a report2 = :i*1 aft] a long debate1 0 sub/itut$ a decl>ation1 by ! ,h\se1 t ,congress c\ld n aboli% ! slave trade prior to ! ye> #ahjh1 b _h a "r s to regulate x z to provide = ! humane treatm5t ( ! slaves on ! passage2 & t ,congress c\ld n int]f]e 9 ! emancipation or treatm5t ( slaves 9 ! ,/ates4 ,?is decl>ation gave entire satisfaction1 & no f>!r abolition petitions 7 pres5t$1 till aft] ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia _h be5 plac$ "u ! exclusive jurisdiction ( ! ,g5]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,y all rememb]1 fell[ citiz5s1 ! wide-spread excitem5t :i* a few ye>s s9ce prevail$ on ! subject ( ,,sunday ,,mails4 ,in/ead ( attempt+ to quiet ! agitation1 by outrag+ ! rights ( ! petition]s1 ,congress ref]r$ ! petitions to a committee1 & made no attempt to /ifle discussion4 ,:y1 !n1 we ask1 ) su* au?orities & prec$5ts be=e !m1 d ! slavehold]s 9 ,congress1 reg>dless ( _! oa?s1 /rive to gag ! fri5ds ( fre$om1 "u pret5ce ( allay+ agitation8 ,because consci5ce does make c[>ds ( !m all--because !y "k ! accurs$ sy/em !y are uphold+ w n be> ! light--because !y fe>1 if ^! petitions are discuss$1 ! abom9ations ( ! ,am]ican slave trade1 ! secrets ( ! prison-h\ses 9 ,wa%+ton & ,alex&ria1 & ! horrors ( ! human %ambles lic5s$ by ! au?ority ( ,congress1 w be expos$ to ! score & indignation ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,unque/ionably ! late ,,rule surpasses1 9 its pr(ligate contempt ( con/itutional obligation1 any act 9 ! annals ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 ,z su* x might well /rike e patriot ) dismay1 7 x n t att5d+ circum/ances tea* u t x is ! expir+ ef=t ( desp]ation4 ,:5 we reflect on ! pa/ subs]vi5cy ( our nor!rn repres5tatives to ! m&ates ( ! slavehold]s1 we may well raise1 on ! pres5t occasion1 ! %\t ( triumph1 & hail ! vote on ! rec5t ,,rule z ! pl$ge ( a glori\s victory4 ,suff] u to recall to y\r recollection ! majorities by :i* ! successive attempts to cru% ! "r ( petition & ! fre$om ( debate h be5 c>ri$4 ,p9ckney's ,gag 0 pass$ ,may1 #ahcf1 by a majority ( #ea ,hawes's ,jan4 #ahcg1 #eh ,patton's ,dec4 #ahcg1 #dh ,a!rton's ,dec4 #ahch1 #dh ,,johnson's ,jan4 #ahdj1 #f ,surely1 :5 we f9d ! majority aga9/ u r$uc$ f #eh to #f1 we ne$ no new inc5tive to p]sev]ance4 ,ano!r circum/ance :i* m>ks ! progress ( con/itutional lib]ty1 is ! gradual dim9ution 9 ! numb] ( our nor!rn s]viles4 ,! votes f ! free ,/ates 9 favor ( ! sev]al gags 7 z foll[s3-- ,= ,p9ckney's #fb ,= ,hawes's #gj ,= ,patton's #eb ,= ,a!rton's #di ,= ,,johnson's #bh ,!re is also ano!r *e]+ fact connect$ ) ! passage ( ! ,,rule :i* des]ves to be notic$4 ,h]et(ore ! slavehold]s h uni=mly1 by en=c+ ! previ\s "q1 impos$ _! sev]al gags by a sil5t vote4 ,on ! pres5t occasion !y 7 twice baffl$ 9 _! ef=ts to /ifle debate1 & 71 = days toge!r1 compell$ to li/5 to spee*es on a subject :i* !y h s (t5 decl>$ %\ld n be discuss$4 ,a base /rife = s\!rn votes has hi!rto1 to no small ext5t1 enli/$ bo? ! political p>ties at ! nor? 9 ! s]vice ( ! slavehold]s4 ,! late unwont$ indep5d5ce ( nor!rn politicians1 & ! def]5ce paid by !m to ! wi%es ( _! own con/itu5ts1 9 pref]5ce to ^? ( _! s\!rn colleagues1 indicates ! advance ( public op9ion4 ,no less ?an #di nor!rn memb]s ( ! adm9i/ration p>ty vot$ = ! ,a!rton gag1 :ile only #bg d>$ to record _! names 9 favor ( ,johnson's2 & ( ! repres5tation ( ,,six ,/ates1 e vote 0 giv5 aga9/ ! rule1 )\t di/9ction ( p>ty4 ,! tone 9 :i* opposite political j\rnals d5\nce ! late outrage may w>n ! slavehold]s t !y w n mu* long] hold ! nor? 9 bonds4 ,! lead+ adm9i/ration pap] 9 ! city ( ,new ,york reg>ds ! ,,rule ) utt] abhorr5ce2 :ile ! (ficial pap] ( ! opposition1 edit$ by ! /ate pr9t]1 tru/s t ! names ( ! recreant nor!rn]s :o vot$ = x may be h&$ d[n to et]nal infamy & execration4 ,! advocates ( abolition are no long] consign$ to unmitigat$ contempt & obloquy4 ,pass+ by ! v>i\s liv+ illu/rations ( our rem>k1 we appeal = our pro(s to ! dead4 ,! late ,,william ,,leggett1 ! editor ( a ,democratic ,j\rnal 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 0 d5\nc$1 9 #ahce1 by ! ,democratic ,republican ,g5]al ,committee1 = 8 abolition doctr9es4 ,f> f falt]+ 9 8 c\rse1 on acc\nt ( ! c5sure ( 8 own p>ty1 he exclaim$1 ) a pres5tim5t almo/ am\nt+ to prophecy1 ,! /ream ( public op9ion n[ sets aga9/ u1 b x is ab\t to turn1 & ! regurgitation w be trem5d\s4 ,pr\d 9 t day may well be ! man :o c float 9 triumph on ! fir/ reflu5t wave1 swept onw>d by ! deluge :i* he himself1 9 advance ( 8 fell[s1 _h l>gely %>$ 9 occasion+4 ,su* be my fate2 &1 liv+ or dy+1 x w 9 "s measure be m9e4 ,i h writt5 my "n 9 ineffaceable lett]s on ! abolition record4 ,& he did live to behold ! fir/ swell+ ( ! reflu5t wave4 ,! d5\nc$ abolitioni/ 0 honor$ by a democratic ,presid5t ) a diplomatic mission2 & s9ce 8 dea?1 ! resolution condemn+ him has be5 ,,expung$ f ! m9utes ( ! democratic committee4 ,( ! _m victims ( ! rec5t awful calamity 9 our wat]s1 :at "n has be5 mo/ frequ5tly utt]$ by ! pulpit & ! press 9 ! acc5ts ( lam5tation & panegyric8 ,on ^: tomb h fre$om1 philan?ropy1 & lett]s be5 invok$ to /rew _! fun]al wrea?s8 ,all :o h he>d ( ! loss ( ! ,lex+ton are famili> ) ! "n ( ,,*>les ,,foll54 ,& :o 0 he8 ,"o ( ! m5 (ficially d5\nc$ by ,presid5t ,jackson z a gang ( miscreants1 plott+ insurrection & murd]--&1 rec5tly1 a memb] ( ! ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,let u !n1 fell[ citiz5s1 9 view ( all ^! ?+s1 ?ank ,god & take c\rage4 ,we are n[ cont5d+1 n m]ely = ! emancipation ( our unhappy fell[ m51 kept 9 bondage "u ! au?ority ( our own repres5tatives--n m]ely = ! ov]?r[ ( ! human %ambles erect$ by ,congress on ! national doma9--b also = ! pres]vation ( ^? great con/itutional rights :i* 7 acquir$ by our fa!rs1 & are n[ assail$ by ! slavehold]s & _! nor!rn auxili>ies4 ,t y may rememb] ^! auxili>ies & avoid giv+ !m new opportunities ( betray+ y\r rights1 we annex a li/ ( _! di%onor$ names4 ,! foll[+ tw5ty-eight memb]s f ! ,free ,/ates vot$ 9 ! affirmative on ! rec5t ,,gag ,,rule4 ,,ma9e4 ,virgil ,d4 ,p>ris ,alb]t ,smi? ,,new ,,hamp%ire4 ,*>les ,g4 ,a!rton ,edmund ,burke ,ira ,a4 ,ea/man ,tri/ram ,%aw ,,new ,,york4 ,nehemiah ,h4 ,e>le ,john ,f9e ,na?aniel ,jones ,gov]neur ,kemble ,james de la ,montayne ,john ,h4 ,pr5tiss ,!ron ,r4 ,/rong ,,p5nsylvania4 ,john ,davis ,joseph ,=nance ,james ,g]ry ,george ,m',cull\gh ,david ,petrik5 ,william ,s4 ,ramsey ,,ohio4 ,d4,p4 ,leadbett] ,william ,m$ill ,isaac ,p>ri% ,george ,swe5ey ,jona?an ,taylor ,john ,b4 ,well] ,,indiana4 ,john ,davis ,george ,h4 ,pr(fit ,,ill9ois4 ,john ,reynolds4 ,let u turn to our m imm$iate repres5tatives1 & we tru/ m fai?ful s]vants4 ,our ,/ate ,legislatures w n refuse to he> our pray]s4 ,let u petition !m imm$iately to rebuke ! treason by :i* ! ,con/itution has be5 surr5d]$ into ! h&s ( ! slavehold]s--let u implore !m to dem& f ,congress1 9 ! "n ( ! free ,/ates1 t !y %all nei!r de/roy nor abridge ! "r ( petition--a "r )\t :i* our gov]nm5t w\ld be conv]t$ into a despotism4 ,we call on y1 fell[ citiz5s ( e religi\s fai? & p>ty "n1 to unite ) u 9 gu>d+ ! citadel ( our c\ntry's fre$om4 ,if !re are any :o w n co-op]ate ) u 9 labor+ = ! emancipation ( ! slave1 surely !re are none :o w /& alo( f u :ile cont5d+ = ! lib]ty ( !mselves1 _! *ildr51 & _! *ildr5's *ildr54 ,to ! rescue1 !n1 fell[ citiz5s6 &1 tru/+ 9 ,,him )\t :om all human ef=t is weakness1 let u n d\bt t our fai?ful endeavors to pres]ve ! rights ,,he has giv5 u w1 ?r\gh ,,8 bless+1 be cr[n$ ) success4 ,,ar?ur ,,tappan1 ,,james ,g4 ,,birney1 ,,jo%ua ,,leavitt1 ,,lewis ,,tappan1 ,,samuel ,e4 ,,corni%1 ,,simeon ,s4 ,,jocelyn1 ,,la ,,roy ,,sund]l&1 ,,!odore ,s4 ,,wright1 ,,duncan ,,dunb>1 ,,james ,s4 ,,gibbons1 ,,h5ry ,b4 ,,/anton ,executive ,committee ( ! ,am]ican ,anti-,slav]y ,society4 ,new ,york1 ,febru>y #ac1 #ahdj4