,,unit>ianism ,w4,g4 ,,t>rant ,,london #aiab ,,cont5ts ,,introduction ,"s ,t]ms expla9$ ,,! ,,e>li] ,,movem5t ,,9 ,,engl&3 i4 ,! ,unit>ian ,m>tyrs ii4 ,influ5ces ,mak+ = ',latitude' iii4 ,! ,old ,noncon=mi/s iv4 ,! ',unit>ian ,tracts' v4 ,! ,old ,diss5t ,,new ,,engl&3 i4 ,be=e ! ',great ,awak5+' ii4 ,! ,lib]al ,reaction ,,engli% ,,unit>ianism ,,recogniz$ ,,by ,,law ,,que/ions ,,( ,,inh]itance ,,mod]n ,,unit>ianism3 i4 ,! ,communities ii4 ,ideas & ,t5d5cies iii4 ,me?ods & ,tea*+s ,,unit>ians ,,& ,,o!r ,,religi\s ,,lib]als ,,introduction ,9 c]ta9 quiet nooks ( ,old ,engl&1 &1 by contra/1 9 "s ( ! busie/ c5tres ( ,new ,engl&1 l&m>ks ( religi\s hi/ory are to be f\nd :i* are n to be easily und]/ood by e pass]-by4 ,he is famili> ) ! ord9>y places ( wor%ip1 at lea/ z features 91 ! picture ( t[n or village4 ,"h is ! p>i% *ur* :]e ! ,engli% episcopal ord] has succe$$ to ! ,roman2 yond] is ! m mod]n diss5t+ *apel1 homely or ornate4 ,b1 n[ & !n1 among ! non-episcopal build+s we f9d :at is call$ di/9ctively a ',meet+ ,h\se1' or m briefly a ',meet+1' :i* may p]haps be /yl$ ',old1' ',new1' or ',great'4 ,its ar*itecture usually corresponds ) ! simplicity ( its "n4 ,pla9 almo/ to ugl9ess1 yet n )\t "s degree ( sev]e dignity1 /& ^! old b>n-l /ructures ( brick--occasionally ( /one2 be>+ ! mell[+ t\* ( "t1 surr\nd$ by a little ov]%ad[$ gravey>d1 !y (t5 add a peculi> qua9tness & solemnity to ! sc5e4 ,mrs4 ,gaskell has describ$ "o su* 9 h] novel ,ru?1 & admir]s ( h] art %\ld "k well t h] own grave lies beside ! little sanctu>y %e pictur$ s lov+ly4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! surr\nd+s ( ! anci5t *apel are less attractive4 ,x /&s1 x may be1 9 "s pov]ty-/rick5 corn] or c\rt ( a t[n or city4 ,:atev] picturesqu5ess x may h _h once has long s9ce vani%$4 ,unlovely decay1 an air ( desolation1 symptoms ( neglect1 pres5t a m\rnful sight1 & "o wond]s h[ mu* long] ! poor relic w rema94 ,_m places ( ! k9d h already be5 swept away2 o!rs h be5 r5ovat$1 enl>g$1 & kept m wor?y ( _! use4 ,n all ! ,meet+ ,h\ses are ( "o k9d4 ,indep5d5ts1 ,bapti/s1 & ,fri5ds1 ea* possess "s ( !m4 ,n[ & aga9 ! notice-bo>d tells u t ?is is a ',presbyt]ian' place ( wor%ip1 b a loyal ,scot :o ye>ns = an e*o ( ! kirk w\ld be greatly surpris$ on f9d+1 z he w\ld if he ent]$1 t ! doctr9e & wor%ip !re is n ,calv9i/ic 9 any %ape :atev]1 b--,unit>ian4 ,a simil> surprise awaits ! visitor to ,new ,engl&1 x may be ev5 a great]4 ,= if he %\ld tread ,9 ! foot/eps ( ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs & f9d ! 'l9eal desc5dants' ( _! orig9al places ( wor%ip at ,plym\?1 ,salem1 or ,bo/on1 he w f9d ,unit>ians 9 possession4 ,s x is 9 _m ( ! olde/ t[ns f\nd$ by ! ,am]ican coloni/s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,9 _! c5tres ! p>i% *ur*es1 ',fir/1' ',second1' or o!rwise1 /& =? *all5g+ ev]ybody's att5tion4 ,!re is no lack ( self-ass]tion "h1 no?+ at all l ! %r9k+ ( ! ,old ,engli% ,presbyt]ian into obscure alleys & corn]s4 ,spaci\s1 well appo9t$1 & secure1 ^! ,unit>ian p>i% *ur*es1 9 ! words ( a popul> ,unit>ian poet1 'look ! :ole _w 9 ! face1 & fe> n any man4' ,! object ( ! pres5t brief sket* is to %[ h[ ^! l&m>ks h come to be :]e !y are1 to trace ! ?\ghts & =tunes ( ,unit>ians f _! rise 9 mod]n times1 to indicate _! religi\s temp] & practical aims1 & to exhibit ! connections ( ! ,engli%-speak+ ,unit>ians ) "s closely approximat+ gr\ps 9 ,europe & ,asia4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u a /ory :i* is extremely v>i$ & compreh5sive1 "o or two important po9ts mu/ be emphasiz$4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! read] mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! t]m ',unit>ianism' is "o ( popul> application4 ,x has n be5 *os5 & impos$ z sect-"n by any sect-f\nd]1 or by any au?oritative assembly4 ,!re has nev] be5 a lead] or a c5tral c\ncil ^: decisions on ^! matt]s h be51 accept$ by ,unit>ians z f9al4 ,ev5 :5 mo/ closely organiz$ !y h /eadily resi/$ all attempts s to fix ! mean+ ( ',unit>ianism' z to exclude fur!r gr[? ( op9ion4 ,consequ5tly !re is always room = v>iety ( op9ion among !m2 & e /atem5t ( _! pr9ciples & tea*+s mu/ be tak5 z a sort ( av]age e/imat$ f a survey m or less ext5d$4 ,?us ! significance ( ,unit>ianism z a feature ( mod]n religi\s developm5t _c be grasp$ ap>t f its hi/ory z a movem5t ( ?\ght4 ,n[h]e is x m necess>y ?an "h to reflect t to "k :at a ?+ is we mu/ "k :at x has be5 & consid] :at its future naturally involves4 ,secondly1 amid all ! v>ieties ( ?\ght ref]r$ to1 complicat$ z !y are by ! eag] advance ( "s & ! cl++ to survivals by o!rs1 !re are two notes to be f\nd und5iably1 if unequally1 *>act]i/ic ( ,unit>ianism4 ,x is bo? rationali/ & my/ical4 ,if ! hi/orian seems m att5tive to ! =m] ?an to ! latt]1 ?is mu/ n be tak5 z indicat+ _! relative importance4 ,obvi\sly1 x is easi] to record controv]sies ?an to unfold ! weal? ( pr(\nd conceptions4 ,p]haps we may fairly sugge/ ! true /ate ( ! case by ! m]e juxtaposition ( su* e>li] names z ,soc9us1 ,bidle1 & ,locke1 ) ^? ( ,*ann+1 ,em]son1 & ,m>t9eau2 or by a ref]5ce to ! e>li] ,unit>ian hymns 9 contra/ ) ^? ( ! lat] /ages4 ,,"s ,,t]ms ,,expla9$ ,a brief explanation at ! outset may help ! read] to foll[ m intellig5tly ! hi/ory ( ,unit>ianism4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! *ief issue betwe5 ,tr9it>ians & ,unit>ians arises 9 connection ) ! relation ( ,jesus ,*ri/ to ,god1 que/ions conc]n+ ! ,holy ,_s be+ usually less discuss$4 ,!re are consequ5tial issues also1 be>+ ^u man's nature1 atonem5t1 salvation1 & o!r subjects1 b ^! call = no rem>k "h4 ,9 its full /atem5t1 z giv5 = in/ance 9 ! ',a?anasian ,cre$1' ! ,tr9it>ian dogma pres5ts ! conception ( ,?ree ',p]sons' 9 ,"o ,god--,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s--',p]sons' ) diff]5t3 functions1 b all equal & co-et]nal4 ,! ,ea/]n 7,greek ,or?odox7 ,*ur* diff]s f ! ,we/]n 7,roman ,ca?olic7 9 hold+ t ! ,?ird ,p]son 'proce$s' f ! ,fa!r alone2 ! ,we/]n adds--'& f ! ,son' 7filioque74 ,! full dogma z giv5 9 ! ',a?anasian ,cre$' is n ?\ght to be e>li] ?an ! fif? c5tury2 debates z to ! 'two natures' 9 ,*ri/1 & ! 'two wills1' & o!r ab/ruse po9ts involv$ 9 ! dogma1 cont9u$ = c5turies /ill4 ,at an e>li] p]iod discussion 0 c>ri$ on z to :e!r ! ,son 7 ( ! 'same sub/ance' 7homo-ousion7 or 'simil> sub/ance' 7homoi-ousion7 ) ! ,fa!r4 ,! latt] view 0 held by ,arius & 8 p>ty at ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicaea1 ,a4,d4 #cbe4 ,a?anasius held ! =m] view1 :i* 9 "t1 b only aft] _m ye>s ( controv]sial /rife & actual w>f>e1 became e/abli%$ z or?odox4 ,! ,arians reg>d$ ! ,son1 z a subord9ate be+1 ?\gh /ill div9e4 ,ano!r v>iety ( op9ion 0 put =? by ,sabellius 7c4 #bej ,a4,d471 :o took ! diff]5t ,p]sons to be s _m div]se modes or manife/ations ( ! ,"o ,god4 ,?is ,sabellian idea1 ?\gh (ficially condemn$1 has be5 (t5 held 9 lat] times4 ,soc9ianism1 s f> z reg>ds ! p]sonality & rank ( ,*ri/1 diff]$ f ,arianism1 :i* ma9ta9$ 8 pre-exi/5ce1 ?\gh n et]nal2 ! ,soc9ian doctr9e be+ t ! man ,jesus 0 rais$ by ,god's approv+ b5ignity to 'div9e' rank1 & t he ?us became a fit object ( ,*ri/ian 'wor%ip4' ,! ,humanit>ian view1 f9ally1 pres5t$ ,jesus z a 'm]e man1' i4e4 a be+ n ess5tially diff]5t 9 8 nature f ! re/ ( humank9d4 ,mod]n ,unit>ianism1 h[ev]1 usually avoids ?is k9d ( phrase2 'all m9ds1' said ,*ann+1 'are ( "o family4' ,,! ,,e>li] ,,movem5t ,,9 ,,engl& ,i4 ,,! ,,unit>ian ,,m>tyrs ,! rise ( any consid]able body ( op9ion oppos$ to ! c>d9al dogma ( or?odoxy 0 prec$$ 9 ,engl& by a v /rongly m>k$ ef=t to secure lib]ty ( ?\ght1 & a correspond+ plea = a broadly compreh5sive religi\s fell[%ip4 ,! culm9ation ( ?is ef=t1 is rea*$1 = ! p]iod fir/1 to be review$1 9 ! writ+s ( ,john ,locke 7#afcb-agjd74 ,?is celebrat$ man1 by 8 p[]ful argum5ts = religi\s tol]ation & 8 def5ce ( ! 'reasonabl5ess' ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ex]t$ an influ5ce ( ! mo/ important k9d4 ,b we mu/ rea* him by ! pa? ( 8 pr$ecessors 9 ! same l9e4 ,! pr9ciples ( lib]ty ( ?\ght & ! broade/ religi\s fell[%ip are w>mly esp\s$ by ,unit>ians1 & !y look ^u all :o h advanc$ ^! pr9ciples z 9 _s relat$ to !m1 h[ev] diff]5t _! respective !ological conclusions may h be54 ,at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation a great deal ( speculation broke =? on po9ts hi!rto clos$ by ! ,*ur*'s au?ority1 includ+ ! fundam5tal doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,b1 :ile ?is new f]m5t l$ to dep>tures f ! receiv$ op9ions 9 _m c\ntries1 especially 9 ,pol& & ! ,ne!rl&s1 ! ,prote/ant lead]s ma9ta9$ t ^u ! great articles ( ! cre$s !y 7 /ill "o ) ,rome1 & 9 fact !y soon display$ an eag]ness to /ifle h]esy4 ,m5 (t5 fail to see ! logic ( _! own position1 & _m :o claim$ ! "r to diff] f ,rome on po9ts :i* ,rome consid]$ vital 7 unable to grant t o!rs _h an equal "r to diff] f ,lu!r1 ,calv91 or an ,engli% ,/ate ,*ur*4 ,! outrage\s cruelty ( ,calv9 t[>ds ! ,anti-tr9it>ian ,s]vetus1 :om he caus$ to be burn$ at ,g5eva 9 #aeec1 af=ds a gl>+ in/ance ( ?is inconsi/5cy4 ,b a sad pro( is giv5 t1 ab\t t "t1 ev5 ,anti-tr9it>ians !mselves 7 n always tol]ant4 ,among ! c\ntries :]e ! or?odox dogma 0 mo/ freely que/ion$ 0 ,transylvania1 adjac5t to ,hung>y prop]4 ,"h ! sov]eign1 ,john ,sigismund1 took sides ) ! ,anti-tr9it>ians1 & issu$ 9 #aefh an edict p]mitt+ f\r recogniz$ types ( doctr9e & wor%ip--,romani/1 ,lu!ran1 ,calv9i/1 & ,unit>ian4 ,! ,transylvanians 7 at ?is "t l>gely "u ! influ5ce ( _! ,poli% bre?r5 9 ! fai?1 :o /ill practis$ ! invocation ( ,*ri/4 ,francis ,david1 a p[]ful religi\s lead] 9 ,hung>y1 hav+ arriv$ at a ',humanit>ian' view ( ,*ri/ two c5turies be=e x 0 held by ,engli% ,unit>ians1 oppos$ ,*ri/-wor%ip4 ,9 #aegi1 :5 a ,ca?olic _h succe$$ to ! ?rone1 ,david 0 d5\nc$ = an intol]able h]etic by ! ,poli% p>ty1 &1 be+ imprison$1 di$ ! same ye>4 ,?is blot on ! record has long be5 deplor$1 & ,david is held 9 hon\r z a m>tyr by ! ,transylvanian ,unit>ian ,*ur*1 :i* /ill fl\ri%es1 & =ms a ?ird memb] 9 alliance ) ! ,unit>ians ( ,great ,brita9 & ,am]ica4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ^! ,transylvanian 7popul>ly call$ ',hung>ian'7 ,unit>ians _h until ! n9ete5? c5tury little or no connection ) ! ,engli% & ,am]icans1 & h n mat]ially affect$ ! developm5t ( ! movem5t1 we omit ! details ( _! special hi/ory4 ,9 ,engl& a numb] ( ,anti-tr9it>ians suff]$ burn+ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 be+ usually1 b loosely1 describ$ z ',arians4' ,! la/ two 9 ,engl& :o di$ by fire z h]etics 7 m5 ( ?is class4 ,9 ,m>*1 #afab1 ,b>?olomew ,legate 0 burn$ at ,smi?field1 & a mon? lat] ,edw>d ,wightman _h ! same fate at ,li*field4 ,s late z #afig a y\? nam$ ,pak5ham 0 hang$ at ,ed9burgh on ! *>ge ( h]etical blasphemy4 ,al?\gh ^! 7 ! only executions ( ! k9d "h 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! evid5ce is b too cle> t ! au?orities conceiv$ x to be _! duty to put d[n ?is =m ( op9ion ) ! sev]e/ rig\r4 ,9 a lett] s5t by ,ar*bi%op ,neile1 ( ,york1 to ,bi%op ,laud1 9 #afci1 ref]5ce is made to ,wightman's case1 & x is /at$ t ano!r man1 "o ,tr5dall1 des]ves ! same s5t5ce4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 ,paul ,be/1 a s*ol>ly g5tleman :o _h travell$ 9 ,pol& & ,transylvania & !re adopt$ ,anti-tr9it>ian views1 0 s5t5c$ by vote ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons to be hang$ = d5y+ ! ,tr9ity4 ,! ,ord9ance drawn up 9 #afdh by ! ,puritan au?orities 0 incr$ibly v9dictive aga9/ :at !y judg$ to be h]etical4 ,happily1 ,oliv] ,cromwell & 8 ,indep5d5ts 7 consci\s ( consid]able v>iety ( op9ion 9 _! own ranks1 & app>5tly ! ,protector secur$ ,be/'s lib]ation4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly he :o sav$ ano!r & m memorable ,unit>ian f ! extreme p5alty4 ,?is man 0 ,john ,bidle1 a cl]gyman & s*oolma/] ( ,gl\ce/]4 ,8 ,biblical /udies l$ him to a d5ial ( ! ,tr9ity1 :i* he lo/ no occasion ( mak+ public4 ,dur+ tw5ty ye>s1 brok5 by five or six imprisonm5ts1 he p]si/$ 9 ! ef=t to diffuse ,unit>ian tea*+s1 & ev5 to organize s]vices = ,unit>ian wor%ip4 ,8 writ+s & p]sonal influ5ce 7 s widely recogniz$ t x became a fa%ion lat] to speak ( ,unit>ians z ',bidellians4' ,cromwell 0 evid5tly tr\bl$ ab\t him1 feel+ repugnance to 8 doctr9e yet av]se to ill-treat a man ( unblemi%$ "*4 ,9 #afee1 t5 ye>s aft] ,bidle's fir/ imprisonm5t1 ! ,protector s5t him to ! ,scilly ,isl&s1 obvi\sly to sp>e him a worse fate1 & all[$ him a ye>ly sum = ma9t5ance4 ,a few mon?s be=e ,cromwell's dea?1 he 0 br\ght back to ,london1 & on be+ set at lib]ty at once r5ew$ 8 ef=ts4 ,f9ally1 he 0 caught 'conv5ticl+' 9 #affb & s5t to gaol1 & 9 ,septemb] ( t ye> he di$4 ,,ii4 ,,influ5ces ,,mak+ ,,= ',,latitude' ,! =ego+ suffici5tly illu/rates ! position confront+ ^? :o at t "t op5ly av[$ _! dep>ture f ! ,tr9it>ian dogma4 ,^? :o d>$ & suff]$ 7 no d\bt b a few ( ^? :o really %>$ 9 ! h]etical view2 ! te/imony ( or?odox writ]s is all 9 support ( ?is surmise4 ,equally cle> is ! fact t :ile ! religi\s au?orities 7 ?us rigor\s a /eadily deep5+ und]curr5t ( op9ion made = ',latitude4' ,h[ f> ?is ,latitude might prop]ly g 0 a tr\blesome "q1 b at any rate "s 7 will+ to advocate :at _m mu/ h sil5tly desir$4 ,ap>t f ! extremi/s 9 ! great /ruggle betwe5 ,high ,*ur* & ,puritans !re exi/$ a gr\p ( mod]ate m51 (t5 ( %rewd intellect1 ripe s*ol>%ip1 & attractive temp]1 :o s\ght 9 a wid] lib]ty ( op9ion an escape f ! tyrannical alt]natives pres5t$ by ! two oppos+ p>ties4 ,ev5 9 connection ) ^! v p>ties !re 7 t5d5cies peculi> to !mselves1 :i* c\ld n fail 9 ! end to mitigate ! =ce ( _! own cont5tions4 ,! ,high ,*ur* 0 mo/ly ',arm9ian1' i4e4 on ! side ( ! m 'reasonable' !ology ( t age4 ,! ,puritans 7 :olly committ$ to ! pr9ciple ( democratic lib]ty1 z !n und]/ood1 & 9 religi\s matt]s set ! ,bible 9 ! highe/ place ( au?ority4 ,x c\ld n be b t ^! sev]al factors %\ld ultimately tell ^u ! solution ( ! problem ( religi\s lib]ty4 ,b ! imm$iate /eps t[>d t solution _h to be tak5 by ! advocates ( ,latitude4 ,among !m 7 ,"l ,falkl&1 ,john ,hales1 & ,william ,*ill+wor?1 ! la/ ( :om is fam\s = 8 unfl9*+ prote/ t '! ,bible1 ! ,bible only1 is ! religion ( ,prote/ants1' a say+ :i* 0 z good z a *>t] to ^? :o bas$ _! s-call$ h]esies on ! explicit words ( ,scripture4 ,9 ! second half ( t sev5te5? c5tury ! "w ( broad5+ ! religi\s m9d 0 c>ri$ =w>d by o!rs ( equal or ev5 great] ability2 x is suffici5t "h to "n ,j]emy ,taylor among ,*ur*m51 & ,ri*>d ,baxt] among ,noncon=mi/s4 ,!re 01 ( c\rse1 a good deal ( levity1 ! temp] ( ! ,gallio :o c>es = none ( ^! ?+s4 ,b ?is 0 n ! temp] ( ! m5 to :om we ref]4 ,_! greate/ difficulty1 inde$1 arose f _! int5se int]e/ 9 religi\s tru?4 ,!y c\ld n conceive a ,/ate :i* %\ld n control m5's !ology 9 "s real way4 ,ev5 ,locke did n advocate tol]ation = ! a!i/1 = su* a man 79 8 op9ion7 c\ld n make ! solemn assev]ations on :i* alone civil life c\ld g =w>d4 ,nor w\ld he tol]ate ! ,roman ,ca?olic1 b 9 ?is case political consid]ations sway$ ! balance2 ! ,ca?olic introduc$ ! fatal pr9ciple ( allegiance to a '=eign pr9ce4' ,tak+ = grant$1 !n1 ! necessity = "s degree ( ,/ate sup]vision ( religion1 h[ c\ld ?is be r5d]$ lea/ inimical to ! g5]al desire = lib]ty8 ,! reply to ?is "q br\ght !m v close to ! position tak5 up by ,fau/us ,soc9us long be=e1 viz4 t ! 'ess5tials' ( a ,*ri/ian fai? %\ld be recogniz$ z few &1 z f> z possible1 simple4 ,( c\rse1 x is f 8 "n t ! t]m ',soc9ian' is d]iv$1 a t]m t has (t5 be5 appli$1 b mi/ak5ly1 to ,unit>ians g5]ally4 ,! repeat$ & (t5 bitt] accusation br\ght aga9/ ! advocates ( ,latitude t !y 7 ',soc9ians1' or at lea/ ta9t$ ) ',soc9ianism1' r5d]s appropriate "s %ort acc\nt ( ,soc9us himself4 ,?is man 0 "o ( ! sixte5?-c5tury ,italian ,re=m]s :o 7 spe$ily cru%$ or disp]s$ by ! vigilance ( ! ,inquisition4 ,^? :o escap$ w&]$ f>1 & "s 7 at diff]5t times memb]s ( ! ,*ur* = ',/rang]s1' or =eign]s1 to :i* ,edw>d ,,vi assign$ ! nave ( ! great ,augu/9e ,*ur*1 /ill /&+ at ,au/9 ,fri>s 9 ! he>t ( ! ,city ( ,london4 ,x is ,int]e/+ to obs]ve "h t a ,dut* lib]al congregation l9eally inh]its ! place to-day4 ,c>eful inve/igation has %[n t among ! refugees "h 9 ! sixte5? c5tury 7 "s ^: op9ions 7 uns\nd on ! ,tr9ity2 possibly !y affect$ ,engli% op9ion 9 "s small degree4 ,loelius ,soc9us 7#aebe-fb71 uncle ( ,fau/us 7#aeci-afjd71 0 = a %ort "t 9 ,london1 b int]e/+ ?9k] z he 01 8 nephew :o nev] set foot 9 ,engl& really ex]t$ mu* m influ5ce ^u ,engli% ?\ght4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 9 ,pol& especially t ! influ5ce ( ,fau/us ,soc9us fir/ became prom95t4 ,t c\ntry1 !n fl\ri%+ "u its own pr9ces1 e>ly became 7z we h se57 ! home ( an ,anti-tr9it>ian =m ( ,prote/antism4 ,soc9us jo9$ ?is gr\p1 & dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury effect$ mu* improvem5t among !m1 organiz+ _! congregations1 e/abli%+ s*ools1 promot+ a ,unit>ian lit]ature4 ,! educational "w ?us begun a*iev$ great success2 b 9 8 own lifetime ,soc9us met ) fi]ce opposition & ev5 p]sonal viol5ce4 ,he di$ 9 #afjd2 ! ,poli% ,unit>ian ,*ur* fell "u ! p]secution ( bo? ,ca?olics & or?odox ,prote/ants1 & 0 f9ally cru%$ out 9 #affj4 ,important = our pres5t /udy is ! fact t ! lit]>y output ( ^! ,poli% ,soc9ians 0 bo? l>ge & ( high quality4 ,_! ',racovian ,cate*ism' 0 translat$ into diff]5t languages1 & e>ly f\nd its way into ,engl&4 ,james ,i promptly _h x burn$1 despite ! fact t ! ,lat9 v]sion 0 d$icat$ to himself6 ,o!r books & pamphlets foll[$1 & ev5 if we abate some?+ z due to ! exagg]at+ fe>s & suspicions ( ! au?orities1 !re w\ld seem to h be5 no "t z ! sev5te5? c5tury w5t on :5 ,soc9ian lit]ature 0 n widely circulat$ "h1 albeit at fir/ 9 secret4 ,into ! details ( ?is lit]ature !re is no ne$ to g2 x is suffici5t to obs]ve its out/&+ features4 ,!y correspond 9 ! ma9 to ! temp] ( ! ma/] m9d1 ,soc9us1 a man :o 9 ! abs5ce ( imag9ative g5ius display$ rem>kable tal5t z a reason]1 & a lib]al disposition consid]ably 9 advance ( 8 times4 ,! lat] ,soc9ian writ+s1 pres]v$ 9 eight l>ge volumes issu$ by ! ',poli% ,bre?r5' 7,am/]dam1 #afff71 exhibit 9 addition ! results ( mu* dilig5t rese>* & s*ol>%ip1 9 :i* ! wide v>iety ( op9ion actually held by ! ,fa!rs & lat] ,*ur* au?orities is prov$1 & ! moral is drawn4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( s mu* fluctuat+ tea*+ ^u ! ab/rus] po9ts ( ! cre$s 0 x n desirable to ab&on ! pret5ce ( a r\nd$ sy/em complete 9 e detail8 ,w\ld x n he bett] to simplify ! fai?--9 o!r & famili> words1 to r$uce ! numb] ( 'ess5tials'8 ,9 ord] to discov] ^! ess5tials1 surely ! inquir] mu/ turn to ! ,bible1 ! record ( t miracul\s revelation :i* 0 giv5 to deliv] man's unassi/$ reason f ! p]ils ( ignorance & d\bt4 ,at ! same "t1 man's reason itself 0 a div9e gift1 & ! ,bible %\ld be c>efully & rationally /udi$ 9 ord] to ga!r its real message4 ,z ! fruit ( su* /udy ! ,soc9ians n only prop\nd$ an ,anti-tr9it>ian doctr9e d]iv$ f ,scripture1 b 9 p>ticul> emphasiz$ ! argum5ts aga9/ ! sub/itution>y atonem5t z pres5t$ 9 ! popul> ,augu/9ian s*eme & philosophically exp\nd$ 9 ,anselm's ,cur ,deus ,homo4 ,soc9us himself mu/ be cr$it$ ) :atev] =ce belongs to ^! criticisms on ! usual doctr9e ( ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 & x may be fairly said t mo/ ( ! objections advanc$ 9 mod]n works on t subject are practically id5tical ) ^? ( ?ree c5turies ago4 ,n[ !re is good reason = believ+ t t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ?is ,soc9ian lit]ature really attract$ mu* att5tion 9 ,engl&1 & probably ) consid]able effect4 ,b z a matt] ( fact no ,engli% translation ( any "p ( x 0 made be=e ,john ,bidle's propag&i/ activity 9 ! middle ( ! c5tury1 & we h ! explicit te/imony ( ,bidle himself & mo/ ( ! e>li] ,unit>ians t !y 7 n l$ into _! h]esy by =eign books4 ,x 0 ! ,bible alone t made !m unor?odox4 ,a fam\s illu/ration ( ?is is ! case ( ,john ,milton 7#afjh-gd74 ,9 #ahbc a long-=gott5 ,,ms4 ( 8 0 f\nd 9 a ,/ate (fice at ,we/m9/]1 & two ye>s lat] x 0 publi%$ "u ! editor%ip ( ,dr4 ,sumn]1 aft]w>ds ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/]4 ,! "w is entitl$ ,a ,treatise ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e4 ,x 0 a late /udy by ! poet1 labori\sly comp>+ texts & pond]+ !m ) a m9d prep>$ to receive ! v]dict ( ,scripture z f9al1 :e!r 9 agreem5t ) or?odoxy or n4 ,! mo/ ard5t ( ,milton's admir]s1 & ev5 ! mo/ eag] ,unit>ian1 mu/ f9d ! book a trial2 b ! latt] c at lea/ claim ! au?or ( ,p>adise ,lo/ z an ,anti-tr9it>ian1 & ! =m] may solace himself by notic+ t "h1 z 9 all ! re/1 ,milton's s\l 'dwelt ap>t4' ,he emphatically d5ies t x 0 ! works ( 'h]etics1 s call$1' t direct$ & influ5c$ 8 m9d on ! subject4 ,we may notice "h ! int]e/+ fact t ano!r great m9d ( t age1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 has left evid5ce ( 8 own defection f ! or?odox view2 & 8 correspond5t ,john ,locke1 ^: views appe> to h be5 ev5 m decid$1 is only less conspicu\s on ?is po9t because 8 g5]al s]vices to bread? & lib]ality ( religi\s fell[%ip are m brilliantly /rik+4 ,locke's ,plea = ,tol]ation is widely recogniz$ z ! decid+ influ5ce1 on ! lit]>y side1 :i* secur$ ! passage ( ! ,tol]ation ,act 9 #afhi4 ,def]r+ = ! mom5t fur!r allusion to ! position creat$ by ?is ,act1 we mu/ at once obs]ve ! scope ( "o ( ,locke's works :i* is n s popul>ly kn[n4 ,?is is 8 ,reasonabl5ess ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* ) 8 rejo9d]s to critics makes a consid]able bulk 9 8 writ+s4 ,9 pursuance ( ! aim to 'r$uce ! numb] ( ess5tials' & to discov] t 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion :i* is available = simple p--! majority ( mank9d--,locke exam9es ! hi/orical portion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & pres5ts ! result4 ,practically1 ?is am\nts to ! v]dict t x is suffici5t = ! ,*ri/ian to accept ! ,messiah%ip ( ,*ri/ & to submit to 8 rule ( conduct4 ,! or?odox critics compla9$ t he _h omitt$ ! epi/les 9 8 summ>y ( doctr9e2 8 retort is obvi\s3 if ! gospels lead to ! conclusion j /at$1 ! epi/les _c be all[$1 h[ev] weighty1 to e/abli% a contr>y "o4 ,( c\rse1 ,locke 0 call$ a ',soc9ian'2 b ! effect ( 8 "w rema9$1 & we %\ld rem>k t if x look$ on ! "o h& t[>d ! or?odox1 on ! o!r x look$ t[>d ! sceptics & free?9k]s :o began at t "t a long & n ineffectual criticism ( ! miracul\s claims ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,locke endeav\r$ to conv9ce su* m9ds t ,*ri/ianity 0 9 reality n an irrational code ( doctr9es1 b a truly practical s*eme ( life4 ,9 ?is endeav\r he 0 prec$$ by ,ri*>d ,baxt]1 :o _h writt5 on ! ',unreasonabl5ess ( ,infidelity1' & 0 foll[$ dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury by _m :o 9 ! old ,diss5t+ *apels 7 lead+ ! way t[>ds an ov]t ,unit>ianism4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,old ,,noncon=mi/s ,! read] mu/ be rem9d$ "h ( a few sali5t facts 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,all ^! und]curr5ts ( het]odox ?\ght1 ) b few & soon repress$ public manife/ations ( its pres5ce1 7 obscur$ by ! massive movem5t 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,dur+ ! ,commonweal? ! episcopal sy/em 0 aboli%$1 & a presbyt]ian sy/em sub/itut$1 ?\gh ) difficulty & at be/ imp]fectly4 ,aft] ! ,re/oration ( ,*>les ,,ii ! ,act ( ,uni=mity re-e/abli%$ episcopacy 9 a =m made ( set purpose z unacceptable to ! ,puritans z possible4 ,!reupon arose ! rivalry ( ,con=mi/ & ,noncon=mi/ :i* has ev] s9ce exi/$ 9 ,engl&4 ,sev]ely repressive measures 7 tri$1 b fail$ to ext+ui% ,noncon=mity2 x /ood irreconcilable outside ! e/abli%m5t4 ,!re 7 di/9ct v>ieties 9 its ranks4 ,! ,presbyt]ians1 once l>gely dom9ant1 7 gradually ov]tak5 num]ically by ! ,indep5d5ts4 ,p]haps x is bett] to say t1 9 ! circum/ances ( exclusion 9 :i* bo? 7 situat$1 & ! impossibility ( ma9ta9+ a ,presbyt]ian ord] & organization1 ! divid+ l9e betwe5 ^! two bodies ( ,noncon=mi/s naturally fad$ out4 ,!re 0 little1 if any?+1 to keep !m ap>t on ! score ( doctr9e2 & 9 "t ! ,presbyt]ians c]ta9ly exhibit$ some?+ ( ! t5d5cy to v>iety ( op9ion :i* _h always m>k$ ! ,indep5d5ts4 ,besides ^! bodies1 ! ,bapti/s & ,quak]s /& out amid ! sects compris$ 9 ,noncon=mity4 ,9 bo? ( ^! !re 7 di/9ct signs ( ,anti-tr9it>ianism f "t to "t2 z to ! =m]1 inde$1 along ) ! e>li] ,bapti/ movem5ts 9 ,engl& & on ! ,cont95t 7especially 9 ! ,ne!rl&s7 !re _h always gone a /reak ( h]esy al>m+ to ! au?orities4 ,among ! ,quak]s1 ,william ,p5n is specially notable 9 connection ) our subject4 ,9 #affh he 0 imprison$ = publi%+ ,! ,s&y ,f\ndation ,%ak51 9 :i* ,sabellian views 7 advocat$4 ,x ne$ h>dly be po9t$ out t among ! /ill m ecc5tric movem5ts1 if ! t]m be all[$1 het]odoxy z to ! ,tr9ity 0 easy to trace4 ,:5 ! ,tol]ation ,act 0 pass$ ! old ,noncon=mity became ',diss5t1' t be+ ! t]m us$ 9 ! /atute itself4 ,diss5t]s 7 n[ grant$ fre$om ( wor%ip & prea*+1 b only on condition t _! m9i/]s subscrib$ to ! doctr9al articles ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 includ+1 ( c\rse1 belief 9 ! ,tr9ity4 ,unit>ians1 !re=e1 7 exclud$ f ! b5efit ( ! ,act1 & ! g5]al views ( ,diss5t]s ^u ! subject are cle> f ! fact t !y took special c>e to h ,unit>ians rul$ out f ! lib]ty n[ be+ a*iev$ by !mselves4 ,locke & o!r lib]al m5 evid5tly regrett$ ?is limitation1 b ! "t 0 n ripe1 & 9 fact ! p5al law aga9/ ,unit>ians 0 n repeal$ till #ahac4 ,unluckily1 too1 = ! ,unit>ians1 a %>p controv]sy1 due to _! own zeal1 _h brok5 out at ! v "t t ! ,tol]ation ,act 0 %ap+1 & z ?is _h o!r important results we mu/ give "s att5tion to x4 ,,iv4 ,,! ',,unit>ian ,,tracts' ,!re are six volumes1 conta9+ "u ?is title a l>ge numb] ( pamphlets & treatises1 = & aga9/ ! new views1 publi%$ ab\t ?is p]iod4 ,x is ! fir/ consid]able body ( ,unit>ian lit]ature4 ,its promot] 0 ,?omas ,firm91 a disciple ( ,john ,bidle1 on ^: behalf he int]c$$ ) ,oliv] ,cromwell1 ?\gh himself b a y\? at ! "t4 ,firm91 a prosp]\s citiz5 ( ,london1 c\nt$ among 8 fri5ds m5 ( ! highe/ (fices 9 ! ,*ur*1 "s ( :om are said to h be5 affect$ ) 8 type ( ?\ght4 ,ap>t f 8 ,unit>ianism he is rem>kable z an enlight5$ philan?ropi/ ( great bread? ( sympa?y4 ,m5 ( v diff]5t !ological b5t :o 7 fa9 to seek refuge 9 ,london f p]secutions abroad 7 aid$ by funds rais$ by him4 ,we %\ld notice also t1 ard5t z he 0 9 diffus+ ,unit>ian tea*+s1 he _h no wi% at fir/ to set up sep>ate ,unit>ian *apels2 8 desire 0 t ! national ,*ur* %\ld include ?9k]s l himself4 ,we are ?us po9t$ into a pa? :i* = a "t at lea/ promis$ m = ,unit>ian developm5ts ?an any?+ v evid5t 9 ! ,diss5t+ community4 ,! situation is aptly illu/rat$ by a little book ( #ahd pages :i* is includ$ 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,tracts4 ,?is "w is specially notewor?y z "o ( ! fir/ ,engli% books to use ! "n ',unit>ian1' ?\gh ! use is "h s free & )\t apology or explanation t we mu/ suppose x _h already atta9$ a c]ta9 vogue be=e #afhg1 ! date ( ! book4 ,! title is ,a ,brief ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit>ians1 call$ also ,soc9ians4 ,nei!r au?or nor publi%] is nam$1 b ! =m] is kn[n to h be5 ! ,rev4 ,/eph5 ,nye1 a cl]gyman1 ^: gr&fa!r1 ,philip ,nye1 0 not$ 9 8 day z "o ( ! few ,indep5d5ts 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,assembly4 ,/eph5 ,nye's book takes ! =m ( f\r ,lett]s1 o/5sibly writt5 to an unnam$ correspond5t :o has ask$ = an acc\nt ( ! ,unit>ians1 'vulg>ly call$ ,soc9ians4' ,! op5+ lett] /ates _! doctr9e1 aft] ! model ( ,soc9us--,god is ,"o ,p]son1 n ,?ree2 ! ,"l ,*ri/ is ! ',mess5g]1 ,s]vant1 & ,creature ( ,god1' also ! ',son ( ,god1 because he 0 begott5 on ! bless$ ,m>y by ! ,_s or ,p[] ( ,god'2 '! ,holy ,gho/ or ,_s1 accord+ to !m1 is ! ,p[] & ,inspiration ( ,god4' 7,we may notice "h t ,bidle1 o!rwise agree+ ) ,soc9us1 reg>d$ ! ,holy ,_s z a liv+ be+1 *ief among angels47 ,nye1 writ+ z if an imp>tial obs]v]1 pres5ts ! ,scripture argum5t 9 support ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,unit>ians1 ':i*1' says he1 ',i h s relat$ z n to judge or rail ( _! p]sons1 because h[ev] le>n$ & reasonable m5 7:i* is _! "* among _! wor/ adv]s>ies7 may be argu$ out ( _! errors1 yet few w be swagg]$ or *ode out ( !m4' ,he traces ! doctr9e to ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian times1 & %[s ! /ages ( ,tr9it>ian gr[?4 ,incid5tally he says t ,arian doctr9es are op5ly pr(ess$ 9 ,transylvania & 9 "s *ur*es ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 & adds t ',naz>5e & ,arian ,*ur*es are v num]\s' 9 ,turki%1 ,mahometan1 & pagan dom9ions :]e lib]ty ( consci5ce is all[$4 ,he m5tions celebrat$ s*ol>s :o h 'c]ta9ly be5 ei!r ,arians or ,soc9ians1 or great fav\r]s ( !m1' su* z ,erasmus1 ,grotius1 ,petavius1 ,episcopius1 & ,s&ius--! la/-nam$ a le>n$ hi/orian :o _h made a special po9t ( collect+ admissions by or?odox writ]s ( ! invalidity ( all ! texts 9 turn usually quot$ 9 support ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,9 ! subsequ5t *apt]s ,nye deals s]iatim ) su* texts1 & ! book ends ) a comm5dation f ',a ,g5tleman1 a ,p]son ( ,excell5t ,le>n+ & ,wor?1' to :om ! publi%] _h s5t x = rem>k4 ,^u su* levels ! discussion proce$$1 ! skill & adroitness ( ! h]etics contra/+ ) ! obvi\s p]plexity ( ! or?odox1 :o soon fell to accus+ "o ano!r ( /umbl+ into errone\s /atem5ts4 ,dons1 deans1 & ev5 bi%ops jo9$ 9 ! fray1 & "s ( !m1 notably ,dr4 ,%]lock1 ,ma/] ( ! ,temple1 got into sad tr\ble ) _! bre?r54 ,f9ally1 ! cl]gy 7 =bidd5 to prolong ! discussion1 :i* inde$ promis$ little satisfaction to any b ! h]etics :o enjoy$ ! difficulties ( ! or?odox *ampions4 ,! traditional =mul>ies 7 !re1 & ^! mu/ suffice4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ! re/rictions impos$ by ! ,tol]ation ,act speculation outside ! ,*ur* turn$ t[>ds ',deism'--p]haps ! be/ mod]n equival5t w\ld be ',natural ,religion4' ,speculation inside ! ,*ur* _h to accommodate itself to ! cre$s & articles1 & ?us !re grew up an ,arianism among ! cl]gy :i* 0 really l>gely diffus$ & produc$ "s important books4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,dr4 ,samuel ,cl>ke's ,scripture ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 7#agab71 a "w :i* appe>s to h help$ _m a cl]gyman to ease 8 consci5ce :ile recit+ ! au?oriz$ ,tr9it>ian expressions1 ?\gh 9 sub/ance 8 op9ions 7 no less h]etical ?an ^? = :i* m5 _h suff]$ "u ! law4 ,a contempor>y case ( su* suff]+ 0 t ( ,?omas ,emlyn 7#affc-agaa71 an ,iri% cl]gyman :o 0 s5t5c$ at ,dubl9 9 #agjc to imprisonm5t :i* la/$ = two ye>s4 ,?is gross treatm5t1 excit$ ke5 criticism at home & 9 ! ,am]ican colonies1 :i!r our att5tion mu/ soon turn4 ,emlyn 0 ! fir/ m9i/] to call himself a ',unit>ian1' b "u ! pressure ( ! times1 & 9 accordance ) ! _s ( ,cl>ke & ! o!r ,arianiz+ cl]gy1 he f\nd x exp$i5t to decl>e himself a 'true ,scriptural ,tr9it>ian4' ,v4 ,,! ,,old ,,diss5t ,x is e/imat$ t ab\t a ?\s& ,meet+ ,h\ses 7 erect$ by ,diss5t]s 9 ! tw5ty ye>s foll[+ ! pass+ ( ! ,tol]ation ,act4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,que5 ,anne o!rs 7 built1 b 9 no great numb]s4 ,! prevail+ impression ( ! /ate ( religion 9 ,engl& dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! eighte5? c5tury is a gloomy "o4 ,=malism & app>5tly an ins9c]e repetition ( ! doctr9al phrases impos$ by ! law 0 b too evid5t 9 ! ,/ate ,*ur*4 ,diss5t _h its bright features1 b ^! grew dim z ye>s w5t on4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ! odds 7 heavy aga9/ t p>ty4 ,)\t con=m+ no "o c\ld be appo9t$ to public (fice1 & ! 'occasional con=mity' ( %>+ ! communion s]vice at an e/abli%$ *ur* n[ & aga9 9 ord] to qualify 0 at l5g? =bidd5 by ! ,act ( #agaa4 ,! sons ( ! ,diss5t+ g5try & manufactur]s 7 exclud$ f ! univ]sities1 & ?\gh a %ift 0 made by ',academies' "h & !re1 ! excell5ce ( ! education !y might imp>t c\ld n comp5sate = ! deprivation ( ! social advantages ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,by an ,act ( #agad s*ools = m ?an a rudim5t>y education 7 =bidd5 to be taught by ,diss5t]s4 ,?us1 we are n surpris$ to he>1 consid]able defection w5t on1 & e>ly 9 ! c5tury congregations began to dw9dle4 ,z x proce$$ "s became v small inde$1 & _m di$ out altoge!r4 ,! tru/s ^u :i* ! ,meet+ ,h\ses 7 f\nd$ 7 frequ5tly free f any close def9itions ( ! doctr9es suppos$ to be held by ! congregation4 ,mu* discussion arose 9 lat] ye>s z to ! purport ( ?is fre$om2 p]haps !re 0 "s expectation ( *ang+ op9ion 9 ! future1 b m probably ! doctr9al /atus 0 tak5 = grant$4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t no ,diss5t+ prea*] c\ld legally (ficiate )\t previ\sly 'subscrib+' to ! doctr9al articles ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& or _! equival5ts 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,assembly's cate*isms4 ,?us1 :ile ! ,diss5t] might alt] ! t]ms ( 8 liturgy to a degree n all[$ to ! ,*ur*man 7?\gh ! latt] w\ld 9 ^? lax days g pretty f> sometimes71 he 0 /ill suppos$ to be 's\nd' on ! fundam5tal cre$s4 ,x w\ld appe> to be a =tunate accid5t = ,unit>ian developm5t 9 "s ( ^! old ,diss5t+ congregations t1 ei!r ! preval5t und]/&+ or a hope = spe$y inclusion 9 ! national ,*ur*1 or a prevision on ! "p ( lib]al-m9d$ m5 "h & !re1 left s l>gely undef9$ ! basis ( religi\s union among !m1 z congregations4 ,h[ev] t may be1 x is c]ta9 t a degree ( reluctance to 'subscribe' began to %[ itself1 & ?is1 we surmise1 0 (t5 due to o!r reasons ?an lib]ality pure & simple4 ,t !re 7 broad-m9d$ m5 :o1 :ile consci5ti\sly or?odox !mselves1 refus$ to exclude unor?odox m9i/]s f _! fell[%ip is %[n by a notable in/ance among ! ,bapti/s4 ,be=e #agjj1 ,mat!w ,caffyn1 "o ( _! body1 be+ *>g$ ) ,anti-tr9it>ian op9ions1 0 /ill reta9$ 9 memb]%ip by vote ( ! ,g5]al ,bapti/ ,assembly1 ?is be+ ! fir/ in/ance ( any organization's =mal acceptance ( latitude respect+ ! ,tr9ity4 ,9 ,irel&1 det]r$ no d\bt by ! h>% puni%m5t ( ,emlyn1 !re 0 natural hesitation 9 av[+ su* latitude2 b 9 #agba a division began 9 ,ul/] betwe5 ^? :o insi/$ on 'subscrib+' ! cre$ anew & ^? :o oppos$2 & a few ye>s lat] ! 'non-subscrib]s1' be+ exclud$ f ! ,synod1 =m$ a new ,presbyt]y :i* 9 c\rse ( "t became di/9ctly ,unit>ian4 ,! hi/oric ev5t = ,engli% 'non-subscription' 0 a decl>ation made at a meet+ ( ,diss5t+ m9i/]s1 ,indep5d5ts1 ,bapti/s1 & ,presbyt]ians1 held 9 #agai at ,salt]'s ,hall1 ,london4 ,c]ta9 ,exet] m9i/]s _h become uns\nd 9 doctr9e1 & refus$ to r5ew _! subscription to ! cre$s & articles1 claim+ to believe '! ,scripture'--a well-und]/ood expression 9 ^? days4 ,! "q ( _! exclusion 0 ref]r$ to ,london1 & !re aga9 ! po9t ( r5ew$ 'subscription' 0 rais$ be=e ! vote on ! ,exet] case 0 tak54 ,by sev5ty-?ree to sixty-n9e x 0 decid$ t ! decl>ation ( fai? %\ld be conf9$ to '! words ( ,scripture'--z ,sir ,joseph ,jekyll put x1 '! ,bible c>ri$ x by f\r4' ,?is 0 widely recogniz$ z sett+ op5 ! door = lib]ty 9 matt]s ( religion1 & ! int]e/+ fact %\ld be record$ t ,indep5d5ts & ,presbyt]ians 7 f\nd on bo? sides4 ,"h1 !n1 we may = ! pres5t leave ! ,engli% developm5t2 x 0 sl[1 t5tative1 = ! mo/ "p obscure4 ,9 "o direction & ano!r ! movem5t ( ?\ght might be p]ceiv$1 9 ! ,*ur*1 among ! ',congregationals1' or ,bapti/s1 or ,presbyt]ians1 z ! case might be4 ,x 0 only long aft] t mu* prepond]ance ( h]etical op9ion 0 di/9ctive ( ,presbyt]ian congregations4 ,9 ! ,academies m5 l ,philip ,doddridge 7#agjb-ea71 ! hymn writ]1 7 af=d+ room at lea/ = ample discussion among ! /ud5ts1 & mod]ate z 8 own op9ions 7 he is cr$it$ ) hav+ made s-call$ 'or?odoxy' a byword4 ,! ,indep5d5ts1 ,caleb ,flem+ & ,na?aniel ,l>dn] 7#afhd-agfh71 l$ ! way to ',humanit>ian' views1 ! latt] be+ a le>n$ writ] ( mu* influ5ce4 ,x is said t ano!r great hymn writ]1 ,isaac ,watts1 f9ally %>$ ! ,humanit>ian view4 ,on ! :ole1 ) "s notable exceptions1 ! ,diss5t+ prea*]s seem to h be5 decor\sly dull1 & un9spir+ly e?ical4 ,)\t ! zeal ( ! 'en?usia/1' :om !y sev]ely scann$ f af>1 & seek+ 9 all ?+s to prove t ,*ri/ianity 0 s 'reasonable' z to be id5tical ) 'rational philosophy1' x is little wond] t :5 ! popul> m9d began to be /irr$ by a religi\s ',revival' !y 7 n its apo/les1 b mo/ly its critics4 ,?is is precisely ! po9t :]e we may fitly turn to consid] ! gr[? ( ,unit>ianism 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,,new ,,engl& ,i4 ,,be=e ,,! ',,great ,,awak5+' ,z 9 ! ,old ,c\ntry1 s 9 ! colonies ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 a great evangelical revival took place t[>ds ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,john ,wesley ! ,arm9ian1 & ,george ,:itefield ! ,calv9i/1 7 ! great apo/les ( ?is movem5t1 & ! latt] especially 0 v influ5tial 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ,engli% revivali/s 7 n alone1 h[ev]2 among ! mo/ p[]ful lead]s 9 ! colonies 0 ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 ^: "n ranks v high 9 ! records ( religi\s philosophy 9 ! ,/ates4 ,despite prelim9>y ob/acles ?is prea*] ( ! mo/ /]n & unfl9*+ det]m9ism produc$ a q extraord9>y effect at la/4 ,z usually happ5s1 8 dogmas 7 m easily repeat$ by o!rs ?an 8 reason+2 viol5t excitem5t ran ?r\gh ! colonies1 & x 0 ?is t gave a decisive turn to ! lib]alism :i* ultimately develop$ into a v memorable phase ( ,unit>ianism4 ,! prec$+ /eps may be briefly indicat$4 ,a famili> epigram pres]ves ! acid tru? t ! ,puritan emigrants :o left ,engl& 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury w5t to ,nor? ,am]ica 9 ord] to wor%ip ,god 9 _! own way1 & to compel ev]yone else to d ! same4 ,religi\s lib]ty 0 c]ta9ly n und]/ood by !m z x is und]/ood to-day4 ,! suff]+s ( ! ,bapti/s & ,quak]s1 = example1 make a sad *apt] ( ,new ,engl& hi/ory4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury1 ,rog] ,williams 7#aeii-afhc71 hav+ v5tilat$ op9ions contr>y to ! g5]al ,calv9ism1 0 driv5 out ( ,salem1 :]e he _h m9i/]$ to a grateful *ur*4 ,8 pleas = a real religi\s fre$om 7 9 va91 & he 0 =c$ to w&] f ! colonial settlem5ts & f9d a prec>i\s home among ! ,indians4 ,aft] mu* privation1 he succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ a new colony at ,rhode ,isl&1 :]e a m lib]al atmosph]e prevail$4 ,x does n appe> t ,williams _h mu* influ5ce 9 ! g5]al _w ( religi\s ?\ght1 b two ?+s at lea/ 7 fav\rable to ! modification ( or?odoxy4 ,on ! "o h& !re 0 inevitably a loos] sy/em ( sup]vision 9 a new c\ntry1 & ! pressure ( p5al law c\ld n be ex]t$ s effectually z 9 ,engl&4 ,on ! o!r h& ! organization ( wor%ip & tea*+1 ?\gh int5d$ to be /rict & complete1 an int5tion fairly successful 9 practice1 0 actually f\nd$ ^u broad pr9ciples4 ,ea* t[n%ip ma9ta9$ its 'p>i% *ur*1' b ?is1 orig9ally ( a ,l[ ,*ur* or ',presbyt]ian' type1 0 usually accommodat$ z ye>s w5t on to a ,congregational model4 ,^! *ur*es 7 look$ ^u z c5tres ( religi\s culture = ! respective communities by ^: regul> contributions !y 7 support$ & end[$4 ,! 'cov5ants' by :i* ! memb]s b\nd !mselves 7 (t5 express$ 9 t]ms q simple1 & ev5 t\*+2 ! coloni/s 7 9 ! ma9 fai?ful to ! p>t+ injunction ( ! fam\s ,pa/or ,john ,rob9son1 :o sp$ ! ',pilgrim ,fa!rs' on _! way ) ! assurance t ! ,"l _h 'm light & tru? to break =? f ,8 ,holy ,^w4' ,occasionally1 x is expressly decl>$ by ! cov5ant+ memb]s t !irs is an attitude ( dev\t expectation ( religi\s gr[?4 ,z w\ld naturally be expect$1 ! conditions ( ! e>li] g5]ations 9 ! colonies 7 n 9 fav\r ( a deeply /udi\s m9i/ry2 ! lead]s 7 m frequ5tly m5 ( %rewd & practical piety ?an pr(\nd s*ol>s4 ,z ?+s became m settl$1 & especially aft] ! ,tol]ation ,act _h secur$ a m assur$ /ate ( feel+ at home1 ! m9ds ( m5 7 set at lib]ty 9 a great] degree4 ,locke's works 7 c>ri$ across ! sea1 & ,dr4 ,cl>ke's ,arianiz+ writ+s soon foll[$4 ,app>5tly1 ! fir/ /ir ( any importance 0 produc$ by ! sc&al ( ! puni%m5t ( ,?omas ,emlyn1 ! ,iri% cl]gyman :o has be5 previ\sly ref]r$ to4 ,emlyn's writ+s receiv$ a great adv]tisem5t1 & al?\gh he manag$1 l ,cl>ke1 to avoid fur!r legal difficulties by publi%+ a /atem5t ( 8 adh]5ce to a ',scriptural ,tr9ity1' 8 defection f ! or?odox dogma 0 cle> en\gh & 8 argum5ts aga9/ t dogma rema9$4 ,ano!r case :i* 0 notori\s 9 ^? days 0 t ( ,william ,:i/on 7#affg-ageb71 ! well-kn[n translator ( ! works ( ,josephus1 :o 0 dismiss$ f 8 pr(essor%ip at ,cambridge 9 #agaj = ,arianism4 ,a prolific writ] & a %rewd debat]1 ,:i/on play$ no small "p 9 ! g5]al leav5+ ( op9ion4 ,b probably ! mo/ direct ( ! lit]>y influ5ces 9 ?is direction came f ! p5 ( ,dr4 ,john ,taylor 7#afid-agfa71 "o ( ! mo/ able & le>n$ ( ! ,presbyt]ian div9es4 ,8 treatises on ,orig9al ,s9 7#agdj7 & ! ,atonem5t 7#agea7 dealt ) subjects ( ! pr(\nde/ importance 9 relation to ! usual ,tr9it>ian s*eme ( doctr9e4 ,pref]r+1 = 8 own "p1 to be kn[n by no sect>ian "n b to be reckon$ among ',*ri/ians only1' ,taylor 0 recogniz$ f> & wide z a writ] extremely 'dang]\s' to ! ord9>y type ( belief4 ,:5 ! ,am]ican revivali/s 7 at _! height1 !re 7 _m quiet & /aid ,new ,engl& m9i/]s :o f\nd 9 ,taylor a welcome ally aga9/ ! extravagances :i* !y witness$ & deplor$4 ,! m logical ! ,calv9i/ 01 ! m vivid 9 depict+ ! horrors ( pr$e/9$ damnation1 ! m vigor\s ^! m5 became 9 d5\nc+ su* a doctr9e4 ,p]haps ! gr[+ s5se ( individual lib]ty & p]sonal rights _h mu* to d ) ! reaction4 ,a !ory bas$ ^u ! po/ulate ( an absolute & uncondition$ sov]eignty div9e did n accord ) ! gr[+ democratic temp]4 ,prea*]s began to insi/1 & he>]s to agree1 t1 :atev] 'salvation' is1 x mu/ be reasonable if reasonable creatures are to enjoy its b5efits4 ,"h also1 z among ! ,engli% latitude-m51 ! conviction grew t ! ess5tials ( a ,*ri/ian belief mu/ be few & simple & ^! su* z pla9 m5 c\ld und]/& & discuss2 & "h1 z among ! sob] ,diss5t]s at home1 m5 look$ askance on un9tellig5t outbur/s ( emotion4 ,! process ( *ange 0 n v fa/1 & a good _m :o 7 s5sible ( *ange 9 _! op9ions 7 reluctant to accept new doctr9al designations4 ,arians !y might be1 b !y pref]r$ to be kn[n z /&+ by a ',scriptural ,*ri/ianity4' ,=1 :atev] new books might be writt51 ! ,bible rema9$ _! *ief /udy & _! support 9 discussion4 ,ke51 rational r ?an my/ical1 yet deeply int]e/$ 9 moral progress & human elevation1 ^! ,am]ican div9es 7 mu* ( a m9d ) _! ,engli% bre?r5 ^: pa? lay 9 ! same direction4 ,"o ( ! mo/ influ5tial prea*]s 0 ,*>les ,*auncey 7#agjf-hg72 :o = sixty ye>s 0 m9i/] at ! ',fir/ ,*ur*1' ,bo/on4 ,8 !ology 0 ,arian & ',univ]sali/' 7i4e4 hold+ ! doctr9e ( a f9al univ]sal salvation72 8 ,anti-,calv9ism came out =cibly 9 8 prote/s aga9/ ! revivali/ excesses4 ,x is record$ ( him t 9 8 y\?1 disgu/$ by noisy fanatics1 he pray$ ,god nev] to make him an orator4 ,8 pray] 0 grant$--& /ill he 0 a p[]6 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,lib]al ,,reaction ,) ! rise ( ! new lib]alism 9 ! ,am]ican colonies no "n is m conspicu\s ?an t ( ,jona?an ,mayhew 7#agba-ff71 ^: eloqu5ce 0 ( a m mod]n type ?an mo/ ( 8 day4 ,he is cr$it$ ) hav+ deeply mov$ _m :o became lead]s 9 turn1 :e!r z m9i/]s or laym54 ,aft] ! int]ruption ( normal developm5t inevitable dur+ ! ,w> ( ,indep5d5ce1 ?+s mov$ m rapidly4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution evok$ ! w>me/ sympa?y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & its effect on religion !re 0 l>gely to increase a s5se ( ! wor? ( man4 ',univ]salism1' ! f9al re/oration ( all1 became a conspicu\s doctr9e ) "s4 ,! ne$ = practical measures to uplift ! g5]al life "h 0 a !me m to ! m9d ( o!rs4 ,! di/9ctly ',unit>ian' tr5d 0 f ! fir/ associat$ ) ?is eag] att5tion to ! high] culture4 ,h>v>d ,college1 9 ! v he>t ( ,new ,engl&1 rapidly develop$ into a fruitful s\rce ( ! new] ideas1 :i* 7 embodi$ 9 ! lives ( '/atesm51 m]*ants1 physicians1 lawy]s1 & tea*]s'2 & ?us ! community1 9 all its m vigor\s memb]s1 became *>g$ ) a fre% conception ( life & religion4 ,9 ! fir/ decade ( ! n9ete5? c5tury we beg9 to trace publications m or less di/9ctly ,unit>ian4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ! ,mon?ly ,an?ology1 ! pione] among ,am]ican lit]>y magaz9es4 ,"o ( its two editors 0 ! ,rev4 ,william ,em]son1 fa!r ( ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son4 ,z ! div]g5ce ( ideas grew m di/9ct debate began to be fi]ce4 ,! new magaz9e took a bold l9e1 :ile _m lib]als 7 /ill hesitat+4 ,9 #ahjh ! tr\ble came to ! surface4 ,h>v>d 0 d5\nc$ by ! or?odox p>ty1 9 consequ5ce ( ! appo9tm5t ( a lib]al m9i/]1 ,h5ry ,w>e1 to a pr(essor%ip involv+ pa/oral c>e ( ! /ud5ts4 ,an or?odox rival s*ool 0 set up at ,&ov]4 ,a few ye>s lat] a pamphlet appe>$ giv+ lett]s alleg$ to h be5 s5t to ,engl& by ,bo/on m9i/]s report+ t a c]ta9 numb] 7 ,unit>ians4 ,! "n 0 unwelcome at ! "t1 especially because x 0 associat$ ) ! 'humanit>ianism' !n becom+ widely taught 9 ,engl&4 ,! implicat$ m9i/]s1 be+ *>g$ ) c[>dly evasion1 repli$ ) w>m?2 !y 71 9 fact1 mo/ly ,arians1 & ?us _! views really 7 diff]5t f ! ,engli% type4 ,moreov]1 aga9 9 contra/ ) ! ,engli%1 !y express$ /rong dislike ( controv]sy2 all !y ask$ 0 to be left alone to proclaim ! ',simple ,*ri/ianity' 9 :i* !y believ$4 ,! up%ot %[$1 h[ev]1 t controv]sy 0 n to be avoid$1 & dur+ tw5ty ye>s f #ahae onw>ds x rag$ m or less sev]ely4 ,an epo* 9 ?is long & regrettable w>f>e 0 m>k$ by a s]mon prea*$ at ,baltimore 9 #ahai4 ,! prea*] 0 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s m5 on ! ,unit>ian roll1 ,william ,ell]y ,*ann+ 7#aghj-ahdb74 ,already em95t1 he cont9u$ to hold a position unique 9 ! religi\s life ( ,new ,engl&2 8 sa9tly "* & 8 noble if simple eloqu5ce made him a lead] 9 spite ( himself4 ,= a long "t he _h ma9ta9$ a m$iat+ position--all ?r\gh 8 life he resolutely disclaim$ sect>ianism2 b 9 #ahai1 aft] ye>s ( discussion1 x 0 obvi\s t1 = good or evil1 ! old dogma & ! new _s lay f> ap>t4 ,f t date lib]als & cons]vatives 9 ! old ,congregational sy/em ( ,new ,engl& 7 divid$1 & ',unit>ian ,*ri/ianity1' :i* 0 ! subject ( ,*ann+'s disc\rse1 0 a recogniz$ type 9 ! l&4 ,9 #ahbe ! ,am]ican ,unit>ian ,association 0 f\nd$4 ,x 0 b a /ruggl+ society at fir/1 n = lack ( sympa?y ) its pr9ciple1 b because _m ,unit>ians1 l ,*ann+1 s /rongly dislik$ ! notion ( =m+ a new sect t !y took little int]e/ 9 me?ods ( propag&ism common to mo/ religi\s bodies4 ,,engli% ,,unit>ianism ,,recogniz$ ,,by ,,law ,by a m]e co9cid5ce ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,unit>ian ,association 0 f\nd$ almo/ on ! same day 9 #ahbe z ! ,am]ican ,unit>ian ,association4 ,?is /ep evid5tly implies a great *ange 9 ,unit>ian affairs s9ce ! times ( t e>ly ,diss5t t[>ds :i* att5tion has be5 previ\sly direct$4 ,we mu/ n[ endeav\r to trace ! *ange 9 detail4 ,x w be rememb]$ t t5d5cies to ,anti-tr9it>ian ?\ght--us+ t t]m to cov] all ! v>ieties ( h]etical op9ion on ! subject--7 manife/$ bo? )9 ! e/abli%$ ,*ur* & )\t4 ,z reg>ds ! latt] phase1 ! evid5ce is cle> t1 :atev] ! doctr9al 'subscription' 0 wor? :i* ,diss5t+ prea*]s _h to make1 !re 0 a decid$ lapse f ! or?odox /&>d on ! "p ( a consid]able numb]4 ,?is lapse1 h[ev]1 0 = ! mo/ "p left obscure :ile ! pulpits res\nd$ ) 'pla91 moral disc\rses4' ,n[ & aga91 "o bold] ?an ! re/ v5tur$ to discuss controv]t$ po9ts ( doctr9e4 ,su* a man 0 ,joseph ,prie/ley 7#agcc-ahjd71 ^: c>e] is int]e/+ z an illu/ration ( ! gr[? ( op9ion1 & especially important 9 reg>d to ! d5om9ational advance ( ,unit>ianism4 ,he began life z a ,calv9i/ic ,indep5d5t1 & became ,arm9ian1 ,arian1 & ,humanit>ian 9 turn4 ,8 devotion to sci5ce is well kn[n1 & he ranks ) ,lavoisi] z an orig9al discov]] ( oxyg54 ,he 0 an indefatigable /ud5t1 a volum9\s writ]1 a ready controv]siali/2 & ?\gh 8 speak+ 0 m>r$ by imp]fect utt]ance he atta9$ to consid]able influ5ce 9 public address4 ,no ,unit>ian lead] hi!rto has display$ m activity1 & few1 if any1 h possess$ great] controv]sial ability ?an he4 ,8 op9ions1 inde$1 7 9 "s respects peculi> to himself2 he call$ himself a ,soc9ian1 b x 0 ) a diff]5ce1 & no ,unit>ian to-day w\ld endorse "s ( 8 ma9 positions4 ,b 8 "w = ! cause 0 invaluable1 & 8 p]sonal "* is held 9 ! highe/ e/eem4 ,orig9ally he w\ld h pref]r$ t ! ,unit>ians %\ld rema9 z a 'lib]al leav5' 9 ! *ur*es2 ev5tually he became ! *ief organiz] ( ,unit>ian wor%ip & propag&a4 ,! fir/ ',unit>ian ,*ur*1' h[ev]1 0 due to a cl]gyman1 ,!ophilus ,l9dsey 7#agbc-ahjh74 ,aft] long & ardu\s ef=ts to secure relaxation f ! doctr9al subscription impos$ on ! cl]gy1 ,l9dsey resign$ 8 liv+ at ,catt]ick1 9 #aggc1 fac+ pov]ty & h>d%ip ) a c\rage t elicit$ w>m comm5dations1 ?\gh few 7 f\nd to imitate ! example4 ,9 spite ( ! t]rors ( ! law1 n[ becom+ a dead lett]1 he op5$ a ,unit>ian *apel 9 ,essex ,/reet1 ,london1 9 #aggd4 ,! s]vice 0 on ! episcopal model1 b ) a liturgy adapt$ to '! wor%ip ( ! ,fa!r only4' ,?is feature has be5 claim$ to be ! di/9ctive *>act]i/ic ( mod]n ,unit>ianism4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,soc9us inculcat$ a sort ( subord9ate wor%ip ( ,*ri/1 & ! ,arians ( c\rse held to ! same practice1 ,humanit>ianism1 ! view t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 truly a man & 9 no s5se a deity1 obvi\sly made x impossible to (f] him ! adoration due to ,god alone4 ,?is view _h be5 sl[ly spread+ s9ce ! days ( ,l>dn]2 ,prie/ley1 ,l9dsey1 & ! active m5 ( ! p>ty g5]ally %>$ x4 ,!re 7 exceptions /ill1 h[ev]4 ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,price 7#agbc-ia71 a ,london ,presbyt]ian div9e ( great em95ce1 rememb]$ z "o ( ! f\nd]s ( actu>ial sci5ce1 held by 8 ,arianism to ! la/2 ?is did n prev5t him f l5d+ a h& 9 ! organization ( ! ,unit>ian =ces1 b !re 0 = a "t "s difficulty on ! subject4 ,! m ard5t pr(essors ( ! new doctr9e ( '! sole wor%ip ( ! ,fa!r' 7 = exclud+ ! ,arians f fell[%ip1 & "o ( ! societies !n =m$ actually adh]$ to a r (f5sive =mula on ! subject till ab\t #ahcj4 ,a consid]able numb] ( lib]al ,*ur*m5 ( ! laity1 includ+ "s ( rank1 support$ ,l9dsey's movem5t4 ,an indication ( *ang+ moods is giv5 9 ! fact t 9 #aggj an ,act 0 pass$ p]mitt+ ! ,diss5t+ m9i/]s to prea* provid$ t !y made a decl>ation ( belief 9 ! ,scriptures z conta9+ ! reveal$ w ( ,god4 ,?is 0 consid]$ by _m a welcome relief f ! requirem5t ( ! ,tol]ation ,act t ! m9i/] mu/ subscribe to ! doctr9al articles ( ! e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 & x 0 c]ta9ly a mu* less def9ite te/4 ,prie/ley1 = 8 "p1 h[ev]1 regrett$ ! *ange2 ! old subscription 0 9 reality ceas+ to be en=c$1 & he 0 afraid le/ p]secut+ vigilance w\ld set 9 aga94 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! ,act ( #aggi1 long obsolete1 has nev] be5 repeal$1 b v few p are aw>e ( its exi/5ce4 ,prie/ley's _m controv]sies t5d$ to excite a good deal ( int]e/1 "s ( x m ?an unfri5dly1 9 ! new movem5t4 ,9 #agia1 :5 a p>ty ( ,unit>ians d9$ at ,birm+ham 9 celebration ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 s]i\s riots broke out1 & ,prie/ley1 :o 0 !n m9i/] ( ! ,new ,meet+ !re1 0 made a pr9cipal victim ?\gh he 0 n "o ( ! d9]s4 ,8 h\se & libr>y 7 burn$1 & he b>ely escap$ ! viol5ce ( ! mob4 ,o!r resid5ces 7 also de/roy$1 & ! ,old & ,new ,meet+s 7 burnt d[n4 ,ultimately1 9 #agid1 ,prie/ley s\ght asylum 9 ,am]ica f ! ill-w t pursu$ him ev5 9 ,london4 ,bi%op ,horsley1 "o ( 8 /urdie/ oppon5ts 9 controv]sy1 said1 '! patri>* ( ! sect is fl$4' ,x 0 e>li] 9 ! same ye> t ! fir/ organiz$ ,unit>ian propag&a took %ape 9 a ,unit>ian ,society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k4 ,di/rict unions 7 soon =m$1 & 9 #ahjf a ,unit>ian ,fund 0 rais$ by means ( :i* ! fir/ it9]ant mission>y ( ! body1 ,ri*>d ,wright 7#agfd-ahcf71 0 s5t lit]ally f end to end ( ,great ,brita94 ,9 #ahac1 ,unit>ians 7 set free f legal p5alties by ! repeal1 s f> z !y 7 conc]n$1 ( ! exceptive clauses ( ! ,tol]ation ,act1 ?is relief com+ tw5ty ye>s aft] ,*>les ,james ,fox _h tri$ to secure x = !m4 ,! memb] :o 0 successful 0 ,mr4 ,william ,smi?1 :o sat = ,norwi*1 & ^: gr&daught] 0 ,flor5ce ,night+ale4 ,9 #ahai an ,association 0 f\nd$ to protect & ext5d ! ,civil ,rights ( ,unit>ians4 ,x 0 by comb9+ ! ?ree societies--! ,society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k1 ! ,fund1 & ,civil ,rights ,society1 t ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,unit>ian ,association 0 =m$1 z has be5 said1 9 #ahbe4 ,9 ord] to und]/& fairly ! scope & _s ( t e>li] ,unit>ian p]iod1 ?us at la/ organiz$ 9 full legal recognition1 ?\gh /ill suff]+ f ! prejudice inevitably creat$ by m ?an a c5tury ( legal condemnation1 a few sali5t po9ts %\ld be kept 9 view4 ,fir/1 ! het]og5e\s elem5ts 9 ! 'body1' if x c\ld be call$ su*1 7 a s\rce ( weakness 9 reg>d to unit$ action4 ,in/ead ( belong+1 z _! ,am]ican bre?r5 did1 to "o ecclesia/ical gr\p1 & t ! dom9ant "o1 ! ,engli% ,unit>ians includ$ ,diss5t]s ( diff]5t t5d5cies & traditions1 ) a few recruits f ! ,/ate ,*ur*4 ,! ',presbyt]ian' congregations1 z !y 7 n v /rictly call$1 7 ! backbone ( ! 'body'2 _m ( ^!1 h[ev]1 7 v weak1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few decades "s 7 de/9$ to foll[ ^? :i* _h di$ out 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,conv]ts n infrequ5tly l5t new =ce 9 ! pulpit1 b at ! risk ( sub/itut+ an eag] mission>y _s = ! usual /aid decorum ( ! old families4 ,9 ^! ! ideals ( bread?1 simplicity1 & moral excell5ce 7 /rong] ?an ! desire1 natural 9 a conv]t1 to w9 ! _w to "o's op9ion4 ,aga91 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t !n1 z g5]ally1 !re 7 m5 ^: ?\ghts ran ahead ( ^? ( ! majority4 ,prie/ley1 = example1 :ile adh]+ to ! idea t ! ,*ri/ian revelation _h be5 gu>ante$ by miracles1 _h ab&on$ belief 9 ! ,virg9 bir? z e>ly z #aghd1 & w5t s f> z to ma9ta9 t ,jesus 0 n impeccable & _h c]ta9ly ent]ta9$ errone\s ideas ab\t demoniacal possession4 ,probably !re 7 v few :o _h arriv$ at ^! conclusions ev5 ?irty ye>s lat]2 "s ,unit>ians repudiat$ !m at a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,! miracul\s elem5t1 h[ev]1 0 =m]ly accept$ by all4 ,s 0 ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 ?\gh "h aga9 m5 l ,prie/ley 7 ahead ( ! re/ 9 br++ to ! /udy ( ! ,bible ! pr9ciples ( hi/orical criticism4 ,?omas ,bel%am 7#agej-ahbi71 a typical ,unit>ian s*ol> & div9e at ?is p]iod1 0 "o ( sev]al :o c>ri$ =w>d ! sci5ce ( ,biblical int]pretation1 & by ! use ( a vigor\s & fe>less intellect anticipat$ views ( ,g5esis & ! ,p5tateu* :i* did n f9d g5]al acceptance till mu* lat]4 ,x is cu/om>y = ,unit>ians !mselves to-day to look back on ^! ye>s ( e>ly zeal & controv]sy ) b a qualifi$ sympa?y1 s mu* 0 /ill *]i%$ 9 ! body z a :ole t is no long] t5able1 & aga9 s mu* t 0 undream$ !n is indisp5sable to mod]n ?\ght4 ,"o ( ! greate/ ( ,unit>ians1 ,dr4 ,m>t9eau1 ^: important %>e 9 ! developm5t ( _! ideas & life mu/ be consid]$ f>!r on1 ref]r$ 9 a disc\rse ( ab\t =ty ye>s ago to ?ree di/9ct /ages 9 ,unit>ian !ology4 ,fir/1 he po9t$ to ! significance ( ! /ruggle = ! pr9ciple ( ',unity 9 ! ,div9e causation1' z aga9/ a doctr9e :i*1 z ,unit>ians ma9ta91 endeav\rs 9 va9 by words to prev5t a triplicity ( ',p]sons' f slid+ into a gr\p ( ?ree ,div9e ,be+s4 ,?is /ruggle m>ks 9 great "p ! :ole track by :i* ! read] has come ?us f> 9 ! pres5t /ory4 ,! second /age1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,m>t9eau1 is t 9 :i* ! ,consci5ce ( ,man is emphasiz$1 9 virtue ( ! belief 9 a real responsibility & an actual p[] to *oose ! "r or ! wrong4 ,?is ',religion ( ,consci5ce' he sees especially illu/rat$ 9 ! pr9ciples enunciat$ & ! "w accompli%$ by ,*ann+2 p]haps x w\ld be fair to say t _m :o _h prec$$ ! ,am]ican lead] 7 imbu$ ) a measure ( 8 wisdom :5 !y insi/$1 z we h se51 on ! adaptability ( ! pure ,gospel message to ! ne$s & und]/&+ ( m5 ev]y:]e1 & decl>$ t its aim 0 'to make m5 good & keep !m s4' ,! ?ird /age1 :i* ,dr4 ,m>t9eau consid]$ to be fully begun at ! "t ( 8 s]mon 7#ahfi71 is t ( ! ',religion ( ! ,_s1' 9 :i* ! ideas ( ! ,div9e ,sov]eignty & ! ,human ,duty are r\nd$ into vital beauty & complet5ess by ! idea ( ! actual relation ( ,man to ,god z a ,son to a ,fa!r4 ,we h ref]r$ 9 advance to ?is comp5di\s view 9 ord] to %[ :i!r ! sequel is to lead u1 b be=e ?is all-important developm5t c be trac$ !re rema9s "o m piece ( ext]nal hi/ory to be suppli$4 ,happily x may be dealt ) summ>ily4 ,,que/ions ,,( ,,inh]itance ,! bitt]ness ( !ological discussion :i* tr\bl$ ! e>li] decades ( ! n9ete5? c5tury receiv$ new provocation 9 ! %ape ( litigation ab\t prop]ty4 ,bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica ! "r ( ,unit>ianism 0 *all5g$ to hold ^? ,meet+ ,h\ses & ,p>i% ,*ur*es respectively1 to :i* allusion 0 made 9 our op5+ pages4 ,9 ,new ,engl& ! *ief matt] ( cont5tion 0 settl$ z e>ly z #ahah4 ,9 ! ,old ,c\ntry ! /ruggle 0 mu* m protract$1 & 0 only br\ght to an end by special legislation 9 #ahdd4 ,! ,am]ican dispute may be briefly /at$4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! gr[+ & unconceal$ dep>ture ( ! lib]al ,congregationali/s f ! doctr9al /&>ds ( ! pa/ !re arose a feel+ among ! cons]vatives t ! =m] gr\p %\ld g out ( fell[%ip1 b ! communal conditions ( ! p>i% made ?is out ( ! "q4 ,all ! citiz5s _h a "r to %>e 9 ! provision = religion :i* 0 made at ! g5]al co/4 ,an acute difficulty1 h[ev]1 pres5t$ itself 9 reg>d to ! *oice ( m9i/]4 ,%\ld he be ( ! or?odox or ! het]odox type8 ,! appo9tm5t be+ = life made an election mo/ critical4 ,an incid5t ( ?is k9d occurr$ at ,d$ham1 ,mass41 & com+ into ! c\rts l$ to a decision 9 fav\r ( ! lib]als1 i4e4 ( ! ',unit>ianiz]s4' ,! case 0 argu$ 9 ?is way3 ,a majority ( memb]s on ! regi/] be+ 9 fav\r ( "o type1 are !y at lib]ty to *oose z !y w8 ,or h ! citiz5s at l>ge1 be+ contributories to ! ma9t5ance funds1 a "r to vote8 ,x 0 decid$ by ! c\rts t ! popul> "r 0 valid z aga9/ ! wi%es ( any inn] & cov5ant$ gr\p ( wor%ipp]s4 ,?is meant1 9 sub/ance1 t or?odox vot]s 7 outvot$ by het]odox vot]s :o _h n enroll$ !mselves by a religi\s pl$ge4 ,! *agr9 ( ! defeat$ cons]vatives 0 naturally great1 & h>% language ensu$4 ,! up%ot 0 unaffect$1 ( c\rse1 & "t alone has _h to s(t5 ! angry feel+s :i* = a long "t kept ! two w+s ( ,new ,engl& ,congregationalism ho/ile1 to ! regret ( good m5 on ea* side4 ,9 rec5t ye>s v fri5dly relation%ips h be5 happily set up1 :ile ! ,unit>ians rema9 undisput$ heirs ( ! old ,p>i% ,*ur*es4 ,x %\ld be c>efully not$1 h[ev]1 t 9 #ahcc ! communal support ( religion 0 aboli%$1 & all religi\s bodies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h be5 dep5d5t s9ce !n ^u private res\rces4 ,9 ,engl& ! or?odox oppon5ts ( ,unit>ianism tri$ to ou/ ! het]odox congregations ( ! old ,meet+ ,h\ses4 ,a suit = possession ( end[m5t funds :i* 0 f9ally decid$ aga9/ ! ,unit>ians ( ,wolv]hampton began 9 #ahag2 & a /rongly organiz$ attack foll[$ 9 #ahbe4 ,a ri* fund = m9i/]ial support1 ,lady ,hewley's ,*>ity1 01 aft] actions c>ri$ to ! highe/ c\rt1 decl>$ n to be applicable to ! assi/ance ( ,unit>ians4 ,?is decision1 9 #ahdb1 look$ l ! beg9n+ ( ! end = ! t5ure ( ! ,meet+ ,h\ses !mselves1 ! ,wolv]hampton case be+ n[ decid$ on ! l9es ( ! ,hewley judgm5t4 ,b an ,act ( ,p>liam5t--! ,diss5t]s' ,*apels ,act--pass$ 9 #ahdd 7ow+ 9 "s "p to ! p[]ful support ( ,mr4 ,w4,e4 ,glad/one71 secur$ ! congregations 9 undi/urb$ possession4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is law applies to all places ( wor%ip held ^u ',op51' i4e4 non-doctr9al ,tru/s2 :]e ! congregation c %[ t ! pres5t usage agrees sub/antially ) t ( ! pa/ tw5ty-five ye>s1 x is n to be eject$4 ,at ! "t ( ?is litigation ! t]m ',engli% ,presbyt]ian' came mu* into vogue among ,unit>ians1 & = "s "t !re 0 a m>k$ abatem5t ( propag&i/ zeal4 ,,mod]n ,,unit>ianism ,i4 ,,! ,,communities ,hav+ n[ foll[$ ! =tunes ( ! ,unit>ians up to ! po9t :]e !y obta9$ a recogniz$ position among religi\s organizations1 we ne$ n ent] into ! m9ute details ( _! d5om9ational hi/ory4 ,less ?an sev5ty ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! pass+ ( ! ,diss5t]s' ,*apels ,act1 & less ?an a c5tury s9ce ! judgm5t 9 ! ,d$ham case4 ,! congregational increase1 ?\gh sub/antial1 has n be5 great2 ,unit>ians claim r to h influ5c$ ! advance ( ?\ght 9 o!r d5om9ations ?an to h creat$ "o m sect4 ,at pres5t _! num]ical /r5g? may be e/imat$ f ! foll[+ p>ticul>s4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,isles & colonial c5tres !re are ne>ly f\r hundr$ places ( wor%ip1 & a simil> numb] ( m9i/]s2 9 _m cases ! congregations are small1 & ! li/ ( m9i/]s includes "s t are retir$ & o!rs :o are reg>d$ z 'lay-work]s' only4 ,!re are ab\t five hundr$ m9i/]s & congregations 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,two or ?ree colleges 9 ,engl& & a simil> numb] 9 ,am]ica tra9 /ud5ts = ! m9i/ry1 b _m jo9 ! ranks f o!r d5om9ations4 ,wom5 are eligible z m9i/]s1 b actual in/ances are r>e4 ,local unions exi/ to a fairly adequate ext5t4 ,9 ,engl& & ,am]ica ,national ,conf]5ces meet at int]vals2 ! ,unit>ian ,associations cont9u\sly publi% lit]ature1 s5d out lectur]s1 & promote new congregations4 ,!re are sev]al p]iodicals4 ,! mo/ notewor?y 9 ,engl& is ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 :i* foll[s 9 ! l9e ( o!r reviews ( high /&>d 9 pa/ ye>s1 & :i* specially illu/rates ! _s animat+ a l>ge & influ5tial section ( ! body4 ,x is promot$ = free & op5 int]c\rse betwe5 s]i\s ?9k]s ( all s*ools ( !ological & social philosophy1 & is report$ to h a circulation q beyond t ( any simil> publication4 ,! ',hibb]t ,lectures1' connect$ ) ! tru/ f\nd$ 9 #ahdg = ! diffusion ( ',*ri/ianity 9 its simple/ & mo/ intelligible =m1' fur!r exemplify ! broad int]pretation ( ?is duty4 ,s*ol>s ( diff]5t *ur*es h contribut$ to ! s]ies ( volumes well kn[n to religi\s /ud5ts4 ,! pr9ciple foll[$ 9 g5]al is /at$ 9 ! (t-quot$ phrase--',free ,le>n+ & ,free ,tea*+ 9 ,!ology4' ,x is ne$ful1 p]haps1 to gu>d aga9/ ! inf]5ce t ! ,unit>ian movem5t is only1 or 9 ! ma91 an intellectual "o4 ,s9ce #ahcc1 9 consequ5ce ( a visit by ,dr4 ,joseph ,tuck]man1 f ,bo/on1 ',dome/ic ,missions' 7 f\nd$1 to promote ! religi\s improvem5t ( ! neglect$ poor1 & to-day ?is k9d ( "w /ill goes on ) mu* social b5efit 9 our l>g] cities4 ,simil> b5evol5ce has m>k$ ! ,am]ican side4 ,_m congregations1 too1 are compos$ l>gely ( work+-p1 & 9 rec5t ye>s a ,van ,mission has c>ri$ ! ,unit>ian message into ! c\ntry villages1 m9+ di/ricts1 & o!r popul\s p>ts4 ,^! aspects ( _! activity are apt to be obscur$ ow+ to a p>donable disposition ( ,unit>ianism to po9t to ! 'great names' associat$ ) _! *ur*es4 ,9 ! ,am]ican li/1 = example1 we f9d ,em]son1 ,longfell[1 ,o4,w4 ,holmes1 ,bryant1 ,haw?orne--,:itti] & ,l[ell _h close aff9ities2 ,bancr(t1 ,motley1 ,prescott1 ,p>kman2 ,m>g>et ,full]1 ,l\isa ,alcott2 & /atesm51 juri/s1 m]*ants1 & sci5ti/s too num]\s to set d[n "h4 ,obvi\sly1 ! ,engli% side _c rival su* a brilliant roll2 ! lite ( society has n be5 "h1 z 9 ,new ,engl&1 on ! side ( ! new] !ology4 ,yet ,engli% ,unit>ianism has its em95t names also1 alike 9 lit]ature1 sci5ce1 politics1 philan?ropy1 & s*ol>%ip ( v>i\s k9ds2 & ! body is cr$it$ ) a civic /r5g? out ( proportion to ! numb] ( its av[$ adh]5ts1 :ile its philan?ropies h be5 ( ! same broad & enlight5$ k9d z ^? :i* enri* ! ,am]ican record4 ,,ii4 ,,ideas ,,& ,,t5d5cies ,m important to ! g5]al public is ! "q ( ideas :i* n[ prevail among ,unit>ians4 ,our prec$+ sket* has %[n "s ( ! results ( ! fre$om claim$ by !m 9 "o g5]ation aft] ano!r4 ,we h n[ to see 9 :at respects ! n9ete5? c5tury effect$ a fur!r *ange4 ,9 ! fir/ ?ird ( ! c5tury !re c be no d\bt t ,unit>ians adh]$ t5aci\sly1 b ) discrim9ation1 to ! idea ( ! f9al au?ority ( ! ,bible4 ,9 ?is respect !y 7 l ,prote/ants g5]ally1 & ?\gh !y nev]!less br\ght 'reason' to be> on _! read+ ( ! ,scriptures1 o!r ,prote/ants did ! same1 if to a less degree4 ,bo? 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ,engl& ?is attitude 0 /ill common up till ne>ly ! middle ( ! c5tury1 & in/ances c\ld easily be f\nd lat] /ill4 ,! miracul\s elem5t 0 ?us reta9$1 ?\gh z we h se5 z e>ly z 9 ,prie/ley's case !re 0 a t5d5cy to elim9ate "s "p ( ! sup]natural4 ,t a ?or\ghgo+ belief c\ld be /at$ 9 good r\nd t]ms is evid5t f ! foll[+ s5t5ce tak5 f a book issu$ by ,dr4 ,orville ,dewey 7#agid-ahhb71 "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t pulpit orators ( 8 day4 ,! book is entitl$ ,unit>ian ,belief1 its date is #ahci4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,bible ! au?or says1 ',en\gh is x = u1 t ! matt] is div9e1 ! doctr9es true1 ! hi/ory au!ntic1 ! miracles real1 ! promises glori\s1 ! ?reat5+s fe>ful4' ,!re is good gr\nd = tak+ ?is z a fair example ( ! ideas preval5t among ,am]ican ,unit>ians at t "t4 ,p]haps ! /atem5t 0 made ! m emphatic 9 view ( "s rem>ks rec5tly utt]$ by two "y m5 ^: influ5ce1 along ) m g5]al t5d5cies1 prov$ fatal to ! old doctr9e4 ,"o ( ^! "y m5 0 ,james ,m>t9eau 7#ahje-aijj71 :o at ! age ( ?irty-"o 0 already kn[n z a writ] & prea*] f> above ! av]age4 ,he 0 !n resid5t 9 ,liv]pool1 :]e he wrote a rem>kable little book ) ! title ,! ,rationale ( ,religi\s ,inquiry 7#ahhf74 ,m ?an fifty ye>s lat] he publi%$ an ev5 m rem>kable book1 ,! ,seat ( ,au?ority 9 ,religion4 ,!re is1 inde$1 half a c5tury ( developm5t betwe5 ! two books1 yet ! g]m9al ?\ght ( ! second may be detect$ 9 ! fir/4 ,! po9t at issue is :]e ! ultimate appeal %\ld lie 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,) ! ke5 eye = ! weaknesses ( 8 fell[-wor%ipp]s :i* always *>act]iz$ him1 ,m>t9eau said1 ',! ,unit>ian takes ) him to ! /udy ( ! ,bible ! p]suasion t no?+ c be scriptural :i* is n rational & univ]sal4' ,?is fix$ op9ion1 :i* he ranks along ) ! =egone conclusions ( o!r types ( !ologian1 0 j t :i* we h obs]v$ 9 ! g5]al c\rse ( lib]als f ,locke onw>ds4 ,?\gh 9 a note ,m>t9eau conc$es t 8 words may some:at /rongly acc5tuate ! common op9ion1 he repres5ts ,unit>ians z virtually say+1 ',if we c\ld f9d ! doctr9es ( ! ,tr9ity & ! ,atonem5t1 & ev]la/+ torm5ts 9 ! ,scriptures1 we %\ld believe !m2 we reject !m1 n because we deem !m unreasonable1 b because we p]ceive !m to be unscriptural4 ,= my own "p1 ,i confess myself unable to adopt ?is language'--n1 he says1 b t he does ?9k !m actually 'unscriptural4' ',b ,i am prep>$ to ma9ta91 t if !y 7 9 ! ,bible1 !y w\ld /ill be incr$ible4444 ,reason is ! ultimate appeal1 ! supreme tribunal1 to :i* ! te/ ( ev5 ,scripture mu/ be br\ght4' ,x abates no?+ f ! =ce ( ^! decl>ations t !n1 & = "s "t aft]w>ds1 ,m>t9eau himself accept$ ! miracles4 ,! 'old s*ool' p]ceiv$ ! %>p edge ( su* a weapon1 & its wield] 0 dur+ _m ye>s reg>d$ z a 'dang]\s' innovator4 ,! o!r "y writ] to :om ref]5ce has be5 made 0 ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son 7#ahjc-hb71 son & gr&son ( m9i/]s ( ! lib]al ,congregational type 9 ,new ,engl& & himself = a %ort "t m9i/] ( ! ,second ,*ur*1 ,bo/on4 ,pref]r+ ! fre$om ( ! lectur+ plat=m1 ,em]son _h already )drawn f ! m9i/ry1 b 9 #ahch he gave an ',address to ! ,s5ior ,class' 9 ! ,div9ity ,s*ool1 ,h>v>d1 :i* prov$ a second l&m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican ,unit>ianism4 ,n9ete5 ye>s be=e1 ,*ann+ _h decisively po9t$ out t ,unit>ianism & or?odoxy are two di/9ct !ologies4 ,9 ! ,div9ity ,s*ool ,address1 ,em]son ma9ta9$ t ! idea ( 'sup]naturalism' is r5d]$ obsolete by a recognition ( ! reality ( ?+s4 ,br++ a gift ( pung5t prose to ! s]vice ( a poetic imag9ation1 ,em]son />tl$ ! decor\sly dignifi$ au?orities ( ! ,new ,engl& pulpit2 he 'sav$ u1' says ,l[ell1 'f ! body ( ?is dea?4' ,he po9t$ f ! record ( miracles pa/ to an ev]-pres5t miracle4 ,to ! illum9ation ( 'reason1' :i* ,unit>ians _h foll[$ s loyally--)9 ! proviso ( a special revelation--he br\ght ! light ( a my/ic intuition4 ,"s ( 8 eld]s judg$ x to be 'false fire' p]il\sly ak9 to ! 'en?usiasm' :i* _! pr$ecessors _h s (t5 condemn$4 ,9 d>+ simplicity he urg$ t !re _h be5 'noxi\s exagg]ation ab\t ! p]son ( ,jesus4' ',! s\l kn[s no p]sons4' ,! div9e is always lat5t 9 ! human4 ,revelation is n end$--z if ,god 7 dead6 ,! %ock to ! old-fa%ion$ m9ds 0 imm5se4 ,long & f>-s\nd+ debate foll[$1 ?\gh ,em]son1 ) provok+ self-possession1 decl9$ to argue4 ,he simply 'ann\nc$4' ,?is oracul> attitude c]ta9ly affect$ "s ( ! y\ng] m5 greatly1 b =tunately = ! success ( ! new gospel "o ( ^! y\ng] m5 translat$ ! oracul> into a m popul> & reason$ =m4 ,?ree ye>s aft] ,em]son's ,address1 ,!odore ,p>k] 7#ahaj-fj7 complet$ ! ,unit>ian trilogy by a s]mon on ,! ,transi5t & ! ,p]man5t 9 ,!ology4 ,x may be said to h done = ,em]son's message ! k9d ( s]vice r5d]$ by ,huxley to ,d>w9's4 ,p>k] at once became a m>k$ man2 mo/ ,unit>ian pulpits 7 clos$ aga9/ him1 b a l>ge hall accommodat$ ! va/ cr[ds t came to he> him4 ,x is d\btful if su* num]\s congregations ev] li/5$ to a ,unit>ian be=e or s9ce4 ,he cont9u$ an ardu\s "w = "s fifte5 ye>s1 b x wore him out be=e 8 "t4 ,he 0 an erudite s*ol> & a prolific writ]4 ,disc>d+ ! claims ( ,*ri/ianity to be ! only 'div9e revelation1' he bas$ 8 cle> & always optimi/ic !ism on ! broad facts ( human exp]i5ce4 ,ard5tly int]e/$ 9 social & political que/ions1 he p\r$ satire )\t /9t on ! religi\s def5d]s ( slav]y1 & himself d>$ all risks along ) ! =emo/ abolitioni/s4 ,su* a man c\ld n b c\nt = mu*2 & ?\gh 8 radical views 9 !ology greatly di/urb$ = _m ye>s ! cons]vatives 9 ! body--= ,unit>ianism itself _h by ?is "t a well-def9$ cons]vative type--!y c\ld n fail to p]meate ! m9ds ( ! masses4 ,( ,em]son's own life-"w ?is is h>dly ! place to speak at l>ge1 b 9 connection ) ! developm5t ( t ',religion ( ! ,_s' 9 :i* ,dr4 ,m>t9eau sees ! culm9ation ( ! !ological progress ( ,unit>ianism1 ,em]son's %>e mu/ be all[$ to be a l>ge "o4 ,:5 ,dean ,/anley visit$ ,am]ica he is said to h report$ t he _h he>d s]mons f _m pulpits1 b ',em]son 0 ! "o prea*] 9 !m all4' ,x is c]ta9 t at "o "t ! /yle1 if n also ! ?\ght1 ( ,em]son 0 ext5sively copi$ by ! prea*]s1 n always to ! ga9 ( solidity4 ,a degree ( jaunt9ess appe>s 9 ! worse specim5s ( ^! imitations1 & ,"l ,morley's criticism t ,em]son himself 0 too oblivi\s ( ! d>k side ( human suff]+ & guilt w\ld d\btless apply to mu* ( ! ,unit>ian eloqu5ce at "o "t inspir$ by 8 wit*+ voice4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is b "o side ( ! ,am]ican message 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury2 evid5ce ab\nds t a ',*ri/oc5tric' type ( tea*+1 ) adhesion to mu* ( old mat]ial ( ! ,gospels1 held its own till a g5]ation ago1 & its peculi> acc5t is n )\t e*oes to-day4 ,on ! :ole x is probable t1 z at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury1 ! 'lib]als' 9 ,new ,engl& ,congregationalism 7 some:at %ock$ at "s ( ! d>+ views ( ! ,prie/leyan ,unit>ians 9 ,engl&1 s ev5 t[>ds its close ! g5]al position ( ?\ght 0 m cons]vative !re ?an 0 ! rule "h4 ,c]ta9ly1 also1 !re 0 a deep1 t5d] tone manife/$ ev5 :]e op9ion 0 mo/ radical among ! ,am]ican ,unit>ians1 & ( ?is no bett] pro( c be cit$ ?an ! l>ge numb] ( hymns ( a high ord] bo? ( ?\ght & expression :i* h be5 writt5 among !m4 ,!y s]ve to %[ t a frank acceptance ( ! evolution>y philosophy by no means necess>ily entails ! decay ( dev\t p]sonal piety or ! loss ( beautiful ideals4 ,among ! ,am]ican hymni/s ! foll[+ are specially em95t1 & _! productions are (t5 to be f\nd 9 'or?odox' collections3 ,samuel ,longfell[ 7bro!r to ,h4,w4,l471 ,samuel ,johnson1 ,w4,c4 ,gannett1 ,j4,w4 ,*adwick1 & ,f4,l4 ,hosm]4 ,on ! ,engli% side o!r sweet s+]s h appe>$3 ',ne>]1 my ,god1 to ,!e1' by ,s>ah ,fl[] ,adams1 is a _w-r5[n$ hymn2 & if ! names ( ,*ann+1 ,em]son1 & ,p>k] _c be equally mat*$ "h 9 _! sev]al sph]es1 !re has be5 no lack ( able & s*ol>ly repres5tatives1 & "o "n at lea/ is ( univ]sal reputation4 ,t "n1 ( c\rse1 is ,m>t9eau4 ,! effective *anges f ! old ,unit>ianism to ! mod]n type are be/ display$ 9 ! /ory ( 8 long life & ! monum5tal books :i* be> 8 "n4 ,ref]5ce has be5 made to 8 e>ly brilliance2 its promise 0 amply fulfill$ 9 ! c\rse ( a c>e] m ?an usually prolong$4 ,! note ( orig9al ?\ght s\nd$ 9 ! ,rationale 7see p4 #fc997 0 to be he>d aga9 & aga9 9 o!r & m p]man5t utt]ances1 & n seldom to ! p]plexity & dismay ( _m ( 8 ,unit>ian bre?r54 ,alike 9 religi\s philosophy1 9 attitude to ! ,scriptures1 & 9 matt]s ( *ur* organization1 he f\nd himself f "t to "t at v>iance ) mo/ ( ^? close ar\nd him4 ,8 philosophical & critical influ5ce 0 9 l>ge measure victori\s2 9 reg>d to organization ! results 7 less satisfactory to himself4 ,x w be in/ructive to obs]ve 8 progress4 993 ?ird p>agraph ( ,mod]n ,unit>ianism3 ,,ii4 ,ideas & ,t5d5cies4 ,z reg>ds philosophy1 x is necess>y to rememb] ! influ5ce ( ,prie/ley & ,bel%am4 ,^! ,unit>ian lead]s1 foll[+ ,h>tley's psy*ology1 /ood = a det]m9ism :i* 0 complete4 ,god 0 ! ,great ,cause ( all2 n ! ',fir/ ,cause' ( ! dei/ic conception1 op]ative only at ! beg9n+ ( ! *a9 ( ev5ts & n[ remote f man & ! _w1 b pres5t & imm$iate1 exhibit+ 8 div9e purposes 9 all ! be+s creat$ by him4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! view ( ?is s*ool1 0 ! means by :i* ,god _h be5 pleas$ to make kn[n ! gr& consummation ( ?is life 9 a p]fect$ life to come2 ,jesus1 ! ,messiah1 0 ! *os5 reveal] ( ! div9e w1 & 8 resurrection 0 ! supreme & necess>y gu>antee t 8 message 0 true4 ,m>t9eau1 l ! re/ ( 8 g5]ation1 0 br\ght up 9 ?is necess>ianism2 b its t5d5cy1 z he review$ & te/$ x1 0 to d viol5ce to c]ta9 irrepressible factors ( ! spiritual life4 ,x is only fair to say1 !re 0 ev5 9 ?is ,prie/leyan s*ool room = a my/ical mood2 b on ! :ole x appe>$ dry & intellectual1 lack+ ! w>m & op]ative =ces ( a deep] devotion4 ,x is int]e/+ to f9d t ,m>t9eau himself confess$ t ! fre%5+ t\* ^u 8 own inn] life came 9 a clos] contact ) evangelical piety4 ,8 m9d 0 to ! end ( 8 _m ye>s readily responsive to cong5ial impulses1 let !m come :5ce !y w\ld1 & no small "p ( 8 s]vice to ,unit>ianism consi/s 9 ! broad] sympa?ies :i* he g5]at$ 9 its circles4 ,to ,*ann+1 also1 he express$ gratitude = help+ to wake 9 him a new s5se ( ! mean+ ( life & religion4 ,x 0 ,*ann+'s *>act]i/ic to insi/ on ! significance ( p]sonality4 ,! wor?1 ! dep?1 & also ! rights ( ! ,human made s vivid an appeal to 8 m9d z to react on 8 conceptions ( ! ,div9e4 ,)91 a few ye>s aft] ! ,rationale 0 publi%$1 ,m>t9eau is f\nd mak+ an obvi\s *ange ( base4 ,he has realiz$ t ! ext]nally communicat$ religion ( ! old s*ool1 h[ev] sublime 9 its proportions1 fails to meet ! ne$s or1 inde$1 to fit ! facts ( ! inn] life4 ,man's p]sonality rises1 9 8 ?\ght1 into t\* ) ,god's2 ! revelation f )\t c only be recogniz$ z su* by ! aid ( a revelation )92 a real activity1 a g5u9e moral *oice1 & a result+ "*1 ! m>ks ( a truly liv+ ,s\l1 ^! are indisp5sable to an adequate view ( ! religi\s life4 ,b all ?is involves two significant positions1 ea* f> asund] f ^? hi!rto put =?--!re mu/ be ,fre$om1 at lea/ 9 ! moral _w2 & ! ,div9e assurances ( moral values & ( lov+ aid to w9 !m are no long] conf9$ to an out] record4 ,su* a record may yield invaluable s]vice z a height5] & int]pret] ( individual exp]i5ce2 to ! la/ we f9d ,m>t9eau atta*+ a pr(\nd & q special significance to ! revelation 9 ,jesus ( ! life ( son%ip to ,god1 & reta9+ t5aci\sly ! ,*ri/ian attitude 9 pref]5ce to "o ( simple !ism4 ,b 8 sy/em is bas$ on ! int]nal2 all ! re/1 ! ,*ur*1 ! ,bible1 ,nature1 h[ev] augu/ & *>g$ ) mean+1 is supplem5t>y to t4 ,9 ! ,am]ican field1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,em]son & ! ,g]man philosophy1 :at is call$ ',transc5d5talism' fl\ri%$ midway 9 ! c5tury1 & !re z well z 9 ,engl& its extravagances 7 deplor$4 ,m>t9eau himself1 :ile approa*+ s ne>ly to ! egoi/ic c5tre1 0 safegu>d$ f all su* vag>ies by an all-p]vad+ s5se ( duty4 ,9 8 volumes ( s]mon ! ,endeav\rs aft] ! ,*ri/ian ,life1 & ,h\rs ( ,?\ght on ,sacr$ ,?+s1 :i* rema9 among ! *oice/ ( _! k9d 9 our language1 8 au/]ity ( moral tone is only reliev$ by an elevation ( poetic my/icism till !n unkn[n 9 ,unit>ian lit]ature4 ,x 01 inde$1 8 conviction t ! body w\ld n write poetry = a g5]ation or two1 s dry & prosaic did he f9d x2 b at t v "t 8 own ef=ts 9 hymnody on "o side & on ! o!r 8 lyric prose1 almo/ too ri*ly ornate = g5]al we>1 7 t\*+ new spr+s ( feel+4 ,by & by1 he issu$ 9 conjunction ) o!rs a set ( liturgical s]vices1 :i* did mu* to l5d dignity to congregational wor%ip4 ,& :at gave unique influ5ce to 8 ideas 0 8 intimate connection f #ahdj to #ahhe ) ',man*e/] ,college1' ,london1 "o ( ! successors to ! old ',academies' 7n[ aft] its sev]al migrations h&somely h\s$ at ,ox=d74 ,at ?is college1 z pr(essor ( m5tal & moral philosophy & = _m ye>s z ,pr9cipal1 he made a deep & la/+ impression on ! m9ds ( mo/ ( ! lead+ s*ol>s & prea*]s4 ,8 great works4 ,types ( ,e?ical ,!ory & ,a ,/udy ( ,religion1 ga!r$ up ! h>ve/ ( long /udy & exposition 9 ^! subjects1 & are ! mo/ important ( _! k9d giv5 by ,unit>ians to ! _w4 ,9 accordance ) :at has be5 indicat$1 ! lat] attitude ( ,m>t9eau1 & naturally ( 8 pupils--?\gh ! pr9ciple ( free & indep5d5t judgm5t is & always has be5 insi/$ ^u--has be5 radical 9 respect to ,biblical1 & especially to ,new ,te/am5t1 /udies4 ,an influ5ce 9 ?is dep>tm5t m direct ?an 8 own 0 =m]ly f\nd 9 ! writ+s & lectures ( ,john ,james ,tayl] 7#agig-ahfi71 8 pr$ecessor z ,pr9cipal4 ,?is ripe & fe>less s*ol> br\ght home to ,unit>ians ! weal? ( cont95tal lit]ature on ! subject4 ,! 'old s*ool' /ood agha/ z ! tide ( ',g]man criticism' ov]fl[$ ! old l&m>ks ( ?\ght2 & :5 ,tayl] himself issu$ a "w /rongly adv]se to ! apo/olic au?or%ip ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel di/ress 0 extreme4 ,9 ^! matt]s1 h[ev]1 ! tide prov$ irresi/ible1 & ! next g5]ation ( prea*]s & /ud5ts 7 among ! mo/ ard5t translators & popul>iz]s ( ! new views ( ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian orig9s4 ,! 'free' "* ( ! pulpits has made ! way easi] ?an 9 mo/ o!r d5om9ations = ! incom+ ( mod]n ?\ght 9 ?is & o!r directions4 ,! influ5ce ( natural sci5ce ^u ! tr5d ( ,unit>ian op9ion has h>dly be5 second to t ( ,biblical criticism4 ,"s names 9 ! li/ ( prom95t ,unit>ians are celebrat$ 9 ?is connection--,l\is ,agassiz 7#ahjg-gc71 = example1 on ! ,am]ican side1 ,sir ,*>les ,lyell 7#agig-ahge7 & ,dr4 ,w4,b4 ,c>p5t] 7#ahac-he7 on ! ,engli% side4 ,a son ( ! la/ nam$1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,e/l9 ,c>p5t]1 a man ( wide & v>i$ s*ol>%ip1 is n[ ,pr9cipal ( ,man*e/] ,college4 ,a field 9 :i* he is specially exp]t is t ( comp>ative religion1 & "h also is a s\rce ( _m consid]ations t h trans=m$ ,unit>ianism into "o ( ! mo/ lib]al types ( ?\ght 9 ! mod]n religi\s _w4 ,x is n to be inf]r$1 h[ev]1 t ! 'radical' t5d5cies1 :ile pr$om9ant1 h ev]y:]e prevail$ among ,unit>ians4 ,! 'cons]vative' side cont9u$ 9 ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury to yield important signs ( its exi/5ce & fruitfulness1 & its vitality is f> f exhau/$ /ill4 ,! miracul\s elem5t has ev5 "h be5 r$uc$ to a m9imum1 b x has left a t+e on ! picture ( ,jesus :i* fills ! imag9ation & k9dles ! rev]5t affection ( _m4 ,among ! m gift$ repres5tatives ( ?is s*ool we may "n ! ,am]icans ,dr4 ,h4,w4 ,furness 7#ahjb-if7 & ,dr4 ,j4 ,freeman ,cl>ke 7#ahaj-hh71 & ! ,engli% ,john ,hamilton ,?om 7#ahjh-id74 ,?om's s]mons are rank$ among ! highe/ = spirituality & p5etration2 !y c]ta9ly _h pr(\nd effect 9 /imulat+ ! wise & g5]\s philan?ropy ( ,william ,ra?bone & ,sir ,h5ry ,tate4 ,a celebrat$ repres5tative ( ?is side ( ,unit>ianism is ,dr4 ,james ,drummond1 /ill liv+1 ! au?or ( sev]al works ( ,european repute among ,new ,te/am5t s*ol>s1 "o be+ a def5ce ( ! ,johann9e au?or%ip ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel4 ,he succe$$ ,m>t9eau z ,pr9cipal ( ,man*e/] ,college4 ,8 volume4 ,/udies ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 is ! mo/ important /atem5t ( ! ,unit>ian view publi%$ 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,z "t w5t on1 x fell to ,m>t9eau & o!r lead+ ,unit>ians to take up a def5sive attitude aga9/ ! extreme =ces ( negation4 ,9 p>ticul>1 he came to be recogniz$ z a *ampion ( !ism aga9/ mat]iali/ evolution4 ,f\r volumes ( ',essays' conta9 "s ( 8 acute/ writ+s on ! subject4 ,an address pres5t$ to him on 8 eighty-?ird bir?day celebrat$ 8 em95ce 9 ?is & o!r ways2 x bore ! signatures ( six hundr$ & fifty ( ! mo/ brilliant ( 8 contempor>ies1 at _! head be+ ,t5nyson & ,br[n+4 ,all ?is /r5u\s progress1 h[ev]1 0 = ,m>t9eau dogg$ by a %ad[ ( peculi> disappo9tm5t4 ,9 y\? he 0 z ard5t a ',unit>ian' z any2 b1 ab\t ! "t ( ! ,diss5t]s' ,*apels ,act 7#ahdd71 he & ,tayl] & "s o!rs felt increas+ dissatisfaction ) ! t5d5cy ( ! m active ,unit>ians to deg5]ate into a sect4 ,z we h se51 ! same div]g5ce ( feel+ arose 9 ,am]ica1 & ,*ann+ always /rove to keep ,unit>ianism !re f succumb+ to d5om9ationalism4 ,! ard\r ( ^? especially :o _h newly esp\s$ ! ,unit>ian view & f\nd x preci\s to !mselves may be easily und]/ood1 & !y might be =giv5 "s impati5ce ) ! app>5t apa?y ( ^? :o _h no great desire to multiply proselytes4 ,"s ( ^! eag] spirits /rove to rescue ! body f :at !y evid5tly reg>d$ z a p>alys+ indef9it5ess4 ,f "t to "t x 0 argu$ t ,unit>ianism mu/ be 'def9$' au?oritatively2 !n1 & !n only1 might a triumphant progress be secur$4 ,mix$ ) su* notions 0 app>5tly a desire to keep ! imprud5t & 'advanc$' m5 f go+ 'too f>4' ,9 "o =m or o!r ?is opposition has p]si/$ till ! pres5t2 b its acrimony has s5sibly less5$ z1 on ! "o h&1 ! 'd5om9ational' work]s h m fully accept$ ! pr9ciple ( unfett]$ inquiry1 & on ! o!r1 ! lessons ( exp]i5ce h %[n t1 h[ev] eag] ! ,unit>ians may be = ! wide/ possible religi\s fell[%ip1 !y are1 9 fact1 /eadily left to !mselves by mo/ ( ! o!r religi\s bodies1 especially 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,m>t9eau himself ab\t =ty ye>s ago tri$ to =m1 along ) ,tayl]1 a ',free ,*ri/ian ,union' :i* %\ld ignore dogmatic consid]ations2 b ,tayl] di$1 & s little enc\ragem5t 0 met ) outside ! ,unit>ian circle t ! ?+ dropp$ aft] two ye>s4 ,ne>ly tw5ty ye>s lat]1 at ! ,tri5nial ,conf]5ce 7held 9 #ahhh at ,le$s71 a rem>kable address 0 giv5 by ! n[ v5]able 'lead]' 7:om1 z he m\rnfully said1 no "o w\ld foll[71 9 fav\r ( sett+ up aga9 an ,engli% ,presbyt]ian sy/em :i* %\ld swall[ up all ! _m designations & v>ieties ( association hi!rto prevail+ among ,unit>ians4 ,! proposal 0 consid]$ impracticable1 & ! dream ( a ',ca?olicity' :i* %\ld embrace all :o esp\s$ ! free religi\s position1 :atev] _! doctr9es1 seem$ f>!r ?an ev] f fulfilm5t4 ,9 lat] ye>s ! idea has1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ to be moot$1 & "s ,unit>ians hope /ill to see ! developm5t ( a ',free ,ca?olicism' 9 :i* ! traditional di/9ction betwe5 ,unit>ian & ,tr9it>ian w be lo/4 ,mean:ile1 z has be5 said1 ! ext5sion ( ,unit>ian wor%ip & ! diffusion ( lit]ature goes on ) a fair am\nt ( success4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ?anks l>gely to ! sagaci\s toil ( a rem>kable organiz]1 ,dr4 ,h4,w4 ,bell[s 7#ahad-hb71 ! ,unit>ian ,association has prov$ a /rong & effective in/rum5t = ?is purpose1 & ! ,briti% ,association1 ^: headqu>t]s are n[ 9 ! build+ :]e ,l9dsey op5$ ! fir/ ,unit>ian ,*ur* 9 #aggd1 has also ?riv5 consid]ably 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,x is said t ! rate ( gr[? 9 ! numb] ( congregations 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom has be5 ab\t #cc p] c5t dur+ ! pa/ half-c5tury2 9 ,am]ica ! rate is some:at high]4 ,,iii4 ,,me?ods ,,& ,,tea*+s ,x w n be surpris+ to ! read] to le>n t a religi\s body hav+ su* a pa/ & be+ s v>i\sly recruit$ to-day is f> f /]eotyp$ 9 me?od4 ,at ! same "t !re is practical agreem5t on ! ma9 l9es ( doctr9e4 ,9 wor%ip diff]5t =ms are us$4 ,_m *ur*es h liturgies1 adopt$ at discretion & usually supplem5t$ by free pray]4 ,9 o!rs ! free s]vice alone is pref]r$4 ,lessons are *iefly tak5 f ! ,bible1 b selections are sometimes read f o!r devotional lit]ature4 ,sev]al hymnals h wide acceptance2 a few are peculi> to s+le congregations4 ,! l>ge majority ( s]mons are read1 ?\gh extempore address is n[ less infrequ5t ?an =m]ly4 ',sacram5ts' are n consid]$ indisp5sable1 b ! ,"l's ,supp] is reta9$ 9 _m cases & is reg>d$ z a memorial4 ,! baptism 7or 'd$ication'7 ( infants is also practis$4 ,m9i/]ial ord9ation is n consid]$ z imp>t+ sup]natural gifts1 b z a solemnity m>k+ ! entrance ( ! accr$it$ p]son into full recognition & (fice4 ,! congregation makes its own *oice ( a m9i/]1 ?\gh 9 case ( its dep5d5ce ^u outside f9ancial assi/ance ! advice ( ! manag]s ( ! ,fund may be (f]$4 ,! support ( ! *ur*es & ,sunday-s*ools1 etc41 is g5]ally by volunt>y contributions2 end[m5ts exi/ 9 "s in/ances4 ,*ur* memb]%ip is usually grant$ )\t insi/5ce ^u any religi\s decl>ation4 ,new build+s are inv>iably associat$ ) ! 'op5 tru/' pr9ciple1 ! way be+ ?us left op5 = su* *anges 9 wor%ip & op9ion z may h]eaft] seem "r4 ,"s *ur*es decl9e to be kn[n z ',unit>ian1' & :]e t "n is adopt$ x is usual to f9d ) x ! explanation t ?is does n pl$ge or limit future developm5t or b> ! wide/ religi\s sympa?y 9 ! pres5t4 ,ref]5ce has be5 made to ,sunday-s*ools4 ,9 ?is field ,unit>ians h always be5 pione]s1 & _! aims h usually be5 to promote culture )\t sect>ian zeal4 ,_m l>ge s*ools cont9ue1 z 9 ! pa/1 to =m c5tres ( education ( ! wide/ type1 n only to *ildr5 b adults4 ,mu* int]e/ is tak5 9 social amelioration2 "s obs]v]s h ass]t$ t ?is int]e/ is m vivid 9 _m qu>t]s ?an any 9 matt]s !ological or philosophical4 ,/atem5ts ( ! tea*+s usually accept$ 9 ! *ur*es are num]\s4 ,"o "h quot$ w fairly repres5t ! g5]al type4 ,x 0 drawn up by ,ri*>d ,acl& ,arm/rong 7#ahdc-aije71 an eag] social re=m]1 a p[]ful prea*] & au?or1 & memorable especially z a popul>iz] ( ,m>t9eau's religi\s philosophy4 ,( c\rse1 f :at has be5 already said1 su* a /atem5t is n reg>d$ z an au?oritative cre$1 b simply takes its place z "o out ( _m summ>ies = popul> diffusion4 ',unit>ian ,*ri/ianity tea*es t ,god is our ,fa!r1 full ( love = all ( u4 ,x le>ns f ,jesus t ! ,fa!r li/5s to our pray]s & wat*es ov] u ) ev5 m t5d] c>e ?an ov] ! lilies ( ! field & ! birds ( ! air4 ',x le>ns f ,jesus too1 t h[ev] important x may be to h correct views conc]n+ religi\s matt]s1 x is mu* m important to love ,god ) all our he>t & m9d & s\l & /r5g?1 & our neighb\r z ourselves4 ,= he says t ^! are ! fir/ two comm&m5ts1 & t !re is no o!r :atev] t is great] ?an ^!4 ',x le>ns f ,jesus1 also1 t ! way to ent] ! k+dom ( ,heav5 is1 n m]ely to hold a correct !ology or to receive any outw>d sacram5ts1 b to be conv]t$ & become z little *ildr5--simple-he>t$1 lov+1 pure4 ',unit>ian ,*ri/ianity tea*es t ,god our ,fa!r claims u all z *ildr51 & t :5 ,jesus speaks ( himself z ,god's ,son1 he means u all to rememb] t we are ,god's *ildr5 too1 ?\gh unhappily we h /a9$ our son%ip & daught]hood ) _m unwor?y ?\ghts & de$s4 ',unit>ian ,*ri/ianity loves ! ,p>able ( ! ,prodigal ,son1 because x %[s s cle>ly & s beautifully ! love & =giv5ess ( ,god1 & ) :at t5d] pity he looks on u :5 we h s9n$4 ',unit>ian ,*ri/ianity believes t ,god speaks to 8 *ildr5 n[ z truly z he did to ! ,prophets ( old & to ,jesus ,*ri/1 com=t+1 /r5g!n+1 enlight5+ !m4 ,consci5ce itself is 8 holy voice4 ',unit>ian ,*ri/ianity sees 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ a supremely beautiful life & "*1 a m>vell\s inspiration = u all1 an ideal aft] :i* we may /rive2 & x loves to ?9k ( him z our ,eld] ,bro!r1 ( ! same nature z ourselves4 ',unit>ian ,*ri/ianity does n believe t ,god w plunge any ( 8 *ildr5 into ev]la/+ woe4 ,su* a ?\ght ( ,god is a contradiction ( 8 ,fa!rhood4 ,he is lead+ u all1 by diff]5t ways1 t[>ds ! pure & holy life = :i* he br\ght u into be+4' ,along ) ?is may be tak5 ! decl>ation adopt$1 z a result ( some:at protract$ discussions1 at ! ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,unit>ians 9 ,am]ica1 #ahid2 x w\ld probably be accept$ 9 all simil> assemblies4 ',^! *ur*es accept ! religion ( ,jesus1 hold+ 9 accordance ) 8 tea*+ t practical religion is summ$ up 9 love to ,god1 & love to man2 & we invite to our fell[%ip any :o1 :ile diff]+ f u 9 belief1 are 9 g5]al sympa?y ) our _s & our practical aims4' ,,unit>ians ,,& ,,o!r ,,religi\s ,,lib]als ,! broadly sympa!tic _s :i* has be5 obs]v$ at "w 9 ! =ego+ /ory has l$ to int]e/+ relation%ips betwe5 ,unit>ians & "s o!r religi\s bodies4 ,! ,univ]sali/s1 :o are /ronge/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 are cordially frat]nal ) !m2 & a l>ge proportion ( ! ',*ri/ians'--a non-dogmatic body--are equally close 9 sympa?y4 ,! ,hicksite ,fri5ds1 nam$ aft] ,elias ,hicks1 :o e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury av[$ ,anti-tr9it>ian views1 & "s o!r religi\s bodies less conspicu\s are m or less directly includ$ 9 ! ,unit>ian =ces1 ?\gh n organically 9 union4 ,) ! ,fr5* ,lib]al ,prote/ants !re has be5 w>m co-op]ation = _m ye>s1 & ! same is true ( ,dut*1 ,g]man1 & ,swiss re=m]s4 ,s9ce ! visit ( ,rammohun ,roy1 ! ,indian re=m]1 9 #ahcc1 ! ,engli% 9 p>ticul> h develop$ k9dly relations ) ! ,indian !i/ movem5t1 & /ud5ts f ,india & ,japan are regul>ly educat$ at ,ox=d = ! m9i/ry ( free religion 9 _! own c\ntries4 ,x is 9 ?is way1 m ?an by ! ord9>y types ( mission>y activity1 t ,unit>ians h hi!rto attempt$ to influ5ce ! non-,*ri/ian races4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s !re h be5 held int]national congresses promot$ by ! ,unit>ians ( ,great ,brita91 ,am]ica1 & ,transylvania1 & att5d$ by repres5tatives ( ! v>i\s sections j nam$ z well z by o!rs f ! or?odox *ur*es1 includ+ ,anglican & ,romani/1 :o v5ture to brave ! au?orities ?us f>4 ,proposals h already be5 made = a _w-wide union ( ,religi\s ,lib]als1 9 view ( ! rem>kable success ( ^! great congresses2 b ! circum/ances ( ! diff]5t gr\ps1 especially 9 ,g]many & ,holl&1 seem to =bid expectation ( su* a developm5t )9 any ne> p]iod4 ,on ! :ole1 ,unit>ians appe> to be enc\rag$ by ! signs ( ! times1 & to d _! %>e ( religi\s culture & b5evol5t "w :ile cultivat+ ! fri5d%ip ( ',mod]ni/s' ( all k9ds1 ,*ri/ian1 ,jewi%1 ,moslem1 & ,h9doo4 ,,*ronology #aecf-afab4 ,_m trials & executions = d5y+ ! ,tr9ity2 notably ,s]vetus 7#aeec72 f\r ,ea/ ,anglians1 #aegi-hi2 ,legate & ,wightman1 #afab4 #aefh4 ,francis ,david f\nds ! ,unit>ian ,*ur* 9 ,hung>y4 #aegh-afjd4 ,fau/us ,soc9us active 9 ,pol&4 #aeie4 ,! ,racovian ,cate*ism4 ,o!r ,soc9ian works foll[4 #afdj4 ,canon aga9/ ,soc9ian books 9 ,engl&4 #afdd-fb4 ,john ,bidle's c>e]4 #afdf & onw>d4 ,anti-tr9it>ians among ,bapti/s1 ,indep5d5ts1 ,fri5ds1 etc4 ,books aga9/ ',soc9ianism4' #affb4 ,act ( ,uni=mity--ejection ( ,noncon=mi/s4 #afgd4 ,milton d41 leav+ 8 ,treatise ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e 9 ,,ms42 discov]$ #ahbc & publi%$4 #afhg4 ,/eph5 ,nye's ,brief ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit>ians1 etc4 #afhi4 ,tol]ation ,act--,unit>ians exclud$4 #afhi-ig4 ,! ',unit>ian ,controv]sy4' ,be+ suppress$1 ',arianism' develop$ among cl]gy1 ',deism' among o!r writ]s4 #afij4 ,presbyt]ian ,academy 7n[ ,college1 ,c>m>!n7 f\nd$4 #afie4 ,locke's ,reasonabl5ess ( ,*ri/ianity4 #agjj4 ,g5]al ,bapti/ ,assembly accept ,anti-tr9it>ian memb]%ip4 #agjc4 ,?omas ,emlyn imprison$ = d5y+ ! ,tr9ity4 #agai4 ',non-subscription' vote at ,salt]'s ,hall1 ,london4 #agdj4 ,arianism diffus$2 ,humanit>ianism incipi5t4 #agdb4 ,! ',great ,awak5+' revival 9 ,new ,engl&1 foll[$ by a ,lib]al reaction4 #agee-ahjd4 ,joseph ,prie/ley's c>e]4 #aggd4 ,!ophilus ,l9dsey's ,unit>ian ,*apel1 ,london4 #aghf4 ,man*e/] ,academy 7n[ ,college1 ,ox=d7 f\nd$4 #agij4 ,unit>ian propag&a active 9 ,engl&4 #ahjh4 ,controv]sy 9 ,new ,engl& ,congregationalism4 #ahac4 ,tol]ation ,act ext5d$ to ,unit>ians4 #ahag4 ,proce$+s begun aga9/ ,unit>ians 9 respect ( inh]it$ ,*apels1 etc4 #ahah4 ,! ',d$ham ,case1' ,massa*usetts4 #ahai4 ,dr4 ,*ann+'s ',baltimore ,s]mon4' #ahbe4 ,f\nd+ ( ,associations 9 ,great ,brita9 & ,u4,s4,a4 #ahcf4 ,m>t9eau's ,rationale4 #ahch4 ,em]son's ,div9ity ,s*ool ,address4 #ahdb4 ,!odore ,p>k]'s ,disc\rse4 #ahdd4 ,diss5t]s' ,*apels ,act4 #ahdg4 ,hibb]t ,tru/ f\nd$4 #ahed4 ,unit>ian ,home ,mission>y ,bo>d 7n[ ,college1 ,man*e/]7 f\nd$4 #ahhb4 ,national ,tri5nial ,conf]5ces begun4 #ahij4 ,m>t9eau's ,seat ( ,au?ority4 #aijj4 ,int]national ,congresses f\nd$4 ,,au?orities ,r4 ,,wallace4 ,anti-tr9it>ian ,biography1 #c vols41 ,lond41 #ahej4 ,a4 ,,gordon4 ,heads ( ,engli% ,unit>ian ,hi/ory1 #a vol41 ,lond41 #ahie4 ,j4,h4 ,,all54 ,unit>ianism s9ce ! ,re=mation1 #a vol41 ,new ,york1 #ahid4 ,j4,j4 ,,tayl]4 ,retrospect ( ! ,religi\s ,life ( ,engl&1 #a vol41 ,lond4 7#crd ,ed471 #ahgf4 ,w4,g4 ,,t>rant4 ,/ory & ,significance ( ! ,unit>ian ,movem5t1 #a vol41 ,lond41 #aiaj4 7,gives m detail$ ref]5ces47 ,= /ati/ics & special *>act]i/ics ( ! v>i\s ,lib]al ,religi\s bodies 9 g5]al accord ) ,unit>ians see ! foll[+ records ( ! ,int]national ,congresses3-- ,lib]al ,religi\s ,?\ght at ! ,beg9n+ ( ! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury4 ,ed4 by ,w4 ,,copel& ,,b[ie1 ,lond41 #aija4 ,religion & ,lib]ty4 ,ed4 by ,p4,h4 ,,hug5holtz1 jun41 ,leyd51 #aijd4 ,actes du ,,iii'me ,congrs ,int]national du ,*ri/ianisme ,libral et ,progressif4 ,ed4 by ,e4 ,,montet1 ,g5eva1 #aijf4 ,fre$om & ,fell[%ip 9 ,religion4 ,ed4 by ,c4,w4 ,,w5dte1 ,bo/on1 #aijg4 ,fif? ,int]national ,congress ( ,free ,*ri/ianity & ,religi\s ,progress4 ,ed4 by ,,w5dte & ,,davis1 ,b]l9 7& ,london71 #aiaa4