,greek in a ,nutshell1 ,an ,outline of ,,greek ,,grammar with ,,brief ,,reading ,,lessons2 ,designed for ,beginners in the ,new ,testament4 ,,by ,,james ,,strong1 ,s4,t4,d41 ,professor of ,exegetical ,theology in ,drew ,theological ,seminary ,,new ,,york3 ,,eaton ,,mains ,,cincinnati3 ,,jennings ,,graham ,entered according to ,act of ,congress1 in the year #ahgf1 by ,,nelson ,,phillips1 ,in the ,office of the ,librarian of ,congress at ,washington4 ,,preface4 ,this little ,manual was originally prepared for the ,,normal ,,class1 at the request of the editor of that ,journal1 and was at the same time expected to form an instruction book at the ,sunday-,school ,assembly annually held at ,chautauqua4 ,this accounts for its form in twelve series of two pages each4 ,the reading lessons1 however1 have been made sufficiently full for subsequent study4 ,of course the simplest elements only of the ,greek language can be comprised in such narrow limits2 nor can a full vocabulary or ready facility be acquired in so short a course4 ,nevertheless1 a good beginning may be made1 and that is half the battle in any enterprise4 ,it is believed that a thorough mastery of this small volume will prove a conquest over all the real difficulties of the original tongue of the ,new ,testament4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,lesson ,i4 ,,reading #a4 ,,the ,,alphabet4 ,form4 ,name4 ,sound4 ,a ,al'pha a in man1 arm4#a ,be'ta b ,gam'ma g in go1 king4#b ,del'ta d ,ep'silon e in met4 ,ze'ta dz in adze4 ,e'ta e in they4 or ,the'ta th in thin4 ,io'ta i in tin1 machine#c or ,kap'pa k ,lamb'da l ,mu m ,nu n ,xi x ,om'icron in not4 ,pi p ,rho r 1 final ,sig'ma s in this4 ,tau t in it4 ,u'psilon u in full4 ,phi f ,khi kh 7,german ch47 ,psi ps ,o'mega in no4 #b4 ,notes on the ,alphabet4 #a4 sounds broad1 like a in arm1 at the end of a word1 and before final or followed by a different consonant4 #b4 has the nasal sound1 like ng in king1 before 1 1 1 or 4 #c4 has its long sound1 like i in machine1 at the end of a syllable4 ,every letter is sounded1 and1 with the above exceptions1 invariably the same4 #b4 ,,accent4 #c4 ,each word1 except a very few monosyllables1 has one of the following accents written over a vowel in it1 which marks the place of the spoken tone4 ,a few small words1 called enclitics1 generally throw their accent1 as an acute1 on the last syllable of the preceding word4 #d4 ,the acute 7'71 which is the foundation of all the accents1 stands on one of the last three syllables4 ,in verbs1 with the exception of certain forms1 it stands as far toward the beginning of the word as the rules below allow4 ,in other parts of speech it stands on the same syllable as in the ground-form1 7that given in the lexicon17 except as required by these rules4 ,when the last syllable has a long vowel or diphthong it stands on the syllable before the last4 #e4 ,the grave accent 77 is only written in place of the acute on the last syllable when not before a pause1 or when unemphatic4 ,it is understood to belong to all other syllables4 #f4 ,the circumflex 77 is placed on a syllable formed by the combination of two1 the first of which had an acute and the second a grave2 hence only on the last1 or next to the last syllable1 and only on a long vowel or a diphthong4 ,when the last syllable has a short vowel1 such a penult1 if accented1 takes the circumflex4 #c4 ,,breathings1 ,,vowels1 ,,diphthongs1 ,,etc4 #g4 ,a vowel beginning a word takes either the rough breathing1 771 which is pronounced like h1 or else1 to show the absence of that1 the smooth breathing1 771 which has no appreciable sound4 ,initial and always take the rough breathing2 and double in the middle of a word takes the smooth breathing on the first1 and the rough on the second4 #h4 ,the vowels are short1 7 and 17 long1 7 and 17 or doubtful1 71 1 and 17 which last1 although naturally short1 are sometimes lengthened by derivation4 #i4 ,the diphthongs are as follows3-- ,proper4 ,with ,iota ,subscript4 ,improper4 sounds ay and i and oy we ow yu oo #aj4 ,in diphthongs the breathing and accent are written over the second vowel4 ,a capital 7initial7 letter in other cases takes them before it4 #aa4 ,the punctuation marks are the comma1 7171 the semicolon1 771 the period1 7471 and the interrogation point1 774 ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,,euphonic ,,changes4 #ab4 ,when two consonants come together the first is made homogeneous with the second1 as follows3-- #ac4 ,mutes of a different class must have the same degree of hardness according to the following classification3-- ,smooth4 ,middle4 ,rough4 ,sibilant 7with s47 ,kappa-mutes4 ,pi-mutes ,tau-mutes #ad4 ,a smooth final mute is roughened before a vowel with the rough breathing4 ,a rough mute is not doubled1 nor can successive syllables begin with an aspirate4 ,a tau-mute is sometimes dropped before 1 and always before 2 before a different tau-mute it is changed into 4 #ae4 ,before a kappa-mute is changed into 1 a pi-mute into 1 and a tau-mute into 4 #af4 before a kappa-mute becomes 1 before a pi-mute 1 before a liquid 71 1 1 or 7 it is changed into the same liquid1 before or it is dropped4 #ag4 is appended to certain endings in or before a pause or a vowel4 #ah4 ,there are several other less important rules1 and some exceptions to most of the above4 #ai4 ,a long vowel or diphthong is used as an equivalent for two 7usually short7 vowels in immediate succession1 or as a compensation for the omission of a consonant1 sometimes for both4 #bj4 ,the changes in the union of two vowels are various1 depending upon their comparative strength1 position1 and relation to the long vowels1 or diphthongs respectively4 ,they are readily learned by practice4 #ba4 ,compensation is not always thus made for the omission of a consonant4 ,sometimes the omission occurs too far back in the derivation to be easily traced4 #bb4 ,a final vowel is sometimes elided before another vowel1 and its place indicated by the apostrophe1 7'74 #bc4 ,there are several dialects1 which chiefly affect the vowels1 7like provincial pronunciation27 but in later ,greek 7to which the ,new ,testament belongs7 they were merged in the common dialect1 the ,attic pre-dominating4 ,,nouns4 ,nouns are of three declensions1 three genders1 three numbers1 and five cases1 all indicated by changes of termination4 #bd4 ,the declensions 7numbered #a1 #b1 and #c7 are only different modes of inflection4 #be4 ,names and designations of males1 nations1 the months1 rivers1 and winds1 are almost invariably masculine2 those of females1 countries1 islands1 cities1 trees1 and plants1 are usually feminine2 of the neuter gender are most names of fruits and diminutives1 and always the names of the letters1 infinitives1 clauses1 indeclinable words1 and words used as the symbol of a sound4 ,in the third declension especially the 7grammatical7 gender in many instances is arbitrary4 #bf4 ,the singular and plural are used as in ,english4 ,the dual denotes two or a pair2 it is comparatively rare1 and never occurs in the ,new ,testament4 #bg4 ,the cases express the relations of words to each other in a sentence1 as follows3-- ,name4 ,use4 ,equivalent4 ,nominative4 ,subject of a finite verb4 7,simple form47 ,genitive4 ,origin or ownership4 ,from1 of1 etc4 ,dative4 ,position or manner4 ,in1 by1 for1 to1 etc4 ,accusative4 ,direction or object4 ,toward1 into1 etc4 ,vocative4 ,address4 ,o6 #bh4 ,the following are the terminations of the ,first ,declension3-- ,singular4 ,cases4 ,plural4 ,masc4 ,fem4 ,masc4 and ,fem4 or or ,nominative4 or ,genitive4 or ,dative4 or ,accusative4 or ,vocative4 ,dual4 ,nom41 ,acc41 ,voc41 2 ,gen41 ,dat41 4 #bi4 ,the in the terminations of the singular is mostly used when 1 1or precedes it2 and in the ,nom41 ,acc41 and ,voc4 when or 1 and frequently when 1 precedes it4 ,a few nouns have in the ,gen4 sing4 ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,,nouns--,continued4 #cj4 ,the following are the terminations of the ,second ,declension3-- ,singular4 ,cases4 ,plural4 ,masc4 ,neut4 ,masc4 ,neut4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 ,dative4 ,accusative4 ,vocative4 ,dual4 ,nom41 ,acc41 ,voc41 2 ,gen41 ,dat41 4 #ca4 ,the few fem4 nouns of this declension take the masc4 terminations4 ,the ,voc4 masc4 sing4 is occasionally 4 #cb4 ,the following are the terminations of the ,third ,declension3-- ,singular4 ,cases4 ,plural4 ,masc4 and ,fem4 ,neut4 ,masc4 and ,fem4 ,neut4 7or long vowel 7naked stem47 ,nominative4 before final letter47 ,genitive4 ,dative4 77 or 7naked stem47 ,accusative4 7like ,nom4 or ,neut47 7naked stem47 ,vocative4 ,dual4 ,nom41 ,acc41 ,voc41 2 ,gen41 ,dat41 4 #cc4 ,the ,nom4 sing4 is so often changed by the euphonic rules that the stem of the noun is best seen in the ,gen4 ,nouns in 1 1 and take the 7,attic7 ,gen4 1 7 regarded as short47 ,the of the ,acc4 sing4 is usually after a consonant4 ,many irregularities and some anomalies occur1 which may generally be learned from the lexicon4 ,,adjectives4 #cd4 ,these are declined like nouns1 having sometimes three sets of terminations for the respective genders1 sometimes two1 7masc4 and fem4 alike17 rarely but one1 7all genders alike47 ,the masc4 and neut4 are always of the same declension1 7second or third17 and the fem41 when different1 always of the first4 ,participles are declined like adjectives4 #ce4 ,adjectives are compared either by using an adverb expressive of degree1 or1 more regularly1 by adding to the stem of the positive the syllables or for the comparative1 and or for the superlative4 ,some euphonic changes occur in making these additions1 which then take the regular declensional endings4 ,,numerals4 #cf4 ,the cardinal numbers are either simple1 7the units1 tens1 and a few others17 or compound1 7intermediate numbers47 ,those from one to four inclusive1 and the hundreds and thousands1 are declined like adjectives4 ,they may all be learned from the lexicon4 #cg4 ,the ordinals are mostly formed from the cardinals by adjective endings4 ,,pronouns4 #ch4 ,of the personal pronouns1 those of the #ast and #b;d persons only are specially noteworthy1 being declined as nouns irregularly3-- ,i or ,me4 ,we or ,us4 ,thou or ,thee4 ,ye or ,you4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 77 ,dative4 77 ,accusative4 77 #ci4 ,the rest are declined as adjectives--masc4 1 fem1 1 neut4 2 often compounded1 one or both parts being declined2 but1 with the exception of 1 7interrogative 1 indefinite 17 neut4 1 ,gen4 1 of the third declension1 the article 7definite only7 and the demonstrative alone are very peculiar in declension1 as follows3-- ,singular4 ,the4 ,plural4 ,masc4 ,neut4 ,fem4 ,masc4 ,neut4 ,fem4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 ,dative4 ,accusative4 - ,dual4 ,nom41 ,acc41 ,voc41 1 2 ,gen41 ,dat41 1 4 ,singular4 ,this1 ,these4 ,plural4 ,masc4 ,neut4 ,fem4 ,masc4 ,neut4 ,fem4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 - ,dative4 ,accusative4 ,dual4 ,nom41 ,acc41 ,voc41 1 2 ,gen41 ,dat41 1 ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,,verbs4 #dj4 ,there are three ,,voices1 ,active1 ,middle1 and ,passive1 generally distinguished by the termination4 ,the ,middle is properly reflexive4 ,some of its tenses have an active meaning4 ,a few verbs1 called deponent1 are throughout pass4 in form1 but act4 or mid4 in meaning4 #da4 ,there are five ,,moods in each voice1 the ,indicative1 ,imperative1 ,subjunctive1 ,optative1 and ,infinitive1 to which may be added the ,participles2 they are mostly known by means of the union-vowel--that which immediately precedes the termination4 #db4 ,the ,indic41 ,imper41 ,infin41 and ,participles correspond to the ,english1 and have a short union-vowel1 71 1 or 17 except the ,perf4 and ,pluperf4 pass41 which have no union-vowel2 the ,pluperf4 act4 and mid41 which have 2 and the ,aorists pass41 which have or its equivalent4 #dc4 ,the ,imper4 has but two persons4 #b;d and #c;d4 ,the ,infin4 has but one termination for all numbers and persons1 and is very often used as a neut4 noun1 with the article1 etc41 yet retaining its construction as a verb4 #dd4 ,the ,subj4 and ,opt4 are used in certain dependent relations1 like the ,english subjunctive and potential2 the former has a long union-vowel1 7 or 17 and the latter a diphthong1 71 1 or 47 ,the former generally represents an act as contingent upon outward circumstances1 and the latter upon a will4 #de4 ,the ,,tenses are nine1 the ,present1 ,imperfect1 ,perfect1 ,pluperfect1 two ,aorists1 7#ast and #b;d1 equivalent in sense17 and three ,futures1 7#ast and #b;d1 equivalent to each other1 and #c;d1 very rarely used27 they are distinguished by certain letters prefixed1 inserted1 or added to the stem or root of the verb4 ,they represent time as compared with the present1 and never date from that of a preceding verb4 #df4 ,the ,pres41 ,perf41 ,pluperf41 and ,fut4 answer very nearly to the same tenses in ,english4 #dg4 ,the ,imperf4 denotes an act as going on1 but incomplete or habitual at some time past3 was doing1 etc4 #dh4 ,the ,aorists indicate a single act at a definite time1 7past in the ,indic41 but undetermined in the others moods47 #di4 ,all the tenses with respect to form may be classed thus3-- ,i4 ,primary1 or ,absolute4 ,present4 ,perfect4 ,futures4 ,,ii4 ,secondary1 or ,historical4 ,imperfect4 ,pluperfect4 ,aorists4 ,these classes usually have the following endings respectively3-- ,active ,form4 ,persons4 ,middle and ,passive4 ,i4 ,,ii4 ,i4 ,,ii4 ,pres4 and ,fut4 ,perf4 ,opt4 ,sing4 - #ast #b;d 77 - #c;d ,plur4 #ast #b;d 77 77 77 #c;d #b;d1 1 #c;d1 4 ,dual4 #ast1 1 #b;d1 1 #c;d1 4 ,notes on the ,table of ,verb ,endings4 #ej4 ,in the ,pres4 and ,fut4 the of the #ast sing4 act4 is contracted 7with the union-vowel7 into 1 and the of the #b;d sing4 pass4 into or 4 #ea4 ,signification limits the primary terminations to the ,indic4 and ,subj41 and the secondary to the ,indic4 and ,opt43 likewise the ,imperf4 and ,pluperf4 to the ,indic41 and the ,imper4 to the ,pres41 the ,aorists and 7rarely7 the ,perf4 #eb4 ,the active terminations are assumed throughout by the ,perf4 and ,pluperf4 mid41 and the ,aorists pass4 #ec4 ,the terminations of the ,imper4 are analogous to the secondary in the act41 and in the mid4 and pass4 they are merely the same strengthened1 thus3 ,sing4 #b;d1--,aor4 pass1 1 #ast ,aor4 act4 77ov 7pass4 #ast ,aor4 mid4 or 72 #c;d1 7pass4 17 ,plur4 #b;d1 7pass4 72 #c;d1 or contr4 7pass1 4 ,dual4 #b;d1 772 #c;d1 717 #ed4 ,the ,infin4 in the act4 forms ends in 1 contr41 with union-vowel into 7,pres41 ,fut41 and #b;d ,aor417 1 7#ast ,aor417 or 1 7,perf4 act4 and mid4 and both ,aor4 pass427 elsewhere in 4 #ee4 ,in the ,participles the stem ends in in the act4 forms1 7except the ,perf4 act4 and mid41 which have 27 the rest take 1 7,perf4 pass1 47 ,these latter are masc4 and neut4 of the second declension1 the others of the third4 #ef4 ,verbs in insert before the final of the #c;d pers4 sing4 ,pres4 ,indic4 act41 and vary in a few other terminations1 chiefly by contraction4 ,,lesson ,v4 ,,verbs--,continued4 #eg4 ,the root of every primitive verb is a monosyllable1 consisting of a short vowel 71 1 1 1 or 7 between two 7usually simple7 consonants4 ,sometimes one or the other of the latter has been dropped far back in the etymology4 ,this root is most readily found in the #ast ,fut41 subject only to euphonic changes4 ,the #b;d ,aor4 always has a monosyllabic root1 with a single vowel never long2 but this may be somewhat different from the true root4 ,primitive verbs only have a #b;d ,aor4 #eh4 ,the ,pres4 and ,imperf4 commonly strengthen the root1 either by adding a hard consonant1 7sometimes more than one17 or 7oftener7 by changing the root vowel into the corresponding long one or diphthong4 #ei4 ,the following tenses add certain characteristic letters to the root3-- #ast ,fut4 and #ast ,aor4 act4 and mid41 7of verbs not liquid17 and #c;d ,fut4 #ast ,aor4 pass4 #ast ,fut4 pass4 #b;d ,fut4 pass4 #b;d 7in liquid verbs #ast7 ,fut4 act4 and mid4 ,perf4 and ,pluperf4 ,act4 of pure and liquid verbs ,perf4 and pluperf4 act4 ending in a pi- or kappa-mute 77 #fj4 ,tenses expressing past time 7,imperf4 and ,aorists ,indic47 prefix 7syllabic augment7 to the root2 this coalesces with an initial vowel 7temporal augment7 into the corresponding long vowel or diphthong4 ,the ,perf41 ,pluperf41 and #c;d ,fut4 not only do the same throughout the moods1 but also prefix to the syllabic augment the initial consonant of the root 7reduplication7 when this is a simple consonant or a mute followed by a liquid4 ,the ,pluperf4 prefixes a second syllabic augment to the reduplication4 #fa4 ,initial 1 7which is doubled after the syllabic augment17 1 1 and 1 do not1 except in a few cases1 allow the reduplication4 ,verbs compounded with a preposition generally take the augment1 etc41 between it and the primitive4 ,a few other irregularities occur4 #fb4 ,verbs are classified in conjugation according to the radical letter following the root vowel1 or diphthong1 in the #ast pers4 sing4 ,pres4 ,indic4 act41 lexicon form3 in liquid verbs 7not derivatives in 1 which is merely strengthened for 7 this is a liquid2 in pure verbs it is absent1 so that the root appears to end in a vowel1 etc4 ,very many verbs seem to be anomalous in some of their forms in consequence of deriving these from an obsolete kindred root4 ,the lexicon gives most of these peculiarities4 #fc4 ,liquid verbs almost always strengthen their root in the ,pres4 and ,imperf42 they lengthen it in the #ast ,aor4 act4 and mid4 by changing the root vowel1 if into 1 if into 1 while and merely become long4 as a root vowel is generally changed into in the #ast ,aor4 and #ast ,fut4 pass41 the ,perf4 and ,pluperf4 act4 and pass41 and the #b;d ,aor4 and #b;d ,fut4 throughout1 and again into in the ,perf4 and ,pluperf4 mid4 #fd4 ,the above strengthening in the ,pres4 and ,imperf4 consists in doubling 1 annexing to 2 or1 in case of or 1 in adding to a preceding or 1 or lengthening or 4 ,the radical is often dropped in ,perf4 and ,pluperf4 #fe4 ,verbs with followed by a pi- or kappa-mute in the root frequently neglect to strengthen it in the ,pres4 and ,imperf42 and verbs with in the root preceded by a liquid1 usually change it into and in the same tenses as liquid verbs1 except in the #ast ,aor4 and ,fut4 pass4 #ff4 ,pure verbs lengthen the root vowel before a tense characteristic1 also in the ,perf4 and ,pluperf4 pass4 ,a few occasionally neglect this1 and some insert instead4 #fg4 ,verbs in 7lexicon form instead of 7 are but another mode of conjugating pure verbs 7being the only primitives of that class whose root ends in 1 1 or o7 in the ,pres41 ,imperf41 and #b;d ,aor42 in all which tenses the union-vowel coalesces with the root vowel4 ,they have a peculiar inflection1 chiefly by reason of the ,imperf4 and #b;d ,aor4 act4 taking throughout the terminations of the ,aorists pass4 ,the ,pres4 and ,imperf4 reduplicate with the initial consonant1 7prefixing simply if that cannot be done1 and sometimes adopting other modes of strengthening17 and in the act4 they lengthen the root in the ,indic41 or into 1 into 4 ,the #b;d ,aor4 7those in being factitious have not this tense7 has in the act4 a long vowel or diphthong throughout1 except the ,imperative or o1 and the ,participle4 ,notes on ,certain ,verbs in 4 #fh4 to put has1 in the ,act41 #ast ,aor4 1 ,perf4 2 to give has1 #ast ,aor41 4 #fi4 to be is inflected thus3 thou art1 77 is1 1 1 77 we1 ye1 they are1 be thou1 being1 etc42 the rest mostly regular4 ,see the lexicon for these1 and for to send1 and to go4 #gj4 ,several verbs annex 1 1 771 etc41 instead of 1 etc41 in the ,pres4 and ,imperf4 ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,,syntax4--,,concord4 #ga4 ,all words placed under the same construction agree together in all the accidents which they possess in common4 #gb4 ,apposition occurs as in ,english4 #gc4 ,adjectives agree with their nouns in gender1 number1 and case4 #gd4 ,the noun is often understood1 especially if neut41 7things47 #ge4 ,sometimes a relative is attracted into the case of the omitted antecedent4 #gf4 ,a verb agrees with its subject nominative in number and person4 #gg4 ,the case of the subject of the ,infin4 depends upon other relations4 #gh4 ,neuters plur4 generally have a sing4 verb4 ,,government4 #gi4 ,any word may govern another 7or others7 which in sense is dependent upon it in the case appropriate for expressing such relation either with or without a preposition4 -------- ,genitive4 ,dative4 ,accusative4 #hj4 ,,genitive1 denoting origin1 answering to ,whence8 and expressed by from4 #ha4 ,local1 involving external relations of space1 either in a literal or a figurative sense4 ,this includes actual motion from an object1 generally with a preposition1 7 27 separation from it1 usually with verbs compounded with a preposition2 and commencement4 #hb4 ,causal1 denoting a more internal relation1 as if the outgoing of some agency or property1 as follows3-- #hc4 ,active1 either direct1 inferential1 or metaphysical4 ,this includes relations of source1 7e4g41 derivation1 commonly with 1 sometimes 1 direct authorship with 1 possession1 property1 often with an ,infin47 partitive use1 7e4g41 a class1 material1 partial relations17 and the ,gen4 of time1 7in the course of which17 especially the ,gen4 absolute1 with a ,participle1 as affording occasion4 #hd4 ,passive1 that is1 indirect1 the act being for the sake of the ,gen4 ,this includes verbs implying a mental operation1 adjectives1 and other words denoting skill1 and the ,gen4 of crime or purpose1 7the last mostly an ,infin4 with the article47 #he4 ,mutual1 e4g41 comparison and price or penalty4 #hf4 ,the attributive ,gen4 is a comprehensive relation1 arising under several of the above heads1 between two nouns designating different objects1 which may be thus expressed3 ,when two nouns are connected with each other1 that one which completes the idea of the other and defines it more fully is put in the ,gen4 #hg4 ,,dative1 denoting position1 answering to ,where8 and expressed by at4 #hh4 ,local1 involving the more palpable relations of position4 ,this includes the place1 7at1 by1 near1 in the midst of2 generally with 1 1 1 etc417 association1 accompaniment1 7frequently with 17 and the time 7as a date7 or circumstances of a transaction4 #hi4 ,causal1 denoting the object upon which the act or state appears1 thus conceived as sharing in producing it1 as follows3-- #ij4 ,personal1 either actually or so imagined4 ,this includes words expressing a correlative idea1 as community1 7in varied relations17 likeness1 possession1 agency1 reference1 etc4 #ia4 ,instrumental1 as the mediate cause1 e4g41 the ground or reason1 the means1 the instrument1 manner1 and the measure of excess or deficiency4 #ib4 ,in comprehensive phrase the attributive ,dat4 expresses many indirect relations of an object to or for which an act is performed or a condition sustained4 #ic4 ,,accusative1 denoting direction1 answering to ,whither8 and expressed by toward4 #id4 ,local involving the boundary1 place1 or object of motion1 especially with 4 #ie4 ,causal1 involving an influence1 change1 or result1 as impressed upon the object1 as follows3-- #if4 ,the effect1 either the thing effected1 an attribute of the effect1 or the effect intended4 #ig4 ,the object acted upon1 e4g41 with directly transitive verbs1 those expressing a good or bad influence1 patience1 swearing1 sometimes a mental affection1 etc42 also the space or way after a verb of motion2 the time1 7throughout which17 measure1 and weight2 and finally 7,attributive ,accusative7 with any verb or adj4 7sometimes other words7 to define its application more closely1 especially if of kindred signification4 ,,order ,,of ,,words ,,in ,a ,,sentence4 #ih4 ,this is usually not1 as in ,english1 that of grammatical dependence1 but rather the order of thought2 important or emphatic words come first1 after the connecting particles2 prepositions and the article precede their nouns2 and qualifying terms are grouped in a harmonious balance around the principal ones4 ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,,exercise ,,on ,,john #a1 #a-e4 #a #a #b #c #d 1#e #f #d #f #c ,in the beginning was the ,word1 and the ,word was #b #g #h 1#i #f #aj #c #d 4#e #aa with ,god1 and ,god was the ,word4 ,this one #c #c #a #b #g #h 4#i #ab '#ac was in the beginning with ,god4 ,all things by #ad 1#ae #f #af #ad #ae #ag him were made1 and without him was made not even #d #ah #ai 4#bj #a #ba #bb 1#c #f one thing which has been made4 ,in him life was1 and #e #bc #bb #c #bd #be #bf #bg #f #bd the life was the light of men2 and the #be #a #bh #bi 1#cj #f #bc #ca light in the darkness shines1 and the darkness #cb #cc 4#cd it not admitted4 ,,directions4--,spell the ,greek1 giving the ,english equivalents of the consonants1 7as in #a17 and the exact phonetic value or sound of the vowels4 ,call the rough breathing h4 ,be careful to put the spoken accent where it is written4 ,continue this practice through all the passages given in the following lessons1 until the words can be pronounced readily and accurately4 ,familiarize yourself with the forms of the letters by writing them4 ,let the pupil do this while learning the foregoing grammatical lessons1 and after the recitation of each of them let the teacher direct attention1 while the passage at the head of the reading lessons is pronounced1 to the examples illustrating each point1 as they occur--by way of paradigm4 ,,parsing ,,notes ,,on ,,the ,,above4 #a4 --prep4 atonic1 #c2 stands first1 #ih4 #b4 --noun1 from nom4 1 #ast decl4 fem41 #bh2 circumflex1 #f2 local dat41 #hh2 emphatic position1 #ih4 #c4 --verb1 irreg4 in 1 #fi2 #c;d pers4 sing4 imperf4 indic4 act41 #dg2 appended irreg4 as ending1 #di2 long vowel1 #fg4 #d4 --art41 nom4 masc4 sing41 #ci2 agrees with its noun1 #gc2 following1 #ih4 #e4 --noun1 #b;d decl4 nom4 sing4 masc41 #cj2 subject of 1 #gf2 balances clause1 #ih4 #f4 --conj41 changed accent1 #e2 position1 #ih4 #g4 --prep41 lit41 towards2 gov4 acc41 #bg2 accent1 #e4 #h4 --art41 acc4 sing4 masc41 #ci2 agreement1 #gc4 #i4 --noun1 lit41 the deity2 #b;d decl4 masc41 #be2 acc4 sing41 #cj2 government1 #id2 position1 #ih4 #aj4 --same as #i2 nom4 agreeing with subj41 #ga2 without the art4 because the predicate2 emphatic position1 #ih4 #aa4 --pron41 #ci2 agrees with 1 understood 7 #gc7 as subj4 of sentence2 first as connective2 accent1 #f2 and breathing1 #aj4 #ab4 --adj4 pron41 from 1 7stem1 72 #c;d decl4 nom4 plur4 neut41 #cb2 indef4 without noun expressed1 #gd2 subject of sentence2 emphatic position1 #ih4 #ac4 '--prep1 for 1 with final letter elided1 #bb4 #ad4 --adj4 pron4 used as personal2 gen4 masc4 sing41 #cj2 causal1 #hb4 ,gen4 and dat4 of #ast and #b;d decl4 are always circumflex when accented on last syllable4 #ae4 --verb1 came to be1 lit41 was born2 from 1 7for 1 strengthened #fc by reduplication1 #fg1 and then contracted for 27 depon41 #dj2 true root 1 our kin1 #eg1 here appearing in #b;d aor4 mid41 #dh2 is simple aug41 7hence the verb is in the indic41 #fj27 third is mood-vowel1 #db2 is #c;d pers4 sing4 mid41 #di2 agreement with subj41 #gh4 #af4 --prep41 lit41 apart2 accent1 #e2 case after1 #ha4 #ag4 --compound neg4 particle1 from and 4 #ah4 v--numeral adj41 #cf2 indef41 #gd2 #c;d decl4 nom4 sing4 neut41 #cb2 subj4 of 4 #ai4 --relative adj41 #ci2 #b;d decl4 nom4 sing4 neut41 #cd2 agreement1 #gc2 subj4 of 4 #bj4 --verb1 same as #ae2 root-vowel changed in perf4 mid41 #fc2 is reduplication1 #fj2 last is mood-vowel of indic41 #db2 no additional ending1 #dd2 hence #c;d pers4 sing4 7perf47 act41 #eb2 final added before pause1 #ag4 #ba4 -- pron41 same as #ad2 dat4 sing4 masc41 #cj2 government1 as #b4 #bb4 --noun1 #ast decl4 fem4 nom4 sing41 #bh2 subject of verb following4 #bc4 --art41 fem4 nom4 sing41 #ci2 agrees with 1 #gc2 atonic1 #c4 #bd4 --art41 neut4 nom4 sing41 #ci2 agrees with 4 #be4 --noun1 #c;d4 decl4 nom4 sing4 neut41 7stem for 72 here added 7as some neut4 nouns have7 and dropped1 #ad2 predicate nom41 #ga4 #bf4 --art41 gen4 plur4 masc41 #ci2 agreement1 #gc4 #bg4 --noun1 from 4 2 #b;d decl4 gen4 plur4 masc41 #cb2 government1 #hf2 accent1 #d4 #bh4 --art41 dat4 sing4 fem41 #ci2 agreement1 #gc4 #bi4 --noun from 2 #ast decl4 dat4 sing4 fem41 #bi2 final 1 #bi2 subscript1 #i2 government1 #hh4 #cj4 --verb1 from 2 root1 1 strengthened1 #fd2 is mood-vowel of indic41 #db2 final is tense-ending of pres4 #c;d sing4 act41 #di2 agrees with 1 #gf4 #ca4 --noun1 as #bi2 nom4 sing41 subj4 of clause4 #cb4 --pron41 as #ba2 acc4 neut4 sing41 #ci2 object of 1 #ig4 #cc4 -- simple neg4 adv42 atonic1 #c4 #cd4 --verb1 from 2 comp4 of 1 down1 and 1 ,i receive2 the root of the simple verb is 1 here appearing in the #b;d ,aor41 #eg2 aug41 #fj1 excluding final of prep41 #fa2 last likewise shows indic41 #db2 no tense-ending in #c;d pers4 sing4 act4 secondary1 #di appended4 #ag4 ,the tense expresses the act of the ,jews in rejecting ,christ4 ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,,exercise ,,on ,,john #a1 #f-aa4 #f #a #b #c #d 1#e #f ,there was a man sent from ,god1 the name #g #g #h #i #aj #aa 1#ab #ac to him was ,john3 this one came for testimony that #ad #ae #af 1#ag #ac #ah he might testify concerning the ,light1 that all might #h #ai '#bj 4#ba #bb #bc #bd #be 1#bf believe through him4 ,not was that one the ,light1 #i '#bg #ac #ad #ae #af 4#ag #bc but that he might testify concerning the ,light4 ,there was #be #bf #be 1#bh #bi #cj #ca 1#cb the ,light the true one1 which lights every man1 #aj #cc #aa #cd 4#ce #cf #cg #ch v1#bc coming into the world4 ,in the world he was1 #ci #dj #da '#bj #ba 1#a #ci #dj #da and the world through him was made1 and the world #aa #db #bb 4#dc #aa #dd #de 1#aj #ci #df him not knew4 ,to the own things he came1 and the #dg #db #bb 4#dh own persons him not received4 #a4 --,see lesson vii1 ,no4 #ae4 #b4 --,see vii1 #bg2 subj4 of sentence4 #c4 --part4 from 1 lit41 ,i send away2 comp4 of prep1 1 off1 and 1 ,i send2 root 1 vowel changed1 #fc2 aug4 cuts off final of prep41 #fa2 no reduplication1 #fj2 perf4 tense because aug4 beyond indic41 #fj2 and no union-vowel1 #db2 pass4 part4 ending 1 7 #ee17 accent2 is nom4 masc4 sing41 #cd1 #cj2 agrees with 1 #gc4 #d4 --prep41 lit41 near2 with gen41 from near4 #e4 --,see vii1 #i1 #aj2 here gen41 #ha4 #f4 --noun2 neut1 #c;d decl4 nom4 sing42 7stem1 1 final mute always dropped for euphony27 subj4 to was understood1 7copula may freely be supplied47 #g4 --pers4 adj4 pron42 dat4 sing4 masc4 from 1 vii1 #ad2 governed1 #ib4 #h4 --prop4 noun2 #ast decl4 masc4 nom4 sing41 #bh2 predicate after neut4 verb1 7understood17 agreeing with subj41 #ga4 #i4 --,see vii1 #aa4 #aj4 --verb1 assigned to 1 but really from defective 2 root1 2 temporal aug41 1 #fj2 hence indic41 as union-vowel 77 following also shows1 #db2 simple root #b;d aor41 #eg2 hence no tense ending in #c;d pers4 sing4 act41 #di2 appended1 #ag2 accent1 #f4 #aa4 --prep41 lit41 to1 that is1 here1 for the purpose of2 atonic1 #c4 #ab4 --noun2 #ast decl4 fem4 acc4 sing41 from 1 #bh2 governed1 #if4 #ac4 --conj41 meaning1 in order that2 introducing dependent clause4 #ad4 --verb1 from 2 first is root-vowel1 lengthened before tense-sign1 7 #ff17 which is of #ast fut41 #ei2 is union-vowel of subj41 7 #dd17 the subscribed being #c;d pers4 sing4 act41 #di2 accent1 #d4 #ae4 --prep41 lit41 around2 governs gen41 #hb4 #af4 --art42 gen4 sing4 neut41 #ci4 #ag4 --noun1 see vii1 #be4 ,gen4 7sing47 and dat4 7sing4 and plur47 of monosyllables of #c;d decl4 accent the ultimate4 #ah4 --,see vii1 #ab2 nom4 masc4 plur41 men being understood1 #gd2 subj4 of clause4 #ai4 --verb1 from 2 second is sign of #ast fut41 #ei2 sign of subj41 #dd2 #c;d plur4 act41 #di4 #bj4 --,see vii1 #ac4 #ba4 --,see vii1 #ad4 #bb4 --neg4 adv41 same as 1 7vii1 #hc17 with euphonic before a vowel4 #bc4 --,see vii1 #c4 #bd4 --demonst1 adj4 pron41 #ci2 he1 nom4 masc4 sing41 subj4 of sentence1 #bg2 accent1 #f4 #be4 --,see vii1 #bd4 #bf4 --,see vii1 #be4 #bg4 '--conj4 for 1 final vowel elided1 #bb4 #bh4 --adj41 from 2 neut4 #b;d decl41 #cd2 nom4 sing41 #cj2 agreeing with 1 #gc4 #bi4 --,see vii1 #ai4 #cj4 --verb1 from 2 strengthened root1 #eh2 union vowel of indic41 #db2 final #c;d sing4 7pres47 act41 #di4 #ca4 --indef4 adj41 see ,no4 #ah2 acc4 sing4 masc4 agreeing with 1 #gc4 #cb4 --noun1 see ,no4 #b2 acc4 sing41 #cj2 governed1 #ig4 #cc4 --part4 from 1 see ,no4 #aj2 deponent1 #dj2 pres4 pass41 #ee2 sing41 #cj2 either acc4 masc41 7and then agreeing with 17 or1 as is better1 7see ,john iii1 #ai17 nom4 neut41 7and then agreeing with 47 #cd4 --,see vii1 #h4 #ce4 --noun1 from 2 acc4 sing4 #b;d decl41 #cj2 governed1 #id4 #cf4 --,see vii1 #a4 #cg4 --art41 dat4 sing4 masc41 #ci2 agrees with 1 #gc4 #ch4 --noun1 see ,no4 #ce2 dat4 sing41 #h4 #ci4 --,see vii1 #f4 #dj4 --,see vii1 #d4 #da4 --noun1 see ,no4 #ce2 subj41 #bg4 #db4 --pron41 see ,no4 #g2 acc4 sing4 masc41 #ig4 #dc4 --verb1 from 1 7strengthened #gj from root 1 #fg1 our know72 #b;d aor41 #eg2 is augment of indic41 #fj2 is root and union-vowel1 #fg2 no other ending1 hence #c;d sing4 act41 #di4 #dd4 --art41 plur4 neut4 acc41 #ci4 #de4 --adj41 fr4 2 plur4 neut4 acc41 #cj2 agreement1 #gd2 meaning home here1 7lit41 the own things of him27 government1 #dd4 #df4 --art41 nom4 plur4 masc41 #ci4 #dg4 --adj41 see ,no4 #de2 nom4 plur4 masc41 #cj2 meaning family here1 #gd2 subj41 #bg4 #dh4 --verb from 1 compounded with 1 near1 7see ,no4 #d17 as in vii1 #cd2 #b;d aor41 #eg2 indic41 #db2 #c;d plur41 #di4 ,,lesson ,,ix4 ,,exercise ,,on ,,john #a1 #ab-ah4 #ab #a #b #c 1#d #e #f #g ,whoever1 however1 received him1 he gave to them privilege #h #i 1#aj #aa #ab #ac #ad children of ,god to become1 to the ones believing to the #ac #ae #af #ag #ah #ai 1#bj #ba name of him2 who not out of bloods1 nor out of #bb 1#bc #bb 1#bd '#be will of flesh1 nor out of will of man1 but out #ad 4#bf #bg #bh 1#bi of ,god were born4 ,and the ,word flesh became1 and #cj #ca 1#cb 7 #cc #cd tented among us1 and we beheld the glory of 1 #ce #cf #cg 1#ch7 #ci him1 glory as of an only-born near from a ,father17 full #ae #dj 4#da #db #dc #dd of grace and truth4 ,john testifies about 1 #de #df #dg #dh #di #ej him1 and has cried1 saying4 ,this was he whom ,i said1 ,the #ea #eb #ec #ed 1#ee #ef one behind me coming1 before me has become2 because #af #eg 4 #eh #ei first of me he was4 ,and out of the fullness of him ,,we #ag #fj 1#fa #fb #fc #fd all received1 and grace for grace3 because the #fe #ff 1#fg law through ,moses was given2 the grace and the truth #ah #fh #fi 4#gj #ga #gb #gc through ,jesus ,christ became4 ,god no-one has seen #gd #ge 1#gf #gg #gh ever2 the only-born ,son1 the one being into the #gi 1 #hj 4#ha bosom of the ,father1 that one explained ,him4 #a4 ,comp4 1 #ci2 nom4 plur4 masc41 #cj4 #b4 ,not first1 #ih4 #c4 1 vii1 #cd2 #c plur4 #b aor4 act4 #d4 vii1 #ad2 acc4 sing4 masc41 #ci2 gov41 #ig4 #e4 1 #fh2 #c sing41 #di2 aug41 #fj2 mood-vowel1 #db2 1 #ag4 #f4 ,no4 #d2 dat4 plur4 masc41 #ib4 #g4 1 #bh2 acc4 sing41 #ig4 #h4 1 #cj2 acc4 sing41 after neut4 verb 1 #gb4 #i4 vii1 #i2 gen4 sing4 #hf4 #aj4 vii1 #ae2 #b aor4 mid4 infin41 #ed2 accent peculiar4 #aa4 vii1 #d2 dat4 plur4 masc41 #gc4 #ab4 2 str4 pres41 #eh2 act4 part41 #ee2 7 #db7 becomes 1 #ad1 #af1 #ai2 #c decl41 #ee2 dat4 plur41 #cb2 agrees with 1 #gb2 as if a noun1 #gd4 #ac4 viii1 #i2 denotes close union4 #ad4 #ci2 agree41 #gc4 #ae4 neut4 #c decl4 acc4 sing41 #cb2 dropped in stem 1 #ah2 gov41 #id4 #af4 ,as ,no4 #f2 gov41 #hf4 #ag4 vii1 #ai2 nom4 plur4 masc41 #cj2 subj4 of 1 #bg4 #ah4 viii1 #h4 #ai4 ,for before a vowel1 #ah2 atonic1 #c4 #bj4 1 neut4 #c decl4 like ,no4 #ae2 gen41 #ha2 plur4 is ,hebraistic1 of natural descent2 accent1 #d4 #ba4 vii1 #ag1 used as conj4 #bb4 1 like ,no4 #ae2 gov41 #ha4 #bc4 1 fem4 #c decl41 #cb2 gov41 #hf2 accent special4 #bd4 1 irreg4 #c decl42 gen4 sing41 #hf4 #be4 vii1 #bj4 #bf4 1 strictly1 ,i beget2 prim4 as vii1 #ae2 #b aor4 pass4 #c plur41 7analyze47 #bg4 vii1 #e4 #bh4 ,no4 #bc2 nom4 sing41 #cb2 1 #ac4 #bi4 vii1 #ae4 #cj4 1 from 1 a tent2 #a aor4 act4 #c sing41 7analyze47 #ca4 vii1 #a4 #cb4 #ch2 gov41 #hh4 #cc4 1 depon41 #dj2 #a aor1 mid41 #a plur41 7analyze27 subj4 understood1 unemphatic4 #cd4 1 #bi2 acc4 sing41 #ig4 #ce4 atonic1 #c4 #cf4 1 #c decl41 two term41 #cd2 gen4 sing4 masc41 #hf2 becomes 1 #f4 #cg4 ,takes gen41 dat41 or acc4 #ch4 1 #c decl41 contr4 like ,no4 #bd2 gov41 #ha4 #ci4 #c decl41 like ,no4 #cf2 nom4 sing4 masc41 #gc4 #dj4 1 7 dropped1 #ad72 #c decl4 fem4 sing41 #hc4 #da4 1 #bi2 gen4sing41 #hc2 accent1 #d4 #db4 #a decl4 masc41 #bh4 #dc4 1 #fb2 pres4 ind4 act41 #db2 #c sing41 #di2 becomes 1 #bj4 #dd4 ,gen4 as if from the center1 #ha4 #de4 1 7 #eh7 for 1 #eg2 perf4 act41 #fj2 irreg41 #ei2 #c sing41 #di4 #df4 1 #fe2 pres4 part4 act41 #ee2 nom4 masc4 sing41 #cb2 for 1 #ai1 and viii1 #e4 #dg4 #ci4 #dh4 vii1 #c4 #di4 vii1 #ai2 acc4 sing4 masc41 attrib41 #ig4 #ej4 ,def4 verb2 #b aor4 act4 ind41 #c sing4 for 1 7analyze47 #ea4 ,gov4 gen4 like ,no4 #dd4 #eb4 #ch4 #ec4 1 depon41 #dj2 pres4 part41 #ee2 nom4 masc4 sing41 #cj4 #ed4 ,no4 #ea2 accent from enclitic1 #c4 #ee4 vii1 #bj4 #ef4 ,conj4 #eg4 ,for 1 #ce2 gov4 gen4 compar41 7 #he17 or attrib41 #hf4 #eh4 1 like ,no4 #bb2 gov41 #ha4 #ei4 #ch2 emphat41 ,no4 #cc4 #fj4 vii1 #ab2 nom4 plur4 masc41 #gc4 #fa4 ,no4 #c2 #a plur41 #di4 #fb4 ,even4 #fc4 ,no4 #dj2 acc4 sing41 #cb2 depends upon 1 #ig2 of stem dropped1 #ah4 #fd4 ,gov4 gen41 #he4 #fe4 #cj4 #ff4 1 #cb2 ,attic gen41 #cc2 gov41 #hb4 #fg4 1 #fg2 reg4 in #a aor4 pass41 #ei2 irreg4 short root vowel1 #ff2 long union-vowel1 #db2 #c sing41 #eb4 #fh4 ,irreg4 gen4 sing4 from 1 #cj4 #fi4 1 #dj4 #gj4 vii1 #ae4 #ga4 vii1 #i4 #gb4 ,comp4 of 1 vii1 #ag1 and 1 numeral1 irreg4 #gc4 1 irreg4 redup41 #fj2 perf4 act41 #ei2 #c sing4 #gd4 ,comp4 adv4 #ge4 ,no4 #cf4 #gf4 #cj4 #gg4 1 #fi2 like ,no4 #df4 #gh4 ,no #ac4 #gi4 #cj4 #hj4 viii1 #ai4 #ha4 ,depon4 1 #dj2 #a aor4 mid41 #ei2 aug4 merged in first 1 #fa2 indic41 #db2 #c sing41 #di4 ,,lesson ,x4 ,,exercise ,,on ,,our ,,lord',s ,,prayer1 7,matt1 vi1 #i-ac2 ,luke xi1 #b-d47 #a 7 1#b ,thus therefore pray ,,ye3 7,whenever ye pray1 #c7 #d 1#e #f say37 ,father of us1 the one in the heavens1 let be hallowed the #g 1 #h #i 1 #aj name of thee2 let come the kingdom of thee2 let be done the #aa #ab 1#ac #ad will of thee1 as in heaven1 also upon the earth2 the bread #ae #af 7#ag7 1#ah 7#ai of us1 the needful1 give 7give7 to us to-day2 as to the time #bj 1#ba7 #bb #bc 7 #bd7 by day2 and forgive to us the debts 7the sins7 1 #be #bf 1 7 of us1 as also we forgive to the debtors of us2 7and this do1 #bg #be #bh #bi 17 for ourselves we forgive to every one owing to us27 and not #cj 1#ca #cb mayest thou lead us into trial2 but deliver thou us away #cc #cd 1#i from the evil3 because of ,,thee is the kingdom1 and the 1#ce #cf 4#cg 4#ch power1 and the glory to the ages4 ,amen4 ,,remark4--,the words above in parentheses are the variations in the passage of ,luke4 ,the concluding doxology in brackets is not found in the oldest manuscripts1 and is probably spurious4 #a4 1 lit41 pray towards2 depon41 #dj2 pres41 #eh2 indic41 #db2 #b;d plur4 mid41 #di4 #b4 ,subj41 #db2 required by conditional particle preceding1 #dd4 #c4 2 pres41 #fe2 imper41 #db2 #b;d plur4 act41 #di4 #d4 1 7accent irregularly shifted27 #c;d decl41 #cb2 voc4 sing41 #bg4 #e4 1 #cj2 dat4 plur41 #hh4 #f4 1 root 1 from holy2 #ast aor4 pass41 #ei2 for 1 #ad2 in imper41 #db2 #c;d pers4 sing41 #ec2 as if act41 #eb4 #g4 ix1 #e2 accent1 #c4 #h4 viii1 #h2 #b;d aor4 #dh2 imper4 #db2 #c;d sing4 act41 #ec4 #i4 ,nom4 sing4 fem41 #bi2 cannot take the enclitic's accent 7 #c7 like ,no4 #g1 as another acute immediately precedes4 #aj4 1 vii1 #ae2 #ast aor4 pass41 ,no4 #f2 first assumed irreg4 as if a deriv4 #aa4 ,no4 #g4 #ab4 ,no4 #e2 dat4 sing41 #hh4 #ac4 1 #bh2 gen4 sing41 of place all over1 like time1 #hc4 #ad4 4 #cj2 acc4 sing4 #ig4 #ae4 1 prob4 comp4 of 1 for1 and 1 subsistence2 used only here2 acc4 sing4 masc41 #cd4 #af4 ,from 1 #fg2 irreg11 #b;d aor4 imp4 #b;d sing4 act4 #ag4 ,same verb2 irreg4 pres4 imper4 #b;d sing4 act4 #ah4 ,compound adv4 #ai4 ,elliptical1 #gd2 attrib4 acc4 #ig4 #bj4 ,for 1 #bb1 #ad4 #ba4 ,from 1 #bi2 acc4 sing4 of time1 #ig2 here distributive1 daily4 #bb4 ,from send away2 and 1 #fi2 irreg4 #b;d aor4 imper42 #b;d sing4 act41 like ,no4 #af4 #bc4 ,from 1 like ,no4 #g2 acc4 plur4 neut41 #cb4 #bd4 ,from 4 #bh4 #be4 ,from same as ,no4 #bb2 pres4 ind4 #ast plur4 act41 #di2 #bf4 ,from 1 #bh2 dat4 plur41 #ib4 #bg4 ,def4 adj4 pron41 #ci2 used as pers4 of all persons4 #bh4 ,from 1 see vii1 #ab2 dat4 sing4 masc41 #cb4 #bi4 ,pres4 act4 part1 of 1 like ix1 #ab2 dat4 sing4 masc41 #ib4 #cj4 ,assigned to 1 but really belonging to the defective cognate1 1 irreg4 reduplicate1 #ast aor41 from 1 into1 and an obsolete 1 7for 1 #af27 subj41 #da1 7dependent end upon an implied verb of wishing or deprecating #dd27 #b;d sing4 act41 #ea4 #ca4 ,from 1 #cj2 acc4 sing41 #id4 #cb4 ,from 1 #fb2 depon41 #dj2 #ast aor41 #ei2 imper4 union-vowel 1 #db2 #b;d sing4 mid41 #ec4 #cc4 ,noun implied1 #gd2 #b;d decl41 #cd2 gen4 sing4 neut41 #ha4 #cd4 ,from 1 #fi4 #ce4 ,see #cc4 #cf4 ,see ix1 #cd4 #cg4 ,from 1 #cb2 acc4 plur41 #id4 #ch4 ,adv4 from the ,heb41 verily4 ,,lesson ,,xi4 ,,exercise ,,on ,,luke i1 #a-d4 #a #b #c #d #e ,inasmuch as many undertook to arrange a narrative about #f #g 1#h #i #aj the fully believed among us transactions1 just as transmitted them #g o #aa #ab #ac #ad to us the from the beginning eye-witnesses and ministers #ae #af #ag #ah v#ai of the word2 it seemed good to me also1 having followed close from the first #bj 1#ba #bb 1#bc #bd to all things carefully1 regularly to thee to write1 most excellent 1#be #bf #bg #bh ,theophilus1 in order that thou mayest recognize about what thou wast instructed 4#bi words the certainty4 #a4 ,comp4 of 1 since1 7from 1 upon1 1 if17 1 now1 and the intensive particle1 4 #b4 ,irreg4 from 1 really an old 2 nom4 plur4 masc41 #cd2 persons understood1 #gd4 #c4 ,from 1 lay hand upon1 from 1 upon1 and 1 a hand2 aug41 #fa2 1 #ff2 #ast aor41 #ei2 ,ind41 #db2 #c;d plur4 act42 #di4 #d4 ,from 1 7comp4 of 1 up1 i4e41 thoroughly1 and 1 arrange27 depon41 #dj2 #ast aor41 7root1 1 str4 in pres4 by 1 #eh1 which excludes the 17 #ei1 71 #ac27 infin4 mid41 #ed2 depends1 like a nom4 7 #be7 in the acc4 upon 41 #ig4 #e4 ,from 1 7like in the paradigm17 #cc2 acc4 sing4 depend4 on 41 #ig4 #f4 ,from 1 comp4 of 1 full1 1 bear1 i4e41 in mind2 redupl41 #fj2 1 #ff2 no tense sign1 #ei2 perf4 pass4 part41 #ee2 gen4 plur41 #cj2 agrees with 41 #gc4 #g4 ,see #ch4 #h4 ,like in the paradigm2 gen4 plur41 see viii1 #ac4 #i4 ,comp4 of 1 7see x1 #bj17 down1 i4e41 exactly1 and 1 as4 #aj4 ,from 1 comp4 of 1 near1 i4e41 from one to another1 and 1 #fh2 #b;d aor41 717 #eg2 indic41 #fj1 also #db2 #c;d plur4 act41 #di4 #aa4 ,see #bb4 #ab4 ,see vii4 #b4 #ac4 ,from 1 comp4 of 1 self1 and 1 ,i see2 nom4 plur4 masc41 #bh4 #ad4 ,from 1 7comp4 of 1 under1 and 1 rower17 #bh4 #ae4 ,see paradigm4 #af4 ,from 1 really an obsol4 2 #ast aor41 #ei2 indic41 #fj2 #c;d sing4 act41 #di4 #ag4 ,comp4 of 1 7 #bb17 and 1 #ch2 case1 #ib4 #ah4 ,from 1 comp4 of 1 near1 and 2 aug41 717 #fj2 perf4 act41 #ei2 second 1 #ff2 part41 #ee2 dat4 sing41 7 #cb17 masc41 #cd2 agrees with 1 #gc4 #ai4 ,deriv4 adv41 lit41 from above1 i4e41 from top to bottom4 #bj4 ,see viii1 #af2 dat4 plur41 #hh4 #ba4 ,adv4 from 1 exact4 #bb4 ,adv4 comp4 of 1 7as ,no4 #ag17 and 1 orderly1 an old gen41 #ca4 #bc4 ,from 1 7not str41 #eh27 #ast aor41 as ,no4 #d2 infin4 act41 #ed2 subj4 of 4 #bd4 ,from 1 #cd2 superl41 7 #ce17 of an obsol4 1 strong1 assigned to 1 good2 ,voc4 sing4 masc41 #cj4 #be4 ,nom1 1 #cj4 #bf4 ,from 1 comp4 of 1 upon1 i4e41 by means of some reminding or determining circumstance1 and 1 ,i know1 for 1 #gj1 7root 1 know17 contracted like 1 vii1 #ae2 #b;d aor41 #eg2 subj41 #dd2 #b;d sing4 act41 #ea4 #bg4 ,rel41 #ci2 gen4 plur41 #cj2 agrees with 1 #ge2 for 1 7 #ge17 1 #ia4 #bh4 ,from 1 7comp4 of 1 down1 as in ,no4 #ag1 and 1 ,i echo17 whence our catechize2 #ast4 aor4 pass41 #ei2 exception to #ad2 second 1 #ff2 third 1 #db2 #b;d sing41 #eb4 #bi4 ,from 1 lit41 non-tottering2 acc4 sing41 #bi2 depends upon 41 #ig4 ,,paradigms ,,of ,,nouns ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,declension4 ,feminine4 ,masculine4 ,cases4 ,shadow4 ,door4 ,root4 ,honor4 ,youth4 ,judge4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 ,dative4 ,accusative4 ,vocative4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 ,dative4 ,accusative4 ,vocative4 ,,paradigms ,,of ,,nouns ,,of ,,the ,,second ,,declension4 ,masculine4 ,neuter4 ,word4 ,jesus4 ,fig4 ,cases4 ,sing4 ,plur4 ,sing4 ,plur4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 ,dative4 ,accusative4 ,vocative4 ,,paradigms ,,of ,,nouns ,,of ,,the ,,third ,,declension ,masculine and ,feminine4 ,neuter4 ,cases4 ,shepherd4 ,lion4 ,hair4 ,city4 ,body4 ,light4 ,wall4 ,sing4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 ,dative4 ,accusative4 ,vocative4 ,plur4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 ,dative4 ,accusative4 ,vocative4 ,,paradigms ,,of ,,adjectives1 7of three terminations1 #cd47 #ast and #b;d ,decl4--1 ,fair4 ,singular4 ,plural4 ,cases4 ,masc4 ,fem4 ,neut4 ,masc4 ,fem4 ,neut4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 ,dative4 ,accusative4 ,vocative4 ,similarly1 1 1 1 ,just4 #ast and #c;d ,decl4--1 ,all4 ,singular4 ,plural4 ,cases4 ,masc4 ,fem4 ,neut4 ,masc4 ,fem4 ,neut4 ,nominative4 ,genitive4 ,dative4 ,accusative4 ,vocative4 ,similarly those ending in ,m4 ,f4 ,n4 ,m4,n4 ,m4 ,f4 ,n4 ,m4,n4 ,m4 ,f4 ,n4 ,m4,n4 ,g4 ,g4 ,g4 ,g4 ,g4 ,g4 ,g4 ,g4 ,g4 ,g4 ,g4 ,g4 ,forms in two terminations are similar2 for example3-- ,m4,f4 ,n4 ,gen4 ,m4,f4 ,n4 ,gen4 ,m4,f4 ,n4 ,gen4 ,,synopsis 7#ast sing41 etc47 ,,of ,,regular 7,mute7 ,,verbs4--1 ,strike4 ,active ,voice4 ,indic4 ,imper4 ,optat4 ,subj4 ,infin4 ,part4 ,pres4 ,imp'f4 #ast ,a4 #ast ,f4 ,perf4 ,plup4 #b;d ,a4 #b;d ,f4 ,passive ,voice4 ,indic4 ,imper4 ,optat4 ,subj4 ,infin4 ,part4 ,pres4 ,imp'f4 ,perf4 ,plup4 #ast ,a4 #ast ,f4 #b;d ,a4 #b;d ,f4 #c;d ,f4 ,middle ,voice4 ,indic4 ,imper4 ,optat4 ,subj4 ,infin4 ,part4 ,pres4 ,same throughout as the ,passive4 ,imp'f4 ,same throughout as the ,passive4 ,perf4 ,plup4 #ast ,a4 #ast ,f4 #b;d ,a4 #b;d ,f4 ,,regular ,,verb-,,endings1 7including mood-vowel47 ,active 7includ4 #eb47 #a #b #c ,ind4of ,pres4 and ,fut4 s4 p4 ,subjunctive throughout s4 p4 ,ind4 of ,perf4 and #a ,aor4 s4 p4 #a ,ind4 of ,imp4 and #b ,aor4 s4 p4 ,ind4 of ,aor41 ,pass41 ,opt4#b s4 p4 ,indic4 of ,plup4 s4 p4 ,opt41 exc4 as ab've bel'w s4 p4 ,opt4 of #a ,aor4 s4 p4 ,imp4 of ,pres41 #b ,aor41 ,perf4 s4 p4 ,imper4 of #a ,aor4 s4 p4 ,imper4 of ,aor4 ,pass4 s4 #c p4 ,mid4 and ,pass4 7except #eb47 #a #b #c ,ind4 of ,pres4 and ,fut4 s4 p4 ,subj4 throughout s4 7exc4 ,perf4 ,pass4#d7 p4 ,ind4 of #a ,aor4 ,mid4 s4 p4 ,ind4 of ,imp4 and s4 #b ,aor4 ,middle4 p4 ,ind4 of ,perf4 ,pass4#d s4 p4 ,ind4 of ,plup4 ,pass4#d s4 p4 ,opt41 exc4 as bel'w s4 7and ,perf4 ,pass4#d7 p4 ,opt4 of #a ,aor4 ,mid4 s4 p4 ,imper4 of ,pres4 s4 and #b ,aor4 7,mid47 p4 ,imper4 of #a ,aor4 ,mid4 s4 p4 ,imper4 of #a ,perf4 ,pass4#d s4 p4 ,footnote #a3 ,but in #ast ,aor4 ,footnote #b3 ,the ,opt4 has an extra mood-diphthong1 1 before ending4 ,footnote #c3 ,but in #ast ,aor41 see #ad4 ,footnote #d3 ,the ,perf4 and ,plup4 ,pass4 are often inflected periphrastically 7especially in the ,opt4 and ,subj47 by means of an auxiliary 7from 1 to be4 with the participle4 ,,synopsis ,,of ,,verbs ,,in 4 ,active ,voice4 ,indic4 ,imper4 ,optat4 ,subj4 ,infin4 ,part4 ,pres4 ,imp4 #b ,a4 ,pres4 ,imp4 #b ,a4 ,pres4 ,imp4 #b ,a4 ,pres4 ,imp4 ,,synopsis ,,of ,,verbs ,,in 4--7,continued47 ,middle ,voice1 7including ,pres4 and ,imper4 ,pass47 ,indic4 ,imper4 ,optat4 ,subj4 ,infin4 ,part4 ,pres4 ,imp4 #b ,a4 ,pres4 ,imp4 #b ,a4 ,pres4 ,imp4 #b ,a4 ,pres4 ,imp4 ,all the other tenses are regular1 as if from 1 1 1 1 meaning respectively to stand1 put1 give1 and show4 ,,peculiar ,,endings ,,of ,,verbs ,,in ,singular4 ,plural4 - - #a4 - - - - - #b4 - - #a4 - #c4- - #c4 - - #b4 - - - - - - has as a union-vowel throughout the subj4 7pres4 and #b;d aor47 of both voices1 and has in the #b;d and #c;d sing41 and #b;d plur4 of the subj4 pres4 ,all the other forms follow the inflection of the regular verb4