,,pan!ism ,by ,j4 ,,allanson ,,picton ,,religions ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,pan!ism ,its ,/ory & ,significance ,,religions3 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n4 ,foolscap #hvo4 #as4 net p] volume4 ,x is int5d$ 9 ?is s]ies to pres5t to a l>ge public ! ,,sali5t ,,features1 fir/ ( ! ,,great ,,religions1 secondly ( ! ,,great ,,philosophies1 & ?irdly ( ! ,,great ,,lit]>y & ,,arti/ic ,,reputations ( ! ,human ,race4 ,,pan!ism3 ,,its ,,/ory ,,& ,,significance4 ,by ,j4 ,,allanson ,,picton1 ,m4,a4 ,au?or ( ,! ,religion ( ! ,univ]se1 etc4 ,,religion ,,( ,,anci5t ,,greece4 ,by ,miss ,,jane ,,h>rison1 ,fell[ ( ,newnham ,college1 ,au?or ( ,prolegom5a to ! ,/udy ( ,greek ,religion1 etc4 ,,animism4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,clodd1 ,au?or ( ,pione]s ( ,evolution4 ,,religions ,,( ,,anci5t ,,*9a4 ,by ,h4,a4 ,,giles1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 7,ab]d471 ,pr(essor ( ,*9ese at ,cambridge ,univ]sity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ ,volumes are 9 prep>ation3 ,,islam4 ,mr4 ,t4,w4 ,,arnold1 ,assi/ant ,libr>ian1 ,india ,(fice4 ,,buddhism4 #b vols4 ,pr(4 ,,rhys ,,davids1 ,,ll4,d4 ,,h9duism4 ,mr4 ,t4,w4 ,,arnold4 ,,feti%ism ,,& ,,magic4 ,pr(4 ,,alfr$ ,c4 ,,haddon1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,! ,,my?ology ,,( ,,anci5t ,,brita94 ,mr4 ,,*>les ,,squire4 ,,celtic ,,religion4 ,pr(4 ,,anwyl4 ,,sc&9avian ,,religion4 ,mr4 ,w4,a4 ,,craigie4 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,anci5t ,,egypt4 ,pr(4 ,,fl9d]s ,,petrie4 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,babylonia ,,& ,,assyria1 ,dr4 ,,!ophilus ,g4 ,,p9*es4 ,,pan!ism ,its ,/ory & ,significance ,,by ,j4 ,,allanson ,,picton ,,london #aije ,,cont5ts ,,*ap4 ,,=eword ,i4 ,,pre-,,*ri/ian ,,pan!ism ,,ii4 ,,po/-,,*ri/ian ,,pan!ism ,,iii4 ,,mod]n ,,pan!ism ,,aft]word ,,pan!ism ,,=eword4 ,sid5ote3 ,pan!ism n ,sect>ian or ev5 ,racial4 ,pan!ism diff]s f ! sy/ems ( belief con/itut+ ! ma9 religions ( ! _w 9 be+ comp>atively free f any limits ( p]iod1 climate1 or race4 ,= :ile :at we r\ghly call ! ,egyptian ,religion1 ! ,v$ic ,religion1 ! ,greek ,religion1 ,buddhism1 & o!rs ( simil> fame h be5 necess>ily local & tempor>y1 ,pan!ism has be51 = ! mo/ "p1 a dimly disc]n$ backgr\nd1 an esot]ic significance ( _m or all religions1 r ?an a d5om9ation by itself4 ,! be/ illu/ration ( ?is *>act]i/ic ( ,pan!ism is ! ca?olicity ( its great prophet ,sp9oza4 ,= he felt s little antagonism to any ,*ri/ian sect1 t he nev] urg$ any memb] ( a *ur* to leave x1 b r enc\rag$ 8 humbl] fri5ds1 :o s\ght 8 advice1 to make full use ( su* spiritual privileges z !y appreciat$ mo/4 ,he c\ld n1 inde$1 cont5t himself ) ! fragm5t>y =ms ( any sect>ian cre$4 ,b 9 ! few writ+s :i* he made "s ef=t to adapt to ! popul> und]/&+1 he seems to ?9k x possible t ! fai? ( ,pan!ism might "s day leav5 all religions alike4 ,i %all endeav\r briefly to sket* ! /ory ( t fai?1 & to sugge/ its significance = ! future4 ,b fir/ we mu/ "k :at x means4 ,sid5ote3 ,mean+ ( ,pan!ism4 ,sid5ote3 ,god is ,all4 ,sid5ote3 ,b n ,ev]y?+ ,is ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,analogy ( ! ,human ,organism4 ,pan!ism1 !n1 be+ a t]m d]iv$ f two ,greek words signify+ all & ,god1 sugge/s to a c]ta9 ext5t its own mean+4 ,?us1 if ,a!ism be tak5 to mean a d5ial ( ! be+ ( ,god1 ,pan!ism is its extreme opposite2 because ,pan!ism decl>es t !re is no?+ b ,god4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ne$s explanation4 ,= no ,pan!i/ has ev] held t ev]y?+ is ,god1 any m ?an a tea*] ( physiology1 9 en=c+ on 8 /ud5ts ! unity ( ! human organism1 w\ld insi/ t e toe & f+] is ! man4 ,b su* a tea*]1 at lea/ 9 ^! days1 w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly w>n 8 pupils aga9/ ! notion t ! man c be really divid$ into limbs1 or organs1 or faculties1 or ev5 into s\l & body4 ,inde$1 he might )\t affectation adopt ! language ( a mu* controv]t$ cre$1 s f> z to pron\nce t ! reasonable s\l & fle% is "o man--"o altoge!r4 ,9 ?is view1 ! man is ! unity ( all organs & faculties4 ,b x does n 9 ! lea/ foll[ t any ( ^! organs or faculties1 or ev5 a selection ( !m1 is ! man4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,analogy ,imp]fect b ,useful4 ,if ,i apply ?is analogy to an explanation ( ! above def9ition ( ,pan!ism z ! !ory t !re is no?+ b ,god1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t ,i reg>d ! p>allelism z p]fect4 ,9 fact1 "o purpose ( ! foll[+ exposition w be to %[ :y & :]e all su* analogies fail4 ,= ,pan!ism does n reg>d man1 or any organism1 z a true unity4 ,9 ! view ( ,pan!ism ! only real unity is ,god4 ,b )\t any inconsi/5cy ,i may avail myself ( common impressions to correct a common mis-impression4 ,?us1 ^? :o hold t ! reasonable s\l & fle% is "o man--"o altoge!r--b at ! same "t d5y t ! toe or ! f+]1 or ! /oma* or ! he>t1 is ! man1 are b\nd 9 consi/5cy to recognise t if ,pan!ism affirms ,god to be ,all 9 ,all1 x does n foll[ t ,pan!ism mu/ hold a man1 or a tree1 or a tig] to be ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,f>!r ,def9ition4 ,exclud+1 !n1 su* an app>5tly plausible1 b really fallaci\s inv]sion ( ! ,pan!i/ic view ( ! ,univ]se1 ,i repeat t ! latt] is ! precise opposite ( ,a!ism4 ,s f> f tol]at+ any d\bt z to ! be+ ( ,god1 x d5ies t !re is any?+ else4 ,= all objects ( s5se & ?\ght1 includ+ individual consci\sness1 :e!r directly obs]v$ 9 ourselves1 or inf]r$ z exi/+ 9 o!rs1 are1 accord+ to ,pan!ism1 only facets ( an inf9ite ,unity1 :i* is altoge!r "o 9 a s5se inapplicable to any?+ else4 ,because t ,unity is n m]ely ! aggregate ( all ! f9ite objects :i* we obs]ve or inf]1 b is a liv+ :ole1 express+ itself 9 inf9ite v>iety4 ,( t inf9ite v>iety our gleams ( consci\sness are inf9itesimal p>ts1 b n p>ts 9 a s5se involv+ any real division4 ,! que/ions rais$ by su* a view ( ! ,univ]se1 _m ( !m unansw]able--z is also ! case ) que/ions rais$ by e o!r view ( ! ,univ]se--w be consid]$ fur!r on4 ,all t ,i am try+ to secure 9 ^! prelim9>y obs]vations is a g5]al idea ( ! ,pan!i/ic view ( ! ,univ]se z di/+ui%$ f t ( ,poly!ism1 ,mono!ism1 or ,a!ism4 ,sid5ote3 ,v>i\s ,=ms ( ,pan!ism4 ,sid5ote3 ,spuri\s ,=ms4 ,sid5ote3 ,exclusion ( ,creation4 ,sid5ote3 ,evolution & ,decay applicable only to ,p>ts1 n to ! ,:ole4 ,( c\rse1 !re h be5 diff]5t =ms ( ,pan!ism1 z !re h be5 also v>i\s phases ( ,mono!ism2 & 9 ! brief hi/orical review :i* w foll[ ?is introductory explanation ( ! "n1 ,i %all note at lea/ ! mo/ important ( ^? =ms4 ,b any :i* fail to con=m1 to ! g5]al def9ition "h giv51 w n be recognis$ z ,pan!ism at all1 ?\gh !y may be wor? "s att5tion z approximations !reto4 ,= any view ( ! ,univ]se1 all[+ ! exi/5ce ( any?+ outside ! div9e ,unity1 d5ies t ,god is ,all 9 ,all1 &1 !re=e1 is obvi\sly n ,pan!ism4 ,:e!r we %\ld recognise z true ,pan!ism any !ory involv+ ! evolution ( a f9ite _w or worlds out ( ! div9e sub/ance at "s def9ite epo* or epo*s1 may be a debatable "q1 provid$ t ! et]nity & inviolability ( ! div9e on5ess is absolutely gu>d$ 9 ?\ght4 ,yet ,i w anticipate s f> z to say t1 9 my view1 ! "q mu/ be negativ$4 ,at any rate1 we mu/ exclude all cre$s :i* tol]ate ! idea ( a creation 9 ! popul> s5se ( ! ^w1 or ( a f9al cata/rophe4 ,true1 ! individual objects1 great or small1 f a galaxy to a mo?1 :i* h to u app>5tly a sep>ate exi/5ce1 h all be5 evolv$ out ( prec$+ modes ( be+1 by a process :i* seems to u to involve a beg9n+1 & to ensure an end4 ,b 9 ! view ( ,pan!ism1 prop]ly s-call$1 ! transf]5ce ( su* a process to ! :ole ,univ]se is ! result ( an illusion sugge/$ by false analogy4 ,= ! processes call$ evolution1 ?\gh ev]y:]e op]ative1 affect1 ea* ( !m1 only p>ts ( ! inf9ite :ole ( ?+s2 & exp]i5ce _c possibly af=d any ju/ification = suppos+ t !y affect ! ,univ]se itself4 ,?us1 ! matt] or en]gy ( :i* we ?9k we consi/1 0 9 exi/5ce1 e atom ( x1 & e elem5t ( =ce1 be=e we 7 born1 & w survive our app>5t dea?4 ,& ! same ?+1 at lea/ on ! ,pan!i/ic view1 is true ( e o!r mode ( app>5tly sep>ate or f9ite exi/5ce4 ,!re=e no bir? ( a new nebula ev] add$ a gra9 ( matt] or an impulse ( new en]gy to ! ,univ]se4 ,& ! f9al decease ( our sol> sy/em1 if su* an ev5t be 9 prospect1 _c make any diff]5ce :atev] to ! inf9ite balance ( =ces1 ( :i*1 speak+ 9 an?ropomorphic & inadequate language1 we suppose ! ,et]nal ,all to consi/4 ,sid5ote3 ,limitation ( ,scope4 ,^! obs]vations are n int5d$ to be controv]sial1 b only to make cle> ! g5]al s5se 9 :i* ! t]m ,pan!ism is "h us$4 ,n t x w\ld be possible at ! outset to indicate all t is implicit 9 ! def9ition4 ,i only wi% to premise pla9ly t ,i am n conc]n$ ) any view ( ! _w su* z implies or admits t1 :e!r by process ( creation1 or emanation1 or self-division1 or evolution1 ! on5ess ( ! ,et]nal has ev] be5 m>r$1 or any?+ o!r ?an ! be+ ( ,god has be5 or c be produc$4 ,sid5ote3 ,pan!ism ei!r ,philosophical or ,religi\s or bo?4 ,sid5ote3 ,pan!ism z a ,religion almo/ ,entirely ,mod]n4 ,sid5ote3 ,my/ics n necess>ily ,pan!i/4 ,b be=e pass+ on to ! promis$ hi/orical review1 x is1 p]haps1 necess>y to ref] aga9 to a rem>k previ\sly made1 t ,pan!ism may be consid]$ ei!r f ! po9t ( view ( philosophy1 or f t ( religion4 ,n t ! two po9ts ( view are mutually exclusive4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 ,pan!ism z a religion is1 ) c]ta9 exceptions among ,indian sa9ts & lat] ,neoplatoni/s1 almo/ entirely a mod]n developm5t1 ( :i* ,sp9oza 0 ! fir/ di/9ct & dev\t tea*]4 ,= ?is /atem5t ju/ification w be giv5 h]eaft]4 ,meantime1 to deprecate adv]se prejudice1 ,i may sugge/ t a c>eful /udy ( ! mo/ anci5t =ms ( ,pan!ism seems to %[ t !y 7 purely philosophical2 an endeav\r to rea* 9 ?\ght ! ultimate reality :i* poly!ism trave/i$1 & :i* ! s5ses disguis$4 ,b little or no attempt 0 made to sub/itute ! contemplation ( ! ,et]nal = ! wor%ip ( m$iator div9ities4 ,?us1 9 ! same _s 9 :i* ,socrates ord]$ ! sacrifice ( a cock to ,aesculapius = 8 recov]y f ! disease ( mortal life1 philosophical ,pan!i/s1 :e!r ,egyptian or ,greek1 or ev5 ,indian1#a satisfi$ _! religi\s in/9cts by he>ty communion ) ! popul> wor%ip ( traditional gods4 ,or1 if x is ?\ght t ! m$iaeval my/ics 7 religi\s ,pan!i/s1 a clos] exam9ation ( _! dev\t utt]ances w %[ t1 ?\gh !y approximat$ to ,pan!ism1 & ev5 us$ language su* z1 if int]pret$ logically1 mu/ h impli$ x1 yet !y c>efully res]v$ articles ( ! ecclesia/ical cre$1 entirely inconsi/5t ) ! fundam5tal position t !re is no?+ b ,god4 ,inde$1 _! fav\rite comp>ison ( creature life to ! ray ( a c&le is n really a ,pan!i/ic conception2 because to ! true ,pan!i/ ! creature is n an emanation ext]nal to ,god1 b a f9ite mode ( inf9ite ,be+4 ,/ill ! my/ics did mu* to prep>e ! dev\t = an acceptance ( ,sp9oza's tea*+4 ,& al?\gh s amaz+ a transfiguration ( religion r dazzl$ ?an conv9c$ ! _w at fir/2 nay1 ?\gh x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t "o1 & p]haps m ( ,sp9oza's fundam5tal conceptions h increas+ly repell$ r ?an attract$ religi\s p1 yet x c h>dly be disput$ t he gave an impulse to contemplative religion1 ( :i* ! effect is only n[ beg9n+ to be fully realis$4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,if ,buddha occurs to ! read]1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t he 0 n a ,pan!i/ at all4 ,8 ultimate aim 0 ! dissolution ( p]sonality 9 ! ,no?+4 ,b t is n ,pan!ism4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,pre-,,*ri/ian ,,pan!ism ,sid5ote3 ,its ,orig9s ,d\btful & ,unimportant4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,secret ( ,pan!ism is ,)9 u4 ,x has be5 ! cu/om>y & p]haps inevitable me?od ( writ]s on ,pan!ism to trace its ma9 idea back to ! dreams ( ,v$ic poets1 ! mus+s ( ,egyptian prie/s1 & ! speculations ( ! ,greeks4 ,b ?\gh x is und5iable t ! div9e unity ( all ,be+ 0 an almo/ necess>y issue ( e>lie/ human ?\ght ^u ! _m & ! "o1 yet ! above me?od ( treat+ ,pan!ism is to "s ext5t mislead+2 & !re=e caution is ne$$ 9 us+ x4 ,= ! revival ( ,pan!ism at ! pres5t day is mu* m a tangible resultant ( action & reaction betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,religion ?an a gho/ conjur$ up by speculation4 ,?us1 religi\s belief1 driv5 out f ! d>kness & ! cl\d ( ,s9ai1 takes refuge 9 ! my/]y ( matt]2 & if ! glory passes f ! ,m\nt ( ,transfiguration1 x is because x exp&s to e!rialise ! :ole _w z ! g>m5t ( ,god4 ,aga91 ! evanesc5ce ( ! atom into galaxies ( electrons de/roys ! only physical !ory t ev] ?reat5$ u ) ,a!ism2 & ! inf9itesimal electrons !mselves op5 up an immeasurable p]spective into ! abyss ( an ,unkn[able 9 :i* all ?+s live & move & h _! be+4 ,!re=e x matt]s little to u1 except z a matt] ( antiqu>ian int]e/1 to "k :at ! ,v$ic s+]s may h dream$2 or :at ,?ales or ,x5ophanes or ,p>m5ides may h ?\ght ab\t ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ?+s1 or ab\t ! _m & ! "o4 ,= our spiritual g5ealogy is n f !m1 b f a ne>] & d\ble l9e ( begett]s1 includ+ se]s--9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w--& sa9ts1 = bo? are repres5t$ by ,kepl] & ,hook]1 ,newton & ,j]emy ,taylor1 ,desc>tes & ,sp9oza1 ,leibnitz & ,wesley1 ,sp5c] & ,newman4 ,& ev5 ^! h au?ority n ?r\gh any div9e "r ( g5ius or acquir$ claim ( le>n+1 b because !y illum9e & int]pret obscure sugge/ions ( our own ?\ghts4 ,inde$1 to ! sacram5t ( hi/oric communion ) ! pa/1 z well z to ! *ief rite ( ! ,*ur*1 ! apo/olic injunction is applicable3 ,let a man exam9e himself2 & s let him eat ( t bread4 ,sid5ote3 ,sugge/ions ( ,nature4 ,obey+ t injunction1 any man possess+ ord9>y p[]s ( obs]vation & reflection may1 9 ! c\rse ( a summ] day's walk1 f9d abundant reason = int]e/ 9 ! speculations ( hi/oric ,pan!ism4 ,= ! aspect ( nature !n pres5t$ to him is "o bo? ( movem5t & repose1 ( v>iety & h>mony1 ( multiplicity & unity4 ,?us ! slight breeze1 sc>cely /irr+ ! dr[sy fl[]y ! monoton\s cad5ces ( ! /ony brook1 & ! glid+ ( fea!ry flecks ( cl\d across ! blue1 create a peace f> deep] ?an absolute /illness1 & sugge/ an inf9ite life 9 :i* activity & repose are "o4 ,besides1 !re is evid5t ev]y:]e an int]play ( =ces act+ & react+ s z mutually to help & fulfil "o ano!r4 ,= in/ance1 ! fall+ leaves give back ! c>bon !y ga!r$ f ! air1 & s repay ! soil ) int]e/ = ! subtl] ess5ces d]iv$ !refrom & dissolv$ 9 ! sap4 ,! bees1 aga91 humm+ among ! fl[]s1 :ile actuat$ only by in/9cts ( appetite & ?rift1 fructify ! blooms1 & become a connect+ l9k betwe5 "o vegetable g5]ation & ano!r4 ,! heat ( ! sun draws up wat] f ocean & riv] & lake1 :ile *illy curr5ts ( high] air return x "h & !re 9 ra94 ,s e>?1 sea1 & air are = ev] traffick+ toge!r2 & _! int]*ange ( ri*es & =ce is complicat$ t5 ?\s&fold by ! activities ( innum]able liv+ ?+s1 all adapt+ !mselves by "s int]nal en]gy to ! ev] v>y+ balance ( heat & cold1 moi/ure & dr\ght1 light & d>kness1 *emical action & reaction4 ,& all ?is has be5 go+ on = untold millions ( ye>s2 nor is !re any sign ( we>9ess n[4 ,sid5ote3 ,sympa?y ?us awak5$ ) ! old ,pan!i/ic ,aspiration to f9d ! ,"o 9 ! ,_m4 ,9 ! mood eng5d]$ by su* famili> exp]i5ces ( a holiday saunt]1 x may well occur to anyone to ?9k ) int]e/ & sympa?y ( ! poets & se]s :o1 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 fir/ d>$ to disc]n 9 ?is maze ( exi/5ce ! v>i$ expression ( "o all-embrac+ & et]nal ,life1 or ,p[]4 ,su* contemplations & speculations 7 entirely un9flu5c$ by any?+ :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 recognises z revelation4#b ,yet we mu/ n on t acc\nt suppose t !y 7 )\t religion1 or pret5d$ to expla9 any?+ )\t ref]5ce to sup]human be+s call$ gods & demons4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y1 = ! mo/ "p1 %>$1 subject to su* modifications z 7 imp]atively requir$ by cultivat$ common s5se1 ! beliefs ( _! native l&4 ,b ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! m5 & _! un?9k+ contempor>ies lay 9 ?is2 t ! =m] conceiv$ ( "o supreme & compreh5sive div9ity beyond ! rea* ( common ?\ght1 an ultimate & et]nal ,be+ :i* includ$ gods z well z nature )9 its unity4 ,s1 = !m1 ,indra1 ,zeus1 or ,jove 7 m]e modes ( ! "o ,be+ also manife/ 9 man & bird & tree4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,v$as & ,relat$ ,lit]ature4 ,e race possess+ ev5 ! rudim5ts ( culture has be5 impell$ by a happy in/9ct1 :i*1 if we l1 we may call inspiration1 to record 9 m or less p]man5t =m its exp]i5ce ( nature1 ( life1 & ( :at seem$ ! my/]ies ( bo?4 ,to ?is inspiration we owe ! sacr$ books ( ! ,jews4 ,b x is n[ g5]ally recognis$ t an impulse n :olly dissimil> also mov$ prophetic or poetic m9ds among o!r races1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! ,egyptians1 ! ,*aldaeans1 & ! ,aryan conqu]ors ( ,india1 to inscribe on papyrus or /one1 or brick or palm-leaf1 ! results ( exp]i5ce z int]pret$ by free imag9ation1 traditional habits ( ?\ght1 & limit$ k4 ,( ?is anci5t lit]ature a consid]able "p is tak5 up by ! my/]ies app>5tly involv$ 9 life1 conduct1 & dea?4 ,mo/ notably is ?is ! case ) ! anci5t ,indian lit]ature call$ ! ,v$as1 & su* sequels z ! ,upani%ads1 ,sutras1 &--mu* lat]--! ,bhagavad ,gt4 ,?is collection1 l our ,bible1 =ms a libr>y ( writ+s issu$ at v>i\s dates ext5d+ ov] mu* m ?an a ?\s& ye>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,indian ,pan!ism4 ,! =gott5 s+]s & prea*]s ( ?is prehi/oric wisdom 7 z mu* haunt$ z we ourselves are ) ! h>ass+ que/ions sugge/$ by s9 & sorr[1 by life & dea?1 & by aspirations aft] a high] /ate4 ,& _m1 p]haps we may say mo/ ( !m1 f\nd com=t 9 ! ?\ght t ess5tially !y belong$ to an all compreh5sive & inf9ite ,life1 9 :i*1 if !y act$ purely & nobly1 _! seem+ p]sonality might be m]g$ & f9d peace4 ,_! frame ( m9d 0 religi\s r ?an philosophical4 ,b _! philosophy 0 naturally con=m$ to x2 & 9 _! contra/ ( ! bewild]+ v>iety ( f9ite visible ?+s ) ! unity ( ! ,et]nal ,be+ ( :i* all are phases1 ^? anci5ts 7 9 close sympa?y ) ! ?\ghts ( ! mod]n m$itative saunt]] by field & riv] & wood4 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5ces betwe5 ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,conditions ( ,?\ght4 ,b ! enorm\s int]val ( "t sep>at+ u f ^? e>ly ,indian ?9k]s necess>ily involves v great diff]5ces 9 conditions ( ?\ght4 ,& we %\ld n be surpris$ if amid/ mu* 9 _! writ+s t /irs our sympa?y1 !re is also a great deal :i* is to u incongru\s & absurd4 ,!re=e1 x may be well be=e quot+ ^! writ+s to note "o or two po9ts m>k+ an almo/ incomm5surable diff]5ce betwe5 _! mode & ours ( reg>d+ ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 #a4 ,survival ,9 _! day ( ,feti%i/ic & ,animi/ic ,ideas4 #a4 ,fir/1 !y 7 mu* less remov$ ?an we are f ! influ5ce ( feti%i/ic & animi/ic traditions4 ,ev5 9 ! ,greek & ,roman classics ! casual read] is (t5 revolt$ by ! grossly absurd /ories told ( gods & h]oes4 ,&1 inde$1 x is impossible to conceive ( ! am\rs ( ,zeus 7or ,jove71 = in/ance1 ) ,l$a1 ,europa or ,dana z hav+ be5 fir/ conceiv$ dur+ an age m>k$ by ! poetic g5ius & comp>ative culture ev9c$ 9 ! mo/ anci5t epics4 ,b ! mo/ probable solution ( ! puzzle is t ! e>lie/ civilization inh]it$ a numb] ( animal /ories1 su* z are *>act]i/ic ( savag]y 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 & t ! fir/ lit]>y g5]ations into ^: poetic my?s ^? /ories 7 transf]r$1 be+ z mu* accu/om$ to !m z to o!r surr\nd+s ( _! *ildhood1 su* z bloody sacrifices1 my/ic expiations1 & fanta/ic initiations1 saw no incongruity 9 any?+ told !m ( ! gods4 ,besides1 z ^? wild my?s 7 associat$ ) sacr$ rites1 ! invet]ate cons]vatism ( religion1 :i* insi/$ on /one knives 9 sacrifices long aft] bronze & iron came 91 0 likely en\gh to ma9ta9 ! div9e importance ( ^? fables1 j z ! hi/oricity ( ,balaam's ass & ,jonah's :ale is 9 "s *ur*es pi\sly upheld /ill4 ,sid5ote3 #b4 ,anci5t ,ignorance ( ,natural ,ord]4 #b4 ,9 ! times f :i* ! fir/ kn[n ,pan!i/ic tea*+ dates1 ideas ( nature's ord] 7 incongru\s & inde$ incomm5surable ) ours4 ,n t ! _w 0 !n reg>d$ z a *aos4 ,b su* ord] z exi/$ 0 consid]$ to be a k9d ( balance ( p[] betwe5 v>i\s unse5 be+s1 "s good1 "s evil1 "s indiff]5t4 ,true1 "s ,indian prophets project$ an idea ( ,"o ,et]nal ,be+ includ+ all su* veil$ ,pr9cipalities & ,p[]s4 ,b _! ,pan!ism 0 necess>ily condition$ by _! ignorance ( natural ph5om5a4 ,9 fact1 an irr$ucible inconsi/5cy m>r$ _! view ( ! _w4 ,= :ile _! ,pan!ism %\ld h taught !m to ?9k ( a univ]sal life or en]gy z work+ )9 all ?+s1 _! !ological habit ( m9d b\nd !m to ! incongru\s notion ( devils or deities m\ld+1 or at lea/ rul+1 matt] f )\t4 ,&1 inde$1 ! ne>e/ approa* !y made to ! m g5u9e ,pan!ism ( mod]n times 0 ! conception ( a _w emanat+ f & project$ outside ,brahma1 to be re-m]g$ 9 him aft] ! lapse ( ages4 ,n[1 if ,i am "r 9 my def9ition ( ,pan!ism z absolutely id5tify+ ,god ) ! ,univ]se1#c s t1 9 fact1 !re _c be any?+ b ,god1 ! inconsi/5cy "h not$ mu/ be reg>d$ z fatal to ! g5u95ess ( ! ,indian or inde$ ( any o!r anci5t ,pan!ism4 ,= ! defect prov$ dur+ _m c5turies to be incurable1 & 0 n inde$ fully remov$ until ,sp9oza's "t4 ,sid5ote3 #c4 ,abs5ce ( ,def9ite ,cre$s4 #c4 ,ano!r diff]5ce betwe5 anci5t ,pan!i/s & ourselves 0 ! abs5ce 9 _! case ( any religi\s cre$1 sanction$ by sup]natural au?ority & embodi$ 9 a def9ite =m1 l t ( ! ?ree ,anglican cre$s1 or ! ,we/m9/] ,confession ( ,fai?4 ,n t ^? anci5ts suppos$ !mselves to be )\t a revelation4 ,= ! ,v$as1 at lea/1 7 consid]$ to be ( div9e au?ority1 & _! words1 metres1 & gramm> 7 reg>d$ ) a sup]/iti\s awe1 su* z rem9ds u ( :at has be5 call$ ! bibliolatry ( ! ,jewi% ,rabbis4 ,b subject to ?is v]bal v5]ation1 ! ,ri%is1 or le>n$ div9es1 us$ ! utmo/ fre$om 9 reg>d to ! =c$ & fanciful int]pretations extort$ f ! sacr$ text1 a fre$om :i* aga9 rem9ds u ( ! p>adoxical caprice %[n by "s s*ools ( ,jewi% ,rabbis 9 _! treatm5t ( ! volume !y pr(ess$ to reg>d ) awe4 ,! v>i\s f9ite gods1 su* z ,vi%nu1 ,indra1 ,kri%na1 ,m>ut1 or ,v>una1 7 n ! subjects ( any *ur* cre$ *ant$ e day1 & c>efully /]eotyp$ 9 ! t5d] m9ds ( *ildr54 ,on ! contr>y1 v>i\s rles 7 assign$ by successive g5]ations to ^! div9ities4 ,s t1 = in/ance1 ,v>una 0 at "o "t ! god ( ! ocean1 & at ano!r ( ! sky4 ,b ! uni=m t5d5cy ( all poets & ,ri%is alike 0 to seek1 beyond all ^! gods1 "o unbeg9n+1 un5d+1 & all compreh5sive ,be+1 f :om ^! devas em]g$1 & into :om !y mu/ return4 ,n only s1 b x is cle>ly sugge/$ 9 _m passages1 ( :i* an in/ance w pres5tly be quot$1 t ! ,et]nal1 call$ ,brahma :o 0 ! true ,self ( all gods1 0 also ! true ,self ( man & bird & bea/4 ,s t1 9 fact1 not)/&+ ! illogical emanation !ory1 ,he 0 ! only real ,be+1 ! ,all 9 ,all4 ,sid5ote3 ,illu/ration f ! ,upani%ads4 ,sid5ote3 ,monism4 ,?us1 "o section ( ! ,kh&ogya ,upani%ad#d consi/s entirely ( in/ructions giv5 by a fa!r1 ,uddlaka1 to 8 son1 ,svetaketu1 :o _h gone ?r\gh ! ord9>y c\rses ( /udy 9 ! ,v$as1 b :o1 9 ! fa!r's view1 _h fail$ to rea* ! true significance ( life4 ,accord+ly1 ,uddlaka inquires3 ,h y ev] ask$ = t in/ruction by :i* we he> :at _c be he>d1 by :i* we p]ceive :at _c be p]ceiv$1 by :i* we "k :at _c be kn[n8#e ,! y\?1 m accu/om$ ?an we are to tea*+ by p>adox1 expresses no surprise at ?is mode ( putt+ ?+s1 b simply asks3 ,:at is t in/ruction1 sir8 ,! fa!r !n proce$s to give an explanation ( :at 9 ^! days is call$ ,monism1 t is1 ! absolute s+l5ess ( ultimate ,be+1 & traces all t is1 or seems to be1 up to "o ultimate ,ess5ce4 ,n[1 :e!r 9 ! =m giv5 by ,uddlaka to 8 exposition1 8 !ory c prop]ly be call$ ,pan!ism1 accord+ to ! def9ition ( x assum$ above1 is p]haps que/ionable4 ,b t x 0 int5d$ to be ,pan!ism !re c be no d\bt4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 says ,uddlaka1 !re 0 t only :i* is 7,greek3 to hon72 "o only1 )\t a second4 ,o!rs say1 9 ! beg9n+ !re 0 t only :i* is n 7,greek3 to mae hon72 "o only1 )\t a second2 & f t :i* is n1 t :i* is 0 born4 ,b ,uddlaka rejects ?is latt] doctr9e z un?9kable--:i*1 inde$1 _m explor]s ( ,hegel h f\nd ) pa9 & angui% ( m9d4 ,& !n ! fa!r traces all ! multi=mity ( ! ,univ]se to ! desire or w ( ! orig9al ,"o1 t :i* is4 ,sid5ote3 ,evolution f ! ,"o ?r\gh ,desire4 ,x ?\ght1 'may ,i be _m2 may ,i gr[ =?4' ,x s5t =? fire4 ,my limits d n all[ me to quote fur!r ! fanta/ic acc\nt giv5 ( ! f>!r process by :i* wat] & e>?1 plants1 animals1 & m5 sprang out ( t desire ( ! ,"o3 ,may ,i become _m2 may ,i gr[ =?4 ,= our purpose x is m important to %[ t 9 ! view ( ,uddlaka--h[ev] inconsi/5tly he may express himself--! orig9al ,"o 0 nev] really divid$1 b rema9s ! true ,self ( e f9ite be+1 h[ev] app>5tly sep>ate4 ,?us1 consid] ! foll[+ dialogue1 ! fir/ words be+ a direction ( ! fa!r1 ,uddlaka3-- ,fet* me f !nce a fruit ( ! ,nyagrodha tree4 ,"h is "o1 sir4 ,break x4 ,x is brok51 sir4 ,:at d y see !re8 ,^! se$s1 almo/ inf9itesimal4 ,break "o ( !m4 ,x is brok51 sir4 ,:at d y see !re8 ,n any?+1 sir4 ,! fa!r said3 ,my son1 t subtile ess5ce :i* y d n p]ceive !re1 ( t v ess5ce ?is great ,nyagrodha tree exi/s4 ,believe x1 my son4 ,t :i* is ! subtile ess5ce1 9 x all t exi/s has itself4 ,x is ! ,true4 ,x is ! ,self2 & ?\1 ,o ,svetaketu1 art x4 ,"h we are cle>ly taught t ! self1 or inmo/ reality ( e p]son & ?+ is ! ,et]nal ,"o1 or ,brahma1 or ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,illu/ration f ! ,bhagavad ,gt4 ,! same doctr9e is taught 9 a m advanc$ =m by ! poem call$ ! ,bhagavad ,gt1 ! date ( :i* is probably m ?an a ?\s& ye>s lat] ?an t ( ! ,upani%ad j quot$4 ,9 ?is poem1 ,kri%na1 inc>nate = ! nonce z ,arjuna's *>iote]1 reveals = a special purpose 8 id5tity ) ,brahma1 ! ,et]nal ,all2 & ,arjuna1 :5 suffici5tly in/ruct$ adores him ?us3-- ,o inf9ite ,"l ( ,gods6 ! _w's abode1 ,?\ undivid$ art1 o'er all supreme4 ,?\ art ! fir/ ( ,gods1 ! anci5t ,sire1 ,! treasure-h\se supreme ( all ! worlds4 ,! ,kn[+ & ! ,kn[n1 ! highe/ seat4 ,f ,!e ! ,all has sprung1 ,o b\ndless ,=m6 ,v>una1 ,vayu1 ,agni1 ,yama ?\1#f ,! ,moon2 ! ,sire & ,gr&sire too ( m54 ,! ,inf9ite 9 p[]1 ( b\ndless =ce1 ,! ,all ?\ do/ embrace2 ! ,?\ art ,all4#g ,sid5ote3 ,omission ( ,buddhism4 ,^! illu/rations mu/ suffice = ,indian ,pan!ism4 ,because1 ) ,buddhism we h no?+ to d4 ,=1 accord+ to its able/ ,european expon5t 7,pr(essor ,t4,w4 ,rhys ,davids71 t sy/em ( religion simply ignor$ ! conception ( an ,all 9 ,all4 ,& ?is n at all on philosophical gr\nds1 b because its aims 7 entirely practical4 ,= ! aim ( its f\nd] 0 to %[ m5 h[ by a virtu\s life1 or lives1 !y might at la/ atta9 annihilation--or1 at any rate1 ! ext9ction ( ! individual self1 ! app>5t sep>at5ess ( :i* 01 9 8 view1 ! s\rce ( all mis]y4 ,& if he c\ld tea* 8 foll[]s to atta9 t salvation1 he 0 entirely indiff]5t z to ! op9ions !y might hold ab\t ! ultimate nature ( ! _w1 provid$ only t !y did n fall into any h]esy :i* proclaim$ an immortal s\l4#h ,sid5ote3 ,p]sian ,religions1 n /rictly ,pan!i/ic4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,_w ,drama or ,process is a ,human1 n a ,div9e ,aspect ( ,?+s4 ,! acc\nts giv5 to u by ! be/ au?orities on ,zoroa/] & ,p>seeism sc>cely ju/ify u 9 ?9k+ ! religion ( ! ,z5dave/a to be ,pan!i/ic 9 our s5se ( ! t]m4 ,= ?\gh x w\ld appe> t ,ormuzd 7or ,ahuramazda71 ! ,god ( light & goodness1 orig9at$ 91 or 0 born f & "o ) a nameless imp]sonal ,unity1 su* z may answ] to ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s ,unkn[able1 x _c be accurately said t1 accord+ to ! ,p]sian view ( ! _w1 !re is no?+ b ,god4 ,=1 to say no?+ ( ! app>5tly indep5d5t exi/5ce ( ! pr9ciple ( d>kness & evil call$ ,ahriman1 ! relation ( ! ,am%asp&s1 or supreme spirits1 & ( ! ,iz$s1 or second>y spirits1 z well z ( ! ,f]eurs1 or div9e ideas to ! imp]sonal ,unity1 seems to be r t ( emanations1 ?an p>ts ( a ,:ole4 ,aga91 if x be true t1 accord+ to ! ,z5d ,ave/a1 ! conflict ( light & d>kness w ultimately cease1 & ,ahriman ) 8 demons be annihilat$1 x is obvi\s t ?is implies a beg9n+ & an end1 ) a process orig9at+ 9 ! "o1 & consummat$ 9 ! o!r4 ,b su* a process1 ?\gh mo/ actual on ! f9ite scale1 & joyfully or pa9fully real to u1 contemplat+1 z we d only inf9itesimal p>ts ( ! ,univ]se1 & always "u ! =ms ( "t & space1 is yet incongru\s & incomm5surate ) ! ?\ght ( "o ,all 9 ,all1 unlimit$ by "t or space1 & ^: lifetime is an ,et]nal ,n[4 ,?us true ,pan!ism takes ! ,univ]se1 z x is1 9 its inf9ity2 reg>ds x z )\t beg9n+ or end2 & wor%ips x4 ,n t ,pan!ism d5ies ! exi/5ce ( evil or is unmov$ by ! /ruggle betwe5 evil & good1 or is un9spir$ by fai? 9 ! reit]at$ triumph ( good :]ev] ! local conflict arises4 ,b x insi/s t evil is relative to ! f9ite p>ts ( ! ,univ]se 9 _! suppos$ isolation1 & _c possibly affect ! ,et]nal ,all4 ,x all[s ( no creation or emanation :i* w\ld put any "p ( ! wondr\s ,:ole 9 opposition to1 or sep>ation f1 ! ,et]nal4 ,b f its po9t ( view all *ange1 evolution1 progress retrogression1 s91 pa91 or any o!r good or evil is local1 f9ite1 p>tial2 :ile ! inf9ite coord9ation ( su* inf9itesimal movem5ts make "o et]nal peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,pan!ism 9 ,anci5t ,egypt ,sid5ote3 ,p]man5t ,effects ( ,prehi/oric ,animism4 ,sid5ote3 ,isis1 accord+ to ,plut>*4 ,egyptian ,religion ne$ n deta9 u4 ,= ?\gh1 !re are cle> traces ( ,pan!i/ic speculation among ! ,prie/s1 x c sc>cely be cont5d$ t su* speculations _h ! same influ5ce on ! cultur$ laity z ! tea*+ ( ! ,ri%is _h 9 anci5t ,india4 ,b ! tru? seems to be t ! olde/ popul> !ology ( ,egypt 0 only a v>iety ( ,negro animism & feti%ism4#i ,yet ^! grovell+ sup]/itions1 z is (t5 ! case1 evolv$ 9 unbrok5 cont9uity a high] fai?4 ,=1 9 ! attempt made to adapt ?is savage cult to ! religi\s ne$s ( v>i\s di/ricts1 all alike gradually advanc+ 9 culture1 ! numb] & v>iety ( div9ities became s bewild]+ to ! prie/s1 t ! latt] almo/ inevitably adopt$ ! device ( recognis+ 9 p>o*ial gods only s _m h9ts ( "o all-compreh5sive div9e en]gy4 ,n t !y ev] embrac$ mono!ism--or ! belief 9 "o p]sonal ,god di/9ct f ! ,univ]se4 ,b if ,plut>* be accurate--z !re seems no reason to d\bt1 9 8 record ( an inscription 9 a temple ( ,isis--!y1 or at lea/ ! mo/ spiritual ( !m1 f\nd refuge 9 ,pan!ism4 ,= ! transfigur$ & glorifi$ goddess 0 n reg>d$ z ! mak] ( ! ,univ]se1 b z id5tical ) x1 & !re=e unkn[able1 ,i am all t ha? be51 is1 or %all be2 & no mortal has lift$ my veil4 ,! preval5ce ( su* ,pan!ism1 at lea/ among ! le>n$ & spiritual ( anci5t ,egypt1 is1 to a consid]able ext5t1 confirm$ by o!r ,greek writ]s besides ,plut>*4 ,b ! inscription not$ by ,plut>* gives ! sum & sub/ance ( :at !y tell u4 ,sid5ote3 ,greek ,pan!ism ,sid5ote3 ,evolv$ f ,poly!ism ,be=e consid]+ ! classical & ,neo-platonic ,greek speculations commonly reg>d$ z ,pan!i/ic1 we may d well to recall to m9d ! imm5se diff]5ce betwe5 ! e/abli%$ habit ( !ological ?\ght 9 our day1 & ! vague1 or at be/1 poetically vivid ideas ( ! anci5ts4 ,= ! long tradition ( ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s1 :i* has made mono!ism to u almo/ z fix$ an assumption z t ( our own individuality1 0 entirely want+ 9 ?is case4 ,n t ! idea ( "o supreme ,god _h nev] be5 sugge/$4 ,b x 0 n ! ,hebrew or ,*ri/ian idea t 0 occasionally prop\nd$2 = 9 ! e?nic m9d x 0 r>ely1 if ev]1 reg>d$ z inconsi/5t ) poly!ism2 & consequ5tly x v]g$ on ,pan!ism4 ,consequ5tly1 ,i say1 because su* mono!ism z exi/$ _h necess>ily to expla9 ! innum]able m9or deities z emanations f1 or manife/ations ( ! supreme ,god4 ,& ?\gh su* consci\s attempts at reconciliation ( beliefs 9 _m gods & 9 "o ,supreme 7 conf9$ to a small m9ority ( m$itative prie/s & speculative philosoph]s1 yet really1 ! comb9ation 0 implicit 9 ! sort ( poly!i/ic religion :i* possess$ ! family affections & patriotic associations ( ! e>ly ,greek _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,n ! ,mat]ial ,figure b ! ,div9ity ,sugge/$ 0 ! ,object ( ,wor%ip4 ,= ?\gh we may f9d a difficulty 9 ridd+ ourselves ( a prejudice wr\ght into ! tissue ( our e>ly fai? by ! nurs]y lessons ( *ildhood1 x 0 n ! grav5 or molt5 image :i* 0 really wor%ipp$ by ! dev\t1 b t =m ( sup]human p[] :i*1 by local accid5t1 _h be5 id5tifi$ ) ! idol4 ,if1 inde$1 we suppos$ e idolator to h receiv$ def9ite religi\s tea*+1 analog\s to t ) :i* we ourselves 7 imbu$ 9 y\?1 we might well f9d 8 attitude inconceivable4 ,b he _h no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,he only knew t 9 w>1 9 hunt+1 9 fi%+1 9 f>m+1 he 0 confront$ ) p[]s :i* pass$ 8 compreh5sion2 & tradition p]meat$ him ) ! expectation t su* p[]s w\ld be propitiat$ by 8 wor%ip ( ! images set up 9 _! names4 ,!re 0 !re=e no reason$ cre$1 su* z ^? ( ! ,ca?olic & ,re=m$ ,*ur*es1 b only a vague s5tim5t br\ght to a focus by ! associations ( ! %r9e4 ,f su* a view ( poly!ism x is easy to und]/& h[ mo/1 if n all1 ( ! old speculative philosoph]s c\ld all[ ! exi/5ce ( ! traditional gods1 ev5 :ile 9 reason$ contemplation !y saw t all deities 7 subord9ate to & m]g$ 9 "o univ]sal ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,possible ,influ5ce ( ,ori5tal ,pan!ism4 ,h[ f> ?is un/able religi\s position 0 subject to ! influ5ce ( ! ori5tal my/icism at :i* we h glanc$ already1 is1 at any rate1 s f> z conc]ns ! classical age ( ,greek philosophy1 a matt] ( conjecture4 ,b ! resurrection ( a prehi/oric & almo/ =gott5 civilization f ! buri$ cities ( ,crete has br\ght to light _m evid5ces ( frequ5t int]c\rse1 two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 betwe5 ,european & ,egyptian1 or ,asiatic1 c5tres ( life4 ,!re=e1 we may well believe t dur+ ! e>lie/ /ages ( ! evolution ( ?\ght 9 ,ea/ & ,we/1 x 0 z impossible z at ! pres5t "t = any local s*ool ( ?9k]s to be absolutely orig9al or indep5d5t4 ,?us1 lat] ,greek philosoph]s1 :e!r !mselves )9 s\nd ( ! e*oes ( ,h9doo tea*+ or n1 may v well h gr[n up 9 an atmosph]e impregnat$ ) my?ic g]ms1 ^: orig9 !y did n "k4 ,b h[ev] t may be1 ,greek ,pan!ism1 :ile x _h _m po9ts ( contact ) ,ea/]n speculation1 0 m purely intellectual & less ess5tially religi\s ?an ! ,pan!ism ( ! ,v$as1 or ! solemn dream t haunt$ ,egyptian temples4 ,= :ile ! aspiration ( ,h9doo ,pan!i/s 0 to f9d & assume ! "r attitude t[>d ! glory ( ! sum ( ?+s1 ! ,greeks1 z ,/4 ,paul long aft]w>d said1 s\ght aft] wisdom1 & 7 fasc9at$ by ! idea ( trac+ all ! bewild]+ v>iety ( ,nature up to "s "o pr9ciple 7,greek3 ar*71 beg9n+1 orig94 ,sid5ote3 ,?ales1 ab\t #fdj ,b4,c4 ,?us ,?ales ( ,miletus1 dur+ ! late sev5? & e>ly six? c5tury ,b4,c41 is said to h be5 satisfi$ :5 he f\nd 9 wat]--or moi/ure--! ultimate pr9ciple out ( :i* all ?+s & all life1 includ+ gods & m51 7 evolv$4 ,) su* a speculation ( infant philosophy we are "h n conc]n$1 except to say t x 0 n ,pan!ism z und]/ood 9 mod]n times4 ,= :ile 8 able/ expon5ts admit t no suffici5t evid5ce is left to %[ v cle>ly :at he meant1 !re seems no reason = suppos+ t to him ! ,univ]se 0 a ,liv+ ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,successors ( ,?ales4 ,x w\ld be fruitless to relate h[ successors ( ,?ales v>i$ 8 !ory ( an ultimate pr9ciple1 by sub/itut+ air or fire = wat]4 ,b x is wor? :ile to note t ano!r citiz5 ( ,miletus1 ,anaxim&]1 aft] an int]val ( "s =ty ye>s1 pron\nc$ t ! beg9n+1 ! fir/ pr9ciple1 ! orig9 ( all ?+s1 0 nei!r wat]1 nor air1 nor fire1 b ! ,inf9ite 7,greek3 to apeae on74 ,& ?\gh ! be/ au?orities confess t !y _c be sure ( 8 mean+1 ?is may v well be because he anticipat$ ,h]b]t ,sp5c] by two & a half mill5niums1 9 ackn[l$g+ t all ?+s m]ge 9 "o & ! same ,unkn[able4 ,b1 s f> z our evid5ce goes1 he made no su* attempt z ! mod]n philosoph] did1 to p]suade ! religi\s in/9ct t ?is ,unkn[able c\ld supply ! place ( all ! gods4 ,sid5ote3 ,x5ophanes ( ,elea1 ab\t #egj to #dhj ,b4,c4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 ,pan!ism ,disput$ b well ,e/abli%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 ,religion4 ,! position ( ,x5ophanes1 :o1 t[>d ! latt] "p ( ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 migrat$1 app>5tly = political reasons1 9 fe> ( ,p]sian imp]ialism1 f ,colophon 9 ,asia ,m9or to ,elea 9 ,italy1 0 a little diff]5t1 &1 = our purpose1 m int]e/+4 ,= ! few fragm5ts :i* are un=tunately all t is left to u ( 8 philosophical poetry1 are /rongly sugge/ive ( ,pan!ism1 & ! int]pretation put ^u !m by lat] classical & sub-classical writ]s1 :o _h 8 works be=e !m1 w\ld appe> decisive4 ,true1 ! di/+ui%$ & enlight5$ s*ol>1 ,simon ,k>/51 :o1 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 f\nd a lab\r ( love 9 collect+ & edit+ ! rema9s ( e>ly ,greek philosoph]s1 deprecat$ su* a judgm5t4 ,yet1 :ile ! motives = 8 special plead+ 7 hon\rable1 see+ ! odi\s misrepres5tations ( ,pan!ism /ill preval5t 9 ! ,dut* s*ol>'s native l&1--misrepres5tations undissipat$ ev5 by ! spl5d\r ( ,sp9oza1--8 prote/ rema9s special plead+ /ill4 ,& he himself c&idly quotes at l>ge f an alleg$ "w ( ,ari/otle--possibly1 only a /ud5t's notes ( ! latt]'s lectures--& also f ,simplicius1 z report$ by ,!ophra/us 9 a comm5t on ,ari/otle's ,physics1 s5t5ces :i* describe ! sy/em ( ,x5ophanos z unque/ionably ,pan!i/ic4 ,f1 :i* description ,i ga!r t ! dev\t philosoph] reg>d$ ,god z ! only real ,be+1 includ+ all t 9 human language has be51 is1 & w be1 )\t beg9n+ or end1 liv+ & p]ceiv+ equally ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ,8 inf9ite ess5ce4 ,& if t ess5ce is comp>$ by ,x5ophanes to a sph]e1 nei!r b\nd$ nor b\ndless1 nei!r mov+ nor immovable1 ?is is only because few1 if any1 9 t age ( ! _w1 c\ld cont5t !mselves ) loyally accept+ ! limits impos$ on man by ! v nature ( ?+s1 limits :i* n[ compel u to own t1 :ile ! ,et]nal is m real ?an ourselves1 yet1 9 ! /rict s5se ( kn[+1 ,he is1 f an intellectual /&po9t1 ! ,unkn[able4 ,sid5ote3 ,ext5t ( 8 ,sympa?y ) ,popul> ,religion4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,pan!i/ic ,communion ,fea/4 ,?is ,pan!ism did n g5]ate 9 ,x5ophanes any arrogant disda9 = ! religion ( 8 "t4 ,=1 ?\gh he condemn$1 9 words (t5 quot$1 ! folly :i* suppos$ ! gods to h ! human =m1 s5ses1 passions & appetites1 he 0 yet glad to wor%ip ! div9e ,all z p>tially manife/$ 9 f9ite be+s--p]haps p]sonifi$ p[]s ( nature4 ,?us among ! fragm5ts ( 8 poetry =tunately pres]v$1 is "o exquisite gem1 a description ( a fe/ive repa/ 9 ! op5 air4 ,!re purity comes fir/1 symbolis$ by cle> floor1 clean h&s1 & spotless di%es4 ,^u purity waits beauty1 n 9 ! =ms desir$ by s5su\s passion1 b 9 g>l&s ( fl[]s & 9 delicate sc5ts4 ,! w9e is un/9t$1 yet temp]$ ) sp>kl+ wat]4 ,b1 le/ ! pl5tifulness ( bread & honey & *eese ^u ! lordly table %\ld eclipse ! highe/ sanctions ( human joy1 an alt> prom95t 9 ! fe/ive sc5e is heap$ ) (f]+s ( fl[]s4 ,!n ! fir/ note ( music is ! praise ( ,god1 a praise tak+ =m 9 blameless poetic my?s & holy ?\ghts4 ,9 su* a fea/ ! m9ds ( ! gue/s are k9dl$ ) a desire to be capable ( do+ "r4 ,!re is no h>m 9 dr9k+ ) reasonable mod]ation#aj2 & we may hon\r ! gue/ :o1 w>m$ by w9e1 talks ( su* noble de$s & in/ances ( virtue z 8 memory may sugge/4 ,b let him n tell ( ,titan battles1 or ^? ( ! giants or c5taurs1 ! fictions ( bygone days1 nor yet ( facti\s qu>rels1 nor gossip1 t c s]ve no good end4 ,r let u ev] keep a good consci5ce t[>ds ! gods4#aa ,sid5ote3 ,emp$ocles1 ,middle ( ,fif? ,c5tury ,b4,c4 ,sid5ote3 ,n ,prop]ly a ,pan!i/ ,hav+ giv5 s mu* space to an anci5t :o seems to me specially int]e/+ z a prophet ( ! ultimate apo!osis ( e>?ly religions1 ,i mu/ be cont5t to indicate1 9 a v few l9es1 ! c\rse ( ! ,pan!i/ic tradition among ! ,greeks aft] 8 day4 ,! ari?metical my/icism ( ,py?agoras has no be>+ ^u our subject4 ,emp$ocles ( ,agrig5tum1 liv+ ab\t ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 & ?us1 p]haps1 9 ! second g5]ation aft] ,x5ophanes1 01 9 _m respects1 a mu* m impos+ figure--clo!d 9 purple1 wield+ political p[]1 possess+ m$ical skill1 & ev5 work+ miracul\s cures1 su* z are app>5tly easy to m5 ( p]sonal impressiv5ess1 sympa?y1 & magnetism4 ,b he does n appe> to h s ne>ly anticipat$ mod]n ,pan!ism z did 8 humbl] pr$ecessor4 ,= ?\gh ! fragm5ts ( ,emp$ocles1 mu* l>g] 9 volume ?an ^? ( ,x5ophanes1 c]ta9ly h9t at "s k9d ( ev]la/+ on5ess 9 ?+s1 & expressly tell u t !re is no creation nor annihilation1 b only p]petual *anges ( arrangem5t1 yet !y pres5t o!r phases ( ?\ght1 app>5tly irreconcileable ) ! doctr9e t !re is no?+ o!r ?an ,god4 ,?us he tea*es t !re are f\r elem5ts--e>?1 air1 wat] & fire--out ( :i* all ?+s are g5]at$4 ,he also anticipates ,lucretius 9 8 pessimi/ic view ( humanity's lot2 & insi/s on ! app>5tly indep5d5t exi/5ce ( a pr9ciple ( discord or /rife 9 ! ,univ]se4 ,x w\ld be a =c$ int]pretation to suppose him to h set =? precoci\sly ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( ! /ruggle = life4 ,= 8 notion seems mu* m ak9 to ! ,zoroa/rian imag9ation ( ,ahriman4 ,aga91 he s+s melodi\sly1 b mo/ unphilosophically1 ( a =m] gold5 age1 9 :i* ! lion & ! lamb w\ld seem to h la9 d[n toge!r 9 peace2 & trees yield$ fruit all ! ye> r\nd4 ,at t "t ! only deity 0 ,v5us1 :o 0 wor%ipp$ ) bloodless (f]+s alone4 ,/ill1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 :e!r consi/5tly or n1 ,emp$ocles produc$ an elaborate "w on ! ,nature ( ,?+s1 to :i* ,lucretius makes eloqu5t & e>ne/ ackn[l$gm5ts4 ,b t v approval ( ,lucretius =bids u to reg>d ! old] poet z a ,pan!i/ 9 our s5se ( ! t]m4 ,= c]ta9ly to him ! ,univ]se _c h be5 a liv+ ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5esis ( ,mod]n ,religi\s ,pan!ism4 ,betwe5 ?is philosophical idea ( a ,on5ess1 n ?\ght ( z ,god1 & ! spiritual contemplation ( a univ]sal ,life ( :i* all ?+s are modes1 ! highe/ ?\ghts ( m5 hov]$ dur+ ! process by :i*1 9 "s measure "u extrane\s influ5ces1 ,greek speculation f9ally produc$ ,neo-platonism--or1 z we might say 9 ! curr5t phraseology ( our "t--a re/atem5t ( ,plato's tea*+4 ,( ?is s*ool1 aris+ 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian c5turies1 "s lead]s 7 und\bt$ly ,pan!i/s4 ,b we _c say ?is ( ,plato himself1 nor ( 8 ma/] ,socrates4 ,= ?\gh ^! great m5 7 m pr(\ndly int]e/$ 9 ! moral ord] ( ! _w ?an 9 any que/ions ( physical nature1 or ev5 ( metaphysical subtleties1 !y 7 nev] giv5 to ! k9d ( contemplation sugge/$ above 9 extracts f ! ,classical ,books ( ! ,ea/1 ! contemplation :i* educes ! moral ideal f unres]v$ subord9ation ( self to ! ,univ]se z ( ! "p to ! ,:ole4 ,d\btless ! inspiration imp>t$ by ,socrates to a disciple 9 m]e intellect 8 sup]ior1 & ! result+ moral & religi\s sugge/ions ab\nd+ 9 ! ,dialogues1 did mu* to impel ! curr5t ( religi\s evolution t[>d t spiritual aspect ( ! ,inf9ite ,all :i* fasc9at$ "s ( ! ,neo-,platoni/s1 & receiv$ its mo/ spl5did exposition f ,sp9oza4 ,b ! conditions impos$ by necess>y brevity compel me to pass by ^? classic names ) ?is ackn[l$gm5t1 & to ha/5 t[>d ! full] revelation ( ,pan!ism z a religion4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #b3 ,"s s*ol>s ?9k !y c trace ,*ri/ian1 influ5ces 9 ! exceptionally late ,bhagavad ,gt1 h]eaft] quot$4 ,b x is a disput$ po9t2 & c]ta9ly 9 ! case ( ! ,v$as & pre-,*ri/ian lit]ature aris+ out ( !m ev5 ,jewi% influ5ce 0 impossible4 ,footnote #c3 ,z imp]i\s brevity excludes full explanation1 ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) a ref]5ce to ,! ,religion ( ! ,univ]se1 pp4 #aeb-e4 ,london3 ,macmillan ,co4 ,footnote #d3 ,accord+ to ! late ,max ,mll]1 ) :om ,pr(4 ,t4,w4 ,rhys ,davids agrees1 ! ^w ,upani%ad is equival5t to our ^w sitt+ or session2 only t x is usually conf9$ to a sitt+ ( ma/] & pupil4 ,footnote #e3 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 vol4 i4 p4 #ib4 ,! imm$iately foll[+ quotations are f ! same ,upani%ad4 ,footnote #f3 ,! gods ( ocean1 air & fire1 & ! judge ( ! l[] regions respectively 7,rev4 ,john ,davies74 ,footnote #g3 ,! ,bhagavad ,gt1 translat$ by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,davies1 ,m4,a4 ,footnote #h3 ,! ,k>ma 0 n a s\l4 ,:at x 0 is1 accord+ to our au?orities1 v difficult = ! ,we/]n m9d to conceive4 ,b its practical effect 01 t on ! dea? ( ! imp]fect man1 ano!r f9ite exi/5ce ( "s sort necess>ily took 8 place4 ,b ?is new f9ite exi/5ce 0 n ! =m] man4 ,x is only on ! dea? ( him :o has atta9$ ,nirvana t ,k>ma ceases to act1 & no new f9ite exi/5ce takes 8 place4 ,footnote #i3 ,see ,pr(4 ,w4 ,max ,mull]1 on ,egypt1 9 ! ,encyc4 ,biblica4 ,footnote #aj3 ,capability ( walk+ home )\t help1 is ! limit qua9tly fix$ by ! poet4 ,to our mod]n feel+ x seems r wide4 ,yet1 practically1 x is ! limit pr(ess$ly obs]v$ by our publicans 9 s]v+ _! cu/om]s4 ,footnote #aa3 ,k>/51 ,x5ophanis ,reliquiae1 p4 #fh 7,am/]dam1 #ahcj74 ,bo? ! p>aphrase & occasional translations :i* ,i give are ( c\rse free2 b ,i ?9k ! _s & mean+ are pres]v$4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,po/-,,*ri/ian ,,pan!ism4 ,9 speak+ ( ,neo-,platonism ,i incid5tally m5tion$ its app>5t subjection to extrane\s influ5ces1 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 includ$ ! ris+ p[] ( ,*ri/ianity & its ,jewi% traditions4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,hebrew ,tradition4 ,ev5 be=e ! adv5t ( ! new revelation1 ! ,jewi% settlem5ts exi/+ 9 all great cities ( ! ,graeco-,roman _w excit$ int]e/ at any rate among s5tim5tali/s t\*$ by ! fasc9ation at t "t beg9n+ to be ex]t$ by ori5tal religions4 ,& ?is influ5ce ( ,jewi% traditions 0 mu* facilitat$ by ! exi/5ce ( a ,greek translation ( ! ,hebrew scriptures4 ,sid5ote3 ,its ,influ5ce on ,greek ,philosophy4 ,sid5ote3 ,to ,inspire ,devotion1 ,n ,solve ,problems4 ,n[1 :at ! ,hebrew tradition did = ,greek philosophy 01 ( c\rse1 n to fav\r its ,pan!i/ic tr5d1 :]e t exi/$1 b mu* m to conv]t su* semi-,pan!ism f a m]e intellectual speculation to contemplative devotion4 ,= ,hebraism itself _h become almo/ z int5sely mono!i/ic z ! lat] ,islam4 ,&1 ?\gh mono!ism may be a /age 9 ! progress ( religion f ,animism to ,pan!ism1 x may1 also1 by ! peculi> int5sity ( ! p]sonal devotion x sometimes inspires1 cause ! v idea ( any f>!r expansion ( fai? to be c\nt$ a s94 ,sid5ote3 ,philo1 ! ,jew ( ,alex&ria4 ,p]haps ! influ5ce ( ,hebraism on ,hell5ism may be illu/rat$ by ! ,alex&rian ,philo's pa!tic endeav\r n only to trace ! wisdom ( ! ,greeks to ,moses1 b to %[ t ?is d]iv$ lore is mu* mighti] = good :5 re-inve/$ ) ! spiritual p[] & ard5t devotion ( ! ,jewi% fai?4 ,if any "o w speak pla9ly1 he writes1#ab he might say t ! intelligible _w is no?+ o!r ?an ! ^w 7se4 ,greek3 logos1 reason7 ( ! _w-mak+ ,god4 ,= nei!r is ! intelligible city any?+ o!r ?an ! ?\ght ,greek3 logismos ( ! ar*itect already int5d+ to build ! city4 ,?is is ! tea*+ ( ,moses1 n m9e4 ,at any rate 9 :at foll[s1 :5 he records ! orig9 ( man1 he decl>es outright t man 0 made 9 ! image ( ,god4 ,b if a "p 7( creation7 reflects ! type1 s also mu/ ! entire manife/ation1 ?is intelligible ord]$ _w1 :i* is a reproduction ( ! div9e image on a l>g] scale ?an t ( man4#ac ,sid5ote3 ,motives ,und]ly+ 8 ,di/ortion ( ,hebraism4 ,sid5ote3 ,n ,pan!i/ic4 ,h[ ,philo manag$ to extort ?is out ( ! ,p5tateu* is a "q ( int]e/1 b "o on :i* ,i _c delay4 ,suffice x1 t :ile he ?us %[$ 8 rev]5ce = ! traditions ( 8 race1 8 :ole aim is to fire philosophy ) religi\s devotion4 ,b he 0 n1 9 any /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 a ,pan!i/1 ?\gh he reg>d$ ! ,logos z an emanation f ! ,et]nal1 & ! kosmos1 ! ord]$ _w1 z 9 "s way emanat+ f ! ,logos4 ,p]haps1 inde$1 if we c\ld exclude f emanation ! idea ( "t1 z ,*ri/ians are suppos$ to d :5 !y speak ( ! et]nal g5]ation ( ! ,div9e ,son or ! procession ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 we might reg>d ,philo1 ) ! succe$+ ,neo-,platoni/s & "s ( ! ,gno/ics1 z approximately ,pan!i/ic4 ,b 8 vagu5ess & unc]ta9ty ab\t matt] =bid su* a conclusion4 ,= :e!r he reg>d$ matt] z et]nally exi/+ ap>t f ! div9e sub/ance1 or :e!r he look$ ^u x z ! opposite ( ,be+1 z a sort ( positive no?+1 9 ei!r case1 x _c be said t = him ! :ole ,univ]se 0 ,god1 & no?+ b ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,neo-,platonism4 ,sid5ote3 ,resultant ( ,contact betwe5 ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,if ,i h giv5 m space to ! great ,alex&rian ,jew ?an my n>r[ limits ought to af=d1 x is because ,i ?9k ,i may ?us avoid ! necessity ( say+ mu* ab\t ! philosophic s*emes ( ! ,neo-,platoni/s1 ! phantasies ( ! ,gno/ics1 or ! occasionally d>+ speculations ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs4 ,= :e!r ! works ( ,philo 7 mu* /udi$ by ! ,greeks or n1 !y c]ta9ly describ$ ! spiritual resultant--s to speak--em]g+ f ! mutual impact ( ,we/]n & ,ori5tal1 especially ,jewi%1 ideas4 ,:i* resultant 0 9 ! air f ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian age2 & ! lat] epi/les ascrib$ to ,/4 ,paul1 z well z ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 %[ cle> traces ( x4#ad ,sid5ote3 ,its ,religi\s ,inspiration4 ,sid5ote3 ,sugge/ive ( ,pan!ism1 b n su* 9 ,sp9oza's ,s5se4 ,b ! inspiration ( ! "t-_s 0 n conf9$ to ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,= ! city ( ,alex&ria1 :]e t _s seems to h be5 peculi>ly pot5t z %[n 9 ! transfigur$ ,judaism ( ,philo1 0 ! bir?place ( ! ,neo-,platonic s*ool already m5tion$ above4 ,& among its greate/ memb]s1 su* z ,plot9us1 ,porphyry1 ,proclus1 ! religi\s influ5ce ( ! ,ea/ 0 di/9ctly app>5t4 ,true1 !y foll[$ ,socrates & ,plato 9 rev]5ce = k z ! unfail+ begett] ( virtue4 ,b _! speculations ab\t ! div9e ,be+ 7 t\*$ by ,ori5tal emotion4 ,& we may ) "s confid5ce believe t _! developm5t ( ! ,platonic ,tr9ity ow$ a good deal to ! rapid spread ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,?us ! s5tim5t1 ! f]v\r1 ! ye>n+ = salvation1 ! wor%ip & devotion taught by ! be/ ( ! ,neo-,platoni/s 7 n s mu*1 f ,a!ns z f ,s9ai & ,galilee4 ,yet1 ?\gh !re 7 9 _! _w-conception _m anticipations ( ! gospel ( ! ,god-intoxicat$ man1 :om ! c\nsels ( ! ,et]nal res]v$ = ! fulness ( times1 x w\ld sc>cely be accurate to describe ! sy/em ( any ( !m z /rictly ,pan!i/ic4 ,= !y 7 always tr\bl$ ab\t matt] z an anomal\s ?+ 9 a div9e univ]se1 & 9 treat+ ( x !y hesitat$ betwe5 ! notion ( an et]nal nuisance :i* ! ,demiurgus1 or act+ ,god1 c\ld only modify1 n de/roy1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 a /ra9$ !ory ( an evil no?+1 :i* is yet some?+4 ,aga91 s f> f realis+ ,sp9oza's fai? 9 ,god z s lit]ally ,all 9 ,all t !re is no?+ else b ,he1 !y w\ld n tol]ate ! contact ( ! ,inf9ite ) ! f9ite1 ( ,god ) ! _w4 ,consi/5tly ) su* prepossessions1 !y held ob/9ately to ! notion ( "s beg9n+1 & !re=e "s end+ ( ! ord]$ _w4 ,& ?is beg9n+ 0 effect$ by emanations su* z ! ,logos1 or1 z o!rs _h x1 ! _w-s\l & o!r div9e en]gies1 betwe5 ! ,et]nal & creation2 a phantasy :i*1 h[ev] poetically wr\ght out1 is n really consi/5t ) ,pan!ism4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,gno/ics4 ,su* ideas ( a hi]>*y ( subord9ate emanations to fill ! suppos$ abyss betwe5 ! ,inf9ite & ! ,f9ite 7 eag]ly adopt$ & develop$ by ! pseudo-philosoph]s call$ ,gno/ics1 on bo? sides ( ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! ,*ur* & ! ,_w4 ,suffice x t1 l mo/1 ?\gh by no means all ( _! pr$ecessors1 !y reg>d$ ! _w ( e>?1 sun1 planet1 />s1 & animat$ nature ) man at its head1 z ! :ole ,univ]se2 &1 assum+ t x mu/ h _h a beg9n+1 !y vex$ _! s\ls ) futile attempts to frame "s gradual transition f ! uncreat$ to ! creat$1 f ! et]nal to ! mortal4 ,! grotesque *ima]as eng5d]$ ?us are rememb]$ n[ only z illu/rations ( ! facile transition f ! sublime to ! ridicul\s & f philosophy to folly4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,*ur* ,fa!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,augu/9e4 ,! or?odox ,*ri/ian fa!rs 7 n less consci\s ?an ! ,neo-,platoni/s or ,gno/ics ( ! p]5nial problem ( ! ,_m & ! ,"o4 ,b !y 7 re/ra9$1 p]haps1 by ! fai? t comes ( self-control1 p]haps by m]e common s5se1 f indulg+ 9 attempts to connect ! ,inf9ite ) ! ,f9ite by va9 g5ealogies4 ,inde$1 = ! mo/ "p !y confess$ t :atev] light ! ,gospel might %$ on moral issues1 x left unt\*$ ! ultimate "q ( ! relation ( ! ,inf9ite to ! ,f9ite4 ,& ! only aspect ( _! mo/ v5turesome speculations :i* ,i ne$ recall is _! insi/5ce1 ev5 :5 app>5tly v]g+ t[>d ,pan!ism1 on a transc5d5t z well z an imman5t ,god1 t is on a ,creator exi/+1 s to speak1 outside ! ,univ]se & ap>t f x z well z p]meat+ e "p4 ,?us1 = example1 ,augu/9e w\ld seem to d5y to ! _w any sep>ate creature exi/5ce :5 he says1 t b = ! div9ity ev]y:]e 9 x1 creation w\ld cease to be4 ,b 9 8 insi/5ce on ! creation ( ! _w f no?+1 he directly contradicts ,pan!ism1 because he mu/ necess>ily be tak5 to mean t !re is n[ some?+ o!r ?an ,god4 ,t !re h be5 dev\t ,*ri/ians ^: my/ic speculations on ! relations ( ! s\l to ! ,et]nal logically involv$ ,pan!ism--if logic 9 su* a case _h any function--!re c be no d\bt4 ,b = mo/ ( !m ,god's ^w writt5 seem$ to confirm ,god's ^w 9 heav5 & e>? z kn[n to !m1 proclaim+ t !re _h be5 a beg9n+ & !re mu/ be an end4 ,!re=e1 :atev] might be ! imman5ce ( ! ,creator 9 ,8 works1 ,god c\ld n1 9 _! m9ds1 be id5tifi$ ) ! fa%ion ( ?is _w :i* passe? away4 ,yet ! "t 0 com+ :5 ! ,div9e ^w bo? 9 ,scripture & 9 ,nature 0 to be o!rwise read4 ,= m5 began to le>n t ! ,bible 0 o!r ?an !y _h suppos$ & ! ,univ]se immeasurably great] ?an !y _h conceiv$4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ab3 ,de ,mundi ,opificio1 p4 #e;,b4 ,i take him to mean by ,greek3 kosmos notos--! _w z app]ceiv$--realis$ 9 our consci\sness4 ,footnote #ac3 ,x %\ld be not$ t ,philo1 :o 0 contempor>y ) ,jesus1 (t5 uses ! title ! ,fa!r ,greek3 ho ,pata] z a suffici5t designation ( ! ,et]nal4 ,x 0 n v usual1 & is sugge/ive ( c]ta9 spiritual sympa?ies amid/ enorm\s intellectual div]g5cies betwe5 ! ,alex&rian philosoph] & ! ,galilean prophet4 ,footnote #ad3 ,see ,col4 i4 #ae-ag & refs4 ,john i4 #a-c2 iii4 #ac2 viii4 #eh4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,mod]n ,,pan!ism4 ,sid5ote3 ,sp9oza4 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,pan!i/ic ,prophet4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ma9 ,subject "h ,is 8 ,religion & n 8 ,philosophy4 ,mod]n ,pan!ism z a religion beg9s ) ,sp9oza4 ,:e!r x end$ ) him is a "q :i* ! future w h to decide4 ,b ! signs ( ! times are1 at lea/ 9 my view1 v cle>ly aga9/ su* a conclusion4 ,& among/ ! om5s :i* port5d immortality1 n necess>ily = ! philosophical s*eme1 b = ! ,god-intoxicat$ dev\tness ( 8 ,pan!ism1 is ! desire1 or r ! imp]i\s ne$ increas+ly realiz$1 = a religion emancipat$ f !ories ( creation or teleology1 intol]ant ( any miracle1 save inde$ ! wond]s ( ! spiritual life1 & satisfy+ ! he>t ) an ev] pres5t ,god4 ,= x is to be rememb]$ t ,sp9oza 0 ! fir/ ,pan!i/ :o 0 also a prophet1 9 ! s5se ( speak+ out ! div9e voice ( ! inf9ite ,univ]se to its human con/itu5t p>ts4 ,n t ,i w\ld m9imize ! religi\s f]v\r ( ! ,neo-,platoni/s3 x is _! ,pan!ism t seems to h be5 imp]fect4 ,b 9 ,sp9oza we h a man :o1 inh]it+ by bir? ! tradition--,i might ev5 say ! apo/olic succession--( ! ,jewi% prophets1 & gift$ ) an insight into ! consummation ( t tradition 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 0 driv5 by a comm&+ intellect to divorce ! spiritual life he priz$ f cre$s t _h become to him ,impossible1 & to en%r9e x 9 ! wor?i] temple ( an et]nal ,univ]se id5tical ) ,god4 ,x is n1 !n1 ) 8 philosophy t ,i am s mu* conc]n$ z ) 8 religion4#ae ,sid5ote3 ,8 ,orig9ality4 ,sid5ote3 ,relation to ,desc>tes4 ,x is giv5 to no man to be absolutely orig9al 9 ! s5se ( creat+ ideas ( :i* no g]ms exi/$ be=e 8 day4 ,b %ort ( su* an impossible indep5d5ce ( ! pa/1 ,b5$ict de ,sp9oza _h p]haps z mu* orig9ality z any man :o ev] liv$4 ,yet ) a mode/y ev] *>act]i/ic ( moral greatness1 he himself 0 dispos$1 at any rate dur+ 8 e>li] philosophical developm5t1 to exagg]ate 8 indebt$ness to ! philosoph] ,desc>tes1 ^: sy/em he labori\sly abridg$ 9 ! inappropriate =m ( a s]ies ( propositions suppos$ to be demon/rat$ aft] ! fa%ion ( ,euclid4 ,sid5ote3 ,fundam5tal ,diff]5ces4 ,sid5ote3 ,sp9oza ,disc>ds ,creator & ,creation1 ,sid5ote3 ,beg9n+ & ,end4 ,sid5ote3 ,takes ! ,univ]se z x ,is4 ,sid5ote3 ,& ,wor%ips ! ,/atic ,:ole z ,god4 ,b :atev] may h be5 ! esot]ic belief ( ,desc>tes ab\t creation out ( no?+ & ! !ological dogmas connect$ !re)1 he atta*$ too mu* importance to ! social & political functions ( e/abli%$ ecclesia/ical in/itutions to decl>e himself indep5d5t ( !m4 ,& ?\gh 8 submission1 signalis$ on 8 dea?-b$1 did n int]f]e ) ! free/ work+ ( 8 brilliant intellect )9 limits p]mitt$ to ! =m] ecclesia/ical s*oolm51 x did prev5t 8 frank realization ( ! et]nal on5ess ( all be+4 ,= x compell$ him to reta9 belief 9 a ,creator di/9ct 9 ess5ce f ,creation4 ,su* a belief ,sp9oza entirely reject$4 ,= ?\gh 8 ,natura ,naturans1 or ,nature ,active1 may 9 a mann] be call$ ! ,creator ( 8 ,natura ,naturata1 or ,nature ,passive1 ^! are consub/antial & co-et]nal1 nei!r be+ be=e or aft] ! o!r4 ,?us = him !re 0 no beg9n+ ( ! ,univ]se & !re c\ld be no end4 ,!re 0 no creation out ( no?+1 nor any om5 ( we>9ess1 decay1 or dea? 9 ! et]nal ord]4 ,he tea*es u 9 effect to take ! ,univ]se z x is1 & to pry into no suppos$ secrets ( orig9 or end1 an entirely gratuit\s lab\r1 impos$ by illusions aris+ out ( ! cont9u\s r$i/ribution ( p>ts ( ! ,:ole4 ,in/ead ( ?us sp5d+ our m5tal en]gy = n\ght1 he w\ld h u reg>d ! :ole ( ,be+ z "o ,sub/ance *>act]iz$ by innum]able attributes1 ( :i* ,ext5sion & ,?\ght alone come )9 our human cognizance2 :ile ea* ,attribute is subject to inf9ite ,modes or modifications1 :i*1 9 _! effect on ! two attributes kn[n to u--ext5sion & ?\ght--con/itute ! univ]se ( our exp]i5ce4 ,t inf9ite & et]nal ,sub/ance reveal$ by ,attributes & _! ,modes is ,god1 absolute 9 ,8 p]fections if ,he c\ld be fully conceiv$ & kn[n 9 all ,8 activities4 ,& ev5 to our ignorance ,he is entranc+ 9 ,8 gradual self-revelation1 z ) our inadequate ideas we pursue ! unatta9able f glory to glory4 ,sid5ote3 ,?is ,view ( ! ,univ]se appli$ to ,psalm civ4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! fir/ note we make ( ! gospel ( ,sp9oza4 ,b if any "o ?9ks t ! sacr$ ^w gospel is "h misus$1 & t su* tea*+ is fatal to piety1 let him turn to ! #ajd? ,psalm & read1 f ,sp9oza's po9t ( view1 ! cosmic vision ( ! ,hebrew se]4 ,true1 we c ?9k no long] ( ! sup]natural c>p5t] :o works on ! beams ( 8 *amb]s above1 or ( ! my?ical eng9e] :o digs deep 9 ! d>kness to lay ! f\ndations ( ! e>?4 ,= t is poetry1 appeal+ by concrete images to ! emotions4 ,b x does n b9d ! intellect to a lit]al int]pretation2 & we are no long] torm5t$ by va9 ef=ts to reconcile ) inf9ite impossibilities ! half-human p]sonality pres5t$ 9 poetic guise4 ,s t ! vision ( ! se] is n[ ! sugge/ion to u ( an inf9ite & et]nal ,be+1 ^: attributes by modification take ! innum]able %apes ( sun1 moon1 & />s1 & m\nta9s & riv]1 & tree & fl[]1 & bird & bea/1 & man4 ,& ! w9ds t sweep & ! floods t roll1 & ! rocky b>ri]s t /& fa/1 & ! riv]s t w9d among ! hills1 & ! trees t fl\ri% & ! liv+ societies t ga!r 9 fruitful places1 ! lab\r] 9 8 v9ey>d1 ! sailor 9 8 %ip1 all are 9 & ( ! "o ,et]nal ,be+4 ,yet we e*o n ) less1 b p]haps ) m rev]5ce1 ?an ! believ]s 9 a div9e artisan1 ! words ( ! ,psalmi/3 ,o ,"l1 h[ manifold are ,?y works6 9 wisdom ha/ ,?\ made !m all3 ! e>? is full ( ,?y ri*es4 ,b if ! ?und] & ! flam+ fire & ! sweep+ flood seem discordant1 !y exi/$ = ! ,psalmi/ z well z = u1 & !y d n seem to h tr\bl$ him4 ,at ?is po9t1 !re=e1 we ne$ only say t ,sp9oza's religion ( "o div9e ,sub/ance1 ^: unity 9 v>iety is holy1 ought to /ir )9 u ) n less f]v\r1 at lea/ ! _s ( ! ,psalmi/'s conclud+ pray]3 ,let ! s9n]s be consum$ out ( ! e>? & let ! wick$ be no m4 ,sid5ote3 ,sp9oza no ,mat]iali/1 ,sid5ote3 ,not)/&+ 8 ,attribution ( ,ext5sion to ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,criticism by ,sir ,f4 ,pollock4 ,sid5ote3 ,*anges ,9 ,!ories ( ,matt] s9ce ,sp9oza's "t4 ,sp9oza's ma9t5ance ( ext5sion z "o ( ! two inf9ite div9e attributes cognizable by u has1 ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( plausibility1 be5 urg$ z a note ( mat]ialism4 ,& ?is reproa* has be5 support$ by ref]5ce to 8 insi/5ce t 9 man ! body & ! s\l are only two diff]5t aspects ( ! same ?+2 = to him ! body is a f9ite ,mode ( ,god's inf9ite attribute ( ext5sion & ! s\l a f9ite ,mode ( ,god's inf9ite attribute ( ?\ght1 :ile bo? are manife/ations ( ! "o et]nal div9e ,sub/ance4 ,/ill1 if 9 any way we are to reg>d ,god z ext5d$1 x seems impossible to avoid ! inf]5ce t we reg>d ,him z id5tifi$ ) matt]1 or at lea/ ! possibility ( matt]4 ,sir ,fr$]ick ,pollock has admitt$ t ?is is a weak po9t 9 ,sp9oza's philosophy1#af & m>s its symmetry4 ,b1 be+ m conc]n$ )1 8 religion1 ,i am cont5t to po9t out t su* an objection 0 mu* m effective 9 ,sp9oza's "t ?an x is to-day4 ,= ! :ole tr5d ( philosophy dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 t[>ds a view ( ,ext5sion itself z a mode ( ,?\ght1 & !re=e t[>d ! absorption ( "o ( ,sp9oza's !oretical div9e attributes 9 ! o!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! ,effect on 8 ,sy/em4 ,n[ if ?is %\ld prove to be ! p]man5t t5d5cy ( ! mo/ influ5tial ?9k]s--z inde$ seems mo/ likely--x w probably be held t ,sp9oza 0 wrong 9 attribut+ ext5sion to ! ,et]nal z "o ( ! qualities ( ,8 sub/ance1 except 9 s f> z ext5sion is1 if n a necess>y1 at any rate an actual1 & s f> z we "k1 a univ]sal mode ( ?\ght4 ,b ?\gh1 z ,sir ,fr$]ick ,pollock has po9t$ out1 ,sp9oza has 9 a mann] c\nt$ ?\ght twice ov] :ile treat+ ( ! only two inf9ite attributes cognizable to u1 we ne$ n1 on t acc\nt1 surr5d] 8 lum9\s idea ( ,god z a ,be+ absolutely inf9ite1 t is1 ,sub/ance consi/+ ( inf9ite ,attributes1 :]e( ea* "o expresses et]nal & inf9ite be+4 ,nor ne$ we ab&on 8 supplem5t>y b ess5tial idea ( ,modes or modifications :i* m\ld ! attributes into ! v>ieties ( f9ite worlds1 kn[n & unkn[n4 ,?us x may be t1 9 ,sp9oza's s5se ( ! ^w ,attribute1 we %all h to confess t only "o comes )9 our human k51 t ( ,?\ght 9 a s5se :i* includes feel+4 ,b if ! late ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ap>t f 8 syn!tic philosophy ( ph5om5a1 has left any p]man5t m>k on ! religions consci\sness1 x has be5 by a consecration ( ! my/]y ( ! ultimate ,unkn[able4#ag ,& 9 ! _s ( rev]5ce ?us taught by him we may /ill hold ) ,sp9oza t ! ,et]nal has an inf9ity ( o!r attributes ) _! inf9ite modifications n )9 our cognizance4 ,?is w\ld only be an enl>g$ application ( ,hamlet's words3 ,!re are m ?+s 9 ,heav5 & ,e>?1 ,horatio1 ,?an are dreamt ( 9 y\r philosophy4 ,or1 to put x 9 ano!r way1 ! ,univ]se p]ceptible to u is only "o ( an inf9ity ( ,univ]ses4 ,by :i* is n meant an inf9ite ext5sion ( galaxies 9 space1 b ! co-exi/5ce &1 s to speak1 int]p5etration ( an inf9ity ( modes ( exi/5ce imp]ceptible to u4 ,sid5ote3 ,god ,is ,id5tical ) ! ,:ole ( ,be+4 ,to ,sp9oza1 !n1 ,god is ! totality ( ,be+4 ,b x is n to be inf]r$ t he id5tifi$ ,god ) ! visible1 or ) any conceivable ,univ]se4 ,= ei!r ( ^! mu/ fall f> %ort ( inf9ity1 & ! ,be+ ( ,god is inf9ite4 ,all ,i mean1 :5 ,i say t ,sp9oza id5tifies ,god ) ! totality ( exi/5ce1 is t he reg>ds ! deity z t ,p]fect ,be+ )\t beg9n+ or end1 ^: ess5ce x is to be1 & ( :om all t exi/s1 :e!r kn[n to u or n1 is sep>ately a p>tial1 & compreh5sively a p]fect expression4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 ,doctr9e ( ,man4 ,( m practical int]e/ to u p]haps is ,sp9oza's doctr9e ( man1 ?\gh x w\ld h be5 impossible to expla9 t )\t fir/ indicat+ 8 idea ( ,god4 ,9 8 view1 !n1 man is a f9ite mode ( ! two div9e attributes1 ext5sion & ?\ght4 ,?us bo? ! ext5d$ body & ! consci\s m9d h _! sub/ance & reality 9 ,god4#ah ,b ! ess5ce ( man does n necess>ily involve 8 sep>ate exi/5ce z ! ess5ce ( ,god implies ,be+4 ,( c\rse ! sub/ance ( man is imp]i%able because x is ( ,god's sub/ance4 ,nay1 !re is a s5se 9 :i* ea* man1 be+ an et]nal ?\ght ( ,god1 has an aspect t[>ds et]nity or exi/s sub specie et]nitatis4 ,b t is a tru? transc5d+ ! f9ite practical _w ) :i* we h to d4 ,sid5ote3 ,illu/ration by ! ,vortex ,!ory4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/9ction betwe5 ,man & ,bea/4 ,accord+ to ,sp9oza1 :at con/itutes ! real ess5ce ( ! human m9d is ! 7div9e7 idea ( a c]ta9 individual creature actually exi/+4#ai ,"h1 p]haps1 mod]n speculations ab\t ! con/itution ( matt] may help u--if we use !m ) due res]ve--to grasp ,sp9oza's notion ( a res s+ul>is 9 actu--or z x might be r5d]$ freely1 a creature ( individual functions1 = :at is call$ ! vortex !ory1 ?\gh z old z ,c>tesian philosophy1 has rec5tly fla%$ into sudd5 prom95ce4 ,& :e!r or no ! speculation be only a pass+ phase ( human ?\ght ab\t ! ,unkn[able1 x equally answ]s ! purpose ( illu/ration4 ,?us ! s-call$ e!r is suppos$ to fill all space2 & )9 x !re are imag9$ or inf]r$ innum]able t\rbillons or vortices1 :i*1 ?\gh p>ts ( ! indef9itely ext5d$ e!r1 =m by _! self-conta9$ motion little worlds 9 !mselves4 ,^! little worlds are by "s reg>d$ z ! atoms :i*1 by composition1 & diff]5tiation1 build up our palpable univ]se4 ,) ! possibilities ( su* a !ory ,i h no?+ to d4 ,b ! notion ( ! vortex 9 ! e!r may p]haps help u to a glimpse ( ,sp9oza's notion :5 he speaks ( a res s+ul>is 9 actu a creature ( individual functions4 ,= to him man 01 z x 71 an inf9itesimal vortex 9 a phase or attribute ( ! div9e ,sub/ance4 ,! analogy1 l all o!r analogies1 w\ld n be> be+ press$4 ,b x does sugge/ to u a picture ( f9ite individuality 9 action or function1 subord9at$ to unity ) inf9ite ,sub/ance4 ,if x be said t su* an explanation w\ld necess>ily include ! consci\s life ( bea/s & birds1 ! answ] w\ld seem to be1 t admitt+ ?is to be ! case1 yet 9 man ! div9e idea ( individuality is m fully express$ & has m ( reality ?an 9 any l[] creature4 ,sid5ote3 ,moral ,difficulties4 ,man1 !n1 accord+ to ,sp9oza1 is 9 ,god & ( ,god4 ,b :at are we to say ( bad m51 ! vile1 ! base1 ! li>1 ! murd]]8 ,are !y also 9 ,god & ( ,god8 ,sp9oza does n bl5*4 ,yes1 !y are4 ,b "h comes 9 8 doctr9e ( adequate & inadequate ideas4 ,?us1 if y see ! col\r r$ x completely expresses itself4 ,x _c be def9$ & ne$s no explanation4#bj ,z x is 9 ! ,inf9ite ,?\ght s x is 9 ours4 ,we h an adequate idea ( x4 ,b n[ if y see on an arti/'s canvas a splot* ( r$ & blue & yell[1 "p ( a "w only begun1 x gives y no adequate idea4 ,true1 y h an adequate idea ( ea* sev]al col\r1 b n ( _! relations to ! "w conceiv$4 ,to get t y w\ld h to ent] into ! m9d ( ! arti/ & see z he sees4 ,!n ! splot* ( col\r w\ld take its place z "p ( a h>moni\s :ole2 & w\ld give y an adequate idea j z x does to ! arti/4 ,sid5ote3 ,b ! ,univ]se ,is ,n an ,unf9i%$ ,picture4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is an ,et]nal ,:ole1 ( :i* a ,p>tial consid]ation is ,mislead+4 ,n[1 accord+ to ,sp9oza1 :5 we see ?+s z !y appe> 9 ,inf9ite ,?\ght we h an adequate idea4 ,b if we see only a compon5t elem5t 9 an idea--let u say--( ! div9e ,arti/1 !n our idea is inadequate4#ba ,h5ce we misjudge ?+s4 ,& ( ! "p play$ by bad m5 9 ! div9e ,:ole we c]ta9ly h no adequate idea4 ,b "h aga9 we mu/ be on our gu>d aga9/ ! abuse ( illu/rations4 ,= x is n to be inf]r$ t ,sp9oza reg>ds ! ,univ]se z an unf9i%$ picture1 ( :i*1 ! completion w ju/ify ! beg9n+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,univ]se is to him et]nal1 ! necess>y expression ( ! inf9ite attributes ( et]nal ,be+4 ,/ill ! analogy may help u4 ,= ! conc5tration ( att5tion on a s+le "p ( an ord]$ :ole may1 q z c]ta9ly z a glance at an unf9i%$ "w1 be ! occasion ( an inadequate idea4 ,9 effect1 ! sugge/ion is t if we1 l ,god1 c\ld contemplate ! inf9ite ,univ]se all at once1 & h an adequate idea !re(1 9 o!r words if we c\ld asc5d to ! self contemplation ( ! ,et]nal1 we %\ld h ! bliss associat$ by long habit ) ! words ( ! ,psalmi/3 ,i %all be satisfi$ :5 ,i awake1 ) ?y lik5ess4 ,su* bliss1 h[ev]1 is only approximately atta9able 9 mom5ts ( my/ic transport4 ,& :51 z 9 s _m exp]i5ces1 we see only 9 "p1 & h inadequate ideas1 fai? 9 ! ,et]nal ,:ole is ne$$ to keep u f blasphemy4 ,sid5ote3 ,doctr9e ( ,man ,resum$4 ,sid5ote3 ,f9al ,cause ,replac$ by ,idea4 ,sid5ote3 ,fre$om1 ,purity1 ,love4 ,) su* necess>ily brief h9ts z to ,sp9oza's attitude t[>ds evil1 ,i resume 8 doctr9e ( man--! individual creature z a c5tre ( action4 ,( f9al causes ,sp9oza w n he>4 ,b if in/ead ( ask+ :at is ! *ief end ( man1 we ask :at is ! idea ( man1 ,sp9oza answ]s t x is ! realization ( a mode ( ! div9e attributes1 ext5sion & ?\ght4 ,& if ?is %\ld seem unsatisfy+1 let x be rememb]$ t to ?is dev\t ,pan!i/ ! div9e attributes & _! modes 7 ! expression ( ! v sub/ance & life ( ,god4 ,n[ ) ext5sion1 = reasons already giv51 we ne$ n tr\ble ourselves except to say t at lea/ ,sp9oza's tea*+ w\ld sugge/ ! idea ( m5s sana 9 corpore sano4 ,because to him ! m9d 0 ! idea ( ! body1 & ! body ! object--n q 9 ! mod]n s5se--( ! m9d4 ,b z reg>ds ! human mode ( ! div9e attribute ( ?\ght1 ,sp9oza makes its ideal to be a life absorb$ 9 su* contemplation ( ! ,bless$ ,god1 ! inf9ite ,:ole1 z %all react on ! creature 9 inspirations ( fre$om1 purity & love4 ,sid5ote3 ,idea ( ,fre$om4 ,& fir/ z to fre$om1 ,sp9oza means by ?is n caprice1 nor ! mon/r\s miracle ( causeless action1 b indep5d5ce ( ext]nal =ce or ( any disproportionate & illegitimate passion4 ,! fre$om to :i* he aspires is ! fre$om ( ,god1 :o et]nally acts 9 accordance ) ! mutual h>mony ( ! :ole attributes ( ,8 nature1 n "o ( :i* cla%es ) ano!r4 ,s ,sp9oza's free man is "o 9 :om all aspirations & en]gies1 conv]g+ 9 "o resultant1 ! expression ( ! div9e idea1 move him 9 h>mony ) ! ,univ]se4 ,f su* a po9t ( view ! quibbles ab\t free w1 9 ! s5se ( causeless action1 cease to h any mean+4 ,= if ! good man says ,i c\ld h done o!rwise if ,i _h lik$1 ! obvi\s reply is1 ,yes1 b y w\ld n h lik$4 ,because ! w is n a sep>ate faculty1 b ! expression ( ! :ole nature1 z t exi/s at ! mom5t ( will+4 ,& ! only real fre$om is ! unimp$$ conglom]ate impulse to d "r4 ,b %\ld x be ask$ :at if ! resultant impulse ( ! :ole nature is t[>d wrong8 ! answ] is1 9 t case !re is no fre$om1 b a slav]y to "s ext]nal influ5ce or to a di/urb$ balance ( ! passions4 ,or if x be ask$ :at is "r8 t is a f> rea*+ "q to ! solution ( :i* ,sp9oza b5ds all 8 spl5did p[]s4 ,b limits ( space preclude me f say+ m ?an1 t 8 ideal ( "r w be f\nd con=mable to ! highe/ /&>ds ( ! mo/ spiritual religions4 ,sid5ote3 ,purity4 ,?is ideal ,i v5tur$ to symbolize r ?an def9e z purity4 ,= aft] all ! philosophic reason+ ) :i* x is no less lucidly ?an labori\sly work$ out 9 ! f9al book ( 8 ,e?ica1 ,conc]n+ ,human4 ,fre$om--! moral result ( all ?is intellectual ef=t is t same cleans+ ( ! s\l f va9 desire & t subord9ation ( ! e>?ly self to its div9e idea :i* we are taught 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,& :ile surely e "o b a fanatical anti-,*ri/ian mu/ all[ ! great] prophetic wor? ( ! ,galilean1 :o c\ld tea* ^! sublime lessons s t ! common p he>d him gladly1 x seems difficult to d5y to ! h]etic ,jew ( ! ,hague ! second rank among ! tea*]s giv5 to ! _w by t /rangely gift$ race4 ,= ?\gh he c\ld n speak to ! common p1 he left z 8 legacy to mank9d1 n s mu* a sy/em ( philosophy1 z an impregnable f\ndation = morals & religion1 available = ! "t n[ com+ ^u u--su* a "t z t sugge/$ by ! writ] ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 :5 he spoke ( ! remov+ ( ^? ?+s t are %ak51 z ( ?+s t are made1 t ^? ?+s :i* _c be %ak5 may rema94 ,no d\bt ,sir ,fr$]ic ,pollock is q "r 9 decl>+ t ,sp9oza w\ld h be5 ! v la/ man to desire any "o to become a ,sp9ozi/4 ,b t is q consi/5t ) ! inspir$ ,pan!i/'s inf9ite long+ to see all m5 bless$ by t inw>d peace :i* he prov$1 by 8 own h]oic exp]i5ce1 to be id5tical ) ! self-control conf]r$ & ma9ta9$ by dev\t contemplation ( ,god's all-compreh5sive ,be+ & our place !re94 ,if1 !n1 ,i reg>d purity z ! be/ symbol ( su* a moral ideal1 x is because ! ^w connotes1 toge!r ) fre$om f discordant passion1 a frankly uncon/ra9$ recognition ( ! simplicity ( our relation to ,god4 ,= surely :5 once ! self has made ! great surr5d]1 & becomes cont5t to be no?+1 t 9 ,/4 ,paul's words1 ,god may be all 9 all1 ! :ole problem ( life is inf9itely simplifi$1 9 ! s5se t no f>!r degree ( simplification is possible4 ,because all contradictions ( pa9 & evil & sorr[ are dissolv$ 9 t act ( surr5d]4 ,we mu/1 inde$1 recognize t to our inadequate ideas ! "t (t5 seems out ( jo9t4 ,b we ne$ n1 ) ,hamlet1 cry out on an impossible spite4 ,= :5 once x is he>tily & loyally realiz$ t n our p>tial lik+s1 b ! et]nal h>mony ( ! ,:ole1 is ! glory ( ,god1 we already anticipate ! peace ( absorption 9 ! ,inf9ite4 ,sid5ote3 ,love4 ,nor is ?is moral ideal )\t a sacr$ passion2 at lea/ to ord9>y m52 ?\gh x mu/ be confess$ t ,sp9oza1 9 ! /illness ( 8 sacr$ peace1 ignor$ ! ^w4 ,b he /ill held t ! l>g] our view ( ! ,univ]se & ( our communion !re)1 ! m we h ( ,god 9 u & ! m d we realize an intellectual love t[>ds ,him4 ,t ?is 9 8 case 0 no b>r5 s5tim5t1 b a g5u9e moral inspiration1 0 prov$ by 8 life2 = truly he endur$ z see+ ,him :o is invisible4 ,& x 0 n by faculties :olly want+ to small] m5 t he did ?is4 ,= ?\gh 8 intellect 0 9 "s respects almo/ beyond comp>e1 x 0 r by 8 self-subord9at+ contemplation t he 0 kept at peace4 ,inde$1 he knew f> less ( ! ext5d$ univ]se ?an our m5 ( sci5ce d1 & 8 doctr9es ( m9d & ?\ght are1 by indisputable au?orities1 reg>d$ z imp]fect4 ,b imag9+ :at ,god mu/ be1 c\ld we h an adequate idea n only ( ,8 ,be+--:i* ,sp9oza ?\ght he _h--b ( ,8 inf9ite attributes & _! modes--:i* ,sp9oza recogniz$ t he _h n--he decl>$ t love t[>d ,god 0 ! v highe/ good4 ,& x 0 supremely bless$ 9 ?is1 t x c\ld eng5d] no jeal\sy nor selfi%ness1 nor sect>ian zeal1 b r a l>ge-he>t$ *>ity :i* w\ld ga!r all mank9d into ! pres5t heav5 ( t love4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ae3 ,x is n )9 ! scope ( ! pres5t essay to give a life ( ,b>a* 7or ,b5$ict7 de ,sp9oza4 ,b = ! sake ( ^? to :om ! "w ( ,sir ,fr$]ick ,pollock is n easily accessible1 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s may be giv54 ,sp9oza 0 born 9 ,am/]dam1 ,novemb]1 #afcb1 ( a fairly prosp]\s ,jewi% family1 orig9ally f ,portugal4 ,he receiv$ ?or\gh in/ruction 9 ! language & lit]ature ( ! ,hebrews1 & 9 addition became a good ,lat9 s*ol>1 s f> z to write & correspond 9 t language4 ,he 0 e>ly int]e/$ 9 philosophy1 & especially attract$ = a "t by ! writ+s ( ,desc>tes4 ,by ! "t he 0 tw5ty-?ree ye>s old he 0 suspect$ ( h]esy1 & 9 8 tw5ty-f\r? ye> 7#afee7 0 cut (f f ! ,synagogue ) a frightful curse4 ,8 family dis[n$ him1 & = 8 ma9t5ance he turn$ to ! poli%+ ( l5ses1 a trade already le>n$ 9 accordance ) ! ,jewi% cu/om t e boy mu/ h a h&icraft4 ,:at he e>n$ w\ld h>dly be consid]$ a liv+ wage 9 ^! days4 ,b accord+ to ,col]us1 8 fir/ biograph]1 :o enquir$ ( ! h\sehold]s ) :om ,sp9oza lodg$1 8 day's ma9t5ance ( (t5 co/ no m ?an #d-a_/b;d4 ,v>i\s incid5ts prov$ 8 total indiff]5ce to money1 except z f> z ne$$ to provide ?+s hone/ 9 ! sight ( all m54 ,?\gh ( an amiable & sociable disposition he liv$ a solit>y life1 :ile n indispos$ to k9dly talk ) 8 humbl] neighb\rs4 ,he _h "s ( ! greate/ s*ol>s ( ! day among 8 correspond5ts4 ,he publi%$ b little dur+ 8 life1 leav+ 8 greate/ "w z a legacy to ! _w on 8 e>ly dea?1 at ! ,hague1 f consumption1 9 #afgg4 ,footnote #af3 ,x is to be obs]v$ t1 inasmu* z ,attribute is def9$ by ref]5ce to intellect1 & ,?\ght itself is an attribute1 ,?\ght appe>s to be 9 a mann]1 c\nt$ twice ov]4--,sp9oza3 ,8 ,life & ,philosophy1 by ,sir ,fr$]ick ,pollock4 ,second edition1 #ahii1 p4 #aec4 ,footnote #ag3 ,x is ( c\rse true t ,sp9oza consid]$ himself to h a cle> & adequate conception ( ,god4 ,b by ?is he meant only t1 z a philosoph]1 he _h an intuitive c]ta9ty ( et]nal & inf9ite ,be+4 ,s h all ( u humbl] mortals1 ?\gh we %\ld n h be5 able to express x = ourselves4 ,no "o supposes t = an indef9ite space ( "t or et]nity !re 0 no?+1 & !n sudd5ly !re 0 some?+4 ,b1 if n1 !n ev]yone recognises ) ,sp9oza ! fact ( et]nal ,be+1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 he saw :at ?is recognition meant1 z ! _m d n4 ,b :5 x comes to ! facts ( mortal imp]fections & ignorance1 ,sp9oza1 ) 8 !ory ( inadequate ideas1 is z ready z ,sp5c] to ackn[l$ge ! ,unkn[able4 ,footnote #ah3 ,i d n ?9k x necess>y 9 an essay ( ?is k9d to discuss ,sp9oza's !ory ( ! body z object ( ! m9d1 & ! m9d z idea ( ! body1 bo? be+ diff]5t aspects ( ! same ?+4 ,footnote #ai3 ,rei alicujus s+ul>is actu exi/5tis4 ,! ^w div9e does n occur 9 ,prop4 xi4 ,e?ices ,,ii41 f :i* ,i quote4 ,b x is impli$2 because ! m9d is only a mode or modification ( ! inf9ite attribute ( ?\ght1 :i* aga9 expresses ! et]nal ,sub/ance 9 ,god4 ,i v5ture a d\bt :e!r actually exi/+1 ?\gh adopt$ by su* au?orities z ,sir ,f4 ,pollock gives1 ) any di/9ctness1 ,sp9oza's mean+4 ,i may be wrong1 b ,i suspect t "o ( ! lat] uses ( actus1 z quot$ 9 ,ducange1 affect$ ,sp9oza's ,lat9ity4 ,?us sev]al ecclesia/ical writ]s are quot$ z us+ ! ^w 9 ! s5se ( (fice1 or function4 ,surely ?is w\ld suit ,sp9oza's def9ition ( ! m9d4 ,= he treats x z a c5tre ( ph5om5al activity amid/ ! inf9ite modes ( ! div9e attribute4 ,its app>5t individuality is a consequ5ce ( its spontaneity z a c5tre ( action--always und]/ood t ! spontaneity is consi/5t ) ! absolute et]nal ord] assum$ ?r\gh\t ! "w4 ,footnote #bj3 ,( c\rse ! pr(essor ( optics c tell u h[ _m vibrations 9 a second g to produce ! p>ticul> %ade ( col\r4 ,b ^! _c by any means be id5tifi$ ) consci\s p]ception2 & x is ) ?is only t we are conc]n$4 ,footnote #ba3 ,e?ices ,p>s ,,ii41 ,prop4 xi4 ,coroll>ium4 ,h5ce x foll[s t ! human m9d is "p ( ! inf9ite intellect 7?\ght7 ( ,god2 & accord+ly1 :5 we say t ! human m9d p]ceives ?is or t1 we only say t ,god--n 9 ,8 inf9ity1 b s f> z ,he is express$ by ! nature ( ! human m9d1 or1 s f> z ,he con/itutes ! ess5ce ( ! human m9d--has ?is or t idea4 ,& :51 we say t ,god has ?is or t idea1 n only s f> z ,he con/itutes ! nature ( ! human m9d1 b s f> z ,he has ! idea also ( "s o!r ?+ toge!r ) ! human m9d1 !n we say t ! human m9d p]ceives ! ?+ 9 "p1 or inadequately4 ,e4,g4 all races h naturally suppos$ e>?quakes & /orm1 battle1 murd] & sudd5 dea? to pres5t ideas id5tical 9 ! m9ds ( _! gods & ( !mselves4 ,b ,sp9oza's sugge/ion1 z ,i int]pret x1 is t ! true ,god has ! idea ( su* ?+s1 n only s f> z ,he con/itutes ! human m9d1 b z ,he includes ! ideas ( "s correlat$ ?+s to u inconceivable4 ,our idea is !re=e inadequate4 ,,aft]word4 ,sid5ote3 ,sp9oza's ,app>5t ,failure4 ,sid5ote3 ,p[] ( ,ecclesia/icism4 ,sid5ote3 ,id5tification ( ,moral ,int]e/s ) ,conv5tional ,beliefs4 ,not)/&+ ! admiration1 & ev5 rev]5ce1 )1 :i* ,sp9oza 0 reg>d$ by a few s*ol>s dur+ 8 life-"t1 x _c be said t dur+ ! c5tury foll[+ 8 dea?1 9 #afgg1 !re 0 any wide acceptance ( 8 ideas4 ,! times 7 n fav\rable4 ,= ! political & social p[] ( ecclesia/icism1 :e!r e/abli%$1 or une/abli%$1 compell$ m5 ( sci5ce & philosoph]s to treat dom9ant cre$s z consecrat$ gr\nd1 on :i* ord9>y me?ods ( rese>*1 reason+ or criticism c\ld n be pursu$4 ,9 say+ ?is1 ,i am f> f accus+ ^? illu/ri\s m5 ( ins9c]ity4 ,"s few ( !m1 inde$1 us$ a sort ( cryptic satire to excuse to !mselves an unwill+ con=mity4 ,b1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! moral pressure ( tradition & education compell$ enlight5$ m5 to id5tify ! doctr9es ( a p]sonal ,god1 ,creation1 ,fall1 ,r$emption & ,immortality ) moral int]e/s vitally ess5tial to human welf>e4 ,"u su* circum/ances a prud5t cons]vatism 0 inevitable4 ,sid5ote3 ,gradual ,spread ( ,sp9oza's ,influ5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,fi*te4 ,sid5ote3 ,hegel4 ,yet1 not)/&+ ^! re/ra9+ influ5ces1 ! ?\ghts brea!d =? by ! lonely ?9k] 7 z liv+ se$ waft$ abroad1 & fall+ "h & !re on good gr\nd1 g]m9at$ & br\ght =? fruit4 ,sometimes 8 influ5ce 0 ackn[l$g$1 sometimes x 0 repudiat$2 b x 0 !re1 nev]!less4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ,fi*te's idealism c\ld h tak5 ! =m x did _h n ,sp9oza prec$$ him4 ,hegel1 sett+ out on 8 great intellectual c>e] ) a resolve to def5d ! fai? once deliv]$ to ! sa9ts1 yet traces its roots to a philosophy ( ,be+ :i*1 at any rate1 looks v l ,pan!ism4 ,?is is p]haps delicate gr\nd to tread4 ,= if "o is ask$ :e!r "o und]/&s ,hegel1 "o is tempt$ to answ]1 l ! pi\s ,scot* lady :5 h] fri5ds enquir$ :e!r %e _h und]/ood ! m9i/]'s s]mon1 ,he*1 sirs1 d'ye ?9k ,i'd presume8 ,/ill1 n my own read+ ( him only1 b ,mr4 ,haldane's pr(\ndly int]e/+ int]pretations giv5 9 8 ,gif=d ,lectures1 make ! impression t ,hegel's et]nal process is always a projection ( subject z object & re-integration ( ! two4 ,& ?is goes on1 n only on ! inf9ite1 b on ! f9ite scale1 amid/ ! inf9ite numb] ( processes :i* con/itute ! ,:ole ( ,be+4 ,b ?is seems to leave no room = creation out ( no?+1 & x is to t ext5t pan!i/ic4 ,!re are d\btless sav+ int]pretations1 b x is difficult to foll[ !m2 & !y _c cancel ! initial po/ulate ( "o et]nal process1 consi/+ 9 ! relations ( inf9ite subject1 object & reunion4 ,on su* a sy/em ,i d n see h[ !re c be any?+ b ,god1 &1 !re=e1 not)/&+ 8 av]sion to ! "n1 c\nt ,hegel a ,pan!i/4 ,sid5ote3 ,goe! & ,wordswor?4 ,goe! & ,wordswor?1 9 _m inspir$ passages ( _! poetry1 e*o ! fai? ( ,sp9oza4 ,wordswor?1 ( c\rse1 9 ! reaction f 8 fir/ expectations ( ! new ord] t he hop$ to see arise out ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 0 ,incl9$ to magnify ! ,importance ( e/abli%$ religi\s c]emonies & cre$s4 ,b we _c suppose t he ev] rep5t$ ( 8 rev]5ce = ,nature z a div9e revelation4 ,& we may believe t he cont9u$ to reg>d 8 practically pan!i/ic visions z an insight into ! et]nal reality f :i* ! detail$ s*emes ( or?odox !ology 7 project$4 ,sid5ote3 ,s*lei]ma*]4 ,t ,s*lei]ma*] 0 mu* indebt$ to ,sp9oza is abundantly evid5t f 8 own words4 ,he spoke ( ! holy repudiat$ ,sp9oza4 ,he decl>$ t ! high _w-_s p5etrat$ him2 ! ,inf9ite 0 8 beg9n+ & 8 end2 ! univ]se 8 only & et]nal love4 ,9 holy innoc5ce & l[l9ess1 he mirror$ himself 9 ! et]nal _w1 & saw himself z its mo/ love-wor?y image4 ,he 0 full ( religion & ( ! ,holy ,_s2 & !re=e he /&s alone & unrea*able1 ma/] 9 8 art above ! pr(ane multitude1 )\t disciples & )\t citiz5%ip4#bb ,sid5ote3 ,anglican ,broad ,*ur*m54 ,com+ d[n to ,anglican ,broad ,*ur*m51 x w\ld sc>cely be fair to quote isolat$ utt]ances z pro(s ( _! ,pan!ism4 ,& yet :5 ,fr$]ick ,rob]tson ask$1 ,:at is ?is _w itself b ! =m ( ,deity :]eby ! manifoldness & beauty ( ,8 m9d manife/s itself8 & /ill f>!r1 :5 he quotes ) approval ,*ann+'s ^w1 t p]haps matt] is b a mode ( ?\ght1 ! mo/ e>ne/ ,pan!i/ w\ld h>dly desire m4 ,= ! conception ( ! ,univ]se involv$ mu/ surely exclude ! real be+1 or ev5 ! real exi/5ce1 ( any?+ b ,god4 ,mat!w ,arnold nev] committ$ himself to ,pan!ism1 nor1 inde$1 to any o!r !ory ( ! ,univ]se4 ,= 8 delicate hum\r & lamb5t satire always _h 9 view simply ! practical object ( cle>+ a pla9 way = ! good life ?r\gh ! ,ab]glaube ( !ology4 ,8 description ( ,god z ! ,p[] n ourselves :i* makes = righte\sness1 might seem1 9 fact1 ! negation ( ,pan!ism1 because1 if ,god is n ourselves1 !re is some?+ o!r ?an ,god4 ,b ! man :o delib]ately ju/ifi$ ! loose phraseology ( ! ,bible ab\t inf9ite ,be+1 by ! plea t x 0 language ?r[n out at an object inf9itely transc5d+ l+ui/ic expression1 ought n himself to be p9n$ to ! implications logically d$ucible f 8 own words ?r[n out at ! same transc5dant object4 ,&1 ?\gh ,mat!w ,arnold 0 too lit]>y to be a ,pan!i/1 t is1 ?\gh he ?\ght m ( =ms ( expression ?an ( ultimate reality1 8 satirical dis9tegration ( ! cre$s1 :]ev] x is effective1 makes ,pan!ism ! only religi\s alt]native4 ,s-call$ secul> & godless alt]natives may be (f]$2 b _! incongruity ) ! :ole evolution ( humanity f prehi/oric animism to ! high] ,pan!ism w make _! doom %ort & sure4 ,sid5ote3 ,:y ,pan!ism z a ,religion 0 call$ ,mod]n4 ,9 ! e>li] "p ( ?is essay ,i made ! rem>k t ,pan!ism z a religion is almo/ entirely mod]n4 ,! context1 h[ev]1 cle>ly %[$ :at 0 meant2 = sev]al pages h be5 occupi$ ) indications ( ! ideas & tea*+ ( individual ,pan!i/s f ,x5ophanes to ,sp9oza4 ,b we d n usually take mu* note ( a religion t is conf9$ to "o or two m5 9 an age4 ,if x dies out we treat x m]ely z a curiosity1 or an intellectual puzzle1 l ! dreams ( ,jacob ,boehme1 or ! a!i/ic ecclesia/icism ( ,comte4 ,b1 if x aft]w>ds %[s symptoms ( unexpect$ adaptation to ! m5tal & moral conditions ( a new] _w1 & if1 on acc\nt ( ?is adaptation1 x ga9s a hold on m5 :o are nei!r philosoph]s nor metaphysicians1 b only religi\s1 x dem&s our consid]ation on f> o!r gr\nds ?an ^? ( intellectual curiosity4 ,sid5ote3 ,pan!i/ic ,t5d5cies ( ,contempor>y ,?\ght ,n[ x has only be5 dur+ ! second half ( ! la/ c5tury t ,pan!ism has be5 able to claim att5tion z a religion 9 su* a s5se z ?is4 ,z to ! fact !re c h>dly be any dispute4 ,= n only has x become ev] a m prom95t motive 9 ! music ( ! poets1 & n only are all rationalizations ( ,*ri/ianity m or less transp>5t disguises ( ,pan!ism1 b ,i may safely appeal to ^? ord9>y memb]s ( intellig5t society :o are nei!r poets1 nor div9es1 nor philosoph]s1 :e!r ! free/ & mo/ confid5tial int]*ange ( religi\s ?\ght does n cont9ually v]ge on a fai? :i* m]ges ev]y?+ 9 ,god4 ,sid5ote3 ,caus$ by ! ,mutual ,pressure ( ,sci5ce & ,fai?4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,nebul> ,hypo!sis tak5 alone ,involves ,absurdity4 ,nor are ! reasons ( ?is t5d5cy f> to seek4 ,inde$1 !y are palpable & conspicu\s 9 ! mutual pressure ( sci5ce & fai?4 ,=1 on ! "o h& sci5ce has made un?9kable ! old-_w conception ( a ?ree-/orey$ ,univ]se1 con/ruct$ by an artific] ,god1 :o sudd5ly awoke f an et]nity ( idl5ess to make ,heav51 ,e>?1 & ,hell--a conception involv+ a ,k+ ( k+s1 en?ron$ l an ea/]n mon>*1 & s5d+ =? ,8 m9i/]+ spirits1 or appo9t+ ,8 angel deputies to direct & gov]n at ,8 beck4 ,or if x be said t nev]1 except 9 ! ages ( primeval simplicity1 or among/ lat] g5]ations liv+ "u primeval conditions8 has su* a conception be5 ent]ta9$1 x w\ld be difficult = ! broade/ ,*ur*man to say :at has be51 put 9 its place4 ,x is va9 to rem9d u h[ lat] ,*ri/ianity has patronis$ nebul> hypo!ses & ! doctr9e ( evolution4 ,= ^! give no def9ite sub/itute :atev] = ! old /ory1 t ,elohim spoke1 & x 0 done--he comm&$1 & x /ood fa/4 ,:5ce ! fi]y mi/s by ! rotation & cool+ ( :i* ! worlds 7 sl[ly evolv$8 ,we are told t ! same process is go+ on n[ )9 ! k5 ( a/ronom]s4 ,b does any "o suppose t 9 ^? realms ( space ,god is evok+ some?+ out ( no?+1 or say+ be1 & !re is8 ,no2 we are assur$ t ^! fi]y mi/s are =m$ by ! collision ( misguid$ orbs2 & we are ev5 ask$--or1 at lea/ we 7 ask$--to believe t ?is process mu/ g on until all sy/ems are agglom]at$ 9 "o orb1 to be ultimately congeal$ into /one4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! (fice ( ! ,creator accord+ to ?is s*eme1 z repulsive z x is absurd8 ,x w\ld appe> t1 at "s mom5t 9 a vacu\s et]nity1 ,he calls matt] out ( no?+1 :irls x into fi]y vortices1 & !n lets x cool d[n to ! absolute z]o :]e9 dea? reigns = ev]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,prote/ ( ,fai?4 ,sid5ote3 ,su/a9$ by ,late/ ,sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,:i* ,sugge/s an ,inf9ite ,unity4 ,b1 aft] all1 !re is a _s 9 man1 & ! inspiration ( ! ,almighty1 ( ! ,et]nal1 ( ! glori\s ,:ole to :i* we belong1 /irs 9 u a prote/ aga9/ ?is blasphemy ( ignorance4 ,ignorance1 ,i say1 = x 0 n ! k ( our wise m5 t :isp]$ su* ?+s1 b _! s5se ( ! vacuity beyond _! k4 ,up to c]ta9 b\nds1 _! grasp ( facts1 _! insight into physical ord]1 _! ma!matical skill1 7 beyond all praise4 ,b beyond t b\nd1 aye1 & )9 x1 9 e inconceivable mode ( ! action ( =ce1 z1 = example1 9 gravitation1 brood$ ! ,unkn[able4 ,& x 0 n _! k1 b _! ignorance t entail$ absurd issues4 ,already !re are signs t ev5 cele/ial physics & ma!matics w refuse to endorse z f9al s revolt+ a s*eme ( mat]ial evolution & devolution1 end+ only 9 univ]sal dea?4#bc ,& :5 once ! re-bir? ( new ord] out ( ! old is se5 to be ev]y:]e & et]nally tak+ place1 !n all ! h9ts giv5 u by sci5ce ( ! ultimate on5ess ( all ?+s1 conv]ge 9 ! fai? t ,all is ,god1 & ,god is ,all4 ,= c]ta9ly1 ! late/ obs]vations on ,matt] sugge/ t all =ms ( x are v>iations ( "o ultimate ,sub/ance4 ,& ! conv]tibility ( =ces1 z well z ! cons]vation ( =ce1 po9t to "o et]nal en]gy4 ,nor is ! duality ?us sugge/$ any f9al conclusion4 ,= few1 ,i imag9e1 w\ld n[ cont5d t1 9 ! la/ result ,matt] & ,=ce are fundam5tally diff]5t ?+s4 ,9 fact1 ,monism holds ! field2 & ?\gh ! evolution ( human op9ion is v sl[1 x appe>s safe to pr$ict t ! triumph ( t _w !ory is assur$4 ,sid5ote3 ,idea ( ,creation ,incongru\s ) ,mod]n ,k4 ,?is result ,is additionally secur$ by ! increas+ incongruity felt betwe5 ! immeasurable va/ness ( ! ,univ]se1 ev5 z kn[n1 & ! idea ( creation out ( no?+4 ,:5 ! ,almighty c\ld be s]i\sly pictur$ z con/ruct+ *amb]s = ,himself & ,8 heav5ly ho/ above1 ! middle floor ( e>? = ! *ildr5 ( m51 & ! abyss = gho/s & devils1 ! notion t ,8 ^w evok$ t puny /ructure f no?+ might be inve/$ by poets & prophets ) a c]ta9 gr&eur4 ,ea* "p ( ! "w _h an object z conceivable z t ( ea* floor 9 a h\se2 &1 accord+ to petty human notions ( utility1 no?+ 0 wa/$4 ,b n[1 :5 our a/ronom]s confront u ) c\ntless millions ( orbs1 to ^: ext5sion ,9 space no b\nd c be prov$1 :ile "s ( !m tell u t ! :ole imm5sity is a des]t ( alt]nate fire & d>kness1 ) no sp>k ( f9ite intellect except 9 our t9y e>?1 "s ( u1 at lea/1 _c help feel+ t ! notion ( a p]sonal div9e work] call+ ?is huge enigma out ( blank et]nal no?+1 is enorm\sly & utt]ly incongru\s bo? ) rev]5ce & common s5se4 ,& if ! ,pan!i/ 9 ^! days be ask$1 ,:at int]pretation !n d y propose8 8 answ] is1 ,i propose none4 ,i take ?+s z !y are4 ,9 _! totality !y are unkn[able1 z1 inde$1 ev5 sci5ce f9ds !y are 9 _! inf9itesimal p>ts4 ,b we ne$ n on ?is acc\nt lose ! div9ity t %apes our ends4 ,sid5ote3 ,pan!i/ic ,morality4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,law ( ! ,:ole4 ,=1 betwe5 ! inf9ite & ! inf9itesimal ! human exp]i5ce realizes itself 9 surr\nd+s :i*1 :5 obs]v$ & reflect$ on1 make ! impression ( ord]$ relations ( p>ts4 ,by a necessity ( our f9ite & individual exi/5ce z c5tres ( action--a necessity ( :i* we c give no acc\nt--we pres5t ^? relations to ourselves 9 =ms ( "t & space4 ,!n1 :5 our exp]i5ce is l>ge en\gh & ripe en\gh1 be+ enri*$ & /imulat$ by ! /or$-up exp]i5ce ( humanity1 z record$ 9 tradition1 cu/om1 ,bibles1 & ,epics1 we atta9 to ! moral s5se1 & realize t we are b\nd to be loyal to some?+ great] ?an self4 ,t great] may be ! tribe1 ! nation1 humanity or ,god4 ,b 9 f> ! l>g] numb] ( cases 9 :i* ?is s5se ( will+ loyalty is ar\s$1 its cause is ! appeal to u ( "s :ole ( :i* we =m a "p4 ,c]ta9ly ?is is s ) ! patriot & ! philan?ropi/4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be difficult1 or impossible1 to f9d any human relation%ip1 f ! family upw>ds1 ?r\gh ! wid] circles ( s*ool1 club1 municipality1 nationality1 9 :i* ?is s5se ( loyalty or devotion to ! law ( ! :ole is n ! be/ inc5tive to devotion4 ,sid5ote3 ,( t ,law ( ! ,:ole ,loyalty to ,god 9 ! ,supreme ,application4 ,yet1 :5 we come to contemplate ! f9al & supreme object ( devotion1 ! ,et]nal ,himself1 x has be5 almo/ ! univ]sal cu/om to make a surpris+ exception1 & to reg>d religion z ma9ta9able only by recognition ( a trem5d\s outw>d au?ority1 to :i* only su* loyalty is possible z 9 b>b>\s times 0 fo/]$ t[>ds a p]sonal *iefta91 or feudal k+4 ,n[ ,pan!ism holds ?is to be an error1 & reg>ds ob$i5ce & devotion to ,god z ! ultimate & mo/ inspir+ application ( t pr9ciple ( ! loyalty ( ! "p to ! :ole :i* runs ?r\gh all morality4 ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion4 ,:y %\ld we be suppos$ to be )\t ,god because we ackn[l$ge ,him to be sup]p]sonal1 & pa/ f9d+ out8 ,or :y %\ld we be suspect$ ( d5y+ ! div9ity ( evolution because we d n believe ! ,et]nal ,all to be subject to x8 ,?is in/9ct ( loyalty1 9 ! s5se ( self-subord9ation to any great] ,:ole ( :i* we are "p1 ! di/9ction ( "r & wrong !nce aris+1 & ! aspiration aft] a moral ideal1 are n ( man's inv5tion4 ,speak+1 z we _c help do+1 9 t]ms ( "t1 ,i hold t ! g]ms ( ?is high] creature-life 7 always 9 ! div9e unity out ( :i* man is evolv$4 ,& 9 pursu+ ! inspirations ( t high] life1 z exp]i5ce sugge/s !m1 humanity has always _h a guide & a savi\r 9 ! ,liv+ ,god1 ( :om ! race life-"t ( man is an inf9itesimal phase4 ,9 su* an int]pretation ( man's relations to ,god !re is no?+ necess>ily ho/ile to any =m ( g5u9e religion4#bd ,true1 !re are 9 ! cre$s _m /atem5ts :i* we _c accept 9 ! lett]4 ,b !re are few :i* h n "s spiritual sugge/ion = u4 ,& if we c atta9 to t intellectual love ( ,god 9 :i* ,sp9oza 0 absorb$1 we h no qu>rel ) any mode ( s9c]e devotion4 ,pi\s ,ca?olic1 ,prote/ant1 ,v$anti/1 ,mohamm$an--all1 by ! implicit1 ?\gh unrecognis$ necessities ( _! fai?1 wor%ip ! same ,god z ourselves4 ,b ! wrangles ( sect>ian zeal no long] conc]n u3 = we h pass$ ,to :]e beyond ^? voices !re is peace4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bb3 ,quot$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,hunt1 9 8 ,essay on ,pan!ism1 p4 #cab4 ,footnote #bc3 ,see ,! ,religion ( ! ,univ]se1 pp4 #abh-cj4 ,footnote #bd3 ,limitations ( space mu/ be my apology = ref]5ce to an enl>gem5t ( ?is topic 9 ,a ,pan!i/ic ,s]mon at ! end ( ,! ,religion ( ! ,univ]se4