,,manual ,,= ,,noncommission$ ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,privates ,,( ,,infantry ,,( ,,! ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates #aiag ,to be us$ by ,eng9e] companies 7dism\nt$7 & ,coa/ ,artill]y companies = ,infantry in/ruction & tra9+4 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t ,docum5t ,no4 #egd ,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,adjutant ,,g5]al ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,,wa%+ton1 ,april#ad1aiag4 ,! foll[+ ,manual = ,noncommission$ ,(fic]s & ,privates ( ,infantry ( ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is approv$ & h]e) publi%$ = ! in=mation & gov]nm5t ( all conc]n$4 ,?is manual w also be us$ by ,eng9e] companies 7dism\nt$7 & ,coa/ ,artill]y companies 9 connection ) ,infantry in/ruction & tra9+ prescrib$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t4 ,by ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,w>3 ,h4 ,l4 ,,scott1 ,major,g5]al1,*ief(,/aff4 ,,(ficial3 ,h4 ,p4 ,mc,c,a,i,n4 ,!,adjutant,g5]al4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,milit>y ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,c\rtesy ,section #a4 ,oa? ( enli/m5t ,section #b4 ,ob$i5ce ,section #c4 ,loyalty ,section #d4 ,discipl9e ,section #e4 ,milit>y c\rtesy ,section #f4 ,salut+ ,section #g4 ,rules gov]n+ salut+ ,section #h4 ,c\rtesies 9 conv]sation ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,arms1 ,,uni=ms1 ,,& ,,equipm5t ,section #a4 ,! rifle ,section #b4 ,c>e ( ! rifle ,section #c4 ,clean+ ! rifle ,section #d4 ,uni=ms ,section #e4 ,! s]vice kit ,section #f4 ,! surplus kit ,section #g4 ,assembl+ ,infantry equipm5t ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,rations ,,& ,,=age ,section #a4 ,! ration ,section #b4 ,individual cook+ ,section #c4 ,! =age ration ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,p]sonal ,,hygi5e ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,feet ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,infantry ,,drill ,,regulations1 #aiaa ,section l4 ,def9itions ,section #b4 ,introduction ,section #c4 ,ord]s1 comm&s1 & signals ,section #d4 ,s*ool ( ! soldi] ,section #e4 ,s*ool ( ! squad ,section #f4 ,s*ool ( ! company ,section #g4 ,company inspection ,section #h4 ,manual ( t5t pit*+ ,section #i4 ,manual ( ! bayonet ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,field ,,s]vice ,section #a4 ,pr9ciples ( ,infantry tra9+ ,section #b4 ,combat ,section #c4 ,patroll+ ,section #d4 ,advance gu>ds ,section #e4 ,re> gu>ds ,section #f4 ,flank gu>ds ,section #g4 ,outpo/s ,section #h4 ,rifle tr5*es ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,m>*+ ,,& ,,camp+ ,section #a4 ,break+ camp & prep>ation = a m>* ,section #b4 ,m>*+ ,section #c4 ,mak+ camp ,section #d4 ,camp s]vices & duties ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,t>get ,,practice ,section #a4 ,prelim9>y tra9+ 9 m>ksman%ip ,section #b4 ,sight adju/m5t ,section #c4 ,table ( sight corrections ,section #d4 ,aim+ ,section #e4 ,battle sight ,section #f4 ,trigg] squeeze ,section #g4 ,fir+ positions ,section #h4 ,call+ ! %ot ,section #i4 ,coord9ation ,section #aj4 ,advice to riflem5 ,section #aa4 ,! c\rse 9 small-arms fir+ ,section #ab4 ,t>gets ,section #ac4 ,pi/ol & revolv] practice ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,extracts ,,prom ,,manual ,,( ,,int]ior ,,gu>d ,,duty ,section #a4 ,introduction ,section #b4 ,classification ( int]ior guilds ,section #c4 ,details & ro/]s ,section #d4 ,comm&] ( ! gu>d ,section #e4 ,s]geant ( ! gu>d ,section #f4 ,corporal ( ! gu>d ,section #g4 ,musicians ( ! gu>d ,section #h4 ,ord]lies & color s5t9els ,section #i4 ,privates ( ! gu>d ,section #aj4 ,ord]s = s5t9els ,section #aa4 ,c\nt]signs & p>oles ,section #ab4 ,gu>d patrols ,section #ac4 ,wat*m5 ,section #ad4 ,complim5ts f gu>ds ,section #ae4 ,prison]s ,section #af4 ,gu>d+ prison]s ,section #ag4 ,flags ,section #ah4 ,reveille & retreat gun ,section #ai4 ,gu>d m\nt+ ,section #bj4 ,=mal gu>d m\nt+ = ,infantry ,section #ba4 ,in=mal gu>d m\nt+ = ,infantry ,section #bb4 ,reliev+ ! old gu>d ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,map ,,read+ ,,& ,,sket*+ ,section #a4 ,milit>y map read+ ,section #b4 ,sket*+ ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,message ,,blanks ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,signals ,,& ,,codes ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,fir/-,,aid ,,rules ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,laws ,,& ,,regulations ,section #a4 ,g5]al provisions ,section #b4 ,! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,section #c4 ,rank & prec$5ce ( (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s ,section #d4 ,insignia ( (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s ,section #e4 ,extracts f ! ,articles ( ,w> ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,engli%-,,fr5* ,,vocabul>y ,,app5dix4 ,,=m ,,= ,,la/ ,,w ,,& ,,te/am5t ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,milit>y ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,c\rtesy4 ,,section #a4 ,,oa? ,,( ,,enli/m5t4 ,e soldi] on enli/+ 9 ! ,army takes ^u himself ! foll[+ obligation3 ,i1--------1 d solemnly swe> 7or affirm7 t ,i w be> true fai? & allegiance to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica2 t ,i w s]ve !m hone/ly & fai?fully aga9/ all _! enemies :omsoev]2 & t ,i w obey ! ord]s ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! ord]s ( ! (fic]s appo9t$ ov] me accord+ to ! ,rules & ,articles ( ,w>4 7#aji? ,article ( ,w>47 ,,section #b4 ,,ob$i5ce4 ,! v fir/ p>agraph 9 ! ,army ,regulations reads3 ,all p]sons 9 ! milit>y s]vice are requir$ to obey /rictly & to ,,execute ,,promptly ! lawful ord]s ( _! sup]iors4 ,ob$i5ce is ! fir/ & la/ duty ( a soldi]4 ,x is ! f\ndation ^u :i* all milit>y effici5cy is built4 ,)\t x an army becomes a mob1 :ile ) x a mob ceases to be a mob & becomes possess$ ( mu* ( ! p[] ( an organiz$ =ce4 ,x is a quality t is dem&$ ( e p]son 9 ! ,army1 f ! highe/ to ! l[e/4 ,ea* enli/$ man b9ds himself1 by 8 enli/m5t oa?1 to ob$i5ce4 ,ea* (fic]1 9 accept+ 8 commission1 mu/ take ^u himself ! same solemn obligation4 ,obey /rictly & execute promptly ! lawful ord]s ( y\r sup]iors4 ,x is en\gh to "k t ! p]son giv+ ! ord]1 :e!r he be an (fic]1 a noncommission$ (fic]1 or a private act+ z su*1 is y\r lawful sup]ior4 ,y may n l him1 y may n respect him1 b y mu/ respect 8 position & au?ority1 & reflect honor & cr$it ^u y\rself & y\r pr(ession by yield+ to all sup]iors t complete & unhesitat+ ob$i5ce :i* is ! pleasure z well z ! duty ( e true soldi]4 ,ord]s mu/ be ,,/rictly c>ri$ out4 ,x is n suffici5t to comply ) only t "p :i* suits y or :i* involves no "w or dang] or h>d%ip4 ,nor is x prop] or p]missible1 :5 y are ord]$ to d a ?+ 9 a c]ta9 way or to accompli% a "w 9 a def9itely prescrib$ mann]1 = y to obta9 ! same results by o!r me?ods4 ,ob$i5ce mu/ be ,,prompt ,,& ,,unque/ion+4 ,:5 any soldi] 7& ?is ^w includes (fic]s z well z enli/$ m57 receives an ord]1 x is n = him to consid] :e!r ! ord] is a good "o or n1 :e!r x w\ld h be5 bett] _h su* an ord] nev] be5 giv51 or :e!r ! duty might be bett] p]=m$ by "s "o else1 or at "s o!r "t1 or 9 "s o!r mann]4 ,8 duty is1 fir/1 to und]/& j :at ! ord] requires1 &1 second1 to proce$ at once to c>ry out ! ord] to ! be/ ( 8 ability4 ,(fic]s & m5 ( all ranks & grades are giv5 a c]ta9 indep5d5ce 9 ! execution ( ! tasks to :i* !y are assign$ & are expect$ to %[ initiative 9 meet+ ! diff]5t situations z !y arise4 ,e individual1 f ! highe/ comm&] to ! l[e/ private1 mu/ always rememb] t inaction & neglect ( opportunities w w>rant m sev]e c5sure ?an an error 9 ! *oice ( ! means4 7,preface1,field ,s]vice,regulations47 ,,section #c4 ,,loyalty4 ,b ev5 ) implicit ob$i5ce y may yet fail to measure up to t high /&>d ( duty :i* is at once ! pride & glory ( e true soldi]4 ,n until y c>ry out ! desires & wi%es ( y\r sup]iors 9 a he>ty1 will+1 & *e]ful mann] are y meet+ all ! requirem5ts ( y\r pr(ession4 ,= an ord] is b ! w ( y\r sup]ior1 h[ev] x may be express$4 ,loyalty means t y are = y\r organization & its (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s--n aga9/ !m2 t y always ext5d y\r mo/ e>ne/ & he>ty support to ^? 9 au?ority4 ,no soldi] is a loyal soldi] :o is a knock] or a grumbl] or a %irk]4 ,j "o man ( ?is class 9 a company bre$s discont5t & dissatisfaction among _m o!rs4 ,y %\ld1 !re=e1 n only gu>d aga9/ do+ su* ?+s y\rself b %\ld disc\rage su* actions among any ( y\r comrades4 ,,section #d4 ,,discipl9e4 #a4 ,all p]sons 9 ! milit>y s]vice are requir$ to obey /rictly & to execute promptly ! lawful ord]s ( _! sup]iors4 #b4 ,milit>y au?ority w be ex]cis$ ) firmness1 k9dness1 & ju/ice4 ,puni%m5ts mu/ con=m to law & foll[ (f5ses z promptly z circum/ances w p]mit4 #c4 ,sup]iors are =bidd5 to injure ^? "u _! au?ority by tyrannical or caprici\s conduct or by abusive language4 ,:ile ma9ta9+ discipl9e & ! ?or\gh & prompt p]=mance ( milit>y duty1 all (fic]s1 9 deal+ ) enli/$ m51 w be> 9 m9d ! absolute necessity ( s treat+ !m z to pres]ve _! self-respect4 ,(fic]s w keep 9 z close t\* z possible ) ! m5 "u _! comm& & w /rive to build up su* relations ( confid5ce & sympa?y z w insure ! free approa* ( _! m5 to !m = c\nsel & assi/ance4 ,?is relation%ip may be ga9$ & ma9ta9$ )\t relaxation ( ! bonds ( discipl9e & ) great b5efit to ! s]vice z a :ole4 #d4 ,c\rtesy among milit>y m5 is indisp5sable to discipl9e2 respect to sup]iors w n be conf9$ to ob$i5ce on duty1 b w be ext5d$ on all occasions4 #e4 ,delib]ations or discussions among milit>y m5 convey+ praise or c5sure1 or any m>k ( approbation1 t[>d o!rs 9 ! milit>y s]vice1 & all publications relat+ to private or p]sonal transactions betwe5 (fic]s are prohibit$4 ,ef=ts to influ5ce legislation affect+ ! ,army or to procure p]sonal favor or consid]ation %\ld nev] be made except ?r\gh regul> milit>y *annels2 ! adoption ( any o!r me?od by any (fic] or enli/$ man w be not$ 9 ! milit>y record ( ^? conc]n$1 7,army,regulations47 ,! discipl9e :i* makes ! soldi] ( a free c\ntry reliable 9 battle is n to be ga9$ by h>% or tyrannical treatm5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 su* treatm5t is f> m likely to de/roy ?an to make an army4 ,x is possible to import in/ruction & give comm&s 9 su* mann] & 9 su* tone ( voice z to inspire 9 ! soldi] no feel+ b an int5se desire to obey1 :ile ! opposite mann] & tone ( voice c n fall to excite /rong res5tm5t & a desire to disobey4 ,! "o mode or ! o!r ( deal+ ) subord9ates spr+s f a correspond+ _s 9 ! brea/ ( ! comm&]4 ,he :o feels ! respect :i* is due to o!rs c n fail to inspire 9 !m reg>d = himself1 :ile he :o feels1 & h5ce manife/s1 disrespect t[>d o!rs1 especially 8 inf]iors1 c n fail to inspire hatr$ aga9/ himself1 7,address(,maj4,g54,john,m4,s*(ield to!,unit$,/ates,corps(,cadets1,aug1#aa1a hgi47 ,:51 by long-cont9u$ drill & subord9ation1 y h le>n$ y\r duties1 & ob$i5ce becomes second nature1 y h acquir$ discipl9e4 ,x call n be acquir$ 9 a day or a mon?4 ,x is a gr[?4 ,x is ! habit ( ob$i5ce4 ,to tea* ?is habit ( ob$i5ce is ! ma9 object ( ! close-ord] drill1 &1 if good results are to be expect$1 ! greate/ att5tion mu/ be paid to ev5 ! smalle/ details4 ,! company or squad mu/ be =m$ promptly at ! prescrib$ "t--n a m9ute or ev5 a second late4 ,all mu/ we> ! exact uni=m prescrib$ & 9 ! exact mann] prescrib$4 ,:5 at att5tion !re mu/ be no gaz+ ab\t1 no rais+ ( h&s1 no *ew+ or spitt+ 9 ranks4 ,! manual ( arms & all movem5ts mu/ be execut$ absolutely z prescrib$4 ,a drill ( ?is k9d tea*es discipl9e4 ,a c>eless1 sloppy drill bre$s disob$i5ce & insubord9ation4 ,9 o!r words1 discipl9e simply means effici5cy4 ,,section #e4 ,,milit>y ,,c\rtesy4 ,9 all walks ( life m5 :o are g5tlemanly & ( good bre$+ are always respectful & c\rte\s to ^? ab\t !m4 ,x helps to make life move along m smoo?ly4 ,9 civil life ?is c\rtesy is %[n by ! cu/om ( tipp+ ! hat to ladies1 %ak+ h&s ) fri5ds4 & greet+ p]sons ) a nod or a fri5dly ,good morn+1 etc4 ,9 ! ,army c\rtesy is j u necess>y1 & = ! same reasons4 ,x helps to keep ! great ma*9e mov+ )\t friction4 ,c\rtesy among milit>y m5 is indisp5sable to discipl9e2 respect to sup]iors w n be conf9$ to ob$i5ce on duty1 b w be ext5d$ on all occasions4 7,p>4#d1;,army,regulations1 #aiac47 ,"o me?od ( ext5d+ ?is c\rtesy is by salut+4 ,:5 9 ranks ! "q ( :at a private %\ld d is simple--he obeys any comm& t is giv54 ,x is :5 out ( ranks t a private mu/ "k h[ & :5 to salute4 ,,section #f4 ,,salut+4 ,9 ! old days ! free m5 ( ,europe 7 all all[$ to c>ry weapons1 & :5 !y met ea* w\ld hold up 8 "r h& to %[ t he _h no weapon 9 x & t !y met z fri5ds4 ,slaves or s]fs1 h[ev]1 7 n all[$ to c>ry weapons1 & slunk pa/ ! free m5 )\t mak+ any sign4 ,9 ?is way ! salute came to be ! symbol or sign by :i* soldi]s 7free m57 might recognize ea* o!r4 ,! l[] classes began to imitate ! soldi]s 9 ?is respect1 al?\gh 9 a clumsy1 apologetic way1 & !nce crept into civil life ! cu/om ( rais+ ! h& or nodd+ z "o pass$ an acqua9tance4 ,! soldi]s1 h[ev]1 kept _! individual salute1 & purposely made x intricate & difficult to le>n 9 ord] t x c\ld be acquir$ only by ! con/ant tra9+ all real soldi]s receiv$4 ,to ?is day armies h pres]v$ _! salute1 & :5 correctly done x is at once recogniz$ & nev] mi/ak5 = t ( ! civilian4 ,all soldi]s %\ld be c>eful to execute ! salute exactly z prescrib$4 ,! civilian or ! imitation soldi] :o tries to imitate ! milit>y salute inv>iably makes "s mi/ake :i* %[s t he is n a real soldi]2 he gives x 9 an apologetic mann]1 he fails to /& or m>* at att5tion1 8 coat is unbutton$ or hat on awry1 or he falls to look ! p]son salut$ 9 ! eye4 ,!re is a wide diff]5ce 9 ! me?od ( r5d]+ & mean+ betwe5 ! civilian salute z us$ by fri5ds 9 pass+1 or by s]vants to _! employ]s1 & ! ,,milit>y ,,salute1 ! symbol & sign ( ! milit>y pr(ession4 ,,to ,,salute ,,) ,,! ,,h&1 fir/ assume ! position ( a soldi] or m>* at att5tion4 ,look ! (fic] y are to salute /raight 9 ! eye4 ,!n1 :5 ! prop] di/ance sep>ates y1 raise ! "r h& sm>tly till ! tip ( ! =ef+] t\*es ! l[] "p ( ! headdress or =ehead above ! "r eye1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 palm to ! left1 =e>m incl9$ at ab\t #de deg41 h& & wri/ /raight4 ,cont9ue to look ! (fic] y are salut+ /raight 9 ! ,eye & keep y\r h& 9 ! position ( salute until ! (fic] ackn[l$ges ! salute or until he has pass$4 ,!n drop ! h& sm>tly to ! side4 ,! salute is giv5 ) ! "r h& only4 ,,to ,,salute ,,) ,,! ,,rifle1 br+ ! rifle to "r %\ld] arms if n already !re4 ,c>ry ! left h& sm>tly to ! small ( ! /ock1 =e>m horizontal1 palm ( ! h& d[n1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =ef+] t\*+ ! end ( ! cock+ piece4 ,look ! (fic] salut$ 9 ! eye4 ,:5 ! (fic] has ackn[l$g$ ! salute or has pass$1 drop ! left h& sm>tly to ! side & turn ! head & eyes to ! front4 ,! rifle salute may also be execut$ f ! ord] or trail4 ,see p>agraph #id1 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 & p>agraph #aaa1 ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations1 #aiaf4 ,,to ,,salute ,,) ,,! ,,sab]1 br+ ! sab] to ord] sab] if n already !re1 raise & c>ry ! sab] to ! front1 base ( ! hilt z high z ! *9 & #f in*es 9 front ( ! neck1 edge to ! left1 po9t #f in*es f>!r to ! front ?an ! hilt1 ?umb ext5d$ on ! left ( ! grip1 all f+]s grasp+ ! grip4 ,look ! (fic] salut$ 9 ! eye4 ,:5 ! (fic] has ackn[l$g$ ! salute or has pass$1 l[] ! sab]1 po9t 9 prolongation ( ! "r foot & ne> ! gr\nd1 edge to ! left1 h& by ! side1 ?umb on left ( grip1 arm ext5d$1 & return to ! ord] sab]4 ,if m\nt$1 ! h& is held beh9d ! ?igh1 po9t a little to ! "r & front ( ! /irrup4 7,= ,cavalry47 ,,to ,,salute ,,) ,,! ,,sab]1 br+ ! sab] to c>ry sab] if n already !re1 c>ry ! sab] to ! front ) arm half ext5d$ until ! ?umb is ab\t #f in*es 9 front ( ! *91 ! blade v]tical1 gu>d to ! left1 all f\r f+]s grasp+ ! grip1 ! ?umb ext5d+ along ! back 9 ! groove1 ! f+]s press+ ! back ( ! grip aga9/ ! heel ( ! h&4 ,look ! (fic] salut$ 9 ! eye4 ,:5 ! (fic] has ackn[l$g$ ! salute or has pass$1 br+ ! sab] d[n ) ! blade aga9/ ! holl[ ( ! "r %\ld]1 gu>d to ! front1 "r h& at ! hip1 ! ?ird & f\r? f+] on ! back ( ! grip & ! elb[ back4 ,! pi/ol is n c>ri$ 9 ! h& b 9 ! hol/]1 !re=e :5 arm$ ) ! pi/ol salute ) ! h&4 ,always /& or m>* at att5tion be=e & dur+ ! salute4 ,! hat %\ld be on /raight1 coat completely button$ up1 & h&s out ( ! pockets4 ,,section #g4 ,,rules ,,gov]n+ ,,salut+4 #gei4 7#a7 ,salutes %all be ex*ang$ betwe5 (fic]s & enli/$ m5 n 9 a milit>y =mation1 nor at drill1 "w1 games1 or mess1 on e occasion ( _! meet+1 pass+ ne> or be+ address$1 ! (fic] junior 9 rank or ! enli/$ man salut+ fir/4 7#b7 ,:5 an (fic] ent]s a room :]e !re are sev]al enli/$ m5 ! ^w att5tion is giv5 by "s "o :o p]ceives him1 :5 all rise1 uncov]1 & rema9 /&+ at att5tion until ! (fic] leaves ! room or directs o!rwise4 ,enli/$ m5 at meals /op eat+ & rema9 seat$ at att5tion4 7#c7 ,an enli/$ man1 if seat$1 rises on ! approa* ( an (fic]1 faces t[>d him1 /&s at att5tion1 & salutes4 ,/&+1 he faces an (fic] = ! same purpose4 ,if ! p>ties rema9 9 ! same place or on ! same gr\nd1 su* complim5ts ne$ n be repeat$4 ,soldi]s actually at "w d n cease "w to salute an (fic] unless address$ by him4 7#d7 ,be=e address+ an (fic] an enli/$ man makes ! prescrib$ salute ) ! weapon ) :i* he is arm$1 or1 if un>m$1 ) ! "r h&4 ,he also makes ! same salute aft] receiv+ a reply4 7#e7 ,9 uni=m1 cov]$ or uncov]$1 b n 9 =mation1 (fic]s & enli/$ m5 salute milit>y p]sons z foll[s3 ,) arms 9 h&1 ! salute prescrib$ = t arm 7s5t9els on int]ior gu>d duty except$72 )\t arms1 ! "r-h& salute4 7#f7 ,9 civilian dress1 cov]$ or uncov]$1 (fic]s & enli/$ m5 salute milit>y p]sons ) ! "r-h& salute4 7#g7 ,(fic]s & enli/$ m5 w r5d] ! prescrib$ salutes 9 a milit>y mann]1 ! (fic] junior 9 rank or ! enli/$ m5 salut+ fir/4 ,:5 sev]al (fic]s 9 company are salut$ all entitl$ to ! salute %all return x4 7#h7 ,except 9 ! field "u campaign or simulat$ campaign conditions1 a m\nt$ (fic] 7or soldi]7 dism\nts be=e address+ a sup]ior (fic] n m\nt$4 7#i7 ,a man 9 =mation %all n salute :5 directly address$1 b %all come to att5tion if at re/ or at ease4 7#aj7 ,salut+ di/ance is t )9 :i* recognition is easy4 ,9 g5]al1 x does n exce$ #cj paces4 7#aa7 ,:5 an (fic] entitl$ to ! salute passes 9 re> ( a body ( troops1 x is br\ght to att5tion :ile he is opposite ! po/ ( ! comm&]4 7#ab7 ,9 public conveyances1 su* z railway tra9s & /reet c>s1 & 9 public places1 su* z !at]s1 honors & p]sonal salutes may be omitt$ :5 palpably inappropriate or apt to di/urb or annoy civilians pres5t4 7#ac7 ,soldi]s at all times & 9 all situations pay ! same complim5ts to (fic]s ( ! ,army1 ,navy1 ,m>9e ,corps1 & ,volunte]s1 & to (fic]s ( ! ,national ,gu>d z to (fic]s ( _! own regim5t1 corps1 or arm ( s]vice4 7#ad7 ,s5t9els on po/ do+ int]ior gu>d duty con=m to ! =ego+ pr9ciples1 b salute by pres5t+ arms :5 arm$ ) ! rifle4 ,!y w n salute if x int]f]es ) ! prop] p]=mance ( _! duties4 ,troops "u arms w salute u prescrib$ 9 drill regulations4 #gfj4 7#a7 ,comm&]s ( deta*m5ts or o!r comm&s w salute (fic]s ( grades high] ?an ! p]son comm&+ ! unit1 by fir/ br++ ! unit to att5tion & !n salut+ z requir$ by subp>agraph 7#e74 p>agraph #gei4 ,if ! p]son salut$ is ( a junior or equal grade1 ! unit ne$ n be at att5tion 9 ! ex*ange ( salutes4 7#b7 ,if two deta*m5ts or o!r comm&s meet1 _! comm&]s w ex*ange salutes1 bo? comm&s be+ at att5tion4 #gfa4 ,salutes & honors1 z a rule1 are n paid by troops actually engag$ 9 drill1 on ! m>*1 or 9 ! field "u campaign or simulat$ campaign condition4 ,troops on ! s]vice ( security pay no complim5ts :atev]4 #gfb4 ,if ! comm& is 9 l9e at a halt 7n 9 ! field7 & arm$ ) ! rifle1 or ) sab]s drawn1 x %all be br\ght to ,,pres5t ,,arms or ,,pres5t ,,sab]s be=e its comm&] salutes 9 ! foll[+ cases3 ,:5 ! ,national ,an!m is play$1 or :5 ,,to ,,! ,,color or ,,to ,,! ,,/&>d is s\nd$ dur+ c]emonies1 or :5 a p]son is salut$ :o is its imm$iate or high] comm&] or a g5]al (fic]1 or :5 ! national or regim5tal color is salut$4 #gfc4 ,at p>ades & o!r c]emonies1 "u arms1 ! comm& %all r5d] ! prescrib$ salute & %all rema9 9 ! position ( salute :ile ! ,national ,an!m is be+ play$2 also at retreat & dur+ c]emonies :5 ,,to ,,! ,,color is play$1 if no b& is pres5t4 ,if n "u arms1 ! organizations %all be br\ght to att5tion at ! fir/ note ( ! ,national ,an!m1 ,,to ,,! ,,color or ,,to ,,! ,,/&>d1 & ! salute r5d]$ by ! (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] 9 comm& z prescrib$ 9 regulations1 z am5d$ h]e94 #gfd4 ,:5ev] ! ,national ,an!m is play$ at any place :5 p]sons belong+ to ! milit>y s]vice are pres5t1 all (fic]s & enli/$ m5 n 9 =mation %all /& at att5tion fac+ t[>d ! music 7except at retreat1 :5 !y %all face t[>d ! flag74 ,if 9 uni=m1 cov]$ or uncov]$1 or 9 civilian clo!s1 uncov]$1 !y %all1 salute at ! fir/ note ( ! an!m1 reta9+ ! position ( salute until ! la/ note ( ! an!m4 ,if n 9 uni=m & cov]$1 !y %all uncov] at ! fir/ note ( ! an!m1 hold+ ! headdress opposite ! left %\ld] & s rema9 until its close1 except t 9 inclem5t wea!r ! headdress may be slightly rais$4 ,! same rules apply :5 ,,to ,,! ,,color or ,,to ,,! ,,/&>d is s\nd$ z :5 ! ,national ,an!m is play$4 ,:5 play$ by an army b&1 ! ,national ,an!m %all be play$ ?r\gh )\t repetition ( any "p n requir$ to be repeat$ to make x complete4 ,! same m>ks ( respect prescrib$ = obs]vance dur+ ! play+ ( ! ,national ,an!m ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all be %[n t[>d ! national an!m ( any o!r c\ntry :5 play$ ^u (ficial occasions4 #gfe4 ,(fic]s & enli/$ m5 pass+ ! uncas$ color w r5d] honors z foll[s3 ,if 9 uni=m1 !y w salute z requir$ by subp>agraph 7#e71 p>agraph #gei2 if 9 civilian dress & cov]$1 !y w uncov]1 hold+ ! headdress opposite ! left %\ld] ) ! "r h&2 if uncov]$1 !y w salute ) ! "r-h& salute4 7,infantry,drill,regulations1 #aiaa47 ,! national flag belong+ to dism\nt$ organizations is call$ a color2 to m\nt$ organizations1 a /&>d4 ,an uncas$ color is "o t is n 9 its wat]pro( cov]4 ,privates d n salute noncommission$ (fic]s4 ,prison]s are n p]mitt$ to salute2 !y m]ely come to att5tion if n actually at "w4 ,! play+ ( ! ,national ,an!m z a "p ( a m$ley is prohibit$ 9 ! milit>y s]vice4 ,,section #h4 ,,c\rtesies ,,9 ,,conv]sation4 ,9 speak+ to an (fic]1 always /& at att5tion & use ! ^w ,sir4 ,examples3 ,sir1 ,private ,br[n1 ,company ,b1 reports z ord]ly4 ,sir1 ! fir/ s]geant direct$ me to report to ! capta94 7,"q by an (fic]37 ,to :at company d y belong8 7,answ]37 ,company ,h1 sir4 7,"q by an (fic]37 ,has fir/ call = drill s\nd$8 7,answ]37 ,no1 sir2 or ,yes2 sir42 x s\nd$ ab\t five m9utes ago4 7,"q by an (fic]37 ,c y tell me1 please1 :]e ,major ,smi?'s t5t is8 7,answ]37 ,yes2 sir2 ,i'll take y to x4 ,use ! ?ird p]son 9 speak+ to an (fic]4 ,examples3 ,does ! ,lieut5ant wi%1 etc4 ,did ! ,capta9 s5d = me8 ,9 deliv]+ a message f "o (fic] to ano!r1 always use ! =m simil> to ! foll[+3 ,lieut5ant ,a pres5ts 8 complim5ts to ,capta9 ,b & /ates1 etc4 ,?is =m is n us$ :5 ! p]son s5d+ or receiv+ ! message is an enli/$ man4 ,9 all (ficial conv]sation ref] to o!r soldi]s by _! titles1 ?us3 ,s]geant ,b1 ,private ,c4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,arms1 ,,uni=ms1 ,,& ,,equipm5t4 ,,section #a4 ,,! ,,rifle4 ,! rifle n[ us$ by ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! ,unit$ ,/ates magaz9e rifle1 model ( #aijc1 calib] 4#cj4 ,x is #dc4bab in*es long & weighs #h4fi p\nds4 ,! bayonet weighs #a p\nd & ! blade is #af in*es long4 ,! rifle is sight$ = ranges up to #b1hej y>ds4 ,! maximum range1 :5 elevat$ at an angle ( #de degrees1 is #d1hia y>ds 7#chi y>ds less ?an #c miles74 ,! smoo? bore ( ! rifle is #j4cj in* 9 diamet]4 ,x is !n rifl$ #j4jjd in* deep1 mak+ ! diamet] f ! bottom ( "o groove to ! bottom ( ! opposite groove #j4cjh in*4 ,! rifl+ makes "o complete turn 9 ea* #aj in*es ( ! b>rel4 ,! accompany+ plate %[s ! names ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! rifle4 ,! only p>ts ( a rifle t an enli/$ man is p]mitt$ to take ap>t are ! bolt me*anism & ! magaz9e me*anism4 ,le>n h[ to d ?is f y\r squad lead]1 = y mu/ "k h[ 9 ord] to keep y\r rifle clean4 ,nev] remove ! h& gu>d or ! trigg] gu>d1 nor take ! sights ap>t unless y h special p]mission f a commission$ (fic]4 ,! c>tridge us$ = ! rifle is call$ ! 4#cj-;calib] model #aijf c>tridge4 ,!re are f\r types ( c>tridges4 ,! ,,ball ,,c>tridge consi/s ( ! brass case or %ell1 ! prim]1 ! *>ge ( smokeless p[d]1 & ! bullet4 ,! bullet has a %>p po9t1 is compos$ ( a lead core & a jacket ( cupro nickel1 & weighs #aej gra9s4 ,! bullet ( ?is c>tridge1 :5 fir$ f ! rifle1 />ts ) an initial velocity at ! muzzle ( #b1gjj feet p] second4 ,! ,,blank ,,c>tridge conta9s a pap] cup in/ead ( a bullet4 ,x is dang]\s up to #ajj feet4 ,fir+ ) blank c>tridges at a repres5t$ enemy at ranges less ?an #ajj y>ds is prohibit$4 ,! ,,gu>d ,,c>tridge has a small] *>ge ( p[d] ?an ! ball c>tridge1 & five cannelures encircle ! body ( ! %ell at ab\t ! middle to di/+ui% x f ! ball c>tridge4 ,x is int5d$ = use on gu>d or 9 riot duty1 & gives good results up to #bjj y>ds4 ,! range ( #ajj y>ds requires a sight elevation ( #dej y>ds1 & ! range ( #bjj y>ds requires all elevation ( #fej y>ds4 ,! ,,dummy ,,c>tridge is t9 plat$ & ! %ell is provid$ ) six longitud9al corrugations & ?ree circul> holes4 ,! prim] conta9s no p]cussion composition4 ,x is int5d$ = drill purposes to accu/om ! soldi] to ! op]ation ( load+ ! rifle4 ,all c>tridges are secur$ five 9 a clip to enable five c>tridges to be ins]t$ into ! magaz9e at "o motion4 ,sixty ball c>tridges 9 #ab clips are pack$ 9 a clo? b&ole] to facilitate issue & c>ry+4 ,:5 full ! b&ole] weighs ab\t #c4hh p\nds4 ,b&ole]s are pack$ #bj 9 a box1 or #a1bjj r\nds 9 all4 ,! full box weighs #ii p\nds4 ,,section #b4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,rifle4 ,e "p ( ! rifle mu/ be kept free f ru/1 du/1 & dirt1 ,a dirty or ru/y rifle is a sure sign t ! soldi] does n realize ! value ( 8 weapon1 & t 8 tra9+ is incomplete4 ,! rifle y are arm$ ) is ! mo/ accurate 9 ! _w4 ,if x gets dirty or ru/y x w det]iorate 9 its accuracy & work+ effici5cy1 & no subsequ5t c>e w re/ore x to its orig9al condition4 ,! mo/ important "p ( ! rifle to keep clean is ! bore4 ,if1 aft] fir+1 ! bore is left dirty ov] night1 x w be badly ru/$ 9 ! morn+1 !re=e y\r rifle mu/ be clean$ n lat] ?an ! ev5+ ( ! day on :i* x 0 fir$4 ,! f\l+ ( ! blank c>tridge is z dang]\s to ! bore z ! f\l+ ( ! ball c>tridge4 ,nev] attempt to poli% any "p t is blu$4 ,if ru/ appe>s1 remove1 by rubb+ ) oil4 ,nev] use em]y pap]1 pomade1 or any prep>ation t cuts or scrat*es1 to clean any "p ( ! rifle4 ,to beautify & pres]ve ! /ock rub ) raw l9se$ oil4 ,! use ( any o!r prep>ation on ! /ock is /rictly =bidd54 ,always h&le y\r rifle ) c>e4 ,don't ?r[ x ar\nd z ?\gh x 7 a club4 ,don't /& x up aga9/ any?+ s t x re/s aga9/ ! front sight4 ,don't leave a /opp] or a rag 9 ! bore3 x w cause ru/ to =m at t po9t4 ,x may also cause ! gun b>rel to bur/ if a %ot is fir$ be=e remov+ x4 ,gu>d ! sights & muzzle c>efully f any bl[ t might injure !m4 ,! front sight cov] %\ld always be on ! rifle except :5 rifle is be+ fir$4 ,?is is especially necess>y to protect ! front sight :ile rifle is be+ c>ri$ 9 scabb>d by a m\nt$ man4 ,9 com+ to ! ord] arms1 l[] ! piece g5tly to ! gr\nd4 ,:5 !re is a c>tridge 9 ! *amb] ! piece is always c>ri$ lock$4 ,9 ?is position ! safety lock %\ld be kept turn$ fully to ! "r1 s9ce if x be turn$ to ! left ne>ly to ! ready position & ! trigg] be pull$1 ! rifle w be dis*>g$ :5 ! safety lock is turn$ to ! ready position at any "t lat] on4 ,c>tridges c n be load$ f ! magaz9e unless ! bolt is drawn fully to ! re>4 ,:5 ! bolt is clos$1 or only p>tly op51 ! cut-(f may be turn$ up or d[n z desir$1 b if ! bolt is drawn fully to ! re>1 ! magaz9e c n be cut (f unless ! top c>tridge or ! foll[] be press$ d[n slightly & ! bolt be pu%$ =w>d s t ! cut-(f may be turn$ (f4 ,9 ! case ( a misfire1 don't op5 ! bolt imm$iately1 z x may be a hangfire4 ,misfires are (t5 due to ! fact t ! bolt h&le 0 n fully press$ d[n4 ,sometimes 9 pull+ ! trigg] ! soldi] raises ! bolt h&le )\t kn[+ x4 ,unless o!rwise ord]$1 arms w be unload$ be=e be+ tak5 to qu>t]s or t5ts1 or z soon z ! m5 us+ !m are reliev$ f duty4 ,keep ! work+ p>ts oil$4 ,9 e company !re %\ld be at lea/ "o copy ( ! ,manual ( ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t entitl$ ,description & ,rules = ! ,managem5t ( ! ,u4 ,s1 ,magaz9e ,rifle4 ,?is manual gives ! "n & a cut ( e "p ( ! rifle1 expla9s its use1 %[s h[ to take ! rifle ap>t & c>e = ! same1 & also gives mu* o!r valuable & int]e/+ in=mation4 ,,section #c4 ,,clean+ ,,! ,,rifle4 ,clean+ ! rifle1--7a7 ,! prop] c>e ( ! bore requires consci5ti\s1 c>eful "w1 b x pays well 9 ! atta9m5t ( r$uc$ labor ( clean+1 prolong$ accuracy life ( ! b>rel1 & bett] results 9 t>get practice4 ,briefly /at$1 ! c>e ( ! bore consi/s 9 remov+ ! f\l+1 result+ f fir+1 to obta9 a *emically clean surface1 & 9 coat+ ?is surface ) a film ( oil to prev5t ru/+4 ,! f\l+ :i* results f fir+ is ( two k9ds--"o1 ! products ( combu/ion ( ! p[d]2 ! o!r1 cupro-nickel scrap$ (f 7"u ! abrad+ action ( irregul>ities or grit 9 ! bore74 ,p[d] f\l+1 because ( its acid reaction1 is highly corrosive2 t is1 x w induce ru/ & mu/ be remov$4 ,metal f\l+ ( itself is inactive1 b may cov] p[d] f\l+ & prev5t ! action ( clean+ ag5ts until remov$1 & :5 accumulat$ 9 noticeable quantities x r$uces ! accuracy ( ! rifle4 7b7 ,p[d] f\l+ may be readily remov$ by scrubb+ ) hot soda solution1 b ?is solution has no effect on ! metal f\l+ ( cupro-nickel4 ,x is necess>y1 !re=e1 to remove all metal f\l+ be=e assurance c be _h t all p[d] f\l+1 has be5 remov$ & t ! bore may be safely oil$4 ,normally1 aft] fir+ a b>rel 9 good condition ! metal f\l+ is s slight z to be h>dly p]ceptible4 ,x is m]ely a sme> ( inf9itesimal ?ickness1 easily remov$ by solv5ts ( cupro-nickel4 ,h[ev]1 due to pitt+1 ! pres5ce ( du/1 o!r abrasives1 or to accumulation1 metal f\l+ may occur 9 cle>ly visible flakes or pat*es ( mu* great] ?ickness1 mu* m difficult to remove4 7c7 ,9 clean+ ! bore aft] fir+ x is well to proce$ z foll[s3 ,swab out ! bore ) soda solution 7subp>agraph j7 to remove p[d] f\l+4 ,a conv5i5t me?od is to ins]t ! muzzle ( ! rifle into ! c conta9+ ! soda solution &1 ) ! clean+ rod ins]t$ f ! bree*1 pump ! b>rel full a few times4 ,remove & dry ) a c\ple ( pat*es4 ,exam9e ! bore to see t !re are 9 evid5ce no pat*es ( metal f\l+ :i*1 if pres5t1 c be readily detect$ by ! nak$ eye1 !n swab out ) ! swabb+ solution--a dilute metal-f\l+ solution 7subp>agraph j74 ,! am\nt ( swabb+ requir$ ) ! swabb+ solution c be det]m9$ only by exp]i5ce1 assi/$ by ! color ( ! pat*es4 ,swabb+ %\ld be cont9u$1 h[ev]1 z long z ! wip+ pat* is discolor$ by a blui%-gre5 /a94 ,normally a c\ple ( m9utes' "w is suffici5t4 ,dry ?or\ghly & oil4 7d7 ,! prop] me?od ( oil+ a b>rel is z foll[s3 ,wipe ! clean+ roll dry2 select a clean pat* & ?or\ghly saturate x ) sp]m oil or w>m$ cosmic1 be+ sure t ! cosmic has p5etrat$ ! pat*2 scrub ! bore ) ! pat*1 f9ally draw+ ! pat* smoo?ly f ! muzzle to ! bree*1 all[+ ! clean+ rod to turn ) ! rifl+4 ,! bore w be f\nd n[ to be smoo? & bright s t any subsequ5t ru/ & sweat+ c be easily detect$ by inspection4 7e7 ,if pat*es ( metal f\l+ are se5 ^u visual inspection ( ! bore ! /&>d metal f\l+ solution prep>$ z h]e9aft] prescrib$ mu/ be us$4 ,aft] scrubb+ out ) ! soda solution1 plug ! bore f ! bree* ) a cork at ! front end ( ! *amb] or :]e ! rifl+ beg9s4 ,slip a #b-;in* section ( rubb] hose ov] ! muzzle d[n to ! sight & fill ) ! /&>d solution to at lea/ "o-half in* above ! muzzle ( ! b>rel4 ,let x /& = #cj m9utes1 p\r out ! /&>d solution1 remove hose & bree* plug1 & swab out ?or\ghly ) soda solution to neutralize & remove all trace ( ammonia & p[d] f\l+4 ,wipe ! b>rel clean1 dry1 & oil4 ,) few exceptions1 "o application is suffici5t1 b if all f\l+ is n remov$1 z det]m9$ by c>eful visual inspection ( ! bore & ( ! wip+ pat*es1 repeat z describ$ above4 7f7 ,aft] prop]ly clean+ ) ei!r ! swabb+ solution or ! /&>d solution1 z has j be5 describ$1 ! bore %\ld be clean & safe to oil & put away1 b z a measure ( safety a pat* %\ld always be run ?r\gh ! bore on ! next day & ! bore & wip+ pat* exam9$ to insure t clean+ has be5 prop]ly accompli%$4 ,! bore %\ld !n be oil$1 z describ$ above4 7g7 ,if ! swabb+ solution or ! /&>d metal-f\l+ solution is n available1 ! b>rel %\ld be scrubb$1 z already describ$1 ) ! soda solution1 dri$1 & oil$ ) a light oil4 ,at ! end ( #bd h\rs x %\ld aga9 be clean$1 :5 x w usually be f\nd to h sweat$2 t is1 ru/ hav+ =m$ "u ! sme> ( metal f\l+ :]e p[d] f\l+ 0 pres5t1 ! surface is puff$ up4 ,usually a second clean+ is suffici5t1 b to insure safety x %\ld be aga9 exam9$ at ! end ( a few days1 be=e f9al oil+4 ,! swabb+ solution %\ld always be us$1 if available1 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t ea* puff :5 ! bore sweats is an incipi5t ru/ pit4 7h7 ,a clean dry surface hav+ be5 obta9$1 to prev5t ru/ x is necess>y to coat e portion ( ?is surface ) a film ( neutral oil4 ,if ! protection requir$ is b tempor>y & ! arm is to be clean$ or fir$ 9 a few days1 sp]m oil may be us$4 ,?is is easily appli$ & easily remov$1 b has n suffici5t body to hold its surface = m ?an a few days4 ,if rifles are to be prep>$ = /orage or %ipm5t1 a heavi] oil1 su* z cosmic1 mu/ be us$4 7i7 ,9 prep>+ arms = /orage or %ipm5t !y %\ld be clean$ ) p>ticul> c>e1 us+ ! metal-f\l+ solution z describ$ above4 ,c>e %\ld be tak51 insur$ by c>eful inspection on succe$+ day or days1 t ! clean+ is prop]ly done & all traces ( ammonia solution remov$4 ,! bore is !n ready to be coat$ ) cosmic4 ,at ord9>y temp]atures cosmic is n fluid4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to insure t e "p ( ! surface is coat$ ) a film ( oil ! cosmic %\ld be w>m$4 ,apply ! cosmic fir/ ) a bru%2 !n1 ) ! bree* plugg$1 fill ! b>rel to ! muzzle1 p\r out ! surplus1 remove ! bree*block1 & all[ to dra94 ,x is believ$ t m rifles are ru9$ by improp] prep>ation = /orage ?an f any o!r cause4 ,if ! bore is n clean :5 oil$--t is1 if p[d] f\l+ is pres5t or ru/ has />t$--a half in* ( cosmic on ! outside w n /op its action1 & ! b>rel w be ru9$4 ,rememb] t ! surface mu/ be p]fectly clean$ be=e ! heavy oil is appli$4 ,if ! in/ructions z giv5 above are c>efully foll[$1 arms may be /or$ = ye>s )\t h>m4 7j7 ,prep>ation ( solutions3 ,sodasolution--,?is %\ld be a saturat$ solution or sal soda 7bic>bonate ( soda74 ,a /r5g? ( at lea/ #bj p] c5t is necess>y4 ,! spoon ref]r$ to 9 ! foll[+ directions is ! model #aiaj spoon issu$ 9 ! mess outfit4 ,sal soda1 "o-f\r? p\nd1 or f\r 7#d7 heap+ spoonfuls4 ,wat]1 #a p9t or cup1 model ( #aiaj1 to upp] rivets4 ,! sal soda w dissolve m readily 9 hot wat]4 ,swabb+solution4--,ammonium p]sulphate1 #fj gra9s1 "o-half spoonful smoo!d (f4 ,ammonia1 #bh p] c5t1 #f ounces1 or ?ree-eigh?s ( a p9t1 or #ab spoonfuls4 ,wat]1 #d ounces1 or "o-f\r? p9t1 or #h spoonfuls4 ,dissolve ! ammonium p]sulphate 9 ! wat] & add ! ammonia4 ,keep 9 tightly cork$ bottle2 p\r out only :at is necess>y at ! "t1 & keep ! bottle cork$4 ,/&>dmetalf\l+solution4--,ammonium p]sulphate1 #a ounce1 or #b m$ium heap+ spoonfuls4 ,ammonium c>bonate1 #bjj gra9s1 or #a heap+ spoonful4 ,ammonia1 #bh p] c5t1 #f ounces1 or ?ree-eigh?s p9t1 or #ab spoonfuls4 ,wat]1 #d ounces1 or "o-f\r? p9t1 or #h spoonfuls4 ,p[d] ! p]sulphate & c>bonate toge!r1 dissolve 9 ! wat] & add ! ammonia2 mix ?or\ghly & all[ to /& = "o h\r be=e us+4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 a /rong bottle1 tightly cork$4 ,! solution %\ld n be us$ m ?an twice1 & us$ solution %\ld n be mix$ ) unus$ solution1 b %\ld be bottl$ sep>ately1 ,! solution1 :5 mix$1 %\ld be us$ )9 #cj days6 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 mix+ & us+ ?is solution to prev5t injury to ! rifle4 ,an exp]i5c$ noncommission$ (fic] %\ld mix ! solution & sup]9t5d its use4 ,nei!r ( ^! ammonia solutions h any appreciable action on /eel :5 n expos$ to ! air1 b if all[$ to evaporate on /eel !y attack x rapidly4 ,c>e %\ld1 !re=e1 be tak5 t none spills on ! me*anism & t ! b>rel is wa%$ out promptly ) soda solution4 ,! fir/ application ( soda solution removes ! great] portion ( ! p[d] f\l+ & p]mits a m effective & economical use ( ! ammonia solution4 ,^! ammonia solutions are exp5sive & %\ld be us$ economically4 7k7 ,x is a fact recogniz$ by all t a highly poli%$ /eel surface ru/s mu* less easily ?an "o :i* is r\gh5$3 also t a b>rel :i* is pitt$ f\ls mu* m rapidly ?an "o :i* is smoo?4 ,e ef=t1 !re=e1 %\ld be made to prev5t ! =mation ( pits1 :i* are m]ely enl>g$ ru/ spots1 & :i* n only affect ! accuracy ( ! arm b increase ! labor ( clean+4 7l7 ,! *amb]s ( rifles are frequ5tly neglect$ because !y are n readily inspect$4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t !y are clean$ z ?or\ghly z ! bore4 ,a r\gh5$ *amb] delays greatly ! rapidity ( fire1 & n infrequ5tly causes %ells to /ick4 7m7 ,a clean+ rack %\ld be provid$ = e b>rack4 ,rifles %\ld always be clean$ f ! brea*1 ?us avoid+ possible injury to ! rifl+ at ! muzzle1 :i* w\ld affect ! %oot+ adv]sely4 ,if ! bore = a l5g? ( #f in*es at ! muzzle is p]fect1 a m9or injury ne> ! *amb] w h little effect on ! accuracy ( ! rifle4 ,! rifle %\ld be clean$ z soon z ! fir+ = ! day is complet$4 ,! f\l+ is easi] to remove !n1 & if left long] x w corrode ! b>rel4 7n7 ,! pr9ciples z outl9$ above apply equally well = ! c>e ( ! b>rel ( ! automatic pi/ol4 ,special att5tion %\ld be paid to clean+ ! *amb] ( ! pi/ol1 us+ ! soda solution4 ,x has be5 f\nd t ! *amb] pits readily if x is n c>efully clean$1 ) ! result t ! op]ation ( ! pi/ol is made less c]ta94 7,p>4#acd1,small,arms ,fir+,manual1#aiac47 ,,section #d4 ,,uni=ms4 ,uni=ms & clo?+ issu$ to enli/$ m5 mu/ n be sold1 pawn$1 loan$1 giv5 away1 lo/ or damag$ ?r\gh neglect or c>elessness4 ,any soldi] :o violates ?is rule may be tri$ by a milit>y c\rt & puni%$4 ,all uni=ms & articles ( clo?+ issu$ to enli/$ m51 :e!r or n *>g$ on _! clo?+ all[ance1 rema9 ! prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & d n become ! prop]ty ( ! soldi] ei!r be=e or aft] dis*>ge f ! s]vice4 ,"u ! law a soldi] honorably dis*>g$ f ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is au?oriz$ to we> 8 uni=m f ! place ( 8 dis*>ge to 8 home )9 ?ree mon?s aft] ! date ( su* dis*>ge4 ,to we> ! uni=m aft] ?ree mon?s f ! date ( su* dis*>ge r5d]s su* p]son liable to f9e or imprisonm5t1 or bo?4 ,! dress uni=m 7! blue uni=m7 consi/s ( ! dress cap1 dress coat1 dress tr\s]s1 & russet-lea!r %oes4 ,! /raight1 /&+1 milit>y1 :ite l95 coll>1 %[+ no op5+ 9 front1 is always worn ) ?is uni=m1 ) n to exce$ "o-half in* %[+ above ! coll> ( ! coat4 ,turnd[n1 piccadilly1 or roll coll>s are n au?oriz$4 ,:5 "u arms1 :ite gloves & ! g>rison belt 7or russet-lea!r belt & c>tridge box7 are worn4 ,! full-dress uni=m is ! same z ! dress uni=m1 ) ! brea/ cord add$4 ,! s]vice uni=m is ei!r cotton 7summ]7 or wool5 7w9t]7 olive drab4 ,= duty 9 ! field x consi/s ( ! s]vice hat1 ) cord sew$ on1 s]vice coat or sweat]1 s]vice bree*es1 olive-drab flannel %irt1 legg+s1 russet-lea!r %oes1 & id5tification tag4 ,9 cold wea!r olive-drab wool5 gloves are worn2 at o!r times1 no gloves4 ,:5 n 9 ! field1 ! s]vice cap is worn in/ead ( ! campaign hat4 ,"u arms1 :ite gloves & ! g>rison belt 7or russet-lea!r belt & c>tridge box7 are worn4 ,we> ! exact uni=m prescrib$ by y\r comm&+ (fic]1 :e!r y are on duty or (f duty4 ,nev] we> a mix$ uni=m1 z1 = in/ance1 a "p ( ! s]vice uni=m ) ! blue uni=m4 ,nev] we> any "p ( ! uni=m ) civilian clo!s4 ,x is v unsoldi]ly1 = example1 to we> a civilian ov]coat ov] ! uni=m or to we> ! uni=m ov]coat ov] a civilian suit4 ,keep ! uni=m clean & neat & 9 good repair4 ,grease spots & du/ & dirt %\ld be remov$ z soon z possible4 ,rips & te>s %\ld be promptly m5d$4 ,miss+ buttons & cap & coll> ornam5ts %\ld be promptly replac$4 ,!re is b "o correct & soldi]ly way to we> ! cap4 ,nev] we> x on ! back or side ( ! head4 ,! s]vice hat %\ld be worn 9 ! regulation %ape1 peak$1 ) f\r ind5tations1 & ) hat cord sew$ on4 ,d n cov] x ) p5 or p5cil m>k4 ,nev] appe> outside y\r room or t5t ) y\r coat or olive-drab %irt unbutton$ or coll> ( coat unhook$4 ,*evrons1 s]vice /ripes1 & campaign m$als & badges are a "p ( ! uni=m & mu/ be worn z prescrib$4 ,:5 coats are n worn ) ! s]vice uni=m olive-drab %irts are prescrib$4 ,susp5d]s mu/ nev] be worn expos$ to view4 ,nev] appe> 9 bree*es )\t legg+s4 ,lea!r legg+s %\ld be kept poli%$4 ,canvas legg+s %\ld be scrubb$ :5 dirty4 ,russet-lea!r 7tan7 %oes %\ld be kept clean & poli%$4 ,! ov]coat :5 worn mu/ be button$ ?r\gh\t & ! coll> hook$4 ,:5 ! belt is worn x w be worn outside ! ov]coat4 ,,section #e4 ,,! ,,s]vice ,,kit4 ,! s]vice kit is compos$ ( two p>ts--7a7 ! field kit1 :i* includes ev]y?+ ! soldi] we>s or c>ries ) him 9 ! field1 & 7b7 ! surplus kit4 ,! field kit consi/s (-- 7a7 ,! clo?+ worn on ! p]son4 7b7 ,arms & equipm5t1 consi/+ (-- ,,= ,,ea* ,,enli/$ ,,man4#a #a fir/-aid packet4 #a p\* = fir/-aid packet4 #a cante54 #a cante5 cov]4 #a c1 bacon4 #a c1 condim5t4 #a pack c>ri] 7except individually m\nt$ m574 #a hav]sack 7except individually m\nt$ m574 #a meat c4 #a cup4 #a knife4 #a =k4 #a spoon4 #a %elt] t5t half4 #a %elt] t5t pole 7:5 issu$74 #e %elt] t5t p9s4 #a id5tification tag ) tape4 ,footnote #a3 ,new model equipm5t1 #aiaj4 ,! old model equipm5t is ! same except omit cante5 cov]1 bacon & condim5t cans1 & pack c>ri]1 & add #a c>tridge-belt susp5d]s1 #a cante5 /rap1 & #a blanket-roll /raps1 set4 ,,= ,,ea* ,,enli/$ ,,man ,,arm$ ,,) ,,! ,,rifle4 #a ,unit$ ,/ates magaz9e rifle1 calib] 4#cj4 #a bayonet4 #a bayonet scabb>d4 #a gun sl+4 #a rifle c>tridge belt4 ,,= ,,ea* ,,ea* ,,enli/$ ,,man ,,arm$ ,,) ,,! ,,pi/ol4 #a pi/ol1 calib] 4#de4 #a pi/ol hol/]4 #a magaz9e pocket1 d\ble1 web4 #b extra magaz9es4 #a pi/ol belt 7except = m5 arm$ also ) ! rifle74 ,,= ,,ea* ,,enli/$ ,,man1 ,,individually ,,m\nt$1 ,,9 ,,addition ,,to ,,! ,,above4 #a rifle scabb>d 7if arm$ ) rifle74 #a spurs1 pair4 #a spur /raps1 pair4 #a set ( horse equipm5t4 7c7 ,extra clo?+ & articles to be c>ri$ on ! soldi] or on ! pack$ saddle4 #a blanket4 #a comb4 #a draw]s1 pair1 #a pon*o 7dism\nt$ m571 #a slick] 7m\nt$ m574 #a soak1 cake4 #b /ock+s1 pair4 #a too?bru%4 #a t[el4 #a und]%irt4 #a h\sewife 7= "o man ( ea* squad74 7d7 ,ammunition1 consi/+ (-- #ij r\nds ball c>tridges1 calib] 4#cj 7old model belt74 #ajj r\nds ball c>tridges1 calib] 4#cj 7new model belt74 7e7 ,rations1 consi/+ (-- #a or #b res]ve rations 7bacon1 h>d bread1 c(fee1 sug>1 & salt74 7f7 ,intr5*+ tools1 consi/+ (-- #b pick mattocks1 p] squad4 #a bolo or h& axe1 p] squad4 #d %ovels1 intr5*+1 p] squad4 #a wire cutt]1 p] squad4 ,,section #f4 ,,! ,,surplus ,,kit4 ,! surplus kit = ea* man consi/s (-- #a bree*es1 pair4 #a draw]s1 pair4 #a %irt1 olive drab4 #a %oes1 russet lea!r1 pair4 #b /ock+s1 pair4 #a und]%irt4 #a %oe laces1 extra1 pair4 ,ea* surplus kit bag conta9s #a jo9t$ clean+ rod & case4 ,squad lead]s are responsible t surplus kit bags are kept 9 ord] & fully pack$ 9 ! field4#b ,m5 are all[$ access to !m = ! purpose ( mak+ sub/itutions4 ,footnote #b3 ,9 campaign or simulat$ campaign1 :5 an organization is re/rict$ to its prescrib$ field-tra9 transportation1 surplus kits1 ov]coats1 & sweat]s are /or$ on ! l9e ( communications or o!r designat$ place ) ! p]man5t camp equipm5t ( ! organization4 ,! surplus kits are pack$ 9 surplus kit bags1 "o = ea* squad1 "o = s]geants1 & "o = cooks & bugl]s4 ,! kit ( ea* man w be pack$ z foll[s3 ,/ock+s to be roll$ tightly1 "o pair 9 ! toe ( ea* %oe2 %oes plac$ toge!r1 heels at opposite ends1 soles outw>d1 wrapp$ tightly 9 und]we>1 & bundle securely ti$ ar\nd ! middle by ! extra pair ( ! %oe laces1 ea* bundle to be tagg$ ) ! company numb] ( ! own]4 ,^! individual kits w be pack$ 9 ! surplus kit bag 9 two lay]s ( f\r kits ea*1 ! bree*es & olive drab %irts to be neatly fold$ f9d pack$ on ! top & sides ( ! lay]s1 ! jo9t$ clean+ rod & case1 provid$ = ea* squad1 be+ atta*$ by ! ?ongs on ! inside ( ! bag4 ,:5 ov]coats or sweat]s are n prescrib$ to be worn on ! p]son !y w be collect$ into bundles ( conv5i5t size & secur$ by burlap or o!r suitable mat]ial1 or w be box$4 ,!y w be m>k$ ready = equipm5t to be =w>d$ :5 requir$4 ,,section #g4 ,,assembl+ ,,infantry ,,equipm5t4#c ,footnote #c3 ,s9ce ^! in/ructions 7 writt5 #a draw]s & #a und]%irt h be5 add$ to ! field kit4 ,place !m 9 pack :5 c>ri$1 o!rwise 9 hav]sack4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,full ,,equipm5t4 ,,) ,,rations4 ,place ! assembl$ equipm5t on ! gr\nd1 susp5d] side ( hav]sack d[n1 pockets ( c>tridge belt up1 hav]sack spread put1 inside flap & pack c>ri] ext5d$ _! full l5g? to ! re>4 ,place ?ree c>tons ( h>d bread 9 ! c5t] ( ! hav]sack body1 ! l[] "o on ! l9e ( atta*m5t ( ! inside flap2 lay ! rema9+ c>ton ( h>d bread1 ! condim5t c & ! bacon c on ! top ( ^!1 ! condim5t c & ! bacon c at ! bottom1 top ( ! bacon c to ! front2 ! socks & toilet articles are roll$1 t[el on ! outside1 into a bundle ( ! same approximate dim5sions z a c>ton ( h>d bread1 & are plac$ 9 front ( ! two r[s ?us =m$4 ,! inside flap ( ! hav]sack is fold$ ov] ^! articles1 ! end ( ! flap be+ turn$ 9 s t ! flap1 ?us %ort5$1 ext5ds ab\t #b in*es beyond ! top ( ! upp] r[2 ! sides ( ! hav]sack are fold$ ov] ! sides ( ! r[s2 ! upp] b9d+ /raps are pass$ ?r\gh ! loops on ! outside ( ! inside flap1 ea* /rap ?r\gh ! loop opposite ! po9t ( its atta*m5t to ! hav]sack body1 & fa/5$ by means ( ! buckle on ! opposite side1 ! /rap be+ pass$ ?r\gh ! op5+ 9 ! buckle next to its atta*m5t1 ov] ! c5t] b>1 & back ?r\gh ! op5+ ( ! buckle away f its atta*m5t2 ! /rap is pull$ tight to make ! fa/5+ secure2 ! out] flap ( ! hav]sack is fold$ ov] & fa/5$ by means ( ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap & ! buckle on ! inside ( ! out] flap2 ! /rap is pull$ tight1 draw+ ! out] flap snugly ov] ! fill$ hav]sack4 ,! hav]sack is n[ pack$ & ! c>ri] is ready = ! reception ( ! pack4 ,if "o res]ve ration & "o em]g5cy ration are c>ri$ 9 lieu ( two res]ve rations1 ! hav]sack is pack$ 9 ! mann] describ$ above1 except t two c>tons ( h>d bread & ! bacon c =m ! bottom lay]1 ! bacon c on ! bottom2 ! condim5t c1 ! em]g5cy ration1 & ! toilet articles =m ! top lay]4 ,if "o em]g5cy ration is c>ri$ 9 addition to ! two res]ve rations1 x is pack$ on top ( ! top lay]4 ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,pack3 ,spread ! %elt] half on ! gr\nd & fold 9 ! triangul> ends1 =m+ an approximate squ>e f ! half1 ! guy on ! inside2 fold ! pon*o once across its %orte/ dim5sion1 !n twice across its longe/ dim5sion1 & lay x 9 ! c5t] ( ! %elt] half2 fold ! blanket z describ$ = ! pon*o & place x on ! latt]2 place ! %elt] t5t p9s 9 ! folds ( ! blanket1 9 ! c5t] & across ! %orte/ dim5sion2 fold ! edges ( ! %elt] half snugly ov] ! blanket & pon*o &1 beg9n+ on ei!r ( ! %ort sides1 roll tightly & compactly4 ,?is =ms ! pack4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,pack3 ,place ! pack 9 ! pack c>ri] & grasp ! l[] susp5sion r+s1 "o 9 ea* h&2 place ! "r knee aga9/ ! bottom ( ! roll2 pull ! c>ri] d[n & =ce ! pack up close aga9/ ! bottom ( ! pack$ hav]sack2 )\t remov+ ! knee1 pass ! l[] c>ri] b9d+ /rap ov] ! pack & secure x by means ( ! opposite buckle2 9 a simil> mann] secure ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap & !n ! upp] c>ri] b9d+ /rap4 ,engage ! snap hook on ! pack susp5d]s 9 ! l[] susp5sion r+s4 ,! equipm5t is n[ assembl$ & pack$ z prescrib$ = ! full equipm5t4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,full ,,equipm5t4 ,,)\t ,,rations4 ,place ! assembl$ equipm5t on ! gr\nd z h]et(ore describ$2 fold up ! inside flap ( ! hav]sack s t its end w be on a l9e ) ! top ( ! hav]sack body2 fold up ! l[] hav]sack /rap 9 ! same mann]4 ,,to ,,make ,,up ,,! ,,pack3 ,fold ! pon*o1 blanket1 & %elt] half1 & make up ! pack z h]et(ore prescrib$1 except t ! condim5t & bacon c 7! =m] inside ! latt]7 & ! toilet articles & socks are roll$ 9 ! pack4 ,9 ?is case ! pack is roll$1 beg9n+ on ei!r ( ! long sides in/ead ( ! %ort sides1 z h]et(ore describ$4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,pack3 ,place ! pack on ! hav]sack & pack c>ri]1 its upp] end on a l9e ) ! upp] edge ( ! hav]sack body3 b9d x to ! hav]sack & c>ri] by means ( ! hav]sack & pack b9d+ /raps2 fold d[n ! out] flap on ! hav]sack & secure x by means ( ! free end ( ! middle hav]sack b9d+ /rap & ! buckle provid$ on ! und]side ( ! flap2 engage ! snap hooks ( ! p>k susp5d]s 9 ! l[] susp5sion r+s4 ,! equipm5t is n[ pack$ & assembl$4 ,,to ,,adju/ ,,! ,,equipm5t ,,to ,,! ,,soldi]3 ,put on ! equipm5t1 slipp+ ! arms "o at a "t ?r\gh ! pack susp5d]s z ?r\gh ! sleeves ( a coat2 by means ( ! adju/+ buckles on ! belt susp5d]s raise or l[] ! belt until x re/s well d[n ov] ! hip bones on ! sides & bel[ ! pit ( ! abdom5 9 front2 raise or l[] x 9 re> until ! adju/+ /rap lies smoo?ly across ! small ( ! back2 by means ( ! adju/+ buckles on ! pack susp5d]s1 raise or l[] ! load on ! back until ! top ( ! hav]sack is on a level ) ! top ( ! %\ld]s1 ! pack susp5d]s1 f _! po9t ( atta*m5t to ! hav]sack to ! l9e ( tang5cy ) ! %\ld]1 be+ horizontal4 ,!latt]isabsolutely ess5tialto!prop]adju/m5t(!load4 ,! position ( ! belt is ! same :e!r fill$ or empty4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,full ,,equipm5t ,,less ,,! ,,pack4 ,,) ,,rations4 ,deta* ! c>ri] f ! hav]sack2 place ! re/ ( ! equipm5t on ! gr\nd z h]et(ore describ$2 place ! f\r c>tons ( h>d bread1 ! bacon c1 ! condim5t c1 & ! toilet articles 9 "o r[ 9 ! middle ( ! hav]sack body1 ! toilet articles at ! top1 ! bacon c at ! bottom1 top to ! front1 ! r[ ext5d+ f top to bottom ( ! hav]sack2 fold ! inside flap ov] ! r[ ?us =m$2 fold ! sides ( ! hav]sack up & ov]2 pass ! ?ree hav]sack b9d+ /raps ?r\gh ! loops on ! inside flap & secure by means ( ! buckles on ! opposite side ( ! hav]sack2 pass ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap ?r\gh ! small buttonhole 9 ! l[] edge ( ! hav]sack1 fold ! out] flap ( ! hav]sack ov] ! :ole1 & secure by means ( ! buckle on its und]side & ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap4 ,pass ! hav]sack susp5sion r+s ?r\gh ! contigu\s buttonholes 9 ! l[] edge ( ! hav]sack & engage ! snap hooks on ! ends ( ! pack susp5d]s4 ,if "o res]ve ration & "o em]g5cy ration are c>ri$ 9 lieu ( two res]ve rations1 ! hav]sack is pack$ 9 ! mann] describ$ above1 except t "o em]g5cy ration is sub/itut$ = two ( ! c>tons ( h>d bread4 ,if "o em]g5cy ration is c>ri$ 9 addition to ! two res]ve rations1 x is pack$ on top ( ! lay]4 ,,to ,,assemble ,,! ,,full ,,equipm5t ,,less ,,! ,,pack4 ,,)\t ,,rations4 ,deta* ! c>ri] f ! hav]sack2 place ! re/ ( ! equipm5t on ! gr\nd1 z h]et(ore describ$2 fold up ! inside flap ( ! hav]sack until its upp] end is on a l9e ) ! top ( ! hav]sack body2 fold ! sides ( ! hav]sack ov]1 pass ! ?ree hav]sack b9d+ /raps ?r\gh ! loops on ! inside flap & secure by means ( ! buckles on ! opposite side ( ! hav]sack2 pass ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap ?r\gh ! small buttonhole 9 ! l[] edge ( ! hav]sack2 place ! condim5t & bacon c 7! =m] inside ! latt]7 & ! toilet articles & socks 9 ! bottom ( ! p\* ?us =m$2 fold ! out] flap ( ! hav]sack ov] ! :ole & secure by means ( ! buckle on its und]side & ! l[] hav]sack b9d+ /rap4 ,pass ! hav]sack susp5sion r+s ?r\gh ! contigu\s buttonholes 9 ! l[] edge ( ! hav]sack & engage ! snap hooks on ! ends ( ! pack susp5d]s4 ,,to ,,adju/ ,,! ,,equipm5t ,,to ,,! ,,soldi]3 ,put on ! equipm5t z prescrib$ = ! full equipm5t4 ,adju/ ! c>tridge belt z prescrib$ = ! full equipm5t4 ,adju/ ! pack susp5d]s s t ! top ( ! hav]sack is on a level ) ! top ( ! %\ld]s4 ,,to ,,disc>d ,,! ,,pack ,,)\t ,,remov+ ,,! ,,equipm5t ,,f ,,! ,,body4 ,unsnap ! pack susp5d]s f ! susp5sion r+s & snap !m into ! eyelets on top ( ! belt & 9 re> ( ! real pockets ( ! "r & left pocket sections2 support ! bottom ( ! pack ) ! left h& & ) ! "r h& grasp ! c\pl+ /rap at its middle & )draw fir/ "o end1 !n ! o!r2 press d[n g5tly on ! pack ) bo? h&s & remove x4 ,:5 ! pack has be5 remov$1 lace ! c\pl+ /rap into ! buttonholes along ! upp] edge ( ! c>ri]4 ,adju/ ! pack susp5d]s4 ,,old ,,model ,,equipm5t4 ,to roll ! blanket roll4--,see *apt] ,v1 section #h1 p>agraph #gdg4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,rations ,,& ,,=age4 ,,section #a4 ,,! ,,ration4 ,a ration is ! all[ance ( food = "o man = "o day4 ,9 ! field !re are ?ree k9ds ( rations issu$1 z foll[s3 ,! g>risonration is int5d$ to be issu$ 9 k9d :5ev] possible4 ,! approximate net weight ( ?is ration is #d4e p\nds4 ,! res]veration is ! simple/ effici5t ration1 & con/itutes ! res]ve c>ri$ = field s]vice4 ,x consi/s (-- ,ounces4 ,bacon #ab ,h>d bread #af ,c(fee1 roa/$ & gr\nd #a4ab ,sug> #b4d ,salt 4#af ----- ,approximate net weight p\nds #b ,! fieldration is ! ration prescrib$ 9 ord]s by ! comm&] ( ! field =ces4 ,x consi/s ( ! res]ve ration1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 supplem5t$ by articles requisition$ or pur*as$ locally or %ipp$ f ! re>4 ,9 campaign a comm& c>ries z a "p ( its normal equipm5t ! foll[+ rations3 7a7 ,on ea* man3 ,at lea/ two days' res]ve rations4 7b7 ,9 ! ration section ( ! field tra91 = ea* man3 ,two days' field & "o day's res]ve rations4 7c7 ,9 ! supply tra93 ,two days' field rations4 ,9 addition to ! =ego+1 comm&]s w require ea* man on ! m>* to c>ry ! unconsum$ portion ( ! day's ration issu$ ! night be=e = ! noonday meal4 ,res]ve rations are consum$ only 9 case ( extreme necessity1 :5 o!r supplies are n available4 ,!y are n to be consum$ or r5ew$ )\t an express ord] f ! (fic] 9 comm& ( ! troops :o is responsible = ! provision ( supplies1 namely1 ! division comm&] or o!r indep5d5t-deta*m5t comm&]4 ,e (fic] )9 ! limits ( 8 comm& is held responsible = ! en=cem5t ( ?is regulation4 ,res]ve rations consum$ mu/ he replac$ at ! fir/ ,opportunity4 ,,section #b4 ,,individual ,,cook+4 ,sometimes rations = sev]al days are issu$ to ! soldi] at "o "t1 & 9 su* cases y %\ld be v c>eful to s use ! rations t !y w la/ y ! entire p]iod4 ,if y /uff y\rself "o day1 or wa/e y\r rations1 y w h to />ve lat] on4 ,g5]ally ! cook+ = ! company w be done by ! company cook1 b sometimes e soldi] w h to prep>e 8 own meals1 us+ only 8 field mess kit = ! purpose4 ,! be/ fire = individual cook+ is a small1 cle> "o1 or1 bett] yet1 a few brisk coals4 ,to make su* a fire1 fir/ ga!r a numb] ( /icks ab\t #a in* 9 diamet]4 ,^! %\ld be dry4 ,dead limbs adh]+ to a tree are dry] ?an ^? pick$ up f ! gr\nd4 ,split "s ( ^! & %ave !m up into k9dl+4 ,dig a tr5* 9 ! gr\nd1 laid ) ! w9d1 ab\t a foot long1 #d in*es wide1 & #f in*es deep4 ,/>t ! fire 9 ?is tr5* gradually1 pil+ on ! heavi] wood z ! fire gr[s4 ,:5 ! tr5* is full ( burn+ wood1 all[ x a few m9utes to burn d[n to ! coals & /op blaz+ high4 ,!n re/ ! meat c & cup ov] ! tr5* & />t cook+4 ,ei!r may be support$1 if necess>y1 ) gre5 /icks4 ,if y c n scrape a tr5* 9 ! soil1 build "o up out ( rocks or ) two p>allel logs4 ,! foll[+ recipes h be5 furni%$ f ! (fice ( ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,g5]al1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army3 ,c(fee4--,fill ! cup two-?irds full ( wat] & br+ to a boil4 ,add "o heap+ spoonful ( c(fee & /ir well1 add+ "o spoonful ( sug> if desir$4 ,boil five m9utes & !n set x to ! side ( ! fire to simm] = ab\t #aj m9utes4 ,!n1 to cle> ! c(fee1 ?r[ 9 a spoonful or two ( cold wat]4 ,?is c(fee is ( m$ium /r5g? & is )9 ! limit ( ! ration if made b twice a day4 ,cocoa4--,take two-?irds ( a cupful ( wat]1 br+ to a boil1 add "o heap+ spoonful ( cocoa1 & /ir until dissolv$4 ,add "o spoonful ( sug>1 if desir$1 & boil = five m9utes4 ,*ocolate4--,take two-?irds ( a cupful ( wat]1 br+ to a boil1 add a piece ( *ocolate ab\t ! size ( a hickory nut1 break+ or cutt+ x into small pieces & /irr+ until dissolv$4 ,add "o spoonful ( sug>1 if desir$1 & boil = five m9utes4 ,tea4--,take two-?irds ( a cupful ( wat]1 br+ to a boll1 add "o-half ( a level spoonful ( tea1 & !n let x /& or draw = ?ree m9utes4 ,if all[$ to /& long] ! tea w get bitt]1 unless sep>at$ f ! t5 leaves4 ,,meats4 ,bacon4--,cut slices ab\t five to ! in*1 ?ree ( :i* %\ld g5]ally be suffici5t = "o man = "o meal4 ,place 9 a meat c ) ab\t "o-half in* ( cold wat]4 ,let come to a boll & !n p\r ! wat] (f4 ,fry ov] a brisk fire1 turn+ ! bacon once & quickly br[n+ x4 ,remove ! bacon to lid ( meat c1 leav+ ! grease = fry+ potatoes1 onions1 rice1 flapjacks1 etc41 accord+ to recipe4 ,fre%meat 7to fry74--,to fry1 a small am\nt ( grease 7"o to two spoonfuls7 is necess>y4 ,put grease 9 ! meat c & let come to a smok+ temp]ature1 !n drop 9 ! /eak &1 if ab\t "o-half in* ?ick1 let fry = ab\t "o m9ute be=e turn+1 dep5d+ ^u :e!r x is desir$ x %all be r>e1 m$ium1 or well done4 ,!n turn & fry briskly z be=e4 ,salt & pepp] to ta/e4 ,applies to beef1 veal1 pork1 mutton1 v5ison1 etc4 ,fre%meat 7to broil74--,cut 9 slices ab\t "o in* ?ick1 f half z l>ge z ! h& to f\r times t size4 ,%>p5 a /ick or bran* ( conv5i5t l5g?--say1 f two to f\r feet long--& weave ! po9t ( ! /ick ?r\gh ! /eak sev]al times1 s t x may be readily turn$ ov] a few brisk coals or on ! w9dw>d side ( a small fire4 ,all[ to br[n nicely1 turn+ frequ5tly4 ,salt & pepp] to ta/e4 ,meat ) consid]able fat is pref]r$1 ?\gh any meat may be broil$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,fre%meat 7to /ew74--,cut into *unks f "o-half in* to "o in* cubes4 ,fill cup ab\t "o-?ird full ( meat & cov] ) ab\t "o in* ( wat]4 ,let boil or simm] ab\t "o h\r1 or until t5d]4 ,add su* fibr\s vegetables z c>rots1 turnips1 or cabbage1 cut into small *unks1 soon aft] ! meat is put on to boil1 & potatoes1 onions1 or o!r t5d] vegetables :5 ! meat is ab\t half done4 ,am\nt ( vegetables to be add$1 ab\t ! same z meat1 dep5d+ ^u supply & ta/e4 ,salt & pepp] to ta/e4 ,applies to ail fre% meats & f[ls4 ,! proportion ( meat & vegetables us$ v>ies ) _! abundance1 & fix$ quantities c n be adh]$ to4 ,fre% fi% c be h&l$ z above1 except t x is cook$ mu* quick]1 & potatoes & onions & cann$ corn are ! only vegetables g5]ally us$ ) x1 ?us mak+ a *[d]4 ,a slice ( bacon w\ld greatly improve ! flavor4 ,may be conv5i5tly cook$ 9 meat c or cup4 ,,vegetables4 ,potatoes 7fri$74--,take two m$ium-siz$ potatoes or "o l>ge "o 7ab\t "o-half p\nd71 peel & cut into slices ab\t "o-f\r? in* ?ick & scatt] well 9 ! meat c 9 :i* ! grease rema9s aft] try+ ! bacon4 ,add suffici5t wat] to half cov] ! potatoes1 cov] ) ! lid to keep ! moi/ure 91 & let come to a boil = ab\t #ae to #bj m9utes4 ,remove ! cov] & dry z desir$4 ,salt & pepp] to ta/e4 ,dur+ ! cook+ ! bacon already prep>$ may be kept on ! cov]1 :i* is mo/ conv5i5tly plac$ bottom side up ov] ! cook+ vegetables4 ,onions 7fri$74--,same z potatoes4 ,potatoes 7boil$74--,peel two m$ium-siz$ potatoes 7ab\t "o-half p\nd7 or "o l>ge "o1 & cut 9 co>se *unks ( ab\t ! same size--say #a-a_/b in* cubes4 ,place 9 meat c & ?ree-f\r?s fill ) wat]4 ,cov] ) lid & let boil or simm] = #ae or #bj m9utes4 ,!y are done :5 easily p5etrat$ ) a %>p /ick4 ,p\r (f ! wat] & let dry out = "o or two m9utes ov] hot a%es or light coals4 ,potatoes 7bak$74--,take two m$ium-siz$ potatoes 7ab\t1 "o-half p\nd7 or "o l>ge "o cut 9 half4 ,lay 9 a b$ ( light coals & cov] ) same & smo!r ) a%es4 ,d n di/urb = #cj or #dj m9utes1 :5 !y %\ld be done4 ,cann$tomatoes4--,"o #b-p\nd c is g5]ally suffici5t = five m54 ,/ew4--,p\r into ! meat c "o man's all[ance ( tomatoes & add ab\t two l>ge h>dtacks brok5 into small pieces & let come to a boil4 ,add salt & pepp] to ta/e1 or add a p9* ( salt & "o-f\r? spoonful ( sug>4 ,or1 hav+ tri$ ! bacon1 p\r ! tomatoes into ! meat c1 ! grease rema9+1 & add1 if desir$1 two brok5 h>dtacks4 ,set ov] a brisk fire & let come to a boil4 ,or1 heat ! tomatoes j z !y come f ! c1 add+ two p9*es ( salt & "o-half spoonful ( sug>1 if desir$4 ,or1 especially 9 hot wea!r1 eat5 cold ) h>d bread1 !y are v palatable4 ,rice4--,take ab\t two-?irds ( a cupful ( wat]1 br+ to a boll1 add f\r heap+ spoonfuls ( rice1 & boil until ! gra9s are s(t en\gh to be easily ma%$ betwe5 ! f+]s 7ab\t #bj m9utes74 ,add two p9*es ( salt &1 aft] /irr+1 p\r (f ! wat] & empty rice out on meat c4 ,bacon grease or sug> may be add$4 ,cornmeal1f9ehom9y1oatmeal4--,take ab\t "o-?ird ( a cupful ( wat]1 br+ to a boil1 add #d heap+ spoonfuls ( ! meal or hom9y1 & boil ab\t #bj m9utes4 ,!n add ab\t two p9*es ( salt & /ir well4 ,dri$beans&peas4--,put #d heap+ spoonfuls 9 ab\t two-?irds ( a cupful ( wat] & boil until s(t4 ,?is g5]ally takes f ?ree to f\r h\rs4 ,add "o p9* ( salt4 ,ab\t half an h\r be=e ! beans are done add "o slice ( bacon4 ,,hot ,,breads4 ,flapjacks4--,take #f spoonfuls ( fl\r & "o-?ird spoonful ( bak+ p[d] & mix ?or\ghly 7or dry mix 9 a l>ge pan be=e issue1 at ! rate ( #be p\nds ( fl\r & #c half cans ( bak+ p[d] = #ajj m574 ,add suffici5t cold wat] to make a batt] t w drip freely f ! spoon1 add+ a p9* ( salt4 ,p\r into ! meat c1 :i* %\ld conta9 ! grease f fri$ bacon or a spoonful ( butt] or fat1 & place ov] m$ium hot coals suffici5t to bake1 s t 9 f #e to #g m9utes ! flapjack may be turn$ by a quick toss ( ! pan4 ,fry f #e to #g m9utes long]1 or until by exam9ation x is f\nd to be done4 ,hoecake4--,hoecake is made exactly ! same z flapjacks by sub/itut+ cornmeal = fl\r4 ,em]g5cyrations4--,detail$ in/ructions z to ! mann] ( prep>+ ! em]g5cy ration are f\nd on ! label ( ea* c4 ,rememb] t ev5 a v limit$ am\nt ( bacon or h>d bread1 or bo?1 consum$ ) ! em]g5cy ration makes x f> m palatable1 & g5]ally ext5ds ! p]iod dur+ :i* x c be consum$ ) reli%4 ,= ?is reason x w\ld be bett] to husb& ! supply ( h>d bread & bacon = use ) ! em]g5cy ration :5 x becomes evid5t t ! latt] mu/ be consum$ r ?an to reta9 ! em]g5cy ration to ! la/ extremity & =ce its exclusive use = a long] p]iod ?an two or ?ree days4 ,,section #c4 ,,! ,,=age ,,ration4 #ajgg1;,army,regulations4--,! =age ration = a horse is #ad p\nds ( hay & #ab p\nds ( oats1 corn1 or b>ley1 & #c-a_/c p\nds ( /raw 7or hay7 = b$d+2 = a ,field ,artill]y horse ( ! heavy-draft type1 weigh+ #a1cjj p\nds or ov]1 #ag p\nds ( hay & #ad p\nds ( oats1 corn1 or b>ley1 & #c-a_/c p\nds ( /raw 7or hay7 = b$d+2 = a mule1 #ad p\nds ( hay & #i p\nds ( oats1 corn1 or b>ley1 & #c-a_/c p\nds ( /raw 7or hay7 = b$d+4 ,to ea* animal #c p\nds ( bran may be issu$ 9 lieu ( t quantity ( gra94 ,! comm&+ (fic] may1 9 8 discretion1 v>y ! proportions ( ! compon5ts ( ! ration 7#a p\nd ( gra91 #a-a_/b p\nds ( hay1 & #b p\nds ( /raw be+ tak5 z equival5ts71 & 9 ! field may sub/itute o!r recogniz$ articles ( =age obta9$ locally1 ! v>iation or ! sub/itution n to exce$ ! money value ( ! compon5ts ( ! ration at ! contract rates 9 effect at ! "t ( *ange4 #ajgh1;,army,regulations4--,:]e graz+ is practicable1 or :5 little "w is requir$ ( ! animals1 comm&+ (fic]s w r$uce ! =age ration4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 conditions dem& x1 !y are au?oriz$ to increase ! ration1 n 9 excess1 h[ev]1 ( sav+s made4 ,9 ! field ! au?oriz$ all[ances mu/ (t5 be r$uc$ & supplem5t$ by graz+ & o!r k9ds ( food1 su* z gre5 =age1 beans1 peas1 rice1 palay1 :eat1 & rye4 ,:eat & rye %\ld be cru%$ & f$ sp>+ly 7ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! all[ance74 ,= un%ell$ corn1 add ab\t "o-qu>t] weight4 ,on ! m>* ! gra9 ration is ! only =age c>ri$4 ,x consi/s ( #ab p\nds ( gra9 = ea* horse & #i p\nds ( gra9 = ea* mule4 ,rec\rse mu/ be _h to graz+ if x is n possible to procure long =age 9 ! c\ntry trav]s$4 ,9 campaign a comm& c>ries z a "p ( its normal equipm5t ! foll[+ =age3 7a7 ,= ea* draft animal3 ,on ea* vehicle a res]ve ( "o day's gra9 ration = its draft animals4 7b7 ,on animals & vehicles3 ,a portion ( _! gra9 ration issu$ ! night be=e1 = a noonday fe$4 7c7 ,9 ! ration section ( ! field tra91 = ea* animal1 two day's gra9 rations4 7d7 ,9 supply tra9 ( an ,infantry division two days' gra9 rations1 & ( a ,cavalry division "o days' gra9 ration4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,p]sonal ,,hygi5e ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,feet4 ,,p]sonal ,,hygi5e4 ,hi/ory %[s t 9 almo/ e w> _m m m5 die ( disease ?an f w\nds receiv$ 9 battle4 ,mu* ( ?is disease is prev5table & is due ei!r to ! ignorance or c>elessness ( ! p]son :o has ! disease or ( o!r p]sons ab\t him4 ,x is a t]rible tru? t "o man :o violates any ( ! great rules ( heal? may be ! means ( kill+ _m m ( 8 comrades ?an are kill$ by ! bullets ( ! enemy4 ,x is !re=e mo/ important t e soldi] %\ld le>n h[ to take c>e ( 8 heal? :5 9 ! field & t he %\ld also insi/ t 8 comrades d n violate any ( ! rules prescrib$ = ?is purpose4 ,a great _m diseases are due to g]ms1 :i* are ei!r little animals or little plants s v small t !y c only be se5 by aid ( ! microscope4 ,all diseases caus$ by g]ms are cat*+4 ,all o!r diseases are n cat*+4 ,!re are only five ways ( cat*+ disease3 7a7 ,gett+ c]ta9 g]ms on ! body by t\*+ "s "o or some?+ :i* has !m on x4 ,?us1 "o may cat* v5]eal diseases1 smallpox1 measles1 sc>let fev]1 *ick5 pox1 mumps1 bolls1 body lice1 r+worm1 b>b]'s it*1 dhopie it*1 & "s o!r diseases4 ,w\nds are infect$ 9 ?is mann]4 7b7 ,brea?+ 9 c]ta9 g]ms :i* float 9 ! air4 ,9 ?is way "o may cat* pneumonia1 consumption1 influ5za1 diph!ria1 :oop+ c\gh1 tonsilitis1 sp9al m5+itis1 measles1 & c]ta9 o!r diseases4 7c7 ,tak+ c]ta9 g]ms 9 ?r\gh ! m\? 9 eat+ or dr9k+4 ,dys5t]y1 *ol]a1 typhoid fev]1 di>rhea1 & inte/9al worms may be caught 9 ?is mann]1 7d7 ,hav+ c]ta9 g]ms inject$ into ! body by ! bites ( insects1 su* z mosquitoes1 fleas1 & b$bugs4 ,mal>ia1 yell[ fev]1 d5gue fev]1 & bubonic plague may be caught 9 ?is way4 7e7 ,inh]it+ ! g]m f "o's p>5ts4 ,p]sons may h ^! g]ms sometimes )\t app>5tly be+ sick ) any disease4 ,su* p]sons & p]sons :o are sick ) ! diseases are a great s\rce ( dang] to o!rs ab\t !m4 ,g]ms :i* multiply 9 su* p]sons are f\nd 9 _! ur9e & excretions f ! b[els2 9 dis*>ges f ulc]s & abscesses2 9 ! spit or p>ticles c\gh$ or sneez$ into ! air2 9 ! p]spiration or scales f ! sk92 & 9 ! blood suck$ up by bit+ insects4 ,^? :o h tak5 c>e ( _! heal? & :o h n become weak5$ by bad habits1 exposure1 & fatigue are n only less liable to cat* disease1 b are m apt to recov] :5 tak5 sick4 ,kn[+ all ^! ?+s1 ! soldi] c und]/& ! reasons = ! foll[+ rules & h[ important x is t !y %\ld be c>ri$ out by ea* & e p]son3 ,/ay away f p]sons hav+ cat*+ diseases4 ,x y h any disease1 don't try to cure x y\rself1 b g to ! surgeon4 ,insi/ t o!r soldi]s d likewise4 ,typhoid fev] is "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s & common camp diseases4 ,mod]n m$ic9e has1 h[ev]1 discov]$ an effective prev5tative = ?is disease 9 ! typhoid prophylactic1 :i* r5d]s ! p]son immune f typhoid fev]4 ,! treatm5t consi/s 9 inject+ into ! arm a prev5tative s]um4 ,! injection is giv5 ?ree times at #aj-;day int]vals4 ,association ) lewd wom5 is dang]\s4 ,x may result 9 disabl+ y = life4 ,x is ! cause ( a disease 7syphilis7 :i* may be transmitt$ by a p>5t to 8 *ildr54 ,soldi]s ) v5]eal diseases %\ld n use bas9s or toilet articles us$ by o!rs1 z ! g]ms ( ^! diseases if gott5 into ! eye v (t5 cause bl9dness4 ,likewise1 if !y use ! same dr9k+ cup us$ by o!rs !y may give o!rs ! disease4 ,!y %\ld promptly report _! tr\ble to ! surgeon1 t !y may receive ! be/ m$ical advice & att5tion4 ,%\ld a soldi] expose himself to infection by hav+ int]c\rse ) an unkn[n woman1 he %\ld report z soon z possible aft]w>ds to ! regim5tal infirm>y = prophylactic treatm5t1 :i*1 if tak5 )9 a few h\rs aft] int]c\rse1 w prev5t to a l>ge degree ! liability ( contract+ any disease4 ,cook$ g]ms are dead & !re=e h>mless4 ,wat]1 ev5 :5 cle>1 may be alive ) deadly g]ms4 ,!re=e1 :5 ! conditions are su* t ! comm&+ (fic] ord]s all dr9k+ wat] to be boil$1 be c>eful to live up to ?is ord]4 ,use ! latr9es & don't g else:]e to relieve y\rself4 ,9 op5 latr9es cov] y\r deposit ) dirt1 z x bre$s files & may also be full ( g]ms4 ,flies c>ry g]ms f "o place to ano!r4 ,!re=e see t y\r food & mess kit are protect$ f !m4 ,all slops f9d scraps ( food scatt]$ ab\t camp soon produce bad odors & draw flies4 ,!re=e d y\r "p t[>d keep+ ! camp free f disease by c>efully deposit+ su* refuse 9 ! pits or cans us$ = ?is purpose4 ,ur9ate only 9 ! latr9es1 or 9 ! cans set out = ?is purpose1 nev] on ! gr\nd ar\nd camp1 because x n only causes bad smells b ur9e sometimes conta9s ! g]ms ( cat*+ diseases4 ,soapy wat] ?r[n on ! gr\nd soon produces bad odors4 ,!re=e 9 camps ( sev]al days' duration ?is wat] %\ld be ?r[n 9 cov]$ pits or 9 cans us$ = ?is purpose4 ,z c]ta9 mosquitoes c transmit mal>ia & yell[ fev]1 use y\r mosquito b> = ?is reason z well z = p]sonal com=t4 ,keep y\r m\? clean by bru%+ y\r tee? once or twice a day4 ,x helps to prev5t ! tee? f decay+4 ,decay$ tee? cause too?a*e4 ,!y also lead "o to swall[ food )\t prop]ly *ew+ x1 & ?is leads to /oma* tr\bles ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,food left ar\nd & betwe5 ! tee? is bad = ! tee? & =ms good bre$+ places = g]ms4 ,keep ! sk9 clean4 ,?r\gh ! pores ( ! sk9 ! body gets rid ( mu* wa/e & poison\s matt]4 ,!re=e remove ?is & keep ! pores op5 by ba?+ once e day1 if possible4 ,if wat] is sc>ce1 rub ! body ov] ) a wet t[el4 ,if no wat] is at h&1 take a dry rub4 ,wa% c>efully ! armpits1 betwe5 ! legs1 & "u ! =esk91 z ?is w prev5t *af+4 ,! sk9 protects ! s5sitive p>ts und]nea? f injury & helps to keep out g]ms4 ,!re=e :5 bli/]s are =m$ don't te> (f ! sk94 ,ins]t a ne$le "u ! sk9 a little di/ance back f ! bli/] & pu% x ?r\gh to ! opposite side4 ,press out ! liquid ?r\gh ! holes ?us =m$4 ,heat ! ne$le r$ hot fir/1 ) a mat* or c&le1 to kill ! g]ms4 ,:5 ! sk9 is brok5 79 cuts & w\nds7 keep ! op5+ cov]$ ) a b&age to keep out g]ms & dirt2 o!rwise ! sore may fe/]4 ,pus is always caus$ by g]ms4 ,keep y\r hair %ort4 ,long hair & a long be>d 9 ! field g5]ally means a dirty head & a dirty face & favors sk9 diseases1 lice1 & d&ruff4 ,don't let any "p ( ! body become *ill$1 z ?is v (t5 is ! direct cause ( di>rhea1 dys5t]y1 pneumonia1 rheumatism1 & o!r diseases4 ,wet clo!s may be worn :ile m>*+ or ex]cis+ )\t bad results2 b !re is great dang] if "o re/s 9 wet clo?+1 z ! body may become *ill$4 ,don't sit or lie or sleep directly on damp gr\nd1 z ?is is sure to *ill ! body4 ,:5 hot or p]spir+ or :5 we>+ damp clo!s1 don't rema9 :]e a breeze c /rike y4 ,y are sure to become *ill$4 ,e day1 if possible1 hang y\r blanket & clo?+ out to air 9 ! sun2 %ake or beat !m ) a small /ick4 ,g]ms & v]m9 don't l ?is treatm5t1 b damp1 mu/y clo?+ suits !m v well4 ,wa% y\r %irts1 und]we>1 & socks frequ5tly4 ,! dang] ( blood poison+ f a w\nd is greatly increas$ if ! bullet passes ?r\gh dirty clo!s4 ,dit* y\r t5t z soon z y c1 p>ticul>ly a %elt] t5t1 ev5 if y camp = "o night only4 ,o!rwise a little ra9 may ru9 a :ole night's re/4 ,always prep>e y\r b$ be=e d>k4 ,level (f ! gr\nd & scrape out a little holl[ = y\r hips4 ,get "s /raw or dry grass if possible4 ,gre5 grass or bran*es f trees are bett] ?an no?+4 ,sleep on y\r pon*o4 ,?is keeps ! dampness f com+ up f ! gr\nd & *ill+ ! body4 ,e m9ute sp5t 9 mak+ a good b$ means ab\t an h\r's good re/ lat] on4 ,avoid ! food & dr9k f\nd = sale 9 ! *eap /&s ab\t camp4 ,! quality is g5]ally bad1 & x is (t5 prep>$ 9 fil?y places by v dirty p]sons4 ,! use ( intoxicat+ liquor is p>ticul>ly dang]\s 9 ! field4 ,its excessive use1 ev5 at long int]vals1 breaks d[n "o's sy/em4 ,dr9k+ m5 are m apt to get sick & less liable to get well ?an are _! m sob] comrades4 ,if alcohol is tak5 at all1 x is be/ aft] ! "w ( ! day is ov]4 ,x %\ld nev] be tak5 :5 ! body is expos$ to sev]e cold1 z x dim9i%es ! resi/ance ( ! body4 ,hot tea or c(fee is mu* pref]able "u ^! circum/ances4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,feet4 ,a soldi] c n m>* ) sore feet1 & m>*+ is ! ma9 "p ( an infantryman's daily duty 9 ! field4 ,all soldi]s %\ld be famili> ) ! prop] me?ods ( c>+ = ! feet4 ,sore feet are g5]ally due to c>elessness1 neglect1 or ignorance on ! "p ( ! soldi]4 ,! mo/ important factor 9 ! c>e ( ! feet & ! m>*+ ability ( ! soldi] is ! %oe4 ,civilian %oes1 p>ticul>ly light1 pat5t lea!r1 or l[ %oes1 are sure to cause injury & 9 "t w ru9 a man's foot4 ,only ! m>*+ %oe issu$ by ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps %\ld be worn1 & !y mu/ be prop]ly fitt$ to ! individual4 ,x w n suffice to ord] a m>*+ %oe ( ! same size z "o's ord9>y civilian %oes1 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t a soldi] may h to m>* _m miles daily ov] r\gh roads & c>ry+ a heavy pack4 ,! pack itself causes ! foot to spread out to a l>g] size1 & ! r\gh roads give s mu* ex]cise to ! muscles ( ! feet t !y swell greatly ?r\gh ! increas$ blood supply4 7,= directions z to measur+ ! foot = ! m>*+ %oe see ,g5]al ,ord] ,no4 #bf1 ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 #aiab1 a copy ( :i* %\ld be on h& 9 ea* company47 ,d n />t out on a m>* we>+ new %oes4 ,?is is a frequ5t cause ( sore feet4 ,new %oes %\ld be prop]ly brok5 9 be=e beg9n+ a m>* by we>+ !m = sev]al h\rs daily = a week be=e ! m>*1 & !y %\ld be adapt$ to ! cont\rs ( ! feet by /ret*+ !m ) %oe /ret*]s ) adju/able knobs to take ! pressure (f pa9ful corns & bunions4 ,su* /ret*]s are issu$ by ! ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps1 & !re %\ld be "o or m pair 9 e company ( infantry4 ,%\ld ?is be impracticable1 !n ! foll[+ is sugge/$3 ,! soldi] /&s 9 8 new %oes 9 ab\t #b-a_/b in*es ( wat] = ab\t five m9utes until ! lea!r is ?or\ghly pliable & moi/2 he %\ld !n walk = ab\t an h\r on a level surface1 lett+ ! %oes dry on 8 feet1 to ! irregul>ities ( :i* ! lea!r is ?us mold$ 9 ! same way z x 0 previ\sly mold$ ov] ! %oe la/4 ,on tak+ ! %oes (f a v little neat's-foot oil %\ld be rubb$ into ! lea!r to prev5t its h>d5+ & crack+4 ,if x is desir$ to wat]pro( %oes at any "t1 a consid]able am\nt ( neat's-foot oil %\ld be rubb$ into ! lea!r4 ,wat]pro( lea!r causes ! feet ( "s m5 to p]spire unduly & keeps !m con/antly s(t4 ,light wool5 or heavy wool5 socks w habitually be worn = m>*+4 ,cotton socks w n be worn unless specifically ord]$ by ! surgeon4 ,! socks w be l>ge en\gh to p]mit free movem5t ( ! toes1 b n s loose z to p]mit ( wr9kl+4 ,d>n$ socks1 or socks ) holes 9 !m1 w n be worn 9 m>*+4 ,until ! feet h h>d5$ !y %\ld be du/$ ) foot p[d]1 :i* c be obta9$ at ! regim5tal infirm>y1 be=e ea* day's m>*4 ,clean socks %\ld be worn daily4 ,z soon z possible aft] rea*+ camp aft] a day ( m>*+ ! feet %\ld be wa%$ ) soap & wat]1 & ! soldi] %\ld put on a dry pair ( socks & 8 extra pair ( %oes f 8 surplus kit4 ,if ! sk9 is t5d]1 or ! feet p]spire1 wa% ) w>m salt wat] or alum wat]1 b d n soak ! feet a long "t1 z ?is1 al?\gh v com=t+ at ! "t1 t5ds to keep !m s(t4 ,%\ld bli/]'s appe> on ! feet1 prick & evacuate !m by prick+ at ! l[] edge ) a p9 :i* has be5 pass$ ?r\gh ! flame ( a mat* & cov] !m ) z9c oxide pla/] appli$ hot4 ,?is pla/] c be obta9$ on reque/ at ! regim5tal infirm>y4 ,if s]i\s abrasions appe> on ! feet1 or corns1 bunions1 & +r[+ nails cause tr\ble1 h y\r "n plac$ on sick report & apply to ! surgeon = treatm5t4 ,cut ! toe nails squ>e 7fairly close 9 ! middle1 b leav+ ! sides some:at long]71 z ?is prev5ts +r[+ nails4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,infantry ,,drill ,,regulations4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,army1 #aiaa4 ,correct$ to ,april #ae1 #aiag4 ,,section #a4 ,,def9itions4 ,,alignm5t3 ,a /raight l9e ^u :i* sev]al elem5ts are =m$1 or are to be =m$2 or ! dress+ ( sev]al elem5ts ^u a /raight l9e4 ,,base3 ,! elem5t on :i* a movem5t is regulat$4 ,,battle ,,sight3 ,! position ( ! re> sight :5 ! leaf is laid d[n4 ,,c5t]3 ,! middle po9t or elem5t ( a comm&4 ,,column3 ,a =mation 9 :i* ! elem5ts are plac$ "o beh9d ano!r4 ,,deploy3 ,to ext5d ! front4 ,9 g5]al to *ange f column to l9e1 or f close ord] to ext5d$ ord]4 ,,dep?3 ,! space f head to re> ( any =mation1 includ+ ! lead+ & re> elem5ts4 ,! dep? ( a man is assum$ to be #ab in*es4 ,,di/ance3 ,space betwe5 elem5ts 9 ! direction ( dep?4 ,di/ance is measur$ f ! b>k ( ! man 9 front to ! brea/ ( ! man 9 re>4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ranks is #dj in*es 9 bo? l9e & column4 ,,elem5t3 ,a file1 squad1 platoon1 company1 or l>g] body1 =m+ "p ( a /ill l>g] body4 ,,file3 ,two m51 ! front-rank man & ! correspond+ man ( ! re> rank4 ,! front-rank man is ! ,,file ,,lead]4 ,a file :i* has no re>-rank man is a ,,blank file4 ,! t]m ,,file applies also to a s+le man 9 a s+le-rank =mation4 ,,file ,,clos]s3 ,su* (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s ( a company z are po/$ 9 re> ( ! l9e4 ,= conv5i5ce1 all m5 po/$ 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s4 ,,flank3 ,! "r or left ( a comm& 9 l9e or 9 column3 also ! elem5t on ! "r or left ( ! l9e4 ,,=mation3 ,arrangem5t ( ! elem5ts ( a comm&4 ,! plac+ ( all fractions 9 _! ord] 9 l9e1 9 column1 or = battle4 ,,front3 ,! space1 9 wid?1 occupi$ by an elem5t1 ei!r 9 l9e or 9 column4 ,! front ( a man is assum$ to be #bb in*es4 ,front also d5otes ! direction ( ! enemy4 ,,guide3 ,an (fic]1 noncommission$ (fic]1 or private ^u :om ! comm& or elem5ts !re( regulates its m>*4 ,,head3 ,! lead+ elem5t ( a column4 ,,int]val3 ,space betwe5 elem5ts ( ! same l9e4 ,! int]val betwe5 m5 9 ranks is #d in*es1 & is measur$ f elb[ to elb[4 ,betwe5 companies1 squads1 etc41 x is measur$ f ! left elb[ ( ! left man or guide ( ! gr\p on ! "r to ! "r elb[ ( ! "r man or guide ( ! gr\p on ! left4 ,,left3 ,! left extremity or elem5t ( a body ( troops4 ,,l9e3 ,a =mation 9 :i* ! diff]5t elem5ts are abrea/ ( ea* o!r4 ,,ord]1 ,,close3 ,! =mation 9 :i* ! units1 9 d\ble rank1 are arrang$ 9 l9e or 9 column ) normal int]vals & di/ances4 ,,ord]1 ,,ext5d$3 ,! =mation 9 :i* ! units are sep>at$ by int]vals great] ?an 9 close ord]4 ,,pace3 ,?irty in*es2 ! l5g? ( ! full /ep 9 quick "t4 ,,po9t ,,( ,,re/3 ,! po9t at :i* a =mation beg9s4 ,specifically1 ! po9t t[>d :i* units are align$ 9 successive movem5ts4 ,,rank3 ,a l9e ( m5 plac$ side by side4 ,,"r3 ,! "r extremity or elem5t ( a body ( troops4 ,,"p ,i4--,,drill4 ,,section #b4--;,,introduction4 #a4d ,success 9 battle is ! ultimate object ( all milit>y tra9+2 success may be look$ = only :5 ! tra9+ is intellig5t & ?or\gh4 ,footnote #d3 ,! numb]s ref] to p>agraphs 9 ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 #aiaa4 #b4 ,comm&+ (fic]s are acc\ntable = ! prop] tra9+ ( _! respective organizations )9 ! limits prescrib$ by regulations & ord]s4 ,! excell5ce ( an organization is judg$ by its field effici5cy4 ,! field effici5cy ( an organization dep5ds prim>ily ^u its effectiv5ess z a :ole4 ,?or\ghness & uni=mity 9 ! tra9+ ( ! units ( an organization are indisp5sable to ! effici5cy ( ! :ole2 x is by su* means alone t ! requisite teamwork may be develop$4 #c4 ,simple movem5ts & ela/ic =mations are ess5tial to correct tra9+ = battle4 #d4 ,! ,drill ,regulations are furni%$ z a guide4 ,!y provide ! pr9ciples = tra9+ & = increas+ ! probability ( success 9 battle4 ,9 ! int]pretation ( ! regulations1 ! _s mu/ be s\ght4 ,quibbl+ ov] ! m9utiae ( =m is indicative ( failure to grasp ! _s4 #e4 ,! pr9ciples ( combat are consid]$ 9 ,"p ,,ii ( ^! regulations4 ,!y are treat$ 9 ! v>i\s s*ools includ$ 9 ,"p ,i only to ! ext5t necess>y to indicate ! functions ( ! v>i\s comm&]s & ! division ( responsibility betwe5 !m4 ,! amplification necess>y to a prop] und]/&+ ( _! application is to be s\ght 9 ,"p ,,ii4 #f4 ,! foll[+ important di/9ctions mu/ be obs]v$3 7a7 ,drills execut$ ,,at ,,att5tion & ! c]emonies are ,,discipl9>y ,,ex]cises design$ to tea* precise & soldi]ly movem5t1 & to inculcate t prompt & subconsci\s ob$i5ce :i* is ess5tial to prop] milit>y control4 ,to ?is end sm>tness & precision %\ld be exact$ 9 ! execution ( e detail4 ,su* drills %\ld be frequ5t1 b %ort4 7b7 ,! purpose ( ,,ext5d$ ,,ord] ,,drill is to tea* ! me*anism ( deploym5t1 ( ! fir+s1 &1 9 g5]al1 ( ! employm5t ( troops 9 combat4 ,su* drills are 9 ! nature ( discipl9>y ex]cises & %\ld be frequ5t1 ?or\gh1 & exact 9 ord] to habituate m5 to ! firm control ( _! lead]s4 ,ext5d$ ord] drill is execut$ at ease4 ,! company is ! l>ge/ unit :i* executes ext5d$ ord] drill4 7c7 ,,field ,,ex]cises are = in/ruction 9 ! duties incid5t to campaign4 ,assum$ situations are employ$4 ,ea* ex]cise %\ld conclude ) a discussion1 on ! gr\nd1 ( ! ex]cise & pr9ciples involv$4 7d7 ,! ,,combat ,,ex]cise1 a =m ( field ex]cise ( ! company1 battalion1 & l>g] units1 consi/s ( ! ,,application ,,( ,,tactical ,,pr9ciples to assum$ situations1 employ+ 9 ! execution ! appropriate =mations & movem5ts ( close & ext5d$ ord]4 ,combat ex]cises mu/ simulate1 z f> z possible1 ! battle conditions assum$4 ,9 ord] to famili>ize bo? (fic]s & m5 ) su* conditions1 companies & battalions w frequ5tly be consolidat$ to provide w>-/r5g? organizations4 ,(fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s n requir$ to complete ! full quota ( ! units p>ticipat+ are assign$ z obs]v]s or umpires4 ,! fir+ l9e c r>ely be controll$ by ! voice alone2 ?or\gh tra9+ to insure ! prop] use ( prescrib$ signals is necess>y4 ,! ex]cise %\ld be foll[$ by a brief drill at att5tion 9 ord] to re/ore sm>tness & control4 #g4 ,9 field ex]cises ! enemy is said to be ,,imag9>y :5 8 position & =ce are m]ely assum$2 ,,outl9$ :5 8 position & =ce are indicat$ by a few m52 ,,repres5t$ :5 a body ( troop acts z su*4 ,g5]al ,rules = ,drills & ,=mations4 #h4 ,:5 ! ,,prep>atory comm&s consi/s ( m ?an "o "p its elem5ts are arrang$ z foll[s3 7#a7 ,= movem5ts to be execut$ successively by ! subdivisions or elem5ts ( an organization3 7a7 ,description ( ! movem5t2 7b7 h[ execut$1 or on :at elem5t execut$4 7#b7 ,= movem5ts to be execut$ simultane\sly by ! subdivisions ( an organization3 7a7 ,! designation ( ! subdivisions2 7b7 ! movem5t to be execut$4 #i4 ,movem5ts t may be execut$ t[>d ei!r flank are expla9$ z t[>d b "o flank1 x be+ necess>y to sub/itute ! ^w left = "r1 & ! rev]se1 to h ! explanation ( ! correspond+ movem5t t[>d ! o!r flank4 ,! comm&s are giv5 = ! execution ( ! movem5ts t[>d ei!r flank4 ,! sub/itute ^w ( ! comm& is plac$ )9 p>5!ses4 #aj4 ,any movem5t may be execut$ ei!r f ! halt or :5 m>*+1 unless o!rwise prescrib$4 ,if at a halt1 ! comm& = movem5ts involv+ m>*+ ne$ n be prefac$ by =w>d1 z #a4 ,column"r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 #aa4 ,any movem5t n specially except$ may be execut$ 9 d\ble "t4 ,if at a halt1 or if m>*+ 9 quick "t1 ! comm& d\ble "t prec$es ! comm& ( execution4 #ab4 ,9 successive movem5ts execut$ 9 d\ble "t ! lead+ or base unit m>*es 9 ,,quick ,,"t :5 n o!rwise prescrib$2 ! o!r units m>* 9 ,,d\ble ,,"t to _! places 9 ! =mation ord]$ & !n con=m to ! gait ( ! lead+ or base unit4 ,if m>*+ 9 d\ble "t1 ! comm& ,,d\ble ,,"t is omitt$4 ,! lead+ or base unit m>*es 9 ,,quick ,,"t2 ! o!r units cont9ue at ,,d\ble ,,"t to _! places 9 ! =mation ord]$ & !n con=m to ! gait ( ! lead+ or base unit4 #ac4 ,to ha/5 ! execution ( a movem5t begun 9 quick "t1 ! comm&3 #a4 ,d\ble"t1 #b4 ,,m>*1 is giv54 ,! lead+ or base unit cont9ues to m>* 9 quick "t1 or rema9s at a halt if already halt$2 ! o!r units complete ! execution ( ! movem5t 9 d\ble "t & !n con=m to ! gait ( ! lead+ or base unit4 #ad4 ,to /ay ! execution ( a movem5t :5 m>*+1 = ! correction ( errors1 ! comm&3 #a4 ,9place1 #b4 ,,halt1 is giv54 ,all halt & /& fa/1 )\t *ang+ ! position ( ! pieces4 ,to resume ! movem5t ! comm&3 #a4 ,resume1 #b4 ,,m>*1 is giv54 #ae4 ,to revoke a prep>atory comm&1 or1 be+ at a halt to beg9 anew a movem5t improp]ly begun1 ! comm&1 ,,z ,,y ,,71 is giv51 at :i* ! movem5t ceases & ! =m] position is resum$4 #af4 ,unless o!rwise ann\nc$1 ! guide ( a company or subdivision ( a company 9 l9e is "r2 ( a battalion 9 l9e or l9e ( subdivisions or ( a deploy$ l9e1 c5t]2 ( a rank 9 column ( squads1 t[>d ! side ( ! guide ( ! company4 ,to m>* ) guide o!r ?an z prescrib$ above1 or to *ange ! guide3 ,guide 7"r1 left1 or c5t]74 ,9 successive =mations into l9e1 ! guide is t[>d ! po9t ( re/2 9 platoons or l>g] subdivisions x is s ann\nc$4 ,! ann\ncem5t ( ! guide1 :5 giv5 9 connection ) a movem5t1 foll[s ! comm& ( execution = t movem5t4 ,exception3 #a4 ,zskirmi%]s1guide"r7leftorc5t]71 #b4 ,,m>*4 #ag4 ,! ,,turn ,,on ,,! ,,fix$ ,,pivot by subdivisions is us$ 9 all =mations f l9e into column & ! rev]se4 ,! ,,turn ,,on ,,! ,,mov+ ,,pivot is us$ by subdivisions ( a column 9 execut+ *anges ( direction4 #ah4 ,p>tial *anges ( direction may be execut$3 ,by int]polat+ 9 ! prep>atory comm& ! ^w ,,half1 z ,,column ,,half ,,"r 7,,left71 or ,,"r 7,,left7 ,,half ,,turn4 ,a *ange ( direction ( #de deg4 is execut$4 ,by ! comm&3 ,,incl9e ,,to ,,! ,,"r 7,,left74 ,! guide1 or guid+ elem5t1 moves 9 ! indicat$ direction & ! rema9d] ( ! comm& con=ms4 ,?is movem5t effects slight *anges ( direction4 #ai4 ,! designations ,,l9e ,,( ,,platoon1 ,,l9e ,,( ,,companies1 ,,l9e ,,( ,,battalions1 etc41 ref] to ! =mations 9 :i* ! platoons1 companies1 battalions1 etc41 ea* 9 column ( squads1 are 9 l9e4 #bj4 ,full di/ance 9 column ( subdivisions is su* t 9 =m+ l9e to ! "r or left ! subdivisions w h _! prop] int]vals4 ,9 column ( subdivisions ! guide ( ! lead+ subdivision is *>g$ ) ! /ep & direction2 ! guides 9 re> pres]ve ! trace1 /ep1 & di/ance4 #ba4 ,9 close ord]1 all details1 deta*m5ts1 & o!r bodies ( troops are habitually =m$ 9 d\ble rank4 ,to insure uni=mity ( int]val betwe5 files :5 fall+ 91 & 9 alignm5ts1 ea* man places ! palm ( ! left h& ^u ! hip1 f+]s po9t+ d[nw>d4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! h& is dropp$ by ! side :5 ! next man on ! left has 8 int]val2 9 ! second case1 at ! comm& front4 #bb4 ,! po/s ( (fic]s1 noncommission$ (fic]s1 special units 7su* z b& or ma*9e-gun company71 etc41 9 ! v>i\s =mations ( ! company1 battalion1 or regim5t1 are %[n 9 plates4 ,9 all *anges f "o =mation to ano!r involv+ a *ange ( po/ on ! "p ( any ( ^!1 po/s are promptly tak5 by ! mo/ conv5i5t r\te z soon z practicable aft] ! comm& ( execution = ! movem5t2 (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s :o h prescrib$ duties 9 connection ) ! movem5t ord]$1 take _! new po/s :5 su* duties are complet$4 ,z in/ructors1 (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s g :]ev] _! pres5ce is necess>y4 ,z file clos]s x is _! duty to rectify mi/akes & insure /ead9ess & promptness 9 ! ranks4 #bc4 ,except at c]emonies1 ! special units h no fix$ places4 ,!y take places z direct$2 9 ! abs5ce ( directions1 !y con=m z ne>ly z practicable to ! plates1 & 9 subsequ5t movem5ts ma9ta9 _! relative positions ) respect to ! flank or end ( ! comm& on :i* !y 7 orig9ally po/$4 #bd4 ,g5]al1 field1 & /aff (fic]s are habitually m\nt$4 ,! /aff ( an (fic] =ms 9 s+le rank #c paces 9 re> ( him1 ! "r or ! rank ext5d+ #a pace to ! "r ( a po9t directly 9 re> ( him4 ,memb]s ( ! /aff are arrang$ 9 ord] f "r to left z foll[s3 ,g5]al /aff (fic]s1 adjutant1 aids1 o!r /aff (fic]s1 arrang$ 9 ea* classification 9 ord] ( rank1 ! s5ior on ! "r4 ,! flag ( ! g5]al (fic] & ! ord]lies are #c paces 9 re> ( ! /aff1 ! flag on ! "r4 ,:5 necess>y to r$uce ! front ( ! /aff & ord]lies1 ea* l9e executes twos "r or f\rs "r1 z expla9$ 9 ! ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations1 & foll[s ! comm&]4 ,:5 n o!rwise prescrib$1 /aff (fic]s draw & return sab] ) _! *ief4 #be4 ,9 mak+ ! ab\t1 an (fic]1 m\nt$1 habitually turns to ! left4 ,:5 ! comm&] faces to give comm&s1 ! /aff1 flag1 & ord]lies d n *ange position4 #bf4 ,:5 mak+ or receiv+ (ficial reports1 or on meet+ out ( doors all (fic]s w salute4 ,milit>y c\rtesy requires ! junior to salute fir/1 b :5 ! salute is introductory to a report made at a milit>y c]emony or =mation1 to ! repres5tative ( a common sup]ior 7z1 = example1 to ! adjutant1 (fic] ( ! day1 etc471 ! (fic] mak+ ! report1 :atev] 8 rank1 w salute fir/4 ,! (fic] to :om ! report is made w ackn[l$ge by salut+ t he has receiv$ & und]/ood ! report4 #bg4 ,= c]emonies1 all m\nt$ enli/$ m5 ( a regim5t or small] unit1 except ^? belong+ to ! ma*9e-gun organizations1 are consolidat$ into a deta*m5t4 ,! s5ior pres5t comm&s if no (fic] is 9 *>ge4 ,! deta*m5t is =m$ z a platoon or squad ( ,cavalry 9 l9e or column ( f\rs4 ,noncommission$ /aff (fic]s are on ! "r or 9 ! lead+ ranks4 #bh4 ,= c]emonies1 su* ( ! noncommission$ /aff (fic]s z are dism\nt$ are =m$ #e paces 9 re> ( ! color 9 ord] ( rank f "r to left4 ,9 column ( squads !y m>* z file clos]s4 #bi4 ,o!r ?an = c]emonies1 noncommission$ />e (fic]s & ord]lies accompany _! imm$iate *iefs unless o!rwise direct$4 ,if m\nt$1 ! noncommission$ /aff (fic]s are ord9>ily po/$ on ! "r or at ! head ( ! ord]lies4 #cj4 ,9 all =mations & movem5ts a noncommission$ (fic] comm&+ a platoon or company c>ries 8 piece z ! m5 d1 if he is s arm$1 & takes ! same po/ z an (fic] 9 l situation4 ,:5 ! comm& is =m$ 9 l9e = c]emonies a noncommission$ (fic] comm&+ a company takes po/ on ! "r ( ! "r guide aft] ! company has be5 align$4 ,,section #c4 ,,ord]s1 ,,comm&s1 ,,& ,,signals4 #ca4 ,,comm&s only are employ$ 9 drill at att5tion4 ,o!rwise ei!r a ,,comm&1 ,,signal1 or ,,ord] is employ$1 z be/ suits ! occasion1 or "o may he us$ 9 conjunction ) ano!r4 #cb4 ,signals %\ld be freely us$ 9 in/ruction1 9 ord] t (fic]s & m5 may readily "k !m4 ,9 mak+ firm signals ! sab]1 rifle1 or headdress may be held 9 ! h&4 #cc4 ,(fic]s & m5 fix _! att5tion at ! fir/ ^w ( comm&1 ! fir/ note ( ! bugle or :i/le1 or ! fir/ motion ( ! signal4 ,a signal includes bo? ! prep>atory comm& & ! comm& ( execution3 ! movem5t comm5ces z soon z ! signal is und]/ood1 unless o!rwise prescrib$4 #cd4 ,except 9 movem5ts execut$ ,,at ,,att5tion1 comm&]s or lead]s ( subdivisions repeat ord]s1 comm&s1 or signals :5ev] su* repetition is deem$ necess>y to insure prompt & correct execution4 ,(fic]s1 battalion noncommission$ /aff (fic]s1 platoon lead]s1 guides1 & musicians are equipp$ ) :i/les4 ,! major & 8 /aff w use a :i/le ( di/9ctive tone2 ! capta9 & company musicians a second & di/9ctive :i/le2 ! platoon lead]s & guides a ?ird di/9ctive :i/le4 #ce4 ,prescrib$ signals are limit$ to su* z are ess5tial z a sub/itute = ! voice "u conditions :i* r5d] ! voice inadequate4 ,be=e or dur+ an engagem5t special signals may be agre$ ^u to facilitate ! solution ( su* special difficulties z ! p>ticul> situation is likely to develop1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t simplicity & c]ta9ty are indisp5sable qualities ( a signal4 ,,ord]s4 #cf4 ,9 ^! regulations an ,,ord] embraces in/ructions or directions giv5 orally or 9 writ+ 9 t]ms suit$ to ! p>ticul> occasion & n prescrib$ h]e94 ,,ord]s are employ$ only :5 ! ,,comm&s prescrib$ h]e9 d n suffici5tly indicate ! w ( ! comm&]4 ,,ord]s are m fully describ$ 9 p>agraphs #cgh to #chc1 inclusive4 ,,comm&s4 #cg4 ,9 ^! regulations a comm& is ! w ( ! comm&] express$ 9 ! phraseology prescrib$ h]e94 #ch4 ,!re are two k9ds ( comm&s3 ,! ,,prep>atory comm&1 su* z =w>d1 indicates ! movem5t t is to be execut$4 ,! comm& ( ,,execution1 su* z ,,m>*1 ,,halt1 or ,,arms1 causes ! execution4 ,prep>atory comm&s are di/+ui%$ by italics1 ^? ( execution by ,,capitals4 ,:]e x is n m5tion$ 9 ! text :o gives ! comm&s prescrib$1 !y are to be giv5 by ! comm&] ( ! unit conc]n$4 ,! ,,prep>atory comm& %\ld be giv5 at su* an int]val ( "t be=e ! comm& ( ,,execution z to admit ( be+ prop]ly und]/ood2 ! comm& ( ,,execution %\ld be giv5 at ! in/ant ! movem5t is to comm5ce4 ,! tone ( comm& is animat$1 di/9ct1 & ( a l\dness proportion$ to ! numb] ( m5 = :om x is int5d$4 ,ea* ,,prep>atory comm& is enunciat$ di/9ctly1 ) a ris+ inflection at ! end1 & 9 su* mann] t ! comm& ( ,,execution may he m en]getic4 ,! comm& ( ,,execution is firm 9 tone & brief4 #ci4 ,majors & comm&]s ( units l>g] ?an a battalion repeat su* comm&s ( _! sup]iors z are to be execut$ by _! units1 fac+ _! units = t purpose4 ,! battalion is ! l>ge/ unit t executes a movem5t at ! comm& ( execution ( its comm&]4 #dj4 ,:5 giv+ comm&s to troops x is usually be/ to face t[>d !m4 ,indiff]5ce 9 giv+ comm&s mu/ be avoid$1 z x leads to laxity 9 execution4 ,comm&s %\ld be giv5 ) _s at all times4 ,,bugle ,,signals4 #da4 ,! au?oriz$ bugle signals are publi%$ 9 ,"p ,v ( ^! regulations4 ,! foll[+ bugle signals may be us$ (f ! battle field1 :5 n likely to convey in=mation to ! enemy3 ,,att5tion3 ,troops are br\ght to att5tion4 ,,att5tion ,,to ,,ord]s3 ,troops fix _! att5tion4 ,,=w>d1 ,,m>*3 ,us$ also to execute quick "t f d\ble "t4 ,,d\ble ,,"t1 ,,m>*4 ,,to ,,! ,,re>1 ,,m>*3 ,9 close ord]1 execute ,,squads ,,"r ,,ab\t4 ,,halt4 ,,assemble1 ,,m>*4 ,! foll[+ bugle signals may be us$ on ! battlefield3 ,,fix ,,bayonets4 ,,*>ge4 ,,assemble1 ,,m>*4 ,^! signals are us$ only :5 int5d$ = ! entire fir+ l9e2 h5ce !y c be au?oriz$ only by ! comm&] ( a unit 7= example1 a regim5t or brigade7 :i* occupies a di/9ct section ( ! battle field4 ,exception3 ,,fix ,,bayonet4 7see p>4 #cah47 ,! foll[+ bugle signals are us$ 9 exceptional cases on ! battle field4 ,_! pr9cipal uses are 9 field ex]cises & practice fir+4 ,,comm5ce ,,fir+3 ,(fic]s *>g$ ) fire direction & control op5 fire z soon z practicable4 ,:5 giv5 to a fir+ l9e1 ! signal is equival5t to fire at w4 ,,cease ,,fir+3 ,all p>ts ( ! l9e execute ,,cease ,,fir+ at once4 ,^! signals are n us$ by units small] ?an a regim5t1 except :5 su* unit is indep5d5t or deta*$ f its regim5t4 ,,:i/le ,,signals4 #db4 ,,att5tion ,,to ,,ord]s4 ,a ,,%ort ,,bla/ ( ! :i/le4 ,?is signal is us$ on ! m>* or 9 combat :5 necess>y to fix ! att5tion ( troops1 or ( _! comm&]s or lead]s1 prep>atory to giv+ comm&s1 ord]s1 or signals4 ,:5 ! fir+ l9e is fir+1 ea* squad lead] susp5ds fir+ & fixes 8 att5tion at a ,,%ort ,,bla/ ( 8 platoon lead]'s :i/le4 ,! platoon lead]'s subsequ5t comm&s or signals are repeat$ & en=c$ by ! squad lead]4 ,if a squad lead]'s att5tion is attract$ by a :i/le o!r ?an t ( 8 platoon lead]1 or if !re are no ord]s or comm&s to convey to 8 squad1 he resumes fir+ at once4 ,,susp5d ,,fir+4 ,a ,,long ,,bla/ ( ! :i/le4 ,all o!r :i/le signals are prohibit$4 ,,arm ,,signals4 #dc4 ,! foll[+ arm signals are prescrib$4 ,9 mak+ signals ei!r arm may be us$4 ,(fic]s :o receive signals1 on ! fir+ l9e repeat back at once to prev5t misund]/&+4 ,,=w>d1 ,,m>*4 ,c>ry ! h& to ! %\ld]2 /raight5 & hold ! arm horizontally1 ?ru/+ x 9 direction ( m>*4 ,?is signal is also us$ to execute quick "t f d\ble "t4 ,,halt4 ,c>ry ! h& to ! %\ld]2 ?ru/ ! h& upw>d & hold ! arm v]tically4 ,,d\ble ,,"t1 ,,m>*4 ,c>ry ! h& to ! %\ld]2 rapidly ?ru/ ! h& upw>d ! full ext5t ( ! arm sev]al times4 ,,squads ,,"r1 ,,m>*4 ,raise ! arm lat]ally until horizontal2 c>ry x to a v]tical position above ! head & sw+ x sev]al times betwe5 ! v]tical & horizontal positions4 ,,squads ,,left1 ,,m>*4 ,raise ! arm lat]ally until horizontal2 c>ry x d[nw>d to ! side & sw+ x sev]al times betwe5 ! d[nw>d & horizontal positions4 ,,squads ,,"r ,,ab\t1 ,,m>* 7if 9 close ord]7 or1 ,,to ,,! ,,re>1 ,,m>* 7if 9 skirmi% l9e74 ,ext5d ! arm v]tically above ! head2 c>ry x lat]ally d[nw>d to ! side & sw+ x sev]al times betwe5 ! v]tical & d[nw>d positions4 ,,*ange ,,direction ,,or ,,column ,,"r 7,,left71 ,,m>*4 ,! h& on ! side t[>d :i* ! *ange ( direction is to be made is c>ri$ across ! body to ! opposite %\ld]1 =e>m horizontal2 !n sw+ 9 a horizontal plane1 arm ext5d$1 po9t+ 9 ! new direction4 ,,z ,,skirmi%]s1 ,,m>*4 ,raise bo? arms lat]ally until horizontal4 ,,z ,,skirmi%]s1 ,,guide ,,c5t]1 ,,m>*4 ,raise bo? arms lat]ally until horizontal2 sw+ bo? simultane\sly upw>d until v]tical & return to ! horizontal2 repeat sev]al times4 ,,z ,,skirmi%]s1 ,,guide ,,"r 7,,left71 ,,m>*4 ,raise bo? arms lat]ally until horizontal2 hold ! arm on ! side ( ! guide /eadily 9 ! horizontal position2 sw+ ! o!r upw>d until v]tical & return x to ! horizontal2 repeat sev]al times4 ,,assemble1 ,,m>*4 ,raise ! arm v]tically to its full ext5t & describe horizontal circles4 ,,range1 or ,,*ange ,,elevation4 ,to ann\nce ,,range1 ext5d ! arm t[>d ! lead]s or m5 = :om ! signal is int5d$1 fi/ clos$2 by keep+ fi/ clos$ battle sight is indicat$2 by op5+ & clos+ ! fi/1 expose ?umb & f+]s to a numb] equal to ! hundr$s ( y>ds2 to add #ej y>ds describe a %ort horizontal l9e ) =ef+]4 ,to ,,*ange ,,elevation1 indicate ! am\nt ( increase or decrease by f+]s z above2 po9t upw>d to indicate increase & d[nw>d to indicate decrease4 ,,:at ,,range ,,are ,,y ,,us+8 or ,,:at ,,is ,,! ,,range8 ,ext5d ! arms t[>d ! p]son address$1 "o h& op51 palm to ! front1 re/+ on ! o!r h&1 fi/ clos$4 ,,are ,,y ,,ready8 or ,i ,,am ,,ready4 ,raise ! h&1 f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 palm t[>d ! p]son address$4 ,,comm5ce ,,fir+4 ,move ! arm ext5d$ 9 full l5g?1 h& palm d[n1 sev]al times ?r\gh a horizontal arc 9 front ( ! body4 ,,fire ,,fa/]4 ,execute rapidly ! signal ,comm5ce fir+4 ,,fire ,,sl[]4 ,execute sl[ly ! signal ,comm5ce fir+4 ,,to ,,sw+ ,,! ,,cone ,,( ,,fire ,,to ,,! ,,"r1 ,,or ,,left4 ,ext5d ! arm 9 full l5g? to ! front1 palm to ! "r 7left72 sw+ ! arm to "r 7left71 & po9t 9 ! direction ( ! new t>get4 ,,fix ,,bayonet4 ,simulate ! movem5t ( ! "r h& 9 ,fix bayonet 7p>4 #ie74--7;,c4,i4,d4,r41,no4#ad1,may#ah1ai af47 ,,susp5d ,,fir+4 ,raise & hold ! =e>m /eadily 9 a horizontal position 9 front ( ! =ehead1 palm ( ! h& to ! front4 ,,cease ,,fir+4 ,raise ! =e>m z 9 ,,susp5d ,,fir+ & sw+ x up & d[n sev]al times 9 front ( ! face4 ,,platoon4 ,ext5d ! arm horizontally t[>d ! platoon lead]2 describe small circles ) ! h&4 7,see p>4 #dd47 ,,squad4 ,ext5d ! arm horizontally t[>d ! platoon lead]2 sw+ ! h& up & d[n f ! wri/4 7,see p>4 #dd47 ,,ru%4 ,same z d\ble "t4 #dd4 ,! signals ,,platoon & ,,squad are int5d$ prim>ily = communication betwe5 ! capta9 & 8 platoon lead]s4 ,! signal ,,platoon or ,,squad indicates t ! platoon comm&] is to cause ! signal :i* foll[s to be execut$ by platoon or squad4 ,,flag ,,signals4 #de4 ,! signal flags describ$ bel[ are c>ri$ by ! company musicians 9 ! field4 ,9 a regim5t 9 :i* x is impracticable to make ! p]man5t battalion division alphabetically1 ! flags ( a battalion are z %[n2 flags are assign$ to ! companies alphabetically1 )9 _! respective battalions1 9 ! ord] giv5 bel[4 ,fir/ battalion3 ,company ,a4 ,r$ field1 :ite squ>e4 ,company ,b4 ,r$ field1 blue squ>e4 ,company ,c4 ,r$ field1 :ite diagonals4 ,company ,d4 ,r$ field1 blue diagonals4 ,second battalion3 ,company ,e4 ,:ite field1 r$ squ>e4 ,company ,f4 ,:ite field1 blue squ>e4 ,company ,g4 ,:ite field1 r$ diagonals4 ,company ,h4 ,:ite field1 blue diagonals4 ,?ird battalion3 ,company ,i4 ,blue field1 r$ squ>e4 ,company ,k4 ,blue field1 :ite squ>e4 ,company ,l4 ,blue field1 r$ diagonals4 ,company ,m4 ,blue field1 :ite diagonals4 #df4 ,9 addition to _! use 9 visual signal+1 ^! flags s]ve to m>k ! assembly po9t ( ! company :5 disorganiz$ by combat1 & to m>k ! location ( ! company 9 biv\ac & else:]e1 :5 su* use is desirable4 #dg4 7#a7 ,= communication betwe5 ! fir+ l9e & ! res]ve or comm&] 9 ! re>1 ! subjo9$ signals 7,signal ,corps codes7 are prescrib$ & %\ld be memoriz$4 ,9 transmission1 _! concealm5t f ! enemy's view %\ld be insur$4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( signal flags1 ! headdress or o!r sub/itute may be us$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,lett] ( ,if signal$ f ! re> ,if signal$ f ! alphabet to ! fir+ l9e4 fir+ l9e to ! re>4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,a ,m ,ammunition go+ =w>d4 ,ammunition requir$4 ,c ,c ,c ,*>ge 7m&atory at all ,am ab\t to *>ge if times74 no in/ructions to ! contr>y4 ,c ,f ,cease fir+4 ,cease fir+4 ,d ,t ,d\ble "t or ru%4 ,d\ble "t or ru%4 ,f ,comm5ce fir+4 ,comm5ce fir+4 ,f ,b ,fix bayonets4 ,fix bayonets4 ,f ,l ,artill]y fire is caus+ ,artill]y fire is caus+ u losses4 u losses4 ,g ,move =w>d ,prep>+ to move =w>d4 ,h ,h ,h ,halt4 ,halt4 ,k ,negative ,negative4 ,l ,t ,left4 ,left4 ,o ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 7,ardois & etc487 ,int]rogatory4 etc478 ,int]rogatory4 ,semaphore only47 ,o d ,d4 7,all me?ods b ardois semaphore47 ,p ,affirmative ,affirmative4 ,r ,ackn[l$gm5t4 ,ackn[l$gm5t4 ,r ,n ,range4 ,range4 ,r ,t ,"r4 ,"r4 ,s ,s ,s ,support go+ =w>d4 ,support ne$$4 ,s ,u ,f ,susp5d fir+4 ,susp5d fir+4 ,t ,t>get4 ,t>get4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- 7#b7 ,,! ,,two-,,arm ,,semaphore ,,code4 7,see illu/rations 9 *apt] ,,xii47 ,,section #d4 ,,s*ool ,,( ,,! ,,soldi]4 #dh4 ,! in/ructor expla9s briefly ea* movem5t1 fir/ execut+ x himself if practicable4 ,he requires ! recruits to take ! prop] positions unassi/$ & does n t\* !m = ! purpose ( correct+ !m1 except :5 !y are unable to correct !mselves4 ,he avoids keep+ !m too long at ! same movem5t1 al?\gh ea* %\ld be und]/ood be=e pass+ to ano!r4 ,he exacts by degrees ! desir$ precision & uni=mity4 #di4 ,9 ord] t all may advance z rapidly z _! abilities p]mit1 ! recruits are gr\p$ accord+ to pr(ici5cy z in/ruction progresses4 ,^? :o lack aptitude & quickness are sep>at$ f ! o!rs & plac$ "u exp]i5c$ drill ma/]s4 ,,in/ruction ,,)\t ,,arms4 #ej4 ,= prelim9>y in/ruction a numb] ( recruits1 usually n exce$+ ?ree or f\r1 are =m$ z a squad 9 s+le rank4 ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,soldi]1 ,,or ,,att5tion4 #ea4 ,heels on ! same l9e & z ne> ea* o!r u ! con=mation ( ! man p]mits4 ,feet turn$ out equally & =m+ an angle ( ab\t #de deg44 ,knees /raight1 )\t /iffness4 ,hips level & drawn back slightly2 body erect & re/+ equally on hips2 *e/ lift$ & ar*$2 %\ld]s squ>e & fall+ equally4 ,arms & h&s hang+ naturally1 ?umb along ! seam ( ! tr\s]s4 ,head erect & squ>ely to ! front1 *9 drawn 9 s t ! axis ( ! head & neck is v]tical2 eyes /raight to ! front4 ,weight ( ! body re/+ equally ^u ! heels & balls ( ! feet4 ,,! ,,re/s4 #eb4 ,be+ at a halt1 ! comm&s are3 ,,fall ,,out2 ,,re/2 ,,at ,,ease2 &1 #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/4 ,at ! comm& ,,fall ,,out1 ! m5 may leave ! ranks1 b are requir$ to rema9 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity4 ,!y resume _! =m] places1 at att5tion1 at ! comm& ,,fall ,,94 ,at ! comm& ,,re/ ea* man keeps "o foot 9 place1 b is n requir$ to pres]ve sil5ce or immobility4 ,at ! comm& at ease ea* man keeps "o foot 9 place & is requir$ to pres]ve sil5ce b n immobility4 #ec4 #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/4 ,c>ry ! "r foot #f in*es /raight to ! re>1 left knee slightly b5t2 clasp ! h&s1 )\t con/ra9t1 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body1 f+]s jo9$1 left h& upp]mo/1 left ?umb clasp$ by ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h&2 pres]ve sil5ce & /ead9ess ( position4 #ed4 ,to resume ! att5tion3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,att5tion4 ,! m5 take ! position ( ! soldi]4 ,,eyes ,,"r ,,or ,,left4 #ee4 #a4 ,eyes1 #b4 ,,"r 7,,left71 #c4 ,,front4 ,at ! comm& "r1 turn ! head to ! "r oblique1 eyes fix$ on ! l9e ( eye ( ! m5 91 or suppos$ to be 91 ! same rank4 ,at ! comm& front1 turn ! head & eyes to ! front4 ,,fac+s4 #ef4 ,to ! flank3 #a4 ,"r7left71 #b4 ,,face4 ,raise slightly ! left heel & "r toe2 face to ! "r turn+ on ! "r heel1 assi/$ by a slight pressure on ! ball ( ! left foot2 place ! left foot by ! side ( ! "r4 ,left face is execut$ on ! left heel 9 ! correspond+ mann]4 ,"r 7left7 half face is execut$ simil>ly1 fac+ #de deg44 ,to face 9 m>*+ & advance1 turn on ! ball ( ei!r foot & /ep (f ) ! o!r foot 9 ! new l9e ( direction2 to face 9 m>*+ )\t ga9+ gr\nd 9 ! new direction1 turn on ! ball ( ei!r foot & m>k "t4 #eg4 ,to ! re>3 #a4 ,ab\t1 #b4 ,,face4 ,c>ry ! toe ( ! "r foot ab\t a half foot-l5g? to ! re> & slightly to ! left ( ! left heel )\t *ang+ ! position ( ! left foot2 face to ! re>1 turn+ to ! "r on ! left heel & "r toe2 place ! "r heel by ! side ( ! left4 ,,salute ,,) ,,! ,,h&4 #eh4 #a4 ,h&1 #b4 ,,salute4 ,raise ! "r h& sm>tly till ! tip ( ! =ef+] t\*es ! l[] "p ( ! headdress or =ehead above ! "r eye1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 palm to ! left1 =e>m incl9$ at ab\t #de deg41 h& & wri/ /raight2 at ! same "t look t[>d ! p]son salut$4 7,,two7 ,drop ! arm sm>tly by ! side4 ,= rules gov]n+ salutes1 see ,honors & ,salutes1 p>agraphs #geh-gfe4 ,,/eps ,,& ,,m>*+s4 #ei4 ,all /eps & m>*+s execut$ f a halt1 except "r /ep1 beg9 ) ! left foot4 #fj4 ,! l5g? ( ! full /ep 9 quick "t is #cj in*es1 measur$ f heel to heel1 & ! cad5ce is at ! rate ( #abj /eps p] m9ute4 ,! l5g? ( ! full /ep 9 d\ble "t is #cf in*es2 ! cad5ce is at ! rate ( #ahj /eps p] m9ute4 ,! in/ructor1 :5 necess>y1 indicates ! cad5ce ( ! /ep by call+ ,,"o1 ,,two1 ,,?ree1 ,,f\r1 or ,,left1 ,,"r1 ! in/ant ! left & "r root1 respectively1 %\ld be plant$4 #fa4 ,all /eps & m>*+s & movem5ts involv+ m>* are execut$ 9 ,,quick ,,"t unless ! squad be m>*+ 9 ,,d\ble ,,"t1 or ,,d\ble ,,"t be add$ to ! comm&3 9 ! latt] case ,,d\ble ,,"t is add$ to ! prep>atory comm&4 ,example3 #a4 ,squad"r1d\ble"t1 #b4 ,,m>* 7,s*ool ( ! ,squad74 ,,quick ,,"t4 #fb4 ,be+ at a halt1 to m>* =w>d 9 quick "t3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,,=w>d1 %ift ! weight ( ! body to ! "r leg1 left knee /raight4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 move ! left foot sm>tly /raight =w>d #cj in*es f ! "r1 sole ne> ! gr\nd1 & plant x )\t %ock2 next1 9 l mann]1 advance ! "r foot & plant x z above2 cont9ue ! m>*4 ,! arms sw+ naturally4 #fc4 ,be+ at a halt1 or 9 m>* 9 quick "t1 to m>* 9 d\ble "t2 #a4 ,d\ble"t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,if at a halt1 at ! fir/ comm& %ift ! weight ( ! body to ! "r leg4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 raise ! =e>ms1 f+]s clos$1 to a horizontal position along ! wai/ l9e2 take up an easy run ) ! /ep & cad5ce ( d\ble "t1 all[+ a natural sw++ motion to ! arms4 ,if m>*+ 9 quick "t1 at ! comm& ,,m>*1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 take "o /ep 9 quick "t1 & !n /ep (f 9 d\ble "t4 #fd4 ,to resume ! quick "t3 #a4 ,quick"t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! o!r foot 9 d\ble "t2 resume ! quick "t1 dropp+ ! h&s by ! sides4 ,,to ,,m>k ,,"t4 #fe4 ,be+ 9 m>*2 #a4 ,m>k"t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! o!r foot2 br+ up ! foot 9 re> & cont9ue ! cad5ce by alt]nately rais+ ea* foot ab\t #b in*es & plant+ x on l9e ) ! o!r4 ,be+ at a halt1 at ! comm& ,,m>*1 raise & plant ! feet z describ$ above4 ,,! ,,half ,,/ep4 #ff4 #a4 ,half/ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,take /eps ( #ae in*es 9 quick "t1 #ah in*es 9 d\ble "t4 #fg4 ,,=w>d1 ,,half ,,/ep1 ,,halt1 & ,,m>k ,,"t may be execut$ "o f ! o!r 9 quick or d\ble "t4 ,to resume ! full /ep f half /ep or m>k "t3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,,side ,,/ep4 #fh4 ,be+ at a halt or m>k "t3 #a4 ,"r7left7/ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,c>ry & plant ! "r foot #ae in*es to ! "r2 br+ ! left foot beside x & cont9ue ! movem5t 9 ! cad5ce ( quick "t4 ,! side /ep is us$ = %ort di/ances only & is n execut$ 9 d\ble "t4 ,if at ord] arms1 ! side /ep is execut$ ,,at ,,trail )\t comm&4 ,,back ,,/ep4 #fi4 ,be+ at a halt or m>k "t3 #a4 ,backw>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,take /eps ( #ae in*es /raight to ! re>4 ,! back /ep is us$ = %ort di/ances only & is n execut$ 9 d\ble "t4 ,if at ord] arms1 ! back /ep is execut$ ,,at ,,trail )\t comm&4 ,,to ,,halt4 #gj4 ,to arre/ ! m>* 9 quick or d\ble "t3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,halt4 ,at ! comm& ,,halt1 giv5 z ei!r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 plant ! o!r foot z 9 m>*+2 raise & place ! fir/ foot by ! side ( ! o!r4 ,if 9 d\ble "t1 drop ! h&s by ! sides4 ,,to ,,m>* ,,by ,,! ,,flank4 #ga4 ,be+ 9 m>*3 #a4 ,by!"r7left7flank1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 giv5 z ! "r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! left foot1 !n face to ! "r 9 m>*+ & /ep (f 9 ! new direction ) ! "r foot4 ,,to ,,m>* ,,to ,,! ,,re>4 #gb4 ,be+ 9 m>*3 #a4 ,to!re>1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 giv5 z ! "r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! left foot2 turn to ! "r ab\t on ! balls ( bo? feet & imm$iately /ep (f ) ! left foot4 ,if m>*+ 9 d\ble "t1 turn to ! "r ab\t1 tak+ f\r /eps 9 place1 keep+ ! cad5ce1 & !n /ep (f ) ! left foot4 ,,*ange ,,/ep4 #gc4 ,be+ 9 m>*3 #a4 ,*ange/ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 giv5 z ! "r foot /rikes ! gr\nd1 advance & plant ! left foot2 plant ! toe ( ! "r foot ne> ! heel ( ! left & /ep (f ) ! left foot4 ,! *>ge on ! "r foot is simil>ly execut$1 ! comm& ,,m>* be+ giv5 z ! left foot /rikes ! gr\nd4 ,,manual ,,( ,,arms4 #gd4 ,z soon z practicable ! recruit is taught ! use1 nom5clature 7,pl4 #a71 & c>e ( 8 rifle2 :5 fair progress has be5 made 9 ! in/ruction )\t arms1 he is taught ! manual ( arms2 in/ruction )\t arms & t ) arms alt]nate4 #ge4 ,! foll[+ rules gov]n ! c>ry+ ( ! piece3 ,fir/4 ,! piece is n c>ri$ ) c>tridges 9 ei!r ! *amb] or ! magaz9e except :5 specifically ord]$4 ,:5 s load$1 or suppos$ to be load$1 x is habitually c>ri$ lock$2 t is1 ) ! safety lock turn$ to ! safe4 ,at all o!r times x is c>ri$ unlock$1 ) ! trigg] pull$4 ,second4 ,:5ev] troops are =m$ "u arms1 pieces are imm$iately inspect$ at ! comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms2 #c4 ,ord]7,"r%\ld]1port71 #d4 ,,arms4 ,a simil> inspection is made imm$iately be=e dismissal4 ,if c>tridges are f\nd 9 ! *amb] or magaz9e1 !y are remov$ & plac$ 9 ! belt4 ,?ird4 ,! cut-(f is kept turn$ (f except :5 c>tridges are actually us$4 ,f\r?4 ,! bayonet is n fix$ except 9 bayonet ex]cise1 on gu>d1 or = combat4 ,fif?4 ,fall 9 is execut$ ) ! piece at ! ord] arms4 ,,fall ,,out1 ,,re/1 & ,,at ,,ease are execut$ z )\t arms4 ,on resum+ ,,att5tion ! position ( ord] arms is tak54 ,six?4 ,if at ! ord]1 unless o!rwise prescrib$1 ! piece is br\ght to ! "r %\ld] at ! comm& ,,m>*1 ! ?ree motions correspond+ ) ! fir/ ?ree /eps4 ,movem5ts may be execut$ at ! trail by prefac+ ! prep>atory comm& ) ! words ,,at ,,trail2 z1 #a4 ,attrail1=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*2 ! trail is tak5 at ! comm& m>*4 ,:5 ! fac+s1 alignm5ts1 op5 & close ranks1 tak+ int]val or di/ance1 & assembl+s are execut$ f ! ord]1 raise ! piece to ! trail :ile 9 motion & resume ! ord] on halt+4 ,sev5?4 ,! piece is br\ght to ! ord] on halt+4 ,! execution ( ! ord] beg9s :5 ! halt is complet$4 ,eigh?4 ,a dis5gag$ h& 9 d\ble "t is held z :5 )\t arms4 #gf4 ,! foll[+ rules gov]n ! execution ( ! manual ( arms3 ,fir/4 ,9 all positions ( ! left h& at ! balance 7c5t] ( gravity1 bayonet unfix$7 ! ?umb clasps ! piece2 ! sl+ is includ$ 9 ! grasp ( ! h&4 ,second4 ,9 all positions ( ! piece diagonally across ! body ! position ( ! piece1 left arm & h& are ! same z 9 port arms4 ,?ird4 ,9 resum+ ! ord] f any position 9 ! manual1 ! motion next to ! la/ concludes ) ! butt ( ! piece ab\t #c in*es f ! gr\nd1 b>rel to ! re>1 ! left h& above & ne> ! "r1 /eady+ ! piece1 f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =e>m & wri/ /raight & incl9+ d[nw>d1 all f+]s ( ! "r h& grasp+ ! piece4 ,to complete ! ord]1 l[] ! piece g5tly to ! gr\nd ) ! "r h&1 drop ! left quickly by ! side1 & take ! position ( ord] arms4 ,all[+ ! piece to drop ?r\gh ! "r h& to ! gr\nd1 or o!r simil> abuse ( ! rifle to produce effect 9 execut+ ! manual1 is prohibit$4 ,f\r?4 ,! cad5ce ( ! motions is t ( quick "t2 ! recruits are fir/ requir$ to give _! :ole att5tion to ! details ( ! motions1 ! cad5ce be+ gradually acquir$ z !y become accu/om$ to h&l+ _! pieces4 ,! in/ructor may require !m to c\nt al\d 9 cad5ce ) ! motions4 ,fif?4 ,! manual is taught at a halt & ! movem5ts are1 = ! purpose ( in/ruction1 divid$ into motions & execut$ 9 detail2 9 ?is case ! comm& ( ,,execution det]m9es ! prompt execution ( ! fir/ motion1 & ! comm&s1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 t ( ! o!r motions4 ,to execute ! movem5ts 9 detail1 ! in/ructor fir/ cautions3 ,,by ,,! ,,numb]s2 all movem5ts divid$ into motions are !n execut$ z above expla9$ until he cautions3 ,,)\t ,,! ,,numb]s2 or comm&s movem5ts o!r ?an ^? 9 ! manual ( arms4 ,six?4 ,:5ev] circum/ances require1 ! regul> positions ( ! manual ( arms & ! fir+s may be ord]$ )\t reg>d to ! previ\s position ( ! piece4 ,"u exceptional conditions ( wea!r or fatigue ! rifle may be c>ri$ 9 any mann] direct$4 #gg4 ,,position ,,( ,,ord] ,,arms ,,/&+3 ,! butt re/s ev5ly on ! gr\nd1 b>rel to ! re>1 toe ( ! butt on a l9e ) toe (1 & t\*+1 ! "r %oe1 arms & h&s hang+ naturally1 "r h& hold+ ! piece betwe5 ! ?umb & f+]s4 #gh4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,) ! "r h& c>ry ! piece 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body1 b>rel to ! re> & v]tical1 grasp x ) ! left h& at ! balance1 =e>m horizontal & re/+ aga9/ ! body4 7,,two7 ,grasp ! small ( ! /ock ) ! "r h&4 #gi4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,) ! "r h& raise & ?r[ ! piece diagonally across ! body4 grasp x sm>tly ) bo? h&s2 ! "r palm d[n1 at ! small ( ! /ock2 ! left palm up1 at ! balance2 b>rel up1 slop+ to ! left & cross+ opposite ! junction ( ! neck ) ! left %\ld]2 "r =e>m horizontal2 left =e>m re/+ aga9/ ! body2 ! piece 9 a v]tical plane p>allel to ! front4 #hj4 ,be+ at pres5t arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,c>ry ! piece diagonally across ! body & take ! position ( port arms4 #ha4 ,be+ at port arms3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,c>ry ! piece to a v]tical position 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body & take ! position ( pres5t arms4 #hb4 ,be+ at pres5t or port arms3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,let g ) ! "r h&2 l[] & c>ry ! piece to ! "r ) ! left h&2 regrasp x ) ! "r h& j above ! l[] b&2 let g ) ! left h&1 & take ! next to ! la/ position 9 com+ to ! ord]1 7,,two7 ,complete ! ord]4 #hc4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,"r%\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,) ! "r h& raise & ?r[ ! piece diagonally across ! body2 c>ry ! "r h& quickly to ! butt1 embrac+ x1 ! heel betwe5 ! fir/ two f+]s4 7,,two7 ,)\t *ang+ ! grasp ( ! "r h&1 place ! piece on ! "r %\ld]1 b>rel up & incl9$ at an angle ( ab\t #de f ! horizontal1 trigg] gu>d 9 ! holl[ ( ! %\ld]1 "r elb[ ne> ! side1 ! piece 9 a v]tical plane p]p5dicul> to ! front2 c>ry ! left h&1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 to ! small ( ! /ock1 tip ( ! =ef+] t\*+ ! cock+ piece1 wri/ /raight & elb[ d[n4 7,,?ree7 ,drop ! left h& by ! side4 #hd4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,press ! butt d[n quickly & ?r[ ! piece diagonally across ! body1 ! "r h& reta9+ ! grasp ( ! butt4 7,,two71 7,,?ree7 ,execute ord] arms u describ$ f port arms4 #he4 ,be+ at port arms3 #a4 ,"r%\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,*ange ! "r h& to ! butt4 7,,two71 7,,?ree7 ,z 9 "r %\ld] arms f ord] arms4 #hf4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,press ! butt d[n quickly & ?r[ ! piece diagonally across ! body1 ! "r h& reta9+ its grasp ( ! butt4 7,,two7 ,*ange ! "r h& to ! small ( ! /ock4 #hg4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,execute port arms4 7,,?ree7 ,execute pres5t arms4 #hh4 ,be+ at pres5t arms3 #a4 ,"r%\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,execute port arms4 7,,two71 7,,?ree71 7,,f\r7 ,execute "r %\ld] arms z f port arms4 #hi4 ,be+ at port arms3 #a4 ,left%\ld]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,c>ry ! piece ) ! "r h& & place x on ! left %\ld]1 b>rel up1 trigg] gu>d 9 ! holl[ ( ! %\ld]2 at ! same "t grasp ! butt ) ! left h&1 heel betwe5 fir/ & second f+]s1 ?umb & f+]s clos$ on ! /ock4 7,,two7 ,drop ! "r h& by ! side4 ,be+ at left %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,port1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,grasp ! piece ) ! "r h& at ! small ( ! /ock4 7,,two7 ,c>ry ! piece to ! "r ) ! "r h&1 regrasp x ) ! left1 & take ! position ( port arms4 ,,left ,,%\ld] ,,arms may be ord]$ directly f ! ord]1 "r %\ld] or pres5t1 or ! rev]se4 ,at ! comm& ,,arms execute ,,port ,,arms & cont9ue 9 cad5ce to ! position ord]$4 #ij4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/4 ,c>ry ! "r foot #f in*es /raight to ! re>1 left knee slightly b5t2 c>ry ! muzzle 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! body1 b>rel to ! left2 grasp ! piece ) ! left h& j bel[ ! /ack+ swivel1 & ) ! "r h& bel[ & aga9/ ! left4 ,be+ at p>ade re/3 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,att5tion4 ,resume ! ord]1 ! left h& quitt+ ! piece opposite ! "r hip4 #ia4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,trail1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,raise ! piece1 "r arm slightly b5t1 & incl9e ! muzzle =w>d s t ! b>rel makes an angle ( ab\t #cj ) ! v]tical4 ,:5 x c be done )\t dang] or inconv5i5ce to o!rs1 ! piece may be grasp$ at ! balance & ! muzzle l[]$ until ! piece is horizontal2 a simil> position 9 ! left h& may be us$4 #ib4 ,be+ at trail arms3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,l[] ! piece ) ! "r h& & resume ! ord]4 ,,rifle ,,salute4 #ic4 ,be+ at "r %\ld] arms3 #a4 ,rifle1 #b4 ,,salute4 ,c>ry ! left h& sm>tly to ! small ( ! /ock1 =e>m horizontal1 palm ( h& d[n1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =ef+] t\*+ end ( cock+ piece2 look t[>d ! p]son salut$4 7,,two7 ,drop left h& by ! side2 turn head & eves to ! front4 #id4 ,be+ at ord] or trail arms3 #a4 ,rifle1 #b4 ,,salute4 ,c>ry ! left h& sm>tly to ! "r side1 palm ( ! h& d[n1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =ef+] aga9/ piece ne> ! muzzle2 look t[>d ! p]son salut$4 7,,two7 ,drop ! left h& by ! side2 turn ! head & eyes to ! front4 ,= rules gov]n+ salutes1 see ,honors & ,salutes4 ,,! ,,bayonet4 #ie4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,fix1 #b4 ,,bayonet4 ,if ! bayonet scabb>d is c>ri$ on ! belt3 ,execute p>ade re/2 grasp ! bayonet ) ! "r h&1 back ( h& t[>d ! body2 draw ! bayonet f ! scabb>d & fix x on ! b>rel1 glanc+ at ! muzzle2 resume ! ord]4 ,if ! bayonet is c>ri$ on ! hav]sack3 ,draw ! bayonet ) ! left h& & fix x 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]4 #if4 ,be+ at ord] arms3 #a4 ,unfix1 #b4 ,,bayonet4 ,if ! bayonet scabb>d is c>ri$ on ! belt3 ,execute p>ade re/2 grasp ! h&le ( ! bayonet firmly ) ! "r h&1 press+ ! spr+ ) ! =ef+] ( ! "r h&2 raise ! bayonet until ! h&le is ab\t #ab in*es above ! muzzle ( ! piece2 drop ! po9t to ! left1 back ( ! h& t[>d ! body1 &1 glanc+ at ! scabb>d1 return ! bayonet1 ! blade pass+ betwe5 ! left arm & ! body2 regrasp ! piece ) ! "r h& & resume ! ord]4 ,if ! bayonet scabb>d is c>ri$ on ! hav]sack3 ,take ! bayonet f ! rifle ) ! left h& f9d return x to ! scabb>d 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]4 ,if m>*+ or ly+ d[n1 ! bayonet is fix$ & unfix$ 9 ! mo/ exp$iti\s & conv5i5t mann] & ! piece return$ to ! orig9al position4 ,fix & unfix bayonet are execut$1 ) promptness & regul>ity b n 9 cad5ce4 #ig4 ,,*>ge ,,bayonet4 ,:e!r execut$ at halt or 9 motion1 ! bayonet is held t[>d ! oppon5t z 9 ! position ( gu>d 9 ! ,manual = ,bayonet ,ex]cise4 ,ex]cises = in/ruction 9 bayonet combat are prescrib$ 9 ! ,manual = ,bayonet ,ex]cise4 ,,! ,,inspection4 #ih4 ,be+ at ord] firms3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! second comm& take ! position ( port arms4 7,,two7 ,seize ! bolt h&le ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! "r h&1 turn ! h&le up1 draw ! bolt back1 & glance at ! *amb]4 ,hav+ f\nd ! *amb] empty1 or hay+ empti$ x1 raise ! head & eyes to ! front4 #ii4 ,be+ at inspection arms3 #a4 ,ord]7,"r%\ld]1port71 #b4 ,,arms4 ,at ! prep>atory comm& pu% ! bolt =w>d1 turn ! h&le d[n1 pull ! trigg]1 & resume port arms4 ,at ! comm& arms1 complete ! movem5t ord]$4 ,,to ,,dismiss ,,! ,,squad4 #ajj4 ,be+ at halt3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,port1 #d4 ,,arms1 #e4 ,,dismiss$4 ,,section #e4 ,,s*ool ,,( ,,! ,,squad4 #aja4 ,soldi]s are gr\p$ into squads = purposes ( in/ruction1 discipl9e1 control1 & ord]4 #ajb4 ,! squad prop] consi/s ( a corporal & sev5 privates4 ,! movem5ts 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad are design$ to make ! squad a fix$ unit f9d to facilitate ! control & movem5t ( ! company4 ,if ! numb] ( m5 gr\p$ is m ?an #c & less ?an #ab1 !y are =m$ z a squad ( #d files1 ! excess above #h be+ po/$ z file clos]s4 ,if ! numb] gr\p$ is great] ?an #aa1 #b or m squads are =m$ & ! gr\p is t]m$ a platoon4 ,= ! in/ruction ( recruits1 ^! rules may be modifi$4 #ajc4 ,! corporal is ! squad lead]1 & :5 abs5t is replac$ by a designat$ private4 ,if no private is designat$1 ! s5ior 9 l5g? ( s]vice acts z lead]4 ,! corporal1 :5 9 ranks1 is po/$ z ! left man 9 ! front rank ( ! squad4 ,:5 ! corporal leaves ! ranks to lead 8 squad1 8 re> rank man /eps into ! front rank1 & ! file rema9s blank until ! corporal returns to 8 place 9 ranks1 :5 8 re> rank man /eps back into ! re> rank4 #ajd4 ,9 battle (fic]s & s]geants endeavor to pres]ve ! integrity ( squads2 !y designate new lead]s to replace ^? disabl$1 organize new squads :5 necess>y1 & see t e man is plac$ 9 a squad4 ,m5 are taught ! necessity ( rema9+ ) ! squad to :i* !y belong &1 9 case x be brok5 up or !y become sep>at$ !refrom1 to atta* !mselves to ! ne>e/ squad & platoon lead]s1 :e!r ^! be ( _! own or ( ano!r organization4 #aje4 ,! squad executes ! ,,halt1 ,,re/1 ,,fac+s1 ,,/eps1 & ,,m>*+s & ! ,,manual ,,( ,,arms z expla9$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,soldi]4 ,,to ,,=m ,,! ,,squad4 #ajf4 ,to =m ! squad ! in/ructor places himself #c paces 9 front ( :]e ! c5t] is to be & comm&s3 ,,fall ,,94 ,! m5 assemble at att5tion1 pieces at ! ord]1 & are arrang$ by ! corporal 9 d\ble rank1 z ne>ly z practicable 9 ord] ( height f "r to left1 ea* man dropp+ 8 left h& z soon z ! man on 8 left has 8 int]val4 ,! re> rank =ms ) di/ance ( #dj in*es4 ,! in/ructor !n comm&s3 ,,c\nt ,,(f4 ,at ?is comm& all except ! "r file execute ,,eyes ,,"r1 & beg9n+ on ! "r1 ! m5 9 ea* rank c\nt "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r2 ea* man turns 8 head & eyes to ! front z he c\nts4 ,pieces are !n inspect$4 ,,alignm5ts4 #ajg4 ,to align ! squad1 ! base file or files hav+ be5 e/abli%$3 #a4 ,"r7,left71 #b4 ,,dress1 #c4 ,,front4 ,at ! comm& ,,dress all m5 place ! left h& ^u ! hip 7:e!r dress+ to ! "r or left72 ea* man1 except ! base file1 :5 on or ne> ! new l9e executes ,,eyes ,,"r1 &1 tak+ /eps ( #b or #c in*es1 places himself s t 8 "r arm re/s lightly aga9/ ! arm ( ! man on 8 "r1 & s t 8 eyes & %\ld]s are 9 l9e ) ^? ( ! m5 on 8 "r2 ! re> rank m5 cov] 9 file4 ,! in/ructor v]ifies ! alignm5t ( bo? ranks f ! "r flank & ord]s up or back su* m5 z may be 9 re>1 or 9 advance1 ( ! l9e2 only ! m5 designat$ move4 ,at ! comm& front1 giv5 :5 ! ranks are align$1 ea* man turns 8 head & eyes to ! front & drops 8 left h& by 8 side4 ,9 ! fir/ drills ! basis ( ! alignm5t is e/abli%$ on1 or p>allel to1 ! front ( ! squad2 aft]w>ds1 9 oblique directions4 ,:5ev] ! position ( ! base file or files necessitates a consid]able movem5t by ! squad1 su* movem5t w be execut$ by m>*+ to ! front or oblique1 to ! flank or backw>d1 z ! case may be1 )\t o!r comm&1 & at ! trail4 #ajh4 ,to pres]ve ! alignm5t :5 m>*+3 ,,guide ,,"r 7,,left74 ,! m5 pres]ve _! int]vals f ! side ( ! guide1 yield+ to pressure f t side & resi/+ pressure f ! opposite direction2 !y recov] int]vals1 if lo/1 by gradually op5+ out or clos+ 92 !y recov] alignm5t by slightly l5g!n+ or %ort5+ ! /ep2 ! re>-rank m5 cov] _! file lead]s at #dj in*es4 ,9 d\ble rank1 ! front-rank man on ! "r1 or designat$ flank1 conducts ! m>*2 :5 m>*+ fac$ to ! flank1 ! l5d+ man ( ! front rank is ! guide4 ,,to ,,take ,,int]vals ,,& ,,di/ances4 #aji4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt3 #a4 ,take int]val1 #b4 ,to!"r 7left71 #c4 ,,m>*1 #d4 ,squad1 #e4 ,,halt4 ,at ! second comm& ! re>-rank m5 m>* backw>d #d /eps & halt2 at ! comm& m>* all face to ! "r & ! lead+ man ( ea* rank /eps (f2 ! o!r m5 /ep (f 9 succession1 ea* foll[+ ! prec$+ man at #d paces1 re>-rank m5 m>*+ abrea/ ( _! file lead]s4 ,at ! comm& halt1 giv5 :5 all h _! int]vals1 all halt & face to ! front4 #aaj4 ,be+ at int]vals1 to assemble ! squad3 #a4 ,assemble1 to!"r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! front-rank man on ! "r /&s fa/1 ! re>-rank man on ! "r closes to #dj in*es4 ,! o!r m5 face to ! "r1 close by ! %orte/ l9e1 & face to ! front4 #aaa4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt & hav+ c\nt$ (f3 #a4 ,take di/ance1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,at ! comm& m>* ,no4 #a ( ! front rank moves /raight to ! front2 ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d ( ! front rank & ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d ( ! re> rank1 9 ! ord] nam$1 move /raight to ! front1 ea* /epp+ (f s z to foll[ ! prec$+ man at #d paces4 ,! comm& ,,halt is giv5 :5 all h _! di/ances4 ,9 case m ?an "o squad is 9 l9e1 ea* squad executes ! movem5t z above4 ,! guide ( ea* rank ( numb]s is "r4 #aab4 ,be+ at di/ances1 to assemble ! squad3 #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,no4 #a ( ! front rank /&s fa/2 ! o!r numb]s move =w>d to _! prop] places 9 l9e4 ,,to ,,/ack ,,& ,,take ,,arms4 #aac4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt3 ,,/ack ,,arms4 ,ea* ev5 numb] ( ! front rank grasps 8 piece ) ! left h& at ! upp] b& & re/s ! butt betwe5 8 feet1 b>rel to ! front1 muzzle incl9$ slightly to ! front & opposite ! c5t] ( ! int]val on 8 "r1 ! ?umb & =ef+] rais+ ! /ack+ swivel2 ea* ev5 numb] ( ! re> rank !n passes 8 piece1 b>rel to ! re>1 to 8 file lead]1 :o grasps x betwe5 ! b&s ) 8 "r h& & ?r[s ! butt ab\t #b feet 9 advance ( t ( 8 own piece & opposite ! "r ( ! int]val1 ! "r h&-slipp+ to ! upp] b&1 ! ?umb & =ef+] rais+ ! /ack+ swivel1 :i* he engages ) t ( 8 own piece2 ea* odd numb] ( ! front rank raises 8 piece ) ! "r h&1 c>ries x well =w>d1 b>rel to ! front2 ! left h&1 guid+ ! /ack+ swivel1 engages ! l[] hook ( ! swivel ( 8 own piece ) ! free hook ( t ( ! ev5 numb] ( ! re> rank2 he !n turns ! b>rel outw>d into ! angle =m$ by ! o!r two pieces & l[]s ! butt to ! gr\nd1 to ! "r ( & aga9/ ! toe ( 8 "r %oe4 ,! /acks made1 ! loose pieces are laid on !m by ! ev51 numb]s ( ! front rank4 ,:5 ea* man has f9i%$ h&l+ pieces1 he takes ! position ( ! soldi]4 #aad4 ,be+ 9 l9e beh9d ! /acks3 ,,take ,,arms4 ,! loose pieces are return$ by ! ev5 numb]s ( ! front rank2 ea* ev5 numb] ( ! front rank grasps 8 own piece ) ! left h&1 ! piece ( 8 re>-rank man ) 8 "r h&1 grasp+ bo? betwe5 ! b&s2 ea* odd numb] ( ! front rank grasps 8 piece 9 ! same way ) ! "r h&1 dis5gages x by rais+ ! butt f ! gr\nd & !n1 turn+ ! piece to ! "r1 deta*es x f ! /ack2 ea* ev5 numb] ( ! front rank dis5gages & deta*es 8 piece by turn+ x to ! left1 & !n passes ! piece ( 8 re>-rank man to him1 & all resume ! ord]4 #aae4 ,%\ld any squad h ,nos4 #b & #c blank files1 ,no4 #a re> rank takes ! place ( ,no4 #b re> rank 9 mak+ & break+ ! /ack2 ! /acks made or brok51 he resumes 8 po/4 ,pieces n us$ 9 mak+ ! /ack are t]m$ loose pieces4 ,pieces are nev] /ack$ ) ! bayonet fix$4 ,,! ,,oblique ,,m>*4 #aaf4 ,= ! in/ruction ( recruits1 ! squad be+ 9 column or correctly align$1 ! in/ructor causes ! squad to face half "r or half left1 po9ts out to ! m5 _! relative positions1 & expla9s t ^! are to be ma9ta9$ 9 ! oblique m>*4 #aag4 #a4 ,"r7,left7oblique1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,ea* man /eps (f 9 a direction #de deg4 to ! "r ( 8 orig9al front4 ,he pres]ves 8 relative position1 keep+ 8 %\ld]s p>allel to ^? ( ! guide 7! man on ! "r front ( ! l9e or column71 & s regulates 8 /eps t ! ranks rema9 p>allel to _! orig9al front4 ,at ! comm& halt ! m5 halt fac$ to ! front4 ,to resume ! orig9al direction3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! m5 half face to ! left 9 m>*+ & !n move /raight to ! front4 ,if at ,,half ,,/ep or ,,m>k ,,"t :ile obliqu+1 ! oblique m>* is resum$ by ! comm&s3 #a4 ,oblique1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,,to ,,turn ,,on ,,mov+ ,,pivot4 #aah4 ,be+ 9 l9e3 #a4 ,"r7,left7turn1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! movem5t is execut$ by ea* rank successively & on ! same gr\nd4 ,at ! second comm&1 ! pivot man ( ! front rank faces to ! "r 9 m>*+ & takes ! half /ep2 ! o!r m5 ( ! rank oblique to ! "r until opposite _! places 9 l9e1 !n execute a second "r oblique & take ! half /ep on arriv+ abrea/ ( ! pivot man4 ,all glance t[>d ! m>*+ flank :ile at half /ep & take ! full /ep )\t comm& z ! la/ man arrives on ! l9e4 ,,"r 7,,left7 ,,half ,,turn is execut$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,! pivot man makes a half *ange ( direction to ! "r & ! o!r m5 make qu>t] *anges 9 obliqu+4 ,,to ,,turn ,,on ,,fix$ ,,pivot4 #aai4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to turn & m>*3 #a4 ,squad"r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! second comm&1 ! "r flank man 9 ! front rank faces to ! "r 9 m>*+ & m>ks "t2 ! o!r front-rank m5 oblique to ! "r1 place !mselves abrea/ ( ! pivot1 & m>k "t4 ,9 ! re> rank ! ?ird man f ! "r1 foll[$ 9 column by ! second & fir/1 moves /raight to ! front until 9 re> ( 8 front-rank man1 :5 all face to ! "r 9 m>*+ & m>k "t2 ! o!r numb] ( ! re> rank moves /raight to ! front f\r paces & places himself abrea/ ( ! man on 8 "r4 ,m5 on ! new l9e glance t[>d ! m>*+ flank :ile m>k+ "t &1 z ! la/ man arrives on ! l9e1 bo? ranks execute ,,=w>d1 ,,m>*1 )\t comm&4 #abj4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to turn & halt3 #a4 ,squad"r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,! ?ird comm& is giv5 imm$iately aft] ! second4 ,! turn is execut$ z prescrib$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph except t all m51 on arriv+ on ! new l9e1 m>k "t until ! f\r? comm& is giv51 :5 all halt4 ,! f\r? comm& %\ld be giv5 z ! la/ man arrives on ! l9e4 #aba4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to turn ab\t & m>*3 #a4 ,squad"r 7left7ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! second comm&1 ! front rank twice executes ,,squad ,,"r1 initiat+ ! ,,second ,,squad "r :5 ! man on ! m>*+ flank has arriv$ abrea/ ( ! rank4 ,9 ! re> rank ! ?ird man f ! "r1 foll[$ by ! second & fir/ 9 column1 moves /raight to ! front until on ! prolongation ( ! l9e to be occupi$ by ! re> rank2 *anges direction to ! "r2 moves 9 ! new direction until 9 re> ( 8 front-rank man1 :5 all face to ! "r 9 m>*+1 m>k "t1 & glance t[>d ! m>*+ flank4 ,! f\r? man m>*es on ! left ( ! ?ird to 8 new position2 z he arrives on ! l9e1 bo? ranks execute ,,=w>d1 ,,m>*1 )\t comm&4 #abb4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to turn ab\t & halt3 #a4 ,squad"r 7left7ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,! ?ird comm& is giv5 imm$iately aft] ! second4 ,! turn is execut$ z prescrib$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph except t all m51 on arriv+ on ! new l9e1 m>k "t until ! f\r? comm& is giv51 :5 all halt4 ,! f\r? comm& %\ld be giv5 z ! la/ man arrives on ! l9e4 ,,to ,,foll[ ,,! ,,corporal4 #abc4 ,be+ assembl$ or deploy$1 to m>* ! squad )\t unnecess>y comm&s1 ! corporal places himself 9 front ( x & comm&s ,,foll[ ,,me4 ,if 9 l9e or skirmi% l9e4 ,no4 #b ( ! front rank foll[s 9 ! trace ( ! corporal at ab\t #c paces2 ! o!r m5 con=m to ! movem5ts ( ,no4 #b4 guid+ on him & ma9ta9+ _! relative positions4 ,if 9 column1 ! head ( ! column foll[s ! corporal4 ,,to ,,deploy ,,z ,,skirmi%]s4 #abd4 ,be+ 9 any =mation1 assembl$3 #a4 ,zskirmi%]s1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! corporal places himself 9 front ( ! squall1 if n already !re4 ,mov+ at a run1 ! m5 place !mselves abrea/ ( ! corporal at half-pace int]vals1 ,nos4 #a & #b on 8 "r1 ,nos4 #c & #d on 8 left1 re>-rank m5 on ! "r ( _! file lead]s1 extra m5 on ! left ( ,no4#d2 all !n con=m to ! corporal's gait4 ,:5 ! squad is act+ alone1 skirmi% l9e is simil>ly =m$ on ,no4 #b ( ! front rank1 :o /&s fa/ or cont9ues ! m>*1 z ! case may be2 ! corporal places himself 9 front ( ! squad :5 advanc+ f9d 9 re> :5 halt$4 ,:5 deploy$ u skirmi%]s1 ! m5 m>* at ease1 pieces at ! trail unless o!rwise ord]$4 ,! corporal is ! guide :5 9 ! l9e2 o!rwise ,no4 #b front rank is ! guide4 #abe4 ,! normal int]val betwe5 skirmi%]s is "o-half pace1 result+ practically 9 "o man p] y>d ( front4 ,! front ( a squad ?us deploy$ z skirmi%]s is ab\t #aj paces4 ,,to ,,increase ,,or ,,dim9i% ,,int]vals4 #abf4 ,if assembl$1 & x is desir$ to deploy at great] ?an ! normal int]val2 or if deploy$1 & x is desir$ to increase or decrease ! int]val3 #a4 ,zskirmi%]s17s_m7paces1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,int]vals are tak5 at ! indicat$ numb] ( paces4 ,if already deploy$1 ! m5 move by ! flank t[>d or away f ! guide4 ,,! ,,assembly4 #abg4 ,be+ deploy$3 #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! m5 move t[>d ! corporal & =m 9 _! prop] places4 ,if ! corporal cont9ues to advance1 ! m5 move 9 d\ble "t1 =m1 & foll[ him4 ,! assembly :ile m>*+ to ! re> is n execut$4 ,,kneel+ ,,& ,,ly+ ,,d[n4 #abh4 ,if /&+3 ,,kneel4 ,half face to ! "r2 c>ry ! "r toe ab\t #a foot to ! left re> ( ! left heel2 kneel on "r knee1 sitt+ z ne>ly z possible on ! "r heel2 left =e>m across left ?igh2 piece rema9s 9 position ( ord] arms1 "r h& grasp+ x above ! l[] b&4 #abi4 ,if /&+ or kneel+3 ,,lie ,,d[n4 ,kneel1 b ) "r knee aga9/ left heel2 c>ry back ! left foot & lie flat on ! belly1 incl9+ body ab\t #ce deg4 to ! "r2 piece horizontal1 b>rel up1 muzzle (f ! gr\nd & po9t$ to ! front2 elb[s on ! gr\nd2 left h& at ! balance1 "r h& grasp+ ! small ( ! /ock opposite ! neck4 ,?is is ! position ( ord] arms1 ly+ d[n4 #acj4 ,if kneel+ or ly+ d[n3 ,,rise4 ,if kneel+1 /& up1 fac$ to ! front1 on ! gr\nd m>k$ by ! left heel4 ,if ly+ d[n1 raise body on bo? knees2 /& up1 fac$ to ! front1 on ! gr\nd m>k$ by ! knees4 #aca4 ,if ly+ d[n3 ,,kneel4 ,raise ! body on bo? knees2 take ! position ( kneel4 #acb4 ,9 d\ble rank1 ! positions ( kneel+ & ly+ d[n are ord9>ily us$ only = ! bett] utilization ( cov]4 ,:5 deploy$ z skirmi%]s1 a sitt+ position maybe tak5 9 lieu ( ! position kneel+4 ,,load+s ,,& ,,fir+s4 #acc4 ,! comm&s = load+ & fir+ are ! same :e!r /&+1 kneel+1 or ly+ d[n4 ,! fir+s are always execut$ at a halt4 ,:5 kneel+ or ly+ d[n 9 d\ble rank1 ! re> rank does n load1 aim1 or fire4 ,! in/ruction 9 fir+ w be prec$$ by a comm& = load+4 ,load+s are execut$ 9 l9e & skirmi% l9e only4 #acd4 ,pieces hav+ be5 ord]$ load$ are kept load$ )\t comm& until ! comm& ,,unload1 or ,,inspection ,,arms1 fre% clips be+ ins]t$ :5 ! magaz9e is exhau/$4 #ace4 ,! aim+ po9t or t>get is c>efully po9t$ out4 ,?is may be done be=e or aft] ann\nc+ ! sight sett+4 ,bo? are indicat$ be=e giv+ ! comm& = fir+1 b may be omitt$ :5 ! t>get appe>s sudd5ly & is unmi/akable2 9 su* case battle sight is us$ if no sight sett+ is ann\nc$4 #acf4 ,! t>get or aim+ po9t hav+ be5 designat$ & ! sight sett+ ann\nc$1 su* designation or ann\ncem5t ne$ n be repeat$ until a *ange ( ei!r or bo? is necess>y4 ,troops are tra9$ to cont9ue _! fire ^u ! aim+ po9t or t>get designat$1 & at ! sight sett+ ann\nc$1 until a *ange is ord]$4 #acg4 ,if ! m5 are n already 9 ! position ( load1 t position is tak5 at ! ann\ncem5t ( ! sight sett+2 if ! ann\ncem5t is omitt$1 ! position is tak5 at ! fir/ comm& = fir+4 #ach4 ,:5 deploy$1 ! use ( ! sl+ z an aid to accurate fir+ is discretion>y ) ea* man4 ,,to ,,load4 #aci4 ,be+ 9 l9e or skirmi% l9e at halt3 #a4 ,)dummy 7blankorball7c>tridges1 #b4 ,,load4 ,at ! comm& load ea* front-rank man or skirmi%] faces half "r & c>ries ! "r foot to ! "r1 ab\t #a foot1 to su* position z w insure ! greate/ firmness & /ead9ess ( ! body2 raises1 or l[]s1 ! piece & drops x into ! left h& at ! balance1 left ?umb ext5d$ along ! /ock1 muzzle at ! height ( ! brea/1 & turns ! cut-(f up4 ,) ! "r h& he turns & draws ! bolt back1 takes a load$ clip & ins]ts ! end 9 ! clip slots1 places ! ?umb on ! p[d] space ( ! top c>tridge1 ! f+]s ext5d+ ar\nd ! piece & tips re/+ on ! magaz9e floor plate2 =ces ! c>tridges into ! magaz9e by press+ d[n ) ! ?umb2 )\t remov+ ! clip1 ?ru/s ! bolt home1 turn+ d[n ! h&le2 turns ! safety lock to ! safe f9d c>ries ! h& to ! small ( ! /ock4 ,ea* re>-rank man moves to ! "r front1 takes a simil> position opposite ! int]val to ! "r ( 8 front-rank man1 muzzle ( ! piece ext5d+ beyond ! front rank1 & loads4 ,a skirmi% l9e may load :ile mov+1 ! pieces be+ held z ne>ly z practicable 9 ! position ( load4 ,if kneel+ or sitt+1 ! position ( ! piece is simil>2 if kneel+1 ! left =e>m re/s on ! left ?igh2 if sitt+1 ! elb[s are support$ by ! knees4 ,if ly+ d[n1 ! left h& /eadies & supports ! piece at ! balance1 ! toe ( ! butt re/+ on ! gr\nd1 ! muzzle (f ! gr\nd4 ,= ref]5ce1 ^! positions 7/&+1 kneel+1 & ly+ d[n7 are designat$ z t ( load4 #adj4 ,= in/ruction 9 load+3 #a4 ,simulate1 #b4 ,,load4 ,execut$ z above describ$1 except t ! cut-(f rema9s (f & ! h&l+ ( c>tridges is simulat$4 ,! recruits are fir/ taught to ,,simulate load+ & fir+2 aft] a few lessons dummy c>tridges may be us$4 ,lat]1 blank c>tridges may be us$4 #ada4 ,! rifle may be us$ z a s+le load] by turn+ ! magaz9e (f4 ,! magaz9e may be fill$ 9 :ole or 9 "p :ile (f or on by press+ c>tridges s+ly d[n & back until !y are 9 ! prop] place4 ,! use ( ! rifle z a s+le load] is1 h[ev]1 to be reg>d$ z exceptional4 ,,to ,,unload4 #adb4 ,,unload4 ,take ! position ( load1 turn ! safety lock up & move bolt alt]nately back & =w>d until all ! c>tridges are eject$4 ,aft] ! la/ c>tridge is eject$ ! *amb] is clos$ by fir/ ?ru/+ ! bolt slightly =w>d to free x f ! /ud hold+ x 9 place :5 ! *amb] is op51 press+ ! foll[] d[n & back to engage x "u ! bolt & !n ?ru/+ ! bolt home2 ! trigg] is pull$4 ,! c>tridges are !n pick$ up1 clean$1 & return$ to ! belt & ! piece is br\ght to ! ord]4 ,,to ,,set ,,! ,,sight4 #adc4 ,,range1 ,,elev5 ,,hundr$ 7,,eight-,,fifty1 etc471 or ,,battle ,,sight4 ,! sight is set at ! elevation indicat$4 ,! in/ructor expla9s & v]ities sight sett+s1 ,,to ,,fire ,,by ,,volley4 #add4 #a4 ,,ready1 #b4 ,,aim1 #c4 ,squad1 #d4 ,,fire4 ,at ! comm& ,,ready turn ! safety lock to ! ready2 at ! comm& ,,aim raise ! piece ) bo? h&s & support ! butt firmly aga9/ ! holl[ ( ! "r %\ld]1 "r ?umb clasp+ ! /ock1 b>rel horizontal1 left elb[ well "u ! piece1 "r elb[ z high z ! %\ld]2 incl9e ! head slightly =w>d & a little to ! "r1 *eek aga9/ ! /ock1 left eye clos$1 "r eye look+ ?r\gh ! not* ( ! re> sight s z to p]ceive ! object aim$ at1 second jo9t ( =ef+] re/+ lightly aga9/ ! front ( ! trigg] & tak+ up ! slack2 top ( front sight is c>efully rais$ into1 & held 91 ! l9e ( sight4 ,ea* re>-rank man aims ?r\gh ! int]val to ! "r ( 8 file lead] & leans slightly =w>d to advance ! muzzle ( 8 piece beyond ! front rank4 ,9 aim+ kneel+1 ! left elb[ re/s on ! left knee1 po9t ( elb[ 9 front ( kneecap4 ,9 aim+ sitt+1 ! elb[s are support$ by ! knees4 ,9 aim+ ly+ d[n1 raise ! piece ) bo? h&s2 re/ on bo? elb[s & press ! butt firmly aga9/ ! "r %\ld]4 ,at ! comm& ,,fire press ! f+] aga9/ ! trigg]2 fire )\t d]ang+ ! aim & )\t l[]+ or turn+ ! piece2 l[] ! piece to ! position ( ,,load & load4 #ade4 ,to cont9ue ! fir+3 #a4 ,,aim1 #b4 ,squad1 #c4 ,,fire4 ,ea* comm& is execut$ z previ\sly expla9$4 ,,load 7f magaz9e7 is execut$ by draw+ back & ?ru/+ home ! bolt ) ! "r h&1 leav+ ! safety lock at ! ready4 ,,to ,,fire ,,at ,,w4 #adf4 ,,fire ,,at ,,w4 ,ea* man1 indep5d5tly ( ! o!rs1 comes to ! ,,ready1 aims c>efully & delib]ately ut ! aim+ po9t or t>get1 ,,fires1 ,,loads1 & cont9ues ! fir+ until ord]$ to ,,susp5d or ,,cease ,,fir+4 #adg4 ,to increase 7decrease7 ! rate ( fire 9 progress ! in/ructor %\ts3 ,,fa/] 7,,sl[]74 ,m5 are tra9$ to fire at ! rate ( ab\t ?ree %ots p] m9ute at effective ranges & five or six at close ranges1 devot+ ! m9imum ( "t to load+ & ! maximum to delib]ate aim+4 ,to illu/rate ! necessity = delib]ation1 & to habituate m5 to combat conditions1 small & comp>atively indi/9ct t>gets are designat$4 ,,to ,,fire ,,by ,,clip4 #adh4 ,,clip ,,fire4 ,execut$ 9 ! same mann] u ,,fire ,,at ,,w1 except t ea* man1 aft] hav+ exhau/$ ! c>tridges !n 9 ! piece1 ,,susp5ds ,,fir+4 ,,to ,,susp5d ,,fir+4 #adi4 ,! in/ructor bl[s a ,,long ,,bla/ ( ! :i/le & repeats same1 if necess>y1 or comm&s3 ,,susp5d ,,fir+4 ,fir+ /ops2 pieces are held1 load$ & lock$1 9 a position ( read9ess = in/ant resumption ( fir+1 re> sights un*ang$4 ,! m5 cont9ue to obs]ve ! t>get or aim+ po9t1 or ! place at :i* ! t>get disappe>$1 or at :i* x is expect$ to reappe>4 ,?is :i/le signal may be us$ z a prelim9>y to ,,cease ,,fir+4 ,,to ,,cease ,,fir+4 #aej4 ,,cease ,,fir+4 ,fir+ /ops2 pieces n already !re are br\ght to ! position ( load2 ^? n load$ are load$2 sights are laid1 pieces are lock$ & br\ght to ! old]4 ,,cease ,,fir+ is us$ = long pauses1 to prep>e = *anges ( position1 or to /eady ! m54 #aea4 ,comm&s = susp5d+ or ceas+ fire may be giv5 at any "t aft] ! prep>atory comm& = fir+ :e!r ! fir+ has actually comm5c$ or n4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,cov]4 #aeb4 ,! recruit %\ld be giv5 c>eful in/ruction 9 ! individual use ( cov]4 ,x %\ld be impress$ ^u him t1 9 tak+ advantage ( natural cov]1 he mu/ be able to fire easily & effectively ^u ! enemy2 if advanc+ on an enemy1 he mu/ d s /eadily & z rapidly z possible2 he mu/ conceal himself z mu* z possible :ile fir+ & :ile advanc+4 ,:ile sett+ 8 sight he %\ld be "u cov] or ly+ prone4 #aec4 ,to tea* him to fire easily & effectively1 at ! same "t conceal+ himself f ! view ( ! enemy1 he is practic$ 9 simulat$ fir+ 9 ! prone1 sitt+1 kneel+1 & cr\*+ positions1 f beh9d hillocks1 trees1 heaps ( e>? or rocks1 f depressions1 gullies1 dit*es1 doorways1 or w9d[s4 ,he is taught to fire ar\nd ! "r side ( 8 concealm5t :5ev] possible1 or1 :5 ?is is n possible1 to rise en\gh to fire ov] ! top ( 8 concealm5t1 ,:5 ^! details are und]/ood1 he is requir$ to select cov] ) ref]5ce to an assum$ enemy & to place himself beh9d x 9 prop] position = fir+4 #aed4 ,! evil ( rema9+ too long 9 "o place1 h[ev] good ! concealm5t1 %\ld be expla9$4 ,he %\ld be taught to advance f cov] to cov]1 select+ cov] 9 advance be=e leav+ 8 concealm5t4 ,x %\ld be impress$ ^u him t a man runn+ rapidly t[>d all enemy furni%es a poor t>get4 ,he %\ld be tra9$ 9 spr++ f a prone position beh9d concealm5t1 runn+ at top spe$ to cov] & ?r[+ himself beh9d x4 ,he %\ld also be practic$ 9 advanc+ f cov] to cov] by crawl+1 or by ly+ on ! left side1 rifle grasp$ 9 ! "r h&1 & pu%+ himself =w>d ) ! "r leg4 #aee4 ,he %\ld be taught t1 :5 fir$ on :ile act+ indep5d5tly1 he %\ld drop to ! gr\nd1 seek cov]1 & !n endeavor to locate 8 enemy4 #aef4 ,! in/ruction ( ! recruit 9 ! use ( cov] is cont9u$ 9 ! combat ex]cises ( ! company1 b he mu/ !n be taught t ! prop] advance ( ! platoon or company & ! effectiv5ess ( its fire is ( great] importance ?an ! "q ( cov] = individuals4 ,he %\ld also be taught t he may n move ab\t or %ift 8 position 9 ! fir+ l9e except ! bett] to see ! t>get4 ,,obs]vation4 #aeg4 ,! ability to use 8 eyes accurately is ( great importance to ! soldi]4 ,! recruit %\ld be tra9$ 9 obs]v+ 8 surr\nd+ f positions & :5 on ! m>*4 ,he %\ld be practic$ 9 po9t+ out & nam+ milit>y features ( ! gr\nd2 9 di/+ui%+ betwe5 liv+ be+s2 9 c\nt+ di/ant gr\ps ( objects or be+s2 9 recogniz+ colors & =ms4 #aeh4 ,9 ! tra9+ ( m5 9 ! me*anism ( ! fir+ l9e1 !y %\ld be practic$ 9 repeat+ to "o ano!r t>get & aim+ po9t designations & 9 quickly locat+ & po9t+ out a designat$ t>get4 ,!y %\ld be taught to di/+ui%1 f a prone position1 di/ant objects1 p>ticul>ly troops1 bo? ) ! nak$ eye & ) field glasses4 ,simil>ly1 !y %\ld be tra9$ 9 e/imat+ di/ances4 ,,section #f4 ,,s*ool ,,( ,,! ,,company4 #aei4 ,! capta9 is responsible = ! !oretical & practical in/ruction ( 8 (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s1 n only 9 ! duties ( _! respective grades1 b 9 ^? ( ! next high] grades4 #afj4 ,! company 9 l9e is =m$ 9 d\ble rank ) ! m5 arrang$1 z f> z practicable1 accord+ to height f "r to left1 ! talle/ on ! "r4 ,! orig9al division into squads is effect$ by ! comm&3 ,,c\nt ,,(f4 ,! squads1 successively f ! "r1 c\nt (f z 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 corporals plac+ !mselves z ,nos4 #d ( ! front rank4 ,if ! left squad conta9s less ?an six m51 x is ei!r increas$ to t numb] by transf]s f o!r squads or is brok5 up & its memb]s assign$ to o!r squads & po/$ 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s4 ,^! squad organizations are ma9ta9$1 by transf]s if necess>y1 until ! company becomes s r$uc$ 9 numb]s u to necessitate a new division into squads4 ,no squad w conta9 less ?an six m54 #afa4 ,! company is fur!r divid$ into two1 ?ree1 or f\r platoons1 ea* consi/+ ( n less ?an two nor m ?an f\r squads4 ,9 g>rison or c]emonies ! /r5g? ( platoons may exce$ f\r squads4 #afb4 ,at ! =mation ( ! company ! platoons or squads are numb]$ consecutively f "r to left & ^! designations d n *ange4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 giv+ comm&s & = ref]5ce1 ! designations1 ,,"r1 ,,c5t]1 ,,left1 :5 9 l9e1 & ,,lead+1 ,,c5t]1 ,,re>1 :5 9 column1 are appli$ to platoons or squads4 ,^! designations apply to ! actual "r1 left1 c5t]1 head1 or re>1 9 :atev] direction ! company may be fac+4 ,! ,,c5t] squad is ! middle or "r middle squad ( ! company4 ,! designation ,s-&-s's squad or platoon may also be us$4 #afc4 ,platoons are assign$ to ! lieut5ants & noncommission$ (fic]s1 9 ord] ( rank1 z foll[s3 #a4 "r2 #b4 left2 #c4 c5t] 7"r c5t]72 #d4 left c5t]4 ,! noncommission$ (fic]s next 9 rank are assign$ z guides1 "o to ea* platoon4 ,if s]geants /ill rema91 !y are assign$ to platoons z additional guides4 ,:5 ! platoon is deploy$1 its guide or guides accompany ! platoon lead]4 ,dur+ battle1 ^! assignm5ts are n *ang$2 vacancies are fill$ by noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! platoon or by ! ne>e/ available (fic]s or noncommission$ (fic]s arriv+ ) re5=c+ troops4 ,illu/ration #afd4 ,! fir/ s]geant is nev] assign$ z a guide4 ,:5 n comm&+ a platoon he is po/$ z a file clos] opposite ! ?ird file f ! out] flank ( ! fir/ platoon2 & :5 ! company is deploy$ he accompanies ! capta94 ,! qu>t]ma/] s]geant1 :5 pres5t1 is assign$ accord+ to 8 rank z a s]geant4 ,enli/$ m5 bel[ ! grade ( s]geant1 arm$ ) ! rifle1 are 9 ranks unless s]v+ z guides2 :5 n s arm$1 !y are po/$ 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s4 ,musicians1 :5 requir$ to play1 are at ! head ( ! column4 ,:5 ! company is deploy$1 !y accompany ! capta94 #afe4 ,! company executes ! ,,halt1 ,,re/s1 ,,fac+s1 ,,/eps & ,,m>*+s1 ,,manual ,,( ,,arms1 ,,load+s & ,,fir+s1 ,,takes ,,int]vals & ,,di/ances & ,,assembles1 ,,increases & ,,dim9i%es ,,int]vals1 resumes ,,att5tion1 ,,obliques1 resumes ! direct m>*1 pres]ves alignm5ts1 ,,kneels1 ,,lies ,,d[n1 ,,rises1 ,,/acks1 & ,,takes ,,arms1 z expla9$ 9 ! ,s*ools ( ! ,soldi] & ! ,squad1 sub/itut+ 9 ! comm&s ,,company = ,,squad4 ,! same rule applies to platoons1 deta*m5ts1 details1 etc41 sub/itut+ _! designation = ,,squad 9 ! comm&s4 ,9 ! same mann] ^! execute ! movem5ts prescrib$ = ! ,,company1 :5ev] possible1 sub/itut+ _! designation = ,,company 9 ! comm&s4 #aff4 ,a company s deplet$ z to make division into platoons impracticable is l$ by ! capta9 z a s+le platoon1 b reta9s ! designation ( company4 ,! lieut5ants & fir/ s]geant assi/ 9 fire control2 ! o!r s]geants place !mselves 9 ! fil+ l9e z skirmi%]s4 ,,close ,,ord]4 ,,rules4 #afg4 ,! guides ( ! "r & left1 or lead+ & re>1 platoons1 are ! "r & left1 or lead+ & re>1 guides1 respectively1 ( ! company :5 x is 9 l9e or 9 column ( squads4 ,o!r guides are 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s4 ,9 platoon movem5ts ! po/ ( ! platoon guide is at ! head ( ! platoon1 if ! platoon is 9 column1 & on ! guid+ flank if 9 l9e4 ,:5 a platoon has two guides _! orig9al assignm5t to flanks ( ! platoon does n *ange4 #afh4 ,! guides ( a column ( squads place !mselves on ! flank opposite ! file clos]s4 ,to *ange ! guides & file clos]s to ! o!r flank1 ! capta9 comm&s3 #a4 ,file clos]sonleft7"r7flank2 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! file clos]s d>t ?r\gh ! column2 ! capta9 & guides *ange4 ,9 column ( squads1 ea* rank pres]ves ! alignm5t t[>d ! side ( ! guide4 #afi4 ,m5 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s d n execute ! load+s or fir+s4 ,guides & enli/$ m5 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s execute ! manual ( arms dur+ ! drill unless specially excus$1 :5 !y rema9 at ! ord]4 ,dur+ c]emonies !y execute all movem5ts4 #agj4 ,9 ,,tak+ ,,int]vals ,,& ,,di/ances1 unless o!rwise direct$1 ! "r & left guides1 at ! fir/ comm&1 place !mselves 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s1 &1 ) !m1 take a di/ance ( #d paces f ! re> rank4 ,9 tak+ int]vals1 at ! comm& ,,m>*1 ! file clos]s face to ! flank & ea* /eps (f ) ! file ne>e/ him4 ,9 ,,assembl+ ! guides & file clos]s resume _! positions 9 l9e4 #aga4 ,9 movem5ts execut$ simultane\sly by platoons 7z ,,platoons ,,"r or ,,platoons1 ,,column ,,"r71 platoon lead]s repeat ! prep>atory comm& 7,,platoon ,,"r1 etc471 applicable to _! respective platoons4 ,! comm& ( execution is giv5 by ! capta9 only4 ,,to ,,=m ,,! ,,company4 #agb4 ,at ! s\nd+ ( ! assembly ! fir/ s]geant takes position #f paces 9 front ( :]e ! c5t] ( ! company is to be1 faces x1 draws sab]1 & comm&s3 ,,fall ,,94 ,! "r guide ( ! company places himself1 fac+ to ! front1 :]e ! "r ( ! company is to re/1 & at su* po9t t ! c5t] ( ! company w be #f paces f & opposite ! fir/ s]geant2 ! squads =m 9 _! prop] places on ! left ( ! "r guide1 sup]9t5d$ by ! o!r s]geants1 :o !n take _! po/s4 ,! fir/ s]geant comm&s3 ,,report4 ,rema9+ 9 position at ! ord]1 ! squad lead]s1 9 succession f ! "r1 salute & report3 ,,all ,,pres5t2 or ,,private7,s7 ------ ,,abs5t4 ,! fir/ s]geant does n return ! salutes ( ! squad lead]s2 he !n comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,ord]1 #d4 ,,arms1 faces ab\t1 salutes ! capta91 reports3 ,,sir1 ,,all ,,pres5t ,,or ,,acc\nt$ ,,=1 or ! names ( ! unau?oriz$ abs5tees1 & )\t comm&1 takes 8 po/4 ,if ! company c n be =m$ by squads1 ! fir/ s]geant comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,"r%\ld]1 #d4 ,,arms1 & calls ! roll4 ,ea* man1 z 8 "n is call$1 answ]s "h & executes ord] arms4 ,! s]geant !n effects ! division into squads & reports ! company z prescrib$ above4 ,! capta9 places himself #ab paces 9 front ( ! c5t] (1 & fac+1 ! company 9 "t to receive ! report ( ! fir/ s]geant1 ^: salute he returns1 & !n draws sab]4 ,! lieut5ants take _! po/s :5 ! fir/ s]geant has report$ & draw sab] ) ! capta94 ,! company1 if n "u arms1 is =m$ 9 l mann] omitt+ ref]5ce to arms4 #agc4 ,= ! in/ruction ( platoon lead]s & guides1 ! company1 :5 small1 may be =m$ 9 s+le rank4 ,9 ?is =mation close ord] movem5ts only are execut$4 ,! s+le rank executes all movem5ts z expla9$ = ! front rank ( a company4 ,,to ,,dismiss ,,! ,,company4 #agd4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt1 ! capta9 directs ! fir/ s]geant3 ,,dismiss ,,! ,,company4 ,! (fic]s fall\t2 ! fir/ s]geant places himself fac$ to ! front1 #c paces to ! front & #b paces f ! ne>e/ flank ( ! company1 salutes1 faces t[>d opposite flank ( ! company1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection4 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,port1 #d4 ,,arms1 #e4 ,,dismiss$4 ,,alignm5ts4 #age4 ,! alignm5ts are execut$ z prescrib$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 ! guide be+ e/abli%$ in/ead ( ! flank file4 ,! re>-rank man ( ! flank file keeps 8 head & eyes to ! front & cov]s 8 file lead]4 ,at ea* alignm5t ! capta9 places himself 9 prolongation ( ! l9e1 #b paces f & fac+ ! flank t[>d :i* ! dress is made1 v]ifies ! alignm5t1 & comm&s3 ,,front4 ,platoon l5d]s take a l position :5 requit$ to v]ify alignm5ts4 ,,movem5ts ,,on ,,! ,,fix$ ,,pivot4 #agf4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to tune ! company3 #a4 ,company"r 7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt2 or1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! second comm& ! "r-flank man 9 ! front rank faces to ! "r 9 m>*+ & m>ks "t2 ! o!r front-rank m5 oblique to ! "r1 place !mselves abrea/ ( ! pivot1 & m>k "t2 9 ! re> rank ! ?ird man f ! "r1 foll[$ 9 column by ! second & fir/1 moves /raight to ! front until 9 re> ( 8 front-rank man1 :5 all face to ! "r 9 m>*+ & m>k "t2 ! rema9+ m5 ( ! re> rank move /raight to ! front #d paces1 oblique to ! "r1 place !mselves abrea/ ( ! ?ird man1 cov] _! file lead]s1 & m>k "t2 ! "r guide /eps back1 takes po/ on ! flank1 & m>ks "t4 ,! f\r? comm& is giv5 :5 ! la/ man is #a pace 9 re> ( ! new l9e4 ,! comm& ,,halt may be giv5 at any "t aft] ! movem5t beg9s2 only ^? halt :o are 9 ! new position4 ,ea* ( ! o!rs halt ^u arriv+ on ! l9e1 aligns himself to ! "r1 & executes ,,front )\t comm&4 #agg4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m column ( platoons1 or ! rev]se3 #a4 ,platoons"r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt2 or1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ by ea* platoon z describ$ = ! company4 ,be=e =m+ l9e ! capta9 sees t ! guides on ! flank t[>d :i* ! movem5t is to be execut$ are cov]+4 ,?is is effect$ by previ\sly ann\nc+ ! guide to t flank4 #agh4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m column ( squads1 or ! rev]se2 or1 be+ 9 l9e ( platoons1 to =m column ( platoons1 or ! rev]se3 #a4 ,squads"r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 or1 #a4 ,squads"r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,execut$ by ea* squad z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad4 ,if ! company or platoons be =m$ 9 l9e t[>d ! side ( ! file clos]s1 !y d>t ?r\gh ! column & take po/s 9 re> ( ! company at ! second comm&4 ,if ! column ( squads be =m$ f l9e1 ! file clos]s take po/s on ! pivot flank1 abrea/ ( & #d in*es f ! ne>e/ rank4 ,,movem5ts ,,on ,,! ,,mov+ ,,pivot4 #agi4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to *ange direction3 #a4 ,"r7,left7turn1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 except t ! m5 d n glance t[>d ! m>*+ flank & t all take ! full /ep at ! f\r? comm&4 ,! "r guide is ! pivot ( ! front rank4 ,ea* re>-rank man obliques on ! same gr\nd z 8 file lead]4 #ahj4 ,be+ 9 column ( platoons1 to *ange direction3 #a4 ,column "r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! fir/ comm& ! lead] ( ! l5d+ platoon comm&s3 ,,"r ,,turn4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>* ! lead+ platoon turns to ! "r on mov+ pivot2 its l5d] comm&s3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*1 on completion ( ! turn4 ,re> platoons m>* squ>ely up to ! turn+ po9t ( ! lead+ platoon & turn at comm& ( _! l5d]s4 #aha4 ,be+ 9 column ( squads1 to *ange direction3 #a4 ,column "r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! second comm& ! front rank ( ! lead+ squad turns to ! "r on mov+ pivot1 z 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad2 ! o!r ranks1 )\t comm&1 turn successively on ! same gr\nd & 9 a simil> mann]4 #ahb4 ,be+ 9 column ( squads1 to =m l9e ( platoons or ! rev]se3 #a4 ,platoons1column"r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ by ea* platoon z describ$ = ! company4 #ahc4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m column ( squads & *ange direction3 #a4 ,squads"r7left71column"r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*2 or1 #a4 ,"r7,left7bysquads1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! "r squad initiates ! ,,column ,,"r z soon z x has complet$ ! ,,squad ,,"r4 ,9 ! second case1 at ! comm& m>*1 ! "r squad m>*es ,,=w>d2 ! rema9d] ( ! company executes ,,squads ,,"r1 ,,column ,,left1 & foll[s ! "r squad4 ,! "r guide1 :5 he has po/$ himself 9 front ( ! "r squad1 takes f\r %ort /eps1 !n resumes ! full /ep2 ! "r squad con=ms4 #ahd4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m l9e ( platoons3 #a4 ,squads"r 7left71platoonscolumn"r7left71 #b4 ,,m>*2 or1 #a4 ,platoons1"r7left7bysquads1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ by ea* platoon z describ$ = ! company 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,,fac+ ,,or ,,m>*+ ,,to ,,! ,,re>4 #ahe4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 l9e ( platoons1 or 9 column ( platoons or squads1 to face or m>* to ! re>3 #a4 ,squads"r7left7 ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*2 or1 #a4 ,squads"r7left7ab\t1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,execut$ by ea* squad z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad4 ,if ! company or platoons be 9 column ( squads1 ! file clos]s turn ab\t t[>d ! column1 & take _! po/s2 if 9 l9e1 ea* d>ts ?r\gh ! ne>e/ int]val betwe5 squads4 #ahf4 ,to m>* to ! re> = a few paces3 #a4 ,ab\t1 #b4 ,,face1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,if 9 l9e1 ! guides place !mselves 9 ! re> rank1 n[ ! front rank2 ! file clos]s1 on fac+ ab\t1 ma9ta9 _! relative positions4 ,no o!r movem5t is execut$ until ! l9e is fac$ to ! orig9al front4 ,,on ,,"r 7,,left7 ,,into ,,l9e4 #ahg4 ,be+ 9 column ( platoons or squads1 to =m l9e on "r or left3 #a4 ,on"r7left7intol9e1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt1 #e4 ,,front4 ,at ! fir/ comm& ! lead] ( ! lead+ unit comm&s3 ,,"r ,,turn4 ,! lead]s ( ! o!r units comm&3 ,,=w>d1 if at a halt4 ,at ! second comm& ! lead+ unit turns to ! "r on mov+ pivot4 ,! comm& ,,halt is giv5 :5 ! lead+ unit has advanc$ ! desir$ di/ance 9 ! new direction2 x halts2 its lead] !n comm&s3 ,,"r ,,dress4 ,! units 9 re> cont9ue to m>* /raight to ! front2 ea*1 :5 opposite ! "r ( its place 9 l9e1 executes "r turn at ! comm& ( its lean]2 ea* is halt$ on ! l9e at ! comm& ( its lead]1 :o !n comm&s3 ,,"r ,,dress4 ,all dress on ! fir/ unit 9 l9e4 ,if execut$ 9 d\ble "t1 ! l5d+ squad m>*es 9 d\ble "t until halt$4 ,,front ,,into ,,l9e4 #ahh4 ,be+ 9 column ( platoons or squads4 to =m l9e to ! front3 #a4 ,"r7,left7frontintol9e1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt1 #e4 ,,front4 ,at ! fir/ comm& ! lead]s ( ! units 9 re> ( ! lead+ "o comm&3 ,,"r ,,oblique4 ,if at a halt1 ! lead] ( ! lead+ unit comm&s3 ,,=w>d4 ,at ! second comm& ! lead+ unit moves /raight =w>d2 ! re> units oblique z indicat$4 ,! comm& ,,halt is giv5 :5 ! lead+ unit has advanc$ ! desir$ di/ance2 x halts2 its lead] !n comm&s3 ,,left ,,dress4 ,ea* ( ! re> units1 :5 opposite its place 9 l9e1 resumes ! orig9al direction at ! comm& ( its lead]2 ea* is halt$ on ! l9e at ! comm& ( its lead]1 :o !n comm&s3 ,,left ,,dress4 ,all dress on ! fir/ unit 9 l9e4 #ahi4 ,be+ 9 column ( squads to =m column ( platoons1 or be+ 9 l9e ( platoons1 to =m ! company 9 l9e3 #a4 ,platoons1"r17left7frontintol9e1 #b4 ,,m>*4 #c4 ,company1 #d4 ,,halt1 #e4 ,,front4 ,execut$ by ea* platoon z describ$ = ! company4 ,9 =m+ ! company 9 l9e1 ! dress is on ! left squad ( ! left platoon4 ,if =m+ column ( platoons1 platoon lead]s v]ify ! alignm5t be=e tak+ _! po/s2 ! capta9 comm&s front :5 ! alignm5ts h be5 v]ifi$4 ,:5 ,,front ,,into ,,l9e is execut$ 9 d\ble "t ! comm&s = halt+ & align+ are omitt$ & ! guide is t[>d ! side ( ! fir/ unit 9 l9e4 ,,at ,,ease ,,& ,,r\te ,,/ep4 #aij4 ,! column ( squads is ! habitual column ( r\te4 b r\te /ep & at ease are applicable to any m>*+ =mation4 #aia4 ,to m>* at r\te /ep3 #a4 ,r\te/ep1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,sab]s are c>ri$ at w or 9 ! scabb>d2 ! m5 c>ry _! pieces at w1 keep+ ! muzzles elevat$2 !y are n requir$ to pres]ve sil5ce1 nor to keep ! /ep4 ,! ranks cov] & pres]ve _! di/ance4 ,if halt$ f r\te /ep1 ! m5 /& ,,at ,,re/4 #aib4 ,to m>* at ease3 #a4 ,atease1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! company m>*es z 9 r\te /ep1 except t sil5ce is pres]v$2 :5 halt$1 ! m5 rema9 at ease4 #aic4 ,m>*+ at r\te /ep or fit ease3 #a4 ,company1 #b4 ,,att5tion4 ,at ! comm& ,,att5tion ! pieces are br\ght to ! "r %\ld] & ! cad5c$ /ep 9 quick "t is resum$4 ,,to ,,dim9i% ,,! ,,front ,,( ,a ,,column ,,( ,,squads4 #aid4 ,be+ 9 column ( squads3 #a4 ,"r7,left7bytwos1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>* all files except ! two "r files ( ! lead+ squad execute ,,9 ,,place ,,halt2 ! two left files ( ! lead+ squad oblique to ! "r :5 dis5gag$ & foll[ ! "r files at ! %orte/ practicable di/ance4 ,! rema9+ squads foll[ successively 9 l mann]4 #aie4 ,be+ 9 column ( squads or twos3 #a4 ,"r7,left7by file1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 all files execute 9 place halt except ! "r file ( ! lead+ two or squad4 ,! left file or files ( ! lead+ two or squad oblique successively to ! "r :5 dis5gag$ & ea* foll[s ! file on its "r at ! %orte/ practicable di/ance4 ,! rema9+ twos or squads foll[ successively 9 l mann]4 #aif4 ,be+ 9 column ( files or twos1 to =m column ( squads2 or be+ 9 column ( files1 to =m column ( twos3 #a4 ,squads 7,twos71"r7left7frontintol9e1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 ! lead+ file or files halt4 ,! rema9d] ( ! squad1 or two1 obliques to ! "r & halts on l9e ) ! lead+ file or files4 ,! rema9+ squads or twos close up & successively =m 9 re> ( ! fir/ 9 l mann]4 ,! movem5t describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph w be ord]$ ,,"r or ,,left1 s z to re/ore ! files to _! normal relative positions 9 ! two or squad4 #aig4 ,! movem5ts prescrib$ 9 ! ?ree prec$+ p>agraphs are difficult ( execution at att5tion & h no value z discipl9>y ex]cises4 #aih4 ,m>*+ by twos or files c n be execut$ )\t s]i\s delay & wa/e ( road space4 ,e reasonable precaution w be tak5 to obviate ! necessity = ^! =mations4 ,,ext5d$ ,,ord]4 ,,rules ,,= ,,deploym5t4 #aii4 ,! comm& ,,guide ,,"r 7,,left or ,,c5t]7 indicates ! base squad = ! deploym5t2 if 9 l9e x designates ! actual ,,"r 7,,left or ,,c5t]7 squad2 if 9 column ! comm& ,,guide ,,"r 7,,left7 designates ! ,,lead+ squad1 & ! comm& ,,guide ,,c5t] designates ! c5t] squad4 ,aft] ! deploym5t is complet$1 ! guide is ,,c5t] )\t comm&1 unless o!rwise ord]$4 #bjj4 ,at ! prep>atory comm& = =m+ skirmi% l9e1 f ei!r column ( squads or l9e1 ea* squad lead] 7except ! lead] ( ! base squad1 :5 8 squad does n advance71 cautions 8 squad1 ,,foll[ ,,me or ,,by ,,! ,,"r 7,,left7 ,,flank1 z ! case may be2 at ! comm& ,,m>*1 he /eps 9 front ( 8 squad & leads x to its place 9 l9e4 #bja4 ,hav+ giv5 ! comm& = =m+ skirmi% l9e1 ! capta91 if necess>y1 indicates to ! corporal ( ! base squad ! po9t on :i* ! squad is to m>*2 ! corporal habitually looks to ! capta9 = su* directions4 #bjb4 ,! base squad is deploy$ z soon z x has suffici5t int]val4 ,! o!r squads are deploy$ z !y arrive on ! g5]al l9e2 ea* corporal halts 9 8 place 9 l9e & comm&s or signals1 z skirmi%]s2 ! squad deploys & halts abrea/ ( him4 ,if tactical consid]ations dem& x1 ! squad is deploy$ be=e arriv+ on ! l9e4 #bjc4 ,deploy$ l9es pres]ve a g5]al alignm5t t[>d ! guide4 ,)9 _! respective fronts1 individuals or units m>* s z be/ to secure cov] or to facilitate ! advance1 b ! g5]al & ord]ly progress ( ! :ole is p>am\nt4 ,on halt+ a deploy$ l9e faces to ! front 7direction ( ! enemy7 9 all cases & takes advantage ( cov]1 ! m5 ly+ d[n if necess>y4 #bjd4 ,! company 9 skirmi% l9e ,,advances1 ,,halts1 ,,moves ,,by ,,! ,,flank1 or ,,to ,,! ,,re>1 ,,obliques1 resumes ! ,,direct ,,m>*1 passes f ,,quick to ,,d\ble ,,"t & ! rev]se by ! same comm&s & 9 a simil> mann] z 9 close ord]2 if at a halt1 ! movem5t ,,by ,,! ,,flank or ,,to ,,! ,,re> is execut$ by ! same comm&s z :5 m>*+4 ,,company ,,"r 7,,left1 ,,half ,,"r1 ,,half ,,left7 is execut$ z expla9$ = ! front rank1 skirmi% int]vals be+ ma9ta9$4 #bje4 ,a platoon or o!r "p ( ! company is deploy$ & m>*$ 9 ! same mann] z ! company1 sub/itut+ 9 ! comm&s1 ,,platoon 7,,deta*m5t1 etc47 = ,,company4 ,,deploym5ts4 #bjf4 ,be+ 9 l9e1 to =m skirmi% l9e to ! front3 #a4 ,z skirmi%]s1guide"r7leftorc5t]71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,if m>*+1 ! corporal ( ! base squad moves /raight to ! front2 :5 t squad has advanc$ ! desir$ di/ance1 ! capta9 comm&s3 #a4 ,company1 #b4 ,,halt4 ,if ! guide be ,,"r 7,,left71 ! o!r corporals move to ! ,,left 7,,"r7 front1 &1 9 succession f ! base1 place _! squads on ! l9e2 if ! guide be c5t]1 ! o!r corporals move to ! ,,"r or ,,left front1 accord+ z !y are on ! "r or left ( ! c5t] squad1 & 9 succession f ! c5t] squad place _! squads on ! l9e4 ,if at a halt1 ! base squad is deploy$ )\t advanc+2 ! o!r squads may be conduct$ to _! prop] places by ! flank2 int]ior squads may be mov$ :5 squads m di/ant f ! base h ga9$ com=table m>*+ di/ance4 #bjg4 ,be+ 9 column ( squads1 to =m skirmi% l9e to ! front3 #a4 ,zskirmi%]s1guide"r7leftorc5t]71 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,if m>*+1 ! corporal ( ! base squad deploys x & moves /raight to ! front2 if at a halt1 he deploys 8 squad )\t advanc+4 ,if ! guide be ,,"r 7,,left71 ! o!r corporals move to ! ,,left 7,,"r7 ,,front1 &1 9 succession f ! base1 place _! squads on ! l9e2 if ! guide be ,,c5t]1 ! corporals 9 front ( ! c5t] squad move to ! "r 7if at a halt1 to ! "r re>71 ! corporals 9 re> ( ! c5t] squad move to ! left front1 & ea*1 9 succession f ! base1 places 8 squad on ! l9e4 ,! column ( twos or files is deploy$ by ! same comm&s & 9 l mann]4 #bjh4 ,! company 9 l9e or 9 column ( squads may be deploy$ 9 an oblique direction by ! same comm&s4 ,! capta9 po9ts out ! desir$ direction2 ! corporal ( ! base squad moves 9 ! direction indicat$2 ! o!r corporals con=m4 #bji4 ,to =m skirmi% l9e to ! flank or re> ! l9e or ! column ( squads is turn$ by squads to ! flank or re> & !n deploy$ z describ$4 #baj4 ,! int]vals betwe5 m5 are increas$ or decreas$ z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 add+ to ! prep>atory comm&1 ,,guide ,,"r 7,,left or ,,c5t]7 if necess>y4 ,,! ,,assembly4 #baa4 ,! capta9 takes 8 po/ 9 front (1 or designates1 ! elem5t on :i* ! company is to assemble & comm&s3 #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,if 9 skirmi% l9e ! m5 move promptly t[>d ! designat$ po9t & ! company is re-=m$ 9 l9e4 ,if assembl$ by platoons1 ^! are conduct$ to ! designat$ po9t by platoon lead]s1 & ! company is re-=m$ 9 l9e4 ,platoons may be assembl$ by ! comm&3 #a4 ,platoons1assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,execut$ by ea* platoon z describ$ = ! company4 ,"o or m platoons may be assembl$ by ! comm&3 #a4 ,su*platoon7s71assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*1 ,execut$ by ! designat$ platoon or platoons z describ$ = ! company4 ,,! ,,advance4 #bab4 ,! advance ( a company into an engagem5t 7:e!r = attack or def5se7 is conduct$ 9 close ord]1 pref]ably column ( squads1 until ! probability ( enc\nt]+ ho/ile fire makes x advisable to deploy4 ,aft] deploym5t1 & be=e op5+ fire1 ! advance ( ! company may be cont9u$ 9 skirmi% l9e or o!r suitable =mation1 dep5d+ ^u circum/ances4 ,! advance may (t5 be facilitat$1 or bett] advantage tak5 ( cov]1 or losses r$uc$ by ! employm5t ( ! ,,platoon or ,,squad ,,columns or by ! use ( a ,,succession ,,( ,,?9 ,,l9es4 ,! selection ( ! me?od to be us$ is made by ! capta9 or major1 ! *oice dep5d+ ^u conditions aris+ dur+ ! progress ( ! advance4 ,if ! deploym5t is f\nd to be premature1 x w g5]ally be be/ to assemble ! company & proce$ 9 close ord]4 ,patrols ure us$ to provide ! necess>y security aga9/ surprise4 #bac4 ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e3 #a4 ,platooncolumns1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! platoon lead]s move =w>d ?r\gh ! c5t] ( _! respective platoons2 m5 to ! "r ( ! platoon lead] m>* to ! left & foll[ him 9 file2 ^? to ! left m>* 9 l mann] to ! "r2 ea* platoon lead] ?us conducts ! m>* ( 8 platoon 9 d\ble column ( files2 platoon guides foll[ 9 re> ( _! respective platoons to insure prompt & ord]ly execution ( ! advance4 #bad4 ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e3 #a4 ,squadcolumns1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,ea* squad lead] moves to ! front2 ! memb]s ( ea* squad oblique t[>d & foll[ _! squad lead] 9 s+le file at easy m>*+ di/ances4 #bae4 ,,platoon ,,columns are pr(itably us$ :]e ! gr\nd is s difficult or cov] s limit$ z to make x desirable to take advantage ( ! few favorable r\tes2 no two platoons %\ld m>* )9 ! area ( bur/ ( a s+le %rapnel4#e ,,squad ,,columns are ( value pr9cipally 9 facilitat+ ! advance ov] r\gh or bru%-gr[n gr\nd2 !y af=d no mat]ial advantage 9 secur+ cov]4 ,footnote #e3 ,ord9>ily ab\t #bj y>ds wide4 #baf4 ,to deploy platoon or squad columns3 #a4 ,zskirmi%]s1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,skirmi%]s move to ! "r or left front & successively place !mselves 9 _! orig9al positions on ! l9e4 #bag4 ,be+ 9 platoon or squad columns3 #a4 ,assemble1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! platoon or squad lead]s signal ,,assemble4 ,! m5 ( ea* platoon or squad1 z ! case may be1 advance &1 mov+ to ! "r & left1 take _! prop] places 9 l9e2 ea* unit assembl+ on ! lead+ elem5t ( ! column & re-=m+ 9 l9e4 ,! platoon or squad lead]s conduct _! units t[>d ! elem5t or po9t indicat$ by ! capta91 & to _! places 9 l9e2 ! company is re-=m$ 9 l9e4 #bah4 ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e1 to advance by a succession ( ?9 l9es3 #a4 7,su*numb]s71=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,! capta9 po9ts out 9 advance ! select$ position 9 front ( ! l9e occupi$4 ,! designat$ numb] ( ea* squad moves to ! front2 ! l9e ?us =m$ pres]ves ! orig9al int]vals z ne>ly z practicable2 :5 ?is l9e has advanc$ a suitable di/ance 7g5]ally f #ajj to #bej y>ds1 dep5d+ ^u ! t]ra9 & ! "* ( ! ho/ile fire71 a second is s5t =w>d by simil> comm&s1 & s on at irregul> di/ances1 until ! :ole l9e has advanc$1 ,^u arriv+ at ! indicat$ position1 ! fir/ l9e is halt$4 ,successive l9es1 ^u arriv+1 halt on l9e ) ! fir/ & ! m5 take _! prop] places 9 ! skirmi% l9e4 ,ord9>ily ea* l9e is made up ( "o man p] squad & ! m5 ( a squad are s5t =w>d 9 ord] f "r to left z deploy$4 ,! fir/ l9e is l$ by ! platoon lead] ( ! "r platoon1 ! second by ! guide ( ! "r platoon1 & s on 9 ord] f "r to left4 ,! advance is conduct$ 9 quick "t unless conditions dem& a fa/] gait4 ,! company hav+ arriv$ at ! indicat$ position2 a fur!r advance by ! same means may be advisable4 #bai4 ,! advance 9 a succession ( ?9 l9es is us$ to cross a wide /ret* swept1 or likely to be swept1 by artill]y fire or heavy1 long-range rifle fire :i* c n pr(itably be return$4 ,its purpose is ! build+ up ( a /rong skirmi% l9e prep>atory to engag+ 9 a fire tight4 ,?is me?od ( advanc+ results 9 s]i\s 7?\gh tempor>y7 loss ( control ov] ! company4 ,its advantage lies 9 ! fact t x (f]s less def9ite t>get1 h5ce is less likely to draw fire4 #bbj4 ,! above are sugge/ions4 ,o!r & bett] =mations may be devis$ to fit p>ticul> cases4 ,! be/ =mation is ! "o :i* advances ! l9e f>!/ ) ! lea/ loss ( m51 "t1 & control4 ,,! ,,fire ,,attack4 #bba4 ,! pr9ciples gov]n+ ! advance ( ! fir+ l9e 9 attack are consid]$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,battalion4 ,:5 x becomes impracticable = ! company to advance z a :ole by ord9>y means1 x advances by ru%es4 #bbb4 ,be+ 9 skirmi% l9e3 #a4 ,byplatoon7twoplatoons1squad1 f\rm51etc471f!"r7left71 #b4 ,,ru%4 ,! platoon lead] on ! indicat$ flank c>efully arranges ! details = a prompt & vigor\s execution ( ! ru% & puts x into effect z soon z practicable4 ,if necess>y1 he designates ! lead] = ! indicat$ fraction4 ,:5 ab\t to ru%1 he causes ! m5 ( ! fraction to cease fir+ & to hold !mselves flat1 b 9 read9ess to spr+ =w>d in/antly4 ,! lead] ( ! ru% 7at ! signal ( ! platoon lead]1 if ! latt] be n ! lead] ( ! ru%7 comm&s3 ,,foll[ ,,me1 &1 runn+ at top spe$1 leads ! fraction to ! new l9e1 :]e be halts x & causes x to op5 fire4 ,! lead] ( ! ru% selects ! new l9e if x has n be5 previ\sly designat$4 ,! fir/ fraction hav+ e/abli%$ itself on ! new l9e1 ! next l fraction is s5t =w>d by its platoon lead]1 )\t fur!r comm& ( ! capta91 & s on1 successively1 until ! entire company is on ! l9e e/abli%$ by ! fir/ ru%4 ,if m ?an "o platoon is to jo9 9 "o ru%1 ! junior platoon lead] con=ms to ! action ( ! s5ior4 ,a "p ( ! l9e hav+ advanc$1 ! capta9 may increase or decrease ! size ( ! fractions to complete ! movem5t4 #bbc4 ,:5 ! company =ms a "p ( ! fir+ l9e1 ! ru% ( ! company z a :ole is conduct$ by ! capta91 z describ$ = a platoon 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,! capta9 leads ! ru%2 platoon lead]s lead _! respective platoons2 platoon guides foll[ ! l9e to insure prompt & ord]ly execution ( ! advance4 #bbd4 ,:5 ! =ego+ me?od ( ru%+1 by runn+1 becomes impracticable1 any me?od ( advance t ,,br+s ,,! ,,attack ,,clos] ,,to ,,! ,,enemy1 su* z crawl+1 %\ld be employ$4 ,= regulations gov]n+ ! *>ge1 see p>agraphs #cah & #cai4 ,,! ,,company ,,9 ,,support4 #bbe4 ,to enable x to foll[ or rea* ! fir+ l9e1 ! support adopts suitable =mations1 foll[+ ! pr9ciples expla9$ 9 p>agraphs #bab-bah4 ,! support %\ld be kept assembl$ z long z practicable4 ,if aft] deploy+ a favorable opportunity arises to hold x = "s "t 9 close =mation1 x %\ld be reassembl$4 ,x is r$eploy$ :5 necess>y4 #bbf4 ,! movem5ts ( ! support z a :ole & ! dispat* ( re5=cem5ts f x to ! fir+ l9e are controll$ by ! major4 ,a re5=cem5t ( less ?an "o platoon has little influ5ce & w be avoid$ :5ev] practicable4 ,! capta9 ( a company 9 support is con/antly on ! al]t = ! major's signals or comm&s4 #bbg4 ,a re5=cem5t s5t to ! fir+ l9e jo9s x deploy$ z skirmi%]s4 ,! lead] ( ! re5=cem5t places x 9 an int]val 9 ! l9e1 if "o exi/s3 & comm&s x !reaft] z a unit4 ,if no su* suitable int]val exi/s1 ! re5=cem5t is advanc$ ) increas$ int]vals betwe5 skirmi%]s2 ea* man occupies ! ne>e/ int]val 9 ! fir+ l9e1 & ea* !n obeys ! ord]s ( ! ne>e/ squad l5d] & platoon lead]4 #bbh4 ,a re5=cem5t jo9s ! fir+ l9e z quickly z possible )\t exhau/+ ! m54 #bbi4 ,! orig9al platoon division ( ! companies 9 ! fir+ l9e %\ld be ma9ta9$ & %\ld n be brok5 up by ! m+l+ ( re5=cem5ts4 ,^u jo9+ ! fir+ l9e1 (fic]s & s]geants accompany+ a re5=cem5t take ov] ! duties ( o!rs ( l grade :o h be5 disabl$1 or di/ribute !mselves s z be/ to ex]cise _! normal functions4 ,conditions ) v>y & no rules c be prescrib$4 ,x is ess5tial t all assi/ 9 ma/]+ ! increas+ difficulties ( control4 ,,! ,,company ,,act+ ,,alone4 #bcj4 ,9 g5]al1 ! company1 :5 act+ alone1 is employ$ accord+ to ! pr9ciples applicable to ! battalion act+ alone2 ! capta9 employs platoons z ! major employs companies1 mak+ due all[ance = ! diff]5ce 9 /r5g?4 ,! support may be small] 9 proportion or may be disp5s$ )4 #bca4 ,! company mu/ be well protect$ aga9/ surprise4 ,combat patrols on ! flanks are specially important4 ,ea* lead] ( a flank platoon details a man to wat* = ! signals ( ! patrol or patrols on 8 flank4 ,,fire4 #bcb4 ,ord9>ily pieces are load$ & extra ammunition is issu$ be=e ! company deploys = combat4 ,9 close ord] ! company executes ! fir+s at ! comm& ( ! capta91 :o po/s himself 9 re> ( ! c5t] ( ! company4 ,usually ! fir+s1 9 close ord] consi/ ( salut+ volleys only4 #bcc4 ,:5 ! company is deploy$1 ! m5 execute ! fir+s at ! comm& ( _! platoon lead]s2 ! latt] give su* comm&s z are necess>y to c>ry out ! capta9's directions1 &1 f "t to "t1 add su* fur!r comm&s z are necess>y to cont9ue1 correct1 & control ! fire ord]$4 #bcd4 ,! voice is g5]ally inadequate = giv+ comm&s dur+ fire & mu/ be replac$ by signals ( su* "* t prop] fire direction & control is assur$4 ,to attract att5tion1 signals mu/ usually be prec$$ by ! :i/le signal 7%ort bla/74 ,a friction ( ! fir+ l9e ab\t to ru% %\ld1 x practicable1 avoid us+ ! long bla/ signal z an aid to ,,cease ,,fir+4 ,(fic]s & m5 beh9d ! fir+ l9e c n ord9>ily move freely along ! l9e1 b mu/ dep5d on mutual wat*fulness & ! prop] use ( ! prescrib$ signals4 ,all %\ld po/ !mselves s z to see _! imm$iate sup]iors & subord9ates4 #bce4 ,! musicians assi/ ! capta9 by obs]v+ ! enemy1 ! t>get1 & ! fire effect by transmitt+ comm&s or signals & by wat*+ = signals4 #bcf4 ,fir+ ) blank c>tridges at an outl9$ or repres5t$ enemy at di/ances less ?an #ajj y>ds is prohibit$4 #bcg4 ,! effect ( fire & ! influ5ce ( ! gr\nd 9 relation !reto1 & ! individual & collective in/ruction 9 m>ksman%ip1 are treat$ 9 ! ,small-,arms ,fir+ ,manual4 ,,ranges4 #bch4 ,= conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce ranges are classifi$ z foll[s3 #j to #fjj y>ds1 close range4 #fjj to #a1bjj y>ds1 effective range4 #a1bjj to #b1jjj y>ds1 long range4 #b1jjj y>ds & ov]1 di/ant range4 #bci4 ,! di/ance to ! t>get mu/ be det]m9$ z accurately z possible & ! sights set accord+ly4 ,aside f tra9+ & morale1 ?is is ! mo/ important s+le factor 9 secur+ effective fire at ! long] ranges4 #bdj4 ,except 9 a delib]ately prep>$ def5sive position1 ! mo/ accurate & only practicable me?od ( det]m9+ ! range w g5]ally be to take ! mean ( sev]al e/imates4 ,five or six (fic]s or m51 select$ f ! mo/ accurate e/imators 9 ! company1 are designat$ z ,,range ,,e/imators & are specially tra9$ 9 e/imat+ di/ances4 ,:5ev] necess>y & practicable1 ! capta9 assembles ! range e/imators1 po9ts out ! t>get to !m1 & adopts ! mean ( _! e/imates4 ,! range e/imators !n take _! cu/om>y po/s4 ,,classes ,,( ,,fir+4 #bda4 ,,volley ,,fir+ has limit$ application4 ,9 def5se x may be us$ 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! action if ! enemy pres5ts a l>ge1 compact t>get4 ,x may be us$ by troops execut+ ,,fire ,,( ,,position4 ,:5 ! gr\nd ne> ! t>get is su* t ! /rike ( bullets c be se5 f ! fir+ l9e1 ,,rang+ ,,volleys may be us$ to correct ! sight sett+4 ,9 combat1 volley fir+ is execut$ habitually by platoon4 #bdb4 ,,fire ,,at ,,w is ! class ( fire normally employ$ 9 attack or def5se4 #bdc4 ,,clip ,,fire has limit$ application4 ,x is pr9cipally us$3 #a4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ( combat1 to /eady ! m5 by habituat+ !m to brief pauses 9 fir+4 #b4 ,to produce a %ort bur/ ( fire4 ,,! ,,t>get4 #bdd4 ,ord9>ily ! major w assign to ! company an objective 9 attack or sector 9 def5se2 ! company's t>get w lie )9 ! limits s assign$4 ,9 ! *oice ( t>get1 tactical consid]ations are p>am\nt2 ! ne>e/ ho/ile troops )9 ! objective or sector w ?us be ! usual t>get4 ,?is w ord9>ily be ! ho/ile fir+ l9e2 troops 9 re> are ord9>ily prop] t>gets = artill]y1 ma*9e guns1 or1 at times1 infantry employ+ fire ( position4 ,*ange ( t>gets %\ld n be made )\t excell5t reasons !re=1 su* z ! sudd5 appe>ance ( ho/ile troops "u conditions :i* make !m m to be fe>$ ?an ! troops compris+ ! =m] t>get4 #bde4 ,! di/ribution ( fire ov] ! entire t>get is ( special importance4 ,! capta9 allots a "p ( ! t>get to ea* platoon1 or ea* platoon lead] takes z 8 t>get t "p :i* corresponds to 8 position 9 ! company4 ,m5 are s in/ruct$ t ea* fires on t "p ( ! t>get :i* is directly opposite him4 #bdf4 ,all p>ts ( ! t>get are equally important4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ t ! m5 d n slight its less visible p>ts4 ,a section ( ! t>get n cov]$ by fire repres5ts a numb] ( ! enemy p]mitt$ to fire cooly & effectively4 #bdg4 ,if ! t>get c n be se5 ) ! nak$ eye1 platoon lead]s select an object 9 front ( or beh9d x1 designate ?is z ! ,,aim+ ,,t>get1 & direct a sight sett+ :i* w c>ry ! cone ( fire into ! t>get4 ,,fire ,,direction4 #bdh4 ,:5 ! company is l>ge en\gh to be divid$ into platoons1 x is impracticable = ! capta9 to comm& x directly 9 combat4 ,8 effici5cy 9 manag+ ! fir+ l9e is measur$ by 8 ability to en=ce 8 w ?r\gh ! platoon lead]s4 ,hav+ indicat$ cle>ly :at he desires !m to d1 he avoids int]f]+ except to correct s]i\s errors or omissions4 #bdi4 ,! capta9 directs ! fire ( ! company or ( designat$ platoons4 ,he designates ! t>get1 &1 :5 practicable1 allots a "p ( ! t>get to ea* platoon4 ,be=e beg9n+ ! fire action he det]m9es ! range1 ann\nces ! sight sett+1 & indicates ! class ( fire to be employ$1 & ! "t to op5 fire4 ,!reaft]1 he obs]ves ! fire effect1 corrects mat]ial errors 9 sight sett+1 prev5ts exhau/ion ( ! ammunition supply1 & causes ! di/ribution ( su* extra ammunition z may be receiv$ f ! re>4 ,,fire ,,control4 #bej4 ,9 combat ! platoon is ! fire unit4 ,f #bj to #ce rifles are z _m z "o lead] c control effectively4 #bea4 ,ea* platoon lead] puts into execution ! comm&s or directions ( ! capta91 hav+ fir/ tak5 su* precautions to insure correct sight sett+ & cle> description ( ! t>get or aim+ t>get z ! situation p]mits or requires2 !reaft] he gives su* additional comm&s or directions z are necess>y to exact compliance ) ! capta9's w4 ,he corrects ! sight sett+ :5 necess>y4 ,he designates an aim+ t>get :5 ! t>get c n be se5 ) ! nak$ eye4 #beb4 ,9 g5]al1 ,,platoon ,,lead]s obs]ve ! t>get & ! effect ( _! fire & are on ! al]t = ! capta9's comm&s or signals2 !y obs]ve & regulate ! rate ( fire4 ,! ,,platoon ,,guides wat* ! fir+ l9e & *eck e brea* ( fire discipl9e4 ,,squad ,,lead]s transmit comm&s & signals :5 necess>y1 obs]ve ! conduct ( _! squads & abate excitem5t1 assi/ 9 en=c+ fire discipl9e & p>ticipate 9 ! fir+4 #bec4 ,! be/ troops are ^? t submit longe/ to fire control4 ,loss ( control is an evil :i* robs success ( its greate/ results4 ,to avoid or delay su* loss %\ld be ! con/ant aim ( all4 ,fire control implies ! ability to /op fir+1 *ange ! sight sett+ & t>get1 & resume a well direct$ fire4 ,,fire ,,discipl9e4 #bed4 ,fire discipl9e implies1 besides a habit ( ob$i5ce1 a control ( ! rifle by ! soldi]1 ! result ( tra9+1 :i* w enable him 9 action to make hits in/ead ( misses4 ,x embraces tak+ advantage ( ! gr\nd2 c>e 9 sett+ ! sight & deliv]y ( fire2 con/ant att5tion to ! ord]s ( ! lead]s1 & c>eful obs]vation ( ! enemy2 an increase ( fire :5 ! t>get is favorable1 & a cessation ( fire :5 ! enemy disappe>s2 economy ( ammunition4 7,small-arms ,fir+ ,manual47 ,9 combat1 %ots :i* graze ! enemy's tr5* or position & ?us r$uce ! effectiv5ess ( 8 fire h ! approximate value ( hits2 su* %ots only1 or actual hits1 contribute t[>d fire sup]iority4 ,fire discipl9e implies t1 9 a fir+ l9e )\t lead]s1 ea* man reta9s 8 pres5ce ( m9d & directs effective fire ^u ! prop] t>get4 #bee4 ,to create a correct appreciation ( ! requirem5ts ( fire discipl9e1 m5 are taught t ! rate ( fire %\ld be z rapid z is consi/5t ) accurate aim+2 t ! rate w dep5d ^u ! visibility1 proximity1 & size or ! t>get2 & t ! prop] rate w ord9>ily sugge/ itself to ea* tra9$ man1 usually r5d]+ cautions or comm&s unnecess>y4 ,9 attack ! highe/ rate ( fire is employ$ at ! halt prec$+ ! assault1 & 9 pursu+ fire4 #bef4 ,9 an advance by ru%es1 lead]s ( troops 9 fir+ positions are responsible = ! deliv]y ( heavy fire to cov] ! advance ( ea* ru%+ fraction4 ,troops are tra9$ to *ange slightly ! direction ( fire s z n to endang] ! flanks ( advanc$ portions ( ! fir+ l9e4 #beg4 ,9 def5se1 :5 ! t>get disappe>s beh9d cov]1 platoon lead]s susp5d fire1 prep>e _! platoons to fire ^u ! po9t :]e x is expect$ to reappe>1 & greet its reappe>ance in/antly ) vigor\s fire4 ,,section #g4 ,,company ,,inspection4 #gde4 ,be+ 9 l9e at a halt3 #a4 ,op5ranks1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>* ! front rank executes "r dress2 ! re> rank & ! file clos]s m>* backw>d #d /eps1 halt1 & execute "r dress2 ! lieut5ants pass ar\nd _! respective flanks & take po/1 fac+ to ! front1 #c paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( _! respective platoons4 ,! capta9 aligns ! front rank1 re> rank1 & file clos]s1 takes po/ #h paces 9 front ( ! "r guide1 fac+ to ! left1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,,front1 #b4 ,,prep>e ,,= ,,inspection4 ,at ! second comm& ! lieut5ants c>ry sab]2 ! capta9 returns sab] & inspects !m1 aft] :i* !y face ab\t1 ord] sab]1 & /& at ease2 ^u ! completion ( ! inspection !y c>ry sab]1 face ab\t1 & ord] sab]4 ,! capta9 may direct ! lieut5ants to accompany or assi/ him1 9 :i* case !y return sab] &1 at ! close ( ! inspection1 resume _! po/s 9 front ( ! company1 draw & c>ry sab]4 ,hav+ inspect$ ! lieut5ants1 ! capta9 proce$s to ! "r ( ! company4 ,ea* man1 z ! capta9 approa*es him1 executes ,,inspection ,,arms4 ,! capta9 takes ! piece1 grasp+ x ) 8 "r h& j above ! re> sight1 ! man dropp+ 8 h&s4 ,! capta9 inspects ! piece1 &1 ) ! h& & piece 9 ! same position z 9 receiv+ x1 h&s x back to ! man1 :o takes x ) ! left h& at ! balance & executes ,,ord] ,,arms4 ,z ! capta9 returns ! piece ! next man executes ,,inspection ,,arms1 & s on ?r\gh ! company4 ,%\ld ! piece be inspect$ )\t h&l+1 ea* man executes ,,ord] ,,arms z soon z ! capta9 passes to ! next1 man4 ,! inspection is f "r to left 9 front1 & f left to "r 9 re>1 ( ea* rank & ( ! l9e ( file clos]s4 ,:5 approa*$ by ! capta9 ! fir/ s]geant executes ,,inspection ,,sab]4 ,enli/$ m5 arm$ ) ! pi/ol execute ,,inspection ,,pi/ol by draw+ ! pi/ol f ! hol/] & hold+ x diagonally across ! body1 b>rel up1 & #f in*es 9 front ( ! neck1 muzzle po9t+ up & to ! left4 ,! pi/ol is return$ to ! hol/] z soon z ! capta9 passes4 ,^u completion ( ! inspection ! capta9 takes po/ fac+ to ! left 9 front ( ! "r guide & on l9e ) ! lieut5ants & comm&s3 #a4 ,closeranks1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>* ! lieut5ants resume _! po/s 9 l9e2 ! re> rank closes to #dj in*es1 ea* man cov]+ 8 file lead]2 ! file clos]s close to #b paces f ! re> rank4 #gdf4 ,if ! company is dismiss$4 rifles are put away4 ,9 qu>t]s1 headdress & acc\t]m5ts are remov$ & ! m5 /& ne> _! respective bunks2 9 camp !y /& cov]$1 b )\t acc\rt]m5ts1 9 front ( _! t5ts4 ,if ! p]sonal field equipm5t has n be5 inspect$ 9 ranks & its inspection 9 qu>t]s or camp is ord]$1 ea* man w arrange ! prescrib$ articles on 8 bunk1 if 9 qu>t]s or p]man5t camp1 or 9 front ( 8 half ( ! t5t1 if 9 %elt] t5t camp1 9 ! same relative ord] z direct$ 9 p>agraph #gdg4 ,! capta91 accompani$ by ! lieut5ants1 !n inspects ! qu>t]s or camp4 ,! fir/ s]geant prec$es ! capta9 & calls ! m5 to att5tion on ent]+ ea* squad room or on approa*+ ! t5ts2 ! m5 /& at att5tion b d n salute4 7,c4,i4,d4,r41,no4#af1;,aug4#be1aiaf47 #gdg4 7,edition approv$ ,aug4 #aj1 #aiaa1 & edition correct$ to ,novemb]1 #aiac47 ,if ! inspection is to include an exam9ation ( ! equipm5t :ile 9 ranks1 ! capta91 aft] clos+ ranks1 causes ! company to /ack arms1 to m>* backw>d until #d paces 9 re> ( ! /acks & to take int]vals4 ,he !n comm&s3 #a4 ,,unsl+ ,,equipm5t1 #b4 ,,op5 ,,packs4 ,at ! fir/ comm&1 ea* man unsl+s 8 equipm5t & places x on ! gr\nd at 8 feet1 hav]sack to ! front end ( ! pack #a foot 9 front ( toes4 ,at ! second comm&1 pack c>ri]s are un/rapp$1 packs remov$ & unroll$1 ! long] edge ( ! pack along ! l[] edge ( ! c>tridge belt4 ,ea* man exposes %elt] t5t p9s1 removes meat c1 knife1 =k1 & spoon f ! meat-c p\*1 & places !m on ! "r ( ! hav]sack1 knife1 =k1 & spoon 9 ! op5 meat c2 removes ! cante5 & cup f ! cov] & places !m on ! left side ( ! hav]sack2 un/raps & spreads out hav]sack s z to expose its cont5ts2 folds up ! c>ri] to uncov] ! c>tridge pockets2 op5s same2 unrolls toilet articles & places !m on ! out] flap ( ! hav]sack2 places und]we> c>ri$ 9 pack on ! left half ( ! op5 pack1 ) r\nd fold p>allel ) front edge ( pack2 op5s fir/-aid p\* & exposes cont5ts to view4 ,special articles c>ri$ by individual m51 su* z flag kit1 field glasses1 compass1 /eel tape1 notebook1 etc41 w be arrang$ on ! "r half ( ! op5 pack4 ,ea* man !n resumes ! att5tion4 ,plate ,,vi %[s ! relative position ( all articles except und]we> & special articles4 ,! capta9 !n passes along ! ranks & file clos]s z be1 =e1 inspects ! equipm5t1 returns to ! "r1 & comm&s3 ,,close ,,packs4 ,ea* man rolls up 8 toilet articles & und]we>1 /raps up 8 hav]sack & its cont5ts1 replaces ! meat c1 knife1 =k1 & spoon1 & ! cante5 & cup3 closes c>tridge pockets & fir/-aid p\*2 re/ores special articles to _! prop] receptacles2 rolls up & replaces pack 9 curri]2 &1 leav+ ! equipm5t 9 its position on ! gr\nd1 resumes ! att5tion4 ,all equipm5ts be+ pack$1 ! capta9 comm&s3 ,,sl+ ,,equipm5t4 ,! equipm5ts are slung & belts fa/5$4 ,! capta9 !n causes ! company to assemble & take arms4 ,! inspection is complet$ z already expla9$4 #gdh4 ,%\ld ! inspector be o!r ?an ! capta91 ! latt]1 aft] comm&+ ,,front1 adds ,,re/1 & faces to ! front4 ,:5 ! inspector approa*es1 ! capta9 faces to ! left1 br+s ! company to att5tion1 faces to ! front1 & salutes4 ,! salute ackn[l$g$1 ! capta9 c>ries sab]1 faces to ! left1 comm&s3 ,,prep>e ,,= ,,inspection1 & aga9 faces to ! front4 ,! inspection proce$s z be=e2 ! capta9 returns sab] & accompanies ! inspector z soon z ! latt] passes him4 ,illu/ration3 fig #c4 ,,section #h4 ,,manual ,,( ,,t5t ,,pit*+4 ,,%elt] ,,t5ts4 ,= ,infantry ,equipm5t1 model ( #aiaj4f ,footnote #f3 ,= me?od ( pit*+ %elt] t5ts1 ) old model ,infantry equipm5t or old model %elt] t5t1 see p>agraph #gib1 9 ',me?od ( ,fold+ ,pyramidal ,t5t'4 #gib4 ,be+ 9 l9e or 9 column ( platoons1 ! capta9 comm&s3 ,,=m ,,= ,,%elt] ,,t5ts4 ,! (fic]s1 fir/ s]geant1 & guides fall\t2 ! cooks =m a file on ! flank ( ! company ne>e/ ! kit*51 ! fir/ s]geant & "r guide fall 91 =m+ ! "r file ( ! company2 blank files are fill$ by ! file clos]s or by m5 tak5 f ! front rank2 ! rema9+ guide1 or guides1 & file clos]s =m on a conv5i5t flank4 ,be=e =m+ column ( platoons1 prep>atory to pit*+ t5ts1 ! company may be r$ivid$ into two or m platoons1 reg>dless ( ! size ( ea*4 #gic4 ,! capta9 !n causes ! company to take int]vals z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad & comm&s3 ,,pit* ,,t5ts4 ,at ! comm& ,,pit* ,,t5ts1 ea* man /eps (f obliquely to ! "r ) ! "r foot & lays 8 rifle on ! gr\nd1 ! butt ( ! rifle ne> ! toe ( ! "r foot1 muzzle to ! front1 b>rel to ! left1 & /eps back into 8 place2 ea* front rank man !n draws 8 bayonet & /icks x 9 ! gr\nd by ! outside ( ! "r heel4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vi4 ,equipm5ts are unslung1 packs op5$1 %elt] half & p9s remov$3 ea* man !n spreads 8 %elt] half1 small triangle to ! re>1 flat ^u ! gr\nd ! t5t is to occupy1 ! re> rank man's half on ! "r4 ,! halves are !n button$ toge!r2 ! guy loops at bo? ends ( ! l[] half are pass$ ?r\gh ! buttonholes provid$ 9 ! l[] & upp] halves2 ! :ipp$ end ( ! guy rope is !n pass$ ?r\gh bo? guy loops & secur$1 ?is at bo? ends ( ! t5t4 ,ea* front rank man ins]ts ! muzzle ( 8 rifle "u ! front end ( ! ridge & holds ! rifle upright1 sl+ to ! front1 heel ( butt on ! gr\nd beside ! bayonet4 ,8 re> rank man p9s d[n ! front corn]s ( ! t5t on ! l9e ( bayonets1 /ret*+ ! t5t taut2 he !n ins]ts a p9 9 ! eye ( ! front guy rope & drives ! p9 at su* a di/ance 9 front ( ! rifle z to hold ! rope taut2 bo? m5 g to ! re> ( ! t5t1 ea* p9s d[n a corn]1 /ret*+ ! sides & re> ( ! t5t be=e secur+2 ! re> rank man !n ins]ts an intr5*+ tool1 or a bayonet 9 its scabb>d1 "u ! re> end ( ! ridge inside ! t5t1 ! front rank man pegg+ d[n ! end ( ! re> guy ropes2 ! re/ ( ! p9s are !n driv5 by bo? m51 ! re> rank man work+ on ! "r4 ,,note4--,! use ( ! h& ax & ! pick mattock 9 organizations equipp$ ) ! intr5*+ tool is au?oriz$ = ! purpose ( driv+ %elt] t5t p9s4 ,! use ( ! bayonet = ?is purpose is prohibit$4 ,! front flaps ( ! t5t are n fa/5$ d[n1 b ?r[n back on ! t5t4 ,z soon z ! t5t is pit*$ ea* man arranges 8 equipm5t & ! cont5ts ( 8 pack 9 ! t5t & /&s at att5tion 9 front ( 8 own half on l9e ) ! front guy-rope p94 ,to h a uni=m slope :5 ! t5ts are pit*$1 ! guy ropes %\ld all be ( ! same l5g?4 ,9 %elt]-t5t camps1 9 localities :]e suitable mat]ial is procurable1 t5t poles may be improvis$ & us$ 9 lieu ( ! rifle & bayonet or intr5*+ tool z supports = ! %elt] t5t4 #gid4 ,:5 ! pack is n c>ri$ ! company is =m$ = %elt] t5ts1 int]vals are tak51 arms are laid aside or on ! gr\nd1 ! m5 are dismiss$ & proce$ to ! wagon1 secure _! packs1 return to _! places1 & pit* t5ts z h]et(ore describ$4 #gie4 ,d\ble %elt] t5ts may be pit*$ by fir/ pit*+ "o t5t z h]et(ore describ$1 !n pit*+ a second t5t aga9/ ! op5+ ( ! fir/1 us+ "o rifle to support bo? t5ts1 & pass+ ! front guy ropes ov] & d[n ! sides ( ! opposite t5ts4 ,! front corn] ( "o t5t is n pegg$ d[n1 b is ?r[n back to p]mit an op5+ into ! t5t4 ,,s+le ,,sleep+ ,,bag4 #gif4 ,spread ! pon*o on ! gr\nd1 button$ end at ! feet1 button$ side to ! left2 fold ! blanket once across its %ort dim5sion & lay x on ! pon*o1 fold$ side along ! "r side ( ! pon*o2 tie ! blanket toge!r along ! left side by means ( ! tapes provid$2 fold ! left half ( ! pon*o ov] ! blanket & button x toge!r along ! side & bottom4 ,,d\ble ,,sleep+ ,,bag4 #gig4 ,spread "o pon*o on-! gr\nd1 button$ end at ! feet1 button$ side to ! left2 spread ! blankets on top ( ! pon*o2 tie ! edges ( ! blankets toge!r ) ! tapes provid$2 spread a second pon*o on top ( ! blankets1 button$ end at ! feet1 button$ side to ! "r2 button ! two pon*os toge!r along bo? sides & across ! end4 ,,to ,,/rike ,,%elt] ,,t5ts4 #gih4 ,! m5 /&+ 9 front ( _! t5ts3 ,,/rike ,,t5ts4 ,equipm5ts & rifles are remov$ f ! t5t2 ! t5ts are l[]$1 packs made up1 & equipm5ts slung1 & ! m5 /& at att5tion 9 ! places orig9ally occupi$ aft] tak+ int]vals4 ,,to ,,pit* ,,all ,,types ,,( ,,army ,,t5ts1 ,,except ,,%elt] ,,& ,,conical ,,wall ,,t5ts4 #gii4 ,to pit* all types ( ,army t5ts1 except %elt] & conical wall t5ts3 ,m>k l9e ( t5ts by driv+ a wall p9 on ! spot to be occupi$ by ! "r 7or left7 corn] ( ea* t5t4 ,= pyramidal t5ts ! int]val betwe5 adjac5t p9s %\ld be ab\t #cj feet1 :i* w give a passage ( #b feet betwe5 t5ts4 ,spread tripod on ! gr\nd :]e ! c5t] ( t5t is to be1 if tripod is us$4 ,spread ! t5t on ! gr\nd to be occupi$1 door to ! front1 & place ! "r 7or left7 front wall loop ov] ! p94 ,! door 7or doors1 if m ?an "o7 be+ fa/5$ & held toge!r at ! bottom1 ! left 7or "r7 corn] wall loop is c>ri$ to ! left 7or "r7 z f> z x w g & a wall p9 driv5 ?r\gh x1 ! p9 be+ plac$ 9 l9e ) ! "r 7or left7 corn] p9s already driv54 ,at ! same "t ! re> corn] wall loops are pull$ to ! re> & outw>d s t ! re> wall ( ! t5t is /ret*$ to complete ! rectangle4 ,wall p9s are !n driv5 ?r\gh ^! loops4 ,ea* corn] p9 %\ld be directly 9 re> ( ! correspond+ front corn] p91 mak+ a rectangle4 ,unless ! canvas be wet1 a small am\nt ( slack %\ld be all[$ be=e ! corn] p9s are driv54 ,accord+ to ! size ( ! t5t1 "o or two m51 crawl+ "u ! t5t if necess>y1 fit ea* pole or ridge or upright into ! r+ or ridge-pole holes1 & su* accessories z hood1 fly1 & brace ropes are adju/$4 ,if a tripod be us$ an additional man w g "u ! t5t to adju/ x4 ,! t5t1 /eadi$ by ! rema9+ m51 "o at ea* corn] guy rope1 w !n be rais$4 ,if ! t5t is a w>d or /orage type1 corn] poles w n[ be plac$ at ! f\r corn]s4 ,! f\r corn] guy ropes are !n plac$ ov] ! l[] not*es ( ! l>ge p9s driv5 9 prolongation ( ! diagonals at su* di/ance z to hold ! walls & end ( ! t5t v]tical & smoo? :5 ! guy ropes are drawn taut4 ,a wall p9 is !n driv5 ?r\gh ea* rema9+ wall loop & a l>ge p9 = ea* guy rope is driv5 9 l9e ) ! corn] guy p9s already driv54 ,! guy ropes ( ! t5t are plac$ ov] ! l[] not*es1 :ile ! guy ropes ( ! fly are plac$ ov] ! upp] not*es1 & are !n drawn taut4 ,brace ropes :5 us$1 are !n secur$ to /akes or p9s suitably plac$4 #hjj4 ,resc9d$4 ,,conical ,,wall ,,t5t4 #hja4 ,drive ! door p9 & c5t] p9 #h feet #c in*es ap>t4 ,us+ ! hood l9es1 ) c5t] p9 z c5t]1 describe two conc5tric circles ) radii #h feet #c in*es & #aa feet #c in*es4 ,9 ! out] circle drive two door guy p9s #c feet ap>t4 ,at int]vals ( ab\t #c feet drive ! o!r guy p9s4 ,9 o!r respects conical t5ts are erect$ practically z 9 ! case ( pyramidal t5ts4 ,,to ,,/rike ,,common1 ,,wall1 ,,pyramidal1 ,,& ,,conical ,,wall ,,t5ts4 #hjb4 ,,/rike ,,t5ts4 ,! m5 fir/ remove all p9s except ^? ( ! f\r corn] guy ropes1 or ! f\r quadrant guy ropes 9 ! case ( ! conical wall t5t4 ,! p9s are neatly pil$ or plac$ 9 _! receptacle4 ,"o man holds ea* guy1 & :5 ! gr\nd is cle> ! t5t is l[]$1 fold$1 or roll$ & ti$1 ! poles or tripod & pole fa/5$ toge!r1 & ! rema9+ p9s collect$4 ,,to ,,fold ,,t5ts4 #hjc4 ,= fold+ common1 wall1 hospital1 & /orage t5ts3 ,spread ! t5t flat on ! gr\nd1 fold$ at ! ridge s t bottoms ( side walls are ev51 ends ( t5t =m+ triangles to ! "r & left2 fold ! triangul> ends ( ! t5t 9 t[>d ! middle1 mak+ x rectangul> 9 %ape2 fold ! top ov] ab\t #i in*es2 fold ! t5t 9 two by c>ry+ ! top fold ov] cle> to ! foot2 fold aga9 9 two f ! top to ! foot2 ?r[ all guys on t5t except ! second f ea* end2 fold ! ends 9 s z to cov] ab\t two-?irds ( ! second clo?s2 fold ! left end ov] to meet ! turn$-9 edge ( ! "r end1 !n fold ! "r end ov] ! top1 complet+ ! bundle2 tie ) ! two expos$ guys4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,fold+ ,,pyramidal ,,t5t4 ,! t5t is ?r[n t[>d ! re> & ! back wall & ro( canvas pull$ out smoo?4 ,?is may be mo/ easily accompli%$ by leav+ ! re>-corn] wall p9s 9 ! gr\nd ) ! wall loops atta*$1 "o man at ea* re>-corn] guy1 & "o hold+ ! squ>e iron 9 a p]p5dicul> position & pull+ ! canvas to its limit away f ! =m] front ( ! t5t4 ,?is leaves ! ?ree rema9+ sides ( ! t5t on top ( ! re> side1 ) ! door side 9 ! middle4 ,n[ c>ry ! "r-front corn] ov] & lay x on ! left-re> corn]4 ,pull all canvas smoo?1 ?r[ guys t[>d squ>e iron1 & pull bottom edges ev54 ,!n take ! "r-front corn] & return to ! "r1 cov]+ ! "r-re> corn]4 ,?is folds ! "r side ( ! t5t on itself1 ) ! crease 9 ! middle & "u ! front side ( t5t4 ,next c>ry ! left-front corn] to ! "r & back z describ$ above2 ?is :5 complet$ w leave ! front & re> sides ( ! t5t ly+ smoo? & fiat & ! two side walls fold$ inw>d1 ea* on itself4 ,place ! hood 9 ! squ>e iron :i* has be5 fold$ d[nw>d t[>d ! bottom ( ! t5t1 & cont9ue to fold ar\nd ! squ>e iron z a core1 press+ all folds d[n flat & smoo? & p>allel ) ! bottom ( ! t5t4 ,if ea* fold is compactly made & ! canvas kept smoo?1 ! la/ fold w exactly cov] ! l[] edge ( ! canvas4 ,lay all expos$ guys along ! fold$ canvas except ! two on ! c5t] wid?1 :i* %\ld be pull$ out & away f bottom edge to _! extreme l5g? = ty+4 ,n[1 beg9n+ at "o end1 fold t[>d ! c5t] on ! fir/ seam 7t jo9+ ! fir/ & second wid?s7 & fold aga9 t[>d ! c5t]1 s t ! already fold$ canvas w come to )9 ab\t #c in*es ( ! middle wid?4 ,!n fold ov] to ! opposite edge ( middle wid? ( canvas4 ,!n beg9 fold+ f opposite end1 fold+ ! fir/ wid? 9 half1 !n mak+ a second fold to come )9 ab\t #d or #e in*es ( t already fold$2 turn ?is fold entirely ov] t already fold$4 ,take ! expos$ guys & draw !m taut across ea* o!r1 turn bundle ov] on ! "u guy1 cross guys on top ( bundle1 draw+ tight4 ,turn bundle ov] on ! cross$ guys & tie l5g?wise4 ,:5 prop]ly ti$ & press$ toge!r ?is w make a package #aa by #bc by #cd in*es1 requir+ ab\t #h1hee cubic in*es to /ore or pack4 ,/5cil ! organization designation on ! l[] half ( ! middle wid? ( canvas 9 ! back wall4 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,,(fice ,,( ,,! ,,*ief ,,( ,,/aff1 ,wa%+ton1,decemb]#b1aiaa4 ,p>agraphs #gdg1 #gib1 #gic1 #gid1 #gie1 #gif1 #gig1 & #gih4 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 #aiaa1 apply only to troops equipp$ ) ! ,infantry ,equipm5t1 model #aiaj4 ,= troops equipp$ "u ,g5]al ,ord]s1 ,no4 #bc1 ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 #aijf1 & ord]s am5datory !re(1 ! alt]native p>agraphs publi%$ h]e) w gov]n4 ,by ord] ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>3 ,,leon>d ,,wood1 ,major,g5]al1,*ief(,/aff4 #gdg4 ,if ! inspection is to include an exam9ation ( ! blanket rolls ! capta91 be=e dismiss+ ! company & aft] inspect+ ! file clos]s1 directs ! lieut5ants to rema9 9 place1 closes ranks1 /acks arms1 dresses ! company back to f\r paces f ! /acks1 takes int]vals1 & ,comm&s3 #a4 ,unsl+1 #b4 ,,packs1 #c4 ,op51 #d4 ,,packs4 ,at ! second comm& ea* man unsl+s 8 roll & places x on ! gr\nd at 8 feet1 r\nd$ end to ! front1 squ>e end ( %elt] half to ! "r4 ,at ! f\r? comm& ! rolls are unti$1 laid p]p5dicul> to ! front1 ) ! triangul> end ( ! %elt] half to ! front1 op5$1 & unroll$ to ! left2 ea* man prep>es ! cont5ts ( 8 roll = inspection & resumes ! att5tion4 ,! capta9 !n returns sab]1 passes along ! ranks & file clos]s z be=e1 inspects ! rolls1 returns to ! "r1 draws sab] & comm&s3 #a4 ,close1 #b4 ,,packs4 ,at ! second comm& ea* man1 ) 8 %elt] half smoo?ly spread on ! gr\nd ) buttons up & triangul> end to ! front1 folds 8 blanket once across its l5g? & places x ^u ! %elt] half1 fold t[>d ! bottom1 edge "o-half in* f ! squ>e end1 ! same am\nt ( canvas uncov]$ at ! top & bottom4 ,he !n places ! p>ts ( ! pole at ! side ( ! blanket next ! squ>e end ( %elt] half1 ne> & p>allel to ! fold1 end ( pole ab\t #f in*es f ! edge ( ! blanket2 ne/s ! p9s simil>ly ne> ! opposite edge ( ! blanket f9d di/ributes ! o!r articles c>ri$ 9 ! roll2 folds ! triangul> end & !n ! expos$ portion ( ! bottom ( ! %elt] half ov] ! blanket4 ,! two m5 9 ea* file roll & fa/5 fir/ ! roll ( ! front & !n ( ! re> rank man4 ,! file clos]s "w simil>ly two & two1 or ) ! front rank man ( a blank file4 ,ea* pair /&s on ! fold$ side1 rolls ! blanket roll closely & buckles ! /raps1 pass+ ! end ( ! /rap ?r\gh bo? keep] & buckle1 back ov] ! buckle & "u ! keep]4 ,) ! roll s ly+ on ! gr\nd t ! edge ( ! %elt] half c j be se5 :5 look+ v]tically d[nw>d "o end is b5t upw>d & ov] to meet ! o!r1 a clove hit* is tak5 ) ! guy rope fir/ ar\nd ! end to :i* x is atta*$ & !n ar\nd ! o!r end1 adju/+ ! l5g? ( rope betwe5 hit*es to suit ! we>]4 ,z soon z a file completes its two rolls ea* man places 8 roll 9 ! position x 0 9 aft] be+ unslung f9d /&s at att5tion4 ,all ! rolls be+ complet$1 ! capta9 comm&s3 #a4 ,sl+1 #b4 ,,packs4 ,at ! second comm& ! rolls ure slung1 ! end conta9+ ! pole to ! re>4 ,! company is assembl$1 takes arms1 & ! capta9 completes ! inspection z be=e4 #gib4 ,be+ 9 l9e or 9 column ( platoons1 ! capta9 comm&s3 ,,=m ,,= ,,%elt] ,,t5ts4 ,! (fic]s1 fir/ s]geant1 & guides fall out2 ! cooks =m a file on ! flank ( ! company ne>e/ ! kit*51 ! fir/ s]geant & "r guide fall 91 =m+ ! "r file ( ! company2 blank files are fill$ by ! file clos]s or by m5 tak5 f ! front rank2 ! rema9+ guide or guides1 & file clos]s =m on a conv5i5t flank4 ,be=e =m+ column ( platoons1 prep>atory to pit*+ t5ts1 ! company may be r$ivid$ into two or m platoons1 reg>dless ( ! size ( ea*4 #gic4 ,! capta9 !n causes ! company to take int]vals z describ$ 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,squad1 & comm&s3 ,,pit* ,,t5ts4 ,at ! comm& ,,pit* ,,t5ts1 ea* man /eps (f obliquely to ! "r ) ! "r foot & lays 8 rifle on ! gr\nd1 ! butt ( ! rifle ne> ! toe ( ! "r foot1 muzzle to ! front1 b>rel to ! left1 & /eps back into 8 place2 ea* front rank man !n draws 8 bayonet & /icks x 9 ! gr\nd by ! outside ( ! "r heel4 ,all unsl+ & op5 ! blanket rolls & take out ! %elt] half1 poles1 & p9s4 ,ea* !n spreads 8 %elt] half1 triangle to ! re>1 flat ^u ! gr\nd ! t5t is to occupy1 re> rank man's half on ! "r4 ,! halves are !n button$ toge!r4 ,ea* front rank man jo9s 8 pole1 ins]ts ! top 9 ! eyes ( ! halves1 & holds ! pole upright beside ! bayonet plac$ 9 ! gr\nd2 8 re> rank man1 us+ ! p9s 9 front1 p9s d[n ! front corn]s ( ! t5t on ! l9e ( bayonets1 /ret*+ ! canvas taut2 he !n ins]ts a p9 9 ! eye ( ! rope & drives ! p9 at su* di/ance 9 front ( ! pole z to hold ! rope taut4 ,bo? !n g to ! re> ( ! t5t2 ! re> rank man adju/s ! pole & ! front rank man drives ! p9s4 ,! re/ ( ! p9s are !n driv5 by bo? m51 ! re>-rank man work+ on ! "r4 ,,note4--,! use ( ! h& ax & ! pick mattock 9 organizations equipp$ ) ! intr5*+ tool is au?oriz$ = ! purpose ( driv+ %elt] t5t p9s4 ,! use ( ! bayonet = t purpose is prohibit$4 ,z soon z ! t5t is pat*$ ea* man arranges ! cont5ts ( ! blanket roll 9 ! t5t & /&s at att5tion 9 front ( 8 own half on l9e ) ! front guy-rope p94 ,! guy ropes1 to h a uni=m slope :5 ! %elt] t5ts are pit*$1 %\ld all be ( ! same l5g?4 #gid4 ,:5 ! blanket roll is n c>ri$1 int]vals are tak5 z describ$ above2 ! position ( ! front pole is m>k$ ) a bayonet & equipm5ts are laid aside4 ,! m5 !n proce$ to ! wagon1 secure _! rolls1 return to _! places1 & pit* t5ts z h]et(ore describ$4 #gie4 ,to pit* d\ble %elt] t5t1 ! capta9 gives ! same comm&s z be=e1 except ,,take ,,half ,,int]val is giv5 in/ead ( ,,take ,,int]val4 ,9 tak+ int]val ea* man foll[s ! prec$+ man at #b paces4 ,! capta9 !n comm&s3 ,,pit* ,,d\ble ,,t5ts4 ,! fir/ s]geant places himself on ! "r ( ! "r guide & ) him pit*es a s+le %elt] t5t4 ,only ! odd numb]s ( ! front rank m>k ! l9e ) ! bayonet4 ,! t5t is =m$ by button+ toge!r ! squ>e ends ( two s+le t5ts4 ,two complete t5ts1 except "o pole1 are us$4 ,two guy ropes are us$ at ea* end1 ! guy p9s be+ plac$ 9 front ( ! corn] p9s4 ,! t5ts are pit*$ by numb]s #a & #b1 front & re> rank2 & by numb]s #c & #d1 front & re> rank2 ! m5 fall+ 9 on ! left are numb]$1 c\nt+ (f if necess>y4 ,all ! m5 spread _! %elt] halves on ! gr\nd ! t5t is to occupy4 ,^? ( ! front rank are plac$ ) ! triangul> ends to ! front4 ,all f\r halves are !n button$ toge!r1 fir/ ! ridges & !n ! squ>e ends4 ,! front corn]s ( ! t5t are p9n$ by ! front rank m51 ! odd numb] hold+ ! poles1 ! ev5 numb] driv+ ! p9s4 ,! re> rank m5 simil>ly p9 ! re> corn]s4 ,:ile ! odd numb]s /eady ! poles1 ea* ev5 numb] ( ! front rank takes 8 pole & ent]s ! t5t1 :]e1 assi/$ by ! ev5 numb] ( ! re> rank1 he adju/s ! pole to ! c5t] eyes ( ! %elt] halves 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 7#a7 ,! l[] half ( ! front t5t2 7#b7 ! l[] half ( ! re> t5t2 7#c7 ! upp] half ( ! front t5t2 7#d7 ! upp] half ( ! re> t5t4 ,! guy ropes are !n adju/$4 ,! t5ts hav+ be5 pit*$1 ! triangul> ends are turn$ back1 cont5ts ( ! rolls arrang$1 & ! m5 /& at att5tion1 ea* opposite 8 own %elt] half & fac+ out f ! t5t4 #gif4 ,omitt$4 #gig4 ,omitt$4 #gih4 ,omitt$4 ,,section #i4 ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,bayonet4 #a4 ,! ,infantry soldi] relies ma9ly on fire action to disable ! enemy1 b he %\ld "k t p]sonal combat is (t5 necess>y to obta9 success4 ,!re=e1 he mu/ be in/ruct$ 9 ! use ( ! rifle & bayonet 9 h&-to-h& enc\nt]s4 #b4 ,! object ( ?is in/ruction is to tea* ! soldi] h[ to make effect use ( ! rifle & bayonet 9 p]sonal combat3 to make him quick & pr(ici5t 9 h&l+ 8 rifle2 to give him an accurate eye & a /eady h&2 & to give him confid5ce 9 ! bayonet 9 (f5se & def5se4 ,:5 skill 9 ^! ex]cises has be5 acquir$1 ! rifle w /ill rema9 a mo/ =midable weapon at close qu>t]s %\ld ! bayonet be lo/ or disabl$1 #c4 ,effici5cy ( organizations 9 bayonet fight+ w be judg$ by ! skill %[n by individuals 9 p]sonal combat4 ,= ?is purpose pairs or gr\ps ( oppon5ts1 select$ at r&om f among recruits & tra9$ soldi]s1 %\ld engage 9 assaults1 us+ ! f5c+ equipm5t provid$ = ! purpose4 #d4 ,(fic]s & specially select$ & ?or\ghly in/ruct$ noncommission$ (fic]s w act u in/ructors4 #e4 ,in/ruction 9 bayonet combat %\ld beg9 z soon z ! soldi] is famili> ) ! h&l+ ( 8 rifle & w progress1 z f> z practicable1 9 ! ord] foll[$ 9 ! text4 #f4 ,in/ruction is ord9>ily giv5 on ev5 gr\nd2 b practice %\ld also be _h on unev5 gr\nd1 especially 9 ! attack & def5se ( intr5*m5ts4 #g4 ,^! ex]cises w n be us$ z a cali/h5ic drill4 #h4 ,! pr9ciples ( ! comm&s are ! same z ^? giv5 9 p>agraph #i1 #ae1 & #ch1 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations4 ,int]vals & di/ances w be tak5 z 9 p>agraphs #aji & #aaa1 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 except t1 9 =mations = bayonet ex]cises1 ! m5 %\ld be at lea/ f\r paces ap>t 9 e direction4 #i4 ,be=e requir+ soldi]s to take a position or execute a movem5t = ! fir/ "t1 ! in/ructor executes ! same = ! purpose ( illu/ration1 aft] :i* he requires ! soldi]s to execute ! movem5t individually4 ,movem5ts prescrib$ 9 ?is manual w n be execut$ 9 cad5ce z ! attempt to d s results 9 incomplete execution & lack ( vigor4 ,ea* movem5t w be execut$ correctly z quickly z possible by e man4 ,z soon z ! movem5ts are execut$ accurately1 ! comm&s are giv5 rapidly1 z exp]tness ) ! bayonet dep5ds *iefly ^u quickness ( motion4 #aj4 ,! ex]cises w he int]rupt$ at fir/ by %ort & frequ5t re/s4 ,! re/s w be less frequ5t z pr(ici5cy is atta9$4 ,fatigue & exhau/ion w be specially gu>d$ aga9/1 z !y prev5t prop] int]e/ be+ tak5 9 ! ex]cises & delay ! progress ( ! in/ruction4 ,re/s w be giv5 f ! position ( ord] arms 9 ! mann] prescrib$ 9 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations4 ,,! ,,bayonet4 ,,nom5clature ,,& ,,description4 #aa4 ,! bayonet is a cutt+ & ?ru/+ weapon consi/+ ( ?ree pr9cipal p>ts1 viz1 ! blade1gu>d1 & grip4 #ab4 ,! blade has ! foll[+ p>ts3 ,edge1 false edge1 back1 grooves1 po9t1 & tang4 ,! l5g? ( ! blade f gu>d to po9t is #af in*es1 ! edge #ad4e in*es1 & ! false edge #e4f in*es4 ,l5g? ( ! rifle1 bayonet fix$1 is #ei4d in*es4 ,! weight ( ! bayonet is #a p\nd2 weight ( rifle )\t bayonet is #h4fi p\nds4 ,! c5t] ( gravity ( ! rifle1 ) bayonet fix$1 is j 9 front ( ! re> sight4 ,,note4--,! use ( ! h& ax & ! pick mattock 9 organizations equipp$ ) ! intr5*+ tool is au?oriz$ = ! purpose ( driv+ %elt]-t5t p9s4 ,! use ( ! bayonet = t purpose is prohibit$4 ,i4 ,,in/rution ,,)\t ,,! ,,rifle4 #ac4 ,! in/ructor expla9s ! importance ( good footwork & impresses on ! m5 ! fact t quickness ( foot & suppl5ess ( body are z important = attack & def5se z is ! ability to p>ry & deliv] a /rong po9t or cut4 #ad4 ,all foot movem5ts %\ld be made f ! position ( gu>d4 ,z f> z practicable1 !y w be made on ! balls ( ! feet to insure quickness & agility4 ,no h>d & fa/ rule c be laid d[n z to ! l5g? ( ! v>i\s foot movem5ts2 ?is dep5ds entirely on ! situations occurr+ 9 combat4 #ae4 ,! m5 hav+ tak5 int]vals or di/ances1 ! in/ructor comm&s3 #a4 ,bayonetex]cise1 #b4 ,,gu>d4 ,at ! comm& ,,gu>d1 half face to ! "r1 c>ry back & place ! "r foot ab\t once & a half its l5g? to ! re> & ab\t #c in*es to ! "r1 ! feet =m+ ) ea* o!r an angle ( ab\t #fj deg41 weight ( ! body balanc$ equally on ! balls ( ! feet1 knees slightly b5t1 palms ( h&s on hips1 f+]s to ! front1 ?umbs to ! re>1 head erect1 head & eyes /raight to ! front4 #af4 ,to resume ! att5tion4 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,att5tion1 ,! m5 take ! position ( ! soldi] & fix _! att5tion4 #ag4 ,,advance4 ,advance ! left foot quickly ab\t once its l5g?1 foll[ imm$iately ) ! "r foot ! same di/ance4 #ah4 ,,retire4 ,move ! "r foot quickly to ! re> ab\t once its l5g?1 foll[ imm$iately ) ! left foot ! same di/ance4 #ai4 #a4 ,front1 #b4 ,,pass4 ,place ! "r foot quickly ab\t once its l5g? 9 front ( ! left1 advance ! left foot to its prop] position 9 front ( ! "r4 #bj4 #a4 ,re> #b4 ,,pass1 ,place ! left foot quickly ab\t once its l5g? 9 re> ( ! "r1 retire ! "r foot to its prop] position 9 re> ( ! left4 ,! passes are us$ to get quickly )9 /rik+ di/ance or to )draw quickly !refrom4 #ba4 #a4 ,"r1 #b4 ,,/ep4 ,/ep to ! "r ) ! "r foot ab\t once its l5g? & place ! left foot 9 its prop] relative position4 #bb4 #a4 ,left1 #b4 ,,/ep4 ,/ep to ! left ) ! left foot ab\t once its l5g? & place ! "r foot 9 its prop] relative position4 ,^! /eps are us$ to circle ar\nd an enemy1 to secure a m favorable l9e ( attack1 or to avoid ! oppon5t's attack4 ,bett] gr\nd or m favorable light may be ga9$ 9 ?is way4 ,9 bayonet f5c+ & 9 actual combat ! foot fir/ mov$ 9 /epp+ to ! "r or left is ! "o :i* at ! mom5t be>s ! lea/ weight4 ,,ii4 ,,in/ruction ,,) ,,! ,,rifle4 #bc4 ,! comm&s = & ! execution ( ! foot movem5ts are ! same z already giv5 = movem5ts )\t ! rifle4 #bd4 ,! m5 hav+ tak5 int]vals or di/ances1 ! in/ructor comm&s3 #a4 ,bayonetex]cise1 #b4 ,,gu>d4 ,at ! second comm& take ! position ( gu>d 7see p>4 #ae72 at ! same "t ?r[ ! rifle sm>tly to ! front1 grasp ! rifle ) ! left h& j bel[ ! l[] b&1 f+]s betwe5 ! /ock & gun sl+1 b>rel turn$ slightly to ! left1 ! "r h& grasp+ ! small ( ! /ock ab\t #f in*es 9 front ( ! "r hip1 elb[s free f ! body1 bayonet po9t at ! height ( ! *94 #be4 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,br+ ! "r foot up to ! left & ! rifle to ! position ( ord] arms1 at ! same "t resum+ ! position ( att5tion4 #bf4 ,dur+ ! prelim9>y in/ruction1 attacks & def5ses w he execut$ f gu>d until pr(ici5cy is atta9$1 aft] :i* !y may be execut$ f any position 9 :i* ! rifle is held4 ,,attacks4 #bg4 #a4 ,,?ru/4 ,?ru/ ! rifle quickly =w>d to ! full l5g? ( ! left arm1 turn+ ! b>rel to ! left1 & direct ! po9t ( ! bayonet at ! po9t to be attack$1 butt cov]+ ! "r =e-arm4 ,at ! same "t /raight5 ! "r leg vigor\sly & ?r[ ! weight ( ! body =w>d & on ! left leg1 ! ball ( ! "r foot always on ! gr\nd4 ,gu>d is resum$ imm$iately )\t comm&4 ,! =ce ( ! ?ru/ is deliv]$ pr9cipally ) ! "r arm1 ! left be+ us$ to direct ! bayonet4 ,! po9ts at :i* ! attack %\ld be direct$ are1 9 ord] ( _! importance1 /oma*1 *e/1 head1 neck1 & limbs4 #bh4 #a4 ,,lunge4 ,execut$ 9 ! same mann] z ! ?ru/1 except t ! left foot is c>ri$ =w>d ab\t twice its l5g?4 ,! left heel mu/ always be 9 re> ( ! left knee4 ,gu>d is resum$ imm$iately )\t comm&4 ,gu>d may also be resum$ by advanc+ ! "r foot if = any reason x is desir$ to hold ! gr\nd ga9$ 9 lung+4 ,9 ! latt] case ! prep>atory comm& ,,=w>d w be giv54 ,ea* me?od %\ld be practic$4 #bi4 #a4 ,butt1 #b4 ,,/rike4 ,/raight5 "r arm & "r leg vigor\sly & sw+ butt ( rifle aga9/ po9t ( attack1 pivot+ ! rifle 9 ! left h& at ab\t ! height ( ! left %\ld]1 all[+ ! bayonet to pass to ! re> on ! left side ( ! head1 ,gu>d is resum$ )\t comm&4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #bd4 ,! po9ts ( attack 9 _! ord] ( importance are head1 neck1 /oma*1 & crot*4 #cj4 #a4 ,cut1 #b4 ,,d[n4 ,execute a quick d[nw>d /roke1 edge ( bayonet direct$ at po9t ( attack4 ,gu>d is resum$ )\t comm&4 #ca4 #a4 ,cut1 #b4 ,,"r 7,,left74 ,) a quick ext5sion ( ! arms execute a cut to ! "r 7left71 direct+ ! edge t[>d ! po9t attack$4 ,gu>d is resum$ )\t comm&4 ,! cuts are especially useful aga9/ ! head1 neck1 & h&s ( an enemy4 ,9 execut+ left cut x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! false1 or back edge1 is only #e4f in*es long4 ,! cuts c be execut$ cont9uation ( /rokes1 ?ru/s1 lunges1 & p>ries4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #bh4 #cb4 ,to direct an attack to ! "r1 left1 or re> ! soldi] w *ange front z quickly z possible 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]1 = example3 #a4 ,to!"rre>1 #b4 ,cut1 #c4 ,,d[n2 #a4 ,to!"r1 #b4 ,,lunge2 #a4 ,to!left1 #b4 ,,?ru/1 etc4 ,:5ev] possible ! impetus ga9$ by ! turn+ movem5t ( ! body %\ld be ?r[n into ! attack4 ,9 g5]al ?is w be be/ accompli%$ by turn+ on ! ball ( ! "r foot4 ,^! movem5ts con/itute a *ange ( front 9 :i* ! position ( gu>d is resum$ at ! completion ( ! movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #bi4 #cc4 ,good judgm5t ( di/ance is ess5tial4 ,accuracy 9 ?ru/+ & lung+ is be/ atta9$ by practic+ ^! attacks aga9/ r+s or o!r conv5i5t op5+s1 ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet]1 suitably susp5d$ at desir$ heights4 #cd4 ,! ?ru/ & lunges at r+s %\ld fir/ be practic$ by endeavor+ to hit ! op5+ look$ at4 ,?is %\ld be foll[$ by direct+ ! attack aga9/ "o op5+ :ile look+ at ano!r4 #ce4 ,! soldi] %\ld also exp]i5ce ! effect ( actual resi/ance (f]$ to ! bayonet & ! butt ( ! rifle 9 attacks4 ,?is w be taught by practic+ attacks aga9/ a dummy4 #cf4 ,dummies %\ld be con/ruct$ 9 su* a mann] z to p]mit ! execution ( attacks )\t injury to ! po9t or edge ( ! bayonet or to ! b>rel or /ock ( ! rifle4 ,a suitable dummy c be made f pieces ( rope ab\t #e feet 9 l5g? plait$ closely toge!r into a cable betwe5 #f & #ab 9 diamet]4 ,old rope is pref]able4 ,bags weight$ & /uff$ ) hay1 /raw1 %av+s1 etc4 are also suitable4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #cf4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #cc4 ,,def5ses4 #cg4 ,9 ! prelim9>y drills 9 ! def5ses ! position ( gu>d is resum$1 by comm&1 aft] ea* p>ry4 ,:5 ! m5 h become pr(ici5t ! in/ructor w cause !m to resume ! position ( gu>d in/antly )\t comm& aft] ! execution ( ea* p>ry4 #ch4 #a4 ,p>ry1 #b4 ,,"r4 ,keep+ ! "r h& 9 ! gu>d position1 move ! rifle %>ply to ! "r ) ! left arm1 s t ! bayonet po9t is ab\t #f in*es to ! "r4 #ci4 #a4 ,p>ry1 #b4 ,,left4 ,move ! rifle %>ply to ! left front ) bo? h&s s z to cov] ! po9t attack$4 #dj4 #a4 ,p>ry1 #b4 ,,high4 ,raise ! rifle ) bo? h&s high en\gh to cle> ! l9e ( vision1 b>rel d[nw>d1 po9t ( ! bayonet to ! left front4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #da4 ,:5 necess>y to raise ! rifle well above ! head1 x may be support$ betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! left h&4 ,?is position w be necess>y aga9/ attacks f high] elevations1 su* z m5 m\nt$ or on top ( p>apets4 #da4 #a4 ,l[p>ry1 #b4 ,,"r 7,,left74 ,c>ry ! po9t ( ! bayonet d[n until x is at ! height ( ! knee1 mov+ ! po9t ( ! bayonet suffici5tly to ! "r 7left7 to keep ! oppon5t's attacks cle> ( ! po9t ?reat5$4 ,^! p>ries & r>ely us$1 z an attack bel[ ! wai/ leaves ! head & body expos$4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #da4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #dd4 #db4 ,p>ries mu/ n be too wide or sweep+1 b %>p1 %ort motions1 f9i%$ ) a j]k or quick cat*4 ,! h&s %\ld1 z f> z possible1 be kept 9 ! l9e ( attack4 ,p>ries aga9/ ,,butt ,,/rike are made by quickly mov+ ! gu>d s z to cov] ! po9t attack$4 #dc4 ,to provide aga9/ attack f ! "r1 left1 or re> ! soldi] w *ange front z quickly z possible 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t maim]3 = example3 #a4 ,to ! left re>1 #b4 ,p>ry1 #c4 ,,high2 #a4 ,to ! "r1 #b4 ,p>ry1 #c4 ,,"r1 etc4 ,^! movem5ts con/itute a *ange ( front 9 :i* ! position ( gu>d is resum$ at ! completion ( ! movem5t4 ,9 *ang+ front = ! purpose ( attack or def5se1 if !re is dang] ( w\nd+ a comrade1 ! rifle %\ld fir/ be br\ght to a v]tical position4 ,,iii4 ,,in/ruction ,,)\t ,,! ,,bayonet4 #dd4 #a4 ,clubrifle1 #b4 ,,sw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #dd4 ,be+ at ord] arms1 at ! prep>atory comm& quickly raise & turn ! rifle1 regrasp+ x ) bo? h&s betwe5 ! re> sight & muzzle1 b>rel d[n1 ?umbs ar\nd ! /ock & t[>d ! butt2 at ! same "t raise ! rifle above ! %\ld] f>!/ f ! oppon5t1 butt elevat$ & to ! re>1 elb[s slightly b5t & knees /raight4 ,ea* individual takes su* position ( ! feet1 %\ld]s1 & h&s z be/ accords ) 8 natural dext]ity4 ,,sw+4 ,tight5 ! grasp ( ! h&s & sw+ ! rifle to ! front & d[nw>d1 direct+ x at ! head ( ! oppon5t1 & imm$iately return to ! position ( club rifle by complet+ ! sw+ ( ! rifle d[nw>d & to ! re>4 ,repeat by ! comm&1 ,,sw+4 ,! rifle %\ld be swung ) suffici5t =ce to break ?r\gh any gu>d or p>ry t may be int]pos$4 ,be+ at ,,club ,,rifle1 ord] arms is resum$ by comm&4 ,! use ( ?is attack aga9/ dummies or 9 f5c+ is prohibit$4 #de4 ,! position ( ,,club ,,rifle may be tak5 f any position ( ! rifle prescrib$ 9 ! ,manual ( ,arms4 ,x w n be tak5 9 p]sonal combat unless ! em]g5cy is su* z to preclude ! use ( ! bayonet4 ,,iv4 ,,comb9$ ,,movem5t4 #df4 ,! purpose ( comb9$ movem5ts is to develop m vigor\s attacks & m effective def5ses ?an are obta9$ by ! s+le movem5ts2 to develop skill 9 pass+ f attack to def5se & ! rev]se4 ,e movem5t to ! front %\ld be accompani$ by an attack1 :i* is increas$ 9 effectiv5ess by ! =w>d movem5t ( ! body4 ,e movem5t to ! re> %\ld ord9>ily be accompani$ by a p>ry & %\ld always be foll[$ by an attack4 ,movem5ts to ! "r or left may be accompani$ by attacks or def5se4 #dg4 ,n m ?an ?ree movem5ts w be us$ 9 any comb9ation4 ,! in/ructor %\ld fir/ indicate ! numb] ( movem5ts t are to be comb9$ z ,,two ,,movem5ts or ,,?ree ,,movem5ts4 ,! execution is det]m9$ by "o comm& ( execution1 & ! position ( gu>d is tak5 ^u ! completion ( ! la/ movem5t only4 ,,examples4 ,front pass & ,,lunge4 ,"r /ep & ,,?ru/4 ,left /ep & l[ p>ry ,,"r4 ,re> pass1 p>ry left & ,,lunge4 ,lunge & cut ,,"r4 ,p>ry "r & p>ry ,,high4 ,butt /rike & cut ,,d[n4 ,?ru/ & p>ry ,,high4 ,p>ry high & ,,lunge4 ,advance1 ?ru/ & cut ,,"r4 ,"r /ep1 p>ry left & cut ,,d[n4 ,to ! left1 butt /rike & cut ,,d[n4 ,to ! "r re>1 cut d[n & butt ,,/rike4 #dh4 ,attacks aga9/ dummies w be practic$4 ,! approa* w be made aga9/ ! dummies bo? 9 quick "t & d\ble "t4 ,v4 ,,practical ,,bayonet ,,combat4 #di4 ,! pr9ciples ( practical bayonet combat %\ld be taught z f> z possible dur+ ! progress ( in/ruction 9 bayonet ex]cise4 #ej4 ,! soldi] mu/ be cont9ually impress$ ) ! extreme importance ( ! (f5sive due to its moral effect4 ,%\ld an attack fail1 x %\ld be foll[$ imm$iately by ano!r attack be=e ! oppon5t has an opportunity to assume ! (f5sive4 ,keep ! oppon5t on ! def5sive4 ,if1 due to circum/ances1 x is necess>y to take ! def5sive1 con/antly wat* = an opportunity to assume ! (f5sive & take imm$iate advantage ( x4 #ea4 ,obs]ve ! gr\nd ) a view to obta9+ ! be/ foot+4 ,"t = ?is w g5]ally be too limit$ to p]mit m ?an a s+le ha/y glance4 #eb4 ,9 p]sonal combat wat* ! oppon5t's eyes if !y c be pla9ly se51 & d n fix ! eyes on 8 weapon nor ^u ! po9t ( y\r attack4 ,if 8 eyes c n be pla9ly se51 z 9 night attacks1 wat* ! movem5ts ( 8 weapon & ( 8 body4 #ec4 ,keep ! body well cov]$ & deliv] attacks vigor\sly4 ,! po9t ( ! bayonet %\ld always be kept z ne>ly z possible 9 ! l9e ( attack4 ,! less ! rifle is mov$ upw>d1 d[nw>d1 to ! "r1 or to ! left1 ! bett] prep>$ ! soldi] is = attack or def5se4 #ed4 ,con/antly wat* = a *ance to attack ! oppon5t's left h&4 ,8 position ( gu>d w n diff] mat]ially f t describ$ 9 p>agraph #bd4 ,if 8 bayonet is )\t a cutt+ edge1 he w be at a great disadvantage4 #ee4 ,! butt is us$ = close & sudd5 attacks4 ,x is p>ticul>ly useful 9 riot duty4 ,f ! position ( port arms a s5try c /rike a sev]e bl[ ) ! butt ( ! rifle4 #ef4 ,aga9/ a man on foot1 arm$ ) a sword1 be c>eful t ! muzzle ( ! rifle is n grasp$4 ,all ! swordsman's en]gies w be direct$ t[>d gett+ pa/ ! bayonet4 ,attack him ) %ort1 /abb+ ?ru/s1 & keep him beyond /rik+ di/ance ( 8 weapon4 #eg4 ,! adv]s>y may attempt a great] ext5sion 9 ! ?ru/ & lunge by quitt+ ! grasp ( 8 piece ) ! left h& & advanc+ ! "r z f> z possible4 ,:5 ?is is done1 a %>p p>ry may cause him to lose control ( 8 rifle1 leav+ him expos$ to a c\nt] attack1 :i* %\ld foll[ promptly4 #eh4 ,aga9/ odds a small numb] ( m5 c fight to be/ advantage by gr\p+ !mselves s z to prev5t _! be+ attack$ f beh9d4 #ei4 ,9 fight+ a m\nt$ man arm$ ) a sab] e ef=t mu/ be made to get on 8 ne> or left side1 because "h 8 rea* is mu* %ort] & 8 p>ries mu* weak]4 ,if n possible to disable su* an enemy1 attack 8 horse & !n1 r5ew ! attack on ! horseman4 #fj4 ,9 receiv+ night attacks ! assailant's movem5ts c be be/ obs]v$ f ! kneel+ or prone position1 z 8 approa* g5]ally br+s him aga9/ ! sky l9e4 ,:5 he arrives )9 attack+ di/ance rise quickly & lunge well =w>d at ! middle ( 8 body4 ,,vi4 ,,f5c+ ,,ex]cises4 #fa4 ,f5c+ ex]cises 9 two l9es consi/ ( comb9ations ( ?ru/s1 p>ries1 & foot movem5ts execut$ at comm& or at w1 ! oppon5t reply+ ) suitable p>ries & returns4 #fb4 ,! in/ructor w inspect ! entire f5c+ equipm5t be=e ! ex]cise beg9s & fissure himself t ev]y?+ is 9 su* condition z w prev5t accid5ts4 #fc4 ,! m5 equip !mselves & =m 9 two l9es at ! ord]1 fac+ ea* o!r1 ) int]vals ( ab\t #d paces betwe5 files & a di/ance ( ab\t #b paces betwe5 l9es4 ,"o l9e is designat$ z numb] #a2 ! o!r1 numb] #b4 ,also z attack & def5se4 #fd4 ,! oppon5ts be+ at ! ord] fac+ ea* o!r1 ! in/ructor comm&s3 ,,salute4 ,ea* man1 ) eyes on 8 oppon5t1 c>ries ! left h& sm>tly to ! "r side1 palm ( ! h& d[n1 ?umb & f+]s ext5d$ & jo9$1 =e>m horizontal1 =ef+] t\*+ ! bayonet4 7,two47 ,drop ! arm sm>tly by ! side4 ,?is salute is ! f5c+ salute4 ,all f5c+ ex]cises & all f5c+ at w betwe5 individuals w beg9 & t]m9ate ) ! =mal c\rtesy ( ! f5c+ salute4 #fe4 ,aft] ! f5c+ salute has be5 r5d]$ ! in/ructor comm&s3 #a4 ,f5c+ex]cise1 #b4 ,,gu>d4 ,at ! comm& ,,gu>d ea* man comes to ! position ( gu>d1 h]et(ore def9$1 bayonets cross$1 ea* man's bayonet be>+ lightly to ! "r aga9/ ! correspond+ portion ( ! oppon5t's bayonet4 ,?is position is kn[n z ! ,,engage or ,,engage ,,"r4 #ff4 ,be+ at ! ,,engage ,,"r3 ,,engage ,,left4 ,! attack drops ! po9t ( 8 bayonet quickly until cle> ( 8 oppon5t's rifle & describes a semicircle ) x upw>d & to ! "r2 bayonets are cross$ simil>ly z 9 ! engag$ position1 ea* man's bayonet be>+ lightly to ! left aga9/ ! correspond+ portion ( ! oppon5t's bayonet4 #fg4 ,be+ at ,,engage ,,left3 ,,engage ,,"r4 ,! attack quickly drops ! po9t ( 8 bayonet until cle> ( 8 oppon5t's rifle & describes a semicircle ) x upw>d & to ! left & engages4 #fh4 ,be+ engag$3 ,,engage ,,left ,,& ,,"r4 ,! attack ,,engage ,,left & !n imm$iately ,,engages ,,"r4 #fi4 ,be+ engag$ left3 ,,engage ,,"r ,,& ,,left4 ,! attack ,,engages ,,"r & !n imm$iately ,,engages ,,left4 #gj4 #a4 ,numb] "o1 ,,engage ,,"r 7,,left72 #b4 ,numb] two1 ,,c\nt]4 ,numb] "o executes ! movem5t ord]$1 z above2 numb] two quickly drops ! po9t ( 8 bayonet & circles x upw>d to ! orig9al position4 #ga4 ,9 all f5c+ :ile ma9ta9+ ! pressure 9 ! engage a c]ta9 fre$om ( motion ( ! rifle is all[able1 consi/+ ( ! play1 or up-&-d[n motion1 ( "o bayonet aga9/ ! o!r4 ,?is is necess>y to prev5t ! oppon5t f div9+ ! int5d$ attack4 ,x also prev5ts 8 us+ ! po9t ( contact z a pivot = 8 assaults4 ,9 *>g+ f "o engage to ! o!r ! movem5t is controll$ by ! left h&1 ! "r rema9+ /ation>y4 #gb4 ,aft] "s ex]cise 9 ,,engage1 ,,engage ,,left1 & ,,c\nt]1 ex]cises w be giv5 9 ! assaults4 ,,assaults4 #gc4 ,! "p ( ! body to be attack$ w be designat$ by "n1 z head1 neck1 *e/1 /oma*1 legs4 ,no attacks w be made bel[ ! knees4 ,! comm&s are giv5 & ! movem5ts = ea* l9e are fir/ expla9$ ?or\ghly by ! in/ructor2 ! execution beg9s at ! comm& ,,assault4 ,numb] "o executes ! attack1 & numb] two p>ries2 conv]sely1 at comm&1 numb] two attacks & numb] "o p>ries4 #gd4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 in/ruction ,,assaults are divid$ into ,,simple ,,attacks1 ,,c\nt] ,,attacks1 ,,attacks ,,on ,,! ,,rifle1 & ,,fe9ts4 ,,simple ,,attacks4 #ge4 ,success 9 ^! attacks dep5ds on quickness ( movem5t4 ,!re are ?ree simple attacks--! ,,/raight1 ! ,,dis5gagem5t1 & ! ,,c\nt] ,,dis5gagem5t4 ,!y are n prec$$ by a fe9t4 #gf4 ,9 ! ,,/raight ! bayonet is direct$ /raight at an op5+ f ! engag$ position4 ,contact ) ! oppon5t's rifle may or may n be ab&on$ :ile mak+ x4 ,if ! op5+ be high or l[1 contact ) ! rifle w usually be ab&on$ on comm5c+ ! attack4 ,if ! op5+ be ne> 8 gu>d1 ! light pressure us$ 9 ! engage may be cont9u$ 9 ! attack4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage ,,"r1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 at neck 7head1 *e/1 "r leg1 etc471 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry "r2 #c4 ,,assault4 #gg4 ,9 ! ,,dis5gagem5t contact ) ! oppon5t's rifle is ab&on$ & ! po9t ( ! bayonet is circl$ "u or ov] 8 bayonet or rifle & direct$ into ! op5+ attack$4 ,?is attack is deliv]$ by "o cont9u\s spiral movem5t ( ! bayonet f ! mom5t contact is ab&on$4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage ,,"r1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 at /oma* 7left *e/4 left leg1 etc471 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry left 7etc472 #c4 ,,assault4 #gh4 ,9 ! ,,c\nt] ,,dis5gagem5t a swift attack is made into ! op5+ disclos$ :ile ! oppon5t is attempt+ to *ange ! engagem5t ( 8 rifle4 ,x is deliv]$ by "o cont9u\s spiral movem5t ( ! bayonet into ! op5+4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage ,,"r1 #a4 ,numb] two1 engage left2 #b4 ,numb] "o1 at *e/1 ?ru/2 #c4 ,numb] two1 p>ry left2 #d4 ,,assault4 ,numb] two initiates ! movem5t1 numb] "o ?ru/s z soon z ! op5+ is made1 & numb] two !n attempts to p>ry4 #gi4 ,a ,,c\nt] ,,attack or ,,return is "o made in/antly aft] or 9 cont9uation ( a p>ry4 ,! p>ry %\ld be z n>r[ z possible4 ,?is makes x m difficult = ! oppon5t to recov] & c\nt] p>ry4 ,! c\nt] attack %\ld also be made at or j be=e ! full ext5sion ( ! oppon5t's attack1 z :5 x is s made a simple ext5sion ( ! arms w g5]ally be suffici5t to rea* ! oppon5t's body4 ,example3 ,be+ at ,,engage1 #a4 ,numb] two1 at *e/1 lunge2 #b4 ,numb] "o1 p>ry "r & at /oma* 7*e/1 head1 etc471 ?ru/2 #c4 ,,assault4 ,,attacks ,,on ,,! ,,rifle4 #hj4 ,^! movem5ts are made = ! purpose ( =c+ or disclos+ an op5+ into :i* an attack c be made4 ,!y are ! ,,press1 ! ,,beat1 & ! ,,twi/4 #ha4 ,9 ! ,,press ! attack quickly presses aga9/ ! oppon5t's bayonet or rifle ) 8 own & cont9ues ! pressure z ! attack is deliv]$4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 press1 & at *e/1 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry "r2 #c4 ,,assault4 #hb4 ,! attack by ,,dis5gagem5t is p>ticul>ly effective foll[+ ! ,,press4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 press1 & at /oma*1 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 l[ p>ry left2 #c4 ,,assault4 #hc4 ,! ,,beat is an attack 9 :i* a %>p bl[ is /ruck aga9/ ! oppon5t's rifle = ! purpose ( =c+ him to expose an op5+ into :i* an attack imm$iately foll[s4 ,x is us$ :5 !re is b slight opposition or no contact ( rifles4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 beat1 & at /oma* 7*e/1 etc471 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry left2 #c4 ,,assault4 #hd4 ,9 ! twi/ ! rifle is cross$ ov] ! oppon5t's rifle or bayonet & 8 bayonet =c$ d[nw>d ) a circul> motion & a /raight attack made into ! op5+4 ,x requires sup]ior /r5g? on ! "p ( ! attack4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 twi/1 & at /oma*1 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 l[ p>ry left2 #c4 ,,assault4 ,,fe9ts4 #he4 ,fe9ts are movem5ts :i* ?reat5 or simulate attacks & are made ) a view to induc+ an op5+ or p>ry t exposes ! desir$ po9t ( attack4 ,!y are ei!r s+le or d\ble1 accord+ to ! numb] ( su* movem5ts made by ! attack4 #hf4 ,9 ord] t ! attack may be *ang$ quickly1 z little =ce z possible is put into a fe9t4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 fe9t head ?ru/2 at /oma*1 lunge2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry "r & l[ p>ry "r2 #c4 ,,assault4 ,numb] "o executes ! fe9t & !n ! attack4 ,numb] two executes bo? p>ries4 #hg4 ,9 d\ble fe9ts fir/ "o "p ( ! body & !n ano!r is ?reat5$ & a ?ird attack$4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 fe9t /raight ?ru/ at *e/2 dis5gagem5t at *e/2 at /oma*1 lunge2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry "r1 p>ry left1 & l[ p>ry left2 #c4 ,,assault4 #hh4 ,an op5+ may be (f]$ or procur$ by opposition1 z 9 ! ,,press or ,,beat4 #hi4 ,9 f5c+ ex]cises e ,,fe9t %\ld at fir/ be p>ri$4 ,:5 ! def5se is able to judge or div9e ! "* ( ! attack ! fe9t is n necess>ily p>ri$1 b may be nullifi$ by a c\nt] fe9t4 #ij4 ,a ,,c\nt] ,,fe9t is a fe9t foll[+ ! oppon5t's fe9t or foll[+ a ,,p>ry ( 8 attack & g5]ally occurs 9 comb9$ movem5ts4 ,,comb9$ ,,movem5ts4 #ia4 ,:5 ! m5 h become ?or\ghly famili> ) ! v>i\s foot movem5ts1 p>ries1 gu>ds1 attacks1 fe9ts1 etc41 ! in/ructor comb9es sev]al ( !m & gives ! comm&s 9 quick succession1 increas+ ! rapidity & numb] ( movem5ts z ! m5 become m skillful4 ,oppon5ts w be *ang$ frequ5tly4 #a4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage4 #a4 ,numb] "o1 by dis5gagem5t at *e/1 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry left1 "r /ep 7left foot fir/71 & lunge2 #c4 ,,assault4 #b4 ,example3 ,be+ at ,,engage ,,left1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 press & lunge2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry "r1 left /ep1 & ?ru/2 #c4 ,,assault4 #c4 ,example3 ,be+ at ! ,,engage1 #a4 ,numb] "o1 by dis5gagem5t at *e/1 ?ru/2 #b4 ,numb] two1 p>ry left1 front pass1 & at head butt /rike2 #c4 ,numb] "o1 "r /ep2 #d4 ,,assault4 #ib4 ,examples #a & #b are typical ( movem5ts kn[n z ,,cross ,,c\nt]s1 & example ,no4 #c ( movem5ts kn[n z ,,close ,,c\nt]s4 #ic4 ,a ,,*anc]y is an attack by means ( :i* ! oppon5t is dis>m$1 :i* causes him to lose control ( 8 rifle1 or :i* disables 8 weapon4 #id4 ,:5 ! diff]5t comb9ations are execut$ ) suffici5t skill ! in/ructor w devise s]ies ( movem5ts to be memoriz$ & execut$ at ! comm& ,,assault4 ,! accuracy & cel]ity ( ! movem5ts w be c>efully wat*$ by ! in/ructor1 ) a view to ! correction ( faulty execution4 #ie4 ,x is n int5d$ to re/rict ! numb] ( movem5ts1 b to leave to ! discretion ( company comm&]s & ! +5uity ( in/ructors ! selection ( su* o!r ex]cises z accord ) ! object ( ! drill4 ,,vii4 ,,f5c+ ,,at ,,w4 #if4 ,z satisfactory progress is made ! in/ructor w proce$ to ! ex]cises at w1 by :i* is meant assaults betwe5 two m51 ea* endeavor+ to hit ! o!r & to avoid be+ hit himself4 ,f5c+ at w %\ld n be all[$ to deg5]ate into r&om attacks & def5ses4 #ig4 ,! in/ructor c sup]vise b "o pair ( combatants at a "t4 ,frequ5t *anges %\ld be made s t ! m5 may e>n diff]5t me?ods ( attack & def5se f ea* o!r4 #ih4 ,! conte/ %\ld beg9 ) simple1 c>eful movem5ts1 ) a view to =m+ a correct op9ion ( ! adv]s>y2 aft]w>ds ev]y?+ w dep5d on coolness1 rapid & correct execution ( ! movem5ts1 & quick p]ception ( ! adv]s>y's int5tions4 #ii4 ,cont9ual retreat f ! adv]s>y's attack & frequ5t dodg+ to escape attacks %\ld be avoid$4 ,! (f5sive %\ld he cont9ually enc\rag$4 #ajj4 ,9 f5c+ at w1 :5 no comm&s are giv51 oppon5ts fac+ ea* o!r at ! position ( ord] arms1 salute4 ,!y !n imm$iately & simultane\sly assume ! position ( gu>d rifles engag$4 ,nei!r man may take ! position ( gu>d be=e 8 oppon5t has complet$ 8 salute4 ,! *oice ( position is decid$ be=e ! salute4 #aja4 ,! oppon5ts be+ ab\t two paces ap>t & ! f5c+ salute hav+ be5 r5d]$1 ! in/ructor comm&s #a4 ,at w1 #b4 ,,assault1 aft] :i* ei!r p>ty has ! "r to attack4 ,to int]rupt ! conte/ ! in/ructor w comm& ,,halt1 at :i* ! combatants w imm$iately come to ! ord]4 ,to t]m9ate ! conte/1 ! in/ructor w comm&1 #a4 ,halt1 #b ,,salute1 at :i* ! combatants w imm$iately come to ! ord]1 salute1 & remove _! masks4 #ajb4 ,:5 m5 h acquir$ confid5ce 9 f5c+ at w1 "o oppon5t %\ld be requir$ to advance ^u ! o!r 9 quick "t at ,,*>ge ,,bayonet1 f a di/ance n to exce$ #aj y>ds1 & deliv] an attack4 ,z soon z a hit is made by ei!r oppon5t ! in/ructor comm&s1 ,,halt1 & ! assault t]m9ates4 ,oppon5ts alt]nate 9 assault+4 ,! assailant is likewise requir$ to advance at d\ble "t f a di/ance n exce$+ #bj y>ds & at a run f a di/ance n exce$+ #cj y>ds4 #ajc4 ,! in/ructor w closely obs]ve ! conte/ & decide d\btful po9ts4 ,he w at once /op ! conte/ ^u ! slighte/ indication ( temp]4 ,aft] conclusion ( ! combat he w comm5t on ! action ( bo? p>ties1 po9t out errors & defici5cies & expla9 h[ !y may be avoid$ 9 ! future4 #ajd4 ,z additional in/ruction1 ! m5 may be p]mitt$ to wield ! rifle left h&$1 t is on ! left side ( ! body1 left h& at ! small ( ! /ock4 ,_m m5 w be able to use ?is me?od to advantage4 ,x is also ( value 9 case ! left b& is w\nd$4 ,illu/ration3 ,p>4 #ajd4 #aje4 ,aft] m5 h f5c$ 9 pairs1 practice %\ld be giv5 9 f5c+ betwe5 gr\ps1 equally & unequally divid$4 ,:5 practicable1 intr5*m5ts w be us$ 9 f5c+ ( ?is "*4 ,9 gr\p f5c+ x w be necess>y to h a suffici5t numb] ( umpires to decide hits4 ,an individual receiv+ a hit is )drawn at once f ! b\t1 :i* is decid$ 9 favor ( ! gr\p hav+ ! num]ical sup]iority at ! end4 ,! f5c+ salute is n requir$ 9 gr\p f5c+4 ,,rules ,,= ,,f5c+ ,,at ,,w4 #ajf4 #a4 ,hits on ! legs bel[ ! knees w n be c\nt$4 ,no hit c\nts unless1 9 ! op9ion ( ! in/ructor1 x has suffici5t =ce to disable4 #b4 ,^u receiv+ a hit1 call out hit4 #c4 ,aft] receiv+ a fair hit a c\nt] attack is n p]mitt$4 ,a position ( engage is tak54 #d4 ,a second or ?ird hit 9 a comb9$ attack w be c\nt$ only :5 ! fir/ hit 0 n call$4 #e4 ,:5 x is necess>y to /op ! conte/--= example1 because ( break+ ( weapons or displacem5t ( means ( protection--take ! position ( ! ord]4 #f4 ,:5 x is necess>y to susp5d ! assault = any cause1 x w n be resum$ until ! adv]s>y is ready & 9 condition to def5d himself4 #g4 ,attacks direct$ at ! crot* are prohibit$ 9 f5c+4 #h4 ,/epp+ out ( b\nds1 :5 e/abli%$1 c\nts z a hit4 ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,f5c+ ,,at ,,w4 #ajg4 ,:5 engag+ 9 an assault1 fir/ /udy ! adv]s>y's position & proce$ by false attacks1 execut$ ) spe$1 to discov]1 if possible1 8 in/9ctive p>ries4 ,9 ord] to draw ! adv]s>y out & induce him to expose t "p ( ! body at :i* ! attack is to be made1 x is advisable to simulate an attack by a fe9t & !n make ! real attack4 #ajh4 ,return attacks %\ld be frequ5tly practic$1 z !y are difficult to p>ry1 & ! oppon5t is )9 easi] rea* & m expos$4 ,! return c be made a cont9uation ( ! p>ry1 z !re is no previ\s w>n+ ( its deliv]y1 al?\gh x %\ld always be expect$4 ,returns are made )\t lung+ if ! adv]s>y c be rea*$ by ?ru/s or cuts4 #aji4 ,endeavor to ov]come ! t5d5cy to make a return )\t kn[+ :]e x w hit4 ,mak+ returns bl9dly is a bad habit & leads to in/9ctive returns--t is1 habitual returns ) c]ta9 attacks f c]ta9 p>ries--a fault :i* ! skill$ oppon5t w soon discov]4 #aaj4 ,d n draw ! rifle back prep>atory to ?ru/+ & lung+4 #aaa4 ,! purpose ( f5c+ at w is to tea* ! soldi] z _m =ms ( simple1 effective attacks & def5ses z possible4 ,complicat$ & intricate movem5ts %\ld n be attempt$4 ,,h9ts ,,= ,,in/ructors4 #aab4 ,! influ5ce ( ! in/ructor is great4 ,he mu/ be ma/] ( 8 weapon1 n only to %[ ! v>i\s movem5ts1 b also to lead 9 ! ex]cises at w4 ,he %\ld /imulate ! zeal ( ! m5 & ar\se pleasure 9 ! "w4 ,(fic]s %\ld qualify !mselves z in/ructors by f5c+ ) ea* o!r4 #aac4 ,! "* ( ea* man1 8 bodily con=mation1 & 8 degree ( skill mu/ always be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,:5 ! in/ructor is demon/rat+ ! comb9ations1 fe9ts1 returns1 & p>ries ! rapidity ( 8 attack %\ld be regulat$ by ! skill ( ! pupil & no m =ce ?an is necess>y %\ld be us$4 ,if ! pupil exposes himself too mu* 9 ! fe9ts & p>ries1 ! in/ructor w1 by an attack1 conv9ce him ( 8 error2 b if ^! returns be too swiftly or too /rongly made ! pupil w become ov]cauti\s & ! precision ( 8 attack w be impair$4 ,! object is to tea* ! pupil1 n to give exhibitions ( sup]ior skill4 #aad4 ,occasionally ! in/ructor %\ld leave himself uncov]$ & fail to p>ry1 9 ord] to tea* ! pupil to take quick advantage ( su* opportunities4 ,,sugge/ions4 ,in/ruction 9 bayonet ex]cise & bayonet f5c+ %\ld be conduct$ ) a view to tea*+ ! aggressive use ( ! bayonet4 ,unless troops are s ?or\ghly tra9$ ) ! bayonet t !y believe t ) x !y are sup]ior to _! oppon5ts x w be difficult or impossible to develop t morale :i* is necess>y = a successful assault4 ,m5 %\ld be impress$ ) ! importance ( act+ always on ! (f5sive 9 bayonet combat1 ( pu%+ _! attack ) all _! might4 ,troops :i* are successful 9 _! fir/ few bayonet enc\nt]s w seldom !reaft] be call$ ^u to use ! bayonet--_! oppon5ts w n await ! assault4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,field ,,s]vice4 ,,section #a4 ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,infantry ,,tra9+4 ,inaction gives e advantage to ! enemy4 ,! (f5sive alone gives decisive results4 ,a quick & en]getic (f5sive m9imizes losses4 ,an advance aga9/ ! enemy's position once ent]$ ^u mu/ be cont9u$4 ,to g back "u fire is to die4 ,! be/ way to hold d[n ! fire ( ! enemy & to dim9i% 8 p[] to inflict losses is to br+ ! position he occupies "u well conduct$ & cont9u$ fire4 ,pres5t z small a t>get z possible to ! enemy by utiliz+ e bit ( cov] ! gr\nd af=ds4 ,individual skill 9 m>ksman%ip is an advantage 9 battle only :5 unit$ ) fire discipl9e & control4 ,con/ant movem5t to ! front less5s ! effect ( ! enemy's fire4 ,mod]n battles f\ght 9 ! op5 %[ t ! heavie/ losses are 9 ! mid & long ranges4 ,:5 close range is rea*$ ! losses dim9i% rapidly4 ,! be/ protection aga9/ artill]y fire is a con/ant b irregul> movem5t to ! front4 ,:5 close to ! enemy's position 8 fire is lea/ effective4 ,a k ( h[ to use ! bayonet & ! w to use x mu/ (t5 be ! decid+ factors 9 battle4 ,f9ally3 ,9 infantry tra9+ we c n g f> wrong or fail to accompli% ! be/ results if we keep be=e our m9ds ! _s z well z ! word+ ( p>agraph #ceb ( ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations3 ,! duties ( infantry are _m & difficult4 ,all infantry mu/ be fit to cope ) all conditions t may arise4 ,mod]n w> requires b "o k9d ( infantry--good infantry4 ,,section #b4 ,,combat4 ,! field ( battle is ! f9al te/ ( ! in/ruction1 discipl9e1 & effici5cy ( ! fight+ =ce ( any army4 ,! battalion is ! attack unit or ! def5se unit1 :e!r op]at+ alone or z "p ( a regim5t4 ,! companies con/itute ! fir+ l9e & ! support4 ,an individual soldi] is conc]n$ only ) ! enemy 9 8 imm$iate front1 9 obey+ ord]s1 & in/9ctively do+ :at he has be5 tra9$ to d4 ,! "o requisite necess>y to w9 ! battle is intellig5t team "w4 ,! army is h&l$ j l a football team4 ,a "p is on ! fir/ l9e fac+ ! enemy4 ,ano!r "p1 l ! half backs1 is held back z supports4 ,ano!r "p1 l ! full backs1 is held z a res]ve4 ,ea* unit1 l ea* play]1 has a c]ta9 duty to p]=m4 ,:5 ! signal is giv51 all "w toge!r--all play ! game--team "w4 ,! play]s consi/ ( all bran*es ( ! s]vice4 ,! same rule holds true d[n to ! smalle/ unit & ev5 to ! individual enli/$ man4 ,ea* regim5t is a team compos$ ( ?ree play]s--ea* a battalion4 ,ea* battalion is a team ( f\r play]s--ea* a company4 ,9 ! same mann] ea* company is a team ( two or m platoons2 ea* platoon a team ( two or m squads2 & la/1 b n lea/1 ea* squad is a team ( eight play]s4 ,! "o "q t always pres5ts itself on ! battlefield e m9ute ( ! "t to e p]son1 :e!r he be a g5]al or a private1 is ,:at play has my team capta9 ord]$1 & h[ be/ may ,i act s z to "w 9 conjunction ) ! o!r play]s to br+ ab\t ! desir$ result8--team play4 ,to ! ,infantry private ?is means-- ,fir/4 ,prompt & loyal ob$i5ce to ! squad lead]4 ,e squad always has a team capta94 ,if ! squad lead] is kill$ or disabl$1 ano!r play] previ\sly designat$ takes 8 place4 ,if no "o 0 designat$1 !n ! private ) ! longe/ s]vice takes comm&4 ,:5 ! squad lead] gives ! comm& = a c]ta9 play1 don't /op to ?9k if ! play is a good "o1 b d y\r v be/ to c>ry ont ! play z ord]$4 ,a poor play 9 :i* e play] ent]s ) 8 :ole he>t 7team "w7 w (t5 w91 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! be/ play 9 :i* "s ( ! play]s are skulk]s & %irk]s w probably fail4 ,second4 ,nev] lose t\* ) y\r squad4 ,e individual1 z well z e unit1 %\ld always be act+ "u ! control ( "s high] comm&]4 ,?is is necess>y if !re is to be any unity ( action4 ,!re=e if y lose y\r squad1 or x becomes brok5 up1 jo9 ! fir/ squad y c f9d & obey y\r new squad lead] z loyally & z *e]fully z y did y\r own4 ,infantry approa*es ! battle field 9 columns ( squads4 ,:ile yet sev]al miles f ! enemy's position ! troops may come "u artill]y fire4 ,on gre5 m5 ent]+ ^u _! fight1 ! s\nd ( ! projectile :i/l+ ?r\gh ! air1 ! noise1 fla%1 & smoke on ! bur/ ( ! %rapnel1 & ! hum ( ! v>i\s pieces !reaft]1 all produce a v t]rify+ effect1 b old soldi]s soon le>n to pay little att5tion to ?is1 z ! dang] is n great4 ,z ! troops advance1 ! column breaks up into small] columns1 :i* =m on an irregul> l9e ) m or less int]val betwe54 ,z ! advance cont9ues ea* column breaks up into small] columns until f9ally a l9e ( skirmi%]s is =m$4 ,fir+ is delay$ z long z possible = ?ree reasons1 viz3 7a7 ,at ! extreme ranges little damage c be done on ! enemy1 & ineffective fir+ always enc\rages him2 7b7 halt+ to fire delays ! advance1 & ! great object to be accompli%$ is to close 9 on ! enemy :]e y c meet him on bett] t]ms2 7c7 pl5ty ( ammunition w be requir$ at ! decisive /age ( ! fight1 & x is v difficult to s5d extra ammunition up to ! fir+ l9e4 ,!re=e nev] fire until ord]$ to d s1 & !n nev] fire m ?an ! numb] ( r\nds designat$4 ,nev] fire aft] ! comm& cease fir+ is giv54 ,ammunition 9 ! b&ole]s w ord9>ily be exp5d$ fir/4 ,?irty r\nds 9 ! "r pocket section ( ! belt w be held z a res]ve1 to be exp5d$ only :5 ord]$ by an (fic]4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 x w be necess>y to halt & op5 fire on ! enemy 9 ord] to cause him "s loss1 to make 8 riflem5 keep d[n 9 _! tr5*es1 & to make !m fire wildly4 ,x is probable t at ?is "t & until y arrive mu* clos] y w n see any ( ! enemy to fire at4 ,y may n ev5 see any tr5*es nor "k j :]e ! enemy is4 ,y\r high] (fic]s1 h[ev]1 ) _! field glasses & ! messages !y receive1 w "k4 ,ea* company w be assign$ a c]ta9 front to cov] ) its fire4 ,!re=e be c>eful to fix y\r sights at ! designat$ range & fire only at ! designat$ t>get4 ,?is means team "w 9 fir+1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ important elem5ts ( success4 ,! fir+ l9e advances f position to position by means ( ru%es4 ,at long range ! entire l9e may ru% =w>d at ! same "t1 b z ! range decreases "o "p ( ! l9e ru%es =w>d :ile ! rema9d] keeps up a hot fire on ! enemy4 ,! numb] tak+ "p 9 ea* ru% decreases z ! fire ( ! enemy becomes w>m]1 until p]haps only "o squad1 or ev5 less1 ru%es or crawls =w>d at a "t1 protect$ by ! fire ( ! re/ ( ! company4 ,! di/ance cov]$ by ea* ru% also becomes less & less4 ,aft] any ru% no "p ( ! l9e aga9 advances until ! re/ ( ! l9e is up4 ,9 mak+ a ru%1 ! lead] ( ! unit gives ! signal & leads ! way4 ,! re/ foll[4 ,no attempt is made to keep a l9e1 b ea* man ru%es =w>d at a run1 seek+ only to rea* ! new halt+ position z quickly & ) z little exposure z possible4 ,:5 halt$1 ! skirmi%]s ne$ n be 9 a p]fect l9e1 b e advantage %\ld be tak5 ( ! gr\nd = concealm5t & protection4 ,x is necess>y only t no man or gr\p ( m5 %\ld int]f]e ) ! fire ( o!r p>ts ( ! fir+ l9e4 ,! noise on ! fir+ l9e w be great4 ,lead]s w be disabl$ & new m5 w take _! places4 ,re9=cem5ts com+ up w cause units to become mix$4 ,to ! gre5 man ev]y?+ may appe> to be 9 confusion1 b ?is is n s4 ,?is is w> z x really is4 ,if y h lo/ y\r squad or y\r squad lead]1 jo9 ! lead] ne>e/ to y4 ,?is is ! way ! game is play$4 ,z long z ! fight la/s e available rifleman mu/ be kept 9 ! fir+ l9e4 ,! fir/ & la/ consid]ation is to w9 ! battle4 ,!re=e1 "u no circum/ances w any soldi] be p]mitt$ to g to ! re>1 ei!r = ammunition or to assi/ ! w\nd$4 ,if ! attack+ =ce c no long] advance1 x is mu* saf] to ?r[ up ha/y intr5*m5ts & await ! arrival ( re9=cem5ts or d>kness ?an x is to retreat4 ,retreat+ troops are ! "o t suff] ! greate/4 ,?is lesson is taught by e great w>4 ,!re=e1 always rememb] t ! safe/ ?+ to d is to /ick to fir+ l9e4 ,troops on ! fir+ l9e1 :5 n actually engag$ 9 fir+ at ! enemy1 busy !mselves ?r[+ up %elt] tr5*es4 ,x only requires a few m9utes to con/ruct a tr5* t gives great protection4 ,!re=e1 nev] get sep>at$ f y\r intr5*+ tool4 ,concealm5t is no less important ?an protection4 ,!re=e1 :5 conditions p]mit1 z is g5]ally ! case :5 on ! def5sive1 e ef=t %\ld be made to hide intr5*m5ts by ! use ( sod1 grass1 we$s1 bu%es1 etc4 ,9 mak+ an attack ! infantry is always support$ :5 possible by its own artill]y1 :i* cont9ues to fire ov] its head until ! infantry arrives v close to ! enemy's tr5*es4 ,?is fire is help+ y a great deal by keep+ d[n ! fire ( ! enemies infantry & artill]y4 ,!re=e1 don't ?9k y are be+ fir$ into by y\r own artill]y because y he> _! %ells & %rapnel s++ ?r\gh ! air or bur/+ a %ort di/ance 9 y\r front1 b r be ?ankful y are receiv+ _! help up to ! v la/ m9ute4 ,9 ! la/ ru% :i* c>ries ! enemy's position !re is always mu* mix+ ( units4 ,! fir+ l9e does n cont9ue ru%+ madly z individuals aft] ! enemy1 b halts & fires on him until he gets out ( good range4 ,! pursuit is tak5 up by =m$ troops held 9 res]ve or by ! fir+ l9e only aft] its units are aga9 gott5 toge!r4 ,z ! fight+ (t5 la/s all day1 & great suff]+ is caus$ f ?ir/1 don't ?r[away y\r cante5 :5 ! fight comm5ces4 ,x may also be impossible to get rations up to ! l9e dur+ ! night4 ,!re=e1 x is advisable to hold onto at lea/ "o ration4 ,z ! rec5t w> has %[n ! possibility ( h&-to-h& fight+1 especially at night1 ea* soldi] %\ld be s*ool$ 9 ! use ( ! bayonet4 ,! foll[+ has p>ticul> ref]5ce to ! duties ( platoon & squad lead]s & to ! team "w ( ! platoon 9 combat3 ,attack+ troops mu/ fir/ ga9 fire sup]iority 9 ord] to rea* ! ho/ile position4 ,by ga9+ fire sup]iority is meant mak+ "o's fire sup]ior to t ( ! enemy 9 volume & accuracy1 & x dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( rifles employ$1 ! rate ( fire1 ! "* ( ! t>get1 tra9+ & discipl9e1 & fire direction & control4 ,:5 ! fire ( ! attack]s becomes effective & sup]ior to t ( ! def5d]s ! latt] are no long] able to effectively & coolly aim & fire at ! =m]1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 ! attack]s are able to inaugurate a successful ru% or advance :i* c>ries !m ne>] to ! enemy's position4 ,:5 a tra9$ organization has be5 committ$ to ! attack1 ! ga9+ ( fire sup]iority dep5ds ^u ! way 9 :i* fire direction & fire control are ex]cis$4 ,! capta9 directs ! fire ( ! company4 ,he indicates to ! platoon comm&]s ! t>get 7enemy7 :i* ! company is to fire & advance ^u1 & tells ea* ^u :i* "p ( ?is t>get he is to direct ! fire ( 8 platoon4 ,:5 he desires ! fire to be op5$ he gives ! necess>y comm&s or signals1 includ+ ! range at :i* ! sights lire to be set4 ,:5 ! fire fight has once />t$ x becomes to a great ext5t a fight ( a numb] ( platoons4 ,! platoon is ! l>ge/ organization :i* c be controll$ by a s+le lead] 9 action4 ,! platoon comm&] 7lieut5ant or s]geant7 controls its fire 9 ord] to ga9 ! maximum fire effect & to avoid wa/+ ammunition4 ,he mu/ try 8 be/ to make ! fire ( 8 platoon effective1 to get x =w>d1 & to support neighbor+ platoons 9 _! ef=t to advance4 ,at ! same "t he mu/ hold himself subject to 8 capta9's directions4 ,he %\ld take advantage ( e *ance to c>ry 8 platoon =w>d unless o!rwise ord]$4 ,9 all ?is he is assi/$ by 8 platoon guide 7s]geant7 & by 8 corporals4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( an engagem5t ! platoon comm&] w give ! objective 7"p ( ! enemy's l9e or aim+ t>get7 at :i* 8 platoon is to direct its fire4 ,noncommission$ (fic]s mu/ be sure t !y see & und]/& ! objective1 & t all ! m5 9 _! squads d likewise4 ,fire is !n direct$ at ?is objective )\t fur!r comm& until ! platoon comm&] gives a new objective4 ,m5 %\ld be in/ruct$ to aim at t "p ( ! t>get assign$ to _! platoon :i* corresponds ) _! own position 9 _! own platoon1 s t !re w be no portion ( ! t>get :i* is n cov]$ by fire4 ,a portion ( ! enemy's l9e n cov]$ by fire means t t portion is able to coolly aim & fire at _! oppon5ts4 ,9 an engagem5t ! voice c seldom be he>d ov] a few feet1 & ! platoon comm&] w g5]ally h to convey 8 ord]s by signals4 ,a corporal may be able to %\t ord]s to 8 squad1 & ord]s may be repeat$ along a skirmi% l9e by %\t+4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ord]s int5d$ = "o platoon only are n ?us convey$ to ano!r platoon4 ,a %ort bla/ on ! :i/le1 giv5 by ! platoon comm&]1 means ,att5tion to ,ord]s4 ,all noncommission$ (fic]s at once susp5d fir+ & glance t[>d ! platoon comm&] to see if ! latt] has any signals or ord]s = !m4 ,if n1 !y resume fir+4 ,a long bla/ on ! :i/le means ,susp5d ,fir+4 ,:5 a noncommission$ (fic] he>s ?is signal f 8 platoon comm&] he %\ld at once %\t ,susp5d ,fir+4 ,^u receiv+ a signal1 ! noncommission$ (fic] = :om x is int5d$ %\ld at once repeat x back1 to be sure t x is correctly und]/ood4 ,:5 a lead] 9 comm& ( a platoon or squad receives an ord] or signal to ru%1 he %\ld cause 8 m5 to susp5d fir+ & to hold !mselves flat b ready = a spr9t]'s />t4 ,he selects ! po9t1 z f> z possible ) ref]5ce to cov]1 to :i* he int5ds to c>ry 8 unit =w>d4 ,he !n gives ! comm& ,,ru%1 spr+s =w>d1 & runn+ at full spe$ ab\t ?ree paces ahead ( 8 m51 leads !m 9 ! ru%4 ,arriv+ at ! position he has select$1 he ?r[s himself prone1 & ! m5 drop on ei!r side ( him4 ,all crawl =w>d to good fir+ positions1 consid]+ ! cov] also1 & ! lead] gives ! necess>y ord]s = resum+ ! fire4 ,! latt] w include giv+ ! range aga91 ! l5g? ( ! ru% be+ subtract$ f ! sight sett+ ord]$ at ! la/ position4 ,z a rule1 ru%es %\ld be />t$ by a unit on "o flank1 & %\ld be foll[$ 9 succession by ! o!r units to ! opposite flank4 ,ea* succe$+ unit %\ld halt on ! l9e e/abli%$ by ! unit :i* fir/ ru%$4 ,:5 a unit is ab\t to ru%1 lead]s 9 *>ge ( adjac5t units %\ld caution _! m5 to be c>eful n to fire into ! ru%+ unit z x b\nds =w>d4 ,:5 "o unit susp5ds fire = ! purpose ( ru%+1 adjac5t lead]s %\ld arrange to h a portion ( _! m5 turn _! fire on ! t>get ( ! ru%+ unit1 to ! end t !re may be no portion ( ! enemy's l9e n "u fire & able to fire coolly on ! ru%+ unit4 ,ru%es %\ld be made = z long a di/ance z possible1 due reg>d be+ _h = ! w9d ( ! m5 & n to get beyond support+ di/ance ( ! o!r units4 ,long ru%es facilitate an advance1 & quickly place a skirmi% l9e close to ! enemy's position1 :]e its fire w h m effect4 ,an attack+ l9e suff]s less f casualties at %ort ranges ?an x does at mid range4 ,e advantage %\ld be tak5 to utilize ! cov] available4 ,! be/ k9d ( cov] is t :i*1 :ile x masks ! skirmi%]s f ! sight & fire ( ! enemy1 af=ds favorable conditions = fir+ & = readily advanc+4 ,9 ord] to all[ m5 to rega9 _! w9d1 or %\ld ! fire ( ! enemy be s effective z to prev5t a fur!r advance )\t re9=cem5t1 advantage may be tak5 to lie close 9 cov]1 or ha/y fire tr5*es may be ?r[n up 9 ord] to all[ ! l9e to ma9ta9 its position4 ,to g back "u fire is to die4 ,:5 a platoon is fir+1 all noncommission$ (fic]s wat* e opportunity to make ! fire m effective4 ,! platoon guide %\ld con/antly wat* ! m5 to see t !y d n become excit$1 fire too ha/ily or )\t aim1 t _! sights are set at ! correct range1 t !y are obvi\sly fir+ at ! designat$ t>get1 & t !y assume /eady fir+ positions & take advantage ( cov]4 ,9 p]=m+ ^! duties x may be necess>y = ! guides to be con/antly crawl+ along ! l9e4 ,a corporal 9 l mann] sup]vises 8 squad1 fir+ ) x :5 he is n actively engag$ 9 controll+ x4 ,bayonets are fix$ prep>atory to a *>ge4 ,?is comm& is usually giv5 by ! bugle4 ,only "o or two m5 9 ea* squad %\ld fix _! bayonets at ! same "t1 9 ord] t !re may be no m>k$ pause or dim9ution 9 ! fire at ?is critical /age ( ! engagem5t4 ,9 ord] to be effective 9 combat1 ! platoon mu/ be ?or\ghly tra9$ to "w z a team4 ,ea* noncommission$ (fic] mu/ be conv]sant ) ! signals & comm&s & ! prop] me?ods = in/antly putt+ into effect ! ord]s ( 8 platoon comm&]4 ,ea* private mu/ be tra9$ until he in/9ctively does ! "r ?+ 9 ea* phase ( ! action4 ,,section #c4 ,,patroll+4 ,! designation ( a patrol indicates ! nature ( ! duty = :i* x is detail$1 z1 = example1 visit+1 reconnoit]+1 explor+1 flank+1 combat1 h>ass+1 pursu+1 etc4 ,an ,infantry patrol consi/s1 z a rule1 ( f #c to #af m54 ,reconnoit]+ patrols are habitually small & seek safety 9 concealm5t or flight1 fight+ only :5 _! mission dem&s x4 ,! mo/ skillful reconnaissance is :]e patrols accompli% _! mission & return )\t be+ discov]$ by ! enemy4 ,:5 resi/ance is expect$ /rong] deta*m5ts are requir$4 ,^! cov] !mselves ) small patrols ( two to f\r m51 ! rema9d] act+ z support4 ,! comm&] det]m9es ! numb] & /r5g? ( patrols & :5 !y are to be s5t out4 ,x is a c>d9al pr9ciple to s5d out patrols ( su* /r5g? only z w accompli% ! object4 ,! (fic] s5d+ out ! patrol v]ifies ! detail1 designates a second 9 comm&1 & gives ! necess>y in/ruction4 ,! ord]s or in/ructions = a patrol1 or = any deta*m5t go+ on reconnoissance1 mu/ /ate cle>ly :]e ! enemy is or is suppos$ to be1 :at in=mation is desir$1 :at features are ( special importance1 ! g5]al direction to be foll[$1 :e!r fri5dly patrols are liable to be enc\nt]$1 & :]e messages are to be s5t or ! patrol is to report4 ,important & compreh5sive in/ructions %\ld be 9 writ+1 b precautions aga9/ capture ( pap]s mu/ be tak54 ,an (fic] s5d+ out a patrol mu/ be c]ta9 t 8 ord]s are und]/ood4 ,detail$ in/ructions are1 z a rule1 avoid$4 ,:5 necess>y ! "t ( return is /at$4 ,! patrol lead] %\ld be select$ ) c>e4 ,he %\ld h good judgm5t1 c\rage1 be able to read maps1 make sket*es1 & s5d cle> & concise messages4 ,9 addition to 8 ord9>y equipm5t1 he %\ld h a map ( ! c\ntry1 a wat*1 field glass1 compass1 :i/le1 message blanks1 & p5cils4 ,! lead] ( a patrol %\ld c>efully inspect x be=e />t+ out & see t ea* memb] is 9 good physical condition1 has s]viceable %oes1 a full cante51 "o ration1 a fir/-aid packet1 & t 8 rifle & ammunition are 9 good condition4 ,he w see t ! equipm5t is arrang$ s z n to rattle2 t no?+ bright is expos$ s z to glitt] 9 ! sunlight2 t no?+ is tak5 along t w give in=mation to ! enemy %\ld any memb] fall into 8 h&s1 z1 = example1 copies ( ord]s1 maps ) position ( troops m>k$ !reon1 lett]s1 newspap]s1 or coll> ornam5ts4 ,blanket rolls %\ld g5]ally be left beh9d1 9 ord] t ! patrol may travel z light z possible4 ,! lead] !n gives 8 patrol in=mation & in/ructions4 ,^! embrace in/ructions f high] au?ority2 8 detail$ plans2 in=mation ( ! c\ntry & enemy2 ! c\nt]sign1 if any2 ! po9t :]e ! patrol w assemble if scatt]$4 ,he w see t ! m5 und]/& ! prescrib$ signals4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ t x makes no diff]5ce h[ valuable may be ! in=mation t ! patrol gets1 x is wor?less if n s5t back 9 "t to be ( s]vice4 ,h]e9 is :]e mo/ patrols full4 ,?is applies p>ticul>ly to ! in=mation obta9$ by patrols act+ z a po9t or flank]s ( advance1 re>1 & flank gu>ds4 ,:5ev] ! patrol gets any in=mation1 ! lead] mu/ ?9k :e!r ! comm&+ (fic] w\ld *ange 8 plans or issue new ord]s if he _h ! in=mation4 ,if he w\ld1 ! in=mation %\ld be s5t back at once4 ,if ! di/ance is great or ! inhabitants are ho/ile1 x is well to s5d two m5 ) ! message4 ,^! m5 %\ld n travel side by side1 b z a patrol ( two m54 ,if ! in=mation is v important1 & ! dang] ( capture is consid]able1 ! message %\ld be s5t by two p>ties1 ea* travel+ by a diff]5t r\te4 ,a message f a patrol %\ld always %[ 7a7 ! place f :i* x is s5t2 7b7 ! "t x is s5t 7date1 h\r1 & m9ute72 7c7 to :om x is s5t2 7d7 ! message itself2 7e7 :at ! patrol int5ds do+ aft] s5d+ ! message2 7f7 ! "n ( ! s5d]4 ,"u 7d7 c>e mu/ be tak5 to sep>ate :at has actually be5 se5 by ! patrol f in=mation receiv$ f o!r s\rces4 ,c>e mu/ also be tak5 n to exagg]ate :at is se51 b to report only ! exact facts4 ,9 _! conduct patrols ex]cise ! greate/ vigilance to prev5t discov]y4 ,no =mal =mation is or %\ld be prescrib$4 ,"u ! lead]'s guidance x moves s z to gu>d aga9/ surprise1 usually ) po9t & flank]s4 ,to ext5d ! sph]e ( its obs]vation1 /ill small] patrols 7"o or two m57 may be s5t out = %ort di/ances1 communication ) ! lead] be+ ma9ta9$ by signals4 ,:atev] ! =mation adopt$1 x %\ld favor ! escape ( at lea/ "o man 9 case ( surprise4 ,9 patrols ( two to five m5 ! comm&] g5]ally leads4 ,9 ?is =mation few signals are necess>y1 ! m5 simply regulat+ _! movem5ts by 84 ,9 que/ion+ civilians caution is obs]v$ n to disclose in=mation t may be ( value to ! enemy4 ,/rang]s are n all[$ to prec$e ! patrol4 ,patrol l5d]s are au?oriz$ to seize telegrams & mail matt]1 & to arre/ individuals1 report+ ! facts z soon z possible4 ,patrols %\ld obs]ve ev]y?+ = signs ( ! enemy4 ,ev5 app>5t trifles may be ( great value4 ,! f9d+ ( a coll> ornam5t %[+ a man's regim5t may enable ! *ief ( /aff to det]m9e t ! enemy has be5 re5=c$4 ,patrols %\ld n travel on ! ma9 roads if !y c obs]ve !m & at ! same "t make ! necess>y progress by mov+ "s di/ance to ! side ( ! roads4 ,unless 9 case ( attack or ( great p]sonal dang]1 no memb] ( ! patrol %\ld fire on ho/ile troops )\t ord]s f ! patrol lead]4 ,:5 s5t out to ga9 in=mation1 patrols %\ld avoid fight+ unless x is absolutely necess>y 9 ord] to c>ry out _! ord]s4 ,villages & inclosures involv+ dang] ( surprise are ent]$ ) precaution1 & = brief p]iods only4 ,halts are made at po9ts af=d+ good view1 & ! c\ntry is /udi$ 9 all directions1 l&m>ks to ! re> be+ impress$ on ! m9ds ( ! m5 s t ! way back c be readily f\nd2 ! lead] consults 8 map & locates himself !reon4 ,:5 a patrol is scatt]$ x reassembles at "s place previ\sly select$2 if *eck$ 9 "o direction1 x takes ano!r2 if cut (f1 x returns by a det\r or =ces its way ?r\gh4 ,z a la/ resort1 x scatt]s s t at lea/ "o man may return ) in=mation4 ,patrols ne>+ _! own l9es %\ld m>* at a walk unless press$ by ! enemy4 ,occasionally x is advisable fur ! lead] to conceal 8 patrol & cont9ue ! reconnoissance ) "o or two companions4 ,patrols f> f _! comm&s or 9 contact ) ! enemy (t5 rema9 out ov]night4 ,9 su* cases !y seek a place ( concealm5t1 proce$+ !reto aft] nightfall or "u cov]4 ,:5 ! enemy is enc\nt]$ x is v necess>y to locate 8 ma9 =ce4 ,in=mation is p>ticul>ly desir$ ( 8 /r5g?1 :e!r he has infantry1 cavalry1 & artill]y1 ! r\te & direction ( 8 m>*1 or ! location ( 8 camp & l9e ( outpo/s4 ,du/ cl\ds indicate mov+ bodies4 ,infantry raises a l[1 ?ick cl\d2 cavalry a high ?9 cl\d2 artill]y & wagons a brok5 cl\d4 ,! k9d ( troops1 direction ( m>*1 & approximate /r5g? may ?us sometimes be r\ghly e/imat$4 ,if f "s position a body ( troops c be se5 m>*+ along 9 column1 ! exact "t 9 m9utes & seconds x requires = !m to pas a c]ta9 po9t %\ld be not$1 toge!r ) ! =mation !y are 91 ?us3 ,infantry1 column ( squads1 ?ree m9utes & twelve seconds2 cavalry1 columns ( twos at a trot1 "o m9ute & tw5ty seconds2 wagons1 f\r-mule1 five m9utes4 ,f ?is in=mation ! /r5g? c be det]m9$ by ! foll[+ rule3 ,assum+ t infantry 9 column ( squads occupy half a y>d p] man1 cavalry 9 column ( f\rs #a y>d p] man1 & artill]y & wagons 9 s+le column #bj y>ds p] gun1 caisson1 or wagon1 a giv5 po9t w\ld be pass$ 9 "o m9ute by ab\t-- #age infantry4 #aaj cavalry at a walk4 #bjj cavalry at a trot4 #e guns1 caissons1 or wagons4 ,= troops 9 column ( twos1 take "o-half ( ! above e/imate4 ,patrols %\ld always obs]ve ! c\ntry m>*$ ov]1 ) a view to mak+ a report on ! same4 ,! foll[+ in=mation is always ( value3 ,,roads4--,direction2 k9d1 :e!r dirt1 gravel1 macadam1 etc42 wid?1 :e!r suitable = column ( squads1 etc42 bord]1 :e!r f5c$ ) /one1 b>b$1 wire1 rails1 etc42 /eepness 9 cross+ hills & valleys2 :]e !y pass ?r\gh defiles & along comm&+ heights4 etc42 crossroads4 ,,surr\nd+ ,,c\ntry4--,:e!r g5]ally op5 & passable = infantry1 cavalry1 & artill]y1 or :e!r brok5 & impassable1 due to f5ces1 woods1 crops1 rav9es1 etc4 ,,railroads4--,s+le or d\ble track1 n>r[ or broad gauge1 tunnels1 bridges1 cuts1 direction1 /ations1 etc4 ,,bridges4--,mat]ial1 wood1 /one1 /eel1 etc43 l5g? & bread?2 numb] & k9d ( pi]s or supports4 ,,riv]s4--,direction2 wid?1 dep?2 k9d ( bottom1 su* z mud1 s&1 rocky1 etc43 banks1 /eep or g5tle1 op5 or wood$2 rapidity ( curr5t2 v>iations 9 dep? at diff]5t times z indicat$ by driftwood & high-wat] m>ks2 isl&s2 heights 9 vic9ity comm&+ /reams4 ,,woods4--,ext5t & %ape2 k9d ( trees2 free f und]bru% or n2 cle>+s1 roads1 swamps1 rav9es1 etc4 ,,telegraph ,,l9es4--,numb] ( wires1 along ronds or railroads1 /ations1 etc4 ,,villages4--,size1 k9d ( h\ses1 nature ( /reets1 means ( def5se1 etc4 ,,hills ,,& ,,ridges4--,:e!r slopes are g5tle or /eep2 :e!r top is n>r[ or wide2 :e!r gr\nd is brok5 or smoo?1 wood$ or cle>2 :e!r difficult or easy to cross1 etc42 :e!r comm&$ by o!r hills4 ,,defiles4--,_! direction1 l5g?1 & wid?2 :e!r surr\nd+ heights are passable = infantry & artill]y2 k9d ( c\ntry at ea* op5+ ( ! defile1 etc4 ,,rav9es1 ,,dit*es1 ,,etc4--,wid? & dep?2 banks1 :e!r passable = infantry1 cavalry1 & wagons2 :e!r suitable = tr5*es1 or = movem5t ( troops !re91 etc4 ,9 g5]al1 e soldi] %\ld be con/antly on ! look\t to obta9 in=mation t might be ( "s milit>y value4 ,rememb] t in=mation ( ! enemy & ( ! c\ntry is wor?less unless made kn[n to ! prop] (ficials 9 "t to be ( use4 ,e soldi] %\ld be able to f9d 8 way 9 a /range c\ntry2 %\ld "k h[ to use a compass2 %\ld "k h[ to locate ! ,nor? ,/>2 %\ld be able to travel across c\ntry1 keep+ a giv5 direction1 bo? by day & by night1 & by obs]v+ l&m>ks he %\ld be able to return to ! />t+ po9t ei!r ov] ! same r\te or by a m circuit\s "o4 ,?is c easily be le>n$ by a little practice4 ,x adds a great deal to ! value ( a soldi] if he kn[s h[ to use a map to f9d 8 way4 ,if he kn[s h[ to make a r\gh sket* ( ! c\ntry1 %[+ ! position ( roads1 /reams1 woods1 railroads1 bridges1 h\ses1 villages1 fields1 f5ces1 hills1 etc41 he has add$ to 8 value z a soldi] v mu*1 inde$1 because a r\gh sket* ( a c\ntry w give m & bett] in=mation at a glance ?an c be obta9$ by read+ _m pages ( writt5 description4 ,,patroll+ is "o ( ! mo/ important duties a soldi] c le>n4 ,any enli/$ man :o und]/&s ?or\ghly 8 duties z a memb] ( a patrol w und]/& also mo/ ( 8 duties :5 ) advance or re> gu>ds or :5 on outpo/ duty4 ,patroll+ c n be le>n$ m]ely by read+ books nor by "w indoors4 ,?or\ghness comes only by actually go+ out 9 ! c\ntry & act+ z a patrol4 ,9 c>ry+ out ?is idea ! foll[+ s*eme is recomm5d$3 ,let f\r or m m5 & a noncommission$ (fic] act z a patrol4 ,!y assemble at a c]ta9 "t1 at a conv5i5t po9t on "s c\ntry road4 ,an (fic]1 :om we w call ,capta9 ,a1 acts z ! director2 ! noncommission$ (fic]1 :om we w call ,s]geant ,b1 acts z patrol lead]2 & ! o!rs 7,privates ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 etc47 act z memb]s ( ,s]geant ,b's patrol4 ,assume t ! company 7battalion4 etc47 has j made camp 9 ?is vic9ity f9d t ! inhabitants are fri5dly 7or ho/ile74 ,capta9 ,a indicates to ! re/ ( ! m5 :]e ! camp is situat$ & po9ts out :]e ! v>i\s s5t9els are po/$4 7,?is 9 itself af=ds an opportunity = mu* discussion & = tea*+ _m valuable lessons47 ,capta9 ,a !n calls up ,s]geant ,b & tells him-- 7a7 ,j :at in=mation ,capta9 ,a has ( ! enemy1 & also any in=mation ( ! c\ntry or ( fri5dly troops 9 ! vic9ity t might be ( s]vice to ,s]geant ,b4 7b7 ,h[ _m m5 he %all take = ! patrol 7?is is ano!r problem = ,capta9 ,a to solve74 ,any m5 pres5t n us$ z "p ( ! patrol g along ) ,capta9 ,a z obs]v]s4 7c7 ,h[ f> he %all g & :at c\ntry he %all cov] ) ! patrol4 7d7 ,j :at in=mation x is p>ticul>ly desir$ he %all obta94 7e7 ,:]e he %all s5d 8 messages & :5 he %all return4 ,example #a3 ,s]geant ,b1 x has j be5 report$ to me t a company ( ho/ile infantry 0 9 camp la/ night at ,x1 ab\t #e miles f "h on ?is road4 ,take #e m5 & proce$ t[>d ,x & f9d out :e!r ! enemy is /ill !re1 & if n1 :5 he left & :]e he w5t4 ,s5d messages to me "h1 & return by #h o'clock ?is ev5+4 ,example #b3 ,s]geant ,b1 ,i ?9k ,i he>d ! fir+ ( field guns ov] 9 t direction a %ort :ile ago4 ,take #f m5 & proce$ to t high hill y see ov] !re ab\t #d miles away4 ,s5d a message to me "h :5 y rea* !re4 ,y may g f>!r if y !n ?9k x advisable1 b return be=e daylight4 ,i desire p>ticul>ly to "k if !re are any ho/ile troops 9 ?is vic9ity1 especially artill]y4 ,i %all s5d ,s]geant ,x ) #c m5 to obs]ve ! c\ntry f t hill y see ov] !re f>!r to ! s\?4 ,he w rema9 !re till d>k4 ,s5d messages to me "h4 ,if ! company is n "h on y\r return y w f9d a note = y und]nea? ?is rail4 ,example #c3 ,s]geant ,b1 ?is fri5dly c\ntry boy has j report$ t f\r ho/ile cavalrym5 /opp$ ab\t half an h\r ago at 8 fa!r's h\se1 :i* he says is ab\t #b miles up ?is road4 ,"o ( ! m5 seem$ to be v sick4 ,y w select eight m5 f y\r section & endeavor to capture ^! m54 ,if !y h disappe>$ y w reconnoit] 9 t vic9ity until d>k4 ,?is boy w accompany y z a guide4 ,i desire p>ticul>ly to le>n ! position1 /r5g?1 & composition ( any ho/ile troops 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,s5d reports to me "h4 ,return be=e daylight4 ,example #d3 ,s]geant ,b1 "h is a map ( ! c\ntry 9 ?is vic9ity on a scale ( #a in* to ! mile4 ,"h is :]e we are camp$ indicat+ position on map4 ,i h j le>n$ t =ag+ p>ties ( ! enemy are collect+ supplies ov] "h at ,x indicat+ po9t on map1 :i* is #aj miles (f 9 t direction po9t+ across c\ntry t[>d ,x4 ,x is report$ t ?is bridge ov] ?is /ream indicat+ same on ! map :i* is ab\t #c miles d[n ?is road indicat+ road & direction on ! gr\nd1 has be5 de/roy$4 ,y w take ?ree m5 f y\r platoon & v]ify ?is report4 ,y w also reconnoit] ! /ream = a di/ance ( #a mile bo? above & bel[ ! bridge = =ds suitable = infantry4 ,messages w rea* me "h4 ,return by #h o'clock to-night4 ,s]geant ,b !n inspects 8 m5 & gives !m _! in/ructions4 ,! patrol is !n =m$ & moves out exactly z x w\ld "u actual w> conditions4 ,capta9 ,a may halt 7& assemble if desirable7 ! patrol at int]vals 9 ord] to discuss ! =mation us$ & ! movem5t ( any memb]s ( ! patrol1 _! r\te1 use ( cov]1 etc41 ) ! reasons !re=1 & comp>e ! same ) sugge/$ modifications ( ! =mations1 etc4 ,aft] ! discussion1 ! patrol is aga9 set 9 motion4 ,capta9 ,a may accompany any "p ( ! patrol4 ,f "t to "t he pres5ts c]ta9 situations to "s memb] ( ! patrol1 be+ v c>eful to assume only su* situations z might naturally occur4 ,?us1 take ,example #a3 ,capta9 ,a is ) ,s]geant ,b1 :o1 ) ,private ,c1 is m>*+ along ! road z ! po9t ( ! patrol4 ,! o!r memb]s ( ! patrol are di/ribut$ to suit ! nature ( ! c\ntry ov] :i* ! patrol is m>*+4 ,! po9t has j rea*$ a ridge beyond :i* ! c\ntry is op5 & cultivat$ = ab\t half a mile4 ,beyond ?is ! road ent]s a woods4 ,capta9 ,a n[ says3 ,s]geant ,b1 f ?is po9t y see two soldi]s 9 khaki on ! road !re at ! beg9n+ ( t cornfield ab\t #bjj y>ds f ! woods po9ts out same4 ,!y are mov+ 9 ?is direction4 ,ab\t #bjj y>ds to ! "r ( ^! f9d some:at f>!r to _! re> y see two m m5 mov+ along t rail f5ce4 ,s]geant ,b n[ does exactly z he w\ld d 9 actual w>4 ,h[ does he signal to 8 patrol8 ,does he assemble 8 m58 ,if s1 h[ & :]e8 ,does he s5d a message back to camp2 & if s1 by :om1 & is x writt5 or v]bal8 7,if writt51 ,s]geant ,b actually writes x & deliv]s x to ,private ----1 ) ! necess>y in/ructions4 ,if v]bal1 x is actually giv5 to ,private ---- ) in/ructions47 ,capta9 ,a mu/ 9 ?is case make notes ( :at ! message 04 ,9 ei!r case1 ,private ---- ceases to be a memb] ( ! patrol & jo9s ,capta9 ,a z an obs]v]4 ,he %\ld1 h[ev]1 at "s lat] "t be requir$ to repeat 8 message to ,capta9 ,a1 on ! assumption t he _h rea*$ camp ) ! same4 ,! message1 :e!r oral or writt51 %\ld be ?or\ghly analyz$ & discuss$4 ,0 x prop] to s5d a message at ?is "t8 ,does ,s]geant ,b int5d to rema9 9 obs]vation2 if s1 h[ long8 7,capta9 ,a c give su* in=mation f "t to "t conc]n+ ! ho/ile patrol z ,s]geant ,b might reasonably be suppos$ to le>n 9 view ( 8 dispositions4 ,9 ord] t ,capta9 ,a may pres5t natural assumptions1 x is v ess5tial t 9 8 own m9d he %\ld1 at ! outset1 assume a situation = ! ho/ile =ces & t he %\ld consid] himself z 9 comm& ( all ho/ile troops4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> case he %\ld assume himself to be 9 comm& ( ! ho/ile patrol1 act+ "u c]ta9 specifi$ ord]s simil> to examples giv51 & he %\ld conduct ?is patrol 9 8 own m9d 9 accordance ) ^! ord]s1 giv+ ,s]geant ,b only su* in=mation z he might reasonably be expect$ to obta9 9 view ( :atev] action ,s]geant ,b takes47 ,w ,s]geant ,b attempt to capture ?is patrol8 ,if s1 h[8 ,w he avoid fight+ & attempt to pass x unobs]v$2 & if s1 h[ & :y8 ,9 ?is mann] ! ex]cise is cont9u$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to h ! patrol lead] or memb]s /ate :at !y w\ld d1 b !y mu/ actually d x4 ,explanations & discussions may take place lat]4 ,9 a simil> mann] ! director may in=m ,s]geant ,b 7or any memb] ( ! patrol7 t ?is ho/ile patrol is foll[$ by a squad 7on ! assumption t x is ! lead+ unit ( an advance gu>d71 & ! ex]cise is !n cont9u$ along ^! l9es4 ,! foll[+ are examples ( assumption t might be made & c>ri$ out3 7a7 ,t ! patrol is unexpect$ly fir$ ^u4 7b7 ,t "o or m ( ! patrol is w\nd$4 7c7 ,t a prison] is captur$ 7let an obs]v] act z prison]74 7d7 ,t a fri5dly inhabitant gives c]ta9 in=mation4 7e7 ,t a du/ cl\d is se5 9 ! di/ance ov] ! trees4 7f7 ,t a column ( troops c be se5 m>*+ along a di/ant road4 7g7 ,t an ab&on$ camp is discov]$ & c]ta9 signs not$4 7h7 ,t ! patrol is attack$ by a sup]ior =ce & compell$ to scatt]4 ,!re is practically no end to ! numb] ( reasonable assumptions t may be made4 ,company (fic]s may use ?is me?od ( in/ruct+ non-commission$ (fic]s 9 patroll+1 advance & re> gu>d duty1 outpo/s1 & 9 squad lead+1 9 writ+ messages1 9 select+ positions = tr5*es1 & 9 con/ruct+ & conceal+ same4 ,?is =m ( in/ruction is call$ a tactical walk4 ,x is v greatly us$ by all =eign armies4 ,ex]cises along ! same g5]al l9es are conduct$ = field & /aff (fic]s & ev5 g5]al (fic]s1 & are call$ tactical rides & /rategical rides1 dep5d+ ^u _! object4 ,aft] "s pr(ici5cy has be5 atta9$ z a result ( ^! tactical walks1 ! greate/ int]e/ & en?usiasm c be awak5$ 9 ?is "w by s5d+ out two patrols ! same day1 "o to op]ate aga9/ ! o!r4 ,ea* %\ld we> a di/9ctive uni=m4 ,! /r5g? ( ea* patrol1 its />t+ po9t1 r\te to be foll[$1 & its ord]s %\ld all be unkn[n to ! o!r patrol4 ,if blank ammunition is us$1 an (fic] %\ld sup]vise its issue & c>efully inspect to see t no man c>ries any ball c>tridges4 ,"o umpire %\ld accompany ! comm&] ( ea* p>ty4 ,ea* umpire %\ld be fully in=m$ ( ! /r5g?1 ord]s1 & r\te ( bo? patrols4 ,he mu/1 h[ev]1 c>efully avoid giv+ sugge/ions or (f]+ any in=mation to ! comm&]4 ,obs]v]s 9 ^! small maneuv] problems are g5]ally 9 ! way & none %\ld be p]mitt$ to be along4 ,^! small maneuv]s may be gradually develop$ by hav+ "o side e/abli% al outpo/ or fight a delay+ action1 etc4 ,x %\ld always be rememb]$ t !re is no h>d & fa/ rule prescrib+ h[ a patrol ( ?ree1 five1 or any numb] ( m5 %\ld m>*4 ,! same is equally true ( advance gu>ds1 & applies also to ! e/abli%m5t ( outpo/s4 ,x is simply a "q ( common s5se bas$ on milit>y k4 ,don't try to rememb] any diagrams 9 a book4 ,?9k only ( :at y h be5 ord]$ to d & h[ be/ y c h&le y\r m5 to accompli% y\r mission1 & at ! same "t save ! m5 f any unnecess>y h>d%ips4 ,nev] use two or m m5 to d :at "o c d j z well1 & don't let y\r m5 get beyond y\r control4 ,9 addition to ! signals prescrib$ 9 ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 ! foll[+ %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood by ! memb]s ( a patrol4 ,enemy 9 sight 9 small numb]s1 hold rifle above ! head horizontally2 enemy 9 =ce1 same proce$+1 rais+ & l[]+ ! rifle sev]al times2 take cov]1 a d[nw>d motion ( ! h&4 ,o!r signals may be agre$ ^u1 b !y mu/ be famili> to ! m52 complicat$ signals are avoid$4 ,signals mu/ be us$ cauti\sly s z n to convey in=mation to ! enemy4 ,,section #d4 ,,advance ,,gu>ds4 ,! advance gu>d is a deta*m5t ( ! ma9 body :i* prec$es & cov]s x on ! m>*4 ,! prim>y duty ( an advance gu>d is to insure ! safe & un9t]rupt$ m>* ( ! ma9 body4 ,specifically its duties are3 #a4 ,to gu>d aga9/ surprise & furni% in=mation by reconnoit]+4 #b4 ,to pu% back small p>ties ( ! enemy & prev5t _! obs]v+1 fir+ ^u1 or delay+ ! ma9 body4 #c4 ,to *eck ! enemy's advance 9 =ce long en\gh to p]mit ! ma9 body to prep>e = action4 #d4 ,:5 ! enemy is enc\nt]$ on ! def5sive1 to seize a good position & locate 8 l9es1 c>e be+ tak5 n to br+ on a g5]al engagem5t unless ! advance gu>d comm&] is emp[]$ to d s4 #e4 ,to remove ob/acles1 repair ! road1 & favor 9 e way ! /eady m>* ( ! column4 ,! /r5g? ( ! advance gu>d w v>y ) ! proximity ( ! enemy & "* ( ! c\ntry2 = a regim5t x w g5]ally consi/ ( f two companies to a battalion1 = a battalion ( "o company2 = a company ( f a squad to a platoon4 ,! advance gu>d comm&] is responsible = ! prop] p]=mance ( ! duties ) :i* x is *>g$ & = its conduct & =mation4 ,! advance gu>d provides = its security & ga9s in=mation by ?r[+ out to ! front & flanks small] bodies4 ,ea* "p mu/ keep 9 t\* ) ! unit f :i* x is s5t out4 ,an advance gu>d is g5]ally divid$ into a res]ve & a support2 :]e x consi/s ( less ?an a battalion1 ! res]ve is g5]ally omitt$4 ,! support s5ds =w>d an advance p>ty1 :i*1 9 turn1 s5ds =w>d a po9t4 ,9 small advance gu>ds ! po9t prec$es ! advance p>ty ab\t #aej y>ds1 ! advance p>ty ! support ab\t #cjj y>ds1 & ! support ! ma9 body ab\t #djj y>ds4 ,:]e advance gu>ds are l>ge en\gh to require a res]ve ^! di/ances are increas$ ab\t "o-f\r?1 ! res]ve foll[+ ! support1 ! ma9 body foll[+ ! res]ve at a di/ance v>y+ f #ejj to #hjj y>ds4 ,unless ! c\ntry to ! flanks is di/9ctly visible f ! roads = a di/ance ( :at may be said to be effective rifle fire1 approximately #a1jjj y>ds1 flank+ patrols ( two or ?ree m5 ea* %\ld be s5t out f ! advance p>ty1 &1 :5 9 proximity ( ! enemy1 9 addition f ! support4 ,:5 ! nature ( ! c\ntry is su* t patrols may move across c\ntry )\t undue ef=t & fatigue ^! patrols %\ld m>* at a di/ance ( f #bjj to #cjj y>ds f ! flank ( ! body f :i* deta*$4 ,= ! exam9ation ( any object1 su* z a wood1 build+s1 etc41 exam9+ patrols %\ld be s5t out f ! ma9 body4 ,! usual me?od ( protect+ ! flanks1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! c\ntry is at all cut up or difficult1 is to s5d out patrols f "t to "t to "s po9t f :i* a good outlook c be obta9$1 or :i* w af=d protection to ! enemy4 ,^! patrols rema9 9 obs]vation until ! advance gu>d has pass$1 :5 !y rejo9 ! ne>e/ subdivision1 z quickly z possible work+ _! way to t to :i* !y belong dur+ ! halts4 ,by s5d+ out a succession ( small patrols 9 ?is mann] ! flanks are protect$4 ,%\ld ! advance p>ty become deplet$1 x mu/ be re5=c$ f ! support4 ,a battalion act+ z advance gu>d w\ld h two companies 9 res]ve & two 9 support4 ,! support w\ld s5d =w>d z advance p>ty two platoons1 ! advance p>ty 9 turn s5d+ =w>d z po9t "o squad4 ,a company act+ z advance gu>d w\ld h no res]ve & w\ld s5d =w>d z advance p>ty "o platoon4 ,cases may arise :5 ! be/ means ( cov]+ ! head & flanks ( ! column w be by a l9e ( skirmi%]s ext5d$ at int]vals ( f #e to #ej y>ds1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 pass+ ?r\gh high corn1 und]bru%1 etc4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ! pr9cipal duty ( ! advance gu>d is to secure ! un9t]rupt$ m>* ( ! ma9 body4 ,if ! po9t is fir$ ^u1 x %\ld at once deploy & endeavor to advance fight+4 ,! flank]s %\ld assi/ 9 ?is & endeavor to locate ! enemy's flank %\ld !re be su* resi/ance t advance 0 impossible4 ,ea* succe$+ body %\ld m>* promptly =w>d1 & 9 turn be plac$ 9 action1 ) ! idea ( cle>+ ! way = ! advance ( ! ma9 body4 ,%\ld ?is be impossible1 ! comm&] ( ! entire body mu/ det]m9e :at measures he w take4 ,,section #e4 ,,re> ,,gu>ds4 ,a re> gu>d is a deta*m5t detail$ to protect ! ma9 body f attack 9 re>4 ,9 a retreat x *ecks pursuit & enables ! ma9 body to increase ! di/ance betwe5 x & ! enemy & to re-=m if disorganiz$4 ,! g5]al =mation is t ( an advance gu>d rev]s$4 ,its comm&] %\ld take advantage ( e favorable opportunity to delay ! pursu]s by ob/ruct+ ! road or by tak+ up specially favorable positions f :i* to =ce ! enemy to deploy4 ,9 ?is latt] case c>e mu/ be tak5 n to become s closely engag$ z to r5d] )drawal unnecess>ily difficult4 ,! position tak5 %\ld be select$ ) ref]5ce to ease ( )drawal & ability to br+ ! enemy "u fire at long ranges4 ,,section #f4 ,,flank ,,gu>ds4 ,a flank gu>d is a deta*m5t detail$ to cov] ! flank ( a column m>*+ pa/1 or across ! front (1 an enemy4 ,x may be plac$ 9 position to protect ! passage1 or x may be s m>*$ z to cov] ! passage4 ,! object ( ! flank gu>d is to hold ! enemy 9 *eck long en\gh to enable ! ma9 body to pass1 or1 l ! advance gu>d1 to enable ! ma9 body to deploy4 ,l all o!r deta*m5ts1 x %\ld be no l>g] ?an is necess>y1 & %\ld n be detail$ except :5 its protection is requir$4 ,:5 a flank gu>d consi/s ( a regim5t or less1 its di/ance f ! ma9 body %\ld n exce$ a mile & a half4 ,practicable communication mu/ exi/ betwe5 x & ! ma9 body4 ,! flank gu>d is m>*$ z a sep>ate comm&2 t is1 ) advance or re> gu>ds1 or bo?1 z circum/ances dem&1 & ) patroll+ on ! expos$ flank4 ,,section #g4 ,,outpo/s4 ,troops n on ! m>* provide = _! security by outpo/s4 ,! g5]al duties ( an outpo/ are reconnoissance1 obs]vation1 & resi/ance4 ,! specific duties are3 #a4 ,to protect ! ma9 body1 s t ! troops may re/ undi/urb$4 #b4 ,9 case ( attack1 to *eck ! enemy long en\gh to enable ! ma9 body to make ! necess>y dispositions4 ,dur+ an advance ! outpo/s are usually detail$ f ! advance gu>d4 ,dur+ ! retreat ! outpo/ = ! night usually =ms ! re> gu>d ! next day4 ,if ! comm& rema9s 9 biv\ac1 ! new outpo/ g5]ally goes on duty at daybreak4 ,! vigilance ( outpo/ troops mu/ be unceas+1 b !y %\ld avoid br++ on combats or unnecess>ily al>m+ ! comm&4 ,fir+ di/urbs ! re/ ( troops &1 if frequ5tly indulg$ 91 ceases to be a w>n+4 ,no trumpet signals except to arms or to horse are s\nd$1 & all unnecess>y noises mu/ be avoid$4 ,z a rule an outpo/ w n exce$ "o-six? ! /r5g? ( a comm&4 ,= a s+le company a few s5t9els & patrols w suffice2 = a l>g] comm& a m elaborate sy/em mu/ be devis$4 ,! troops compos+ ! outpo/ are g5]ally divid$ into a res]ve & sev]al supports4 ,at a prop] di/ance 9 front ( ! camp ( ! ma9 body a l9e :i* (f]s a good def5sive position is select$4 ,?is is call$ ! ,,l9e ,,( ,,resi/ance1 & %\ld he s locat$ t an advanc+ enemy w be held 9 *eck beyond effective rifle range 9 case ( a small =ce1 artill]y range 9 case ( a l>ge =ce1 ( ! ma9 body until ! latt] c deploy4 ,! res]ve is /ation$ at "s po9t 9 re> ( ?is l9e1 :]e x c be mov$ quickly to re9=ce any po9t z ne$$4 ,! l9e ( resi/ance is divid$ into sections1 ! limits ( ea* ( :i* are cle>ly def9$4 ,a support is assign$ to ea* section1 :i* are numb]$ f "r to left1 & occupies a position on or ne> ! l9e1 hav+ special reg>d to cov]+ av5ues ( approa*4 ,! position occupi$ %\ld always be intr5*$4 ,! res]ve & supports proce$ to _! respective positions by ! %orte/ r\tes1 provid+ = _! own protection by s5d+ out cov]+ deta*m5ts4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ab\t "o-half ! ,infantry ( ! advance gu>d %\ld be 9 ! supports4 ,z ea* support arrives at its position x s5ds out obs]vation gr\ps1 v>y+ 9 size f f\r m5 to a platoon1 to wat* ! c\ntry 9 ! direction ( ! enemy4 ,^! gr\ps are call$ outgu>ds4 ,= conv5i5ce !y are classifi$ z pickets1 s5try squads1 & cossack po/s1 & %\ld be suffici5t 9 numb] to cov] ! front ( ! section occupi$ by ! support & connect ) ! neighbor+ supports4 ,a picket is a gr\p consi/+ ( two or m squads1 ord9>ily n exce$+ half a company1 po/$ 9 ! l9e ( outpo/s to cov] a giv5 sector4 ,x furni%es patrols & "o or m s5t9els1 s5try squads1 or cossack po/s = obs]vation4 ,pickets are plac$ at ! m important po9ts 9 ! l9e ( outgu>ds1 su* z road =ks4 ,! /r5g? ( ea* dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( small gr\ps requir$ to obs]ve prop]ly its sector4 ,a s5try squad is a squad 7eight m57 po/$ 9 obs]vation at an indicat$ po9t4 ,x po/s a d\ble s5t9el 9 obs]vation1 ! rema9+ m5 re/+ ne> by & furni%+ ! reliefs ( s5t9els4 ,9 "s cases x may be requir$ to furni% a patrol4 ,a cossack po/ consi/s ( f\r m54 ,x is an obs]vation gr\p simil> to a s5try squad1 b employs a s+le s5t9el4 ,z a rule n m ?an "o-?ird ( ! support %\ld be on outgu>d duty4 ,z soon z !y are s5t out to _! po/ions ! support comm&] selects a def5sive position on ! l9e ( resi/ance2 gives in/ruction = intr5*+ same2 e/abli%es a s5t9el to wat* = & transmit signals f outgu>ds2 s5ds out patrols to reconnoit] ! c\ntry to ! front ( 8 section &1 if on ! flank ( ! l9e1 ! flank2 & !n proce$s to make a c>eful reconnoissance ( ! section assign$ him1 rectify+ ! position ( outgu>ds if necess>y1 see+ t !y und]/& _! in/ructions 9 case ( attack or :5 /rang]s approa* _! po/s1 & po9t+ out _! l9es ( retreat 9 case !y are compell$ to fall back on ! support4 ,:5 ! outgu>ds are e/abli%$1 ! memb]s ( ! support may /ack arms & remove equipm5t except c>tridge belts4 ,no fires w be built or smok+ p]mitt$ unless specially au?oriz$1 or no l\d talk+ or o!r noise4 ,all patroll+ to ! front w be done1 z a rule1 f ! support4 ,! support comm&] %\ld locate ! position ( ! adjac5t supports und make arrangem5ts ) ! comm&]s = ! jo9t def5se ( ! l9e ( resi/ance4 ,at nights all roads & trails %\ld be c>efully cov]$ & ! c\ntry to ! front & betwe5 adjac5t outgu>ds well patroll$4 ,! l9e occupi$ by ! outgu>ds is call$ ! ,,l9e ,,( ,,obs]vation4 ,outgu>ds move to _! positions provid+ = _! own protection & s u to conceal ! movem5t f ! enemy4 ,^! positions are intr5*$ & are numb]$ f "r to left 9 ea* support4 ,! duties ( ! outgu>d are to obs]ve ! enemy1 to gu>d ! outpo/ f surprise1 & to make a prelim9>y resi/ance to ! enemy's advance4 ,! /r5g? ( ! outgu>d w v>y accord+ to its object4 ,:5 an important road :i* at night w af=d a l9e ( advance1 or a bridge is to be cov]$1 or :5 sev]al po/s are e/abli%$ f an outgu>d x %\ld be ( consid]able /r5g?1 two squads or a platoon4 ,:5 m]e obs]vation & al>m are all t is requir$ f\r m5 w suffice4 ,a squall is a good unit to use z an outgu>d2 ?is w all[ "o d\ble s5try po/ ( ?ree reliefs & "o man 9 addition to ! comm&]1 :o may be us$ = mess5g] s]vice4 ,! outgu>d %\ld be c>efully conceal$4 ,! utmo/ quiet %\ld be obs]v$1 & !re %\ld be no cook+ or smok+4 ,! int]vals betwe5 outgu>ds w dep5d ^u ! situation & ! t]ra94 ,! l9e ( obs]vation is n necess>ily cont9u\s1 b all av5ues ( approa* mu/ be c>efully gu>d$4 ,! di/ance ( ! outgu>d f ! support likewise is gov]n$ by ! t]ra91 b 9 g5]al may be said to be f #cjj to #djj y>ds4 ,9 ?ick c\ntry or at night outgu>ds patrol along ! l9e ( obs]vation betwe5 po/s4 ,communication betwe5 outgu>ds & ! support is by signal & mess5g]1 9 special cases by wire4 ,memb]s ( ! outgu>d reta9 possession ( _! weapons & d n remove _! equipm5t4 ,s5t9els f ! outgu>d are po/$ s z to avoid obs]vation1 b s t !y may h a cle> look\t & be able to see1 if possible1 by day1 ! s5t9els ( ! adjac5t outgu>ds4 ,d\ble s5t9els are always po/$ ne> en\gh to ea* o!r to communicate easily 9 ord9>y voice4 ,s5t9els are g5]ally on po/ two h\rs out ( six4 ,= e s5t9el & e patrol !re %\ld be ?ree reliefs1 & outgu>ds %\ld be ( a /r5g? suffici5t to all[ ?is4 ,! position ( a s5t9el %\ld be select$ ) ref]5ce to obs]vation4 ,x may be advantage\s to place a s5t9el 9 a tree4 ,s5t9els furni%$ by cossack po/s or s5try squads are kept ne> _! gr\p4 ,^? furni%$ by _! pickets may be kept z f> sa #ajj y>ds away4 ,reliefs1 visit+ patrols1 & inspect+ (fic]s approa* s5t9els f ! re>4 ,a s5t9el on ! l9e ( obs]vation %\ld always h ! foll[+ in/ructions3 ,! names ( villages1 /reams1 & prom95t features 9 sight & :]e ! roads lead4 ,! numb] 7if any7 ( 8 po/1 & ! numb] ( 8 & ( ! adjo9+ outgu>ds2 ! position ( ! support2 ! l9e ( retreat to be foll[$ if ! outgu>d is compell$ to fall back2 ! position ( advance deta*m5ts & :e!r fri5dly patrols are op]at+ 9 front2 to wat* to ! front & flanks )\t int]mission & devote special att5tion to unusual or suspici\s occurr5ces2 if he sees indications ( ! enemy1 to at once notify 8 imm$iate sup]ior2 9 case ( imm95t dang]1 or :5 an attack is made1 to give ! al>m by fir+ rapidly2 by day to pass 9 or out (fic]s1 noncommission$ (fic]s1 & deta*m5ts recogniz$ z "p ( ! outpo/s1 & (fic]s kn[n to h au?ority to d s2 to deta9 all o!rs & notify ! outgu>d comm&]2 at night1 :5 p]sons approa* 8 po/1 to come to a ready1 halt !m1 & notify ! outgu>d comm&]2 ! latt] *all5ges1 asc]ta9s _! id5tity1 & acts accord+ly4 ,:5 individuals fail to halt1 or o!rwise disobey1 to fire ^u !m aft] a second w>n+1 or soon] if !y attempt to attack or escape2 to require des]t]s to lay d[n _! arms1 & rema9 until a patrol is s5t out to br+ !m 92 to ord] des]t]s pursu$ by ! enemy to drop _! arms & to give an al>m2 if !y fail to obey !y are fir$ ^u2 to require be>]s ( flags ( truce & _! escorts to halt & to face outw>d2 to p]mit !m to hold no conv]sation & to see t !y are !n bl9dfold$ & dispos$ ( 9 accordance ) in/ructions f ! support comm&]2 if !y fall to obey to fire ^u !m2 at night1 to rema9 practically /ation>y1 mov+ ab\t = purposes ( obs]vation only2 n to sit or lie d[n unless au?oriz$ to d s2 9 ! daytime1 to make use ( natural or artificial cov] & assume su* positions z to give him ! be/ field ( view2 to in=m pass+ patrols ( :at he has se52 to c>ry 8 weapon habitually load$ & lock$ & at w4 ,outpo/ patrols are divid$ into ^? :i* op]ate beyond ! l9es & ^? ^: duty lies pr9cipally )9 ! l9es4 ,! =m]1 call$ reconnoit]+ patrols1 sc\t 9 ! direction ( ! enemy2 ! latt]1 call$ visit+ patrols1 ma9ta9 communication betwe5 ! p>ts ( ! outpo/ & sup]vise ! p]=mance ( duty on ! l9e ( obs]vation4 ,reconnoissance %\ld be cont9u\s4 ,?\gh sc\ts & deta*m5ts ( cavalry rema9 9 contact ) ! enemy1 or at lea/ pu% =w>d to a consid]able di/ance1 m detail$ reconnoissance by infantry patrols 9 ! =egr\nd mu/ n be neglect$4 ,reconnoit]+ patrols are compos$ ( at lea/ two m5 & a skillful lead]1 :o1 9 important cases1 w\ld be an (fic]4 ,!y obta9 in=mation1 asc]ta9 ! pres5ce ( ! enemy1 or discov] 8 approa*4 ,all patrols1 :5 !y cross ! l9e ( obs]vation1 in=m ! ne>e/ s5t9el ( ! direction 9 :i* !y are to advance2 on _! return !y simil>ly report :at !y h se5 ( ! enemy2 signals are agre$ ^u s t !y c be recogniz$ :5 return+4 ,any gr\nd ne> ! l9e ( obs]vation :i* might af=d cov] = troops1 or = sc\ts or spies1 & ! approa* to :i* c n be obs]v$ by s5t9els1 is se>*$ frequ5tly by patrols4 ,def9ite in=mation conc]n+ ! enemy is report$ at once4 ,patrols fire only 9 self-def5se or to give ! al>m4 ,supports on ! flank ( an outpo/ position patrol ! c\ntry on ! expos$ flank4 ,visit+ patrols & reliefs %\ld n m>* 9 ! op51 & !reby expose ! position ( s5t9els4 ,dur+ a m>* 9 ! vic9ity ( ! enemy :5 halts are made1 special measures = protection are tak54 ,:5 ! halt is = a %ort p]iod1 less ?an half an h\r1 ! advance p>ty & support rema9 at ease1 ! po9t & flank]s move to positions f :i* !y c obta9 a good look\t1 & additional patrols may be s5t out f advance p>ties & supports4 ,:]e ! halt is = a p]iod exce$+ half an h\r a ,,m>* ,,outpo/ %\ld be =m$4 ,) an advance gu>d consi/+ ( a battalion1 #b companies 9 ! res]ve1 #b 9 ! support1 ! latt] hav+ z advance p>ty "o-half a company1 a typical m>* outpo/ w\ld be =m$ z foll[s3 ,! advance p>ty w\ld s5d "o platoon1 f\r or five hundr$ y>ds to ! "r z outgu>d ,no4 #a1 ! rema9+ platoon con/itut+ outgu>d ,no4 #b4 ,a platoon f ! head ( ! support w\ld be s5t a simil> di/ance to ! left z outgu>d ,no4 #c4 ,! balance ( ! support w\ld con/itute ! support ( ! m>* outpo/1 ! res]ve ( ! advance gu>d act+ z res]ve4 ,on signal be+ giv5 to resume ! m>*1 ! v>i\s units w\ld close 91 & z soon z ! advance p>ty _h assembl$ ! m>* w\ld be tak5 up4 ,,section #h4 ,,rifle ,,tr5*es4 ,soldi]s %\ld rememb] t only by act+ vigor\sly on ! (f5sive c an army hope to ga9 ! victory4 ,! def5sive may delay or /op ! enemy1 b x c nev] de/roy him4 ,troops dig because !y are =c$ to halt2 !y d n halt to dig4 ,tr5*es w frequ5tly be con/ruct$1 )\t be+ us$1 & soldi]s mu/ expect ?is z a feature ( campaign+ & accept *e]fully :at at times may appe> z unnecess>y labor4 ,:5 intr5*+ "u fire cov] is fir/ secur$ 9 ! ly+ position1 ea* man scoop+ out a depression = 8 body & ?r[+ ! e>? to ! front4 ,9 ?is position no excavation c be conv5i5tly made = ! legs1 b if "t p]mits ! orig9al excavation is enl>g$ & deep5$ until x is possible to assume a sitt+ position1 ) ! legs cross$ & ! %\ld] to ! p>apet4 ,9 su* a position a man pres5ts a small] t>get to %rapnel bullets ?an 9 ! ly+ tr5* & c fire m com=tably & ) less exposure ?an 9 ! kneel+ tr5*4 ,f ! sitt+ position ! excavation may be cont9u$ until a /&+ tr5* is secur$4 ,! accompany+ plate %[s "s ( ! m common =ms ( tr5*es 9 pr(ile4 ,figure #a is ! simple/ =m ( /&+ tr5*4 ,figure #b %[s ! same tr5* deep5$ 9 re>1 s z to all[ m5 to walk along 9 ! re> 7deep]7 portion ( ! tr5* )\t expos+ _! heads above ! p>apet4 ,figure #c %[s a cov] & fir+ tr5*1 ) a *amb] 9 :i* m5 c f9d %elt] :5 "u heavy artill]y fire4 ,:5 ! excavat$ e>? is easily remov$ figure #d %[s a good pr(ile4 ,! enemy's infantry1 z well z 8 artill]y1 w g5]ally h great difficulty 9 see+ ?is type ( tr5*4 ,! m\nd or bank ( e>? ?r[n up = %elt] 9 front ( a tr5* is call$ ! ,,p>apet4 ,x %\ld be at lea/ #cj in*es ?ick on top1 & ! front %\ld slope gradually1 z %[n 9 ! plate1 s t %ells w t5d to glance f x1 r ?an p5etrate & explode4 ,! top %\ld be cov]$ ) sod1 grass1 or leaves1 s z to hide ! newly turn$ e>?1 :i* c\ld be easily se5 & aim$ at by ! enemy4 ,!re %\ld be no rocks1 loose /ones1 or pebbles on top1 :i* might be /ruck by ! bullets1 spl9t]+ & fly+1 ?us add+ greatly to ! numb] ( dang]\s projectiles1 & (t5 deflect+ bullets d[nw>d into ! tr5*4 ,a /one wall is a v dang]\s ?+ to be beh9d 9 a fight4 ,! portion ( ! gr\nd 9 re> ( ! p>apet & betwe5 ! p>apet & ! tr5* n cov]$ by ! p>apet is to re/ ! elb[s on :5 fir+1 ! rifle be+ re/$ on top ( ! p>apet4 ,to obta9 head cov] 9 a tr5* fill a gunny sack or o!r bag ) s& or soil & place x on top ( ! p>apet1 aim+ ar\nd ! "r-h& side ( x1 or dig a small lat]al tr5* 9 ! p>apet l>ge en\gh to hold ! rifle4 ,ro( x ov] ) bo>ds1 small logs1 or bru%1 & heap dirt on top1 aim+ ?r\gh ! small tr5* or result+ loophole4 ,figure #e %[s ! plan ( a section ( a rifle tr5*4#g ,betwe5 ! portions occupi$ by ea* squad !re is (t5 plac$ a m\nd ( e>? z high z ! top ( ! p>apet & project+ back into ! tr5*4 ,?is is call$ a ,,trav]se & protects ! occupants ( ! tr5* f fire f a flank4 ,bullets f ?is direction hit a trav]se1 in/ead ( fly+ d[n into ! tr5* & w\nd+ sev]al m54 ,footnote #g3 ,! trav]se %\ld be at lea/ #f feet wide in/ead ( #c feet1 z %[n 9 figure #e4 ,tr5*es are seldom cont9u\s1 b are made 9 sections plac$ at ! mo/ advantage\s po9ts1 z %[n 9 figure #f4 ,a company or battalion may occupy a s+le section4 ,! fir+ tr5*es h cov] tr5*es 9 re> ( !m1 :]e ! supports c re/ undi/urb$ by ! ho/ile fire until !y are ne$$ 9 ! fir+ tr5* to repel a s]i\s assault or to take "p 9 a c\nt] attack4 ,passages consi/+ ( deep communicat+ tr5*es facilitate passage f ! cov] tr5*es to ! fir+ tr5*es :5 "u fire4 ,^! communicat+ tr5*es are usually zigzag or trav]s$ to prev5t _! be+ swept by ho/ile fire4 ,:5 troops are likely to rema9 9 tr5*es = a consid]able "t dra9age %\ld be arrang$ =1 & latr9es & dress+ /ations %\ld be con/ruct$ 9 tr5*es4 ,wat] %\ld be br\ght into ! tr5*es & holes excavat$ 9 ! front wall ( ! tr5* = extra ammunition4 ,9 digg+ tr5*es m5 usually "w 9 reliefs1 "o relief digg+ :ile ! o!rs re/1 ! proportion ( %ovel]s to pick m5 be+ ab\t #c to #a4 ,if a pl[ c be obta9$ to turn ! sod1 x w greatly facilitate ! initial "w ( digg+4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,v4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,m>*+ ,,& ,,camp+4 ,,section #a4 ,,break+ ,,camp ,,& ,,prep>ation ,,= ,a ,,m>*4 ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,be=e ,,! ,,m>*4 ,:5 a comm& le>ns t x is to make a m>* on ! foll[+ day1 presumably />t+ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 c]ta9 details %\ld be att5d$ to ! ev5+ be=e4 ,all m5 %\ld fill _! cante5s z !re w probably be no "t = ?is 9 ! morn+4 ,! mess s]geant %\ld f9d out :e!r lun* or ! res]ve ration w be c>ri$ on ! m>* & %\ld att5d to ^! details 9 ! ev5+ 9 ord] t ! issue c be made promptly 9 ! morn+4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d %\ld be giv5 a memor&um z to :at "t to awak5 ! cooks & :]e _! t5t is4 ,! memb] ( ! gu>d :o does ?is %\ld awak5 !m )\t noise s z n to di/urb ! re/ ( ! rema9d] ( ! comm&4 ,! cooks %\ld be in/ruct$ z to :at "t breakfa/ is to be s]v$ & :at "t to awak5 ! fir/ s]geant4 ,! cooks or cook's police mu/ cut & split all firewood = ! morn+ be=e #i p4 m4 ,!re mu/ be no *opp+1 talk+1 or rattl+ ( pans be=e reveille :i* w di/urb ! re/ ( ! comm&4 ,?is applies to e morn+ 9 camp4 ,,! ,,morn+ ,,( ,,! ,,m>*4 ,cooks arise :5 call$ by ! gu>d & />t ! prep>ation ( breakfa/ )\t noise4 ,! fir/ s]geant is usually awak5$ by "o ( ! cooks ab\t half an h\r be=e reveille 9 ord] t he may complete 8 toilet & breakfa/ e>ly & be able to devote all 8 "t to sup]vis+ ! details ( ! morn+'s "w4 ,if ! (fic]s desire to be awak5$ be=e reveille !y w notify ! fir/ s]geant accord+ly4 ,at fir/ call ! m5 turn out1 p]=m _! toilets1 /rike _! %elt] t5ts 7unless x has be5 direct$ to await ! s\nd+ ( ! g5]al = ?is71 & make up _! packs4 ,at ! s\nd+ ( assembly imm$iately aft] reveille ea* man mu/ be 9 8 prop] place 9 ranks4 ,?is assembly is "u arms4 ,! fir/ s]geant />ts to call ! roll or comm&s ,report at ! la/ note ( assembly4 ,arms are /ack$ be=e ! company is dismiss$4 ,breakfa/ is s]v$ to ! company imm$iately aft] roll call4 ,imm$iately aft] breakfa/ ea* man w wa% 8 mess kit 9 ! hot wat] provid$ = t purpose at ! kit*5 & w at once pack ! mess kit 9 8 hav]sack4 ,! cooks w provide hot wat] = wa%+ mess kits at ! same "t t breakfa/ is s]v$4 ,imm$iately aft] breakfa/ ! company proce$s to ! "w ( break+ camp & pack+ 9 accordance ) a pre>rang$ sy/em simil> to ! foll[+3 ,"o squad assi/s ! cooks 9 pack+ ! kit*54 ,"o squad /rikes & folds ! (fic]s' t5ts & br+s !m to ! kit*54 ,"o squad fills 9 ! s9k4 ,! s9k %\ld n be fill$ 9 e>li] ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,"o squad polices ! camp )9 ! company police limits4 ,"o squad is available = possible details f regim5tal headqu>t]s4 ,(fic]s & fir/ s]geant sup]vise ! "w4 ,a p]man5t assignm5t ( squads to ^! duties light5s ! labor & decreases ! "t necess>y = break+ camp4 ,aft] ! break+ ( camp ! entire company is us$ to police camp4 ,m5 %\ld n />t f camp ?ir/y1 b %\ld dr9k all ! wat] !y want imm$iately aft] breakfa/4 ,all cante5s %\ld be fill$ be=e m>*+1 "o man 9 ea* squad be+ detail$ to fill ! cante5s = 8 squad4 ,at assembly = ! m>* ! m5 fall 9 9 re> or ! /acks fully equipp$ = m>*+4 ,,section #b4 ,,m>*+4 ,! pr9cipal "w ( troops 9 ! field consi/s ( m>*+4 ,battles take place only at indef9ite int]vals1 b m>*es are ( daily occurr5ce4 ,x is only by good m>*+ t troops c arrive at a giv5 po9t at a giv5 "t & 9 good condition = battle4 ,! rate ( m>* dep5ds greatly ^u ! condition ( ! roads & ! wea!r1 b ! av]age rate = infantry is ab\t #b-a_/b miles p] h\r4 ,?is all[s = a re/ ( #aj m9utes ea* h\r4 ,! total di/ance m>*$ 9 a day dep5ds n only on ! rate ( m>*1 b ^u ! size ( ! comm&1 l>ge comm&s (t5 cov]+ only ab\t #aj miles a day1 :ile small comm&s easily cov] d\ble t di/ance4 ,9 ord] to make ! m>* ) ! greate/ com=t & ! lea/ dang]1 x is necess>y t ea* unit be kept well 9 h&4 ,ea* man is p]mitt$ & enc\rag$ to make himself z com=table z possible at all times1 except+ only t he mu/ n int]f]e ) ! com=t ( o!rs or ) ! m>* ( ! column4 ,infantry g5]ally m>*es 9 column ( squads1 b on n>r[ roads or trails column ( twos or files is us$4 ,! r\te /ep is habitually us$ :5 sil5ce is n requir$4 ,9 l>ge comm&s1 9 ord] t ! column be kept 9 h&1 x is v necess>y t ea* man keep 8 place 9 ranks & foll[ 8 file lead] at ! prescrib$ di/ance4 ,?is is "o ( ! be/ te/s = det]m9+ ! discipl9e & effici5cy ( troops4 ,! equipm5t %\ld be c>efully adju/$ be=e />t+ out1 & any "p t is n com=table %\ld be re>rang$ at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,! rifle is c>ri$ at w1 except t ! muzzle mu/ be po9t$ up s z n to int]f]e ) ! o!r m54 ,"u no circum/ances w any man leave ! ranks )\t p]mission f 8 company or high] comm&]4 ,if ! abs5ce is to be = m ?an a %ort :ile1 he mu/ be giv5 a pass %[+ 8 "n1 rank1 & organization1 & ! reason he is p]mitt$ to be abs5t4 ,if sick1 x is bett] to wait by ! roadside at "s com=table place = ! arrival ( ! surgeon or ! ambulance4 ,9 any case1 ! soldi] keeps 8 rifle & equipm5t ) him1 if possible4 ,soldi]s abs5t f _! organization )\t a pass w be arre/$ & return$ to _! comm& = puni%m5t4 ,m>*es 9 hot wea!r are p>ticul>ly try+4 ,gre5 leaves or a damp clo? c>ri$ 9 ! hat less5s ! *ance ( sun/roke4 ,! hat %\ld h v5tilators1 & :5 n expos$ to ! direct rays ( ! sun x %\ld be remov$ f ! head4 ,x is well to keep ! clo?+ ab\t ! neck & ?roat op51 & sometimes to turn up ! %irt sleeves s z to leave ! wri/s free4 ,! cante5 %\ld always be fill$ be=e />t+ out4 ,use ! wat] v sp>+ly4 ,none at all %\ld be drunk dur+ ! fir/ ?ree or f\r h\rs ( ! m>*4 ,aft] t take only a few m\?fuls at a "t & wa% out ! m\? & ?roat4 ,except possibly 9 v hot wea!r1 "o cante5 ( wat] %\ld la/ = ! entire day's m>*4 ,excessive wat] dr9k+ on ! m>* w play a man out v quickly4 ,old soldi]s nev] dr9k :5 m>*+4 ,a small pebble c>ri$ 9 ! m\? keeps x moi/ & !re=e r$uces ?ir/4 ,or a small piece ( *ocolate may occasionally be eat54 ,smok+ is v depress+ dur+ a m>*4 ,cante5s w n be refill$ on ! m>* )\t au?ority f an (fic]1 z ! cle>e/ wat]1 :e!r f a well1 spr+1 or runn+ /ream1 may be v impure & ! s\rce ( _m camp diseases4 ,if cante5s are to be refill$1 x %\ld be done by ord]1 & a detail is g5]ally made = ?is purpose4 ,ent]+ ^u private prop]ty )\t p]mission1 or /eal+ fruit1 etc41 f g>d5s & or*>ds1 is a s]i\s milit>y (f5se1 z well z a violation ( ! civil laws4 ,:5 a cook$ meal is c>ri$1 x %\ld n be eat5 until ! prop] "t4 ,a comm& ord9>ily m>*es = #ej m9utes & halts = #aj m9utes4 ,! fir/ halt 9 a day's m>* is = ab\t #ae m9utes1 is made aft] ab\t #cj m9utes' m>*+1 & is = ! express purpose ( all[+ ! m5 to relieve !mselves4 ,m5 :o wi% to d ?is %\ld att5d to x at once & n wait until ! comm& is almo/ ready to m>* aga94 ,at e halt get all ! re/ possible & don't sp5d ! "t w&]+ ar\nd or /&+ ab\t4 ,only gre5 recruits d ?is4 ,if ! gr\nd is dry1 /ret* out at full l5g?1 remov+ ! pack or blanket roll & belt1 & get 9 z com=table position z possible4 ,! next be/ way is to sit d[n ) a good back re/ aga9/ a tree or a f5ce or "s o!r object4 ,nev] sit d[n or lie d[n1 h[ev]1 on wet or damp gr\nd4 ,sit on y\r pack or blanket roll1 or on any?+ else t is dry4 ,at a halt x is v refre%+ to adju/ ! und]clo?+4 ,,section #c4 ,,mak+ ,,camp4 ,on rea*+ ! camp site ! m5 %\ld be all[$ to fall out & re/ z soon z ! arms h be5 /ack$ & ! %elt] t5ts pit*$4 ,if ! blanket rolls h be5 c>ri$ on ! wagons1 !n ! location ( ! front poles ( ! %elt] t5ts %\ld be m>k$ be=e !y are all[$ to fall out4 ,! m5 w n be all[$ to relieve !mselves until s9ks are dug4 ,tempor>y s9ks may be dug ) intr5*+ tools1 if c>ri$4 ,a gu>d %\ld be plac$ ov] ! wat] supply at once4 ,z soon z ! %elt] t5ts are pit*$ ! company proce$s to ! rema9d] ( ! camp "w 9 accordance ) a p]man5t assignm5t simil> to ! foll[+3 ,"o squad helps arrange ! kit*54 ,"o squad pit*es ! (fic]s' t5ts4 ,"o squad digs ! s9k4 ,"o squad procures wood & wat]4 ,"o squad is held available = details f regim5tal headqu>t]s4 ,! (fic]s & fir/ s]geant sup]vise ! "w4 ,! s9ks are locat$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,! detail to dig !m %\ld wait until in=m$ ( ! location4 ,an (fic] %\ld inspect ! s9k z soon z ! detail reports x z complet$4 ,aft] ! camp has be5 put 9 ord] ! fir/ s]geant makes ! details f ro/] = kit*5 police & noncommission$ (fic] 9 *>ge ( qu>t]s = ! next day & = su* gu>d z may be ord]$ = t day4 ,! details call$ = by regim5tal headqu>t]s = pit*+ ! headqu>t]s camp = ! qu>t]ma/]1 etc41 %\ld be report$ to ! adjutant )\t delay4 ,! cooks pit* _! t5t at t end ( ! company /reet ne>e/ ! kit*54 ,space mu/ be left = ?is t5t if ! cooks are n 9 ranks :5 ! company pit*es t5ts4 ,unless lun* has be5 c>ri$ or cook$ dur+ ! m>*1 ! cooks %\ld get to "w on a hot meal z soon z possible4 ,! kit*5 police report at ! kit*5 z soon z _! t5t is pit*$4 ,wood & wat] w be requir$ at once4 ,(fic]s %\ld avoid keep+ ! m5 unnecess>ily "u arms or on _! feet aft] a h>d day's m>*4 ,:5 ! details ( mak+ camp h be5 complet$1 all m5 %\ld at once c>e = _! rifles & feet4 7,= details z to ! c>e ( ! rifle see ,*apt] ,,ii ,section #a1 = ! c>e ( ! feet see ,*apt] ,,iv47 ,,section #d4 ,,camp ,,s]vice ,,& ,,duties4 ,9 camp ,reveille is prec$$ by ,fir/ call1 & a m>* play$ by ! b& or field music1 & is foll[$ imm$iately by ,assembly4 ,if !re is a reveille gun1 x is fir$ at ! fir/ note ( ! m>* & is ! signal = all to arise4 ,! roll is call$ at ! la/ notes ( assembly aft] reveille4 ,at ?is =mation m5 %\ld fall 9 9 ! prop] uni=m--rifle & belt1 s]vice hat1 olive-drab flannel %irt1 s]vice bree*es1 legg+s1 & %oes4 ,! regim5tal comm&] may prescribe t coats are to be worn & w prescribe ! exact uni=m = all drills1 p>ades1 & o!r =mations1 z well z = m5 go+ on pass4 ,imm$iately aft] reveille roll call ! s]geant next 9 rank to ! fir/ s]geant takes comm& ( ! company & deploys x = a g5]al police ( ! camp )9 ! limits assign$ to ! company4 ,m5 pick up all scraps ( pap] & rubbi% ( all k9ds1 deposit+ x 9 ! company inc9]ator or place designat$ = ! purpose4 ,! police limits ( ea* company are usually designat$ z ext5d+ f head to re> ( camp )9 ! space occupi$ by ! company /reet1 includ+ ! gr\nd occupi$ by ! t5ts ( ! company1 no unassign$ space be+ left betwe5 companies4 ,imm$iately aft] breakfa/ m5 police _! t5ts & raise walls ( same4 ,if ! day is fair1 all b$d+ %\ld be spread on ! t5ts = sev]al h\rs' air+4 ,at sick call all m5 :o are sick fall 9 & are m>*$ to ! regim5tal infirm>y1 "u *>ge ( ! noncommission$ (fic] 9 *>ge ( qu>t]s4 ,! noncommission$ (fic] takes ) him ! company sick report previ\sly fill$ 9 & sign$ by ! company comm&]4 ,! surgeon exam9es all ^? report+ & indicates _! /atus on ! sick report4 ,?is /atus may be ,duty 7available = all duty71 ,qu>t]s 7pati5t to rema9 9 t5t or company /reet71 & ,hospital 7pati5t to be s5t to ! hospital74 ,! noncommission$ (fic] !n returns to ! company ) all ! m5 n m>k$ ,hospital & h&s ! sick report to ! fir/ s]geant4 ,at ,drill call ! company prep>es = drill & falls 9 s t x w be completely =m$ at assembly1 :i* is usually s\nd$ #aj m9utes aft] drill call4 ,all m5 are requir$ to att5d drill except ^? excus$ by sick report & ^? specially excus$ f headqu>t]s4 ,! excus$ li/ %\ld include 9 ea* company only ! mess s]geant1 ! two cooks1 "o kit*5 police1 & m5 on regim5tal gu>d4 ,dur+ drill h\rs ! gu>d to be excus$ %\ld be limit$ to a small patrol to gu>d aga9/ fire & ?ieves 9 camp4 ,if ! b$d+ has be5 air$1 x %\ld be tak5 9 imm$iately aft] drill & plac$ 9 ! t5ts neatly fold$4 ,"s "t dur+ ! morn+1 at a "t designat$ by him1 ! company comm&] inspects ! entire company camp4 ,at ?is inspection ! entire /reet %\ld be polic$1 kit*5 9 ord]1 & t5ts polic$1 z foll[s3 ,9 p]man5t camp1 :5 pyramidal1 conical1 or wall t5ts are us$3 ,b$d+ fold$ neatly & plac$ on ! head ( ! cot4 7,if b$ sacks are us$1 !y w be fold$ 9 ?ree folds & ! b$d+ plac$ on top47 ,hats on top ( ! b$d+4 ,%oes "u foot ( cot4 ,surplus kit bag at side ( squad lead]'s cot4 ,equipm5t susp5d$ neatly f a frame arrang$ ar\nd ! t5t pole4 ,rifles 9 rack con/ruct$ ar\nd ! t5t pole4 ,9 %elt]-t5t camp3 ,b$d+ neatly fold$ & plac$ at re> ( t5t1 pon*os und]nea?4 ,equipm5t arrang$ on ! b$d+4 ,rifles laid on b$d+ except :5 us$ z t5t poles4 ,! regim5tal comm&] prescribes ! exact s*eme to be foll[$ 9 ! police ( t5ts4 ,%\ld !re be no p>ade1 retreat roll call is held at ! same h\r4 ,?is roll call is "u arms & is sup]vis$ by an (fic] ( ! company4 ,aft] ! roll call & at ! s\nd+ ( ,retreat1 ! (fic] br+s ! company to p>ade re/ & keeps x 9 ?is position dur+ ! s\nd+ ( ?is call4 ,at ! fir/ note ( ! ,national ,an!m 7,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann]7 or ,to ! ,color ! company is br\ght to att5tion & s /&s until ! end ( ! play+4 ,! (fic] !n reports ! result ( ! roll call to ! adjutant or (fic] ( ! day1 returns to ! company1 inspects ! arms1 & dismisses x4 ,at ! s\nd+ ( ,call to qu>t]s all m5 w repair to _! company /reet4 ,aft] taps has s\nd$ all talk+ mu/ cease & all lights mu/ be ext+ui%$1 & s rema9 until fir/ call = reveille4 ,9 camp all enli/$ m5 are prohibit$ f cross+ ! (fic]s' /reet1 or f visit+ (fic]s' t5ts unless actually engag$ 9 "s duty requir+ !m to d s1 or s5t = by an (fic]4 ,m5 are n all[$ to leave camp )\t a pass sign$ by ! company comm&] & c\nt]sign$ by ! regim5tal adjutant4 ,! fir/ s]geant is sometimes all[$ to give m5 p]mission to leave camp f retreat to taps4 ,! noncommission$ (fic] 9 *>ge ( qu>t]s1 detail$ = #bd h\rs goes on duty ea* day at reveille4 ,he is responsible t ! gr\nds ar\nd ! company are kept 9 prop] police2 t no l\d noise1 di/urbance1 or disord] occurs 9 ! company /reet2 t m5 conf9$ to ! company /reet d n leave ! same )\t prop] au?ority4 ,he reports m5 :o are sick to ! surgeon4 ,he may be requir$ to report all o!r details call$ =4 ,he accompanies ! capta9 9 8 daily inspection ( ! company4 ,he w n leave ! company /reet dur+ 8 t\r ( duty except z provid$ above4 ,"o or two privates are detail$ daily z kit*5 police4 ,!y g on duty at reveille4 ,x is _! duty to assi/ ! cooks 9 ! kit*54 ,!y assi/ 9 ! prep>ation ( meals1 wait on ! table1 wa% di%es1 procure wat] & wood1 *op firewood1 & keep ! kit*51 mess t5t1 & surr\nd+ gr\nd polic$4 ,!y are "u ! ord]s ( ! mess s]geant & ! cooks4 ,rifles ne$ c>eful att5tion 9 camp4 ,!y %\ld be clean$ & oil$ daily1 pref]ably j be=e retreat or p>ade4 ,x is advisable = ea* man to h a canvas cov] to keep (f ! du/ & dampness4 ,9 a %elt]-t5t camp tie ! rifle1 muzzle up1 to ! pole ( ! t5t1 plac+ a *ip ( wood "u ! butt plate & an oily rag ov] 7nev] inside7 ! muzzle4 ,wet %oes %\ld be fill$ ) oats or dry s&1 & set 9 a cool place to dry4 ,nev] dry !m by a fire4 ,uni=ms ne$ special c>e1 z camp s]vice is v h>d on !m4 ,9 a p]man5t camp e man %\ld h two pair ( bree*es4 ,! coat w seldom be worn except at p>ade or retreat4 ,"o pair ( bree*es & ! coat %\ld be kept neat1 clean1 & press$ = use on c]emonies1 inspections1 & :5 go+ on pass4 ,wool5 uni=ms may be clean$ & fre$ f spots by rubb+ ) a flannel rag saturat$ ) gasol9e4 ,cotton uni=ms may be wa%$ ) wat]1 soap1 & a scrubb+ bru%1 wrung out1 & /ret*$1 prop]ly creas$1 on a flat wood surface 9 ! sun to dry4 ,legg+s c be simil>ly wa%$4 ,hats %\ld be clean$ ) gasol9e1 & damp5$ & iron$ to re/ore _! %ape4 ,enli/$ m5 %\ld be v c>eful to obs]ve all ! sanit>y regulations ( ! camp4 ,flies are ! greate/ spread]s ( camp disease4 ,all fecal matt] & food %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ f !m4 ,9 camps extreme precautions are tak5 to scre5 ! s9ks & kit*5s f flies1 & all enli/$ m5 %\ld coop]ate 9 ! ef=t to make ^! precautions successful4 ,"o fly c>ry+ g]ms on 8 feet f ! s9ks to ! food c />t a s]i\s & fatal epidemic 9 a camp4 ,defecat+ on ! gr\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( camp or ur9at+ 9 camp are extremely dang]\s to ! heal? ( ! comm&1 & are s]i\s milit>y (f5ses4 ,at night a ur9al c is provid$ 9 ea* company /reet4 ,9 a p]man5t camp cots or b$ sacks are usually provid$ = ! m5 to sleep on4 ,9 a %elt] t5t camp b$s %\ld be made ( hay1 grass1 leaves1 p9e or spruce b\ghs1 or p9e ne$les1 on top ( :i* ! pon*o & blanket are spread1 ?us s(t5+ ! gr\nd & keep+ ! sleep] away f ! cold & dampness4 ,neglect to prep>e ! b$ :5 sleep+ )\t cot or b$ sack means a loss ( sleep1 & may lead to colds1 b[el disord]s1 & rheumatism4 ,9 wet wea!r t5ts %\ld be dit*$1 & 9 w9dy or cold wea!r dirt may be bank$ ar\nd !m4 ,a place = wa%+ ! p]son & clo!s %\ld be arrang$ = 9 ea* company /reet1 & ! wa/e wat] dispos$ ( by means ( dra9age or rock-fill$ pits4 ,9 dry wea!r ! /reets 9 camp %\ld frequ5tly be spr9kl$ ) wat] to keep d[n ! du/4 ,?is is specially necess>y ar\nd ! kit*54 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,t>get ,,practice4 ,,section #a4 ,,prelim9>y ,,tra9+ ,,9 ,,m>ksman%ip4 ,effective rifle fire is g5]ally :at c\nts mo/ 9 battle4 ,to h effective rifle fire1 ! m5 on ! fir+ l9e mu/ be able to ,,hit :at !y are ord]$ to %oot at4 ,!re is no man :o c n be taught h[ to %oot4 ,x is n necess>y or ev5 desirable to beg9 in/ruction by fir+ on a rifle range4 ,a p]fectly gre5 recruit :o has nev] fir$ a rifle may be made into a good %ot by a little in/ruction & "s prelim9>y drills & ex]cises4 ,be=e a man goes on ! range to fire x is absolutely necess>y t he %\ld "k-- #a4 ,h[ to set ! re> sight4 #b4 ,h[ to sight or aim4 #c4 ,h[ to squeeze ! trigg]4 #d4 ,h[ to hold ! rifle 9 all positions4 ,if he does n "k ^! ?+s x is worse ?an useless = him to fire4 ,he w n improve2 ! m he %oots ! worse he w %oot1 & x w become m difficult to tea* him4 ,,section #b4 ,,sight ,,adju/m5t4 ,m5 mu/ be able to adju/ _! sights correctly & quickly4 ,an error 9 adju/m5t s small t "o c sc>cely see x on ! sight leaf is suffici5t to cause a miss at an enemy at #ejj y>ds & ov]4 ,notice y\r re> sight4 ,:5 ! leaf is laid d[n ! ,,battle ,,sight appe>s on top4 ,?is sight is set = #edg y>ds & is n adju/able4 ,:5 ! leaf is rais$ f\r sights come into view4 ,! extreme range sight = #b1hej y>ds at ! top ( ! leaf is seldom us$4 ,! op5 sight at ! upp] edge ( ! drift slide is adju/able f #a1djj to #b1gej y>ds4 ,to set x ! upp] edge ( ! slide is made to correspond ) ! range read+ on ! leaf1 & ! slide is !n clamp$ ) ! slide screw4 ,?is sight also is seldom us$4 ,! op5 sight at ! bottom ( ! triangul> op5+ 9 ! drift slide is adju/able f #ajj to #b1dej y>ds4 ,to set x ! index l9e at ! l[] corn]s ( ! triangle is set opposite ! range graduation on ! leaf & ! slide clamp$4 ,?is & ! peep sight j bel[ x are ! sights mo/ commonly us$4 ,to set ! peep sight1 ! index l9es on ei!r side ( ! peephole are set opposite ! range desir$ & ! slide clamp$4 ,notice ! scales = ! v>i\s ranges on ei!r side ( ! face ( ! leaf4 ,! odd-numb]$ hundr$s ( y>ds are on ! "r & ! ev5 on ! left4 ,! l9e bel[ ! numb] is ! index l9e = t range4 ,?us to set ! sight = #ejj y>ds ! index l9e ( ! slide is br\ght 9 exact l9e ) ! l9e on ! leaf bel[ ! figure #e & ! slide clamp$4 ,to set = #eej y>ds ! index l9es ( ! slide are set half way betwe5 ! index l9es on ! leaf bel[ ! figure #e on ! "r side & ! figure #f on ! left side4 ,look at y\r sight c>efully :5 sett+ x & take great pa9s to get x exact4 ,an error 9 sett+ ! wid? ( "o ( ! l9es on ! leaf w cause an error ( ab\t #h in*es 9 :]e y\r bullet w /rike at #ejj y>ds4 ,! ,,w9d ,,gauge is adju/$ by means ( ! w9dage screw at ! "r front end ( ! base ( ! sight4 ,ea* graduation on ! w9d-gauge scale is call$ a po9t4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 adju/+ ! l9e ( ea* ?ird po9t on ! scale is long] ?an ! o!rs4 ,if y turn ! w9dage screw s t ! movable base moves to ! "r1 y are tak+ "r w9dage1 :i* w cause y\r rifle to %oot m to ! "r4 ,x is seldom t a rifle w %oot correctly to ! po9t aim$ at at a giv5 range ) ! sights adju/$ exactly to ! scale graduations = t range4 ,if y\r sight is n correctly adju/$ = y\r %oot+ & y wi% to move x slightly to make x correct1 rememb] to move x 9 ! direction y wi% y\r %ot to hit4 ,if y wi% to %oot high] raise y\r sight4 ,if to ! "r1 move ! w9d gauge to ! "r4 ,always move y\r sight ! correct am\nt 9 accordance ) ! foll[+ table3 ,,section #c4 ,,table ,,( ,,sight ,,corrections4 ,%[+to:atext5t!po9t(impactismov$bya*ange (#bey>ds9elevationor#apo9t9w9dage4 ,correction ,correction by a *ange by a *ange ,range4 9 elevation 9 w9dage ( #be y>ds4 ( #a po9t4 -------- -------------- ------------- ,y>ds4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 #ajj #j4gb #d #bjj #a4fb #h #cjj #b4gi #ab #djj #d4bi #af #ejj #f4bb #bj #fjj #h4ei #bd #hjj #ae4dc #cb #a1jjj #be4jh #dj ,an easy rule to rememb] ! w9dage correction by is3 ,a *ange ( #a po9t ( w9d *anges ! po9t ( impact #d in*es = e #ajj y>ds ( range4 ,copy ?is table & take x to ! range ) y4 ,example ( sight adju/m5t3 ,suppose y are fir+ at #ejj y>ds4 ,! fir/ two or ?ree %ots %[ y t y\r %ots are hitt+ ab\t a foot bel[ & a foot to ! "r ( ! c5t] ( ! bull's-eye4 ,f ! above table y w see t if y w raise y\r sight #ej y>ds & move ! w9d gauge half a po9t to ! left ! rifle w be sight$ s t if y aim correctly ! bullets w hit well inside ! bull's eye4 ,,section #d4 ,,aim+4 ,,op5 ,,sight3 ,always align y\r sights ) ! front sight squ>ely 9 ! middle ( ! ,u or not* ( ! re> sight1 & ! top ( ! front sight ev5 ) ! upp] corn]s ( ! ,u4 7,see fig4 #a47 ,all ! sights on ! rifle except ! peep sight are op5 sights4 ,,peep ,,sight3 ,always c5t] ! tip ( ! front sight 9 ! c5t] ( ! peephole :5 aim+ ) ?is sight4 7,see fig4 #b47 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #a4 ,always aim bel[ ! bull's-eye4 ,nev] let y\r front sight appe> to t\* ! bull's-eye 9 aim+4 ,try to see ! same am\nt ( :ite t>get betwe5 ! top ( ! front sight & ! bottom ( ! bull's-eye ea* "t4 ,! eye mu/ be focus$ on ! bull's-eye or m>k & n on ! front or re> sight4 ,look at figures #a & #b until y\r eye reta9s ! memory ( !m1 !n try to duplicate ! picture e "t y aim4 ,aim consi/5tly1 always ! same4 ,nev] *ange y\r aim2 *ange y\r sight adju/m5t if y\r %ots are n hitt+ 9 ! "r place4 ,,section #e4 ,,battle ,,sight4 ,! battle sight is ! op5 sight se5 :5 ! leaf is laid flat4 ,x is adju/$ = a range ( #edg y>ds4 ,x is int5d$ to be us$ 9 battle1 :5 y get ne>] to ! enemy ?an #fjj y>ds4 ,always aim at ! belt ( a /&+ enemy1 or j bel[ him if he is kneel+1 sitt+1 or ly+4 ,on ! t>get range ?is sight is us$ = rapid fire4 ,) x ! rifle %oots ab\t #b feet high at ranges betwe5 #bjj & #djj y>ds1 s y mu/ aim bel[ ! figure on ! t>get ,d4 ,f9d out 9 f\r in/ruction practice j h[ mu* y mu/ aim bel[ to hit ! figure4 ,,section #f4 ,,trigg] ,,squeeze4 ,use ! fir/ jo9t ( ! =e f+] to squeeze ! trigg]4 ,x is ! mo/ s5sitive & be/ controll$ portion ( ! body4 ,z y place ! rifle to y\r %\ld] squeeze ! trigg] s z to pull x back ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in*1 ?us tak+ up ! safety portion1 or slack1 ( ! pull4 ,!n contract ! trigg] f+] gradually1 sl[ly & /eadily increas+ ! pressure on ! trigg] :ile ! aim is be+ p]fect$4 ,cont9ue ! gradual increase ( pressure s t :5 ! aim has become exact ! additional pressure requir$ to release ! po9t ( ! se> c be giv5 almo/ ins5sibly & )\t caus+ any deflection ( ! rifle4 ,put absolutely all y\r m9d & w p[] into hold+ ! rifle /eady & squeez+ ! trigg] (f )\t di/urb+ ! aim4 ,practice squeez+ ! trigg] 9 ?is way e "t y h y\r rifle 9 y\r h& until y c surely & quickly d x )\t a suspicion ( a j]k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #b4 ,by practice ! soldi] becomes famili> ) ! trigg] squeeze ( 8 rifle1 & kn[+ ?is1 he is able to judge at any "t1 )9 limits1 :at additional pressure is requir$ = its dis*>ge4 ,by con/ant repetition ( ?is ex]cise he %\ld be able f9ally to squeeze ! trigg] to a c]ta9 po9t beyond :i* ! slighte/ movem5t w release ! se>4 ,hav+ squeez$ ! trigg] to ?is po9t1 ! aim is correct$1 &1 :5 true1 ! additional pressure is appli$ & ! dis*>ge foll[s & ! bullet flies true to ! m>k4 ,,section #g4 ,,fir+ ,,positions4 ,:5 9 ranks at close ord] ! positions are ^? describ$ 9 ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations4 ,:5 9 ext5d$ ord]1 or :5 fir+ alone1 ^! positions may be modifi$ some:at to bett] suit ! individual4 ,! foll[+ rem>ks on ! v>i\s positions are (f]$ z sugge/ions :]eby /eady positions may be le>n$ by ! soldi]4 ,,/&+ ,,position3 ,face ! t>get1 !n execute "r half face4 ,plant ! feet ab\t #ab in*es ap>t4 ,z y raise ! ride to ! %\ld] lean v slightly backw>d j en\gh to pres]ve ! p]fect balance on bo? feet :i* ! rais+ ( ! rifle has some:at di/urb$4 ,d n lean f> back1 & d n lean =w>d at all4 ,if y\r body is out ( balance x w be "u /ra9 & y w tremble4 ,! "r elb[ %\ld be at ab\t ! height ( ! %\ld]4 ,! left h& %\ld grasp well ar\nd ! /ock & h&gu>d 9 front ( ! re> sight1 & ! left elb[ %\ld be almo/ directly "u ! rifle4 ,! "r h& %\ld d m ?an half ! "w ( hold+ ! rifle up & aga9/ ! %\ld]1 ! left h& only /eady+ & guid+ ! piece4 ,d n try to meet ! recoil2 let ! :ole body move back ) x4 ,d n be afraid to press ! jaw h>d aga9/ ! /ock2 ?is /eadies ! position1 & ! head goes back ) ! recoil & insures t y\r face is n hurt4 ,,kneel+ ,,position3 ,assume ! position v mu* z describ$ 9 ! ,infantry ,drill ,regulations4 ,sit on ! "r heel4 ,! "r knee %\ld po9t directly to ! "r1 t is1 along ! fir+ l9e4 ,! po9t ( ! left elb[ %\ld re/ ov] ! left knee4 ,!re is a flat place "u ! elb[ :i* fits a flat place on ! knee & makes a solid re/4 ,lean ! body well =w>d4 ,?is position is uncom=table until practic$1 :5 x quickly ceases to be uncom=table4 ,,sitt+ ,,position3 ,sit d[n half fac$ to ! "r1 feet f #f to #h in*es ap>t1 knees b5t1 "r knee slightly high] ?an ! left1 left leg po9t$ t[>d ! t>get4 ,re/ bo? elb[s on ! knees1 h&s grasp+ ! piece ! same z 9 ! prone position4 ,?is is a v /eady position1 p>ticul>ly if holes c be f\nd or made 9 ! gr\nd = ! heels4 ,,prone ,,position ,,& ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,gun ,,sl+3 ,to adju/ ! sl+ = fir+1 unhook ! /raight /rap ( ! sl+ & let x out z f> z x w g4 ,adju/ ! loop s t :5 /ret*$ along ! bottom ( ! /ock its re> end 7bight7 comes ab\t opposite ! comb ( ! /ock4 ,a small man ne$s a long] loop ?an a tall man4 ,lie d[n fac+ at an angle ( ab\t #fj deg4 to ! "r ( ! direction ( ! t>get4 ,spread ! legs z wide ap>t z !y w g ) com=t4 ,?ru/ ! left arm ?r\gh betwe5 ! rifle & ! sl+1 & !n back ?r\gh ! loop ( ! sl+1 secur+ ! loop1 by means ( ! keep]1 ar\nd ! upp] left arm z high up z x w g4 ,pass ! h& "u & !n ov] ! sl+ f ! left side1 & grasp ! /ock & h&gu>d j 9 re> ( ! l[] b&4 ,raise ! "r elb[ (f ! gr\nd1 roll+ slightly ov] on ! left side4 ,place ! butt to ! %\ld] & roll back into position1 clamp+ ! rifle h>d & /eady 9 ! fir+ position4 ,! rifle %\ld re/ deep d[n 9 ! palm ( ! left h& ) f+]s almo/ ar\nd ! h&gu>d4 ,%ift ! left palm a little to ! "r or left until ! rifle /&s p]fectly upright 7no cant7 )\t ef=t4 ,! left elb[ %\ld re/ on ! gr\nd directly "u ! rifle1 & "r elb[ on ! gr\nd ab\t #e in*es to ! "r ( a po9t directly "u ! /ock4 ,9 ?is position ! loop ( ! sl+1 />t+ at ! l[] b&1 passes to ! "r ( ! left wri/1 & !nce ar\nd ! left upp] arm4 ,! loop %\ld be s tight t ab\t #ej p\nds t5sion is plac$ on x :5 ! position is assum$4 ,?is position is uncom=table until practic$1 :5 x quickly ceases to be uncom=table4 ,x w be /eadi] if small holes c be f\nd or dug 9 ! gr\nd = ! elb[s4 ,9 ?is position ! sl+ b9ds ! left =e>m to ! rifle & to ! gr\nd s t x =ms a dead re/ = ! rifle1 ) a univ]sal jo9t1 ! wri/1 at its upp] end4 ,also ! rifle is s b\nd to ! %\ld] t ! recoil is n felt at all4 ,?is is ! /eadie/ ( all fir+ positions4 ,! gun sl+ c also be us$ 9 ?is mann] ) advantage 9 ! o!r positions4 ,,section #h4 ,,call+ ,,! ,,%ot4 ,x is evid5t t ! sights %\ld be s adju/$ at ea* range t ! rifle w hit :]e y aim4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e t ! sights are s adju/$ x is necess>y t y %all "k ea* "t j :]e y 7 aim+ on ! t>get at ! in/ant y\r rifle 0 dis*>g$4 ,if y "k ?is & y\r rifle hits ?is po9t y\r rifle is correctly sight$4 ,if y\r %ot does n hit ne> ?is po9t1 y %\ld *ange y\r sight adju/m5t 9 accordance ) ! table ( sight corrections 9 section #c4 ,no man c hold absolutely /eady4 ,! rifle trembles slightly1 & ! sights seem to wobble & move ov] ! t>get4 ,y try to squeeze (f ! la/ ounce ( ! trigg] squeeze j z ! sights move to ! desir$ alignm5t "u ! bull's-eye4 ,at ?is in/ant1 j be=e ! recoil blots out a view ( ! sights & t>get1 y %\ld cat* ) y\r eye a picture1 z x 71 ( j :]e on ! t>get y\r sights 7 align$1 & call to y\rself or to ! coa* ?is po9t4 ,?is po9t is :]e y\r %ot %\ld /rike if y\r sights are correctly adju/$1 & if y h squeez$ ! trigg] )\t di/urb+ y\r aim4 ,until a man c call 8 %ots he is n a good %ot1 = he c nev] tell if 8 rifle is sight$ "r or n1 or if a c]ta9 %ot is a good "o or only ! result ( luck4 ,,section #i4 ,,coord9ation4 ,good m>ksman%ip consi/s 9 le>n+ ?or\ghly ! details (-- ,hold+ ! rifle 9 ! v>i\s positions4 ,aim+4 ,squeez+ ! trigg]4 ,call+ ! %ot4 ,adju/+ ! sights4 ,&1 :5 ^! h be5 ma/]$ 9 detail1 !n ! coord9ation ( !m 9 ! act ( fir+4 ,?is coord9ation consi/s 9 putt+ absolutely all ( "o's w p[] into an ef=t to hold ! rifle /eadily1 especially 9 gett+ x to /eady d[n :5 ! aim is p]fect$2 9 gett+ ! trigg] squeez$ (f easily at ! in/ant ! rifle is /eadie/ & ! aim p]fect$2 9 call+ ! %ot at ?is in/ant2 &1 if ! %ot does n hit ne> ! po9t call$1 !n 9 adju/+ ! sights ! correct am\nt s t ! rifle w be sight$ to hit :]e y aim4 ,,section #aj4 ,,advice ,,to ,,riflem54 ,be=e go+ to ! range clean ! rifle c>efully1 remov+ e trace ( oil f ! bore4 ,?is c be/ be done ) a rag saturat$ ) gasol9e4 ,put a light coat ( oil on ! bolt & cams4 ,black5 ! front & re> sights ) smoke f a burn+ c&le or camphor or ) liquid sight black4 ,look ?r\gh ! bore & see t !re is no ob/ruction 9 x4 ,keep ! rifle (f ! gr\nd2 ! /ock may absorb dampness1 ! sights may be injur$1 or ! muzzle fill$ ) dirt4 ,wat* y\r hold c>efully & be sure to "k :]e ! l9e ( sight is at dis*>ge4 ,x is only 9 ?is way t ! habit ( call+ %ots1 :i* is ess5tial to good %oot+1 c be acquir$4 ,/udy ! conditions1 adju/ ! sl+1 & set ! sight be=e go+ to ! fir+ po9t4 ,look at ! sight adju/m5t be=e ea* %ot & see t x has n *ang$4 ,if sure ( y\r hold & if ! hit is n z call$1 det]m9e & make ,,full correction 9 elevation & w9dage to put ! next %ot 9 ! bull's-eye4 ,keep a writt5 record ( ! wea!r conditions & ! correspond+ elevation & w9dage = ea* day's fir+4 ,less elevation w g5]ally be requir$ on hot days2 on wet days2 9 a bright sunlight2 ) a #f o'clock w9d2 or ) a cold b>rel4 ,m elevation w g5]ally be requir$ on cold days2 on v dry days2 ) a #ab o'clock w9d2 ) a hot b>rel2 9 a dull or cl\dy light4 ,! upp] b& %\ld n be tight en\gh to b9d ! b>rel4 ,d n put a c>tridge into ! *amb] until ready to fire4 ,d n place c>tridges 9 ! sun4 ,!y w get hot & %oot high4 ,d n rub ! eyes--especially ! sight+ eye4 ,9 cold wea!r w>m ! trigg] h& be=e %oot+4 ,aft] %oot+1 clean ! rifle c>efully & !n oil x to prev5t ru/4 ,h a /rong1 clean clo? t w n te> & jam1 prop]ly cut to size1 = use 9 clean+4 ,always clean ! rifle f ! bree*1 us+ a brass clean+ rod :5 available4 ,an injury to ! rifl+ at ! muzzle causes ! piece to %oot v irregul>ly4 ,regul> physical ex]cise1 tak5 sy/ematically1 w cause a m>k$ improvem5t 9 %oot+4 ,frequ5t practice ( ! ,position & aim+ drills is ( ! greate/ help 9 prep>+ = %oot+ on ! range4 ,,rapid ,,fir+3 ,success is rapid fir+ dep5ds ^u cat*+ a quick & accurate aim1 hold+ ! piece firmly & ev5ly1 & 9 squeez+ ! trigg] )\t a j]k4 ,9 ord] to give z mu* "t z possible = aim+ accurately1 ! soldi] mu/ practice tak+ position1 load+ ) ! clip1 & work+ ! bolt1 s t no "t w be lo/ 9 ^! op]ations4 ,) con/ant practice all ^! movem5ts may be made quickly & )\t false motions4 ,:5 ! bolt h&le is rais$1 x mu/ be done ) en\gh =ce to />t ! %ell f ! *amb]2 & :5 ! bolt is pull$ back1 x mu/ be ) suffici5t =ce to ?r[ ! empty %ell well away f ! *amb] & f> en\gh to engage ! next c>tridge4 ,9 load+1 use =ce en\gh to load ea* c>tridge ) "o motion4 ,! aim mu/ be caught quickly1 &1 once caught1 mu/ be held & ! trigg] squeez$ /eadily4 ,rapid fir+1 z f> z hold+1 aim1 & squeez+ ! trigg] are conc]n$1 %\ld be done ) all ! precision ( sl[ fire4 ,! ga9 9 "t %\ld be 9 gett+ ready to fire1 load+1 & work+ ! bolt4 ,,fir+ ,,) ,,re/s3 ,9 ord] t ! %oot+ may be uni=m ! piece %\ld always be re/$ at ! same po9t4 ,,section #aa4 ,,! ,,c\rse ,,9 ,,small-,,arms ,,fir+4 ,! c\rse 9 small-arms fir+ consi/s (-- 7a7 ,nom5clature & c>e ( rifle4 7b7 ,sight+ drills4 7c7 ,position & aim+ drills4 7d7 ,deflection & elevation correction drills4 7e7 ,gall]y practice4 7f7 ,e/imat+ di/ance drill4 7g7 ,individual kn[n-di/ance fir+1 in/ruction practice4 7h7 ,individual kn[n-di/ance fir+1 record practice4 7i7 ,long-di/ance practice4 7j7 ,practice ) telescopic sights4 7k7 ,in/ruction combat practice4 7l7 ,combat practice4 7m7 ,pr(ici5cy te/4 ,! regulations gov]n+ ^! are f\nd 9 ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,manual1 #aiac4 ,!re %\ld be sev]al copies ( ?is manual 9 e company4 ,,section #ab4 ,,t>gets4 ,! accompany+ plates %[ ! details & size ( ! t>gets3 ,illu/ration3 ,,t>get ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t>get ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t>get ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t>get ,d4 ,,section #ac4 ,,pi/ol ,,& ,,revolv] ,,practice4#h ,footnote #h3 ,:5ev] 9 ^! regulations ! ^w pi/ol appe>s ! regulation applies ) equal =ce to ! revolv]1 if applicable to t weapon4 #ace4i ,,nom5clature ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,! ,,weapon2 ,,h&l+ ,,& ,,precautions ,,aga9/ ,,accid5ts4--,! soldi] w fir/ be taught ! nom5clature ( ^? p>ts ( ! weapon necess>y to an und]/&+ ( its action & use & ! prop] measures = its c>e & pres]vation4 ,ordnance pamphlets ,nos4 #ahff 7description ( ! ,colt's automatic pi/ol71 #aiai1 & #aibg 7description ( ! ,colt's revolv]1 calib]s 4#ch & 4#de1 respectively7 conta9 full in=mation on ?is subject1 & are furni%$ to organizations arm$ ) ^! weapons4 ,footnote #i3 ,! numb] ref] to p>agraphs 9 ! ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,manual1 #aiah4 ,c>eless h&l+ ( ! pi/ol or revolv] is ! cause ( _m accid5ts & results 9 brok5 p>ts ( ! me*anism4 ,! foll[+ rules w1 if foll[$1 prev5t mu* tr\ble ( ?is "*3 7a7 ,on tak+ ! ,,pi/ol f ! armrack or hol/]1 take out ! magaz9e & see t x is empty be=e replac+ x2 !n draw back ! slide & make sure t ! piece is unload$4 ,obs]ve ! same precaution aft] practice on ! t>get range1 & aga9 be=e replac+ ! pi/ol 9 ! hol/] or 9 ! armrack4 ,:5 tak+ ! ,,revolv] f ! armrack or hol/] & be=e return+ x to ! same1 op5 ! cyl9d] & eject empty %ells & c>tridges4 ,be=e beg9n+ a drill & ^u arriv+ on ! range obs]ve ! same precaution4 7b7 ,nei!r load nor cock ! weapon until ! mom5t ( fir+1 nor until a run 9 ! m\nt$ c\rse is />t$4 7c7 ,always keep ! pi/ol or revolv] 9 ! position ( ,raise pi/ol 7p>4 #adf1 ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations1 #aiaf71 except :5 x is po9t$ at ! t>get4 7,! position ( ,l[] pi/ol is au?oriz$ = m\nt$ fir+ only47 7d7 ,d n place ! weapon on ! gr\nd :]e s& or e>? c ent] ! bore or me*anism4 7e7 ,be=e load+ ! ,,pi/ol1 draw back ! slide & look ?r\gh ! bore to see t x is free f ob/ruction4 ,be=e load+ ! ,,revolv]1 op5 ! cyl9d] & look ?r\gh ! bore to see t x is free f ob/ruction4 ,:5 load+#aj ! pi/ol = t>get practice place five c>tridges 9 ! magaz9e & ins]t ! magaz9e 9 ! h&le2 draw back ! slide & ins]t ! fir/ c>tridge 9 ! *amb] & c>efully l[]#aa ! hamm] fully d[n4 ,footnote #aj3 ,,to ,,load ,,pi/ol3 ,be+ at raise pi/ol 7"r h& grasp+ /ock at ! height ( & #f in*es 9 front ( ! po9t ( ! "r %\ld]1 =ef+] alongside b>rel1 b>rel to ! re> & incl9$ =w>d ab\t #cj deg474 ,)\t d]ang+ position ( ! h&1 rotate ! pi/ol s ! sights move to ! left1 ! b>rel po9t+ to ! "r front & up4 ,) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! left h& 7?umb to ! "r7 grasp ! slide & pull x t[>d ! body until x /ops1 & !n release x4 ,! pi/ol is ?us load$1 & ! hamm] at full cock4 ,if ! pi/ol is to be kept 9 ! h& & n to be fir$ at once1 engage ! safety lock ) ! ?umb ( ! "r h&4 ,if ! pi/ol is to be c>ri$ 9 ! hol/]1 remove safety lock1 if on1 & l[] ! hamm] fully d[n4 ,footnote #aa3 ,,to ,,l[] ,,! ,,hamm]3 ,be+ at ! load+ position at full cock4 ,i4 ,firmly seat ?umb ( "r h& on ! hamm]3 ins]t =ef+] inside trigg] gu>d4 ,,ii4 ,) ?umb ( left h& ex]t a mom5t>y pressure on ! grip-safety to release hamm] f se>4 ,,iii4 ,at ! same in/ant ex]t pressure or ! trigg] & c>efully & sl[ly l[] ! hamm] fully d[n4 ,,iv4 ,remove f+] f trigg]4 ,v4 ,ins]t pi/ol 9 hol/]4 ,,caution4--,! pi/ol mu/ nev] be plac$ 9 ! hol/] until hamm] is fully d[n4 ,9 load+ ! ,,revolv] place five c>tridges 9 ! cyl9d] & let ! hamm] d[n on ! ,,empty ,,*amb]4 7f7 ,:5ev] ! pi/ol is be+ ,,load$ or ,,unload$1 ! muzzle mu/ be kept up4 7g7 ,d n po9t ! weapon 9 any direction :]e an accid5tal dis*>ge might d h>m4 7h7 ,aft] load+ d n cock ! pi/ol or ! revolv] until ready to fire4 7i7 ,keep ! work+ p>ts prop]ly lubricat$4 #acf4 ,,position1 ,,dism\nt$4--,/& firmly on bo? feet1 body p]fectly balanc$ & erect & turn$ at su* an angle z is mo/ com=table :5 ! arm is ext5d$ t[>d ! t>get2 ! feet f> en\gh ap>t to insure firmness & /ead9ess or position 7ab\t #h to #aj in*es72 weight ( body borne equally ^u bo? feet2 "r arm fully ext5d$1 left arm hang+ naturally4 ,,rem>ks4--,! "r arm may be slightly b5t1 al?\gh ! difficulty ( hold+ ! pi/ol uni=mly & ( keep+ x z well z ! =e>m 9 ! same v]tical plane makes ?is objectionable4 #acg4 ,,! ,,grip4--,grasp ! /ock z high z possible ) ! ?umb & la/ ?ree f+]s1 ! =ef+] alongside ! trigg] gu>d1 ! ?umb ext5d$ along ! /ock4 ,! b>rel1 h&1 & =e>m %\ld be z ne>ly 9 "o l9e z possible :5 ! weapon is po9t$ t[>d ! t>get4 ,! grasp %\ld n be s tight z to cause tremors ( ! h& or arm to be communicat$ to ! weapon1 b %\ld be firm en\gh to avoid los+ ! grip :5 ! recoil takes place4 ,,rem>ks4--,! =ce ( recoil ( ! pi/ol or revolv] is ex]t$ 9 a l9e above ! h& :i* grasps ! /ock4 ,! l[] ! /ock is grasp$ ! great] w be ! movem5t or jump ( ! muzzle caus$ by ! recoil4 ,?is n only results 9 a sev]e /ra9 ^u ! wri/1 b 9 loss ( accuracy4 ,if ! h& be plac$ s t ! grasp is on "o side ( ! /ock1 ! recoil w cause a rot>y movem5t ( ! weapon t[>d ! opposite side4 ,! releas+ ( ! se> causes a slight movem5t ( ! muzzle1 g5]ally to ! left4 ,! position ( ! ?umb along ! /ock ov]comes mu* ( ?is movem5t4 ,! soldi] %\ld be enc\rag$ to practice ?is me?od ( hold+ until x becomes natural4 ,to d uni=m %oot+ ! weapon mu/ be held ) exactly ! same grip = ea* %ot4 ,n only mu/ ! h& grasp ! /ock at ! same po9t = ea* %ot1 b ! t5sion ( ! grip mu/ be uni=m4 #ach4 7a7 ,,! ,,trigg] ,,squeeze4--,! trigg] mu/ be squeez$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 rifle dr+4 7,see ,*apt] ,,viii1 section #f47 ,! pressure ( ! =ef+] on ! trigg] %\ld be /eadily increas$ & %\ld be /raight back1 n sideways4 ,! pressure %\ld cont9ue to t po9t beyond :i* ! slighte/ movem5t w release ! se>4 ,!n1 :5 ! aim is true1 ! additional pressure is appli$ & ! pi/ol fir$4 ,only by mu* practice c ! soldi] become famili> ) ! trigg] squeeze4 ,?is is ess5tial to accurate %oot+4 ,x is ! mo/ important detail to ma/] 9 pi/ol or revolv] %oot+4 7b7 ,,self-,,cock+ ,,action4--,! =ce requir$ to squeeze ! trigg] ( ! revolv] :5 ! self-cock+ device is us$ is consid]ably great] ?an ) ! s+le action4 ,to accu/om a soldi] to ! use ( ! self-cock+ me*anism1 & also to /r5g!n & develop ! muscles ( ! h&1 a few m9utes practice daily 9 hold+ ! unload$ revolv] on a m>k & snapp+ x1 us+ ! self-cock+ me*anism1 is recomm5d$4 ,! use ( ! self-cock+ device 9 fir+ is n recomm5d$ except 9 em]g5cy4 ,by practice 9 cock+ ! revolv] ! soldi] c become suffici5tly exp]t to fire v rapidly1 us+ s+le action1 :ile 8 accuracy w be great] ?an :5 us+ d\ble action4 #aci4 ,,aim+4--,except :5 deliv]+ rapid or quick fire1 ! re> & front sights ( ! pi/ol are us$ 9 ! same mann] z ! rifle sights4 ,! normal sight is habitually us$ 7see ,pl4 ,,vi71 & ! l9e ( sight is direct$ ^u a po9t j "u ! bull's-eye at #f o'clock4 ,! front sight mu/ be se5 ?r\gh ! middle ( ! re>-sight not*1 ! top be+ on a l9e ) ! top ( ! not*4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 n to cant ! pi/ol to ei!r side4#ab ,footnote #ab3 ,! in/ructor %\ld take cognizance ( ! fact t ! prop] aim+ po9t is (t5 affect$ by ! p]sonal & fix$ peculi>ities ( ! fir]1 & if unable to correct su* abnormalities1 p]mit fir] to direct sight at su* po9t z promises effective results4 ,if ! pr9ciples ( aim+ h n be5 taught1 ! soldi]'s in/ruction w beg9 ) sight+ drills z prescrib$ = ! rifle s f> z !y may be applicable4 ,! sight+ b> ) op5 sight w be us$ to tea* ! normal sight & to demon/rate errors likely to be committ$4 ,to con/ruct a sight+ re/ = ! pi/ol 7see ,pl4 ,,vi7 take a piece ( wood ab\t #aj in*es long1 #a-a_/d in*es wide1 & #i_/af in* ?ick4 ,%ape "o end s t x w fit snugly 9 ! h&le ( ! pi/ol :5 ! magaz9e has be5 remov$4 ,screw or nail ?is /ick to ! top ( a po/ or o!r object at su* an angle t ! pi/ol :5 plac$ on ! /ick w be approximately horizontal4 ,a suitable sight+ re/ = ! revolv] may be easily improvis$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate ,,vi4 #adj4 7a7 ,,h[ ,,to ,,cock ,,! ,,pi/ol4--,! pi/ol %\ld be cock$ by ! ?umb ( ! "r h& & ) ! lea/ possible d]angem5t ( ! grip4 ,! =ef+] %\ld be cle> ( ! trigg] :5 cock+ ! pi/ol4 ,"s m5 h difficulty at fir/ 9 cock+ ! pi/ol ) ! "r ?umb4 ,?is c be ov]come by a little practice4 ,j]k+ ! pi/ol =w>d :ile hold+ ! ?umb on ! hamm] w n be p]mitt$4 7b7 ,,h[ ,,to ,,cock ,,! ,,revolv]4--,! revolv] %\ld be cock$ by putt+ ! ?umb on ! hamm] at z ne>ly a "r angle to ! hamm] z possible1 & by ! action ( ! ?umb muscles alone br++ ! hamm] back to ! position ( full cock4 ,"s m5 ) l>ge h&s are able to cock ! revolv] ) ! ?umb :ile hold+ x 9 ! position ( aim or raise pi/ol4 ,:]e ! soldi]'s h& is small ?is c n be done1 & 9 ?is case x assi/s ! op]ation to give ! revolv] a slight tilt to ! "r & upw>d 7to ! "r74 ,p>ticul> c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! =ef+] is cle> ( ! trigg] or ! cyl9d] w n revolve4 ,j]k+ ! revolv] =w>d :ile hold+ ! ?umb on ! hamm] w n be p]mitt$4 #ada4 ,,position ,,& ,,aim+ ,,drills1 ,,dism\nt$4--,= ?is in/ruction ! squad w be =m$ ) an int]val ( #a pace betwe5 files4 ,black pa/]s to simulate bull's-eyes w be pa/$ opposite ea* man on ! b>rack or o!r wall1 f :i* ! squad is #aj paces di/ant4 ,! squad be+ =m$ z describ$ above1 ! in/ructor gives ! comm&3 #a4 ,raise1 #b4 ,pi/ol 7p>4 #aef1 ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations71 & cautions1 ,position & aim+ drill1 dism\nt$4 ,! m5 take ! positions describ$ 9 p>agraph #acf1 except t ! pi/ol is held at ,raise pi/ol4 ,! in/ructor cautions1 ,trigg] squeeze ex]cise4 ,at ! comm& ,,ready1 cock ! weapon z describ$ 9 p>agraph #adj4 ,at ! comm&1 #a4 ,squad1 #b4 ,,fire1 sl[ly ext5d ! arm till x is ne>ly horizontal1 ! pi/ol direct$ at a po9t ab\t #f in*es bel[ ! bull's-eye4 ,at ! same "t put ! =ef+] inside ! trigg] gu>d & gradually feel ! trigg]4 ,inhale en\gh air to com=tably fill ! lungs & gradually raise ! piece until ! l9e ( sight is direct$ at ! po9t ( aim1 i4 e41 j bel[ ! bull's-eye at #f o'clock4 ,:ile ! sights are direct$ ^u ! m>k1 gradually increase ! pressure on ! trigg] until x rea*es t po9t :]e ! slighte/ additional pressure w release ! se>4 ,!n1 :5 ! aim is true1 ! additional pressure necess>y to fire ! piece is giv5 s smoo?ly z n to d]ange ! alignm5t ( ! sights4 ,! weapon w be held on ! m>k = an in/ant aft] ! hamm] falls & ! soldi] w obs]ve :at effect1 if any1 ! squeez+ ( ! trigg] has _h on 8 aim4 ,x is impossible to hold ! arm p]fectly /ill1 b ea* "t ! l9e ( sight is direct$ on ! po9t ( aim a slight additional pressure is appli$ to ! trigg] until ! piece is f9ally dis*>g$ at "o ( ! mom5ts :5 ! sights are correctly align$ ^u ! m>k4 ,:5 ! soldi] has become pr(ici5t 9 tak+ ! prop] position1 ! trigg] squeeze %\ld be execut$ at w4 ,! in/ructor prefaces ! prep>atory comm& by ,at w & gives ! comm& ,,halt at ! conclusion ( ! ex]cise1 :5 ! soldi] w return to ! position ( ,raise pi/ol4 ,at fir/ ?is ex]cise %\ld be execut$ ) delib]ation1 b gradually ! soldi] w be taught to cat* ! aim quickly & to lose no "t 9 beg9n+ ! trigg] squeeze & br++ x to ! po9t :]e ! slighte/ additional pressure w release ! se>4 ,,rem>ks4--,9 s]vice few opportunities w be (f]$ = sl[ aim$ fire ) ! pi/ol or revolv]1 al?\gh use w be made ( ! weapon "u circum/ances :5 accurate po9t+ & rapid manipulation are ( vital importance4 ,9 deliv]+ a rapid fire1 ! soldi] mu/ keep 8 eyes fix$ ^u ! m>k &1 aft] ea* %ot1 beg9 a /eadily increas+ pressure on ! trigg]1 try+ at ! same "t to get ! sights z ne>ly on ! m>k z possible be=e ! hamm] aga9 falls4 ,! great difficulty 9 quick fir+ ) ! pi/ol lies 9 ! fact t :5 ! front sight is br\ght ^u ! m>k1 ! re> sight is (t5 f\nd to be outside ! l9e jo9+ ! eye ) ! m>k4 ,?is t5d5cy to hold ! pi/ol obliquely c be ov]come only by a uni=m mann] ( hold+ & po9t+4 ,?is uni=mity is to be atta9$ only by acquir+ a grip :i* c be tak5 ) c]ta9ty ea* "t ! weapon is fir$4 ,x is ?is circum/ance :i* makes ! position & aim+ drills s important4 ,! soldi] %\ld con/antly practice po9t+ ! pi/ol until he acquires ! ability to direct x on ! m>k 9 ! briefe/ int]val ( "t & practically )\t ! aid ( sights4 ,! soldi] !n repeats ! ex]cises ) ! pi/ol 9 ! left h&1 ! left side be+ turn$ t[>d ! t>get4 #adb4 ,,to ,,draw ,,& ,,fire ,,quickly--,,snap ,,%oot+4--,) ! squad =m$ z describ$ 9 p>agraph #ada except t ! pi/ol is 9 ! hol/] & ! flap1 if any1 button$1 ! in/ructor cautions ,quick-fire ex]cise4 ,& gives ! comm&1 #a4 ,,squad2 #b4 ,fire4 ,at ?is comm& ea* soldi]1 keep+ 8 eye on ! t>get1 quickly draws 8 pi/ol1 cocks x z 9 p>agraph #adj1 ?ru/s x t[>d ! t>get1 squeezes ! trigg]1 & at ! in/ant ! weapon is br\ght 9 l9e ) ! eye & ! objective increases ! pressure1 releas+ ! se>4 ,to enable ! soldi] to note errors 9 po9t+1 ! weapon w be mom5t>ily held 9 position aft] ! fall ( ! hamm]4 ,ef=ts at delib]ate aim+ 9 ?is ex]cise mu/ be disc\rag$4 ,rem>ks "u p>agraph #ada are specially applicable also to ?is type ( fire4 ,:5 ! soldi] has become pr(ici5t 9 ! details ( ?is ex]cise1 x %\ld be repeat$ at w2 ! in/ructor cautions1 ,at w2 quick fire ex]cise4 ,! ex]cise %\ld be practic$ until ! m9d1 ! eye1 & trigg] f+] act 9 unison4 ,to simulate ?is type ( fire m\nt$1 ! in/ructor places ! squad s t ! simulat$ bull's-eyes are 9 turn1 to ! ,,"r1 to ! ,,left1 to ! ,,"r ,,front1 to ! ,,left ,,front1 to ! ,,"r ,,re>4 ,) ! squad 9 "o ( ^! positions1 ! in/ructor cautions1 ,position & aim+ drill1 m\nt$4 ,at ?is caution ! "r foot is c>ri$ #bj in*es to ! "r & ! left h& to ! position ( ! bridle h& 7p>4 #bdf1 ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations74 ,! ex]cise is c>ri$ out z describ$ = ! ex]cise dism\nt$1 us+ ! comm&s & means laid d[n 9 p>agraphs #afa to #afh1 inclusive1 ,cavalry ,drill ,regulations1 = fir+ 9 ! sev]al directions4 ,! ex]cise is to be execut$ at w :5 ! squad has be5 suffici5tly well in/ruct$ 9 detail4 ,:5 fir+ to ! left ! pi/ol h& w be ab\t opposite ! left %\ld] & ! %\ld]s turn$ ab\t #de deg4 to ! left2 :5 fir+ to ! "r re> ! %\ld]s are turn$ ab\t #de deg4 to ! "r4 ,:5 ! soldi] is pr(ici5t 9 ^! ex]cises ) ! pi/ol 9 ! "r h&1 !y are repeat$ ) ! pi/ol 9 ! left h&4 ,,revolv] ,,or ,,pi/ol ,,range ,,practice4--,! c\rses 9 range practice are giv5 9 p>agraphs #adg to #aii1 ,small ,arms ,fir+ ,manual1 #aiac4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,manual ,,( ,,int]ior ,,gu>d ,,duty4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,army1 #aiad4 ,! numb]s ref] to p>agraphs 9 ! ,manual4 ,,section #a4 ,,introduction4 #a4 ,gu>ds may be divid$ into f\r classes3 ,ext]ior gu>ds1 int]ior gu>ds1 milit>y police1 & provo/ gu>ds4 #b4 ,ext]ior gu>ds are us$ only 9 "t ( w>4 ,!y belong to ! doma9 ( tactics & are treat$ ( 9 ! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations & 9 ! drill regulations ( ! diff]5t arms ( ! s]vice1 ,! purpose ( ext]ior gu>ds is to prev5t surprise1 to delay attack1 & o!rwise to provide = ! security ( ! ma9 body4 ,on ! m>* !y take ! =m ( advance gu>ds1 re> gu>ds1 & flank gu>ds4 ,at a halt !y consi/ ( outpo/s4 #c4 ,int]ior gu>ds are us$ 9 camp or g>rison to pres]ve ord]1 protect prop]ty1 & to en=ce police regulations4 ,9 "t ( w> su* s5t9els ( an int]ior gu>d z may be necess>y are plac$ close 9 or ab\t a camp1 & normally !re is an ext]ior gu>d fur!r out consi/+ ( outpo/s4 ,9 "t ( peace ! int]ior gu>d is ! only gu>d 9 a camp or g>rison4 #d4 ,milit>y police diff] some:at f ei!r ( ^! classes4 7,see ,field ,s]vice ,regulations47 ,!y are us$ 9 "t ( w> to gu>d prison]s1 to arre/ /raggl]s & des]t]s1 & to ma9ta9 ord] & en=ce police regulations 9 ! re> ( armies1 along l9es ( communication1 & 9 ! vic9ity ( l>ge camps4 #e4 ,provo/ gu>ds are us$ 9 ! abs5ce ( milit>y police1 g5]ally 9 conjunction ) ! civil au?orities at or ne> l>ge po/s or encampm5ts1 to pres]ve ord] among soldi]s beyond ! int]ior gu>d4 ,,section #b4 ,,classification ,,( ,,int]ior ,,gu>ds4 #f4 ,! v>i\s elem5ts ( an int]ior gu>d classifi$ accord+ to _! p>ticul> purpose & ! mann] 9 :i* !y p]=m _! duties are z foll[s3 7a7 ,! ma9 gu>d4 7b7 ,special gu>ds3 ,/able gu>ds1 p>k gu>ds1 prison] gu>ds1 h]d gu>ds1 tra9 gu>ds1 boat gu>ds1 wat*m51 etc4 ,,section #c4 ,,details ,,& ,,ro/]s4 #g4 ,at e milit>y po/1 & 9 e regim5t or sep>ate comm& 9 ! field1 an int]ior gu>d w be detail$ & duly m\nt$4 ,x w consi/ ( su* numb] ( (fic]s & enli/$ m5 z ! comm&+ (fic] may deem necess>y1 & w be comm&$ by ! s5ior (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] !re)1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! (fic] ( ! day or o!r (fic] detail$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #h4 ,! sy/em ( s5t9els on fix$ po/s is ( value 9 discipl9e & tra9+ because ( ! direct individual responsibility :i* is impos$ & requir$ to be dis*>g$ 9 a def9ite & precise mann]4 ,:ile ! desirability ( ?is type ( duty is recogniz$1 x %\ld only be put 9 practice to an ext5t suffici5t to insure ?or\gh in/ruction 9 ?is me?od ( p]=m+ gu>d duty & %\ld n be ! r\t9e me?od ( its p]=mance4 ,! usual gu>d duty w be p]=m$ by wat*m51 patrols1 or su* me?od z1 9 ! op9ion ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 may be/ secure results "u ! p>ticul> local conditions4 #i4 ,at po/s :]e !re are less ?an ?ree companies ! ma9 gu>d & special gu>ds may all be furni%$ by "o company or by details f ea* company4 ,x is direct$ t :5ev] possible su* gu>ds %all be furni%$ by a s+le company1 = ! reason t if gu>d details are tak5 f ea* organization at a po/ ( two companies1 troops1 or batt]ies x w result 9 bo? be+ s r$uc$ z to s]i\sly int]f]e ) drill & in/ruction1 :]eas if details are tak5 f only "o1 ! o!r is available = in/ruction at full /r5g?4 ,:]e !re are ?ree or m companies1 ! ma9 gu>d w1 if practicable1 be furni%$ by a s+le company1 &1 z f> z practicable1 ! same organization w supply all details = t day = special gu>d1 ov]se]1 & fatigue duty4 ,9 ?is case ! (fic] ( ! day & ! (fic]s ( ! gu>d1 if !re are any1 w1 if practicable1 be f ! company furni%+ ! gu>d4 #aj4 ,at a po/ or camp :]e ! headqu>t]s ( m ?an "o regim5t are /ation$1 or 9 ! case ( a small brigade 9 ! field1 if b "o gu>d be necess>y = ! :ole comm&1 ! details w be made f ! headqu>t]s ( ! comm&4 ,if =mal gu>d m\nt+ is to be held1 ! adjutant1 s]geant major1 & b& to att5d gu>d m\nt+ w be designat$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #aa4 ,:5 a s+le organization furni%es ! gu>d1 a ro/] ( organizations w be kept by ! s]geant major "u ! sup]vision ( ! adjutant4 7,see ,app5dix ,b47 #ab4 ,:5 ! gu>d is detail$ f sev]al organizations1 ro/]s w be kept by ! adjutant1 ( (fic]s ( ! day & (fic]s ( ! gu>d by "n2 by ! s]geant major "u ! sup]vision ( ! adjutant1 ( s]geants1 corporals1 musicians1 & privates ( ! gu>d by numb] p] organization2 & by fir/ s]geants1 ( s]geants1 corporals1 musicians1 & privates by "n4 7,see ,app5dix ,a47 #ac4 ,:5 organizations furni% _! own /able1 or /able & p>k gu>ds1 cr$it w be giv5 ea* = ! numb] ( enli/$ m5 s furni%$ z ?\gh !y _h be5 detail$ = ma9 gu>d4 #ad4 ,special gu>ds1 o!r ?an /able or p>k gu>ds1 w be cr$it$ ! same z = ma9 gu>d1 cr$it$ ) fatigue duty1 c>ri$ on special duty1 or cr$it$ z ! comm&+ (fic] may direct4 7,p>s4 #f1 #bba1 #bdg1 & #cjj47 #ae4 ,capta9s w sup]vise ! keep+ ( company ro/]s & see t all duties p]=m$ are duly cr$it$4 7,see p>s4 #cee-cfd1 ,a4 ,r41 = rules gov]n+ ro/]s1 & ,=m #cdb1 ,a4 ,g4 ,o41 = in/ructions z to h[ ro/]s %\ld be kept47 #af4 ,!re w be an (fic] ( ! day ) ea* gu>d1 unless 9 ! op9ion ( ! comm&+ (fic] ! gu>d is s small t 8 s]vices are n ne$$4 ,9 ?is case an (fic] w be detail$ to sup]vise ! comm& & in/ruction ( ! gu>d = su* p]iod z ! comm&+ (fic] may direct4 #ag4 ,:5 m ?an "o gu>d is requir$ = a comm&1 a field (fic] ( ! day w be detail$1 :o w receive 8 ord]s f ! brigade or division comm&]1 z ! latt] may direct4 ,:5 necess>y capta9s may be plac$ on ! ro/] = field (fic] ( ! day4 #ah4 ,! detail ( (fic]s ( ! gu>d w be limit$ to ! necessities ( ! s]vice & effici5t in/ruction2 inexp]i5c$ (fic]s may be detail$ z sup]num]>y (fic]s ( ! gu>d = purposes ( in/ruction4 #ai4 ,(fic]s s]v+ on /aff dep>tm5ts are1 9 ! discretion ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 exempt f gu>d duty4 #bj4 ,gu>d details w1 if practicable1 be po/$ or publi%$ ! day prec$+ ! beg9n+ ( ! t\r1 & (fic]s notifi$ p]sonally by a writt5 ord] at ! same "t4 #ba4 ,! /r5g? ( gu>ds & ! numb] ( consecutive days = :i* an organization furni%es ! gu>d w be s regulat$ z to insure privates ( ! ma9 gu>d an int]val ( n less ?an five days betwe5 t\rs4 ,:5 ?is is n o!rwise practicable1 extra & special duty m5 w be detail$ = night gu>d duty1 /ill p]=m+ _! daily duties4 ,:5 s detail$ a ro/] w be kept by ! adjutant %[+ ! duty p]=m$ by !m4 #bb4 ,! memb]s ( ma9 gu>ds & /able & p>k gu>ds w habitually be reliev$ e #bd h\rs4 ,! l5g? ( ! t\r ( enli/$ m5 detail$ z special gu>ds1 o!r ?an /able or p>k gu>ds1 w be s regulat$ z to p]mit ( ^! m5 be+ held acc\ntable = a /rict p]=mance ( _! duty4 #bc4 ,%\ld ! (fic] ( ! day be notifi$ t m5 are requir$ to fill vacancies 9 ! gu>d1 he w cause !m to be suppli$ f ! organization to :i* ! gu>d belongs4 ,if none are available 9 t organization1 ! adjutant w be notifi$ & w cause !m to be suppli$ f ! organization t is next = gu>d4 7,p>4 #fh47 #bd4 ,! adjutant w h po/$ on ! bullet9 bo>d at 8 (fice all data ne$$ by company comm&]s 9 mak+ details f _! companies4 ,at fir/ s]geant's call1 fir/ s]geants w g to headqu>t]s & take f ! bullet9 bo>d all data necess>y = mak+ ! details requir$ f _! companies2 ^! details w be made f _! company ro/]s4 #be4 ,9 ord] to give ample notice1 fir/ s]geants w1 :5 practicable1 publi% at retreat & po/ on ! company bullet9 bo>d all details made f ! company = duties to be p]=m$4 #bf4 ,:]e ro/]s are requir$ to be kept by ?is manual1 all details w be made by ro/]4 ,,section #d4 ,,comm&] ,,( ,,! ,,gu>d4 #da4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d is responsible = ! in/ruction & discipl9e ( ! gu>d4 ,he w see t all ( its memb]s are correctly in/ruct$ 9 _! ord]s & duties & t !y und]/& & prop]ly p]=m !m4 ,he w visit ea* relief at lea/ once :ile x is on po/1 & at lea/ "o ( ^! visits w be made betwe5 #ab o'clock midnight & daylight4 #db4 ,he receives & obeys ! ord]s ( ! comm&+ (fic] & ! (fic] ( ! day1 & reports to ! latt] )\t delay all ord]s to ! gu>d n receiv$ f ! (fic] ( ! day2 he transmits to 8 successor all mat]ial in/ructions & in=mation relat+ to 8 duties4 #dc4 ,he is responsible "u ! (fic] ( ! day = ! g5]al safety ( ! po/ or camp z soon z ! old gu>d m>*es away f ! gu>dh\se4 ,9 case ( em]g5cy1 :ile bo? gu>ds are at ! gu>dh\se1 ! s5ior comm&] ( ! two gu>ds w be responsible t ! prop] action is tak54 #dd4 ,(fic]s ( ! gu>d w rema9 con/antly ) _! gu>ds1 except :ile visit+ patrols or necess>ily engag$ else:]e 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duties4 ,! comm&+ (fic] w all[ a reasonable "t = meals4 #de4 ,a comm&] ( a gu>d leav+ 8 po/ = any purpose w in=m ! next 9 comm& ( 8 de/9ation & probable "t ( return4 #df4 ,except 9 em]g5cies1 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d may divide ! night ) ! next 9 comm&1 b reta9s 8 responsibility2 ! "o on wat* mu/ be con/antly on ! al]t4 #dg4 ,:5 any al>m is rais$ 9 camp or g>rison1 ! gu>d w be in=m$ imm$iately4 7,p>1 #bcd47 ,if ! case be s]i\s1 ! prop] call w be s\nd$1 & ! comm&] ( ! gu>d w cause ! comm&+ (fic] & ! (fic] ( ! day to be at once notifi$4 #dh4 ,if a s5t9el calls3 ,! gu>d1 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d w at once s5d a patrol to ! s5t9el's po/4 ,if ! dang] be great1 9 :i* case ! s5t9el w dis*>ge 8 piece1 ! patrol w be z /rong z possible4 #di4 ,:5 practicable1 !re %\ld always be an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] & two privates ( ! gu>d at ! gu>dh\se 9 addition to ! s5t9els !re on po/4 #ej4 ,betwe5 reveille & retreat1 :5 ! gu>d _h be5 turn$ out = any p]son entitl$ to ! complim5t 7see p>s4 #bbb & #bbd71 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 if an (fic]1 w receive ! report ( ! s]geant1 return+ ! salute ( ! latt] ) ! "r h&4 ,he w !n draw 8 sab] & place himself two paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! gu>d4 ,:5 ! p]son = :om ! gu>d has be5 turn$ out approa*es1 he faces 8 gu>d & comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms2 faces to ! front & salutes4 ,:5 8 salute is ackn[l$g$1 he resumes ! c>ry1 faces ab\t1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms2 & faces to ! front4 ,if x be an (fic] entitl$ to inspect ! gu>d1 aft] salut+ & be=e br++ 8 gu>d to an ord]1 ! (fic] ( ! gu>d reports3 ,sir1 all pres5t or acc\nt$ =2 or ,sir1 7s-&-s7 is abs5t2 or if ! roll call has be5 omitt$3 ,sir1 ! gu>d is =m$1 except t at gu>d m\nt+ ! comm&]s ( ! gu>ds pres5t _! gu>ds & salute )\t mak+ any report4 ,betwe5 retreat & reveille ! comm&] ( ! gu>d salutes & reports b does n br+ ! gu>d to a pres5t4 #ea4 ,to ^? entitl$ to h ! gu>d turn$ out b n entitl$ to inspect x1 no report w be made2 nor w a report be made to any (fic] unless he halts 9 front ( ! gu>d4 #eb4 ,:5 a gu>d comm&$ by a noncommission$ (fic] is turn$ out z a complim5t or = inspection1 ! noncommission$ (fic]1 /&+ at a "r %\ld] on ! "r ( ! "r guide1 comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,he !n executes ! rifle salute4 ,if a report be also requir$1 he w1 aft] salut+1 & be=e br++ 8 gu>d to an ord]1 report z prescrib$ = ! (fic] ( ! gu>d4 7,p>4 #ej47 #ec4 ,:5 a gu>d is 9 l9e1 n "u inspection1 & comm&$ by an (fic]1 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d salutes 8 regim5tal1 battalion1 & company comm&]1 by br++ ! gu>d to att5tion & salut+ 9 p]son4 ,= all o!r (fic]s1 except+ ^? entitl$ to ! complim5t f a gu>d 7p>4 #bbd71 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d salutes 9 p]son1 b does n br+ ! gu>d to att5tion4 ,:5 comm&$ by a noncommission$ (fic]1 ! gu>d is br\ght to att5tion 9 ei!r case1 & ! noncommission$ (fic] salutes4 ,! comm&] ( a gu>d ex*anges salutes ) ! comm&]s ( all o!r bodies ( troops2 ! gu>d is br\ght to att5tion dur+ ! ex*ange4 ,pres5t arms is execut$ by a gu>d only :5 x has turn$ out = inspection or z a complim5t1 & at ! c]emonies ( gu>d m\nt+ & reliev+ ! old gu>d4 #ed4 ,9 m>*+ a gu>d or a deta*m5t ( a gu>d ! pr9ciples ( p>agraph #ec apply4 ,eyes "r is execut$ only 9 ! c]emonies ( gu>d m\nt+ & reliev+ ! old gu>d4 #ee4 ,if a p]son entitl$ to ! complim5t1 or ! regim5tal1 battalion1 or company comm&]1 passes 9 re> ( a gu>d1 nei!r ! complim5t nor ! salute is giv51 b ! gu>d is br\ght to att5tion :ile su* p]son is opposite ! po/ ( ! comm&]4 ,aft] any p]son has receiv$ or decl9$ ! complim5t1 or receiv$ ! salute f ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 (ficial recognition ( 8 pres5ce !reaft] :ile he rema9s 9 ! vic9ity w be tak5 by br++ ! gu>d to att5tion4 #ef4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w inspect ! gu>d at reveille & retreat1 & at su* o!r times z may be necess>y1 to assure himself t ! m5 are 9 prop] condition to p]=m _! duties & t _! arms & equipm5ts are 9 prop] condition4 ,= inspection by o!r (fic]s1 he prep>es ! gu>d 9 ea* case z direct$ by ! inspect+ (fic]4 #eg4 ,! gu>d w n be p>ad$ dur+ c]emonies unless direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #eh4 ,at all =mations memb]s ( ! gu>d or reliefs w execute inspection arms z prescrib$ 9 ! drill regulations ( _! arm4 #ei4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w see t all s5t9els are habitually reliev$ e two h\rs1 unless ! wea!r or o!r cause makes x necess>y t x be done at %ort] or long] int]vals1 z direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #fj4 ,he w "q 8 noncommission$ (fic]s & s5t9els relative to ! in/ructions !y may h receiv$ f ! old gu>d2 he w see t patrols & visits ( inspection are made z direct$ by ! (fic] ( ! day4 #fa4 ,he w see t ! special ord]s = ea* po/ & memb] ( ! gu>d1 ei!r writt5 or pr9t$1 are po/$ 9 ! gu>dh\se &1 if practicable1 9 ! s5try box or o!r %elt]$ place to :i* ! memb] ( ! gu>d has con/ant access4 #fb4 ,he w see t ! prop] calls are s\nd$ at ! h\rs appo9t$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #fc4 ,%\ld a memb] ( ! gu>d be tak5 sick1 or be arre/$1 or des]t1 or leave 8 gu>d1 he w at once notify ! (fic] ( ! day4 7 ,p>4 #bc47 #fd4 ,he w1 :5 ! c\nt]sign is us$ 7p>s4 #baj to #baf71 communicate x to ! noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d & see t x is duly communicat$ to ! s5t9els be=e ! h\r = *all5g+2 ! c\nt]sign w n be giv5 to s5t9els po/$ at ! gu>dh\se4 #fe4 ,he w h ! details = hoi/+ ! flag at reveille & l[]+ x at retreat1 & = fir+ ! reveille & retreat gun1 made 9 "t = ! prop] p]=mance ( ^! duties4 7,see p>s4 #cch1 #cdd1 #cde1 & #cdf47 ,he w see t ! flags are kept 9 ! be/ condition possible1 & t !y are nev] h&l$ except 9 ! prop] p]=mance ( duty4 #ff4 ,he may p]mit memb]s ( ! gu>d :ile at ! gu>dh\se to remove _! head dress1 ov]coats1 & gloves2 if !y leave ! gu>dh\se = any purpose :atev]1 he w require t !y be prop]ly equipp$ & arm$1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! s]vice 9 :i* engag$1 or z direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #fg4 ,he w ent] 9 ! gu>d report a report ( 8 t\r ( duty &1 on ! completion ( 8 t\r1 w pres5t x to ! (fic] ( ! day4 ,he w transmit ) 8 report all passes turn$ 9 at ! po/ ( ! gu>d4 #fh4 ,:5ev] a prison] is s5t to ! gu>dh\se or gu>d t5t = conf9em5t1 he w cause him to be se>*$1 & w )\t unnecess>y delay1 report ! case to ! (fic] ( ! day4 #fi4 ,"u w> conditions1 if anyone is to be pass$ out ( camp at night1 he w be s5t to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d :o w h him pass$ beyond ! s5t9els4 #gj4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w deta9 at ! gu>dh\se all suspici\s *>act]s1 or p>ties attempt+ to pass a s5t9el's po/ )\t au?ority1 report+ 8 action to ! (fic] ( ! day1 to :om p]sons s arre/$ w be s5t1 if necess>y4 #ga4 ,he w inspect ! gu>drooms & cells1 & ! irons ( su* prison]s z may be iron$1 at lea/ once dur+ 8 t\r1 & at su* o!r times z he may deem necess>y4 #gb4 ,he w cause ! corporals ( ! old & new reliefs to v]ify toge!r1 imm$iately be=e ea* relief goes on po/1 ! numb] ( prison]s :o %\ld !n prop]ly be at ! gu>dh\se4 #gc4 ,he w see t ! s5t5ces ( prison]s "u 8 *>ge are execut$ /rictly 9 accordance ) ! action ( ! review+ au?ority4 #gd4 ,:5 no special prison] gu>d has be5 detail$ 7p>4 #cjj71 he w1 z f> z practicable1 assign z gu>ds ov] work+ p>ties ( prison]s s5t9els f po/s gu>d$ at night only4 #ge4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w inspect all meals s5t to ! gu>dh\se & see t ! quantity & quality ( food are 9 accordance ) regulations4 #gf4 ,at gu>d m\nt+ he w report to ! old (fic] ( ! day all cases ( prison]s ^: t]ms ( s5t5ce expire on t day1 & also all cases ( prison]s conc]n+ :om no /atem5t ( *>ges has be5 receiv$4 7,see p>4 #bda47 #gg4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d is responsible = ! security ( ! prison]s "u ! *>ge ( 8 gu>d2 he becomes responsible = !m aft] _! numb] has be5 v]ifi$ & !y h be5 turn$ ov] to ! cu/ody ( 8 gu>d by ! old gu>d or by ! prison] gu>d or ov]se]s4 #gh4 ,! prison]s w be v]ifi$ & turn$ ov] to ! new gu>d )\t p>ad+ !m1 unless ! comm&+ (fic] or ! (fic] ( ! day %all direct o!rwise4 #gi4 ,to receive ! prison]s at ! gu>dh\se :5 !y h be5 p>ad$ & aft] !y h be5 v]ifi$ by ! (fic]s ( ! day1 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d directs 8 s]geant to =m 8 gu>d ) an int]val1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,prison]s1 #b4 ,"r1 #c4 ,,face1 #d4 ,=w>d1 #e4 ,,m>*4 ,! prison]'s hav+ arriv$ opposite ! int]val 9 ! new gu>d1 he comm&s3 #a4 ,prison]s1 #b4 ,,halt1 #c4 ,left1 #d4 ,,face1 #e4 ,"r7orleft71 #f4 ,,dress4 #g4 ,,front4 ,! prison]s dress on ! l9e ( ! new gu>d4 ,,section #e4 ,,s]geant ,,( ,,! ,,gu>d4 #hj4 ,! s5ior noncommission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d always acts z s]geant ( ! gu>d1 & if !re be no (fic] ( ! gu>d1 w p]=m ! duties prescrib$ = ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #ha4 ,! s]geant ( ! gu>d has g5]al sup]vision ov] ! o!r noncommission$ (fic]s & ! musicians & privates ( ! gu>d1 & mu/ be ?or\ghly famili> ) all ( _! ord]s & duties4 #hb4 ,he is directly responsible = ! prop]ty "u *>ge ( ! gu>d1 & w see t x is prop]ly c>$ =4 ,he w make li/s ( articles tak5 out by work+ p>ties & see t all su* articles are duly return$4 ,if !y are n1 he w imm$iately report ! fact to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #hc4 ,imm$iately aft] gu>d m\nt+ he w prep>e duplicate li/s ( ! names ( all noncommission$ (fic]s1 musicians1 & privates ( ! gu>d1 %[+ ! relief & po/ or duties ( ea*4 ,"o li/ w be h&$ z soon z possible to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d2 ! o!r w be reta9$ by ! s]geant4 #hd4 ,he w see t all reliefs are turn$ out at ! prop] "t1 & t ! corporals ?or\ghly und]/&1 & are prompt & effici5t 91 ! dis*>ge ( _! duties4 #he4 ,dur+ ! tempor>y abs5ce f ! gu>dh\se ( ! s]geant ( ! gu>d1 ! next 9 rank ( ! noncommission$ (fic]s w p]=m 8 duties4 #hf4 ,%\ld ! corporal ^: relief is on po/ be call$ away f ! gu>dh\se1 ! s]geant ( ! gu>d w designate a noncommission$ (fic] to take ! corporal's place until 8 return4 #hg4 ,! s]geant ( ! gu>d is responsible at all times = ! prop] police ( ! gu>dh\se or gu>d t5t1 includ+ ! gr\nd ab\t !m & ! prison cells4 #hh4 ,at fir/ s]geant's call he w proce$ to ! adjutant's (fice & obta9 ! gu>d report book4 #hi4 ,:5 ! national or regim5tal colors are tak5 f ! /acks ( ! color l9e1 ! color be>] & gu>d1 or ! s]geant ( ! gu>d1 un>m$1 & two arm$ privates z a gu>d1 w escort ! colors to ! colonel's qu>t]s1 z prescrib$ = ! color gu>d 9 ! drill regulations ( ! arm ( ! s]vice to :i* ! gu>d belongs4 #ij4 ,he w report to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d any suspici\s or unusual occurr5ce t comes "u 8 notice1 w w>n him ( ! approa* ( any arm$ body1 & w s5d to him all p]sons arre/$ by ! gu>d4 #ia4 ,:5 ! gu>d is turn$ out its =mation w be z foll[s3 ,! s5ior noncommission$ (fic]1 if comm&] ( ! gu>d1 is on ! "r ( ! "r guide2 if n comm&] ( ! gu>d1 he is 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s1 9 re> ( ! "r f\r ( ! gu>d2 ! next 9 rank is "r guide2 ! next left guide3 ! o!rs 9 ! l9e ( file clos]s1 usually ea* 9 re> ( 8 relief2 ! field music1 ) its left ?ree paces to ! "r ( ! "r guide4 ,! reliefs =m 9 ! same ord] z :5 ! gu>d 0 fir/ divid$1 except t if ! gu>d consi/s ( dism\nt$ cavalry & infantry1 ! cavalry =ms on ! left4 #ib4 ,! s]geant =ms ! gu>d1 calls ! roll1 &1 if n 9 comm& ( ! gu>d1 reports to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d z prescrib$ 9 drill regulations = a fir/ s]geant =m+ a troop or company2 ! gu>d is n divid$ into platoons or sections1 &1 except :5 ! :ole gu>d is =m$ prior to m>*+ (f1 f\rs are n c\nt$4 #ic4 ,! s]geant reports z foll[s3 ,sir1 all pres5t or acc\nt$ =1 or ,sir1 7s-&-s7 is abs5t2 or if ! roll call has be5 omitt$1 ,sir1 ! gu>d is =m$4 ,only m5 abs5t )\t prop] au?ority are report$ abs5t4 ,he !n takes 8 place1 )\t comm&4 #id4 ,at night ! roll may be call$ by reliefs & numb]s in/ead ( names2 ?us1 ! fir/ relief be+ on po/3 ,second relief3 ,no4 #a2 ,no4 #b1 etc42 ,?ird relief1 ,corporal2 ,no4 #a1 etc4 #ie4 ,call+ ! roll w be disp5s$ ) 9 =m+ ! gu>d :5 x is turn$ out z a complim5t1 on ! approa* ( an arm$ body1 or 9 any sudd5 em]g5cy2 b 9 su* cases ! roll may be call$ be=e dismiss+ ! gu>d4 ,if ! gu>d be turn$ out = an (fic] entitl$ to inspect x1 ! roll w1 unless he directs o!rwise1 always be call$ be=e a report is made4 #if4 ,! s]geant ( ! gu>d has direct *>ge ( ! prison]s1 except dur+ su* "t u !y may be "u ! *>ge ( ! prison] gu>d or ov]se]s1 & is responsible to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d = _! security4 #ig4 ,he w c>ry ! keys ( ! gu>droom & cells1 & w n suff] !m to leave 8 p]sonal possession :ile he is at ! gu>dh\se1 except z h]e9aft] provid$4 7,p>4 #ii47 ,%\ld he leave ! gu>dh\se = any purpose he w turn ! keys ov] to ! noncommission$ (fic] :o takes 8 place4 7,p>4 #he47 #ih4 ,he w c\nt ! knives1 =ks1 etc41 giv5 to ! prison]s ) _! food1 & see t none ( ^! articles rema9 9 _! possession4 ,he w see t no =bidd5 articles ( any k9d are convey$ to ! prison]s4 #ii4 ,prison]s :5 p>ad$ ) ! gu>d are plac$ 9 l9e1 9 its c5t]4 ,! s]geant1 imm$iately be=e =m+ ! gu>d1 w turn ov] 8 keys to ! noncommission$ (fic] at ! gu>dh\se4 ,hav+ =m$ ! gu>d1 he w divide x into two ne>ly equal p>ts4 ,indicat+ ! po9t ( division ) 8 h&1 he comm&s3 #a4 ,"r7orleft71 #b4 ,,face1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*1 #e4 ,gu>d1 #f4 ,,halt1 #g4 ,left 7or"r71 #h4 ,,face4 ,if ! fir/ comm& be ,,"r ,,face1 ! "r half ( ! gu>d only w execute ! movem5ts2 if ,,left ,,face1 ! left half only w execute !m4 ,! comm& ,,halt is giv5 :5 suffici5t int]val is obta9$ to admit ! prison]s4 ,! doors ( ! gu>droom & cells are !n op5$ by ! noncommission$ (fic] hav+ ! keys4 ,! prison]s w file out "u ! sup]vision ( ! s]geant1 ! noncommission$ (fic]1 & s5t9el on duty at ! gu>dh\se1 & su* o!r s5t9els all may be necess>y2 !y w =m 9 l9e 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! two p>ts ( ! gu>d4 #ajj4 ,to return ! prison]s to ! gu>droom & cells1 ! s]geant comm&s2 #a4 ,prison]s1 #b4 ,"r7orleft71 #c4 ,,face1 #d4 ,column"r7orleft71 #e4 ,,m>*4 ,! prison]s1 "u ! same sup]vision z be=e1 return to _! prop] rooms or cells4 #aja4 ,to close ! gu>d4 ! s]geant comm&s3 #a4 ,left7or "r71 #b4 ,,face1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*1 #e4 ,gu>d1 #f4 ,,halt1 #g4 ,"r7orleft71 #h4 ,,face4 ,! left or "r half only ( ! gu>d1 z indicat$1 executes ! movem5t4 #ajb4 ,if !re be b few prison]s1 ! s]geant may indicate ! po9t ( division z above1 & =m ! necess>y int]val by ! comm&s3 #a4 ,"r7orleft7/ep1 #b4 ,,m>*3 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d4 ,,halt1 & close ! int]vals by ! comm&s3 #a4 ,left7or"r7/ep1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d4 ,,halt4 #ajc4 ,if s5t9els are num]\s1 reliefs may1 at ! discretion ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 be po/$ 9 deta*m5ts1 & s]geants1 z well z corporals1 requir$ to relieve & po/ !m4 ,,section #f4 ,,corporal ,,( ,,! ,,gu>d4 #ajd4 ,a corporal ( ! gu>d receives & obeys ord]s f none b noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d s5ior to himself1 ! (fic]s ( ! gu>d1 ! (fic] ( ! day1 & ! comm&+ (fic]4 #aje4 ,x is ! duty ( ! corporal ( ! gu>d to po/ & relieve s5t9els & to in/ruct ! memb]s ( 8 relief 9 _! ord]s & duties4 #ajf4 ,imm$iately aft] ! division ( ! gu>d into reliefs ! corporals w assign ! memb]s ( _! respective reliefs to po/s by numb]1 & a soldi] s assign$ to 8 po/ w n be *ang$ to ano!r dur+ ! same t\r ( gu>d duty1 unless by direction ( ! comm&] ( ! gu>d or high] au?ority4 ,usually1 exp]i5c$ soldi]s are plac$ ov] ! arms ( ! gu>d1 & at remote & responsible po/s4 #ajg4 ,ea* corporal w !n make a li/ ( ! memb]s ( 8 relief1 includ+ himself4 ,?is li/ w conta9 ! numb] ( ! relief1 ! "n1 ! company1 & ! regim5t ( e memb] !re(1 & ! po/ to :i* ea* is assign$4 ,! li/ w be made 9 duplicate1 "o copy to be giv5 to ! s]geant ( ! gu>d z soon z complet$1 ! o!r to be reta9$ by ! corporal4 #ajh4 ,:5 direct$ by ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 ! corporal ( ! fir/ relief =ms 8 relief1 & !n comm&s3 ,,call ,,(f4 ,comm5c+ on ! "r1 ! m5 call (f alt]nately re> & front rank1 "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 & s on2 x 9 s+le rank1 !y call (f f "r to left4 ,! corporal !n comm&s3 #a4 ,"r1 #b4 ,,face1 #c4 ,=w>d1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,! corporal m>*es on ! left1 & ne> ! re> file1 9 ord] to obs]ve ! m>*4 ,! corporal ( ! old gu>d m>*es on ! "r ( ! lead+ file1 & takes comm& :5 ! la/ "o ( ! old s5t9els is reliev$1 *ang+ places ) ! corporal ( ! new gu>d4 #aji4 ,:5 ! relief arrives at six paces f a s5t9el 7see p>4 #afh71 ! corporal halts x & comm&s1 accord+ to ! numb] ( ! po/3 ,no4 7----47 ,bo? s5t9els execute port arms or sab]2 ! new s5t9el approa*es ! old1 halt+ ab\t "o pace f him4 7,see p>4 #agb47 #aaj4 ,! corporals advance & place !mselves1 fac+ ea* o!r1 a little 9 advance ( ! new s5t9el1 ! old corporal on 8 "r1 ! new corporal on 8 left1 bo? at "r %\ld]1 & obs]ve t ! old s5t9el transmits correctly 8 in/ructions4 ,! foll[+ diagram w illu/rate ! positions tak53 ,a ,r - ,c ,d - ,b ,r is ! relief2 ,a1 ! new corporal2 ,b1 ! old2 ,c1 ! new s5t9el2 ,d1 ! old4 #aaa4 ,! in/ructions relative to ! po/ hav+ be5 communicat$1 ! new corporal comm&s4 ,po/3 bo? s5t9els !n resume ! "r %\ld]1 face t[>d ! new corporal & /ep back s z to all[ ! relief to pass 9 front ( !m4 ,! new corporal !n comm&s3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,m>*2 ! old s5t9el takes 8 place 9 re> ( ! relief z x passes him1 8 piece 9 ! same position z ^? ( ! relief4 ,! new s5t9el /&s fa/ at a "r %\ld] until ! relief has pass$ six paces beyond him1 :5 he walks 8 po/4 ,! corporals take _! places z ! relief passes !m4 #aab4 ,m\nt$ s5t9els are po/$ & reliev$ 9 accordance ) ! same pr9ciples4 #aac4 ,on ! return ( ! old relief1 ! corporal ( ! new gu>d falls out :5 ! relief halts2 ! corporal ( ! old gu>d =ms 8 relief on ! left ( ! old gu>d1 salutes1 & reports to ! comm&] ( 8 gu>d3 ,sir1 ! relief is pres5t2 or ,sir1 7s & s7 is abs5t1 & takes 8 place 9 ! gu>d4 #aad4 ,to po/ a relief o!r ?an t :i* is po/$ :5 ! old gu>d is reliev$1 its corporal comm&s3 #a4 7,su*7relief1 #b4 ,,fall ,,92 & if arms are /ack$1 !y are tak5 at ! prop] comm&s4 ,! relief is =m$ fac+ to ! front1 ) arms at an ord]1 ! m5 place !mselves accord+ to ! numb]s ( _! respective po/s1 viz1 two1 f\r1 six1 & s on1 9 ! front rank1 & "o1 ?ree1 five1 & s on1 9 ! re> rank4 ,! corporal1 /&+ ab\t two paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( 8 relief1 !n comm&s3 ,,call ,,(f4 ,! m5 call (f z prescrib$4 ,! corporal !n comm&s3 #a4 ,inspection1 #b4 ,,arms1 #c4 ,ord]1 #d4 ,,arms2 faces ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 executes ! rifle salute1 reports3 ,sir1 ! relief is pres5t 2 or ,sir1 7s & s7 is abs5t2 he !n takes 8 place on ! "r at ord] arms4 #aae4 ,:5 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d directs ! corporal1 ,,po/ ,,y\r ,,relief1 ! corporal salutes & po/s 8 relief z prescrib$ 7,p>s4 #ajh to #aaa72 ! corporal ( ! relief on po/ does n g ) ! new relief1 except :5 necess>y to %[ ! way4 #aaf4 ,to dismiss ! old relief1 x is halt$ & fac$ to ! front at ! gu>dh\se by ! corporal ( ! new relief1 :o !n falls out2 ! corporal ( ! old relief !n /eps 9 front ( ! relief & dismisses x by ! prop] comm&s4 #aag4 ,%\ld ! pieces h be5 load$ be=e ! relief 0 po/$1 ! corporal w1 be=e dismiss+ ! relief1 see t no c>tridges are left 9 ! *amb]s or magaz9es4 ,! same rule applies to s5t9els ov] prison]s4 #aah4 ,ea* corporal w ?or\ghly acqua9t himself ) all ! special ord]s ( e s5t9el on 8 relief1 & see t ea* und]/&s & correctly transmits su* ord] 9 detail to 8 successor4 #aai4 ,!re %\ld be at lea/ "o noncommission$ (fic] con/antly on ! al]t at ! gu>dh\se1 usually ! corporal ^: relief is on po/4 ,?is noncommission$ (fic] takes po/ ne> ! entrance ( ! gu>dh\se1 & does n fall 9 ) ! gu>d :5 x is =m$4 ,he w h 8 rifle con/antly ) him4 #abj4 ,:5ev] x becomes necess>y = ! corporal to leave 8 po/ ne> ! entrance ( ! gu>dh\se1 he w notify ! s]geant ( ! gu>d1 :o w at once take 8 place1 or designate ano!r noncommission$ (fic] to d s4 #aba4 ,he w see t no p]son ent]s ! gu>dh\se or gu>d t5t1 or crosses ! po/s ( ! s5t9els !re po/$ )\t prop] au?ority4 #abb4 ,%\ld any s5t9el call = ! corporal ( ! gu>d1 ! corporal w1 9 e case1 at once & quickly proce$ to su* s5t9el4 ,he w notify ! s]geant ( ! gu>d be=e leav+ ! gu>dh\se4 #abc4 ,he w at once report to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d any violation ( regulations or any unusual occurr5ce :i* is report$ to him by a s5t9el1 or :i* comes to 8 notice 9 any o!r way4 #abd4 ,%\ld a s5t9el call ,! ,gu>d1 ! corporal w promptly notify ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #abe4 ,%\ld a s5t9el call ,relief1 ! corporal w at once proce$ to ! po/ ( su* s5t9el1 tak+ ) him ! man next = duty on t po/4 ,if ! s5t9el is reliev$ = a %ort "t only1 ! corporal w aga9 po/ him z soon z ! necessity = 8 relief ceases4 #abf4 ,:5 ! c\nt]sign is us$1 ! corporal at ! po/+ ( ! relief dur+ ^: t\r *all5g+ is to beg9 gives ! c\nt]sign to ! memb]s ( ! relief1 except+ ^? po/$ at ! gu>dh\se4 #abg4 ,he w wake ! corporal ^: relief is next on po/ 9 "t = ! latt] to v]ify ! prison]s1 =m 8 relief1 & po/ x at ! prop] h\r4 #abh4 ,%\ld ! gu>d be turn$ out1 ea* corporal w call 8 own relief1 & cause its memb]s to fall 9 promptly4 #abi4 ,t5ts or bunks 9 ! same vic9ity w be designat$ = ! reliefs s t all ! memb]s ( ea* relief may1 if necess>y1 be f\nd & turn$ out by ! corporal 9 ! lea/ "t & ) ! lea/ confusion4 #acj4 ,:5 *all5g$ by a s5t9el :ile po/+ 8 relief1 ! corporal comm&s3 #a4 ,relief1 #b4 ,,halt2 to ! s5t9el's *all5ge he answ]s ,relief1 & at ! ord] ( ! s5t9el he advances alone to give ! c\nt]sign1 or to be recogniz$4 ,:5 ! s5t9el says1 ,advance relief1 ! corporal comm&s3 #a4 ,=w>d1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,if to be reliev$1 ! s5t9el is !n reliev$ z prescrib$4 #aca4 ,betwe5 retreat & reveille1 ! corporal ( ! gu>d w *all5ge all suspici\s look+ p]sons or p>ties he may obs]ve1 fir/ halt+ 8 patrol or relief1 if ei!r be ) him4 ,he w advance !m 9 ! same mann] t s5t9els on po/ advance l p>ties 7p>s4 #aia to #aig71 b if ! r\te ( a patrol is on a cont9u\s *a9 ( s5t9els1 he %\ld n *all5ge p]sons com+ ne> him unless he has reason to believe t !y h elud$ ! vigilance ( s5t9els4 #acb4 ,betwe5 retreat & reveille1 :5ev] s ord]$ by an (fic] entitl$ to inspect ! gu>d1 ! corporal w call3 ,turn out ! gu>d1 ann\nc+ ! title ( ! (fic]1 & !n1 if n o!rwise ord]$1 he w salute & return to 8 po/4 #acc4 ,z a g5]al rule he w advance p>ties approa*+ ! gu>d at night 9 ! same mann] t s5t9els on po/ advance l p>ties4 ,?us1 ! s5t9el at ! gu>dh\se *all5ges & repeats ! answ] to ! corporal1 z prescrib$ h]eaft] 7p>4 #bjj72 ! corporal1 advanc+ at port arms1 says3 ,advance 7s & s7 ) ! c\nt]sign1 or to be recogniz$1 if !re be no c\nt]sign us$2 ! c\nt]sign be+ correctly giv51 or ! p>ty be+ duly recogniz$1 ! corporal says3 ,advance 7s & s71 repeat+ ! answ] to ! *all5ge ( ! s5t9el4 #acd4 ,:5 (fic]s ( diff]5t rank approa* ! gu>dh\se f diff]5t directions at ! same "t1 ! s5ior w be advanc$ fir/1 & w n be made to wait = 8 junior4 #ace4 ,out ( ranks & "u arms1 ! corporal salutes ) ! rifle salute4 ,he w salute all (fic]s1 :e!r by day or night4 #acf4 ,! corporal w exam9e p>ties halt$ & deta9$ by s5t9els1 &1 if he h reason to believe ! p>ties h no au?ority to cross s5t9el's po/s1 w conduct !m to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #acg4 ,! corporal ( ! gu>d w arre/ all suspici\s look+ *>act]s pr[l+ ab\t ! po/ or camp1 all p]sons ( a disord]ly "* di/urb+ ! peace1 & all p]sons tak5 9 ! act ( committ+ crime aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t on a milit>y res]vation or po/4 ,all p]sons arre/$ by corporals ( ! gu>d or by s5t9els w at once be conduct$ to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d by ! corporal4 ,,section #g4 ,,musicians ,,( ,,! ,,gu>d4 #ach4 ,! musicians ( ! gu>d w s\nd calls z prescrib$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #aci4 ,%\ld ! gu>d be turn$ out = national or regim5tal colors or /&>ds1 uncas$1 ! field music ( ! gu>d w1 :5 ! gu>d pres5t arms1 s\nd1 ,to ! color or ,to ! /&>d2 or1 if = any p]son entitl$ !reto1 ! m>*1 fl\ri%es1 or ruffles1 prescrib$ 9 p>agraphs #cge1 #cgf1 & #cgg1 ,a4 ,r4 ,,section #h4 ,,ord]lies ,,& ,,color ,,s5t9els4 #adj4 ,:5 s direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 ! (fic] :o inspects ! gu>d at gu>d m\nt+ w select f ! memb]s ( ! new gu>d an ord]ly = ! comm&+ (fic] & su* numb] ( o!r ord]lies & color s5t9els z may be requir$4 #ada4 ,= ^! positions ! soldi]s w be *os5 :o are mo/ correct 9 ! p]=mance ( duty & 9 milit>y be>+1 neate/ 9 p]son & clo?+1 & ^: arms & acc\t]m5ts are 9 ! be/ condition4 ,clo?+1 arms1 & equipm5ts mu/ con=m to regulations4 ,if !re is any d\bt z to ! relative qualifications ( two or m soldi]s1 ! inspect+ (fic] w cause !m to fall out at ! gu>dh\se & to =m 9 l9e 9 s+le rank4 ,he w !n1 by te/+ !m 9 drill regulations1 select ! mo/ pr(ici5t4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w be notifi$ ( ! selection4 #adb4 ,:5 direct$ by ! comm&] ( ! gu>d to fall out & report an ord]ly w give 8 "n1 company1 & regim5t to ! s]geant ( ! gu>d1 &1 leav+ 8 rifle 9 ! arm rack 9 8 company qu>t]s1 w proce$ at once to ! (fic] to :om he is assign$1 report+3 ,sir1 ,private ----1 ,company ----1 reports all ord]ly4 #adc4 ,if ! ord]ly select$ be a cavalryman1 he w leave 8 rifle 9 ! arm rack ( 8 troop qu>t]s1 & report ) 8 belt on1 b )\t side arms unless specially o!rwise ord]$4 #add4 ,ord]lies1 :ile on duty z su*1 are subject only to ! ord]s ( ! comm&+ (fic] & ( ! (fic]s to :om !y are ord]$ to report4 #ade4 ,:5 an ord]ly is ord]$ to c>ry a message1 he w be c>eful to deliv] x exactly z x 0 giv5 to him4 #adf4 ,8 t\r ( duty ends :5 he is reliev$ by ! ord]ly select$ f ! gu>d reliev+ 8 own4 #adg4 ,ord]lies are memb]s ( ! gu>d1 & _! "n1 company1 & regim5t are ent]$ on ! gu>d report & li/s ( ! gu>d4 #adh4 ,if a color l9e is e/abli%$1 suffici5t s5t9els are plac$ on ! color l9e to gu>d ! colors & /acks4 #adi4 ,color s5t9els are po/$ only s long z ! /acks are =m$4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w divide ! "t equally among !m4 #aej4 ,:5 /acks are brok51 ! color s5t9els may be p]mitt$ to return to _! respective companies4 ,!y are requir$ to report 9 p]son to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d at reveille & retreat4 ,!y w fall 9 ) ! gu>d1 "u arms1 at gu>d m\nt+4 #aea4 ,color s5t9els are n plac$ on ! regul> reliefs1 nor are _! po/s numb]$4 ,9 call+ = ! corporal ( ! gu>d1 !y call3 ,corporal ( ! gu>d4 ,color l9e4 #aeb4 ,(fic]s or enli/$ m5 pass+ ! uncas$ colors w r5d] ! prescrib$ salute4 ,if ! colors are on ! /acks1 ! salute w be made on cross+ ! color l9e or on pass+ ! colors4 #aec4 ,a s5t9el plac$ ov] ! colors w n p]mit !m to be mov$ except 9 ! pres5ce ( an arm$ escort4 ,unless o!rwise ord]$ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 he w all[ no "o to t\* !m b ! color be>]4 ,he w n p]mit any soldi] to take arms f ! /acks or to t\* !m except by ord] ( an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d4 ,if any p]son pass+ ! colors or cross+ ! color l9e falls to salute ! colors1 ! s5t9el w caution him to d s1 & if ! caution be n he$$ he w call ! corporal ( ! gu>d & report ! facts4 ,,section #i4 ,,privates ,,( ,,! ,,gu>d4 #aed4 ,privates are assign$ to reliefs by ! comm&] or ! gu>d1 & to po/s usually by ! corporal ( _! relief4 ,!y w n *ange f "o relief or po/ to ano!r dur+ ! same t\r ( gu>d duty unless by prop] au?ority4 ,,section #aj4 ,,ord]s ,,= ,,s5t9els4 #aee4 ,ord]s = s5t9els are ( two classes3 ,g5]al ord]s & special ord]s4 ,g5]al ord]s apply to all s5t9els4 ,special ord]s relate to p>ticul> po/s & duties4 #aef4 ,s5t9els w be requir$ to memorize ! foll[+3 ,my g5]al ord]s are3 #a4 ,to take *>ge ( ?is po/ & all ,gov]nm5t prop]ty 9 view4 #b4 ,to walk my po/ 9 a milit>y mann] keep+ always on ! al]t & obs]v+ ev]y?+ t takes place )9 sight or he>+4 #c4 ,to report all violations ( ord]s ,i am in/ruct$ to en=ce4 #d4 ,to repeat all calls f po/s m di/ant f ! gu>d h\se ?an my own4 #e4 ,to quit my po/ only :5 prop]ly reliev$4 #f4 ,to receive1 obey1 & pass on to ! s5t9el :o relieves me all ord]s f ! comm&+ (fic]1 (fic] ( ! day1 & (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d only4 #g4 ,to talk to no "o except 9 l9e ( duty4 #h4 ,9 case ( fire or disord] to give ! al>m4 #i4 ,to all[ no "o to commit a nuisance on or ne> my po/4 #aj4 ,9 any case n cov]$ by in/ructions to call ! corporal ( ! gu>d4 #aa4 ,to salute all (fic]s1 & all colors & /&>ds n cas$4 #ab4 ,to be especially wat*ful at night & dur+ ! "t = *all5g+1 to *all5ge all p]sons on or ne> my po/ & to all[ no "o to pass )\t prop] au?ority4 ,,regulations ,,relat+ ,,to ,,! ,,g5]al ,,ord]s ,,= ,,s5t9els4 ,no4 #a3 ,to take *>ge ( ?is po/ & all ,gov]nm5t prop]ty 9 view4 #aeg4 ,all p]sons1 ( :atev] rank 9 ! s]vice1 are requir$ to obs]ve respect t[>d s5t9els & memb]s ( ! gu>d :5 su* are 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duties4 #aeh4 ,a s5t9el w at once report to ! corporal ( ! gu>d e unusual or suspici\s occurr5ce not$4 #aei4 ,he w arre/ suspici\s p]sons pr[l+ ab\t ! po/ or camp at any "t1 all p>ties to a disord] occurr+ on or ne> 8 po/1 & all1 except au?oriz$ p]sons1 :o attempt to ent] ! camp at night1 & w turn ov] ro ! corporal ( ! gu>d all p]sons arre/$4 #afj4 ,! numb]1 limits1 & ext5t ( 8 po/ w inv>iably con/itute "p ( ! special ord]s ( a s5t9el on po/4 ,! limits ( 8 po/ %\ld be s def9$ z to include e place to :i* he is requir$ to g 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 duties4 ,no4 #b3 ,to walk my po/ 9 a milit>y mann]1 keep+ always on ! al]t & obs]v+ ev]y?+ t takes place )9 sight or he>+4 #afa4 ,a s5t9el is n requir$ to halt & *ange ! position ( 8 rifle on arriv+ at ! end ( 8 po/1 nor to execute ,,to ,,! ,,re>1 ,,m>*1 precisely z prescrib$ 9 ! drill regulations1 b faces ab\t :ile walk+ 9 ! mann] mo/ conv5i5t to him & at any "p ( 8 po/ z may be be/ suit$ to ! prop] p]=mance ( 8 duties4 ,he c>ries 8 rifle on ei!r %\ld]1 & 9 wet or sev]e wea!r1 :5 n 9 a s5try box1 may c>ry x at a secure4 #afb4 ,s5t9els :5 9 s5try boxes /& at ease4 ,s5try boxes w be us$ 9 wet wea!r only1 or at o!r times :5 specially au?oriz$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #afc4 ,9 v hot wea!r1 s5t9els may be au?oriz$ to /& at ease on _! po/s1 provid$ !y c effectively dis*>ge _! duties 9 ?is position2 b !y w take advantage ( ?is privilege only on ! express au?ority ( ! (fic] ( ! day or ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 #afd4 ,a m\nt$ s5t9el may dism\nt occasionally & lead 8 horse1 b w n relax 8 vigilance4 ,no4 #c3 ,to report all violations ( ord]s ,i am in/ruct$ to en=ce4 #afe4 ,a s5t9el w ord9>ily report a violation ( ord]s :5 he is inspect$ or reliev$1 b if ! case be urg5t1 he w call ! corporal ( ! gu>d1 & also1 if necess>y1 w arre/ ! (f5d]4 ,no4 #d3 ,to repeat all calls f po/s m di/ant f ! gu>dh\se ?an my own4 #aff4 ,to call ! corporal ( ! gu>d = any purpose o!r ?an relief1 fire1 or disord] 7p>s4 #afg & #agh71 a s5t9el w call1 ,corporal ( ! gu>d1 ,no4 7----71 add+ ! numb] ( 8 po/4 ,9 no case w any s5t9el call1 ,nev] m9d ! corporal2 nor w ! corporal he$ su* call if giv54 ,no4 #e3 ,to quit my po/ only :5 prop]ly reliev$4 #afg4 ,if relief becomes necess>y1 by reason ( sickness or o!r cause1 a s5t9el w call1 ,corporal ( ! gu>d1 ,no4 7----71 ,relief1 giv+ ! numb] ( 8 po/4 #afh4 ,:5ev] a s5t9el is to be reliev$1 he w halt1 & ) arms at a "r %\ld]1 w face t[>d ! relief1 :5 x is #cj paces f him4 ,he w come to a port arms ) ! new s5t9el1 & 9 a l[ tone w transmit to him all ! special ord]s relat+ to ! po/ & any o!r in=mation :i* w assi/ him to bett] p]=m 8 duties4 ,no4 #f3 ,to receive1 obey1 & pass on to ! s5t9el :o relieves me1 all ord]s f ! comm&+ (fic]1 (fic] ( ! day1 & (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d only4 #afi4 ,dur+ 8 t\r ( duty a soldi] is subject to ! ord]s ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 (fic] ( ! day1 & (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d only2 b any (fic] is compet5t to inve/igate app>5t violations ( regulations by memb]s ( ! gu>d4 #agj4 ,a s5t9el w quit 8 piece on an explicit ord] f any p]son f :om he lawfully receives ord]s :ile on po/2 "u no circum/ances w he yield x to any o!r p]son4 ,unless necessity !re= exi/s1 no p]son w require a s5t9el to quit 8 piece1 ev5 to all[ x to be inspect$4 #aga4 ,a s5t9el w n divulge ! c\nt]sign 7p>s4 #bji to #bag7 to anyone except ! s5t9el :o relieves him1 or to a p]son f :om he prop]ly receives ord]s1 on su* p]son's v]bal ord] giv5 p]sonally4 ,privates ( ! gu>d w n use ! c\nt]sign except 9 ! p]=mance ( _! duties :ile po/$ z s5t9els4 ,no4 #g3 ,to talk to no "o except 9 l9e ( duty4 #agb4 ,:5 call+ = any purpose1 *all5g+1 or hold+ communication ) any p]son a dism\nt$ s5t9el arm$ ) a rifle or sab] w take ! position ( port arms or sab]4 ,at night a dism\nt$ s5t9el arm$ ) a pi/ol takes ! position ( rais$ pi/ol 9 *all5g+ or hold+ communication4 ,a m\nt$ s5t9el does n ord9>ily draw 8 weapon 9 ! daytime :5 *all5g+ or hold+ conv]sation2 b if drawn1 he holds x at advance rifle1 raise pi/ol1 or port sab]1 accord+ z he is arm$ ) a rifle1 pi/ol1 or sab]4 ,at night 9 *all5g+ & hold+ conv]sation 8 weapon is drawn & held z j prescrib$1 dep5d+ on :e!r he is arm$ ) a rifle1 pi/ol1 or sab]4 ,no4 #h3 ,9 case ( fire or disord] to give ! al>m4 #agc4 ,9 case ( fire1 a s5t9el w call1 ,fire1 ,no4 7----71 add+ ! numb] ( 8 po/2 if possible1 he w ext+ui% ! fire himself4 ,9 case ( disord] he w call1 ,! ,gu>d1 ,no4 7----71 add+ ! numb] ( 8 po/4 ,if ! dang] be great1 he w 9 ei!r case dis*>ge 8 piece be=e call+4 ,no4 #aa3 ,to salute all (fic]s & all colors & /&>ds n cas$4 #agd4 ,:5 n engag$ 9 ! p]=mance ( a specific duty1 ! prop] execution ( :i* w\ld prev5t x1 a memb] ( ! gu>d w salute all (fic]s :o pass him4 ,?is rule applies at all h\rs ( ! day or night1 except 9 ! case ( m\nt$ s5t9els arm$ ) a rifle or pi/ol1 or dism\nt$ s5t9els arm$ ) a pi/ol1 aft] *all5g+4 7,see p>4 #aha47 #age4 ,s5t9els w salute z foll[s3 ,a dism\nt$ s5t9el arm$ ) a rifle or sab]1 salutes by pres5t+ arms2 if o!rwise arm$1 he salutes ) ! "r h&4 ,a m\nt$ s5t9el1 if arm$ ) a sab] & ! sab] be drawn1 salutes by pres5t+ sab]2 o!rwise he salutes 9 all cases ) ! "r h&4 #agf4 ,to salute1 a dism\nt$ s5t9el1 ) piece at a "r %\ld] or sab] at a c>ry1 halts & faces t[>d ! p]son to be salut$ :5 ! latt] arrives )9 #cj paces4 ,! limit )9 :i* individuals & insignia ( rank c be readily recogniz$ is assum$ to be ab\t #cj paces1 & !re=e at ?is di/ance cognizance is tak5 ( ! p]son or p>ty to be salut$4 #agg4 ,! salute is r5d]$ at six paces2 if ! p]son to be salut$ does n arrive )9 t di/ance1 !n :5 he is ne>e/4 #agh4 ,a s5t9el 9 a s5try box1 arm$ ) a rifle1 /&s at att5tion 9 ! doorway on ! approa* ( a p]son or p>ty entitl$ to salute1 & salutes by pres5t+ arms accord+ to ! =ego+ rules4 ,if arm$ ) a sab]1 he /&s at a c>ry & salutes z be=e4 #agi4 ,a m\nt$ s5t9el on a regul> po/1 halts1 faces1 & salutes 9 accordance ) ! =ego+ rules4 ,if do+ patrol duty1 he salutes1 b does n halt unless spok5 to4 #ahj4 ,s5t9els salute1 9 accordance ) ! =ego+ rules1 all p]sons & p>ties entitl$ to complim5ts f ! gu>ds 7p>s4 #bbd1 #bbg1 & #bbh72 (fic]s ( ! ,army1 ,navy1 & ,m>9e ,corps2 milit>y & naval (fic]s ( =eign p[]s2 (fic]s ( volunte]s & militia (fic]s :5 9 uni=m4 #aha4 ,a s5t9el salutes z j prescrib$ :5 an (fic] comes on 8 po/2 if ! (fic] holds communication ) ! s5t9el1 ! s5t9el aga9 salutes :5 ! (fic] leaves him4 ,dur+ ! h\rs :5 *all5g+ is prescrib$1 ! fir/ salute is giv5 z soon z ! (fic] has be5 duly recogniz$ & advanc$4 ,a m\nt$ s5t9el arm$ ) a rifle or pi/ol1 or a dism\nt$ s5t9el arm$ ) a pi/ol1 does n salute aft] *all5g+4 ,he /&s at advance rifle or raise pi/ol until ! (fic] passes4 #ahb4 ,9 case ( ! approa* ( an arm$ p>ty ( ! gu>d1 ! s5t9el w halt :5 x is ab\t #cj paces f him1 fac+ t[>d ! p>ty ) 8 piece at ! "r %\ld]4 ,if n himself reliev$1 he w1 z ! p>ty passes1 place himself s t ! p>ty w pass 9 front ( him2 he resumes walk+ 8 po/ :5 ! p>ty has rea*$ six paces beyond him4 #ahc4 ,an (fic] is entitl$ to ! complim5ts prescrib$1 :e!r 9 uni=m or n4 #ahd4 ,a s5t9el 9 communication ) an (fic] w n int]rupt ! conv]sation to salute4 ,9 ! case ( s5iors ! (fic] w salute1 :]eupon ! s5t9el w salute4 #ahe4 ,:5 ! flag is be+ l[]$ at retreat1 a s5t9el on po/ & 9 view ( ! flag w face ! flag1 &1 at ! fir/ note ( ! ,/> ,spangl$ ,bann] or to ! color w come to a pres5t arms4 ,at ! s\nd+ ( ! la/ note he w resume walk+ 8 po/4 ,no4 #ab3 ,to be especially wat*ful at night & dur+ ! "t = *all5g+1 to *all5ge all p]sons on or ne> my po/1 & to all[ no "o to pass )\t prop] au?ority4 #ahf4 ,dur+ *all5g+ h\rs1 x a s5t9el sees any p]son or p>ty on or ne> 8 po/1 he w advance rapidly along 8 po/ t[>d su* p]son or p>ty & :5 )9 ab\t #cj y>ds w *all5ge %>ply1 ,halt1 ,:o is !re6 ,he w place himself 9 ! be/ possible position to receive or1 if necess>y1 to arre/ ! p]son or p>ty4 #ahg4 ,9 case a m\nt$ p>ty be *all5g$1 ! s5t9el w call1 ,halt1 ,dism\nt4 ,:o is !re8 #ahh4 ,! s5t9el w p]mit only "o ( any p>ty to approa* him = ! purpose ( giv+ ! c\nt]sign 7p>s4 #bji to #bag71 or1 if no c\nt]sign be us$1 ( be+ duly recogniz$4 ,:5 ?is is done ! :ole p>ty is advanc$1 i4 e41 all[$ to pass4 #ahi4 ,9 all cases ! s5t9el mu/ satisfy himself beyond a reasonable d\bt t ! p>ties are :at !y repres5t !mselves to be & h a "r to pass4 ,if he is n satisfi$1 he mu/ cause !m to /& & call ! corporal ( ! gu>d4 ,s1 likewise1 if he h no au?ority to pass p]sons ) ! c\nt]sign1 or :5 ! p>ty has n ! c\nt]sign1 or gives all incorrect "o4 #aij4 ,a s5t9el w n p]mit any p]son to approa* s close z to prev5t ! prop] use ( 8 own weapon be=e recogniz+ ! p]son or receiv+ ! c\nt]sign4 #aia4 ,:5 two or m p]sons approa* 9 "o p>ty1 ! s5t9el1 on receiv+ an answ] t indicates t "s "o 9 ! p>ty has ! c\nt]sign1 w say1 ,advance "o ) ! c\nt]sign1 &1 if ! c\nt]sign is giv5 correctly1 w !n say1 ,advance 7s-&-s71 repeat+ ! answ] to 8 *all5ge4 ,?us x ! answ] be ,relief 7fri5d ) ! c\nt]sign1 patrol1 etc471 ! s5t9el w say1 ,advance "o ) ! c\nt]sign2 !n ,advance1 relief 7fri5ds1 patrol1 etc474 #aib4 ,if a p]son hav+ ! c\nt]sign approa* alone1 he advanc$ to give ! c\nt]sign4 ,?us if ! answ] be ,fri5d ) ! c\nt]sign 7or (fic] ( ! day1 or etc474 ! s5t9el w say1 ,advance1 fri5d 7or (fic] ( ! day1 or etc47 ) ! c\nt]sign2 !n ,advance1 fri5d 7or (fic] ( ! day1 or etc474 #aic4 ,if two or m p]sons approa* a s5t9el's po/ f diff]5t directions at ! same "t1 all su* p]sons are *all5g$ 9 turn & requir$ to halt & to rema9 halt$ until advanc$4 ,! s5ior is fir/ advanc$1 9 accordance ) ! =ego+ rules4 #aid4 ,if a p>ty is already advanc$ & 9 communication ) a s5t9el1 ! latt] w *all5ge any o!r p>ty t may approa*2 if ! p>ty *all5g$ be s5ior to ! "o already on 8 po/1 ! s5t9el w advance ! new p>ty at once4 ,! s5ior may all[ him to advance any or all ( ! o!r p>ties2 o!rwise ! s5t9el w n advance any ( !m until ! s5ior leaves him4 ,he w !n advance ! s5ior only ( ! rema9+ p>ties1 & s on4 #aie4 ,! foll[+ ord] ( rank w gov]n a s5t9el 9 advanc+ diff]5t p]sons or p>ties approa*+ 8 po/3 ,comm&+ (fic]s1 (fic] ( ! day1 (fic] ( ! gu>d1 (fic]s1 patrols1 reliefs1 noncommission$ (fic]s ( ! gu>d 9 ord] ( rank1 fri5ds4 #aif4 ,a s5t9el w nev] all[ himself to be surpris$1 nor p]mit two p>ties to advance ^u him at ! same "t4 #aig4 ,if no c\nt]sign be us$1 ! rules = *all5g+ are ! same4 ,! rules = advanc+ p>ties are modifi$ only z foll[s3 ,in/ead ( say+ ,advance 7s-&-s7 ) ! c\nt]sign1 ! s5t9el w say2 ,advance 7s-&-s7 to be recogniz$4 ,^u recognition he w say1 ,advance 7s-&-s74 #aih4 ,answ]s to a s5t9el's *all5ge int5d$ to confuse or mislead him are prohibit$1 b ! use ( su* an answ] z ,fri5ds ) ! c\nt]sign1 is n to be und]/ood z mislead+1 b z ! usual answ] made by (fic]s1 patrol1 etc41 :5 ! purpose ( _! visit makes x desirable t _! (ficial capacity %\ld n be ann\nc$4 ,,special ,,ord]s ,,= ,,s5t9els ,,at ,,! ,,po/ ,,( ,,! ,,gu>d4 #aii4 ,s5t9els po/$ at ! gu>d w be requir$ to memorize ! foll[+3 ,betwe5 reveille & retreat to turn out ! gu>d = all p]sons designat$ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 = all colors or /&>ds n cas$1 & 9 "t ( w> = all arm$ p>ties approa*+ my po/1 except troops at drill & reliefs & deta*m5ts ( ! gu>d4 ,at night aft] *all5g+ any p]son or p>ty1 to advance no "o b call ! corporal ( ! gu>d1 repeat+ ! answ] to ! *all5ge4 #bjj4 ,aft] receiv+ an answ] to 8 *all5ge1 ! s5t9el calls1 ,corporal ( ! gu>d 7s & s71 repeat+ ! answ] to ! *all5ge4 ,he does n 9 su* cases repeat ! numb] ( 8 po/4 #bja4 ,he rema9s 9 ! position assum$ 9 *all5g+ until ! corporal has recogniz$ or advanc$ ! p]son or p>ty *all5g$1 :5 he resumes walk+ 8 po/1 or1 if ! p]son or p>ty he entitl$ !reto1 he salutes &1 z soon z ! salute has be5 ackn[l$g$1 resumes walk+ 8 po/4 #bjb4 ,! s5t9el at ! po/ ( ! gu>d w be notifi$ by direction ( ! comm&+ (fic] ( ! pres5ce 9 camp or g>rison ( p]sons entitl$ to ! complim5t4 7,p>4 #bbd47 #bjc4 ,! foll[+ examples illu/rate ! mann] 9 :i* ! s5t9el at ! po/ ( ! gu>d w turn out ! gu>d ^u ! approa* ( p]sons or p>ties entitl$ to ! complim5t 7p>s4 #bbd1 #bbg1 & #bbh71 ,turn out ! gu>d1 comm&+ (fic]2 ,turn out ! gu>d1 gov]nor ( a ,t]ritory2 ,turn out ! gu>d1 national colors2 ,turn out ! gu>d1 arm$ p>ty2 etc4 ,at ! approa* ( ! new gu>d at gu>d m\nt+ ! s5t9el w call1 ,turn out ! gu>d1 arm$ p>ty4 #bjd4 ,%\ld ! p]son nam$ by ! s5t9el n desire ! gu>d =m$1 he w salute1 :]eupon ! s5t9el w call ,nev] m9d ! gu>d4 #bje4 ,aft] hav+ cull$ ,turn out ! gu>d1 ! s5t9el w nev] call ,nev] m9d ! gu>d1 on ! approa* ( an arm$ p>ty4 #bjf4 ,?\gh ! gu>d be already =m$ he w n fail to call1 ,turn out ! gu>d1 z requir$ 9 8 special ord]s1 except t ! gu>d w n be turn$ out = any p]son :ile 8 s5ior is at or com+ to ! po/ ( ! gu>d4 #bjg4 ,! s5t9els at ! po/ ( ! gu>d w w>n ! comm&] ( ! approa* ( any arm$ body & ( ! pres5ce 9 ! vic9ity ( all suspici\s or disord]ly p]sons4 #bjh4 ,9 case ( fire or disord] 9 sight or he>+1 ! s5t9el at ! gu>dh\se w call ! corporal ( ! gu>d & report ! facts to him4 ,,section #aa4 ,,c\nt]signs ,,& ,,p>oles4 #bji4 ,sev5ty-sev5?article(w>4--,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o makes kn[n ! p>ole or c\nt]sign to any p]son n entitl$ to receive x accord+ to ! rules & discipl9e ( w>1 or gives a p>ole or c\nt]sign diff]5t f t :i* he receiv$1 %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 7,see p>4 #aga47 #baj4 ,! ,,c\nt]sign is a ^w giv5 daily f ! pr9cipal headqu>t]s ( a comm& to aid gu>ds & s5t9els 9 id5tify+ p]sons :o may be au?oriz$ to pass at night4 ,x is giv5 to su* p]sons z may be au?oriz$ to pass & repass s5t9els' po/s dur+ ! night1 & to (fic]s1 noncommission$ (fic]s1 & s5t9els ( ! gu>d4 #baa4 ,! ,,p>ole is a ^w us$ z a *eck on ! c\nt]sign 9 ord] to obta9 m accurate id5tification ( p]sons4 ,x is imp>t$ only to ^? :o are entitl$ to inspect gu>ds & to comm&]s ( gu>ds4 ,! p>ole or c\nt]sign1 or bo?1 are s5t seal$ 9 ! =m ( an ord] to ^? entitl$ to !m4 #bab4 ,:5 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d dem&s ! p>ole1 he w advance & receive x z ! corporal receives ! c\nt]sign4 7,see p>4 #acc47 #bac4 ,z ! communications conta9+ ! p>ole & c\nt]sign mu/ at times be di/ribut$ by _m ord]lies1 ! p>ole intru/$ to _m (fic]s1 & ! c\nt]sign & p>ole to _m (fic]s & s5t9els1 & z bo? ! c\nt]sign & p>ole mu/1 = l>ge comm&s1 be prep>$ sev]al days 9 advance1 !re is always dang] ( _! be+ lo/ or becom+ kn[n to p]sons :o w\ld make improp] use ( !m2 moreov]1 a s5t9el is too apt to take x = grant$ t any p]son :o gives ! "r c\nt]sign is :at he repres5ts himself to be2 h5ce = outpo/ duty !re is great] security 9 omitt+ ! use ( ! c\nt]sign & p>ole1 or 9 us+ !m ) great caution4 ,! *ief reliance %\ld be ^u p]sonal recognition or id5tification ( all p]sons claim+ au?ority to pass4 ,p]sons ^: sole means ( id5tification is ! c\nt]sign1 or conc]n+ ^: au?ority to pass !re is a reasonable d\bt1 %\ld n be all[$ to pass )\t ! au?ority ( ! corporal ( ! gu>d aft] prop] inve/igation2 ! corporal w take to 8 next sup]ior any p]son ab\t :om he is n compet5t to decide4 #bad4 ,! ,,c\nt]sign is usually ! "n ( a battle2 ! ,,p>ole1 t ( a g5]al or o!r di/+ui%$ p]son4 #bae4 ,:5 !y c n be communicat$ daily1 a s]ies ( words = "s days 9 advance may be s5t to po/s or deta*m5ts t are to use ! same p>ole or c\nt]sign z ! ma9 body4 #baf4 ,if ! c\nt]sign be lo/1 or if a memb] ( ! gu>d des]ts ) x1 ! comm&] on ! spot w sub/itute ano!r = x & report ! case at once to headqu>t]s4 #bag4 ,9 addition to ! c\nt]sign1 use may be made ( pre-conc]t$ signals1 su* z /rik+ ! rifle ) ! h& or /rik+ ! h&s toge!r a c]ta9 numb] ( times z agre$ ^u4 ,su* signals may be us$ only by gu>ds t occupy expos$ po9ts4 ,!y are us$ be=e ! c\nt]sign is giv5 & mu/ n be communicat$ to anyone n entitl$ to "k ! c\nt]sign4 ,_! use is int5d$ to prev5t ! surprise ( a s5t9el4 ,9 ! daytime signals su* z rais+ a cap or a h&k]*ief 9 a pre>rang$ mann] may be us$ by s5t9els to communicate ) ! gu>d or ) ea* o!r4 ,,section #ab4 ,,gu>d ,,patrols4 #bah4 ,a gu>d patrol consi/s ( "o or m m5 detail$ = ! p]=mance ( "s special s]vice connect$ ) gu>d duty4 #bai4 ,if ! patrol be requir$ to g beyond ! *a9 ( s5t9els1 ! (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] 9 *>ge w be furni%$ ) ! c\nt]sign & ! outpo/s & s5t9els w>n$4 #bbj4 ,if *all5g$ by a s5t9el1 ! patrol is halt$ by its comm&]1 & ! noncommission$ (fic] accompany+ x advances alone & gives ! c\nt]sign4 ,,section #ac4 ,,wat*m54 #bba4 ,enli/$ m5 may be detail$ z wat*m5 or z ov]se]s ov] prison]s1 & z su* w receive _! ord]s & p]=m _! duties z ! comm&+ (fic] may direct4 ,,section #ad4 ,,complim5ts ,,f ,,gu>ds4 #bbb4 ,! complim5t f a gu>d consi/s 9 ! gu>d turn+ out & pres5t+ arms4 7,see p>4 #ej47 ,no complim5ts w be paid betwe5 retreat & reveille except z provid$ 9 p>agraphs #cfa & #cfb1 nor w any p]son o!r ?an ^? nam$ 9 p>agraph #bbd receive ! complim5t4 #bbc4 ,?\gh a gu>d does n turn out betwe5 retreat & reveille z a matt] ( complim5t x may be turn$ out = inspection at any "t by a p]son entitl$ to inspect x4 #bbd4 ,betwe5 reveille & retreat1 ! foll[+ p]sons are entitl$ to ! complim5t3 ,! ,presid5t2 sov]eign or *ief magi/rate ( a =eign c\ntry & memb]s ( a royal-family2 ,vice ,presid5t3 ,presid5t & ,presid5t pro tempore ( ! ,s5ate2 ,am]ican & =eign ambassadors2 memb]s ( ! ,cab9et2 ,*ief ,ju/ice2 ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 committees ( ,congress (ficially visit+ a milit>y po/2 gov]nors )9 _! respective ,/ates & ,t]ritories2 gov]nors g5]al2 ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,w> (ficially visit+ a milit>y po/2 all g5]al (fic]s ( ! ,army2 g5]al (fic]s ( =eign s]vices visit+ a po/2 naval1 m>9e1 volunte]1 & militia (fic]s 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & hold+ ! rank ( g5]al (fic]2 ,am]ican or =eign envoys or m9i/]s2 m9i/]s accr$it$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 *>ges d'affaires accr$it$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 consuls g5]al accr$it$ to ! ,unit$ ,suites2 comm&+ (fic] ( ! po/ or camp2 (fic] ( ! day4 #bbe4 ,! relative rank betwe5 (fic]s ( ! ,army & ,navy is z foll[s3 ,g5]al ) admiral1 lieut5ant g5]al ) vice admiral1 major g5]al ) re> admiral1 brigadi] g5]al ) commodore1#ac colonel ) capta91 lieut5ant colonel ) comm&]1 major ) lieut5ant comm&]1 capta9 ) lieut5ant1 fir/ lieut5ant ) lieut5ant 7junior grade71 second lieut5ant ) ensign4 7,a4 ,r4 #ab47 ,footnote #ac3 ,! grade ( commodore ceas$ to exi/ z a grade on ! active li/ ( ! ,navy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ,m>4 #c1 #ahii4 ,by section #g ( ! act ( ,m>4 #c4 #ahii1 ! n9e junior re> admirals are au?oriz$ to receive ! pay & all[ances ( a brigadi] g5]al ( ! ,army4 #bbf4 ,s5t9els w n be requir$ to memorize p>agraph #bbd1 &1 except 9 ! cases ( g5]al (fic]s ( ! ,army1 ! comm&+ (fic] & ! (fic] ( ! day w be advis$ 9 ea* case ( ! pres5ce 9 camp or g>rison ( p]sons entitl$ to ! complim5t4 #bbg4 ,gu>ds w turn out & pres5t arms :5 ! national or regim5tal colors or /&>ds1 n cas$1 are c>ri$ pa/ by a gu>d or an arm$ p>ty4 ,?is rule also applies :5 ! p>ty c>ry+ ! colors is at drill4 ,if ! drill is conduct$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! gu>dh\se1 ! gu>d w be turn$ out :5 ! colors fir/ pass1 & n !reaft]4 #bbh4 ,9 ease ! rema9s ( a deceas$ (fic] or soldi] are c>ri$ pa/1 ! gu>d w turn out & pres5t arms4 #bbi4 ,9 "t ( w> all gu>ds w turn out "u arms :5 arm$ p>ties1 except troops at drill & reliefs or deta*m5ts ( ! gu>d1 approa* _! po/4 7,see p>4 #ec47 #bcj4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w be notifi$ ( ! pres5ce 9 camp or g>rison ( all p]sons entitl$ to ! complim5t except g5]al (fic]s ( ! ,army1 ! comm&+ (fic]1 & ! (fic] ( ! day4 ,memb]s ( ! gu>d w salute all p]sons entitl$ to ! complim5t & all (fic]s 9 ! milit>y or naval s]vice ( =eign p[]s1 (fic]s ( ! ,army1 ,navy1 & ,m>9e ,corps1 (fic]s ( volunte]s1 & (fic]s ( militia :5 9 uni=m4 ,,g5]al ,,rules ,,conc]n+ ,,gu>d ,,duty4 #bcb4 ,eighty-fif?article(w>4-- ,any p]son subject to milit>y law1 except an (fic]1 :o is f\nd drunk on duty %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 #bcc4 ,all mat]ial in/ructions giv5 to a memb] ( ! gu>d by an (fic] hav+ au?ority w be promptly communicat$ to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d by ! (fic] giv+ !m4 #bcd4 ,%\ld ! gu>d be =m$1 soldi]s w fall 9 ranks "u arms4 ,at roll call ea* man1 z 8 "n or numb] & relief are call$1 w answ] ,"h1 & come to an ,,ord] ,,arms4 #bce4 ,:5ev] ! gu>d or a relief is dismiss$1 ea* memb] n at once requir$ = duty w place 8 rifle 9 ! arm racks1 if !y be provid$1 & w n remove x !refrom unless he requires x 9 ! p]=mance ( "s duty4 #bcf4 ,)\t p]mission f ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 memb]s ( ! ma9 gu>d1 except ord]lies1 w n leave ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! gu>dh\se4 ,p]mission to leave w n be grant$ except 9 cases ( necessity4 #bcg4 ,memb]s ( ! ma9 gu>d1 except ord]lies1 w n remove _! acc\t]m5ts or clo?+ )\t p]mission f ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 7,p>4 #ff47 ,,section #ae4 ,,prison]s4 #bch4 ,articles ( w> #fi1 #gj1 #ga1 #gb1 & #gc h special ref]5ce to ! conf9em5t ( prison]s & %\ld be c>efully borne 9 m9d4 #bci4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w place a civilian 9 conf9em5t on an ord] f high] au?ority only1 unless su* civilian is arre/$ :ile 9 ! act ( committ+ "s crime )9 ! limits ( ! milit>y jurisdiction1 9 :i* case ! comm&+ (fic] w be imm$iately notifi$4 #bdj4 ,except z provid$ 9 ! sixty-eigh? article ( w>1 or :5 re/ra9t is necess>y1 no soldi] w be conf9$ )\t ! ord] ( an (fic]1 :o %all previ\sly inquire into 8 (f5se4 7,a4 ,r4 #icj47 #bda4 ,an (fic] ord]+ a soldi] into conf9em5t w s5d1 z soon z practicable1 a writt5 /atem5t1 sign$ by himself1 to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d1 sett+ =? ! "n1 company1 & regim5t ( su* soldi]1 & a brief /atem5t ( ! alleg$ (f5se4 ,x is a suffici5t /atem5t ( ! (f5se to give ! numb] & article ( w> "u :i* ! soldi] is *>g$4 #bdb4 ,a prison]1 aft] 8 fir/ day ( conf9em5t1 & until 8 s5t5ce has be5 duly promulgat$1 is consid]$ z held 9 conf9em5t by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,aft] due promulgation ( 8 s5t5ce1 ! prison] is held 9 conf9em5t by au?ority ( ! (fic] :o reviews ! proce$+s ( ! c\rt aw>d+ s5t5ce4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d w /ate 9 8 report1 9 ! prop] place1 ! "n ( ! (fic] by :om ! prison] 0 orig9ally conf9$4 #bdc4 ,enli/$ m5 aga9/ :om *>ges h be5 pref]r$ w be designat$ z await+ trial2 enli/$ m5 :o h be5 tri$ w1 prior to ! promulgation ( ! result1 be designat$ z await+ result ( trial2 enli/$ m5 s]v+ s5t5ces ( conf9em5t n involv+ di%onorable dis*>ge1 w be designat$ z g>rison prison]s4 ,p]sons s5t5c$ to dismissal or di%onorable dis*>ge & to t]ms ( conf9em5t at milit>y po/s or else:]e w be designat$ z g5]al prison]s4 7,a4 ,r4 #ibh47 #bdd4 ,! s5t5ces ( prison]s w be read to !m :5 ! ord] promulgat+ ! same is receiv$4 ,! (fic] ( ! gu>d1 or ! (fic] ( ! day if !re be no (fic] ( ! gu>d1 w lead !m unless ! comm&+ (fic] %all direct o!rwise4 #bde4 ,:5 ! date = ! comm5cem5t ( a t]m ( conf9em5t impos$ by s5t5ce ( a c\rt-m>tial is n expressly fix$ by s5t5ce1 ! t]m ( conf9em5t beg9s on ! date ( ! (fic] promulgat+ x4 ,! s5t5ce is cont9u\s until ! t]m expires1 except :5 ! p]son s5t5c$ is abs5t )\t au?ority4 7,a4 ,r4 #ifi47 #bdf4 ,:5 soldi]s await+ trial or ! result ( trial1 or und]go+ s5t5ce commit (f5ses = :i* !y are tri$1 ! second s5t5ce w be execut$ ^u ! expiration ( ! fir/4 #bdg4 ,prison]s await+ trial by1 or und]go+ s5t5ce (1 a g5]al c\rt-m>tial & ^? conf9$ = s]i\s (f5ses w be kept ap>t1 :5 practicable1 f ^? conf9$ by s5t5ce ( an inf]ior c\rt or = m9or (f5ses4 ,enli/$ m5 9 conf9em5t = m9or (f5ses1 or await+ trial or ! result ( trial = ! same1 w ord9>ily be s5t to "w "u *>ge ( un>m$ ov]se]s in/ead ( arm$ s5t9els & w be requir$ att5d drills unless ! comm&+ (fic] %all direct o!rwise4 #bdh4 ,prison]s1 o!r ?an g5]al prison]s1 w be furni%$ ) food f _! respective companies or f ! organizations to :i* !y may be tempor>ily atta*$4 ,! food ( prison]s w1 :5 practicable1 be s5t to _! places ( conf9em5t1 b po/ comm&]s may arrange to s5d ! prison]s1 "u prop] gu>d1 to _! messes = meals4 ,:5 !re is no special mess = g5]al prison]s1 !y w be atta*$ = rations to companies4 ,enli/$ m5 br++ meals = ! prison]s w n be all[$ to ent] ! prison room4 7,see p>4 #bhi47 #bdi4 ,) ! exception ( ^? specially designat$ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 no prison]s w be all[$ to leave ! gu>dh\se unless "u *>ge ( a s5t9el & pass$ by an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d4 ,! comm&+ (fic] may au?orize c]ta9 g>rison prison]s & p>ol$ g5]al prison]s to leave ! gu>dh\se1 n "u ! *>ge ( a s5t9el1 = ! purpose ( work+ outside "u su* surveillance & re/rictions z he may impose4 #bej4 ,prison]s report+ !mselves sick at sick cull1 or at ! "t designat$ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 w be s5t to ! hospital "u *>ge ( prop] gu>d1 ) a sick report kept = ! purpose4 ,! recomm5dation ( ! surgeon w be ent]$ 9 ! gu>d report4 #bea4 ,! security ( sick prison]s 9 ! hospital devolves ^u ! po/ surgeon1 :o w1 if necess>y1 apply to ! po/ comm&] = a gu>d4 #beb4 ,prison]s w be p>ad$ ) ! gu>d only :5 direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic] or ! (fic] ( ! day4 #bec4 ,a prison] "u *>ge ( a s5t9el w n salute an (fic]4 #bed4 ,all s]viceable clo?+ :i* belongs to a prison]1 & 8 blankets1 w accompany him to ! po/ designat$ = 8 conf9em5t1 & w be fully itemiz$ on ! clo?+ li/ s5t to t po/4 ,! gu>d 9 *>ge ( ! prison] dur+ transf] w be furni%$ ) a duplicate ( ?is li/1 & w be held responsible = ! deliv]y ( all articles itemiz$ !re9 ) ! prison]4 ,at lea/ "o s]viceable wool5 blanket w be s5t ) e su* prison] s transf]r$4 7,a4,r4 #ici47 #bee4 ,:5 mattresses are n suppli$1 ea* prison] 9 ! gu>dh\se w be all[$ a b$ sack & #cj p\nds ( /raw p] mon? = b$d+4 ,s f> z practicable iron bunks w be furni%$ to all prison]s 9 po/ gu>dh\ses & prison room4 7,a4 ,r4 #ajhd47 #bef4 ,if ! numb] ( prison]s1 includ+ g5]al prison]s1 conf9$ at a po/ ju/ifies x1 ! comm&+ (fic] w detail a commission$ (fic] z (fic] 9 *>ge ( prison]s4 ,at po/s :]e ! av]age numb] ( prison]s cont9ually 9 conf9em5t is less ?an #ab1 ! detail ( an (fic] 9 *>ge ( prison]s w n be made4 ,,section #af4 ,,gu>d+ ,,prison]s4 #bii4 ,! s5t9el at ! po/ ( ! gu>d has *>ge ( ! prison]s except :5 !y h be5 turn$ ov] to ! prison] gu>d or ov]se]s4 7,p>s4 #bdg & #cjj to #cjd47 7a7 ,he w all[ none to escape4 7b7 ,he w all[ none to cross 8 po/ leav+ ! gu>dh\se except :5 pass$ by an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] ( ! gu>d4 7c7 ,he w all[ no "o to communicate ) prison]s )\t p]mission f prop] au?ority4 7d7 ,he w promptly report to ! corporal ( ! gu>d any suspici\s noise made by ! prison]s4 7e7 ,he w be prep>$ to tell1 :5ev] ask$1 h[ _m prison]s are 9 ! gu>dh\se & h[ _m are out at "w or else:]e4 ,:5ev] prison]s are br\ght to 8 po/ return+ f "w or else:]e1 he w halt !m & call ! corporal ( ! gu>d1 notify+ him ( ! numb] ( prison]s return+4 ,?us3 ,corporal ( ! gu>d1 7s _m74 ,prison]s4 ,he w n all[ prison]s to pass into ! gu>dh\se until ! corporal ( ! gu>d has respond$ to ! call & ord]$ him to d s4 #cjj4 ,:5ev] practicable1 special gu>ds w be detail$ = ! p>ticul> duty ( gu>d+ work+ p>ties compos$ ( su* prison]s z c n be plac$ "u ov]se]s4 7,p>4 #bdg47 #cja4 ,! prison] gu>d & ov]se]s w be comm&$ by ! police (fic]2 if !re be no police (fic]1 !n by ! (fic] ( ! day4 #cjb4 ,! provo/ s]geant is s]geant ( ! prison] gu>d & ov]se]s1 & z su* receives ord]s f ! comm&+ (fic] & ! comm&] ( ! prison] gu>d only4 #cjc4 ,details = prison] gu>d are m>*$ to ! gu>dh\se & m\nt$ by be+ inspect$ by ! comm&] ( ! ma9 gu>d1 :o det]m9es :e!r all ( ! m5 are 9 prop] condition to p]=m _! duties & :e!r _! arms & equipm5ts are 9 prop] condition1 & rejects any m5 f\nd unfit4 #cjd4 ,:5 prison]s h be5 turn$ ov] to ! prison] gu>d or ov]se]s1 su* gu>ds or ov]se]s are responsible = !m "u _! comm&]1 & all responsibility & control ( ! ma9 gu>d ceases until !y are return$ to ! ma9 gu>d4 7,p>4 #cjf47 #cje4 ,x a prison] attempts to escape1 ! s5t9el w call ,halt4 ,if he fails to halt :5 ! s5t9el has once repeat$ 8 call1 & if !re be no o!r possible means ( prev5t+ 8 escape1 ! s5t9el w fire ^u him4 ,! foll[+ w m fully expla9 ! important duties ( a s5t9el 9 ?is connection3 7,circul>47 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t4 ,,adjutant ,,g5]al',s ,,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1,novemb]#a1ahhg4 ,by direction ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>1 ! foll[+ is publi%$ = ! in=mation ( ! ,army3 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,circuit ,,c\rt1 ,,ea/]n ,,di/rict ,,( ,,mi*igan1 ,,augu/ #a1 #ahhg4 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,v4 ,,james ,,cl>k4 ,! circuit c\rt has jurisdiction ( a homicide committ$ by "o soldi] ^u ano!r )9 a milit>y res]vation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,if a homicide be committ$ by a milit>y gu>d )\t malice & 9 ! p]=mance ( 8 suppos$ duty z a soldi]1 su* homicide is excusable1 unless x 0 manife/ly beyond ! scope ( 8 au?ority or 0 su* t a man ( ord9>y s5se & und]/&+ w\ld "k t x 0 illegal4 ,x seems t ! s]geant ( ! gu>d has a "r to %oot a milit>y convict if !re be no o!r possible means ( prev5t+ 8 escape4 ,! common-law di/9ction betwe5 felonies & misdemeanors has no application to milit>y (f5ses4 ,:ile ! f9d+ ( a c\rt ( inquiry acquitt+ ! prison] ( all blame is n a legal b> to a prosecution1 x is entitl$ to weight z an expression ( ! views ( ! milit>y c\rt ( ! necessity ( us+ a musket to prev5t ! escape ( ! deceas$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ord] ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>3 ,r4 ,c4 ,,drum1 ,adjutant,g5]al4 ,! foll[+ is tak5 f ,circul> ,no4 #c1 ( #ahhc1 f ,headqu>t]s ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,columbia3 ,,vanc\v] ,,b>racks1 ,w4 ,t41 ,april#bj1ahhc4 ,to ! ,,assi/ant ,,adjutant ,,g5]al1 ,dep>tm5t(!,columbia4 ,,sir3 99 99 99 99 99 ,a s5t9el is plac$ z gu>d ov] prison]s to prev5t _! escape1 &1 = ?is purpose1 he is furni%$ a musket1 ) ammunition4 ,to prev5t escape is 8 fir/ & mo/ important duty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i suppose ! law to be ?is3 ,t a s5t9el %all n use m =ce or viol5ce to prev5t ! escape ( a prison] ?an is necess>y to effect t object1 b if ! prison]1 aft] be+ ord]$ to halt1 cont9ues 8 flight ! s5t9el may maim or ev5 kill him1 & x is 8 duty to d s4 ,a s5t9el :o all[s a prison] to escape )\t fir+ ^u him1 & fir+ to hit him1 is1 9 my judgm5t1 guilty ( a mo/ s]i\s milit>y (f5se1 = :i* he %\ld & w\ld be sev]ely puni%$ by a g5]al c\rt-m>tial4 99 99 99 99 99 7,sign$7 ,,h5ry ,a4 ,,morr[1 ,colonel,tw5ty-fir/,infantry1,comm&+,po/ 4 ,?ird indorsem5t4 ,,(fice ,,judge ,,advocate1 ,,milit>y ,,division ,,( ,,! ,,pacific1 ,may#aa1ahhc4 ,respectfully return$ to ! assi/ant adjutant g5]al1 ,milit>y ,division ( ! ,pacific1 concurr+ fully 9 ! views express$ by ,col4 ,morr[4 ,i 0 n aw>e t su* a view _h ev] be5 que/ion$4 ,t ! p]iod is a "t ( peace does n affect ! au?ority & duty ( ! s5t9el or gu>d to fire ^u ! escap+ prison]1 if ?is escape c n o!rwise be prev5t$4 ,he %\ld1 ( c\rse1 attempt to /op ! prison] be=e fir+ by ord]+ him to halt1 & w prop]ly w>n him by ! words ,halt1 or ,i fire1 or words to su* effect4 ,w4 ,,w9?rop1 ,judge,advocate4 ,f\r? indorsem5t4 ,,headqu>t]s ,,milit>y ,,division ,,( ,,! ,,pacific1 ,may#aa1ahhc4 ,respectfully return$ to ! comm&+ g5]al1 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,columbia1 approv+ ! op9ion ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 ,tw5ty-fir/ ,infantry1 & ( ! judge advocate ( ! division1 9 respect to ! duty ( & me?od to be adopt$ by s5t9els 9 prev5t+ prison]s f escap+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by comm& ( ,maj4 ,g54 ,s*(ield3 ,j4 ,c4 ,,kelton1 ,assi/ant,adjutant,g5]al4 ,see also ,circul> ,no4 #ec1 ,a4 ,g4 ,o41 ,decemb] #bb1 #aijj4 #cjf4 ,on approa*+ ! po/ ( ! s5t9el at ! gu>dh\se1 a s5t9el ( ! prison] gu>d or an ov]se] 9 *>ge ( prison]s w halt !m & call1 ,no4 #a1 7s _m7 prison]s4 ,he w n all[ !m to cross ! po/ ( ! s5t9el until s direct$ by ! corporal ( ! gu>d4 #cjg4 ,memb]s ( ! prison] gu>d & ov]se]s plac$ ov] prison]s = "w w receive specific & explicit in/ructions cov]+ ! requir$ "w2 !y w be held /rictly responsible t ! prison]s "u _! c>e prop]ly & satisfactorily p]=m ! designat$ "w4 ,,section #ag4 ,,flags4 #ccg4 ,! g>rison1 po/1 & /orm flags are national flags & %all be ( bunt+4 ,! union ( su* is z describ$ 9 p>agraph #baf1 ,army ,regulations1 & %all be ( ! foll[+ proportions3 ,wid?1 sev5-?irte5?s ( ! hoi/ ( ! flag2 l5g?1 sev5ty-six "o-hundr$?s ( ! hoi/ ( ! flag4 ,! g>rison flag w h #ch feet fly & #bj feet hoi/4 ,x w be furni%$ only to po/s designat$ 9 ord]s f "t to "t f ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 & w be hoi/$ only on holidays & important occasions4 ,! po/ flag w h #ai feet fly & #aj feet hoi/4 ,x w be furni%$ = all g>rison po/s & w be hoi/$ 9 pleasant wea!r4 ,! /orm flag w h #i feet #f in*es fly & #e feet hoi/4 ,x w be furni%$ = all occupi$ po/s = use 9 /ormy & w9dy wea!r4 ,x w also be furni%$ to national cemet]ies4 7,a4 ,r4 #bbc47 #cch4 ,at e milit>y po/ or /ation ! flag w be hoi/$ at ! s\nd+ ( ! fir/ note ( ! reveille1 or ( ! fir/ note ( ! m>*1 if a m>* be play$ be=e ! reveille4 ,! flag w be l[]$ at ! s\nd+ ( ! la/ note ( ! retreat1 & :ile ! flag is be+ l[]$ ! b& w play ,! ,/> ,spangl$ ,bann]1 or1 if !re be no b& pres5t1 ! field music w s\nd to ! color4 ,:5 to ! color is s\nd$ by ! field music :ile ! flag is be+ l[]$ ! same respect w be obs]v$ z :5 ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann] is play$ by ! b&1 & 9 ei!r case (fic]s & enli/$ m5 out ( ranks w face t[>d ! flag1 /& at att5tion1 & r5d] ! prescrib$ salute at ! la/ note ( ! music4 7,a3 ,r4 #dcg47 ,! l[]+ ( ! flag w be s regulat$ z to be complet$ at ! la/ note ( ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann] or to ! color4 #cci4 ,! national flag w be display$ at a seacoa/ or lake =t at ! beg9n+ ( & dur+ an action 9 :i* a =t may be engag$1 :e!r by day or by night4 7,a4 ,r4 #dcg47 #cdj4 ,! national flag w always be display$ at ! "t ( fir+ a salute4 7,a4 ,r4 #cig47 #cda4 ,! flag ( a milit>y po/ w n be dipp$ by way ( salute or complim5t4 7,a4 ,r4 #dje47 #cdb4 ,on ! dea? ( an (fic] at a milit>y po/ ! flag is display$ at half/aff & s rema9s betwe5 reveille & retreat until ! la/ salvo or volley is fir$ ov] ! grave2 or if ! rema9s are n int]r$ at ! po/ until !y are remov$ !refrom4 7,a4 ,r4 #dbb47 #cdc4 ,dur+ ! fun]al ( all enli/$ man at a milit>y po/ ! flag is display$ at half/aff4 ,x is hoi/$ to ! top aft] ! f9al volley or gun is fir$ or aft] ! rema9s are tak5 f ! po/4 ,! same honors are paid on ! occasion ( ! fun]al ( a retir$ enli/$ man4 7,a4 ,r4 #dbc47 #cdd4 ,:5 practicable1 a detail consi/+ ( a noncommission$ (fic] & two privates ( ! gu>d w raise or l[] ! flag4 ,?is detail we>s side arms or if ! special equipm5ts d n include side arms !n belts only4 ,! noncommission$ (fic]1 c>ry+ ! flag1 =ms ! detail 9 l9e1 takes 8 po/ 9 ! c5t] & m>*es x to ! /aff4 ,! flag is !n securely atta*$ to ! haly>ds & rapidly hoi/$4 ,! haly>ds are !n securely fa/5$ to ! cleat on ! /aff & ! detail m>*$ to ! gu>dh\se4 #cde4 ,:5 ! flag is to be l[]$1 ! haly>ds are loos5$ f ! /aff & made p]fectly free4 ,at retreat ! flag is l[]$ at ! la/ note ( retreat4 ,x is !n neatly fold$ & ! haly>ds made fa/4 ,! detail is !n re-=m$ & m>*$ to ! gu>dh\se1 :]e ! flag is turn$ ov] to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d4 ,! flag %\ld nev] be all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd & %\ld always be hoi/$ or l[]$ f ! leew>d side ( ! /aff1 ! haly>ds be+ held by two p]sons4 ,,section #ah4 ,,reveille ,,& ,,retreat ,,gun4 #cdf4 ,! morn+ & ev5+ gun w be fir$ by a deta*m5t ( ! gu>d1 consi/+1 :5 practicable1 ( a corporal & two privates4 ,! morn+ gun is fir$ at ! fir/ note ( reveille1 or1 if m>*es be play$ be=e ! reveille1 x is fir$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ m>*4 ,! retreat gun is fir$ at ! la/ note ( retreat4 ,! corporal m>*es ! deta*m5t to & f ! piece1 :i* is fir$1 spong$ out1 f9d secur$ "u 8 direction4 ,,section #ai4 ,,gu>d ,,m\nt+4 #cdg4 ,gu>d m\nt+ w be =mal or in=mal z ! comm&+ (fic] may direct4 ,x w be held z prescrib$ 9 ! drill regulations ( ! arm ( ! s]vice to :i* ! gu>d belongs4 ,if none is prescrib$1 !n z = infantry4 ,9 case ! gu>d is compos$ :olly ( m\nt$ organizations1 gu>d m\nt+ may be held m\nt$4 #cdh4 ,:5 infantry & m\nt$ troops dism\nt$ are unit$ = gu>d m\nt+1 all details =m z prescrib$ = infantry4 ,,section #bj4 ,,=mal ,,gu>d ,,m\nt+ ,,= ,,infantry4 #cdi4 ,=mal gu>d m\nt+ w ord9>ily be held only 9 po/s or camps :]e a b& is pres5t4 #cej4 ,at ! assembly1 ! m5 designat$ = ! gu>d fall 9 on _! company p>ade gr\nds z prescrib$ 9 p>agraph #ajf1 ,i4 ,d4 ,r4 ,! fir/ s]geant !n v]ifies ! detail1 inspects x1 replaces any man unfit to g on gu>d1 turns ! detail ov] to ! s5ior noncommission$ (fic]1 & retires4 ,! b& takes its place on ! p>ade gr\nd s t ! left ( its front rank %all be #ab paces to ! "r ( ! front rank ( ! gu>d :5 ! latt] is =m$4 #cea4 ,at adjutant's call1 ! adjutant1 dism\nt$ & ! s]geant major on 8 left1 m>*es to ! p>ade gr\nd4 ,! adjutant halts & takes po/ s z to be #ab paces 9 front ( & fac+ ! c5t] ( ! gu>d :5 =m$2 ! s]geant major cont9ues on1 moves by ! left flank & takes po/ fac+ to ! left1 #ab paces to ! left ( ! front rank ( ! h&2 ! b& plays 9 quick or d\ble "t2 ! details are m>*$ to ! p>ade gr\nd by ! s5ior noncommission$ (fic]s2 ! detail t arrives fir/ is m>*$ to ! l9e s t1 ^u halt+1 ! brea/ ( ! front rank m5 %all be ne> to & opposite ! left arm ( ! s]geant major2 ! comm&] ( ! detail halts 8 detail1 places himself 9 front ( & fac+ ! s]geant major1 at a di/ance equal to or a little great] ?an ! front ( 8 detail1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,"r1 #b4 ,,dress4 ,! detail dresses up to ! l9e ( ! s]geant major & its comm&]1 ! "r front rank man plac+ 8 brea/ aga9/ ! left arm ( ! s]geant major2 ! noncommission$ (fic]s take po/ two paces 9 re> ( ! re> rank ( ! detail4 ,! detail align$1 ! comm&] ( ! detail comm&s3 ,,front1 salutes1 & !n reports2 ,! detail is correct1 or 7,s _m7 s]geants1 corporals1 or privates are abs5t2 ! s]geant major returns ! salute ) ! "r h& aft] ! report is made4 ,! comm&] !n passes by ! "r ( ! gu>d & takes po/ 9 ! l9e ( noncommission$ (fic]s 9 re> ( ! "r file ( 8 detail4 ,%\ld !re be m ?an "o detail1 x is =m$ 9 l mann] on ! left ( ! "o prec$+4 ,! privates1 noncommission$ (fic]s1 & comm&] ( ea* detail dress on ^? ( ! prec$+ details 9 ! same rank or l9e4 ,ea* detail comm&] closes ! re> rank to ! "r & fills blank files z f> z practicable ) ! m5 f 8 front rank4 ,%\ld ! gu>d f a company n include a noncommission$ (fic]1 "o w be detail$ to p]=m ! duties ( comm&] ( ! detail4 ,9 ?is case ! comm&] ( ! detail1 aft] report+ to ! s]geant major1 passes ar\nd ! "r flank betwe5 ! gu>d & ! b& & retires4 #ceb4 ,:5 ! la/ detail has =m$1 ! s]geant major takes a side /ep to ! "r1 draws sword1 v]ifies ! detail1 takes po/ two paces to ! "r & two paces to ! front ( ! gu>d1 fac+ to ! left1 causes ! gu>d to c\nt (f1 completes ! left squad1 if necess>y1 z 9 ! ,s*ool ( ! ,company1 & if !re be m ?an ?ree squads1 divides ! gu>d into two platoons1 aga9 takes po/ z describ$ above & comm&s3 #a4 ,op5ranks1 #b4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& m>*1 ! re> rank & file clos]s m>* backw>d f\r /eps1 halt1 & dress to ! "r4 ,! s]geant major aligns ! ranks & file clos]s & aga9 tak+ po/ z describ$ above1 comm&s3 ,,front1 moves p>allel to ! front rank until opposite ! c5t]1 turns to ! "r1 halts midway to ! adjutant1 salutes & reports3 ,sir1 ! details are correct1 or ,sir1 7s _m7 s]geants1 corporals1 or privates are abs5t2 ! adjutant returns ! salute1 directs ! s]geant major3 ,take y\r po/1 & !n draws sab]2 ! s]geant major faces ab\t1 approa*es to )9 two paces ( ! c5t] ( ! front rank1 turns to ! "r1 moves ?ree paces beyond ! left ( ! front rank1 turns to ! left1 halts on ! l9e ( ! front rank1 faces ab\t1 & br+s 8 sword to ! ord]4 ,:5 ! s]geant major has report$ ! (fic] ( ! gu>d takes po/1 fac+ to ! front ?ree paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! gu>d1 & draws sab]4 ,! adjutant !n comm&s3 #a4 ,(fic]7or(fic]7& noncommission$(fic]s1 #b4 ,front&c5t]1 #c4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& c5t]1 ! (fic]s c>ry sab]4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 ! (fic] advances & halts ?ree paces f ! adjutant1 rema9+ at ! c>ry2 ! noncommission$ (fic]s pass by ! flanks1 along ! front1 & =m 9 ord] ( rank f "r to left1 ?ree paces 9 re> ( ! (fic]1 rema9+ at ! "r %\ld]2 if !re is no (fic] ( ! gu>d ! noncommission$ (fic]s halt on a l9e ?ree paces f ! adjutant2 ! adjutant !n assigns ! (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s accord+ to rank1 z foll[s3 ,comm&] ( ! gu>d1 lead] ( fir/ platoon1 lead] ( second platoon1 "r guide ( fir/ platoon1 left guide ( second platoon1 left guide ( fir/ platoon1 "r guide ( second platoon1 & file clos]s1 or1 if ! gu>d is n divid$ into platoons3 ,comm&] ( ! gu>d1 "r guide1 left guide1 & file clos]s4 ,! adjutant !n comm&s3 #a4 ,(fic]7or(fic]s7& noncommission$(fic]s1 #b4 ,,po/s1 #c4 ,,m>*4 ,at ! comm& po/s1 all1 except ! (fic] comm&+ ! gu>d1 face ab\t4 ,at ! comm& ,,m>*1 !y take ! po/s pres5t$ 9 ! s*ool ( ! company ) op5 ranks4 ,! adjutant directs3 ,inspect y\r gu>d1 sir2 at :i* ! (fic] comm&+ ! gu>d faces ab\t1 comm&s3 ,prep>e = inspection1 returns sab] & inspects ! gu>d4 ,dur+ ! inspection ! b& plays2 ! adjutant returns sab]1 obs]ves ! g5]al condition ( ! gu>d1 & falls out any man :o is unfit = gu>d duty or does n pres5t a cr$itable appe>ance4 ,sub/itutes w report to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d at ! gu>dh\se4 #cec4 ,! adjutant1 :5 s direct$1 selects ord]lies & color s5t9els1 z prescrib$ 9 p>agraphs #adj & #ada1 & notifies ! comm&] ( ! gu>d ( 8 selection4 #ced4 ,if !re be a junior (fic] ( ! gu>d he takes po/ at ! same "t z ! s5ior1 fac+ to ! front1 ?ree paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! fir/ platoon2 9 go+ to ! front & c5t] he foll[s & takes position on ! left ( ! s5ior & is assign$ z l5d] ( ! fir/ platoon2 he may be direct$ by ! comm&] ( ! gu>d to assi/ 9 inspect+ ! gu>d4 ,if !re be no (fic] ( ! gu>d1 ! adjutant inspects ! gu>d4 ,a noncommission$ (fic] comm&+ ! gu>d takes po/ on ! "r ( ! "r guide :5 ! gu>d is 9 l9e1 & takes ! po/ ( ! (fic] ( ! gu>d :5 9 column or pass+ 9 review4 #cee4 ,! inspection end$1 ! adjutant faces himself ab\t ?irty paces 9 front ( & fac+ ! c5t] ( ! gu>d & draws sab]2 ! new (fic] ( ! day takes po/ 9 front ( & fac+ ! gu>d1 ab\t ?irty paces f ! adjutant2 ! old (fic] ( ! day takes po/ ?ree paces to ! "r ( & "o pace to ! re> ( ! new (fic] ( ! day2 ! (fic] ( ! gu>d takes po/ ?ree paces 9 front ( its c5t]1 draws sab] ) ! adjutant1 & comes to ! ord]2 !reaft] he takes ! same relative position z a capta9 ( a company4 ,! adjutant !n comm&s3 #a4 ,p>ade1 #b4 ,,re/1 #c4 ,,s\nd ,,(f1 & comes to ! ord] & p>ade re/4 ,! b&1 play+1 passes 9 front ( ! (fic] ( ! gu>d to ! left ( ! l9e & back to its po/ on ! "r1 :5 x ceases play+4 ,! adjutant !n comes to att5tion1 c>ries sab] & comm&s3 #a4 ,gu>d1 #b4 ,,att5tion1 #c4 ,closeranks1 #d4 ,,m>*4 ,! ranks are op5$ & clos$ z 9 p>agraph #gde1 ,i4 ,d4 ,r4 ,! adjutant !n comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms1 faces t[>d ! new (fic] ( ! day1 salutes1 & !n reports3 ,sir1 ! gu>d is =m$4 ,! new (fic] ( ! day1 aft] ! adjutant has report$1 returns ! salute ) ! h& & directs ! adjutant3 ,m>* ! gu>d 9 review1 sir4 ,! adjutant c>ies sab]1 faces ab\t1 br+s ! gu>d to an ord]1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,attrail1platoons7orgu>d7"r1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d4 ,,halt4 ,! platoons execute ! movem5t2 ! b& turns to ! "r & places itself #ab paces 9 front ( ! fir/ platoon4 ,! adjutant places himself six paces f ! flank & abrea/ ( ! comm&] ( ! gu>d2 ! s]geant major six paces f ! left flank ( ! second platoon4 ,! adjutant !n comm&s3 #a4 ,pass9review1 #b4 ,,=w>d1 #c4 ,,m>*4 ,! gu>d m>*es 9 quick "t pa/ ! (fic] ( ! day1 accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( review1 & is br\ght to eyes "r at ! prop] "t by ! comm&] ( ! gu>d2 ! adjutant1 comm&] ( ! gu>d1 lead]s ( platoons1 s]geant major1 & drum major salute4 ,! b&1 hav+ pass$ ! (fic] ( ! day1 turns to ! left ( ! column1 places itself opposite & fac+ him1 & cont9ues to play until ! gu>d leaves ! p>ade gr\nd4 ,! field music deta*es itself f ! b& :5 ! latt] turns out ( ! column1 &1 rema9+ 9 front ( ! gu>d1 comm5ces to play :5 ! b& ceases4 ,hav+ pass$ #ab paces beyond ! (fic] ( ! day1 ! adjutant halts2 ! s]geant major halts abrea/ ( ! adjutant & #a pace to 8 left2 !y !n return sab]1 salute1 & retire2 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d !n comm&s3 #a4 ,platoons1"r bysquads1 #b4 ,,m>*1 & m>*es ! gu>d to its po/4 ,! (fic]s ( ! day face t[>d ea* o!r & salute2 ! old (fic] ( ! day turns ov] ! ord]s to ! new (fic] ( ! day4 ,:ile ! b& is s\nd+ (f1 & :ile ! gu>d is m>*+ 9 review1 ! (fic]s ( ! day /& at p>ade re/ ) arms fold$4 ,!y take ?is position :5 ! adjutant comes to p>ade re/1 resume ! att5tion ) him1 aga9 take ! p>ade re/ at ! fir/ note ( ! m>* 9 review1 & resume att5tion z ! head ( ! column approa*es4 ,! new (fic] ( ! day returns ! salute ( ! comm&] ( ! gu>d & ! adjutant1 mak+ "o salute ) ! h&4 #cef4 ,if ! gu>d be n divid$ into platoons1 ! adjutant comm&s3 #a4 ,attrail1gu>d"r1 #b4 ,,m>*1 #c4 ,gu>d1 #d4 ,,halt1 & x passes 9 review z above2 ! comm&] ( ! gu>d is #c paces 9 front ( its c5t]2 ! adjutant places himself #f paces front ! left flank & abrea/ ( ! comm&] ( ! gu>d2 ! s]geant cov]s ! adjutant on a l9e ) ! front rank4 ,,section #ba4 ,,in=mal ,,gu>d ,,m\nt+ ,,= ,,infantry4 #ceg4 ,in=mal gu>d m\nt+ w be held on ! p>ade gr\nd ( ! organization f :i* ! gu>d is detail$4 ,if x is detail$ f m ?an "o organization1 !n at su* place z ! comm&+ (fic] may direct4 #ceh4 ,at assembly1 ! detail = gu>d falls 9 on ! company p>ade gr\nd4 ,! fir/ s]geant v]ifies ! detail1 inspects _! dress & g5]al appe>ance1 & replaces any man unfit to m>* on gu>d4 ,he !n turns ! detail ov] to ! comm&] ( ! gu>d & retires4 #cei4 ,at adjutant's call1 ! (fic] ( ! day takes 8 place #ae paces 9 front ( ! c5t] ( ! gu>d & comm&s3 #a4 ,(fic]7or(fic]s7&noncommission$(fic]s1 #b4 ,front&c5t]1 #c4 ,,m>*2 :]eupon ! (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s take _! positions1 are assign$ & s5t to _! po/s z prescrib$ 9 =mal gu>d m\nt+4 7,p>4 #ceb47 ,! (fic] ( ! day w !n inspect ! gu>d ) especial ref]5ce = its fitness = ! duty = :i* x is detail$ & w select1 z prescrib$ 9 p>agraphs #adj & #ada1 ! necess>y ord]lies & color s5t9els4 ,! m5 f\nd unfit = gu>d w be return$ to qu>t]s & w be replac$ by o!rs f\nd to be suitable1 if available 9 ! company4 ,if none are available 9 ! company ! fact w be report$ to ! adjutant imm$iately aft] gu>d m\nt+4 ,:5 ! inspection %all h be5 complet$ ! (fic] ( ! day resumes 8 position & directs ! comm&] ( ! gu>d to m>* ! gu>d to its po/4 ,,section #bb4 ,,reliev+ ,,! ,,old ,,gu>d4 #cfj4 ,z ! new gu>d approa*es ! gu>dh\se1 ! old gu>d is =m$ 9 l9e1 ) its field music ?ree paces to its "r2 &1 :5 ! field music at ! head ( ! new gu>d arrives opposite its left1 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d comm&s3 #a4 ,eyes1 #b4 ,,"r2 ! comm&] ( ! old gu>d comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms2 comm&]s ( bo? gu>ds salute4 ,! new gu>d m>*es 9 quick "t pa/ ! old gu>d4 ,:5 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d is opposite ! field music ( ! old gu>d1 he comm&s3 ,,front2 ! comm&] ( ! old gu>d comm&s3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms1 z soon z ! new gu>d %all h cle>$ ! old gu>d4 ,! field music hav+ m>*$ ?ree paces beyond ! field music ( ! old gu>d1 *anges direction to ! "r1 &1 foll[$ by ! gu>d1 *anges direction to ! left :5 on a l9e ) ! old gu>d2 ! *anges ( direction are )\t comm&4 ,! comm&] ( ! gu>d halts on ! l9e ( ! front rank ( ! old gu>d1 all[s 8 gu>d to m>* pa/ him1 &1 :5 its re> approa*es1 =ms x 9 l9e to ! left1 e/abli%es ! left guide ?ree paces to ! "r ( ! field music ( ! old gu>d1 & on a l9e ) ! front rank1 & !n dresses 8 gu>d to ! left2 ! field music ( ! new gu>d is ?ree paces to ! "r ( its front rank4 #cfa4 ,! new gu>d be+ dress$ ! comm&] ( ea* gu>d1 9 front ( & fac+ its c5t]1 comm&s3 #a4 ,pres5t1 #b4 ,,arms1 resumes 8 front1 salutes1 c>ries sab]1 faces 8 gu>d1 & comm&s3 #a4 ,ord]1 #b4 ,,arms4 ,%\ld a gu>d be comm&$ by a noncommission$ (fic]1 he /&s on ! "r or left ( ! front rank1 accord+ z he comm&s ! old or new gu>d1 & executes ! rifle salute4 #cfb4 ,aft] ! new gu>d arrives at its po/ & has salut$ ! old gu>d1 ea* gu>d is pres5t$ by its comm&] to its (fic] ( ! day2 if !re be b "o (fic] ( ! day pres5t1 or if "o (fic] acts 9 ! capacity ( old & new (fic] ( ! day1 ea* gu>d is pres5t$ to him by its comm&]4 #cfc4 ,if o!r p]sons entitl$ to a salute approa*1 ea* comm&] ( ! gu>d w br+ 8 own gu>d to att5tion if n already at att5tion4 ,! s5ior comm&] ( ! two gu>ds w !n comm&3 #a4 ,old & new gu>ds1 #b4 ,pres5t1 #c4 ,arms4 ,! junior w salute at ! comm& ,pres5t ,arms giv5 by ! s5ior4 ,aft] ! salute has be5 ackn[l$g$1 ! s5ior br+s bo? gu>ds to ! ord]4 #cfd4 ,aft] ! salutes h be5 ackn[l$g$ by ! (fic]s ( ! day1 ea* gu>d is br\ght to an ord] by its comm&]2 ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d !n directs ! ord]ly or ord]lies to fall out & report & causes bayonets to be fix$ if s ord]$ by ! comm&+ (fic]2 bayonets w n !n be unfix$ dur+ ! t\r except 9 r\te m>*es :ile ! gu>d is actually m>*+ or :5 specially direct$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 ,! comm&] ( ! new gu>d !n falls out memb]s ( ! gu>d = deta*$ po/s1 plac+ !m "u *>ge ( ! prop] noncommission$ (fic]s1 divides ! gu>d into ?ree reliefs1 fir/1 second1 & ?ird1 f "r to left1 & directs a li/ ( ! gu>d to be made by reliefs4 ,:5 ! gu>d consi/s ( troops ( diff]5t arms comb9$1 ! m5 are assign$ to reliefs s z to insure a fair division ( duty "u rules prescrib$ by ! comm&+ (fic]4 #cfe4 ,! s5t9els & deta*m5ts ( ! old gu>d are at once reliev$ by memb]s ( ! new gu>d1 ! two gu>ds /&+ at ease or at re/ :ile ^! *anges are be+ made4 ,! comm&] ( ! old transmits to ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d all 8 ord]s1 in/ructions1 & in=mation conc]n+ ! gu>d & its duties4 ,! comm&] ( ! new gu>d !n takes possession ( ! gu>dh\se & v]ifies ! articles 9 *>ge ( ! gu>d4 #cff4 ,if consid]able "t is requir$ to br+ 9 t portion ( ! old gu>d /ill on po/1 ! comm&+ (fic] may direct t z soon z ! ord]s & prop]ty are turn$ ov] to ! new gu>d ! portion ( ! old gu>d at ! gu>dh\se may be m>*$ (f & dismiss$4 ,9 su* a case ! rema9+ deta*m5t or deta*m5ts ( ! old gu>d w be inspect$ by ! comm&] ( ! new gu>d :5 !y rea* ! gu>dh\se4 ,he w direct ! s5ior noncommission$ (fic] pres5t to m>* ^! deta*m5ts (f & dismiss !m 9 ! prescrib$ mann]4 #cfg4 ,9 bad wea!r1 at night1 aft] long m>*es1 or :5 ! gu>d is v small1 ! field music may be disp5s$ )4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,map ,,read+ ,,& ,,sket*+4 ,,section #a4 ,,milit>y ,,map ,,read+4 ,:5 y pick up a map1 ! fir/ "q is1 ,:]e is ! nor?8 ,?is c usually be told by an arr[ 7see fig4 #a1 section #a7 :i* w be f\nd 9 "o ( ! corn]s ( ! map1 & :i* po9ts to ! true nor?--! nor? ( ! nor? />4 ,on "s maps no arr[ is to be f\nd4 ,! *ances are a hundr$ to "o t ! nor? is at ! top ( ! map1 z x is on almo/ all pr9t$ maps4 ,b y c only assure y\rself ( t fact by *eck+ ! map ) ! gr\nd x repres5ts4 ,= in/ance1 if y asc]ta9 t ! city ( ,philadelphia is due ea/ ( ! city ( ,columbus1 !n ! ,philadelphia-,columbus l9e on ! map is a due ea/-&-we/ l9e1 & e/abli%es at once all ! o!r map directions4 ,n[1 ! map repres5ts ! gr\nd z ne>ly z x c be repres5t$ on a flat piece ( pap]4 ,if y are /&+ up4 fac+ ! nor?1 y\r "r h& w be 9 ! ea/1 y\r left 9 ! we/1 & y\r back to ! s\?4 ,x is ! same ) a map2 if y look across x 9 ! direction ( ! arr[--t is1 t[>d its nor?--y\r "r h& w be t[>d :at is ea/ on ! map2 y\r left h& to ! we/2 ! s\? w be at ! bottom ( ! map4 ,!re is ano!r k9d ( an arr[ t sometimes appe>s on a map4 ,x is l ! "o 9 figure #b1 section #a1 & po9ts n to ! true nor? b to ! magnetic nor?1 :i* is ! nor? ( ! compass4 ,?\gh ! compass ne$le1 & !re=e ! arr[ t repres5ts x on ! map1 does n po9t exactly nor?1 ! deviation is1 f a milit>y po9t ( view1 slight1 & appreciable error w r>ely result ?r\gh ! use ( ! magnetic in/ead ( ! true nor? 9 ! solution ( any milit>y problems4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,fig4 #b4 ,fig4 #c4 ,fig4 #d4 ,fig4 #e4 ,%\ld y be curi\s to "k ! exact deviation1 consult y\r local surveyor or any civil eng9e]4 ,bo? arr[s may appe> on y\r map4 ,9 t case disreg>d ! magnetic arr[ unless y are us+ ! map 9 connection ) a compass4 ,if a map is be+ us$ on ! gr\nd1 ! fir/ ?+ to be done is to put ! l9es ( ! map p>allel to ! real outl9es ( ! gr\nd =ms1 & roads1 f5ces1 railroads1 etc41 t ! map %[s2 = ! mak+ ( a map is no m ?an ! draw+ on pap] ( l9es p>allel to & proportional 9 l5g? to real directions & di/ances on ! gr\nd4 ,= in/ance1 ! road betwe5 two places runs due nor? & s\?4 ,!n on ! map a l9e repres5t+ ! road w be p>allel to ! arr[ %[+ ! nor? & w be proportional 9 l5g? to ! real road4 ,9 ?is way a map is a picture1 or1 bett]1 a b>e outl9e sket*2 &1 z we c make out a picture1 ?\gh x be upside d[n1 or crook$ on ! wall1 s we call use a map t is upside d[n or n p>allel to ! real gr\nd =ms4 ,b x is easi] to make out bo? ! picture & ! map if _! l9es are p>allel to :at !y repres5t4 ,s 9 us+ a map on ! gr\nd we always put ! l9es p>allel to ! actual features !y %[4 ,?is is easy if ! map has an arr[4 ,if ! map has no arr[1 y mu/ locate objects or features on ! gr\nd1 & on ! map1 _! repres5tations4 ,draw on ! map a l9e connect+ any two ( ! features2 place ?is l9e p>allel to all imag9>y l9e ?r\gh ! two actual features locat$1 & y\r map w be correctly plac$4 ,look to x t y d n rev]se on ! map ! positions ( ! two objects or features1 or y\r map w be exactly upside d[n4 ,:5 ! map has be5 turn$ into ! prop] position--t is to say1 ori5t$--! next ?+ is to locate on ! map y\r position4 ,if y are 9 ! village ( ,ea/on & !re is a place on ! map label$ ,ea/on1 ! answ] is app>5t4 ,b if y are out 9 ! c\ntry1 at an unlabel$ po9t t looks l any "o ( a doz5 o!r simil> po9ts1 ! task is m complicat$4 ,9 ?is latt] case y mu/ locate & id5tify1 bo? on ! map & on ! gr\nd1 o!r po9ts--hills1 villages1 peculi> b5ds 9 riv]s1 =e/s--any gr\nd features t h "s easily recognizable peculi>ity & t y c see f y\r position4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 y 7 ne> ,leav5wor? & want$ to locate y\r exact position1 ( :i* y are unc]ta94 ,y h ! map %[n 9 ?is manual1 &1 look+ ab\t1 y see s\?we/ f :]e y /& ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,p5it5ti>y2 also1 halfway betwe5 ! s\? & ! s\!a/--s\?-s\!a/ a sailor w\ld say--! res]voir 7rectangle we/ ( ,o 9 ,miss\ri74 ,hav+ ori5t$ y\r map1 draw on x a l9e f ! map position ( ! res]voir t[>d its actual position on ! gr\nd4 ,simil>ly draw a l9e f ! map position ( p5it5ti>y t[>d its actual position4 ,prolong ! two l9es until !y int]sect4 ,! int]section ( ! l9es w m>k ! place :]e y /&--s\? ,m]ritt ,hill4 ,?is me?od consi/s m]ely 9 draw+ on ! map l9es t repres5t ! l9es ( sight to kn[n & visible places4 ,! l9es pass ?r\gh ! map position ( ! places y see & are p>allel to ! actual l9es ( sight2 !re=e !y are ! map repres5tations ( ! l9es ( sight1 & _! int]section is ! map position ( ! eye ( ! obs]v]4 ,aft] ?is ori5tation & location ( position1 "o c d$uce f ! map ev]y?+ !re is to "k 9 reg>d to directions4 ,9 ?is respect1 /udy ( ! gr\nd itself w %[ no m ?an w /udy ( ! map4 ,aft] ,:at direction8 comes ,h[ f>8 ,to answ] ?is1 "o mu/ und]/& t ! map di/ance betwe5 any two po9ts %[n be>s a fix$ & def9ite relation or proportion to ! real di/ance betwe5 ! two po9ts4 ,= in/ance3 ,we measure on a map & f9d ! di/ance betwe5 two po9ts to be #a in*4 ,!n we measure ! real di/ance on ! gr\nd & f9d x to be #aj1jjj in*es2 h5ce ! relation betwe5 ! map di/ance & ! real di/ance is #a to #aj1jjj1 or #a_/ajjjj4 ,n[1 if ! map is prop]ly drawn1 ! same relation w hold good = all di/ances1 & we c obta9 any gr\nd di/ance by multiply+ by #aj1jjj ! correspond+ map di/ance4 ,?is relation ne$ n be #a_/ajjjj1 b may be any?+ f #a_/ajj t an ar*itect might use 9 mak+ a map or plan ( a h\se up to "o ov] a billion & a half1 :i* is ab\t ! proportion betwe5 map & real di/ances 9 a pocket-atlas repres5tation ( ! :ole _w on a #f-;in* page4 ,map mak]s call ?is relation ! scale ( ! map & put x d[n 9 a corn] 9 "o ( ?ree ways4 ,fir/4 #a in* equals #ajj4 ,second4 #a_/ajj4 ,?ird4 ,z %[n 9 figure #c 7section #a74 ,^! expressions mean "o & ! same ?+4 ,a v>iation ( ! fir/ me?od on a map ( diff]5t scale might be3 #a in* equals #a mile4 ,s9ce a mile conta9s #fc1cfj in*es1 !n ! real di/ance betwe5 any two po9ts %[n on ! map is #fc1cfj times ! map di/ance4 ,to f9d ! gr\nd di/ance by ! ?ird k9d ( scale1 copy x on ! edge ( a slip ( pap]1 apply ! slip directly to ! map1 & read (f ! di/ance2 & s we answ] ! "q1 ,h[ f>8 ,aft] direction & di/ance comes ! int]pretation ( ! signs1 symbols1 & abbreviations on ! map4 ,^? au?oriz$ are giv5 9 section #b 7a repr9t ( ,app5dix #d1 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 #aiad72 b !re are a good _m o!r conv5tional signs 9 common use4 ,a key to !m is publi%$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 & is call$ ,conv5tional ,signs1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,f ^! y read at once ! natural & artificial features ( ! c\ntry %[n on y\r map4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ^! conv5tional signs are n necess>ily drawn to scale1 z are ! di/ances4 ,!y %[ ! position & outl9e ( ! features r ?an ! size4 ,?is1 = ! reason t _m ( ! features %[n1 if drawn to scale1 w\ld be s small t "o c\ld n make !m out except ) a magnify+ glass4 ,if ! exact dim5sions are ( any importance1 !y w be writt5 9 figures on ! map4 ,= in/ances1 bridges4 ,9 addition to te above conv5tional signs1 we h ,,cont\rs to %[ ! elevations1 depressions1 slope1 & %ape ( ! gr\nd4 ,abroad1 ,,ha*ures are mu* us$1 b !y s]ve only to indicate elevation1 &1 z comp>$ to cont\rs1 are ( little value4 ,cont\rs resemble ! l9es %[n 9 figure #d 7section #a7 ,ha*ures are %[n 9 figure #e 7section #a71 & may be f\nd on any ,european map4 ,!y simply %[ slopes1 &1 :5 c>efully drawn1 %[ /eep] slopes by heavi] %ad+ & g5tl] slopes by ! fa9t] ha*ures4 ,! cre/ ( ! m\nta9 is )9 ! ha*ures4 7,see fig4 #e1 section #a47 ,cont\rs4--,a c]ta9 /ud5t1 :5 ask$ by 8 in/ructor to def9e space1 said3 ,i h x1 sir1 9 my head1 b c n put x into words4 ,! ,in/ructor repli$3 ,i suppose t "u ^? circum/ances1 ,mr4 ----1 ! def9ition really w\ld n help mu*4 ,& s x is ) cont\rs--! def9ition does n help mu* if y "k a cont\r :5 y meet x on a map4 ,= examples ( cont\rs1 turn to ! map 9 section #b &1 />t+ at ! ,unit$ ,/ates p5it5ti>y1 note ! smoo?1 fl[+1 irregul> curv$ l9es m>k$ #hhj1 #hfj1 #hdj1 #hdj1 #hfj1 etc4 ,! only o!r l9es on ! map t at all resemble cont\rs are /ream l9es1 l ,corral ,creek1 b ! /ream l9es are readily di/+ui%$ f cont\rs by ! fact t !y cross ! cont\rs squ>ely1 :ile ! cont\rs run approximately p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,note ! /ream l9e j to ! we/ ( ,s\? ,m]ritt ,hill4 ,! cont\rs repres5t l9es on ! gr\nd t are horizontal & ^: me&]+s foll[ ! surface1 j z ! edge ( a flood w\ld foll[ ! irregul>ities ( ! hills ab\t x4 ,^? l9es t cont\rs /& = are j z level z ! wat]'s edge ( a lake1 b horizontally !y w&] back & =? to j z great a degree4 ,! l9e m>k$ #hhj1 at ! p5it5ti>y1 passes ?r\gh on t p>ticul> piece ( gr\nd e po9t t is #hhj feet above sea level4 ,%\ld ! ,miss\ri ,riv] rise 9 flood to #hhj feet1 ! p5it5ti>y w\ld be on an isl&1 ! edge ( :i* is m>k$ by ! #hhj cont\r4 ,cont\rs %[ sev]al ?+s2 among !m ! height ( ! gr\nd !y cross4 ,usually ! cont\r has label$ on x 9 figures ! height above "s />t+ po9t1 call$ ! ,,datum ,,plane--g5]ally sea level4 ,if1 ) a survey+ in/rum5t1 y put 9 on a piece ( gr\nd a lot ( /akes1 ea* "o ( :i* is exactly ! same height above sea level--t is1 run a l9e ( levels--!n make a map %[+ ! locution ( ! /akes1 a l9e drawn on ! map ?r\gh all ! /ake positions is a cont\r & %[s ! position ( all po9ts ( t p>ticul> height4 ,on any giv5 map all cont\rs are equally spac$ 9 a v]tical direction1 & ! map %[s ! location ( a great numb] ( po9ts at c]ta9 fix$ levels4 ,if y "k ! v]tical int]val betwe5 any two adjac5t cont\rs1 y "k ! v]tical int]val = all ! cont\rs on t map1 = ^! int]vals on a giv5 map are all ! same4 ,) ref]5ce to a po9t ?r\gh :i* no cont\r passes1 we c only say t ! po9t 9 "q is n high] ?an ! next cont\r up ! hill1 nor l[] ?an ! next "o d[n ! hill4 ,= ! purposes ( any problem1 x is usual to assume t ! gr\nd slopes ev5ly betwe5 ! two adjac5t cont\rs & t ! v]tical height ( ! po9t above ! l[] cont\r is proportional to its horizontal di/ance f ! cont\r1 z comp>$ to ! :ole di/ance betwe5 ! two cont\rs4 ,= in/ance1 on ! map1 f9d ! height ( po9t ,a4 ,! horizontal measurem5ts are z %[n on ! map4 ,! v]tical di/ance betwe5 ! cont\rs is #bj feet4 ,a is ab\t "o-qu>t] ( ! di/ance betwe5 ! #hjj & ! #hbj cont\rs1 & we assume its height to be "o-qu>t] ( #bj feet 7#e feet7 high] ?an #hjj feet4 ,s ! height ( ,a is #hje feet4 ,! v]tical int]val is usually indicat$ 9 ! corn] ( ! map by ! lett]s ,v4 ,i4 ,= in/ance3 ,v4 ,i4#bj feet4 ,on maps ( v small pieces ( gr\nd1 ! ,v4 ,i4 is usually small--p]haps z small z #a foot2 on maps ( l>ge areas on a small scale x may be v great--ev5 #a1jjj feet4 ,cont\rs also %[ ,,slopes4 ,x has already be5 expla9$ t f any cont\r to ! next "o above x ! gr\nd rises a fix$ numb] ( feet1 accord+ to ! v]tical int]val ( t map4 ,f ! scale ( di/ances on ! map ! horizontal di/ance betwe5 any two cont\rs c be f\nd4 ,= example3 ,on ! map ! horizontal di/ance betwe5 ,d & ,e is #ij y>ds1 or #bgj feet4 ,! v]tical di/ance is #bj feet ! ,v4 ,i4 ( ! map4 ,! slope !n is #bj_/bgj #a_/ac4e #g-a_/b #d-a_/b deg41 9 all ( :i* diff]5t ways ! slope c be express$1 ,illu/ration ,on a good _m cont\r$ maps a figure l ?is w be f\nd 9 "o ( ! corn]s3 ,illu/ration ,on t p>ticul> map cont\rs sep>at$ by ! di/ance ,illu/ration on ! v]tical scale %[ a slope ( #a deg43 if sep>at$ by ! di/ance ,illu/ration !y %[ a #b deg4 slope4 etc4 ,a slope ( #a deg4 is a rise ( #a foot 9 #eg4 ,to use ?is scale ( slopes copy x on ! edge ( a piece ( pap] j z y did ! scale ( di/ances & apply x directly to ! map4 ,y w notice t :]e ! cont\rs lie close/ ! slope is /eepe/2 :]e !y are f>!/ ap>t ! gr\nd is mo/ ne>ly flat1 ,x has already be5 set =? h[ cont\rs %[ height & slope2 9 addition to ?is !y %[ ! %ape ( ! gr\nd1 or ,,gr\nd ,,=ms4 ,ea* s+le cont\r %[s ! %ape at its p>ticul> level ( ! hill or valley x outl9es2 = in/ance1 ! #hhj cont\r ab\t ! p5it5ti>y %[s t ! hill at t level has a %ape some:at l a horse's head4 ,simil>ly1 e cont\r on ! map gives u ! =m ( ! gr\nd at its p>ticul> level1 & kn[+ ^! gr\nd =ms = _m levels we c =m a fair conception ( :at ! :ole surface is l4 ,a r\nd cont\r l ! lett] ,o outl9es a r\nd gr\nd feature2 a long n>r[ "o indicates a long n>r[ gr\nd feature4 ,diff]5t hills & depressions h diff]5t %apes4 ,a good _m ( !m h "o %ape at "o level & ano!r %ape at ano!r level1 all ( :i* in=mation w be giv5 y by ! cont\rs on ! map4 ,"o ( ! ways to see h[ cont\rs %[ ! %ape ( ! gr\nd is to p\r half a bucket ( wat] into a small depression 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! wat]'s edge w be exactly level1 & if ! depression is approximately r\nd ! wat]'s edge w also be approximately r\nd4 ,! outl9e w look some?+ l figure #f4 ,draw r\ghly on a piece ( pap] a figure ( ! same %ape & y w h a cont\r %[+ ! %ape ( ! bit ( gr\nd :]e y p\r$ y\r wat]4 ,next1 ) y\r heel g\ge out on "o edge ( y\r little pond a small r\nd bay4 ,! wat] w ru% 9 & ! wat]-m>k on ! soil w n[ be %ap$ some?+ l figure #g4 ,alt] y\r draw+ accord+ly1 & ! new cont\r w %[ ! new gr\nd %ape4 ,aga9 d viol5ce to ! face ( nature by digg+ ) a /ick a n>r[ inlet op5+ out ( y\r m9iature ocean1 & ! wat]m>k w n[ look some?+ l figure #h4 ,alt] y\r draw+ once m & y\r cont\r %[s aga9 ! new gr\nd =m4 ,drop into y\r ma9 pond a r\nd clod & y w h a new wat]m>k1 l figure #i1 to add to y\r draw+4 ,?is new cont\r1 ( ! same level ) ! "o %[+ ! limit ( ! depression1 %[s on ! draw+ ! r\nd isl&4 ,drop 9 a second clod1 ?is "t long & n>r[1 ! wat]m>k w be l figure #aj1 & ! draw+ ( x1 prop]ly plac$1 w %[ ano!r isl& ( ano!r %ape4 ,y\r draw+ n[ w look l figure #aa4 ,x %[s a depression approximately r\nd1 (f :i* op5 a r\nd bay & a long n>r[ bay4 ,!re is also a r\nd elevation & a long1 n>r[ "o2 a long1 n>r[ ridge1 jutt+ out betwe5 ! two bays1 & a %ort1 broad "o across ! neck ( ! r\nd bay4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,fig4 #g4 ,fig #h4 ,fig4 #i4 ,fig #aj4 ,fig4 #aa4 ,n[ flood y\r lake deeply en\gh to cov] up ! features y h introduc$4 ,! new wat] l9e1 ab\t z %[n by ! dott$ l9e 9 figure #aa1 %[s ! oblong %ape ( ! depression at a high] level2 ! solid l9es %[ ! %ape f>!r d[n2 ! horizontal di/ance betwe5 ! two cont\rs at diff]5t po9ts %[s :]e ! bank is /eep & :]e ! slope is g5tl]4 ,put toge!r ! in=mation t ea* ( ^! cont\rs gives y1 & y w see h[ cont\rs %[ ! %ape ( ! gr\nd4 ,on ! little map y h drawn y h introduc$ all ! v>ieties ( gr\nd =ms !re are2 !re=e all ! cont\r =ms4 ,! cont\rs on an ord9>y map seem mu* m complicat$1 b ?is is due only to ! numb] ( !m1 _! l5g?1 & _m turns be=e !y f9ally close on !mselves4 ,or !y may close (f ! pap]4 ,b trace ea* "o out1 & x w resolve itself into "o ( ! =ms %[n 9 figure #aa4 ,j z ! high-tide l9e r\nd ! cont95ts ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica runs a long & tortu\s c\rse1 b f9ally closes back on itself1 s w e cont\r d likewise4 ,& j z truly z e b5d 9 t high-tide m>k turns out ar\nd a promontory1 or 9 ar\nd a bay1 s w e b5d 9 a cont\r /& = a hill or a valley1 po9t+ to ! l[l&s if x be a hill1 & to ! height if x m>k a valley4 ,if ! map embrace a :ole cont95t or an isl&1 all ! cont\rs w be ( clos$ =m1 z 9 figure #aa1 b if x embrace only x "p ( ! cont95t or isl&1 "s ( ! cont\rs w be *opp$ (f at ! edge ( ! map1 & we h ! op5 =m ( cont\rs1 z we w\ld h if figure #aa 7 cut into two p>ts4 ,! clos$ =m may indicate a hill or a bas92 ! op5 =m1 a ridge or a valley2 sometimes a casual glance does n indicate :i*4 ,take up1 fir/1 ! cont\r ( ! op5 type4 ,if ! map %[s a /ream runn+ d[n ! inside ( ! cont\r1 !re is no difficulty 9 say+ at once t ! gr\nd feature is a valley2 = in/ance1 ,v1 ,v1 ,v1 & ! valley ( ,corral ,creek on ! map4 ,b if !re is no /ream l9e1 does ! cont\r b5d %[ a valley or a ridge8 ,fir/ ( all1 !re is a radical diff]5ce betwe5 ! b5d ( a cont\r r\nd ! head ( a valley & its b5d r\nd ! nose ( a ridge1 ,comp>e on ! map ! valleys ,v & ! ridges ,r4 ,! b5d ( ! cont\r r\nd ! head ( ! valley is mu* %>p] ?an ! b5d ( ! cont\r r\nd ! nose ( ! ridge4 ,?is is a g5]al tru?1 n only 9 reg>d to maps1 b also 9 reg>d to gr\nd =ms4 ,/udy any piece ( op5 gr\nd & note h[ mu* wid] are ! ridges ?an ! valleys4 ,:]e y f9d a hog back or devil's backbone1 y h an exception to ! rule1 b ! exceptions are n frequ5t en\gh to worry ov]4 ,to tell :e!r a giv5 po9t is on a ridge or 9 a valley1 />t f ! ne>e/ /ream %[n on ! map & "w across ! map to ! undet]m9$ po9t1 keep+ 9 m9d t 9 a real trip across ! c\ntry y />t f ! /ream1 g up ! hill to ! top ( a ridge1 d[n ! o!r side ( ! hill to a wat]-c\rse1 !n up a hill to ! top ( a ridge1 d[n aga91 up aga91 etc4 ,t is all travel+ is--valley1 hill1 valley1 hill1 valley1 etc41 ?\gh y w&] till ! crack o' doom4 ,& s y\r map travels mu/ g--valley1 hill1 valley1 hill--till y run (f ! map or come back to ! />t+ po9t4 ,on ! map1 foll[ ! ,r-,v l9e1 ,v indicat+ valley & ,r ridge or hill4 ,note fir/ ! diff]5ce 9 %>pness 9 ! cont\r b5ds2 also h[ ! valley cont\rs po9t to ! highl& & ! ridge cont\rs to ! l[l&4 ,! cont\rs g ?us3 ,illu/ration ,! /reams fl[ d[n ! valleys1 & ! %>p angle ( ! cont\r po9ts always up /ream4 ,note also h[ ! junction ( a /ream & its tribut>y usually makes an angle t po9ts d[n /ream4 ,:i* way does ?is /ream run8 ,wat] fl[s d[n hill4 ,if y are 9 ! b$ ( a /ream1 cont\rs repres5t+ high] gr\nd mu/ be to y\r "r & to y\r left4 ,get ! elevations ( ^! cont\rs4 ,g5]ally ! ne>e/ cont\r to ! bank ( ! /ream w cross ! /ream & !re w be an angle or %>p turn 9 ! cont\r at ?is cross+4 ,if ! po9t ( ! angle or %>p turn is t[>d y1 y are go+ d[n/ream2 if away f y1 y are go+ up/ream4 ,if ! cont\rs are numb]$1 y h only to look at ! numb]s to say :]e ! l[ & :]e ! high places are2 b to read a map ) any spe$ "o mu/ be q indep5d5t ( ^! numb]s4 ,9 ord9>y map read+ look1 fir/ ( all1 = ! /ream l9es4 ,! /reams are ! skeleton ^u :i* ! :ole map is hung4 ,!n pick out ! hilltops & ridges & y h a body to clo! ) ail ! details t w be reveal$ by a close & c>eful /udy ( :at ! map mak] has record$4 ,z to clos$ cont\rs1 !y may outl9e a depression or a hill4 ,on ! map1 #hha or #hhe might be hills or ponds1 z f> z _! %ape is conc]n$4 ,b1 cle>ly1 !y are hills1 = on ei!r side are small /reams runn+ away f !m4 ,if !y 7 ponds1 ! /ream l9es w\ld run t[>d ! clos$ cont\rs4 ,! re/ ( hill1 valley1 hill1 w always solve ! problem :5 !re are n en\gh /ream l9es %[n to make evid5t at once :e!r a clos$ cont\r m>ks a pond or a hill4 ,look 9 ! beg9n+ = ! /ream l9es & valleys1 &1 by contra/1 if = no o!r reason1 ! hills & ridges at once loom up4 ,to illu/rate ! subject ( cont\rs to aid ^? :o h difficulty 9 read+ cont\r$ maps ! foll[+ is sugge/$3 #a4 ,secure model+ clay & build a m\nd4 #b4 ,use wire & slice ?is m\nd horizontally at equal v]tical int]vals into zones2 !n ins]t v]tical d[els ?r\gh ! m\nd ( clay4 #c4 ,remove ! top zone1 place on pap]1 & draw outl9e ( ! bottom edge4 ,trim y\r pap] r\ghly to ! outl9e drawn4 ,indicate :]e ! holes made by ! d[els pi]ce ! pap]4 #d4 ,d ! above ) ea* zone ( y\r m\nd4 #e4 ,place ^! pap]s 9 prop] ord] on d[els simil>ly plac$ to ones 9 orig9al m\nd at1 say1 #a in* v]tical int]val ap>t4 ,a skeleton m\nd results4 #f4 ,replace ! zones ( ! clay m\nd & =m ! orig9al clay m\nd along ! side ( skeleton m\nd4 #g4 ,new =ce all ! pap] %eets d[n ! d[els onto ! bottom %eet1 & we h a map ( clay m\nd ) cont\rs4 ,,note4--,"o-in* or #b-;in* planks c be made into any desir$ =m by ! use ( d[els & simil> proc$ure foll[$4 ,p frequ5tly ask1 ,:at %\ld ,i see :5 ,i read a map8 & ! answ] is giv51 ,! gr\nd z x is4 ,?is is n true any m ?an x is true t ! words1 ,! valley ( ! ,meuse1 br+ to y\r m9d v9e-clad hills1 a noble riv]1 & gre5 fields :]e cattle graze4 ,nor c any picture ev] put into y\r ?\ght :at ! ,gr& ,canyon really is4 ,:at pr9t$ ^w or pa9t$ picture c n d1 a map w n4 ,a map says to y1 ,"h /&s a hill1 ,"h is a valley1 ,?is /ream runs s1 & gives y a good _m facts 9 reg>d to !m4 ,b y d n h to see any?+1 any m ?an y h to visualize ,liege 9 ord] to le>n ! facts ( its geography4 ,a map sets =? cold facts 9 an alphabet all its own1 b an easy alphabet1 & "o t tells ) a few curv+ l9es m ?an _m ?\s& words c\ld tell4 ,,section #b4 ,,sket*+4 ,noncommission$ (fic]s & select$ privates %\ld be able to make simple r\te sket*es4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly useful 9 patroll+ z !reby a patrol lead] is able to give 8 comm&] a good idea ( ! c\ntry 8 patrol has trav]s$4 ,sket*es %\ld be made on a c]ta9 scale1 :i* %\ld be indicat$ on ! sket*1 su* z #c in*es on ! sket* equals #a mile on ! gr\nd4 ,! nor? %\ld be indicat$ on ! sket* by means ( an arr[ po9t+ 9 t direction4 ,any piece ( pap] may be us$ to make ! sket* on4 ,! back ( ! field-message blank is rul$ & prep>$ = ?is purpose4 ,! abbreviations & conv5tional signs %[n on ! foll[+ pages %\ld be us$ 9 mak+ su* simple sket*es4 ,field ,maps & ,sket*es4 ,! foll[+ abbreviations & signs are au?oriz$ = use on field maps & sket*es4 ,= m elaborate map "w ! au?oriz$ conv5tional signs z giv5 9 ! manual ( ,conv5tional ,signs1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army ,maps1 are us$4 ,abbreviations o!r ?an ^? giv5 %\ld n be us$4 ,,abbreviations4 ,a4 ,arroyo4 ,l4 ,s4 ,s4 ,life-,sav+ ,/ation4 abut4 ,abutm5t4 ,l4 ,h4 ,ligh?\se ,ar4 ,ar*4 ,long4 ,longitude4 b4 ,brick4 ,mt4 ,m\nta94 ,b4 ,s4 ,blacksmi? ,%op4 ,mts4 ,m\nta9s4 bot4 ,bottom4 ,n4 ,nor?4 ,br4 ,bran*4 n4 f4 ,n =dable4 br4 ,bridge4 ,p4 ,pi]4 ,c4 ,cape4 pk4 ,plank4 cem4 ,cemet]y4 ,p4 ,o4 ,po/ ,(fice con4 ,concrete4 ,pt4 ,po9t4 cov4 ,cov]$4 q4p ,que5-po/ ,cr4 ,creek4 ,r4 ,riv]4 d4 ,deep4 ,r4 ,h4 ,r\ndh\se4 cul4 ,culv]t4 ,r4 ,r4 ,railroad4 ,d4 ,s4 ,drug ,/ore4 ,s4 ,s\?4 ,e4 ,ea/4 s4 ,/eel4 ,e/4 ,e/u>y4 ,s4 ,h4 ,s*oolh\se4 f4 ,=dable4 ,s4 ,m4 ,sawmill4 ,ft4 ,=t4 ,/a4 ,/ation4 ,g4 ,s ,g5]al ,/ore4 /4 ,/one4 gir4 ,gird]4 /r4 ,/ream4 ,g4 ,m4 ,gri/mill4 ,t4 ,g4 ,tollgate4 ,i4 ,iron4 ,tres4 ,tre/le4 ,i4 ,isl&4 tr4 ,truss4 ,jc4 ,junction4 ,w4 ,t4 ,wat] ,tank4 k4p4 ,k+-po/4 ,w4 ,w4 ,wat] ,works4 ,l4 ,lake4 ,w4 ,we/4 ,lat4 ,latitude4 w4 ,wood4 ,ldg4 ,l&+4 wd4 ,wide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,signs--,,field ,,maps ,,& ,,sket*es ,illu/ration ,,message ,,blanks ,illu/ration ,! head+ ,f is fill$ 9 ) ! "n ( ! deta*m5t s5d+ ! in=mation3 z ,(fic]'s ,patrol1 #g? ,cav4 ,messages s5t on ! same day f ! same s\rce to ! same p]son are numb]$ consecutively4 ,! address is writt5 briefly1 ?us3 ,comm&+ (fic]1 ,outpo/1 #a/ ,brigade1 ,9 ! signature ! writ]'s surname only & rank are giv54 ,?is blank is f\r & a half by six & ?ree qu>t]s-in*es1 includ+ ! m>g9 on ! left = b9d+4 ,! back is rul$ 9 squ>es1 ! side ( ea* squ>e repres5t+ #ajj y>ds on a scale ( #c in*es to "o mile1 = use 9 mak+ simple sket*es explanatory ( ! message4 ,x is issu$ by ! ,signal ,corps 9 blocks ( =ty ) duplicat+ %eets4 ,! regulation envelope is ?ree by five & "o-f\r? in*es & is pr9t$ z foll[s3 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,army ,,field ,,message4 ,to 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4,no 4 4 4 4 7,= signal op]ator only47 ,:5s5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4,no 4 4 4 4 ,rate(spe$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,"n(mess5g] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,:5&by:omrec'd 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,?is ,envelope w be ,return$ to ,be>]4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,signals ,,& ,,codes4 7,extracts f ,signal ,book1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 #aiaf47 ,g5]al ,in/ructions = ,army ,signal+4 #a4 ,ea* signal /ation w h its call1 consi/+ ( "o or two lett]s1 z ,wa%+ton1 ,w2 & ea* op]ator or signali/ w also h 8 p]sonal signal ( "o or two lett]s1 z ,jones1 ,jo4 ,^! be+ once adopt$ w n be *ang$ )\t due au?ority4 #b4 ,to less5 liability ( error1 num]als :i* occur 9 ! body ( a message %\ld be spell$ out4 #c4 ,9 receiv+ a message ! man at ! telescope %\ld call out ea* lett] z receiv$1 & n wait = ! completion ( a ^w4 #d4 ,a record ( ! date & "t ( ! receipt or transmission ( e message mu/ be kept4 #e4 ,! duplicate manuscript ( messages receiv$ at1 or ! orig9al s5t f1 a /ation %\ld be c>efully fil$4 #f4 ,9 receiv+ messages no?+ %\ld be tak5 = grant$1 & no?+ consid]$ z se5 until x has be5 positively & cle>ly 9 view4 ,d n anticipate :at w foll[ f signals already giv54 ,wat* ! communicat+ /ation until ! la/ signals are made1 & be v c]ta9 t ! signal = ! end ( ! message has be5 giv54 #g4 ,e address mu/ conta9 at lea/ two words & %\ld be suffici5t to secure deliv]y4 #h4 ,all t ! s5d] writes = transmission aft] ! ^w ,to is c\nt$4 #i4 ,:5ev] m ?an "o signature is atta*$ to a message c\nt all initials & names z a "p ( ! message4 #aj4 ,diction>y words1 initial lett]s1 surnames ( p]sons1 names ( cities1 t[ns1 villages1 ,/ates1 & ,t]ritories1 or names ( ! ,canadian ,prov9ces w be c\nt$ ea* z "o ^w3 e4g41 ,new ,york1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,ea/ ,/4 ,l\is %\ld ea* be c\nt$ z "o ^w4 ,! abbreviation ( ! names ( cities1 t[ns1 villages1 ,/ates1 ,t]ritories1 & prov9ces w be c\nt$ ! same z if writt5 9 full4 #aa4 ,abbreviations ( weights & measures 9 common use1 figures1 decimal po9ts1 b>s ( division1 & 9 ord9al numb]s ! affixes /1 d1 nd1 rd1 & ? w be ea* c\nt$ z "o ^w4 ,lett]s & gr\ps ( lett]s1 :5 su* gr\ps d n =m diction>y words & are n comb9ations ( diction>y words1 w be c\nt$ at ! rate ( five lett]s or fraction ( five lett]s to a ^w4 ,:5 su* gr\ps are made up ( comb9ations ( diction>y words1 ea* diction>y ^w s us$ w be c\nt$4 #ab4 ,! foll[+ are exceptions to p>agraph #ee1 & are c\nt$ z %[n3 ,a4 ,m4 #a ^w ,p4 ,m4 #a ^w ,o4 ,k4 #a ^w ,p] c5t #a ^w #ac4 ,no message w be consid]$ s5t until its receipt has be5 ackn[l$g$ by ! receiv+ /ation4 ,! ,int]national ,morse or ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code4 #ah4 ,! ,int]national ,morse ,code is ! ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code & is prescrib$ = use by ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & betwe5 ! ,army & ! ,navy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x w be us$ on radio sy/ems1 subm>9e cables us+ siphon record]s1 & ) ! heliograph1 fla%-lant]n1 & all visual signal+ app>atus us+ ! wigwag4 ,alphabet4 ,a 4 - ,n - 4 ,b - 4 4 4 ,o - - - ,c - 4 - 4 ,p 4 - - 4 ,d - 4 4 ,q - - 4 - ,e 4 ,r 4 - 4 ,f 4 4 - 4 ,s 4 4 4 ,g - - 4 ,t - ,h 4 4 4 4 ,u 4 4 - ,i 4 4 ,v 4 4 4 - ,j 4 - - - ,w 4 - - ,k - 4 - ,x - 4 4 - ,l 4 - 4 4 ,y - 4 - - ,m - - ,z - - 4 4 ,num]als4 #a 4 - - - - #f - 4 4 4 4 #b 4 4 - - - #g - - 4 4 4 #c 4 4 4 - - #h - - - 4 4 #d 4 4 4 4 - #i - - - - 4 #e 4 4 4 4 4 #j - - - - - ,punctuation4 ,p]iod 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,comma 4 - 4 - 4 - ,int]rogation 4 4 - - 4 4 ,hyph5 or da% - 4 4 4 4 - ,p>5!ses 7be=e & aft] ! words7 - 4 - - 4 - ,quotation m>k 7beg9n+ & end+7 4 - 4 4 - 4 ,exclamation - - 4 4 - - ,apo/rophe 4 - - - - 4 ,semicolon - 4 - 4 - 4 ,colon - - - 4 4 4 ,b> indicat+ fraction - 4 4 - 4 ,und]l9e 7be=e & aft] ! ^w or words x is wi%$ to und]l9e7 4 4 - - 4 - ,d\ble da% 7betwe5 preamble & address1 betwe5 address & body ( message1 betwe5 body ( message & signature1 & imm$iately be=e a fraction7 - 4 4 4 - ,cross 4 - 4 - 4 ,visual ,signal+ 9 ,g5]al4 #ba4 ,me?ods ( visual signal+ are divid$ z foll[s3 7a7 ,by flag1 tor*1 h& lant]n1 or beam ( se>*light 7)\t %utt]74 7,g5]al ,s]vice ,code74 7b7 ,by heliograph1 fla% lant]n1 or se>*light 7) %utt]74 7,g5]al ,s]vice ,code74 7c7 ,by ,ardois4 7,g5]al ,s]vice ,code74 7d7 ,by h& flags or by /ation>y semaphore4 7,two-arm semaphore ,code47 7e7 ,by preconc]t$ signals ) ,co/on lights1 rockets1 bombs1 ,v pi/ols1 small arms1 guns1 etc4 7f7 ,by flag signals by p]man5t hoi/s4 7,int]national ,code47 #bb4 ,! foll[+ conv5tional signals1 ) exceptions not$1 w be us$ 9 ! fir/ f\r classes4 ,exceptions ,ardois & semaphore4 ,end ( ^w4 ,int]val4 ,end ( s5t5ce4 ,d\ble int]val4 ,end ( message4 ,triple int]val4 ,signal sep>at+ preamble f address2 address f text2 text f signature4 - 4 4 4 - ,d\ble int]val1 signature prec$$ also by ,sig4 ,int]val4 ,ackn[l$gem5t4 ,r4 ,error4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,a4 ,negative4 ,k4 ,prep>atory4 ,l4 ,annull+4 ,n4 ,affirmative4 ,p4 ,int]rogatory4 4 4 - - 4 4 ,o4 ,repeat aft] ^w4 ,int]rogatory4 ,a 7^w74 ,repeat la/ message4 ,int]rogatory ?ree times ,s5d fa/]4 ,,qrq ,s5d sl[]4 ,,qrs ,cease s5d+ ,,qrt ,wait a mom5t 4 - 4 4 4 ,none4 ,execute4 ,,ix1 ,,ix ,move to y\r "r4 ,,mr ,move to y\r left4 ,,ml ,move up4 ,,mu ,move d[n4 ,,md ,f9i%$ 4 4 4 - 4 - ,none4 ,visual ,signal+3 ,by ,flag 7,wig-,wag71 ,tor*1 ,h& ,lant]n1 or ,beam or ,se>*light 7,)\t ,%utt]74 ,,g5]al ,,s]vice ,,code4 #bc4 ,= ! flag us$ ) ! ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code !re are ?ree motions & "o position4 ,! position is ) ! flag held v]tically1 ! signalman fac+ directly t[>d ! /ation ) :i* x is desir$ to communicate4 ,! fir/ motion 7! dot7 is to ! "r ( ! s5d]1 & w embrace an arc ( #ij deg41 />t+ ) ! v]tical & return+ to x1 & w be made 9 a plane at "r angles to ! l9e connect+ ! two /ations4 ,! second motion 7! da%7 is a simil> motion to ! left ( ! s5d]4 ,! ?ird motion 7front7 is d[nw>d directly 9 front ( ! s5d] & in/antly return$ upw>d to ! fir/ position4 ,front is us$ to indicate an int]val4 #bd4 ,! beam ( ! se>*light1 ?\gh ord9>ily us$ ) ! %utt] l ! heliograph1 may be us$ = long-di/ance signal+1 :5 no %utt] is suitable or available1 9 a simil> mann] to ! flag or tor*1 ! fir/ position be+ a v]tical "o4 ,a movem5t ( ! beam #ij deg4 to ! "r ( ! s5d] indicates a dot1 a simil> movem5t to ! left indicates a da%2 ! beam is l[]$ v]tically = front4 #be4 ,to use ! tor* or h& lant]n1 a foot light mu/ be employ$ z a po9t ( ref]5ce to ! motion4 ,! lant]n is mo/ conv5i5tly swung out upw>d to ! "r ( ! footlight = a dot1 to ! left = a da%1 & rais$ v]tically = front4 ,,note4--,to call a /ation1 make ! call lett] until ackn[l$g$1 at int]vals giv+ ! call or signal ( ! call+ /ation4 ,if ! call lett] ( a /ation is unkn[n1 wave flag until ackn[l$g$4 ,9 us+ ! se>*light )\t %utt] ?r[ ! beam 9 a v]tical position & move x ?r\gh an arc ( #ahj deg4 9 a plane at "r angles to ! l9e connect+ ! two /ations until ackn[l$g$4 ,to ackn[l$ge a call1 signal ,ackn[l$gm5t foll[$ by ! call lett] ( ! ackn[l$g+ /ation4 ,signal+ ) ,heliograph1 ,fla% ,lant]n1 & ,se>*light 7,) ,%utt]74 ,,g5]al ,,s]vice ,,code4 #bf4 ,! fir/ position is to turn a /eady fla% on ! receiv+ /ation4 ,! signals are made by %ort & long fla%es4 ,use a %ort fla% = dot & a long /eady fla% = da%4 ,! elem5ts ( a lett] %\ld be slightly long] ?an 9 s\nd signals4 #bg4 ,to call a /ation1 make its call lett] until ackn[l$g$4 #bh4 ,if ! call lett] ( a /ation be unkn[n1 signal ,a until ackn[l$g$4 ,ea* /ation w !n turn on a /eady fla% & adju/4 ,:5 adju/m5t is satisfactory to ! call$ /ation1 x w cut (f its fla% & ! call+ /ation w proce$ ) its message4 #bi4 ,if ! receiv] sees t ! s5d]'s mirror or light ne$s adju/m5t1 he w turn on a /eady fla% until answ]$1 by a /eady fla%4 ,:5 ! adju/m5t is satisfactory ! receiv] w cut (f 8 fla% & ! s5d] w resume 8 message4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,two-,,arm ,,semaphore ,,code4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,two-,,arm ,,semaphore ,,code4 #cj4 ,to break ! s5d+ /ation = o!r purposes1 turn on a /eady fla%4 ,,s\nd ,,signals4 #ef4 ,s\nd signals made by ! :i/le1 foghorn1 bugle1 trumpet1 & drum may well be us$ 9 a fog1 mi/1 fall+ sn[1 or at night4 ,!y may be us$ ) ! dot & da% code4 ,9 apply+ ! ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code to :i/le1 foghorn1 bugle1 or trumpet1 "o %ort bla/ indicates a dot & "o long bla/ a da%4 ,) ! drum1 "o tap indicates a dot & two taps 9 rapid succession a da%4 ,al?\gh ^! signals c be us$ ) a dot & da% code1 !y %\ld be s us$ 9 connection ) a preconc]t$ or conv5tional code4 ,signal+ by ,two-,arm ,semaphore4 ,,h& ,,flags4 #dc4 ,signal+ by ! two-arm semaphore is ! mo/ rapid me?od ( s5d+ spell$-out messages4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v liable to error if ! motions are slurr$ ov] or run toge!r 9 an attempt to make spe$4 ,bo? arms %\ld move rapidly & simultane\sly1 b !re %\ld be a p]ceptible pause at ! end ( ea* lett] be=e mak+ ! movem5ts = ! next lett]4 ,rapidity is second>y to accuracy4 ,= alphabet see pages foll[+4 ,,note4--,9 mak+ ! int]val ! flags are cross$ d[nw>d 9 front ( ! body 7j above ! knees72 ! d\ble int]val is ! *op-*op signal made twice2 ! triple int]val is *op-*op signal made ?ree times4 ,9 call+ a /ation face x squ>ely & make its call4 ,if !re is no imm$iate reply wave ! flags ov] ! head to attract att5tion1 mak+ ! call at frequ5t int]vals4 ,:5 ! s5d] makes end ( message ! receiv]1 if message is und]/ood1 ext5ds ! flags horizontally & waves !m until ! s5d] does ! same1 :5 bo? leave _! /ations4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 ) h& flags to hold ! /affs s z to =m a prolongation ( ! arms4 ,,lett] ,,codes4 ,,infantry4 #dg4 ,= use ) ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code or semaphore h& flags4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,lett] ( ,if signal$ f ,if signal$ f alphabet ! re> to ! ! fir+ l9e fir+ l9e4 to ! re>4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,am ,ammunition go+ ,ammunition requir$4 =w>d4 ,,ccc ,*>ge 7m&atory ,am ab\t to *>ge at all times74 if no in/ructions to ! contr>y4 ,,cf ,cease fir+4 ,cease fir+4 ,,dt ,d\ble "t or ru%4 ,d\ble "t or ru%4 ,f ,comm5ce fir+4 ,,fb ,fix bayonet4 ,,fl ,artill]y fire is caus+ u losses4 ,g ,move =w>d4 ,prep>+ to move =w>d4 ,,hhh ,halt4 ,k ,negative4 ,negative4 ,,lt ,left4 ,left4 ,o ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 7,ardois & etc478 ,int]rogatory4 etc478 ,int]rogatory4 ,semaphore only47 4 4 - - 4 4 ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 ,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 7,all me?ods etc478 ,int]rogatory4 etc478 ,int]rogatory4 b ardois & semaphore47 ,p ,affirmative4 ,affirmative4 ,,rn ,range4 ,range4 ,,rt ,"r4 ,"r4 ,,sss ,support go+ =w>d4 ,support ne$$4 ,,suf ,susp5d fir+4 ,susp5d fir+4 ,t ,t>get4 ,t>get4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,cavalry4 #dh4 ,= use ) ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code or semaphore h& flags4 ,,am--,ammunition go+ =w>d 7if signal$ f ! re> to ! front74 ,ammunition requir$ 7,if signal$ f ! front74 ,,ccc--,*>ge 7if signal$ re> ! re> to ! front74 ,ab\t to *>ge if no in/ructions to ! contr>y 7if signal$ f ! front74 ,,cf--,cease fir+4 ,,dt--,d\ble "t1 ru%1 or hurry4 ,f--,comm5ce fir+4 ,,fl--,artill]y fire is caus+ u losses4 ,g--,move =w>d 7if signal$ f ! re> to ! front74 ,prep>+ to move =w>d 7if signal$ f ! front74 ,,hhh--,halt4 ,k--,negative4 ,,lt--,left4 ,m--,br+ up ! horses 7if signal$ f front to re>74 ,horses go+ =w>d 7if signal$ f re> to front74 ,o--,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc478 ,int]rogatory4 7,ardois & semaphore only47 4 4 - - 4 4--,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc478 ,int]rogatory4 7,all me?ods b ardois & semaphore47 ,p--,affirmative4 ,r--,ackn[l$gm5t4 ,,rn--,range4 ,,rt--,"r4 ,,sss--,support go+ =w>d 7if signal$ f ! re> to ! front74 ,support ne$$ 7if signal$ f ! front74 ,,suf--,susp5d fir+4 ,t--,t>get4 ,,field ,,artill]y4 #di4 ,= use ) ,g5]al ,s]vice ,code or semaphore h& flags4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4--,error4 7,all me?ods b ardois & semaphore47 ,a--,error4 7,ardois & semaphore only47 ,,ad--,additional4 ,,akt--,draw ammunition f combat tram4 ,,al--,draw ammunition f limb]s4 ,,am--,ammunition go+ =w>d4 ,,amc--,at my comm&4 ,,ap--,aim+ po9t4 ,b 7num]als7--,batt]y 7s _m7 r\nds4 ,,bs 7num]als7--7,su*47 ,battalion /ation4 ,,bl--,batt]y f ! left4 ,,br--,batt]y f ! "r4 ,,ccc--,*>ge 7m&atory at all times74 ,am ab\t to *>ge if n in/ruct$ to contr>y4 ,,cf--,cease fir+4 ,,cs--,close /ation4 ,,ct--,*ange t>get4 ,d--,d[n4 ,,df--,deflection4 ,,dt--,d\ble "t4 ,ru%4 ,hurry4 ,f--,comm5ce fir+4 ,,fcl 7num]als7--,on #a/ piece close by 7s mu*74 ,,fl--,artill]y fire is caus+ u losses4 ,,fop 7num]als7--,on #a/ piece op5 by 7s mu*74 ,g--,move =w>d4 ,prep>+ to move =w>d4 ,,hhh--,halt4 ,action susp5d$4 ,,ix--,execute4 ,g ahead4 ,transmit4 ,,ji--,report fir+ data4 ,k--,negative4 ,no4 ,,kr--,corrector4 ,l--,prep>atory4 ,att5tion4 ,,lcl 7num]als7--,on #d? piece close by 7s mu*74 ,,lop 7num]als7--,on #d? piece op5 by 7s mu*74 ,,lt--,left4 ,,ll--,left f ! left4 ,,lr--,left f ! "r4 ,,le 7num]als7--,left 7s mu*74 ,,md--,move d[n4 ,,ml--,move to y\r left4 ,,mr--,move to y\r "r4 ,,mu--,move up4 ,,mo 7num]als7--,move 7s mu*74 ,n--,annul1 cancel4 ,o--,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n41 etc478 ,int]rogatory4 7,ardois & semaphore only47 4 4 - - 4 4--,:at is ! 7,r4 ,n44 etc478 ,int]rogatory4 7,all me?ods b ardois & semaphore47 ,p--,affirmative4 ,yes4 ,,ps--,p]cussion4 ,%rapnel4 ,,qrq--,s5d fa/]4 ,,qrs--,s5d sl[]4 ,,qrt--,cease s5d+4 ,r--,ackn[l$gm5t4 ,receiv$4 ,,rs--,regim5tal /ation4 ,,rl--,"r f ! left4 ,,rr--,"r f ! "r4 ,,rn--,range4 ,,rt--,"r4 ,s--,subtract4 ,,scl 7num]als7--,on #b;d piece close by 7s mu*74 ,,sop 7num]als7--,on #b;d piece op5 by 7s mu*74 ,,%--,%ell4 ,,si--,site4 ,,sss--,support ne$$4 ,t--,t>get4 ,,tcl 7num]als7--,on #c;d piece close by 7s mu*74 ,,top 7num]als7--,on #c;d piece op5 by 7s mu*74 ,u--,up4 ,y 7lett]7--,su* batt]y /ation4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,fir/ ,,aid ,,rules4 ,! b&ages & dress+s conta9$ 9 ! fir/-aid packet h be5 s treat$ z to de/roy any g]ms !reon4 ,!re=e1 :5 dress+ a w\nd1 be c>eful n to t\* or h&le t "p ( ! dress+ :i* is to be appli$ to ! w\nd4 ,a sick or injur$ p]son %\ld always be made to lie d[n on 8 back1 if practicable1 z ?is is ! mo/ com=table position1 & all muscles may be relax$4 ,all tight articles ( clo?+ & equipm5t %\ld be loos5$1 s z n to int]f]e ) brea?+ or ! circulation ( ! blood4 ,belts1 coll>s1 & ! tr\s]s at ! wai/ %\ld be op5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,don't let m]e onlook]s cr[d ab\t ! pati5t4 ,!y prev5t him f gett+ fre% air & also make him n]v\s & excit$4 ,9 case ( injury ! he>t action is g5]ally weak f %ock1 & ! body1 !re=e1 gr[s some:at cold4 ,s don't remove any m clo?+ ?an is necess>y to expose ! injury4 ,cut or rip ! clo?+1 b don't pull x4 ,try to di/urb ! pati5t z little z possible4 ,don't t\* a w\nd ) y\r f+]s or a h&k]*ief1 or ) any?+ else b ! fir/-aid dress+4 ,don't wa% ! w\nd ) wat]1 z y may infect x4 ,don't adm9i/] /imulants 7:isky1 br&y1 w9e1 etc47 unless ord]$ to d s by a doctor4 ,:ile 9 a few cases /imulants are ( b5efit1 9 a great _m cases !y d positive h>m1 especially :]e !re has be5 any ble$+4 ,! he>t may be consid]$ z a pump & ! art]ies z a rubb] hose1 :i* c>ry ! blood f ! he>t to e "p ( ! body4 ,! ve9s are ! hose :i* c>ry ! blood back to ! he>t4 ,e w\nd ble$s "s1 b1 unless a l>ge art]y or a l>ge ve9 is cut1 ! ble$+ w /op aft] a %ort :ile if ! pati5t is kept quiet & ! fir/-aid dress+ is b\nd ov] ! w\nd s z to make pressure on x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,:5 a l>ge art]y is cut ! blood gu%es out 9 spurts e "t ! he>t beats4 ,9 ?is case x is necess>y to /op ! fl[ ( blood by press+ ^u ! hose some:]e betwe5 ! he>t & ! leak4 ,if ! leak is 9 ! arm or h&1 apply pressure z 9 figure #a4 ,if ! leak is 9 ! leg1 apply pressure z 9 figure #b4 ,if ! leak is 9 ! %\ld] or armpit1 apply pressure z 9 figure #c4 ,! reason = ?is is t at ! places indicat$ ! art]ies may be press$ aga9/ a bone m easily ?an at any o!r places4 ,ano!r way ( apply+ pressure 7by means ( a t\rniquet7 is %[n 9 figure #d4 ,place a pad ( tightly roll$ clo? or pap]1 or any suitable object1 ov] ! art]y4 ,tie a b&age loosely ab\t ! limb & !n ins]t y\r bayonet1 or a /ick1 & twi/ up ! b&age until ! pressure ( ! pad on ! art]y /ops ! leak4 ,twi/ ! b&age sl[ly & /op z soon z ! blood ceases to fl[1 9 ord] n to bruise ! fle% or muscles unnecess>ily4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,a t\rniquet may cause pa9 & swell+ ( ! limb1 & x left on too long may cause ! limb to die4 ,!re=e1 ab\t e half h\r or s1 loos5 ! b&age v c>efully1 b if ! ble$+ cont9ues pressure mu/ be appli$ aga94 ,9 ?is case apply ! pressure ) ! ?umb = five or t5 m9utes1 z ?is cuts (f only ! ma9 art]y & leaves "s ( ! small] art]ies & ! ve9s free to re/ore "s ( ! circulation4 ,:5 a t\rniquet is pa9ful1 x is too tight & %\ld be c>efully loos5$ a little4 ,x ! leg or arm is held upright1 ?is also helps to r$uce ! ble$+ 9 ^! p>ts1 because ! he>t !n has to pump ! blood uphill4 ,a brok5 bone is call$ a fracture4 ,! great dang] 9 ! case ( a fracture is t ! %>p1 jagg$ edges ( ! bones may /ick ?r\gh ! fle% & sk91 or te> & bruise ! art]ies1 ve9s1 & muscles4 ,if ! sk9 is n brok51 a fracture is n s s]i\s1 z no g]ms c get 94 ,!re=e nev] move a p]son ) a brok5 bone until ! fracture has be5 s fix$ t ! brok5 ends ( ! bone c n move4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--;,improvis$ t\rniquet4 ,if ! leg or arm is brok51 /raight5 ! limb g5tly & if necess>y pull ^u ! end firmly to get ! bones 9 place4 ,!n b9d ! limb firmly to a spl9t to hold x 9 place4 ,a spl9t may be made ( any /raight1 /iff mat]ial--a %+le or piece ( bo>d1 a bayonet1 a rifle1 a /raight bran* ( a tree1 etc4 ,:atev] mat]ial y use mu/ be well padd$ on ! side next to ! limb4 ,be c>eful nev] to place ! b&ages ov] ! fracture1 b always above & bel[4 7,figs4 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h47 ,_m surgeons ?9k t ! me?od ( b9d+ a brok5 leg to ! well "o1 & ( b9d+ ! arm to ! body1 is ! be/ plan 9 ! field z be+ ! quicke/ & "o t s]ves ! imm$iate purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,) w\nds ab\t ! body ! *e/ & abdom5 y mu/ n m$dle except to protect !m :5 possible )\t mu* h&l+ ) ! mat]ials ( ! packet4 ,,fa9t+1 ,,%ock1 ,,heat ,,exhau/ion4 ,! symptoms ( fa9t+1 %ock1 & heat exhau/ion are v simil>4 ,! face is pale1 ! sk9 cool & moi/1 ! pulse is weak1 & g5]ally ! pati5t is unconsci\s4 ,keep ! pati5t quiet1 re/+ on 8 back1 ) 8 head l[4 ,loos5 ! clo?+1 b keep ! pati5t w>m1 & give /imulants 7:isky1 hot c(fee1 tea1 etc474 ,,sun/roke4 ,9 ! case ( sun/roke ! face is flu%$1 ! sk9 is dry & v hot1 & ! pulse is full & /rong4 ,9 ?is case place ! pati5t 9 a cool spot1 remove ! clo?+1 & make e ef=t to less5 ! heat 9 ! body by cold applications to ! head & surface g5]ally4 ,d n1 "u any circum/ances1 give any /imulants or hot dr9ks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,freez+ ,,& ,,fro/bite4 ,! "p froz51 :i* looks :ite or blui% :ite1 & is cold1 %\ld be v sl[ly rais$ 9 temp]ature by brisk b c>eful rubb+ 9 a cool place & nev] ne> a fire4 ,/imulants are to be giv5 cauti\sly :5 ! pati5t c swall[1 & foll[$ by small am\nts ( w>m liquid n\ri%m5t4 ,! object is to re/ore ! circulation ( ! blood & ! natural w>m? gradually & n viol5tly4 ,c>e & pati5ce are necess>y to d ?is4 ,,resusitation ,,( ,,! ,,app>5tly ,,dr[n$4 ,9 ! in/ruction ( ! ,army 9 ,fir/ ,aid ! me?od ( resuscitation ( ! app>5tly dr[n$1 z describ$ by ,s*aef]1 w be taught in/ead ( ! ,sylve/] ,me?od1 h]et(ore us$4 ,! ,s*aef] me?od ( artificial respiration is also applicable 9 cases ( electric %ock1 asphyxiation by gas1 & ( ! failure ( respiration foll[+ concussion ( ! bra94 ,be+ "u wat] = f\r ( five m9utes is g5]ally fatal1 b an ef=t to revive ! app>5tly dr[n$ %\ld always be made1 unless x is kn[n t ! body has be5 "u wat] = a v long "t4 ,! attempt to revive ! pati5t %\ld n be delay$ = ! purpose ( remov+ 8 clo!s or plac+ him 9 ! ambulance4 ,beg9 ! proc$ure z soon z he is out ( ! wat]1 on ! %ore or 9 ! boat4 ,! fir/ & mo/ important ?+ is to />t artificial respiration )\t delay4 ,! ,s*aef] me?od is pref]r$ because x c be c>ri$ out by "o p]son )\t assi/ance1 & because its proc$ure is n exhau/+ to ! op]ator1 ?us p]mitt+ him1 if requir$1 to cont9ue x = "o or two h\rs4 ,:5 x is kn[n t a p]son has be5 "u wat] = b a few m9utes cont9ue ! artificial respiration = at lea/ "o & a half to two h\rs be=e consid]+ ! case hopeless4 ,once ! pati5t has begun to brea! wat* c>efully to see t he does n /op aga94 ,%\ld ! brea?+ be v fa9t1 or %\ld he /op brea?+1 assi/ him aga9 ) artificial respiration4 ,aft] he />ts brea?+ d n lift him nor p]mit him to /& until ! brea?+ has become full & regul>4 ,z soon z ! pati5t is remov$ f ! wat]1 turn him face to ! gr\nd1 clasp y\r h&s "u 8 wai/1 & raise ! body s any wat] may dra9 out ( ! air passages :ile ! head rema9s l[4 7,figure #i47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,s*aef] me?od ( artificial respiration4 ,inspiration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,s*aef] me?od ( artificial respiration4 ,expiration4 ,! pati5t is laid on 8 /oma*1 arms ext5d$ f 8 body beyond 8 head1 face turn$ to "o side s t ! m\? & nose d n t\* ! gr\nd4 ,?is position causes ! tongue to fall =w>d ( its own weight & s prev5ts its fall+ back into ! air passages4 ,turn+ ! head to "o side prev5ts ! face com+ into contact ) mud or wat] dur+ ! op]ation4 ,?is position also facilitates ! removal f ! m\? ( =eign bodies1 su* z tobacco1 *ew+ gum1 false tee?1 etc41 & favors ! expulsion ( mucus1 blood1 vomitus1 s]um1 or any liquid t may be 9 ! air passages4 ,! op]ator kneels1 /raddles "o or bo? ( ! pati5t's ?ighs1 & faces 8 head4 ,locat+ ! l[e/ rib1 ! op]ator1 ) 8 ?umbs ne>ly p>allel to 8 f+]s1 places 8 h&s s t ! little f+] curls ov] ! twelf? rib4 ,if ! h&s are on ! pelvic bones ! object ( ! "w is defeat$2 h5ce ! bones ( ! pelvis are fir/ locat$ 9 ord] to avoid !m4 ,! h&s mu/ be free f ! pelvis & re/+ on ! l[e/ rib4 ,by op]at+ on ! b>e back x is easi] to locate ! l[] ribs & avoid ! pelvis4 ,! ne>] ! ends ( ! ribs ! h&s are plac$ )\t slid+ (f ! bett]4 ,! h&s are ?us remov$ f ! sp9e1 ! f+]s be+ ne>ly out ( sight4 ,! f+]s help "s1 b ! *ief pressure is ex]t$ by ! heels 7!n> & hypo!n> em95ces7 ( ! h&s1 ) ! weight com+ /raight f ! %\ld]s4 ,x is a wa/e ( en]gy to b5d ! arms at ! elb[s & %ove 9 f ! sides1 because ! muscles ( ! back are /rong] ?an ! muscles ( ! arms4 ,! op]ator's arms are held /raight1 & 8 weight is br\ght f 8 %\ld]s by br++ 8 body & %\ld]s =w>d4 ,?is weight is gradually increas$ until at ! end ( ! ?ree seconds ( v]tical pressure ^u ! l[] ribs ( ! pati5t ! =ce is felt to be heavy en\gh to compress ! p>ts2 !n ! weight is sudd5ly remov$4 ,if !re is dang] ( n return+ ! h&s to ! "r position aga91 !y c rema9 lightly 9 place2 b x is usually bett] to remove ! h&s entirely4 ,if ! op]ator is light & ! pati5t an ov]weight adult1 he c utilize ov] #hj p] c5t ( 8 weight by rais+ 8 knees f ! gr\nd & support+ himself entirely on 8 toes & ! heels ( 8 h&s1 ! latt] prop]ly plac$ on ! ends ( ! float+ ribs ( ! pati5t4 ,9 ?is mann] he c "w z effectively z a heavy man4 ,a light fea!r or a piece ( absorb5t cotton drawn out ?9 & held ne> ! nose by "s "o w indicate by its movem5ts :e!r or n !re is a curr5t ( air go+ & com+ ) ea* =c$ expiration & spontane\s inspiration4 ,! natural rate ( brea?+ is #ab to #ae times p] m9ute4 ,! rate ( op]ation %\ld n exce$ ?is4 ,! lungs mu/ be ?or\ghly empti$ by ?ree seconds ( pressure1 !n refill+ takes c>e ( itself4 ,pressure & release ( pressure--"o complete respiration--occupies ab\t five seconds4 ,if ! op]ator is alone1 he c be guid$ 9 ea* act by 8 own deep1 regul> respiration or by c\nt+ or by 8 wat* ly+ by 8 side4 ,if comrades are pres5t1 he c be advis$ by !m4 ,! duration ( ! ef=ts z artificial respiration %\ld ord9>ily exce$ an h\r2 indef9itely long] if !re are any evid5ces ( return+ animation1 by way ( brea?+1 speak+1 or movem5ts4 ,!re are liable to be evid5ces ( life )9 #be m9utes 9 pati5ts :o w recov] f electric %ock1 b :]e !re is d\bt ! pati5t %\ld be giv5 ! b5efit ( ! d\bt4 ,9 dr[n+1 especially1 recov]ies are on record aft] two h\rs or m ( unconsci\sness2 h5ce1 ! ,s*aef] me?od1 be+ easy ( op]ation1 is m likely to be p]si/$ 94 ,aromatic spirits ( ammonia may be p\r$ on a h&k]*ief & held cont9u\sly )9 #c in*es ( ! face & nose4 ,if o!r ammonia prep>ations are us$1 !y %\ld be dilut$ or held f>!r away4 ,try x on y\r own nose fir/4 ,:5 ! op]ator is a heavy man x is necess>y to caution him n to br+ =ce too viol5tly ^u ! ribs1 z "o ( !m might be brok54 ,d n attempt to give liquids ( any k9d to ! pati5t :ile unconsci\s4 ,apply w>m blankets & hot-wat] bottles z soon z !y c be obta9$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,laws ,,& ,,regulations4 ,,section #a4 ,,g5]al ,,provisions4 ,! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is gov]n$ by c]ta9 laws call$ ,! ,articles ( ,w> & c]ta9 regulations call$ ,army ,regulations4 ,! foll[+ li/ includes ! (f5ses mo/ (t5 committ$ by soldi]s1 g5]ally ?r\gh ignorance or c>elessness r ?an vici\sness4 ,violations ( any rule or regulation %\ld be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/1 s9ce !y n only subject ! (f5d] to puni%m5t1 b also br+ discr$it on 8 comrades1 8 organization1 & on ! milit>y pr(ession3 #a4 ,sell+1 pawn+1 or1 ?r\gh neglect1 los+ or spoil+ any ,gov]nm5t prop]ty1 su* z uni=ms1 blankets1 equipm5t1 ammunition1 etc4 #b4 ,disob$i5ce ( ! ord]s ( any (fic] or noncommission$ (fic]4 #c4 ,disrespect to an (fic] or noncommission$ (fic]4 #d4 ,abs5ce f camp )\t leave4 #e4 ,abs5ce f any drill1 =mation1 or o!r duty )\t au?ority4 #f4 ,drunk5ness on duty or (f duty1 :e!r 9 camp or :5 abs5t ei!r ) or )\t leave4 #g4 ,br++ liquor into camp4 #h4 ,noisy or disord]ly conduct 9 camp or :5 abs5t ei!r ) or )\t leave4 #i4 ,ent]+ on private prop]ty1 g5]ally = ! purpose ( /eal+ fruit1 etc4 #aj4 ,neglig5ce or c>elessness at drill or on o!r duty1 p>ticul>ly :ile on gu>d or z a s5t9el ov] prison]s4 #aa4 ,we>+ an unau?oriz$ uni=m or we>+ ! uni=m 9 an improp] mann]4 #ab4 ,ur9at+ 9 or ar\nd camp4 #ac4 ,fall+ to salute prop]ly4 #ad4 ,disrespect or affront to a s5t9el4 #ae4 ,abuse or neglect ( 8 horse4 ,! basic pr9ciples ( ! combat tactics ( ! diff]5t arms are set =? 9 ! ,drill ,regulations ( ^? arms = units z high z brigades1 7,preface1,field,s]vice,regulations47 ,! ,drill ,regulations are furni%$ z a guide4 ,!y provide ! pr9ciples = tra9+ & = increas+ ! probability ( success 9 battle4 ,9 ! int]pretation ( ! regulations ! _s mu/ be s\ght4 ,quibbl+ ov] ! m9utae ( =m is indicative ( failure to grasp ! _s1 7,p>agraph#d1 ,infantry,drill,regulations47 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations gov]n all arms ( ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,section #b4 ,,! ,,army ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all consi/ ( ! ,regul> ,army1 ! ,volunte] ,army1 ! ,(fic]s' ,res]ve ,corps1 ! ,enli/$ ,res]ve ,corps1 ! ,national ,gu>d :ile 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & su* o!r l& =ces z are n[ or may h]eaft] be au?oriz$ by law4 7,sec4 #a1 act ( ,june #c1 #aiaf47 ,,section #c4 ,,rank ,,& ,,prec$5ce ,,( ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,noncommission$ ,,(fic]s4 ,! foll[+ are ! grades ( rank ( (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s3 #a4 ,lieut5ant g5]al4 #b4 ,major g5]al4 #c4 ,brigadi] g5]al4 #d4 ,colonel4 #e4 ,lieut5ant colonel4 #f4 ,major4 #g4 ,capta94 #h4 ,fir/ lieut5ant4 #i4 ,second lieut5ant4 #aj4 ,aviator1 ,signal ,corps4 #aa4 ,cadet4 #ab4 7a7 ,s]geant major1 regim5tal2 s]geant major1 s5ior grade1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 7b7 qu>t]ma/] s]geant1 s5ior grade1 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps2 ma/] hospital s]geant1 ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t2 ma/] eng9e]1 s5ior grade1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s2 ma/] electrician1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 ma/] signal electrician2 b& l5d]2 7c7 hospital s]geant1 ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t2 ma/] eng9e]1 junior grade1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s2 eng9e]1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps4 #ac4 ,ordnance s]geant2 qu>t]ma/] s]geant1 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps2 supply s]geant1 regim5tal4 #ad4 ,s]geant-major1 squadron & battalion2 s]geant major1 junior grade1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 supply s]geant1 battalion1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s4 #ae4 7a7 ,fir/ s]geant2 7b7 s]geant1 fir/ class1 ,m$ical ,dep>tm5t2 s]geant1 fir/ class1 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps2 s]geant1 fir/ class1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s2 s]geant1 fir/ class1 ,signal ,corps2 electrician s]geant1 fir/ class1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 electrician s]geant1 ,artill]y ,deta*m5t1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy2 assi/ant eng9e]1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 7c7 ma/] gunn]1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 ma/] gunn]1 ,artill]y ,deta*m5t1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy2 b& s]geant & assi/ant lead]1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy b&2 assi/ant b& lead]2 s]geant bugl]2 electrician s]geant1 second class1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps2 electrician s]geant1 second class1 ,artill]y ,deta*m5t1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy2 radio s]geant4 #af4 ,color s]geant4 #ag4 ,s]geant2 supply s]geant1 company2 mess s]geant2 /able s]geant2 fireman1 ,coa/ ,artill]y ,corps4 #ah4 ,corporal4 ,9 ea* grade & subgrade date ( commission1 appo9tm5t1 or w>rant det]m9es ! ord] ( prec$5ce4 7,p>agraph4 #i ,army ,regulations1 #aiac47 ,,section #d4 ,,insignia ,,( ,,(fic]s ,,& ,,noncommission$ ,,(fic]s4 ,! insignia ( rank appe>+ on ! %\ld] /raps1 %\ld] loops1 or coll> ( %irt 7:5 %irt is worn )\t coat7 ( (fic]s are z foll[s3 ,g5]al3 ,coat ( arms & two />s4 ,lieut5ant g5]al3 ,"o l>ge /> & two small] ones4 ,major g5]al3 ,two silv] />s4 ,brigadi] g5]al3 ,"o silv] />4 ,colonel3 ,"o silv] spread eagle4 ,lieut5ant colonel3 ,"o silv] leaf4 ,major3 ,"o gold leaf4 ,capta93 ,two silv] b>s4 ,fir/ lieut5ant3 ,"o silv] b>4 ,! grade ( noncommission$ (fic]s is indicat$ by *evrons worn on ! sleeve4 ,,section #e4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,articles ,,( ,,w>4 7,relat+ to enli/$ m547 ,,c]ta9 ,,articles ,,to ,,be ,,read ,,& ,,expla9$4 ,,art4 #aaj4 ,articles #a1 #b1 & #bi1 #ed to #if1 inclusive1 & #ajd to #aji1 inclusive1 %all be read & expla9$ to e soldi] at ! "t ( 8 enli/m5t or mu/] 91 or )9 six days !reaft]1 & %all be read & expla9$ once e six mon?s to ! soldi]s ( e g>rison1 regim5t1 or company 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,def9itions4 ,,article #a4 ,! foll[+ words :5 us$ 9 ^! articles %all be con/ru$ 9 ! s5se indicat$ 9 ?is article1 unless ! context %[s t a diff]5t s5se is int5d$1 namely3 7a7 ,! ^w (fic] %all be con/ru$ to ref] to a commission$ (fic]2 7b7 ,! ^w soldi] %all be con/ru$ z includ+ a noncommission$ (fic]1 a private1 or any o!r enli/$ man2 7c7 ,! ^w company %all be und]/ood z includ+ a troop or batt]y2 & 7d7 ,! ^w battalion %all be und]/ood z includ+ a squadron4 ,,p]sons ,,subject ,,to ,,milit>y ,,law4 ,,art4 #b4 ,! foll[+ p]sons are subject to ^! articles & %all be und]/ood z includ$ 9 ! t]m any p]son subject to milit>y law or p]sons subject to milit>y law :5ev] us$ 9 ^! articles3 ,provid$1 ,t no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is act1 except z specifically provid$ 9 article #b1 subp>agraph 7c71 %all be con/ru$ to apply to any p]son "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates naval jurisdiction1 unless o!rwise specifically provid$ by law3 7a7 ,all (fic]s & soldi]s belong+ to ! ,regul> ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 all volunte]s1 f ! dates ( _! mu/] or acceptance into ! milit>y s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & all o!r p]sons lawfully call$1 draft$1 or ord]$ into or to duty or = tra9+ 9 ! said s]vice1 f ! dates !y are requir$ by ! t]ms ( ! call1 draft1 or ord] to obey ! same4 7b7 ,cadets4 7c7 ,(fic]s & soldi]s ( ! ,m>9e ,corps :5 deta*$ = s]vice ) ! armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ord] ( ! ,presid5t3 ,provid$1 ,t an (fic] soldi] ( ! ,m>9e ,corps :5 s deta*$ may be tri$ by milit>y c\rt-m>tial = an (f5se committ$ aga9/ ! laws = ! gov]nm5t ( ! naval s]vice prior to 8 deta*m5t1 & = an (f5se committ$ aga9/ ^! articles he may be tri$ by a naval c\rt-m>tial aft] su* deta*m5t ceases4 7d7 ,all reta9]s to ! camp & all p]sons accompany+ or s]v+ ) ! armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates )\t ! t]ritorial jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 "t ( w> all su* reta9]s & p]sons accompany+ or s]v+ ) ! armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! field1 bo? )9 & )\t ! t]ritorial jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ?\gh n o!rwise subject to ^! articles4 7e7 ,all p]sons "u s5t5ce adjudg$ by c\rts-m>t9i4 7f7 ,all p]sons admitt$ into ! ,regul> ,army ,soldi]s' ,home at ,wa%+ton4 ,d4 ,c4 ,,enli/m5t ,,)\t ,,dis*>ge4 ,,art4 #bi4 ,any soldi] :o1 )\t hav+ fir/ receiv$ a regul> dis*>ge1 aga9 enli/s 9 ! ,army1 or 9 ! militia :5 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 9 ! ,navy or ,m>9e ,corps ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or 9 any =eign army1 %all be deem$ to h des]t$ ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &1 :]e enli/m5t is 9 "o ( ! =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates m5tion$ above1 to h fraudul5tly enli/$ !re94 ,,fraudul5t ,,enli/m5t4 ,,art4 #ed4 ,any p]son :o %all procure himself to be enli/$ 9 ! milit>y s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by means ( willful misrepres5tation or concealm5t z to 8 qualifications = enli/m5t1 & %all receive pay or all[ances "u su* enli/m5t1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,(fic] ,,mak+ ,,unlawful ,,enli/m5t ,,art4 #ee4 ,any (fic] :o kn[+ly enli/s or mu/]s into ! milit>y s]vice any p]son ^: enli/m5t or mu/] 9 is prohibit$ by law1 regulation1 or ord]s %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,mu/] ,,rolls--,,false ,,mu/]4 ,,art4 #ef4 ,at e mu/] ( a regim5t1 troop1 batt]y1 or company ! comm&+ (fic] !re( %all give to ! mu/]+ (fic] c]tificates1 sign$ by himself1 /at+ h[ long abs5t (fic]s h be5 abs5t & ! reasons ( _! abs5ce4 ,& ! comm&+ (fic] ( e troop1 batt]y1 or company %all give l c]tificates1 /at+ h[ long abs5t noncommission$ (fic]s & private soldi]s h be5 abs5t & ! reasons ( _! abs5ce4 ,su* reasons & "t ( abs5ce %all be ins]t$ 9 ! mu/] rolls opposite ! names ( ! respective abs5t (fic]s & soldi]s1 & ! c]tificates1 toge!r ) ! mu/] rolls1 %all be transmitt$ by ! mu/]+ (fic] to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,w> z spe$ily z ! di/ance ( ! place & mu/] w admit4 ,any (fic] :o kn[+ly makes a false mu/] ( man or animal1 or :o signs or directs or all[s ! sign+ ( any mu/] roll kn[+ ! same to conta9 false mu/] or false /atem5t z to ! abs5ce or pay ( an (fic] or soldi]1 or :o wrongfully takes money or o!r consid]ation on mu/]+ 9 a regim5t1 company1 or o!r organization1 or on sign+ mu/] rolls1 or :o kn[+ly mu/]s z an (fic] or soldi] a p]son :o is n su* (fic] or soldi]1 %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice & suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,false ,,returns--,,omission ,,to ,,r5d] ,,returns4 ,,art4 #eg4 ,e (fic] comm&+ a regim5t1 an indep5d5t troop1 batt]y1 or company1 or a g>rison %all1 9 ! beg9n+ ( e mon?1 transmit1 ?r\gh ! prop] *annels1 to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t an exact return ( ! same1 specify+ ! names ( ! (fic]s !n abs5t f _! po/s1 ) ! reasons = & ! "t ( _! abs5ce4 ,e (fic] ^: duty x is to r5d] to ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t or o!r sup]ior au?ority a return ( ! /ate ( ! troops "u 8 comm&1 or ( ! arms1 ammunition1 clo?+1 funds1 or o!r prop]ty !reunto belong+1 :o kn[+ly makes a false return !re( %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice & suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,& any (fic] :o1 ?r\gh neglect or design1 omits to r5d] su* return %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,des]tion4 ,,art4 #eh4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o des]ts or attempts to des]t ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct1 &1 if ! (f5se be committ$ at any o!r "t1 any puni%m5t1 except+ dea?1 t a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,advis+ ,,or ,,aid+ ,,ano!r ,,to ,,des]t4 ,,art4 #ei4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o advises or p]suades or kn[+ly assi/s ano!r to des]t ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 suff] dea?1 or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct1 & if ! (f5se be committ$ at any o!r "t any puni%m5t1 except+ dea?1 t a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,ent]ta9+ ,a ,,des]t]4 ,,art4 #fj4 ,any (fic] :o1 aft] hav+ discov]$ t a soldi] 9 8 comm& is a des]t] f ! milit>y or naval s]vice or f ! ,m>9e ,corps1 reta9s su* des]t] 9 8 comm& )\t in=m+ sup]ior au?ority or ! comm&] ( ! organization to :i* ! des]t] belongs1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,abs5ce ,,)\t ,,leave4 ,,art4 #fa4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o fails to repair at ! fix$ "t to ! prop]ly appo9t$ place ( duty1 or goes f ! same )\t prop] leave1 or abs5ts himself f 8 comm&1 gu>d1 qu>t]s1 /ation or camp )\t prop] leave1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,disrespect ,,t[>d ,,! ,,presid5t1 ,,vice ,,presid5t1 ,,congress1 ,,secret>y ,,( ,,w>1 ,,gov]nors1 ,,legislatures4 ,,art4 #fb4 ,any (fic] :o uses contemptu\s or disrespectful words aga9/ ! ,presid5t1 ,vice ,presid5t1 ! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,secret>y ( ,w>1 or ! gov]nor or legislature ( any ,/ate1 ,t]ritory1 or o!r possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* he is qu>t]$ %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,any o!r p]son subject to milit>y law :o s (f5ds %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,disrespect ,,t[>d ,,sup]ior ,,(fic]s4 ,,art4 #fc4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o behaves himself ) disrespect t[>d 8 sup]ior (fic] %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,assault+ ,,or ,,willfully ,,disobey+ ,,sup]ior ,,(fic]4 ,,art4 #fd4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o1 on any pret5se :atsoev]1 /rikes 8 sup]ior (fic] or draws or lifts up any weapon or (f]s any viol5ce aga9/ him1 be+ 9 ! execution ( 8 (fice1 or willfully disobeys any lawful comm& ( 8 sup]ior (fic]1 %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,insubord9ate ,,conduct ,,t[>d ,,noncommission$ ,,(fic]4 ,,art4 #fe4 ,any soldi] :o /rikes or assaults1 or :o attempts or ?reat5s to /rike or assault1 or willfully disobeys ! lawful ord] ( a noncommission$ (fic] :ile 9 ! execution ( 8 (fice1 or uses ?reat5+ or insult+ language1 or behaves 9 an insubord9ate or disrespectful mann] t[>d a noncommission$ (fic] :ile 9 ! execution ( 8 (fice1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,mut9y ,,or ,,s$ition4 ,,art4 #ff4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o attempts to create or :o beg9s1 excites1 causes1 or jo9s 9 any mut9y or s$ition 9 any company1 p>ty1 po/1 camp deta*m5t1 gu>d1 or o!r comm& %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,failure ,,to ,,suppress ,,mut9y ,,or ,,s$ition4 ,,art4 #fg4 ,any (fic] or soldi] :o1 be+ pres5t at any mut9y or s$ition1 does n use 8 utmo/ endeavor to suppress ! same1 or kn[+ or hav+ reason to believe t a mut9y or s$ition is to take place1 does n )\t delay give in=mation !re( to 8 comm&+ (fic] %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,qu>rels1 ,,frays1 ,,disord]s4 ,,art4 #fh4 ,all (fic]s & noncommission$ (fic]s h p[] to "p & quell all qu>rels1 frays1 & disord]s among p]sons subject to milit>y law & to ord] (fic]s :o take "p 9 ! same into arre/1 & o!r p]sons subject to milit>y law :o take "p 9 ! same into arre/ or conf9em5t1 z circum/ances may require1 until _! prop] sup]ior (fic] is acqua9t$ !re)4 ,& :osoev]1 be+ s ord]$1 refuses to obey su* (fic] or noncommission$ (fic] or draws a weapon ^u or o!rwise ?reat5s or does viol5ce to him %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,arre/ ,,or ,,conf9em5t ,,( ,,accus$ ,,p]sons4 ,,art4 #fi4 ,an (fic] *>g$ ) crime or ) a s]i\s (f5se "u ^! articles %all be plac$ 9 arre/ by ! comm&+ (fic]1 & 9 exceptional cases an (fic] s *>g$ may be plac$ 9 conf9em5t by ! same au?ority4 ,a soldi] *>g$ ) crime or ) a s]i\s (f5se "u ^! articles %all be plac$ 9 conf9em5t1 & :5 *>g$ ) a m9or (f5se he may be plac$ 9 arre/4 ,any o!r p]son subject to milit>y law *>g$ ) crime or ) a s]i\s (f5se "u ^! articles %all be plac$ 9 conf9em5t or 9 arre/1 z circum/ances may require2 & :5 *>g$ ) a m9or (f5se su* p]son may be plac$ 9 arre/4 ,any p]son plac$ 9 arre/ "u ! provisions ( ?is article %all !reby be re/rict$ to 8 b>racks1 qu>t]s1 or t5t1 unless su* limits %all be enl>g$ by prop] au?ority4 ,any (fic] :o breaks 8 arre/ or :o escapes f conf9em5t be=e he is set at lib]ty by prop] au?ority %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct2 & any o!r p]son subject to milit>y law :o escapes f conf9em5t or :o breaks 8 arre/ be=e he is set at lib]ty by prop] au?ority %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,inve/igation ,,( ,,& ,,action ,,^u ,,*>ges4 ,,art4 #gj4 ,no p]son put 9 arre/ %all be cont9u$ 9 conf9em5t m ?an eight days1 or until su* "t z a c\rt-m>tial c be assembl$4 ,:5 any p]son is put 9 arre/ = ! purpose ( trial1 except at remote milit>y po/s or /ations1 ! (fic] by ^: ord] he is arre/$ %all see t a copy ( ! *>ges on :i* he is to be tri$ is s]v$ ^u him )9 eight days aft] 8 arre/1 & t he is br\ght to trial )9 #aj days !reaft]1 unless ! necessities ( ! s]vice prev5t su* trial2 & !n he %all be br\ght to trial )9 #cj days aft] ! expiration ( said #aj days4 ,if a copy ( ! *>ges be n s]v$1 or ! arre/$ p]son be n br\ght to trial1 z h]e9 requir$1 ! arre/ %all cease4 ,b p]sons releas$ f arre/1 "u ! provisions ( ?is article1 may be tri$1 :5ev] ! exig5cies ( ! s]vice %all p]mit1 )9 #ab mon?s aft] su* release f arre/3 ,provid$1 ,t 9 "t ( peace no p]son %all1 aga9/ 8 objection1 be br\ght to trial be=e a g5]al c\rt-m>tial )9 a p]iod ( five days subsequ5t to ! s]vice ( *>les ^u him4 ,,refusal ,,to ,,receive ,,& ,,keep ,,prison]s4 ,,art4 #ga4 ,no provo/ m>%al or comm&] ( a gu>d %all refute to receive or keep any prison] committ$ to 8 *>ge by an (fic] belong+ to ! =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 provid$ ! (fic] committ+ %all1 at ! "t1 deliv] an acc\nt 9 writ+1 sign$ by himself1 ( ! crime or (f5se *>g$ aga9/ ! prison]4 ,any (fic] or soldi] s refus+ %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,report ,,( ,,prison]s ,,receiv$4 ,,art4 #gb4 ,e comm&] ( a gu>d to ^: *>ge a prison] is committ$ %all1 )9 #bd h\rs aft] su* conf9em5t1 or z soon z he is reliev$ f 8 gu>d1 report 9 writ+ to ! comm&+ (fic] ! "n ( su* prison]1 ! (f5se *>g$ aga9/ him1 & ! "n ( ! (fic] committ+ him2 & if he fails to make su* report he %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,releas+ ,,prison] ,,)\t ,,prop] ,,au?ority4 ,,art4 #gc4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o1 )\t prop] au?ority1 releases any prison] duly committ$ to 8 *>ge1 or :o1 ?r\gh neglect or design1 suff]s any prison] s committ$ to escape1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,deliv]y ,,( ,,(f5d]s ,,to ,,civil ,,au?orities4 ,,art4 #gd4 ,:5 any p]son subject to milit>y law1 except "o :o is held by ! milit>y au?orities to answ]1 or :o is await+ trial or result ( trial1 or :o is und]go+ s5t5ce = a crime or (f5se puni%able "u ^! articles1 is accus$ ( a crime or (f5se committ$ )9 ! geographical limits ( ! ,/ates ( ! ,union & ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 & puni%able by ! laws ( ! l&1 ! comm&+ (fic] is requir$1 except 9 "t ( w>1 ^u application duly made1 to use 8 utmo/ endeavor to deliv] ov] su* accus$ p]son to ! civil au?orities1 or to aid ! (fic]s1 ( ju/ice 9 appreh5d+ & secur+ him1 9 ord] t he may be br\ght to trial4 ,any comm&+ (fic] :o ^u su* application refuses or willfully neglects1 except 9 "t ( w>1 to deliv] ov] su* accus$ p]son to ! civil au?orities or to aid ! (fic]s ( ju/ice 9 appreh5d+ & secur+ him %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,:5 "u ! provisions ( ?is article deliv]y is made to ! civll au?orities ( an (f5d] und]go+ s5t5ce ( a c\rt-m>tial1 su* deliv]y1 if foll[$ by conviction1 %all be held to int]rupt ! execution ( ! s5t5ce ( ! c\rt-m>tial1 & ! (f5d] %all be return$ to milit>y cu/ody1 aft] hav+ answ]$ to ! civil au?orities = 8 (f5se1 = ! completion ( ! said c\rt-m>tial s5t5ce4 ,,misbehavior ,,be=e ,,! ,,enemy4 ,,art4 #ge4 ,any (fic] or soldi] :o misbehaves himself be=e ! enemy1 runs away1 or %amefully ab&ons or deliv]s up any =t1 po/1 camp1 gu>d1 or o!r comm& :i* x is 8 duty to def5d1 or speaks words induc+ o!rs to d ! l1 or ca/s away 8 arms or ammunition1 or quits 8 po/ or colors to plund] or pillage1 or by any means :atsoev] occasions false al>ms 9 camp1 g>rison1 or qu>t]s1 %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,subord9ates ,,compell+ ,,comm&] ,,to ,,surr5d]4 ,,art4 #gf4 ,if any comm&] ( any g>rison1 =t1 po/1 camp1 gu>d1 or o!r comm& is compell$ by ! (fic]s or soldi]s "u 8 comm& to give x up to ! enemy or to ab&on x1 ! (fic]s or soldi]s s (f5d+ %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,improp] ,,use ,,( ,,c\nt]sign4 ,,art4 #gg4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o makes kn[n ! p>ole or c\nt]sign to any p]son n entitl$ to receive x accord+ to ! rules & discipl9e ( w>1 or gives a p>ole or c\nt]sign diff]5t f t :i* he receiv$1 %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,=c+ ,a ,,safegu>d4 ,,art4 #gh4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o1 9 "t ( w>1 =ces a safegu>d %all suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,captur$ ,,prop]ty ,,to ,,be ,,secur$ ,,= ,,public ,,s]vice4 ,,art4 #gi4 ,all public prop]ty tak5 f ! enemy is ! prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & %all be secur$ = ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & any p]son subject to milit>y law :o neglects to secure su* prop]ty or is guilty ( wrongful application !re( %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,deal+ ,,9 ,,captur$ ,,or ,,ab&on$ ,,prop]ty4 ,,art4 #hj4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o buys1 sells1 trades1 or 9 any way deals 9 or disposes ( captur$ or ab&on$ prop]ty1 :]eby he %all receive or expect any pr(it1 b5efit1 or advantage to himself or to any o!r p]son directly or indirectly connect$ ) himself1 or :o falls :5ev] su* prop]ty comes into 8 possession or cu/ody or )9 8 control to give notice !re( to ! prop] au?ority & to turn ov] su* prop]ty to ! prop] au?ority )\t delay1 %all1 on conviction !re(1 be puni%$ by f9e or imprisonm5t1 or by su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial1 milit>y commission1 or o!r milit>y tribunal may adjudge1 or by any or all ( said p5alties4 ,,reliev+1 ,,correspond+ ,,)1 ,,or ,,aid+ ,,! ,,enemy4 ,,art4 #ha4 ,:osoev] relieves ! enemy ) arms1 ammunition1 supplies1 money1 or o!r ?+1 or kn[+ly h>bors or protects or holds correspond5ce ) or gives intellig5ce to ! enemy1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 %all suff] dea?1 or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial or milit>y commission may direct4 ,,spies4 ,,art4 #hb4 ,any p]son :o 9 "t ( w> %all be f\nd lurk+ or act+ z a spy 9 or ab\t any ( ! =tifications1 po/s1 qu>t]s1 or encampm5ts ( any ( ! armies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or else:]e1 %all be tri$ by a g5]al c\rt-m>tial or by a milit>y commission1 & %all1 on conviction !re(1 suff] dea?4 ,,milit>y ,,prop]ty--,,willful ,,or ,,neglig5t ,,loss1 ,,damage1 ,,or ,,wrongful ,,disposition ,,(4 ,,art4 #hc4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o willfully or ?r\gh neglect suff]s to be lo/1 spoil$1 damag$1 or wrongfully dispos$ ( any milit>y prop]ty belong+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all make good ! loss or damage & suff] su* puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,wa/e ,,or ,,unlawful ,,disposition ,,( ,,milit>y ,,prop]ty ,,issu$ ,,to ,,soldi]s4 ,,art4 #hd4 ,any soldi] :o sells or wrongfully disposes ( or willfully or ?r\gh neglect injures or loses any horse1 arms1 ammunition1 acc\t]m5ts1 equipm5ts1 clo?+1 or o!r prop]ty issu$ = use 9 ! milit>y s]vice %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,drunk ,,on ,,duty4 ,,art4 #he4 ,any (fic] :o is f\nd drunk on duty %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 be dismiss$ f ! s]vice & suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct2 & if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( peace he %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law1 except un (fic]1 :o is f\nd drunk on duty %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,misbehavior ,,( ,,s5t9el4 ,,art4 #hf4 ,any s5t9el :o is f\nd drunk or sleep+ ^u 8 po/1 or :o leaves x be=e he is regul>ly reliev$1 %all1 if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( w>1 suff] dea? or su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct2 & if ! (f5se be committ$ 9 "t ( p5ce he %all suff] any puni%m5t1 except dea?1 t a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,p]sonal ,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,sale ,,( ,,provisions4 ,,art4 #hg4 ,any (fic] comm&+ 9 any g>rison1 =t1 b>racks1 camp1 or o!r place :]e troops ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates may be s]v+ :o1 = 8 private advantage1 lays any duty or imposition ^u or is int]e/$ 9 ! sale ( any victuals or o!r necess>ies ( life br\ght into su* g>rison1 =t1 b>racks1 camp1 or o!r place = ! use ( ! troops1 %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice & suff] su* o!r ,puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,intimidation ,,( ,,p]sons ,,br++ ,,provisions4 ,,art4 #hh4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o abuses1 intimidates1 does viol5ce to1 or wrongfully int]f]es ) any p]son br++ provisions1 supplies1 or o!r necess>ies to ! camp1 g>rison1 or qu>t]s ( ! =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all suff] su* puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,good ,,ord] ,,to ,,be ,,ma9ta9$ ,,& ,,wrongs ,,r$ress$4 ,,art4 #hi4 ,all p]sons subject to milit>y law are to behave !mselves ord]ly 9 qu>t]s1 g>rison1 camp1 & on ! m>*2 & any p]son subject to milit>y law :o commits any wa/e or spoil1 or willfully de/roys any prop]ty :atsoev] 7unless by ord] ( 8 comm&+ (fic]71 or commits any k9d ( depr$ation or riot1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,any comm&+ (fic] :o1 ^u compla9t made to him1 refuses or omits to see rep>ation made to ! p>ty injur$1 9 s f> z ! (f5d]'s pay %all g t[>d su* rep>ation1 z provid$ = 9 article #aje1 %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or o!rwise puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,provok+ ,,spee*es ,,or ,,ge/ures ,,art4 #ij4 ,no p]son subject to milit>y law %all use any reproa*ful or provok+ spee*es or ge/ures to ano!r2 & any p]son subject to milit>y law :o (f5ds aga9/ ! provisions ( ?is article %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,duel+4 ,,art4 #ia4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o fights or promotes or is conc]n$ 9 or connives at fight+ a duel1 or :o hav+ k ( a *all5ge s5t or ab\t to be s5t fails to report ! fact promptly to ! prop] au?ority1 %all1 if an (fic]1 be dismiss$ f ! s]vice or suff] su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct2 & if any o!r p]son subject to milit>y law %all suff] su* puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,murd]-,,rape4 ,,art4 #ib4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o commits murd] or rape %all suff] dea? or imprisonm5t = life1 z a c\rt-m>tial may direct2 b no p]son %all be tri$ by c\rt-m>tial = murd] or rape committ$ )9 ! geographical limits ( ! ,/ates ( ! ,union & ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia 9 "t ( peace4 ,,v>i\s ,,crimes4 ,,art4 #ic4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o commits manslaught]1 mayhem1 arson1 burgl>y1 robb]y1 l>c5y1 embezzlem5t1 p]jury1 assault ) int5t to commit any felony1 or assault ) int5t to d bodily h>m1 %all be puni%$ z a c\rt-m>tial may direct4 ,,frauds ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,gov]nm5t4 ,,art4 #id4 ,any p]son subject to milit>y law :o makes or causes to be made any claim aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any (fic] !re(1 kn[+ su* claim to be false or fraudul5t2 or ,:o pres5ts or causes to be pres5t$ to any p]son 9 ! civil or milit>y s]vice !re(1 = approval or paym5t1 any claim aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any (fic] !re(1 kn[+ su* claim to be false or fraudul5t2 or ,:o ent]s into any agreem5t or conspiracy to defraud ! ,unit$ ,/ates by obta9+1 or aid+ o!rs to obta91 ! all[ance or paym5t ( any false or fraudul5t claim2 or ,:o1 = ! purpose ( obta9+1 or aid+ o!rs to obta91 ! approval1 all[ance1 or paym5t ( any claim aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or aga9/ any (fic] !re(1 makes or uses1 or procures1 or advises ! mak+ or use (1 any writ+ or o!r pap]1 kn[+ ! same to conta9 any false or fraudul5t /atem5ts2 or ,:o1 = ! purpose ( obta9+1 or aid+ o!rs to obta91 ! approval1 all[ance1 or paym5t ( any claim aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any (fic] !re(1 makes1 or procures1 or advises ! mak+ (1 any oa? to any fact or to any writ+ or o!r pap]1 kn[+ su* oa? to be false2 or ,:o1 = ! purpose ( obta9+1 or aid+ o!rs to obta91 ! approval1 all[ance1 or paym5t ( any claim aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any (fic] !re(1 =ges or c\nt]feits1 or procures1 or advises ! =g+ or c\nt]feit+ ( any signature ^u any writ+ or o!r pap]1 or uses1 or procures1 or advises ! use ( any su* signature1 kn[+ ! same to be =g$ or c\nt]feit$2 or ,:o1 hav+ *>ge1 possession1 cu/ody1 or control ( any money or o!r prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 furni%$ or int5d$ = ! milit>y s]vice !re(1 kn[+ly deliv]s1 or causes to be deliv]$1 to any p]son hav+ au?ority to receive ! same1 any am\nt !re( less ?an t = :i* he receives a c]tificate or receipt2 or ,:o1 be+ au?oriz$ to make or deliv] any pap] c]tify+ ! receipt ( any prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates furni%$ or int5d$ = ! milit>y s]vice !re(1 makes or deliv]s to any p]son su* writ+1 )\t hav+ full k ( ! tru? ( ! /atem5ts !re9 conta9$ & ) int5t to defraud ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or ,:o /eals1 embezzles1 kn[+ly & willfully misappropriates1 applies to 8 own use or b5efit1 or wrongfully or kn[+ly sells or disposes ( any ordnance1 arms1 equipm5ts1 ammunition1 clo?+1 subsi/5ce /ores1 money1 or o!r prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates furni%$ or int5d$ = ! milit>y s]vice !re(2 or ,:o kn[+ly pur*ases or receives 9 pl$ge = any obligation or indebt$ness f any soldi]1 (fic]1 or o!r p]son :o is a "p ( or employ$ 9 said =ces or s]vice1 any ordnance1 arms1 equipm5t1 ammunition1 clo?+1 subsi/5ce /ores1 or o!r prop]ty ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 su* soldi]1 (fic]1 or o!r p]son n hav+ lawful "r to sell or pl$ge ! same2 ,%all1 on conviction !re(1 be puni%$ by f9e or imprisonm5t1 or by su* o!r puni%m5t z a c\rt-m>tial may adjudge1 or by any or all ( said p5alties4 ,& if any p]son1 be+ guilty ( any ( ! (f5ses a=esaid :ile 9 ! milit>y s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 receives 8 dis*>ge or is dismiss$ f ! s]vice1 he %all cont9ue to be liable to be arre/$ & held = trial & s5t5ce by a c\rt-m>tial 9 ! same mann] & to ! same ext5t z if he _h n receiv$ su* dis*>ge nor be5 dismiss$4 ,,conduct ,,unbecom+ ,,an ,,(fic] ,,& ,,g5tleman4 ,,art4 #ie4 ,any (fic] or cadet :o is convict$ ( conduct unbecom+ an (fic] & a g5tleman %all be dismiss$ f ! s]vice4 ,,g5]al ,,article4 ,,art4 #if4 ,?\gh n m5tion$ 9 ^! articles1 all disord]s & neglects to ! prejudice ( good ord] & milit>y discipl9e1 all conduct ( a nature to br+ discr$it ^u ! milit>y s]vice1 & all crimes or (f5ses n capital ( :i* p]sons subject to milit>y law may be guilty %all be tak5 cognizance ( by a g5]al or special or summ>y c\rt-m>tial1 accord+ to ! nature & degree ( ! (f5se1 & puni%$ at ! discretion ( su* c\rt4 ,,discipl9>y ,,p[]s ,,( ,,comm&+ ,,(fic]s4 ,,art4 #ajd4 ,"u su* regulations z ! ,presid5t may prescribe1 & :i* he may f "t to "t revoke1 alt]1 or add to1 ! comm&+ (fic] ( any deta*m5t1 company1 or high] comm& may1 = m9or (f5ces n d5i$ by ! accus$1 impose discipl9>y puni%m5ts ^u p]sons ( 8 comm& )\t ! int]v5tion ( a c\rt-m>tial1 unless ! accus$ dem&s trial by c\rt-m>tial4 ,! discipl9>y puni%m5ts au?oriz$ by ?is article may include admonition1 reprim&1 )hold+ ( privileges1 extra fatigue1 & re/riction to c]ta9 specifi$ limits1 b %all n include =feiture ( pay or conf9em5t "u gu>d4 ,a p]son puni%$ "u au?ority fit ?is article :o deems 8 puni%m5t unju/ or disproportionate to ! (f5se may1 ?r\gh ! prop] *annel1 appeal to ! next sup]ior au?ority1 b may 9 ! meantime be requir$ to und]go ! puni%m5t adjudg$4 ,! comm&+ (fic] :o imposes ! puni%m5t1 8 successor 9 comm&1 & sup]ior au?ority %all h p[] to mitigate or remit any unexecut$ portion ( ! puni%m5t4 ,! imposition & en=cem5t ( discipl9>y puni%m5t "u au?ority ( ?is article = any act or omission %all n be a b> to trial by c\rt-m>tial = a crime or (f5se gr[+ out ( ! same act or omission2 b ! fact t a discipl9>y puni%m5t has be5 en=c$ may be %[n by ! accus$ ^u trial1 & :5 s %[n %all be consid]$ 9 det]m9+ ! measure ( puni%m5t to be adjudg$ 9 ! ev5t ( a f9d+ ( guilty4 ,,r$ress ,,( ,,injuries ,,to ,,p]son ,,or ,,prop]ty4 ,,art4 #aje4 ,:5ev] compla9t is made to any comm&+ (fic] t damage has be5 done to ! prop]ty ( any p]son or t 8 prop]ty has be5 wrongfully tak5 by p]sons subject to milit>y law1 su* compla9t %all be inve/igat$ by a bo>d consi/+ ( any numb] ( (fic]s f "o to ?ree1 :i* bo>d %all be conv5$ by ! comm&+ (fic] & %all h1 = ! purpose ( su* inve/igation1 p[] to summon witnesses & exam9e !m ^u oa? or affirmation1 to receive depositions or o!r docum5t>y evid5ce1 & to assess ! damages su/a9$ aga9/ ! responsible p>ties4 ,! assessm5t ( damages made by su* bo>d %all be subject to ! approval ( ! comm&+ (fic]1 & 9 ! am\nt approv$ by him %all be /opp$ aga9/ ! pay ( ! (f5d]s4 ,& ! ord] ( su* comm&+ (fic] direct+ /oppages h]e9 au?oriz$ %all be conclusive on any disburs+ (fic] = ! paym5t by him to ! injur$ p>ties ( ! /oppages s ord]$4 ,:]e ! (f5d]s c n be asc]ta9$ b ! organization or deta*m5t to :i* !y belong is kn[n1 /oppages to ! am\nt ( damages inflict$ may be made & assess$ 9 su* proportion z may be deem$ j ^u ! individual memb]s !re( :o are %[n to h be5 pres5t ) su* organization or deta*m5t at ! "t ! damages compla9$ ( 7 inflict$1 z det]m9$ by ! approv$ f9d+s ( ! bo>d4 ,,arre/ ,,( ,,des]t]s ,,by ,,civil ,,(ficials4 ,,art4 #ajf4 ,x %all be lawful = any civil (fic] hav+ au?ority "u ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( any ,/ate1 ,t]ritory1 ,di/rict1 or possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to arre/ (f5d]s1 summ>ily to arre/ a des]t] f ! milit>y s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & deliv] him into ! cu/ody ( ! milit>y au?orities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,soldi]s ,,to ,,make ,,good ,,"t ,,lo/4 ,,art4 #ajg4 ,e soldi] :o 9 an exi/+ or subsequ5t enli/m5t des]ts ! s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or )\t prop] au?ority abs5ts himself f 8 organization1 /ation1 or duty = m ?an "o day1 or :o is conf9$ = m ?an "o day "u s5t5ce1 or :ile await+ trial & disposition ( 8 case1 if ! trial results 9 conviction1 or ?r\gh ! intemp]ate use ( drugs or alcoholic liquor1 or ?r\gh disease or injury ! result at 8 own misconduct1 r5d]s himself unable = m ?an "o day to p]=m duty1 %all be liable to s]ve1 aft] 8 return to a full-duty /atus1 = su* p]iod z %all1 ) ! "t he may h s]v$ prior to su* des]tion1 unau?oriz$ abs5ce1 conf9em5t1 or inability to p]=m duty1 am\nt to ! full t]m ( t "p ( 8 enli/m5t p]iod :i* he is requir$ to s]ve ) 8 organization be=e be+ furl\gh$ to ! ,army ,res]ve4 ,,soldi]s--,,sep>ation ,,f ,,! ,,s]vice4 ,,art4 #ajh4 ,no enli/$ man1 lawfully induct$ into ! milit>y s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all be dis*>g$ f said s]vice )\t a c]tificate ( dis*>ge1 sign$ by a field (fic] ( ! regim5t or o!r organization to :i* ! enli/$ man belongs or by ! comm&+ (fic] :5 no su* field (fic] is pres5t2 & no enli/$ man %all be dis*>g$ f said s]vice be=e 8 t]m ( s]vice has expir$1 except by ord] ( ! ,presid5t1 ! ,secret>y ( ,w>1 ! comm&+ (fic] ( a dep>tm5t1 or by s5t5ce ( a g5]al ,c\rt-m>tial4 ,,oa? ,,( ,,enli/m5t4 ,,art4 #aji4 ,at ! "t ( 8 enli/m5t e soldi] %all take ! foll[+ oa? or affirmation3 ,i1 ----1 d solemnly swe> 7or affirm7 t ,i w be> true fai? & allegiance to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica2 t ,i w s]ve !m hone/ly & fai?fully aga9/ all _! enemies :omsoev]2 & t ,i w obey ! ord]s ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ord]s ( ! (fic]s appo9t$ ov] me1 accord+ to ! ,rules & ,articles ( ,w>1 ,?is oa? or affirmation may be tak5 be=e any (fic]4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,engli%-,,fr5* ,,vocabul>y4 ,,common ,,words4 ,aft]noon 7?is7 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,cet apres-midi4 ,army 7an7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une armee4 ,b&age 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un b&age4 ,ba? 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un ba94 ,bayonet 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une baionnette4 ,b$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un lit4 ,blanket 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une c\v]ture ,boy 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un g>con4 ,bullet 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une balle4 un pruneau 7soldi] slang74 ,camp 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un camp4 ,un campem5t4 ,c>tridge 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une c>t\*e4 ,*ild 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un enfant4 ,une enfant4 ,cook 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un cuis9i]4 ,un cui/ot 7slang74 ,une ,cuis9i]e 7fem474 ,dance 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un bal4 ,une danse 7"o dance74 ,d>k 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,obscur4 ,day 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un j\r4 ,dead 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,mort4 ,des]t] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un des]teur4 ,door 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une porte4 ,f>m 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une f]me4 ,fire>ms 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des armes a feu4 ,field gun 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une piece de campagne4 ,flag 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un drapeau4 ,un et5d>d 7/&>d74 ,=e/ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une =et4 ,un bois 7woods74 ,un boqueteau 7clump ( trees74 ,fri5d 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un ami4 ,une amie4 ,girl 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une jeune fille4 ,guide 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un guide4 ,gun 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un fusil4 ,halt6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,halte6 ,h& 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une ma94 ,hat 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un *apeau4 ,un kepi 7cap74 ,un casque 7helmet74 ,un feutre 7campaign hat74 ,head 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la tete4 ,headqu>t]s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le qu>ti]-g5]al4 ,horse 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un *eval4 ,int]pret] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un int]prete4 ,knife 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un c\teau4 ,lake 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un lac4 ,man 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un homme4 ,meat 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,de la vi&e4 ,"n 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un nom4 ,night 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la nuit4 ,noon 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,midi4 ,ma*9e gun 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une mitrailleuse4 ,mess call 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la s\pe4 ,password 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le mot de passe4 ,pay 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le pret 7enli/$ m574 ,la solde 7(fic]s74 ,prison] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un prisonni]4 ,recruit 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une recrue4 ,un bleu 7slang74 ,un bleuet 7slang74 ,un blanc-bec 7slang74 ,re/aurant 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un re/aurant4 ,un cafe4 ,road 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un *em94 ,une r\te4 ,retreat 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la retraite4 ,reveille 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le reveil4 ,la diane4 ,sab] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un sabre4 ,saddle 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une selle4 ,%oe 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des *aussures 7%oes 9 g5]al74 ,des s\li]s 7l[ %oes74 ,des bott9es 7high %oes74 ,des brodequ9s 7m>*+ %oes74 ,%otgun 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un fusil de cirasse ,sick 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,malade4 ,s\p 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une s\p4 ,un potage4 ,spy 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un espion4 ,supp] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le s\r]4 ,sword 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une epee4 ,t5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une t5te4 ,%elt] t5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une t5te-abri4 ,,num]als4 ,"o 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un1 une4 ,two 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,deux4 ,?ree 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,trois4 ,f\r 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,quatre4 ,five 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,c9q7pron\nce sank74 ,six 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,six 7pron\nce cease74 ,sev5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,sept 7pron\nce set74 ,eight 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,huit 7pron\nce weet74 ,n9e 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,neuf4 ,t5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,dix 7pron\nce deess7 ,elev5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,onze4 ,twelve 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,d\ze4 ,?irte5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,treize4 ,f\rte5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,quatorze4 ,fifte5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,qu9ze4 ,sixte5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,seize4 ,sev5te5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,dix-sept4 ,eighte5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,dix-huit4 ,n9ete5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,dix-neuf4 ,tw5ty 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,v+t 7pron\nce vant47 ,tw5ty-"o 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,v+t-et-un4 ,?irty 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,tr5te4 ,?irty-"o 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,tr5te-et-un4 ,?irty-two 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,tr5te-deux4 ,=ty 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,qu>ante4 ,fifty 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,c9quante4 ,sixty 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,soixante4 ,sev5ty 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,soixante-dix4 ,sev5ty-"o 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,soixante-et-onze4 ,sev5ty-two 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,soixante-d\ze4 ,eighty 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,quatre-v+t4 ,eighty-"o 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,quatre-v+t-un4 ,n9ety 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,quatre-v+t-dix4 ,n9ety-"o 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,quatre-v+t-onze4 ,"o hundr$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,c5t4 ,"o hundr$ & "o 4 4 4 4 4 ,c5t un4 ,two hundr$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,deux c5ts4 ,two hundr$ & "o 4 4 4 4 4 ,deux c5t un4 ,"o ?\s& 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,mille4 ,two ?\s& 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,deux mille4 ,"o ?\s& "o hundr$ 4 4 ,mille c5t2 onze c5ts4 ,?\s&s ( soldi]s 4 4 4 4 ,des milli]s de soldats4 ,a million 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un million4 ,two million m5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,deux millions d'hommes4 ,a score 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une v+ta9e4 ,ab\t =ty m5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une qu>anta9e d'hommes4 ,hundr$s ( m5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des c5ta9es d'hommes4 ,,curr5cy1 ,,measures1 ,,& ,,weights4 #a c5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un s\2 c9q c5times4 #aj c5ts 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,dix s\s2 c9quante c5times4 #bj c5ts 7ab\t7 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un francs4 #a doll> 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,c9q francs4 7,! ,fr5* h gold pieces ( #aj francs & #bj francs2 bank notes ( #ej francs1 #ajj francs1 & high]4 ,! gold pieces are probably replac$ by bank notes n[47 #a met] 7#a4jicf y>ds7 4 4 4 ,un metre4 #a kilomet] 7#j4fbach mile7 4 ,un kilometre4 ,,note3--,= all ord9>y purposes1 ! kilometre #e_/h ( a mile2 ! c5timetre--#d_/aj ( an in*4 #a league 7#b4dheeb miles7 4 4 ,une lieue4 #a hect>e 7#b4dgaa acres7 4 4 ,un hect>e4 #a gram 7#ae4dcbci gra9s troy7 ,un gramme4 #a kilogram 7#b4bjdfba p\nds avoirdupois7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un kilogramme4 #bbj4df p\nds avoirdupois 4 4 ,un qu9tal2 #ajj kilos4 #b1bjd4f p\nds avoirdupois 4 ,une tonne2 #a1jjj kilos4 7,coal is sold by ! tonne2 gra9 & hay by ! qu9tal4 ,dix qu9taux de ble1 de fo9 #aj qu9tals ( gra91 ( hay47 #a1jefg qu>t 7liquid7 4 4 4 4 ,un litre4 #bf4dag gallons 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un hectolitre4 #j4ijha qu>t 7dry7 4 4 4 4 4 ,un litre4 #b4hcgi bu%els 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un hectolitre4 7,! litre1 :i* is ! pr9cipal unit ( bo? fluid & dry measures1 is ! cont5ts ( #a cubic decimetre 7decimetre #a_/aj metre747 ,,days1 ,,mon?s1 ,,& ,,seasons4 ,sunday 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,diman*e4 ,monday 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,lundi4 ,tuesday 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,m>di4 ,w$nesday 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,m]cr$i4 ,?ursday 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,jeudi4 ,friday 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,v5dr$i4 ,saturday 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,sam$i4 ,janu>y 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,janvi]4 ,febru>y 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,fevri]4 ,m>* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,m>s4 ,april 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,avril4 ,may 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,mai4 ,june 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ju94 ,july 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,juillet4 ,augu/ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,a\t 7pron\nce oo74 ,septemb] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,septembre4 ,octob] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,octobre4 ,novemb] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,novembre4 ,decemb] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,decembre4 ,! seasons 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,les saisons4 ,w9t] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'hiv]4 ,spr+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le pr9temps4 ,summ] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'ete4 ,fall 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'automne4 ,ye> 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un an2 une annee4 ,mon? 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un mois4 ,week 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un sema9e4 ,day 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un j\r4 ,h\r 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un heure4 ,m9ute 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un m9ute4 ,second 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une seconde4 ,,common ,,phrases4 ,good morn+1 sir1 madam1 ,bonj\r1 monsieur1 madame1 miss4 ,good aft]noon _/ mademoiselle4 ,good ev5+1 sir 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,bonsoir1 monsieur4 ,good night1 sir 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,bonne nuit1 monsieur4 ,p>don me 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,p>don2 je v\s dem&e p>don4 ,don't m5tion x 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,je v\s en prie4 ,h[ d y d8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,comm5t allez-v\s8 ,comm5t ca va8 ,comm5t v\s portez-v\e8 ,v well1 ?ank y 4 4 4 4 ,tres bi51 m]ci4 ,je vais bi51 m]ci4 ,ca va bi51 m]ci4 ,je me porte bi51 m]ci4 ,d n tr\ble y\rself 4 4 4 ,ne v\s g5ez pas4 ,ne v\s d]angez pas4 ,i am v glad to see y 4 4 ,je suis bi5 aise de v\s voir4 ,je suis cont5t 7heureux7 de v\s voir4 ,:at "t is x8 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,quelle heure e/-x8 ,x is #aj o'clock 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,il e/ dix heures4 ,take c>e2 look out 4 4 4 4 4 ,pr5ez g>de ,d n bo!r me 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ne me d]angez pas4 ,/op "h 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,arretez-v\s ici4 ,does ,mr4 -- live "h8 4 4 4 ,m4 -- demeure-t-il ici8 ,come 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,entrez4 ,y are v k9d 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,v\e etes tres aimable4 ,at :at "t does ! fir/ 4 ,a quelle heure "p le premi] tra9 />t8 tra98 ,:at is ! "n ( ?is 4 4 ,comm5t s'appelle cette /ation /ation8 7g>e78 ,i want 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,je desire2 ,je veux 7/rong]74 ,i d n want x 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,je n'en veux pas4 ,let me "k :at ,i owe y 4 ,dites-moi ce que je v\s dois4 ,are y n mi/ak58 4 4 4 4 ,ne faites-v\s pas erreur8 ,ne v\s trompez-v\s pas8 ,please give me 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,veuillez me donn]4 ,move on 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,avancez4 ,circulez4 7,policeman47 ,i want some?+ to eat 4 4 4 ,je desire quelque *ose a mang]4 ,:]e is x8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ou e/-ce8 ,g & look = x 4 4 4 4 4 ,allez le *]*]4 ,take ?is lett] to ! 4 4 4 ,portez cette lettre a la po/e4 po/ (fice ,h[ mu* is x8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,combi58 ,combi5 cela c\te-t-il8 ,x is de> 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,c'e/ *]4 ,?ank y 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,m]ci4 ,je v\s en rem]cie4 ,don't m5tion x 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,il n'y a pas de quoi4 ,de ri54 ,all[ me to pres5t my 4 4 4 ,p]mettez-moi de v\s pres5t] fri5d ---- mon ami ----4 ,i am glad to make y\r 4 4 4 ,je suis en*ante de faire votre acqua9tance4 connaissance4 ,h[ f> is x8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,a quelle di/ance e/-ce8 ,:at c ,i d = y8 4 4 4 ,que puis-je faire p\r v\s8 ,d y speak ,engli%8 4 4 4 4 ,p>lez-v\s anglais8 ,i d n speak ,fr5* v 4 ,je ne p>le pas tres bi5 le well4 francais4 ,:]e d y come f8 4 4 4 ,d'ou v5ez-v\s8 ,h[ did y come8 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,comm5t etes-v\s v5u8 ,on foot1 9 a c>riage1 9 4 ,a pi$1 eu voiture1 en auto1 en an auto1 by rail1 by boat1 *em9 de f]1 en bateau1 a on a bicycle1 on horseback1 bicyclette1 a *eval1 en 9 an a]oplane4 a]oplane4 ,,milit>y ,,titles1 ,,ranks1 ,,& ,,grades4 ,g5]al (fic]s 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,les (fic]s g5]aux4 ,g5]al ,/aff 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'etat-major g5]al4 ,field (fic]s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,les (fic]s sup]ieurs4 ,company (fic]s 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,les (fic]s subalt]nes4 ,enli/$ m5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,les hommes de tr\pe4 ,noncommission$ (fic]s 4 4 ,les s\s-(fici]s4 ,private soldi]s 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,les simples soldats4 ,colonel 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le colonel 7address$#ad z ,mon colonel 74 ,major 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le comm&ant 7,mon comm&ant74 ,capta9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le capita9e 7,mon capita9e74 ,le pi/on 7slang74 ,fir/ lieut5ant 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le lieut5ant 7en premi]7 7,mon lieut5ant74 ,second ,lieut5ant 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le s\s-lieut5ant 7,mon lieut5ant74 ,a doctor 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un 7m$ec97 major4 ,a s]geant 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un s]g5t 7address$ z ,s]g5t74 ,un m>e*al des logis 7m\nt$ s]vice74 ,a corporal 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un caporal 7,caporal74 ,un brigadi] 7m\nt$ s]vice74 ,a private 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un simple soldat4 ,a body ( troops 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une tr\pe4 ,fr5* troops 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des tr\pes francaises4 ,a wagon] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un conducteur4 ,un f\rgonni]4 ,a horse%o] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un m>e*al-f]rant4 ,a saddl] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un selli]4 ,a signal] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un signaleur4 ,a des]t] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un des]teur4 ,a soldi] ( ,infantry 4 4 4 4 ,un fantass94 ,cavalry 4 4 4 4 ,un cavali]4 ,artill]y 4 4 4 ,un artilleur4 ,eng9e]s 4 4 4 ,un sapeur-m9eur4 ,qu>t]ma/] ,corps 4 ,un homme de l'int5dance4 ,signal ,corps 4 4 ,un homme du corps des signaux4 ,hospital ,corps 4 ,un infirmi]4 ,l9e ( ,communications 4 ,un g>de des voies et communications1 ,g4 ,v4 ,c4 ,infantry 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'infant]ie4 ,cavalry 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la caval>ie4 ,artill]y 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'artill]ie4 ,eng9e]s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le g5ie4 ,signal ,corps 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le corps des signaux4 ,hospital ,corps 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le corps de sante4 ,le s]vice de sante4 ,aviation ,corps 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le corps d'aviation4 ,footnote #ad3 ,see note at ! end ( ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,milit>y ,,t]ms4 ,! headqu>t]s 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le qu>ti] g5]al4 ,! tra9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le tra9 des equipages4 ,railway s]vice 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le s]vice des *em9s de f]4 ,telegraph s]vice 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le s]vice des telegraphes4 ,rural gu>ds 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la g5d>m]ie4 ,des g5d>mes4 ,a payma/] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un tresori]4 ,a *apla9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un aumoni]4 ,an army 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une armee4 ,g5]al ,s-&-s's army 4 4 ,l'armee--7l'armee ,fo*74 ,an army corps 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un corps d'armee4 ,a division 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une division4 ,a brigade 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une brigade4 ,a regim5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un regim5t4 ,a battalion 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un bataillon4 ,a company 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une compagnie4 ,a platoon 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un peloton4 ,a section 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une section4 ,a squad 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une esc\ade4 ,a deta*m5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un deta*em5t4 ,b>racks 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une cas]ne4 ,a camp 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un camp 7m or less p]man5t74 ,un campem5t 7tempor>y74 ,a cantonm5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un cantonnem5t4 ,l9e 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 7,une7 ligne4 ,column 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 7,une7 colonne4 ,z skirmi%]s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,en tirailleurs4 ,foll[ me1 z skirmi%]s 4 4 ,a moi1 en tirailleurs4 ,sc\ts 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des eclaireurs4 ,a patrol 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une patr\ille4 ,! advance gu>d 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'avant-g>de4 ,! re> gu>d 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'arri]e-g>de4 ,flank]s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des flanc-g>des4 ,! ma9 body 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le gros 7de la colonne74 ,combat tra9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le tra9 de combat4 ,field tra9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le tra9 regim5taire4 ,outpo/s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des avant-po/es4 ,cossack po/s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des avant-po/es a la cosaque4 ,a s5t9el 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une s5t9elle4 ,un factionnaire4 ,on po/ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,en faction4 ,de faction4 ,gu>d m\nt+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la g>de montante 7also new gu>d74 ,! s5t9el *all5ges3 ,la s5t9elle crie3 ,halte6 ,halt6 ,:o's !re8 _/ ,qui vive8 ,! answ] is ,france 4 4 4 ,la reponse e/3 ,france4 ,advance ) ! c\nt]sign ,avance au ralliem5t4 7,! p]son *all5g$ gives ! motd'ordre1 :i* is ! "n ( "s g5]al1 & ! s5t9el replies ) ! motde ralliem5t4 :i* is ! "n ( a battle or a city74 ,g away2 y c't pass 4 4 4 7,passe7 au l>ge4 ,halt1 or ,i fire 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,halte1 ou je fais feu4 ,put d[n y\r arms 4 4 4 4 4 ,deposez vos armes4 ,h&s up6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,levez les bras4 ,face ab\t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 7,faites7 demi-t\r4 ,come "h 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,v5ez ici4 ,a spy 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un espion4 ,a flag ( truce 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un drapeau blanc4 ,un drapeau p>lem5taire4 ,,uni=m1 ,,arms1 ,,clo?+1 ,,& ,,equipm5t4 ,clo?+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,les vetem5ts1 l'habillem5t4 ,*ange y\r clo!s 4 4 4 4 4 ,*angez de vetem5t4 ,ov]coat 7worn by ,fr5* infantry7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une capote4 ,tr\s] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un pantalon4 ,bree*es 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une culotte4 ,%irt 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une *emise4 ,bl\se 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un dolman1 une v>euse4 ,cap 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un kepi4 ,campaign hat 7,unit$ ,/ates7 ,un 7*apeau de7 feutre4 ,helmet 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un casque 7de tran*ee74 ,cap )\t visor worn by ,fr5* (f duty 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un bonnet de police4 ,tam-o'-,%ant] worn by ,alp9e *asseurs 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un b]et4 ,%oes 9 g5]al 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des *aussures4 ,s]vice %oes 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des brodequ9s4 ,legg9s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des guetres4 ,wrap putties 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des b&es molleti]es4 ,lea!r putties 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des h\seaux 7or h\sseaux74 ,full-dress uni=m 4 4 4 4 4 ,la gr&e t5ue4 ,dress uni=m 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la petite t5ue4 ,field uni=m 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la t5ue de campagne4 ,ov]coat 7m\nt$ m57 4 4 4 ,un manteau4 ,ov]coat 7(fic]s7 4 4 4 4 4 ,un manteau4 ,un manteau-capote4 ,fatigue coat 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le b\rg]on4 ,fatigue tr\s]s 7ov]alls7 4 ,un pantalon de treillis4 ,fatigue uni=m 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la t5ue de corvee4 ,magaz9e rifle 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un fusil a repetition4 ,! b>rel 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le canon4 ,! bolt 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le v]r\4 ,! ramrod 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la baguette4 ,! butt 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la crosse4 ,! gun sl+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la bretelle4 ,! trigg] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la det5te4 ,re> sight 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la hausse4 ,front sight 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le guidon4 ,a bayonet 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une baionnette4 ,rosalie 7slang74 ,ball c>tridge 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une c>t\*e a balle4 ,blank c>tridge 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une c>t\*e a blanc4 ,dummy c>tridge 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une fausse c>t\*e4 ,belt 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un ce9turon4 ,c>tridge box 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une c>t\*i]e4 ,fir/-aid packet 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un paquet de pansem5t4 ,! pack 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le sac4 ,a hav]sack 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un etui-musette4 ,cante5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un bidon4 ,t9 cup 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un qu>t4 ,mess c 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une gamelle4 ,equipm5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'equipem5t4 ,compass 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une b\ssole4 ,field glasses 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des jumelles 7de campagne74 ,:i/le 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un sifflet4 ,revolv] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un revolv]4 ,,que/ions ,,ab\t ,,! ,,roads1 ,,etc4 ,p>don me1 sir1 d y speak _/ ,p>don1 monsieur1 p>lez-v\s ,engli%8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 anglais8 7,g]man1 ,fr5*1 ,italian 7,allem&1 francais1 itali51 ,russian74 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 russe74 ,all "r1 !n %[ me1 _/ ,tres bi51 alors indiquez-moi2 please1 ! road to -- 4 4 je v\s prie1 le *em9 de -- ,is x f> f "h8 4 4 4 4 ,e/-ce lo9 d'ici8 ,h[ long does x take to g ,combi5 faut-il de temps p\r y !re8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 all]8 ,h[ _m kilometres 4 4 4 4 4 ,combi5 de kilometres8 ,is !re a %ort cut8 7road7 ,y a-t-il un *em9 de trav]se8 ,is !re a %ort cut8 7trail7 ,y a-t-il un s5ti] plus c\rt8 ,:]e does ?is road g8 4 4 ,ou m5e cette r\te8 ,are we on ! "r road to _/ ,sommes-n\s sur le bon *em9 g to ----8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 p\r all] a ----8 ,does ?is road g ?r\gh _/ ,cette r\te passe-t-elle p> ,compiegne8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,compiegne8 ,%all we f9d any villages on _/ ,tr\v]ons-n\s des villages our road8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 sur notre *em98 ,are !re any o!r roads _/ ,y a-t-il d'autres *em9s p\r go+ to ----8 4 4 4 4 4 4 all] a ----8 ,is ?is road 9 good condition8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,cette r\te e/-elle en bon etat8 ,are !re hills8 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,y a-t-il des cotes 7des coteaux78 ,are !y /eep8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,sont-elles raides8 ,does ! road g ?r\gh ,la r\te trav]se-t-elle un pays op5 or wood$ c\ntry8 4 4 dec\v]t ou boise8 ,c we get ?r\gh ) ,peut-on pass] avec de artill]y8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 l'artill]ie8 ,c we get ?r\gh ) _/ ,peut-on pass] avec de grosses heavily load$ wagons voitures *>gees 7avec des 7auto trucks7 camions-automobiles78 ,is ?is road practicable = _/ ,cette r\te e/-elle praticable artill]y8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 p\r l'artill]ie8 ,c infantry m>* on ! _/ ,l'infant]ie peut-elle m>*] sides ( ! roads8 4 4 4 4 sur les cotes de la r\te8 ,is ! gr\nd practicable8 4 ,le t]ra9 e/-il praticable8 ,is ! gr\nd m>%y8 4 4 4 4 ,le t]ra9 e/-il m>ecageux8 ,:at is ! nature ( ! gr\nd8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,quelle e/ la nature du sol8 ,does ! telegraph l9e _/ ,e/-ce que la ligne telegraphique foll[ ?is road z f> 7le telegraphe7 suit cette z ,x r\te jusqu'a ,x8 ,:]e does y\r railroad come f8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,d'ou vi5t votre *em9 de f]8 ,:]e does x g to8 4 4 4 4 ,ou va-t-il8 ,is x s+le track$ or _/ ,e/-il a une voie ou a deux voies d\ble track$ ! :ole sur t\t le p>c\rs8 way8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,:]e is ! /ation8 is x ,f>8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ou e/ la g>e8 ,e/-elle lo9 d'ici8 ,h[ c ! riv] be cross$8 ,comm5t peut-on pass] la rivi]e8 ,is !re a bridge8 a f]ry8 4 ,y a-t-il un pont8 un bac8 ,are !re =ds8 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,y a-t-il des passages a gue 7des gues78 ,c we get boats8 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,peut-on tr\v] des bateaux8 ,9 t wood are !re _/ ,dans ce bois1 y a-t-il des cle>+s1 rav9es1 brooks1 clairi]es1 des rav9s1 des m>%es1 pools8 4 4 4 4 4 4 ruisseaux1 des m>es8 ,are !re any places ne> _/ ,y a-t-il des endroits pres d'ici "h = wat]+ horses8 4 p\r abreuv] les *evaux8 ,is ! wat] good8 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'eau e/-elle bonne8 ,is ?is wat] dr9kable8 4 4 ,e/-ce de l'eau potable8 ,are !re wat]+ tr\ghs8 4 ,y a-t-il des abreuvoirs8 ,:]e is !re good grass = _/ ,ou y a-t-il de bonne h]be p\r animals8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 les animaux8 ,c we buy provisions8 4 4 4 ,peut-on a*et] des vivres8 ,is !re a field :]e we _/ ,y a-t-il un *amp ou n\s p\vons c camp8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 camp] 7in/all] notre campem5t78 ,c y give me any _/ ,p\vez-v\s me donn] des in=mation ab\t ! enemy8 r5seignem5ts sur l'ennemi8 ,please f9d me a guide :o _/ ,veuillez me tr\v] un guide qui kn[s ! c\ntry8 4 4 4 4 connaisse le pays4 ,we are go+ to foll[ ?is trail 7tracks7 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,n\s allons suivre cette pi/e4 ,crossroads 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un c>ref\r4 ,,t[ns4 ,:]e is ! po/-(fice & _/ ,ou e/ le bureau des po/es et telegraph (fice8 4 4 4 4 4 telegraphes8 ,! po/ma/] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 _/ ,le directeur des po/es et telegraphes4 ,! mail 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le c\rri]4 ,:5 0 ! la/ mail _/ ,a quelle heure a-t-on fait la di/ribut$8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 d]ri]e di/ribution8 ,g5]al deliv]y 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,po/e re/ante4 ,are !re any lett]s = --8 ,y a-t-il des lettres p\r --8 ,i %\ld l to s5d a _/ ,je v\drais exp$i] un telegram 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 telegramme4 ,h y receiv$ a telegram _/ ,avez-v\s recu un telegramme = ----8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 7une depe*e7 p\r ----8 ,a telegraph in/rum5t 4 4 4 ,un app>eil 7telegraphique74 ,c y tell me :]e ! _/ ,p\rriez-v\s me dire ou se mayor's (fice is8 4 4 4 4 tr\ve la mairie8 ,i c\ldn't tell y2 ,i am a _/ ,je ne saurais v\s r5seign]2 /rang] "h 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 je ne connais pas la ville4 ,good-morn+1 sir1 are y _/ ,bonj\r1 ,monsieur1 etes-v\s ! mayor8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 le maire8 ,no1 sir1 ,i am 8 assi/ant 4 ,non1 ,monsieur1 je suis son adjo9t4 ,i %\ld l to speak to _/ ,je v\drais p>l] au maire ! mayor himself 4 4 4 4 4 lui-meme4 ,li/51 sir4 ,a deta*m5t _/ ,ec\tez1 monsieur2 ,un deta*em5t w arrive "h to-morr[ arriv]a ici dema9 mat9 a morn+ at #e o'clock 4 4 4 c9q heures4 ,c y arrange to lodge _/ ,povez-v\s pr5dre de #b1jjj m5 = two days8 4 4 dispositions p\r log] #b1jjj hommes p5dant deux j\rs8 ,a policeman 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un s]g5t de ville1 un ag5t de la paix4 ,,railroads4 ,! /ation ag5t 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le *ef de g>e4 ,! conductor 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le conducteur4 ,! eng9e] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le mecanici54 ,! fireman 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le *auffeur4 ,! brakeman 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le s]re-fre9s4 ,! telegraph op]ator 4 4 4 ,le telegraphi/e4 ,an eng9e 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une locomotive4 ,pass5g] c>s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des wagons 7de voyageurs74 ,flat c>s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des trucks4 ,box c>s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des wagons de m>*&ises4 ,/ock c>s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des wagons a be/iaux4 ,an express tra9 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un tra9 express4 ,a ?r\gh tra9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un tra9 direct4 ,a local tra9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un tra9 omnibus4 ,a pass5g] tra9 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un tra9 de voyageurs4 ,a freight tra9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un tra9 de m>*&ises4 ,to entra9 ! troops 4 4 4 4 ,emb>qu] les tr\pes4 ,to detra9 ! troops 4 4 4 4 ,deb>qu] les tr\pes4 ,to get on a tra9 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,mont] dans un tra94 ,to get (f a tra9 4 4 4 4 4 ,desc5dre d'un tra94 ,! railroad track 4 4 4 4 4 ,la-voie 7f]ree74 ,a side track 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une voie de g>age4 ,a ticket 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un billet4 ,a r\nd trip ticket 4 4 4 4 4 ,un billet d'all] et ret\r4 ,"o way only 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,all] seulem5t4 ,! ticket w9d[ 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le gui*et4 ,at :at "t does ! ,p>is _/ ,a quelle heure "p le tra9 tra9 />t8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 p\r ,p>is8 ,x is late 7#ae m9utes late7 ,il e/ en ret>d 7de qu9ze m9utes74 ,d we h to *ange c>s8 4 ,faut-il *ang] de tra98 ,! tra9 /ops 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le tra9 s'arrete4 ,all abo>d6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,en voiture6 ,! tra9 />ts 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le tra9 s'ebranle4 ,,rations ,,& ,,food4 ,provisions 79 g5]al7 4 4 4 ,les vivre4 ,! ration 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la ration4 ,fre% beef 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,de la vi&e frai*e4 ,bacon 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,du l>d4 ,fl\r 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,de la f>9e4 ,s(t bread 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,du pa9 frais4 ,h>d bread 7crack]s7 4 4 4 4 ,du biscuit4 ,field bread 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,du pa9 de gu]re4 ,corn meal 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,de la f>9e de mais4 ,c(fee 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,du cafe4 ,sug> 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,du sucre4 ,eggs 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des oeufs4 ,*ick5s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des p\lets4 ,potatoes 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des pommes de t]re4 ,peas 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des pois4 ,/r+ beans 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des h>icots v]ts4 ,vegetables 79 g5]al7 4 4 4 ,des legumes4 ,an apple 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une pomme4 ,a pe> 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une poire4 ,a *]ry 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une c]ise4 ,a pea* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une pe*e4 ,*eese 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,du fromage4 ,w9e 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,du v94 ,be] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,de la bi]e4 ,a glass ( be] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un bock4 ,i am hungry 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,j'ai faim4 ,br+ me some?+ to eat ,apportez-moi quelque *ose a please 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 mang]1 s'il v\s-plait4 ,i am ?ir/y 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,j'ai soif4 ,please give me a glass ( ,veuillez me donn] un v]re ,wat] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 d'eau4 ,wait]1 ,i'll take a beef/eak ,g>con1 je desire un bifteck4 ,"s black c(fee 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,du cafe noir4 ,c(fee ) milk 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,du cafe au lait4 ,rolls 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des petits pa9s4 ,cresc5t rolls 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,des croissants4 ,,hospitals4 ,a field hospital 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une ambulance4 ,a hospital 79 g5]al7 4 4 4 ,un hopital 7plural3 des hopitaux74 ,a dress+ /ation 4 4 4 4 4 ,un po/e de sec\rs4 ,a fir/-aid dress+ 4 4 4 4 ,un pansem5t sommaire4 ,r$ ,cross 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la ,croix ,r\ge4 ,a doctor 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un m$ec94 ,un docteur4 ,a surgeon 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un *irurgi54 ,a milit>y surgeon 4 4 4 4 4 ,un 7m$ec97 major4 ,assi/ant surgeon 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un aide-major4 ,a male nurse1 hospital corps man 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un infirmi]4 ,a female nurse 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une infirmi]e4 ,an ambulance 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une ambulance4 ,a /ret*] 7litt]7 4 4 4 4 ,un branc>d4 ,a litt] be>] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un branc>di]4 ,a roll ( b&ages 4 4 4 4 4 ,un r\leau de b&age4 ,a fir/-aid packet 4 4 4 4 4 ,un paquet de pansem5t4 ,a w\nd$ man 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un blesse4 ,i am sick 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,je suis malade4 ,i h a fev] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,j'ai la fievre4 ,i h *ills & fev] 4 4 4 ,j'ai des frissons de fievre4 ,i am con/ipat$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,je suis con/ipe4 ,i h di>rhea 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,j'ai la di>rhee4 ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,compass4 ,nor? 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le nord4 ,s\? 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le sud4 ,ea/ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'e/4 ,we/ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,l'oue/4 ,nor!a/ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le nord-e/4 ,s\!a/ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le sud-e/4 ,nor?we/ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le nord-oue/4 ,s\?we/ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le sud-oue/4 ,,tr5* ,,w>f>e4 ,tr5* w>f>e 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,la gu]re des tran*ees4 ,la gu]re de position4 ,la gu]re de taupe 7moles74 ,tr5* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une tran*ee4 ,communication tr5* 4 4 4 4 ,un boyau 7de communication74 ,! p>apet 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,le p>apet4 ,a loophole 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un cr5eau4 ,une meurtri]e4 ,a gr5ade 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une gr5ade4 ,a gr5adi]1 bomb] 4 4 4 4 4 ,un gr5adi]4 ,b>b$ wire 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,du fil de f] b>bele4 ,b>b$ wire entanglem5t 4 4 ,un reseau de fils de f] b>beles4 ,tr5* mort> 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un morti]4 ,un crap\illaud4 ,m95w]f] 7,g]man74 ,bomb 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une bombe4 ,h[itz] 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un obusi]4 ,ma*9e gun 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une mitrailleuse4 ,fieldpiece 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une piece de campagne4 #ge millimet] field gun 4 4 4 ,une piece de soixante-qu9ze4 ,siege gun 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,une piece de siege4 #abj long 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,c5t v+t long4 #abj %ort 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,c5t v+t c\rt4 #gg 7,g]man7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,soixante-dix-sept 7allem&74 ,%ell 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un obus4 ,une m>mite 7slang74 ,un colis a domicile 7slang74 ,%rapnel 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un %rapnell4 ,un rageur 7slang74 ,p]iscope 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un p]iscope4 ,tr5* knife 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un c\teau de tran*ee4 ,dug\t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,un abri dans les tran*ees4 ,un cagibi 7slang74 ,une cagna 7slang74 ,un g\rbi 7slang74 ,une guit\ne 7slang74 ,,note4--,9 address+ an (fic] ( grade sup]ior to 8 own1 an (fic] mu/ use ! possessive adjective2 a s5ior address+ a junior uses ! title ( ! grade only4 ,?us3 ,a major to a colonel says ,mon colonel1 b ! colonel to ! major w\ld say ,comm&ant4 ,,app5dix4 ,,=m ,,= ,,la/ ,,w ,,& ,,te/am5t4 ,li/ ,w & ,te/am5t ,,( 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,i1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ( 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 d make1 publi%1 & decl>e ?is my la/ w & te/am5t4 ,i give1 devise1 & bequea? to#ae 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,& ,i d give1 devise1 & bequea? all ! re/ & residue ( my e/ate1 bo? real & p]sonal1 to 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 heirs & assigns =ev]#af 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,i h]eby appo9t 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 executor ( ?is my la/ w & te/am5t1 & ,i desire t 4 4 4 4 4 %all n be requir$ to give bond = ! p]=mance ( t (fice4 ,witness my h& ?is#ag 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 day ( 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 #aia 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,sign$1 publi%$1 & decl>$ by 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ! above-nam$ te/ator1 z & = 8 la/ w & te/am5t1 9 ! pres5ce ( u1 :o1 at 8 reque/ & 9 8 pres5ce1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ea* o!r1 h subscrib$ our names z witnesses !reto4#ah 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,resid5ce3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,resid5ce3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,resid5ce3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,footnote #ae3 ,"h ins]t specific legacies & devises4 ,footnote #af3 ,if ! residue ( ! e/ate is giv5 to sev]al p]sons1 add "h ! mann] 9 :i* x is to be divid$1 z 9 equal %>es z t5ants 9 common4 ,footnote #ag3 ,if ! w is made 9 ,nevada1 or if ! te/ator has real e/ate 9 t ,/ate1 he %\ld affix 8 seal4 ,footnote #ah3 ,if ! w is made 9 ,l\isiana1 unless x is :olly 9 ! h&writ+ ( ! te/ator1 !re %\ld be sev5 witnesses & a not>y at ! seal+ up4 ,if :olly 9 8 h&writ+ no =malities are requir$4 ,,index4 ,abbreviations on maps ,advance gu>ds ,advance p>ty ( advance gu>d ,advice to riflem5 ,aim+ rifle ,alignm5ts ,ammunition ,arm signals ,arms4 7,see ,field kit47 ,articles ( ,w>3 ,extracts f ,read+ ,assembl+ ,infantry ,equipm5t ,ball c>tridges ,battle sight ,bayonet3 ,*>ge ,description ( ,fix ,unfix ,bayonet1 manual (3 ,attacks ,combat ,comb9$ movem5ts ,def5ses ,f5c+ ex]cises ,foot movem5ts ,g5]al rules ,in/ruction )\t bayonet ,in/ruction ) rifle ,in/ruction )\t rifle ,sugge/ions = f5c+ at w ,blank c>tridges ,blanket roll ,blanks1 message ,bli/]s ,bugle signals ,call+ ! %ot ,camp3 ,mak+ camp ,s]vice & duties ,c>e ( feet ,c>e ( rifle ,c>tridges3 ,ball ,blank ,dummy ,gu>d ,clean+ pi/ol ,clean+ rifle ,close ord]1 company drill ,clo?+4 7,see ,uni=ms47 ,coa/ ,artill]y companies ,codes us$ 9 signal+ ,g5]al s]vice code 7,int]national ,morse code7 ,two-arm semaphore code ,wig-wag code ,lett] codes-- ,cavalry ,field ,artill]y ,infantry ,combat ,ex]cises ,comm&] ( ! gu>d ,comm&s1 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations ,company inspection ,company1 s*ool (3 ,close ord] drill-- ,alignm5t ,at ease & r\te /ep ,fac+ or m>*+ to ! re> ,front into l9e ,movem5ts on fix$ pivot ,movem5ts on ! mov+ pivot ,on "r 7left7 into l9e ,rules ,to dim9i% ! front ( a column ( squads ,to dismiss company ,to =m ! company ,division ( company ,ext5d$ ord] drill-- ,deploym5ts ,rules = deploym5t ,! advance ,! company act+ alone ,! company 9 support ,! fire attack ,fire-- ,classes ( fir+ ,fire control ,fire direction ,fire discipl9e ,g5]al rules ,ranges ,! t>get ,in/ruction ,position ( (fic]s1 noncommission$ (fic]s1 guides1 etc4 ,position ( platoons & squads ,complim5ts f gu>ds ,cont\rs ,conv5tional signs on maps ,cook+1 individual ,coord9ation 9 fir+ rifle ,corporal ( ! gu>d ,cossack po/ ,c\rse 9 small-arms fir+ ,c\rtesies 9 conv]sation ,c\rtesy1 milit>y ,cov]1 use ( ,datum plane on maps ,def9ition1 ,infantry ,drill ,regulations ,details & ro/]s1 int]ior gu>ds ,directions on maps ,discipl9e ,fire discipl9e ,di/ances on maps ,drill 7,see ,infantry ,drill ,regulations73 ,close ord] ,ext5d$ ord] ,g5]al rules ,drill regulations1 all arms ,dummy c>tridges ,eng9e] companies ,engli%-,fr5* vocabul>ies ,enli/m5t oa? ,equipm5t3 ,assembl+ ,"p ( ,ext5d$ ord] drill ,fac+s ,feet1 c>e ( ,field ex]cises ,field kit ,field message blanks ,field s]vice3 ,advance gu>d ,advance p>ty ,patrols ,po9t ,res]ve ,support ,combat ,flank gu>ds ,outpo/s-- ,cossack po/s ,duties ( ,l9e ( obs]vation ,l9e ( resi/ance ,m>* outpo/ ,outgu>ds ,patrols ,pickets ,res]ves ,s5t9els ,s5try squads ,supports ,patroll+ ,pr9ciples ( ,infantry tra9+ ,re> gu>ds ,rifle tr5*es ,field ,s]vice ,regulations ,fire3 ,control ,direction ,ranges ,rapid fir+ ,t>gets ,fir+ positions ,fir+ ) re/s ,fir/-aid rules ,flag signals ,flank gu>ds ,=mations1 g5]al rules ,=age ration ,=m = la/ w & te/am5t ,fr5*-,engli% vocabul>y ,g5]al s]vice code ,gra9 ration ,gr\nd =ms on maps ,gu>d c>tridges ,gu>d duty 7extracts f ,manual ( ,int]ior73 ,classification ( int]ior gu>ds ,color s5t9els ,comm&] ( ! gu>d ,complim5ts f gu>ds ,corporal ( ! gu>d ,c\nt]signs ,details ,flags ,gu>d m\nt+ ,=mal ,in=mal ,gu>d patrols ,gu>d+ prison]s ,introduction ,musician ( ! gu>d ,ord]lies ,ord]s = s5t9els ,p>oles ,prison]s ,privates ( ! gu>d ,reliev+ ! old gu>d ,retreat gun ,reveille gun ,ro/]s ,s]geant ( ! gu>d ,wat*m5 ,gu>d m\nt+ ,=mal ,in=mal ,gun sl+1 use ( ,ha%ures on map ,hygi5e1 p]sonal ,individual cook+ ,recipes ,infantry ,drill ,regulations1 extracts f3 ,company inspection ,def9itions ,g5]al rules = drills & =mations ,introduction ,manual ( ! bayonet ,manual ( t5t pit*+ ,ord]s1 comm&s1 & signals ,s*ool ( ! company ,s*ool ( ! soldi] ,s*ool ( ! squad ,infantry equipm5t1 assembl+ ,infantry tra9+ pr9ciples ,insignia3 ,noncommission$ (fic]s ,(fic]s ,inspection3 ,company ,int]ior gu>d duty1 ,manual (4 7,see ,gu>d duty47 ,int]national ,morse code ,intr5*+ tools ,kit4 7,see ,field kit2 ,s]vice kit2 ,surplus kit47 ,laws gov]n+ ,army ,l9e ( obs]vation ,l9e ( resi/ance ,load+ & fir+s ,loyalty ,mak+ maps ,manual ( arms ,manual ( ! ,bayonet4 7,see ,bayonet1 ,manual (47 ,manual ( ,int]ior ,gu>d ,duty4 7,see ,gu>d duty47 ,manual ( ,t5t ,pit*+4 7,see ,t5t ,pit*+1 ,manual (47 ,maps3 ,abbreviations ,cont\rs ,datum plane ,directions ,di/ances ,gr\nd =ms ,ha%ures ,mak+ 7sket*+7 ,ori5t+ ,read+ ,ridges ,scales ,signs ,slopes ,/ream l9es ,valleys ,v]tical int]vals ,m>*+ ,prep>ation = ,m>ksman%ip1 prelim9>y tra9+ ,message blanks ,metal f\l+ solution = clean+ rifle ,milit>y c\rtesy ,morse1 int]national code4 7,see ,g5]al s]vice code47 ,national ,an!m ,noncommission$ (fic]s3 ,corporal ( gu>d ,insignia ,prec$5ce ,rank ,s]geant ( gu>d ,oa? ( enli/m5t ,ob$i5ce ,obs]vation1 l9e (4 7,see ,l9e ( obs]vation47 ,(fic]s3 ,insignia ,prec$5ce ,rank ,ord]s3 ,h[ obey$ ,infantry ,drill ,regulations ,ori5t+ maps ,outgu>ds ,outpo/s ,pack ,close ,op5 ,patroll+ ,patrols3 ,advance gu>ds ,outpo/ ,peep sight ,p]sonal hygi5e ,pickets ,po9t ( advance gu>d ,pi/ol3 ,clean+ ,practice ,pivots3 ,turn on fix$ ,turn on mov+ ,position ( ! soldi] ,prec$5ce3 ,noncommission$ (fic]s ,(fic]s ,pr9ciples ( ,infantry tra9+ ,prison]s ,privates ( ! gu>ds ,range e/imators ,rank3 ,noncommission$ (fic]s ,(fic]s ,rapid fir+ ,rations3 ,c>ri$ on p]son ,cook+ ,em]g5cy ,=age ,gra9 ,k9ds ( ,read+ maps ,regulations1 ,army ,regulations1 ,drill1 all arms ,regulations1 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations ,gov]n+ ,army ,reliev+ ! old gu>d ,res]ve3 ,( advance gu>d ,( outpo/ ,resi/ance1 l9e (4 7,see ,l9e ( resi/ance47 ,re/s ,retreat gun ,reveille gun ,revolv] practice ,ridges on maps ,rifle3 ,aim+ ,battle sight ,c>e ( ,clean+ ,coord9ation 9 fir+ ,description ( ,plate %[+ pr9cipal p>ts ,sight adju/m5t ,tr5*es ,ro/]s1 int]ior gu>ds ,rules 7see ,fir/-aid rules73 ,g5]al ,rules = ,drills & ,=mations ,gov]n+ salut+ ,salutes3 ,h& ,rifle ,sab] ,s5t9els ,salut+ ,rules gov]n+ ,scales on maps ,s*ool ( ! company4 7,see ,company1 s*ool (47 ,s*ool ( ! soldi]4 7,see ,soldi]1 s*ool (47 ,s*ool ( ! squad4 7,see ,squad1 s*ool (47 ,semaphore1 two-arm signal+ code ,s5t9els3 ,int]ior gu>d1 ord]s = ,( outpo/ ,s5try squad ,s]geant ( ! gu>d ,s]vice kit ,%oes ,sights3 ,adju/m5t ,battle sight ,op5 sight ,peep sight ,table ( sight corrections ,signall+1 g5]al in/ructions ,signal flags ,signals3 ,arm ,bugle ,enemy 9 sight ,fir+ l9e & res]ve ,flag ,o!r signals ,s\nd ,take cov] ,two arm semaphore ,:i/le ,wig-wag ,sket*+ ,slopes on maps ,small-arms fir+ c\rse ,socks ,soda solution = clean+ rifle ,soldi]1 s*ool (3 ,duties ( in/ructor ,eyes "r or left ,fac+s ,in/ruction )\t arms ,manual ( arms ,position ( ! soldi] on att5tion ,rifle salute ,salute ) ! h& ,salute ) sab] ,/eps & m>*+s ,back /ep ,*ange /ep ,quick "t ,side /ep ,! half /ep ,to halt ,to m>* by ! flank ,to m>* to ! re> ,to m>k "t ,! bayonet ,! inspection ,! re/s ,to dismiss ! squad ,solutions = clean+ rifle ,squad1 s*ool (3 ,alignm5ts ,in/ruction ,kneel+ & ly+ d[n ,load+s & fir+s ,obs]vation ,! assembly ,! oblique m>* ,! use ( cov] ,to cease fir+ ,to deploy z skirmi%]s ,to fire at w ,to fire by clip ,to fire by volley ,to foll[ ! corporal ,to =m squad ,to increase or dim9i% int]vals ,to load ,to set ! sight ,to /ack & take arms ,to susp5d fir+ ,to take int]vals & di/ance ,to turn on fix$ pivot ,to turn on mov+ pivot ,to unload ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann] ,/eps & m>*+s ,/reams l9es on maps ,subsi/5ce4 7,see ,rations47 ,support3 ,advance gu>d ,outpo/ ,surplus kit ,swabb+ solution = clean+ rifle ,t>get practice3 ,advice to riflem5 ,aim+ rifle ,battle sight ,call+ ! %ot ,coord9ation ,fir+ positions ,prelim9>y tra9+ 9 m>ksman%ip ,sight adju/m5t ,table ( sight corrections ,t>gets ,! c\rse 9 small-arms fir+ ,trigg] squeeze ,t>gets ,t5t ,pit*+1 ,manual (3 ,conical wall t5t ,fold+ t5ts ,pit* all type ,army t5ts 7except %elt] & conical wall t5ts7 ,%elt] t5t ,sleep+ bags ,/rik+ t5ts ,toilet articles ,tr5*es1 rifle ,trigg] squeeze ,two-arm semaphore code ,uni=ms ,c>e ( ,dispos+ ( ,dress ,full dress ,h[ worn ,s]vice ,use ( cov] ,valleys on maps ,v]tical int]vals on maps ,visual signal+ 7,see ,signals73 ,9 g5]al ,flag ,vocabul>y--,engli%-,fr5* ,:i/le signals ,wig-wag signal+ ,w1 =m = la/ w & te/am5t ,w9dage corrections ,w9d gauge