,,seek]s ,,aft] ,,god ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,f>r>1 ,d4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,,canon ,,( ,,we/m9/]4 ,,s5eca4 ,ce nuage frang de rayons qui t\cbe presqu' l'immortelle aurore des vrits *rti5nes4--,,pontmaot94 ,,introductory4 ,on ! banks ( ! ,baetis--! mod]n ,guadalquiv]1--& "u ! woods t cr[n ! s\!rn slopes ( ! ,si]ra ,mor5a1 lies ! beautiful & fam\s city ( ,cordova4 ,x _h be5 select$ by ,m>cellus z ! site ( a ,roman colony2 & s _m ,romans & ,spani>ds ( high rank *ose x = _! resid5ce1 t x obta9$ f ,augu/us ! hon\rable surname ( ! ,patrician ,colony4 ,spa91 dur+ ?is p]iod ( ! ,empire1 ex]cis$ no small influ5ce ^u ! lit]ature & politics ( ,rome4 ,no less ?an ?ree great ,emp]ors--,trajan1 ,hadrian1 & ,!odosius1--7 natives ( ,spa94 ,columella1 ! writ] on agriculture1 0 born at ,cadiz2 ,qu9tilian1 ! great writ] on ! education ( an orator1 0 born at ,calahorra2 ! poet ,m>tial 0 a native ( ,bilbilis2 b ,cordova c\ld boa/ ! yet high] hon\r ( hav+ giv5 bir? to ! ,s5ecas1 an hon\r :i* won = x ! epi!t ( ,! ,eloqu5t4 ,a ru9 is %[n to mod]n travell]s :i* is popul>ly call$ ! ,h\se ( ,s5eca1 & ! fact is at lea/ a pro( t ! city /ill reta9s "s memory ( its illu/ri\s sons4 ,m>cus ,annaeus ,s5eca1 ! fa!r ( ! philosoph]1 0 by rank a ,roman knight4 ,:at causes _h l$ him or 8 family to settle 9 ,spa9 we d n "k1 & ! names ,annaeus & ,s5eca are alike obscure4 ,x has be5 vaguely conjectur$ t bo? names may involve an allusion to ! longevity ( "s ( ! f\nd]s ( ! family1 = ,annaeus seems to be connect$ ) annus1 a ye>1 & ,s5eca ) s5ex1 an old man4 ,! common ,engli% composite plant ragwort is call$ s5ecio f ! :ite & fea!ry pappus or app5dage ( its se$s2 & simil>ly1 ,isidore says t ! fir/ ,s5eca 0 s nam$ because he 0 born ) :ite hair4 ,al?\gh ! fa!r ( ,s5eca 0 ( knightly rank1 8 family _h nev] ris5 to any em95ce2 x belong$ to ! class ( n\veaux ri*es1 & we d n "k :e!r x 0 ( ,roman or ( ,spani% desc5t4 ,b 8 "m ,helvia--an uncommon "n1 :i*1 by a curi\s co9cid5ce1 belong$ also to ! "m ( ,cic]o--0 a ,spani% lady2 & x 0 f h] t ,s5eca1 z well z 8 fam\s nephew1 ! poet ,lucan1 d\btless d]iv$ _m ( ! traits :i* m>k _! intellect & _! "*4 ,!re 0 9 ! ,spani>d a ri*ness & spl5d\r ( imag9ation1 an int5sity & w>m?1 a t\* ( phantasy & flame1 :i* we f9d 9 ^! two m5 ( g5ius1 & :i* 0 :olly want+ to ! ,roman temp]am5t4 ,( ,cordova itself1 except 9 a s+le epigram1 ,s5eca makes no m5tion2 b ?is epigram suffices to %[ t he mu/ h be5 famili> ) its /irr+ & memorable traditions4 ,! eld] ,s5eca mu/ h be5 liv+ at ,cordova dur+ all ! tr\bl\s ye>s ( civil w>1 :5 8 native city caus$ equal (f5ce to ,pompey & to ,caes>4 ,d\btless1 too1 he w\ld h _h /ories to tell ( ! noble ,s]torius1 & ( ! tame fawn :i* ga9$ = him ! cr$it ( div9e assi/ance2 & contempor>y rem9isc5ces ( t day ( desp]ate disa/] :5 ,caes>1 indignant t ,cordova %\ld h embrac$ ! cause ( ! sons ( ,pompey1 av5g$ himself by a massacre ( #bb1jjj ( ! citiz5s4 ,f 8 "m ,helvia1 ,s5eca mu/ (t5 h he>d ab\t ! fi]ce & gallant /ruggle 9 :i* h] c\ntry _h resi/$ ! iron yoke ( ,rome4 ,_m a "t z a boy mu/ he h be5 told h[ long & h[ h]oically ,saguntum _h )/ood ! assaults & baffl$ ! triumph ( ,hannibal2 h[ bravely ,viria?us _h f\ght1 & h[ %amefully he fell2 & h[ at l5g? ! unequal conte/1 :i* r$uc$ ,spa9 to ! condition ( a prov9ce1 0 clos$1 :5 ! h]oic def5d]s ( ,numantia1 r ?an yield to ,scipio1 r$uc$ _! city to a heap ( blood/a9$ ru9s4 ,b1 :atev] may h be5 ! ext5t to :i* ,s5eca 0 influ5c$ by ! ,spani% blood :i* fl[$ 9 8 ve9s1 & ! ,spani% leg5ds on :i* 8 y\? 0 f$1 x 0 n 9 ,spa9 t 8 lot 0 ca/4 ,:5 he 0 yet an infant 9 arms 8 fa!r1 ) all 8 family1 emigrat$ f ,cordova to ,rome4 ,:at may h be5 ! special reason = ?is important /ep we d n "k2 possibly1 l ! fa!r ( ,horace1 ! eld] ,s5eca may h s\ght a bett] education = 8 sons ?an c\ld be provid$ by ev5 s celebrat$ a prov9cial t[n z ,cordova2 possibly--= he belong$ to a some:at pu%+ family--he may h desir$ to ga9 fre% weal? & hon\r 9 ! imp]ial city4 ,?i!r we mu/ foll[ him2 &1 z x is our object n only to depict a "* b also to sket* ! *>act]i/ics ( a v memorable age 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 we mu/ try to get a glimpse ( ! family 9 ! mid/ ( :i* our "y philosoph] grew up1 ( ! k9d ( education :i* he receiv$1 & ( ! influ5ces :i* 7 likely to tell ^u him dur+ 8 *ildi% & y\?ful ye>s4 ,only by su* means %all we be able to judge ( him aright4 ,& x is wor? :ile to try & ga9 a "r conception ( ! man1 n only because he 0 v em95t z a poet1 an au?or1 & a politician1 n only because he fills a v prom95t place 9 ! pages ( ! great hi/orian1 :o has drawn s immortal a picture ( ,rome "u ! ,emp]ors2 n only because 9 him we c be/ /udy ! inevitable signs :i* m>k1 ev5 9 ! works ( m5 ( g5ius1 a degrad$ p & a decay+ lit]ature2 b because he 01 z ! title ( ?is volume designates him1 a ,,seek] ,,aft] ,,god4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! d>k & que/ionable actions ( 8 life--& 9 ?is n>rative we %all endeavor to furni% a pla9 & unv>ni%$ picture ( ! mann] 9 :i* he liv$1--x is c]ta9 t1 z a philosoph] & z a morali/1 he furni%es u ) ! gr&e/ & mo/ eloqu5t s]ies ( tru?s to :i*1 unillum9at$ by ,*ri/ianity1 ! ?\ghts ( man h ev] atta9$4 ,! pure/ & mo/ exalt$ philosophic sect ( antiquity 0 ! sect ( ! ,/oics2 & ,/oicism nev] f\nd a lit]>y expon5t m ard5t1 m eloqu5t1 or m enlight5$ ?an ,lucius ,annaeus ,s5eca4 ,s ne>ly1 9 fact1 does he seem to h arriv$ at ! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity1 t to _m x seem$ a matt] = m>vel t he c\ld h kn[n !m )\t hav+ he>d !m f inspir$ lips4 ,he is con/antly cit$ ) approbation by "s ( ! mo/ em95t ,*ri/ian fa!rs4 ,t]tullian1 ,lactantius1 ev5 ,/4 ,augu/9e himself1 quote 8 words ) m>k$ admiration1 & ,/4 ,j]ome appeals to him z our ,s5eca4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t g fur!r /ill1 & quote him z ?\gh he 7 an ackn[l$g$ fa!r ( ! ,*ur*4 ,= _m c5turies !re 7 "s :o accept$ z g5u9e ! spuri\s lett]s suppos$ to h be5 int]*ang$ betwe5 ,s5eca & ,/4 ,paul1 9 :i* ,s5eca is made to express a wi% to hold among ! ,pagans ! same b5eficial position :i* ,/4 ,paul held 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,! possibility ( su* an int]c\rse1 ! nature & ext5t ( su* suppos$ obligations1 w come "u our consid]ation h]eaft]4 ,all t ,i "h desire to say is1 t 9 consid]+ ! life ( ,s5eca we are n only deal+ ) a life :i* 0 ri* 9 memorable incid5ts1 & :i* 0 ca/ into an age ^u :i* ,*ri/ianity dawn$ z a new light 9 ! d>kness1 b also ! life ( "o :o climb$ ! l(tie/ peaks ( ! moral philosophy ( ,paganism1 & :o 9 _m respects may be reg>d$ z ! ,coryphaeus ( :at has be5 sometimes call$ a ,natural ,religion4 ,x is n my purpose to turn aside f ! n>rative 9 ord] to indulge 9 moral reflections1 because su* reflections w come ) t5fold =ce if !y are naturally sugge/$ to ! read]'s m9d by ! circum/ances ( ! biography4 ,b f fir/ to la/ x w be abundantly obvi\s to e ?\ghtful m9d t alike ! morality & ! philosophy ( ,paganism1 z contra/$ ) ! spl5d\r ( reveal$ tru? & ! hol9ess ( ,*ri/ian life1 are b z moonlight is to sunlight4 ,! ,/oical philosophy may be comp>$ to a tor* :i* fl+s a fa9t gleam "h & !re 9 ! dusky recesses ( a mighty cav]n2 ,*ri/ianity to ! sun p\r+ into ! inmo/ dep?s ( ! same cav]n its sev5fold illum9ation4 ,! tor* _h a value & brightness ( its own1 b comp>$ ) ! dawn+ ( t new glory x appe>s to be dim & ineffectual1 ev5 ?\gh its brightness 0 a real brightness1 & _h be5 drawn f ! same e!rial s\rce4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,family ,,& ,,e>ly ,,ye>s ,,( ,,s5eca4 ,! exact date ( ,s5eca's bir? is unc]ta91 b x took place 9 all probability ab\t sev5 ye>s be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,x w give to 8 life a t\* ( deep & solemn int]e/ if we rememb] t1 dur+ all ^? guilty & /ormy sc5es amid :i* 8 e>li] de/9y 0 ca/1 !re liv$ & taught 9 ,pale/9e ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,savi\r ( ! _w4 ,! problems :i* = _m ye>s torm5t$ 8 m9d 7 beg9n+ to f9d _! solution1 amid f> o!r sc5es1 by m5 ^: cre$ & condition he despis$4 ,:ile ,s5eca 0 be+ gu>d$ by 8 att5dant slave ?r\gh ! cr[d$ & dang]\s /reets ( ,rome on 8 way to s*ool1 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,john 7 fi%]-lads by ! %ores ( ,g5nes>e?2 :ile ,s5eca 0 ard5tly assimilat+ ! doctr9e ( ! /oic ,attalus1 ,/4 ,paul1 ) no less f]vancy ( s\l1 sat le>n+ at ! feet ( ,gamaliel2 & long be=e ,s5eca _h made 8 way1 ?r\gh pa?s dizzy & dubi\s1 to ! z5i? ( 8 fame1 unkn[n to him t ,savi\r _h be5 crucifi$ ?r\gh ^: only m]its he & we c ev] atta9 to our f9al re/4 ,s5eca 0 ab\t two ye>s old :5 he 0 c>ri$ to ,rome 9 8 nurse's arms4 ,l _m o!r m5 :o h succe$$ 9 atta9+ em95ce1 he suff]$ mu* f ill-heal? 9 8 e>ly ye>s4 ,he tells u ( "o s]i\s illness f :i* he sl[ly recov]$ "u ! affectionate & t5d] nurs+ ( 8 "m's si/]4 ,all 8 life long he 0 subject to attacks ( a/hma1 :i*1 aft] suff]+ e =m ( disease1 he says t he consid]s to be ! wor/4 ,at "o "t 8 p]sonal suff]+s weigh$ s heavily on 8 spirits t no?+ save a reg>d = 8 fa!r's wi%es prev5t$ him f suicide3 & lat] 9 life he 0 only )held f seek+ ! deliv]ance ( dea? by ! t5d] affection ( 8 wife ,paul9a4 ,he might h us$ ) little alt]ation ! words ( ,pope1 t 8 v>i\s /udies b s]v$ to help him ,?r\gh ?is long disease1 my life4 ,! recov]y f ?is t$i\s illness is ! only allusion :i* ,s5eca has made to ! circum/ances ( 8 *ildhood4 ,! anci5t writ]s1 ev5 ! anci5t poets1 b r>ely ref]1 ev5 9 ! mo/ cursory mann]1 to _! e>ly ye>s4 ,! cause ( ?is retic5ce (f]s a curi\s problem = our inquiry1 b ! fact is indisputable4 ,:]eas !re is sc>cely a s+le mod]n poet :o has n l+]$ ) undisguis$ feel+s ( happ9ess ov] ! g5tle memories ( 8 *ildhood1 n "o ( ! anci5t poets has sy/ematically t\*$ ^u ! !me at all4 ,f ,lydgate d[n to ,t5nyson1 x w\ld be easy to quote f our ,engli% poets a cont9u\s l9e ( lyric songs on ! subject ( boyi% ye>s4 ,h[ to ! "y *ild ! fir-trees seem$ to t\* ! sky1 h[ 8 he>t leap$ up at ! sight ( ! ra9b[1 h[ he sat at 8 "m's feet & prick$ into pap] ! tissu$ fl[]s ( h] dress1 h[ he *as$ ! bright butt]fly1 or 9 8 t5d]ness fe>$ to bru% ev5 ! du/ f (f its w+s1 h[ he le>nt sweet lessons & said innoc5t pray]s at 8 fa!r's knee2 trifles l ^!1 yet trifles :i* may h be5 r5d]$ noble & beautiful by a lov+ imag9ation1 h be5 n>rat$ ov] & ov] aga9 9 ! songs ( our poets4 ,! lovely l9es ( ,h5ry ,vaughan might be tak5 z a type ( ?\s&s m3-- ,happy ^? e>ly days1 :5 ,i ,%9$ 9 my ,angel infancy4 ,be=e ,i und]/ood ?is place ,appo9t$ = my second race1 ,or taught my s\l to fancy aught ,b a :ite cele/ial ?\ght2 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e ,i taught my tongue to w\nd ,my consci5ce ) a s9ful s\nd ,or _h ! black art to disp5se ,a sev]al s9 to e s5se2 ,b felt ?r\gh all ?is fle%y dress1 ,bright %oots ( ev]la/+ness4 ,! memory ( e /ud5t ( ,engli% poetry w furni% c\ntless p>allels to ?\ghts l ^!4 ,h[ is x t no simil> poem c\ld be quot$ f ! :ole range ( anci5t lit]ature8 ,h[ is x t to ! ,greek & ,roman poets t morn+ ( life1 :i* %\ld h be5 s fill$ ) natural bless$ness1 seems to h be5 a blank8 ,h[ is x t writ]s s volum9\s1 s dome/ic1 s affectionate z ,cic]o1 ,virgil1 & ,horace d n make s mu* z a s+le allusion to ! exi/5ce ( _! own mo!rs8 ,to answ] ?is "q fully w\ld be to write an entire essay on ! diff]5ce betwe5 anci5t & mod]n life1 & w\ld c>ry me f> away f my imm$iate subject4#a ,b ,i may say g5]ally1 t ! explanation re/s 9 ! fact t 9 all probability *ildhood among ! anci5ts 0 a disreg>d$1 & 9 mo/ cases a f> less happy1 p]iod ?an x is ) u4 ,! bir? ( a *ild 9 ! h\se ( a ,greek or a ,roman 0 n necess>ily a subject = rejoic+4 ,if ! fa!r1 :5 ! *ild 0 fir/ %[n to him1 /oop$ d[n & took x 9 8 arms1 x 0 receiv$ z a memb] ( ! family2 if he left x unnotic$ !n x 0 doom$ to dea?1 & 0 expos$ 9 "s lonely or b>r5 place to ! m]cy ( ! wild bea/s1 or ( ! fir/ pass] by4 ,& ev5 if a *ild escap$ ?is fate1 yet = ! fir/ sev5 or eight ye>s ( life he 0 kept 9 ! gynaeceum1 or wom5's ap>tm5ts1 & r>ely or nev] saw 8 fa!r's face4 ,no halo ( romance or poetry 0 %$ ov] ^? e>ly ye>s4 ,until ! *ild 0 full gr[n ! absolute p[] ( life or dea? re/$ 9 8 fa!r's h&s2 he _h no fre$om1 & met ) little notice4 ,= individual life ! anci5ts _h a v slight reg>d2 !re 0 no?+ autobiographic or introspective 9 _! temp]am5t4 ,) !m public life1 ! life ( ! ,/ate1 0 ev]y?+2 dome/ic life1 ! life ( ! individual1 occupi$ b a small %>e ( _! consid]ation4 ,all ! innoc5t pleasures ( infancy1 ! joys ( ! he>?1 ! *>m ( ! dome/ic circle1 ! fl[ & sp>kle ( *ildi% gaity1 7 by !m b little appreciat$4 ,! ye>s be=e manhood 7 ye>s ( prospect1 & 9 mo/ cases !y (f]$ b little to make !m wor? ! retrospect4 ,x is a m>k ( ! m mod]n "* :i* /amps ! writ+s ( ,s5eca1 z comp>$ ) e>li] au?ors1 t he addresses 8 "m 9 t]ms ( ! deepe/ affection1 & _c speak ( 8 d>l+ little son except 9 a voice t seems to break ) te>s4 ,footnote #a3 ,see1 h[ev]1 ! same "q treat$ f a some:at diff]5t po9t ( view by ,m4 ,nis>d1 9 8 *>m+ tudes sur les ,potes de la ,dcad5ce1 ii4 #ag1 sqq4 ,let u add ano!r curi\s consid]ation4 ,! gr[? ( ! p]sonal "*1 ! rem9isc5ces ( a life advanc+ into p]fect consci\sness1 are l>gely m\ld$ by ! gradual recognition ( moral laws1 by ! s5se ( my/]y evolv$ 9 ! inevitable /ruggle betwe5 duty & pleasure1--betwe5 ! desire to d "r & ! temptation to d wrong4 ,b among ! anci5ts ! conception ( morality 0 s :olly diff]5t f ours1 _! notions ( moral obligation 71 9 ! imm5se majority ( cases1 s mu* less /r+5t & s mu* less important1 !y _h s fa9t a disapproval = s9s :i* we condemn1 & s weak an indignation aga9/ vices :i* we abhor1 t 9 _! e>ly ye>s we c h>dly suppose !m to h (t5 fa?om$ ^? abysmal deeps ( p]sonality1 ! recognition ( :i* is a necess>y elem5t ( m>k$ individual gr[?4 ,we h1 !re=e1 no mat]ials = =m+ any vivid picture ( ,s5eca's *ildhood2 b1 f :at we ga!r ab\t ! circum/ances & ! "* ( 8 family1 we %\ld suppose t he 0 exceptionally =tunate4 ,! ,s5ecas 7 weal?y2 !y held a good position 9 society2 !y 7 a family ( cultivat$ ta/e1 ( lit]>y pursuits1 ( high "*1 & ( amiable dispositions4 ,_! weal? rais$ !m above ! necessity ( ^? mean c>es & degrad+ %ifts to eke out a scanty livelihood :i* m>k ! c>e] ( o!r lit]>y m5 :o 7 _! contempor>ies4 ,_! rank & culture secur$ !m ! intimacy ( all :o 7 be/ wor? kn[+ 9 ,roman circles2 & ! g5]al dignity & morality :i* m>k$ _! lives w\ld free !m f all likelihood ( be+ ?r[n into close int]c\rse ) ! num]\s class ( luxuri\s epicureans1 ^: unblu%+ & unb\nd$ vice gave an infam\s notority to ! capital ( ! _w4 ,( ,m>cus ,annaeus ,s5eca1 ! fa!r ( our philosoph]1 we "k few p]sonal p>ticul>s1 except t he 0 a pr(essional rhetorician1 :o drew up = ! use ( 8 sons & pupils a numb] ( oratorical ex]cises1 :i* h come d[n to u "u ! names ( ,suasoriae & ,controv]siae4 ,!y are a s]ies ( declamatory argum5ts on bo? sides1 respect+ a numb] ( hi/orical or purely imag9>y subjects2 & x w\ld be impossible to conceive any read+ m utt]ly unpr(itable4 ,b ! eld] ,s5eca 0 /eep$ to ! lips 9 an artificial rhetoric2 & ^! highly elaborat$ argum5ts1 inv5t$ 9 ord] to %>p5 ! faculties = purposes ( declamation & debate1 7 probably due p>tly to 8 note-book & p>tly to 8 memory4 ,8 memory 0 s prodigi\s t aft] he>+ two ?\s& words he c\ld repeat !m aga9 9 ! same ord]4 ,few ( ^? :o h possess$ su* extraord9>y p[]s ( memory h be5 m5 ( fir/-rate tal5t1 & ! eld] ,s5eca 0 no exception4 ,b if 8 memory did n improve 8 orig9al g5ius1 x mu/ at any rate h made him a v agreeable memb] ( society1 & h furni%$ him ) an abundant /ore ( p]sonal & political anecdotes4 ,9 %ort1 ,m>cus ,s5eca 0 a well-to-d1 intellig5t man ( ! _w1 ) pl5ty ( common s5se1 ) a turn = public speak+1 ) a pr(\nd dislike & contempt = any?+ :i* he consid]$ philosophical or fanta/ic1 & ) a ke5 eye to ! ma9 advantage4 ,8 wife ,helvia1 if we may tru/ ! panegyric ( h] son1 0 on ! o!r h& a f> less commonplace "*4 ,b = h] husb&'s dislike to le>n+ & philosophy %e w\ld h become a pr(ici5t 9 bo?1 & 9 a %ort p]iod ( /udy %e _h made a consid]able advance4 ,yet h] intellect 0 less rem>kable ?an ! nobility & sweetness ( h] m9d2 o!r mo!rs lov$ _! sons because _! own ambition 0 gratifi$ by _! hon\rs1 & _! fem99e wants suppli$ by _! ri*es2 b ,helvia lov$ h] sons = _! own sakes1 treat$ !m ) lib]al g5]osity1 b refus$ to reap any p]sonal b5efit f _! weal?1 manag$ _! patrimonies ) dis9t]e/$ zeal1 & sp5t h] own money to be> ! exp5ses ( _! political c>e]4 ,%e rose sup]ior to ! foibles & vices ( h] "t4 ,immode/y1 ! plague-spot ( h] age1 _h nev] infect$ h] pure life4 ,gems & pe>ls _h little *>ms = h]4 ,%e 0 nev] a%am$ ( h] *ildr51 z ?\gh _! pres5ce betray$ h] own advanc+ age4 ,y nev] /a9$ y\r face1 says h] son1 :5 writ+ to console h] 9 8 exile1 ) walnut-juice or r\ge2 y nev] delight$ 9 dresses indelicately l[2 y\r s+le ornam5t 0 a lovel9ess :i* no age c\ld de/roy2 y\r special glory 0 a conspicu\s *a/ity4 ,we may well say ) ,mr4 ,t5nyson-- ,happy he ,) su* a "m6 fai? 9 womank9d ,beats ) 8 blood1 & tru/ 9 all ?+s high ,comes easy to him1 &1 ?\gh he trip & fall1 ,he %all n bl9d 8 s\l ) clay4 ,nor 0 8 "m ,helvia ! only high-m9d$ lady 9 ^: society ! boyhood ( ,s5eca 0 sp5t4 ,h] si/]1 ^: "n is unkn[n1 t aunt :o _h s t5d]ly protect$ ! delicate boy1 & nurs$ him ?r\gh ! sickness ( 8 infancy1 seems to h inspir$ him ) an affection ( unusual w>m?4 ,he tells u h[1 :5 h] husb& 0 ,prefect ( ,egypt1 s f> 0 %e f act+ z 0 usual ) ! wives ( prov9cial gov]nors1 t %e 0 z mu* respect$ & belov$ z !y 7 = ! mo/ "p execrat$ & %unn$4 ,s s]i\s 0 ! evil caus$ by ^! ladies1 s intol]able 0 _! cruel rapacity1 t x _h be5 s]i\sly debat$ 9 ! ,s5ate :e!r !y %\ld ev] be all[$ to accompany _! husb&s4 ,n s ) ,helvia's si/]4 ,%e 0 nev] se5 9 public2 %e all[$ no prov9cial to visit h] h\se2 %e begg$ no fav\r = h]self1 & suff]$ none to be begg$ f h]4 ,! prov9ce n only prais$ h]1 b1 :at 0 /ill m to h] cr$it1 b>ely knew any?+ ab\t h]1 & long$ 9 va9 = ano!r lady :o %\ld imitate h] virtue & self-control4 ,egypt 0 ! headqu>t]s = bit+ & loquaci\s calumny1 yet ev5 ,egypt nev] brea!d a ^w aga9/ ! sanctity ( h] life4 ,& :5 dur+ _! homew>d voyage h] husb& di$1 9 spite ( dang] & tempe/ & ! deeply-root$ sup]/ition :i* consid]$ x p]il\s to sail ) a corpse on bo>d1 n ev5 ! imm95t p]il ( %ipwreck c\ld drive h] to sep>ate h]self f h] husb&'s body until %e _h provid$ = its safe & honorable sepul*re4 ,^! are ! traits ( a good & h]oic woman2 & t %e reciprocat$ ! reg>d :i* makes h] nephew s emphatic 9 h] praise may be conjectur$ f ! fact t1 :5 he made 8 db z a c&idate = ! hon\rs ( ! ,/ate1 %e em]g$ f h] habitual seclusion1 laid aside = a "t h] matronly res]ve1 &1 9 ord] to assi/ him 9 8 canvass1 fac$ = 8 sake ! ru/ic imp]t95ce & ambiti\s turbul5ce ( ! cr[ds :o ?rong$ ! ,=um & ! /reets ( ,rome4 ,two bro!rs1 v diff]5t f ea* o!r 9 _! habits & "*1 complet$ ! family circle1 ,m>cus ,annaeus ,novatus & ,lucius ,annaeus ,mela1 ( :om ! =m] 0 old] ! latt] y\ng]1 ?an _! m fam\s bro!r4 ,m>cus ,annaeus ,novatus is kn[n to hi/ory "u ! "n ( ,junius ,gallio1 :i* he took :5 adopt$ by ! orator ( t "n1 :o 0 a fri5d ( 8 fa!r4 ,he is none o!r ?an ! ,gallio ( ! ,acts1 ! ,proconsul ( ,a*aia1 ^: "n has pass$ curr5t among ,*ri/ians z a prov]b ( complac5t indiff]5ce4#b ,footnote #b3 ,acts xxv4 #ai4 ,! sc5e1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ,scripture gives u a glimpse ( him has be5 mu* misund]/ood1 & to talk ( him z c>eless ,gallio1 or to apply ! expression t he c>$ = none ( ^! ?+s1 to indiff]5ce 9 religi\s matt]s1 is entirely to misapply ! _s ( ! n>rative4 ,:at really happ5$ 0 ?is4 ,! ,jews1 indignant at ! success ( ,paul's prea*+1 dragg$ him be=e ! tribunal ( ,gallio1 & accus$ him ( introduc+ illegal modes ( wor%ip4 ,:5 ! ,apo/le 0 ab\t to def5d himself1 ,gallio contemptu\sly cut him %ort by say+ to ! ,jews1 ,if 9 tru? !re 7 9 "q any act ( inju/ice or wick$ misconduct1 ,i %\ld naturally h tol]at$ y\r compla9t4 ,b if ?is is "s v]bal inquiry ab\t m]e te*nical matt]s ( y\r law1 look aft] x y\rselves4 ,i d n *oose to be a judge ( su* matt]s4 ,) ^! words he drove !m f 8 judgm5t-seat ) exactly ! same f9e ,roman contempt = ! ,jews & _! religi\s affairs z 0 subsequ5tly express$ by ,fe/us to ! sceptical ,agrippa1 & z _h be5 express$ previ\sly by ,pontius ,pilate#c to ! tumult\s ,ph>isees4 ,exult+ at ?is discomfiture ( ! hat$ ,jews & app>5tly sid+ ) ,paul1 ! ,greeks !n w5t 9 a body1 seiz$ ,so/h5es1 ! lead] ( ! ,jewi% synagogue1 & beat him 9 full view ( ! ,proconsul seat$ on 8 tribunal4 ,?is 0 ! ev5t at :i* ,gallio look$ on ) su* imp]turbable disda94 ,:at c\ld x possibly matt] to him1 ! great ,proconsul1 :e!r ! ,greeks beat a poor wret* ( a ,jew or n8 ,s long z !y did n make a riot1 or give him any fur!r tr\ble ab\t ! matt]1 !y might beat ,so/h5es or any numb] ( ,jews black & blue if x pleas$ !m1 = all he 0 likely to c>e4 ,footnote #c3 ,matt4 xxvii4 #bd1 ,see ye to x4 ,cf4 ,acts xiv4 #ae1 ,look ye to x4 ,tol]ation exi/$ 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 & ! magi/rates (t5 int]f]$ to protect ! ,jews f massacre2 b !y absolutely & p]si/5tly refus$ to tr\ble !mselves ) any attempt to und]/& _! doctr9es or ent] into _! disputes4 ,! tradition t ,gallio s5t "s ( ,/4 ,paul's writ+s to 8 bro!r ,s5eca is utt]ly absurd2 & inde$ at ?is "t 7,a4,d4 #ed71 ,/4 ,paul _h writt5 no?+ except ! two ,epi/les to ! ,!ssalonians4 7,see ,conybe>e & ,h[son1 ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i4 ,*4 xii42 ,aub]t91 ,snque et ,/4 ,paul47 ,:at a vivid glimpse d we "h obta91 f ! graphic picture ( an eye-witness1 ( ! daily life 9 an anci5t prov9cial =um2 h[ completely d we seem to cat* sight = a mom5t ( t habitual expression ( contempt :i* curl$ ! ?9 lips ( a ,roman ari/ocrat 9 ! pres5ce ( subject nations1 & especially ( ,jews6 ,if ,s5eca _h come across any ( ! ,alex&rian ,jews 9 8 ,egyptian travels1 ! only impression left on 8 m9d 0 t express$ by ,tacitus1 ,juv5al1 & ,suetonius1 :o nev] m5tion ! ,jews )\t execration4 ,9 a passage1 quot$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e 7,de ,civit4 ,dei1 iv4 #aa7 f 8 lo/ book on ,sup]/itions1 ,s5eca speaks ( ! multitude ( _! proselytes1 & calls !m g5s scel]atissima1 a mo/ crim9al race4 ,x has be5 (t5 conjectur$--x has ev5 be5 s]i\sly believ$--t ,s5eca _h p]sonal int]c\rse ) ,/4 ,paul & le>nt f him "s lessons ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! sc5e on :i* we h j be5 gaz+ w %[ u ! utt] unlikelihood ( su* a supposition4 ,probably ! ne>e/ opportunity :i* ev] occurr$ to br+ ! ,*ri/ian ,apo/le into intellectual contact ) ! ,roman philosoph] 0 ?is occasion1 :5 ,/4 ,paul 0 dragg$ z a prison] into ! pres5ce ( ,s5eca's eld] bro!r4 ,! utt] contempt & indiff]5ce ) :i* he 0 treat$1 ! mann] 9 :i* he 0 summ>ily cut %ort be=e he c\ld ev5 op5 8 lips 9 8 own def5ce1 w give u a j e/imate ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,s5eca w\ld h be5 likely to reg>d ,/4 ,paul4 ,x is highly improbable t ,gallio ev] reta9$ ! slighte/ impression or memory ( s e-day a circum/ance z ?is1 by :i* alone he is kn[n to ! _w4 ,x is possible t he _h n ev5 he>d ! m]e "n ( ,paul1 & t1 if he ev] ?\ght ( him at all1 x 0 only z a mis]able1 ragg$1 fanatical ,jew1 ( dim eyes & dim9utive /ature1 :o _h once wi%$ to inflict ^u him a h>angue1 & :o _h once come = a few mom5ts betwixt ! w9d & 8 nobility4 ,he w\ld inde$ h be5 unutt]ably amaz$ if anyone _h :isp]$ to him t well nigh ! sole circum/ance :i* w\ld entitle him to be rememb]$ by po/]ity1 & ! sole ev5t ( 8 life by :i* he w\ld be at all g5]ally kn[n1 0 t mom5t>y & accid5tal relation to 8 despis$ prison]4 ,b ,novatus--or1 to give him 8 adopt$ "n1 ,gallio--pres5t$ to 8 bro!r ,s5eca1 & to ! re/ ( ! _w1 a v diff]5t aspect f t "u :i* we are wont to ?9k ( him4 ,by !m he 0 reg>d$ z an illu/ri\s declaim]1 9 an age :5 declamation 0 ! mo/ valu$ ( all accompli%m5ts4 ,x 0 true t !re 0 a sort ( t9kle1 a c]ta9 falsetto tone 9 8 /yle1 :i* (f5d$ m5 ( robu/ & sev]e ta/e2 b ?is m]etrici\s resonance ( /yle 0 a matt] ( envy & admiration :5 affectation 0 ! rage1 & :5 ! times 7 too en]vat$ & too corrupt = ! manly concis5ess & conc5trat$ =ce ( an eloqu5ce dictat$ by lib]ty & by passion4 ,he seems to h acquir$ bo? among 8 fri5ds & among /rang]s ! epi!t ( dulcis1 ! *>m+ or fasc9at+ ,gallio3 ,?is is m1 says ! poet ,/atius1 ?an to h giv5 ,s5eca to ! _w1 & to h begott5 ! sweet ,gallio4 ,s5eca's portrait ( him is s+ul>ly faultless4 ,he says t no "o 0 s g5tle to any "o z ,gallio 0 to e "o2 t 8 *>m ( mann] won ov] ev5 ! p :om m]e *ance ?rew 9 8 way1 & t su* 0 ! =ce ( 8 natural goodness t no "o suspect$ 8 behavi\r1 z ?\gh x 7 due to art or simulation4 ,speak+ ( flatt]y1 9 8 f\r? book ( ,natural ,que/ions1 he says to 8 fri5d ,lucilius1 ,i us$ to say to y t my bro!r ,gallio 7:om e "o loves a little1 ev5 p :o _c love him m7 0 :olly ignorant ( o!r vices1 b ev5 dete/$ ?is4 ,y might try him 9 any direction4 ,y began to praise 8 intellect--an intellect ( ! highe/ & wor?ie/ k9d1444 & he walk$ away6 ,y began to praise 8 mod]ation1 he in/antly cut %ort y\r fir/ words4 ,y began to express admiration = 8 bl&ness & natural suavity ( mann]1444 yet ev5 "h he resi/$ y\r complim5ts2 & if y 7 l$ to exclaim t y _h f\nd a man :o c\ld n be ov]come by ^? insidi\s attacks :i* e "o else admits1 & hop$ t he w\ld at lea/ tol]ate ?is complim5t because ( its tru?1 ev5 on ?is gr\nd he w\ld resi/ y\r flatt]y2 n z ?\gh y _h be5 awkw>d1 or z ?\gh he suspect$ t y 7 je/+ ) him1 or _h "s secret end 9 view1 b simply because he _h a horror ( e =m ( adulation4 ,we c easily imag9e t ,gallio 0 ,s5eca's favorite bro!r1 & we are n surpris$ to f9d t ! philosoph] d$icates to him 8 ?ree books on ,ang]1 & 8 *>m+ little treatise ,on a ,happy ,life4 ,( ! ?ird bro!r1 ,l4 ,annaeus ,mela1 we h few] notices2 b1 f :at we "k1 we %\ld conjecture t 8 "* no less ?an 8 reputation 0 inf]ior to t ( 8 bro!rs2 yet he seems to h be5 ! favorite ( 8 fa!r1 :o di/9ctly ass]ts t 8 intellect 0 capable ( e excell5ce1 & sup]ior to t ( 8 bro!rs4#d ,?is1 h[ev]1 may h be5 because ,mela1 long+ only to long = no?+1 0 cont5t ) 8 fa!r's rank1 & devot$ himself :olly to ! /udy ( eloqu5ce4 ,in/ead ( ent]+ into public life1 he delib]ately )drew himself f all civil duties1 & devot$ himself to tranquility & ease4 ,app>5tly he pref]r$ to be a f>m]-g5]al 7publicanus7 & n a consul4 ,8 *ief fame re/s 9 ! fact t he 0 fa!r ( ,lucan1 ! poet ( ! decad5ce or decl9+ lit]ature ( ,rome4 ,! only anecdote ab\t him :i* has come d[n to u is "o t sets 8 av>ice 9 a v unfav\rable light4 ,:5 8 fam\s son1 ! unhappy poet1 _h =feit$ 8 life1 z well z cov]$ himself ) infamy by d5\nc+ 8 own "m ,attila 9 ! conspiracy ( ,piso1 ,mela1 in/ead ( be+ ov]:elm$ ) %ame & agony1 imm$iately began to collect ) indec5t avidity 8 son's debts1 z ?\gh to %[ ,n]o t he felt no great sorr[ = 8 b]eavem5t4 ,b ?is 0 n en\gh = ,n]o's malice2 he told ,mela t he mu/ foll[ 8 son1 & ,mela 0 =c$ to obey ! ord]1 & to die4 ,footnote #d3 ,m4 ,ann4 ,s5ec4 ,controv4 ii4 ,praef4 ,d\btless ,helvia1 if %e surviv$ h] sons & gr&sons1 mu/ h bitt]ly ru$ ! day :51 ) h] husb& & h] "y *ildr51 %e left ! quiet retreat ( a life 9 ,cordova4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree boys grew up to a man ( g5ius1 & ea* ( !m grew up to /a9 8 memory ) de$s t _h be5 bett] left undone1 & to die viol5t dea?s by _! own h&s or by a tyrant's w4 ,mela di$ z we h se52 8 son ,lucan & 8 bro!r ,s5eca 7 driv5 to dea? by ! cruel ord]s ( ,n]o4 ,gallio1 aft] /oop+ to panic-/rick5 supplications = 8 pres]vation1 di$ ultimately by suicide4 ,x 0 a %ameful & mis]able end = !m all1 b x 0 due p>tly to _! own errors1 p>tly to ! h>d necessity ( ! degrad$ times 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,education ,,( ,,s5eca4 ,= a reason :i* ,i h already indicat$--,i mean ! habitual retic5ce ( ! anci5t writ]s respect+ ! p]iod ( _! boyhood--x is n easy to =m a v vivid conception ( ! k9d ( education giv5 to a ,roman boy ( good family up to ! age ( fifte51 :5 he laid aside ! gold5 amulet & embroid]$ toga to assume a m indep5d5t mode ( life4 ,a few facts1 h[ev]1 we c ga!r f ! scatt]$ allusions ( ! poets ,horace1 ,juv5al1 ,m>tial1 & ,p]sius4 ,f ^! we le>n t ! s*oolma/]s 7 = ! mo/ "p und]paid & despis$1#e :ile at ! same "t an erudition alike m9ute & useless 0 rigidly dem&$ ( !m4 ,we le>n also t !y 7 exce$+ly sev]e 9 ! infliction ( corporeal puni%m5t2 ,orbilius1 ! s*oolma/] ( ,horace1 appe>s to h be5 a p]fect ,dr4 ,busby1 & ! poet ,m>tial records ) indignation ! b>b>ities ( *a/isem5t :i* he daily witness$4 ,footnote #e3 ,= ! mis]ies ( ! lit]>y class1 & especially ( s*oolma/]s1 see ,juv1 ,sat4 vii4 ,! ?+s taught 7 *iefly ari?metic1 gramm>--bo? ,greek & ,lat9--read+1 & repetition ( ! *ief ,lat9 poets4 ,!re 0 also a good deal ( recitation & ( !me-writ+ on all k9ds ( trite hi/orical subjects4 ,! ari?metic seems to h be5 ma9ly ( a v simple & sev]ely practical k9d1 especially ! computation ( int]e/ & comp\nd int]e/2 & ! philology g5]ally1 bo? gramm> & criticism1 0 s+ul>ly n>r[1 un9t]e/+1 & useless4 ,( :at conceivable advantage c x h be5 to any human be+ to "k ! "n ( ! "m ( ,hecuba1 ( ! nurse ( ,an*ises1 ( ! /epmo!r ( ,an*emolus1 ! numb] ( ye>s ,ace/es liv$1 & h[ _m casks ( w9e ! ,sicilians gave to ! ,phrygians8 ,yet ^! 7 ! dispicable m9utiae :i* e s*oolma/] 0 !n expect$ to h at 8 f+]s' ends1 & e boy-s*ol> to le>n at ! po9t ( ! f]ule--tra% :i* 0 only fit to be unle>n$ ! mom5t x 0 kn[n4 ,= ?is k9d ( v]bal criticism & fanta/ic ar*aeology ,s5eca1 :o _h probably gone ?r\gh x all1 expresses a pr(\nd & v rational contempt4 ,9 a r amus+ passage#f he contra/s ! k9d ( use :i* w\ld be made ( a ,virgil lesson by a philosoph] & a gramm>ian4 ,com+ to ! l9es1 ,ea* happie/ day = mortals spe$s ! fir/1 ,!n cr[ds disease beh9d & age accur/1 ! philosoph] w po9t out :y & 9 :at s5se ! e>ly days ( life are ! be/ days1 & h[ rapidly ! evil days succe$ !m1 & consequ5tly h[ inf9itely important x is to use well ! gold5 dawn ( our be+4 ,b ! v]bal critic w cont5t himself ) ! rem>k t ,virgil always uses fugio ( ! flight ( "t1 & always jo9s old age ) disease1 & consequ5tly t ^! are tags to be rememb]$1 & plagi>iz$ h]eaft] 9 ! pupils' orig9al composition4 ,simil>ly1 if ! book 9 h& be ,cic]o's treatise ,on ! ,commonweal?1 in/ead ( ent]+ into great political que/ions1 our gramm>ian w note t "o ( ! ,roman k+s _h no fa!r 7to speak (71 & ano!r no "m2 t dictators us$ =m]ly to be call$ ma/]s ( ! p2 t ,romulus p]i%$ dur+ an eclipse2 t ! old =m ( reipsa 0 reapse1 & ( se ipse 0 sepse2 t ! />t+ po9t 9 ! circus :i* is n[ call$ creta1 or *alk1 us$ to be call$ caix1 or c>c]2 t 9 ! "t ( ,ennuis op]a meant n only "w1 b also assi/ance1 & s on1 & s on4 ,is ?is true education8 or r1 %\ld our great aim ev] be to translate noble precepts into daily action8 ,tea* me1 he says1 to despise pleasure & glory2 aft]w>ds y %all tea* me to dis5tangle difficulties1 to di/+ui% ambiguities1 to see ?r\gh obscurities2 n[ tea* me :at is necess>y4 ,consid]+ ! condition ( mu* :i* 9 mod]n times passes "u ! "n ( education1 we may possibly f9d t ! h9ts ( ,s5eca are n yet :olly obsolete4 ,footnote #f3 ,ep4 cviii4 ,:at k9d ( s*oolma/] taught ! little ,s5eca :5 "u ! c>e ( ! slave :o 0 call$ p$agogus1 or a boy-lead] 7:5ce our ^w p$agogue71 he daily w5t ) 8 bro!rs to s*ool ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,rome1 we d n "k4 ,he may h be5 a sev]e ,orbilius1 or he may h be5 "o ( ^? noble-m9d$ tutors ^: ideal portraiture is drawn 9 su* beautiful col\rs by ! le>n$ & amiable ,qu9tilian4 ,s5eca has n allud$ to any "o :o taught him dur+ 8 e>ly days4 ,! only s*oolfell[ :om he m5tions by "n 9 8 volum9\s writ+s is a c]ta9 ,cl>anus1 a de=m$ boy1 :om1 aft] leav+ s*ool1 ,s5eca nev] met aga9 until !y 7 bo? old m51 b ( :om he speaks ) great admiration4 ,9 spite ( 8 hump-back1 ,cl>anus appe>$ ev5 beautiful 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o knew him well1 because 8 virtue & good s5se left a /rong] impression ?an 8 de=mity1 & 8 body 0 adorn$ by ! beauty ( 8 s\l4 ,x 0 n until m]e s*ool-lessons 7 f9i%$ t a boy began s]i\sly to ent] ^u ! /udies ( eloqu5ce & philosophy1 :i* !re=e furni% "s analogy to :at we %\ld call a univ]sity education4 ,gallio & ,mela1 ,s5eca's eld] & y\ng] bro!rs1 devot$ !mselves he>t & s\l to ! !ory & practice ( eloqu5ce2 ,s5eca made ! r>] & ! wis] *oice 9 giv+ 8 entire en?usiasm to ! /udy ( philosophy4 ,i say ! wis] *oice1 because eloqu5ce is n a ?+ = :i* "o c give a receipt z "o might give a receipt = mak+ eau-de-,cologne4 ,eloqu5ce is ! noble1 ! h>moni\s1 ! passionate expression ( tru?s pr(\ndly realiz$1 or ( emotions int5sely felt4 ,x is a flame :i* _c be k9dl$ by artificial means4 ,rhetoric may be taught if any "o ?9ks x wor? le>n+2 b eloqu5ce is a gift z innate z ! g5ius f :i* x spr+s4 ,cujus vita fulgur1 ejus v]ba tonitrua--if a man's life be lightn+1 8 words w be ?und]s4 ,b ! k9d ( oratory to be obta9$ by a con/ant practice ( declamation su* z t :i* occupi$ ! s*ools ( ! ,rhetors w be a v artificial lightn+ & a v imitat$ ?und]--n ! artill]y ( heav51 b ! ,*9ese fire & roll$ bladd]s ( ! /age4 ,no?+ c\ld be m false1 m holl[1 m p]nici\s ?an ! p]petual attempt to drill num]\s classes ( y\?s into a reproduction ( ! m]e mann] ( ! anci5t orators4 ,an age ( unlimit$ declamation1 an age ( incessant talk1 is a hotb$ 9 :i* real dep? & nobility ( feel+ runs mis]ably to se$4 ,/yle is nev] worse ?an x is 9 ages :i* employ !mselves 9 tea*+ little else4 ,su* tea*+ produces an empt9ess ( ?\ght conceal$ "u a ple?ora ( words4 ,?is age ( c\ntless oratorical ma/]s 0 emphatically ! p]iod ( decad5ce & decay4 ,!re is a holl[ r+ ab\t x1 a falsetto tone 9 its voice2 a fatigu+ lit]>y grimace 9 ! mann] ( its au?ors4 ,ev5 its writ]s ( g5ius 7 injur$ & corrupt$ by ! prevail+ mode4 ,!y c say no?+ simply2 !y are always 9 contortions4 ,_! v indignation & bitt]ness ( he>t1 g5u9e z x is1 assumes a !atrical =m ( expression4#g ,!y ab\nd 9 unrealities3 _! :ole mann] is defac$ ) w\ld-be cleav]ness1 ) anti!ses1 epigrams1 p>adoxes1 =c$ expressions1 figures & tricks ( spee*1 /ra9+ aft] orig9ality & pr(undity :5 !y are m]ely repeat+ v commonplace rem>ks4 ,:at else c\ld "o expect 9 an age ( sal>i$ declaim]s1 educat$ 9 a false atmosph]e ( sup]ficial talk1 = ev] h>angu+ & p]orat+ ab\t great passions :i* !y _h nev] felt1 & great de$s :i* !y w\ld h be5 ! la/ to imitate8 ,aft] p]petually immolat+ ! ,t>qu9s & ! ,pisi/ratids 9 inflat$ gr&iloqu5ce1 !y w\ld g to lick ! du/ (f a tyrant's %oes4 ,h[ c\ld eloqu5ce survive :5 ! magnanimity & fre$om :i* inspir$ x 7 dead1 & :5 ! m5 & books :i* pr(ess$ to tea* x 7 fill$ ) despicable directions ab\t ! exact position 9 :i* ! orator 0 to use 8 h&s1 & z to :e!r x 0 a good ?+ or n = him to slap 8 =ehead & dis>range 8 hair8 ,footnote #g3 ,juvnal1 lev dans les cris de l'cole ,p\ssa jusqu' l'excs sa mordante hyp]bole4-- ,,boileau4 ,! philosophic tea*+ :i* ev5 f boyhood ex]cis$ a p[]ful fasc9ation on ! eag] s\l ( ,s5eca 0 at lea/ some?+ bett] ?an ?is2 & m ?an "o ( 8 philosophic tea*]s succe$$ 9 w9n+ 8 w>m affection1 & 9 m\ld+ ! pr9ciples & habits ( 8 life4 ,two ( !m he m5tions ) special reg>d1 namely ,sotion ! ,py?agorean1 & ,attalus ! ,/oic4 ,he also he>d ! lectures ( ! flu5t & musical ,fabianus ,papirius1 b seems to h ow$ less to him ?an to 8 o!r tea*]s4 ,sotion _h embrac$ ! views ( ,py?agoras respect+ ! transmigration ( s\ls1 a doctr9e :i* made ! eat+ ( animal food little bett] ?an cannibalism or p>ricide4 ,b1 ev5 if any ( 8 foll[]s reject$ ?is view1 ,sotion w\ld /ill ma9ta9 t ! eat+ ( animals1 if n an impiety1 0 at lea/ a cruelty & a wa/e4 ,:at h>d%ip does my advice inflict on y8 he us$ to ask4 ,i d b deprive y ( ! food ( vultures & lions4 ,! ard5t boy--= at ?is "t he c\ld n h be5 m ?an sev5te5 ye>s old--0 s conv9c$ by ^! consid]ations t he became a veget>ian4 ,at fir/ ! ab/95ce f meat 0 pa9ful1 b aft] a ye> he tells u 7& _m veget>ians w confirm 8 exp]i5ce7 x 0 n only easy b delightful2 & he us$ to believe1 ?\gh he w\ld n ass]t x z a fact1 t x made 8 intellect m ke5 & active4 ,he only ceas$ to be a veget>ian 9 ob$i5ce to ! remon/rance ( 8 unphilosophical fa!r1 :o w\ld h easily tol]at$ :at he reg>d$ z a m]e vag>y _h x n involv$ ! dang] ( giv+ rise to a calumny4 ,= ab\t ?is "t ,tib]ius bani%$ f ,rome all ! foll[]s ( /range & =eign religions2 &1 z fa/+ 0 "o ( ! rites practic$ 9 "s ( !m1 ,s5eca's fa!r ?\ght t p]haps 8 son might incur1 by ab/a9+ f meat1 ! horrible suspicion ( be+ a ,*ri/ian or a ,jew6 ,ano!r ,py?agorean philosoph] :om he admir$ & :om he quotes 0 ,sextius1 f :om he le>nt ! admirable practice ( daily self-exam9ation3--,:5 ! day 0 ov]1 & he betook himself to 8 nightly re/1 he us$ to ask himself1 ,:at evil h y cur$ to day8 ,:at vice h y resi/$8 ,9 :at p>ticul> h y improv$8 ,i too adopt ?is cu/om1 says ,s5eca1 9 8 book on ,ang]1 & ,i daily plead my cause be=e myself1 :5 ! light has be5 tak5 away1 & my wife1 :o is n[ aw>e ( my habit1 has become sil5t2 ,i c>efully consid] 9 my he>t ! entire day1 & take a delib]ate e/imate ( my de$s & words4 ,x 0 h[ev] ! ,/oic ,attalus :o seems to h _h ! ma9 %>e 9 ! in/ruction ( ,s5eca2 & 8 tea*+ did n involve any practical results :i* ! eld] ,s5eca consid]$ objectionable4 ,he tells u h[ he us$ to haunt ! s*ool ( ! eloqu5t philosoph]1 be+ ! fir/ to ent] & ! la/ to leave x4 ,:5 ,i he>d him declaim+1 he says1 aga9/ vice1 & error1 & ! ills ( life1 ,i (t5 felt compassion = ! human race1 & believ$ my tea*] to be exalt$ above ! ord9>y /ature ( mank9d4 ,9 ,/oic fa%ion he us$ to call himself a k+2 b to me 8 sov]eignty seem$ m ?an royal1 see+ t x 0 9 8 p[] to pass 8 judgm5ts on k+s !mselves4 ,:5 he began to set =? ! praises ( pov]ty1 & to %[ h[ heavy & sup]flu\s 0 ! burd5 ( all t exce$$ ! ord9>y wants ( life1 ,i (t5 long$ to leave s*ool a poor man4 ,:5 he began to repreh5d our pleasures1 to praise a *a/e body1 a mod]ate table1 & a m9d pure n f all unlawful b ev5 f all sup]flu\s pleasures1 x 0 my delight to set /rict limits to all voracity & gluttony4 ,& ^! precepts1 my ,lucilius1 h left "s p]man5t results2 = ,i embrac$ !m ) impetu\s eag]ness1 & aft]w>ds1 :5 ,i ent]$ ^u a political c>e]1 ,i reta9$ a few ( my good beg9n+s4 ,9 consequ5ce ( !m1 ,i h all my life long r5\nc$ eat+ oy/]s & mu%rooms1 :i* d n satisfy hung] b only %>p5 appetite2 = ?is reason ,i habitually ab/a9 f p]fumes1 because ! sweete/ p]fume = ! body is none at all3 = ?is reason ,i d )\t w9es & ba?s4 ,o!r habits :i* ,i once ab&on$ h come back to me1 b 9 su* a way t ,i m]ely sub/itute mod]ation = ab/95ce1 :i* p]haps is a /ill m difficult task2 s9ce !re are "s ?+s :i* x is easi] = ! m9d to cut away altoge!r ?an to enjoy 9 mod]ation4 ,attalus us$ to recomm5d a h>d c\* 9 :i* ! body c\ld n s9k2 &1 ev5 9 my old age1 ,i use "o ( su* a k9d t x leaves no impress ( ! sleep]4 ,i h told y ^! anecdotes to prove to y :at eag] impulses our little s*ol>s w\ld h to all t is good1 if any "o 7 to exhort !m & urge !m on4 ,b ! h>m spr+s p>tly f ! fault ( preceptors1 :o tea* u h[ to argue1 n h[ to live2 & p>tly f ! fault ( pupils1 :o br+ to _! tea*] a purpose ( tra9+ _! intellect & n _! s\ls4 ,?us x is t philosophy has be5 degrad$ into m]e philology4 ,9 ano!r lively passage1 ,s5eca br+s vividly be=e u a picture ( ! v>i\s s*ol>s assembl$ 9 a s*ool ( ! philosoph]s4 ,aft] obs]v+ t philosophy ex]cises "s influ5ce ev5 ov] ^? :o d n g deeply 9 x1 j z p sitt+ 9 a %op ( p]fumes c>ry away ) !m "s ( ! od\r1 he adds1 ,d we n1 h[ev]1 "k "s :o h be5 among ! audi5ce ( a philosoph] = _m ye>s1 & h be5 ev5 entirely uncol\r$ by 8 tea*+8 ,( c\rse ,i d1 ev5 mo/ p]si/5t & cont9u\s he>]s2 :om ,i d n call pupils1 b m]e pass+ auditors ( philosoph]s4 ,"s come to he>1 n to le>n1 j z we are br\ght into a !atre = pleasure's sake1 to delight our e>s ) language1 or ) ! voice1 or ) plays4 ,y w obs]ve a l>ge portion ( ! audi5ce to :om ! philosoph]'s s*ool is a m]e haunt ( _! leisure4 ,_! object is n to lay aside any vices !re1 or to accept any law 9 accordance ) :i* !y may con=m _! life1 b t !y may enjoy a m]e tickl+ ( _! e>s4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 ev5 come ) tablets 9 _! h&s1 to cat* up n ?+s b words4 ,"s ) eag] c\nt5ances & spirits are k9dl$ by magnific5t utt]ances1 & ^! are *>m$ by ! beauty ( ! ?\ghts1 n by ! s\nd ( empty words2 b ! impression is n la/+4 ,few only h atta9$ ! p[] ( c>ry+ home ) !m ! frame ( m9d into :i* !y _h be5 elevat$4 ,x 0 to ?is small latt] class t ,s5eca belong$4 ,he became a ,/oic f v e>ly ye>s4 ,! ,/oic philosoph]s1 und\bt$ly ! noble/ & pure/ ( anci5t sects1 receiv$ _! "n f ! fact t _! f\nd] ,z5o _h lectur$ 9 ! ,pa9t$ ,por* or ,/oa ,paecile ( ,a!ns4 ,! influ5ce ( ^! au/]e & eloqu5t ma/]s1 tea*+ high lessons ( morality & cont95ce1 & inspir+ _! "y audi5ce ) ! gl[ ( _! own en?usiasm = virtue1 mu/ h be5 invaluable 9 t effete & drunk5 age4 ,_! doctr9es 7 pu%$ to yet m extravagant l5g?s by ! ,cynics1 :o 7 s call$ f a ,greek ^w mean+ dog1 f :at appe>$ to ! anci5ts to be ! dog-l brutality ( _! mann]s4 ,juv5al scornfully rem>ks1 t ! ,/oics only diff]$ f ! ,cynics by a tunic1 :i* ! ,/oics wore & ! ,cynics disc>d$4 ,s5eca nev] inde$ adopt$ ! practices ( ,cynicism1 b he (t5 speaks admir+ly ( ! ar*-,cynic ,diog5es1 & repeat$ly ref]s to ! ,cynic ,demetrius1 z a man des]v+ ( ! v highe/ e/eem4 ,i take ) me ev]y:]e1 writes he to ,lucilius1 t be/ ( m51 ,demetrius2 &1 leav+ ^? :o we> purple robes1 ,i talk ) him :o is half nak$4 ,:y %\ld ,i n admire him8 ,i h se5 t he has no want4 ,any "o may despise all ?+s1 b no "o c possess all ?+s4 ,! %orte/ road to ri*es lies ?r\gh contempt ( ri*es4 ,b our ,demetrius lives n z ?\gh he despis$ all ?+s1 b z ?\gh he simply suff]$ o!rs to possess !m4 ,^! habits & s5tim5ts ?r[ consid]able light on ,s5eca's "*4 ,!y %[ t ev5 f 8 e>lie/ days he 0 capable ( adopt+ self-d5ial z a pr9ciple1 & t to 8 late/ days he reta9$ _m private habits ( a simple & hon\rable "*1 ev5 :5 ! exig5cies ( public life _h compell$ him to modify o!rs4 ,al?\gh he ab&on$ an unusual ab/95ce out ( respect = 8 fa!r1 we h positive evid5ce t he resum$ 9 8 old age ! sp>e practices :i* 9 8 en?usia/ic y\? he _h caught f ! lessons ( high-m9d$ tea*]s4 ,^! facts are surely suffici5t to refute at any rate ^? gross *>ges aga9/ ! private "* ( ,s5eca1 v5om\sly retail$ by a jeal\s ,greekl+ l ,dio ,cassius1 :i* d n re/ on a tittle ( evid5ce1 & seem to be due to a m]e _s ( envy & calumny4 ,i %all n aga9 allude to ^! sc&als because ,i utt]ly disbelieve !m4 ,a man :o 9 8 ,hi/ory c\ld1 z ,dio ,cassius has done1 put into ! m\? ( a ,roman s5ator su* insane falsehoods z he has pret5d$ t ,fufius ,cal5us utt]$ 9 full s5ate aga9/ ,cic]o1 0 evid5tly actuat$ by a _s :i* dis5titles 8 /atem5ts to my cr$5ce4 ,s5eca 0 an inconsi/5t philosoph] bo? 9 !ory & 9 practice2 he fell beyond all "q into s]i\s errors1 :i* deeply compromise 8 "*2 b1 s f> f be+ a dissipat$ or luxuri\s man1 !re is e reason to believe t 9 ! v mid/ ( weal? & spl5d\r1 & all ! temptations :i* !y involve1 he reta9$ alike ! simplicity ( 8 habits & ! rectitude ( 8 m9d4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! almo/ fabul\s value ( 8 five hundr$ tables ( c$> & ivory1 !y 7 r>ely spread ) any m sumptu\s ent]ta9m5t ?an wat]1 vegetables1 & fruit4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! amusem5ts common among 8 weal?y & noble contempor>ies1 we "k t he f\nd 8 highe/ enjoym5t 9 ! innoc5t pleasures ( 8 g>d51 & took "s ( 8 ex]cise by runn+ races !re ) a little slave4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,roman ,,society4 ,we h glean$ f ,s5eca's own writ+s :at facts we c\ld respect+ 8 e>ly education4 ,b 9 ! life ( e man !re are influ5ces ( a f> m real & p5etrat+ "* ?an ^? :i* come ?r\gh ! m$ium ( s*ools or tea*]s4 ,! _s ( ! age2 ! g5]al tone ( ?\ght1 ! preval5t habits ( social int]c\rse1 ! political t5d5cies :i* 7 m\ld+ ! de/9y ( ! nation1--^! mu/ h told1 m ins5sibly inde$ b m p[]fully1 on ! m9d ( ,s5eca ?an ev5 ! lectures ( ,sotion & ( ,attalus4 ,&1 if we h _h reason to fe> t !re 0 mu* :i* 0 holl[ 9 ! fa%ionable education1 we %all see t ! g5]al aspect ( ! society by :i* our "y philosoph] 0 surr\nd$ f ! cradle 0 yet m injuri\s & deplorable4 ,! d>kness is deepe/ j be=e ! dawn1 & nev] did a gross] d>kness or a ?ick] mi/ ( moral pe/il5ce brood ov] ! surface ( ,pagan society ?an at ! p]iod :5 ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness arose ) heal+ 9 ,8 w+s4 ,!re h be5 _m ages :5 ! d5se gloom ( a he>tless immorality seem$ to settle d[n ) unusual weight2 !re h be5 _m places :]e1 "u ! gaslight ( an artificial sy/em1 vice has seem$ to acquire an unusual audacity2 b nev] probably 0 !re any age or any place :]e ! wor/ =ms ( wick$ness 7 practic$ ) a m unblu%+ effront]y ?an 9 ! city ( ,rome "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,caes>s4 ,a deeply-seat$ corruption seem$ to h fa/5$ ^u ! v vitals ( ! national exi/5ce4 ,x is surely a lesson ( deep moral significance t j z !y became mo/ poli%$ 9 _! luxury !y became mo/ vile 9 _! mann] ( life4 ,horace _h already bewail$ t ! age ( our fa!rs1 worse ?an t ( our gr&sires1 has produc$ u :o are yet bas]1 & :o are doom$ to give bir? to a /ill m degrad$ (fspr+4 ,b fifty ye>s lat] x seem$ to ,juv5al t 9 8 times ! v f9al goal ( iniquity _h be5 atta9$1 & he exclaims1 9 a bur/ ( despair1 t po/]ity w add no?+ to our immorality2 our desc5d5ts c b d & desire ! same crimes z ourselves4 ,he :o w\ld see b = a mom5t & af> (f to :at ! ,g5tile _w _h sunk1 at ! v p]iod :5 ,*ri/ianity began to spread1 may =m "s fa9t & %udd]+ conception f ! picture ( x drawn 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,we ought to realize ?is fact if we w\ld judge ( ,s5eca aright4 ,let u !n glance at ! condition ( ! society 9 ! mid/ ( :i* he liv$4 ,happily we c b glance at x4 ,! wor/ _c be told4 ,crimes may be spok5 (2 b ?+s mon/r\s & inhuman %\ld = ev] be conceal$4 ,we c b /& at ! cav]n's m\?1 & ca/ a s+le ray ( light into its d>k dep?s4 ,7 we to ent]1 our lamp w\ld be qu5*$ by ! f\l ?+s :i* w\ld clu/] r\nd x4 ,9 ! age ( ,augu/us began t long sl[ agony1 t melan*oly process ( a society gradually go+ to pieces "u ! dissolv+ influ5ce ( its own vices :i* la/$ almo/ )\t int]ruption till no?+ 0 left = ,rome except ! fire & sword ( b>b>ic invasions4 ,%e saw n only h] glories b also h] virtues /> by /> expire4 ,! old h]oism1 ! old beliefs1 ! old manl9ess & simplicity1 7 dead & gone2 !y _h be5 succe$$ by pro/ration & sup]/ition by luxury & lu/4 ,!re is ! moral ( all human tales1 ',tis b ! same rehe>sal ( ! pa/1 ,fir/ fre$om1 & !n glory2 :5 t fails1 ,weal?1 vice1 corruption1--b>b>ism at la/3 ,& hi/ory1 ) all h] volumes va/1 ,ha? b "o page2 'tis bett] writt5 "h ,:]e gorge\s tyranny ha? ?us amass$ ,all treasures1 all delights1 t eye or e>1 ,he>t1 s\l c\ld seek1 tongue ask4 ,! m]e elem5ts ( society at ,rome dur+ ?is p]iod 7 v unpromis+4 ,x 0 a mixture ( extremes4 ,!re 0 no middle class4 ,at ! head ( x 0 an emp]or1 (t5 deifi$ 9 8 lifetime1 & sep>at$ f ev5 ! noble/ ( ! s5ators by a di/ance ( immeasurable sup]iority4 ,he1 01 9 ! />tl+ language ( ,gibbon1 at once a prie/1 an a!i/1 & a god4 #h ,surr\nd+ 8 p]son & =m+ 8 c\rt 7 usually ^? ( ! nobility :o 7 ! mo/ absolutely degrad$ by _! vices1 _! flatt]ies1 or _! abject subs]vi5ce4 ,b ev5 ^! m5 7 n commonly ! repositories ( political p[]4 ,! p ( ! greate/ influ5ce 7 ! fre$m5 ( ! emp]ors--m5 :o _h be5 slaves1 ,egyptians & ,bi?ynians :o _h come to ,rome ) bor$ e>s & ) *alk on _! nak$ feet to %[ t !y 7 = sale1 or :o _h bawl$ sea-ur*9s all alive 9 ! ,velabrum or ! ,saburra--:o _h acquir$ enorm\s weal? by means (t5 ! mo/ unscrupul\s & ! mo/ degrad$1 & ^: insol5ce & bas5ess _h kept pace ) _! rise to p[]4 ,su* a man 0 ! ,felix be=e :om ,/4 ,paul 0 tri$1 & su* 0 8 bro!r ,pallas1#i ^: gold5 /atue might h be5 se5 among ! h\sehold gods ( ! s5ator1 aft]w>ds ! emp]or1 ,vitellius4 ,ano!r ( !m might (t5 h be5 obs]v$ p>ad+ ! /reets betwe5 two consuls4 ,imag9e an ,edw>d ,,ii4 end[$ ) absolute & unque/ion$ p[]s ( tyranny1--imag9e "s pe/il5t ,pi]s ,gave/on1 or ,hugh de le ,sp5s] ex]cis+ ov] nobles & p a hide\s despotism ( ! back /airs1--& y h "s fa9t picture ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,rome "u "s ( ! twelve ,caes>s4 ,:at ! b>b] ,olivi] le ,diable 0 "u ,l\is ,,xi41 :at ,mesdames du ,b>ri & ,pompad\r 7 "u ,l\is ,,xv41 :at ! infam\s ,e>l ( ,som]set 0 "u ,james ,i41 :at ,george ,villi]s became "u ,*>les ,i41 w furni% u ) a fa9t analogy ( ! f> m exagg]at$ & dete/able position held by ! fre$man ,glabrio "u ,domitian1 by ! actor ,tigell9us "u ,n]o1 by ,pallus & ,n>cissus "u ,claudius1 by ! obscure knight ,sejanus "u ! iron tyranny ( ! gloomy ,tib]ius4 ,footnote #h3 ,to ! s\nd ,( fifes & drums !y danc$1 or 9 ! %ade ,sung ,caes> great & t]rible 9 w>1 ,immortal ,caes>6 ',lo1 a god6 a god6 ,he cleaves ! yield+ skies6' ,caes> mean:ile ,ga!rs ! ocean pebbles1 or ! gnat ,enrag$ pursues2 or at 8 lonely meal ,/>ves a wide prov9ce2 ta/es1 dislikes1 & fl+s ,to dogs & sycophants4 ',a god6 a god6' ,! fl[]y %ades & %r9es obsc5e return4 ,,dy]1 ,ru9s ( ,rome4 ,footnote #i3 ,! pride ( ?is man 0 su* t he nev] deign$ to speak a ^w 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 own slaves1 b only made kn[n 8 wi%es by signs6--,,tacitus4 ,i4 ,x 0 an age ( ! mo/ enorm\s weal? exi/+ side by side ) ! mo/ abject pov]ty4 ,ar\nd ! spl5did palaces w&]$ hundr$s ( m5dicants1 :o made ( _! m5dicity a horrible trade1 & ev5 w5t s f> z to /eal or mutilate infants 9 ord] to move compassion by _! hide\s maladies4 ,?is class 0 increas$ by ! exposure ( *ildr51 & by t ov]gr[n accumulation ( l&$ prop]ty :i* drove ! poor f _! native fields4 ,x 0 increas$ also by ! ambiti\s attempt ( p ^: means 7 mod]ate to imitate ! enorm\s display ( ! num]\s millionaires4 ,! great ,roman conque/s 9 ! ,ea/1 ! plund] ( ! anci5t k+doms ( ,antio*us1 ( ,attalus1 ( ,mi?ridates1 _h caus$ a turbid /ream ( weal? to fl[ into ! sob] curr5t ( ,roman life4 ,"o reads ) sil5t a/oni%m5t ( ! sums exp5d$ by weal?y ,romans on _! magnific5ce or _! pleasures4 ,& z comm]ce 0 consid]$ d]ogatory to rank & position1 & 0 !re=e pursu$ by m5 :o _h no "* to lose1 ^! ov]gr[n =tunes 7 (t5 acquir$ by wret*es ( ! meane/ /amp--by slaves br\ght f ov] ! sea1 :o _h to conceal ! holes bor$ 9 _! e>s2#aj or ev5 by malefactors :o _h to oblit]ate1 by artificial means1 ! ?ree lett]s#aa :i* _h be5 br&$ by ! execution] on _! =eheads4 ,b _m ( ! ri*e/ m5 9 ,rome1 :o _h n sprung f ?is convict orig91 7 fully z well des]v+ ( ! same disgraceful /igma4 ,_! h\ses 7 built1 _! c(f]s 7 repl5i%$1 f ! dra9$ res\rces ( exhau/$ prov9cials4 ,e "y man ( active ambition or noble bir?1 ^: res\rces _h be5 impov]i%$ by debau*]y & extravagance1 _h b to borr[ fre% sums 9 ord] to give magnific5t gladiatorial %[s1 & !n1 if he c\ld once obta9 an a$ile%ip1 & m\nt to ! high] (fices ( ! ,/ate1 he w\ld 9 "t become ! procurator or proconsul ( a prov9ce1 :i* he might pillage almo/ at 8 w4 ,ent] ! h\se ( a ,felix or a ,v]res4 ,^? spl5did pill>s ( mottl$ gre5 m>ble 7 dug by ! =c$ lab\r ( ,phrygians f ! qu>ry ( ,synnada2 t emboss$ silv]1 ^? murrh9e vases1 ^? jewel$ cups1 ^? ma/]pieces ( antique sculpture1 h all be5 torn f ! homes or ! temples ( ,sicily or ,greece4 ,c\ntries 7 pilag$ & nations cru%$ t an ,apicius might dissolve pe>ls#ab 9 ! w9e he drank1 or t ,lollia ,paul9a might gleam 9 a second-be/ dress ( em]alds & pe>ls :i* _h co/ #dj1jjj1jjj se/]ces1 or m ?an #cb1jjjl4#ac ,footnote #aj3 ,?is 0 a common anci5t practice2 ! v words ?rall1 ?ralldom1 are etymologically connect$ ) ! roots ?rill1 trill1 drill1 7,comp>e ,exod4 xxi4 #f2 ,deut4 xv4 #ag2 ,plut4 ,cic4 #bf2 & ,juv4 ,sat4 i4 #ajd47 ,footnote #aa3 ,fur1 ?ief4 7,see ,m>tial1 ii4 #bi47 ,footnote #ab3 ,dissolv$ pe>ls1 ,apicius' diet 'ga9/ ! epilepsy4--,,b5 ,,jonson4 ,footnote #ac3 ,pl9y actually saw h] ?us array$4 7,nat4 ,hi/4 ix4 #ce1 #cf47 ,ea* ( ^! gorge\s crim9als liv$ 9 ! mid/ ( an humble cr[d ( flatt]]s1 p>asites1 cli5ts1 dep5d5ts1 & slaves4 ,among ! ?rong t at e>ly morn+ jo/l$ ea* o!r 9 ! m>ble atrium 7 to be f\nd a motley & hetrog5e\s set ( m54 ,slaves ( e age & nation--,g]mans1 ,egyptians1 ,gauls1 ,go?s1 ,syrians1 ,britons1 ,moors1 pamp]$ & consequ5tial fre$m51 impud5t confid5tial s]vants1 gre$y buffoons1 :o liv$ by mak+ bad jokes at o!r p's tables2 ,dacian gladiators1 ) :om fight+ 0 a trade2 philosoph]s1 ^: *ief claim to reputation 0 ! l5g? ( _! be>ds2 supple ,greekl+s ( ! ,t>tuffe species1 ready to flatt] & lie ) consummate skill1 & spread+ _! vile "* l a pollution :]ev] !y w5t3 & among all ^! a numb] ( poor b hone/ cli5ts1 =c$ quietly to put up ) a ?\s& =ms ( contumely#ad & insult1 & liv+ 9 discont5t$ idl5ess on ! sportula or daily l>gesse :i* 0 adm9i/]$ by ! grudg+ lib]ality ( _! haughty patrons4 ,! /\t old ,roman burgh] _h well-nigh disappe>$2 ! /urdy indep5d5ce1 ! manly self-reliance ( an indu/rial population 7 all b unkn[n4 ,! insol5t l\ng]s :o bawl$ 9 ! ,=um 7 (t5 m]e /epsons ( ,italy1 :o _h be5 dragg$ ?i!r 9 *a9s1--! dregs ( all nations1 :i* _h fl[$ into ,rome z into a common sew]1#ae br++ ) !m no h]itage except ! specialty ( _! national vices4 ,_! two wants 7 bread & ! %[s ( ! circus2 s long z ! sportula ( _! patron1 ! occasional donative ( an emp]or1 & ! ambition ( political c&idates suppli$ ^! wants1 !y liv$ 9 cont5t$ abasem5t1 anxi\s nei!r = lib]ty nor = p[]4 ,footnote #ad3 ,few ( ! _m sad pictures 9 ! ,satires ( ,juv5al are m pitiable ?an t ( ! wret*$ ,quirites /ruggl+ at _! patrons' doors = ! pittance :i* =m$ _! daily dole4 7,sat i4 #aja47 ,footnote #ae3 ,see ,juv4 ,sat4 iii4 #fb4 ,scipio1 on be+ int]rupt$ by ! mob 9 ! ,=um1 exclaim$1--,sil5ce1 ye /epsons ( ,italy6 ,:at6 %all ,i fe> ^! fell[s n[ !y are free1 :om ,i myself h br\ght 9 *a9s to ,rome8 7,see ,cic4 ,de ,orat4 ii4 #fa47 ,,ii4 ,x 0 an age at once ( a!ism & sup]/ition4 ,/range to say1 ! two ?+s usually g toge!r4 ,j z ,philippe ,egalit1 ,duke ( ,orleans1 disbeliev$ 9 ,god1 & yet tri$ to conjecture 8 fate f ! inspection ( c(fee-gr\nds at ! bottom ( a cup1--j z ,l\is ,,xi4 %rank f no p]jury & no crime1 & yet reta9$ a pr(\nd rev]5ce = a little lead5 image :i* he c>ri$ 9 8 cap1--s ! ,romans "u ! ,empire sne]$ at all ! :ole cr[d ( gods & goddesses :om _! fa!rs _h wor%ipp$1 b gave an implicit cr$5ce to sorc]]s1 a/rolog]s1 _s-rapp]s1 exorci/s1 & e species ( impo/] & quack4 ,! c]emonies ( religion 7 p]=m$ ) rituali/ic spl5d\r1 b all belief 9 religion 0 dead & gone4 ,t !re are su* ?+s z gho/s & subt]ranean realms n ev5 boys believe1 says ,juv5al1 except ^? :o are /ill too "y to pay a f>?+ = a ba?4 #af ,no?+ c exce$ ! cool imp]t95ce ) :i* ! poet ,m>tial pref]s ! fav\r ( ,domitian to t ( ! great ,jupit] ( ! ,capitol4 ,s5eca1 9 8 lo/ book ,aga9/ ,sup]/itions1#ag op5ly sne]$ at ! old my?ological leg5ds ( gods m>ri$ & gods unm>ri$1 & at ! gods ,panic & ,pal5ess1 & at ,cloac9a1 ! goddess ( sew]s1 & at o!r deities ^: cruelty & lic5se w\ld h be5 infam\s ev5 9 mank9d4 ,& yet ! prie/s1 & ,salii1 & ,flam5s1 & ,augurs cont9u$ to fulfil _! solemn functions1 & ! highe/ title ( ! ,emp]or himself 0 t ( ,pontifex ,maximus1 or ,*ief ,prie/1 :i* he claim$ z ! recogniz$ head ( ! national religion4 ,! common wor%ip 0 reg>d$1 says ,gibbon1 by ! p z equally true1 by ! philosoph]s z equally false1 & by ! magi/rates z equally useful4 ,& ?is fam\s rem>k is little m ?an a translation f ,s5eca1 :o1 aft] expos+ ! futility ( ! popul> beliefs1 adds3 ,& yet ! wise man w obs]ve !m all1 n z pleas+ to ! gods1 b z comm&$ by ! laws4 ,we %all s adore all t ignoble cr[d ( gods :i* long sup]/ition has heap$ toge!r 9 a long p]iod ( ye>s1 z to rememb] t _! wor%ip has m to d ) cu/om ?an ) reality4 ,because he 0 an illu/ri\s s5ator ( ! ,roman p1 obs]ves ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o has pres]v$ = u ?is fragm5t1 he wor%ipp$ :at he blam$1 he did :at he refut$1 he ador$ t ) :i* he f\nd fault4 ,c\ld any?+ be m holl[ or he>tless ?an ?is8 ,is !re any?+ :i* is m c]ta9 to sap ! v f\ndations ( morality ?an ! public ma9t5ance ( a cre$ :i* has long ceas$ to comm& ! ass5t1 & ev5 ! respect ( its recogniz$ def5d]s8 ,s5eca1 inde$1 & a few enlight5$ philosoph]s1 might h tak5 refuge f ! sup]/itions :i* !y ab&on$ 9 a tru] & pur] =m ( fai?4 ,accord+ly1 says ,lactantius1 "o ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 he has said _m ?+s l ourselves conc]n+ ,god4 #ah ,he utt]s :at ,t]tullian f9ely calls ! te/imony ( ,a ,,m9d ,,naturally ,,*ri/ian4 ,b1 mean:ile1 :at became ( ! common multitude8 ,!y too1 l _! sup]iors1 le>nt to disbelieve or to "q ! p[] ( ! anci5t deities2 b1 z ! m9d absolutely requires "s religion on :i* to re/1 !y gave _! real devotion to all k9ds ( /range & =eign deities1--to ,isis & ,osiris1 & ! dog ,anubus1 to ,*aldaean magicians1 to ,jewi% ex]cis]s1 to ,greek quacks1 & to ! wret*$ vagabond prie/s ( ,cybele1 :o infe/$ all ! /reets ) _! ,ori5tal dances & t9kl+ tamb\r9es4 ,! visitor to ! ru9s ( ,pompeii may /ill see 9 h] temple ! /atue ( ,isis1 ?r\gh ^: op5 lips ! gap+ wor%ipp]s he>d ! murmur$ answ]s !y came to seek4 ,no d\bt !y believ$ z firmly t ! image spoke1 z our =efa!rs believ$ t _! miracul\s ,madonnas nodd$ & w9k$4 ,b "t has expos$ ! *eat4 ,by ! ru9$ %r9e ! wor%ipp] may n[ see ! secret /eps by :i* ! prie/ got to ! back ( ! /atue1 & ! pipe ent]+ ! back ( its head ?r\gh :i* he :isp]$ ! answ]s ( ! oracle4 ,footnote #af3 ,,juv4 ,sat4 ii4 #adi4 ,cf4 ,s54 ,ep4 xxiv4 ,nemo tam pu] e/ at ,c]b]um timeat1 et t5ebras1 c4 ,footnote #ag3 ,fragm4 xxxiv4 ,footnote #ah3 ,lactantius1 ,div94 ,in/4 i4 #d4 ,,iii4 ,x 0 an age ( b\ndless luxury1--an age 9 :i* wom5 recklessly vi$ ) "o ano!r 9 ! race ( spl5d\r & extravagance1 & 9 :i* m5 plung$ headlong1 )\t a s+le scruple ( consci5ce1 & ) e possible res\rce at _! comm&1 into ! pursuit ( pleasure4 ,!re 0 no =m ( luxury1 !re 0 no ref9em5t ( vice inv5t$ by any =eign nation1 :i* _h n be5 eag]ly adopt$ by ! ,roman patricians4 ,! s(tness ( ,syb>is1 ! mann]s ( ,rhodes & ,antio*1 & ( p]fum$1 drunk51 fl[]-cr[n$ ,miletus1 7 all to be f\nd at ,rome4 ,!re 0 no m ( ! anci5t ,roman sev]ity & dignity & self-respect4 ,! desc5dants ( ,aemilius & ,grac*us--ev5 g5]als & consuls & praetors--mix$ famili>ly ) ! l[e/ canaille ( ,rome 9 _! vile/ & mo/ squalid purlieus ( %ameless vice4 ,!y f\ght z amateur gladiators 9 ! ar5a4 ,!y drove z compet+ *>iote]s on ! race-c\rse4 ,!y ev5 condesc5d$ to appe> z actors on ! /age4 ,!y devot$ !mselves ) su* frantic eag]ness to ! excitem5t ( gambl+1 t we read ( _! /ak+ hundr$s ( p\nds on a s+le ?r[ ( ! dice1 :5 !y c\ld n ev5 re/ore ! pawn$ tunics to _! %iv]+ slaves4 ,"u ! cold m>ble /atues1 or amid ! wax5 lik5esses ( _! fam\s /ately ance/ors1 !y turn$ night into day ) long & fooli% orgies1 & exhau/$ l& & sea ) ! dem&s ( _! gluttony4 ,woe to t city1 says an anci5t prov]b1 9 :i* a fi% co/s m ?an an ox2 & ?is exactly describes ! /ate ( ,rome4 ,a banquet w\ld sometimes co/ ! price ( an e/ate2 %ell-fi% 7 br\ght f remote & unkn[n %ores1 birds f ,p>?ia & ! banks ( ! ,phasis2 s+le di%es 7 made ( ! bra9s ( ! peacocks & ! tongues ( night+ales & flam+oes4 ,apicius1 aft] squ&]+ ne>ly a million ( money 9 ! pleasures ( ! table1 committ$ suicide1 ,s5eca tells u1 because he f\nd t he _h only #hj1jjjl4 left4 ,c[ley speaks (-- ,vitellius' table1 :i* did hold ,z _m creatures z ! ark ( old4 ,!y eat1 said ,s5eca1 & !n !y vomit2 !y vomit1 & !n !y eat4 ,b ev5 9 ?is matt] we _c tell any?+ l ! wor/ facts ab\t-- ,_! sumptu\s gluttonies & gorge\s fea/s ,on citron tables & ,atlantic /one1 ,_! w9es ( ,setia1 ,gales1 & ,fal]ne1 ,*ios1 & ,crete1 & h[ !y quaff 9 gold1 ,cry/al1 & myrrh9e cups1 emboss$ ) gems ,& /uds ( pe>l4 #ai ,/ill less c we pret5d to describe ! unblu%+ & unutt]able degradation ( ?is p]iod z x is reveal$ to u by ! poets & ! satiri/s4 ,all ?+s1 says ,s5eca1 are full ( iniquity & vice2 m crime is committ$ ?an c be rem$i$ by re/ra9t4 ,we /ruggle 9 a huge conte/ ( crim9ality3 daily ! passion = s9 is great]1 ! %ame 9 committ+ x is less4444 ,wick$ness is no long] committ$ 9 secret3 x flaunts be=e our eyes1 & ,! citron bo>d1 ! b[l emboss$ ) gems1 444 :atev] is kn[n ,( r>e/ acquisition2 ,tyrian g>bs1 ,neptunian ,albion's high te/ace\s food1 ,& flav\r$ ,*ian w9es1 ) inc5se fum$1 ,to slake patrician ?ir/3 = ^! _! rights ,9 ! vile atreets !y pro/itute = sale1 ,_! anci5t rights1 _! dignities1 _! laws1 ,_! native glori\s fre$om4 has be5 s5t =? s op5ly into public sight1 & has prevail$ s completely 9 ! brea/ ( all1 t innoc5ce is n r>e1 b non-exi/5t4 ,footnote #ai3 ,comp>e ! l9es 9 ,dy]'s little-rememb]$ ,ru9s ( ,rome4 ,,iv4 ,& x 0 an age ( deep sadness4 ,t x %\ld h be5 s is an in/ructive & solemn lesson4 ,9 proportion to ! luxury ( ! age 7 its mis]y & its exhau/ion4 ,! mad pursuit ( pleasure 0 ! dea? & degradation ( all true happ9ess4 ,suicide--suicide out ( pure ennui & discont5t at a life ov]fl[+ ) e possible means ( indulg5ce--0 extraord9>ily preval5t4 ,! ,/oic philosophy1 especially z we see x repres5t$ 9 ! trag$ies attribut$ to ,s5eca1 rang ) ! glorification ( x4 ,m5 ran to dea? because _! mode ( life _h left !m no o!r refuge4 ,!y di$ because x seem$ s t$i\s & s sup]flu\s to be see+ & do+ & say+ ! same ?+s ov] & ov] aga92 & because !y _h exhau/$ ! v possibility ( ! only pleasures ( :i* !y _h left !mselves capable4 ,! satirical epigram ( ,de/\*es1-- ,ci-gt ,jean ,rosbif1 cuy]1 ,qui se p5dit p\r se ds5nuy]1 0 lit]ally & /rictly true ( _m ,romans dur+ ?is epo*4 ,m>cell9us1 a "y & weal?y noble1 />v$ himself1 & !n _h himself suffocat$ 9 a w>m ba?1 m]ely because he 0 attack$ ) a p]fectly curable illness4 ,! philosophy :i* alone pr(ess$ itself able to heal m5's sorr[s applaud$ ! suppos$ c\rage ( a volunt>y dea?1 & x 0 ( too ab/ract1 too fanta/ic1 & too purely !oretical a "* to furni% !m ) any real or la/+ consolations4 ,no s5tim5t caus$ m surprise to ! ,roman _w ?an ! fam\s "o pres]v$ 9 ! fragm5t ( ,maec5as1-- ,debilem facito manu1 ,debilem p$e1 cox1 ,tub] ad/rue gibb]um1 ,lubricos quate d5tes2 ,vita dum sup]e/ b5e e/2 ,hanc mihi vel acut ,si s$eam cruce su/9e2 :i* may be p>aphras$1-- ,numb my h&s ) palsy1 ,rack my feet ) g\t1 ,hun* my back & %\ld]1 ,let my tee? fall out2 ,/ill1 if ,life be grant$1 ,i pref] ! loss2 ,save my life1 & give me ,angui% on ! cross4 ,s5eca1 9 8 #aja/ ,lett]1 calls ?is a mo/ disgraceful & mo/ contemptible wi%2 b x may be p>allel$ out ( ,euripides1 & /ill m closely out ( ,hom]4 ,talk n1 says ! %ade ( ,a*illes to ,ulysses 9 ! ,odyssey1-- ',talk n ( reign+ 9 ?is dolor\s gloom1 ,nor ?9k va9 lies1' he cri$1 'c ease my doom4 ,bett] by f> labori\sly to be> ,a weight ( woes1 & brea! ! vital air1 ,slave to ! meane/ h9d t begs 8 bread1 ,?an reign ! sceptr$ mon>* ( ! dead4' ,b ?is falsehood ( extremes 0 "o ( ! sad outcomes ( ! popul> ,paganism4 ,ei!r1 l ! natural savage1 !y dread$ dea? ) an int5sity ( t]ror2 or1 :5 _! crimes & sorr[s _h made life unsupportable1 !y slank to x z a refuge1 ) a c[>dice :i* vaunt$ itself z c\rage4 ,v4 ,& x 0 an age ( cruelty4 ,! %[s ( gladiators1 ! sangu9>y combats ( wild bea/s1 ! n unfrequ5t spectacle ( savage tortures & capital puni%m5ts1 ! occasional sight ( innoc5t m>tyrs burn+ to dea? 9 _! %irts ( pit*y fire1 mu/ h h>d5$ & imbrut$ ! public s5sibility4 ,! imm5se preval5ce ( slav]y t5d$ /ill m inevitably to ! g5]al corruption4 ,lu/1 z usual1 0 h>d by hate4 ,"o he>s ) p]fect amazem5t ( ! numb] ( slaves 9 ! weal?y h\ses4 ,a ?\s& slaves 0 no extravagant numb]1 & ! va/ majority ( !m 7 idle1 un$ucat$ & corrupt4 ,treat$ z little bett] ?an animals1 !y lo/ mu* ( ! dignity ( m54 ,_! ma/]s possess$ ov] !m ! p[] ( life & dea?1 & x is %ock+ to read ( ! cruelty ) :i* !y 7 (t5 treat$4 ,an accid5tal murmur1 a c\gh1 a sneeze1 0 puni%$ ) rods4 ,mute1 motionless1 fa/+1 ! slaves _h to /& by :ile _! ma/]s supp$2 ,a brutal & /upid b>b>ity (t5 turn$ a h\se into ! %ambles ( an execution]1 s\nd+ ) sc\rges1 *a9s1 & yells4#bj ,"o ev5+ ! ,emp]or ,augu/us 0 supp+ at ! h\se ( ,v$ius ,pollio1 :5 "o ( ! slaves1 :o 0 c>ry+ a cry/al goblet1 slipp$ d[n1 & broke x4 ,transport$ ) rage ,v$ius at once ord]$ ! slave to be seiz$1 & plung$ into ! fi%-pond z food to ! lampreys4 ,! boy escap$ f ! h&s ( 8 fell[-slaves1 & fl$ to ,caes>'s feet to implore1 n t 8 life %\ld be sp>$--a p>don :i* he nei!r expect$ nor hop$--b t he might die by a mode ( dea? less horrible ?an be+ dev\r$ by fi%es4 ,common z x 0 to torm5t slaves1 & to put !m to dea?1 ,augu/us1 to 8 honor be x spok51 0 horrifi$ by ! cruelty ( ,v$ius1 & comm&$ bo? t ! slave %\ld be set free1 t e cry/al vase 9 ! h\se ( ,v$ius %\ld be brok5 9 8 pres5ce & t ! fi% pond %\ld be fill$ up4 ,ev5 wom5 inflict$ ^u _! female slaves puni%m5ts ( ! mo/ cruel atrocity = faults ( ! mo/ v5ial "*4 ,a broo* wrongly plac$1 a tress ( hair ill-arrang$1 & ! enrag$ matron ord]s h] slave to be la%$ & crucifi$4 ,if h] mild] husb& int]f]es1 %e n only ju/ifies ! cruelty1 b asks 9 amazem5t3 ,:at6 is a slave s mu* ( a human be+8 ,no wond] t !re 0 a prov]b1 ,z _m slaves1 s _m foes4 ,no wond] t _m ma/]s liv$ 9 p]petual fe>1 & t ! tyrant's devili% plea1 necessity1 might be urg$ 9 favor ( t odi\s law :i* enact$ t1 if a ma/] 0 murd]$ by an unkn[n h&1 ! :ole body ( 8 slaves %\ld suff] dea?1--a law :i* m ?an once 0 c>ri$ into effect "u ! reigns ( ! ,emp]ors4 ,slav]y1 z we see 9 ! case ( ,sp>ta & _m o!r nations1 always involves its own retribution4 ,! class ( free peasant proprietors gradually disappe>s4 ,long be=e ?is "t ,tib4 ,grac*us1 9 com+ home f ,s>d9ia1 _h obs]v$ t !re 0 sc>cely a s+le freeman to be se5 9 ! fields4 ,! slaves 7 inf9itely m num]\s ?an _! own]s4 ,h5ce arose ! con/ant dread ( s]vile insurrections2 ! con/ant hatr$ ( a slave population to :i* any conspirator revolutioni/ might successfully appeal2 & ! con/ant insecurity ( life1 :i* mu/ h /ruck t]ror into _m he>ts4 ,footnote #bj3 ,juv4 ,sat4 i4 #bai--bbb4 ,su* is b a fa9t & broad outl9e ( "s ( ! features ( ,s5eca's age2 & we %all be unju/ if we d n admit t mu* at lea/ ( ! life he liv$1 & ne>ly all ! s5tim5ts he utt]$1 ga9 mu* 9 gr&eur & purity f ! contra/ !y (f] to ! common life (-- ,t p victor once1 n[ vile & base1 ,des]v$ly made vassal1 :o1 once j1 ,frugal1 & mild1 & temp]ate1 conqu]$ well1 ,b gov]n ill ! nations "u yoke1 ,peel+ _! prov9ces1 exhau/$ all ,by lu/ & rap9e2 fir/ ambiti\s gr[n ,( triumph1 t insult+ vanity2 ,!n cruel1 by _! sports to blood inur$ ,( fight+ bea/s1 & m5 to bea/s expos$1 ,luxuri\s by _! weal?1 & gre$i] /ill1 ,& f ! daily sc5e effem9ate4 ,:at wise & vali5t m5 w\ld seek to free ,^! ?us deg5]ate1 by !mselves enslav$2 ,or c\ld ( inw>d slaves make outw>d free8 ,,milton1 ,p>adise ,rega9$1 iv4 #acb-ade4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,political ,,condition ,,( ,,rome ,,"u ,,tib]ius ,,& ,,caius4 ,! p]sonal notices ( ,s5eca's life up to ! p]iod ( 8 manhood are slight & fragm5t>y4 ,f an incid5tal expression we conjecture t he visit$ 8 aunt 9 ,egypt :5 h] husb& 0 ,prefect ( t c\ntry1 & t he %>$ ) h] ! dang]s ( %ipwreck :5 h] husb& _h di$ on bo>d %ip dur+ ! homew>d voyage4 ,possibly ! visit may h excit$ 9 8 m9d t deep int]e/ & curiosity ab\t ! ph5om5a ( ! ,nile :i* appe> s /rongly 9 sev]al passages ( 8 ,natural ,que/ions2 &1 inde$ no?+ is m likely ?an t he sugge/$ to ,n]o ! e>lie/ record$ exp$ition to discov] ! s\rce ( ! my/]i\s riv]4 ,no o!r allusion to 8 travels occur 9 8 writ+s1 b we may inf] t f v e>ly days he _h felt an int]e/ = physical inquiry1 s9ce :ile /ill a y\? he _h writt5 a book on e>?quakes2 :i* has n come d[n to u4 ,det]r$ by 8 fa!r f ! pursuit ( philosophy1 he ent]$ on ! duties ( a pr(ession4 ,he became an advocate1 & di/+ui%$ himself by 8 g5ius & eloqu5ce 9 plead+ causes4 ,ent]+ on a political c>e]1 he became a successful c&idate = ! quae/or%ip1 :i* 0 an important /ep t[>ds ! highe/ (fices ( ! /ate4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( 8 life he m>ri$ a lady ^: "n has n be5 pres]v$ to u1 & to :om we h only "o allusion1 :i* is a curi\s "o4 ,z 9 our own hi/ory x has be5 sometimes ! fa%ion = ladies ( rank to h dw>ves & negroes among _! att5dants1 s x seems to h be5 ! s5seless & revolt+ cu/om ( ! ,roman ladies ( ?is "t to keep idiots among ! numb] ( _! s]vants4 ,! fir/ wife ( ,s5eca _h foll[$ ?is fa%ion1 & ,s5eca 9 8 fiftie? lett] to 8 fri5d ,lucilius#ba makes ! foll[+ int]e/+ allusion to ! fact4 ,y "k1 he says1 t my wife's idiot girl ,h>pa/e has rema9$ 9 my h\se z a burd5some legacy4 ,= p]sonally ,i feel ! pr(\nde/ dislike to mon/rosities ( t k9d4 ,if ev] ,i want to amuse myself ) an idiot1 ,i h n f> to look = "o4 ,i laugh at myself4 ,?is idiot girl has sudd5ly become bl9d4 ,n[1 incr$ible z ! /ory seems1 x is really true t %e is unconsci\s ( h] bl9dness1 & consequ5tly begs h] att5dant to g else:]e1 because ! h\se is d>k4 ,b y may be sure t ?is1 at :i* we laugh 9 h]1 happ5s to u all2 no "o und]/&s t he is av>ici\s or covet\s4 ,! bl9d seek = a guide2 we w&] ab\t )\t a guide4 ,footnote #ba3 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! ma9 biographical facts ab\t ! life ( ,s5eca are to be glean$ f 8 lett]s to ,lucilius1 :o 0 8 con/ant fri5d f y\? to old age1 & to :om he has d$icat$ 8 ,natural ,que/ions4 ,lucilius 0 a procurator ( ,sicily1 a man ( cultivat$ ta/e & high pr9ciple4 ,he 0 ! au?or ( a poem on ,aetna1 :i* 9 ! op9ion ( _m compet5t judges is ! poem :i* has come d[n to u1 & has be5 attribut$ to ,v>us1 ,virgil1 & o!rs4 ,x has be5 admirably edit$ by ,mr4 ,munro4 7,see ,nat4 ,quae/41 iv4 ad init4 ,ep4 lxxix47 ,he also wrote a poem on ! f\nta9 ,are?usa4 7,nat4 ,quae/4 iii1 #bf47 ,?is passage w furni% u ) an excell5t example ( ,s5eca's inv>iable me?od ( improv+ e occasion & circum/ance into an opportunity = a philosophic h>angue4 ,by ?is wife1 :o di$ %ortly be=e ,s5eca's bani%m5t to ,corsica1 he _h two sons1 "o ( :om expir$ 9 ! arms & amid ! kisses ( ,helvia less ?an a mon? be=e ,s5eca's dep>ture = ,corsica4 ,to ! o!r1 ^: "n 0 ,m>cus1 he makes ! foll[+ pleasant allusion4 ,aft] urg+ 8 "m ,helvia to f9d consolation 9 ! devotion ( 8 bro!rs ,gallio & ,mela1 he adds1 ,f ^! turn y\r eyes also on y\r gr&sons--to ,m>cus1 t mo/ *>m+ little boy1 9 sight ( :om no melan*oly c la/ long4 ,no mis=tune 9 ! brea/ ( any "o c h be5 s great or s rec5t z n to be soo!d by 8 c>esses4 ,^: te>s w\ld n 8 mir? repress8 ^: m9d w\ld n 8 prattl+ loose f ! pressure ( anxiety8 :om w n t joy\s mann] ( 8 incl9e to je/+8 ^: att5tion1 ev5 ?\gh he be fix$ 9 ?\ght1 w n be attract$ & absorb$ by t *ildlike g>rulity ( :i* no "o c gr[ tir$8 ,god grant t he may survive me3 may all ! cruelty ( de/9y be we>$ out on me6 ,:e!r ! pray] ( ,s5eca 0 grant$ we d n "k2 b1 z we d n aga9 he> ( ,m>cus1 x is probable t he di$ be=e 8 fa!r1 & t ! l9e ( ,s5eca1 l t ( s _m great m51 became ext9ct 9 ! second g5]ation4 ,x 0 probably dur+ ?is p]iod t ,s5eca laid ! f\ndations ( t enorm\s =tune :i* excit$ ! hatr$ & ridicule ( 8 oppon5ts4 ,!re is e reason to believe t ?is =tune 0 hon\rably ga9$4 ,z bo? 8 fa!r & "m 7 weal?y1 he _h d\btless inh]it$ an ample compet5cy2 ?is 0 increas$ by ! lucrative pr(ession ( a successful advocate1 & 0 f9ally swoll5 by ! pr9cely donations ( 8 pupil ,n]o4 ,x is n improbable t ,s5eca1 l ,cic]o1 & l all ! weal?y m5 ( _! day1 increas$ 8 prop]ty by l5d+ money ^u int]e/4 ,no disgrace atta*$ to su* a c\rse2 & z !re is no pro( = ! *>ges ( ,dio ,cassius on ?is head1 we may pass !m ov] ) sil5t contempt4 ,dio gravely in=ms u t ,s5eca excit$ an insurrection 9 ,brita91 by sudd5ly call+ 9 ! enorm\s sum ( #dj1jjj1jjj se/]ces2 b ?is is 9 all probability ! calumny ( a pr(ess$ enemy4 ,we %all ref] aga9 to ,s5eca's weal?2 b we may "h admit t x 0 und\bt$ly ungraceful & incongru\s 9 a philosoph] :o 0 p]petually dwell+ on ! praises ( pov]ty1 & t ev5 9 8 own age x attract$ unfav\rable notice1 z we may see f ! epi!t ,pro$ives1 ! ov]-weal?y1 :i* is appli$ to him alike by a satiric poet & by a grave hi/orian4 ,s5eca 0 p]fectly well aw>e t ?is objection c\ld be urg$ aga9/ him1 & x mu/ be admitt$ t ! gr\nds on :i* he def5ds himself 9 8 treatise ,on a ,happy ,life are n v conclusive or satisfactory4 ,! boyhood ( ,s5eca fell 9 ! la/ ye>s ( ! ,emp]or ,augu/us1 :51 9 spite ( ! g5]al decorum & amiability ( _! rul]1 p began to see cle>ly t no?+ 0 left ( lib]ty except ! "n4 ,8 y\? & e>ly manhood 7 sp5t dur+ ^? ?ree-&-tw5ty ye>s ( ! reign ( ,tib]ius1 t reign ( t]ror1 dur+ :i* ! ,roman _w 0 r$uc$ to a frightful sil5ce & torpor z ( dea?2#bb &1 al?\gh he 0 n ?r[n into p]sonal collision ) t brutal mon/]1 he n unfrequ5tly alludes to him1 & to ! dang]\s p[] & headlong ru9 ( 8 wick$ m9i/] ,sejanus4 ,up to ?is "t he _h n exp]i5c$ 9 8 own p]son ^? crimes & horrors :i* fall to ! lot ( m5 :o are br\ght into close contact ) tyrants4 ,?is fir/ happ5$ to him 9 ! reign ( ,caius ,caes>1 ( :om we are enabl$1 f ! writ+s ( ,s5eca alone1 to draw a full-l5g? portrait4 ,footnote #bb3 ,milton1 ,p>adise ,rega9$1 iv4 #abh4 ,= a picture ( ,tib]ius z he appe>$ 9 8 old age at ,capreae1 hat$ ( all & hat+1 see ,id4 #ij-ig4 ,caius ,caes> 0 ! son ( ,g]manicus & ! eld] ,agripp9a4 ,g]manicus 0 ! brave/ & mo/ successful g5]al1 & "o ( ! wise/ & mo/ virtu\s m51 ( 8 day4 ,8 wife ,agripp9a1 9 h] fidelity1 h] *a/ity1 h] *>ity1 h] nobility ( m9d1 0 ! v model ( a ,roman matron ( ! highe/ & pure/ /amp4 ,/range t ! son ( su* p>5ts %\ld h be5 "o ( ! vile/1 cruele/1 & f\le/ ( ! human race4 ,s1 h[ev]1 x 02 & x is a rem>kable fact t sc>cely "o ( ! six *ildr5 ( ?is m>riage display$ ! virtues ( _! fa!r & "m1 :ile two ( !m1 ,caius ,caes> & ! y\ng] ,agripp9a1 liv$ to e>n an exceptional infamy by _! bas5ess & _! crimes4 ,possibly ?is unhappy result may h be5 p>tly due to ! sad circum/ances ( _! e>ly education4 ,_! fa!r1 ,g]manicus1 :o by 8 virtue & 8 successes _h excit$ ! suspici\s jeal\sy ( 8 uncle ,tib]ius1 0 by 8 di/9ct connivance1 if n by 8 actual sugge/ion1 atroci\sly poison$ 9 ,syria4 ,agripp9a1 aft] be+ subject$ to c\ntless cruel insults1 0 bani%$ 9 ! extreme/ pov]ty to ! isl& ( ,p&at>ia4 ,two ( ! eld] bro!rs1 ,n]o & ,drusus ,g]manicus1 7 proclaim$ public enemies3 ,n]o 0 bani%$ to ! isl& ,pontia1 & !re put to dea?2 ,drusus 0 kept a close prison] 9 a secret prison ( ! palace4 ,caius1 ! y\nge/1 :o is bett] kn[n by ! "n ,caligula1 0 summon$ by ,tib]ius to 8 wick$ retirem5t at ,capreae1 & !re only sav$ 8 life by ! mo/ abject flatt]y & ! mo/ adroit submission4 ,capreae is a little isl& ( surpass+ lovel9ess1 =m+ "o extremity ( ! ,bay ( ,naples4 ,its soil is ri*1 its sea bright & limpid1 its breezes cool & heal?ful4 ,isolat$ by its position1 x is yet )9 easy rea* ( ,rome4 ,at t "t1 be=e ,vesuvius _h rek9dl$ ^? wa/eful fires :i* fir/ %ook d[n1 & !n delug$ "u lava & scoriae1 ! little cities ( ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 ! sc5e :i* x comm&$ 0 ev5 m pre-em95tly beautiful ?an n[4 ,v9ey>ds & olive-groves clo!d ! sides ( t mat*less bay1 d[n to ! v l9e :]e ! bright blue wat]s seem to kiss ) _! ripples ! _m-col\r$ pebbles ( ! bea*4 ,ov] all1 ) its sides dott$ ) picturesque villas & happy villages1 t[]$ ! giant cone ( ! volcano :i* = c5turies _h appe>$ to be ext9ct1 & :i* 0 clo!d up to ! v crat] ) luxuri\s vegetation4 ,su* 0 ! delici\s home :i* ,tib]ius disgrac$ = ev] by ! seclusion ( 8 old age4 ,"h he ab&on$ himself to e ref9em5t ( wick$ness1 & f h5ce1 be+ by common cons5t ! mo/ mis]able ( m51 he wrote to ! ,s5ate t memorable lett] 9 :i* he confesses 8 daily & unutt]able mis]y "u ! /+s ( a guilty consci5ce1 :i* nei!r solitude nor p[] enabl$ him to escape4 ,nev] did a fair] sc5e und]go a worse degradation2 & "h1 9 "o or o!r ( ! twelve villas :i* ,tib]ius _h built1 & among ! azure grottoes :i* he caus$ to be con/ruct$1 ! y\?ful ,caius#bc grew up to manhood4 ,x w\ld h be5 a t]rible s*ool ev5 = a noble nature2 = a nature corrupt & blood?ir/y l t ( ,caius x 0 complete & total ru94 ,b1 ?\gh he 0 s obsequi\s to ! ,emp]or z to orig9ate ! je/ t nev] _h !re be5 a worse ma/] & nev] a m cr++ slave1--?\gh he suppress$ e sign ( indignation at ! horrid dea?s ( 8 "m & 8 bro!rs1--?\gh he assidu\sly reflect$ ! looks1 & c>efully e*o$ ! v words1 ( 8 patron1--yet n ev5 by ! deep dissimulation :i* su* a position requir$ did he succe$ 9 conceal+ f ! p5etrat+ eye ( ,tib]ius ! true f]ocity ( 8 "*4 ,n be+ ! ackn[l$g$ heir to ! k+dom1--= ,tib]ius ,gemellus1 ! y\?ful gr&son ( ,tib]ius1 0 liv+1 & ,caius 0 by bir? only 8 gr&-nephew1--he became a tool = ! ma*9ations ( ,m>co ! praetorian praefect & 8 wife ,ennia4 ,"o ( 8 *ief fri5ds 0 ! cruel ,h]od ,agrippa1#bd :o put to dea? ,/4 ,james & imprison$ ,/4 ,pet]1 & ^: tragical fate is record$ 9 ! #ab? *ap4 ( ! ,acts4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 ,caius _h be5 abus+ ! dictator ,sulla1 ,tib]ius scornfully rem>k$ t he w\ld h all ,sulla's vices & none ( 8 virtues2 & on ano!r1 aft] a qu>rel betwe5 ,caius & 8 c\s91 ! ,emp]or embrac$ ) te>s 8 "y gr&son1 & said to ! fr[n+ ,caius1 ) "o ( ^? /range fla%es ( prevision ( :i* we sometimes read 9 hi/ory4 ,:y are y s eag]8 ,"s day y w kill ?is boy1 & "s "o else w murd] y4 ,!re 7 "s :o believ$ t ,tib]ius delib]ately *]i%$ ! int5tion ( all[+ ,caius to succe$ him1 9 ord] t ! ,roman _w might rel5t t[>ds 8 own memory "u ! tyranny ( a worse mon/] ?an himself4 ,ev5 ! ,romans1 :o look$ up to ! family ( ,g]manicus ) extraord9>y affection1 seem e>ly to h lo/ all hopes ab\t ,caius4 ,!y look$ = little improvem5t "u ! gov]nm5t ( a vici\s boy1 ignorant ( all ?+s1 or nurtur$ only 9 ! wor/1 :o w\ld be likely to reflect ! influ5ce ( ,macro1 & pres5t ! spectacle ( a worse ,tib]ius "u a worse ,sejanus4 ,footnote #bc3 ,we %all call him ,caius1 because x is z little correct to write ( him by ! sobriquet ,caligula z x w\ld be habitually to write ( our k+s ,edw>d or ,john z ,long%anks or ,lackl&4 ,! "n ,caligula means a little %oe1 & 0 ! pet "n giv5 to him by ! soldi]s ( 8 fa!r1 9 ^: camp he 0 born4 ,footnote #bd3 ,josephus adds "s curi\s & int]e/+ p>ticul>s to ! /ory ( ?is ,h]od & 8 dea? :i* are n m5tion$ 9 ! n>rative ( ,/4 ,luke 7,antiq4 xix4 #g1 #h4 ,jahn1 ,hebr4 ,commonweal?1 cxxvi47 ,at la/ heal? & /r5g? fail$ ,tib]ius1 b n 8 habitual dissimulation4 ,he reta9$ ! same unb5d+ s\l1 & by 8 fix$ c\nt5ance & measur$ language1 sometimes by an artificial affability1 he tri$ to conceal 8 approa*+ end4 ,aft] _m re/less *anges1 he f9ally settl$ d[n 9 a villa at ,mis5um :i* _h once belong$ to ! luxuri\s ,lucullus4 ,!re ! real /ate ( 8 heal? 0 discov]$4 ,*>icles1 a di/+ui%$ physician1 :o _h be5 pay+ him a fri5dly visit on kiss+ 8 h& to bid f>ewell1 manag$ to asc]ta9 ! /ate ( 8 pulse4 ,suspect+ t ?is 0 ! case ,tib]ius1 conceal+ 8 displeasure1 ord]$ a banquet to be spread1 z ?\gh 9 hon\r ( 8 fri5d's dep>ture1 & /ay$ long] ?an usual at table4 ,a simil> /ory is told ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 :o1 notic+ f ! :isp]s ( 8 c\rti]s t !y believ$ him to be dy+1 ate an unusually l>ge d9n] on ! v day ( 8 dea?1 & s>ca/ically obs]v$1 ,il me semble que p\r un homme qui va m\rir je ne mange pas mal4 ,b1 9 spite ( ! precautions ( ,tib]ius1 ,*>icles in=m$ ,macro t ! ,emp]or c\ld n la/ beyond two days4 ,a sc5e ( secret intrigue at once began4 ,! c\rt broke up into knots & cliques4 ,ha/y mess5g]s 7 s5t to ! prov9ces & _! armies1 until at la/1 on ! #af? ( ,m>*1 x 0 believ$ t ,tib]ius _h brea!d 8 la/4 ,j z on ! dea? ( ,l\is ,,xv4 a sudd5 noise 0 he>d z ( ?und]1 ! s\nd ( c\rti]s ru%+ along ! corridors to congratulate ,l\is ,,xvi4 9 ! fam\s words1 ,le roi e/ mort1 vive le roi1 s a cr[d in/antly ?rong$ r\nd ,caius ) _! congratulations1 z he w5t out ( ! palace to assume 8 imp]ial au?ority4 ,sudd5ly a message rea*$ him t ,tib]ius _h recov]$ voice & sight4 ,s5eca says1 t feel+ 8 la/ h\r to be ne>1 he _h tak5 (f 8 r+1 &1 hold+ x 9 8 %ut left h&1 _h long la9 motionless2 !n call+ 8 s]vants1 s9ce no "o answ]$ 8 call1 he rose f 8 c\*1 &1 8 /r5g? fail+ him1 aft] a few tott]+ /eps fell pro/rate on ! gr\nd4 ,! news produc$ ! same con/]nation z t :i* 0 produc$ among ! conspirators at ,adonijah's banquet1 :5 !y he>d ( ! measures tak5 by ! dy+ ,david4 ,!re 0 a panic-/rick5 disp]sion1 & e "o pret5d$ to be griev$1 or ignorant ( :at 0 go+ on4 ,caius1 9 /upifi$ sil5ce1 expect$ dea? in/ead ( empire4 ,macro alone did n lose 8 pres5ce ( m9d4 ,) ! utmo/ intrepidity1 he gave ord]s t ! old man %\ld be suffocat$ by heap+ ov] him a mass ( clo!s1 & t e "o %\ld !n leave ! *amb]4 ,su* 0 ! mis]able & unpiti$ end ( ! ,emp]or ,tib]ius1 9 ! sev5ty-eigh? ye> ( 8 age4 ,su* 0 ! dea?1 & s mis]able _h be5 ! life1 ( ! man to :om ! ,tempt] _h already giv5 ! k+doms ( ! _w & ! glory ( !m1 :5 he tri$ to tempt ) !m ! ,son ( ,god4 ,t ?is man %\ld h be5 ! *ief ,emp]or ( ! e>? at a "t :5 its true ,k+ 0 liv+ z a peasant 9 8 village home at ,naz>e?1 is a fact sugge/ive ( _m & ( solemn ?\ghts4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,caius4 ,! poet ,gray1 9 describ+ ! des]t$ dea?b$ ( our own great ,edw>d ,,iii41 says3-- ,l[ on 8 fun]al c\* he lies6 ,no pity+ he>t1 no eye af=d ,a te> to grace 8 obsequies6 99 99 99 99 99 ,! sw>m t 9 ! noontide beam 7 born8 ,gone to salute ! ris+ ,morn4 ,fair laughs ! ,morn1 & s(t ! zephyr bl[s1 ,:ile pr\dly rid+ o'er ! azure realm1 ,9 gallant trim ! gild$ vessel goes2 ,y\? on ! pr[ & ,pleasure at ! helm2 ,reg>dless ( ! sweep+ ,:irlw9d's sway1 ,t1 hu%$ 9 grim repose1 expects 8 ev5+ prey4 ,! la/ l9es ( ?is passage w\ld alone h be5 applicable to ,caius ,caes>4 ,!re 0 no?+ fair or gay ev5 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( 8 reign4 ,f fir/ to la/ x 0 a reign ( fury & madness1 & lu/ & blood4 ,!re 0 an h]$it>y ta9t ( insanity 9 ?is family1 :i* 0 develop$ by _! be+ plac$ on ! dizzy p9nacle ( imp]ial despotism1 & :i* usually took ! =m ( mon/r\s & abnormal crime4 ,if we w\ld seek a p>allel = ,caius ,caes>1 we mu/ look = x 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian ,,vii4 ( ,d5m>k1 & ,paul ( ,russia4 ,9 all ?ree we f9d ! same gha/ly pallor1 ! same sleeplessness :i* compell$ !m to rise1 & pace _! rooms at night1 ! same incessant suspicion2 ! same inord9ate ?ir/ = cruelty & torture4 ,he took a v e>ly opportunity to disemb>rass himself ( 8 b5efactors1 ,macro & ,ennia1 & ( 8 rival1 ! "y ,tib]ius4 ,! re/ ( 8 reign 0 a s]ies ( brutal extravagances4 ,we h lo/ ! portion ( ^? mat*less ,annals ( ,tacitus :i* conta9$ ! reign ( ,caius1 b m ?an en\gh to revolt & horrify is pres]v$ 9 ! scatt]$ notices ( ,s5eca1 & 9 ! n>ratives ( ,suetonius 9 ,lat9 & ,dio ,cassius 9 ,greek4 ,8 madness %[$ itself sometimes 9 glutton\s extravagance1 z :5 he ord]$ a supp] :i* co/ m ?an #h1jjjl2 sometimes 9 a biz>re & disgraceful mode ( dress1 z :5 he appe>$ 9 public 9 wom5's /ock+s1 embroid]$ ) gold & pe>ls2 sometimes 9 a p]sonality & insol5ce ( demeanor t[>ds e rank & class 9 ,rome1 :i* made him ask a s5ator to supp]1 & ply him ) drunk5 toa/s1 on ! v ev5+ on :i* he _h condemn$ 8 son to dea?2 sometimes 9 %e] rav+ blasphemy1 z :5 he express$ 8 furi\s indignation aga9/ ,jupit] = presum+ to ?und] :ile he 0 supp+1 or look+ at ! pantomimes2 b mo/ ( all 9 a f]ocity :i* makes ,s5eca apply to him ! "n ( ,bellua1 or wild mon/]1 & say t he seems to h be5 produc$ = ! disgrace & de/ruction ( ! human race4 ,we w quote f ! pages ( ,s5eca b "o s+le passage to ju/ify 8 rem>k t he 0 mo/ gre$y = human blood1 :i* he ord]$ to /ream 9 8 v pres5ce ) su* eag]ness z ?\gh he 7 go+ to dr9k x up ) 8 lips4 ,he says t 9 "o day he sc\rg$ & tortur$ m5 ( consul> & quae/orial p>5tage1 knights & s5ators1 n by way ( exam9ation1 b out ( pure caprice & rage2 he s]i\sly m$itat$ ! but*]y ( ! entire s5ate2 he express$ a wi% t ! ,roman p _h b a s+le neck1 t he might /rike x (f at "o bl[2 he sil5c$ ! screams or reproa*es ( 8 victims sometimes by ?ru/+ a sponge 9 _! m\?s1 sometimes by hav+ _! m\?s gagg$ ) _! own torn robes1 sometimes by ord]+ _! tongues to be cut out be=e !y 7 ?r[n to ! wild bea/s4 ,on "o occasion1 ris+ f a banquet1 he call$ = 8 slipp]s1 :i* 7 kept by ! slaves :ile ! gue/s recl9$ on ! purple c\*es1 & s impati5t 0 he = ! sight ( dea?1 t1 walk+ up & d[n 8 cov]$ portico by lamplight ) ladies & s5ators1 he !n & !re ord]$ "s ( 8 wret*$ victims to be behead$ 9 8 sight4 ,x is a s+ul> pro( ( ! unutt]able dread & dete/ation inspir$ by "s ( ^! ,caes>s1 t _! m]e c\nt5ance is said to h inspir$ angui%4 ,tacitus1 9 ! life ( 8 fa!r-9-law ,agricola1 m5tions ! %udd]+ recollection ( ! r$ face ( ,domitian1 z x look$ on at ! games4 ,s5eca speaks 9 "o place ( wret*es doom$ to und]go /ones1 sword1 fire1 & ,caius2 9 ano!r he says t he _h tortur$ ! noble/ ,romans ) ev]y?+ :i* c\ld possibly cause ! int5se/ agony1--) cords1 plates1 rack1 fire1 &1 z ?\gh x 7 ! wor/ torture ( all1 ) 8 look6 ,:at t look 01 we le>n f ,s5eca himself1 ,8 face 0 gha/ly pale1 ) a look ( insanity2 8 fi]ce1 dull eyes 7 half-hidd5 "u a wr9kl$ br[2 8 ill-%ap$ head 0 p>tly bald1 p>tly cov]$ ) dy$-hair2 8 neck cov]$ ) bri/les1 8 legs ?91 & 8 feet mis-%ap54 ,woe to ! nation t lies "u ! heel ( a brutal despotism2 treble woe to ! nation t c tol]ate a despot s brutal z ?is6 ,yet ?is 0 ! nation 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ,s5eca liv$1 & ?is 0 ! despot "u :om 8 e>ly manhood 0 sp5t4 ,b :at m (t 9 nations gr[n corrupt1 ,& by _! vices br\ght to s]vitude1 ,?an to love bondage m ?an lib]ty1 ,bondage ) ease ?an /r5u\s lib]ty8 ,x 0 "o ( ! peculi>ities ( ,caius ,caes> t he hat$ ! v exi/5ce ( any excell5ce4 ,he us$ to bully & insult ! gods !mselves1 fr[n+ ev5 at ! /atues ( ,apollo & ,jupit] ( ! ,capitol4 ,he ?\ght ( aboli%+ ,hom]1 & ord] ! works ( ,livy & ,virgil to be remov$ f all libr>ies1 because he c\ld n be> t !y %\ld be prais$4 ,he ord]$ ,julius ,graec9us to be put to dea? = no o!r reason ?an ?is1 ,t he 0 a bett] man ?an x 0 exp$i5t = a tyrant t any "o %\ld be2 =1 z ,pl9y tells u1 ! ,caes>s delib]ately pref]r$ t _! p %\ld be vici\s ?an t !y %\ld be virtu\s4 ,x 0 h>dly likely t su* a man %\ld view ) equanimity ! ris+ spl5d\r ( ,s5eca's reputation4 ,hi!rto1 ! "y man1 :o 0 ?irty-five ye>s old at ! accession ( ,caius1 _h n writt5 any ( 8 philosophic works1 b 9 all probability he _h publi%$ 8 e>ly1 & no long] extant1 treatises on e>?quakes1 on sup]/itions1 & ! books ,on ,india1 & ,on ! ,mann]s ( ,egypt1 :i* _h be5 ! fruit ( 8 e>ly travels4 ,x is probable1 too1 t he _h recit$ 9 public "s ( ^? trag$ies :i* h come d[n to u "u 8 "n1 & 9 ! composition ( :i* he 0 c]ta9ly conc]n$4 ,all ^! works1 & especially ! applause won by ! public read+ ( 8 poems1 w\ld h giv5 him t high lit]>y reputation :i* we "k him to h e>n$4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 ?is reputation1 b ! brilliancy & eloqu5ce ( 8 orations at ! b> :i* excit$ ! jeal\s hatr$ ( ! ,emp]or4 ,caius piqu$ himself on ! possession ( eloqu5ce2 &1 /range to say1 !re are isolat$ expressions ( 8 :i* seem to %[ t1 9 lucid int]vals1 he 0 by no means devoid ( intellectual acut5ess4 ,= in/ance1 !re is real hum\r & insight 9 ! nicknames ( a gold5 %eep :i* he gave to ! ri* & placid ,silanus1 & ( ,ulysses 9 petticoats1 by :i* he designat$ 8 gr&mo!r1 ! augu/ ,livia4 ,! two epigrammetic criticisms :i* he pass$ ^u ! /yle ( ,s5eca are n :olly devoid ( tru?2 he call$ 8 works ,commissiones m]as1 or m]e displays4#be ,9 ?is expression he hit (f1 happily en\gh1 ! some:at !atrical1 ! slightly p$antic & p$agogic & pr(essorial "* ( ,s5eca's diction1 its rhetorical ornam5t & anti!ses1 & its defici5cy 9 /]n mascul9e simplicity & /r5g?4 ,9 ano!r rem>k he %[$ himself a /ill m felicit\s critic4 ,he call$ ,s5eca's writ+s ,ar5u s9e ,calce1 s& )\t lime1 or1 z we might say1 a rope ( s&4 ,?is epigram %[$ a real critical faculty4 ,x exactly hits (f ,s5eca's %ort & disjo9t$ s5t5ces1 consi/+ z !y (t5 d ( deta*$ anti!ses4 ,x accords ) ! amus+ comp>ison ( ,malebran*e1 t ,s5eca's composition1 ) its p]petual & futile recurr5ces1 calls up to him ! image ( a danc] :o ends :]e he beg9s4 ,footnote #be3 ,suet4 ,calig4 liii4 ,b ,caius did n conf9e himself to clev] & malignant criticism4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 ,s5eca 0 plead+ 9 8 pres5ce1 he 0 s jeal\s & displeas$ at ! brilliancy & p[] ( ! orator t he m>k$ him out = imm$iate execution4 ,_h ,s5eca di$ at ?is p]iod he w\ld probably h be5 little kn[n1 & he might h left few traces ( 8 exi/5ce beyond a few trag$ies ( unc]ta9 au!nticity1 & possibly a pass+ notice 9 ! page ( ,dio or ,tacitus4 ,b de/9y res]v$ him = a m spl5did & m que/ionable c>e]4 ,"o ( ,caius's fav\rites :isp]$ to ! ,emp]or t x 0 useless to ext+ui% a wan+ lamp2 t ! heal? ( ! orator 0 s feeble t a natural dea? by ! progress ( 8 consumptive t5d5cies w\ld1 9 a v %ort "t1 remove him out ( ! tyrant's way4 ,?r\gh\t ! rema9d] ( ! few ye>s dur+ :i* ! reign ( ,caius cont9u$1 ,s5eca1 w>n$ 9 "t1 )drew himself into complete obscurity1 employ+ 8 en=c$ leisure 9 t unbrok5 indu/ry :i* /or$ 8 m9d ) su* encyclopa$ic weal?4 ,none ( my days1 he says1 9 describ+ at a lat] p]iod ! way 9 :i* he sp5t 8 "t1 is pass$ 9 complete ease4 ,i claim ev5 a "p ( ! night = my /udies4 ,i d n f9d leisure = sleep1 b ,i succumb to x1 & ,i keep my eyes at _! "w ev5 :5 !y are we>i$ & droop+ ) wat*fulness4 ,i h retir$1 n only f m51 b f affairs1 & especially f my own4 ,i am do+ ! "w = po/]ity2 ,i am writ+ out ?+s :i* may prove ( advantage to !m4 ,i am intru/+ to writ+ heal?ful admonitions--compositions1 z x 71 ( useful m$ic9es4 ,b ! days ( ,caius drew rapidly to an end4 ,8 gross & unhe>d-( insults to ,val]ius ,asiaticus & ,cassius ,*a]eas br\ght on him condign v5geance4 ,x is an additional pro(1 if pro( 7 want+1 ( ! degradation ( ,imp]ial ,rome1 t ! de$ ( retribution 0 due1 n to ! p :om he tax$2 n to ! soldi]s1 :ole regim5ts ( :om he _h ?reat5$ to decimate2 n to ! knights1 ( :om scores _h be5 put to dea? by 8 ord]s2 n to ! nobles1 multitudes ( :om _h be5 treat$ by him ) conspicu\s infamy2 n ev5 to ! ,s5ate1 :i* illu/ri\s body he _h on all occasions delib]ately treat$ ) contumely & hatr$1--b to ! private rev5ge ( an insult$ soldi]4 ,! weak ?9 voice ( ,cassius ,*a]eas1 tribune ( ! praetorian cohort1 _h m>k$ him out = ! co>se & calumni\s bant] ( ! imp]ial buffoon2 & he det]m9$ to av5ge himself1 & at ! same "t rid ! _w ( a mon/]4 ,he engag$ sev]al accomplices 9 ! conspiracy1 :i* 0 ne>ly fru/rat$ by _! want ( resolution4 ,= f\r :ole days !y hesitat$1 :ile day aft] day1 ,caius presid$ 9 p]son at ! bloody games ( ! amphi!atre4 ,on ! fif? day 7,jan4 #bd1 ,a4,d4 #da71 feel+ unwell aft] "o ( 8 glutton\s supp]s1 he 0 indispos$ to return to ! %[s1 b at la/ rose to d s at ! solicitation ( 8 att5dants4 ,a vault$ corridor l$ f ! palace to ! circus1 & 9 t corridor ,caius met a body ( noble ,asiatic boys1 :o 7 to dance a ,pyrrhic dance & s+ a laudatory ode ^u ! /age4 ,caius wi%$ !m at once to practice a rehe>sal 9 8 pres5ce1 b _! lead] excus$ himself on ! gr\nds ( ho>s5ess4 ,at ?is mom5t ,*a]eas ask$ him = ! wat*word ( ! night4 ,he gave ! wat*word1 ,jupit]4 ,receive him 9 8 wra?6 exclaim$ ,*a]eas1 /rik+ him on ! ?roat1 :ile almo/ at ! same mom5t ! bl[ ( ,sab9us cleft ! tyrant's jaw1 & br\ght him to 8 knee4 ,he cr\*$ 8 limbs toge!r to scre5 himself f fur!r bl[s1 scream+ al\d1 ,i live6 ,i live6 ,! be>]s ( 8 litt] ru%$ to 8 assi/ance1 & f\ght ) _! poles1 b ,caius fell pi]c$ ) ?irty w\nds2 &1 leav+ ! body welt]+ 9 its blood1 ! conspirators ru%$ out ( ! palace1 & took measures to conc]t ) ! ,s5ate a re/oration ( ! old ,republic4 ,on ! v night aft] ! murd] ! consuls gave to ,*a]eas ! long-=gott5 wat*word ( ,lib]ty4 ,b ?is little gleam ( hope prov$ delusive to ! la/ degree4 ,x 0 believ$ t ! unquiet gho/ ( ! murd]$ madman haunt$ ! palace1 & long be=e x _h be5 laid to re/ by ! =ms ( dec5t sepul*re1 a new emp]or ( ! great ,julian family 0 securely seat$ ^u ! ?rone4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,reign ,,( ,,claudius1 ,,& ,,! ,,bani%m5t ,,( ,,s5eca4 ,:ile ! s5ators 7 delib]at+1 ! soldi]s 7 act+4 ,!y felt a true1 ?\gh degrad$1 in/9ct t to re/ore ! anci5t =ms ( democratic fre$om w\ld be alike impossible & useless1 & ) !m ! only "q lay betwe5 ! rival claimants = ! vacant p[]4 ,/range to say t1 among ^! claimants1 no "o seems ev] to h ?\ght ( m5tion+ ! pr9ce :o became ! actual successor4 ,!re 0 liv+ 9 ! palace at ?is "t a bro!r ( ! great ,g]manicus1 & consequ5tly an uncle ( ! late emp]or1 ^: "n 0 ,claudius ,caes>4 ,weak5$ bo? 9 m9d & body by ! cont9u\s maladies ( an orphan$ infancy1 kept "u ! cruel tyranny ( a b>b>\s slave1 ! unhappy y\? _h liv$ 9 despis$ obscurity among ! memb]s ( a family :o 7 utt]ly a%am$ ( him4 ,8 "m ,antonia call$ him a mon/rosity1 :i* ,nature _h begun b nev] f9i%$2 & x became a prov]bial expression ) h]1 z is said to h be5 ! case ) ! "m ( ! great ,well+ton1 to say ( a dull p]son1 t he 0 a great] fool ?an h] son ,claudius4 ,8 gr&mo!r ,livia r>ely deign$ to address him except 9 ! briefe/ & bitt]e/ t]ms4 ,8 si/] ,livilla execrat$ ! m]e notion ( 8 ev] becom+ emp]or4 ,augu/us1 8 gr&fa!r by adoption1 took pa9s to keep him z mu* out ( sight z possible1 z a wool-ga!r+#bf & discr$itable memb] ( ! family1 d5i$ him all public hon\rs1 & left him a mo/ paltry legacy4 ,tib]ius1 :5 look+ out = a successor1 delib]ately pass$ him ov] z a man ( defici5t intellect4 ,caius kept him z a butt = 8 own slaps & bl[s1 & = ! l[ buffoon]y ( 8 meane/ je/]s4 ,if ! unhappy ,claudius came late = d9n]1 he w\ld f9d e place occupi$1 & pe] ab\t disconsolately amid insult+ smiles4 ,if1 z 0 8 usual cu/om1 he dropp$ asleep1 aft] a meal1 he 0 pelt$ ) olives & date-/ones1 or r\gh /ock+s 7 drawn ov] 8 h&s t he might be se5 rubb+ 8 face ) !m :5 he 0 sudd5ly awak$4 ,footnote #bf3 ,he calls him ,greek meteoros :i* implies awkw>dness & con/ant abs5ce ( m9d4 ,?is 0 ! unhappy be+ :o 0 n[ summon$ to support ! fall+ weight ( empire4 ,:ile rummag+ ! palace = plund]1 a common soldi] _h spi$ a pair ( feet protrud+ f "u ! curta9s :i* %ad$ ! sides ( an upp] corridor4 ,seiz+ ^! feet1 & inquir+ :o own$ !m1 he dragg$ out an unc\?1 panic-/rick5 mortal1 :o imm$iately pro/rat$ himself at 8 knees & begg$ h>d = m]cy4 ,x 0 ,claudius1 :o sc>$ out ( 8 wits by ! trag$y :i* he _h j beheld1 _h ?us tri$ to conceal himself until ! /orm 0 pass$4 ,:y1 ?is is ,g]manicus6 #bg exclaim$ ! soldi]1 let's make him emp]or4 ,half jok+ & half 9 e>ne/1 !y hoi/$ him on _! %\ld]s--= t]ror _h depriv$ him ( ! use ( 8 legs--& hurri$ him (f to ! camp ( ! ,praetorians4 ,mis]able & anxi\s he rea*$ ! camp1 an object ( compassion to ! cr[d ( pass]s-by1 :o believ$ t he 0 be+ hurri$ (f to execution4 ,b ! soldi]s1 :o well knew _! own int]e/s1 accept$ him ) acclamations1 ! m s z1 by a fatal prec$5t1 he promis$ !m a l>gess ( m ?an #hjl4 apiece4 ,! supple ,agrippa 7! ,h]od ( ,acts xii471 see+ h[ ! w9d lay1 (f]$ to plead 8 cause ) ! ,s5ate1 & succe$$ p>tly by argum5ts1 p>tly by intimidation1 & p>tly by hold+ out ! n unreasonable hopes ( a great improvem5t on ! previ\s reign4 ,footnote #bg3 ,! full "n ( ,claudius 0 ,tib]ius ,claudius ,drusus ,caes> ,g]manicus4 ,= al?\gh ,claudius _h be5 accus$ ( gambl+ & drunk5ness1 n only 7 no worse s9s laid to 8 *>ge1 b he _h successfully e/abli%$ "s claim to be+ consid]$ a le>n$ man4 ,_h =tune bless$ him till dea? ) a private /ation1 he might h be5 ! ,luci5 ,bonap>te ( 8 family--a /udi\s pr9ce1 :o pref]r$ ! *>ms ( lit]ature to ! turmoil ( ambition4 ,! anecdotes :i* h be5 record$ ( him %[ t he 0 some?+ ( an ar*aeologi/1 & some?+ ( a philologian4 ,! great hi/orian ,livy1 pity+ ! neglect ) :i* ! poor "y man 0 treat$1 _h enc\rag$ him 9 ! /udy ( hi/ory2 & he _h writt5 memoirs ( 8 own "t1 memoirs ( ,augu/us1 & ev5 a hi/ory ( ! civil w>s s9ce ! battle ( ,actium1 :i* 0 s correct & s c&id t 8 family indignantly suppress$ x z a fre% pro( ( 8 /upidity4 ,su* 0 ! man :o1 at ! age ( fifty1 became ma/] ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,he (f]s "s s+ul> po9ts ( resemblance to our own mo/ mighty & dread sov]eign1 ,k+ ,james ,i4 ,bo? 7 le>n$1 & bo? 7 em95tly unwise2#bh bo? ( !m 7 au?ors1 & bo? ( !m 7 p$ants2 bo? ( !m delegat$ _! highe/ p[]s to wor?less fav\rites1 & bo? ( !m enri*$ ^! fav\rites ) su* fooli% lib]ality t !y rema9$ poor !mselves4 ,bo? ( !m _h be5 t]rifi$ into con/itutional c[>dice by _! involunt>y pres5ce at de$s ( blood4 ,bo? ( !m1 ?\gh ( naturally good dispositions1 7 misl$ by selfi%ness into acts ( cruelty2 & bo? ( !m1 ?\gh labori\s 9 ! dis*>ge ( duty1 succe$$ only 9 r5d]+ royalty ridicul\s4 ,k+ ,james kept ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh 9 prison1 & ,claudius drove ,s5eca into exile4 ,! p>allel1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 has nev] be5 notic$1 b is susceptible ( be+ drawn out into ! m9ute/ p>ticul>s4 ,footnote #bh3 ,k comes1 b wisdom l+]s1 says our own poet4 ,h]aclitus _h said ! same ?+ m ?an two ?\s& ye>s be=e him1 ,greek3 polumaoiae ou dida%o4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ acts 0 to recall 8 nieces1 ,julia & ,agripp9a1 f ! exile into :i* _! bro!r _h driv5 !m2 & bo? ^! pr9cesses 7 de/9$ to effect a p[]ful influ5ce on ! life ( our philosoph]4 ,:at "p ,s5eca _h tak5 dur+ ! few tr\bl$ days aft] ! murd] ( ,caius we d n "k4 ,_h he tak5 a lead+ "p--_h he be5 "o ( ^? :o1 l ,*a]eas1 oppos$ ! election ( ,claudius z be+ m]ely ! sub/itution ( an imbecile = a lunatic1--or :o1 l ,sab9us1 refus$ to survive ! accession ( ano!r ,caes>1--we %\ld p]haps h he>d ( x2 & we mu/ !re=e assume ei!r t he 0 /ill abs5t f ,rome 9 ! retirem5t into :i* he _h be5 driv5 by ! jeal\sy ( ,caius1 or t he cont5t$ himself ) quietly wat*+ ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 8 biography is n l t ( ,cic]o1 ) ^: life we are acqua9t$ 9 mo/ trifl+ details2 b t ! curta9 rises & falls on isolat$ sc5es1 ?r[+ into sudd5 brilliancy or into ! deepe/ %ade long & important p]iods ( 8 hi/ory4 ,nor are 8 lett]s & o!r writ+s full ( ^? political & p]sonal allusions :i* conv]t !m into an autobiography4 ,!y are1 )\t exception1 occupi$ exclusively ) philosophical que/ions1 or else !y only ref] to su* p]sonal rem9isc5ces z may be/ be conv]t$ into ! text = "s ,/oical p>adox or moral declamation4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 f ! sequel t ,s5eca mu/ h seiz$ ! opportunity ( ,caius's dea? to em]ge f 8 politic obscurity1 & to occupy a conspicu\s & brilliant position 9 ! imp]ial c\rt4 ,x w\ld h be5 well = 8 own happ9ess & fame if he _h adopt$ ! wis] & manli] c\rse ( act+ up to ! doctr9es he pr(ess$4 ,a c\rt at mo/ p]iods is1 z ! poet says1 ,a gold5 b a fatal circle1 ,^u ^: magic skirts a ?\s& devils ,9 cry/al =ms sit tempt+ ,innoc5ce1 ,& beckon e>ly ,virtue f its c5tre2 b ! c\rt ( a ,caius1 ( a ,claudius1 or ( a ,n]o1 0 inde$ a place :]e9 few ( ! wise c\ld f9d a foot+1 & /ill few] ( ! good4 ,& all t ,s5eca ga9$ f 8 c>e] ( ambition 0 to be suspect$ by ! fir/ ( ^! ,emp]ors1 bani%$ by ! second1 & murd]$ by ! ?ird4 ,! fir/ few acts ( ,claudius %[$ a s5sible & k9dly disposition2 b x soon became fatally obvi\s t ! real p[]s ( ! gov]nm5t w\ld be wield$1 n by ! timid & abs5t-m9d$ ,emp]or1 b by any "o :o = ! "t be+ c\ld acquire an asc5d5cy ov] 8 well-int5tion$ b feeble disposition4 ,n[1 ! fri5ds & confid5ts ( ,claudius _h long be5 *os5 f ! ranks ( 8 fre$m54 ,z "u ,l\is ,,xi4 & ,don ,miguel1 ! b>b]s ( ^! mon>*s 7 ! real gov]nors1 s ,claudius 0 b ! m9i/] r ?an ! ma/] ( ,n>cissus 8 private secret>y1 ( ,polybius 8 lit]>y advis]1 & ( ,pallas 8 acc\ntant4 ,a ?ird p]son1 ) ^: "n ,scripture has made u famili>1 0 a fre$man ( ,claudius4 ,?is 0 ,felix1 ! bro!r ( ,pallas1 & t ,procurator :o1 ?\gh he _h be5 ! husb& or ! p>am\r ( ?ree que5s1 trembl$ be=e ! simple eloqu5ce ( a feeble & imprison$ ,jew4#bi ,^! m5 became prov]bial = _! insol5ce & weal?2 & once1 :5 ,claudius 0 compla9+ ( 8 own pov]ty1 "s "o wittily repli$1 t he w\ld h abundance if two ( 8 fre$m5 w\ld b admit him into p>tn]%ip ) !m4 ,footnote #bi3 ,acts xix4 ,b ^! m5 ga9$ additional p[] f ! c\nt5ance & intrigues ( ! "y & beautiful wife ( ,claudius1 ,val]ia ,messal9a4 ,9 8 m>riage1 z 9 all else1 ,claudius _h be5 pre-em95t 9 mis=tune4 ,he liv$ 9 an age ( :i* ! mo/ frightful sign ( depravity 0 t its wom5 71 if possible1 a %ade worse ?an its m52 & x 0 ! mis]y ( ,claudius1 z x f9ally prov$ 8 ru91 to h be5 unit$ by m>riage to ! v wor/ among !m all4 ,pr9cesses l ! ,b]5ice1 & ! ,drusilla1 & ! ,salome1 & ! ,h]odias ( ! sacr$ hi/orians 7 9 ?is age a famili> spectacle2 b none ( !m 7 s wick$ z two at lea/ ( ,claudius's wives4 ,he 0 betro!d or m>ri$ no less ?an five times4 ,! lady fir/ de/9$ = 8 bride _h be5 repudiat$ because h] p>5ts _h (f5d$ ,augu/us2 ! next di$ on ! v day int5d$ = h] nuptials4 ,by 8 fir/ actual wife1 ,urgulania1 :om he _h m>ri$ 9 e>ly y\?1 he _h two *ildr51 ,drusus & ,claudia2 ,drusus 0 accid5tally *ok$ 9 boyhood :ile try+ to swall[ a pe> :i* _h be5 ?r[n up into ! air4 ,v %ortly aft] ! bir? ( ,claudia1 discov]+ ! unfai?fulness ( ,urgulania1 ,claudius divorc$ h]1 & ord]$ ! *ild to be /ripp$ nak$ & expos$ to die4 ,8 second wife1 ,aelia ,pet9a1 seems to h be5 an unsuitable p]son1 & h] also he divorc$4 ,8 ?ird & f\r? wives liv$ to e>n a colossal infamy--,val]ia ,messal9a = h] %ameless "*1 ,agripp9a ! y\ng] = h] unscrupul\s ambition4 ,messal9a1 :5 %e m>ri$1 c\ld sc>cely h be5 fifte5 ye>s old1 yet %e at once assum$ a dom9ant position1 & secur$ x by means ( ! mo/ unblu%+ wick$ness4 ,b %e did n reign s absolutely undi/urb$ z to be )\t h] own jeal\sies & appreh5sions2 & ^! 7 ma9ly k9dl$ by ,julia & ,agripp9a1 ! two nieces ( ! ,emp]or4 ,!y 71 no less ?an h]self1 beautiful1 brilliant1 & evil-he>t$ wom51 q ready to make _! own cot]ies1 & to dispute1 z f> z !y d>$1 ! supremacy ( a bold b reckless rival4 ,!y too1 us$ _! arts1 _! weal?1 _! rank1 _! political influ5ce1 _! p]sonal fasc9ations1 to secure = !mselves a b& ( adh]5ts1 ready1 :5 ! prop] mom5t arriv$1 = any conspiracy4 ,x is unlikely t1 ev5 9 ! fir/ flu% ( h] husb&'s /range & unexpect$ triumph1 ,messal9a %\ld h contemplat$ ) any satisfaction _! return f exile4 ,9 ?is respect x is probable t ! ,emp]or succe$$ 9 resi/+ h] express$ wi%es2 s t ! m]e appe>ance ( ! two daught]s ( ,g]manicus 9 h] pres5ce 0 a /&+ witness ( ! limitations to :i* h] influ5ce 0 subject$4 ,at ?is p]iod1 z is usual among degrad$ peoples1 ! hi/ory ( ! ,romans deg5]ates into m]e anecdotes ( _! rul]s4 ,happily1 h[ev]1 x is n our duty to ent] on ! *ronique sc&aleuse ( plots & c\nt]plots1 z little tol]able to contemplate z ! factions ( ! c\rt ( ,france 9 ! wor/ p]iods ( its hi/ory4 ,we c only ask :at possible "p a philosoph] c\ld play at su* a c\rt8 ,we c only say t 8 position !re is n to ! cr$it ( 8 philosophical pr(essions2 & t we c contemplate 8 pres5ce !re ) z little satisfaction z we look on ! figure ( ! worldly & frivol\s bi%op 9 ,mr4 ,fri?'s picture ( ,! ,la/ ,sunday ( ,*>les ,,ii4 at ,:itehall4 ,& su* inconsi/5cies involve _! own retribution1 n only 9 loss ( influ5ce & fair fame1 b ev5 9 direct consequ5ces4 ,x 0 s ) ,s5eca4 ,circum/ances--possibly a g5u9e dete/ation ( ,messal9a's exceptional infamy--seem to h ?r[n him among ! p>tisans ( h] rivals4 ,messal9a 0 only wait+ h] opportunity to /rike a bl[4 ,julia1 possibly z be+ ! y\ng] & ! less p[]ful ( ! two si/]s1 0 m>k$ out z ! fir/ victim1 & ! opportunity seem$ a fav\rable "o = involv+ ,s5eca 9 h] ru94 ,8 enorm\s weal?1 8 high reputation1 8 spl5did abilities1 made him a =midable oppon5t to ! ,empress1 & a valuable ally to h] rivals4 ,x 0 det]m9$ to get rid ( bo? by a s+le s*eme4 ,julia 0 accus$ ( an intrigue ) ,s5eca1 & 0 fir/ driv5 into exile & !n put to dea?4 ,s5eca 0 bani%$ to ! b>r5 & pe/il5tial %ores ( ! isl& ( ,corsica4 ,s5eca1 z "o ( ! mo/ enlight5$ m5 ( 8 age1 %\ld h aim$ at a "* :i* w\ld h be5 above ! possibility ( suspicion3 b we mu/ rememb] t *>ges su* z ^? :i* 7 br\ght aga9/ him 7 ! easie/ ( all to make1 & ! mo/ impossible to refute4 ,:5 we consid] :o 7 ,s5eca's accus]s1 we are n =c$ to believe 8 guilt2 8 "* 0 inde$ deplorably weak1 & ! laxity ( ! age 9 su* matt]s 0 fe>fully demoralis+2 b !re are suffici5t circum/ances 9 8 fav\r to ju/ify u 9 return+ a v]dict ( ,n guilty4 ,unless we atta* an unfair importance to ! bitt] calumny ( 8 op5 enemies1 we may consid] t ! g5]al t5or ( 8 life has suffici5t weight to exculpate him f an unsupport$ accusation4 ,( ,julia1 ,suetonius expressly says t ! crime ( :i* %e 0 accus$ 0 unc]ta91 & t %e 0 condemn$ unhe>d4 ,s5eca1 on ! o!r h&1 0 tri$ 9 ! ,s5ate & f\nd guilty4 ,he tells u t x 0 n ,claudius :o flung him d[n1 b r t1 :5 he 0 fall+ headlong1 ! ,emp]or support$ him ) ! mod]ation ( 8 div9e h&2 he entreat$ ! ,s5ate on my behalf2 he n only gave me life1 b ev5 begg$ x = me4 ,let x be 8 to consid]1 adds ,s5eca1 ) ! mo/ dulcet flatt]y1 9 :at light he may wi% my cause to be reg>d$2 ei!r 8 ju/ice w f9d1 or 8 m]cy w make1 x a good cause4 ,he w alike be wor?y ( my gratitude1 :e!r 8 ultimate conviction ( my innoc5ce be due to 8 k or to 8 w4 ,?is passage enables u to conjecture h[ matt]s /ood4 ,! av>ice ( ,messal9a 0 s insatiable t ! non-confiscation ( ,s5eca's imm5se weal? is a pro( t1 = "s reason1 h] fe> or hatr$ ( him 0 n implacable4 ,al?\gh x is a rem>kable fact t %e is b>ely m5tion$1 & nev] once abus$1 9 ! writ+s ( ,s5eca1 yet !re c be no d\bt t ! *>ge 0 br\ght by h] in/igation be=e ! s5ators2 t aft] a v slight discussion1 or none at all1 ,claudius 01 or pret5d$ to be conv9c$ ( ,s5eca's culpability2 t ! s5ators1 ) _! usual abject s]vility1 at once vot$ him guilty ( high treason1 & condemn$ him to dea?1 & ! confiscation ( 8 goods2 & t ,claudius1 p]haps f 8 own respect = lit]ature1 p]haps at ! int]cession ( ,agripp9a1 or ( "s p[]ful fre$man1 remitt$ "p ( 8 s5t5ce1 j z ,k+ ,james ,i4 remitt$ all ! sev]e/ portions ( ! s5t5ce pass$ on ,francis ,bacon4 ,nei!r ! belief ( ,claudius nor ! condemnation ( ! ,s5ate furni% ! slighte/ valid pro(s aga9/ him4 ,! ,s5ate at ?is "t 7 s base & s fill$ ) t]ror1 t on "o occasion a m]e ^w ( accusation f ! fre$man ( an ,emp]or 0 suffici5t to make !m fall ^u "o ( _! numb] & /ab him to dea? ^u ! spot ) _! iron p5s4 ,z = poor ,claudius1 8 adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 pati5t & labori\s z x 01 _h already gr[n into a public joke4 ,on "o occasion he wrote d[n & deliv]$ ! wise decision1 t he agre$ ) ! side :i* _h set =? ! tru?4 ,on ano!r occasion1 a common ,greek ^: suit came be=e him grew s impati5t at 8 /upidity z to exclaim al\d1 ,y are an old fool4 ,we are n in=m$ t ! ,greek 0 puni%$4 ,roman usage all[$ a good deal ( bant] & co>se p]sonality4 ,we are told t on "o occasion ev5 ! furi\s & bloody ,caligula1 see+ a prov9cial smile1 call$ him up1 & ask$ him :at he 0 laugh+ at4 ,at y1 said ! man1 y look su* a humbug4 ,! grim tyrant 0 s /ruck ) ! hum\r ( ! ?+ t he took no fur!r notice ( x4 ,a ,roman knight aga9/ :om "s f\l *>ge _h be5 trump$ up1 see+ ,claudius li/5+ to ! mo/ contemptible & wor?less evid5ce aga9/ him1 indignantly abus$ him = 8 cruel /upidity1 & flung 8 p5 & tablets 9 8 face s viol5tly z to cut 8 *eek4 ,9 fact1 ! ,emp]or's s+ul> abs5ce ( m9d gave rise to endless anecdotes4 ,among o!r ?+s1 :5 "s condemn$ crim9als 7 to fight z gladiators1 & address$ him be=e ! games 9 ! sublime =mula--,ave1 ,imp]ator1 morituri te salutamus6 7,hail1 ,caes>6 doom$ to die1 we salute !e67 he gave ! s+ul>ly inappropriate answ]1 ,avete vos6 7,hail ye also67 :i* !y took z a sign ( p>don1 & 7 unwill+ to fight until !y 7 actually =c$ to d s by ! ge/ures ( ! ,emp]or4 ,! decision ( su* judges z ,claudius & 8 ,s5ate is wor? v little 9 ! "q ( a man's innoc5ce or guilt2 b ! s5t5ce 0 t ,s5eca %\ld be bani%$ to ! isl& ( ,corsica4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,s5eca ,,9 ,,exile4 ,s1 9 ,a4,d4 #da1 9 ! prime ( life & ! full vig\r ( 8 faculties1 ) a "n /a9$ by a *>ge ( :i* he may h be5 innoc5t1 b ( :i* he 0 condemn$ z guilty1 ,s5eca bade f>ewell to 8 noble-m9d$ "m1 to 8 lov+ aunt1 to 8 bro!rs1 ! belov$ ,gallio & ! lit]>y ,mela1 to 8 nephew1 ! ard5t & promis+ "y ,lucan1 &1 above all--:i* co/ him ! sev]e/ pang--to ,m>cus1 8 sweet & prattl+ boy4 ,x 0 a calamity :i* might h %ak5 ! =titude ( ! v noble/ s\l1 & x _h by no means come ^u him s+le h&$4 ,already he _h lo/ 8 wife1 he _h suff]$ f acute & *ronic ill-heal?1 he _h be5 b]eav$ b ?ree weeks previ\sly ( ano!r little son4 ,he _h be5 cut %ort by ! jeal\sy ( "o emp]or f a c>e] ( spl5did success2 he 0 n[ bani%$ by ! imbecile subs]vi5ce ( ano!r f all t he held mo/ de>4 ,we are h>dly able to conceive ! int5sity ( angui% ) :i* an anci5t ,roman g5]ally reg>d$ ! ?\ght ( bani%m5t4 ,9 ! long melan*oly wail ( ,ovid's ,tri/ia2 9 ! bitt] & he>t-r5d+ compla9ts ( ,cic]o's ,epi/les1 we may see some?+ ( t int5se absorption 9 ! life ( ,rome :i* to mo/ ( h] em95t citiz5s made a p]man5t sep>ation f ! city & its int]e/s a ?\ght almo/ z t]rible z dea? itself4 ,ev5 ! /oical & h]oic ,?rasea op5ly confess$ t he %\ld pref] dea? to exile4 ,to a he>t s affectionate1 to a disposition s social1 to a m9d s active & ambiti\s z t ( ,s5eca1 x mu/ h be5 d\bly bitt] to ex*ange ! happ9ess ( 8 family circle1 ! spl5d\r ( an imp]ial c\rt1 ! luxuries ( enorm\s weal?1 ! ref9$ society ( /atesm51 & ! ennobl+ int]c\rse ( philosoph]s = ! savage wa/es ( a rocky isl& & ! society ( boori% illit]ate isl&]s1 or at ! be/1 ( a few o!r political exiles1 all ( :om w\ld be z mis]able z himself1 & "s ( :om w\ld probably h des]v$ _! fate4 ,! ,m$it]anean rocks select$ = political exiles--,gy>os1 ,s]iphos1 ,scya?os1 ,patmos1 ,pontia1 ,p&at>ia--7 g5]ally rocky1 b>r51 fev]-/rick5 places1 *os5 by design z ! mo/ wret*$ conceivable spots 9 :i* human life c\ld be ma9ta9$ at all4 ,yet ^! isl&s 7 cr[d$ ) exiles1 & 9 !m 7 to be f\nd n a few pr9cesses ( ,caes>ian orig94 ,we mu/ n draw a p>allel to _! position f t ( an ,eleanor1 ! wife ( ,duke ,humphrey1 immur$ 9 ,peel ,ca/le 9 ! ,isle ( ,man1 or ( a ,m>y ,/u>t 9 ! ,isle ( ,lo* ,lev9--= x 0 some?+ incomp>ably worse4 ,no c>e 0 tak5 ev5 to provide = _! actual wants4 ,_! v lives 7 n secure4 ,agrippa ,po/humus & ,n]o1 ! bro!rs ( ! ,emp]or ,caligula1 _h be5 s r$uc$ by />vation t bo? ( ! wret*$ y\?s _h be5 driv5 to support life by eat+ ! mat]ials ) :i* _! b$s 7 /uff$4 ,! ,emp]or ,caius _h once ask$ an exile1 :om he _h recall$ f bani%m5t1 9 :at mann] he _h be5 accu/om$ to employ 8 "t on ! isl&4 ,i us$1 said ! flatt]]1 to pray t ,tib]ius might die1 & t y might succe$4 ,x imm$iately /ruck ,caius t ! exiles :om he _h bani%$ might be simil>ly employ$1 & accord+ly he s5t c5turions r\nd ! isl&s to put !m all to dea?4 ,su* 7 ! mis]able circum/ances :i* might be 9 /ore = a political outlaw4#cj ,if we imag9e :at mu/ h be5 ! feel+s ( a d',esprmnil1 :5 a lettee de ca*et consign$ him to a prison 9 ! ,isle d',hires2 or :at a man l ,burke might h felt1 if he _h be5 compell$ to retire = life to ! ,b]mudas2 we may realize to "s ext5t ! heavy trial :i* n[ befel ! life ( ,s5eca4 ,footnote #cj3 ,among ! ,jews ! homicides :o _h fl$ to a city ( refuge 7 set free on ! high prie/'s dea?1 &1 9 ord] to prev5t !m f pray+ = 8 dea?1 ! "m & o!r relatives ( ! high prie/ us$ to supply !m ) clo!s & o!r necess>ies4 ,see ! au?or's article on ,asylum 9 ,kitto's ,encyclop$ia 7ed4 ,alex&]47 ,corsica 0 ! isl& *os5 = 8 place ( bani%m5t1 & a spot m un9vit+ c\ld h>dly h be5 select$4 ,x 0 an isl& %aggy & savage1 int]sect$ f nor? to s\? by a *a9 ( wild1 inaccessible m\nta9s1 clo!d to _! summits ) gloomy & imp5etrable =e/s ( p9e & fir4 ,its untamable inhabitants are describ$ by ! geograph] ,/rabo z be+ wild] ?an ! wild bea/s4 ,x produc$ b little corn1 & sc>cely any fruit-trees4 ,x ab\nd$1 inde$1 9 sw>ms ( wild bees1 b its v honey 0 bitt] & unpalatable1 f be+ infect$ ) ! acrid ta/e ( ! box-fl[]s on :i* !y f$4 ,nei!r gold nor silv] 7 f\nd !re2 x produc$ no?+ wor? export+1 & b>ely suffici5t = ! m]e necess>ies ( its inhabitants2 x rejoic$ 9 no great navigable riv]s1 & ev5 ! trees1 9 :i* x ab\nd$1 7 nei!r beautiful nor fruitful4 ,s5eca describes x 9 m ?an "o ( 8 epigrams1 z a ,t]rible isle1 :5 e>lie/ summ] gl[s ,yet fi]c] :5 8 face ! dog-/> %[s2 & aga9 z a ,b>b>\s l&1 :i* rugg$ rocks surr\nd1 ,^: horr5t cliffs ) idle wa/es are cr[n$1 ,no autumn fruit1 no til? ! summ] yields1 ,nor olives *e] ! w9t]-silv]$ fields3 ,nor joy\s spr+ h] t5d] foliage l5ds1 ,nor g5ial h]b ! luckless soil befri5ds2 ,nor bread1 nor sacr$ fire1 nor fre%5+ wave2-- ,n\ght "h--save exile1 & ! exile's grave6 ,9 su* a place1 & "u su* conditions1 ,s5eca _h ample ne$ = all 8 philosophy4 ,& at fir/ x did n fail him4 ,t[>ds ! close ( 8 fir/ ye> ( exile he wrote ! ,consolation to 8 "m ,helvia1 :i* is "o ( ! noble/ & mo/ *>m+ ( all 8 works4 ,he _h (t5 ?\ght1 he said1 ( writ+ to console h] "u ?is deep & :olly unlook$-= trial1 b hi!rto he _h ab/a9$ f do+ s1 le/1 :ile 8 own angui% & h]s 7 fre%1 he %\ld only r5ew ! pa9 ( ! w\nd by 8 unskilful treatm5t4 ,he wait$1 !re=e till "t _h laid its heal+ h& ^u h] sorr[s1 especially because he f\nd no prec$5t = "o 9 8 position condol+ ) o!rs :5 he himself seem$ m 9 ne$ ( consolation1 & because some?+ new & admirable w\ld be requir$ ( a man :o1 z x 71 rais$ 8 head f ! fun]al pyre to console 8 fri5ds4 ,/ill he n[ feels impell$ to write to h]1 because to alleviate h] regrets w be to lay aside 8 own4 ,he does n attempt to conceal f h] ! magnitude ( ! mis=tune1 because s f> f be+ a m]e novice 9 sorr[1 %e has ta/$ x f h] e>lie/ ye>s 9 all its v>ieties2 & because 8 purpose 0 to conqu] h] grief1 n to ext5uate its causes4 ,^? _m mis]ies w\ld inde$ h be5 9 va91 if !y _h n taught h] h[ to be> wret*$ness4 ,he w prove to h] !re=e t %e has no cause to grieve ei!r on 8 acc\nt1 or on h] own4 ,n on 8--because he is happy among circum/ances :i* o!rs w\ld ?9k mis]able & because he assures h] ) 8 own lips t n only is he n mis]able1 b t he c nev] be made s4 ,e "o c secure 8 own happ9ess1 if he le>ns to seek x1 n 9 ext]nal circum/ances1 b 9 himself4 ,he _c inde$ claim = himself ! title ( wise1 =1 if s1 he w\ld be ! mo/ =tunate ( m51 & ne> to ,god ,himself2 b1 :i* is ! next be/ ?+1 he has devot$ himself to ! /udy ( wise m51 & f !m he has le>nt to expect no?+ & to be prep>$ = all ?+s4 ,! bless+s :i* ,=tune _h hi!rto be/[$ on him1--weal?1 hon\rs1 glory1--he _h plac$ 9 su* a position t %e might rob him ( !m all )\t di/urb+ him4 ,!re 0 a great space betwe5 !m & himself1 s t !y c\ld be tak5 b n torn away4 ,undazzl$ by ! glam\r ( prosp]ity1 he 0 un%ak5 by ! bl[ ( adv]sity4 ,9 circum/ances :i* 7 ! envy ( all m5 he _h nev] se5 any real or solid bless+1 b r a pa9t$ empt9ess1 a gild$ deception2 & simil>ly he f\nd no?+ really h>d or t]rible 9 ills :i* ! common voice has s describ$4 ,:at1 = in/ance1 0 exile8 x 0 b a *ange ( place1 an abs5ce f "o's native l&2 &1 if y look$ at ! sw>m+ multitudes 9 ,rome itself1 y w\ld f9d t ! majority ( !m 7 practically 9 cont5t$ & will+ exile1 drawn ?i!r by necessity1 by ambition1 or by ! se>* = ! be/ opportunities ( vice4 ,no isle s wret*$ & s bleak :i* did n attract "s volunt>y soj\rn]s2 ev5 ?is precipit\s & nak$ rock ( ,corsica1 ! hungrie/1 r\ghe/1 mo/ savage1 mo/ unheal?y spot conceivable1 _h m =eign]s 9 x ?an native inhabitants4 ,! natural re/lessness & mobility ( ! human m9d1 :i* arose f its ae!rial orig91 drove m5 to *ange f place to place4 ,! colonies ( diff]5t nations1 scatt]$ all ov] ! civiliz$ & unciviliz$ _w ev5 9 spots ! mo/ *illy & un9vit+1 %[ t ! condition ( place is no necess>y +r$i5t 9 human happ9ess4 ,ev5 ,corsica _h (t5 *ang$ its own]s2 ,greeks f ,m>seilles _h fir/ liv$ !re1 !n ,ligurians & ,spani>ds1 !n "s ,roman coloni/s1 :om ! aridity & ?orn9ess ( ! rock _h n kept away4 ,v>ro ?\ght t nature1 ,brutus t ! consci\sness ( virtue1 7 suffici5t consolations = any exile4 ,h[ little h ,i lo/ 9 comp>ison ) ^? two faire/ possessions :i* ,i %all ev]y:]e enjoy--nature & my own integrity6 ,:oev] or :atev] made ! _w--:e!r x 7 a deity1 or disembodi$ reason1 or a div9e int]fus+ _s1 or de/9y1 or an immutable s]ies ( connect$ causes--! result 0 t no?+1 except our v meane/ possessions1 %\ld dep5d on ! w ( ano!r4 ,man's be/ gifts lie beyond ! p[] ( man ei!r to give or to take away4 ,?is ,univ]se1 ! gr&e/ & lovelie/ "w ( nature1 & ! ,intellect :i* 0 creat$ to obs]ve & to admire x1 are our special & et]nal possessions1 :i* %all la/ z long z we la/ ourselves4 ,*e]ful1 !re=e1 & erect1 let u ha/5 ) undaunt$ foot/eps :i!rsoev] our =tunes lead u4 ,!re is no l& :]e man _c dwell1--no l& :]e he _c uplift 8 eyes to heav52 :]ev] we are1 ! di/ance ( ! div9e f ! human rema9s ! same4 ,s !n1 z long z my eyes are n robb$ ( t spectacle ) :i* !y _c be satiat$1 s long z ,i may look ^u ! sun & moon1 & fix my l+]+ gaze on ! o!r con/ellations1 & consid] _! ris+ & sett+ & ! spaces betwe5 !m & ! causes ( _! less & great] spe$1--:ile ,i may contemplate ! multitude ( />s glitt]+ ?r\gh\t ! heav51 "s /ation>y1 "s revolv+1 "s sudd5ly blaz+ =?1 o!rs dazzl+ ! gaze ) a flood ( fire z ?\gh !y fell1 & o!rs leav+ ov] a long space _! trails ( light2 :ile ,i am 9 ! mid/ ( su* ph5om5a1 & m+le myself1 z f> z a man may1 ) ?+s cele/ial1--:ile my s\l is ev] occupi$ 9 contemplations s sublime z ^!1 :at matt]s x :at gr\nd ,i tread8 ,:at ?\gh =tune has ?r[n me :]e ! mo/ magnific5t abode is b a cottage8 ! humble/ cottage1 if x be b ! home ( virtue1 may be m beautiful ?an all temples2 no place is n>r[ :i* c conta9 ! cr[d ( glori\s virtues2 no exile sev]e into :i* y may g ) su* a reliance4 ,:5 ,brutus left ,m>cellus at ,mityl5e1 he seem$ to be himself go+ into exile because he left t illu/ri\s exile beh9d him4 ,caes> w\ld n l& at ,mityl5e1 because he blu%$ to see him4 ,m>cellus !re=e1 ?\gh he 0 liv+ 9 exile & pov]ty1 0 liv+ a mo/ happy & a mo/ noble life4 ',"o self-approv+ h\r :ole worlds outweighs ,( /upid />]s & ( l\d huzzas2 ,& m true joy ,m>cellus exil$ feels1 ,?an ,caes> ) a s5ate at 8 heels4' ,& z = pov]ty e "o :o is n corrupt$ by ! madness ( av>ice & luxury "k t x is no evil4 ,h[ little does man ne$1 & h[ easily c he secure t6 ,z = me1 ,i consid] myself z hav+ lo/ n weal?1 b ! tr\ble ( look+ aft] x4 ,bodily wants are few--w>m? & food1 no?+ m4 ,may ! gods & goddesses conf\nd t gluttony :i* sweeps ! sky1 & sea & l& = birds1 & animals1 & fi%2 :i* eats to vomit & vomits to eat1 & hunts ov] ! :ole _w = t :i* aft] all x _c ev5 dige/6 ,!y might satisfy _! hung] ) little1 & !y excite x ) mu*4 ,:at h>m c pov]ty inflict on a man :o despises su* excesses8 ,look at ! god-l & h]oic pov]ty ( our ance/ors1 & comp>e ! simple glory ( a ,camillus ) ! la/+ infamy ( a luxuri\s ,apicius6 ,ev5 exile w yield a suffici5cy ( necess>ies1 b n ev5 k+doms are en\gh = sup]fluities4 ,x is ! s\l t makes u ri* or poor3 & ! s\l foll[s u into exile1 & f9ds & enjoys its own bless+s ev5 9 ! mo/ b>r5 solitudes4 ,b x does n ev5 ne$ philosophy to enable u to despise pov]ty4 ,look at ! poor3 are !y n (t5 obvi\sly happi] ?an ! ri*8 ,& ! times are s *ang$ t :at we w\ld n[ consid] ! pov]ty ( an exile w\ld !n h be5 reg>d$ z ! patrimony ( a pr9ce4 ,protect$ by su* prec$5ts z ^? ( ,hom]1 & ,z5o1 & ,m55ius ,agrippa1 & ,regulus1 & ,scipio1 pov]ty becomes n only safe b ev5 e/imable4 ,& if y make ! objection t ! ills :i* assail me are n exile only1 or pov]ty only1 b disgrace z well1 ,i reply t ! s\l :i* is h>d en\gh to resi/ "o w\nd is invuln]able to all4 ,if we h utt]ly conqu]$ ! fe> ( dea?1 no?+ else c daunt u4 ,:at is disgrace to "o :o /&s above ! op9ion ( ! multitude8 :at 0 ev5 a dea? ( disgrace to ,socrates1 :o by ent]+ a prison made x cease to be disgraceful8 ,cato 0 twice defeat$ 9 8 c&idature = ! praetor%ip & consul%ip3 well1 ?is 0 ! disgrace ( ^? hon\rs1 & n ( ,cato4 ,no "o c be despis$ by ano!r until he has le>n$ to despise himself4 ,! man :o has le>n$ to triumph ov] sorr[ we>s 8 mis]ies z ?\gh !y 7 sacr$ fillets ^u 8 br[1 & no?+ is s entirely admirable z a man bravely wret*$4 ,su* m5 inflict disgrace ^u disgrace itself4 ,"s inde$ say t dea? is pref]able to contempt2 to :om ,i reply t he :o is great :5 he falls is great 9 8 pro/ration1 & is no m an object ( contempt ?an :5 m5 tread on ! ru9s ( sacr$ build+s1 :i* m5 ( piety v5]ate no less ?an if !y /ood4 ,on my behalf !re=e1 de>e/ "m2 y h no cause = endless weep+3 nor h y on y\r own4 ,y _c grieve = me on selfi% gr\nds1 9 consequ5ce ( any p]sonal loss to y\rself2 = y 7 ev] em95tly unselfi%1 & unlike o!r wom5 9 all y\r deal+s ) y\r sons1 & y 7 always a help & a b5efactor to !m r ?an !y to y4 ,nor %\ld y give way out ( a regret & long+ = me 9 my abs5ce4 ,we h (t5 previ\sly be5 sep>at$1 &1 al?\gh x is natural t y %\ld miss t delightful conv]sation1 t unre/rict$ confid5ce1 t electrical sympa?y ( he>t & intellect t always exi/$ betwe5 u1 & t boyi% glee :]e) y\r visits always affect$ me1 yet1 z y rise above ! common h]d ( wom5 9 virtue1 ! simplicity1 ! purity ( y\r life1 y mu/ ab/a9 f fem99e te>s z y h done f all fem99e follies4 ,consid] h[ ,cornelia1 :o _h lo/ t5 *ildr5 by dea?1 in/ead ( wail+ = h] dead sons1 ?ank$ =tune t _h made h] sons ,grac*i4 ,rutilia foll[$ h] son ,cotta into exile s de>ly did %e love him1 yet no "o saw h] %$ a te> aft] 8 burial4 ,%e _h %[n h] affection :5 x 0 ne$ful1 %e re/ra9$ h] sorr[ :5 x 0 sup]fl\s4 ,imitate ! example ( ^! great wom5 z y h imitat$ _! virtues4 ,i want y n to beguile y\r sorr[ by amusem5ts or occupations1 b to conqu] x4 ,= y may n[ return to ^? philosophical /udies 9 :i* y once %[$ y\rself s apt a pr(ici5t1 & :i* =m]ly my fa!r *eck$4 ,!y w gradually su/a9 & com=t y 9 y\r h\r ( grief4 ,& mean:ile consid] h[ _m s\rces ( consolation already exi/ = y4 ,my bro!rs are /ill ) y2 ! dignity ( ,gallio1 ! leisure ( ,mela1 w protect y2 ! ev]-sp>kl+ mir? ( my d>l+ little ,m>cus w *e] y up2 ! tra9+ ( my little fav\rite ,novatilla w be a duty :i* w assuage y\r sorr[4 ,= y\r fa!r's sake1 too1 ?\gh he is abs5t f y1 y mu/ mod]ate y\r lam5tations4 ,above all1 y\r si/]--t truly fai?ful1 lov+1 & high-s\l$ lady1 to :om ,i owe s deep a debt ( affection = h] k9dness to me f my cradle until n[1--%e w yield y ! fonde/ sympa?y & ! true/ consolation4 ,b s9ce ,i "k t aft] all y\r ?\ghts w con/antly rev]t to me1 & t none ( y\r *ildr5 w be m frequ5tly be=e y\r m9d ?an ,i1--n because !y are less de> to y ?an ,i1 b because x is natural to lay ! h& mo/ (t5 ^u ! spot :i* pa9s1--,i w tell y h[ y are to ?9k ( me4 ,?9k ( me z happy & *e]ful1 z ?\gh ,i 7 9 ! mid/ ( bless+s2 z inde$ ,i am1 :ile my m9d1 free f e c>e1 has leisure = its own pursuits1 & sometimes amuses itself ) light] /udies1 sometimes1 eag] = tru?1 so>s upw>ds to ! contemplation ( its own nature1 & ! nature ( ! univ]se4 ,x inquires fir/ ( all ab\t ! l&s & _! situation2 !n into ! condition ( ! surr\nd+ sea1 its ebb+s & fl[+s2 !n x c>efully /udies all ?is t]ror-fraught int]space betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 tumultu\s ) ?und]s & lightn+s1 & ! bla/s ( w9ds1 & ! %[]s ( ra91 & sn[ & hail2 !n1 hav+ w&]$ ?r\gh all ! l[] regions1 x bur/s upw>ds to ! highe/ ?+s1 & revels 9 ! mo/ lovely--spectacle ( t :i* is div9e1 &1 m9dful ( its own et]nity1 passes into all t ha? be5 & all t %all be ?r\gh\t all ages4 ,su* 9 briefe/ outl9e1 & )\t any ( t grace ( language ) :i* ,s5eca has inve/$ x1 is a sket* ( ! little treatise :i* _m h reg>d$ z among ! mo/ delightful ( ,s5eca's works4 ,x pres5ts ! picture ( t gr&e/ ( all spectacles-- ,a good man /ruggl+ ) ! /orms ( fate4 ,s f> !re 0 some?+ truly ,/oical 9 ! aspect ( ,s5eca's exile4 ,b 0 ?is gr& attitude consi/5tly ma9ta9$8 ,did 8 little raft ( philosophy s9k "u him1 or did x be> him safely ov] ! /ormy waves ( ?is great sea ( adv]sity4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,s5eca',s ,,philosophy ,,gives ,,way4 ,!re are "s mis=tunes ( :i* ! v ess5ce consi/s 9 _! cont9uance4 ,!y are tol]able s long z !y are illum9at$ by a ray ( hope4 ,seclusion & h>d%ip might ev5 come at fir/ ) "s *>m ( novelty to a philosoph] :o1 z 0 n unfrequ5t among ! amateur ?9k]s ( 8 "t1 occasionally practis$ !m 9 ! v mid/ ( weal? & fri5ds4 ,b z ! hopeless ye>s roll$ on1 z ! ef=ts ( fri5ds prov$ unavail+1 z ! lov+ son1 & husb&1 & fa!r felt himself cut (f f ! society ( ^? :om he *]i%$ 9 su* t5d] affection1 z ! dre>y isl& seem$ to him ev] m b>b>\s & m b>r51 :ile season aft] season add$ to its horrors )\t reveal+ a s+le comp5sation1 ,s5eca grew m & m disconsolate & depress$4 ,x seem$ to be 8 mis]able de/9y to ru/ away1 useless1 unbefri5d$1 & =gott54 ,=m$ to fasc9ate society1 "h !re 7 none = him to fasc9ate2 gift$ ) an eloqu5ce :i* c\ld keep li/5+ s5ates hu%$1 "h he f\nd nei!r subject nor audi5ce2 & 8 life began to resemble a riv] :i*1 long be=e x has rea*$ ! sea1 is lo/ 9 dre>y m>%es & *ok+ s&s4 ,l ! brilliant ,ovid1 :5 he 0 bani%$ to ! froz5 wilds ( ,tomi1 ,s5eca v5t$ 8 angui% 9 pla9tive wail+ & bitt] v]se4 ,9 8 h&ful ( epigrams he f9ds no?+ too sev]e = ! place ( 8 exile4 ,he cries-- ,sp>e ?\ ?9e exiles1 lightly o'er ?y dead1 ,alive1 yet buri$1 be ?y du/ bespread4 ,& address+ "s malignant enemy-- ,:oe'er ?\ art1--?y "n %all ,i repeat8-- ,:o o'er m9e a%es d>'/ to press ?y feet1 ,&1 uncont5t$ ) a fall s dread1 ,draw'/ blood/a9$ weapons on my d>k5$ head1 ,bew>e6 = nature1 pity+1 gu>ds ! tomb1 ,& gho/s av5ge ?' invad]s ( _! gloom1 ,he>1 ,envy1 he> ! gods proclaim a tru?1 ,:i* my %rill gho/ repeats to move ?y ru?1 ,,wret*es ,,are ,,sacr$ ,,?+s1--?y h&s refra93 ,e'en sacrilegi\s h&s f ,,tombs ab/a94 ,! "o fact t seems to h haunt$ him mo/ 0 t 8 abode 9 ,corsica 0 a liv+ dea?4 ,b ! mo/ complete picture ( 8 /ate ( m9d1 & ! mo/ melan*oly memorial ( 8 inconsi/5cy z a philosoph]1 is to be f\nd 9 8 ,consolation to ,polybius4 ,polybius 0 "o ( ^? fre$m5 ( ! ,emp]or ^: bloat$ weal? & s]vile insol5ce 7 "o ( ! d>ke/ & /range/ ph5om5a ( ! "t4 ,claudius1 m ?an any ( 8 class1 f ! peculi> imbecility ( 8 "*1 0 "u ! p[]ful influ5ce ( ?is class ( m52 & s dang]\s 0 _! p[] t ,messal9a h]self 0 =c$ to w9 h] asc5d5cy ov] h] husb&'s m9d by mak+ ^! m5 h] support]s1 & cultivat+ _! fav\r4 ,su* 7 ! mo/ excell5t ,felix1 ! judge ( ,/4 ,paul1 & ! slave :o became a husb& to ?ree que5s1--,n>cissus1 9 ^: h\sehold 7:i* mov$ ! envy ( ! ,emp]or7 7 "s ( ^? ,*ri/ians to :om ,/4 ,paul s5ds greet+s f ! ,*ri/ians ( ,cor9?1#ca--,pallas1 :o nev] deign$ to speak to 8 own slaves1 b gave all 8 comm&s by signs1 & :o actually condesc5d$ to receive ! ?anks ( ! ,s5ate1 because he1 ! desc5dant ( ,etruscan k+s1 yet condesc5d$ to s]ve ! ,emp]or & ! ,commonweal?2 a prepo/]\s & outrage\s complim5t1 :i* appe>s to h be5 solely due to ! fact ( 8 "n be+ id5tical ) t ( ,virgil's "y h]o1 ! son ( ! my?ic ,ev&]6 ,footnote #ca3 ,rom4 xvi4 #aa4 ,among ?is unwor?y crew a c]ta9 ,polybius 0 n ! lea/ conspicu\s4 ,he 0 ! director ( ! ,emp]or's /udies1--a wor?y ,alcu9 to su* a ,*>lemagne4 ,all t we "k ab\t him is t he 0 once ! fav\rite ( ,messal9a1 & aft]w>ds h] victim1 & t 9 ! day ( 8 em95ce ! fav\r ( ! ,emp]or plac$ him s high t he 0 (t5 se5 walk+ betwe5 ! two consuls4 ,su* 0 ! man to :om1 on ! occasion ( 8 bro!r's dea?1 ,s5eca address$ ?is treatise ( consolation4 ,x has come d[n to u z a fragm5t1 & x w\ld h be5 well = ,s5eca's fame if x _h n come d[n to u at all4 ,^? :o are en?usia/ic = 8 reputation w\ld gladly prove x spuri\s1 b we believe t no c&id read] c /udy x )\t p]ceiv+ its g5u95ess4 ,x is v improbable t he ev] int5d$ x to be publi%$1 & :oev] suff]$ x to see ! light 0 ! successful enemy ( its illu/ri\s au?or4 ,its sad & abject tone confirms ! inf]5ce1 drawn f an allusion :i* x conta9s1 t x 0 writt5 t[>ds ! close ( ! ?ird ye> ( ,s5eca's exile4 ,he apologises = its /yle by say+ t if x betray$ any weakness ( ?\ght or inelegance ( expression ?is 0 only :at might be expect$ f a man :o _h s long be5 surr\nd$ by ! co>se & (f5sive patois ( b>b>ians4 ,we ne$ h>dly foll[ him into ! ord9>y topics ( moral philosophy ) :i* x ab\nds1 or expose ! inconsi/5cy ( its tone ) t ( ,s5eca's o!r writ+s4 ,he consoles ! fre$man ) ! common commonplaces t dea? is inevitable2 t grief is useless2 t we are all born to sorr[2 t ! dead w\ld n wi% u to be mis]able = _! sakes4 ,he rem9ds him t1 ow+ to 8 illu/ri\s position1 all eyes are ^u him4 ,he bids him f9d consolation 9 ! /udies 9 :i* he has always %[n himself s pre-em95t1 & la/ly he ref]s him to ^? %9+ examples ( magnanim\s =titude1 = ! climax ( :i*1 no d\bt1 ! :ole piece ( int]e/$ flatt]y 0 compos$4 ,= ?is passage1 writt5 9 a cresc5do /yle1 culm9ates1 z might h be5 expect$1 9 ! sublime spectacle ( ,claudius ,caes>4 ,s f> f res5t+ 8 exile1 he crawls 9 ! du/ to kiss ,caes>'s b5efic5t feet = sav+ him f dea?2 s f> f ass]t+ 8 innoc5ce--:i*1 p]haps1 0 impossible1 s9ce to d s might h involv$ him 9 a fre% *>ge ( treason--he talks ) all ! abjectness ( guilt4 ,he belauds ! clem5cy ( a man1 :o1 he tells u else:]e1 us$ to kill m5 ) z mu* sang froid z a dog eats (fal2 ! prodigi\s p[]s ( memory ( a div9e creature :o us$ to ask p to dice & to d9n] :om he _h execut$ ! day be=e1 & :o ev5 inquir$ z to ! cause ( 8 wife's abs5ce a few days aft] hav+ giv5 ! ord] = h] execution2 ! extraord9>y eloqu5ce ( an indi/9ct /utt]]1 ^: head %ook & ^: broad lips seem$ to be 9 contortions :5ev] he spoke4#cb ,if ,polybius feels sorr[ful1 let him turn 8 eyes to ,caes>2 ! spl5d\r ( t mo/ great & radiant deity w s dazzle 8 eyes t all _! te>s w be dri$ up 9 ! admir+ gaze4 ,oh t ! bright occid5tal /> :i* has beam$ on a _w :i*1 be=e its ris+1 0 plung$ 9 d>kness & deluge1 w\ld only %$ "o little beam ^u him6 ,footnote #cb3 ,^! slight discrepancies ( description are tak5 f c\nt] passages ( ,consol1 ad ,polyb44 & ! ,ludus de ,morte ,caes>is4 ,no d\bt ^! grotesque & gorge\s flatt]ies1 contra/+ /rangely ) ! bitt] language ( int5se hatr$ & sca?+ contempt :i* ,s5eca p\r$ out on ! memory ( ,claudius aft] 8 dea?1 7 p5n$ ) ! sole purpose ( be+ repeat$ 9 ^? div9e & b5ignant e>s4 ,no d\bt ! sup]b fre$man1 :o _h be5 all[$ s ri* a %>e ( ! flatt]ies lavi%$ on 8 ma/]1 w\ld take ! opportunity--if n out ( good nature1 at lea/ out ( vanity1--to retail !m 9 ! imp]ial e>4 ,if ! mom5t 7 b fav\rable1 :o kn[s b :at at "s oblivi\s & crapul\s mom5t ! ,emp]or might be induc$ to sign an ord] = our philosoph]'s recall8 ,let u n be h>d on him4 ,exile & wret*$ness are /]n trials1 & x is difficult = him to brave a m>tyr's mis]y :o has no conception ( a m>tyr's cr[n4 ,to a man :o1 l ,s5eca1 aim$ at be+ n only a philosoph]1 b also a man ( ! _w--:o 9 ?is v treatise criticises ! ,/oics = _! ignorance ( life--!re w\ld n h seem$ to be ev5 ! %ad[ ( disgrace 9 a private effusion ( ins9c]e flatt]y int5d$ to w9 ! remission ( a deplorable bani%m5t4 ,or1 if we condemn ,s5eca1 let u rememb] t ,*ri/ians1 no less ?an philosoph]s1 h atta9$ a high] em95ce only to exemplify a m disa/r\s fall4 ,! flatt]ies ( ,s5eca to ,claudius are n m fulsome1 & are inf9itely less disgraceful1 ?an ^? :i* fawn+ bi%ops exud$ on 8 c\nt]p>t1 ,k+ ,james4 ,& if ! ,roman ,/oic c ga9 no?+ f a comp>ison ) ! yet m egregi\s moral failure ( ! greate/ ( ,*ri/ian ?9k]s---,francis ,bacon1 ,visc\nt ,/4 ,alban's--let u n =get t a ,savon>ola & a ,cranm] recant$ "u torm5t1 & t ! angui% ( exile drew ev5 f ! />ry & imp]ial _s ( ,dante ,alighi]i words & s5tim5ts = :i* 9 8 noble/ mom5ts he might h blu%$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,s5eca',s ,,recall ,,f ,,exile4 ,( ! la/ five ye>s ( ,s5eca's we>y exile no trace has be5 pres]v$ to u4 ,:at 7 8 alt]nations ( hope & fe>1 ( devotion to philosophy & ( hank]+ aft] ! _w :i* he _h lo/1 we _c tell4 ,any hopes :i* he may h ent]ta9$ respect+ ! int]v5tion ( ,polybius 9 8 fav\r mu/ h be5 utt]ly qu5*$ :5 he he>d t ! fre$man1 ?\gh =m]ly p[]ful ) ,messal9a1 _h =feit$ 8 own life 9 consequ5ce ( h] ma*9ations4 ,b ! clos+ p]iod ( 8 days 9 ,corsica mu/ h br\ght him ?rill+ news1 :i* w\ld save him f fall+ into absolute despair4 ,= ! c>e] ( ,messal9a 0 draw+ rapidly to a close4 ,! life ( ?is beautiful pr9cess1 %ort z x 01 = %e di$ at a v e>ly age1 0 en\gh to make h] "n a prov]b ( ev]la/+ infamy4 ,= a "t %e appe>$ irresi/ible4 ,h] p]sonal fasc9ation _h won = h] an unlimit$ sway ov] ! facile m9d ( ,claudius1 & %e _h ei!r won ov] by h] intrigues1 or t]rifi$ by h] pitiless sev]ity1 ! noble/ ( ! ,romans & ! mo/ p[]ful ( ! fre$m54 ,b we see 9 h] fate1 z we see on e page ( hi/ory1 t vice ev] c>ries ) x ! g]m ( its own ru91 & t a retribution1 :i* is all ! m inevitable f be+ (t5 sl[1 awaits e violation ( ! moral law4 ,!re is some?+ almo/ incr$ible 9 ! p5al infatuation :i* br\ght ab\t h] fall4 ,dur+ ! abs5ce ( h] husb& at ,o/ia1 %e w$d$ 9 op5 day ) ,c4 ,silius1 ! mo/ beautiful & ! mo/ promis+ ( ! "y ,roman nobles4 ,%e _h app>5tly p]suad$ ,claudius t ?is 0 m]ely a mock-m>riage1 int5d$ to av]t "s om9\s auguries :i* ?reat5$ to de/roy ! husb& ( ,messal9a2 b1 :atev] ,claudius may h imag9$1 all ! re/ ( ! _w knew ! m>riage to be real1 & reg>d$ x n only z a vile enormity1 b also z a direct attempt to br+ ab\t a usurpation ( ! imp]ial p[]4 ,x 0 by ?is view ( ! case t ! fre$man ,n>cissus r\s$ ! in]t _s & timid indignation ( ! injur$ ,emp]or4 ,:ile ! wild revelry ( ! w$d+ c]emony 0 at its height1 ,vettius ,val5s1 a well-kn[n physician ( ! day1 _h 9 ! lic5se ( ! fe/ival /ruggl$ up to ! top ( a l(ty tree1 & :5 !y ask$ him :at he saw1 he repli$ 9 words :i*1 ?\gh meant = je/1 7 full ( dreadful significance1 ,i see a fi]ce /orm approa*+ f ,o/ia4 ,he _h sc>cely utt]$ ! words :5 fir/ an unc]ta9 rum\r1 & !n num]\s mess5g]s br\ght ! news t ,claudius knew all1 & 0 com+ to take v5geance4 ,! news fell l a ?und]bolt on ! assembl$ gue/s4 ,silius1 z ?\gh no?+ _h happ5$1 w5t to transact 8 public duties 9 ! ,=um2 ,messal9a in/antly s5d+ = h] *ildr51 ,octavia & ,britannicus1 t %e might meet h] husb& ) !m by h] side1 implor$ ! protection ( ,vibidia1 ! elde/ ( ! *a/e virg9s ( ,ve/a1 &1 des]t$ by all b ?ree companions1 fl$ on foot & unpiti$1 ?r\gh ! :ole bread? ( ! city1 until %e rea*$ ! ,o/ian gate1 & m\nt$ ! rubbi%-c>t ( a m>ket g>d5] :i* happ5$ to be pass+4 ,b ,n>cissus absorb$ bo? ! looks & ! att5tion ( ! ,emp]or by ! pro(s & ! n>rative ( h] crimes1 &1 gett+ rid ( ! ,ve/al by promis+ h] t ! cause ( ,messal9a %\ld be tri$1 he hurri$ ,claudius =w>d1 fir/ to ! h\se ( ,silius1 :i* ab\nd$ ) ! pro(s ( 8 guilt1 & !n to ! camp ( ! ,praetorians1 :]e swift v5geance 0 tak5 on ! :ole b& ( ^? :o _h be5 involv$ 9 ,messal9a's crimes4 ,%e mean:ile1 9 alt]native p>oxysms ( fury & abject t]ror1 _h tak5 refuge 9 ! g>d5 ( ,lucullus1 :i* %e _h covet$ & made h] own by inju/ice4 ,claudius1 :o _h return$ home1 & _h recov]$ "s ( 8 facile equanimity 9 ! pleasures ( ! table1 %[$ signs ( rel5t+2 b ,n>cissus knew t delay 0 dea?1 & on 8 own au?ority s5t a tribune & c5turions to despat* ! ,empress4 ,!y f\nd h] pro/rate on ! gr\nd at ! feet ( h] "m ,lepida1 ) :om 9 h] prosp]ity %e _h qu>rell$1 b :o n[ came to pity & console h] mis]y1 & to urge h] to t volunt>y dea? :i* alone c\ld save h] f imm95t & m cruel infamy4 ,b ! m9d ( ,messal9a1 l t ( ,n]o aft]w>ds1 0 s corrupt$ by wick$ness t n ev5 su* poor nobility 0 left 9 h] z is impli$ 9 ! c\rage ( despair4 ,:ile %e wa/$ ! "t 9 te>s & lam5tations1 a noise 0 he>d ( batt]+ at ! doors1 & ! tribune /ood by h] 9 /]n sil5ce1 ! fre$man ) slavi% vitup]ation4 ,fir/ %e took ! dagg] 9 h] irresolute h&1 & aft] %e _h twice /abb$ h]self 9 va91 ! tribune drove home ! fatal bl[1 & ! corpse ( ,messal9a1 l t ( ,jezebel1 lay welt]+ 9 its blood 9 ! plot ( gr\nd ( :i* h] crimes _h robb$ its lawful own]4 ,claudius1 /ill l+]+ at 8 d9n]1 0 in=m$ t %e _h p]i%$1 & nei!r ask$ a s+le "q at ! "t1 nor subsequ5tly display$ ! slighte/ sign ( ang]1 ( hatr$1 ( pity1 or ( any human emotion4 ,! absolute sil5ce ( ,s5eca respect+ ! woman :o _h caus$ him ! bitt]e/ angui% & humiliation ( 8 life is1 z we h rem>k$ already1 a /range & significant ph5om5on4 ,x is cle>ly n due to accid5t1 = ! vices :i* he is incessantly describ+ & d5\nc+ w\ld h f\nd 9 ?is mis]able woman _! mo/ flagrant illu/ration1 nor c\ld contempor>y hi/ory h furni%$ a m apposite example ( ! v9dication by h] fate ( ! /]n maje/y ( ! moral law4 ,b yet1 ?\gh ,s5eca _h e reason to loa! h] "* & to dete/ h] memory1 ?\gh he c\ld n h r5d]$ to 8 patrons a m welcome s]vice ?an by black5+ h] reputation1 he nev] s mu* z m5tions h] "n4 ,& ?is hon\rable sil5ce gives u a fav\rable insight into 8 "*4 ,= x c only be due to 8 pity+ s5se ( ! fact t ev5 ,messal9a1 bad z %e und\bt$ly 01 _h be5 judg$ already by a high] ,p[]1 & _h met h] dread puni%m5t at ! h& ( ,god4 ,x has be5 conjectur$1 ) e appe>ance ( probability1 t ! blacke/ ( ! sc&als :i* 7 believ$ & circulat$ respect+ h] _h _! orig9 9 ! publi%$ autobiography ( h] deadly enemy & victori\s successor4 ,! _m :o _h _h a %>e 9 ,messal9a's fall w\ld be only too glad to poison e rem9isc5ce ( h] life2 & ! deadly implacable hatr$ ( ! wor/ woman :o ev] liv$ w\ld f9d peculi> gratification 9 scatt]+ e conceivable hue ( disgrace ov] ! acts ( a rival ^: "y *ildr5 x 0 h] de>e/ object to supplant4 ,t ,s5eca did n deign to *ronicle ev5 ( an enemy :at ,agripp9a 0 n a%am$ to write1--t he sp>$ "o :om x 0 e "o's int]e/ & pleasure to malign1--t he reg>d$ h] t]rible fall z a suffici5t claim to pity1 z x 0 a suffici5t ,nemesis ^u h] crimes1--is a trait 9 ! "* ( ! philosoph] :i* has h>dly yet receiv$ ! cr$it :i* x des]ves4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,agripp9a1 ,,! ,,"m ,,( ,,n]o4 ,sc>cely _h ! grave clos$ ov] ,messal9a :5 ! c\rt 0 plung$ into ! mo/ viol5t factions ab\t ! appo9tm5t ( h] successor4 ,!re 7 ?ree pr9cipal c&idates = ! hon\r ( ! ag$ ,emp]or's h&4 ,!y 7 8 =m] wife1 ,aelia ,pet9a1 :o _h only be5 divorc$ 9 consequ5ce ( trivial disagreem5ts1 & :o 0 support$ by ,n>cissus2 ,lollia ,paul9a1 s celebrat$ 9 antiquity = h] beauty & spl5d\r1 & :o = a %ort "t _h be5 ! wife ( ,caius2 & ,agripp9a ! y\ng]1 ! daught] ( ! great ,g]manicus1 & ! niece ( ,claudius himself4 ,claudius1 inde$1 :o _h be5 z unlucky z ,h5ry ,,viii4 himself 9 ! unhapp9ess :i* _h att5d$ 8 five exp]im5ts ( matrimony1 _h made ! /ronge/ possible assev]ations t he w\ld nev] aga9 submit himself to su* a yoke4 ,b he 0 s completely a tool 9 ! h&s ( 8 own c\rti]s t no "o atta*$ ! slighte/ importance to any?+ :i* he _h said4 ,! m>riage ( an uncle ) 8 own niece 0 consid]$ a violation ( natural laws1 & 0 reg>d$ ) no less horror among ! ,romans ?an x w\ld be among ourselves4 ,b ,agripp9a1 by ! use ( means ! mo/ unscrupul\s1 prevail$ ov] all h] rivals1 & manag$ h] int]e/s ) su* consummate skill t1 be=e _m mon?s _h elaps$1 %e _h become ! sp\se ( ,claudius & ! ,empress ( ,rome4 ,) ?is pr9cess ! de/9ies ( ,s5eca 7 mo/ closely int]tw9$1 & x w enable u ! bett] to und]/& 8 position1 & 8 writ+s1 if we rememb] t all hi/ory discloses to u no ph5om5on m port5t\s & t]rible ?an t pres5t$ to u 9 ! "* ( ,agripp9a1 ! "m ( ,n]o4 ,( ! virtues ( h] great p>5ts %e1 l _! o!r *ildr51 _h inh]it$ n "o2 & %e _h exagg]at$ _! family t5d5cies into passions :i* urg$ h] into e =m ( crime4 ,h] c>e] f ! v cradle _h be5 a c>e] ( wick$ness1 nor _h any "o ( ! _m fi]ce vicissitudes ( h] life call$ =? 9 h] a s+le noble or amiable trait4 ,born at ,oppidum ,ubiorum 7aft]w>ds call$ 9 h] hon\r ,colonia ,agripp9a1 & /ill reta9+ its "n 9 ! =m ,cologne71 %e lo/ h] fa!r at ! age ( ?ree1 & h] "m 7by bani%m5t7 at ! age ( twelve4 ,%e 0 educat$ ) bad si/]s1 ) a wild & wick$ bro!r1 & "u a gr&mo!r :om %e dete/$4 ,at ! age ( f\rte5 %e 0 m>ri$ to ,cnaeus ,domitius ,ah5ob>bus1 "o ( ! mo/ wor?less & ill-reput$ ( ! "y ,roman nobles ( 8 day4 ,! gossip+ biographies ( ! "t /ill reta9 "s anecdotes ( 8 cruelty & selfi%ness4 ,!y tell u h[ he once1 )\t ! slighte/ remorse1 ran ov] a poor boy :o 0 play+ on ! ,appian ,road2 h[ on ano!r occasion he knock$ out ! eye ( a ,roman knight :o _h giv5 him a ha/y answ]2 & h[1 :5 8 fri5d congratulat$ him on ! bir? ( 8 son 7! "y ,claudius ,domitius1 aft]w>ds ! ,emp]or ,n]o71 he brutally rem>k$ t f p l himself & ,agripp9a c\ld only be born "s mon/] de/9$ = ! public ru94 ,domitius 0 =ty ye>s old :5 he m>ri$ ,agripp9a1 & ! "y ,n]o 0 n born till n9e ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,:atev] !re 0 ( possible affection 9 ! tigress-nature ( ,agripp9a 0 n[ absorb$ 9 ! p]son ( h] *ild4 ,= t *ild1 f its cradle to h] own dea? by 8 means1 %e toil$ & s9n$4 ,! fury ( h] own ambition1 inextricably l9k$ ) ! uncontrollable fi]c5ess ( h] love = ?is only son1 h5ce=? direct$ e action ( h] life4 ,de/9y _h made h] ! si/] ( "o ,emp]or2 intrigue elevat$ h] into ! wife ( ano!r2 h] own crimes made h] ! "m ( a ?ird4 ,& at fir/ sight h] c>e] might h seem$ unusually successful1 = :ile /ill 9 ! prime ( life %e 0 wield+1 fir/ 9 ! "n ( h] husb&1 & !n 9 t ( h] son1 no mean %>e 9 ! absolute gov]nm5t ( ! ,roman _w4 ,b mean:ile t same un]r+ retribution1 ^: /eal?y foot/eps 9 ! re> ( ! triumphant crim9al we c track ?r\gh page aft] page ( hi/ory1 0 /eal+ ne>] & ne>] to h] ) uplift$ h&4 ,:5 %e _h rea*$ ! dizzy p9nacle ( gratifi$ love & pride to :i* %e _h wad$ ?r\gh s _m a de$ ( s9 & blood1 %e 0 /ruck d[n into t]rible ru9 & viol5t %ameful dea?1 by ! h& ( t v son = ^: sake %e _h s (t5 violat$ ! laws ( virtue & integrity1 & spurn$ s (t5 ! pure & t5d] obligations :i* ev5 ! hea!n _h be5 taught by ! voice ( ,god )9 _! consci5ce to recognize & to adore4 ,int5d+ t h] son %\ld m>ry ,octavia1 ! daught] ( ,claudius1 h] fir/ /ep 0 to drive to dea? ,silanus1 a "y nobleman to :om ,octavia _h already be5 betro!d4 ,h] next c>e 0 to get rid ( all rivals possible or actual4 ,among ! =m] 7 ! beautiful ,calpurnia & h] own si/]-9-law1 ,domitia ,lepida4 ,among ! latt] 0 ! weal?y ,lollia ,paul9a1 aga9/ :om %e trump$ up an accusation ( sorc]y & treason1 ^u :i* h] weal? 0 confiscat$1 b h] life sp>$ by ! ,emp]or1 :o bani%$ h] f ,italy4 ,?is half-v5geance 0 n en\gh = ! "m ( ,n]o4 ,l ! daught] ( ,h]odias 9 sacr$ hi/ory1 %e despat*$ a tribune ) ord]s to br+ h] ! head ( h] enemy2 & :5 x 0 br\ght to h]1 & %e f\nd a difficulty 9 recogniz+ ^? )]$ & gha/ly features ( a once-celebrat$ beauty1 %e is said ) h] own h& to h lift$ "o ( ! lips1 & to h satisfi$ h]self t ?is 0 inde$ ! head ( ,lollia4 ,to su* horrors may a woman s9k1 :5 %e has ab&on$ ! love ( ,god2 & a fair face may hide a s\l lepr\s z s9 itself4 ,well may ,adolf ,/ahr obs]ve t ,%akespe>e's ,lady ,macbe? & husb&-murd]+ ,g]trude are m]e *ildr5 by ! side ( ?is awful giant-%ape ( /eely fem99e cruelty4 ,su* 0 ! pr9cess :o1 9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #di1 recall$ ,s5eca f exile4#cc ,%e saw t h] cruelties 7 inspir+ horror ev5 into a city t _h long be5 accu/om$ to blood1 & ,tacitus expressly tells u t %e hop$ to c\nt]balance ?is feel+ by a /roke ( popul>ity 9 recall+ f ! wa/e solitudes ( ,corsica ! fav\rite philosoph] & mo/ popul> au?or ( ! ,roman _w4 ,nor 0 %e cont5t ) ?is public pro( ( h] belief 9 8 innoc5ce ( ! crime :i* _h be5 laid to 8 *>ge1 = %e fur!r procur$ = him ! ,praetor%ip1 & appo9t$ him tutor & gov]nor to h] y\?ful son4 ,ev5 9 tak+ ?is /ep %e did n =get h] ambiti\s views2 = %e knew t ,s5eca *]i%$ a secret indignation aga9/ ,claudius1 & t ,n]o c\ld h no m wise advis] 9 tak+ /eps to secure ! fruition ( 8 imp]ial hopes4 ,x might p]haps h be5 bett] = ,s5eca's happ9ess if he _h nev] left ,corsica1 or set 8 foot aga9 9 t ,circean & blood/a9$ c\rt4 ,let x1 h[ev]1 be add$ 9 8 exculpation1 t ano!r man ( und\bt$ & scrupul\s hone/y1--,afranius ,burrus--a man ( ! old1 blunt1 fai?ful type ( ,roman manl9ess1 :om ,agripp9a _h rais$ to ! ,prefect%ip ( ! ,praetorian cohorts1 0 will+ to %>e 8 dang] & 8 responsibilities4 ,yet he mu/ h liv$ f ! fir/ 9 ! v atmosph]e ( base & crim9al intrigues4 ,he mu/ h =m$ an important memb] ( ,agripp9a's p>ty1 :i* 0 9 daily & deadly enmity aga9/ ! p>ty ( ,n>cissus4 ,he mu/ h wat*$ ! incessant artifices by :i* ,agripp9a secur$ ! adoption ( h] son ,n]o by an ,emp]or ^: own son ,britannicus 0 b ?ree ye>s 8 junior4 ,he mu/ h se5 ,n]o always hon\r$1 promot$1 p>ad$ be=e ! eyes ( ! populace z ! future hope ( ,rome1 :il/ ,britannicus1 l ! "y ,edw>d ,v4 "u ! reg5cy ( 8 uncle1 0 neglect$1 surr\nd$ ) spies1 kept z mu* z possible out ( 8 fa!r's sight1 & s completely ?ru/ into ! backgr\nd f all obs]vation t ! populace began s]i\sly to d\bt :e!r he 7 alive or dead4 ,he mu/ h se5 ,agripp9a1 :o _h n[ receiv$ ! unprec$5t$ hon\r ( ! title ,augu/a 9 h] lifetime1 act+ ) su* haughty insol5ce t !re c\ld be little d\bt z to h] ult]ior designs ^u ! ?rone4 ,he mu/ h kn[n t 8 spl5did intellect 0 practically at ! s]vice ( a woman 9 :om av>ice1 haught9ess1 viol5ce1 trea*]y1 & e =m ( unscrupul\s crim9ality _h rea*$ a po9t hi!rto unmat*$ ev5 9 a corrupt & pagan _w4 ,f ?is "t =? ! biography ( ,s5eca mu/ assume ! =m ( an apology r ?an ( a panegyric4 ,footnote #cc3 ,gallio 0 ,proconsul ( ,a*aia ab\t ,a4,d4 #ec1 :5 ,/4 ,paul 0 br\ght be=e 8 tribunal4 ,v possibly 8 elevation may h be5 due to ! re/oration ( ,s5eca's influ5ce4 ,! ,emp]or c\ld n b feel t 9 ,agripp9a he _h *os5 a wife ev5 m intol]able ?an ,messal9a h]self4 ,messal9a _h n int]f]$ ) ! fri5ds he lov$1 _h n robb$ him ( ! insignia ( empire1 _h n fill$ 8 palace ) a h>d & unfem99e tyranny1 & _h ( c\rse wat*$ ) a "m's int]e/ ov] ! lives & =tunes ( 8 *ildr54 ,n>cissus w\ld n be likely to leave him long 9 ignorance t1 9 addition to h] o!r plots & crimes1 ,agripp9a _h be5 z little true to him z 8 =m] unhappy wife4 ,! in=mation sank deep into 8 he>t1 & he 0 he>d to mutt] t x _h be5 8 de/9y all along fir/ to be>1 & !n to av5ge1 ! enormities ( 8 wives4 ,agripp9a1 ^: spies fill$ ! palace1 c\ld n long rema9 un9=m$ ( s significant a spee*2 & %e probably saw ) an in/9ct quick5$ by ! awful t]rors ( h] own guilty consci5ce t ! ,emp]or %[$ di/9ct signs ( 8 regret = hav+ m>ri$ 8 niece1 & adopt$ h] *ild to ! prejudice1 if n to ! ru91 ( 8 own "y son4 ,if %e want$ to rea* ! goal :i* %e _h held s long 9 view no "t 0 to be lo/4 ,let u hope t ,s5eca & ,burrus 7 at lea/ ignorant ( ! means :i* %e took to effect h] purpose4 ,=tune fav\r$ h]4 ,! dread$ ,n>cissus1 ! mo/ =midable ob/acle to h] murd]\s plans1 0 seiz$ ) an attack ( ! g\t4 ,agripp9a manag$ t 8 physician %\ld recomm5d him ! wat]s ( ,s9uessa 9 ,campania by way ( cure4 ,he 0 ?us got out ( ! way1 & %e proce$$ at once to h] "w ( blood4 ,entru/+ ! secret to ,halotus1 ! ,emp]or's praegu/ator--! slave ^: (fice x 0 to protect him f poison by ta/+ e di% be=e him--& to 8 physician1 ,x5ophon ( ,cos1 %e consult$ ,locu/a1 ! ,mrs4 ,turn] ( ! p]iod ( ?is classical ,k+ ,james1 z to ! poison be/ suit$ to h] purpose4 ,locu/a 0 mi/ress ( h] art1 9 :i* long practice _h giv5 h] a consummate skill4 ,! poison mu/ n be too rapid1 le/ x %\ld cause suspicion2 nor too sl[1 le/ x %\ld give ! ,emp]or "t to consult = ! int]e/s ( 8 son ,britannicus2 b x 0 to be "o :i* %\ld di/urb 8 intellect )\t caus+ imm$iate dea?4 ,claudius 0 a glutton1 & ! poison 0 giv5 him ) all ! m ease because x 0 mix$ ) a di% ( mu%rooms1 ( :i* he 0 extravagantly fond4 ,agripp9a h]self h&$ him ! *oice/ mu%room 9 ! di%1 & ! poison at once r$uc$ him to sil5ce4 ,z 0 too frequ5tly ! case1 ,claudius 0 intoxicat$ at ! "t1 & 0 c>ri$ (f to 8 b$ z if no?+ _h happ5$4 ,a viol5t colic ensu$1 & x 0 fe>$ t ?is1 ) a quantity ( w9e :i* he _h drunk1 w\ld r5d] ! poison innocu\s4 ,b ,agripp9a _h gone too f> = retreat1 & ,x5ophon1 :o knew t great crimes if fru/rat$ are p]il\s1 if successful are rew>d$1 came to h] assi/ance4 ,"u pret5ce ( caus+ him to vomit1 he tickl$ ! ?roat ( ! ,emp]or ) a fea!r sme>$ ) a swift & deadly poison4 ,x did its "w1 & be=e morn+ ! ,caes> 0 a corpse4#cd ,footnote #cd3 ,!re is usually f\nd among ! writ+s ( ,s5eca a mo/ rem>kable burlesque call$ ,ludus de ,morte ,caes>is4 ,z to its au?or%ip op9ions w always v>y1 b x is a "w ( su* und\bt$ g5ius1 s int]e/+1 & s unique 9 its "*1 t ,i h ?\ght x necess>y to give 9 an ,app5dix a brief sket* ( its argum5t4 ,we may at lea/ hope t ?is satire1 :i* ov]fl[s ) ! deadlie/ contempt ( ,claudius1 is n f ! same p5 :i* wrote = ,n]o 8 fun]al oration4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 suppos$ 7)\t suffici5t gr\nds7 to be ! lo/ ,greek3 ,apokolokuntoois :i* ,s5eca is said to h writt5 on ! apo!osis ( ,claudius4 ,! v "n is a bitt] satire4 ,x imag9es ! ,emp]or trans=m$1 n into a ,god1 b into a g\rd--"o ( ^? bloat$ g\rds :i* sun _! speckl$ bellies be=e ! doors ( ! ,roman peasants4 ,! ,s5ate decre$ 8 div9ity2 ,s5eca translat$ x into pumpk9ity 7,m]ivale1 ,rom4 ,emp4 v4 #fja74 ,! ,ludus beg9s by spatt]+ mud on ! memory ( ! div9e ,claudius2 x ends ) a %[] ( poetic roses ov] ! glory ( ! div9] ,n]o6 ,z has be5 ! case n unfrequ5tly 9 hi/ory1 f ! times ( ,t>qu9ius ,priscus to ^? ( ,*>les ,,ii41 ! dea? 0 conceal$ until ev]y?+ _h be5 prep>$ = ! production ( a successor4 ,! palace 0 c>efully wat*$2 no "o 0 ev5 admitt$ into x except ,agripp9a's mo/ tru/y p>tisans4 ,! body 0 propp$ up ) pill[s2 actors 7 s5t = by 8 own desire to af=d x "s amusem5t2 & prie/s & consuls 7 bidd5 to (f] up _! v[s = ! life ( ! dead4 ,giv+ out t ! ,emp]or 0 gett+ bett]1 ,agripp9a took c>e to keep ,britannicus & 8 two si/]s1 ,octavia & ,antonia1 "u h] own imm$iate eye4 ,z ?\gh ov]:elm$ ) sorr[ %e wept1 & embrac$ !m1 & above all kept ,britannicus by h] side1 kiss+ him ) ! exclamation t he 0 ! v image ( 8 fa!r1 & tak+ c>e t he %\ld on no acc\nt leave h] room4 ,s ! day wore on till x 0 ! h\r :i* ! ,*aldaeans decl>$ w\ld be ! only lucky h\r 9 t unlucky ,octob] day4 ,noon came2 ! palace doors 7 sudd5ly ?r[n op53 & ,n]o ) ,burrus at 8 side w5t out to ! ,praetorian cohort :i* 0 on gu>d4 ,by ! ord] ( _! comm&ant1 !y receiv$ him ) *e]s4 ,a few only hesitat$1 look+ r\nd !m & ask+ ,:]e 0 ,britannicus8 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 he 0 n to be se51 & no "o /irr$ 9 8 fav\r1 !y foll[$ ! multitude4 ,n]o 0 c>ri$ 9 triumph to ! camp1 made ! soldi]s a %ort spee*1 & promis$ to ea* man ( !m a spl5did donative4 ,he 0 at once salut$ ,emp]or4 ,! ,s5ate foll[$ ! *oice ( ! soldi]s1 & ! prov9ces made no demur4 ,div9e honors 7 decre$ to ! murd]$ man1 & prep>ations made = a fun]al :i* 0 to rival 9 its spl5d\r ! "o :i* ,livia _h ord]$ = ,augu/us4 ,b ! w--:i* beyond all d\bt _h provid$ = ! succession ( ,britannicus--0 quietly done away )1 & its exact provisions 7 nev] kn[n4 ,& on ! fir/ ev5+ ( 8 imp]ial p[]1 ,n]o1 well aw>e to :om he ow$ 8 ?rone1 gave to ! s5t9el :o came to ask him ! pass = ! night ! grateful & significant wat*word ( ,optima ,mat]1--! be/ ( mo!rs6 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,n]o ,,& ,,8 ,,tutor4 ,! imp]ial y\?1 ^: de/9ies are n[ inextricably m+l$ ) ^? ( ,s5eca1 0 accompani$ to ! ?rone by ! acclamations ( ! p4 ,we>i$ by ! a/ut5ess ( an ,augu/us1 ! sull5 wra? ( a ,tib]ius1 ! mad f]ocity ( a ,caius1 ! s5ile ins5sibility ( a ,claudius1 !y c\ld n b welcome ! succession ( a bright & beautiful y\?1 ^: fair hair float$ ov] 8 %\ld]s1 & ^: features display$ ! f9e/ type ( ,roman beauty4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 8 antec$5ts to give a s9i/] augury to 8 future developm5t1 & all classes alike dreamt ( ! adv5t ( a gold5 age4 ,we c und]/& _! feel+s if we comp>e !m ) ^? ( our own c\ntrym5 :5 ! sull5 tyranny ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 0 foll[$ by ! y\?ful virtue & g5tl5ess ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,happy w\ld x h be5 = ,n]o if 8 reign1 l t ( ,edw>d1 c\ld h be5 cut %ort be=e ! ?ick night ( _m crimes _h settl$ d[n ^u ! promise ( its dawn4 ,= ! fir/ five ye>s ( ,n]o's reign--! fam\s ,qu9qu5nium ,n]onis--7 fondly reg>d$ by ! ,romans z a p]iod ( almo/ ideal happ9ess4 ,9 reality1 x 0 ,s5eca :o 0 rul+ 9 ,n]o's1 "n4 ,ev5 s excell5t an ,emp]or z ,trajan is said to h admitt$ t no o!r pr9ce _h ne>ly equall$ ! praise ( t p]iod4 ,x is inde$ probable t ^? ye>s appe>$ to %9e ) an exagg]at$ spl5d\r f ! int5se gloom :i* succe$$ !m2 yet we c see 9 !m abundant circum/ances :i* 7 q suffici5t to inspire an en?usiasm ( hope & joy4 ,! "y ,n]o 0 at fir/ mode/ & docile4 ,8 op5+ spee*es1 writt5 ) all ! beauty ( ?\ght & language :i* betray$ ! /yle ( ,s5eca no less ?an 8 habitual s5tim5ts1 7 full ( gl[+ promises4 ,all ^? ?+s :i* _h be5 felt to be injuri\s or oppressive he promis$ to es*ew4 ,he w\ld n1 he said1 res]ve to himself1 z ,claudius _h done1 ! irresponsible decision 9 all matt]s ( bus9ess2 no (fice or dignity %\ld be won f him by flatt]y or pur*as$ by bribes2 he w\ld n confuse 8 own p]sonal int]e/s ) ^? ( ! commonweal?2 he w\ld respect ! anci5t pr]ogatives ( ! ,s5ate2 he w\ld conf9e 8 own imm$iate att5tion to ! prov9ces & ! army4 ,nor 7 su* promises falsifi$ by 8 imm$iate conduct4 ,! odi\s in=m]s :o _h fl\ri%$ 9 previ\s reigns 7 fr[n$ ^u & puni%$4 ,(fices ( public dignity 7 reliev$ f unju/ & oppressive burd5s4 ,n]o prud5tly decl9$ ! gold & silv] /atues & o!r extravagant hon\rs :i* 7 (f]$ to him by ! corrupt & s]vile ,s5ate1 b he treat$ t body1 :i*1 fall5 z x 01 cont9u$ /ill to be ! ma9 repres5tative ( con/itutional au?ority1 ) fav\r & respect4 ,nobles & (ficials begun to brea! m freely1 & ! g5]al s5se ( an intol]able tyranny 0 p]ceptibly relax$4 ,sev]ity 0 res]v$ = notori\s crim9als1 & 0 only inflict$ 9 a regul> & au?oriz$ mann]1 :5 no "o c\ld d\bt t x _h be5 des]v$4 ,above all1 ,s5eca _h dissem9at$ an anecdote ab\t 8 "y pupil :i* t5d$ m ?an any o!r circum/ance to 8 wide spread popul>ity4 ,engl& has rememb]$ ) gratitude & admiration ! te>ful reluctance ( h] y\?ful ,edw>d to sign ! dea?-w>rant ( ,joan ,b\*]2 ,rome1 accu/om$ to a cruel indiff]5ce to human life1 reg>d$ ) some?+ l transport ! s5se ( pity :i* _h made ,n]o1 :5 ask$ to affix 8 signature to an ord] = execution1 exclaim1 ,h[ ,i wi% t ,i did n "k h[ to write6 ,x is admitt$ t no small %>e ( ! happ9ess ( ?is p]iod 0 due to ! firmness ( ! hone/ ,burrus1 & ! wise1 high-m9d$ precepts ( ,s5eca4 ,!y des]ve ! ample/ gratitude & cr$it = ?is happy int]regnum1 = !y _h no easy task to p]=m4 ,besides ! difficulties :i* arose f ! base & frivol\s "* ( _! pupil1 besides ! inf9ite delicacy :i* 0 requisite = ! re/ra9t ( a y\? :o 0 absolute ma/] ( su* gigantic de/9ies1 !y _h ! task ( curb+ ! wild & imp]i\s ambition ( ,agripp9a1 & ( defeat+ ! incessant intrigues ( h] _m p[]ful dep5d5ts4 ,agripp9a _h no d\bt p]suad$ h]self t h] crimes _h be5 ma9ly committ$ 9 ! int]e/ ( h] son2 b h] conduct %[$ t %e wi%$ him to be a m]e in/rum5t 9 h] h&s4 ,%e wi%$ to gov]n him1 & _h probably calculat$ on do+ s by ! assi/ance ( ,s5eca1 j z our own ,que5 ,c>ol9e completely manag$ ,george ,,ii4 ) ! aid ( ,sir ,rob]t ,walpole4 ,%e rode 9 a litt] ) him2 )\t 8 k %e ord]$ ! poison+ ( ,m4 ,silanus1 a bro!r ( h] =m] victim1 %e goad$ ,n>cissus to dea?1 aga9/ 8 w2 ?r\gh h] influ5ce ! ,s5ate 0 sometimes assembl$ 9 ! palace1 & %e took no pa9s to conceal f ! s5ators t %e 0 h]self seat$ beh9d a curta9 :]e %e c\ld he> e ^w ( _! delib]ations2--nay1 on "o occasion1 :5 ,n]o 0 ab\t to give audi5ce to an important ,arm5ian legation1 %e _h ! audacity to ent] ! audi5ce-*amb]1 & advance to take h] seat by ! side ( ! ,emp]or4 ,e "o else 0 /ruck dumb ) amazem5t1 & ev5 t]ror1 at a proce$+ s unusual2 b ,s5eca1 ) ready & admirable tact1 sugge/$ to ,n]o t he %\ld rise & meet 8 "m1 ?us obviat+ a public sc&al "u ! pretext ( filial affection4 ,b ,s5eca f ! v fir/ _h be5 guilty ( a fatal error 9 ! education ( 8 pupil4 ,he _h gov]n$ him ?r\gh\t on ! ru9\s pr9ciple ( concession4 ,n]o 0 n devoid ( tal5t2 he _h a decid$ turn = ,lat9 v]sification1 & ! few l9es ( 8 composition :i* h come d[n to u1 biz>re & effect$ z !y are1 yet display a c]ta9 s5se ( melody & p[] ( language4 ,b 8 vivid imag9ation 0 accompa9$ by a want ( purpose2 & ,s5eca1 in/ead ( try+ to tra9 him 9 habits ( s]i\s att5tion & su/a9$ ?\ght1 suff]$ him to wa/e 8 be/ ef=ts 9 pursuits & amusem5ts :i* 7 consid]$ p>tly frivol\s & p>tly disreputable1 su* z s++1 pa9t+1 danc+1 & driv+4 ,s5eca might h argu$ t !re 01 at any rate1 no great h>m 9 su* employm5ts1 & t !y probably kept ,n]o out ( worse mis*ief4 ,b we respect ,n]o ! less = 8 indiff]5t s++ & h>p-twang+ j z we respect ,l\is ,,xvi4 less = mak+ v poor locks2 &1 if ,s5eca _h adopt$ a l(ti] tone ) 8 pupil f ! fir/1 ,rome might h be5 sp>$ ! disgraceful folly ( ,n]o's subsequ5t buffoon]ies 9 ! cities ( ,greece & ! !atres ( ,rome4 ,we may lay x d[n z an inv>iable axiom 9 all high education1 t x is nev] s5sible to p]mit :at is bad = ! suppos$ sake ( prev5t+ :at is worse4 ,s5eca v probably p]suad$ himself t ) a m9d l ,n]o's--! innate wor?lessness ( :i* he mu/ e>ly h recognis$--success ( any high description w\ld be simply impossible4 ,b ?is did n absolve him f attempt+ ! only noble means by :i* success c\ld1 "u any circum/ances1 be atta9able4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 rememb] t 8 concessions to 8 pupil 7 ma9ly 9 matt]s :i* he reg>d$ z indiff]5t--or1 at ! wor/1 z discr$itable--r ?an z crim9al2 & t 8 mi/ake probably arose f an error 9 judgm5t f> m ?an f any defici5cy 9 moral "*4 ,yet x is cle> t1 ev5 intellectually1 ,n]o 0 ! worse = ?is laxity ( tra9+4 ,we h already se5 t1 9 8 maid5-spee* be=e ! ,s5ate1 e "o recogniz$ ! h& ( ,s5eca1 & _m obs]v$ ) a sigh t ?is 0 ! fir/ occasion on :i* an ,emp]or _h n be5 able1 at lea/ to all appe>ance1 to address ! ,s5ate 9 8 own words & ) 8 own ?\ghts4 ,tib]ius1 z an orator1 _h be5 dignifi$ & =cible2 ,claudius _h be5 le>n$ & poli%$2 ev5 ! di/urb$ reason ( ,caligula _h n be5 want+ 9 a capacity = deliv]+ =cible & eloqu5t h>angues2 b ,n]o's y\? _h be5 fritt]$ away 9 paltry & indecorus accompli%m5ts1 :i* _h left him nei!r "t nor incl9ation = weighti] & nobl] pursuits4 ,! fame ( ,s5eca has1 no d\bt1 suff]$ grievi\sly f ! subsequ5t infamy ( 8 pupil2 & x is obvi\s t ! dislike ( ,tacitus to 8 memory is due to 8 connexion ) ,n]o4 ,n[1 ev5 ?\gh ! tutor's sy/em _h n be5 s wise z1 :5 judg$ by an inflexible /&>d1 x might h be51 x is yet cle>ly unju/ to make him responsible = ! depravity ( 8 pupil2 & x mu/ be rememb]$1 to ,s5eca's et]nal hon\r1 t ! evid5ce ( facts1 ! te/imony ( contempor>ies1 & ev5 ! grudg+ admission ( ,tacitus himself1 e/abli%es 9 8 fav\r t :atev] wisdom & mod]ation *>act]iz$ ! e>li] ye>s ( ,n]o's reign 7 due to 8 c\nsels2 t he enjoy$ ! cordial e/eem ( ! virtu\s ,burrus2 t he help$ to *eck ! sangu9>y audacities ( ,agripp9a2 t ! writ+s :i* he address$ to ,n]o1 & ! spee*es :i* he wrote = him1 brea!d ! l(tie/ c\nsels2 & t x 0 n until he 0 :olly remov$ f p[] & influ5ce t ,n]o1 "u ! fi]ce impulses ( despotic p[]1 develop$ ^? atroci\s t5d5cies ( :i* ! se$s _h long be5 lat5t 9 8 disposition4 ,an anci5t writ] records ! tradition t ,s5eca v e>ly obs]v$ 9 ,n]o a savag]y ( disposition :i* he c\ld n :olly eradicate2 & t to 8 intimate fri5ds he us$ to obs]ve t1 :5 once ! lion ta/$ human blood1 8 innate cruelty w\ld return4 ,b :ile we give ,s5eca ?is cr$it1 & all[ t 8 int5tions 7 ?or\ghly upright1 we _c b impugn 8 judgm5t = hav+ ?us delib]ately adopt$ ! morality ( exp$i5ce2 & we believe t to ?is cause1 m ?an to any o!r1 0 due ! ext5t ( 8 failure & ! mis]y ( 8 life4 ,we may1 inde$1 be p]mitt$ to d\bt :e!r ,n]o himself--a va9 & loose y\?1 ! son ( bad p>5ts1 & heir to b\ndless expectations--w\ld1 "u any circum/ances1 h gr[n up mu* bett] ?an he did2 b x is cle> t ,s5eca might h be5 held 9 inf9itely high] hon\r b = ! %>e :i* he _h 9 8 education4 ,_h ,s5eca be5 z firm & wise z ,socrates1 ,n]o 9 all probability w\ld n h be5 mu* worse ?an ,alcibiades4 ,if ! tutor _h set be=e 8 pupil no ideal b ! v highe/1 if he _h inflexibly oppos$ to ! ext5t ( 8 ability e t5d5cy :i* 0 di%on\rable & wrong1 he might possibly h be5 rew>d$ by success1 & h e>n$ ! indelible gratitude ( mank9d2 & if he _h fail$ he w\ld at lea/ h fail$ nobly1 & h c>ri$ ) him into a calm & hon\rable retirem5t ! respect1 if n ! affection1 ( 8 imp]ial pupil4 ,nay1 ev5 if he _h fail$ completely1 & lo/ 8 life 9 ! attempt1 x w\ld h be5 inf9itely bett] bo? = him & = mank9d4 ,ev5 ,hom] might h taught him t x is bett] to die ?an live 9 s94 ,at any rate he might h kn[n f /udy & obs]vation t an education f\nd$ on compromise mu/ always & necess>ily fail4 ,x mu/ fail because x ov]looks t great et]nal law ( retribution = & cont9uity 9 evil1 :i* is illu/rat$ by e s+le hi/ory ( individuals & ( nations4 ,& ! education :i* ,s5eca gave to ,n]o--noble z x 0 9 _m respects1 & em95t z 0 its p>tial & tempor>y success--0 yet an education ( compromises4 ,alike 9 ! /udies ( ,n]o's boyhood & ! grav] temptations ( 8 manhood1 he act$ on ! fooli%ly-fatal pr9ciple t ,_h ! wild oat n be5 s[n1 ,! soil left b>r5 sc>ce _h gr[n1 ,! gra9 :]eby a man may live4 ,any ,*ri/ian might h pr$ict$ ! result2 "o w\ld h ?\ght t ev5 a pagan philosoph] might h be5 enlight5$ en\gh to obs]ve x4 ,we (t5 quote ! l9es-- ,! *ild is fa!r ( ! man1 & ,j z ! twig is b5t ! tree incl9es4 ,b ! anci5ts 7 q z famili> ) ! same tru? "u o!r images4 ,! cask1 wrote ,horace1 w long reta9 ! od\r ( t :i* has once be5 p\r$ into x :5 new4 ,qu9tilian1 describ+ ! deprav$ influ5ces :i* surr\nd$ ev5 ! infancy ( a ,roman *ild1 said1 ,f ^! arise fir/ famili>ity1 !n nature4 ,no "o has laid d[n ! pr9ciple m emphatically ?an ,s5eca himself4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! foll[+ passage f 8 ,lett]s1 on evil conv]sation4 ,! conv]sation1 he says1 ( ^! m5 is v injuri\s2 =1 ev5 if x does no imm$iate h>m1 x leaves its se$s 9 ! m9d1 & foll[s u ev5 :5 we h gone f ! speak]s1--a plague sure to spr+ up 9 future resurrection4 ,j z ^? :o h he>d a symphony c>ry 9 _! e>s ! tune & sweetness ( ! song :i* entangles _! ?\ghts1 & does n suff] !m to give _! :ole en]gy to s]i\s matt]s2 s ! conv]sation ( flatt]]s & ( ^? :o praise evil ?+s1 l+]s long] 9 ! m9d ?an ! "t ( he>+ x4 ,nor is x easy to %ake out ( ! s\l a sweet s\nd2 x pursues u1 & l+]s ) u1 & at p]petual int]vals recurs4 ,our e>s !re=e mu/ be clos$ to evil words1 & t to ! v fir/ we he>4 ,= :5 !y h once begun & be5 admitt$1 !y acquire m & m audacity2 & s he adds a little aft]w>ds1 our days fl[ on1 & irrep>able life passes beyond our rea*4 ,yet he :o wrote ^! noble words 0 n only a flatt]] to 8 imp]ial pupil1 b is *>g$ ) hav+ delib]ately enc\rag$ him 9 a fooli% passion = a fre$woman nam$ ,acte1 into :i* ,n]o fell4 ,x 0 ( c\rse 8 duty to recall ! wav]+ affections ( ! y\?ful ,emp]or to 8 betro!d ,octavia1 ! daught] ( ,claudius1 to :om he _h be5 b\nd by e tie ( hon\r & affection1 & 8 union ) :om gave "s %ad[ ( great] legitimacy to 8 practical usurpation4 ,b pr9ces r>ely love ! wives to :om !y owe any "p ( _! elevation4 ,h5ry ,,vii4 treat$ ,elizabe? ( ,york ) _m slights4 ,! union ( ,william ,,iii4 ) ,m>y 0 ov]%ad[$ by h] sup]ior claim to ! royal p[]2 & ,n]o f ! fir/ reg>d$ ) av]sion1 :i* end$ 9 assass9ation1 ! poor "y orphan girl :o recall$ to ! popul> memory 8 sl5d] pret5sions to h]$it>y empire1 & :om he reg>d$ z a possible rival1 if h] c[$ & pla/ic nature %\ld ev] become a tool 9 ! h&s ( m p[]ful intrigu]s4 ,b we d n he> ( any attempt on ,s5eca's "p to urge ^u ,n]o ! fulfillm5t ( ?is high duty1 & we f9d him s9k+ into ! degrad$ position ( an accomplice ) "y pr(ligates l ,o?o1 z ! confid5t ( a di%on\rable love4 ,su* conduct1 :i* w\ld h done discr$it to a m]e c\rti]1 0 to a ,/oic disgraceful4 ,b ! pr9ciple :i* l$ to x is ! v pr9ciple to :i* we h be5 po9t+1--! pr9ciple ( moral compromise1 ! pr9ciple ( p]mitt+ & enc\rag+ :at is evil 9 ! va9 hope ( !reby prev5t+ :at is worse4 ,x is h>dly /range t ,s5eca %\ld h err$ 9 ?is way1 = compromise 0 ! "* ( 8 entire life4 ,he appe>s to h set be=e himself ! :olly impossible task ( be+ bo? a g5u9e philosoph] & a /atesman "u ! ,caes>s4 ,he prid$ himself on be+ n only a philosoph]1 b also a man ( ! _w1 & ! consequ5ce 01 t 9 bo? capacities he fail$4 ,x 0 z true 9 ,paganism z x is 9 ,*ri/ianity1 t a man mu/ make 8 *oice betwe5 duty & int]e/--betwe5 ! s]vice ( ,mammon & ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,no man ev] ga9$ any?+ b contempt & ru9 by incessantly halt+ betwe5 two op9ions4 ,& by n tak+ t l(ty l9e ( duty :i* a ,z5o or an ,anti/h5es w\ld h tak51 ,s5eca became m or less involv$ 9 "s ( ! mo/ dreadful ev5ts ( ,n]o's reign4 ,e "o ( ! t]rible d\bts "u :i* 8 reputation has suff]$ arose f 8 hav+ p]mitt$ ! pr9ciple ( exp$i5ce to sup]c$e ! laws ( virtue4 ,"o or two ( ^! ev5ts we mu/ briefly n>rate4 ,we h already po9t$ out t ! ,nemesis :i* = s _m ye>s _h be5 secretly dogg+ ! foot/eps ( ,agripp9a made h] tremble "u ! weight ( its fir/ cruel bl[s :5 %e seem$ to h atta9$ ! highe/ summit ( h] ambition4 ,v e>ly inde$ ,n]o began to be gall$ & irritat$ by ! insatiate assumption & swoll5 au?ority ( ! be/ ( mo!rs4 ,! furi\s reproa*es :i* %e heap$ ^u him :5 %e saw 9 ,acte a possible rival to h] p[] drove him to take refuge 9 ! facile & unphilosophic worldl9ess ( ,s5eca's concessions1 & goad$ him almo/ imm$iately aft]w>ds into an atroci\s crime4 ,he naturally look$ on ,britannicus1 ! y\?ful son ( ,claudius1 ) ev5 m suspicion & hatr$ ?an t ) :i* he reg>d$ ,octavia4 ,k+s h r>ely be5 able to ab/a9 f acts ( sev]ity aga9/ ^? :o might become claimants to ! ?rone4 ,! feel+s ( ,k+ ,john t[>ds ,pr9ce ,ar?ur1 ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 t[>ds ! ,e>l ( ,m>*1 ( ,m>y t[>ds ,lady ,jane ,grey1 ( ,elizabe? t[>ds ,m>y ,/u>t1 ( ,k+ ,james t[>ds ,lady ,arabella ,/u>t1 resembl$1 b probably by no means equall$ 9 int5sity1 ^? ( ,n]o t[>ds 8 k9sman & adoptive bro!r4 ,to %[ him any affection 0 a dang]\s crime1 & x furni%$ a suffici5t cause = imm$iate removal if any att5dant behav$ t[>ds him ) fidelity4 ,su* a l9e ( treatm5t =e%ad[$ ! cata/rophe :i* 0 ha/5$ by ! rage ( ,agripp9a4 ,%e w\ld g1 %e said1 & take ) h] to ! camp ! noble boy :o 0 n[ ( full age to und]take ^? imp]ial duties :i* a usurp] 0 ex]cis+ 9 virtue ( crimes :i* %e 0 n[ prep>$ to confess4 ,!n let ! mutilat$ ,burrus & ! glib-tongu$ ,s5eca see :e!r !y c\ld be a mat* = ! son ( ,claudius & ! daught] ( ,g]manicus4 ,su* language1 utt]$ ) viol5t ge/ures & furi\s imprecations1 might well excite ! al>m ( ! timid ,n]o4 ,& t al>m 0 increas$ by a rec5t circum/ance1 :i* %[$ t all ! ance/ral _s 0 n dead 9 ! brea/ ( ,britannicus4 ,dur+ ! fe/ivities ( ! ,saturnalia1 :i* 7 kept by ! anci5ts ) all ! hil>ity ( ! mod]n ,*ri/mas1 ,n]o _h be5 elect$ by lot z gov]nor ( ! fea/1 &1 9 t capacity1 0 entitl$ to issue 8 ord]s to ! gue/s4 ,to ! o!rs he issu$ trivial m&ates :i* w\ld n make !m blu%2 b ,britannicus 9 violation ( e pr9ciple ( ,roman decorum1 0 ord]$ to /& up 9 ! middle & s+ a song4 ,! boy1 inexp]i5c$ z yet ev5 9 sob] banquets1 & :olly unaccu/om$ to drunk5 convivialities1 might well h falt]$2 b he at once rose1 & ) a /eady voice began a /ra9--probably ! magnific5t wail ( ,&roma*e ov] ! fall ( ,troy1 :i* has be5 pres]v$ to u f a lo/ play ( ,ennius--9 :i* he indicat$ 8 own disgraceful ejection f 8 h]$it>y rights4 ,8 c\rage & 8 mis=tunes woke 9 ! gue/s a feel+ ( pity :i* night & w9e made !m less c>eful to disguise4 ,f t mom5t ! fate ( ,britannicus 0 seal$4 ,locu/a1 ! celebrat$ poison] ( anci5t ,rome1 0 summon$ to ! c\ncils ( ,n]o to get rid ( ,britannicus1 z %e _h already be5 summon$ to ^? ( 8 "m :5 %e wi%$ to disemb>rass h]self ( ,britannicus's fa!r4 ,! ma9 difficulty 0 to avoid discov]y1 s9ce no?+ 0 eat5 or drunk at ! imp]ial table till x _h be5 ta/$ by ! praegu/ator4 ,to avoid ?is difficulty a v hot draught 0 giv5 to ,britannicus1 & :5 he wi%$ = some?+ cool] a swift & subtle poison 0 dropp$ into ! cold wat] ) :i* x 0 temp]$4 ,! boy drank1 & in/antly sank f 8 seat1 gasp+ & spee*less4 ,! gue/s />t$ up 9 con/]nation1 & fix$ _! eyes on ,n]o4 ,he ) ! utmo/ coolness assur$ !m t x 0 m]ely a fit ( epilepsy1 to :i* 8 bro!r 0 accu/om$1 & f :i* he w\ld soon recov]4 ,! t]ror & agitation ( ,agripp9a %[$ to e "o t %e at lea/ 0 guiltless ( ?is d>k de$2 b ! unhappy ,octavia1 "y z %e 01 & d\bly t]rible on e gr\nd z ! bl[ mu/ h be5 to h]1 sat sil5t & motionless1 hav+ already le>nt by h] mis=tunes ! awful necessity = suppress+ "u an impassive ext]ior h] affections & sorr[s1 h] hopes & fe>s4 ,9 ! dead ( night1 amid /orms & murky ra91 :i* 7 ?\ght to indicate ! wra? ( heav51 ! la/ ( ! ,claudii 0 ha/ily & meanly hurri$ into a di%on\rable grave4 ,we may believe t 9 ?is crime ,s5eca _h no %>e :atev]1 b we c h>dly believe t he 0 ignorant ( x aft] x _h be5 committ$1 or t he _h no %>e 9 ! int5sely hypocritical edict 9 :i* ,n]o bewail$ ! fact ( 8 adoptive bro!r's dea?1 excus$ 8 hurri$ fun]al1 & ?rew himself on ! additional indulg5ce & protection ( ! ,s5ate4 ,n]o %[$ ! consci\sness ( guilt by ! imm5se l>gesses :i* he di/ribut$ to ! mo/ p[]ful ( 8 fri5ds1 ,nor 7 !re want+ m51 says ,tacitus1 9 a mo/ significant mann]1 :o accus$ c]ta9 p1 notori\s = _! high pr(essions1 ( hav+ at t p]iod divid$ among !m villas & h\ses z ?\gh !y _h be5 s mu* spoil4 ,!re c h>dly be a d\bt t ! great hi/orian int5ds by ?is rem>k to po9t at ,s5eca1 to :om he tries to be fair1 b :om he c\ld nev] q =give = 8 %>e 9 ! disgraces ( ,n]o's reign4 ,t av>ice 0 "o ( ,s5eca's temptations is too probable2 t exp$i5cy 0 a guid+ pr9ciple ( 8 conduct is b too evid5t2 & = a man ) su* a "* to rebut an innu5do is nev] an easy task4 ,nay m1 x 0 aft] ?is f\l ev5t1 at ! close ( ,n]o's fir/ ye>1 t ,s5eca address$ him 9 ! extravagant & gl[+ language ( 8 treatise on ,clem5cy4 ,! quality ( m]cy1 & ! duty ( pr9ces to practise x1 has nev] be5 m eloqu5tly extoll$2 b x is accompani$ by a fulsome flatt]y :i* has 9 x some?+ pa9fully grotesque z address$ by a philosoph] to "o :om he knew to h be5 guilty1 t v ye>1 ( an inhuman fratricide4 ,imag9e "s ,jewi% ,ph>isee1--a ,nicodemus or a ,gamaliel--pron\nc+ an eulogy on ! t5d]ness ( a ,h]od1 & y h "s picture ( ! appe>ance :i* ,s5eca's consi/5cy mu/ h worn 9 ! eyes ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,?is ev5t took place ,a4,d4 #ee1 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ,n]o's ,qu9qu5nium1 & ! same ye> 0 ne>ly signaliz$ by ! dea? ( 8 "m4 ,a *>ge ( pret5d$ conspiracy 0 inv5t$ aga9/ h]1 & x is probable t b = ! int]v5tion ( ,burrus1 :o ) ,s5eca 0 appo9t$ to exam9e into ! *>ge1 %e w\ld h fall5 a v sudd5 victim to ! c[>dly cr$ulity & gr[+ hatr$ ( h] son4 ,! extraord9>y & eloqu5t audacity ( h] def5ce creat$ a reaction 9 h] fav\r1 & secur$ ! puni%m5t ( h] accus]s4 ,b ! ties ( affection c\ld n long unite two su* wick$ & imp]i\s natures z ^? ( ,agripp9a & h] son4 ,all hi/ory %[s t !re c be no real love betwe5 s\ls exceptionally wick$1 & t ?is is /ill m impossible :5 ! alliance betwe5 !m has be5 seal$ by a complicity 9 crime4 ,n]o _h n[ fall5 into a deep infatuation = ,poppaea ,sab9a1 ! beautiful wife ( ,o?o1 & %e refus$ him h] h& s long z he 0 /ill "u ! control ( 8 "m4 ,at ?is "t ,agripp9a1 z ! j consequ5ce ( h] _m crimes1 0 reg>d$ by all classes ) a fanaticism ( hatr$ :i* 9 ,poppaea ,sab9a 0 int5sifi$ by manife/ self-int]e/4 ,n]o1 always weak1 _h long reg>d$ 8 "m ) real t]ror & disgu/1 & he sc>cely ne$$ ! urg5cy ( con/ant application to make him long to get rid ( h]4 ,b ! daught] ( ,g]manicus c\ld n be op5ly de/roy$1 :ile h] own precautions help$ to secure h] aga9/ secret assass9ation4 ,x only rema9$ to compass h] dea? by trea*]y4 ,n]o _h long compell$ h] to live 9 suburban retirem5t1 & _h made no attempt to conceal ! op5 rapture :i* exi/$ betwe5 !m4 ,anicetus1 admiral ( ! fleet at ,mis5um1 & a =m] in/ructor ( ,n]o1 sugge/$ ! exp$i5t ( a pret5d$ public reconciliation1 9 virtue ( :i* ,agripp9a %\ld be invit$ to ,baiae1 & on h] return %\ld be plac$ on bo>d a vessel s con/ruct$ z to come to pieces by ! removal ( bolts4 ,! disa/] might !n be attribut$ to a m]e naval accid5t1 & ,n]o might make ! mo/ o/5tati\s display ( 8 affection & regret4 ,! invitation 0 s5t1 & a vessel specially decorat$ 0 ord]$ to await h] movem5ts4 ,b1 ei!r f suspicion or f secret in=mation1 %e decl9$ to avail h]self ( x1 & 0 convey$ to ,baiae 9 a litt]4 ,! effusion ( hypocritical affection ) :i* %e 0 receiv$1 ! unusual t5d]ness & hon\r ) :i* %e 0 treat$1 ! e>ne/ gaze1 ! w>m embrace1 ! v>i$ conv]sation1 remov$ h] suspicions1 & %e cons5t$ to return 9 ! vessel ( hon\r4 ,z ?\gh = ! purpose ( reveal+ ! crime1 ! night 0 />ry & ! sea calm4 ,! %ip _h n sail$ f>1 & ,crep]eius ,gallus1 "o ( h] fri5ds1 0 /&+ ne> ! helm1 :ile a lady nam$ ,ac]ronia 0 seat$ at h] feet z %e recl9$1 & bo? 7 vie+ ) ea* o!r 9 ! w>m? ( _! congratulations ^u ! rec5t int]view1 :5 a cra% 0 he>d1 & ! canopy above !m :i* _h be5 weight$ ) a quantity ( lead1 0 sudd5ly let g4 ,crep]eius 0 cru%$ to dea? ^u ! spot2 ,agripp9a & ,ac]ronia 7 sav$ by ! project+ sides ( ! c\* on :i* !y 7 re/+2 9 ! hurry & al>m1 z accomplices 7 m+l$ ) a great] numb] :o 7 innoc5t ( ! plot1 ! ma*9]y ( ! trea*]\s vessel fail$4 ,"s ( ! r[]s ru%$ to "o side ( ! %ip1 hop+ 9 t mann] to s9k x1 b "h too _! c\ncils 7 divid$ & confus$4 ,ac]ronia1 9 ! selfi% hope ( secur+ assi/ance1 exclaim$ t %e 0 ,agripp9a1 & 0 imm$iately despat*$ ) o>s & poles2 ,agripp9a1 sil5t & unrecogniz$1 receiv$ a w\nd ^u ! %\ld]1 b succe$$ 9 keep+ h]self afloat till %e 0 pick$ up by fi%]m5 & c>ri$ 9 safety to h] villa4 ,! hide\s attempt f :i* %e _h be5 ?us miracul\sly rescu$ did n escape h] ke5 intuition1 accu/om$ z x 0 to de$s ( guilt2 b1 see+ t h] only *ance ( safety re/$ 9 dissimulation & retic5se1 %e s5t h] fre$man ,ag]9us to tell h] son t by ! m]cy ( heav5 %e _h escap$ f a t]rible accid5t1 b to beg him n to be al>m$1 & n to come to see h] because %e ne$$ re/4 ,! news fill$ ,n]o ) ! wilde/ t]ror1 & ! expectation ( an imm$iate rev5ge4 ,9 horrible agitation & unc]ta9ty he in/antly requir$ ! pres5ce ( ,burrus & ,s5eca4 ,tacitus d\bts :e!r !y may n h be5 already aw>e ( :at he _h attempt$1 & ,dion1 to ^: gross calumnies1 h[ev]1 we ne$ pay no att5tion1 decl>es t ,s5eca _h frequ5tly urg$ ,n]o to ! de$1 ei!r 9 ! hope ( ov]%ad[+ 8 own guilt1 or ( involv+ ,n]o 9 a crime :i* %\ld ha/5 8 mo/ spe$y de/ruction at ! h&s ( gods & m54 ,9 ! abs5ce ( all evid5ce we may ) p]fect confid5ce acquit ! memory ( ^! em95t m5 f hav+ gone s f> z ?is4 ,x mu/ h be5 a /range & awful sc5e4 ,! "y man1 = ,n]o 0 b tw5ty-two ye>s old1 p\r$ into ! e>s _! tumult ( 8 agitation & al>m4 ,:ite ) fe>1 weak ) dissipation1 & torm5t$ by ! furies ( a guilty consci5ce1 ! wret*$ y\? look$ f "o to ano!r ( 8 ag$ m9i/]s4 ,a long & pa9ful pause ensu$4 ,if !y dissuad$ him 9 va9 f ! crime :i* he m$itat$ _! lives w\ld h be5 9 dang]2 & p]haps !y s9c]ely ?\ght t ?+s _h gone s f> t1 unless ,agripp9a 7 anticipat$1 ,n]o w\ld be de/roy$4 ,s5eca 0 ! fir/ to break t sil5ce ( angui% by inquir+ ( ,burrus :e!r ! soldi]y c\ld be entru/$ to put h] to dea?4 ,8 reply 0 t ! praetorians w\ld d no?+ aga9/ a daught] ( ,g]manicus & t ,anicetus %\ld accompli% :at he _h promis$4 ,anicetus %[$ himself prompt to crime1 & ,n]o ?ank$ him 9 a rapture ( gratitude4 ,:ile ! fre$man ,ag]9us 0 deliv]+ to ,n]o 8 "m's message1 ,anicetus dropp$ a dagg] at 8 feet1 decl>$ t he _h caught him 9 ! v act ( attempt+ ! ,emp]or's assass9ation1 & hurri$ (f ) a b& ( soldi]s to puni% ,agripp9a z ! au?or ( ! crime4 ,! multitude mean:ile 7 roam+ 9 wild excitem5t along ! %ore2 _! tor*es 7 se5 glimm]+ 9 evid5t commotion ab\t ! sc5e ( ! calamity1 :]e "s 7 wad+ into ! wat] 9 se>* ( ! body1 & o!rs 7 %\t+ incoh]5t que/ions & replies4 ,at ! rum\r ( ,agripp9a's escape !y ru%$ (f 9 a body to h] villa to express _! congratulations1 :]e !y 7 disp]s$ by ! soldi]s ( ,anicetus1 :o _h already tok5 possession ( x4 ,scatt]+ or seiz+ ! slaves :o came 9 _! way1 & bur/+ _! passage f door to door1 !y f\nd ! ,empress 9 a dimly-light$ *amb]1 att5d$ only by a s+le h&maid4 ,do/ ?\ too des]t me8 exclaim$ ! wret*$ woman to h] s]vant1 z %e rose to slip away4 ,9 sil5t det]m9ation ! soldi]s surr\nd$ h] c\*1 & ,anicetus 0 ! fir/ to /rike h] ) a /ick4 ,/rike my womb1 %e cri$ to him fa9tly1 z he drew 8 sword1 = x bore ,n]o4 ,! bl[ ( ,anicetus 0 ! signal = h] imm$iate de/ruction3 %e 0 dispat*$ ) _m w\nds1 & 0 buri$ t night at ,mis5um on a common c\* & ) a mean fun]al4 ,su* an end1 _m ye>s previ\sly1 ?is si/]1 & wife1 & "m ( emp]ors _h anticipat$ & despis$2 = :5 ! ,*aldaeans _h assur$ h] t h] son w\ld become ,emp]or1 & w\ld murd] h]1 %e is said to h exclaim$1 ,occidat dum imp]et1 ,let him slay me if he b reign4 ,x only rema9$ to acc\nt = ! crime1 & (f] = x su* ly+ def5ces z 7 mo/ likely to ga9 cr$it4 ,fly+ to ,naples f a sc5e :i* _h n[ become awful to him1--= places d n *ange z m5's faces *ange1 &1 besides ?is1 8 di/urb$ consci5ce made him fancy t he he>d f ! hill ( ,mis5um ! bl[+ ( a gho/ly trumpet & wail+s ab\t 8 "m's tomb 9 ! h\rs ( night1--he s5t f !nce a lett] to ! ,s5ate1 say+ t 8 "m _h be5 puni%$ = an attempt ^u 8 life1 & add+ a li/ ( h] crimes1 real & imag9>y1 ! n>rative ( h] accid5tal %ipwreck1 & 8 op9ion t h] dea? 0 a public bless+4 ,! au?or ( ?is %ameful docum5t 0 ,s5eca1 & 9 compos+ x he rea*$ ! nadir ( 8 moral degradation4 ,ev5 ! lax morality ( a mo/ deg5]ate age condemn$ him = calmly sitt+ d[n to decorate ) ! graces ( rhetoric & anti!sis an atrocity too deep = ! p[]s ( indignation4 ,a ,s5eca c\ld /oop to write :at a ,?rasea ,paetus c\ld sc>cely /oop to he>2 = 9 ! meet+ ( ! ,s5ate at :i* ! lett] 0 recit$1 ,?rasea rose 9 indignation1 & w5t /raight home r ?an seem to sanction by 8 pres5ce ! adulation ( a matricide4 ,& ! composition ( t guily1 elaborate1 %ameful lett] 0 ! la/ prom95t act ( ,s5eca's public life4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,end ,nor 0 x unnatural t x %\ld be4 ,moral precepts1 philosophic guidance 7 no long] possible to "o ^: compliances or ^: timidity _h l$ him s f> z fir/ to sanction matricide1 & !n to def5d x4 ,he might inde$ be /ill p[]ful to recomm5d pr9ciples ( common s5se & political exp$i5cy1 b ! l(ti] lessons ( ,/oicism1 nay1 ev5 ! bett] utt]ances ( a m]e ord9>y ,pagan morality1 c\ld h5ce=? only fall f 8 lips ) some?+ ( a holl[ r+4 ,he might int]f]e1 z we "k he did1 to r5d] z innocu\s z possible ! p]nici\s vanity :i* made ,n]o s ready to degrade 8 imp]ial rank by public appe>ances on ! or*e/ra or 9 ! race-c\rse1 b he c\ld h>dly address aga9 su* noble tea*+s z t ( ! treatise on ,clem5cy to "o :om1 on gr\nds ( political exp$i5cy1 he _h n dissuad$ f ! trea*]\s murd] ( a "m1 :o1 :atev] h] enormities1 yet = 8 sake _h sold h] v s\l4 ,al?\gh !re may h be5 a /rong suspicion t f\l play _h be5 committ$1 ! actual facts & details ( ! dea? ( ,agripp9a w\ld re/ betwe5 ,n]o & ,s5eca z a guilty secret1 9 ! guilt ( :i* ,s5eca himself mu/ h 8 %>e4 ,su* a position ( ?+s 0 ! inevitable dea?-bl[1 n only to all fri5d%ip1 b to all confid5ce1 & ultimately to all int]c\rse4 ,we see 9 sacr$ hi/ory t ,joab's p>ticipation 9 ,david's guilty secret gave him ! absolute ma/]y ov] 8 own sov]eign2 we see repeat$ly 9 pr(ane hi/ory t ! mutual k ( "s crime is ! inv>iable cause ( deadly hatr$ betwe5 a subject & a k+4 ,su* feel+s z ,k+ ,john may be suppos$ to h _h to ,hub]t de ,burgh1 or ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,iii4 to ,sir ,james ,tyrrel1 or ,k+ ,james ,i4 to ! ,e>l ( ,som]set1 su* probably1 9 /ill m virul5t int5sity1 7 ! feel+s ( ,n]o t[>ds 8 :ilome guide1 philosoph]1 & fri5d4 ,= ,n]o v soon le>nt t ,s5eca 0 no long] necess>y to him4 ,= a "t he l+]$ 9 ,campania1 guiltily dubi\s z to ! k9d ( reception t await$ him 9 ! capital4 ,! assurances ( ! vile crew :i* surr\nd$ him soon made t fe> we> (f1 & :5 he pluck$ up ! c\rage to return to 8 palace1 he might himself h be5 amaz$ at ! effusion ( infam\s loyalty & v5al acclamation ) :i* he 0 receiv$4 ,all ,rome p\r$ itself =? to meet him2 ! ,s5ate appe>$ 9 fe/al robes ) _! wives & girls & boys 9 long array2 seats & scaffold+s 7 built up along ! road by :i* he _h to pass1 z ?\gh ! populace _h gone =? to see a triumph4 ,) haughty me91 ! victor ( a nation ( slaves1 he asc5d$ ! ,capitol1 gave ?anks to ! gods1 & w5t home to betray h5ce=? ! full p]v]sity ( a nature :i* ! rev]5ce = 8 "m1 su* z x 01 _h hi!rto 9 "p re/ra9$4 ,b ! in/9cts ( ! populace 7 suppress$ r ?an eradicat$4 ,!y hung a sack f 8 /atue by night 9 allusion to ! old puni%m5t ( p>ricides1 :o 7 s5t5c$ to be flung into ! sea1 ti$ up 9 a sack ) a s]p5t1 a monkey1 & a cock4 ,!y expos$ an infant 9 ! ,=um ) a tablet on :i* 0 writt51 ,i refuse to re> !e1 le/ ?\ %\ld/ slay ?y "m4 ,!y scrawl$ ^u ! blank walls ( ,rome an iambic l9e :i* rem9d$ all :o read x t ,n]o1 ,ore/es1 & ,alcmaeon 7 murd]]s ( _! mo!rs4 ,ev5 ,n]o mu/ h be5 well aw>e t he pres5t$ a hide\s spectacle 9 ! eyes ( all :o _h ! fa9te/ %ade ( righte\sness among ! p :om he rul$4 ,all ?is took place 9 ,a4,d4 #ei1 & we he> no m ( ,s5eca till ! ye> #fb1 a ye> memorable = ! dea? ( ,burrus1 :o _h long be5 8 hone/1 fri5dly1 & fai?ful colleague4 ,9 ^! d>k times1 :5 all m5 seem$ to be speak+ 9 a :isp]1 almo/ e dea? ( a conspicu\s & high-m9d$ man1 if n caus$ by op5 viol5ce1 falls "u ! suspicion ( secret poison4 ,! dea? ( ,burrus may h be5 due 7f ! description7 to diph!ria1 b ! popul> voice *>g$ ,n]o ) hav+ ha/5$ 8 dea? by a pret5d$ rem$y1 & decl>$ t1 :5 ! ,emp]or visit$ 8 sick b$1 ! dy+ man turn$ away f 8 inquiries ) ! laconic answ]1 ,i am well4 ,8 dea? 0 regrett$1 n only f ! memory ( 8 virtues1 b also f ! fact t ,n]o appo9t$ two m5 z 8 successors1 ( :om ! "o1 ,f5ius ,rufus1 0 honorable b indol5t2 ! o!r & m p[]ful1 ,s(onius ,tigell9us _h won = himself among cruel & %ameful associates a pre-em95ce ( hatr$ & ( %ame4 ,h[ev] faulty & inconsi/5t ,s5eca may h be51 !re 0 at any rate no possibility t he %\ld divide ) a ,tigell9us ! direction ( 8 /ill y\?ful ma/]4 ,he 0 by no means deceiv$ z to ! position 9 :i* he /ood1 & ! few among ,n]o's foll[]s 9 :om any sp>k ( hon\r 0 left in=m$ him ( ! incessant calumnies :i* 7 us$ to und]m9e 8 influ5ce4 ,tigell9us & 8 fri5ds dwelt on 8 enorm\s weal? & 8 magnific5t villas & g>d5s1 :i* c\ld only h be5 acquir$ ) ult]ior objects1 & :i* ?rew into ! %ade ! spl5d\r ( ! ,emp]or himself4 ,!y tri$ to k9dle ! inflammable jeal\sies ( ,n]o's feeble m9d by repres5t+ ,s5eca z attempt+ to rival him 9 poetry1 & z claim+ ! entire cr$it ( 8 eloqu5ce1 :ile he mock$ 8 div9e s++1 & disp>ag$ 8 accompli%m5ts z a h>p] & *>iote] because he himself 0 unable to acquire !m4 ,n]o1 !y urg$ 0 a boy no long]2 let him get rid ( 8 s*oolma/]1 & f9d suffici5t in/ruction 9 ! example ( 8 ance/ors4 ,=esee+ h[ su* argum5ts mu/ end2 ,s5eca reque/$ an int]view ) ,n]o2 begg$ to be suff]$ to retire altoge!r f public life2 plead$ age & increas+ infirmities z an excuse = desir+ a calm retreat2 & (f]$ unconditionally to resign ! weal? & hon\rs :i* _h excit$ ! cupidity ( 8 enemies1 b :i* 7 simply due to ,n]o's unexampl$ lib]ality dur+ ! eight ye>s ( 8 gov]nm5t1 t[>ds "o :om he _h reg>d$ z a b5efactor & a fri5d4 ,b ,n]o did n *oose to let ,s5eca escape s lightly4 ,he argu$ t1 be+ /ill "y1 he c\ld n sp>e him1 & t to accept 8 (f]s w\ld n be at all 9 accordance ) 8 fame = g5]osity4 ,a pr(ici5t 9 ! imp]ial art ( hid+ dete/ation "u deceitful bl&i%m5ts1 ,n]o end$ ! int]view ) embraces & assurances ( fri5d%ip4 ,s5eca ?ank$ him--! usual t]m9ation1 z ,tacitus bitt]ly adds1 ( int]views ) a rul]--b nev]!less alt]$ 8 entire mann] ( life1 =bade 8 fri5ds to ?rong to 8 levees1 avoid$ all companions1 & r>ely appe>$ 9 public--wi%+ x to be believ$ t he 0 suff]+ f weak heal?1 or 0 :olly occupi$ 9 ! pursuit ( philosophy4 ,he well knew ! arts ( c\rts1 = 9 8 book on ,ang] he has told an anecdote ( "o :o1 be+ ask$ h[ he _h manag$ to atta9 s r>e a gift z old age 9 a palace1 repli$1 ,by submitt+ to injuries1 & return+ ?anks = !m4 ,b he mu/ h kn[n t 8 life hung ^u a ?read1 = 9 ! v same ye> an attempt 0 made to involve him 9 a *>ge ( treason z "o ( ! fri5ds ( ,c4 ,calpurnius ,piso1 an illu/ri\s nobleman ^: weal? & ability made him an object ( jeal\sy & suspicion1 ?\gh he 0 naturally unambiti\s & devoid ( en]gy4 ,! attempt fail$ at ! "t1 & ,s5eca 0 able triumphantly to refute ! *>ge ( any treasonable design4 ,b ! fact ( su* a *>ge be+ made %[$ h[ insecure 0 ! position ( any man ( em95ce "u ! deep5+ tyranny ( ,n]o1 & x precipitat$ ! conspiracy :i* two ye>s aft]w>ds 0 actually =m$4 ,n long aft] ! dea? ( ,burrus1 :5 ,n]o began to add sacrilege to 8 o!r crimes1 ,s5eca made "o m attempt to retire f ,rome2 &1 :5 p]mission 0 a second "t refus$1 he feign$ a sev]e illness1 & conf9$ himself to 8 *amb]4 ,x 0 ass]t$1 & believ$1 t ab\t ?is "t ,n]o made an attempt to poison him by ! in/rum5tality ( 8 fre$man ,cleonicus1 :i* 0 only defeat$ by ! confession ( an accomplice or by ! ab/emi\s habits ( ! philosoph] :o n[ took no?+ b bread & fruit1 & nev] qu5*$ 8 ?ir/ except out ( ! runn+ /ream4 ,x 0 dur+ ^? two ye>s ( ,s5eca's seclusion & disgrace t an ev5t happ5$ ( imp]i%able int]e/4 ,on ! orgies ( a %ameful c\rt1 on ! sup95ess ( a deg5]ate p1 !re bur/--z ^u ! c\rt ( ,*>les ,,ii4--a sudd5 lightn+-fla% ( retribution4 ,9 its "*1 9 its ext5t1 9 ! deva/ation & angui% ( :i* x 0 ! cause1 9 ! improvem5ts by :i* x 0 foll[$1 9 ! ly+ orig9 to :i* x 0 attribut$1 ev5 9 ! g5]al circum/ances ( ! p]iod & "* ( ! reign 9 :i* x happ5$1 !re is a close & s+ul> analogy betwe5 ! ,great ,fire ( ,london 9 #afff & ! ,great ,fire ( ,rome 9 #fd4 ,beg9n+ 9 ! cr[d$ "p ( ! city1 "u ! ,palat9e & ,caelian ,hills1 x rag$1 fir/ = six1 & !n aga9 = ?ree days1 among ! inflammable mat]ial ( boo?s & %ops1 & driv5 along by a furi\s w9d1 amid feeble & ill-direct$ ef=ts to *eck its c\rse1 x bur/ irresi/ibly ov] palaces1 temples1 & porticoes1 & amid ! n>r[ tortu\s /reets ( old ,rome1 involv+ 9 a common de/ruction ! mo/ magnific5t works ( anci5t art1 ! *oice/ manuscripts ( anci5t lit]ature1 & ! mo/ v5]able monum5ts ( anci5t sup]/ition4 ,9 a few t\*es ( inimitable compression1 su* z ! /]n g5ius ( ! ,lat9 language p]mits1 b :i* are too cond5s$ = direct translation1 ,tacitus has depict$ ! horror ( ! sc5e1--wail+ ( panic-/rick5 wom51 ! helplessness ( ! v ag$ & ! v "y1 ! passionate eag]ness = !mselves & = o!rs1 ! dragg+ along ( ! feeble or ! wait+ = !m1 ! l+]+ & ! hurry1 ! common & inextricable confusion4 ,_m1 :ile !y look$ backw>d1 7 cut (f by ! flames 9 front or at ! sides2 if !y s\ght "s neighbor+ refuge1 !y f\nd x 9 ! grasp ( ! conflagration2 if !y hurri$ to "s m di/ant spot1 t too 0 f\nd to be involv$ 9 ! same calamity4 ,at la/1 unc]ta9 :at to seek or :at to avoid1 !y cr[d$ ! /reets1 !y lay huddl$ toge!r 9 ! fields4 ,"s1 hav+ lo/ all _! possessions1 di$ f ! want ( daily food2 & o!rs1 :o might h escap$ di$ ( a brok5 he>t f ! angui% ( be+ b]eav$ ( ^? :om !y _h be5 unable to rescue2 :ile1 to add to ! univ]sal horror1 x 0 believ$ t all attempts to repress ! flames 7 *eck$ by au?oritive prohibition2 nay m1 t hir$ inc5di>ies 7 se5 fl++ firebr&s 9 new directions1 ei!r because !y _h be5 bidd5 to d s1 or t !y might ex]cise _! rap9e undi/urb$4 ,! hi/orians & anecdoti/s ( ! "t1 ^: acc\nts mu/ be tak5 = :at !y are wor?1 attribute to ,n]o ! orig9 ( ! conflagration2 & x is c]ta9 t he did n return to ,rome until ! fire _h caught ! gall]ies ( 8 palace4 ,9 va9 did he use e ex]tion to assi/ ! homeless & ru9$ population2 9 va9 did he ord] food to be sold to !m at a price unprec$5t$ly l[1 & ?r[ op5 to !m ! monum5ts ( ,agrippa1 8 own g>d5s1 & a multitude ( tempor>y %$s4 ,a rum\r _h be5 spread t1 dur+ ! t]rible unfold+ ( t great fl[] ( flame1 he _h m\nt$ to ! ro( ( 8 di/ant villa1 & delight$ ) ! beauty ( ! spectacle1 exult+ 9 ! safe s5sation ( a new excitem5t1 _h dress$ himself 9 !atrical attire1 & sung to 8 h>p a poem on ! burn+ ( ,troy4 ,su* a he>tless mixture ( buffoon]y & affectation _h exasp]at$ ! p too deeply = =giv5ess1 & ,n]o ?\ght x necess>y to draw (f ! g5]al odium into a new *annel1 s9ce nei!r 8 l>gesses nor any o!r popul> measures succe$$ 9 remov+ f himself ! ignom9y ( ?is t]rible suspicion4 ,:at foll[s is s rem>kable1 &1 to a ,*ri/ian read]1 s deeply int]e/+1 t ,i w give x 9 ! v words ( t great hi/orian :om ,i h be5 s closely foll[+4 ,!re=e1 to get rid ( ?is report1 ,n]o trump$ up an accusation aga9/ a sect1 dete/$ = _! atrocities1 :om ! common p call$ ,*ri/ians1 & inflict$ on !m ! mo/ recondite puni%m5ts4 ,*ri/1 ! f\nd] ( ?is sect1 _h be5 capitally puni%$ by ! ,procurator ,pontius ,pilate1 9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius2 & ?is damnable sup]/ition1 repress$ = ! pres5t1 0 aga9 break+ out1 n only ?r\gh ,judaea1 :]e ! evil orig9at$1 b ev5 ?r\gh ! ,city1 :i!r f all regions all ?+s t are atroci\s or %ameful fl[ toge!r & ga9 a foll[+4 ,^?1 !re=e1 7 fir/ arre/$ :o confess$ _! religion1 & !n on _! evid5ce a va/ multitude 7 condemn$1 n s mu* on ! *>ge ( inc5di>ism1 z = _! hatr$ t[>ds ! human race4 ,& mock]y 0 add$ to _! dea?2 = !y 7 cov]$ 9 ! sk9s ( wild bea/s & 7 torn to dea? by dogs1 or crucifi$1 or set ap>t = burn+1 & aft] ! close ( ! day 7 res]v$ = ! purpose ( nocturnal illum9ation4 ,n]o l5t 8 own g>d5s = ! spectacle1 & gave a *>iot-race1 m+l+ ) ! p 9 ! co/ume ( a *>iote]1 or driv+ among !m 9 8 *>iot2 by :i* conduct he rais$ a feel+ ( commis]ation t[>ds ! suff]]s1 guilty ?\gh !y 71 & des]v+ ( ! extreme/ p5alties1 z ?\gh !y 7 be+ ext]m9at$1 n = ! public int]e/s1 b to gratify ! savage cruelty ( "o man4 ,su* are ! brief b deeply pa!tic p>ticul>s :i* h come d[n to u respect+ ! fir/ great p]secution ( ! ,*ri/ians1 & su* mu/ h be5 ! horrid ev5ts ( :i* ,s5eca 0 a contempor>y1 & probably an actual eye-witness1 9 ! v la/ ye> ( 8 life4 ,pr(\ndly z 9 all likelihood he mu/ h despis$ ! v "n ( ,*ri/ian1 a he>t s naturally mild & humane z 8 mu/ h %udd]$ at ! mon/r\s cruelties devis$ aga9/ ! unhappy vot>ies ( ?is new religion4 ,b to ! relations ( ,*ri/ianity ) ! ,pagan _w we %all return 9 a subsequ5t *apt] & we mu/ n[ ha/5 to ! end ( our biography4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,s5eca4 ,! false *>ge :i* _h be5 br\ght aga9/ ,s5eca1 & 9 :i* ! "n ( ,piso _h be5 involv$1 t5d$ to urge t nobleman & 8 fri5ds into a real & =midable conspiracy4 ,_m m5 ( influ5ce & di/9ction jo9$ 9 x1 & among o!rs ,annaeus ,lucanus1 ! celebrat$ poet-nephew ( ,s5eca1 & ,f5ius ,rufus ! colleague ( ,tigell9us 9 ! comm& ( ! imp]ial gu>ds4 ,! plot 0 long discuss$1 & _m 7 admitt$ into ! secret1 :i* 0 nev]!less m>vell\sly well kept4 ,"o ( ! mo/ eag] conspirators 0 ,subrius ,flavus1 an (fic] ( ! gu>ds1 :o sugge/$ ! plan ( /abb+ ,n]o z he sang ^u ! /age1 or ( attack+ him z he w5t ab\t )\t gu>ds at night 9 ! gall]ies ( 8 burn+ palace4 ,flavus is ev5 said to h *]i%$ ! design ( subsequ5tly murd]+ ,piso likewise1 & ( (f]+ ! imp]ial p[] to ,s5eca1 ) ! full cognisance ( ! philosoph] himself4#ce ,h[ev] ?is may h be5--& ! /ory has no probability--_m s*emes 7 discuss$ & reject$1 f ! difficulty ( f9d+ a man suffici5tly bold & suffici5tly 9 e>ne/ to put 8 own life to su* imm95t risk4 ,:ile ?+s 7 /ill "u discussion1 ! plot 0 ne>ly ru9$ by ! in=mation ( ,volusius ,proculus1 an admiral ( ! fleet1 to :om x _h be5 m5tion$ by a fre$woman ( ! "n ( ,ephi*>is4 ,al?\gh no suffici5t evid5ce c\ld be adduc$ aga9/ h]1 ! conspirators ?\ght x advisable to ha/5 matt]s1 & "o ( !m1 a s5ator nam$ ,scaev9us1 und]took ! dang]\s task ( assass9ation4 ,plautius ,lat]anus1 ! c\sul-elect1 0 to pret5d to (f] a petition1 9 :i* he 0 to embrace ! ,emp]or's knees & ?r[ him to ! gr\nd1 & !n ,scaev9us 0 to deal ! fatal bl[4 ,! !atrical conduct ( ,scaev9us--:o took an antique dagg] f ! ,temple ( ,safety1 made 8 w1 ord]$ ! dagg] to be %>p5$1 sat d[n to an unusually luxuri\s banquet1 manumitt$ or made pres5ts to 8 slaves1 %[$ great agitation1 & f9ally ord]$ ligam5ts = w\nds to be prep>$1--awoke ! suspicions ( "o ( 8 fre$m5 nam$ ,mili*us1 :o ha/5$ to claim a rew>d = reveal+ 8 suspicions4 ,confront$ ) ,mili*us1 ,scaev9us met & refut$ 8 accusations ) ! greate/ firmness2 b :5 ,mili*us m5tion$ among o!r ?+s t1 ! day be=e1 ,scaev9us _h held a long & secret conv]sation ) ano!r fri5d ( ,piso nam$ ,natalis1 & :5 ,natalis1 on be+ summon$1 gave a v diff]5t acc\nt ( ! subject ( ?is conv]sation f t :i* ,scaev9us _h giv51 !y 7 bo? put 9 *a9s2 &1 unable to endure ! ?reats & ! sight ( tortures1 reveal$ ! entire conspiracy4 ,natalis 0 ! fir/ to m5tion$ ! "n ( ,piso1 & he add$ ! hat$ "n ( ,s5eca1 ei!r because he _h be5 ! confid5tial mess5g] betwe5 ! two1 or because he knew t he c\ld n d a great] fav\r to ,n]o ?an by giv+ him ! opportunity ( injur+ a man :om he _h long s\ght e possible opportunity to cru%4 ,scaev9us1 ) equal weakness1 p]haps because he ?\ght t ,natalis _h left no?+ to reveal1 m5tion$ ! names ( ! o!rs1 & among !m ( ,lucan1 ^: complicity 9 ! plot w\ld und\bt$ly t5d to give great] probability to ! suppos$ guilt ( ,s5eca4 ,lucan1 aft] long d5y+ all k ( ! design1 corrupt$ by ! promise ( impunity1 0 guilty ( ! incr$ible bas5ess ( mak+ up = ! sl[ness ( 8 confession by its complet5ess1 & ( nam+ among ! conspirators 8 *ief fri5d ,gallus & ,pollio1 & 8 own "m ,atilla4 ,! woman ,ephi*>is1 slave ?\gh %e _h once be51 alone %[$ ! slighte/ con/ancy1 &1 by h] brave un%ak5 retic5ce "u ! mo/ excruciat+ & v>i$ tortures1 put to %ame ! pusillanim\s trea*]y ( s5ators & knights4 ,on ! second day1 :51 ) limbs too dislocat$ to admit ( h] /&+1 %e 0 aga9 br\ght to ! pres5ce ( h] execution]s1 %e succe$$1 by a sudd5 movem5t1 9 /rangl+ h]self ) h] own girdle4 ,footnote #ce3 ,see ,juv4 ,sat4 viii4 #bab4 ,9 ! hurry & al>m ( ! mom5t ! slighte/ %[ ( resolution w\ld h a*iev$ ! object ( ! conspiracy4 ,f5ius ,rufus _h n yet be5 nam$ among ! conspirators1 & z he sat by ! side ( ! ,emp]or1 & presid$ ov] ! torture ( 8 associates1 ,subrius ,flavus made him a secret sign to inquire :e!r ev5 !n & !re he %\ld /ab ,n]o4 ,rufus n only made a sign ( diss5t1 b actually held ! h& ( ,subrius z x 0 grasp+ ! hilt ( 8 sword4 ,p]haps x w\ld h be5 bett] = him if he _h n done s1 = x 0 n likely t ! num]\s conspirators w\ld long p]mit ! same man to be at once _! accomplice & ! fi]ce/ ( _! judges4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 z he 0 urg+ & ?reat5+1 ,scaev9us rem>k$1 ) a quiet smile1 t nobody knew m ab\t ! matt] ?an he did himself1 & t he _h bett] %[ 8 gratitude to s excell5t a pr9ce by tell+ all he knew4 ,! confusion & al>m ( ,rufus betray$ 8 consci\sness ( guilt2 he 0 seiz$ & b\nd on ! spot1 & subsequ5tly put to dea?4 ,mean:ile ! fri5ds ( ,piso 7 urg+ to take "s bold & sudd5 /ep1 :i*1 if x did n succe$ 9 retriev+ 8 =tunes1 w\ld at lea/ %$ lu/re on 8 dea?4 ,b 8 some:at slo?ful nature1 weak5$ /ill fur!r by a luxuri\s life1 0 n to be ar\s$1 & he calmly await$ ! end4 ,x 0 cu/om>y among ! ,roman ,emp]ors at ?is p]iod to avoid ! disgrace & dang] ( public executions by s5d+ a mess5g] to a man's h\se1 & ord]+ him to put himself to dea? by :atev] means he pref]r$4 ,"s raw recruits--= ,n]o d>$ n intru/ any vet]ans ) ! duty--br\ght ! m&ate to ,piso1 :o proce$$ to make a w full ( disgraceful adulation t[>ds ,n]o1 op5$ 8 ve9s1 & di$4 ,plautius ,lat]anus 0 n ev5 all[$ ! poor privilege ( *oos+ 8 own dea?1 b1 )\t "t ev5 to embrace 8 *ildr51 0 hurri$ (f to a place set ap>t = ! puni%m5t ( slaves1 & !re di$1 )\t a ^w1 by ! sword ( a tribune :om he knew to be "o 8 own accomplices4 ,lucan1 9 ! prime ( 8 life & ! full bloom ( 8 g5ius1 0 believ$ to h jo9$ ! plot f 8 indignation at ! mann] 9 :i* ,n]o's jeal\sy _h repress$ 8 poetic fame1 & =bidd5 him ! opportunity ( public rectitations4 ,he too op5$ 8 ve9s2 & z he felt ! dea?ful *ill creep+ upw>ds f ! extremities ( 8 limbs1 he recit$ "s v]ses f 8 own ,ph>salia1 9 :i* he _h describ$ ! simil> dea? ( ! soldi] ,lycidas4 ,!y 7 8 la/ words4 ,8 "m ,atilla1 :om to 8 ev]la/+ infamy1 he _h betray$1 0 pass$ ov] z a victim too insignificant = notice1 & 0 nei!r p>don$ nor puni%$4 ,b1 ( all ! _m dea?s :i* 7 br\ght ab\t by ?is unhappy & ill-manag$ conspiracy1 none caus$ m delight to ,n]o ?an t ( ,s5eca1 :om he 0 n[ able to dispat* by ! sword1 s9ce he _h be5 unable to d s by secret poison4 ,:at %>e ,s5eca really _h 9 ! conspiracy is unkn[n4 ,if he 7 really cognisant ( x1 he mu/ h act$ ) consummate tact1 = no p>ticle ( conv9c+ evid5ce 0 adduc$ aga9/ him4 ,all t ev5 ,natalis c\ld relate 01 t :5 ,piso _h s5t him to compla9 to ,s5eca ( 8 n admitt+ ,piso to m ( 8 int]c\rse1 ,s5eca _h repli$ t x 0 bett] = !m bo? to hold alo( f ea* o!r1 b t 8 own safety dep5d$ on t ( ,piso4 ,a tribune 0 s5t to ask ,s5eca z to ! tru? ( ?is /ory1 & f\nd1--:i* 0 9 itself reg>d$ z a suspici\s circum/ance1--t on t v day he _h return$ f ,campania to a villa f\r miles f ! city4 ,! tribune arriv$ 9 ! ev5+1 & surr\nd$ ! villa ) soldi]s4 ,s5eca 0 at supp]1 ) 8 wife ,paul9a & two fri5ds4 ,he entirely d5i$ ! tru? ( ! evid5ce1 & said t ! only reason :i* he _h assign$ to ,piso = see+ s little ( him 0 8 weak heal? & love ( retirem5t4 ,n]o1 :o knew h[ little prone he 0 to flatt]y1 might judge :e!r or no x 0 likely t he1 a man ( consul> rank1 w\ld pref] ! safety ( a man ( private /ation to 8 own4 ,su* 0 ! message :i* ! tribune took back to ,n]o1 :om he f\nd sitt+ ) 8 de>e/ & mo/ dete/able advis]s1 8 wife ,poppaea & 8 m9i/] ,tigell9us4 ,n]o ask$ :e!r ,s5eca 0 prep>+ a volunt>y dea?4 ,on ! tribune reply+ t he %[$ no gloom or t]ror 9 8 language or c\nt5ance1 ,n]o ord]$ t he %\ld at once be bidd5 to die4 ,! message 0 tak51 & ,s5eca1 )\t any sign ( al>m1 quietly dem&$ leave to revise 8 w4 ,?is 0 refus$ him1 & he !n turn$ to 8 fri5ds ) ! rem>k t1 z he 0 unable to rew>d _! m]its z !y _h des]v$1 he w\ld bequea? to !m ! only1 & yet ! mo/ preci\s1 possession left to him1 namely1 ! example ( 8 life1 & if !y 7 m9dful ( x !y w\ld w9 ! reputation alike = integrity & = fai?ful fri5d%ip4 ,at ! same "t he *eck$ _! te>s1 sometimes by 8 conv]sation1 & sometimes ) s]i\s reproa*es1 ask+ !m :]e 7 _! precepts ( philosophy1 & :]e ! =titude "u trials :i* %\ld h be5 le>nt f ! /udies ( _m ye>s8 ,did n e "o "k ! cruelty ( ,n]o8 & :at 0 left = him to d b to make an end ( 8 ma/] & tutor aft] ! murd] ( 8 "m & 8 bro!r8 ,he !n embrac$ 8 wife ,paul9a1 &1 ) a slight falt]+ ( 8 l(ty /]nness1 begg$ & entreat$ h] n to ent] on an endless sorr[1 b to endure ! loss ( h] husb& by ! aid ( ^? noble consolations :i* %e mu/ d]ive f ! contemplation ( 8 virtu\s life4 ,b ,paul9a decl>$ t %e w\ld die ) him1 & ,s5eca1 n oppos+ ! de$ :i* w\ld w9 h] su* p]man5t glory1 & at ! same "t unwill+ to leave h] to future wrongs1 yield$ to h] wi%4 ,! ve9s ( _! arms 7 op5$ by ! same bl[2 b ! blood ( ,s5eca1 impov]i%$ by old age & temp]ate liv+1 fl[$ s sl[ly t x 0 necess>y also to op5 ! ve9s ( 8 legs4 ,?is mode ( dea?1 *os5 by ! ,romans z comp>atively pa9less1 is 9 fact "u c]ta9 circum/ances mo/ agoniz+4 ,worn out by ^! cruel tortures1 & unwill+ to weak5 8 wife's =titude by s dreadful a spectacle1 glad at ! same "t to sp>e himself ! sight ( h] suff]+s1 he p]suad$ h] to g to ano!r room4 ,ev5 !n 8 eloqu5ce did n fail4 ,x is told ( ,&r ,*ni]1 ! ,fr5* poet1 t on 8 way to execution he ask$ = writ+ mat]ials to record "s ( ! /range ?\ghts :i* fill$ 8 m9d4 ,! wi% 0 d5i$ him1 b ,s5eca _h ample lib]ty to record 8 la/ utt]ances4 ,amanu5ses 7 summon$1 :o took d[n ^? dy+ admonitions1 & 9 ! "t ( ,tacitus !y /ill 7 extant4 ,to u1 h[ev]1 ?is int]e/+ memorial ( a ,pagan dea?b$ is irrevocably lo/4 ,n]o1 mean:ile1 to :om ! news ( ^! circum/ances 0 tak51 hav+ no dislike to ,paul9a1 & unwill+ to incur ! odium ( too mu* blood%$1 ord]$ h] dea? to be prohibit$ & h] w\nds to be b\nd4 ,%e 0 already unconsci\s1 b h] slaves & fre$m5 succe$$ 9 sav+ h] life4 ,%e liv$ a few ye>s long]1 *]i%+ h] husb&'s memory1 & be>+ 9 ! att5uation ( h] frame1 & ! gha/ly pallor ( h] c\nt5ance1 ! la/+ pro(s ( t deep affection :i* _h *>act]is$ _! m>ri$ life4 ,s5eca 0 n yet dead1 &1 to %ort5 ^! protract$ & useless suff]+s1 he begg$ 8 fri5d & physician ,/atius ,annaeus to give him a draught ( hemlock1 ! same poison by :i* ! great philosoph] ( ,a!ns _h be5 put to dea?4 ,b 8 limbs 7 already cold1 & ! draught prov$ fruitless4 ,he !n ent]$ a ba? ( hot wat]1 spr9kl+ ! slaves :o /ood ne>e/ to him1 ) ! words t he 0 p\r+ a libation to ,jupit] ! ,lib]ator4#cf ,ev5 ! w>m wat] fail$ to make ! blood fl[ m spe$ily1 & he 0 f9ally c>ri$ into "o ( ^? vap\r ba?s :i* ! ,romans call$ sudatoria1 & /ifl$ ) its /eam4 ,8 body 0 burn$ privately1 )\t any ( ! usual c]emonies4 ,su* _h be5 8 own wi%1 express$1 n aft] ! fall ( 8 =tunes1 b at a "t :5 8 ?\ghts _h be5 direct$ to 8 latt] end1 9 ! z5i? ( 8 great weal? & conspicu\s p[]4 ,footnote #cf3 ,sicco ,pol5tone1 an ,italian1 :o wrote a ,life ( ,s5eca 7d4 #adfa71 makes ,s5eca a secret ,*ri/ian1 & repres5ts ?is z an invocation ( ,*ri/1 & says t he baptiz$ himself ) ! wat] ( ! ba?6 ,s di$ a ,pagan philosoph]1 ^: life mu/ always excite our int]e/ & pity1 al?\gh we _c apply to him ! titles ( great or good4 ,he 0 a man ( high g5ius1 ( great susceptibility1 ( an ard5t & g5]\s temp]am5t1 ( f>-sight$ & s9c]e humanity4 ,"s ( 8 s5tim5ts are s rem>kable = _! moral beauty & pr(undity t !y =cibly rem9d u ( ! expressions ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,b ,s5eca fell inf9itely %ort ( 8 own high /&>d1 & has contemptu\sly be5 call$ ! fa!r ( all !m t we> %ovel hats4 ,inconsi/5cy is writt5 on ! entire hi/ory ( 8 life1 & x has e>n$ him ! sca?+ contempt ) :i* _m writ]s h treat$ 8 memory4 ,! bus9ess ( a philosoph]1 says ,"l ,macaulay1 9 8 mo/ scornful /ra91 0 to declaim 9 praise ( pov]ty1 ) two millions /]l+ out at usury2 to m$itate epigrammatic conceits ab\t ! evils ( luxury 9 g>d5s :i* mov$ ! envy ( sov]eigns2 to rant ab\t lib]ty :ile fawn+ on ! insol5t & pamp]$ fre$m5 ( a tyrant2 to celebrate ! div9e beauty ( virtue ) ! same p5 :i* _h j be=e writt5 a def5ce ( ! murd] ( a "m by a son4 ,s5eca1 says ,niebuhr1 0 an accompli%$ man ( ! _w1 :o occupi$ himself v mu* ) virtue1 & may h consid]$ himself to be an anci5t ,/oic4 ,he c]ta9ly believ$ t he 0 a mo/ +5i\s & virtu\s philosoph]2 b he act$ on ! pr9ciple t1 z f> z he himself 0 conc]n$1 he c\ld disp5se ) ! laws ( morality :i* he laid d[n = o!rs1 & t he might give way to 8 natural prop5sities4 ,9 ,s5eca's life1 !n1 we see z cle>ly z 9 ^? ( _m pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians t x is impossible to be at once worldly & righte\s4 ,s5eca's utt] failure 0 due to ! va9 attempt to comb9e 9 8 own p]son two opposite *>act]s--t ( a ,/oic & t ( a c\rti]4 ,_h he be5 a true philosoph]1 or a m]e c\rti]1 he w\ld h be5 happi]1 & ev5 m respect$4 ,to be bo? 0 absurd3 h5ce1 ev5 9 8 writ+s1 he 0 driv5 into inconsi/5cy4 ,he is (t5 compell$ to ab&on ! l(ty utt]ances ( ,/oicism1 & to *>ge philosoph]s ) ignorance ( life4 ,9 8 treatise on a ,happy ,life he is oblig$ to introduce a sort ( indirect autobiographical apology = 8 weal? & position4#cg ,9 spite ( 8 l(ty pret5sions to simplicity1 9 spite ( t sort ( amateur asceticism :i*1 9 common ) o!r weal?y ,romans1 he occasionally practis$1 9 spite ( 8 f9al (f] to ab&on 8 entire patrimony to ! ,emp]or1 we fe> t he _c be acquitt$ ( an almo/ insatiable av>ice4 ,we ne$ n inde$ believe ! fi]ce calumnies :i* *>g$ him ) exhau/+ ,italy by a b\ndless usury1 & ev5 /irr+ up a w> 9 ,brita9 by ! sev]ity ( 8 exactions2 b x is q cle> t he des]v$ ! title ( ,pro$ives1 ! ov]-weal?y1 by :i* he has be5 s po9t$ly signaliz$4 ,x is /range t ! mo/ spl5did intellects %\ld s (t5 h sunk "u ! slav]y ( ?is meane/ vice4 ,9 ! ,bible we read h[ ! rew>ds ( div9ation s$uc$ f 8 allegiance to ,god ! spl5did en*ant] ( ,mesopotamia3 ,9 outl9e dim & va/ ,_! fe>ful %ad[s ca/ ,! giant =m ( ,empires on _! way ,to ru93--"o by "o ,!y t[] & !y are gone1 ,yet 9 ! prophet's s\l ! dreams ( av>ice /ay4 ,no sun or /> s bright1 ,9 all ! _w ( light1 ,t !y %\ld draw to heav5 8 d[nw>d eye3 ,he he>s ! ,almighty's ^w1 ,he sees ! angel's sword1 ,yet l[ ^u ! e>? 8 he>t & treasure lie4 ,footnote #cg3 ,see ,ad4 ,polyb4 #cg3 ,ep4 #ge2 ,de ,vit4 ,beat4 #ag1 #ah1 #bb4 ,& 9 ,s5eca we see "s ( ! mo/ gl[+ pictures ( ! nobility ( pov]ty comb9$ ) ! mo/ que/ionable avidity 9 ! pursuit ( weal?4 ,yet h[ completely did he sell himself = naught4 ,x is ! lesson :i* we see 9 e conspicu\sly err+ life1 & x 0 illu/rat$ less ?an ?ree ye>s aft]w>ds 9 ! t]rible fate ( ! tyrant :o _h driv5 him to dea?4 ,= a %ort p]iod ( 8 life1 inde$1 ,s5eca 0 at ! summit ( p[]2 yet1 c\rti] z he 01 he incurr$ ! hatr$1 ! suspicion1 & ! puni%m5t ( all ! ?ree ,emp]ors dur+ ^: reigns 8 manhood 0 pass$4 ,( all unsuccessful m51 says ,mr4 ,fr\de1 9 e %ape1 :e!r div9e or human1 or devili%1 !re is none equal to ,bunyan's ,mr4 ,fac+-bo?-ways--! fell[ ) "o eye on heav5 & "o on e>?--:o s9c]ely prea*es "o ?+ & s9c]ely does ano!r1 & f ! int5sity ( 8 unreality is unable ei!r to see or feel ! contradiction4 ,he is sub/antially try+ to *eat bo? ,god & ! devil1 & is 9 reality only *eat+ himself & 8 neighb\rs4 ,?is ( all *>act]s ^u ! e>? appe>s to u to be ! "o ( :i* !re is no hope at all1 a "* becom+ 9 ^! days al>m+ly abundant2 & ! ab\ndance ( :i* makes u f9d ev5 9 a ,re9eke an inexpressible relief4 ,&1 9 po9t ( fact1 ! inconsi/5cy ( ,s5eca's life 0 a consci\s inconsi/5cy4 ,to ! /ud5t1 he says1 :o pr(esses 8 wi% to rise to a l(ti] grade ( virtue1 ,i w\ld answ] t ?is is my wi% also1 b ,i d>e n hope x4 ,i am preoccupi$ ) vices4 ,all ,i require ( myself is1 n to be equal to ! be/1 b only to be bett] ?an ! bad4 ,no d\bt ,s5eca meant ?is to be und]/ood m]ely = mode/ depreciation2 b x 0 f> tru] ?an he w\ld h lik$ s]i\sly to confess4 ,he mu/ h (t5 & deeply felt t he 0 n liv+ 9 accordance ) ! light :i* 0 9 him4 ,x w\ld inde$ be *eap & easy1 to attribute ! g5]al inf]iority & ! _m %ortcom+s ( ,s5eca's life & "* to ! fact t he 0 a ,pagan1 & to suppose t if he _h kn[n ,*ri/ianity he w\ld necess>ily h atta9$ to a l(ti] ideal4 ,b su* a /yle ( reason+ & inf]5ce1 commonly z x is adopt$ = rhetorical purposes1 might surely be refus$ by any intellig5t *ild4 ,a m intellectual ass5t to ! lessons ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld h probably be5 b ( little avail to inspire 9 ,s5eca a nobl] life4 ,! fact is1 t nei!r ! gift ( g5ius nor ! k ( ,*ri/ianity are adequate to ! ennoblem5t ( ! human he>t1 nor does ! grace ( ,god fl[ ?r\gh ! *annels ( surpass+ intellect or ( or?odox belief4 ,m5 !re h be5 9 all ages1 ,pagan no less ?an ,*ri/ian1 :o ) scanty m5tal enlight5m5t & spiritual k h yet liv$ holy & noble lives3 m5 !re h be5 9 all ages1 ,*ri/ian no less ?an ,pagan1 :o ) consummate gifts & pr(\nd erudition h disgrac$ "s ( ! noble/ words :i* ev] 7 utt]$ by "s ( ! meane/ lives :i* 7 ev] liv$4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury 0 !re any m9d t %one m brightly1 0 !re any eloqu5ce :i* fl[$ m mightily1 ?an t ( ,pet] ,abel>d8 ,yet ,abel>d sank b5ea? ! meane/ ( 8 s*ola/ic cotempor>ies 9 ! degradation ( 8 c>e] z mu* z he t[]$ above ! highe/ ( !m 9 ! gr&eur ( 8 g5ius4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury 0 !re any philosoph] m pr(\nd1 any morali/ m elevat$1 ?an ,francis ,bacon8 ,yet ,bacon c\ld flatt] a tyrant1 & betray a fri5d1 & receive a bribe1 & be "o ( ! late/ ( ,engli% judges to adopt ! brutal exp$i5t ( en=c+ confession by ! ex]cise ( torture4 ,if ,s5eca def5d$ ! murd] ( ,agripp9a1 ,bacon black5$ ! "* ( ,essex4 ,:at ,i w\ld ,i d n2 b ! ?+ t ,i w\ld n1 t ,i d1 might be ! motto = _m a confession ( ! s9s ( g5ius2 & ,s5eca ne$ n blu% if we comp>e him ) m5 :o 7 8 equals 9 intellectual p[]1 b ^: means ( grace1 ^: privileges1 ^: k ( ! tru?1 7 inf9itely high] ?an 8 own4 ,let ! noble con/ancy ( 8 dea? %$ a light ov] 8 memory :i* may dissipate some?+ ( ^? d>k %ades :i* re/ on portions ( 8 hi/ory4 ,we ?9k ( ,abel>d1 humble1 sil5t1 pati5t1 ,god-fe>+1 t5d$ by ! k9dly-he>t$ ,pet] 9 ! peaceful g>d5s ( ,clugny2 we ?9k ( ,bacon1 neglect$1 brok51 & despis$1 dy+ ( ! *ill caught 9 a philosophical exp]im5t & leav+ 8 memory to ! judgm5t ( po/]ity2 let u ?9k ( ,s5eca1 quietly yield+ to 8 de/9y )\t a murmur1 *e]+ ! con/ancy ( ! m\rn]s r\nd him dur+ ! long agonies ( 8 en=c$ suicide & dictat+ "s ( ! pure/ utt]ances ( ,pagan wisdom almo/ ) 8 late/ brea?4 ,! language ( 8 great contempor>y1 ! ,apo/le ,/4 ,paul1 w be/ help u to und]/& 8 position4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? :o 0 seek+ ! ,"l1 if haply he might feel aft] ,him1 & f9d ,him1 ?\gh ,he be n f> f e "o ( u3 = 9 ,him we live1 & move1 & h our be+4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,s5eca ,,& ,,/4 ,,paul4 ,9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> #fa1 n long aft] ! "t :5 ! murd] ( ,agripp9a1 & ,s5eca's ju/ifications ( x1 _h be5 absorb+ ! att5tion ( ! ,roman _w1 !re disemb>k$ at ,puteoli a troop ( prison]s1 :om ! ,procurator ( ,judaea _h s5t to ,rome "u ! *>ge ( a c5turion4 ,walk+ among !m1 *a9$ & we>y1 b affectionately t5d$ by two y\ng] companions1#ch & treat$ ) pr(\nd respect by little deputations ( fri5ds :o met him at ,appii ,=um & ! ,?ree ,tav]ns1 0 a man ( mean pres5ce & wea!r-beat5 aspect1 :o 0 h&$ ov] l ! re/ to ! *>ge ( ,burrus1 ! ,praefect ( ! ,praetorian ,gu>ds4 ,le>n+ f ! lett]s ( ! ,jewi% ,procurator t ! prison] _h be5 guilty ( no s]i\s (f5ce1#ci b _h us$ 8 privilege ( ,roman citiz5%ip to appeal to ,caes> = protection aga9/ ! infuriat$ malice ( 8 co-religioni/s--possibly also hav+ he>d f ! c5turion ,julius "s rem>kable facts ab\t 8 behavi\r & hi/ory--,burrus all[$ him1 p5d+ ! he>+ ( 8 appeal1 to live 9 8 own hir$ ap>tm5ts4#dj ,?is lodg+ 0 9 all probability 9 t qu>t] ( ! city opposite ! isl& 9 ! ,tib]1 :i* corresponds to ! mod]n ,tra/ev]e4 ,x 0 ! resort ( ! v l[e/ & meane/ ( ! populace--t promiscu\s jumble ( all nations :i* makes ,tacitus call ,rome at ?is "t ! sew] ( ! univ]se4 ,x 0 "h especially t ! ,jews ex]cis$ "s ( ! meane/ trades 9 ,rome1 sell+ mat*es1 & old clo!s1 & brok5 glass1 or begg+ & =tune-tell+ on ! ,ce/ian or ,fabrican bridges4#da ,9 "o ( ^! n>r[1 d>k1 & dirty /reets1 ?rong$ by ! dregs ( ! ,roman populace1 ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,pet] _h 9 all probability liv$ :5 !y f\nd$ ! little ,*ri/ian ,*ur* at ,rome4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly 9 ! same despis$ locality t ,/4 ,paul1--! prison] :o _h be5 consign$ to ! c>e ( ,burrus1--hir$ a room1 s5t = ! pr9ciple ,jews1 & = two ye>s taught to ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 to any ,pagans :o w\ld li/5 to him1 ! doctr9es :i* 7 de/9$ to reg5]ate ! _w4 ,footnote #ch3 ,luke & ,ari/>*us4 ,footnote #ci3 ,acts xxiv4 #bc1 xxvii4 #c4 ,footnote #dj3 ,acts xxviii4 #cj1 ,greek3 en idio mi/homati4 ,footnote #da3 ,,m>t4 ,ep4 i4 #db3 ,,juv4 xiv4 #ahf4 ,9 ^! few p>agraphs ,i foll[ ,m4 ,aub]t91 :o 7z well z _m o!r au?ors7 has collect$ _m ( ! pr9cipal passages 9 :i* ,roman writ]s allude to ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians4 ,any "o ent]+ t mean & d+y room w\ld h se5 a ,jew ) b5t body & furr[$ c\nt5ance1 & ) e appe>ance ( age1 weakness1 & disease *a9$ by ! arm to a ,roman soldi]4 ,b x is impossible t1 _h !y deign$ to look clos]1 !y %\ld n also h se5 ! gleam ( g5ius & en?usiasm1 ! fire ( inspiration1 ! s]5e light ( exalt$ hope & dauntless c\rage ^u ^? )]$ features4 ,& ?\gh he 0 *a9$1 ! ,^w ( ,god 0 n *a9$4 #db ,_h !y li/5$ to ! words :i* he occasionally dictat$1 or ov]look$ ! l>ge h&writ+ :i* alone 8 weak eyesight & bodily infirmities1 z well z ! inconv5i5ce ( 8 *a9s1 p]mitt$1 !y w\ld h he>d or read ! immortal utt]ances :i* /r5g!n$ ! fai? ( ! nasc5t & /ruggl+ ,*ur*es 9 ,ephesus1 ,philippi1 & ,colossae1 & :i* h s9ce be5 treasur$ among ! mo/ ine/imable possessions ( a ,*ri/ian _w4 ,footnote #db3 #b ,tim4 ii4 #i4 ,8 ef=ts 7 n unsuccessful2 8 mis=tunes 7 = ! fur!rance ( ! ,gospel2 8 *a9s 7 manife/ 9 all ! palace1 & 9 all o!r places2 #dc & _m wax+ confid5t by 8 bonds 7 mu* m bold to speak ! ^w )\t fe>4 ,let u n be misl$ by assum+ a wrong explanation ( ^! words1 or by adopt+ ! ,middle ,age traditions :i* made ,/4 ,paul conv]t "s ( ! imm$iate fav\rites ( ! ,emp]or1 & electrify ) 8 eloqu5ce an admir+ ,s5ate4 ,! ^w "h r5d]$ palace #dd may inde$ h t mean+1 = we "k t among ! e>ly conv]ts 7 !y ( ,caes>'s h\sehold2 #de b ^! 7 9 all probability--if n c]ta9ly--,jews ( ! l[e/ rank1 :o 71 z we "k1 to be f\nd among ! hundr$s ( un=tunates ( e age & c\ntry :o compos$ a ,roman familia4 ,& x is at lea/ equally probable t ! ^w praetorium simply means ! b>rack ( t deta*m5t ( ,roman soldi]s f :i* ,paul's gaol]s 7 tak5 9 turn4 ,9 su* lab\rs ,/4 ,paul 9 all probability sp5t two ye>s 7#fa-fc71 dur+ :i* occurr$ ! divorce ( ,octavia1 ! m>riage ) ,poppaea1 ! dea? ( ,burrus1 ! disgrace ( ,s5eca1 & ! _m subsequ5t infamies ( ,n]o4 ,footnote #dc3 ,phil4 i4 #ab4 ,footnote #dd3 ,greek3 en olo to praitorio4 ,footnote #de3 ,phil4 iv4 #bb4 ,x is out ( su* mat]ials t "s e>ly ,*ri/ian =g] ?\ght x edify+ to compose ! "w :i* is suppos$ to conta9 ! correspond5ce ( ,s5eca & ,/4 ,paul4 ,! und\bt$ spuri\sness ( t "w is n[ univ]sally admitt$1 & inde$ ! =g]y is too clumsy to be ev5 wor? read+4 ,b x is wor? :ile inquir+ :e!r 9 ! circum/ances ( ! "t !re is ev5 a b>e possibility t ,s5eca %\ld ev] h be5 among ! read]s or ! auditors ( ,paul4 ,& ! answ] is1 ,!re is absolutely no su* probability4 ,a vivid imag9ation is naturally attract$ by ! po9ts ( contra/ & resemblance (f]$ by two su* *>act]s1 & we %all see t !re is a s+ul> lik5ess betwe5 _m ( _! s5tim5ts & expressions4 ,b ?is 0 a p]iod 9 :i*1 z ,m4 ,villema9 obs]ves1 f "o extremity ( ! social _w to ! o!r tru?s met ea* o!r )\t recognition4 ,/oicism1 noble z 7 _m ( its precepts1 l(ty z 0 ! morality x pr(ess$1 deeply z x 0 imbu$ 9 _m respects ) a semi-,*ri/ian piety1 look$ ^u ,*ri/ianity ) pr(\nd contempt4 ,! ,*ri/ians dislik$ ! ,/oics1 ! ,/oics despis$ & p]secut$ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! _w kn[s no?+ ( its greate/ m54 ,s5eca w\ld h /ood agha/ at ! v notion ( 8 receiv+ ! lessons1 /ill m ( 8 adopt+ ! religion1 ( a poor1 accus$1 & w&]+ ,jew4 ,! haughty1 weal?y1 eloqu5t1 prosp]\s1 p[]ful philosoph] w\ld h smil$ at ! notion t any future ages w\ld suspect him ( hav+ borr[$ any ( 8 poli%$ & epigrammatic lessons ( philosophic morals or religion f "o :om1 if he he>d ( him1 he w\ld h reg>d$ z a poor wret*1 half fanatic & half b>b>ian4 ,we le>n f ,/4 ,paul himself t ! e>ly conv]ts ( ,*ri/ianity 7 m5 9 ! v dep?s ( pov]ty1#df & t its prea*]s 7 reg>d$ z fools1 & weak1 & 7 despis$1 & nak$1 & buffet$--p]secut$ & homeless lab\r]s--a spectacle to ! _w1 & to angels1 & to m51 made z ! fil? ( ! e>? & ! (f-sc\r+ ( all ?+s4 ,we "k t _! prea*+ 0 to ! ,greeks fooli%ness1 & t1 :5 !y spoke ( ,jesus & ! resurrection1 _! he>]s mock$#dg & je]$4 ,& ^! indications are m ?an confirm$ by _m contempor>y passages ( anci5t writ]s4 ,we h already se5 ! viol5t expressions ( hatr$ :i* ! ard5t & high-ton$ s\l ( ,tacitus ?\ght applicable to ! ,*ri/ians2 & su* language is e*o$ by ,roman writ]s ( e "* & class4 ,! fact is t at ?is "t & = c5turies aft]w>ds ! ,romans reg>d$ ! ,*ri/ians ) su* lordly indiff]5ce t--l ,fe/us1 & ,felix & ,s5eca's bro!r ,gallio--!y nev] took ! tr\ble to di/+ui% !m f ! ,jews4 ,! di/9ction 0 n fully realiz$ by ! ,pagan _w till ! cruel & :olesale massacre ( ! ,*ri/ians by ! pseudo-,messiah ,b>*o*ebas 9 ! reign ( ,adrian op5$ _! eyes to ! fact ( ! irreconcilable diff]5ces :i* exi/$ betwe5 ! two religions4 ,& pages might be fill$ ) ! ignorant & scornful allusions :i* ! hea!n appli$ to ! ,jews4 ,!y confus$ !m ) ! :ole degrad$ mass ( ,egyptian & ,ori5tal impo/ors & brute-wor%ipp]s2 !y disda9$ !m z s$iti\s1 turbul5t1 ob/9ate1 & av>ici\s2 !y reg>d$ !m z ma9ly compos$ ( ! v meane/ slaves out ( ! gross & abject multitude2 _! proselytism !y consid]$ z ! cl&e/9e initiation into "s /range & revolt+ my/]y1 :i* involv$ z its direct tea*+s contempt ( ! gods1 & ! negation ( all patriotism & all family affection2 !y firmly believ$ t !y wor%ipp$ ! head ( an ass2 !y ?\ght x natural t none b ! vile/ slaves & ! sillie/ woman %\ld adopt s misan?ropic & degrad$ a sup]/ition2 !y *>act]iz$ _! cu/oms z absurd1 sordid1 f\l1 & deprav$1 & _! nation z prone to sup]/ition1 oppos$ to religion4 #dh ,& z f> z !y made any di/9ction betwe5 ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 x 0 = ! latt] t !y res]v$ _! *oice/ & mo/ conc5trat$ epi!ts ( hatr$ & abuse4 ,a new1 p]nici\s1 dete/able1 execrable1 sup]/ition is ! only language ) :i* ,suetonius & ,tacitus v\*safe to notice x4 ,s5eca1--?\gh he mu/ h he>d ! "n ( ,*ri/ian dur+ ! reign ( ,claudius 7:5 bo? !y & ! ,jews 7 expell$ f ,rome1 because ( _! p]petual turbul5ce1 at ! in/igation ( ,*re/us1 z ,suetonius ignorantly obs]v$71 & dur+ ! ,n]onian p]secution--nev] once alludes to !m1 & only m5tions ! ,jews to apply a few contemptu\s rem>ks to ! idl5ess ( _! sabba?s1 & to call !m a mo/ ab&on$ race4 ,footnote #df3 #b ,cor4 viii4 #b4 ,footnote #dg3 ,greek3 ,e*leuazon1 ,acts xvii4 #cb4 ,! ^w expresses ! mo/ pr(\nd & unconceal$ contempt4 ,footnote #dh3 ,tac4 ,hi/4 i4 #ac3 ib4 v4 #e3 ,,juv4 xiv4 #he3 ,p]s4 v4 #aij1 c4 ,! read] w n[ judge :e!r !re is ! slighte/ probability t ,s5eca _h any int]c\rse ) ,/4 ,paul1 or 0 likely to h /oop$ f 8 sup]fluity ( weal?1 & pride ( p[]1 to take lessons f obscure & despis$ slaves 9 ! purlieus inhabit$ by ! cr[d$ h\seholds ( ,caes> or ,n>cissus4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,s5eca',s ,,resemblances ,,to ,,scripture4 ,& yet 9 a v high s5se ( ! ^w ,s5eca may be call$1 z he is call$ 9 ! title ( ?is book1 a ,seek] aft] ,god2 & ! resemblances to ! sacr$ writ+s :i* may be f\nd 9 ! pages ( 8 works are num]\s & /rik+4 ,a few ( ^! w probably int]e/ our read]s1 & w put !m 9 a bett] position = und]/&+ h[ l>ge a measure ( tru? & enlight5m5t _h rew>d$ ! hone/ se>* ( ! anci5t philosoph]s4 ,we w place a few su* passages side by side ) ! texts ( ,scripture :i* !y resemble or recall4 #a4 ,god's ,indwell+ ,pres5ce4 ,"k ye n t ye are ! temple ( ,god1 & t ! ,_s ( ,god dwelle? 9 y8 asks ,/4 ,paul 7#a ,cor4 iii4 #af74 ,god is ne> y1 is ) y1 is )9 y1 writes ,s5eca to 8 fri5d ,lucilius1 9 ! #da/ ( ^? ,lett]s :i* ab\nd 9 8 mo/ valuable moral reflections2 a sacr$ ,_s dwells )9 u1 ! obs]v] & gu>dian ( all our evil & our good 444 !re is no good man )\t ,god4 ,& aga9 7,ep4 #gc73 ,d y wond] t man goes to ! gods8 ,god comes to m53 nay1 :at is yet ne>]2 ,he comes into m54 ,no good m9d is holy )\t ,god4 #b4 ,! ,eye ( ,god4 ,all ?+s are nak$ & op5$ unto ! eyes ( ,him ) :om we h to d4 7,heb4 iv4 #ac47 ,pray to ?y ,fa!r :i* is 9 secret2 & ?y ,fa!r :i* see? 9 secret %all rew>d !e op5ly4 7,matt4 vi4 #f47 ,s5eca 7,on ,provid5ce1 #a73 ,x is no advantage t consci5ce is %ut )9 u2 we lie op5 to ,god4 ,lett] #hc3 ,:at advantage is x t any?+ is hidd5 f man8 ,no?+ is clos$ to ,god3 ,he is pres5t to our m9ds1 & ent]s into our c5tral ?\ghts4 ,lett] #hc3 ,we mu/ live z if we 7 liv+ 9 sight ( all m52 we mu/ ?9k z ?\gh "s "o c\ld & c gaze into our inmo/ brea/4 #c4 ,god is a ,_s4 ,/4 ,paul1 ,we ought n to ?9k t ! ,god-head is l unto gold1 or silv]1 or /one1 grav5 by art & man's device4 7,acts xvii4 #bi47 ,s5eca 7,lett] #ca73 ,ev5 f a corn] x is possible to spr+ up into heav53 rise1 !re=e1 & =m ?yself into a fa%ion wor?y ( ,god2 ?\ can/ n d ?is1 h[ev]1 ) gold & silv]3 an image l to ,god _c be =m$ out ( su* mat]ials z ^!4 #d4 ,imitat+ ,god4 ,be ye !re=e foll[]s 7,greek3 mimaetai1 imitators7 ( ,god1 z de> *ildr54 7,eph4 v4 #a47 ,he t 9 ^! ?+s righte\sness1 peace1 joy 9 ! ,holy ,gho/ s]ve? ,*ri/ is acceptable to ,god4 7,rom4 xiv4 #ah47 ,s5eca 7,lett] #ie73 ,d y wi% to r5d] ! gods propiti\s8 ,be virtu\s4 ,to hon\r !m x is en\gh to imitate !m4 ,lett] #abd3 ,let man aim at ! good :i* belongs to him4 ,:at is ?is good8 ,a m9d re=m$ & pure1 ! imitator ( ,god1 rais+ itself above ?+s human1 conf9+ all its desires )9 itself4 #e4 ,hypocrites l :it$ ,sepul*res4 ,woe unto y1 ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 hypocrites6 = ye are l unto :it$ sepul*res1 :i* inde$ appe> beautiful outw>d1 b are )9 full ( dead m5's bones1 & ( all uncleanness4 7,matt1 xxiii4 #bg47 ,s5eca3 ,^? :om y reg>d z happy1 if y saw !m1 n 9 _! ext]nals1 b 9 _! hidd5 aspect1 are wret*$1 sordid1 base2 l _! own walls adorn$ outw>dly4 ,x is no solid & g5u9e felicity2 x is a pla/]1 & t a ?9 "o2 & s1 z long z !y c /& & be se5 at _! pleasure1 !y %9e & impose on u3 :5 any?+ has fall5 :i* di/urbs & uncov]s !m1 x is evid5t h[ mu* deep & real f\lness an extrane\s spl5d\r has conceal$4 #f4 ,tea*+ comp>$ to ,se$4 ,b o!r fell into good gr\nd1 & br\ght =? fruit2 "s an hundr$-fold1 "s sixty-fold1 "s ?irty-fold4 7,matt xiii4 #h47 ,s5eca 7,lett] #ch73 ,words mu/ be s[n l se$2 :i*1 al?\gh x be small1 :5 x ha? f\nd a suitable gr\nd1 unfolds its /r5g?1 & f v small size is exp&$ into ! l>ge/ increase4 ,reason does ! same4444 ,! ?+s spok5 are few2 b if ! m9d h receiv$ !m well1 !y ga9 /r5g? & gr[4 #g4 ,all ,m5 are ,s9n]s4 ,if we say t we h no s91 we deceive ourselves & ! tru? is n 9 u4 7#a ,john i4 #h47 ,s5eca 7,on ,ang]1 i4 #ad1 ii4 #bg73 ,if we wi% to be j judges ( all ?+s1 let u fir/ p]suade ourselves ( ?is3--t !re is n "o ( u )\t fault4444 ,no man is f\nd :o c acquit himself2 & he :o calls himself innoc5t does s ) ref]5ce to a witness1 & n to 8 consci5ce4 #h4 ,av>ice4 ,! love ( money is ! root ( all evil4 7#a ,tim4 vi4 #aj47 ,s5eca 7,on ,tranquillity ( ,s\l1 #h73 ,ri*es 444 ! greate/ s\rce ( human tr\ble4 ,be cont5t ) su* ?+s z ye h4 7,heb4 xiii4 #e47 ,hav+ food & raim5t1 let u be !re) cont5t4 7#a ,tim4 vi4 #h47 ,s5eca 7,lett] #aad73 ,we %all be wise if we desire b little2 if ea* man takes c\nt ( himself1 & at ! same "t measures 8 own body1 he w "k h[ little x c conta91 & = h[ %ort a "t4 ,lett] #aaj3 ,we h pol5ta1 we h wat]2 let u *all5ge ,jupit] himself to a comp>ison ( bliss6 ,godl9ess ) cont5tm5t is great ga94 7#a ,tim4 vi4 #f47 ,s5eca 7,lett] #aaj73 ,:y are y /ruck ) wond] & a/oni%m5t8 ,x is all display6 ,^? ?+s are %[n1 n possess$4444 ,turn ?yself r to ! true ri*es1 le>n to be cont5t ) little4 ,x is easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le1 ?an = a ri* man to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 7,matt4 xix4 #bd47 ,s5eca 7,lett] #bj73 ,he is a high-s\l$ man :o sees ri*es spread ar\nd him1 & he>s r ?an feels t !y are 84 ,x is mu* n to be corrupt$ by fell[%ip ) ri*es3 great is he :o 9 ! mid/ ( weal? is poor1 b saf] he :o has no weal? at all4 #i4 ,! ,duty ( ,k9dness4 ,be k9dly affection$ "o to ano!r ) bro!rly love4 7,rom4 xii4 #aj47 ,s5eca 7,on ,ang]1 i4 #e73 ,man is born = mutual assi/ance4 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 7,lev4 xiv4 #ah47 ,lett] #dh3 ,y mu/ live = ano!r1 if y wi% to live = y\rself4 ,on ,ang]1 iii4 #dc3 ,:ile we are among m5 let u cultivate k9dness2 let u n be to any man a cause ei!r ( p]il or ( fe>4 #aj4 ,our common ,memb]%ip4 ,ye are ! body ( ,*ri/1 & memb]s 9 p>ticul>4 7#a ,cor4 xii4 #bg47 ,we be+ _m are "o body 9 ,*ri/1 & e "o memb]s "o ( ano!r4 7,rom4 xii4 #e47 ,s5eca 7,lett] #ie73 ,d we tea* t he %\ld /ret* 8 h& to ! %ipwreck$1 %[ 8 pa? to ! w&]]1 divide 8 bread ) ! hungry8444 :5 ,i c\ld briefly deliv] to him ! =mula ( human duty3 all ?is t y see1 9 :i* ?+s div9e & human are includ$1 is "o3 we are memb]s ( "o great body4 #aa4 ,secrecy 9 do+ ,good4 ,let n ?y left h& "k :at ?y "r h& doe?4 7,matt4 vi4 #c47 ,s5eca 7,on ,b5efits1 ii4 #aa73 ,let him :o ha? conf]r$ a fav\r hold 8 tongue4444 ,9 conf]r+ a fav\r no?+ %\ld be m avoid$ ?an pride4 #ab4 ,god's imp>tial ,goodness4 ,he make? ,8 sun to rise on ! evil & on ! good1 & s5de? ra9 on ! j & on ! unju/4 7,matt4 v4 #de47 ,s5eca 7,on ,b5efits1 i4 #a73 ,h[ _m are unwor?y ( ! light6 & yet ! day dawns4 ,id4 vii4 #ca3 ,! gods beg9 to conf] b5efits on ^? :o recognize !m n1 !y cont9ue !m to ^? :o are ?ankless = !m4444 ,!y di/ribute _! bless+s 9 imp>tial t5or ?r\gh ! nations & peoples2444 !y spr9kle ! e>? ) timely %[]s1 !y /ir ! seas ) w9d1 !y m>k out ! seasons by ! revolution ( ! con/ellations1 !y temp] ! w9t] & summ] by ! int]v5tion ( a g5tl] air4 ,x w\ld be a ne$less task to cont9ue ^! p>allels1 because by read+ any treatise ( ,s5eca a /ud5t might add to !m by scores2 & !y prove inconte/ably t1 z f> z moral illum9ation 0 conc]n$1 ,s5eca 0 n f> f ! k+dom ( heav54 ,!y h be5 collect$ by sev]al writ]s2 & all ( ^! "h adduc$1 toge!r ) _m o!rs1 may be f\nd 9 ! pages ( ,fleury1 ,troplong1 ,aub]t91 & o!rs4 ,"s au?ors1 l ,m4 ,fleury1 h endeav\r$ to %[ t !y c only be acc\nt$ = by ! supposition t ,s5eca _h "s acqua9tance ) ! sacr$ writ+s4 ,m4 ,aub]t91 on ! o!r h&1 has conclusively demon/rat$ t ?is c\ld n h be5 ! case4 ,_m words & expressions deta*$ f _! context h be5 =c$ into a resemblance ) ! words ( ,scripture1 :5 ! context :olly militates aga9/ its _s2 _m belong to t great common /ock ( moral tru?s :i* _h be5 elaborat$ by ! consci5ti\s lab\rs ( anci5t philosoph]s2 & !re is h>dly "o ( ! ?\ghts s eloqu5tly enunciat$ :i* may n be f\nd ev5 m nobly & m di/9ctly express$ 9 ! writ+s ( ,plato & ( ,cic]o4 ,9 a subsequ5t *apt] we %all %[ t1 9 spite ( !m all1 ! div]g5ces ( ,s5eca f ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity are at lea/ z rem>kable z ! close/ ( 8 resemblances2 b x w be m conv5i5t to d ?is :5 we h also exam9$ ! doctr9es ( ^? two o!r great repres5tatives ( spiritual enlight5m5t 9 ,pagan s\ls1 ,epictetus ! slave & ,m>cus ,aurelius ! emp]or4 ,mean:ile1 x is a matt] = rejoic+ t writ+s su* z ^! give u a cle> pro( t 9 all ages ! ,_s ( ! ,"l has ent]$ into holy m51 & made !m sons ( ,god & prophets4 ,god left n ,himself )\t witness among !m4 ,! language ( ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 t _m a hea!n has _h an implicit fai?1 is b ano!r way ( express+ ,/4 ,paul's /atem5t t n hav+ ! law !y 7 a law unto !mselves1 & %[$ ! "w ( ! law writt5 9 _! he>ts4 #di ,to !m ! ,et]nal ,p[] & ,godhead 7 kn[n f ! ?+s t d appe>1 & alike f ! voice ( consci5ce & ! voice ( nature !y d]iv$ a true1 al?\gh a p>tial & inadequate1 k4 ,to !m ! voice ( nature 0 ! voice ( ,god4 ,_! revelation 0 ! law ( nature1 :i* 0 confirm$1 /r5g!n$1 & ext5d$1 b n susp5d$1 by ! writt5 law ( ,god4#ej ,footnote #di3 ,rom4 i4 #b4 ,footnote #ej3 ,hook]1 ,eccl4 ,pol4 iii4 #h4 ,! k ?us d]iv$1 i4e4 ! sum-total ( religi\s impressions result+ f ! comb9ation ( reason & exp]i5ce1 has be5 call$ natural religion2 ! t]m is 9 itself a conv5i5t & unobjectionable "o1 s long z x is rememb]$ t natural religion is itself a revelation4 ,no anti!sis is s un=tunate & p]nici\s z t ( natural ) reveal$ religion4 ,x is a contra/ r ( words ?an ( ideas2 x is an opposition ( ab/ractions to :i* no facts really correspond4 ,god has reveal$ ,himself1 n 9 "o b 9 _m ways1 n only by inspir+ ! he>ts ( a few1 b by v\*saf+ ,8 guidance to all :o seek x4 ,! _s ( man is ! c&le ( ! ,"l1 & x is n religion b apo/asy to d5y ! reality ( any ( ,god's revelations ( tru? to man1 m]ely because !y h n desc5d$ ?r\gh a s+le *annel4 ,on ! contr>y1 we ought to hail ) gratitude1 in/ead ( view+ ) suspicion1 ! enunciation by hea!n writ]s ( tru?s :i* we might at fir/ sight h be5 dispos$ to reg>d z ! special h]itage ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ,py?agoras1 & ,socrates1 & ,plato1--9 ,s5eca1 ,epictetus1 & ,m>cus ,aurelius--we see ! light ( heav5 /ruggl+ its imp$$ way ?r\gh cl\ds ( d>kness & ignorance2 we ?ankfully recognize t ! s\ls ( m5 9 ! ,pagan _w1 surr\nd$ z !y 7 by p]plexities & dang]s1 7 yet enabl$ to reflect1 z f ! dim surface ( silv]1 "s image ( :at 0 div9e & true2 we hail1 ) ! great & eloqu5t ,bossuet1 ,,! ,,*ri/ianity ,,( ,,nature4 ,! div9e image 9 man1 says ,/4 ,b]n>d1 may be burn$1 b x _c be burnt out4 ,& ?is is ! pleasante/ side on :i* to consid] ! life & ! writ+s ( ,s5eca4 ,x is true t 8 /yle p>takes ( ! defects ( 8 age1 t ! brilliancy ( 8 rhetoric does n always comp5sate = ! defectiv5ess ( 8 reason+2 t he resembles1 n a mirror :i* cle>ly reflects ! tru?1 b a glass fanta/ically cut into a ?\s& spangles2 t side by side ) great moral tru?s we sometimes f9d 8 wor/ errors1 contradictions1 & p>adoxes2 t 8 eloqu5t utt]ances ab\t ,god (t5 deg5]ate into a vague ,pan!ism2 & t ev5 on ! doctr9e ( immortality 8 hold is too slight to save him f wav]+s & contradictions2#ea yet z a moral tea*] he is full ( real greatness1 & 0 (t5 f> 9 advance ( ! g5]al op9ion ( 8 age4 ,few m5 h writt5 m f9ely1 or ) m evid5t s9c]ity1 ab\t tru? & c\rage1 ab\t ! ess5tial equality ( man1#eb ab\t ! duty ( k9dness & consid]ation to slaves1#ec ab\t t5d]ness ev5 9 deal+ ) s9n]s1#ed ab\t ! glory ( unselfi%ness1#ee ab\t ! great idea ( humanity#ef z some?+ :i* transc5ds all ! natural & artificial prejudices ( c\ntry & ( ca/e4 ,_m ( 8 writ+s are ,pagan s]mons & moral essays ( ! be/ & highe/ type4 ,! /yle1 z ,qu9tilian says1 ab\nds 9 delightful faults1 b ! /ra9 ( s5tim5t is nev] o!rwise ?an high & true4 ,footnote #ea3 ,consol4 ad ,polyb4 #bg2 ,ad ,helv4 #ag2 ,ad ,m>c4 #bd1 seqq4 ,footnote #eb3 ,ep4 #cb2 ,de ,b5ef4 iii4 #b4 ,footnote #ec3 ,de ,ir1 iii4 #bi1 #cb4 ,footnote #ed3 ,ibid4 i4 #ad2 ,de ,vit4 beat4 #bd4 ,footnote #ee3 ,ep4 #ee1 #i4 ,footnote #ef3 ,ibid4 #bh2 ,de ,oti ,sapi5tis1 #ca4 ,he is to be reg>d$ r z a weal?y1 em95t1 & successful ,roman1 :o devot$ mo/ ( 8 leisure to moral philosophy1 ?an z a real philosoph] by habit & pr(ession4 ,& 9 ?is po9t ( view 8 v inconsi/5cies h _! *>m1 z illu/rat+ 8 ard5t1 impulsive1 imag9ative temp]am5t4 ,he 0 no apa!tic1 self-conta9$1 impassible ,/oic1 b a passionate1 w>m-he>t$ man1 :o c\ld break into a flood ( unre/ra9$ te>s at ! dea? ( 8 fri5d ,annaeus ,s]5us1#eg & feel a trembl+ solicitude = ! welf>e ( 8 wife & little ones4 ,8 0 no absolute r5unciation1 no impossible p]fection2#eh b few m5 h pa9t$ m p]suasively1 ) deep] emotion1 or m entire conviction1 ! pleasures ( virtue1 ! calm ( a well-regulat$ s\l1 ! /rong & sev]e joys ( a l(ty self-d5ial4 ,9 8 y\?1 he tells u1 he 0 prep>+ himself = a righte\s life1 9 8 old age = a noble dea?4#ei ,& let u n =get1 t :5 ! h\r ( crisis came :i* te/$ ! real calm & brav]y ( 8 s\l1 he 0 n f\nd want+4 ,) no dread1 he writes to ,lucilius1 ,i am prep>+ myself = t day on :i*1 lay+ aside all artifice or subt]fuge1 ,i %all be able to judge respect+ myself :e!r ,i m]ely speak or really feel z a brave man %\ld2 :e!r all ^? words ( haughty ob/9acy :i* ,i h hurl$ aga9/ =tune 7 m]e pret5ce & pantomime4444 ,disputations & lit]>y talks1 & words collect$ f ! precepts ( philosoph]s1 & eloqu5t disc\rse1 d n prove ! true /r5g? ( ! s\l4 ,= ! m]e spee* ( ev5 ! mo/ c[>dly is bold2 :at y h really a*iev$ w !n be manife/ :5 y\r end is ne>4 ,i accept ! t]ms1 ,i d n %r9k f ! decision4 #fj ,footnote #eg3 ,ep4 #fc4 ,footnote #eh3 ,m>?a1 ,les ,morali/es1 p4 #fa4 ,footnote #ei3 ,ep4 #fa4 ,footnote #fj3 ,ep4 #bf4 ,accipio conditionem1 non re=mido judicrum4 ,!y 7 c\rage\s & noble words1 & !y 7 ju/ifi$ 9 ! h\r ( trial4 ,:5 we rememb] ! s9s ( ,s5eca's life1 let u recall also ! con/ancy ( 8 dea?2 :ile we admit ! inconsi/5cies ( 8 sy/ematic philosophy1 let u be grateful = ! g5ius1 ! en?usiasm1 ! gl[ ( int5se conviction1 ) :i* he clo!s 8 repeat$ utt]ance ( tru?s1 :i*1 :5 bas$ ^u a sur] basis1 7 f\nd adequate = ! moral reg5]ation ( ! _w4 ,no?+ is m easy ?an to sne] at ,s5eca1 or to write clev] epigrams on "o ^: moral atta9m5ts fell inf9itely %ort ( 8 own great ideal4 ,b aft] all he 0 n m inconsi/5t ?an ?\s&s ( ^? :o condemn him4 ,) all 8 faults he yet liv$ a nobl] & a bett] life1 he _h l(ti] aims1 he 0 brav]1 m self-d5y+--nay1 ev5 m consi/5t--?an ! majority ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians4 ,x w\ld be well = u all if ^? :o p\r su* scorn ^u 8 memory attempt$ to a*ieve "o ti! ( ! good :i* he a*iev$ = humanity & = ,rome4 ,8 ?\ghts des]ve our imp]i%able gratitude3 let him :o is )\t s9 among u be eag] to fl+ /ones at 8 failures & 8 s9s6 ,,epictetus4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,epictetus1 ,,& ,,h[ ,,he ,,reg>d$ ,,x4 ,9 ! c\rt ( ,n]o1 ,s5eca mu/ h be5 ?r[n into m or less communication ) ! p[]ful fre$m5 ( t ,emp]or1 & especially ) 8 secret>y or libr>ian1 ,epaphroditus4 ,epaphroditus 0 a con/ant companion ( ! ,emp]or2 he 0 ! e>lie/ to draw ,n]o's att5tion to ! conspiracy 9 :i* ,s5eca himself p]i%$4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ,s5eca knew him1 & _h visit$ at 8 h\se4 ,among ! slaves :o ?rong$ t h\se1 ! natural k9dl9ess ( ! philosoph]'s he>t may h drawn 8 att5tions to "o little lame ,phrygian boy1 de=m$ & mean-look+1 ^: face--if x 7 any index ( ! m9d )9--mu/ ev5 f boyhood h worn a s]5e & pati5t look4 ,! great c\rti]1 ! great tutor ( ! ,emp]or1 ! great ,/oic & fav\rite writ] ( 8 age1 w\ld inde$ h be5 a/oni%$ if he _h be5 sudd5ly told t t wret*$-look+ little slave-lad 0 de/9$ to atta9 pur] & cle>] heights ( philosophy ?an he himself _h ev] done1 & to become q z illu/ri\s z himself1 & f> m respect$ z an expon5t ( ,/oic doctr9es4 ,= t lame boy 0 ,epictetus--,epictetus = :om 0 writt5 ! memorable epitaph3 ,i 0 ,epictetus1 a slave1 & maim$ 9 body1 & a begg> = pov]ty1 & de> to ! immortals4 ,al?\gh we h a cle> sket* ( 8 philosophical doctr9es1 we h no mat]ials :atev] = any b ! mo/ meagre description ( 8 life4 ,! picture ( 8 m9d--an effigy ( t :i* he alone reg>d$ z 8 true self--may be se5 9 8 works1 & to ?is we c add little except a few g5]al facts & unc]ta9 anecdotes4 ,epictetus 0 probably born 9 ab\t ! fiftie? ye> ( ! ,*ri/ian era2 b we d n "k ! exact date ( 8 bir?1 nor d we ev5 "k 8 real "n4 ,epictetus means b\ght or acquir$1 & is simply a s]vile designation4 ,he 0 born at ,hi]apolis1 9 ,phrygia1 a t[n betwe5 ! riv]s ,lycus & ,me&]1 & consid]$ by "s to be ! capital ( ! prov9ce4 ,! t[n possess$ sev]al natural wond]s--sacr$ spr+s1 /alactite grottoes1 & a deep cav]n rem>kable = its mephitic exhalations4 ,x is m int]e/+ to u to "k t x 0 )9 a few miles ( ,colossae & ,laodicea1 & is m5tion$ by ,/4 ,paul 7,col4 iv4 #ac7 9 connexion ) ^? two cities4 ,x mu/1 !re=e1 h possess$ a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* f ! e>lie/ times1 &1 if ,epictetus sp5t any "p ( 8 boyhood !re1 he might h conv]s$ ) m5 & wom5 ( humble rank :o _h he>d read 9 _! obscure place ( meet+ ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,paul to ! ,colossians1 & ! o!r1 n[ lo/1 :i* he address$ to ! ,*ur* ( ,laodicea4#fa ,footnote #fa3 ,col4 iv4 #af4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ,hi]apolis & its associations produc$ v little influ5ce on ! m9d ( ,epictetus4 ,8 p>5ts 7 p 9 ! v l[e/ & humble/ class1 & _! moral "* c\ld h>dly h be5 high1 or !y w\ld n h cons5t$ "u any circum/ance to sell into slav]y _! sickly *ild4 ,c]ta9ly x c\ld h>dly h be5 possible = ,epictetus to ent] into ! _w "u less enviable or less promis+ auspices4 ,b ! :ole sy/em ( life is full ( div9e & memorable comp5sations1 & ,epictetus exp]i5c$ !m4 ,god k9dles ! light ( g5ius :]e ,he w1 & ,he c inspire ! highe/ & mo/ regal ?\ghts ev5 into ! meane/ slave3-- ,su* se$s are scatt]$ night & day ,by ! s(t w9d f ,heav51 ,& 9 ! poore/ human clay ,h tak5 root & ?riv54 ,:at 7 ! accid5ts--or r1 :at 0 ! unse5 ,provid5ce1 by man nicknam$ *ance--:i* assign$ ,epictetus to ! h\se ( ,epaphroditus we d n "k4 ,to a he>t ref9$ & noble !re c\ld h>dly h be5 a m try+ position4 ,! slaves ( a ,roman familia 7 cr[d$ toge!r 9 imm5se gangs2 !y 7 liable to ! mo/ viol5t & caprici\s puni%m5ts2 !y might be subject$ to ! mo/ degrad$ & brutalis+ influ5ces4 ,m5 s9k too (t5 to ! level to :i* !y are suppos$ to belong4 ,treat$ ) infamy = long ye>s1 !y are apt to deem !mselves wor?y ( infamy--to lose t self-respect :i* is ! inv>iable concomitant ( religi\s feel+1 & :i*1 ap>t f religi\s feel+1 is ! sole prev5tive ( p]sonal degradation4 ,well may ,/4 ,paul say1 ,art ?\ call$1 be+ a s]vant8 c>e n = x3 b if ?\ maye/ be made free1 use x r4 #fb ,footnote #fb3 #a ,cor4 vii4 #ba4 ,x is true t ev5 9 ! hea!n _w !re began at ?is "t to be dissem9at$ among ! be/ & wise/ ?9k]s a s5se t slaves 7 made ( ! same clay z _! ma/]s1 t !y diff]$ f freeborn m5 only 9 ! ext]nals & accid5ts ( _! position1 & t k9dness to !m & consid]ation = _! difficulties 0 a common & elem5t>y duty ( humanity4 ,i am glad to le>n1 says ,s5eca1 9 "o ( 8 int]e/+ lett]s to ,lucilius1 t y live on t]ms ( famili>ity ) y\r slaves2 x becomes y\r prud5ce & y\r erudition4 ,are !y slaves8 ,nay1 !y are m54 ,slaves8 ,nay1 companions4 ,slaves8 ,nay1 humble fri5ds4 ,slaves8 ,nay1 fell[-slaves1 if y b consid] t =tune has p[] ov] y bo?4 ,he proce$s1 9 a passage to :i* we h already allud$1 to reprobate ! haughty & inconsid]ate fa%ion ( keep+ !m /&+ = h\rs1 mute & fa/+1 :ile _! ma/]s gorg$ !mselves at ! banquet4 ,he deplores ! cruelty :i* ?9ks x necess>y to puni% ) t]rible sev]ity an accid5tal c\gh or sneeze4 ,he quotes ! prov]b--a prov]b :i* reveals a :ole hi/ory--,s _m slaves1 s _m foes1 & proves t !y are n foes1 b t m5 made !m s2 :]eas1 :5 k9dly treat$1 :5 consid]ately address$1 !y w\ld be sil5t1 ev5 "u torture1 r ?an speak to _! ma/]'s disadvantage4 ,are !y n sprung1 he asks1 f ! same orig91 d !y n brea! ! same air1 d !y n live & die j z we d8 ,! bl[s1 ! brok5 limbs1 ! clank+ *a9s1 ! /9t$ food ( ! erga/ula or slave-prisons1 excit$ all ,s5eca's compassion1 & 9 all probability pres5t$ a picture ( mis]y :i* ! _w has r>ely se5 surpass$1 unless x 7 9 t nef>i\s trade :i* ,engl& to h] %ame once practis$1 &1 to h] et]nal glory1 resolutely swept away4 ,b ,s5eca's inculcation ( t5d]ness t[>ds slaves 0 9 reality "o ( ! mo/ orig9al ( 8 moral tea*+s2 &1 f all t we "k ( ,roman life1 x is to be fe>$ t ! numb] ( ^? :o act$ 9 accordance ) x 0 small4 ,c]ta9ly ,epaphroditus1 ! ma/] ( ,epictetus1 0 n "o ( !m4 ,! hi/orical facts :i* we "k ( ?is man are slight4 ,he 0 "o ( ! f\r :o accompani$ ! tragic & despicable flight ( ,n]o f ,rome 9 ! ye> #fi1 & :51 aft] _m wav]+s ( c[>dice1 ,n]o at la/1 "u imm95t p]il ( be+ captur$ & execut$1 put ! dagg] to 8 brea/1 x 0 ,epaphroditus :o help$ ! tyrant to drive x home into 8 he>t1 = :i* he 0 subsequ5tly bani%$1 & f9ally execut$ by ! ,emp]or ,domitian4 ,epictetus 0 accu/om$ to tell "o or two anecdotes :i*1 al?\gh giv5 )\t comm5t1 %[ ! n>r[ness & vulg>ity ( ! man4 ,among 8 slaves 0 a c]ta9 wor?less cobbl] nam$ ,felicio2 z ! cobbl] 0 q useless1 ,epaphroditus sold him1 & by "s *ance he 0 b\ght by "s "o ( ,caes>'s h\sehold1 & made ,caes>'s cobbl]4 ,in/antly ,epaphroditus began to pay him ! pr(\nde/ respect1 & to address him 9 ! mo/ ende>+ t]ms1 s t if any "o ask$ :at ,epaphroditus 0 do+1 ! answ]1 z likely z n1 w\ld be1 ,he is hold+ an important consultation ) ,felicio4 ,on "o occasion1 "s "o came to him bewail+1 & weep+1 & embrac+ 8 knees 9 a p>oxysm ( grief1 because ( all 8 =tune little m ?an #ej1jjjl4 0 left6 ,:at did ,epaphroditus d8 asks ,epictetus2 did he laugh at ! man z we did8 ,n at all2 on ! contr>y1 he exclaim$1 9 a tone ( commis]ation & surprise1 ',poor fell[6 h[ c\ld y possibly keep sil5ce & endure su* a mis=tune8' ,h[ brutally he c\ld behave1 & h[ little respect he inspir$1 we may see 9 ! foll[+ anecdote4 ,:5 ,plautius ,lat]anus1 ! brave nobleman ^: execution dur+ ,piso's conspiracy we h already relat$1 _h receiv$ on 8 neck an ineffectual bl[ ( ! tribune's sword1 ,epaphroditus1 ev5 at t dread mom5t1 c\ld n ab/a9 f press+ him ) que/ions4 ,! only reply :i* he receiv$ f ! dy+ man 0 ! contemptu\s rem>k1 ,%\ld ,i wi% to say any?+1 ,i w say x 7n to a slave l y1 b7 to y\r ma/]4 ,"u a man ( ?is calibre x is h>dly likely t a lame ,phrygian boy w\ld exp]i5ce mu* k9dness4 ,an anecdote1 inde$1 has be5 h&$ d[n to u by sev]al writ]s1 :i* w\ld %[ t he 0 treat$ ) atroci\s cruelty4 ,epaphroditus1 x is said1 once gratifi$ 8 cruelty by twi/+ 8 slave's leg 9 "s in/rum5t ( torture4 ,if y g on1 y w break x1 said ,epictetus4 ,! wret* did g on1 & did break x4 ,i told y t y w\ld break x1 said ,epictetus quietly1 n giv+ v5t to 8 angui% by a s+le ^w or a s+le groan4 ,/ories ( h]oism no less triumphant h be5 au!nticat$ bo? 9 anci5t & mod]n times2 b we may hope = ! sake ( human nature t ?is /ory is false1 s9ce ano!r au?ority tells u t ,epictetus became lame 9 consequ5ce ( a natural disease4 ,be t h[ev] z x may1 "s ( ! e>ly writ]s aga9/ ,*ri/ianity--su*1 = in/ance1 z ! physician ,celsus--7 fond ( adduc+ ?is anecdote 9 pro( ( a magnanimity :i* n ev5 ,*ri/ianity c\ld surpass2 to :i* use ( ! anecdote ,orig5 oppos$ ! awful sil5ce ( our ,savi\r ^u ! cross1 & ,gregory ( ,nazianz5 po9t$ out t1 ?\gh x 0 a noble ?+ to endure inevitable evils1 x 0 yet m noble to und]go !m volunt>ily ) an equal =titude4 ,b ev5 if ,epaphroditus 7 n guilty ( break+ ! leg ( ,epictetus1 x is cle> t ! life ( ! poor y\? 0 surr\nd$ by circum/ances ( ! mo/ depress+ & mis]able "*2 circum/ances :i* w\ld h =c$ an ord9>y man to ! l[ & animal level ( exi/5ce :i* appe>s to h cont5t$ ! great majority ( ,roman slaves4 ,"s ( ! passages 9 :i* he speaks ab\t ! consid]ation due to ?is unhappy class %[ a v t5d] feel+ t[>ds !m4 ,x w\ld be be/1 he says1 if1 bo? :ile mak+ y\r prep>ations & :ile fea/+ at y\r banquets1 y di/ribute among ! att5dants "s ( ! provisions4 ,b if su* a plan1 at any p>ticul> "t1 be difficult to c>ry out1 rememb] t y :o are n fatigu$ are be+ wait$ ^u by ^? :o are fatigu$2 y :o are eat+ & dr9k+ by ^? :o are n eat+ & dr9k+2 y :o are conv]s+ by ^? :o are mute--y :o are at y\r ease by p "u pa9ful con/ra9t4 ,& ?us y w nei!r y\rself be k9dl$ into unseemly passion1 nor w y 9 a fit ( fury d h>m to any "o else4 ,no d\bt ,epictetus is "h describ+ conduct :i* he _h (t5 se51 & ( :i* he _h himself exp]i5c$ ! degradation4 ,b he _h e>ly acquir$ a l(t9ess ( s\l & an insight into tru? :i* enabl$ him to di/+ui% ! sub/ance f ! %ad[1 to sep>ate ! realities ( life f its accid5ts1 & s to turn 8 v mis=tunes into fre% means ( atta9+ to moral nobility4 ,9 pro( ( ?is let u see "s ( 8 own op9ions z to 8 /ate ( life4 ,at ! v beg9n+ ( 8 ,disc\rses he draws a di/9ction betwe5 ! ?+s :i* ! gods h & ! ?+s :i* !y h n put 9 our own p[]1 & he held 7be+ defici5t "h 9 t light :i* ,*ri/ianity might h furni%$ to him7 t ! bless+s d5i$ to u are d5i$ n because ! gods w\ld n1 b because !y c\ld n grant !m to u4 ,& !n he supposes t ,jupit] addresses him3-- ,o ,epictetus1 _h x be5 possible1 ,i w\ld h made bo? y\r little body & y\r little prop]ty free & un5tangl$2 b n[1 d n be mi/ak51 x is n y\rs at all1 b only clay f9ely knead$4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ,i c\ld n d ?is1 ,i gave y a portion ( ourselves1 namely1 ?is p[] ( pursu+ & avoid+1 ( desir+ & ( decl9+1 & g5]ally ! p[] ( deal+ ) appe>ances3 & if y cultivate ?is p[]1 & reg>d x z t :i* con/itutes y\r real possession1 y w nev] be h9d]$ or imp$$1 nor w y groan or f9d fault )1 or flatt] any "o4 ,d ^! advantages !n appe> to y to be trifl+8 ,heav5 =bid6 ,be cont5t !re=e ) ^!1 & ?ank ! gods4 ,& aga9 9 "o ( 8 ,fragm5ts 7viii4 ix473-- ,fre$om & slav]y are b names1 respectively1 ( virtue & ( vice3 & bo? ( !m dep5d ^u ! w4 ,b nei!r ( !m h any?+ to d ) ^? ?+s 9 :i* ! w has no %>e4 ,= no "o is a slave ^: w is free4 ,=tune is an evil bond ( ! body1 vice ( ! s\l2 = he is a slave ^: body is free b ^: s\l is b\nd1 &1 on ! contr>y1 he is free ^: body is b\nd b ^: s\l is free4 ,:o does n cat* 9 ^! passages ! v tone ( ,/1 ,paul :5 he says1 ,he t is call$ 9 ! ,"l1 be+ a s]vant1 is ! ,"l's freeman3 likewise also he t is call$1 be+ free1 is ,*ri/'s s]vant8 ,nor is 8 indep5d5ce less cle>ly express :5 he speaks ( 8 de=mity4 ,be+ b ! de=mity ( a body :i* he despis$1 he spoke ( himself z an e!real exi/5ce /agg]+ "u ! burd5 ( a corpse4 ,9 8 admirable *apt] on ,cont5tm5t1 he v =cibly lays d[n t topic ( consolation :i* is d]iv$ f ! s5se t ! univ]se is n made = our individual satisfaction4 ,mu/ my leg be lame8 he supposes "s qu]ul\s objector to inquire4 ,slave6 he replies1 d y !n because ( "o mis]able little leg f9d fault ) ! univ]se8 ,w y n conc$e t accid5t to ! exi/5ce ( g5]al laws8 ,w y n dismiss ! ?\ght ( x8 ,w y n *e]fully ass5t to x = ! sake ( him :o gave x4 ,& w y be indignant & displeas$ at ! ord9ances ( ,zeus1 :i* he orda9$ & appo9t$ ) ! ,de/9ies1 :o 7 pres5t & wove ! web ( y\r be+8 ,"k y n :at an atom y are comp>$ ) ! :ole8--t is1 z reg>ds y\r body1 s9ce z reg>ds y\r reason y are no :it inf]ior to1 or less ?an ! gods4 ,= ! greatness ( reason is n e/imat$ by size or height1 b by ! doctr9es :i* x embraces4 ,w y n !n lay up y\r treasure 9 ^? matt]s :]e9 y are equal to ! gods8 ,&1 ?anks to su* pr9ciples1 a poor & p]secut$ slave 0 able to raise 8 voice 9 s9c]e & eloqu5t ?anksgiv+ to t ,god to :om he ow$ 8 creation1 pres]vation1 & all ! bless+s ( ?is life4 ,speak+ ( ! multitude ( our natural gifts1 he says1 ,are ^! ! only gifts ( ,provid5ce t[>ds u8 ,nay1 :at p[] ( spee* suffices adequately to praise1 or to set !m =?8 =1 _h we b true intellig5ce1 :at duty w\ld be m p]petually incumb5t on u ?an bo? 9 public & 9 private to hymn ! ,div9e1 & bless ,8 "n & praise ,8 b5efits8 ,ought we n1 :5 we dig1 & :5 we pl\gh1 & :5 we eat1 to s+ ?is hymn to ,god8 ',great is ,god1 because ,he ha? giv5 u ^! implem5ts :]eby we may till ! soil2 great is ,god1 because ,he ha? giv5 u h&s1 & ! means ( n\ri%m5t by food1 & ins5sible gr[?1 & brea?+ sleep2' ^! ?+s 9 ea* p>ticul> we ought to hymn1 & to *ant ! greate/ & ! div9e/ hymn1 because ,he ha? giv5 u ! p[] to appreciate ^! bless+s1 & cont9u\sly to use !m4 ,:at !n8 ,s9ce ! mo/ ( y are bl9d$1 ought !re n to be "s "o to fulfil ?is prov9ce = y1 & on behalf ( all to s+ 8 hymn to ,god8 ,& :at else c ,i d1 :o am a lame old man1 except s+ praises to ,god8 ,n[1 _h ,i be5 a night+ale1 ,i %\ld h sung ! songs ( a night+ale1 or _h ,i be5 a swan ! songs ( a swan2 b1 be+ a reasonable be+1 x is my duty to hymn ,god4 ,?is is my task1 & ,i accompli% x2 nor1 s f> z may be grant$ to me1 w ,i ev] ab&on ?is po/1 & y also d ,i exhort to ?is same song4 ,!re is an almo/ lyric beauty ab\t ^! expressions ( resignation & fai? 9 ,god1 & x is ! utt]ance ( su* w>m feel+s t[>ds ,div9e ,provid5ce t con/itutes ! *ief orig9ality ( ,epictetus4 ,x is int]e/+ to ?9k t ! oppress$ hea!n philosoph] f\nd ! same consolation1 & enjoy$ ! same cont5tm5t1 z ! p]secut$ ,*ri/ian ,apo/le4 ,:e!r ye eat or dr9k1 says ,/4 ,paul1 or :atsoev] ye d1 d all to ! glory ( ,god4 ,?9k ( ,god1 says ,epictetus1 (t5] ?an y brea!4 ,let disc\rse ( ,god be r5ew$ daily m surely ?an y\r food4 ,"h1 aga91 are 8 views ab\t 8 pov]ty 7,fragm5t xix473-- ,exam9e y\rself :e!r y wi% to be ri* or to be happy2 & if y wi% to be ri*1 "k t x nei!r is a bless+1 nor is x altoge!r 9 y\r own p[]2 b if to be happy1 "k t x bo? is a bless+1 & is 9 y\r own p[]2 s9ce ! =m] is b a tempor>y loan ( =tune1 b ! gift ( happ9ess dep5ds ^u ! w4 ,j z :5 y see a vip]1 or an asp1 or a scorpion1 9 a casket ( ivory or gold1 y d n love or congratulate !m on ! spl5d\r ( _! mat]ial1 b because _! nature is p]nici\s y turn f & loa! !m1 s likewise :5 y see vice en%r9$ 9 weal? & ! pomp ( circum/ance d n be a/\nd$ at ! glory ( its surr\nd+s1 b despise ! meanness ( its "*4 ,weal? is n among ! numb] ( good ?+s2 extravagance is among ! numb] ( evils1 sob]-m9d$ness ( good ?+s4 ,n[ sob]-m9d$ness invites u to frugality & ! acquisition ( real advantages2 b weal? to extravagance1 & x drags u away f sob]-m9d$ness4 ,x is a h>d matt]1 !re=e1 be+ ri* to be sob]-m9d$1 or be+ sob]-m9d$ to be ri*4 ,! la/ s5t5ce w =cibly rem9d ! read] ( our ,"l's own words1 ,h[ h>dly %all !y t h ri*es 7or z ! p>allel passage less />tl+ly expresses x1 ',*ildr51 h[ h>d is x = !m t tru/ 9 ri*es to'7 ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,b ?is is a fav\rite subject ) ! anci5t philosoph]1 & ,epictetus cont9ues3-- ,_h y be5 born 9 ,p]sia1 y w\ld n h be5 eag] to live 9 ,greece1 b to /ay :]e y 71 & be happy2 &1 be+ born 9 pov]ty1 :y are y eag] to be ri*1 & n r to abide 9 pov]ty1 & s be happy8 ,z x is bett] to be 9 good heal?1 be+ h>d-press$ on a little truckle-b$1 ?an to roll1 & to be ill 9 "s broad c\*2 s too x is bett] 9 a small compet5ce to enjoy ! calm ( mod]ate desires1 ?an 9 ! mid/ ( sup]fluities to be discont5t$4 ,?is1 too1 is a ?\ght :i* _m h express$4 ,g5tle sleep1 says ,horace1 despises n ! humble cottages ( ru/ics1 nor ! %ad$ banks1 nor valleys ^: foliage waves ) ! we/]n w9d2 & e read] w recall ! magnific5t words ( our own great ,%akespe>e-- ,:y r1 ,sleep1 lie/ ?\ 9 smoky cribs1 ,^u uneasy pallets /ret*+ !e1 ,& hu%'d ) buzz+ night-flies to ?y slumb]1 ,?an 9 ! p]fum$ *amb]s ( ! great1 ,"u ! canopies ( co/ly /ate1 ,& lull'd ) s\nds ( sweete/ melody8 ,to ! subject ( fre$om1 & to ! p[] :i* man possesses to make himself entirely indep5d5t ( all surr\nd+ circum/ances1 ,epictetus incessantly recurs4 ,) ! possibility ( bani%m5t to an erga/ulum p]petually be=e 8 eyes1 he def9es a prison z be+ any situation 9 :i* a man is plac$ aga9/ 8 w2 to ,socrates = in/ance ! prison 0 no prison1 = he 0 !re will+ly1 & no man ne$ be 9 prison1 aga9/ 8 w if he has le>nt1 z "o ( 8 prim>y duties1 a *e]ful acquiesc5ce 9 ! inevitable4 ,by ! expression ( su* s5tim5ts ,epictetus _h anticipat$ by fifte5 hundr$ ye>s ! immortal tru? s sweetly express$ by ,lovelace3 ,/one walls d n a prison make1 ,nor iron b>s a cage2 ,m9ds innoc5t & quiet take ,t = a h]mitage4 ,situat$ z he 01 we c h>dly wond] t ?\ghts l ^! occupi$ a l>ge %>e ( ! m9d ( ,epictetus1 or t he _h taught himself to lay hold ( !m ) ! firme/ possible grasp4 ,:5 ask$1 ,:o among m5 is ri*8 he repli$1 ,he :o suffices = himself2 an expression :i* conta9s ! g]m ( ! tru? s =cibly express$ 9 ! ,book ( ,prov]bs1 ,! backslid] 9 he>t %all be fill$ ) 8 own ways1 & a good man %all be satisfi$ f himself4 ,simil>ly1 :5 ask$1 ,:o is free8 he replies1 ,! man :o ma/]s 8 own self1 ) mu* ! same tone ( expressions z t ( ,solomon1 ,he t is sl[ to ang] is bett] ?an ! mighty1 & he t rule? 8 _s ?an he t take? a city4 ,socrates 0 "o ( ! great models :om ,epictetus con/antly seats be=e him1 & ?is is "o ( ! anecdotes :i* he relates ab\t him ) admiration4 ,:5 ,ar*elaus s5t a message to express ! int5tion ( mak+ him ri*1 ,socrates bade ! mess5g] in=m him t at ,a!ns f\r qu>ts ( meal might be b\ght = ?ree halfp5ce1 & ! f\nta9s fl[ ) wat]4 ,if !n my exi/+ possessions are insuffici5t = me1 at any rate ,i am suffici5t = !m1 & s !y too are suffici5t = me4 ,d y n see t ,polus act$ ! "p ( ,o$ipus 9 8 royal /ate ) no less beauty ( voice ?an t ( ,o$ipus 9 ,colonos1 a w&]] & begg>8 ,%all !n a noble man appe> inf]ior to ,polus1 s z n to act well e "* impos$ ^u him by ,div9e ,provid5ce2 & %all he n imitate ,ulysses1 :o ev5 9 rags 0 no less conspicu\s ?an 9 ! curl$ nap ( 8 purple cloak8 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! view :i* ,epictetus took ( life is always simple1 & always consi/5t2 x is a view :i* gave him consolation among life's tr\bles1 & /r5g? to display "s ( its noble/ virtues1 & x may be summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ passages ( 8 fam\s ,manual3-- ,rememb]1 he says1 t y are an actor ( j su* a "p z is assign$ y by ! ,poet ( ! play2 ( a %ort "p1 if ! "p be %ort2 ( a long "p1 if x be long4 ,%\ld ,he wi% y to act ! "p ( a begg>1 take c>e to act x naturally & nobly2 & ! same if x be ! "p ( a lame man1 or a rul]1 or a private man2 = ?is is 9 y\r p[]1 to act well ! "p assign$ to y2 b to *oose t "p is ! function ( ano!r4 ,let n ^! consid]ations afflict y3 ',i %all live despis$1 & ! m]e/ nobody2' = if di%on\r be an evil1 y _c be involv$ 9 evil any m ?an y c be involv$ 9 bas5ess ?r\gh any "o else's means4 ,is x !n at all y\r bus9ess to be a lead+ man1 or to be ent]ta9$ at a banquet8 ,by no means4 ,h[ !n c x be a di%onor n to be s8 ,& h[ w y be a m]e nobody1 s9ce x is y\r duty to be somebody only 9 ^? circum/ances :i* are 9 y\r own p[]1 9 :i* y may be a p]son ( ! greate/ importance8 ,hon\r1 prec$5ce1 confid5ce1 he argues 9 ano!r passage1 :e!r !y be good ?+s or evil ?+s1 are at any rate ?+s = :i* _! own def9ite price mu/ be paid4 ,lettuces are sold = a p5ny1 & if y want y\r lettuce y mu/ pay y\r p5ny2 & simil>ly1 if y want to be ask$ out to a p]son's h\se1 y mu/ pay ! price :i* he dem&s = ask+ p1 :e!r ! co9 he requires be praise or att5tion2 b if y d n give ^!1 d n expect ! o!r4 ,h y !n ga9$ no?+ 9 lieu ( y\r supp]8 ,inde$ y h2 y h escap$ prais+ a p]son :om y did n want to praise1 & y h escap$ ! necessity ( tol]at+ ! up/>t imp]t95ce ( 8 m5ials4 ,"s p>ts ( ?is la/ ?\ght h be5 s beautifully express$ by ! ,am]ican poet ,l[ell t ,i w conclude ?is *apt] 9 8 words3 ,e>? ha? h] price = :at e>? gives u2 ,! begg> is tax'd = a corn] to die 92 ,! prie/ ha? 8 fee :o comes & %rieves u2 ,we b>ga9 = ! graves we lie 93 ,at ! devil's m>t are all ?+s sold1 ,ea* ounce ( dross co/s its ounce ( gold1 ,= a cap & bells our lives we pay4 ,bubbles we e>n ) our :ole s\l's task+1 ',tis only ,god t is giv5 away1 ',tis only heav5 may be _h = ! ask+4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,life ,,& ,,views ,,( ,,epictetus 7cont9u$74 ,:e!r any ( ^! great ?\ghts w\ld h sugge/$ !mselves spontane\sly to ,epictetus--:e!r !re 0 an inborn wisdom & nobl5ess 9 ! m9d ( ?is slave :i* w\ld h enabl$ him to elaborate su* views f 8 own consci\sness1 we _c tell2 !y d n1 h[ev]1 express 8 s5tim5ts only1 b belong 9 fact to ! moral tea*+ ( ! great ,/oic s*ool1 9 ! doctr9es ( :i* he _h receiv$ in/ruction4 ,x may s\nd /range to ! read] t "o situat$ z ,epictetus 0 %\ld yet h _h a regul> tutor to tra9 him 9 ,/oic doctr9es4 ,t su* %\ld h be5 ! case appe>s at fir/ sight inconsi/5t ) ! cruelty ) :i* he 0 treat$1 b x is a fact :i* is capable ( easy explanation4 ,9 times ( univ]sal luxury & display--9 times :5 a sort ( surface-ref9em5t is f\nd among all ! weal?y--"s sort ( respect is always paid to intellectual em95ce1 & intellectual amusem5ts are cultivat$ z well z ^? ( a co>s] "*4 ,h5ce a ri* ,roman lik$ to h p ( lit]>y culture among 8 slaves2 he lik$ to h p at h& :o w\ld get him any in=mation :i* he might desire ab\t books1 :o c\ld act z 8 amanu5ses1 :o c\ld ev5 correct & supply in=mation = 8 orig9al compositions4 ,su* le>n$ slaves =m$ "p ( e l>ge e/abli%m5t1 & among !m 7 usually to be f\nd "s :o bore1 if !y did n p>ticul>ly m]it1 ! title ( philosoph]s4 ,^! m5--_m ( :om are describ$ z hav+ be5 m]e impo/ors1 o/5tati\s p$ants1 or ignorant hypocrites--act$ some:at l dome/ic *apla9s 9 ! h\ses ( _! patrons4 ,!y gratifi$ an amateur ta/e = wisdom1 & help$ to :ile away 9 comp>ative innoc5ce ! h\rs :i* _! ma/]s might o!rwise h sp5t 9 lassitude or sleep4 ,x 0 no m to ! cr$it ( ,epaphroditus t he wi%$ to h a philosophic slave1 ?an x is to ! cr$it ( an illit]ate millionaire 9 mod]n times t he likes to h works ( high art 9 8 draw+-room1 & books ( ref]5ce 9 8 well-furni%$ libr>y4 ,accord+ly1 s9ce ,epictetus mu/ h be5 s+ul>ly useless = all physical purposes1 & s9ce 8 ?\ghtfulness & intellig5ce c\ld n fail to comm& att5tion1 8 ma/] det]m9$ to make him useful 9 ! only way possible1 & s5t him to ,caius ,musonius ,rufus to be tra9$ 9 ! doctr9es ( ! ,/oic philosophy4 ,musonius 0 ! son ( a ,roman knight4 ,8 le>n+ & eloqu5ce1 no less ?an 8 ke5 appreciation ( ,/oic tru?s1 _h s deeply k9dl$ ! suspicions ( ,n]o1 t he bani%$ him to ! rocky little isl& ( ,gy>os1 on ! *>ge ( 8 hav+ be5 conc]n$ 9 ,piso's conspiracy4 ,he return$ to ,rome aft] ! suicide ( ,n]o1 & liv$ 9 great di/9ction & respect1 s t he 0 all[$ to rema9 9 ! city :5 ! ,emp]or ,vespasian bani%$ all ! o!r philosoph]s ( any em95ce4 ,! works ( ,musonius h n come d[n to u1 b a few notices ( him1 :i* are scatt]$ 9 ! ,disc\rses ( 8 great] pupil1 %[ u :at k9d ( man he 04 ,! foll[+ anecdotes w %[ t he 0 a philosoph] ( ! /ricte/ s*ool4 ,speak+ ( ! value ( logic z a means ( tra9+ ! reason1 ,epictetus anticipates ! objection t1 aft] all1 a m]e error 9 reason+ is no v s]i\s fault4 ,he po9ts out t x is a fault1 & t is suffici5t4 ,i too1 he says1 once made ?is v rem>k to ,rufus :5 he rebuk$ me = n discov]+ ! suppress$ premiss 9 "s syllogism4 ',:at6' said ,i1 'h ,i !n set ! ,capitol on fire1 t y rebuke me ?us8' ',slave6' he answ]$1 ':at has ! ,capitol to d ) x8 ,is !re no o!r fault !n %ort ( sett+ ! ,capitol on fire8 ,yes6 to use "o's own m]e fancies ra%ly1 at r&om1 anyh[2 n to foll[ an argum5t1 or a demon/ration1 or a sophism2 n1 9 %ort1 to see :at makes = oneself or n1 9 que/ion+ & answ]+--is none ( ^! ?+s a fault8' ,sometimes he us$ to te/ ! ,/oical endurance ( 8 pupil by po9t+ out ! indignities & tortures :i* 8 ma/] might at any mom5t inflict ^u him2 & :5 ,epictetus answ]$ t1 aft] all1 su* treatm5t 0 :at man _h borne1 & !re=e c\ld be>1 he w\ld reply approv+ly t e man's de/9y 0 9 8 own h&s2 t he ne$ lack no?+ f any "o else2 t1 s9ce he c\ld d]ive f himself magnanimity & nobility ( s\l1 he might despise ! notion ( receiv+ l&s or money or (fice4 ,b1 he cont9u$1 :5 any "o is c[>dly or mean1 "o ought obvi\sly 9 writ+ lett]s ab\t su* a p]son to speak ( him z a corpse1 & to say1 ',fav\r u ) ! corpse & blood ( ,s-&-s1' ,=8 9 fact1 su* a man is a m]e corpse1 & no?+ m2 = if he 7 any?+ m1 he w\ld h p]ceiv$ t no man ev] suff]s any real mis=tunes by ano!r's means4 ,i d n "k :e!r ,mr4 ,rusk9 is a /ud5t ( ,epictetus1 b he1 among o!rs1 has =cibly express$ ! same tru?4 ,my fri5ds1 d y rememb] t old ,scy?ian cu/om1 :5 ! head ( a h\se di$8 ,h[ he 0 dress$ 9 8 f9e/ dress1 & set 9 8 *>iot1 & c>ri$ ab\t to 8 fri5ds' h\ses2 & ea* ( !m plac$ him at 8 table's head1 & all fea/$ 9 8 pres5ce8 ,suppose x 7 (f]$ to y1 9 pla9 words1 z x is (f]$ to y 9 dire facts1 t y %\ld ga9 ?is ,scy?ian hon\r gradually1 :ile y yet ?\ght y\rself alive4444 ,w\ld y take ! (f] v]bally made by ! dea?-angel8 ,w\ld ! meane/ among u take x1 ?9k y8 ,yet practically & v]ily we grasp at x1 e "o ( u1 9 a measure2 _m ( u grasp at x 9 ! fulness ( horror4 ,! way 9 :i* ,musonius treat$ w\ld-be pupils mu* resembl$ ! plan adopt$ by ,socrates4 ,x is n easy1 says ,epictetus1 to tra9 effem9ate y\?s1 any m ?an x is easy to take up :ey ) a hook4 ,b ^? ( f9e nature1 ev5 if y disc\rage !m1 desire in/ruction all ! m4 ,= :i* reason ,rufus (t5 disc\rag$ pupils1 us+ ?is z a crit]ion ( f9e & ( common natures2 = he us$ to say1 t j z a /one1 ev5 if y fl+ x into ! air1 w fall d[n to ! e>? by its own gravitat+ =ce1 s also a noble nature1 9 proportion z x is repuls$1 9 t proportion t5ds m 9 its own natural direction4 ,z ,em]son says1-- ,yet on ! nimble air b5ign ,spe$ nimbl] messages1 ,t waft ! brea? ( grace div9e ,to he>ts 9 slo? & ease4 ,s nigh is gr&eur to our du/1 ,s ne> is ,god to man1 ,:5 ,duty :isp]s l[1 ',,?\ ,,mu/1' ,! y\? replies1 ',i ,,c4' ,"o m trait ( ! "* ( ,musonius w %[ h[ deeply ,epictetus respect$ him1 & h[ mu* good he d]iv$ f him4 ,9 8 ,disc\rse on ,o/5tation1 ,epictetus says t ,rufus 0 9 ! habit ( rem>k+ to 8 pupils1 ,if y h leisure to praise me1 ,i c h done y no good4 ,he us$ inde$ s to address u t ea* "o ( u1 sitt+ !re1 ?\ght t "s "o _h be5 privately tell+ tales aga9/ him 9 p>ticul>1 s completely did ,rufus seize hold ( 8 *>act]i/ics1 s vividly did he portray our individual faults4 ,su* 0 ! man "u ^: tea*+ ,epictetus grew to maturity1 & x 0 evid5tly a tea*+ :i* 0 wise & noble1 ev5 if x 7 some:at *ill+ & au/]e4 ,x =m$ an epo* 9 ! slave's life2 x rem\ld$ 8 entire "*2 x 0 to him ! s\rce ( bless+s s ine/imable 9 _! value t x is d\btful :e!r !y 7 c\nt]-balanc$ by all ! mis]ies ( pov]ty1 slav]y1 & contempt4 ,he w\ld probably h admitt$ t x 0 bett] = him to h be5 sold into cruel slav]y1 ?an x w\ld h be5 to gr[ up 9 fre$om1 obscurity1 & ignorance 9 8 native ,hi]apolis4 ,s t ,epictetus might h f\nd1 & did f9d1 9 8 own p]son1 an additional argum5t 9 fav\r ( ,div9e ,provid5ce3 an additional pro( t ,god is k9d & m]ciful to all m52 an additional int5sity ( conviction t1 if our lots on e>? are n equal1 !y are at lea/ dom9at$ by a pr9ciple ( ju/ice & ( wisdom1 & ea* man1 on ! :ole1 may ga9 t :i* is be/ = him1 & t :i* mo/ hone/ly & mo/ he>tily he desires4 ,epictetus rem9ds u aga9 & aga9 t we may h _m1 if n all1 su* advantages z ! _w has to (f]1 if we are will+ to pay ! price by :i* !y are obta9$4 ,b if t price be a mean or a wick$ "o1 & if we %\ld scorn ourselves 7 we ev] tempt$ to pay x1 !n we mu/ n ev5 ca/ "o long+ look ( regret t[>ds ?+s :i* c only be got by t :i* we delib]ately refuse to give4 ,e good & j man may ga91 if n happ9ess1 !n some?+ high] ?an happ9ess4 ,let no "o reg>d ?is z a m]e phrase1 = x is capable ( a mo/ di/9ct & def9ite mean+4 ,!re are c]ta9 ?+s :i* all m5 desire1 & :i* all m5 w\ld gladly1 if !y c\ld lawfully & innoc5tly obta94 ,^! ?+s are heal?1 weal?1 ease1 com=t1 influ5ce1 hon\r1 fre$om f opposition & f pa92 & yet1 if y 7 to place all ^! bless+s on ! "o side1 & on ! o!r side to place pov]ty1 & disease1 & angui%1 & tr\ble1 & contempt1--yet1 if on ?is side also y 7 to place tru? & ju/ice1 & a s5se t1 h[ev] d5sely ! cl\ds may ga!r ab\t our life1 ! light ( ,god w be visible beyond !m1 all ! noble/ m5 :o ev] liv$ w\ld *oose1 z )\t hesitation !y always h *os51 ! latt] de/9y4 ,x is n t !y l failure1 b !y pref] failure to falsity2 x is n t !y love p]secution1 b !y pref] p]secution to meanness2 x is n t !y reli% opposition1 b !y welcome opposition r ?an guilty acquiesc5ce2 x is n t !y d n %r9k f agony1 b !y w\ld n escape agony by crime4 ,! selfi%ness ( ,dives 9 8 purple is to !m less enviable ?an ! innoc5ce ( ,laz>us 9 rags2 !y w\ld be *a9$ ) ,john 9 prison r ?an loll ) ,h]od at ! fea/2 !y w\ld fight ) bea/s ) ,paul 9 ! ar5a r ?an be /eep$ 9 ! f\l luxury ( ,n]o on ! ?rone4 ,x is n happ9ess1 b x is some?+ high] ?an happ9ess2 x is /illness1 x is assurance1 x is satisfaction1 x is peace2 ! _w c nei!r und]/& x1 nor give x1 nor take x away1--x is some?+ indescribable--x is ! gift ( ,god4 ,! fallacy ( be+ surpris$ at wick$ness 9 prosp]ity1 & righte\sness 9 mis]y1 c only lie1 says ,mr4 ,fr\de1 9 words :i* w\ld h delight$ ,epictetus1 & :i* w\ld express ! inmo/ _s ( 8 philosophy1 9 ! suppos$ "r to happ9ess4444 ,happ9ess is n :at we are to look =4 ,our place is to be true to ! be/ we "k1 to seek t1 & d t2 & if by 'virtue is its own rew>d' be meant t ! good man c>es only to cont9ue good1 desir+ no?+ m1 !n x is a true & a noble say+4444 ,let u d "r1 & !n :e!r happ9ess come1 or unhapp9ess1 x is no v mighty matt]4 ,if x come1 life w be sweet2 if x d n come1 life w be bitt]--bitt]1 n sweet1 & yet to be borne4444 ,! well-be+ ( our s\ls dep5ds only on :at we are2 & nobl5ess ( "* is no?+ else b /eady love ( good1 & /eady scorn ( evil4444 ,only to ^? :o h ! he>t to say1 ',we c d )\t selfi% enjoym5t3 x is n :at we ask or desire1' is !re no secret4 ,man w h :at he desires1 & w f9d :at is really be/ = him1 exactly z he hone/ly seeks = x4 ,happ9ess may fly away1 pleasure pall or cease to be obta9able1 weal? decay1 fri5ds fail or prove unk9d2 b ! p[] to s]ve ,god nev] fails1 & ! love ( ,him is nev] reject$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,life ,,& ,,views ,,( ,,epictetus 7cont9u$47 ,( ! life ( ,epictetus1 z di/9ct f 8 op9ions1 !re is un=tunately little m to be told4 ,! life ( ,t halt+ slave1 :o 9 ,nicopolis ,taught ,arrian1 :5 ,vespasian's brutal son ,cle>$ ,rome ( :at mo/ %am$ him1 is n an ev5tful life1 & ! conditions :i* surr\nd$ x are v circumscrib$4 ,great m51 x has be5 obs]v$1 h (t5 ! %orte/ biographies2 _! real life is 9 _! books4 ,at "s p]iod ( 8 life1 b h[ or :5 we d n "k1 ,epictetus 0 manumitt$ by 8 ma/]1 & 0 h5ce=w>d reg>d$ by ! _w z free4 ,probably ! *ange made little or no diff]5ce 9 8 life4 ,if x sav$ him f a c]ta9 am\nt ( brutality1 if x gave him m un9t]rupt$ leisure1 x probably did n 9 ! slighte/ degree modify ! h>d%ips ( 8 exi/5ce1 & may h caus$ him "s little anxiety z to ! means ( procur+ ! necess>ies ( life4 ,he1 ( all m51 w\ld h atta*$ ! lea/ importance to ! ext]nal conditions "u :i* he liv$2 he always reg>d$ !m z fall+ "u ! category ( ?+s :i* lay beyond ! sph]e ( 8 own influ5ce1 & !re=e z ?+s ) :i* he _h no?+ to d4 ,ev5 9 8 mo/ oppress$ days1 he consid]$ himself1 by ! grace ( heav51 to be m free--free 9 a f> tru] & high] s5se--?an ?\s&s ( ^? :o ow$ allegiance to no ma/]'s w4 ,:e!r he _h sav$ any small sum ( money1 or :e!r 8 ne$s 7 suppli$ by ! _m :o lov$ & hon\r$ him1 we d n "k4 ,he 0 a man :o 0 cont5t ) ! b>e/ necess>ies ( life1 & we may be sure t he w\ld h refus$ to be indebt$ to any "o = m ?an ^!4 ,x is probable t he nev] m>ri$4 ,?is may h be5 due to t %ade ( indiff]5ce to ! female "* ( :i* we detect traces "h & !re 9 8 writ+s4 ,9 "o passage he compla9s t wom5 seem$ to ?9k ( no?+ b admiration & gett+ m>ri$2 &1 9 ano!r1 he obs]ves1 almo/ ) a sne]1 t ! ,roman ladies 7 fond ( ,plato's ,republic because he all[$ "s v lib]al m>riage regulations4 ,we c only inf] f ^! passages t he _h be5 v un=tunate 9 ! specim5s ( wom5 ) :om he _h be5 ?r[n4 ,! ,roman ladies ( 8 "t 7 c]ta9ly n models ( "*2 he 0 n likely to fall 9 ) v exalt$ females among ! slaves ( ,epaphroditus or ! ladies ( 8 family1 & he _h probably nev] kn[n ! love ( a si/] or a "m's c>e4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 g ! l5g? ( condemn+ m>riage altoge!r2 on ! contr>y1 he blames ! philosoph]s :o did s4 ,b x is equally obvi\s t he approves ( celibacy z a c\nsel ( p]fection1 & inde$ 8 views on ! subject h s close & rem>kable a resemblance to ^? ( ,/4 ,paul t our read]s w be int]e/$ 9 see+ !m side by side4 ,9 #a ,cor4 vii4 ,/4 ,paul1 aft] speak+ ( ! nobl5ess ( virg9ity1 proce$s1 nev]!less1 to sanction matrimony z 9 itself a hall[$ & hon\rable e/ate4 ,x 0 n giv5 to all1 he says1 to abide ev5 z he 01 & !re=e m>riage %\ld be adopt$ z a sacr$ & indissoluble bond4 ,/ill1 )\t be+ sure t he has any div9e sanction = :at he is ab\t to say1 he consid]s celibacy good = ! pres5t di/ress1 & w>ns ^? t m>ry t !y %all h tr\ble 9 ! fle%4 ,= m>riage involves a direct multiplication ( ! c>es ( ! fle%3 ,he t is unm>ri$ c>e? = ! ?+s t belong to ! ,"l1 h[ he may please ! ,"l3 b he t is m>ri$ c>e? = ! ?+s t are ( ! _w1 h[ he may please 8 wife4444 ,& ?is ,i speak = y\r own pr(it1 n t ,i may ca/ a sn>e ^u y1 b = t :i* is comely1 & t ye may att5d ^u ! ,"l )\t di/raction4 ,x is cle>1 !n1 t ,/4 ,paul reg>d$ virg9ity z a c\nsel ( p]fection1 & ,epictetus uses respect+ x almo/ id5tically ! same language4 ,m>riage 0 p]fectly p]missible 9 8 view1 b x 0 mu* bett] = a ,cynic 7i4e4 = all :o c>ri$ out mo/ fully _! philosophical obligations7 to rema9 s+le3 ,s9ce ! condition ( ?+s is su* z x n[ is1 z ?\gh we 7 on ! eve ( battle1 ought n ! ,cynio to be entirely )\t di/raction ! ,greek ^w be+ ! v same z t us$ by ,/4 ,paul = ! s]vice ( ,god8 ought he n to be able to move ab\t among mank9d free f ! entanglem5t ( private relation%ips or dome/ic duties1 :i* if he neglect he w no long] pres]ve ! "* ( a wise & good man1 & :i* if he obs]ve he w lose ! function ( a mess5g]1 & s5t9el1 & h]ald ( ! gods8 ,epictetus proce$s to po9t out t if he is m>ri$ he c no long] look aft] ! spiritual int]e/s ( all ) :om he is ?r[n 9 contact1 & no long] ma9ta9 ! rigid indep5d5ce ( all luxuries :i* m>k$ ! g5u9e philosoph]4 ,he mu/1 = in/ance1 h a ba? = 8 *ild1 provisions = 8 wife's ailm5ts1 & clo!s = 8 little ones1 & money to buy !m sat*els & p5s1 & cribs & cups2 & h5ce a g5]al increase ( furniture1 & all sorts ( undignifi$ di/ractions1 :i* ,epictetus enum]ates ) an almo/ amus+ manife/ation ( disgu/4 ,x is true 7he admits7 t ,crates1 a celebrat$ cynic1 0 m>ri$1 b x 0 to a lady z self-d5y+ z himself1 & to "o :o _h giv5 up weal? & fri5ds to %>e h>d%ip & pov]ty ) him4 ,&1 if ,epictetus does n v5ture to say 9 s _m words t ,crates 9 ?is matt] made a mi/ake1 he takes pa9s to po9t out t ! circum/ances 7 f> too exceptional to be accept$ z a prec$5t = ! imitation ( o!rs4 ,b1 inquires ! int]locutor1 h[ !n is ! _w to get on8 ,! "q seems q to di/urb ! ba*elor equanimity ( ,epictetus2 x makes him use language ( ! /ronge/ & mo/ en]getic contempt3 & x is only :5 he tr5*es on ?is subject t he ev] seems to lose ! nobility & grace1 ! sweetness & light1 :i* are ! g5]al *>act]i/ic ( 8 utt]ances4 ,9 spite ( 8 complete self-ma/]y he 0 evid5tly a man ( /rong feel+s1 & ) a natural t5d5cy to express !m /rongly4 ,heav5 bless u1 he exclaims 9 reply1 are !y great] b5efactors ( mank9d :o br+ into ! _w two or ?ree evilly-squall+ brats1#fc or ^? :o1 to ! be/ ( _! p[]1 keep a b5efic5t eye on ! lives1 & habits1 & t5d5cies ( all mank9d8 ,7 ! ,!bans :o _h l>ge families m useful to _! c\ntry ?an ! *ildless ,epam9ondas2 or 0 ,hom] less useful to mank9d ?an ,priam ) 8 fifty good-=-no?+ sons8444 ,:y1 sir1 ! true cynic is a fa!r to all m52 all m5 are 8 sons & all wom5 8 daught]s2 he has a bond ( union1 a li5 ( affection ) !m all4 7,diss]t4 iii4 #bb47 ,footnote #fc3 ,greek3 kakorrug*a paidia4 ,ano!r read+ is ,greek3 kokorug*a1 :i* ,m4 ,m>?a r5d]s1 ,m>mots vila9 petit museau6 ,x is evid5t t ,epictetus did n l *ildr51 :i* makes 8 subsequ5tly m5tion$ compassion to ! poor neglect$ *ild /ill m cr$itable to him4 ,! :ole "* ( ,epictetus is suffici5t to prove t he w\ld only d :at he consid]$ mo/ desirable & mo/ exalt$2 & passages l ^!1 ! extreme asp]ity ( :i* ,i h necess>ily1 s(t5$ d[n1 are1 ,i ?9k1 decisive 9 fav\r ( ! tradition :i* pron\nces him to h be5 unm>ri$4 ,we are told t he liv$ 9 a cottage ( ! simple/ & ev5 meane/ description3 x nei!r ne$$ nor possess$ a fa/5+ ( any k9d1 = )9 x !re 0 no furniture except a lamp & ! poor /raw pallet on :i* he slept4 ,ab\t 8 lamp !re 0 curr5t 9 antiquity a fam\s /ory1 to :i* he himself alludes4 ,z a piece ( unwont$ luxury he _h pur*as$ a little iron lamp1 :i* burn$ 9 front ( ! images ( 8 h\sehold deities4 ,x 0 ! only possession :i* he _h1 & a ?ief /ole x4 ,he w be f9ely disappo9t$ :5 he comes aga91 quietly obs]v$ ,epictetus4 = he w only f9d an e>!nw>e lamp next "t4 ,at 8 dea? ! little e>!nw>e lamp 0 b\ght by "s g5u9e h]o-wor%ipp] = #c1jjj dra*mas4 ,! pur*as] hop$1 says ! satirical ,lucian1 t if he read philosophy at night by t lamp1 he w\ld at once acquire 9 dreams ! wisdom ( ! admirable old man :o once possess$ x4 ,b1 9 spite ( 8 deep pov]ty1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t !re 0 any?+ ecc5tric or o/5tati\s 9 ! life ( ,epictetus4 ,on ! contr>y1 8 writ+s ab\nd 9 directions z to ! prop] be>+ ( a philosoph] 9 life4 ,he w>ns 8 /ud5ts t !y may h ridicule to endure4 ,n only did ! little boys 9 ! /reets1 ! gam9s ( ,rome1 appe> to consid] a philosoph] fair game1 & ?9k x f9e fun to mimic 8 ge/ures & pull 8 be>d1 b he _h to und]go ! sne]s ( mu* m dignifi$ p4 ,if1 says ,epictetus1 y want to "k h[ ! ,romans reg>d philosoph]s1 li/54 ,maelius1 :o _h ! highe/ philosophic reputation among !m1 once :5 ,i 0 pres5t1 happ5$ to get into a great rage ) 8 p1 & z ?\gh he _h receiv$ an intol]able injury1 exclaim$1 ',i _c endure x2 y are kill+ me2 :y1 y'll make me l him6 po9t+ to me1 evid5tly z if ,epictetus 7 ! m]e/ insect 9 exi/5ce4 ,&1 aga9 he says 9 ! ,manual4 ,if y wi% to be a philosoph]1 prep>e y\rself to be ?or\ghly laugh$ at s9ce _m w c]ta9ly sne] & je] at y1 & w say1 ',he has come back to u z a philosoph] all ( a sudd51' & ',:]e 9 ! _w did he get ?is sup]cili\sness8' ,n[ d n y be sup]cili\s1 b cl+ to ! ?+s :i* appe> be/ to y 9 su* a mann] z ?\gh y 7 consci\s ( hav+ be5 appo9t$ by ,god to ?is position4 ,aga9 9 ! little disc\rse ,on ! ,desire ( ,admiration1 he w>ns ! philosoph] n to walk z if he _h swall[$ a pok] or to c>e = ! applause ( ^? multitudes :om he holds to be imm]s$ 9 error4 ,= all display1 & pret5ce1 & hypocrisy1 & ,ph>isaism1 & boa/+1 & m]e fruitless book-le>n+ he seems to h felt a g5u9e & pr(\nd contempt4 ,recomm5dations to simplicity ( conduct1 c\rtesy ( mann]1 & mod]ation ( language 7 among 8 practical precepts4 ,x is refre%+1 too1 to "k t ) ! /ronge/ & manlie/ good s5se1 he entirely repudiat$ t dog-l brutality ( behavi\r1 & repulsive ecc5tricity ( self-neglect1 :i* *>act]is$ n a few ( ! ,cynic lead]s4 ,he expressly argues t ! ,cynic %\ld be a man ( ready tact1 & attractive pres5ce2 & !re is some?+ ( almo/ indignant en]gy 9 8 words :5 he urges ^u a pupil ! pla9 duty ( scrupul\s cleanl9ess4 ,9 ?is respect our fri5ds ! ,h]mits w\ld n q h satisfi$ him1 al?\gh he might possibly h p>don$ !m on ! plea t !y abode 9 des]t solitudes1 s9ce he bids ^? :o neglect ! due c>e ( _! bodies to live ei!r 9 ! wild]ness or alone4 ,late 9 life ,epictetus increas$ 8 e/abli%m5t by tak+ 9 an old woman z a s]vant4 ,! cause ( 8 do+ s %[s an almo/ ,*ri/ian t5d]ness ( "*4 ,accord+ to ! hide\s cu/om ( infanticide :i* prevail$ 9 ! pagan _w1 a man ) :om ,epictetus 0 acqua9t$ expos$ 8 infant son to p]i%4 ,epictetus 9 pity took ! *ild home to save its life1 & ! s]vices ( a female 7 necess>y to supply its wants4 ,su* k9dness & self-d5ial 7 all ! m admirable because pity1 l all o!r deep emotions1 0 reg>d$ by ! ,/oics 9 ! light r ( a vice ?an ( a virtue4 ,9 ?is respect1 h[ev]1 bo? ,s5eca & ,epictetus1 & to a /ill great] ext5t ,m>cus ,aurelius1 7 glori\sly false to ! rigidity ( ! s*ool to :i* !y pr(ess$ to belong4 ,we see ) delight t "o ( ! ,disc\rses ( ,epictetus 0 ,on ! ,t5d]ness & ,=be>ance due to ,s9n]s2 & he ab\nds 9 exhortations to =be>ance 9 judg+ o!rs4 ,9 "o ( 8 ,fragm5ts he tells ! foll[+ anecdote3--,a p]son :o _h se5 a poor %ip-wreck$ & almo/ dy+ pirate took pity on him1 c>ri$ him home1 gave him clo!s1 & furni%$ him ) all ! necess>ies ( life4 ,somebody reproa*$ him = do+ good to ! wick$--,i h hon\r$1 he repli$1 n ! man1 b humanity 9 8 p]son4 ,b "o fact m is kn[n 9 ! life ( ,epictetus1 ,domitian1 ! y\ng] son ( ,vespasian1 succe$$ 8 f> nobl] bro!r ! ,emp]or ,titus2 & 9 ! c\rse ( 8 reign a decree 0 pass$ :i* bani%$ all ! philosoph]s f ,italy4 ,epictetus 0 n exempt$ f ?is unju/ & absurd decree4 ,t he bore x ) equanimity may be inf]r$ f ! approval ) :i* he tells an anecdote ab\t ,agripp9us1 :o :ile 8 cause 0 be+ tri$ 9 ! ,s5ate w5t on ) all 8 usual avocations1 & on be+ in=m$ on 8 return f ba?+ t he _h be5 condemn$1 quietly ask$1 ,to dea? or bani%m5t8 ,to bani%m5t1 said ! mess5g]4 ,is my prop]ty confiscat$8 ,no1 ,v well1 !n let u g z f> z ,aricia 7ab\t sixte5 miles f ,rome71 & d9e !re4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 class ( philosoph]s ^: ext]nal m>k & ^: sole claim to di/9ction re/$ 9 ! l5g? ( _! be>ds2 & :5 ! decree ( ,domitian 0 pass$ ^! g5tleman cont5t$ !mselves ) %av+4 ,epictetus alludes to ?is 9 8 second ,disc\rse1 ,come1 ,epictetus1 %ave (f y\r be>d1 he imag9es "s "o to say to him4 ,if ,i am a philosoph] ,i w n1 he replies4 ,!n ,i w take (f y\r head4 ,by all means1 if t w d y any good4 ,he w5t to ,nicopolis1 a t[n ( ,epirus1 :i* _h be5 built by ,augu/us 9 commemoration ( 8 victory at ,actium4 ,:e!r he ev] revisit$ ,rome is unc]ta91 b x is probable t he did s1 = we "k t he enjoy$ ! fri5d%ip ( sev]al em95t philosoph]s & /atesm51 & 0 e/eem$ & hon\r$ by ! ,emp]or ,hadrian himself4 ,he is said to h liv$ to a good old age1 surr\nd$ by affectionate & eag] disciples1 & to h di$ ) ! same noble simplicity :i* _h m>k$ 8 life4 ,! date ( 8 dea? is z little kn[n z t ( 8 bir?4 ,x only rema9s to give a sket* ( ^? ?\ghts :i*1 poor ?\gh he 01 & despis$1 & a slave1 yet made him de> to ! immortals4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,manual ,,& ,,fragm5ts ,,( ,,epictetus4 ,x is ne>ly c]ta9 t ,epictetus nev] committ$ any ( 8 doctr9es to writ+4 ,l 8 great exempl>4 ,socrates1 he cont5t$ himself ) oral in/ruction1 & ! bulk ( :at has come d[n to u 9 8 "n consi/s 9 ! ,disc\rses reproduc$ = u by 8 pupil ,arrian4 ,x 0 ! ambition ( ,arrian to be to ,epictetus :at ,x5ophon _h be5 to ,socrates1 t is1 to h& d[n to po/]ity a noble & fai?ful picture ( ! mann] 9 :i* 8 ma/] _h liv$ & taught4 ,) ?is view1 he wrote f\r books on ,epictetus1--a life1 :i* is n[ unhappily lo/2 a book ( conv]sation or table talk1 :i* is also lo/2 & two books :i* h come d[n to u1 viz4 ! ,disc\rses & ! ,manual4 ,x is f ^! two invaluable books1 & f a good _m isolat$ fragm5ts1 t we are enabl$ to judge :at 0 ! practical morality ( ,/oicism1 z exp\nd$ by ! holy & upright slave4 ,! ,manual is a k9d ( ab/ract ( ,epictetus's e?ical pr9ciples1 :i*1 ) _m additional illu/rations & ) m expansion1 are also expla9$ 9 ! ,disc\rses4 ,bo? books 7 s popul> t by _! means ,arrian fir/ came into conspicu\s notice1 & ultimately atta9$ ! highe/ em95ce & rank4 ,! ,manual 0 to antiquity :at ! ,imitatio ( ,?omas ,kempis 0 to lat] times1 & :at ,woodhead's ,:ole ,duty ( ,man or ,wilb]=ce's ,practical ,view ( ,*ri/ianity h be5 to l>ge sections ( mod]n ,engli%m54 ,x 0 a cle>1 succ9ct1 & practical /atem5t ( common daily duties1 & ! pr9ciples ^u :i* !y re/4 ,express$ 9 a mann] entirely simple & unornate1 its popul>ity 0 :olly due to ! moral elevation ( ! ?\ghts :i* x express$4 ,epictetus did n aim at /yle2 8 "o aim 0 to excite 8 he>]s to virtue1 & ,arrian tells u t 9 ?is endeav\r he creat$ a deep impression by 8 mann] & voice4 ,x is int]e/+ to "k t ! ,manual 0 widely accept$ among ,*ri/ians no less ?an among ,pagans1 & t1 s late z ! fif? c5tury1 p>aphrases 7 writt5 ( x = ,*ri/ian use4 ,no sy/ematic treatise ( morals s simply beautiful 0 ev] compos$1 & to ?is day ! be/ ,*ri/ian may /udy x1 n ) int]e/ only1 b ) real advantage4 ,x is l ! voice ( ! ,sybil1 :i*1 utt]+ ?+s simple1 & unp]fum$1 & unadorn$1 by ,god's grace rea*e? ?r\gh innum]able ye>s4 ,we proce$ to give a %ort sket* ( its cont5ts4 ,epictetus began by lay+ d[n ! broad compreh5sive /atem5t t !re are "s ?+s :i* are 9 our p[]1 & dep5d ^u ourselves2 o!r ?+s :i* are beyond our p[]1 & :olly indep5d5t ( u4 ,! ?+s :i* are 9 our p[] are our op9ions1 our aims1 our desires1 our av]sions--9 a ^w1 our actions4 ,! ?+s beyond our p[] are bodily accid5ts1 possessions1 fame1 rank1 & :atev] lies beyond ! sph]e ( our actions4 ,to ! =m] ( ^! classes ( ?+s our :ole att5tion mu/ be conf9$4 ,9 t region we may be noble1 unp]turb$1 & free2 9 ! o!r we %all be dep5d5t1 fru/rat$1 qu]ul\s1 mis]able4 ,bo? classes _c be successfully att5d$ to2 !y are antagoni/ic1 antipa!tic2 we _c s]ve ,god & ,mammon4 ,n[1 if we take a "r view ( all ^! ?+s :i* 9 no way dep5d on ourselves we %all reg>d !m z m]e semblances--z %ad[s :i* are to be di/+ui%$ f ! true sub/ance4 ,we %all n look ^u !m z fit subjects = av]sion or desire4 ,s9 & cruelty1 & falsehood we may hate1 because we c avoid !m if we w2 b we mu/ look ^u sickness1 & pov]ty1 & dea? z ?+s :i* are n fit subjects = our avoidance1 because !y lie :olly beyond our control4 ,?is1 !n1--endurance ( ! inevitable1 avoidance ( ! evil--is ! keynote ( ! ,epictetean philosophy4 ,x has be5 summ$ up 9 ! ?ree words1 ,greek3 ,ane*\ kai ape*\1 su/9e et ab/9e1 ,be> & =be>1--be> :atev] ,god assigns to y1 ab/a9 f t :i* ,he =bids4 ,! e>li] "p ( ! ,manual is devot$ to practical advice :i* may enable m5 to endure nobly4 ,= in/ance1 ,if !re be any?+1 says ,epictetus1 :i* y highly value or t5d]ly love1 e/imate at ! same "t its true nature4 ,is x "s possession8 rememb] t x may be de/roy$4 ,is x wife or *ild8 rememb] t !y may die4 ,dea?1 says an epitaph 9 ,*e/] ,ca!dral-- ,dea?1 ! great monitor1 comes (t to prove1 ',tis du/ we dote on1 :5 'tis man we love4 ,desire no?+ too mu*4 ,if y are go+ to ! public ba?s & are annoy$ or h9d]$ by ! rud5ess1 ! pu%+1 ! abuse1 ! ?ievi% prop5sities ( o!rs1 d n lose y\r temp]3 rem9d y\rself t x is m important t y %\ld keep y\r w 9 h>mony ) nature ?an t y %\ld ba!4 ,& s ) all tr\bles2 m5 suff] f> less f ! ?+s !mselves ?an f ! op9ions !y h ( !m4 ,if y _c frame y\r circum/ances 9 accordance ) y\r wi%es1 frame y\r w into h>mony ) y\r circum/ances4#fd ,:5 y lose ! be/ gifts ( life1 consid] !m z n lo/ b only resign$ to ,him :o gave !m4 ,y h a rem$y 9 y\r own he>t aga9/ all trials--cont95ce z a bulw>k aga9/ passion1 pati5ce aga9/ opposition1 =titude aga9/ pa94 ,beg9 ) trifles3 if y are robb$1 rem9d y\rself t y\r peace ( m9d is ( m value & importance ?an ! ?+ :i* has be5 /ol5 f y4 ,foll[ ! guidance ( nature2 t is ! great ?+2 regret no?+1 desire no?+1 :i* c di/urb t end4 ,behave z at a banquet--take ) gratitude & 9 mod]ation :at is set be=e y1 & seek = no?+ m2 a high] & div9] /ep w be to be ready & able to =ego ev5 t :i* is giv5 y1 or :i* y might easily obta94 ,sympa?ise ) o!rs1 at lea/ ext]nally1 :5 !y are 9 sorr[ & mis=tune2 b rememb] 9 y\r own he>t t to ! brave & wise & true !re is really no su* ?+ z mis=tune2 x is b an ugly semblance2 ! croak ( ! rav5 c port5d no h>m to su* a man1 he is elevat$ above its p[]4 ,footnote #fd3 ,:5 :at ?\ wille/ befalls n1 ?\ !n mu/ w :at befalle?4 ,we d n *oose our own p>ts 9 life1 & h no?+ to d ) ^? p>ts2 our simple duty is conf9$ to play+ !m well4 ,! slave may be z free z ! consul2 & fre$om is ! *ief ( bless+s2 x dw>fs all o!rs2 beside x all o!rs are insignificant1 ) x all o!rs become ne$less1 )\t x no o!rs are possible4 ,no "o c insult y if y w n reg>d 8 words or de$s z insults4#fe ,keep y\r eye /eadily fix$ on ! great reality ( dea?1 & all o!r ?+s w %r9k to _! true proportions4 ,z 9 a voyage1 :5 a %ip has come to an*or1 if y h gone out to f9d wat]1 y may amuse y\rself ) pick+ up a little %ell or bulb1 b y mu/ keep y\r att5tion /eadily fix$ ^u ! %ip1 9 case ! capta9 %\ld call1 & !n y mu/ leave all su* ?+s le/ y %\ld be flung on bo>d1 b\nd l %eep4 ,s 9 life2 if1 in/ead ( a little %ell or bulb1 "s wifel+ or *ildl+ be grant$ y1 well & good2 b1 if ! capta9 call1 run to ! %ip & leave su* possessions beh9d y1 n look+ back4 ,b if y be an old man1 take c>e n to g a long di/ance f ! %ip at all1 le/ y %\ld be call$ & come too late4 ,! metaphor is a significant "o1 & p]haps ! foll[+ l9es ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 prefix$ anonym\sly to "o ( ! *apt]s ( ! ,wav]ley ,novels1 may help to ?r[ light ^u x3 ,dea? f9ds u 'mid/ our play?+s2 snat*es u1 ,z a cross nurse might d a wayw>d *ild1 ,f all our toys & baubles--! r\gh call ,unlooses all our fav\rite ties on e>?3 ,& well if !y are su* z may be answ]$ ,9 yond] _w1 :]e all is judg$ ( truly4 ,footnote #fe3 ,comp>e ,c[p]'s ,conv]sation3-- ,am ,i to set my life ^u a ?r[ ,because a be> is rude & surly8--,no4-- ,a mode/1 s5sible1 & well-br$ man ,w n insult me1 & no o!r c4 ,pres]ve y\r j relations to o!r m52 _! misconduct does n affect y\r duties4 ,has y\r fa!r done wrong1 or y\r bro!r be5 unju/8 ,/ill he is y\r fa!r1 he is y\r bro!r2 & y mu/ consid] y\r relation to him1 n :e!r he be wor?y ( x or no4 ,y\r duty t[>ds ! gods is to =m j & true op9ions respect+ !m4 ,believe t !y d all ?+s well1 & !n y ne$ nev] murmur or compla94 ,z rules ( practice1 says ,epictetus1 prescribe to y\rself an ideal1 & !n act up to x4 ,be mo/ly sil5t2 or1 if y conv]se1 d n let x be ab\t vulg> & insignificant topics1 su* z dogs1 horses1 rac+1 or prize-fight+4 ,avoid fooli% & immod]ate laught]1 vulg> ent]ta9m5ts1 impurity1 display1 spectacles1 recitations1 & all egoti/ical rem>ks4 ,set be=e y ! examples ( ! great & good4 ,d n be dazzl$ by m]e appe>ances4 ,d :at is "r q irrespective ( :at p w say or ?9k4 ,rememb] t y\r body is a v small matt] & ne$s b v little2 j z all t ! foot ne$s is a %oe1 & n a dazzl+ ornam5t ( gold1 purple1 or jewell$ embroid]y4 ,to sp5d all "o's "t on ! body1 or on bodily ex]cises1 %[s a weak intellect4 ,d n be fond ( criticis+ o!rs1 & d n res5t _! criticisms ( y4 ,ev]y?+1 he says1 & ?is is "o ( 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic precepts1 has two h&les6 "o by :i* x may be borne1 ! o!r by :i* x _c4 ,if y\r bro!r be unju/1 d n take up ! matt] by t h&le--! h&le ( 8 inju/ice--= t h&le is ! "o by :i* x _c be tak5 up2 b r by ! h&le t he is y\r bro!r & br\ght up ) y2 & !n y w be tak+ x up z x c be borne4 ,all ^! precepts h a g5]al application1 b ,epictetus adds o!rs on ! "r be>+ ( a philosoph]2 t is1 ( "o ^: pr(ess$ ideal is high] ?an ! multitude4 ,he bids him above all ?+s n to be c5sori\s1 & n to be o/5tati\s4 ,fe$ on y\r own pr9ciples2 d n ?r[ !m up to %[ h[ mu* y h eat54 ,be self-d5y+1 b d n boa/ ( x4 ,be indep5d5t & mod]ate1 & reg>d n ! op9ion or c5sure ( o!rs1 b keep a wat* ^u y\rself z y\r own mo/ dang]\s enemy4 ,d n plume y\rself on an intellectual k ( philosophy1 :i* is 9 itself q valueless1 b on a consi/5t nobl5ess ( action4 ,nev] relax y\r ef=ts1 b aim at p]fection4 ,let ev]y?+ :i* seems be/ be to y a law n to be transgress$2 & :5ev] any?+ pa9ful1 or pleasurable1 or glori\s1 or +lori\s1 is set be=e y1 rememb] t n[ is ! /ruggle1 n[ is ! h\r ( ! ,olympian conte/1 & x may n be put (f1 & t by a s+le defeat or yield+ y\r advance 9 virtue may be ei!r secur$ or lo/4 ,x 0 ?us t ,socrates atta9$ p]fection1 by giv+ 8 he>t to reason1 & to reason only4 ,& ?\1 ev5 if z yet ?\ art n a ,socrates1 yet %\ld/ live z ?\gh x 7 ?y wi% to be "o4 ,^! are noble words1 b :o t reads !m w n be rem9d$ ( ^? sacr$ & f> m deeply-rea*+ words1 ,be ye p]fect1 ev5 z y\r ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav5 is p]fect ,behold1 n[ is ! accept$ "t2 behold1 n[ is ! day ( salvation4 ,9 ?is brief sket* we h includ$ all ! mo/ important ?\ghts 9 ! ,manual4 ,x ends 9 ^! words4 ,on all occasions we may keep 9 m9d ^! ?ree s5tim5ts3-- ',lead me1 ,o ,zeus1 & ?\1 ,de/9y1 :i!rsoev] ye h appo9t$ me to g1 = ,i w foll[1 & t )\t delay4 ,%\ld ,i be unwill+1 ,i %all foll[ z a c[>d1 b ,i mu/ foll[ all ! same4' 7,clean!s47 ',:osoev] ha? nobly yield$ to necessity1 ,i hold him wise1 & he kn[e? ! ?+s ( ,god4' 7,euripides47 ,& ?is ?ird "o also1 ',o ,crito1 be x s1 if s be ! w ( heav54 ,anytus & ,melitus c inde$ slay me1 b h>m me !y _c4' 7,socrates47 ,to ?is la/ conception ( life2 quot$ f ! end ( ,plato's ,apology1 ,epictetus recurs else:]e3 ,:at res\rces h we1 he asks1 9 circum/ances ( great p]il8 ,:at o!r ?an ! remembrance ( :at is or :at is n 9 our own p[]2 :at is possible to u & :at is n8 ,i mu/ die4 ,be x s2 b ne$ ,i die groan+8 ,i mu/ be b\nd2 b mu/ ,i be b\nd bewail+8 ,i mu/ be driv5 into exile1 well1 :o prev5t me !n f go+ ) laught]1 & *e]fulness1 & calm ( m9d8 ',betray secrets4' ',inde$ ,i w n1 = t re/s 9 my own h&s4' ',!n ,i w put y 9 *a9s4' ',my good sir1 :at are y talk+ ab\t8 ,put me 9 *a9s8 ,no1 no6 y may put my leg 9 *a9s1 b n ev5 ,zeus himself c ma/] my w4' ',i w ?r[ y into prison4' ',my poor little body2 yes1 no d\bt4' ',i w cut (f y\r head4' ',well did ,i ev] tell y t my head 0 ! only "o :i* c\ld n be cut (f8' ,su* are ! ?+s ( :i* philosoph]s %\ld ?9k1 & write !m daily1 & ex]cise !mselves !re94 ,!re are _m o!r passages 9 :i* ,epictetus %[s t ! free-w ( man is 8 noble/ privilege1 & t we %\ld n sell x = a trifle2 or1 z ,scripture /ill m /]nly expresses x1 %\ld n sell ourselves = n\ght4 ,he relates1 = in/ance1 ! complete failure ( ! ,emp]or ,vespasian to induce ,helvidius ,priscus n to g to ! ,s5ate4 ,:ile ,i am a ,s5ator1 said ,helvidius1 ,i mu/ g4 ,well1 !n1 at lea/ be sil5t !re4 ,ask me no que/ions1 & ,i w be sil5t4 ,b ,i mu/ ask y\r op9ion4 ,& ,i mu/ say :at is "r4 ,b ,i w put y to dea?4 ,did ,i ev] tell y ,i 0 immortal8 ,d y\r "p1 & ,i w d m9e4 ,x is y\rs to kill me1 m9e to die untrembl+2 y\rs to bani% me1 m9e to g into bani%m5t )\t grief4 ,we see f ^! rem>kable extracts t ! wise/ ( ! hea!n _h1 by ,god's grace1 atta9$ to ! s5se t life 0 subject to a div9e guidance4 ,yet h[ dim 0 _! vision ( ?is tru?1 h[ insecure _! hold ^u x1 9 comp>ison ) t :i* ! meane/ ,*ri/ian may atta96 ,!y nev] def9itely grasp$ ! doctr9e ( immortality4 ,!y nev] q got rid ( a haunt+ dread t p]haps1 aft] all1 !y might be no?+ bett] ?an insignificant & unhe$$ atoms1 swept hi!r & ?i!r 9 ! mighty eddies ( an unse51 imp]sonal1 my/]i\s ag5cy1 & de/9$ h]eaft] to be seal$ amid ! iron hills1 or ,to be imprison$ 9 ! viewless w9ds4 ,& bl[n ) reckless viol5ce ab\t ,! p5d5t _w4 ,_! belief 9 a p]sonal deity 0 confus$ ) _! belief 9 nature1 :i*1 9 ! language ( a mod]n sceptic1 acts ) fe>ful uni=mity3 /]n z fate1 absolute z tyranny1 m]ciless z dea?2 too va/ to praise1 too inexorable to propitiate1 x has no e> = pray]1 no he>t = sympa?y1 no arm to save4 ,h[ diff]5t ! soo?+ & t5d] c]ta9ty ( ! ,*ri/ian's hope1 = :om ,*ri/ has br\ght life & immortality to light6 ,= *ance is n only ! daught] ( =e?\ght1 z ! old ,greek lyric poet calls h]1 b ! daught] also ( love4 ,h[ diff]5t ! pray] ( ,david1 ev5 9 ! h\rs ( 8 wor/ agony & %ame1 ,let ,?y lov+ ,_s lead me =? into ! l& ( righte\sness4 ,guidance1 & guidance by ! h& ( love1 0--z ev5 9 t d>k season he recognis$--! v law ( 8 life2 & 8 s\l1 purg$ by affliction1 _h b a s+le wi%--! wi% to be l$1 n into prosp]ity1 n into a recov]y ( 8 lo/ glory1 n ev5 into ! re/oration ( 8 lo/ innoc5ce2 b only1--?r\gh pa?s h[ev] h>d--only into ! l& ( righte\sness4 ,& because he knew t ,god w\ld lead him ?i!rw>d1 he _h no wi%1 no c>e = any?+ beyond4 ,we w end ?is *apt] by translat+ a few ( ! isolat$ fragm5ts ( ,epictetus :i* h be5 pres]v$ = u by o!r writ]s4 ,! wisdom & beauty ( ^! fragm5ts w int]e/ ! read]1 = ,epictetus 0 "o ( ! few 9 ! v du/ ( ^: ?\ghts 0 gold4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a life entangl$ ) accid5t is l a w9try torr5t1 = x is turbul5t1 & f\l ) mud1 & impassable1 & tyrann\s1 & l\d1 & brief4 ,a s\l t dwells ) virtue is l a p]5nial spr+2 = x is pure1 & limpid1 & refre%ful1 & invit+1 & s]viceable1 & ri*1 & innoc5t1 & un9juri\s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if y wi% to be good8 fir/ believe t y are bad4 ,comp>e ,matt4 ix4 #ab1 ,!y t be :ole ne$ n a physician1 b !y t are sick2 ,john ix4 #da1 ,n[ ye say1 ,we see1 !re=e y\r s9 rema9e?2 & #a ,john i4 #h1 ,if we say t we h no s91 we deceive ourselves1 & ! tru? is n 9 u4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is base = "o :o sweet5s t :i* he dr9ks ) ! gifts ( bees1 to embitt] by vice 8 reason1 :i* is ! gift ( ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no?+ is mean] ?an ! love ( pleasure1 ! love ( ga91 & insol5ce3 no?+ nobl] ?an high-m9d$ness1 & g5tl5ess1 & philan?ropy1 & do+ good4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! v9e be>s ?ree clu/]s3 ! fir/ ( pleasure2 ! second ( drunk5ness2 ! ?ird ( insult4 ,he is a drunk>d :o dr9ks m ?an ?ree cups2 ev5 if he be n drunk51 he has exce$$ mod]ation4 ,our own ,george ,h]b]t has laid d[n ! same limit3-- ,be n a bea/ 9 c\rtesy1 b /ay1 ,/ay at ! ?ird cup1 or =ego ! place1 ,w9e above all ?+s do? ,god's /amp deface4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l ! beacon-lights 9 h>b\rs1 :i*1 k9dl+ a great blaze by means ( a few fagots1 af=d suffici5t aid to vessels t w&] ov] ! sea1 s1 also1 a man ( bright "* 9 a /orm-toss$ city1 himself cont5t ) little1 effects great bless+s = 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,! ?\ght is n unlike t ( ,%akespe>e3 ,h[ f> yon little c&le ?r[s its beams1 ,s %9es a good de$ 9 a naughty _w4 ,b ! metaphor :i* ,epictetus m commonly adopts is "o no less beautiful4 ,:at good1 ask$ "s "o1 did ,helvidius ,priscus d 9 resi/+ ,vespasian1 be+ b a s+le p]son8 ,:at good1 answ]s ,epictetus1 does ! purple d on ! g>m5t8 ,:y1 x is spl5did 9 itself1 & spl5did also 9 ! example :i* x af=ds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z ! sun does n wait = pray]s & incantations t he may rise1 b %9es at once1 & is greet$ by all2 s nei!r wait ?\ = applause1 & %\ts1 & eulogies1 t ?\ may/ d well2--b be a spontane\s b5efactor1 & ?\ %alt be belov$ l ! sun4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?ales1 :5 ask$ :at 0 ! commone/ ( all possessions1 answ]$1 ',hope2 = ev5 ^? :o h no?+ else h hope4' ,lead1 lead me on1 my hopes1 says ,mr4 ,macdonald2 ,i "k t ye are true & n va94 ,vani% f my eyes day aft] day1 b arise 9 new =ms4 ,i w foll[ y\r holy deception2 foll[ till ye h br\ght me to ! feet ( my ,fa!r 9 heav51 :]e ,i %all f9d y all1 ) fold$ w+s1 spangl+ ! sapphire dusk :]eon /&s ,8 ?rone :i* is our home4 ,:at ought n to be done d n ev5 ?9k ( do+4 ,comp>e ,gu>d well y\r ?\ghts = ?\ghts are he>d 9 heav54' 99 99 99 99 99 ,epictetus1 :5 ask$ h[ a man c\ld grieve 8 enemy1 repli$1 ,by prep>+ himself to act 9 ! noble/ way4 ,comp>e ,rom4 xii4 #bj1 ,if ?9e enemy hung]1 fe$ him2 if he ?ir/1 give him dr9k3 = 9 s do+ ?\ %all heap coals ( fire on 8 head 99 99 99 99 99 ,if y always rememb] t 9 all y d 9 s\l or body ,god /&s by z a witness1 9 all y\r pray]s & y\r actions y w n err2 & y %all h ,god dwell+ ) y4 ,comp>e ,rev4 iii4 #cj1 ,behold ,i /& at ! door & knock3 if any man he> my voice1 & op5 ! door1 ,i w come 9 to him & w sup ) him1 & he ) me4 ,9 ! disc\rse writt5 to prove t ,god keeps wat* ^u human actions1 ,epictetus t\*es aga9 on ! same topic1 say+ t ,god has plac$ beside ea* "o ( u 8 own gu>dian _s--a _s t sleeps n & _c be beguil$--& has h&$ u ea* ov] to t _s to protect u4 ,& to :at bett] or m c>eful gu>dian c\ld ,he h entru/$ u8 ,s t :5 y h clos$ y\r doors & made d>kness )91 rememb] nev] to say t y are alone4 ,= y are n alone4 ,god1 too1 is pres5t !re1 & y\r gu>dian _s2 & :at ne$ h !y ( light to see :at y are do+4 ,!re is 9 ?is passage an almo/ />tl+ co9cid5ce ( ?\ght ) ^? eloqu5t words 9 ! ,book ( ,ecclesia/icus3 ,a man t breake? w$lock1 say+ ?us 9 8 he>t1 ,:o see? me8 ,i am compass$ ab\t ) d>kness1 ! walls cov] me1 & nobody see? me3 :at ne$ ,i to fe>8 ! ,mo/ ,highe/ w n rememb] my s9s3 su* a man only fe>e? ! eyes ( man1 & kn[e? n t ! eyes ( ! ,"l are t5 ?\s& times bright] ?an ! sun1 behold+ all ! ways ( m51 & consid]+ ! mo/ secret p>ts4 ,he knew all ?+s ere ev] !y 7 creat$3 s also aft] !y 7 p]fect$ ,he look$ ^u all4 ,?is man %all be puni%$ 9 ! /reets ( ! city1 & :]e he expecte? n he %all be tak54 7,ecclus4 xxiii4 #aa-ba47 ,:5 we 7 *ildr51 our p>5ts entru/$ u to a tutor :o kept a cont9ual wat* t we might n suff] h>m2 b1 :5 we gr[ to manhood1 ,god h&s u ov] to an inborn consci5ce to gu>d u4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 by no means despise ?is gu>dian%ip1 s9ce 9 t case we %all bo? be displeas+ to ,god & enemies to our own consci5ce4 ,beautiful & rem>kable z ^! fragm5ts are we h no space = m1 & mu/ conclude by comp>+ ! la/ ) ! celebrat$ l9es ( ,george ,h]b]t3-- ,"l6 ) :at c>e ha/ ,?\ begirt u r\nd2 ,p>5ts fir/ season u4 ,!n s*oolma/]s ,deliv] u to laws4 ,!y s5d u b\nd ,to rules ( reason4 ,holy mess5g]s2 ,pulpits & ,sundays1 sorr[ dogg+ s92 ,afflictions sort$2 angui% ( all sizes2 ,f9e nets & /ratagems to cat* u 96 ,bibles laid op52 millions ( surprises2 ,bless+s be=eh&2 ties ( gratefulness2 ,! s\nd ( glory r++ 9 our e>s2 ,)\t "o %ame2 )9 our consci5ces2 ,angels & grace2 et]nal hopes & fe>s6 ,yet all ^! f5ces & _! :ole array1 ,"o cunn+ bosom s9 bl[s q away4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,disc\rses ,,( ,,epictetus4 ,! ,disc\rses ( ,epictetus1 z orig9ally publi%$ by ,arrian1 conta9$ eight books1 ( :i* only f\r h come d[n to u4 ,!y are 9 _m respects ! mo/ valuable expression ( 8 views4 ,!re is some?+ slightly repell5t 9 ! /]n concision1 ! imp]i\s brevity1 ( ! ,manual4 ,9 ! ,manual1 says ,m4 ,m>?a1#ff ! reason ( ! ,/oic proclaims its laws ) an impassibility :i* is little human2 x imposes sil5ce on all ! passions1 ev5 ! mo/ respectable2 x glories 9 wag+ aga9/ !m an int]nec9e w>1 & seems ev5 to wi% to repress ! mo/ legitimate impulses ( g5]\s s5sibility4 ,9 read+ ^! rigor\s maxims "o might be tempt$ to believe t ?is legislator ( morality is a man )\t a he>t1 &1 if we 7 n t\*$ by ! orig9al s9c]ity ( ! language1 "o w\ld only see 9 ?is lapid>y /yle ! conv5tional precepts ( a *im]ical sy/em or ! aspirations ( an impossible p]fection4 ,! ,disc\rses are m illu/rative1 m argum5tative1 m diffuse1 m human4 ,9 read+ !m "o feels oneself face to face ) a human be+1 n ) ! m>ble /atue ( ! ideal wise man4 ,! /yle1 inde$1 is simple1 b its a?letic nudity is well suit$ to ?is militant morality2 its picturesque & incisive "*1 its vigor\s metaphors1 its vulg> expressions1 its abs5ce ( all conv5tional elegance1 display a c]ta9 plebeian orig9ality :i* gives !m an almo/ autobiographic *>m4 ,) tr5*ant logic & intrepid conviction he wre/les ) ! passions1 que/ions !m1 makes !m answ]1 & conf\nds !m 9 a few words :i* are (t5 sublime4 ,?is ,socrates )\t grace does n amuse u by mak+ 8 adv]s>y fall into ! long entanglem5t ( a capti\s dialogue1 b he rudely seizes & (t5 f9i%es him ) two bl[s4 ,x is l ! eloqu5ce ( ,phocion1 :i* ,demo/h5es comp>es to an axe :i* is lift$ & falls4 ,footnote #ff3 ,morali/es s\s l',empire1 p4 #bjj4 ,epictetus1 l ,s5eca1 is a prea*]2 a prea*] ) less weal? ( g5ius1 less eloqu5ce ( expression1 less wid? ( culture1 b ) f> m brav]y1 cle>ness1 consi/5cy1 & grasp ( 8 subject4 ,8 doctr9e & 8 life 7 s+ul>ly homog5e\s1 & 8 views admit ( brief expression1 = !y are n weak5$ by any fluctuations1 or *equ]$ ) any lights & %ades4 ,! ,disc\rses diff] f ! ,manual only 9 _! mann]1 _! frequ5t anecdotes1 _! po9t$ illu/rations1 & _! vivid int]locutory =m4 ,! rem>k ( ,pascal1 t ,epictetus knew ! gr&eur ( ! human he>t1 b did n "k its weakness1 applies to ! ,manual b c h>dly be ma9ta9$ :5 we judge him by "s ( ! answ]s :i* he gave to ^? :o came to seek = 8 consolation or advice4 ,! ,disc\rses are n sy/ematic 9 _! "*1 &1 ev5 if !y 71 ! loss ( ! la/ f\r books w\ld prev5t u f work+ out _! sy/em ) any complet5ess4 ,our sket* ( ! ,manual w already h put ! read] 9 possession ( ! ma9 pr9ciples & ideas ( ,epictetus2 ) ! m5tal & physical philosophy ( ! s*ools he did n 9 any way conc]n himself2 x 0 8 aim to be a moral prea*]1 to ennoble ! lives ( m5 & t\* _! he>ts4 ,he nei!r plagi>is$ nor inv5t$1 b he gave to ,/oicism a practical reality4 ,all t rema9s = u to d is to *oose f ! ,disc\rses "s ( 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic views1 & ! modes by :i* he br\ght !m home to 8 he>]s4 ,x 0 "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial peculi>ities ( ,/oicism to aim at absolute indep5d5ce1 or self-indep5d5ce4 ,n[1 z ! weaknesses & s]vilities ( m5 arise mo/ frequ5tly f _! desire = sup]fluities1 ! true man mu/ absolutely get rid ( any su* desire4 ,he mu/ increase 8 weal? by mod]at+ 8 wi%es2 he mu/ despise all ! luxuries = :i* m5 long1 & he mu/ greatly dim9i% ! numb] ( suppos$ necess>ies4 ,we h already se5 "s ( ! argum5ts :i* po9t 9 ?is direction1 & we may add ano!r f ! ?ird book ( ,disc\rses4 ,a c]ta9 magnific5t orator1 :o 0 go+ to ,rome on a lawsuit1 _h call$ on ,epictetus4 ,! philosoph] ?rew cold wat] on 8 visit1 because he did n believe 9 8 s9c]ity4 ,y w get no m f me1 he said1 ?an y w\ld get f any cobbl] or gre5groc]1 = y h only come because x happ5$ to be conv5i5t1 & y w only criticise my /yle1 n really wi%+ to le>n pr9ciples ,well1 b1 answ]$ ! orator1 if ,i att5d to t sort ( ?+1 ,i %all be a m]e paup] l y1 ) no plate1 or equipage1 or l&4 ,i don't want su* ?+s1 repli$ ,epictetus2 &1 besides1 y are poor] ?an ,i am1 aft] all4 ,:y1 h[ s8 ,y h no con/ancy1 no unanimity ) nature1 no fre$om f p]turbations4 ,patron or no patron1 :at c>e ,i8 ,y d c>e4 ,i am ri*] ?an y4 ,i don't c>e :at ,caes> ?9ks ( me4 ,i flatt] no "o4 ,?is is :at ,i h in/ead ( y\r silv] & gold plate4 ,y h silv] vessels1 b e>!nw>e reasons1 pr9ciples1 appetites4 ,my m9d to me a k+dom is1 & x furni%es me abundant & happy occupation 9 lieu ( y\r re/less idl5ess4 ,all y\r possessions seem small to y1 m9e seem great to me4 ,y\r desire is insatiate1 m9e is satisfi$4 ,! comp>ison ) :i* he ends ! discussion is v rem>kable4 ,i once _h ! privilege ( he>+ ,sir ,william ,hook] expla9 to ! late ,que5 ,adelaide ! cont5ts ( ! ,kew ,museum4 ,among !m 0 a cocoa-nut ) a hole 9 x1 & ,sir ,william expla9$ to ! ,que5 t 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,india1 :5 ! natives want to cat* ! monkeys !y make holes 9 cocoa-nuts1 & fill !m ) sug>4 ,! monkeys ?ru/ 9 _! h&s & fill !m ) sug>2 ! ap]ture is too small to draw ! paws out aga9 :5 ?us increas$ 9 size2 ! monkeys h n ! s5se to loose _! hold ( ! sug>1 & s !y are caught4 ,?is little anecdote w enable ! read] to reli% ! illu/ration ( ,epictetus4 ,:5 little boys ?ru/ _! h&s into n>r[-m\!d j>s full ( figs & almonds1 :5 !y h fill$ _! h&s !y _c draw !m out aga91 & s beg9 to h[l4 ,let g a few ( ! figs & almonds1 & y'll get y\r h& out4 ,& s y1 let g y\r desires4 ,don't desire _m ?+s1 & y'll get :at y d desire4 ,bless$ is he t expecte? no?+1 = he %all n be disappo9t$6 ,ano!r ( ! con/ant precepts ( ,epictetus is t we %\ld aim high2 we are n to be common ?reads 9 ! wo( ( life1 b l ! laticlave on ! robe ( a s5ator1 ! broad purple /ripe :i* gave lu/re & beauty to ! :ole4 ,b h[ are we to "k t we are qualifi$ = ?is high function8 ,h[ does ! bull "k1 :5 ! lion approa*es1 t x is 8 place to expose himself = all ! h]d8 ,if we h high p[]s we %all soon be consci\s ( !m1 & if we h !m n we may gradually acquire !m4 ,no?+ great is produc$ at once1--! v9e mu/ blossom1 & be> fruit1 & rip51 be=e we h ! purple clu/]s ( ! grape1--fir/ ! blade1 !n ! e>1 aft] t ! full corn 9 ! e>4 ,b :5ce are we to d]ive ?is high s5se ( duty & possible em95ce8 ,:y1 if ,caes> _h adopt$ y1 w\ld y n %[ y\r pr\d s5se ( ennoblem5t 9 haughty looks2 h[ is x t y are n pr\d ( be+ sons ( ,god8 ,y h1 inde$1 a body1 by virtue ( :i* _m m5 s9k into close k9%ip ) p]nici\s wolves1 & savage lions1 & crafty foxes1 de/roy+ ! rational )9 !m1 & s becom+ gre$y cattle or mis*iev\s v]m92 b above & beyond ?is1 ,if1 says ,epictetus1 a man h once be5 wor?ily int]p5etrat$ ) ! belief t we all h be5 9 "s special mann] born ( ,god1 & t ,god is ! ,fa!r ( gods & m51 ,i ?9k t he w nev] h any ignoble1 any humble ?\ghts ab\t himself4 ,our own great ,milton has h>dly express$ ?is high tru? m nobly :5 he says1 t ,he t holds himself 9 rev]5ce & due e/eem1 bo? = ! dignity ( ,god's image ^u him1 & = ! price ( 8 r$emption1 :i* he ?9ks is visibly m>k$ ^u 8 =ehead1 acc\nts himself bo? a fit p]son to d ! noble/ & godlie/ de$s1 & mu* bett] wor? ?an to deject & defile1 ) su* a debasem5t & pollution z s9 is1 himself s highly ransom$1 & ennobl$ to a new fri5d%ip & filial relation ) ,god4 ,& h[ are we to "k t we h made progress8 ,we may "k x if our own wills are b5t to live 9 con=mity ) nature2 if we be noble1 free1 fai?ful1 humble2 if desir+ no?+1 & %unn+ no?+ :i* lies beyond our p[]1 we sit loose to all e>?ly int]e/s2 if our lives are "u ! di/9ct gov]nance ( immutable & noble laws4 ,b %all we n meet ) tr\bles 9 life8 ,yes1 und\bt$ly2 & are !re none at ,olympia8 ,are y n burnt ) heat1 & press$ = room1 & wett$ ) %[]s :5 x ra9s8 ,is !re n m ?an en\gh clam\r1 & %\t+1 & o!r tr\bles8 ,yet ,i suppose y tol]ate & endure all ^! :5 y balance !m aga9/ ! magnific5ce ( ! spectacle8 ,&1 come n[1 h y n receiv$ p[]s :]e) to be> :atev] occurs8 ,h y n receiv$ magnanimity1 c\rage1 =titude8 ,& :y1 if ,i am magnanim\s1 %\ld ,i c>e = any?+ t c possibly happ58 :at %all al>m or tr\ble me1 or seem pa9ful8 ,%all ,i n use ! faculty = ! ends = :i* x 0 grant$ me1 or %all ,i grieve & groan at all ! accid5ts ( life8 ,on ! contr>y1 ^! tr\bles & difficulties are /rong antagoni/s pitt$ aga9/ u1 & we may conqu] !m1 if we w1 9 ! ,olympic game ( life4 ,b if life & its burd5s become absolutely intol]able1 may we n g back to ,god1 f :om we came8 may we n %[ ?ieves & robb]s1 & tyrants :o claim p[] ov] u by means ( our bodies & possessions1 t !y h no p[]8 ,9 a ^w1 may we n commit suicide8 ,we "k h[ ,%akespe>e treats ?is "q3-- ,= :o w\ld be> ! :ips & scorns ( "t1 ,?' oppressor's wrong1 ! pr\d man's contumely1 ,! pangs ( despis$ love1 ! law's delay1 ,! insol5ce ( (fice1 & ! spurns ,:i* pati5t m]it ( ! unwor?y takes1 ,:5 he himself might 8 quietus make ,) a b>e bodk98 ,:o w\ld ^! f>dels be>1 ,to grunt & sweat "u a we>y life1 ,b t ! dread ( some?+ aft] dea?1 ,! undiscov]$ c\ntry f ^: b\rne ,no travell] returns1 puzzles ! w3 ,& makes u r be> ^? ills we h ,?an fly to o!rs t we "k n (8 ,b ,epictetus _h no mat]ials = su* an answ]4 ,i d n rememb] a s+le passage 9 :i* he ref]s to immortality or ! life to come1 & x is !re=e probable ei!r t he did n believe 9 x at all1 or t he put x aside z "o ( ^? ?+s :i* are out ( our own p[]4 ,yet 8 answ] is n t glorification ( suicide :i* we f9d ?r\gh\t ! trag$ies ( ,s5eca1 & :i* 0 "o ( ! commonplaces ( ,/oicism4 ,my fri5ds1 he says1 wait ,god's good "t till ,he gives y ! signal1 & dismisses y f ?is s]vice2 !n dismiss y\rself to g to ,him4 ,b = ! pres5t re/ra9 y\rselves1 inhabit+ ! spot :i* ,he has at pres5t assign$ y4 ,=1 aft] all1 ?is "t ( y\r soj\rn "h is %ort1 & easy = ^? :o are ?us dispos$2 = :at tyrant1 or ?ief1 or judgm5t-halls1 are objects ( dread to ^? :o ?us absolutely dise/eem ! body & its belong+s8 ,/ay1 !n1 & d n dep>t )\t due cause4 ,x w be se5 t ,epictetus p]mits suicide )\t extoll+ x1 = 9 ano!r place 7ii4 #a7 he says3 ,:at is pa98 ,a m]e ugly mask2 turn x1 & see t x is s4 ,?is little fle% ( ours is act$ on r\ghly1 & !n aga9 smoo?ly4 ,if x is n = y\r int]e/ to be> x1 ! door is op52 if x is = y\r int]e/--endure4 ,x is "r t "u all circum/ances ! door %\ld be op51 s9ce s m5 end all tr\ble4 ,?is p[] ( endurance is completely ! keynote ( ! ,/oical view ( life1 & ! me?od ( atta9+ to x1 by practis+ contempt = all ext]nal accid5ts1 is con/antly inculcat$4 ,i h already told ! anecdote ab\t ,agripp9us by :i* ,epictetus admir+ly %[s t no extreme ( necess>y mis=tune c\ld wr+ f ! true ,/oic a s+le expression ( indignation or ( sorr[4 ,! inevitable1 !n1 9 ! view ( ! ,/oics1 comes f ,god1 & x is our duty n to murmur aga9/ x4 ,b ?is be+ ! guid+ conception z reg>ds ourselves1 h[ are we to treat o!rs8 ,"h1 too1 our duties spr+ directly f our relation to ,god4 ,x is t relation :i* makes u rev]5ce ourselves1 x is t :i* %\ld make u hon\r o!rs4 ,slave6 w y n be> ) y\r own bro!r1 :o1 has ,god = 8 fa!r no less ?an y8 ,b !y are wick$1 p]haps--?ieves & murd]]s4 ,be x s1 !n !y des]ve all ! m pity4 ,y don't ext]m9ate ! bl9d or deaf because ( _! mis=tunes1 b y pity !m3 & h[ mu* m to be piti$ are wick$ m58 ,don't execrate !m4 ,are y y\rself s v wise8 ,nor are ! precepts ( ,epictetus all ab/ract pr9ciples2 he (t5 pauses to give def9ite rules ( conduct & practice4 ,no?+1 = in/ance1 c exce$ ! wisdom ) :i* he speaks ( habits 7ii4 #ah71 & ! be/ means ( acquir+ good habits & conqu]+ evil ones4 ,he po9ts out t we are ! creatures ( habit2 t e s+le act is a def9ite gra9 9 ! s&-multitude ( influ5ces :i* make up our daily life2 t ea* "t we are angry or evil-incl9$ we are add+ fuel to a fire1 & virul5ce to ! se$s ( a disease4 ,a fev] may be cur$1 b x leaves ! heal? weak]2 & s also is x ) ! diseases ( ! s\l4 ,!y leave _! m>k beh9d !m4 ,take ! in/ance ( ang]4 ,d y wi% n to be passionate8 d n !n *]i% ! habit )9 y1 & d n add any /imulant !reto4 ,be calm at fir/1 & !n numb] ! days 9 :i* y h n be5 9 a rage4 ,i us$ to be angry e day1 n[ x is only e o!r day1 !n e ?ird1 !n e f\r? day4 ,b %\ld y h pass$ ev5 ?irty days )\t a relapse1 !n (f] a sacrifice to ,god4 ,= ! habit is fir/ loos5$1 !n utt]ly eradicat$4 ',i did n yield to vexation today1 nor ! next day1 nor s on = two or ?ree mon?s1 b ,i re/ra9$ myself "u v>i\s provocations4' ,be sure1 if y c say t1 t x w soon be all "r ) y4 ,b h[ is "o to d all ?is8 t is ! great "q1 & ,epictetus is q ready to give y ! be/ answ] he c4 ,we h1 = in/ance1 already quot$ "o passage 9 :i* 7unlike ! majority ( ,pagan morali/s7 he %[s t he has ?or\ghly ma/]$ ! e?ical importance ( controll+ ev5 ! ?\ght ( wick$ness4 ,ano!r anecdote ab\t ,agripp9us w fur!r illu/rate ! same doctr9e4 ,x 0 ! wick$ practice ( ,n]o to make noble ,romans appe> on ! /age or 9 gladiatorial %[s1 9 ord] t he might ?us seem to h _! sanction = 8 own degrad+ displays4 ,on "o occasion ,florus1 :o 0 d\bt+ :e!r or n he %\ld obey ! m&ate1 consult$ ,agripp9us on ! subject4 ,g by all means1 repli$ ,agripp9us4 ,b :y don't y g1 !n8 ask$ ,florus4 ,because1 said ,agripp9us1 ,i d n delib]ate ab\t x4 ,he impli$ by ?is answ] t to hesitate is to yield1 to delib]ate is to be lo/2 we mu/ act always on pr9ciples1 we mu/ nev] pause to calculate consequ5ces4 ,b if ,i don't g1 object$ ,florus1 ,i %all h my head cut (f4 ,well1 !n1 g1 b ,i won't4 ,:y won't y g8 ,because ,i d n c>e to be ( a piece ) ! common ?read ( life2 ,i l to be ! purple sewn ^u x4 ,& if we want a due motive = su* l(ty *oice ,epictetus w supply x4 ,wi%1 he says1 to w9 ! suffrages ( y\r own inw>d approval1 wi% to appe> beautiful to ,god4 ,desire to be pure ) y\r own pure self1 & ) ,god4 ,& :5 any evil fancy assails y1 ,plato says1 ',g to ! rites ( expiation1 g z a suppliant to ! temples ( ! gods1 ! av]t]s ( evil4' ,b x w be en\gh %\ld y ev5 rise & dep>t to ! society ( ! noble & ! good1 to live accord+ to _! examples1 :e!r y h any su* fri5d among ! liv+ or among ! dead4 ,g to ,socrates1 & gaze on 8 utt] ma/]y ov] temptation & passion2 consid] h[ glori\s 0 ! consci\s victory ov] himself6 ,:at an ,olympic triumph6 ,h[ ne> does x place him to ,h]cules himself4' ,s t1 by heav51 "o might ju/ly salute him1 ',hail1 m>vell\s conqu]or1 :o ha/ conqu]$1 n ^! mis]able box]s & a?letes1 nor ^! gladiators :o resemble !m4' ,& %\ld y ?us be accu/om$ to tra9 y\rself1 y w see :at %\ld]s y w get1 :at n]ves1 :at s9ews1 in/ead ( m]e babblem5ts1 & no?+ m4 ,?is is ! true a?lete1 ! man :o tra9s himself to deal ) su* semblances z ^!4 ,great is ! /ruggle1 div9e ! de$2 x is = k+dom1 = fre$om1 = tranquillity1 = peace4 ,?9k on ,god2 call ^u ,him z ?9e aid & *ampion1 z sailors call on ! ,great ,tw9 ,bre?r5 9 ! /orm4 ,& inde$ :at /orm is great] ?an t :i* rises f p[]ful semblances t da% reason out ( its c\rse8 ,:at inde$ b semblance is a /orm itself8 ,s9ce1 come n[1 remove ! fe> ( dea?1 & br+ z _m ?und]s & lightn+s z ?\ wilt1 & ?\ %alt "k h[ great is ! tranquillity & calm 9 t reason :i* is ! rul+ faculty ( ! s\l4 ,b %\ld y once be wor/$1 & say t y w conqu] h]eaft]1 & !n ! same aga9 & aga91 "k t ?us y\r condition w be vile & weak1 s t at ! la/ y w n ev5 "k t y are do+ wrong1 b y w ev5 beg9 to provide excuses = y\r s92 & !n y w confirm ! tru? ( t say+ ( ,hesiod1-- ',! man t procra/9ates /ruggles ev] ) ru94' ,ev5 s6 ,s e>ly did a hea!n morali/ le>n ! solemn fact t only ?is once ends 9 !re is no h>m 9 x4 ,well does ,mr4 ,cov5try ,patmore s+3-- ,h[ easy to keep free f s92 ,h[ h>d t fre$om to recall2 ,= awful tru? x is t m5 ,=get ! heav5 f :i* !y fall4 ,9 ano!r place ,epictetus w>ns u1 h[ev]1 n to be too easily disc\rag$ 9 our attempts aft] good2--&1 above all1 nev] to despair4 ,9 ! s*ools ( ! wre/l+ ma/]1 :5 a boy falls he is bidd5 to get up aga91 & to g on wre/l+ day by day till he has acquir$ /r5g?2 & we mu/ d ! same1 & n be l ^? poor wret*es :o aft] "o failure suff] !mselves to be swept along z by a torr5t4 ,y ne$ b w he says1 & x is done2 b if y relax y\r ef=ts1 y w be ru9$2 = ru9 & recov]y are bo? f )94--,& :at w y ga9 by all ?is8 ,y w ga9 mode/y = inpud5ce1 purity = vil5ess1 mod]ation = drunk5ness4 ,if y ?9k !re are any bett] ends ?an ^!1 !n by all means g on 9 s91 = y are beyond ! p[] ( any god to save4 ,b ,epictetus is p>ticul>ly 9 e>ne/ ab\t w>n+ u t to pr(ess ^! pr9ciples & talk ab\t !m is "o ?+--to act up to !m q ano!r4 ,he draws a humor\s picture ( an inconsi/5t & unreal philosoph]1 :o--aft] eloqu5tly prov+ t no?+ is good b :at p]ta9s to virtue1 & no?+ evil b :at p]ta9s to vice1 & t all o!r ?+s are indiff]5t--goes to sea4 ,a /orm comes on1 & ! ma/s creak1 & ! philosoph] screams2 & an imp]t95t p]son /&s by & asks 9 surprise1 ,is x !n vice to suff] %ipwreck8 because1 if n1 x c be no evil2 a "q :i* makes our philosoph] s angry t he is incl9$ to fl+ a log at 8 int]locutor's head4 ,b ,epictetus /]nly tells him t ! philosoph] nev] 0 "o at all1 except 9 "n2 t z he sat 9 ! s*ools puff$ up by homage & adulation1 8 innate c[>dice & conceit 7 b hidd5 "u borr[$ plumes2 & t 9 him ! "n ( ,/oic 0 usurp$4 ,:y1 he asks 9 ano!r passage1 :y d y call y\rself a ,/oic8 ,:y d y deceive ! multitude8 ,:y d y act ! ,jew :5 y are a ,greek8 ,don't y see on :at t]ms ea* p]son is call$ a ,jew8 or a ,syrian8 or an ,egyptian8 ,& :5 we see "s m]e trimm] we are 9 ! habit ( say+1 ',?is is no ,jew2 he is only act+ ! "p ( "o1' b :5 a man takes up ! entire condition ( a proselyte1 ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ,jewi% doctr9es1 !n he bo? is 9 reality & is call$ a ,jew4 ,s we philosoph]s too1 dipp$ 9 a false dye1 are ,jews 9 "n1 b 9 reality are some?+ else4444 ,we call ourselves philosoph]s :5 we _c ev5 play ! "p ( m51 z ?\gh a man %\ld try to heave ! /one ( ,ajax :o _c lift t5 p\nds4 ,! passage is int]e/+ n only on its own acc\nt1 b because ( its curi\s simil>ity bo? ) ! language & ) ! s5tim5t ( ,/4 ,paul--,he is n a ,jew :o is "o outw>dly1 nei!r is t circumcision :i* is outw>d 9 ! fle%1 b he is a ,jew :o is "o inw>dly2 & circumcision is t ( ! he>t1 9 ! _s & n 9 ! latt]2 ^: praise is n ( m51 b ( ,god4 ,! be/ way to become a philosoph] 9 de$ is n by a m]e /udy ( books & k ( doctr9es1 b by a /eady dilig5ce ( actions & adh]5ce to orig9al pr9ciples1 to :i* mu/ be add$ consi/5cy & self control4 ,^! pr9ciples1 says ,epictetus1 produce fri5d%ip 9 a h\se1 unanimity 9 a city1 peace 9 nations2 !y make a man grateful to ,god1 bold "u all circum/ances1 z ?\gh deal+ ) ?+s ali5 & valueless4 ,n[ we are capable ( writ+ ^! ?+s1 & read+ !m1 & prais+ !m :5 !y are read1 b we are f> en\gh (f foll[+ !m4 ,h5ce comes x t ! reproa* ( ! ,lac$aemonians1 t !y are 'lions at home1 foxes at ,ephesus1' w also apply to u2 9 ! s*ool we are lions1 out ( x foxes4 ,^! passages include1 ,i ?9k1 all ! mo/ orig9al1 important1 & *>act]i/ic conceptions :i* are to be f\nd 9 ! ,disc\rses4 ,!y are mo/ prom95tly illu/rat$ 9 ! long & important *apt] on ! ,cynic philosophy4 ,a g5u9e ,cynic--"o :o 0 s1 n 9 brutality ( mann]s or o/5tation ( rabid ecc5tricity1 b a ,cynic 9 life & 9 8 inmo/ pr9ciples--0 evid5tly 9 ! eyes ( ,epictetus "o ( ! l(tie/ ( human be+s4 ,he drew a sket* ( 8 ideal conception to "o ( 8 s*ol>s :o inquir$ ( him ^u ! subject4 ,he beg9s by say+ t a true ,cynic is s l(ty a be+ t he :o und]takes ! pr(ession )\t due qualifications k9dles aga9/ him ! ang] ( heav54 ,he is l a scurril\s ,!rsites1 claim+ ! imp]ial (fice ( an ,agamemnon4 ,if y ?9k1 he tells ! "y /ud5t1 t y c be a ,cynic m]ely by we>+ an old cloak1 & sleep+ on a h>d b$1 & us+ a wallet & /aff1 & begg+1 & rebuk+ e "o :om y see effem9ately dress$ or we>+ purple1 y don't "k :at y are ab\t--get y gone2 b if y "k :at a ,cynic really is1 & ?9k y\rself capable ( be+ "o1 !n consid] h[ great a ?+ y are und]tak+4 ,fir/ z to y\rself4 ,y mu/ be absolutely resign$ to ! w ( ,god4 ,y mu/ conqu] e passion1 abrogate e desire4 ,y\r life mu/ be transp>5tly op5 to ! view ( ,god & man4 ,o!r m5 conceal _! actions ) h\ses1 & doors1 & d>kness1 & gu>ds2 y\r h\se1 y\r door1 y\r d>kness1 mu/ be a s5se ( holy %ame4 ,y mu/ conceal no?+2 y mu/ h no?+ to conceal4 ,y mu/ be kn[n z ! spy & mess5g] ( ,god among mank9d4 ,y mu/ tea* m5 t happ9ess is n !re1 :]e 9 _! bl9dness & mis]y !y seek x4 ,x is n 9 /r5g?1 = ,myro & ,(ellius 7 n happy3 n 9 weal?1 = ,croesus 0 n happy3 n 9 p[]1 = ! ,consuls are n happy3 n 9 all ^! toge!r1 = ,n]o1 & ,s>danapalus1 & ,agamemnon sigh$1 & wept1 & tore _! hair1 & 7 ! slaves ( circum/ances & ! dupes ( semblances4 ,x lies 9 y\rselves3 9 true fre$om1 9 ! abs5ce or conque/ ( e ignoble fe>2 9 p]fect self-gov]nm5t2 9 a p[] ( cont5tm5t & peace1 & ! 'ev5 fl[ ( life' amid pov]ty1 exile1 disease1 & ! v valley ( ! %ad[ ( dea?4 ,c y face ?is ,olympic conte/8 ,are y\r !ws & s9ews /rong en\gh8 ,c y face ! fact t ^? :o are defeat$ are also disgrac$ & :ipp$8 ,only by ,god's aid c y atta9 to ?is4 ,only by ,8 aid c y be beat5 l an ass1 & yet love ^? :o beat y1 pres]v+ an un%ak5 unanimity 9 ! mid/ ( circum/ances :i* to o!r m5 w\ld cause tr\ble1 & grief1 & disappo9tm5t1 & despair4 ,! ,cynic mu/ le>n to d )\t fri5ds1 = :]e c he f9d a fri5d wor?y ( him1 or a k+ wor?y ( %>+ 8 moral sceptre8 ,! fri5d ( ! truly noble mu/ be z truly noble z himself1 & su* a fri5d ! g5u9e ,cynic _c hope to f9d4 ,nor mu/ he m>ry2 m>riage is "r & hon\rable 9 o!r m51 b its entanglem5ts1 its exp5ses1 its di/ractions1 w\ld r5d] impossible a life devot$ to ! s]vice ( heav54 ,nor w he m+le 9 ! affairs ( any commonweal?3 8 commonweal? is n ,a!ns or ,cor9?1 b mank9d4 ,9 p]son he %\ld be /rong1 & robu/1 & hale1 & 9 spite ( 8 indig5ce always clean & attractive4 ,tact & intellig5ce1 & a p[] ( swift rep>tee1 are necess>y to him4 ,8 consci5ce mu/ be cle> z ! sun4 ,he mu/ sleep purely1 & wake /ill m purely4 ,to abuse & insult he mu/ be z ins5sible z a /one1 & he mu/ place all fe>s & desires b5ea? 8 feet4 ,to be a ,cynic is to be ?is3 be=e y attempt x delib]ate well1 & see :e!r by ! help ( ,god y are capable ( a*iev+ x4 ,i h giv5 a sket* ( ! doctr9es ( ?is l(ty *apt]1 b fully to enjoy its morality & eloqu5ce ! read] %\ld /udy x entire1 & obs]ve its g5]\s impati5ce1 its noble ard\r1 its vivid int]rogations1 9 :i*1 says ,m4 ,m>?a1 "o feels z x 7 a fr5zy ( virtue & ( piety1 & 9 :i* ! pl5itude ( a great he>t tumultu\sly precipitates a torr5t ( holy ?\ghts4 ,epictetus 0 n a ,*ri/ian4 ,he has only once allud$ to ! ,*ri/ians 9 8 works1 & !re x is "u ! opprobri\s title ( ,galileans1 :o practis$ a k9d ( ins5sibility 9 pa9ful circum/ances & an indiff]5ce to worldly int]e/s :i* ,epictetus unju/ly sets d[n to m]e habit4 ,unhappily x 0 n grant$ to ^! hea!n philosoph]s 9 any true s5se to "k :at ,*ri/ianity 04 ,!y ignorantly ?\ght t x 0 an attempt to imitate ! results ( philosophy1 )\t hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! necess>y discipl9e4 ,!y view$ x ) suspicion1 !y treat$ x ) inju/ice4 ,& yet 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & 9 ,*ri/ianity alone1 !y w\ld h f\nd an ideal :i* w\ld h surpass$ _! l(tie/ conceptions4 ,nor 0 x only an impossible ideal2 x 0 an ideal r5d]$ atta9able by ! impressive sanction ( ! highe/ au?ority1 & "o :i* support$ m5 to be> ! difficulties ( life ) =titude1 ) peacefulness1 & ev5 ) an inw>d joy2 x ennobl$ _! faculties )\t ov]/ra9+ !m2 x enabl$ !m to disreg>d ! burd5 ( pres5t trials1 n by va9ly attempt+ to d5y _! bitt]ness or ignore _! weight1 b 9 ! high c]ta9ty t !y are ! brief & necess>y prelude to a f> m exce$+ & et]nal weight ( glory4 ,,m>cus ,,aurelius4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,education ,,( ,,an ,,emp]or4 ,! life ( ! noble/ ( ,pagan ,emp]ors may well foll[ t ( ! noble/ ( ,pagan slaves4 ,_! glory %9es ! pur] & bright] f ! mid/ ( a corrupt & deplorable society4 ,epictetus %[$ t a ,phrygian slave c\ld live a life ( ! l(tie/ exaltation2 ,aurelius prov$ t a ,roman ,emp]or c\ld live a life ( ! deepe/ humility4 ,! "o--a =eign]1 feeble1 de=m$1 ignorant1 born 9 squalor1 br$ 9 degradation1 ! despis$ *attel ( a despicable fre$man1 surr\nd$ by e depress+1 ignoble1 & pitiable circum/ance ( life--%[$ h[ "o :o seem$ born to be a wret* c\ld w9 noble happ9ess & immortal memory2 ! o!r--a ,roman1 a patrician1 /rong1 ( heav5ly beauty1 ( noble ance/ors1 almo/ born to ! purple1 ! fav\rite ( ,emp]ors1 ! greate/ conqu]]1 ! greate/ philosoph]1 ! greate/ rul] ( 8 "t-prov$ = ev] t x is possible to be virtu\s1 & t5d]1 & holy1 & cont5t$ 9 ! mid/ ( sadness1 ev5 on an irresponsible & imp]ial ?rone4 ,/range t1 ( ! two1 ! ,emp]or is ev5 sweet]1 m simple1 m admirable1 m humbly & t\*+ly resign$1 ?an ! slave4 ,9 him1 ,/oicism loses all its haughty self-ass]tion1 all its impracticable p>adox1 = a manly melan*oly :i* at once tr\bles & *>ms ! he>t4 ,x seems1 says ,m4 ,m>?a1 t 9 him ! philosophy ( hea!ndom gr[s less pr\d1 draws ne>] & ne>] to a ,*ri/ianity :i* x ignor$ or :i* x despis$1 & is ready to fl+ itself into ! arms ( ! ',unkn[n ,god4' ,9 ! sad ,m$itations ( ,aurelius we f9d a pure s]5ity1 sweetness1 & docility to ! comm&s ( ,god1 :i* be=e him 7 unkn[n1 & :i* ,*ri/ian grace has alone surpass$4 ,if he has n yet atta9$ to *>ity 9 all t fulness ( mean+ :i* ,*ri/ianity has giv5 to ! ^w he has already ga9$ its unction1 & "o _c read 8 book1 unique 9 ! hi/ory ( ,pagan philosophy1 )\t ?9k+ ( ! sadness ( ,pascal & ! g5tl5ess ( ,fnlon4 ,we mu/ pause be=e ?is s\l1 s l(ty & s pure1 to contemplate anci5t virtue 9 its s(te/ brilliancy1 to see ! moral delicacy to :i* pr(ane doctr9es h atta9$--h[ !y laid d[n _! pride1 & h[ p5etrat+ a grace !y h f\nd 9 _! new simplicity4 ,to make ! example yet m /rik+1 ,provid5ce1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,/oics1 does no?+ by *ance1 det]m9$ t ! example ( ^! simple virtues %\ld bloom 9 ! mid/ ( all human gr&eur--t *>ity %\ld be taught by ! successor ( blood /a9$ ,caes>s1 & humbl5ess ( he>t by an ,emp]or4 ,aurelius has always ex]cis$ a p[]ful fasc9ation ov] ! m9ds ( em95t m5 ,if y set aside1 = a mom5t1 ! contemplation ( ! ,*ri/ian v]ities1 says ! eloqu5t & ?\ghtful ,montesquieu1 se>* ?r\gh\t all nature1 & y w n f9d a gr&] object ?an ! ,anton9es4444 ,"o feels a secret pleasure 9 speak+ ( ?is ,emp]or2 "o _c read 8 life )\t a s(t5+ feel+ ( emotion4 ,he produces su* an effect ^u our m9ds t we ?9k bett] ( ourselves1 because he inspires u ) a bett] op9ion ( mank9d4 ,x is m delightful1 says ! great hi/orian ,niebuhr1 to speak ( ,m>cus ,aurelius ?an ( any man 9 hi/ory2 = if !re is any sublime human virtue x is 84 ,he 0 c]ta9ly ! noble/ "* ( 8 "t1 & ,i "k no o!r man :o comb9$ su* unaffect$ k9dness1 mildness1 & humility1 ) su* consci5ti\sness & sev]ity t[>ds himself4 ,we possess innum]able bu/s ( him1 = e ,roman ( 8 "t 0 anxi\s to possess 8 portrait1 & if !re is any:]e an expression ( virtue x is 9 ! heav5ly features ( ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,m>cus ,aurelius 0 born on ,april #bf1 ,a4,d4 #aba4 ,8 m correct designation w\ld be ,m>cus ,anton9us1 b s9ce he bore sev]al diff]5t names at diff]5t p]iods ( 8 life1 & s9ce at t age no?+ 0 m common ?an a *ange ( designation1 x is h>dly wor? :ile to alt] ! "n by :i* he is mo/ popul>ly recognis$4 ,8 fa!r1 ,annius ,v]us1 :o di$ 9 8 ,praetor%ip1 drew 8 blood f a l9e ( illu/ri\s m5 :o claim$ desc5t f ,numa1 ! second ,k+ ( ,rome4 ,8 "m1 ,domitia ,calvilla1 0 also a lady ( consul> & k+ly race4 ,! "* ( bo? seems to h be5 wor?y ( _! high dignity4 ,( 8 fa!r he c h kn[n little1 s9ce ,annius di$ :5 ,aurelius 0 a m]e infant2 b 9 8 ,m$itations he has left u a grateful memorial ( bo? 8 p>5ts4 ,he says t f 8 gr&fa!r he le>n$ 7or1 might h le>n$7 good morals & ! gov]nm5t ( 8 temp]2 f ! reputation & remembrance ( 8 fa!r1 mode/y & manl9ess2 f 8 "m1 piety1 & b5efic5ce1 & ab/95ce n only f evil de$s1 b ev5 f evil ?\ghts2 &1 fur!r1 simplicity ( life f> remov$ f ! habits ( ! ri*4 ,! *ildhood & boyhood ( ,aurelius fell dur+ ! reign ( ,hadrian4 ,! times 7 bett] ?an ^? :i* we h contemplat$ 9 ! reigns ( ! ,caes>s4 ,aft] ! suicide ( ,n]o & ! brief reigns ( ,galba & ,o?o1 ! ,roman _w _h brea!d m freely = a "t "u ! r\gh good hum\r ( ,vespasian & ! philosophic virtue ( ,titus4 ,! reign ( ,domitian1 inde$1 :o succe$$ 8 bro!r ,titus1 0 sc>cely less t]rible & infam\s ?an t ( ,caius or ( ,n]o2 b t pr9ce1 %ortly be=e 8 murd]1 _h dreamt t a gold5 neck _h gr[n out ( 8 own1 & int]pret$ ! dream to indicate t a bett] race ( pr9ces %\ld foll[ him4 ,! dream 0 fulfill$4 ,:atev] may h be5 _! o!r faults1 ,n]va1 ,trajan1 ,hadrian1 7 wise & k9d-he>t$ rul]s2 ,anton9us ,pius & ,m>cus ,aurelius 7 among ! v g5tle/ & noble/ sov]eigns :om ! _w has ev] se54 ,hadrian1 ?\gh an able1 indefatigable1 &1 on ! :ole1 b5eficial ,emp]or1 0 a man ^: "* 0 /a9$ ) s]i\s faults4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 greatly to 8 hon\r t he recogniz$ 9 ,aurelius1 at ! e>ly age ( six ye>s1 ! g]ms ( ^? extraord9>y virtues :i* aft]w>ds bless$ ! empire & elevat$ ! s5tim5ts ( mank9d4 ,hadrian's bad & s9ful habits left him1 says ,niebuhr1 :5 he gaz$ on ! sweetness ( t innoc5t *ild4 ,play+ on ! boy's pat]nal "n ( ,v]us1 he call$ him ,v]issimus1 '! mo/ true4' ,x is int]e/+ to f9d t ?is trait ( "* 0 s e>ly develop$ 9 "o :o ?\ght t all m5 %\ld speak z !y ?9k1 ) an acc5t ( h]oic v]ity4 ,t[>d ! end ( 8 long reign1 worn out ) disease & we>9ess1 ,hadrian1 be+ *ildless1 _h adopt$ z 8 son ,l4 ,ceionius ,commodus1 a man :o _h few recomm5dations b 8 p]sonal beauty4 ,^u 8 dea?1 :i* took place a ye> aft]w>ds1 ,hadrian1 assembl+ ! s5ators r\nd 8 sick b$1 adopt$ & pres5t$ to !m z _! future ,emp]or ,arrius ,anton9us1 bett] kn[n by ! surname ( ,pius1 :i* he won by 8 gratitude to ! memory ( 8 pr$ecessor4 ,_h ,aurelius be5 old]--he 0 !n b sev5te5--x is kn[n t ,hadrian w\ld h *os5 him1 & n ,anton9us1 = 8 heir4 ,! latt]1 inde$1 :o 0 !n fifty-two ye>s old1 0 only select$ on ! express condition t he %\ld 9 turn adopt bo? ,m>cus ,aurelius & ! son ( ! deceas$ ,ceionius4 ,?us1 at ! age ( sev5te51 ,aurelius1 :o1 ev5 f 8 infancy1 _h be5 load$ ) conspicu\s di/9ctions1 saw himself ! ackn[l$g$ heir to ! empire ( ! _w4 ,we are happily able1 ma9ly f 8 own writ+s1 to give "s sket* ( ! influ5ces & ! education :i* _h =m$ him = ?is exalt$ /ation4 ,he 0 br\ght up 9 ! h\se ( 8 gr&fa!r1 a man :o _h be5 ?ree times consul4 ,he makes x a matt] ( congratulation1 & ?ankfulness to ! gods1 t he _h n be5 s5t to any public s*ool1 :]e he w\ld h run ! risk ( be+ ta9t$ by t frightful corruption into :i*1 = _m ye>s1 ! ,roman y\? _h fall54 ,he expresses a s5se ( obligation to 8 great-gr&fa!r = hav+ suppli$ him ) good tea*]s at home1 & = ! conviction t on su* ?+s a man %\ld sp5d lib]ally4 ,!re 0 no?+ jeal\s1 b>r51 or illib]al1 9 ! tra9+ he receiv$4 ,he 0 fond ( box+1 wre/l+1 runn+2 he 0 an admirable play] at ball1 & he 0 fond ( ! p]il\s excitem5t ( hunt+ ! wild bo>4 ,?us1 8 heal?y sports1 8 s]i\s /udies1 8 moral in/ruction1 8 public dignities & duties1 all contribut$ to =m 8 "* 9 a beautiful & manly m\ld4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 ?ree respects 9 :i* 8 education seems especially wor?y ( notice2--,i mean ! dilig5ce1 ! gratitude1 & ! h>d9ess 9 :i* he 0 enc\rag$ by o!rs1 & :i* he practis$ ) all ! ard\r ( g5]\s conviction4 #a4 ,9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w1 ,aurelius 0 dilig5t4 ,he alludes m ?an once 9 8 ,m$itations to ! ine/imable value ( "t1 & to 8 ard5t desire to ga9 m leisure = intellectual pursuits4 ,he flung himself ) 8 usual undeviat+ /$fa/ness ( purpose into e bran* ( /udy1 & ?\gh he delib]ately ab&on$ rhetoric1 he toil$ h>d at philosophy1 at ! discipl9e ( arms1 at ! adm9i/ration ( bus9ess1 & at ! difficult /udy ( ,roman jurisprud5ce4 ,"o ( ! acquisitions = :i* he expresses gratitude to 8 tutor ,ru/icus1 is t ( read+ c>efully1 & n be+ satisfi$ ) ! sup]ficial und]/&+ ( a book4 ,9 fact1 s /r5u\s 0 8 lab\r1 & s great 8 ab/emi\sness1 t 8 heal? suff]$ by ! comb9ation ( ! two4 #b4 ,8 op5+ rem>ks %[ t he rememb]$ all 8 tea*]s--ev5 ! mo/ insignificant--) s9c]e gratitude4 ,he reg>d$ ea* "o ( !m z a man f :om some?+ c\ld be le>nt1 & f :om he actually did le>n t some?+4 ,h5ce ! hon\rable respect--a respect z hon\rable to himself z to !m--:i* he paid to ,fronto1 to ,ru/icus1 to ,julius ,proculus1 & o!rs :om 8 noble & consci5ti\s gratitude rais$ to ! highe/ dignities ( ! ,/ate4 ,he ev5 ?anks ! gods t he made ha/e to place ^? :o br\ght him up 9 ! /ation ( hon\r :i* !y seem$ to desire1 )\t putt+ !m (f ) m]e hopes ( 8 do+ x "s "t aft]1 because !y 7 !n /ill "y4 ,he 0 f> ! sup]ior ( ^! m51 n only socially b ev5 morally & intellectually2 yet f ! height ( 8 exalt$ rank & "* he delight$ to associate ) !m on ! mo/ fri5dly t]ms1 & to treat !m1 ev5 till 8 dea?1 ) affection & hon\r1 to place _! lik5esses among 8 h\sehold gods1 & visit _! sepul*res ) wrea?s & victims4 #c4 ,8 h>d9ess & self-d5ial 7 p]haps /ill m rem>kable4 ,i wi% t ^? boys ( our day1 :o ?9k x undignifi$ to travel second-class1 :o dress 9 ! extreme ( fa%ion1 we> roses 9 _! buttonholes1 & sp5d ^u ices & /rawb]ries :at w\ld ma9ta9 a poor man = a ye>1 w\ld le>n h[ inf9itely m noble 0 ! ab/95ce ( ?is "y ,roman1 :o ?\gh born 9 ! mid/ ( spl5d\r & luxury1 le>nt f ! fir/ to loa! ! petty vice ( gluttony1 & to despise ! unmanl9ess ( self-indulg5ce4 ,v e>ly 9 life he jo9$ ! glori\s fell[%ip ( ^? :o e/eem x n only a duty b a pleasure ,to scorn delights1 & live labori\s days1 & _h le>nt endurance ( lab\r1 & to want little1 & to "w ) 8 own h&s4 ,9 8 elev5? ye> he became acqua9t$ ) ,diognetus1 :o fir/ introduc$ him to ! ,/oic philosophy1 & 9 8 twelf? ye> he assum$ ! ,/oic dress4 ,?is philosophy taught him to pref] a plank b$ & sk91 & :atev] else ( ! k9d belongs to ! ,grecian discipl9e4 ,x is said t ! sk9 0 a concession to ! entreaties ( 8 "m1 & t ! "y philosoph] himself w\ld h *os5 to sleep on ! b>e bo>ds or on ! gr\nd4 ,yet he act$ ?us )\t self-ass]tion & )\t o/5tation4 ,8 fri5ds f\nd him always *e]ful2 & 8 calm features1--9 :i* a dignity & ?\ghtfulness ( _s contra/$ ) ! bloom & beauty ( a pure & hon\rable boyhood1--7 nev] ov]%ad[$ ) ill-temp] or ) gloom4 ,! gu>dians ( ,m>cus ,aurelius _h ga!r$ ar\nd him all ! mo/ di/+ui%$ lit]>y tea*]s ( ! age4 ,nev] _h a pr9ce a great] numb] ( em95t in/ructors2 nev] 7 any tea*]s made happy by a m grateful1 a m humble1 a m blameless1 a m truly royal & glori\s pupil4 ,long ye>s aft] 8 education _h ceas$1 dur+ 8 campaign among ! ,quadi1 he wrote a sket* ( :at he ow$ to !m4 ,?is sket* =ms ! fir/ book ( 8 ,m$itations1 & is *>act]is$ ?r\gh\t by ! mo/ unaffect$ simplicity & mode/y4 ,! ,m$itations ( ,m>cus ,aurelius 7 9 fact 8 private di>y1 !y are a noble soliloquy ) 8 own he>t1 an hone/ exam9ation ( 8 own consci5ce2 !re is n ! slighte/ trace ( _! hav+ be5 int5d$ = any eye b 8 own4 ,9 !m he 0 act+ on ! pr9ciple ( ,/4 ,augu/9e3 ,g up into ! tribunal ( ?y consci5ce1 & set ?yself be=e ?yself4 ,he 0 ev] be>+ ab\t-- ,a sil5t c\rt ( ju/ice 9 himself1 ,himself ! judge & jury1 & himself ,! prison] at ! b>4 ,& writ+ amid all ! c>es & di/ractions ( a w> :i* he dete/$1 he av]t$ 8 eyes f ! manifold we>9esses :i* daily vex$ 8 s\l1 & calmly sat d[n to m$itate on all ! great qualities :i* he _h obs]v$1 & all ! good lessons t he might h le>nt f ^? :o _h in/ruct$ 8 boyhood1 & surr\nd$ 8 manly ye>s4 ,& :at _h he le>nt8--le>nt he>tily to admire1 & 7we may say7 le>nt to practise also8 ,a sket* ( 8 fir/ book w %[ u4 ,:at he _h ga9$ f 8 imm$iate p>5ts we h se5 already1 & we w make a brief ab/ract ( 8 o!r obligations4 ,f 8 gov]nor--to :i* ( 8 tea*]s ?is "n applies we are n sure--he _h le>nt to avoid factions at ! races1 to "w h>d1 & to avoid li/5+ to sl&]2 f ,diognetus1 to despise frivol\s sup]/itions1 & to practise self-d5ial2 f ,apollonius1 undeviat+ /ead9ess ( purpose1 endurance ( mis=tune1 & ! reception ( fav\rs )\t be+ humbl$ by !m2 f ,sextus ( ,*a]onea 7a gr&son ( ! celebrat$ ,plut>*71 tol]ance ( ! ignorant1 gravity )\t affectation1 & b5evol5ce ( he>t2 f ,alex&]1 delicacy 9 correct+ o!rs2 f ,sev]us1 a disposition to d good1 & to give to o!rs readily1 & to *]i% good hope1 &1 to believe t ,i am belov$ ( my fri5ds2 f ,maximus1 sweetness & dignity1 & to d :at 0 set be=e me )\t compla9+2 f ,alex&] ! ,platonic1 n frequ5tly to say to any "o1 nor to write 9 a lett]1 t ,i h no leisure2 nor cont9ually to excuse ! neglect ( ord9>y duties by alleg+ urg5t occupations4 ,to "o or two o!rs 8 obligations 7 /ill m *>act]i/ic & important4 ,f ,ru/icus1 = in/ance1 an excell5t & able man1 ^: advice = ye>s he 0 accu/om$ to respect1 he _h le>nt to despise sophi/ry & display1 to write ) simplicity1 to be easily pacifi$1 to be accurate1 &--an ine/imable b5efit ?is1 & "o :i* t+$ ! col\r ( 8 :ole life--to become acqua9t$ ) ! ,disc\rses ( ,epictetus4 ,& f 8 adoptive fa!r1 ! great ,anton9us ,pius1 he _h d]iv$ advantages /ill m consid]able4 ,9 him he saw ! example ( a sov]eign & /atesman firm1 self-controll$1 mode/1 fai?ful1 & ev5 temp]$2 a man :o despis$ flatt]y & hat$ meanness2 :o hon\r$ ! wise & di/+ui%$ ! m]itori\s2 :o 0 indiff]5t to contemptable trifles1 & indefatigable 9 e>ne/ bus9ess2 "o1 9 %ort1 :o _h a p]fect & inv9cible s\l1 :o1 l ,socrates1 0 able bo? to ab/a9 f & to enjoy ^? ?+s :i* _m are too weak to ab/a9 f & _c enjoy )\t excess4 #fg ,piety1 s]5ity1 sweetness1 disreg>d ( empty fame1 calmness1 simplicity1 pati5ce1 are virtues :i* he attributes to him 9 ano!r full-l5g? portrait 7vi4 #cj7 :i* he concludes ) ! words1 ,imitate all ?is1 t ?\ maye/ h z good a consci5ce :5 ?y la/ h\r comes z he _h4 ,footnote #fg3 ,my quotations f ,m>cus ,aurelius w be made 7by p]mission7 f ! =cible & admirably accurate translation ( ,mr4 ,long4 ,9 ?ank+ ,mr4 ,long1 ,i may be all[$ to add t ! ,engli% read] w f9d 9 8 v]sion ! be/ means ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ! pure/-& noble/ book ( antiquity4 ,he concludes ^! rem9isc5ses ( ?ankfulness ) a summ>y ( :at he ow$ to ! gods4 ,& = :at does he ?anks ! gods8 = be+ weal?y1 & noble1 & an emp]or8 ,nay1 = no vulg> or dubi\s bless+s su* z ^!1 b = ! guidance :i* tra9$ him 9 philosophy1 & = ! grace :i* kept him f s94 ,& "h x is t 8 g5u9e mode/y comes out4 ,z ! excell5t div9e us$ to say :5 he saw a crim9al l$ pa/ = execution1 ,!re1 b = ! grace ( ,god1 goes ,john ,brad=d1 s1 aft] ?ank+ ! gods = ! goodness ( all 8 family & relatives1 ,aurelius says1 ,fur!r1 ,i owe x to ! gods t ,i 0 n hurri$ into any (f5ce aga9/ any ( !m1 ?\gh ,i _h a disposition :i*1 if opportunity _h (f]$1 might h l$ me to d some?+ ( ?is k9d2 b ?r\gh _! fav\r !re nev] 0 su* a concurr5ce ( circum/ances z put me to ! trial4 ,fur!r1 t ,i 0 subject$ to a rul] & fa!r :o took away all pride f me1 & taught me t x 0 possible to live 9 a palace )\t gu>ds1 or embroid]$ dresses1 or tor*es1 & /atues1 & su*-l %[1 b to live v ne> to ! fa%ion ( a private p]son1 )\t be+ ei!r mean 9 ?\ght or remiss 9 action2 t aft] hav+ fall5 into amatory passions ,i 0 cur$2 t ?\gh x 0 my "m's fate to die "y1 %e sp5t ! la/ ye>s ( h] life ) me2 t :5ev] ,i wi%$ to help any man1 ,i 0 nev] told t ,i _h n ! means ( do+ x2--t ,i _h abundance ( good ma/]s = my *ildr53 = all ^! ?+ require ! help ( ! gods & =tune4 ,! :ole ( ! ,emp]or's ,m$itations des]ve ! pr(\nd /udy ( ?is age4 ,! self-d5ial :i* !y display is a rebuke to our ev]-gr[+ luxury2 _! g5]osity contra/s fav\rably ) ! increas+ bitt]ness ( our cynicism2 _! cont5t$ acquiesc5ce 9 ,god's w rebukes our incessant re/lessness2 above all1 _! con/ant elevation %ames t multitude ( little vices1 & little meannesses1 :i* lie l a scurf ov] ! conv5tionality ( mod]n life4 ,b ?is e>li] *apt] has also a special value = ! "y4 ,x (f]s a picture :i* x w\ld inde$ be bett] = !m & = u if !y c\ld be induc$ to /udy4 ,if ev5 "u ,t fi]ce light t beats ^u ! ?rone1 ! life ( ,m>cus ,aurelius %[s no moral /a91 x is /ill m rem>kable t ! free & beautiful boyhood ( ?is ,roman pr9ce _h e>ly le>nt to recognise only ! excell5ces ( 8 tea*]s1 _! pati5ce & firmness1 _! b5evol5ce & sweetness1 _! integrity & virtue4 ,amid ! frightful univ]sality ( moral corruption he pres]v$ a /a9less consci5ce & a mo/ pure s\l2 he ?ank$ ,god 9 language :i* brea!s ! mo/ cry/all9e delicacy ( s5tim5t & language1 t he _h pres]v$ un9jur$ ! fl[] ( 8 e>ly life1 & t "u ! calm influ5ces ( 8 home 9 ! c\ntry1 & ! /udies ( philosophy1 he _h le>nt to value *a/ity z ! sacr$ girdle ( y\?1 to be reta9$ & hon\r$ to 8 late/ ye>s4 ,surely1 says ,mr4 ,c>lyle1 a day is com+ :5 x w be kn[n aga9 :at virtue is 9 purity & cont95ce ( life2 h[ div9e is ! blu% ( "y human *eeks2 h[ high1 b5efic5t1 /]nly inexorable is ! duty laid on e creature 9 reg>d to ^! p>ticul>s4 ,well1 if su* a day nev] come1 !n ,i p]ceive mu* else w nev] come4 ,magnanimity & dep? ( insight w nev] come2 h]oic purity ( he>t & ( eye2 noble pi\s val\r to am5d u & ! age ( bronze & lacqu]s1 h[ c !y ev] come8 ,! sc&al\s bronze-lacqu] age ( hungry animalisms1 spiritual impot5cies1 & m5dacities w h to run its c\rse till ! pit swall[ x4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,?\ghts ,,( ,,m>cus ,,aurelius4 ,on ! dea? ( ,hadrian 9 ,a4 ,d4 #ach1 ,anton9us ,pius succe$$ to ! ?rone1 &1 9 accordance ) ! late ,emp]or's conditions1 adopt$ ,m>cus ,aurelius & ,lucius ,commodus4 ,m>cus _h be5 betro!d at ! age ( fifte5 to ! si/] ( ,lucius ,commodus1 b ! new ,emp]or broke (f ! engagem5t1 & betro!d him in/ead to 8 daught] ,fau/9a4 ,! m>riage1 h[ev]1 0 n celebrat$ till sev5 ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,a4,d4 #adf4 ,! long reign ( ,anton9us ,pius is "o ( ^? happy p]iods t h no hi/ory4 ,an almo/ unbrok5 peace reign$ at home & abroad4 ,taxes 7 light5$1 calamities reliev$1 in=m]s disc\rag$2 confiscation 7 r>e1 plots & executions 7 almo/ unkn[n4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ext5t ( 8 va/ doma9 ! p lov$ & valu$ _! ,emp]or1 & ! ,emp]or's "o aim 0 to fur!r1 ! happ9ess ( 8 p4 ,he1 too1 l ,aurelius1 _h le>nt t :at 0 good = ! bee 0 good = ! hive4 ,he /rove to live z ! civil adm9i/rator1 ( an unaggressive & unit$ republic2 he dislik$ w>1 did n value ! milit>y title ( ,imp]ator1 & nev] deign$ to accept a triumph4 ,) ?is wise & em95t pr9ce1 :o 0 z amiable 9 8 private relations z he 0 admirable 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 public duties1 ,m>cus ,aurelius sp5t ! next tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( 8 life4 ,s close & intimate 0 _! union1 s completely did !y reg>d ea* o!r z fa!r & son1 t dur+ all t p]iod ,aurelius nev] slept m ?an twice away f ! h\se ( ,anton9us4 ,!re 0 n a %ade ( jeal\sy betwe5 !m2 ea* 0 ! fri5d & advis] ( ! o!r1 &1 s f> f reg>d+ 8 de/9$ heir ) suspicion1 ! ,emp]or gave him ! designation ,caes>1 & heap$ ^u him all ! hon\rs ( ! ,roman ,commonweal?4 ,x 0 9 va9 t ! :isp] ( malignant tongues attempt$ to %ake ?is mutual confid5ce4 ,anton9us once saw ! "m ( ,aurelius 9 e>ne/ pray] be=e ! /atue ( ,apollo4 ,:at d y ?9k %e is pray+ = s int5tly8 ask$ a wret*$ mis*ief-mak] ( ! "n ( ,val]ius ,omulus3 x is t y may die1 & h] son reign4 ,?is wick$ sugge/ion might h driv5 a pr9ce ( mean] "* into viol5ce & disgu/1 b ,anton9us pass$ x ov] ) ! sil5ce ( contempt4 ,x 0 ! ma9 delight ( ,anton9us to enjoy ! quiet ( 8 c\ntry villa4 ,unlike ,hadrian1 :o trav]s$ imm5se regions ( 8 va/ dom9ion1 ,anton9us liv$ entirely ei!r at ,rome1 or 9 8 beautiful villa at ,lorium1 a little seacoa/ village ab\t twelve miles f ! capital4 ,9 ?is villa he _h be5 born1 & "h he di$1 surr\nd$ by ! rem9isc5ces ( 8 *ildhood4 ,9 ?is 8 real home x 0 8 special pleasure to lay aside ! pomp & burd5 ( 8 imp]ial rank4 ,he did n1 says ,m>cus1 take ! ba? at unseasonable h\rs2 he 0 n fond ( build+ h\ses1 nor curi\s ab\t :at he eat1 nor ab\t ! texture & col\r ( 8 clo!s1 nor ab\t ! beauty ( 8 slaves4 ,ev5 ! dress he wore 0 ! "w ( ! prov9cial arti/ 9 8 little native place4 ,s f> f *eck+ ! philosophic ta/es ( 8 adopt$ son he fo/]$ !m1 & s5t = ,apollonius ( ,*alcis to be 8 tea*] 9 ! doctr9es ( ,/oicism4 ,9 "o ( 8 notes to ,fronto1 ,m>cus draws ! picture ( _! simple c\ntry occupations & amusem5ts4 ,hunt+1 fi%+1 box+1 wre/l+1 occupi$ ! leisure ( ! two pr9ces1 & !y %>$ ! ru/ic fe/ivities ( ! v9tage4 ,i h d9$1 he writes1 on a little bread4444 ,we p]spir$ a great deal1 %\t$ a great deal1 & left "s glean+s ( ! v9tage hang+ on ! trellis "w4444 ,:5 ,i got home ,i /udi$ a little1 b n to mu* advantage ,i _h a long talk ) my "m1 :o 0 ly+ on h] c\*4 ,:o kn[s h[ mu* ,aurelius & h[ mu* ! _w may h ga9$ f su* conv]sation z ?is ) a "m f :om he _h le>nt to hate ev5 ! ?\ght ( evil8 ,nor w any "o despise ! simplicity ( he>t :i* made him m+le ) ! peasants z an amateur v9tag]1 unless he is s ta/eless & s morose z to ?9k ) scorn ( ,scipio & ,laelius z !y ga!r$ %ells on ! sea%ore1 or ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 z he play$ at horses ) 8 little boys on all-f\rs4 ,! capability ( unb5d+ ?us1 ! g5u9e *e]fulness :i* ent]s at due times into simple amusem5ts1 has be5 f\nd n r>ely 9 ! highe/ & pure/ m9ds4 ,= _m ye>s no incid5t ( importance broke ! ev5 t5or ( ,aurelius's life4 ,he liv$ peaceful1 happy1 prosp]\s1 & belov$1 wat*+ )\t envy ! increas+ ye>s ( 8 adopt$ fa!r4 ,b 9 ! ye> #afa1 :5 ,m>cus 0 n[ =ty ye>s old1 ,anton9us ,pius1 :o _h rea*$ ! age ( sev5ty-five1 caught a fev] at ,lorium4 ,feel+ t 8 end 0 ne>1 he summon$ 8 fri5ds & ! *ief m5 ( ,rome to 8 b$side1 & !re 7)\t say+ a ^w ab\t 8 o!r adopt$ son1 :o is g5]ally kn[n by ! "n ( ,lucius ,v]us7 solemnly recomm5d$ ,m>cus to !m z 8 successor2 & !n1 giv+ to ! capta9 ( ! gu>d ! wat*word ( ,equanimity1 z ?\gh 8 e>?ly task 0 ov] he ord]$ to be transf]r$ to ! b$room ( ,m>cus ! little gold5 /atue ( ,=tune1 :i* 0 kept 9 ! private *amb] ( ! ,emp]ors z an om5 ( public prosp]ity4 ,! v fir/ public act ( ! new ,emp]or 0 "o ( spl5did g5]osity1 namely1 ! admission ( 8 adoptive bro!r ,lucius ,v]us into ! fulle/ p>ticipation ( imp]ial hon\rs1 ! ,tribunitian & proconsul> p[]s1 & ! titles ,caes> & ,augu/us4 ,! admission ( ,lucius ,v]us to a %>e ( ! empire 0 due to ! innate mode/y ( ,m>cus4 ,z he 0 a devot$ /ud5t1 & c>$ less = manly ex]cises1 9 :i* ,v]us excell$1 he ?\ght t 8 adoptive bro!r w\ld be a bett] & m useful g5]al ?an himself1 & t he c\ld be/ s]ve ! ,/ate by reta9+ ! civil adm9i/ration1 & entru/+ to 8 bro!r ! managem5t ( w>4 ,v]us1 h[ev]1 z soon z he got away f ! imm$iate influ5ce & ennobl+ society ( ,m>cus1 broke loose f all dec5cy1 & %[$ himself to be a weak & wor?less p]sonage1 z unfit = w> z he 0 = all ! nobl] duties ( peace1 & capable ( no?+ b enorm\s gluttony & disgraceful self-indul5ce4 ,two ?+s only c be said 9 8 fav\r2 ! "o1 t1 ?\gh deprav$1 he 0 :olly free f cruelty2 & ! o!r1 t he _h ! good s5se to submit himself entirely to 8 bro!r1 & to treat him ) ! gratitude & def]5ce :i* 7 8 due4 ,m>cus _h a l>ge family by ,fau/9a1 & 9 ! fir/ ye> ( 8 reign 8 wife bore tw9s1 ( :om ! "o :o surviv$ became ! wick$ & dete/$ ,emp]or ,commodus4 ,z ?\gh ! bir? ( su* a *ild 7 9 itself an om5 ( ru91 a /orm ( calamity began at once to bur/ ov] ! long tranquil ,/ate4 ,an inundation ( ! ,tib] flung d[n h\ses & /reets ov] a great "p ( ,rome1 swept away multitudes ( cattle1 spoil$ ! h>ve/s1 deva/at$ ! fields1 & caus$ a di/ress :i* end$ 9 wide-spread fam9e4 ,m5's m9ds 7 t]rifi$ by e>?quakes1 by ! burn+ ( cities1 & by plagues or noxi\s insects4 ,to ^! mis]ies1 :i* ! ,emp]ors did _! be/ to alleviate1 0 add$ ! horrors ( w>s & rum\rs ( w>s4 ,! ,p>tians1 "u _! k+ ,vologeses1 defeat$ & all b de/roy$ a ,roman army1 & deva/at$ ) impunity ! ,roman prov9ce ( ,syria4 ,! wild tribes ( ! ,catti bur/ ov] ,g]many ) fire & sword2 & ! news f ,brita9 0 full ( insurrection & tumult4 ,su* 7 ! elem5ts ( tr\ble & discord :i* ov]%ad[$ ! reign ( ,m>cus ,aurelius f its v beg9n+ d[n to its we>y close4 ,z ! ,p>tian w> 0 ! mo/ important ( ! ?ree1 ,v]us 0 s5t to quell x1 & b = ! ability ( 8 g5]als--! greate/ ( :om 0 ,avidius ,cassius--w\ld h ru9$ irretrievably ! =tunes ( ! ,empire4 ,^! g5]als1 h[ev]1 v9dicat$ ! maje/y ( ! ,roman "n1 & ,v]us return$ 9 triumph1 br++ back ) him f ! ,ea/ ! se$s ( a t]rible pe/il5ce :i* deva/at$ ! :ole ,empire & by :i*1 on ! outbreak ( fre% w>s1 ,v]us himself 0 c>ri$ (f at ,aquileia4 ,wor?less z he 01 ,m>cus1 :o 9 8 lifetime _h s (t5 p>don$ & conceal$ 8 faults1 paid him ! highe/ hon\rs ( sepulcre1 & int]r$ 8 a%es 9 ! mausoleum ( ,hadrian4 ,!re 7 n want+ "s :o *>g$ him ) ! guilt ( fratricide1 ass]t+ t ! dea? ( ,v]us _h be5 ha/5$ by 8 means6 ,i h only "o reason = allud+ to atroci\s & contemptible calumnies l ^!1 & t is because--s9ce no d\bt su* :isp]s rea*$ 8 e>s--!y help to acc\nt = t deep unutt]able melan*oly :i* brea!s ?r\gh ! little gold5 book ( ! ,emp]or's ,m$itations4 ,we f9d1 = in/ance1 among !m ?is isolat$ fragm5t3-- ,a black "*1 a womani% "*1 a /ubborn "*1 be/ial1 *ildi%1 animal1 /upid1 c\nt]feit1 scurril\s1 fraudul5t1 tyrannical4 ,we "k n ( :om he 0 ?9k+--p]haps ( ,n]o1 p]haps ( ,caligula1 b und\bt$ly also ( m5 :om he _h se5 & kn[n1 & ^: v exi/5ce d>k5$ 8 s\l4 ,! same sad _s brea!s also ?r\gh ! foll[+ passages3-- ,soon1 v soon1 ?\ wilt be a%es1 or a skeleton1 & ei!r a "n1 or n ev5 a "n2 b "n is s\nd & e*o4 ,& ! ?+s :i* are mu* valu$ 9 life are empty1 & rott51 & trifl+1 & little dogs bit+ "o ano!r1 & little *ildr5 qu>rell+1 laugh+1 & !n /raightway weep+4 ,b fidelity1 & mode/y1 & ju/ice1 & tru? are fl$ ',up to ,olympus f ! wide-spread e>?4' 7v4 #cc47 ,x w\ld be a man's happie/ lot to dep>t f mank9d )\t hav+ _h a ta/e ( ly+1 & hypocrisy1 & luxury1 & pride4 ,h[ev] to brea! out "o's life :5 a man has _h en\gh ( ^? ?+s is ! next be/ voyage1 z ! say+ is4 7ix4 #b47 ,en\gh ( ?is wret*$ life1 & murmur+1 & api% trifles4 ,:y art ?\ ?us di/urb$8 ,:at is !re new 9 ?is8 ,:at unsettles !e8444 ,t[>ds ! gods1 !n1 n[ become at la/ m simple & bett]4 7ix4 #cg47 ,! ?\ght is l t :i* dom9ates ?r\gh ! ,p5it5tial ,psalms ( ,david1--t we may take refuge f m51 _! malignity & _! meanness1 & f9d re/ = our s\ls 9 ,god4 ,f m5 ,david has no hope2 mock]y1 trea*]y1 inju/ice1 are all t he expects f !m1--! bitt]ness ( 8 enemies1 ! f>-(f indiff]5ce ( 8 fri5ds4 ,nor does ?is greatly tr\ble him1 s long z he does n :olly lose ! light ( ,god's c\nt5ance4 ,i _h no place to flee unto1 & no man c>$ = my s\l4 ,i cri$ unto !e1 ,o ,"l1 & said1 ,?\ art my hope1 & my portion 9 ! l& ( ! liv+4 ,ca/ me n away f ,?y pres5ce1 & take n ,?y ,holy ,_s f me4 ,b :atev] may h be5 8 impulse at times to give up 9 despair all attempt to improve ! little bre$ ( m5 ar\nd him1 ,m>cus _h s*ool$ 8 g5tle _s to live cont9ually 9 f> o!r feel+s4 ,7 m5 contemptible8 ,x 0 all ! m reason :y he %\ld himself be noble4 ,7 m5 petty1 & malignant1 & passionate & unju/8 ,9 t proportion 7 !y all ! m m>k$ out = pity & t5d]ness1 & 9 t proportion 0 he b\nd to ! utmo/ ( 8 ability to %[ himself great1 & =giv+1 & calm1 & true4 ,?us ,m>cus turns 8 v bitt]e/ exp]i5ce to gold1 & f ! vil5esses ( o!rs1 :i* depress$ 8 lonely life1 s f> f suff]+ himself to be embitt]$ z well z sadd5$1 he only draws fre% lessons ( humanity & love4 ,he says1 = in/ance1 ,beg9 ! morn+ by say+ to ?yself1 ,i %all meet ) ! busybody1 ! ungrateful1 arrogant1 deceitful1 envi\s1 unsocial4 ,all ^! ?+s happ5 to !m by reason ( _! ignorance ( :at is good & evil4 ,b ,i :o h se5 ! nature ( ! good t x is beautiful1 & ( ! bad t x is ugly1 & ! nature ( him t does wrong t is ak9 to me1444 & t x p>takes ( ! same portion ( ! div9ity1 ,i c nei!r be injur$ by any ( !m1 = no "o c fix on me :at is ugly1 nor c ,i be angry ) my k9sman1 nor hate him4 ,= we are made = co-op]ation1 l feet1 l h&s1 l eyelids1 l ! r[s ( ! upp] & l[] tee?4 ,to act aga9/ "o ano!r !n is contr>y to nature2 & x is act+ aga9/ "o ano!r to be vex$ & turn away4 7ii4 #a47 ,ano!r ( 8 rules1 & an em95tly wise "o1 0 to fix 8 ?\ghts z mu* z possible on ! virtues ( o!rs1 r ?an on _! vices4 ,:5 ?\ wi%e/ to delight ?yself1 ?9k ( ! virtues ( ^? :o live ) !e--! activity ( "o1 ! mode/y ( ano!r1 ! lib]ality ( a ?ird1 & "s o!r good quality ( a f\r?4 ,:at a rebuke to ! contemptu\s cynicism :i* we are daily tempt$ to display6 ,an inf9ite be+ comes be=e u1 says ,rob]tson1 ) a :ole et]nity wrapt up 9 8 m9d & s\l1 & we proce$ to classify him1 put a label ^u him1 z we w\ld ^u a j>1 say+1 ,?is is rice1 t is jelly1 & ?is pomatum2 & !n we ?9k we h sav$ ourselves ! necessity ( tak+ (f ! cov]1 ,h[ diff]5tly our ,"l treat$ ! p :o came to ,him6444 consequ5tly1 at ,8 t\* ea* "o gave out 8 peculi> sp>k ( light4 ,"h1 aga91 is a s+ul>ly pi?y1 compreh5sive1 & beautiful piece ( advice3-- ,m5 exi/ = ! sake ( "o ano!r4 ,tea* !m or be> ) !m 7viii4 #ei47 ,& aga93 ,! be/ way ( rev5g+ ?yself is n to become l ! wrong do]4 ,& aga91 ,if any man has done wrong1 ! h>m is 8 own4 ,b p]haps he has n done wrong4 7ix4 #ch47 ,mo/ rem>kable1 h[ev]1 are ! n9e rules :i* he drew up = himself1 z subjects = reflection :5 any "o _h (f5d$ him1 viz4-- #a4 ,t m5 7 made = ea* o!r3 ev5 ! inf]ior = ! sake ( ! sup]ior1 & ^! = ! sake ( "o ano!r4 #b4 ,! inv9cible influ5ces t act ^u m51 & m\ld _! op9ions & _! acts4 #c4 ,t s9 is ma9ly error & ignorance1--an involunt>y slav]y4 #d4 ,t we are ourselves feeble1 & by no means immaculate2 & t (t5 our v ab/95ce f faults is due m to c[>dice & a c>e = our reputation ?an to any fre$om f ! disposition to commit !m4 #e4 ,t our judgm5ts are apt to be v ra% & premature4 ,& 9 %ort a man mu/ le>n a great deal to enable him to pass a correct judgm5t on ano!r man's acts4 #f4 ,:5 ?\ art mu* vex$ or griev$1 consid] t man's life is only a mom5t1 & aft] a %ort "t we are all laid out dead4 #g4 ,t no wrongful act ( ano!r c br+ %ame on u1 & t x is n m5's acts :i* di/urb u1 b our own op9ions ( !m4 #h4 ,t our own ang] hurts u m ?an ! acts !mselves4 #i4 ,t b5evol5ce is inv9cible1 if x be n an affect$ smile1 nor act+ a "p4 ,= :at w ! mo/ viol5t man d to !e if ?\ cont9ue/ b5evol5t to him8 g5tly & calmly correct+ him1 admoni%+ him :5 he is try+ to d !e h>m1 say+1 ',n s1 my *ild3 we are con/itut$ by nature = some?+ else3 ,i %all c]ta9ly n be injur$1 b ?\ art injur+ ?yself1 my *ild' ,& %[ him ) g5tle tact & by g5]al pr9ciples t ?is is s1 & t ev5 bees d n d z he does1 nor any greg>i\s animal4 ,& ?is y mu/ d simply1 unreproa*fully1 affectionately2 )\t ranc\r1 & if possible :5 y & he are alone4 7xi4 #ah47 ,n s1 my *ild2 ?\ art injur+ ?yself1 my *ild4 ,c all antiquity %[ any?+ t5d]] ?an ?is1 or any?+ m close to ! _s ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ ?an ^! n9e rules8 ,!y 7 wor?y ( ! m5 :o1 unlike ! ,/oics 9 g5]al1 consid]$ g5tl5ess to be a virtue1 & a pro( at once ( philosophy & ( true manhood4 ,!y are writt5 ) t effusion ( sadness & b5evol5ce to :i* x is difficult to f9d a p>allel4 ,!y %[ h[ completely ,m>cus _h triumph$ ov] all petty malignity1 & h[ e>ne/ly he /rove to fulfil 8 own precept ( always keep+ ! ?\ghts s sweet & cle>1 t if any "o %\ld sudd5ly ask1 ',:at ha/ ?\ n[ 9 ?y ?\ghts8' ) p]fect op5ness ?\ mighte/ imm$iately answ]1 ',?is or ,t1' ,9 %ort1 to give !m _! highe/ praise1 !y w\ld h delight$ ! great ,*ri/ian ,apo/le :o wrote1-- ,w>n !m t are unruly1 com=t ! feeble-m9d$1 support ! weak1 be pati5t t[>ds all m54 ,see t none r5d] evil = evil unto any man2 b ev] foll[ t :i* is good1 bo? among y\rselves1 & to all m54 7#a ,!ss4 iv4 #ad4 #ae47 ,c\nt him n z an enemy1 b admoni% him z a bro!r4 7#b4 ,!ss4 iv4 #ae47 ,=be>+ "o ano!r1 & =giv+ "o ano!r1 if any man h a qu>rel aga9/ any4 7,col4 iii4 #ac47 ,nay1 are !y n ev5 9 full accordance ) ! m9d & _s ( ,him :o said1-- ,if ?y bro!r trespass aga9/ !e1 g & tell him 8 fault betwe5 !e & him alone3 if he %all he> !e ?\ ha/ ga9$ ?y bro!r4 ,9 ! life ( ,m>cus ,aurelius1 z 9 s _m lives1 we are able to trace ! great law ( comp5sation4 ,8 exalt$ /ation1 dur+ ! lat] ye>s ( 8 life1 ?rew him among _m :o 7 false & ,ph>isaical & base2 b 8 y\? _h be5 sp5t "u happi] conditions1 & ?is sav$ him f fall+ into ! sadness ( ^? :om nei!r man nor woman please4 ,9 8 e>li] ye>s x _h be5 8 lot to see ! fair] side ( humanity1 & ! recollection ( ^? pure & happy days 0 l a heal+ tree ?r[n into ! bitt] & turbid wat]s ( 8 reign4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,?\ghts ,,( ,,m>cus ,,aurelius 7cont9u$74 ,m>cus 0 n[ ! undisput$ "l ( ! ,roman _w4 ,he 0 seat$ on ! dizzie/ & mo/ spl5did em95ce :i* x 0 possible = human gr&eur to obta94 ,b ?is imp]ial elevation k9dl$ no gl[ ( pride or self-satisfaction 9 8 meek & *a/5$ nature4 ,he reg>d$ himself z be+ 9 fact ! s]vant ( all4 ,x 0 8 duty1 l t ( ! bull 9 ! h]d1 or ! ram among ! flocks1 to confront e p]il 9 8 own p]son1 to be =emo/ 9 all ! h>d%ips ( w> & ! mo/ deeply imm]s$ 9 all ! toils ( peace4 ,! regi/ry ( ! citiz5s1 ! suppression ( litigation1 ! elevation ( public morals1 ! re/ra9+ ( consangu9e\s m>riages1 ! c>e ( m9ors1 ! retr5*m5t ( public exp5ses1 ! limitation ( gladitorial games & %[s1 ! c>e ( roads1 ! re/oration ( s5atorial privileges1 ! appo9tm5t ( none b wor?y magi/rates--ev5 ! regulation ( /reet traffic--^! & numb]less o!r duties s completely absorb$ 8 att5tion t1 9 spite ( indiff]5t heal?1 !y (t5 kept him at sev]e lab\r f e>ly morn+ till long aft] midnight4 ,8 position inde$ (t5 necessitat$ 8 pres5ce at games & %[s1 b on ^! occasions he occupi$ himself ei!r 9 read+1 or be+ read to1 or 9 writ+ notes4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? :o held t no?+ %\ld be done ha/ily1 & t few crimes 7 worse ?an ! wa/e ( "t4 ,x is to su* views & su* habits t we owe ! compositions ( 8 works4 ,8 ,m$itations 7 writt5 amid ! pa9ful self-d5ial & di/ract+ anxieties ( 8 w>s ) ! ,quadi & ! ,m>comanni1 & he 0 ! au?or ( o!r works :i* unhappily h p]i%$4 ,p]haps ( all ! lo/ treasures ( antiquity !re are few :i* we %\ld feel a great] wi% to recov] ?an ! lo/ autobiography ( ?is wise/ ( ,emp]ors & holie/ ( ,pagan m54 ,z = ! ext]nal trapp+s ( 8 rank1--^? gorge\s adjuncts & pomp\s circum/ances :i* excite ! wond] & envy ( mank9d1--no man c\ld h %[n himself m indiff]5t to !m4 ,he recogniz$ inde$ ! necessity ( ma9ta9+ ! dignity ( 8 high position4 ,e mom5t1 he says1 ?9k /eadily z a ,roman & a man to d :at ?\ ha/ 9 h& ) p]fect & simple dignity1 & affection1 & fre$om1 & ju/ice 7ii4 #e72 & aga91 ,let ! ,deity :i* is 9 !e be ! gu>dian ( a liv+ be+1 manly & ( ripe age1 & engag$ 9 matt]s political1 & a ,roman1 & a rul]1 :o has tak5 8 po/ l a man wait+ = ! signal :i* summons him f life 7iii4 #e74 ,b he did n ?9k x necess>y to accept ! fulsome hon\rs & degrad+ adulations :i* 7 s de> to _m ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,he refus$ ! pomp\s blasphemy ( temples & alt>s1 say+ t = e true rul] ! _w 0 a temple1 & all good m5 7 prie/s4 ,he decl9$ z mu* z possible all gold5 /atues & triumphal designations4 ,all inevitable luxuries & spl5d\r1 su* z 8 public duties r5d]$ indisp5sable1 he reg>d$ z a m]e holl[ %[4 ,m>cus ,aurelius felt z deeply z our own ,%akespe>e seems to h felt ! unsub/antiality1 ! fleet+ evanesc5ce ( all e>?ly ?+s3 he w\ld h delight$ 9 ! s5tim5t t1 ,we are su* /uff ,z dreams are made on1 & our little life ,is r\nd$ by a sleep4 ,:5 we h meat be=e u1 he says1 & su* eatables1 we receive ! impression t ?is is ! dead body ( a fi%1 & ?is is ! dead body ( a bird1 or ( a pig2 &1 aga91 t ?is ,fal]ian is only a little grape-juice1 & ?is purple robe "s %eep's wool dy$ ) ! blood ( a %ellfi%3 su* !n are ^! impressions1 & !y rea* ! ?+s !mselves & p5etrate !m1 & s we see :at k9d ( ?+s !y are4 ,j 9 ! same way4444 :]e !re are ?+s :i* appe> mo/ wor?y ( our approbation1 we ought to lay !m b>e1 & look at _! wor?lessness1 & /rip !m ( all ! words by :i* !y are exalt$4 7vi4 #ac47 ,:at is wor? be+ valu$8 ,to be receiv$ ) clapp+ ( h&s8 ,no4 ,nei!r mu/ we value ! clapp+ ( tongues1 = ! praise :i* comes f ! _m is a clapp+ ( tongues4 7vi4 #af47 ,asia1 ,europe1 are corn]s ( ! univ]se2 all ! sea is a drop 9 ! univ]se2 ,a?os a little clod ( ! univ]se2 all ! pres5t "t is a po9t 9 et]nity4 ,all ?+s are little1 *angeable1 p]i%able 7vi4 #cf47 ,& to ,m>cus too1 no less ?an to ,%akespe>e1 x seem$ t-- ,all ! _w's a /age1 ,& all ! m5 & wom5 m]ely play]s2 = he writes ^! rem>kable words3-- ,! idle bus9ess ( %[1 plays on ! /age1 flocks ( %eep1 h]ds1 ex]cises ) spe>s1 a bone ca/ to little dogs1 a bit ( bread 9 fi%ponds1 lab\r+s ( ants1 & burd5-c>ry+ runn+s ab\t ( fright5$ little mice1 puppets pull$ by /r+s--?is is :at life resembles4 ,x is ?y duty !n 9 ! mid/ ( su* ?+s to %[ good hum\r1 & n a pr\d air2 to und]/& h[ev] t e man is wor? j s mu* z ! ?+s are wor? ab\t :i* he busies himself4 ,9 fact1 ! ,c\rt 0 to ,m>cus a burd52 he tells u himself t ,philosophy 0 8 "m1 ,empire only 8 /epmo!r2 x 0 only 8 repose 9 ! "o t r5d]$ ev5 tol]able to him ! burd5s ( ! o!r4 ,emp]or z he 01 he ?ank$ ! gods = hav+ enabl$ him to ent] into ! s\ls ( a ,?rasea1 an ,helvidius1 a ,cato1 a ,brutus4 ,above all1 he seems to h _h a horror ( ev] becom+ l "s ( 8 pr$ecessors2 he writes3-- ,take c>e t ?\ art n made into a ,caes>2#fh take c>e ?\ art n dy$ ) ?is dye4 ,keep ?yself !n simple1 good1 pure1 s]i\s1 free f affectation1 a fri5d ( ju/ice1 a wor%ipp] ( ! gods1 k9d1 affectionate1 /r5u\s 9 all prop] acts4 ,rev]5ce ! gods & help m54 ,%ort is life4 ,!re is only "o fruit ( ?is t]r5e life2 a pi\s disposition & social acts4 7iv4 #ai17 ,footnote #fh3 ,m>cus "h inv5ts :at ,m4 ,m>?a ju/ly calls an admirable b>b>ism to express 8 disgu/ t[>ds su* m5--,greek3 ora mae apukaidaoosaes--take c>e n to be ,caes>is$4 ,x is ! same conclusion z t :i* sorr[ =c$ f ano!r we>y & less admirable k+3 ,let u he> ! conclusion ( ! :ole matt]3 ,fe> ,god1 & keep ,8 comm&m5ts2 = ?is is ! :ole duty ( man4 ,b x is "t = u to cont9ue ! meagre record ( ! life ( ,m>cus1 s f> z ! b>e & gossip+ compilations ( ,dion ,cassius1#fi & ,capitol9us1 & ! scatt]$ allusions ( o!r writ]s c enable u to d s4 ,footnote #fi3 ,z epitomis$ by ,xiphil9us4 ,x mu/ h be5 ) a heavy he>t t he set out once m = ,g]many to face ! dang]\s ris+ ( ! ,quadi & ,m>comanni4 ,to obta9 soldi]s suffici5t to fill up ! vacancies 9 8 army :i* _h be5 decimat$ by ! plague1 he 0 =c$ to enrol slaves2 & to obta9 money he _h to sell ! ornam5ts ( ! palace1 & ev5 "s ( ! ,empress's jewels4 ,imm$iately be=e he />t$ 8 he>t 0 wrung by ! dea? ( 8 little boy1 ! tw9-bro!r ( ,commodus1 ^: beautiful features are /ill pres]v$ = u on co9s4 ,e>ly 9 ! w>1 z he 0 try+ ! dep? ( a =d1 he 0 assail$ by ! enemy ) a sudd5 /orm ( missiles1 & 0 only sav$ f imm95t dea? by be+ %elt]$ b5ea? ! %ields ( 8 soldi]s4 ,"o battle 0 f\ght on ! ice ( ! w9try ,danube4 ,b by f> ! mo/ celebrat$ ev5t ( ! w> took place 9 a great victory ov] ! ,quadi :i* he won 9 ,a4,d4 #agd1 & :i* 0 attribut$ by ! ,*ri/ians to :at is kn[n z ! ,miracle ( ! ,?und]+ ,legion4 ,dive/$ ( all extrane\s additions1 ! fact :i* occurr$1--z e/abli%$ by ! evid5ce ( m$als1 & by "o ( ! bass-relievi on ! ,column ( ,anton9e1--appe>s to h be5 z foll[s4 ,m>cus ,aurelius & 8 army _h be5 entangl$ 9 a m\nta9 defile1 into :i* !y _h too ha/ily pursu$ a %am retreat ( ! b>b>ian ar*]s4 ,9 ?is defile1 unable ei!r to fight or to fly1 p5t 9 by ! enemy1 burn$ up ) ! scor*+ heat & torm5t$ by ?ir/1 !y lo/ all hope1 bur/ into wail+ & groans1 & yield$ to a despair f :i* n ev5 ! /r5u\s ef=ts ( ,m>cus c\ld ar\se !m4 ,at ! mo/ critical mom5t ( _! dang] & mis]y ! cl\ds began to ga!r1 & heavy %[s ( ra9 desc5d$1 :i* ! soldi]s caught 9 _! %ields & helmets to qu5* _! own ?ir/ & t ( _! horses4 ,:ile !y 7 ?us engag$ ! enemy attack$ !m2 b ! ra9 0 m+l$ ) hail1 & fell ) bl9d+ fury 9 ! faces ( ! b>b>ians4 ,! /orm 0 also accompani$ ) ?und] & lightn+1 :i* seems to h damag$ ! enemy1 & fill$ !m ) t]ror1 :ile no casualty occur$ 9 ! ,roman ranks4 ,! ,romans accord+ly reg>d$ ?is z a ,div9e int]position1 & a*iev$ a mo/ decisive victory1 :i* prov$ to be ! practical conclusion ( a haz>d\s & important w>4 ,! ,*ri/ians reg>d$ ! ev5t n z provid5tial b z miracul\s1 & attribut$ x to ! pray]s ( _! bre?r5 9 a legion :i*1 f ?is circum/ance1 receiv$ ! "n ( ! ,?und]+ ,legion4 ,x is h[ev] n[ kn[n t "o ( ! legions1 di/+ui%$ by a fla% ( lightn+ :i* 0 repres5t$ on _! %ields1 _h be5 kn[n by ?is "n s9ce ! "t ( ,augu/us2 & ! ,pagans !mselves attribut$ ! assi/ance :i* !y _h receiv$ sometimes to a pray] ( ! pi\s ,emp]or & sometimes to ! incantations ( an ,egyptian sorc]] nam$ ,arnuphis4 ,"o ( ! ,fa!rs1 ! passionate & eloqu5t ,t]tullian1 attributes to ?is deliv]ance an int]position ( ! ,emp]or 9 fav\r ( ! ,*ri/ians1 & appeals to a lett] ( 8 to ! ,s5ate 9 :i* he ackn[l$g$ h[ effectual _h be5 ! aid he _h receiv$ f ,*ri/ian pray]s1 & =bade any "o h]eaft] to mole/ ! foll[]s ( ! new religion1 le/ !y %\ld use aga9/ him ! weapon ( supplication :i* _h be5 s p[]ful 9 8 fav\r4 ,?is lett] is pres]v$ at ! end ( ! ,apology ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 & x adds t1 n only are no ,*ri/ians to be injur$ or p]secut$1 b t any "o :o in=m$ aga9/ !m is to be burn$ alive6 ,we see at once t ?is lett] is "o ( ^? impud5t & transp>5t =g]ies 9 :i* ! lit]ature ( ! fir/ five c5turies unhappily ab\nds4 ,:at 0 ! real relation ( ,m>cus to ! ,*ri/ians we %all consid] h]eaft]4 ,to ! g5tle he>t ( ,m>cus1 all w>1 ev5 :5 accompani$ ) victories1 0 em95tly di/a/eful2 & 9 su* pa9ful & ung5ial occupations no small "p ( 8 life 0 pass$4 ,:at he ?\ght ( w> & ( its successes is graphically set =? 9 ! foll[+ rem>k3-- ,a spid] is pr\d :5 x has caught a fly1 & ano!r :5 he has caught a poor h>e1 & ano!r :5 he has tak5 a little fi% 9 a net1 & ano!r :5 he has tak5 wild bo>s or be>s1 & ano!r :5 he has tak5 ,s>matians4 ,are n ^! robb]s1 :5 ?\ exam9e/ _! pr9ciples8 ,he "h condemns 8 own involunt>y actions2 b x 0 8 unhappy de/9y n to h trodd5 out ! emb]s ( ?is w> be=e he 0 burd5$ ) ano!r f> m pa9ful & =midable4 ,?is 0 ! revolt ( ,avidius ,cassius1 a g5]al ( ! old blunt ,roman type1 :om1 9 spite ( "s om9\s w>n+s1 ,m>cus bo? lov$ & tru/$4 ,! +ratitude display$ by su* a man caus$ ,m>cus ! deepe/ angui%2 b he 0 sav$ f all dang]\s consequ5ces by ! wide-spread affection :i* he _h inspir$ by 8 virtu\s reign4 ,! v soldi]s ( ! rebelli\s g5]al fell away f him2 &1 aft] he _h be5 a nom9al ,emp]or = only ?ree mon?s & six days1 he 0 assass9at$ by "s ( 8 own (fic]s4 ,8 head 0 s5t to ,m>cus1 :o receiv$ x ) sorr[1 & did n hold out to ! murd]]s ! slighte/ enc\ragem5t4 ,! joy ( success 0 swall[$ up 9 regret t 8 enemy _h n liv$ to all[ him ! luxury ( a g5u9e =giv5ess4 ,he begg$ ! ,s5ate to p>don all ! family ( ,cassius1 & to suff] ?is s+le life to be ! only "o =feit$ 9 consequ5ce ( civil w>4 ,! ,fa!rs receiv$ ^! pro(s ( clem5cy ) ! rapture :i* !y des]v$1 & ! ,s5ate-h\se res\nd$ ) acclamations & bless+s4 ,nev] _h a =midable conspiracy be5 m quietly & effectually cru%$4 ,m>cus travell$ ?r\gh ! prov9ces :i* _h fav\r$ ! cause ( ,avidius ,cassius1 & treat$ !m all ) ! mo/ complete & indulg5t =be>ance4 ,:5 he arriv$ 9 ,syria1 ! correspond5ce ( ,cassius 0 br\ght to him1 &1 ) a glori\s magnanimity ( :i* hi/ory af=ds b few examples1 he consign$ x all to ! flames unread4 ,dur+ ?is j\rney ( pacification1 he lo/ 8 wife ,fau/9a1 :o di$ sudd5ly 9 "o ( ! valleys ( ,m\nt ,taurus4 ,hi/ory1 or ! collection ( anecdotes :i* at ?is p]iod (t5 passes z hi/ory1 has assign$ to ,fau/9a a "* ( ! d>ke/ infamy1 & x has ev5 be5 made a *>ge aga9/ ,aurelius t he ov]look$ or condon$ h] (f5ces4 ,z f> z ,fau/9a is conc]n$1 we h n mu* to say1 al?\gh !re is /rong reason to believe t _m ( ! /ories told ( h] are sc&al\sly exagg]at$1 if n absolutely false4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t mo/ ( ! imputations ^u h] memory re/ on ! malignant anecdotes record$ by ,dion1 :o de>ly lov$ e piece ( sc&al :i* degrad$ human nature4 ,! specific *>ge br\ght aga9/ h] ( hav+ tempt$ ,cassius f 8 allegiance is :olly unsupport$1 ev5 if x be n absolutely incompatible ) :at we f9d 9 h] own exi/5t lett]s2 &1 f9ally1 ,m>cus himself n only lov$ h] t5d]ly1 z ! k9d "m ( 8 elev5 *ildr51 b 9 8 ,m$itations actually ?anks ! gods = hav+ grant$ him su* a wife1 s ob$i5t s affectionate1 & s simple4 ,no d\bt ,fau/9a 0 unwor?y ( h] husb&2 b surely x is ! glory & n ! %ame ( a noble nature to be av]se f jeal\sy & suspicion1 & to tru/ to o!rs m deeply ?an !y des]ve4 ,s blameless 0 ! conduct ( ,m>cus ,aurelius t nei!r ! malignity ( contempor>ies nor ! sprit ( po/hum\s sc&al has succe$$ 9 discov]+ any flaw 9 ! extreme integrity ( 8 life & pr9ciples4 ,b meanness w n be baulk$ ( its victims4 ,! hatr$ ( all excell5ce :i* made ,caligula try to put d[n ! memory ( great m5 rages1 ?\gh less op5ly1 9 ! m9ds ( _m4 ,!y delight to degrade human life into t dull & b>r5 pla9 9 :i* e molehill is a m\nta91 & e ?i/le a =e/-tree4 ,great m5 are z small 9 _! eyes z !y are said to be 9 ! eyes ( _! valets2 & !re are multitudes :o1 if !y f9d ,"s /a9 or blemi% 9 a "n ( note1 ,n griev+ t _! greate/ are s small1 ,innate !mselves ) "s insane delight1 ,& judge all nature f h] feet ( clay1 ,)\t ! w to lift _! eyes1 & see ,h] godlike head cr[n'd ) spiritual fire1 ,& t\*+ o!r worlds4 ,?is ,i suppose is ! reason :y1 fail+ to drag d[n ,m>cus ,aurelius f 8 moral elevation1 "s h attempt$ to assail 8 reputation because ( ! suppos$ vil5ess ( ,fau/9a & ! actual depravity ( ,commodus4 ,( ,fau/9a ,i h spok5 already4 ,respect+ ,commodus1 ,i ?9k x suffici5t to ask ) ,solomon3 ,:o kn[e? :e!r 8 son %all be a wise man or a fool8 ,commodus 0 b n9ete5 :5 8 fa!r di$2 = ! fir/ ?ree ye>s ( 8 reign he rul$ respectably & acceptably4 ,m>cus ,aurelius _h left no ef=t untri$ to h him tra9$ aright by ! fir/ tea*]s & ! wise/ m5 :om ! age produc$2 & ,h]odian di/9ctly tells u t he _h liv$ virtu\sly up to ! "t ( 8 fa!r's dea?4 ,sett+ aside natural affection altoge!r1 & ev5 assum+ 7z ,i %\ld conjecture f "o or two passages ( 8 ,m$itations7 t ,m>cus _h misgiv+s ab\t 8 son1 w\ld x h be5 easy1 w\ld x h be5 ev5 possible1 to set aside on g5]al gr\nds a son :o _h atta9$ to ye>s ( maturity8 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 if !re are any :o ?9k x wor? :ile to c5sure ,m>cus because1 aft] all1 ,commodus turn$ out to be b a w>p$ slip ( wild]ness1 _! c5sure is h>dly suffici5tly discrim9at+ to des]ve ! tr\ble ( refutation4 ,b ,m>cus ,aurelius cruelly p]secut$ ! ,*ri/ians4 ,let u briefly consid] ?is *>ge4 ,t p]secutions took place 9 8 reign is an und5iable fact1 & is suffici5tly evid5c$ by ! ,apologies ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ( ,melito ,bi%op ( ,s>dis1 ( ,a!nagoras1 & ( ,apoll9>ius1 z well z by ! ,lett] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,smyrna describ+ ! m>tyrdom ( ,polyc>p1 & t ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,lyons & ,vi5ne to _! bre?r5 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,x is fair1 h[ev]1 to m5tion t !re is "s docum5t>y evid5ce on ! o!r side2 ,lactantius cle>ly ass]ts t "u ! reigns ( ^? excell5t pr9ces :o succe$$ ,domitian ! ,*ur* suff]$ no viol5ce f h] enemies1 & spread h] h&s t[>ds ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/3 ,t]tullian1 writ+ b tw5ty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,m>cus1 di/9ctly says 7& ,eusebius quotes ! ass]tion71 t !re 7 lett]s ( ! ,emp]or1 9 :i* he n only attribut$ 8 deliv]y among ! ,quadi to ! pray]s ( ,*ri/ian soldi]s 9 ! ,?und]+ ,legion1 b ord]$ any :o in=m$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians to be mo/ sev]ely puni%$2 & at ! end ( ! works ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr is f\nd a lett] ( simil> purport1 :i* is ass]t$ to h be5 address$ by ,m>cus to ! ,s5ate ( ,rome4 ,we may set aside ^! p]emptory te/imonies1 we may believe t ,t]tullian & ,eusebius 7 mi/ak51 & t ! docum5ts to :i* !y ref]r$ 7 spuri\s2 b ?is %\ld make u also less c]ta9 ab\t ! prom95t p>ticipation ( ! ,emp]or 9 ^! p]secutions4 ,my own belief is 7& x is a belief :i* c\ld be support$ by _m critical argum5ts71 t 8 %>e 9 caus+ !m 0 almo/ inf9itesimal4 ,if ^? :o love 8 memory reject ! evid5ce ( ,fa!rs 9 8 fav\r1 !y may be at lea/ p]mitt$ to )hold ass5t f "s ( ! ass]tions 9 virtue ( :i* he is condemn$4 ,m>cus 9 8 ,m$itations alludes to ! ,*ri/ians once only1 & !n x is to make a pass+ compla9t ( ! indiff]5ce to dea?1 :i* appe>$ to him1 z x appe>$ to ,epictetus1 to arise1 n f any noble pr9ciples1 b f m]e ob/9acy & p]v]sity4 ,t he %>$ ! pr(\nd dislike ) :i* ,*ri/ians 7 reg>d$ is v probable4 ,t he 0 a cold-blood$ & virul5t p]secutor is utt]ly unlike 8 :ole "*1 ess5tially at v>iance ) 8 habitual clem5cy1 ali5 to ! _s :i* made him int]f]e 9 e possible in/ance to mitigate ! sev]ity ( legal puni%m5ts1 & may 9 %ort be reg>d$ z an ass]tion :i* is altoge!r false4 ,:o w believe t a man :o dur+ 8 reign built & d$icat$ b "o s+le temple1 & t a ,temple to ,b5efic5ce2 t a man :o s f> f %[+ any jeal\sy respect+ =eign religions all[$ hon\r to be paid to !m all2 t a man ^: writ+s brea! on e page ! inmo/ _s ( philan?ropy & t5d]ness1 w5t out ( 8 way to jo9 9 a p]secution ( ! mo/ innoc5t1 ! mo/ c\rage\s1 & ! mo/ in(f5sive ( 8 subjects8 ,! true /ate ( ! case seems to h be5 ?is4 ,! deep calamities 9 :i*1 dur+ ! :ole reign ( ,m>cus ! ,empire 0 involv$1 caus$ wide-spread di/ress1 & r\s$ into peculi> fury ! feel+s ( ! prov9cials aga9/ m5 ^: a!ism 7= su* !y consid]$ x to be7 _h k9dl$ ! ang] ( ! gods4 ,?is fury (t5 broke out into p>oxisms ( popul> excitem5t1 :i* none b ! firme/-m9d$ gov]n]s 7 able to mod]ate or to repress4 ,m>cus1 :5 appeal$ to1 simply let ! exi/+ law take its usual c\rse4 ,t law 0 z old z ! "t ( ,trajan4 ,! "y ,pl9y1 ,gov]nor ( ,bi?ynia1 _h writt5 to ask ,trajan h[ he 0 to deal ) ! ,*ri/ians1 ^: blamelessness ( life he fully admitt$1 b ^: doctr9es1 he said1 _h empti$ ! temples ( ! gods1 & exasp]at$ _! wor%ipp]s4 ,trajan 9 reply _h ord]$ t ! ,*ri/ians %\ld n be s\ght =1 b t1 if !y 7 br\ght be=e ! gov]nor1 & prov$ to be contumaci\s 9 refus+ to adjure _! religion1 !y 7 !n to be put to dea?4 ,hadrian & ,anton9us ,pius _h cont9u$ ! same policy1 & ,m>cus ,aurilius saw no reason to alt] x4 ,b ?is law1 :i* 9 quiet times might become a m]e dead lett]1 might at m tr\bl$ p]iods be conv]t$ into a dang]\s eng9e ( p]secution1 z x 0 9 ! case ( ! v5]able ,polyc>p1 & 9 ! un=tunate ,*ur*es ( ,lyons & ,vi5ne4 ,! ,pagans believ$ t ! reason :y _! gods 7 smil+ 9 secret1-- ,look+ ov] wa/$ l&s1 ,blight & fam9e1 plague & e>?quake1 ro>+ deeps & fi]y s&s1-- ,clang+ fights1 & flam+ t[ns1 & s9k+ %ips1 & pray+ h&s1-- 0 ! unbelief & impiety ( ^! hat$ ,galileans1 causes ( (f5ce :i* c\ld only be expiat$ by ! dea? ( ! guilty4 ,_! enemies1 says ,t]tullian1 call al\d = ! blood ( ! innoc5t1 alleg+ ?is va9 pretext = _! hatr$1 t !y believe ! ,*ri/ians to be ! cause ( e public mis=tune4 ,if ! ,tib] has ov]fl[$ its banks1 or ! ,nile has n ov]fl[$1 if heav5 has refus$ its ra91 if fam9e or ! plague has spread its ravages1 ! cry is imm$iate1 ',! ,*ri/ians to ! lions4' ,9 ! fir/ ?ree c5turies ! cry ( ,no ,*ri/ianity became at times z brutal1 z viol5t1 & z unreason+ z ! cry ( ,no ,pop]y has (t5 be5 9 mod]n days4 ,x 0 inf9itely less disgraceful to ,m>cus to l5d 8 e> to ! "o ?an x has be5 to "s em95t mod]n /atesm5 to be c>ri$ away by ! ins5sate fury ( ! o!r4 ,to :at ext5t is ,m>cus ,aurelius to be condemn$ = ! m>tyrdoms :i* took place 9 8 reign8 ,n1 ,i ?9k1 heavily or indiscrim9ately1 or ) vehem5t sweep+ c5sure4 ,common ju/ice surely dem&s t we %\ld n confuse ! pres5t ) ! pa/1 or pass judgm5t on ! conduct ( ! ,emp]or z ?\gh he 7 liv+ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 or z ?\gh he _h be5 act+ 9 full cognisance ( ! ,gospels & ! /ones ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,wise & good m5 be=e him _h1 9 _! haughty ignorance1 spok5 ( ,*ri/ianity ) execration & contempt4 ,! philosoph]s :o surr\nd$ 8 ?rone treat$ x ) jeal\sy & av]sion4 ,! body ( ! nation firmly believ$ ! curr5t rum\rs :i* *>g$ its vot>ies ) horrible midnight assemblies1 r5d]$ infam\s by ,?ye/ian banquets & ! atrocities ( nameless sup]/itions4 ,^! f\l calumnies--^! hide\s *>ges ( cannibalism & ince/1--7 support$ by ! reit]at$ p]jury ( slaves "u torture1 :i* 9 t age1 z well z long aft]w>ds1 0 prepo/]\sly reg>d$ z a sure crit]ion ( tru?4 ,*ri/ianity 9 t day 0 conf\nd$ ) a multitude ( debas$ & =eign sup]/itions2 & ! ,emp]or 9 8 judicial capacity1 if he ev] enc\nt]$ ,*ri/ians at all1 0 f> m likely to enc\nt] ^? :o 7 unwor?y ( ! "n1 ?an to become acqua9t$ ) ! meek1 unworldly1 retir+ virtues ( ! calme/1 ! holie/1 & ! be/4 ,:5 we h giv5 _! due weight to consid]ations su* z ^! we %all be ready to p>don ,m>cus ,aurelius = hav+1 9 ?is matt]1 act$ ignorantly1 & to admit t 9 p]secut+ ,*ri/ianity he may mo/ hone/ly h ?\ght t he 0 do+ ,god s]vice4 ,! v s9c]ity ( 8 belief1 ! consci5ti\sness ( 8 rule1 ! int5sity ( 8 philan?rophy1 ! gr&eur ( 8 own philosophical t5ets1 all conspir$ to make him a worse enemy ( ! ,*ur* ?an a brutal ,commodus or a disgu/+ ,heliogabalus4 ,& yet t !re 0 n 9 him ! lea/ prop5sity to p]secute2 t ^! p]secutions 7 = ! mo/ "p spontane\s & accid5tal2 t !y 7 9 no measure due to 8 direct in/igation1 or 9 special accordance ) 8 desire1 is cle> f ! fact t ! m>tyrdoms took place 9 ,gaul & ,asia ,m9or1 n 9 ,rome4 ,!re mu/ h be5 hundr$s ( ,*ri/ians 9 ,rome1 & "u ! v eye ( ! ,emp]or2 nay1 !re 7 ev5 multitudes ( ,*ri/ians 9 8 own army2 yet we nev] he> ( 8 hav+ mole/$ any ( !m4 ,melito1 ,bi%op ( ,s>dis1 9 address+ ! ,emp]or1 expresses a d\bt z to :e!r he 0 really aw>e ( ! mann] 9 :i* 8 ,*ri/ian subjects 7 treat$4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 9 8 ,apology1 addresses him 9 t]ms ( p]fect confid5ce & deep respect4 ,9 %ort he 0 9 ?is matt] blameless1 b un=tunate4 ,x is pa9ful to ?9k t ! v5]able ,polyc>p1 & ! ?\ghtful ,ju/9 may h =feit$ _! lives = _! pr9ciples1 n only 9 ! reign ( s good a man1 b ev5 by virtue ( 8 au?ority2 b we mu/ be v un*>itable or v unimag9ative if we _c readily believe t1 ?\gh !y _h receiv$ ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom f 8 h&s1 ! r$eem$ spirits ( ^? great m>tyrs w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to welcome ?is holie/ ( ! hea!n into ! pres5ce ( a ,savi\r ^: ,*ur* he p]secut$1 b to ^: indwell+ ,_s 8 virtues 7 due8 :om ignorantly & unconsci\sly he wor%ipp$1 & :om _h he ev] he>d ( ,him & kn[n ,him1 he w\ld h lov$ 9 8 he>t & glorifi$ by ! consi/5cy ( 8 noble & /a9less life4 ,! p]secution ( ! ,*ur*es 9 ,lyons & ,vi5ne happ5$ 9 ,a4,d4 #agg4 ,%ortly aft] ?is p]iod fre% w>s recall$ ! ,emp]or to ! ,nor?4 ,x is said t1 9 despair ( ev] see+ him aga91 ! *ief m5 ( ,rome entreat$ him to address !m 8 f>ewell admonitions1 & t = ?ree days he disc\rs$ to !m on philosophical que/ions4 ,:5 he arriv$ at ! seat ( w>1 victory aga9 cr[n$ 8 arms4 ,b ,m>cus 0 n[ gett+ old1 & he 0 worn out ) ! toils1 trials1 & travels ( 8 long & we>y life4 ,he sunk "u m5tal anxieties & bodily fatigues1 & aft] a brief illness di$ 9 ,pannonia1 ei!r at ,vi5na or ,sirmium1 on ,m>* #ag1 ,a4,d4 #ahj1 9 ! fifty-n9? ye> ( 8 age & ! tw5tie? ( 8 reign4 ,dea? to him 0 no calamity4 ,he 0 sadly aw>e t !re is no man s =tunate t !re %all n be by him :5 he is dy+ "s :o are pleas$ ) :at is go+ to happ54 ,suppose t he 0 a good & wise man1 w !re n be at la/ "s "o to say ( him1 ',let u at la/ brea! freely1 be+ reliev$ f ?is s*oolma/]4 ,x is true t he 0 h>% to none ( u1 b ,i p]ceive t he tacitly condemns u4'444 ,?\ wilt consid] ?is :5 ?\ art dy+1 & wilt dep>t m cont5t$ly by reflect+ ?us3 ',i am go+ away f a life 9 :i* ev5 my associates1 on behalf ( :om ,i h /riv51 & c>$1 & pray$ s mu*1 !mselves wi% me to dep>t1 hop+ p]*ance to get "s little advantage by x4' ,:y !n %\ld a man cl+ to a long] /ay "h8 ,d n1 h[ev]1 = ?is reason g away less k9dly dispos$ to !m1 b pres]v+ ?y own "*1 & cont9u+ fri5dly1 & b5evol5t1 & k9d ,& dread+ dea? f> less ?an he dread$ any dep>ture f ! laws ( virtue1 he exclaims1 ,come quickly1 ,o ,dea?1 = fe> t at la/ ,i %\ld =get myself4 ,?is utt]ance has be5 well comp>$ to ! language :i* ,bossuet put into ! m\? ( a ,*ri/ian s\l3--,o ,dea?2 ?\ do/ n tr\ble my designs1 ?\ accompli%e/ !m4 ,ha/e1 !n1 ,o fav\rable ,dea?6444 ,nunc ,dimittis4 ,a nobl]1 a g5tl]1 a pur]1 a sweet] s\l1--a s\l less elat$ by prosp]ity1 or m con/ant 9 adv]sity--a s\l m fitt$ by virtue1 & *a/ity1 & self-d5ial to ent] into ! et]nal peace1 nev] pass$ into ! pres5ce ( its ,heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,we are n surpris$ t all1 ^: means p]mitt$ x1 possess$ !mselves ( 8 /atues1 & t !y 7 to be se5 = ye>s aft]w>ds among ! h\sehold gods ( hea!n families1 :o felt !mselves m hopeful & m happy f ! glori\s s5se ( possibility :i* 0 inspir$ by ! memory ( "o :o1 9 ! mid/ ( difficulties1 & brea?+ an atmosph]e heavy ) corruption1 yet %[$ himself s wise1 s great1 s good a man4 ,o fram$ = nobl] times & calm] he>ts6 ,o /udi\s ?9k]1 eloqu5t = tru?6 ,philosoph]1 despis+ weal? & dea?1 ,b pati5t1 *ildlike1 full ( life & love6 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,m$itations ,,( ,,m>cus ,,aurelius4 ,emp]or z he 01 ,m>cus ,aurelius f\nd himself 9 a holl[ & tr\bl\s _w2 b he did n give himself up to idle regret or qu]ul\s lam5tations4 ,if ^! sorr[s & p]turbations came f ! gods1 he kiss$ ! h& t smote him2 he deliv]$ up 8 brok5 sword to ,fate ! conqu]or ) a humble & a manly he>t4 ,9 any case he _h duties to d1 & he set himself to p]=m !m ) a quiet h]oism--zeal\sly1 consci5ti\sly1 ev5 *e]fully4 ,! pr9ciples ( ! ,emp]or are n r$ucible to ! h>d & def9ite l9es ( a philosophic sy/em4 ,b ! great laws :i* guid$ 8 actions & m\ld$ 8 views ( life 7 few & simple1 & 9 8 book ( ,m$itations1 :i* is m]ely 8 private di>y writt5 to relieve 8 m9d amid all ! trials ( w> & gov]nm5t1 he recurs to !m aga9 & aga94 ,plays1 w>1 a/oni%m5t1 torpor1 slav]y1 he says to himself1 w wipe out ^? holy pr9ciples ( ?9e2 & ?is is :y he committ$ ^? pr9ciples to writ+4 ,"s ( ^! ,i h already adduc$1 & o!rs ,i proce$ to quote1 avail+ myself1 z be=e1 ( ! beautiful & s*ol>-l translation ( ,mr4 ,george ,long4 ,all pa91 & mis=tune1 & ugl9ess seem$ to ! ,emp]or to be mo/ wisely reg>d$ "u a ?reefold aspect1 namely1 if consid]$ 9 ref]5ce to ! gods1 z be+ due to laws beyond _! control2 if consid]$ ) ref]5ce to ! nature ( ?+s1 z be+ subs]vi5t & necess>y2 & if consid]$ ) ref]5ce to ourselves1 z be+ dep5d5t on ! am\nt ( indiff]5ce & =titude ) :i* we endure !m4 ,! foll[+ passages w elucidate ^! po9ts ( view3-- ,! intellig5ce ( ! ,univ]se is social4 ,accord+ly x has made ! inf]ior ?+s = ! sake ( ! sup]ior1 & x has fitt$ ! sup]ior to "o ano!r4 7v4 #cj47 ,?+s d n t\* ! s\l1 = !y are et]nal1 & rema9 immovable2 b our p]turbations come only f ! op9ion :i* is )94444 ,! ,univ]se is ,trans=mation2 life is op9ion 7iv4 #c47 ,to ! jaundic$ honey ta/es bitt]1 & to ^? bitt5 by mad dogs wat] causes fe>2 & to little *ildr5 ! ball is a f9e ?+4 ,:y !n am ,i angry8 ,do/ ?\ ?9k t a false op9ion has less p[] ?an ! bile 9 ! jaundic$1 or ! poison 9 him :o is bitt5 by a mad dog8 7vi4 #eb47 ,h[ easy x is to repel & to wipe away e impression :i* is tr\blesome & unsuitable1 & imm$iately to be at tranquillity4 7v4 #b47 ,! passages 9 :i* ,m>cus speaks ( evil z a relative ?+1--z be+ good 9 ! mak+1--! unripe & bitt] bud ( t :i* %all be h]eaft] a beautiful fl[]1--al?\gh n express$ ) p]fect cle>ness1 yet indicate 8 belief t our view ( evil ?+s rises 9 great measure f our inability to p]ceive ! great :ole ( :i* !y are b subs]vi5t p>ts4 ,all ?+s1 he says1 come f t univ]sal rul+ p[]1 ei!r directly or by way ( consequ5ce4 ,& accord+ly ! lion's gap+ jaws1 & t :i* is poison\s1 & e hurtful ?+1 z a ?orn1 z mud1 are aft]-products ( ! gr& & beautiful4 ,d n !re=e imag9e t !y are ( ano!r k9d f t :i* ?\ do/ v5]ate1 b =m a j op9ion ( ! s\rce ( all4 ,9 ano!r curi\s passage he says t all ?+s :i* are natural & congru5t ) ! causes :i* produce !m h a c]ta9 beauty & attractiv5ess ( _! own2 = in/ance1 ! splitt+s & corrugations on ! surface ( bread :5 x has be5 bak$4 ,& aga91 figs :5 !y are q ripe gape op52 & 9 ! ripe olives ! v circum/ances ( _! be+ ne> to rott5ness adds a peculi> beauty to ! fruit4 ,& ! e>s ( corn b5d+ d[n1 & ! lion's eyebr[s1 & ! foam :i* fl[s f ! m\? ( wild bo>s1 & _m o!r ?+s--?\gh !y are f> f be+ beautiful1 if a man %\ld exam9e !m sev]ally--/ill1 because !y are consequ5t ^u ! ?+s :i* are =m$ by nature1 help to adorn !m1 & !y please ! m9d2 s t if a man %\ld h a feel+ & deep] insight ab\t ! ?+s f\nd 9 ! univ]se !re is h>dly "o ( ^? :i* foll[ by way ( consequ5ce :i* w n seem to him to be 9 a mann] dispos$ s z to give pleasure4 7iv4 #b47 ,?is congruity to nature--! foll[+ ( nature1 & ob$i5ce to all h] laws--is ! key-=mula to ! doctr9es ( ! ,roman ,/oics4 ,ev]y?+ :i* is 9 any way beautiful is beautiful 9 itself1 & t]m9ates 9 itself1 n hav+ praise z "p ( itself4 ,nei!r worse1 !n1 nor bett] is a ?+ made by be+ prais$4444 ,is su* a ?+ z an em]ald made worse ?an x 01 if x is n prais$8 or gold1 ivory1 purple1 a lyre1 a little knife1 a fl[]1 a %rub8 7iv4 #bj47 ,ev]y?+ h>monizes ) me :i* is h>moni\s to !e1 ,o ,univ]se4 ,no?+ = me is too e>ly nor too late1 :i* is 9 due "t = !e4 ,ev]y?+ is fruit to me :i* ?y seasons br+1 ,o ,nature6 f !e are all ?+s1 9 !e are all ?+s1 to !e all ?+s return4 ,! poet says1 ,de> city ( ,cecrops2 & wilt n ?\ say1 ,de> city ( ,god8 7iv4 #bc47 ,will+ly give ?yself up to fate1 all[+ h] to sp9 ?y ?read into :atev] ?+ %e pleases4 7iv4 #cd47 ,& "h1 9 a v small matt]--gett+ out ( b$ 9 a morn+--is "o practical application ( ! =mula3-- ,9 ! morn+ :5 ?\ rise/ unwill+ly1 let ^! ?\ghts be pres5t--',i am ris+ to ! "w ( a human be+4 ,:y1 !n1 am ,i dissatisfi$ if ,i am go+ to d ! ?+s = :i* ,i exi/1 & = :i* ,i 0 br\ght into ! _w8 ,or h ,i be5 made = ?is1 to lie 9 ! b$clo!s & keep myself w>m8' ',b ?is is m pleasant4' ,do/ ?\ exi/1 !n1 to take ?y pleasure1 & n = action or ex]tion8 ,do/ ?\ n see ! little plants1 ! little birds1 ! ants1 ! spid]s1 ! bees1 work+ toge!r to put 9 ord] _! sev]al p>ts ( ! univ]se8 ,& art ?\ unwill+ to d ! "w ( a human be+1 & do/ ?\ n make ha/e to d t :i* is accord+ to ?y nature8 7v4 #a47 ,g to ! ant1 ?\ slugg>d2 consid] h] ways1 & be wise6 ,! same pr9ciple1 t ,nature has assign$ to u our prop] place--t a task has be5 giv5 u to p]=m1 & t our only c>e %\ld be to p]=m x aright1 = ! bless+ ( ! great ,:ole ( :i* we are b insignificant p>ts--dom9ates ?r\gh ! admirable precepts :i* ! ,emp]or lays d[n = ! regulation ( our conduct t[>ds o!rs4 ,"s m51 he says1 d b5efits to o!rs only because !y expect a return2 "s m5 ev51 if !y d n dem& any return1 are n =getful t !y h r5d]$ a b5efit2 b o!rs d n ev5 "k :at !y h done1 b are l a v9e :i* has produc$ grapes1 & seeks = no?+ m aft] x has produc$ its prop] fruit4 ,s we ought to d good to o!rs z simple & z naturally z a horse runs1 or a bee makes honey1 or a v9e be>s grapes season aft] season1 )\t ?9k+ ( ! grapes :i* x has borne4 ,& 9 ano!r passage1 ,:at m do/ ?\ want :5 ?\ ha/ done a s]vice to ano!r8 ,art ?\ n cont5t to h done an act con=mable to ?y nature1 & mu/ ?\ seek to be paid = x1 j z if ! eye dem&$ a rew>d = see+1 or ! feet = walk+8 ,judge e ^w & de$ :i* is accord+ to nature to be fit = !e1 & be n div]t$ by ! blame :i* foll[s444b if a ?+ is good to be done or said1 d n consid] x unwor?y ( !e4 7v4 #c47 ,sometimes1 inde$1 ,m>cus ,aurelius wav]s4 ,! evils ( life ov]p[] him4 ,su* z ba?+ appe>s to !e1 he says1 oil1 sweat1 dirt1 fil?y wat]1 all ?+s disgu/+--s is e "p ( life & ev]y?+ 7viii4 #bd72 & aga93--,( human life ! "t is a po9t1 & ! sub/ance is 9 a flux1 & ! p]ception dull1 & ! composition ( ! :ole body subject to putrefaction1 & ! s\l a :irl1 & =tune h>d to div9e1 & fame a ?+ devoid ( judgm5t4 ,b m (t5 he reta9s 8 p]fect tranquillity1 & says1 ,ei!r ?\ live/ "h1 & ha/ already accu/om$ ?yself to x1 or ?\ art go+ away1 & ?is 0 ?9e own w2 or ?\ art dy+1 & ha/ dis*>g$ ?y duty4 ,b besides ^! ?+s !re is no?+4 ,be ( good *e]1 !n4 7x4 #bb47 ,take me1 & ca/ me :]e ?\ wilt1 = !n ,i %all keep my div9e "p tranquil1 t is1 cont5t1 if x c feel & act con=mably to its prop] con/itution4 7viii4 #de47 ,!re is some?+ delightful 9 ! fact t ev5 9 ! ,/oic philosophy !re 0 "s com=t to keep m5 f despair4 ,to a holy & scrupul\s consci5ce l t ( ,m>cus1 !re w\ld h be5 an ine/imable preci\sness 9 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! =giv5ess ( ! s9s4 ,( t div9e m]cy--( t s9-uncreat+ p[]--! anci5t _w knew no?+2 b 9 ,m>cus we f9d "s dim & fa9t adumbration ( ! doctr9e1 express$ 9 a mann] :i* might at lea/ brea! calm into ! _s ( ! philosoph]1 ?\gh x c\ld nev] rea* ! he>ts ( ! suff]+ multitude4 ,= suppose1 he says1 t ?\ ha/ deta*$ ?yself f ! natural unity1--= ?\ wa/ made by nature a "p1 b n[ ha/ cut ?yself (f--yet "h is ! beautiful provision t x is 9 ?y p[] aga9 to unite ?yself4 ,god has all[$ ?is to no o!r "p--aft] x has be5 sep>at$ & cut asund]1 to come toge!r aga94 ,b consid] ! goodness ) :i* ,he has privileg$ man2 = ,he has put x 9 8 p[]1 :5 he has be5 sep>at$1 to return & to be reunit$1 & to resume 8 place ,& else:]e he says1 ,if y _c ma9ta9 a true & magnanim\s "*1 g c\rage\sly into "s corn] :]e y c ma9ta9 !m2 or if ev5 !re y fail1 dep>t at once f life1 n ) passion1 b ) mode/ & simple fre$om--:i* w be to h done at lea/ "o laudable act4 ,sad t ev5 to ,m>cus ,aurelius dea? %\ld h seem$ ! only refuge f ! despair ( ultimate failure 9 ! /ruggle to be wise & good6 ,m>cus valu$ temp]ance & self-d5ial z be+ ! be/ means ( keep+ 8 he>t /rong & pure2 b we are glad to le>n he did n value ! rig\rs ( asceticism4 ,life br\ght ) x en\gh1 & m ?an en\gh1 ( antagonism to brace 8 n]ves2 en\gh1 & m ?an en\gh1 ( ! r\gh w9d ( adv]sity 9 8 face to make x unnecess>y to add m by 8 own actions4 ,x is n fit1 he says1 t ,i %\ld give myself pa91 = ,i h nev] int5tionally giv5 pa9 ev5 to ano!r4 7viii4 #db47 ,x 0 a commonplace ( anci5t philosophy t ! life ( ! wise man %\ld be a contemplation (1 & a prep>ation =1 dea?4 ,x c]ta9ly 0 s ) ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,! ?\ghts ( ! no?+ness ( man1 & ( t great sea ( oblivion :i* %all h]eaft] swall[ up all t he is & does1 are ev] pres5t to 8 m9d2 !y are ?\ghts to :i* he recurs m con/antly ?an any o!r1 & f :i* he always draws ! same moral lesson4 ,s9ce x is possible t ?\ maye/ dep>t f life ?is v mom5t1 regulate e act & ?\ght accord+ly4444 ,dea? c]ta9ly1 & life1 hon\r & di%on\r1 pa9 & pleasure1 all ^! ?+s happ5 equally to good m5 & bad1 be+ ?+s :i* make u nei!r bett] nor worse4 ,!re=e !y are nei!r good nor evil4 7ii4 #aa47 ,else:]e he says t ,hippocrates cur$ diseases & di$2 & ! ,*aldaeans =etold ! future & di$2 & ,alex&]1 & ,pompey1 & ,caes> kill$ ?\s&s1 & !n di$2 & lice de/roy$ ,democritus1 & o!r lice kill$ ,socrates2 & ,augu/us1 & 8 wife1 & daught]1 & all 8 desc5dants1 & all 8 ance/ors1 are dead2 & ,vespasian & all 8 ,c\rt1 & all :o 9 8 day fea/$1 & m>ri$1 & 7 sick & *aff]$1 & f\ght1 & flatt]$1 & plott$1 & grumbl$1 & wi%$ o!r p to die1 & p9$ to become k+s or consuls1 are dead2 & all ! idle p :o are do+ ! same ?+s n[ are doom$ to die2 & all human ?+s are smoke1 & no?+ at all2 & x is n = u1 b = ! gods1 to settle :e!r we play ! play out1 or only a "p ( x4 ,!re are _m gra9s ( frank9c5se on ! same alt>2 "o falls be=e1 ano!r falls aft]2 b x makes no diff]5ce4 ,& ! moral ( all ^! ?\ghts is1 ,dea? hangs ov] !e :ile ?\ live/3 :ile x is 9 ?y p[] be good4 7iv4 #ag47 ,?\ ha/ emb>k$1 ?\ ha/ made ! voyage1 ?\ ha/ come to %ore2 get out4 ,if1 inde$1 to ano!r life !re is no want ( gods1 n ev5 !re4 ,b if to a /ate )\t s5sation1 ?\ wilt cease to be held by pa9s & pleasures4 7iii4 #c47 ,nor 0 ,m>cus at all com=t$ "u pres5t annoyances by ! ?\ght ( po/hum\s fame4 ,h[ ephem]al & wor?less human ?+s are1 he says1 & :at 0 ye/]day a little mucus1 to-morr[ w be a mummy or a%es4 ,_m :o are n[ prais+ !e1 w v soon blame !e1 & nei!r a po/hum\s "n is ( any value1 nor reputation1 nor any?+ else4 ,:at has become ( all great & fam\s m51 & all !y desir$1 & all !y lov$8 ,!y are smoke1 & a%1 & a tale1 or n ev5 a tale4 ,aft] all _! rages & envy+s1 m5 are /ret*$ out quiet & dead at la/4 ,soon ?\ wilt h =gott5 all1 & soon all w h =gott5 !e4 ,b "h1 aga91 aft] su* ?\ghts1 ! same moral is always introduc$ aga93--,pass !n ?r\gh ! little space ( "t con=mably to nature1 & end ! j\rney 9 cont5t1 j z an olive falls (f :5 x is ripe1 bless+ nature :o produc$ x1 & ?ank+ ! tree on :i* x grew ,"o ?+ only tr\bles me1 le/ ,i %\ld d some?+ :i* ! con/itution ( man does n all[1 or 9 ! way :i* x does n all[1 or :at x does n all[ n[4 ,to quote ! ?\ghts ( ,m>cus ,aurelius is to me a fasc9at+ task4 ,b ,i h already let him speak s l>gely = himself t by ?is "t ! read] w h "s conception ( 8 lead+ motives4 ,x only rema9s to adduce a few m ( ! weighty & gold5 s5t5ces 9 :i* he lays d[n 8 rule ( life4 ,to say all 9 a ^w1 ev]y?+ :i* belongs to ! body is a /ream1 & :at belongs to ! s\l is a dream & vap\r2 & life is a w>f>e1 & a /rang]'s soj\rn1 & aft] fame is oblivion4 ,:at1 !n1 is t :i* is able to enri* a man8 ,"o ?+1 & only "o--philosophy4 ,b ?is consi/s 9 keep+ ! gu>dian _s )9 a man free f viol5ce & unh>m$1 sup]ior to pa9s & pleasures1 do+ no?+ )\t a purpose1 nor yet falsely1 & ) hypocrisy444 accept+ all t happ5s & all t is allott$ 444 & f9ally wait+ = dea? ) a *e]ful m9d 7ii4 #ag47 ,if ?\ f9de/ 9 human life any?+ bett] ?an ju/ice1 tru?1 temp]ance1 =titude1 &1 9 a ^w1 ?an ?9e own s\l's satisfaction 9 ! ?+s :i* x enables !e to d accord+ to "r reason1 & ,9 ! condition t is assign$ to !e )\t ?y own *oice2 if1 ,i say1 ?\ see/ any?+ bett] ?an ?is1 turn to x ) all ?y s\l1 & enjoy t :i* ?\ ha/ f\nd to be ! be/4 ,b 444 if ?\ f9de/ ev]y?+ else small] & ( less value ?an ?is1 give place to no?+ else4444 ,simply & freely *oose ! bett]1 & hold to x4 7iii4 #f47 ,body1 s\l1 intellig5ce3 to ! body belong s5sations1 to ! s\l appetites1 to ! intellig5ce pr9ciples4 ,to be impress$ by ! s5ses is peculi> to animals2 to be pull$ by ! /r+s ( desire belongs to effem9ate m51 & to m5 l ,phal>is or ,n]o2 to be guid$ only by intellig5ce belongs to a!i/s & traitors1 & m5 :o d _! impure de$s :5 !y h %ut ! doors4444 ,!re rema9s t :i* is peculi> to ! good man1 to be pleas$ & cont5t ) :at happ5s1 & ) ! ?read :i* is spun = him2 & n to defile ! div9ity :i* is plant$ 9 8 brea/1 nor di/urb x by a cr[d ( images2 b to pres]ve x tranquil1 foll[+ x ob$i5tly z a god1 nei!r say+ any?+ contr>y to tru?1 nor do+ any?+ contr>y to ju/ice4 7iii4 #af47 ,m5 seek retreats = !mselves1 h\ses 9 ! c\ntry1 sea-%ores1 & m\nta9s1 & ?\ too art wont to desire su* ?+s v mu*4 ,b ?is is altoge!r a m>k ( ! commone/ sort ( m51 = x is 9 ?y p[] :5ev] ?\ %alt *ose to retire into ?yself4 ,= n[h]e ei!r ) m quiet or ) m fre$om does a man retire ?an into 8 own s\l1 p>ticul>ly :5 he has )9 him su* ?\ghts t by look+ into !m he is imm$iately 9 p]fect tranquillity1--:i* is no?+ else ?an ! good ord]+ ( ! m9d4 7iv4 #c47 ,unhappy am ,i1 because ?is has happ5$ to me8 ,n s1 b happy am ,i ?\gh ?is has happ5$ to me1 because ,i cont9ue free f pa92 nei!r cru%$ by ! pres5t1 nor fe>+ ! future4 7iv4 #ai47 ,x is j possible t 9 "s ( ^! passages "s read]s may detect a trace ( pa9ful self-consci\sness1 & imag9e t !y detect a little gra9 ( self-complac5ce4 ,some?+ ( self-consci\sness is p]haps inevitable 9 ! di>y & exam9ation ( 8 own consci5ce by "o :o sat on su* a lonely height2 b self-complac5cy !re is none4 ,nay1 !re is sometimes ev5 a cruel /]nness 9 ! way 9 :i* ! ,emp]or speaks ( 8 own self4 ,he c]ta9ly dealt n ) himself 9 ! mann] ( a dissembl] ) ,god4 ,:51 he says 7x4 #h71 ?\ ha/ assum$ ! names ( a man :o is good1 mode/1 rational1 magnanim\s1 cl+ to ^? names2 & if ?\ %\ld/ lose !m1 quickly return to !m4444 ,= to cont9ue to be su* z ?\ ha/ hi!rto be51 & to be torn 9 pieces1 & defil$ 9 su* a life1 is ! "* ( a v /upid man1 & "o ov]-fond ( 8 life1 & l ^? half-dev\r$ fight]s ) wild bea/s1 :o1 ?\gh cov]$ ) w\nds & gore1 /ill entreat to be kept till ! foll[+ day1 ?\gh !y w be expos$ 9 ! same /ate to ! same claws & bites4 ,!re=e fix ?yself 9 ! possession ( ^! few names3 & if ?\ art able to abide 9 !m1 abide z if ?\ 7 remov$ to ! ,isl&s ( ! ,ble/4 ,alas6 to ,aurelius1 9 ?is life1 ! ,isl&s ( ! ,ble/ 7 v f> away4 ,hea!n philosophy 0 exalt$ & eloqu5t1 b all its vot>ies 7 sad2 to ! peace ( ,god1 :i* passe? all und]/&+1 x 0 n giv5 !m to atta94 ,we see ,m>cus wise1 self-gov]n$1 t5d]1 ?ankful1 blameless1 says ,mr4 ,arnold1 yet ) all ?is agitat$1 /ret*+ out 8 arms = some?+ beyond--t5d5temque manue ripae ult]ioris amore ,i w quote 9 conclusion b ?ree %ort precepts3-- ,be *e]ful1 & seek n ext]nal help1 nor ! tranquillity :i* o!rs give4 ,a man mu/ /& erect1 n be kept erect by o!rs4 7iv4 #e47 ,be l ! promontory aga9/ :i* ! waves cont9ually break1 b x /&s firm & tames ! fury ( ! wat] ar\nd x 7iv4 #di47 ,?is comp>ison has be5 us$ _m a "t s9ce ! days ( ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,! read] w at once recall ,goldsmi?'s fam\s l9es3-- ,z "s tall cliff t re>s its awful =m1 ,swells f ! vale1 & midway leaves ! /orm1 ,?\gh r\nd its brea/ ! roll+ cl\ds are spread1 ,et]nal sun%9e settles on its head4 ,%ort is ! little t rema9s to !e ( life4 ,live z on a m\nta94 ,= x makes no diff]5ce :e!r a man lives !re or "h1 if he lives ev]y:]e 9 ! _w z 9 a civil community4 ,let m5 see1 let !m "k a real man :o lives z he 0 meant to live4 ,if !y _c endure him1 let !m kill him4 ,= t is bett] ?an to live z m5 d4 7x4 #ae47 ,su* 7 "s ( ! ?\ghts :i* ,m>cus ,aurelius wrote 9 8 di>y aft] days ( battle ) ! ,quadi1 & ! ,m>comanni1 & ! ,s>matae4 ,isolat$ f o!rs no less by moral gr&eur ?an by ! supremacy ( 8 sov]eign rank1 he s\ght ! society ( 8 own noble s\l4 ,i sometimes imag9e t ,i see him seat$ on ! bord]s ( "s gloomy ,pannonian =e/ or ,hung>ian m>%2 ?r\gh ! d>kness ! wat*fires ( ! enemy gleam 9 ! di/ance2 b bo? among !m1 & 9 ! camp ar\nd him1 e s\nd is hu%$1 except ! tread ( ! s5t9el outside ! imp]ial t5t2 & 9 t t5t long aft] midnight sits ! pati5t ,emp]or by ! light ( 8 solit>y lamp1 & ev] & anon1 amid 8 lonely mus+s1 he pauses to write d[n ! pure & holy ?\ghts :i* %all bett] enable him1 ev5 9 a ,roman palace1 ev5 on b>b>ian battlefields1 daily to tol]ate ! meanness & ! malignity ( ! m5 ar\nd him2 daily to am5d 8 own %ortcom+s1 &1 z ! sun ( e>?ly life beg9s to set1 daily to draw ne>] & ne>] to ! ,et]nal ,light4 ,& :5 ,i ?us ?9k ( him1 ,i "k n :e!r ! :ole ( hea!n antiquity1 out ( its gall]y ( /ately & royal figures1 c furni% a nobl]1 or pur]1 or m lovable picture ?an t ( ?is cr[n$ philosoph] & laurell$ h]o1 :o 0 yet "o ( ! humble/ & "o ( ! mo/ enlight5$ ( all anci5t ,seek]s aft] ,god4 ,,conclusion4 ,a sceptical writ] has obs]v$1 ) some?+ l a sne]1 t ! noble/ utt]ances ( ,gospel morality may be p>allel$ f ! writ+s ( hea!n philosoph]s4 ,! sne] is po9tless1 & ,*ri/ian morali/s h spontane\sly drawn att5tion to ! fact4 ,9 ?is volume1 s f> f try+ to conceal t x is s1 ,i h tak5 pleasure 9 plac+ side by side ! words ( ,apo/les & ( ,philosoph]s4 ,! div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity does n re/ on its morality alone4 ,by ! aid ( ! light :i* 0 )9 !m1 by deciph]+ ! law writt5 on _! own consci5ces1 h[ev] mu* its lett]s may h be5 oblit]at$ or dimm$1 ,plato1 & ,cic]o1 & ,s5eca1 & ,epictetus1 & ,aurelius 7 enabl$ to grasp & to enunciate a multitude ( great & memorable tru?s2 yet !y !mselves w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to admit ! wav]+ unc]ta9ty ( _! hopes & speculations1 & ! absolute necessity ( a fur!r illum9ation4 ,s /rong did t necessity appe> to "s ( ! wise/ among !m1 t ,socrates v5tures 9 express words to prophesy ! future adv5t ( "s heav5-s5t ,guide4#gj ,^? :o imag9e t )\t a writt5 revelation x w\ld h be5 possible to le>n all t is necess>y = man's well-be+1 are speak+ 9 direct contradiction ( ! greate/ hea!n tea*]s1 9 contradiction ev5 ( ^? v tea*]s to ^: writ+ !y po9t z ! pro( ( _! ass]tion4 ,augu/9e 0 express+ a v deep conviction :5 he said t 9 ,plato & 9 ,cic]o he met ) _m utt]ances :i* 7 beautiful & wise1 b among !m all he nev] f\nd1 ,come unto me1 all ye t lab\r & are heavy lad51 & ,i w refre% y4 ,glori\s z 0 ! wisdom ( anci5t ?\ght1 its k respect+ ! indwell+ ( ! ,_s1 ! resurrection ( ! body1 & ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 0 b fragm5t>y & vague4 ,bi%op ,butl] has ju/ly rem>k$ t ,! great doctr9es ( a future /ate1 ! dang]s ( a c\rse ( wick$ness1 & ! efficacy ( rep5tance are n only confirm$ 9 ! ,gospel1 b are taught1 especially ! la/ is1 ) a degree ( light to :i* t ( nature is d>kness4 ,footnote #gj3 ,x54 ,mem4 #a1 iv4 #ad2 ,plato1 ,alcib4 ii4 ,! morality ( ,paganism 01 on its own confession1 insuffici5t4 ,x 0 t5tative1 :]e ,*ri/ianity is au?oritative3 x 0 dim & p>tial1 :]e ,*ri/ianity is bright & complete2 x 0 inadequate to r\se ! sluggi% c>elessness ( mank9d1 :]e ,*ri/ianity came 9 ) an imp]ial & awak5+ p[]2 x gives only a rule1 :]e ,*ri/ianity supplies a pr9ciple4 ,& ev5 :]e its tea*+s 7 absolutely co9cid5t ) ^? ( ,scripture1 x fail$ to ratify !m ) a suffici5t sanction2 x fail$ to ann\nce !m ) ! same p[]ful & contagi\s ard\r2 x fail$ to furni% an absolutely faultless & vivid example ( _! practice2 x fail$ to inspire !m ) an irresi/ible motive2 x fail$ to support !m ) a p[]ful com=t "u ! difficulties :i* 7 sure to be enc\nt]$ 9 ! aim aft] a consi/5t & holy life4 ,! attempts ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs to %[ t ! tru?s ( anci5t philosophy 7 borr[$ f ,scripture are due 9 "s cases to ignorance & 9 "s to a want ( p]fect hone/y 9 controv]sial deal+4 ,t ,gideon 7,j]ubbaal7 is id5tical ) ! prie/ ,hi]ombalos :o suppli$ in=mation to ,san*onia?on1 ! ,b]ytian2 t ,?ales piec$ toge!r a philosophy f fragm5ts ( ,jewi% tru? le>n$ 9 ,pho5icia2 t ,py?agoras & ,democritus avail$ !mselves ( ,hebraic traditions1 collect$ dur+ _! travels2 t ,plato is a m]e ,atticis+ ,moses2 t ,ari/otle pick$ up 8 e?ical sy/em f a ,jew :om he met 9 ,asia2 t ,s5eca correspond$ ) ,/4 ,paul3 are ass]tions e bit z unhi/orical & false z t ,hom] 0 ?9k+ ( ,g5esis :5 he describ$ ! %ield ( ,a*illes1 or 7z ,clem5s ( ,alex&ria gravely in=ms u7 t ,miltiades won ! battle ( ,m>a?on by copy+ ! /rategy ( ! battle ( ,be?-,horon6 ,to say t ,pagan morality k9dl$ its fad$ tap] at ! ,gospel light1 :e!r furtively or unconsci\sly tak51 & t x dissembl$ ! obligation1 & made a boa/ ( ! spl5d\r z ?\gh x 7 orig9ally h] own1 or 7 suffici5t 9 h] h&s = ! moral illum9ation ( ! _w2 is to make an ass]tion :olly unt5able4#ga ,s5eca1 ,epictetus1 ,aurelius1 are among ! true/ & l(tie/ ( ,pagan morali/s1 yet ,s5eca ignor$ ! ,*ri/ians1 ,epictetus despis$1 & ,aurelius p]secut$ !m4 ,all ?ree1 s f> z !y knew any?+ ab\t ! ,*ri/ians at all1 _h unhappily be5 taught to look ^u !m z ! mo/ dete/able sect ( :at !y _h long reg>d$ z ! mo/ degrad$ & ! mo/ dete/able ( religions4 ,footnote #ga3 ,see = v>i\s /atem5ts 9 ?is passage1 ,josephus1 c4 ,apion4 ii4 ,section #cf2 ,cic4 ,de ,f94 v4 #be2 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom1 #a1 xxii4 #aej1 xxv4 v4 #ad2 ,euseb42 ,pr(4 ,evang4 x4 #d1 ix4 #e1 c42 ,lactant4 ,in/4 ,div4 iv4 #b1 c4 ,!re is some?+ v t\*+ 9 ?is fact2 b1 if !re be some?+ v t\*+1 !re is also some?+ v enc\rag+4 ,god 0 _! ,god z well z ours--_! ,creator1 _! ,pres]v]1 :o left n ,himself )\t witness among !m2 :o1 z !y bl9dly felt aft] ,him1 suff]$ _! grop+ h&s to grasp ! hem ( ,8 robe2 :o s5t !m ra9 f heav51 & fruitful seasons1 fill+ _! he>ts ) joy & gladness4 ,& ,8 ,_s 0 ) !m1 dwell+ 9 !m1 ?\gh unse5 & unkn[n1 purify+ & sanctify+ ! temple ( _! he>ts1 s5d+ gleams ( illum9at+ light ?r\gh ! gross d>kness :i* encompass$ !m1 com=t+ _! unc]ta9ties1 mak+ int]cession = !m ) groan+ :i* _c be utt]$4 ,& m ?an all1 our ,savi\r 0 _! ,savi\r1 too2 ,he1 :om !y reg>d$ z a crucifi$ malefactor 0 _! true invisible ,k+2 ?r\gh ,8 righte\sness _! poor m]its 7 accept$2 _! inw>d sicknesses 7 heal$2 ,he ^: wor%ip !y d5\nc$ z an execrable sup]/ition /ood supplicat+ = !m at ! "r h& ( ! ,maje/y on high1 help+ !m 7?\gh !y knew ,him n7 to cru% all t 0 evil )9 !m1 & plead+ = !m :5 !y p]secut$ ev5 ! mo/ belov$ ( ,8 sa9ts1 ,fa!r1 =give !m2 = !y "k n :at !y d4 ,yes1 !y too 7 all ,8 (fspr+4 ,ev5 if !y _h n be51 %\ld we grudge t "s ( ! *ildr5's meat %\ld be giv5 unto dogs8 ,%all we d5y to ^! unconsci\s prophecies ( hea!ndom _! oracul> significance8 ,%all we be jeal\s ( ! e?ical l(t9ess ( a ,plato or an ,aurelius8 ,%all we be lo? to admit t "s p[] ( ! ,_s ( ,*ri/1 ev5 mid ! d>k w&]+s ( ,s5eca's life1 kept him /ill consci\s ( a nobl] & a bett] way1 or t "s sweetness ( a div9e hope inspir$ ! depressions ( ,epictetus 9 8 slav]y8 ,%all our eye be evil because ,god 9 ,8 goodness grant$ ! hea!n also to "k su* tru?s z enabl$ !m to ov]come ! allurem5ts ( ! visible & ! t]rors ( ! invisible _w8 ,yes1 if we h ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* s mean a conception t we look ^u x z a m]e human society1 set up 9 ! _w to def5d a c]ta9 religion aga9/ a c]ta9 o!r religion4 ,b if on ! o!r h& we believe t x 0 a society e/abli%$ by ,god z a witness = ! true condition ( all human be+s1 we %all rejoice to ackn[l$ge its memb]s to be :at !y believ$ !mselves to be1--confessors & m>tyrs = a tru? :i* !y c\ld n fully embrace or compreh5d1 b :i*1 ?r\gh _! lives & dea?s1 ?r\gh ! "r & wrong acts1 ! true & false words1 ( ^? :o und]/& !m lea/1 0 to manife/ & prove itself4 ,^? :o hold ?is conviction d>e n conceal1 or misrepres5t1 or und]value1 any "o ( ^? weighty & memorable s5t5ces :i* are to be f\nd 9 ! ,m$itation ( ,m>cus ,aurelius4 ,if !y did1 !y w\ld be und]rat+ a portion ( t v tru? :i* ! prea*]s ( ! ,gospel 7 appo9t$ to set =?2 !y w\ld be adopt+ ! error ( ! philosophical ,emp]or )\t 8 excuse = x4 ,nor d>e !y pret5d t ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ _h unconsci\sly imp>t$ to him a portion ( its own light :ile he seem$ to exclude x4 ,!y w believe t x 0 ,god's good pleasure t a c]ta9 tru? %\ld be seiz$ & appreh5d$ by ?is age1 & !y w see indications ( :at t tru? 0 9 ! ef=ts ( ,plut>* to und]/& ! ',daemon' :i* guid$ ,socrates1 9 ! c\rage\s language ( ,ignatius1 9 ! bewild]+ dreams ( ! ,gno/ics1 9 ! eag]ness ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr to prove ,*ri/ianity a philosophy 444 9 ! appreh5sion ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciples by ,m>cus ,aurelius1 & 9 8 hatr$ ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,f e side !y w d]ive evid5ce1 t a doctr9e & society :i* 7 meant = mank9d _c dep5d ^u1 ! p>tial views & appreh5sions ( m51 mu/ g on ju/ify+1 reconcil+1 confut+1 ^? views & appreh5sions by ! demon/ration ( facts #gb ,footnote #gb3 ,maurice1 ,philos4 ( ! ,fir/ ,six ,c5turies1 p4 #cg4 ,we v5ture specially to recomm5d ?is weighty & beautiful passage to ! read]'s s]i\s att5tion4 ,b p]haps "s read] w say1 ,:at advantage1 !n1 c we ga9 by /udy+ 9 ,pagan writ]s tru?s :i* are express$ m nobly1 m cle>ly1 & inf9itely m effectually 9 our own sacr$ books8 ,be=e answ]+ ! "q1 let me m5tion ! traditional anecdote#gc ( ! ,caliph ,om>4 ,:5 he conqu]$ ,alex&ria1 he 0 %[n its magnific5t libr>y1 9 :i* 7 collect$ untold treasures ( lit]ature1 ga!r$ toge!r by ! zeal1 ! lab\r1 & ! lib]ality ( a dyna/y ( k+s4 ,:at is ! good ( all ^? books8 he said4 ,!y are ei!r 9 accordance ) ! ,koran1 or contr>y to x4 ,if ! =m] !y are sup]flu\s2 if ! latt] !y are p]nici\s4 ,9 ei!r case let !m be burnt4 ,burnt !y 71 z leg5d tells2 b all ! _w has condemn$ ! ,caliph's reason+ z a piece ( /upid ,phili/9ism & b>b>\s bigotry4 ,p]haps ! "q z to ! use ( read+ ,pagan e?ics is equally unphilosophical2 at any rate1 we c sp>e b v few words to its consid]ation4 ,! answ] obvi\sly is1 t ,god has spok5 to m51 ,greek3 polym]os kai polytropos1 at sundry times & 9 div]s mann]s1 #gd ) a ri*ly v>iegat$ wisdom4#ge ,sometimes ,he has taught tru? by ! voice ( ,hebrew prophets1 sometimes by ! voice ( ,pagan philosoph]s4 ,& all ,8 voices dem& our li/5+ e>4 ,if x 0 giv5 to ! ,jew to speak ) div9] insight & int5s] p[]1 x is giv5 to ! ,g5tile also to speak at times ) a l>ge & l(ty utt]ance1 & we may le>n tru? f m5 ( ali5 lips & ano!r tongue4 ,!y1 too1 _h ! dream1 ! vision1 ! d>k say+ ^u ! h>p1 ! daught] ( a voice1 ! my/ic fla%es ^u ! grav5 gems4 ,& su* tru?s come to u ) a s+ul> =ce & fre%ness2 ) a /range beauty z ! doctr9es ( a less brightly illum9at$ manhood2 ) a new p[] ( conviction f _! orig9ality ( =m1 :i*1 because x is less famili> to u1 is well calculat$ to arre/ our att5tion aft] x has be5 p>alys$ by famili> repetitions4 ,we _c af=d to lose ^! hea!n te/imonies to ,*ri/ian tru?2 or to hu% ! glori\s utt]ances ( ,muse & ,sibyl :i* h ju/ly outliv$ ! drums & trampl+s ( a hundr$ triumphs4 ,we may make !m inf9itely pr(itable to u4 ,if ,/4 ,paul quotes ,aratus1 & ,m5&]1 & ,epim5ides1#gf & p]haps m ?an "o lyrical melody besides1 ) e>ne/ appreciation1--if ! inspir$ ,apo/le c\ld bo? le>n himself & tea* o!rs out ( ! utt]ances ( a ,cretan philosoph] & an ,attic com$ian1 we may be sure t _m ( ,s5eca's apoph!gams w\ld h fill$ him ) pleasure1 & t he w\ld h be5 able to read ,epictetus & ,aurelius ) ! same noble admiration :i* made him see ) ?ankful emotion t memorable alt> ,,to ,,! ,,unkn[n ,,god4 ,footnote #gc3 ,n[ kn[n to be unhi/orical4 ,footnote #gd3 ,heb4 i4 #a4 ,footnote #ge3 ,greek3 polypoikilos dophia4 ,footnote #gf3 ,see ,acts xvii4 #bh2 #a ,cor42 ,tit4 i4 #ab4 ,let u !n make a brief & f9al sket* ( ! ?ree great ,/oics ^: lives we h be5 contemplat+1 ) a view to summ+ up _! specialties1 _! defici5cies1 & ! peculi> relations to1 or div]g5ces f1 ,*ri/ian tru?1 :i* _! writ+s pres5t to u4 ,s5eca saepe no/]1 ,s5eca1 (t5 our own1 is ! expression ( ,t]tullian1 & he uses x z an excuse = frequ5t ref]5ces to 8 works4 ,yet if1 ( ! ?ree1 he be mo/ l ,*ri/ianity 9 p>ticul> passages1 he div]ges mo/ widely f x 9 8 g5]al _s4 ,he div]ges f ,*ri/ianity 9 _m ( 8 modes ( reg>d+ life1 & 9 _m ( 8 mo/ important beliefs4 ,:at1 = in/ance1 is 8 ma9 conception ( ! ,deity8 ,s5eca is g5]ally a ,pan!i/4 ,no d\bt he speaks ( ,god's love & goodness1 b ) him ,god is no p]sonal liv+ ,fa!r1 b ! s\l ( ! univ]se--! fi]y1 primaeval1 et]nal pr9ciple :i* transfuses an in]t1 & no less et]nal1 matt]1 & ( :i* our s\ls are1 z x 71 b div9e p>ticles or pass+ sp>ks4 ,god1 he says1 is ,nature1 is ,fate1 is ,=tune1 is ! ,univ]se1 is ! all-p]vad+ ,m9d4 ,he _c *ange ! sub/ance ( ! univ]se1 ,he is himself "u ! p[] ( ,de/9y1 :i* is uncontrollable & immutable4 ,x is n ,god :o rolls ! ?und]1 x is ,fate4 ,he does n rejoice 9 ,8 works1 b is id5tical ) !m4 ,9 fact1 ,s5eca w\ld h he>tily adopt$ ! words ( ,pope3 ,all are b p>ts ( "o /up5d\s :ole1 ,^: body nature is1 & ,god ! s\l4 ,?\gh !re may be a vague s5se 9 :i* ^? words may be admitt$ & expla9$ by ,*ri/ians1 yet1 9 ! m9d ( ,s5eca1 !y l$ to conclusions directly oppos$ to ^? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,) him1 = in/ance1 ! wise man is ! equal ( ,god2 n ,8 ador]1 n ,8 s]vant1 n ,8 suppliant1 b ,8 associate1 ,8 relation4 ,he diff]s f ,god 9 "t alone4 ,h5ce all pray] is ne$less he says1 & ! =ms ( ext]nal wor%ip are sup]flu\s & pu]ile4 ,x is fooli% to beg = t :i* y c imp>t to y\rself4 ,:at ne$ is !re ( v[s8 ,make y\rself happy4 ,nay1 9 ! intol]able arrogance :i* m>k$ ! wor/ ab]ration ( ,/oicism1 ! wise man is "u c]ta9 aspects plac$ ev5 high] ?an ,god--high] ?an ,god ,himself--because ,god is beyond ! rea* ( mis=tunes1 b ! wise man is sup]ior to _! angui%2 & because ,god is good ( necessity1 b ! wise man f *oice4 ,?is wret*$ & inflat$ p>adox occurs 9 ,s5eca's treatise ,on ,provid5ce1 & 9 ! same treatise he glorifies suicide1 & expresses a d\bt z to ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,aga91 ! two pr9ciples on :i* ,s5eca reli$ z ! basis ( all 8 moral sy/em are3 fir/1 ! pr9ciple t we ought to foll[ ,nature2 &1 secondly1 ! suppos$ p]fectibility ( ! ideal man4 #a4 ,n[1 ( c\rse1 if we expla9 ?is precept ( foll[+ ,nature z ,juv5al has expla9$ x1 & say t ! voice ( ,nature is always co9cid5t ) ! voice ( philosophy--if we prove t our real nature is none o!r ?an ! dictate ( our highe/ & mo/ nobly tra9$ reason1 & if we c e/abli% ! fact t e de$ ( cruelty1 ( %ame1 ( lu/1 or ( selfi%ness1 is ess5tially contr>y to our nature--!n we may say ) ,bi%op ,butl]1 t ! precept to foll[ ,nature is a mann] ( speak+ n loose & undet]m9ate1 b cle> & di/9ct1 /rictly j & true4 ,b h[ complete mu/ be ! sy/em1 h[ long ! prelim9>y tra9+1 :i* alone c enable u to f9d any practical value1 any appreciable aid to a virtu\s life1 9 a dogma su* z ?is6 ,&1 9 ! h&s ( ,s5eca1 x becomes a v empty =mula4 ,he entirely lack$ ! ke5 insight & dialectic subtlety ( su* a writ] z ,bi%op ,butl]2 &1 9 8 explanation ( ?is ,/oical %ibbole?1 any real mean+ :i* x may possess is evaporat$ into a gorge\s mi/ ( confus$ declamation & spl5did commonplace4 #b4 ,nor is he mu* m =tunate ) 8 ideal man4 ,?is pomp\s ab/raction pres5ts u ) a conception at once ambiti\s & /]ile4 ,! ,/oic wise man is a sort ( moral ,pho5ix1 impossible & repulsive4 ,he is intrepid 9 dang]s1 free f all passion1 happy 9 adv]sity1 calm 9 ! /orm2 he alone kn[s h[ to live1 because he alone kn[s h[ to die2 he is ! ma/] ( ! _w1 because he is ma/] ( himself1 & ! equal ( ,god2 he looks d[n ^u ev]y?+ ) sublime imp]turbability1 despis+ ! sadnesses ( humanity & smil+ ) irritat+ l(t9ess at all our hopes & all our fe>s4 ,b1 9 ano!r sket* ( ?is faultless & unpleasant mon/]1 ,s5eca pres5ts u1 n ! pr\d a?lete :o *all5ges ! univ]se & is invuln]able to all ! /+s & arr[s ( passion or ( fate1 b a h]o 9 ! s]5ity ( absolute triumph1 m t5d]1 inde$1 b /ill )\t desires1 )\t passions1 )\t ne$s1 :o c fell no pity1 because pity is a weakness :i* di/urbs 8 sapi5t calm6 ,well might ! eloqu5t ,bossuet exclaim1 z he read ( ^! *im]ical p]fections1 ,x is to take a tone too l(ty = feeble & mortal m54 ,b1 ,o maxims truly pomp\s6 ,o affect$ ins5sibility6 ,o false & imag9>y wisdom6 :i* fancies itself /rong because x is h>d1 & g5]\s because x is puff$ up6 ,h[ are ^! pr9ciples oppos$ to ! mode/ simplicity ( ! ,savi\r ( s\ls1 :o1 9 our ,gospel contemplat+ ,8 fai?ful ones 9 affliction1 confesses t !y w be sadd5$ by x6 ,ye %all weep & lam5t4 ,%all ,*ri/ians be jeal\s ( su* wisdom z ,/oicism did really atta91 :5 !y comp>e ?is dry & bloodless ideal ) ,him :o wept ov] ,j]usalem & m\rn$ by ! grave ( ,laz>us1 :o _h a "m & a fri5d1 :o disda9$ none1 :o piti$ all1 :o humbl$ ,himself to dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( ! cross1 ^: div9e excell5ce we _c inde$ atta9 because ,he is ,god1 b ^: example we c imitate because ,he 0 v man8#gg ,footnote #gg3 ,see ,m>?a1 ,les ,morali/es1 p4 #ej2 ,aub]t91 ,snque et ,/4 ,paul p4 #bej4 ,! "o gr& aim ( ! life & philosophy ( ,s5eca 0 ,ease4 ,x is ! topic :i* con/antly recurs 9 8 books ,on a ,happy ,life1 ,on ,tranquility ( ,m9d1 ,on ,ang]1 & ,on ! ,ease & ,on ! ,firmness ( ! ,sage4 ,x is ! pitiless apa?y1 ! /]n repression1 ( e =m ( emotion1 :i* 0 con/antly glorifi$ z ! aim ( philosophy4 ,x made ,/ilpo exclaim1 :5 he _h lo/ wife1 prop]ty1 & *ildr51 t he _h lo/ no?+1 because he c>ri$ 9 8 own p]son ev]y?+ :i* he possess$4 ,x l$ ,s5eca into all t is mo/ unnatural1 all t is mo/ fanta/ic1 & all t is lea/ s9c]e 9 8 writ+s2 x 0 ! bitt] s\rce ( disgrace & failure 9 8 life4 ,x comes out wor/ ( all 9 8 book ,on ,ang]4 ,ari/otle _h said t ,ang] 0 a good s]vant b a bad ma/]2 ,plato _h recogniz$ ! imm5se value & importance ( ! irascible elem5t 9 ! moral con/itution4 ,ev5 ,*ri/ian writ]s1 9 spite ( ,bi%op ,butl]1 h (t5 lo/ sight ( ?is tru?1 & h =gott5 t to a noble nature ! hate ( hate & ! scorn ( scorn are z indisp5sable z ! love ( love4 ,b ,s5eca almo/ gets angry himself at ! v notion ( ! wise man be+ angry & indignant ev5 aga9/ moral evil4 ,no1 he mu/ n get angry1 because x w\ld di/urb 8 sublime calm2 &1 if he all[$ himself to be angry at wrong-do+1 he w\ld h to be angry all day long4 ,?is practical ,epicureanism1 ?is idle acquiesc5ce 9 ! suppos$ incurability ( evil1 poison$ all ,s5eca's c>e]4 ,he _h tutor$ himself1 says ,pr(essor ,maurice1 to endure p]sonal injuries )\t indulg+ an ang]2 he _h tutor$ himself to look ^u all moral evil )\t ang]4 ,if ! doctr9e is s\nd & ! discipl9e desirable1 we mu/ be cont5t to take ! :ole result ( !m4 ,if we w n d t1 we mu/ resolve to hate oppression & wrong1 ev5 at ! co/ ( philosophical composure ,b repose is n to be our aim3-- ,we h no "r to bliss1 ,no title f ! gods to welf>e & repose4 ,x is "o ( ! tru?s :i* seems to me mo/ ne$$ 9 ! mod]n religi\s _w1 t ! type ( a ,*ri/ian's virtue mu/ be v mis]able1 & ord9>y1 & ineffectual1 if he does n feel 8 :ole s\l burn )9 him ) an almo/ implacable moral indignation at ! sight ( cruelty & inju/ice1 ( ,ph>isaic fai?lessness & social crimes4 ,i h ?us freely criticis$ ! radical defects ( ,/oicism1 s f> z ,s5eca is its legitimate expon5t2 b ,i _c cons5t to leave him ) ! language ( depreciation1 & !re=e "h ,i w once m endorse :at an anonym\s writ] has said ( him3 ,an unconsci\s ,*ri/ianity cov]s all 8 s5tim5ts4 ,if ! fair fame ( ! man is sulli$1 ! aspiration to a high] life _c be d5i$ to ! philosoph]2 if ! t9kl+ cymbal ( a /ilt$ ,/oicism sometimes s\nds ?r\gh ! nobl] music1 x /ill leaves ! tru] melody vibrat+ on ! e>4 #b4 ,if ,s5eca s\ght = ,,ease1 ! gr& aim ( ,epictetus 0 ,,fre$om1 ( ,m>cus ,aurelius 0 ,,self-,,gov]nm5t4 ,?is diff]5ce ( aim *>act]ises _! entire philosophy1 ?\gh all ?ree ( !m are fill$ ) precepts :i* arise f ! ,/oical contempt ( op9ion1 ( =tune1 & ( dea?4 ,epictetus1 ! slave1 ) imp]turbable calm1 volunt>ily /rikes (f ! desire = all ^? bless+s ( :i* =tune _h already depriv$ him4 ,s5eca1 :o liv$ 9 ! ,c\rt1 f5c$ himself be=eh& aga9/ mis=tune ) ! _s ( a man ( ! _w & ! emphasis ( a ma/] ( eloqu5ce4 ,m>cus ,aurelius1 at ! z5i? ( human p[]--hav+ no?+ to dread except 8 passions1 & f9d+ no?+ above him except immutable necessity1--surveys 8 own s\l & m$itates especially on ! et]nal m>* ( ?+s4 ,! "o is ! resign$ slave1 :o nei!r desires nor fe>s2 ! o!r1 ! great "l1 :o has ev]y?+ to lose2 ! ?ird1 f9ally1 ! emp]or1 :o is dep5d5t only on himself & ^u ,god4 ,( ,epictetus & ,m>cus ,aurelius we %all h v little to say by way ( summ>y1 = !y %[ no inconsi/5cies & v few ( ! imp]fections :i* *>act]ise ,s5eca's ideal ( ! ,/oic philosophy4 ,! moral p$dl+1 ! p$agogic display1 ! pu]ile o/5tation1 ! anti!tic brilliancy1 :i* we h _h to po9t out 9 ,s5eca1 are want+ 9 !m4 ,! picture ( ! inn] life1 inde$1 ( ,s5eca1 8 ef=ts aft] self-discipl9e1 8 untir+ asceticism1 8 en?usiasm = all t he e/eems holy & ( good report-?is picture1 m>r$ z x is by rhetoric & va9 self-conceit1 yet /&s out 9 noble contra/ to ! sw9i%ness ( ! ,campanian villas1 & is1 9 its complex entirety1 v sad & affect+4 ,& yet we mu/ admit1 9 ! words ( ! same writ]1 t :5 we g f ,s5eca to ,epictetus & ,m>cus ,aurelius1 x is go+ f ! florid to ! sev]e1 f v>i$ feel+ to ! imp]sonal simplicity ( ! tea*]1 (t5 f idle rhetoric to dev\t e>ne/ness4 ,z f> z x goes1 ! morality ( ^! two great ,/oics is entirely noble & entirely beautiful4 ,if !re be ev5 9 ,epictetus "s pass+ & occasional t\* ( ,/oic arrogance & ,/oic apa?y2 if !re be 9 ,m>cus ,aurelius a dep? & int5sity ( sadness :i* %[s h[ comp>atively p[]less = com=t 0 a philosophy :i* glorifi$ suicide1 :i* knew b little ( immortality1 & :i* lo/ 9 vague ,pan!ism ! unspeakable bless+ ( realiz+ a p]sonal relation to a p]sonal ,god & ,fa!r--!re is yet 9 bo? ( !m en\gh & m ?an en\gh to %[ t 9 all ages & 9 all c\ntries !y :o h s\ght = ,god h f\nd ,him1 t !y h atta9$ to high pr9ciples ( ?\ght & to high /&>ds ( action--t !y h be5 enabl$1 ev5 9 ! ?ick d>kness1 resolutely to place _! feet at lea/ on ! l[e/ r\nds ( t ladd] ( sunbeams :i* w9ds up ?r\gh ! d>kness to ! great ,fa!r ( ,lights4 ,& yet ! v exi/5ce ( su* m5 is 9 itself a significant comm5t ^u ! ,scriptural decision t ! _w by wisdom knew n ,god4 ,= h[ _m l !m1 out ( all ! records ( antiquity1 is x possible = u to c\nt8 ,are !re five m5 9 ! :ole circle ( anci5t hi/ory & anci5t lit]ature to :om we c\ld1 )\t a s5se ( incongruity1 accord ! title ( holy8 ,:5 we h m5tion$ ,socrates1 ,epictetus1 & ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ,i h>dly "k ( ano!r4 ,j m5 !re 7 9 multitudes--m5 capable ( high actions2 m5 em95tly wor?y to be lov$2 m51 ,i d\bt n1 :o1 :5 ! *ildr5 ( ! k+dom %all be reject$1 %all be ga!r$ f ! ea/ & ! we/ ) ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob1 into ! k+dom ( heav54 ,yes1 j m5 9 multitudes2 b h[ _m righte\s1 h[ _m holy8 ,"s1 d\btless1 :om we d n "k1 ^: names 7 nev] writt51 ev5 = a few ye>s1 on ! records ( mank9d--m5 & wom5 9 unkn[n villages & humble homes1 ! fai?ful :o 7 n fam\s4 ,we d n d\bt t !re 7 su*--b 7 !y relatively num]\s8 ,if ^? :o rose above ! level ( ! multitude--if ^? :om "s =m ( excell5ce1 & (t5 ( virtue1 elevat$ into ! rev]5ce ( _! fell[s--pres5t to u a few examples ( /a9less life1 c we hope t a tol]able ideal ( sanctity 0 atta9$ by any l>ge proportion ( ! ord9>y myriads8 ,see+ t ! dang]\s lot ( ! majority 0 ca/ amid ! welt]+ sea ( popul> depravity1 c we v5ture to hope t _m ( !m succe$$ 9 rea*+ "s gre5 isl& ( purity1 integrity1 & calm8 ,we c h>dly ?9k x2 & yet1 9 ! disp5sation ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 we see su* a condition daily realiz$4 ,n only d we see _m ( ! em95t1 b also c\ntless multitudes ( ! l[ly & obscure1 ^: common lives are1 z x 71 transfigur$ ) a light f heav54 ,unhappy1 inde$1 is he :o has n kn[n su* m5 9 p]son1 & ^: hopes & habits h n caught "s t\* ( radiance reflect$ f ! nobility & virtue ( lives l ^!4 ,! ?\ght has be5 well express$ by ! au?or ( ,ecce ,homo1 & we may well ask ) him1 ,if ?is be s1 has ,*ri/ fail$1 or c ,*ri/ianity die8 ,no1 x has n fail$2 x _c die2 = ! sav+ k :i* x has imp>t$ is ! mo/ ine/imable bless+ :i* ,god has grant$ to our race4 ,we h wat*$ philosophy 9 its l(tie/ flight1 b t flight rose z f> above ! range ( ! ,pagan populace z ,ida or ,olympus rises above ! pla93 & ev5 ! topmo/ cre/s ( ,ida & ,olympus are immeasurably bel[ ! blue vault1 ! body ( heav5 9 its cle>ness1 to :i* x has be5 grant$ to "s ,*ri/ians to atta94 ,z reg>ds ! multitude1 philosophy _h no influ5ce ov] ! he>t & "*2 x 0 sect>ian1 n univ]sal2 ! religion ( ! few1 n ( ! _m4 ,x ex]cis$ no creative p[] ov] political or social life2 x /ood 9 no su* relation to ! pa/ z ! ,new ,te/am5t to ! ,old4 ,its be/ ?\ghts 7 b views & aspects ( ! tru?2 !re 0 no c5tre ar\nd :i* !y mov$1 no div9e life by :i* !y 7 impell$2 !y seem$ to vani% & flit 9 unc]ta9 succession ( light4 ,b ,*ri/ianity1 on ! o!r h&1 gl[$ ) a /eady & unwav]+ brightness2 x n only sway$ ! he>ts ( individuals by /irr+ !m to _! utmo/ dep?s1 b x m\ld$ ! laws ( nations1 & reg5]at$ ! :ole condition ( society4 ,x gave to mank9d a fre% sanction 9 ! ^w ( ,*ri/1 a p]fect example 9 ,8 life1 a p[]ful motive 9 ,8 love1 an all suffici5t com=t 9 ! life ( immortality made sure & c]ta9 to u by ,8 ,resurrection & ,asc5sion4 ,b if )\t ?is sanction1 & example1 & motive1 & com=t1 ! pagans c\ld le>n to d ,8 w1--if1 amid ! gross d>kness ?r\gh :i* glitt]s ! degrad$ civilization ( imp]ial ,rome1 an ,epictetus & an ,aurelius c\ld live blameless lives 9 a cell & on a ?rone1 & a ,s5eca c\ld practise simplicity & self-d5ial 9 ! mid/ ( luxury & pride--h[ mu* l(ti] %\ld be bo? ! zeal & ! atta9m5ts ( u to :om ,god has spok5 by ,8 ,son8 ,:at mann] ( m5 ought we to be8 ,if ,tyre & ,sidon & ,sodom %all rise 9 ! judgm5t to be> witness aga9/ ,*oraz9 & ,be?saida1 may n ! pure lives ( ^! great ,seek]s aft] ,god add a c]ta9 emphasis ( condemnation to ! vice1 ! pett9ess1 ! mammon-wor%ip ( _m among u to :om ,8 love1 ,8 nature1 ,8 attributes h be5 reveal$ ) a cle>ness & fullness ( k = :i* k+s & philosoph]s h s\ght inde$ & s\ght e>ne/ly1 b s\ght 9 va98