,,! ,,essays ,,( ,,ar?ur ,,s*op5hau] ,,religion3 ,a ,,dialogue1 ,,etc4 ,,translat$ ,,by ,t4 ,,bailey ,,saund]s1 ,m4,a4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,prefatory ,,note ,,religion3 ,a ,,dialogue ,a ,,few ,,words ,,on ,,pan!ism ,,on ,,books ,,& ,,read+ ,,on ,,physiognomy ,,psy*ological ,,obs]vations ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,sy/em ,,prefatory ,,note ,s*op5hau] is "o ( ! few philosoph]s :o c be g5]ally und]/ood )\t a comm5t>y4 ,all 8 !ories claim to be drawn direct f ! facts1 to be sugge/$ by obs]vation1 & to int]pret ! _w z x is2 & :atev] view he takes1 he is con/ant 9 8 appeal to ! exp]i5ce ( common life4 ,?is *>act]i/ic end[s 8 /yle ) a fre%ness & vigor :i* w\ld be difficult to mat* 9 ! philosophical writ+ ( any c\ntry1 & impossible 9 t ( ,g]many4 ,if x 7 ask$ :e!r !re 7 any circum/ances ap>t f h]$ity1 to :i* he ow$ 8 m5tal habit1 ! answ] might be f\nd 9 ! abnormal "* ( 8 e>ly education1 8 acqua9tance ) ! _w r ?an ) books1 ! ext5sive travels ( 8 boyhood1 8 ard5t pursuit ( k = its own sake & )\t reg>d to ! emolum5ts & end[m5ts ( le>n+4 ,he 0 tra9$ 9 realities ev5 m ?an 9 ideas2 & h5ce he is orig9al1 =cible1 cle>1 an enemy ( all philosophic indef9it5ess & obscurity2 s t x may well be said ( him1 9 ! words ( a writ] 9 ! ,revue ,contempora9e1 ce n'e/ pas un philosophe comme les autres1 c'e/ un philosophe qui a vu le monde4 ,x is n my purpose1 nor w\ld x be possible )9 ! limits ( a prefatory note1 to attempt an acc\nt ( ,s*op5hau]'s philosophy1 to indicate its s\rces1 or to sugge/ or rebut ! objections :i* may be tak5 to x4 ,m4 ,ribot1 9 8 excell5t little book1 ,footnote3 ,la ,philosophie de ,s*op5hau]1 p> ,?4 ,ribot4 has done all t is necess>y 9 ?is direction4 ,b ! essays "h pres5t$ ne$ a ^w ( explanation4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 & ,s*op5hau] himself is at pa9s to po9t out1 t 8 sy/em is l a citadel ) a hundr$ gates3 at :atev] po9t y take x up1 :]ev] y make y\r entrance1 y are on ! road to ! c5t]4 ,9 ?is respect 8 writ+s resemble a s]ies ( essays compos$ 9 support ( a s+le !sis2 a circum/ance :i* l$ him to insi/1 m emphatically ev5 ?an mo/ philosoph]s1 t = a prop] und]/&+ ( 8 sy/em x 0 necess>y to read e l9e he _h writt54 ,p]haps x w\ld be m correct to describe ,die ,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung z 8 ma9 !sis1 & 8 o!r treatises z m]ely coroll>y to x4 ,! essays 9 ?is volume =m "p ( ! coroll>y2 !y are tak5 f a collection publi%$ t[>ds ! close ( ,s*op5hau]'s life1 & by him entitl$ ,p>]ga und ,p>alipom5a1 z be+ 9 ! nature ( surplusage & illu/rative ( 8 ma9 position4 ,!y are by f> ! mo/ popul> ( 8 works1 & s9ce _! fir/ publication 9 #ahea1 !y h done mu* to build up 8 fame4 ,writt5 s z to be intelligible en\gh 9 !mselves1 ! t5d5cy ( _m ( !m is t[>ds ! fundam5tal idea on :i* 8 sy/em is bas$4 ,x may !re=e be conv5i5t to summ>ize t idea 9 a c\ple ( s5t5ces2 m especially z ,s*op5hau] sometimes writes z if 8 advice _h be5 foll[$ & 8 read]s 7 acqua9t$ ) ! :ole ( 8 "w4 ,all philosophy is 9 "s s5se ! endeavor to f9d a unify+ pr9ciple1 to discov] ! mo/ g5]al conception und]ly+ ! :ole field ( nature & ( k4 ,by "o ( ^? bold g5]alizations :i* occasionally m>k a real advance 9 ,sci5ce1 ,s*op5hau] conceiv$ ?is unify+ pr9ciple1 ?is und]ly+ unity1 to consi/ 9 some?+ analog\s to t w :i* self-consci\sness reveals to u4 ,w is1 accord+ to him1 ! fundam5tal reality ( ! _w1 ! ?+-9-itself2 & its objectivation is :at is pres5t$ 9 ph5om5a4 ,! /ruggle ( ! w to realize itself evolves ! organism1 :i* 9 its turn evolves intellig5ce z ! s]vant ( ! w4 ,& 9 practical life ! antagonism betwe5 ! w & ! intellect arises f ! fact t ! =m] is ! metaphysical sub/ance1 ! latt] some?+ accid5tal & second>y4 ,& fur!r1 w is desire1 t is to say1 ne$ ( some?+2 h5ce ne$ & pa9 are :at is positive 9 ! _w1 & ! only possible happ9ess is a negation1 a r5unciation ( ! w to live4 ,x is in/ructive to note1 z ,m4 ,ribot po9ts out1 t 9 f9d+ ! orig9 ( all ?+s1 n 9 intellig5ce1 z "s ( 8 pr$ecessors 9 philosophy _h done1 b 9 w1 or ! =ce ( nature1 f :i* all ph5om5a h develop$1 ,s*op5hau] 0 anticipat+ some?+ ( ! sci5tific _s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,to ?is x may be add$ t 9 combat+ ! me?od ( ,fi*te & ,hegel1 :o spun a sy/em out ( ab/ract ideas1 & 9 disc>d+ x = "o bas$ on obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 ,s*op5hau] c be said to h br\ght d[n philosophy f heav5 to e>?4 ,9 ,s*op5hau]'s view ! v>i\s =ms ( ,religion are no less a product ( human +5uity ?an ,art or ,sci5ce4 ,he holds1 9 effect1 t all religions take _! rise 9 ! desire to expla9 ! _w2 & t1 9 reg>d to tru? & error1 !y diff]1 9 ! ma91 n by prea*+ mono!ism poly!ism or pan!ism1 b 9 s f> z !y recognize pessimism or optimism z ! true description ( life4 ,h5ce any religion :i* look$ ^u ! _w z be+ radically evil appeal$ to him z conta9+ an inde/ructible elem5t ( tru?4 ,i h endeavor$ to pres5t 8 view ( two ( ! great religions ( ! _w 9 ! extract :i* concludes ?is volume1 & to :i* ,i h giv5 ! title ( ,! ,*ri/ian ,sy/em4 ,! t5or ( x is to %[ t1 h[ev] little he may h be5 9 sympa?y ) ! sup]natural elem5t1 he ow$ mu* to ! moral doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity & ( ,buddhism1 betwe5 :i* he trac$ great resemblance4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,dialogue he applies himself to a discussion ( ! practical efficacy ( religi\s =ms2 & ?\gh he 0 an enemy ( cl]icalism1 8 *oice ( a me?od :i* all[s bo? ! affirmation & ! d5ial ( t efficacy to be pres5t$ ) equal =ce may p]haps h be5 direct$ by ! consci\sness t he c\ld n side ) ei!r view to ! exclusion ( ! o!r4 ,9 any case 8 practical philosophy 0 t\*$ ) ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 m ?an arti/ic en?usiasm :i* l$ him 9 pr(\nd admiration to ! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o3 ,sie trgt zur ,welt ihn1 und er s*aut entsetzt ,9 ihr] ,gru'l *aotis*e ,v]wirrung1 ,9 ihres ,tob5s wilde ,ras]ei1 ,9 ihres ,treib5s nie geheilte ,?orheit1 ,9 ihr] ,quaal5 nie ge/illt5 ,s*m]z2 ,entsetzt3 do* /rahlet ,rub' & ,zuv]si*t ,und ,siegesglanz se9 ,aug'1 v]kndig5d ,s*on d] ,erlsung ewige gewis%eit4 ,pessimism is commonly & errone\sly suppos$ to be ! di/+ui%+ feature ( ,s*op5hau]'s sy/em4 ,x is "r to rememb] t ! same fundam5tal view ( ! _w is pres5t$ by ,*ri/ianity1 to say no?+ ( ,ori5tal religions4 ,t ,s*op5hau] conceives life z an evil is a d$uction1 & possibly a mi/ak5 d$uction1 f 8 metaphysical !ory4 ,:e!r 8 s*eme ( ?+s is correct or n--& x %>es ! common fate ( all metaphysical sy/ems 9 be+ unv]ifiable1 & to t ext5t unpr(itable--he w 9 ! la/ resort h made good 8 claim to be read by 8 insight into ! v>i$ ne$s ( human life4 ,x may be t a future age w consign 8 metaphysics to ! philosophical lumb]-room2 b he is a lit]>y arti/ z well z a philosoph]1 & he c make a bid = fame 9 ei!r capacity4 ,:at is rem>k$ ) mu* tru? ( _m ano!r writ]1 t he sugge/s m ?an he a*ieves1 is 9 ! highe/ degree applicable to ,s*op5hau]2 & 8 obit] dicta1 8 say+s by ! way1 w always f9d an audi5ce4 ,t4,b4 ,,saund]s4 ,,religion4 ,a ,,dialogue4 ,demopheles4 ,betwe5 ourselves1 my de> fell[1 ,i don't c>e ab\t ! way y sometimes h ( exhibit+ y\r tal5t = philosophy2 y make religion a subject = s>ca/ic rem>ks1 & ev5 = op5 ridicule4 ,e "o ?9ks 8 religion sacr$1 & !re=e y ought to respect x4 ,philale!s4 ,t doesn't foll[6 ,i don't see :y1 because o!r p are simpletons1 ,i %\ld h any reg>d = a pack ( lies4 ,i respect tru? ev]y:]e1 & s ,i c't respect :at is oppos$ to x4 ,my maxim is ,vigeat v]itas et p]eat mundus1 l ! lawy]s' ,fiat ju/itia et p]eat mundus4 ,e pr(ession ought to h an analog\s advice4 ,demopheles4 ,!n ,i suppose doctors %\ld say ,fiant pilulae et p]eat mundus1--!re w\ldn't be mu* difficulty ab\t t6 ,philale!s4 ,heav5 =bid6 ,y mu/ take ev]y?+ cum grano salis4 ,demopheles4 ,exactly2 t's :y ,i want y to take religion cum grano salis4 ,i want y to see t "o mu/ meet ! requirem5ts ( ! p accord+ to ! measure ( _! compreh5sion4 ,:]e y h masses ( p ( crude susceptibilities & clumsy intellig5ce1 sordid 9 _! pursuits & sunk 9 drudg]y1 religion provides ! only means ( proclaim+ & mak+ !m feel ! hight import ( life4 ,= ! av]age man takes an int]e/1 prim>ily1 9 no?+ b :at w satisfy 8 physical ne$s & hank]+s1 & beyond ?is1 give him a little amusem5t & pa/ime4 ,f\nd]s ( religion & philosoph]s come into ! _w to r\se him f 8 /upor & po9t to ! l(ty mean+ ( exi/5ce2 philosoph]s = ! few1 ! emancipat$1 f\nd]s ( religion = ! _m1 = humanity at l>ge4 ,=1 z y\r fri5d ,plato has said1 ! multitude c't be philosoph]s1 & y %\ldn't =get t4 ,religion is ! metaphysics ( ! masses2 by all means let !m keep x3 let x !re=e comm& ext]nal respect1 = to discr$it x is to take x away4 ,j z !y h popul> poetry1 & ! popul> wisdom ( prov]bs1 s !y mu/ h popul> metaphysics too3 = mank9d absolutely ne$s an int]pretation ( life2 & ?is1 aga91 mu/ be suit$ to popul> compreh5sion4 ,consequ5tly1 ?is int]pretation is always an allegorical inve/iture ( ! tru?3 & 9 practical life & 9 its effects on ! feel+s1 t is to say1 z a rule ( action & z a com=t & consolation 9 suff]+ & dea?1 x accompli%es p]haps j z mu* z ! tru? itself c\ld a*ieve if we possess$ x4 ,don't take (f5se at its unkempt1 grotesque & app>5tly absurd =m2 = ) y\r education & le>n+1 y h no idea ( ! r\ndab\t ways by :i* p 9 _! crude /ate h to receive _! k ( deep tru?s4 ,! v>i\s religions are only v>i\s =ms 9 :i* ! tru?1 :i* tak5 by itself is above _! compreh5sion1 is grasp$ & realiz$ by ! masses2 & tru? becomes insep>able f ^! =ms4 ,!re=e1 my de> sir1 don't take x amiss if ,i say t to make a mock]y ( ^! =ms is bo? %all[ & unju/4 ,philale!s4 ,b isn't x e bit z %all[ & unju/ to dem& t !re %all be no o!r sy/em ( metaphysics b ?is "o1 cut out z x is to suit ! requirem5ts & compreh5sion ( ! masses8 t its doctr9e %all be ! limit ( human speculation1 ! /&>d ( all ?\ght1 s t ! metaphysics ( ! few1 ! emancipat$1 z y call !m1 mu/ be devot$ only to confirm+1 /r5g!n+1 & expla9+ ! metaphysics ( ! masses8 t ! highe/ p[]s ( human intellig5ce %all rema9 unus$ & undevelop$1 ev5 be nipp$ 9 ! bud1 9 ord] t _! activity may n ?w>t ! popul> metaphysics8 ,& isn't ?is j ! v claim :i* religion sets up8 ,isn't x a little too mu* to h tol]ance & delicate =be>ance prea*$ by :at is intol]ance & cruelty itself8 ,?9k ( ! h]etical tribunals1 inquisitions1 religi\s w>s1 crusades1 ,socrates' cup ( poison1 ,bruno's & ,van9i's dea? 9 ! flames6 ,is all ?is to-day q a ?+ ( ! pa/8 ,h[ c g5u9e philosophical ef=t1 s9c]e se>* aft] tru?1 ! noble/ call+ ( ! noble/ m51 be let & h9d]$ m completely ?an by a conv5tional sy/em ( metaphysics enjoy+ a ,/ate monopoly1 ! pr9ciples ( :i* are impress$ into e head 9 e>lie/ y\?1 s e>ne/ly1 s deeply1 & s firmly1 t1 unless ! m9d is miracul\sly ela/ic1 !y rema9 indelible4 ,9 ?is way ! gr\ndwork ( all heal?y reason is once = all d]ang$2 t is to say1 ! capacity = orig9al ?\ght & unbias$ judgm5t1 :i* is weak en\gh 9 itself1 is1 9 reg>d to ^? subjects to :i* x might be appli$1 = ev] p>alyz$ & ru9$4 ,demopheles4 ,:i* means1 ,i suppose1 t p h arriv$ at a conviction :i* !y won't give up 9 ord] to embrace y\rs in/ead4 ,philale!s4 ,ah6 if x 7 only a conviction bas$ on insight4 ,!n "o c\ld br+ argum5ts to be>1 & ! battle w\ld be f\ght ) equal weapons4 ,b religions admitt$ly appeal1 n to conviction z ! result ( argum5t1 b to belief z dem&$ by revelation4 ,& z ! capacity = believ+ is /ronge/ 9 *ildhood1 special c>e is tak5 to make sure ( ?is t5d] age4 ,?is has mu* m to d ) ! doctr9es ( belief tak+ root ?an ?reats & reports ( miracles4 ,if1 9 e>ly *ildhood1 c]ta9 fundam5tal views & doctr9es are p>ad$ ) unusual solemnity1 & an air ( ! greate/ e>ne/ness nev] be=e visible 9 any?+ else2 if1 at ! same "t1 ! possibility ( a d\bt ab\t !m be completely pass$ ov]1 or t\*$ ^u only to indicate t d\bt is ! fir/ /ep to et]nal p]dition1 ! result+ impression w be s deep t1 z a rule1 t is1 9 almo/ e case1 d\bt ab\t !m w be almo/ z impossible z d\bt ab\t "o's own exi/5ce4 ,h>dly "o 9 t5 ?\s& w h ! /r5g? ( m9d to ask himself s]i\sly & e>ne/ly--is t true8 ,to call su* z c d x /rong m9ds1 esprits =ts1 is a description m apt ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,b = ! ord9>y m9d !re is no?+ s absurd or revolt+ b :at1 if inculcat$ 9 t way1 ! /ronge/ belief 9 x w /rike root4 ,if1 = example1 ! kill+ ( a h]etic or infidel 7 ess5tial to ! future salvation ( 8 s\l1 almo/ e "o w\ld make x ! *ief ev5t ( 8 life1 & 9 dy+ w\ld draw consolation & /r5g? f ! remembrance t he _h succe$$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 almo/ e ,spani>d 9 days gone by us$ to look ^u an auto da fe z ! mo/ pi\s ( all acts & "o mo/ agreeable to ,god4 ,a p>allel to ?is may be f\nd 9 ! way 9 :i* ! ,?ugs 7a religi\s sect 9 ,india1 suppress$ a %ort "t ago by ! ,engli%1 :o execut$ numb]s ( !m7 express _! s5se ( religion & _! v5]ation = ! goddess ,kali2 !y take e opportunity ( murd]+ _! fri5ds & travel+ companions1 ) ! object ( gett+ possession ( _! goods1 & 9 ! s]i\s conviction t !y are !reby do+ a praisewor?y action1 conducive to _! et]nal welf>e4 ,footnote3 ,cf4 ,illu/rations ( ! hi/ory & practice ( ! ,?ugs1 ,london1 #ahcg2 also ! ,ed9burg ,review1 ,oct4-,jan41 #ahcf-g4 ,! p[] ( religi\s dogma1 :5 inculcat$ e>ly1 is su* z to /ifle consci5ce1 compassion1 & f9ally e feel+ ( humanity4 ,b if y want to see ) y\r own eyes & close at h& :at timely inoculation w accompli%1 look at ! ,engli%4 ,"h is a nation favor$ be=e all o!rs by nature2 end[$1 m ?an all o!rs1 ) disc]nm5t1 intellig5ce1 p[] ( judgm5t1 /r5g? ( "*2 look at !m1 abas$ & made ridicul\s1 beyond all o!rs1 by _! /upid ecclesia/ical sup]/ition1 :i* appe>s among/ _! o!r abilities l a fix$ idea or monomania4 ,= ?is !y h to ?ank ! circum/ance t education is 9 ! h&s ( ! cl]gy1 ^: endeavor x is to impress all ! articles ( belief1 at ! e>lie/ age1 9 a way t am\nts to a k9d ( p>alysis ( ! bra92 ?is 9 its turn expresses itself all _! life 9 an idiotic bigotry1 :i* makes o!rwise mo/ s5sible & intellig5t p among/ !m degrade !mselves s t "o c't make head or tail ( !m4 ,if y consid] h[ ess5tial to su* a ma/]piece is inoculation 9 ! t5d] age ( *ildhood1 ! mission>y sy/em appe>s no long] only z ! acme ( human importunity1 arrogance & imp]t95ce1 b also z an absurdity1 if x doesn't conf9e itself to nations :i* are /ill 9 _! infancy1 l ,caffirs1 ,hott5tots1 ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s1 etc4 ,among/ ^! races x is successful2 b 9 ,india1 ! ,brahmans treat ! disc\rses ( ! mission>ies ) contemptu\s smiles ( approbation1 or simply %rug _! %\ld]s4 ,& "o may say g5]ally t ! proselytiz+ ef=ts ( ! mission>ies 9 ,india1 9 spite ( ! mo/ advantage\s facilities1 are1 z a rule1 a failure4 ,an au!ntic report 9 ! ,vol4 ,,xxi4 ( ! ,asiatic ,j\rnal 7#ahbf7 /ates t aft] s _m ye>s ( mission>y activity n m ?an ?ree hundr$ liv+ conv]ts 7 to be f\nd 9 ! :ole ( ,india1 :]e ! population ( ! ,engli% possessions alone comes to "o hundr$ & fifte5 millions2 & at ! same "t x is admitt$ t ! ,*ri/ian conv]ts are di/+ui%$ = _! extreme immorality4 ,?ree hundr$ v5al & brib$ s\ls out ( s _m millions6 ,!re is no evid5ce t ?+s h gone bett] ) ,*ri/ianity 9 ,india s9ce !n1 9 spite ( ! fact t ! mission>ies are n[ try+1 contr>y to /ipulation & 9 s*ools exclusively design$ = secul> ,engli% in/ruction1 to "w ^u ! *ildr5's m9ds z !y please1 9 ord] to smuggle 9 ,*ri/ianity2 aga9/ :i* ! ,h9doos are mo/ jeal\sly on _! gu>d4 ,z ,i h said1 *ildhood is ! "t to s[ ! se$s ( belief1 & n manhood2 m especially :]e an e>li] fai? has tak5 root4 ,an acquir$ conviction su* z is feign$ by adults is1 z a rule1 only ! mask = "s k9d ( p]sonal int]e/4 ,& x is ! feel+ t ?is is almo/ b\nd to be ! case :i* makes a man :o has *ang$ 8 religion 9 mature ye>s an object ( contempt to mo/ p ev]y:]e2 :o ?us %[ t !y look ^u religion1 n z a matt] ( reason$ conviction1 b m]ely z a belief inoculat$ 9 *ildhood1 be=e any te/ c be appli$4 ,& t !y are "r 9 _! view ( religion is also obvi\s f ! way 9 :i* n only ! masses1 :o are bl9dly cr$ul\s1 b also ! cl]gy ( e religion1 :o1 z su*1 h fai?fully & zeal\sly /udi$ its s\rces1 f\ndations1 dogmas & disput$ po9ts1 cleave z a body to ! religion ( _! p>ticul> c\ntry2 consequ5tly = a m9i/] ( "o religion or confession to g ov] to ano!r is ! r>e/ ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,! ,ca?olic cl]gy1 = example1 are fully conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( all ! t5ets ( _! ,*ur*1 & s are ! ,prote/ant cl]gy ( !irs1 & bo? def5d ! pr9ciples ( _! cre$s ) l zeal4 ,& yet ! conviction is gov]n$ m]ely by ! c\ntry native to ea*2 to ! ,s\? ,g]man ecclesia/ic ! tru? ( ! ,ca?olic dogma is q obvi\s1 to ! ,nor? ,g]man1 ! ,prote/ant4 ,if !n1 ^! convictions are bas$ on objective reasons1 ! reasons mu/ be climatic1 & ?rive1 l plants1 "s only "h1 "s only !re4 ,! convictions ( ^? :o are ?us locally conv9c$ are tak5 on tru/ & believ$ by ! masses ev]y:]e4 ,demopheles4 ,well1 no h>m is done1 & x doesn't make any real diff]5ce4 ,z a fact1 ,prote/antism is m suit$ to ! ,nor?1 ,ca?olicism to ! ,s\?4 ,philale!s4 ,s x seems4 ,/ill ,i take a high] /&po9t1 & keep 9 view a m important object1 ! progress1 namely1 ( ! k ( tru? among mank9d4 ,& f ?is po9t ( view1 x is a t]rible ?+ t1 :]ev] a man is born1 c]ta9 propositions are inculcat$ 9 him 9 e>lie/ y\?1 & he is assur$ t he may nev] h any d\bts ab\t !m1 "u p5alty ( !reby =feit+ et]nal salvation2 propositions1 ,i mean1 :i* affect ! f\ndation ( all our o!r k & accord+ly det]m9e = ev]1 &1 if !y are false1 di/ort = ev]1 ! po9t ( view f :i* our k />ts2 & z1 fur!r1 ! coroll>ies ( ^! propositions t\* ! entire sy/em ( our intellectual atta9m5ts at e po9t1 ! :ole ( human k is ?or\ghly adult]at$ by !m4 ,evid5ce ( ?is is af=d$ by e lit]ature2 ! mo/ /rik+ by t ( ! ,middle ,age1 b 9 a too consid]able degree by t ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies4 ,look at ev5 ! fir/ m9ds ( all ^? epo*s2 h[ p>alyz$ !y are by false fundam5tal positions l ^!2 h[1 m especially1 all insight into ! true con/itution & work+ ( nature is1 z x 71 block$ up4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod ,!ism lies l a m\nta9 on all intellectual1 & *iefly on all philosophical ef=ts1 & arre/s or /unts all progress4 ,= ! sci5tific m5 ( ^! ages ,god1 devil1 angels1 demons hid ! :ole ( nature2 no inquiry 0 foll[$ to ! end1 no?+ ev] ?or\ghly exam9$2 ev]y?+ :i* w5t beyond ! mo/ obvi\s casual nexus 0 imm$iately set d[n to ^? p]sonalities4 ,x 0 at once expla9$ by a ref]5ce to ,god1 angels or demons1 z ,pomponatius express$ himself :5 ! matt] 0 be+ discuss$1 & philosoph]s at any rate h no?+ analog\s4 ,!re is1 to be sure1 a suspicion ( irony 9 ?is /atem5t ( ,pomponatius1 z 8 p]fidy 9 o!r matt]s is kn[n2 /ill1 he is only giv+ expression to ! g5]al way ( ?9k+ ( 8 age4 ,& if1 on ! o!r h&1 any "o possess$ ! r>e quality ( an ela/ic m9d1 :i* alone c\ld bur/ ! bonds1 8 writ+s & he himself ) !m 7 burnt2 z happ5$ to ,bruno & ,van9i4 ,h[ completely an ord9>y m9d is p>alyz$ by t e>ly prep>ation 9 metaphysics is se5 9 ! mo/ vivid way & on its mo/ ridicul\s side1 :]e su* a "o und]takes to criticise ! doctr9es ( an ali5 cre$4 ,! ef=ts ( ! ord9>y man are g5]ally f\nd to be direct$ to a c>eful exhibition ( ! incongruity ( its dogmas ) ^? ( 8 own belief3 he is at great pa9s to %[ t n only d !y n say1 b c]ta9ly d n mean1 ! same ?+2 & ) t he ?9ks1 9 8 simplicity1 t he has demon/rat$ ! falsehood ( ! ali5 cre$4 ,he really nev] dreams ( putt+ ! "q :i* ( ! two may be "r2 8 own articles ( belief he looks ^u z priori true & c]ta9 pr9ciples4 ,demopheles4 ,s t's y\r high] po9t ( view8 ,i assure y !re is a high] /ill4 ,fir/ live1 !n philosophize is a maxim ( m compreh5sive import ?an appe>s at fir/ sight4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d is to control ! raw & evil dispositions ( ! masses1 s z to keep !m f pu%+ inju/ice to extremes1 & f committ+ cruel1 viol5t & disgraceful acts4 ,if y 7 to wait until !y _h recogniz$ & grasp$ ! tru?1 y w\ld und\bt$ly come too late2 & tru?1 suppos+ t x _h be5 f\nd1 w\ld surpass _! p[]s ( compreh5sion4 ,9 any case an allegorical inve/iture ( x1 a p>able or my?1 is all t w\ld be ( any s]vice to !m4 ,z ,kant said1 !re mu/ be a public /&>d ( ,"r & ,virtue2 x mu/ always flutt] high ov]head4 ,x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce :at h]aldic figures are inscrib$ on x1 s long z !y signify :at is meant4 ,su* an allegorical repres5tation ( tru? is always & ev]y:]e1 = humanity at l>ge1 a s]viceable sub/itute = a tru? to :i* x c nev] atta91--= a philosophy :i* x c nev] grasp2 let alone ! fact t x is daily *ang+ its %ape1 & has 9 no =m z yet met ) g5]al acceptance4 ,practical aims1 !n1 my good ,philale!s1 are 9 e respect sup]ior to !oretical4 ,philale!s4 ,:at y say is v l ! anci5t advice ( ,timaeus ( ,locrus1 ! ,py?agorean1 /op ! m9d ) falsehood if y c't spe$ x ) tru?4 ,i almo/ suspect t y\r plan is ! "o :i* is s mu* 9 vogue j n[1 t y want to impress ^u me t ,! h\r is nigh ,:5 we may fea/ 9 quiet4 ,y recomm5d u1 9 fact1 to take timely precautions1 s t ! waves ( ! discont5t$ rag+ masses mayn't di/urb u at table4 ,b ! :ole po9t ( view is z false z x is n[-a-days popul> & comm5d$2 & s ,i make ha/e to ent] a prote/ aga9/ x4 ,x is false1 t /ate1 ju/ice1 law _c be upheld )\t ! assi/ance ( religion & its dogmas2 & t ju/ice & public ord] ne$ religion z a necess>y complem5t1 if legislative enactm5ts are to be c>ri$ out4 ,x is false1 7 x repeat$ a hundr$ times4 ,an effective & /rik+ argum5t to ! contr>y is af=d$ by ! anci5ts1 especially ! ,greeks4 ,!y _h no?+ at all ( :at we und]/& by religion4 ,!y _h no sacr$ docum5ts1 no dogma to be le>n$ & its acceptance fur!r$ by e "o1 its pr9ciples to be inculcat$ e>ly on ! "y4 ,j z little 0 moral doctr9e prea*$ by ! m9i/]s ( religion1 nor did ! prie/s tr\ble !mselves ab\t morality or ab\t :at ! p did or left undone4 ,n at all4 ,! duty ( ! prie/s 0 conf9$ to temple-c]emonial1 pray]s1 hymns1 sacrifices1 processions1 lu/rations & ! l1 ! object ( :i* 0 any?+ b ! moral improvem5t ( ! individual4 ,:at 0 call$ religion consi/$1 m especially 9 ! cities1 9 giv+ temples "h & !re to "s ( ! gods ( ! great] tribes1 9 :i* ! wor%ip describ$ 0 c>ri$ on z a /ate matt]1 & 0 consequ5tly1 9 fact1 an affair ( police4 ,no "o1 except ! function>ies p]=m+1 0 9 any way compell$ to att5d1 or ev5 to believe 9 x4 ,9 ! :ole ( antiquity !re is no trace ( any obligation to believe 9 any p>ticul> dogma4 ,m]ely 9 ! case ( an op5 d5ial ( ! exi/5ce ( ! gods1 or any o!r revil+ ( !m1 a p5alty 0 impos$1 & t on acc\nt ( ! insult (f]$ to ! /ate1 :i* s]v$ ^? gods2 beyond ?is x 0 free to ev]yone to ?9k ( !m :at he pleas$4 ,if anyone want$ to ga9 ! favor ( ^? gods privately1 by pray] or sacrifice1 x 0 op5 to him to d s at 8 own exp5se & at 8 own risk2 if he didn't d x1 no "o made any objection1 lea/ ( all ! /ate4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,romans1 ev]yone _h 8 own ,l>es & ,p5ates at home2 !y 71 h[ev]1 9 reality1 only ! v5]at$ bu/s ( ance/ors4 ,( ! immortality ( ! s\l & a life beyond ! grave1 ! anci5ts _h no firm1 cle> or1 lea/ ( all1 dogmatically fix$ idea1 b v loose1 fluctuat+1 indef9ite & problematical notions1 ev]yone 9 8 own way3 & ! ideas ab\t ! gods 7 j z v>y+1 individual & vague4 ,!re 01 !re=e1 really no religion1 9 our s5se ( ! ^w1 among/ ! anci5ts4 ,b did an>*y & lawlessness prevail among/ !m on t acc\nt8 ,is n law & civil ord]1 r1 s mu* _! "w1 t x /ill =ms ! f\ndation ( our own8 ,0 !re n complete protection = prop]ty1 ev5 ?\gh x consi/$ = ! mo/ "p ( slaves8 ,& did n ?is /ate ( ?+s la/ = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s8 ,s t ,i c't recognize1 ,i mu/ ev5 prote/ aga9/ ! practical aims & ! necessity ( religion 9 ! s5se indicat$ by y1 & s popul> n[-a-days1 t is1 z an indisp5sable f\ndation ( all legislative arrangem5ts4 ,=1 if y take t po9t ( view1 ! pure & sacr$ endeavor aft] tru? w\ld1 to say ! lea/1 appe> quixotic1 & ev5 crim9al1 if x v5tur$1 9 its feel+ ( ju/ice1 to d5\nce ! au?oritative cre$ z a usurp] :o _h tak5 possession ( ! ?rone ( tru? & ma9ta9$ 8 position by keep+ up ! deception4 ,demopheles4 ,b religion is n oppos$ to tru?2 x itself tea*es tru?4 ,& z ! range ( its activity is n a n>r[ lecture room1 b ! _w & humanity at l>ge1 religion mu/ con=m to ! requirem5ts & compreh5sion ( an audi5ce s num]\s & s mix$4 ,religion mu/ n let tru? appe> 9 its nak$ =m2 or1 to use a m$ical simile1 x mu/ n exhibit x pure1 b mu/ employ a my?ical vehicle1 a m$ium1 z x 74 ,y c also comp>e tru? 9 ?is respect to c]ta9 *emical /uffs :i* 9 !mselves are gase\s1 b :i* = m$ic9al uses1 z also = pres]vation or transmission1 mu/ be b\nd to a /able1 solid base1 because !y w\ld o!rwise volatilize4 ,*lor9e gas1 = example1 is = all purposes appli$ only 9 ! =m ( *lorides4 ,b if tru?1 pure1 ab/ract & free f all my?ical alloy1 is always to rema9 unatta9able1 ev5 by philosoph]s1 x might be comp>$ to fluor9e1 :i* _c ev5 be isolat$1 b mu/ always appe> 9 comb9ation ) o!r elem5ts4 ,or1 to take a less sci5tific simile1 tru?1 :i* is inexpressible except by means ( my? & allegory1 is l wat]1 :i* c be c>ri$ ab\t only 9 vessels2 a philosoph] :o insi/s on obta9+ x pure is l a man :o breaks ! jug 9 ord] to get ! wat] by itself4 ,?is is1 p]haps1 an exact analogy4 ,at any rate1 religion is tru? allegorically & my?ically express$1 & s r5d]$ atta9able & dige/ible by mank9d 9 g5]al4 ,mank9d c\ldn't possibly take x pure & unmix$1 j z we c't brea! pure oxyg52 we require an addition ( f\r times its bulk 9 nitrog54 ,9 pla9 language1 ! pr(\nd mean+1 ! high aim ( life1 c only be unfold$ & pres5t$ to ! masses symbolically1 because !y are incapable ( grasp+ x 9 its true signification4 ,philosophy1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld be l ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies1 = ! few1 ! lite4 ,philale!s4 ,i und]/&4 ,x comes1 9 %ort1 to tru? we>+ ! g>m5t ( falsehood4 ,b 9 do+ s x ent]s on a fatal alliance4 ,:at a dang]\s weapon is put into ! h&s ( ^? :o are au?oriz$ to employ falsehood z ! vehicle ( tru?6 ,if x is z y say1 ,i fe> ! damage caus$ by ! falsehood w be great] ?an any advantage ! tru? c\ld ev] produce4 ,( c\rse1 if ! allegory 7 admitt$ to be su*1 ,i %\ld raise no objection2 b ) ! admission x w\ld rob itself ( all respect1 & consequ5tly1 ( all utility4 ,! allegory mu/1 !re=e1 put 9 a claim to be true 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 & ma9ta9 ! claim2 :ile1 at ! mo/1 x is true only 9 an allegorical s5se4 ,"h lies ! irrep>able mis*ief1 ! p]man5t evil2 & ?is is :y religion has always be5 & always w be 9 conflict ) ! noble endeavor aft] pure tru?4 ,demopheles4 ,oh no6 t dang] is gu>d$ aga9/4 ,if religion mayn't exactly confess its allegorical nature1 x gives suffici5t indication ( x4 ,philale!s4 ,h[ s8 ,demopheles4 ,9 its my/]ies4 ,my/]y1 is 9 reality only a te*nical !ological t]m = religi\s allegory4 ,all religions h _! my/]ies4 ,prop]ly speak+1 a my/]y is a dogma :i* is pla9ly absurd1 b :i*1 nev]!less1 conceals 9 itself a l(ty tru?1 & "o :i* by itself w\ld be completely incompreh5sible to ! ord9>y und]/&+ ( ! raw multitude4 ,! multitude accepts x 9 ?is disguise on tru/1 & believes x1 )\t be+ l$ a/ray by ! absurdity ( x1 :i* ev5 to its intellig5ce is obvi\s2 & 9 ?is way x p>ticipates 9 ! k]nel ( ! matt] s f> z x is possible = x to d s4 ,to expla9 :at ,i mean1 ,i may add t ev5 9 philosophy an attempt has be5 made to make use ( a my/]y4 ,pascal1 = example1 :o 0 at once a pieti/1 a ma!matician1 & a philosoph]1 says 9 ?is ?reefold capacity3 ,god is ev]y:]e c5t] & n[h]e p]iph]y4 ,malebran*e has also ! j rem>k3 ,lib]ty is a my/]y4 ,"o c\ld g a /ep fur!r & ma9ta9 t 9 religions ev]y?+ is my/]y4 ,= to imp>t tru?1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 to ! multitude 9 its raw /ate is absolutely impossible2 all t c fall to its lot is to be enlight5$ by a my?ological reflection ( x4 ,nak$ tru? is out ( place be=e ! eyes ( ! pr(ane vulg>2 x c only make its appe>ance ?ickly veil$4 ,h5ce1 x is unreasonable to require ( a religion t x %all be true 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w2 & ?is1 ,i may obs]ve 9 pass+1 is n[-a-days ! absurd cont5tion ( ,rationali/s & ,sup]naturali/s alike4 ,bo? />t f ! position t religion mu/ be ! real tru?2 & :ile ! =m] demon/rate t x is n ! tru?1 ! latt] ob/9ately ma9ta9 t x is2 or r1 ! =m] dress up & arrange ! allegorical elem5t 9 su* a way1 t1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 x c\ld be true1 b w\ld be1 9 t case1 a platitude2 :ile ! latt] wi% to ma9ta9 t x is true 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 )\t any fur!r dress+2 a belief1 :i*1 z we ought to "k is only to be en=c$ by inquisitions & ! /ake4 ,z a fact1 h[ev]1 my? & allegory really =m ! prop] elem5t ( religion2 & "u ?is indisp5sable condition1 :i* is impos$ by ! intellectual limitation ( ! multitude1 religion provides a suffici5t satisfaction = ^? metaphysical requirem5ts ( mank9d :i* are inde/ructible4 ,x takes ! place ( t pure philosophical tru? :i* is inf9itely difficult & p]haps nev] atta9able4 ,philale!s4 ,ah6 j z a wood5 leg takes ! place ( a natural "o2 x supplies :at is lack+1 b>ely does duty = x1 claims to be reg>d$ z a natural leg1 & is m or less artfully put toge!r4 ,! only diff]5ce is t1 :il/ a natural leg z a rule prec$$ ! wood5 "o1 religion has ev]y:]e got ! />t ( philosophy4 ,demopheles4 ,t may be1 b /ill = a man :o hasn't a natural leg1 a wood5 "o is ( great s]vice4 ,y mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! metaphysical ne$s ( mank9d absolutely require satisfaction1 because ! horizon ( m5's ?\ghts mu/ h a backgr\nd & n rema9 unb\nd$4 ,man has1 z a rule1 no faculty = weigh+ reasons & discrim9at+ betwe5 :at is false & :at is true2 & besides1 ! labor :i* nature & ! ne$s ( nature impose ^u him1 leaves him no "t = su* enquiries1 or = ! education :i* !y presuppose4 ,9 8 case1 !re=e1 x is no use talk+ ( a reason$ conviction2 he has to fall back on belief & au?ority4 ,if a really true philosophy 7 to take ! place ( religion1 n9e-t5?s at lea/ ( mank9d w\ld h to receive x on au?ority2 t is to say1 x too w\ld be a matt] ( fai?1 = ,plato's dictum1 t ! multitude c't be philosoph]s1 w always rema9 true4 ,au?ority1 h[ev]1 is an affair ( "t & circum/ance alone1 & s x c't be be/[$ on t :i* has only reason 9 its favor1 x mu/ accord+ly be all[$ to no?+ b :at has acquir$ x 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 ev5 if x is only an allegorical repres5tation ( tru?4 ,tru? 9 ?is =m1 support$ by au?ority1 appeals fir/ ( all to ^? elem5ts 9 ! human con/itution :i* are /rictly metaphysical1 t is to say1 to ! ne$ man feels ( a !ory 9 reg>d to ! riddle ( exi/5ce :i* =ces itself ^u 8 notice1 a ne$ aris+ f ! consci\sness t beh9d ! physical 9 ! _w !re is a metaphysical1 some?+ p]man5t z ! f\ndation ( con/ant *ange4 ,!n x appeals to ! w1 to ! fe>s & hopes ( mortal be+s liv+ 9 con/ant /ruggle2 = :om1 accord+ly1 religion creates gods & demons :om !y c cry to1 appease & w9 ov]4 ,f9ally1 x appeals to t moral consci\sness :i* is und5iably pres5t 9 man1 l5ds to x t corroboration & support )\t :i* x w\ld n easily ma9ta9 itself 9 ! /ruggle aga9/ s _m temptations4 ,x is j f ?is side t religion af=ds an inexhau/ible s\rce ( consolation & com=t 9 ! innum]able trials ( life1 a com=t :i* does n leave m5 9 dea?1 b r !n only unfolds its full efficacy4 ,s religion may be comp>$ to "o :o takes a bl9d man by ! h& & leads him1 because he is unable to see = himself1 ^: conc]n x is to rea* 8 de/9ation1 n to look at ev]y?+ by ! way4 ,philale!s4 ,t is c]ta9ly ! /rong po9t ( religion4 ,if x is a fraud1 x is a pi\s fraud2 t is und5iable4 ,b ?is makes prie/s some?+ betwe5 deceiv]s & tea*]s ( morality2 !y d>5't tea* ! real tru?1 z y h q rightly expla9$1 ev5 if !y knew x1 :i* is n ! case4 ,a true philosophy1 !n1 c always exi/1 b n a true religion2 true1 ,i mean1 9 ! prop] und]/&+ ( ! ^w1 n m]ely 9 t fl[]y or allegorical s5se :i* y h describ$2 a s5se 9 :i* all religions w\ld be true1 only 9 v>i\s degrees4 ,x is q 9 keep+ ) ! inextricable mixture ( weal & woe1 hone/y & deceit1 good & evil1 nobility & bas5ess1 :i* is ! av]age *>act]i/ic ( ! _w ev]y:]e1 t ! mo/ important1 ! mo/ l(ty1 ! mo/ sacr$ tru?s c make _! appe>ance only 9 comb9ation ) a lie1 c ev5 borr[ /r5g? f a lie z f some?+ t works m p[]fully on mank9d2 &1 z revelation1 mu/ be u%]$ 9 by a lie4 ,?is might1 inde$1 be reg>d$ z ! ca*et ( ! moral _w4 ,h[ev]1 we won't give up ! hope t mank9d w ev5tually rea* a po9t ( maturity & education at :i* x c on ! "o side produce1 & on ! o!r receive1 ! true philosophy4 ,simplex sigillum v]i3 ! nak$ tru? mu/ be s simple & intelligible t x c be imp>t$ to all 9 its true =m1 )\t any admixture ( my? & fable1 )\t disguis+ x 9 ! =m ( religion4 ,demopheles4 ,y've no notion h[ /upid mo/ p are4 ,philale!s4 ,i am only express+ a hope :i* ,i c't give up4 ,if x 7 fulfill$1 tru? 9 its simple & intelligible =m w\ld ( c\rse drive religion f ! place x has s long occupi$ z its repres5tative1 & by t v means kept op5 = x4 ,! "t w\ld h come :5 religion w\ld h c>ri$ out h] object & complet$ h] c\rse3 ! race %e _h br\ght to ye>s ( discretion %e c\ld dismiss1 & h]self dep>t 9 peace3 t w\ld be ! eu?anasia ( religion4 ,b z long z %e lives1 %e has two faces1 "o ( tru?1 "o ( fraud4 ,accord+ z y look at "o or ! o!r1 y w be> h] favor or ill-w4 ,religion mu/ be reg>d$ z a necess>y evil1 its necessity re/+ on ! pitiful imbecility ( ! great majority ( mank9d1 incapable ( grasp+ ! tru?1 & !re=e requir+1 9 its press+ ne$1 some?+ to take its place4 ,demopheles4 ,really1 "o w\ld ?9k t y philosoph]s _h tru? 9 a cupbo>d1 & t all y _h to d 0 to g & get x6 ,philale!s4 ,well1 if we hav5't got x1 x is *iefly ow+ to ! pressure put ^u philosophy by religion at all times & 9 all places4 ,p h tri$ to make ! expression & communication ( tru?1 ev5 ! contemplation & discov]y ( x1 impossible1 by putt+ *ildr51 9 _! e>lie/ ye>s1 into ! h&s ( prie/s to be manipulat$2 to h ! l9es1 9 :i* _! fundam5tal ?\ghts are h5ce=? to run1 laid d[n ) su* firmness z1 9 ess5tial matt]s1 to be fix$ & det]m9$ = ?is :ole life4 ,:5 ,i take up ! writ+s ev5 ( ! be/ intellects ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 7m especially if ,i h be5 engag$ 9 ,ori5tal /udies71 ,i am sometimes %ock$ to see h[ !y are p>alyz$ & hemm$ 9 on all sides by ,jewi% ideas4 ,h[ c anyone ?9k out ! true philosophy :5 he is prep>$ l ?is8 ,demopheles4 ,ev5 if ! true philosophy 7 to be discov]$1 religion w\ldn't disappe> f ! _w1 z y seem to ?9k4 ,!re c't be "o sy/em ( metaphysics = ev]ybody2 t's r5d]$ impossible by ! natural diff]5ces ( intellectual p[] betwe5 man & man1 & ! diff]5ces1 too1 :i* education makes4 ,x is a necessity = ! great majority ( mank9d to engage 9 t sev]e bodily labor :i* _c be disp5s$ ) if ! ceaseless requirem5ts ( ! :ole race are to be satisfi$4 ,n only does ?is leave ! majority no "t = education1 = le>n+1 = contemplation2 b by virtue ( ! h>d & fa/ antagonism betwe5 muscles & m9d1 ! intellig5ce is blunt$ by s mu* exhau/+ bodily labor1 & becomes heavy1 clumsy1 awkw>d1 & consequ5tly incapable ( grasp+ any o!r ?an q simple situations4 ,at lea/ n9e-t5?s ( ! human race falls "u ?is category4 ,b /ill ! p require a sy/em ( metaphysics1 t is1 an acc\nt ( ! _w & our exi/5ce1 because su* an acc\nt belongs to ! mo/ natural ne$s ( mank9d1 !y require a popul> sy/em2 & to be popul> x mu/ comb9e _m r>e qualities4 ,x mu/ be easily und]/ood1 & at ! same "t possess1 on ! prop] po9ts1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( obscurity1 ev5 ( imp5etrability2 !n a correct & satisfactory sy/em ( morality mu/ be b\nd up ) its dogmas2 above all1 x mu/ af=d inexhau/ible consolation 9 suff]+ & dea?2 ! consequ5ce ( all ?is is1 t x c only be true 9 an allegorical & n 9 a real s5se4 ,fur!r1 x mu/ h ! support ( an au?ority :i* is impressive by its great age1 by be+ univ]sally recogniz$1 by its docum5ts1 _! tone & utt]ances2 qualities :i* are s extremely difficult to comb9e t _m a man w\ldn't be s ready1 if he consid]$ ! matt]1 to help to und]m9e a religion1 b w\ld reflect t :at he is attack+ is a p's mo/ sacr$ treasure4 ,if y want to =m an op9ion on religion1 y %\ld always be> 9 m9d ! "* ( ! great multitude = :i* x is de/9$1 & =m a picture to y\rself ( its complete inf]iority1 moral & intellectual4 ,x is incr$ible h[ f> ?is inf]iority goes1 & h[ p]sev]+ly a sp>k ( tru? w glimm] on ev5 "u ! crude/ cov]+ ( mon/r\s fable or grotesque c]emony1 cl++ inde/ructibly1 l ! odor ( musk1 to ev]y?+ t has once come into contact ) x4 ,9 illu/ration ( ?is1 consid] ! pr(\nd wisdom ( ! ,upani%ads1 & !n look at ! mad idolatry 9 ! ,india ( to-day1 ) its pilgrimages1 processions & fe/ivities1 or at ! insane & ridicul\s go+s-on ( ! ,saniassi4 ,/ill "o c't d5y t 9 all ?is insanity & nons5se !re lies "s obscure purpose :i* accords )1 or is a reflection ( ! pr(\nd wisdom ,i m5tion$4 ,b = ! brute multitude1 x _h to be dress$ up 9 ?is =m4 ,9 su* a contra/ z ?is we h ! two poles ( humanity1 ! wisdom ( ! individual & ! be/iality ( ! _m1 bo? ( :i* f9d _! po9t ( contact 9 ! moral sph]e4 ,t say+ f ! ,kurral mu/ occur to ev]ybody4 ,base p look l m51 b ,i h nev] se5 _! exact c\nt]p>t4 ,! man ( education may1 all ! same1 int]pret religion to himself cum grano salis2 ! man ( le>n+1 ! contemplative _s may secretly ex*ange x = a philosophy4 ,b "h aga9 "o philosophy w\ldn't suit ev]ybody2 by ! laws ( aff9ity e sy/em w\ld draw to itself t public to ^: education & capacities x 0 mo/ suit$4 ,s !re is always an inf]ior metaphysical sy/em ( ! s*ools = ! educat$ multitude1 & a high] "o = ! lite4 ,kant's l(ty doctr9e1 = in/ance1 _h to be degrad$ to ! level ( ! s*ools & ru9$ by su* m5 z ,fries1 ,krug & ,salat4 ,9 %ort1 "h1 if any:]e1 ,goe!'s maxim is true1 ,"o does n suit all4 ,pure fai? 9 revelation & pure metaphysics are = ! two extremes1 & = ! int]m$iate /eps mutual modifications ( bo? 9 innum]able comb9ations & gradations4 ,& ?is is r5d]$ necess>y by ! immeasurable diff]5ces :i* nature & education h plac$ betwe5 man & man4 ,philale!s4 ,! view y take rem9ds me s]i\sly ( ! my/]ies ( ! anci5ts1 :i* y m5tion$ j n[4 ,_! fundam5tal purpose seems to h be5 to rem$y ! evil aris+ f ! diff]5ces ( intellectual capacity & education4 ,! plan 01 out ( ! great multitude utt]ly imp]vi\s to unveil$ tru?1 to select c]ta9 p]sons :o might h x reveal$ to !m up to a giv5 po9t2 out ( ^!1 aga91 to *oose o!rs to :om m w\ld be reveal$1 z be+ able to grasp m2 & s on up to ! ,epopts4 ,^! grades correspond to ! little1 great] & greate/ my/]ies4 ,! arrangem5t 0 f\nd$ on a correct e/imate ( ! intellectual inequality ( mank9d4 ,demopheles4 ,to "s ext5t ! education 9 our l[]1 middle & high s*ools corresponds to ! v>y+ grades ( initiation into ! my/]ies4 ,philale!s4 ,9 a v approximate way2 & !n only 9 s f> z subjects ( high] k are writt5 ab\t exclusively 9 ,lat94 ,b s9ce t has ceas$ to be ! case1 all ! my/]ies are pr(an$4 ,demopheles4 ,h[ev] t may be1 ,i want$ to rem9d y t y %\ld look at religion m f ! practical ?an f ! !oretical side4 ,p]sonifi$ metaphysics may be ! enemy ( religion1 b all ! same p]sonifi$ morality w be its fri5d4 ,p]haps ! metaphysical elem5t 9 all religions is false2 b ! moral elem5t 9 all is true4 ,?is might p]haps be presum$ f ! fact t !y all disagree 9 _! metaphysics1 b are 9 accord z reg>ds morality4 ,philale!s4 ,:i* is an illu/ration ( ! rule ( logic t false premises may give a true conclusion4 ,demopheles4 ,let me hold y to y\r conclusion3 let me rem9d y t religion has two sides4 ,if x c't /& :5 look$ at f its !oretical1 t is1 its intellectual side2 on ! o!r h&1 f ! moral side1 x proves itself ! only means ( guid+1 controll+ & mollify+ ^? races ( animals end[$ ) reason1 ^: k9%ip ) ! ape does n exclude a k9%ip ) ! tig]4 ,b at ! same "t religion is1 z a rule1 a suffici5t satisfaction = _! dull metaphysical necessities4 ,y don't seem to me to possess a prop] idea ( ! diff]5ce1 wide z ! heav5s asund]1 ! deep gulf betwe5 y\r man ( le>n+ & enlight5m5t1 accu/om$ to ! process ( ?9k+1 & ! heavy1 clumsy1 dull & sluggi% consci\sness ( humanity's bea/s ( burd51 ^: ?\ghts h once & = all tak5 ! direction ( anxiety ab\t _! livelihood1 & _c be put 9 motion 9 any o!r2 ^: muscul> /r5g? is s exclusively br\ght into play t ! n]v\s p[]1 :i* makes intellig5ce1 s9ks to a v l[ ebb4 ,p l t mu/ h some?+ tangible :i* !y c lay hold ( on ! slipp]y & ?orny pa?way ( _! life1 "s sort ( beautiful fable1 by means ( :i* ?+s c be imp>t$ to !m :i* _! crude intellig5ce c ent]ta9 only 9 picture & p>able4 ,pr(\nd explanations & f9e di/9ctions are ?r[n away ^u !m4 ,if y conceive religion 9 ?is light1 & recollect t its aims are above all practical1 & only 9 a subord9ate degree !oretical1 x w appe> to y z some?+ wor?y ( ! highe/ respect4 ,philale!s4 ,a respect :i* w f9ally re/ ^u ! pr9ciple t ! end sanctifies ! means4 ,i don't feel 9 favor ( a compromise on a basis l t4 ,religion may be an excell5t means ( tra9+ ! p]v]se1 obtuse & ill-dispos$ memb]s ( ! bip$ race3 9 ! eyes ( ! fri5d ( tru? e fraud1 ev5 ?\gh x be a pi\s "o1 is to be condemn$4 ,a sy/em ( deception1 a pack ( lies1 w\ld be a /range means ( inculcat+ virtue4 ,! flag to :i* ,i h tak5 ! oa? is tru?2 ,i %all rema9 fai?ful to x ev]y:]e1 & :e!r ,i succe$ or n1 ,i %all fight = light & tru?6 ,if ,i see religion on ! wrong side-- ,demopheles4 ,b y won't4 ,religion isn't a deception3 x is true & ! mo/ important ( all tru?s4 ,because its doctr9es are1 z ,i h said1 ( su* a l(ty k9d t ! multitude c't grasp !m )\t an int]m$i>y1 because1 ,i say1 its light w\ld bl9d ! ord9>y eye1 x comes =w>d wrapt 9 ! veil ( allegory & tea*es1 n inde$ :at is exactly true 9 itself1 b :at is true 9 respect ( ! l(ty mean+ conta9$ 9 x2 &1 und]/ood 9 ?is way1 religion is ! tru?4 ,philale!s4 ,x w\ld be all "r if religion 7 only at lib]ty to be true 9 a m]ely allegorical s5se4 ,b its cont5tion is t x is d[nright true 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w4 ,h]e9 lies ! deception1 & x is "h t ! fri5d ( tru? mu/ take up a ho/ile position4 ,demopheles4 ,! deception is a s9e qua non4 ,if religion 7 to admit t x 0 only ! allegorical mean+ 9 its doctr9e :i* 0 true1 x w\ld rob itself ( all efficacy4 ,su* rigor\s treatm5t z ?is w\ld de/roy its invaluable influ5ce on ! he>ts & morals ( mank9d4 ,in/ead ( insi/+ on t ) p$antic ob/9acy1 look at its great a*ievem5ts 9 ! practical sph]e1 its fur!rance ( good & k9dly feel+s1 its guidance 9 conduct1 ! support & consolation x gives to suff]+ humanity 9 life & dea?4 ,h[ mu* y ought to gu>d aga9/ lett+ !oretical cavils discr$it 9 ! eyes ( ! multitude1 & f9ally wre/ f x1 some?+ :i* is an inexhau/ible s\rce ( consolation & tranquillity1 some?+ :i*1 9 its h>d lot1 x ne$s s mu*1 ev5 m ?an we d4 ,on t score alone1 religion %\ld be free f attack4 ,philale!s4 ,) t k9d ( argum5t y c\ld h driv5 ,lu!r f ! field1 :5 he attack$ ! sale ( indulg5ces4 ,h[ _m a "o got consolation f ! lett]s ( indulg5ce1 a consolation :i* no?+ else c\ld give1 a complete tranquillity2 s t he joyfully dep>t$ ) ! fulle/ confid5ce 9 ! packet ( !m :i* he held 9 8 h& at ! h\r ( dea?1 conv9c$ t !y 7 s _m c>ds ( admission to all ! n9e heav5s4 ,:at is ! use ( gr\nds ( consolation & tranquillity :i* are con/antly ov]%ad[$ by ! ,damocles-sword ( illusion8 ,! tru?1 my de> sir1 is ! only safe ?+2 ! tru? alone rema9s /eadfa/ & tru/y2 x is ! only solid consolation2 x is ! inde/ructible diamond4 ,demopheles4 ,yes1 if y _h tru? 9 y\r pocket1 ready to favor u ) x on dem&4 ,all y've got are metaphysical sy/ems1 9 :i* no?+ is c]ta9 b ! heada*es !y co/4 ,be=e y take any?+ away1 y mu/ h some?+ bett] to put 9 its place4 ,philale!s4 ,t's :at y keep on say+4 ,to free a man f error is to give1 n to take away4 ,k t a ?+ is false is a tru?4 ,error always does h>m2 soon] or lat] x w br+ mis*ief to ! man :o h>bors x4 ,!n give up deceiv+ p2 confess ignorance ( :at y don't "k1 & leave ev]yone to =m 8 own articles ( fai? = himself4 ,p]haps !y won't turn out s bad1 especially z !y'll rub "o ano!r's corn]s d[n1 & mutually rectify mi/akes4 ,! exi/5ce ( _m views w at any rate lay a f\ndation ( tol]ance4 ,^? :o possess k & capacity may betake !mselves to ! /udy ( philosophy1 or ev5 9 _! own p]sons c>ry ! hi/ory ( philosophy a /ep fur!r4 ,demopheles4 ,t'll be a pretty bus9ess6 ,a :ole nation ( raw metaphysicians1 wrangl+ & ev5tually com+ to bl[s ) "o ano!r6 ,philale!s4 ,well1 well1 a few bl[s "h & !re are ! sauce ( life2 or at any rate a v inconsid]able evil comp>$ ) su* ?+s z prie/ly dom9ion1 plund]+ ( ! laity1 p]secution ( h]etics1 c\rts ( inquisition1 crusades1 religi\s w>s1 massacres ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew4 ,^! h be5 ! result ( popul> metaphysics impos$ f )\t2 s ,i /ick to ! old say+ t y c't get grapes f ?i/les1 nor expect good to come f a pack ( lies4 ,demopheles4 ,h[ (t5 mu/ ,i repeat t religion is any?+ b a pack ( lies8 ,x is tru? itself1 only 9 a my?ical1 allegorical ve/ure4 ,b :5 y spoke ( y\r plan ( ev]yone be+ 8 own f\nd] ( religion1 ,i want$ to say t a p>ticul>ism l ?is is totally oppos$ to human nature1 & w\ld consequ5tly de/roy all social ord]4 ,man is a metaphysical animal1--t is to say1 he has p>am\nt metaphysical necessities2 accord+ly1 he conceives life above all 9 its metaphysical signification1 & wi%es to br+ ev]y?+ into l9e ) t4 ,consequ5tly1 h[ev] /range x may s\nd 9 view ( ! unc]ta9ty ( all dogmas1 agreem5t 9 ! fundam5tals ( metaphysics is ! *ief ?+1 because a g5u9e & la/+ bond ( union is only possible among ^? :o are ( "o op9ion on ^! po9ts4 ,z a result ( ?is1 ! ma9 po9t ( lik5ess & ( contra/ betwe5 nations is r religion ?an gov]nm5t1 or ev5 language2 & s ! fabric ( society1 ! ,/ate1 w /& firm only :5 f\nd$ on a sy/em ( metaphysics :i* is ackn[l$g$ by all4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 c only be a popul> sy/em1--t is1 a religion3 x becomes "p & p>cel ( ! con/itution ( ! ,/ate1 ( all ! public manife/ations ( ! national life1 & also ( all solemn acts ( individuals4 ,?is 0 ! case 9 anci5t ,india1 among ! ,p]sians1 ,egyptians1 ,jews1 ,greeks & ,romans2 x is /ill ! case 9 ! ,brahman1 ,buddhi/ & ,mohamm$an nations4 ,9 ,*9a !re are ?ree fai?s1 x is true1 ( :i* ! mo/ preval5t--,buddhism--is precisely ! "o :i* is n protect$ by ! ,/ate2 /ill1 !re is a say+ 9 ,*9a1 univ]sally ackn[l$g$1 & ( daily application1 t ! ?ree fai?s are only "o1--t is to say1 !y agree 9 ess5tials4 ,! ,emp]or confesses all ?ree toge!r at ! same "t4 ,& ,europe is ! union ( ,*ri/ian ,/ates3 ,*ri/ianity is ! basis ( e "o ( ! memb]s1 & ! common bond ( all4 ,h5ce ,turkey1 ?\gh geographically 9 ,europe1 is n prop]ly to be reckon$ z belong+ to x4 ,9 ! same way1 ! ,european pr9ces hold _! place by ! grace ( ,god3 & ! ,pope is ! viceg]5t ( ,god4 ,accord+ly1 z 8 ?rone 0 ! highe/1 he us$ to wi% all ?rones to be reg>d$ z held 9 fee f him4 ,9 ! same way1 too1 ,ar*bi%ops & ,bi%ops1 z su*1 possess$ temporal p[]2 & 9 ,engl& !y /ill h seats & votes 9 ! ,upp] ,h\se4 ,prote/ant pr9ces1 z su*1 are heads ( _! *ur*es3 9 ,engl&1 a few ye>s ago1 ?is 0 a girl eighte5 ye>s old4 ,by ! revolt f ! ,pope1 ! ,re=mation %att]$ ! ,european fabric1 & 9 a special degree dissolv$ ! true unity ( ,g]many by de/roy+ its common religi\s fai?4 ,?is union1 :i* _h practically come to an end1 _h1 accord+ly1 to be re/or$ lat] on by artificial & purely political means4 ,y see1 !n1 h[ closely connect$ a common fai? is ) ! social ord] & ! con/itution ( e ,/ate4 ,fai? is ev]y:]e ! support ( ! laws & ! con/itution1 ! f\ndation1 !re=e1 ( ! social fabric1 :i* c\ld h>dly hold toge!r at all if religion did n l5d weight to ! au?ority ( gov]nm5t & ! dignity ( ! rul]4 ,philale!s4 ,oh1 yes1 pr9ces use ,god z a k9d ( bogey to fright5 gr[n-up *ildr5 to b$ )1 if no?+ else avails3 t's :y !y atta* s mu* importance to ! ,deity4 ,v well4 ,let me1 9 pass+1 recomm5d our rul]s to give _! s]i\s att5tion1 regul>ly twice e ye>1 to ! fifte5? *apt] ( ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,samuel1 t !y may be con/antly rem9d$ ( :at x means to prop ! ?rone on ! alt>4 ,besides1 s9ce ! /ake1 t ultima ration !ologorum1 has gone out ( fa%ion1 ?is me?od ( gov]nm5t has lo/ its efficacy4 ,=1 z y "k1 religions are l gl[-worms2 !y %9e only :5 x is d>k4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( g5]al ignorance is ! condition ( all religions1 ! elem5t 9 :i* alone !y c exi/4 ,& z soon z a/ronomy1 natural sci5ce1 geology1 hi/ory1 ! k ( c\ntries & peoples h spread _! light broadca/1 & philosophy f9ally is p]mitt$ to say a ^w1 e fai? f\nd$ on miracles & revelation mu/ disappe>2 & philosophy takes its place4 ,9 ,europe ! day ( k & sci5ce dawn$ t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury ) ! appe>ance ( ! ,r5aissance ,platoni/s3 its sun rose high] 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies s ri* 9 results1 & scatt]$ ! mi/s ( ! ,middle ,age4 ,*ur* & ,fai? 7 compell$ to disappe> 9 ! same proportion2 & s 9 ! eighte5? c5tury ,engli% & ,fr5* philosoph]s 7 able to take up an attitude ( direct ho/ility2 until1 f9ally1 "u ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 ,kant appe>$1 & took away f religi\s belief ! support x _h previ\sly enjoy$ f philosophy3 he emancipat$ ! h&maid ( !ology1 & 9 attack+ ! "q ) ,g]man ?or\ghness & pati5ce1 gave x an e>ne/ in/ead ( a frivol\s tone4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is is t we see ,*ri/ianity und]m9$ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 a s]i\s fai? 9 x almo/ completely gone2 we see x fight+ ev5 = b>e exi/5ce1 :il/ anxi\s pr9ces try to set x up a little by artificial means1 z a doctor uses a drug on a dy+ pati5t4 ,9 ?is connection !re is a passage 9 ,condorcet's ,des ,progrs de l'esprit huma9 :i* looks z if writt5 z a w>n+ to our age3 ! religi\s zeal %[n by philosoph]s & great m5 0 only a political devotion2 & e religion :i* all[s itself to be def5d$ z a belief t may usefully be left to ! p1 c only hope = an agony m or less prolong$4 ,9 ! :ole c\rse ( ! ev5ts :i* ,i h indicat$1 y may always obs]ve t fai? & k are relat$ z ! two scales ( a balance2 :5 ! "o goes up1 ! o!r goes d[n4 ,s s5sitive is ! balance t x indicates mom5t>y influ5ces4 ,:51 = in/ance1 at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury1 ^? inroads ( ,fr5* robb]s "u ! lead]%ip ( ,bonap>te1 & ! enorm\s ef=ts necess>y = driv+ !m out & puni%+ !m1 _h br\ght ab\t a tempor>y neglect ( sci5ce & consequ5tly a c]ta9 decl9e 9 ! g5]al increase ( k1 ! ,*ur* imm$iately began to raise h] head aga9 & ,fai? began to %[ fre% signs ( life2 :i*1 to be sure1 9 keep+ ) ! times1 0 p>tly poetical 9 its nature4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! m ?an ?irty ye>s ( peace :i* foll[$1 leisure & prosp]ity fur!r$ ! build+ up ( sci5ce & ! spread ( k 9 an extraord9>y degree3 ! consequ5ce ( :i* is :at ,i h indicat$1 ! dissolution & ?reat5$ fall ( religion4 ,p]haps ! "t is approa*+ :i* has s (t5 be5 prophesi$1 :5 religion w take h] dep>ture f ,european humanity1 l a nurse :i* ! *ild has outgr[n3 ! *ild w n[ be giv5 ov] to ! in/ructions ( a tutor4 ,= !re is no d\bt t religi\s doctr9es :i* are f\nd$ m]ely on au?ority1 miracles & revelations1 are only suit$ to ! *ildhood ( humanity4 ,ev]yone w admit t a race1 ! pa/ duration ( :i* on ! e>? all acc\nts1 physical & hi/orical1 agree 9 plac+ at n m ?an "s hundr$ times ! life ( a man ( sixty1 is z yet only 9 its fir/ *ildhood4 ,demopheles4 ,in/ead ( tak+ an undisguis$ pleasure 9 prophesy+ ! d[nfall ( ,*ri/ianity1 h[ ,i wi% y w\ld consid] :at a measureless debt ( gratitude ,european humanity owes to x1 h[ greatly x has b5efit$ by ! religion :i*1 aft] a long int]val1 foll[$ x f its old home 9 ! ,ea/4 ,europe receiv$ f ,*ri/ianity ideas :i* 7 q new to x1 ! ,k1 ,i mean1 ( ! fundam5tal tru? t life _c be an end-9-itself1 t ! true end ( our exi/5ce lies beyond x4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans _h plac$ ?is end altoge!r 9 our pres5t life1 s t 9 ?is s5se !y may c]ta9ly be call$ bl9d hea!ns4 ,&1 9 keep+ ) ?is view ( life1 all _! virtues c be r$uc$ to :at is s]viceable to ! community1 to :at is useful 9 fact4 ,ari/otle says q naively1 ,^? virtues mu/ necess>ily be ! greate/ :i* are ! mo/ useful to o!rs4 ,s ! anci5ts ?\ght patriotism ! highe/ virtue1 al?\gh x is really a v d\btful "o1 s9ce n>r[ness1 prejudice1 vanity & an enlight5$ self-int]e/ are ma9 elem5ts 9 x4 ,j be=e ! passage ,i quot$1 ,ari/otle enum]ates all ! virtues1 9 ord] to discuss !m s+ly4 ,!y are ,ju/ice1 ,c\rage1 ,temp]ance1 ,magnific5ce1 ,magnanimity1 ,lib]ality1 ,g5tl5ess1 ,good ,s5se & ,wisdom4 ,h[ diff]5t f ! ,*ri/ian virtues6 ,plato himself1 incomp>ably ! mo/ transc5d5tal philosoph] ( pre-,*ri/ian antiquity1 kn[s no high] virtue ?an ,ju/ice2 & he alone recomm5ds x unconditionally & = its own sake1 :]eas ! re/ make a happy life1 vita beata1 ! aim ( all virtue1 & moral conduct ! way to atta9 x4 ,*ri/ianity fre$ ,european humanity f ?is %all[1 crude id5tification ( itself ) ! holl[1 unc]ta9 exi/5ce ( e day1 coelumque tu]i ,jussit1 et erectos ad sid]a toll]e vultus4 ,*ri/ianity1 accord+ly1 does n prea* m]e ,ju/ice1 b ! ,love ( ,mank9d1 ,compassion1 ,good ,works1 ,=giv5ess1 ,love ( y\r ,enemies1 ,pati5ce1 ,humility1 ,resignation1 ,fai? & ,hope4 ,x ev5 w5t a /ep fur!r1 & taught t ! _w is ( evil1 & t we ne$ deliv]ance4 ,x prea*$ despisal ( ! _w1 self-d5ial1 *a/ity1 giv+ up ( "o's w1 t is1 turn+ away f life & its illusory pleasures4 ,x taught ! heal+ p[] ( pa93 an in/rum5t ( torture is ! symbol ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i am q ready to admit t ?is e>ne/1 ?is only correct view ( life 0 ?\s&s ( ye>s previ\sly spread all ov] ,asia 9 o!r =ms1 z x is /ill1 indep5d5tly ( ,*ri/ianity2 b = ,european humanity x 0 a new & great revelation4 ,= x is well kn[n t ! population ( ,europe consi/s ( ,asiatic races driv5 out z w&]]s f _! own homes1 & gradually settl+ d[n 9 ,europe2 on _! w&]+s ^! races lo/ ! orig9al religion ( _! homes1 & ) x ! "r view ( life3 s1 "u a new sky1 !y =m$ religions = !mselves1 :i* 7 r crude2 ! wor%ip ( ,od91 = in/ance1 ! ,druidic or ! ,greek religion1 ! metaphysical cont5t ( :i* 0 little & %all[4 ,9 ! meantime ! ,greeks develop$ a special1 "o might almo/ say1 an in/9ctive s5se ( beauty1 belong+ to !m alone ( all ! nations :o h ev] exi/$ on ! e>?1 peculi>1 f9e & exact3 s t _! my?ology took1 9 ! m\? ( _! poets1 & 9 ! h&s ( _! arti/s1 an exce$+ly beautiful & pleas+ %ape4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! true & deep significance ( life 0 lo/ to ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,!y liv$ on l gr[n-up *ildr51 till ,*ri/ianity came & recall$ !m to ! s]i\s side ( exi/5ce4 ,philale!s4 ,& to see ! effects "o ne$ only comp>e antiquity ) ! ,middle ,age2 ! "t ( ,p]icles1 say1 ) ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,y c\ld sc>cely believe y 7 deal+ ) ! same k9d ( be+s4 ,!re1 ! f9e/ developm5t ( humanity1 excell5t in/itutions1 wise laws1 %rewdly apportion$ (fices1 rationally ord]$ fre$om1 all ! arts1 includ+ poetry & philosophy1 at _! be/2 ! production ( works :i*1 aft] ?\s&s ( ye>s1 are unp>allel$1 ! creations1 z x 71 ( a high] ord] ( be+s1 :i* we c nev] imitate2 life embelli%$ by ! noble/ fell[%ip1 z portray$ 9 ,x5oph5's ,banquet4 ,look on ! o!r picture1 if y c2 a "t at :i* ! ,*ur* _h enslav$ ! m9ds1 & viol5ce ! bodies ( m51 t knights & prie/s might lay ! :ole weight ( life ^u ! common bea/ ( burd51 ! ?ird e/ate4 ,!re1 y h might z "r1 ,feudalism & ,fanaticism 9 close alliance1 & 9 _! tra9 abom9able ignorance & d>kness ( m9d1 a correspond+ intol]ance1 discord ( cre$s1 religi\s w>s1 crusades1 inquisitions & p]secutions2 z ! =m ( fell[%ip1 *ivalry1 comp\nd$ ( savag]y & folly1 ) its p$antic sy/em ( ridicul\s false pret5ces c>ri$ to an extreme1 its degrad+ sup]/ition & api% v5]ation = wom54 ,gallantry is ! residue ( ?is v5]ation1 des]v$ly requit$ z x is by fem99e arrogance2 x af=ds cont9ual food = laught] to all ,asiatics1 & ! ,greeks w\ld h jo9$ 9 x4 ,9 ! gold5 ,middle ,age ! practice develop$ into a regul> & me?odical s]vice ( wom52 x impos$ de$s ( h]oism1 c\rs d'am\r1 bomba/ic ,tr\bad\r songs1 etc42 al?\gh x is to be obs]v$ t ^! la/ buffoon]ies1 :i* _h an intellectual side1 7 *iefly at home 9 ,france2 :]eas among/ ! mat]ial sluggi% ,g]mans1 ! knights di/+ui%$ !mselves r by dr9k+ & /eal+2 !y 7 good at booz+ & fill+ _! ca/les ) plund]2 ?\gh 9 ! c\rts1 to be sure1 !re 0 no lack ( insipid love songs4 ,:at caus$ ?is utt] trans=mation8 ,migration & ,*ri/ianity4 ,demopheles4 ,i am glad y rem9d$ me ( x4 ,migration 0 ! s\rce ( ! evil2 ,*ri/ianity ! dam on :i* x broke4 ,x 0 *iefly by ,*ri/ianity t ! raw1 wild hordes :i* came flood+ 9 7 controll$ & tam$4 ,! savage man mu/ fir/ ( all le>n to kneel1 to v5]ate1 to obey2 aft] t he c be civiliz$4 ,?is 0 done 9 ,irel& by ,/4 ,patrick1 9 ,g]many by ,w9ifr$ ! ,saxon1 :o 0 a g5u9e ,boniface4 ,x 0 migration ( peoples1 ! la/ advance ( ,asiatic races t[>ds ,europe1 foll[$ only by ! fruitless attempts ( ^? "u ,attila1 ,z5ghis ,khan1 & ,timur1 & z a comic aft]piece1 by ! gipsies1--x 0 ?is movem5t :i* swept away ! humanity ( ! anci5ts4 ,*ri/ianity 0 precisely ! pr9ciple :i* set itself to "w aga9/ ?is savag]y2 j z lat]1 ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! ,middle ,age1 ! ,*ur* & its hi]>*y 7 mo/ necess>y to set limits to ! savage b>b>ism ( ^? ma/]s ( viol5ce1 ! pr9ces & knights3 x 0 :at broke up ! icefloes 9 t mighty deluge4 ,/ill1 ! *ief aim ( ,*ri/ianity is n s mu* to make ?is life pleasant z to r5d] u wor?y ( a bett]4 ,x looks away ov] ?is span ( "t1 ov] ?is fleet+ dream1 & seeks to lead u to et]nal welf>e4 ,its t5d5cy is e?ical 9 ! highe/ s5se ( ! ^w1 a s5se unkn[n 9 ,europe till its adv5t2 z ,i h %[n y1 by putt+ ! morality & religion ( ! anci5ts side by side ) ^? ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,philale!s4 ,y are q "r z reg>ds !ory3 b look at ! practice6 ,9 comp>ison ) ! ages ( ,*ri/ianity ! anci5t _w 0 unque/ionably less cruel ?an ! ,middle ,age1 ) its dea?s by exquisite torture1 its innum]able burn+s at ! /ake4 ,! anci5ts1 fur!r1 7 v endur+1 laid great /ress on ju/ice1 frequ5tly sacrific$ !mselves = _! c\ntry1 %[$ su* traces ( e k9d ( magnanimity1 & su* g5u9e manl9ess1 t to ?is day an acqua9tance ) _! ?\ghts & actions is call$ ! /udy ( ,humanity4 ,! fruits ( ,*ri/ianity 7 religi\s w>s1 but*]ies1 crusades1 inquisitions1 ext]m9ation ( ! natives 9 ,am]ica1 & ! introduction ( ,african slaves 9 _! place2 & among ! anci5ts !re is no?+ analog\s to ?is1 no?+ t c be comp>$ ) x2 = ! slaves ( ! anci5ts1 ! familia1 ! v]nae1 7 a cont5t$ race1 & fai?fully devot$ to _! ma/]s' s]vice1 & z diff]5t f ! mis]able negroes ( ! sug> plantations1 :i* are a disgrace to humanity1 z _! two colors are di/9ct4 ,^? special moral del9qu5cies = :i* we reproa* ! anci5ts1 & :i* are p]haps less uncommon n[-a-days ?an appe>s on ! surface to be ! case1 are trifles comp>$ ) ! ,*ri/ian enormities ,i h m5tion$4 ,c y !n1 all consid]$1 ma9ta9 t mank9d has be5 really made morally bett] by ,*ri/ianity8 ,demopheles4 ,if ! results hav5't ev]y:]e be5 9 keep+ ) ! purity & tru? ( ! doctr9e1 x may be because ! doctr9e has be5 too noble1 too elevat$ = mank9d1 t its aim has be5 plac$ too high4 ,x 0 s mu* easi] to come up to ! hea!n sy/em1 or to ! ,mohamm$an4 ,x is precisely :at is noble & dignifi$ t is mo/ liable ev]y:]e to misuse & fraud3 abusus optimi pessimus4 ,^? high doctr9es h accord+ly n[ & !n s]v$ z a pretext = ! mo/ abom9able proce$+s1 & = acts ( unmitigat$ wick$ness4 ,! d[nfall ( ! in/itutions ( ! old _w1 z well z ( its arts & sci5ces1 is1 z ,i h said1 to be attribut$ to ! inroad ( =eign b>b>ians4 ,! inevitable result ( ?is inroad 0 t ignorance & savag]y got ! upp] h&2 consequ5tly viol5ce & knav]y e/abli%$ _! dom9ion1 & knights & prie/s became a burd5 to mank9d4 ,x is p>tly1 h[ev]1 to be expla9$ by ! fact t ! new religion made et]nal & n temporal welf>e ! object ( desire1 taught t simplicity ( he>t 0 to be pref]r$ to k1 & look$ askance at all worldly pleasure4 ,n[ ! arts & sci5ces subs]ve worldly pleasure2 b 9 s f> z !y c\ld be made s]viceable to religion !y 7 promot$1 & atta9$ a c]ta9 degree ( p]fection4 ,philale!s4 ,9 a v n>r[ sph]e4 ,! sci5ces 7 suspici\s companions1 & z su*1 7 plac$ "u re/rictions3 on ! o!r h&1 d>l+ ignorance1 t elem5t s necess>y to a sy/em ( fai?1 0 c>efully n\ri%$4 ,demopheles4 ,& yet mank9d's possessions 9 ! way ( k up to t p]iod1 :i* 7 pres]v$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! anci5ts1 7 sav$ f de/ruction by ! cl]gy1 especially by ^? 9 ! mona/]ies4 ,h[ w\ld x h f>$ if ,*ri/ianity hadn't come 9 j be=e ! migration ( peoples4 ,philale!s4 ,x w\ld really be a mo/ useful inquiry to try & make1 ) ! colde/ imp>tiality1 an unprejudic$1 c>eful & accurate comp>ison ( ! advantages & disadvantages :i* may be put d[n to religion4 ,= t1 ( c\rse1 a mu* l>g] k ( hi/orical & psy*ological data ?an ei!r ( u comm& w\ld be necess>y4 ,academies might make x a subject = a prize essay4 ,demopheles4 ,!y'll take good c>e n to d s4 ,philale!s4 ,i'm surpris$ to he> y say t3 x's a bad look out = religion4 ,h[ev]1 !re are academies :i*1 9 propos+ a subject = competition1 make x a secret condition t ! prize is to g to ! man :o be/ int]prets _! own view4 ,if we c\ld only beg9 by gett+ a /ati/ician to tell u h[ _m crimes are prev5t$ e ye> by religi\s1 & h[ _m by o!r motives1 !re w\ld be v few ( ! =m]4 ,if a man feels tempt$ to commit a crime1 y may rely ^u x t ! fir/ consid]ation :i* ent]s 8 head is ! p5alty appo9t$ = x1 & ! *ances t x w fall ^u him3 !n comes1 z a second consid]ation1 ! risk to 8 reputation4 ,if ,i am n mi/ak51 he w rum9ate by ! h\r on ^! two imp$im5ts1 be=e he ev] takes a ?\ght ( religi\s consid]ations4 ,if he gets safely ov] ^? two fir/ bulw>ks aga9/ crime1 ,i ?9k religion alone w v r>ely hold him back f x4 ,demopheles4 ,i ?9k t x w v (t5 d s1 especially :5 its influ5ce works ?r\gh ! m$ium ( cu/om4 ,an atroci\s act is at once felt to be repulsive4 ,:at is ?is b ! effect ( e>ly impressions8 ,?9k1 = in/ance1 h[ (t5 a man1 especially if ( noble bir?1 w make trem5d\s sacrifices to p]=m :at he has promis$1 motiv$ entirely by ! fact t 8 fa!r has (t5 e>ne/ly impress$ ^u him 9 8 *ildhood t a man ( honor or a g5tleman or a a cavali] always keeps 8 ^w inviolate4 ,philale!s4 ,t's no use unless !re is a c]ta9 inborn honorabl5ess4 ,y mu/n't ascribe to religion :at results f innate goodness ( "*1 by :i* compassion = ! man :o w\ld suff] by 8 crime keeps a man f committ+ x4 ,?is is ! g5u9e moral motive1 & z su* x is indep5d5t ( all religions4 ,demopheles4 ,b ?is is a motive :i* r>ely affects ! multitude unless x assumes a religi\s aspect4 ,! religi\s aspect at any rate /r5g!ns its p[] = good4 ,yet )\t any su* natural f\ndation1 religi\s motives alone are p[]ful to prev5t crime4 ,we ne$ n be surpris$ at ?is 9 ! case ( ! multitude1 :5 we see t ev5 p ( education pass n[ & !n "u ! influ5ce1 n inde$ ( religi\s motives1 :i* are f\nd$ on some?+ :i* is at lea/ allegorically true1 b ( ! mo/ absurd sup]/ition1 & all[ !mselves to be guid$ by x all _! life long2 z1 = in/ance1 und]tak+ no?+ on a ,friday1 refus+ to sit d[n ?irte5 at a table1 obey+ *ance om5s1 & ! l4 ,h[ mu* m likely is ! multitude to be guid$ by su* ?+s4 ,y c't =m any adequate idea ( ! n>r[ limits ( ! m9d 9 its raw /ate2 x is a place ( absolute d>kness1 especially :51 z (t5 happ5s1 a bad1 unju/ & malici\s he>t is at ! bottom ( x4 ,p 9 ?is condition--& !y =m ! great bulk ( humanity--mu/ be l$ & controll$ z well z may be1 ev5 if x be by really sup]/iti\s motives2 until su* "t z !y become susceptible to tru] & bett] ones4 ,z an in/ance ( ! direct work+ ( religion1 may be cit$ ! fact1 common en\gh1 9 ,italy especially1 ( a ?ief re/or+ /ol5 goods1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( 8 confessor1 :o says he won't absolve him if he doesn't4 ,?9k aga9 ( ! case ( an oa?1 :]e religion %[s a mo/ decid$ influ5ce2 :e!r x be t a man places himself expressly 9 ! position ( a purely moral be+1 & z su* looks ^u himself z solemnly appeal$ to1 z seems to be ! case 9 ,france1 :]e ! =mula is simply je le jure1 & also among ! ,quak]s1 ^: solemn yea or nay is reg>d$ z a sub/itute = ! oa?2 or :e!r x be t a man really believes he is pron\nc+ some?+ :i* may affect 8 et]nal happ9ess1--a belief :i* is presumably only ! inve/iture ( ! =m] feel+4 ,at any rate1 religi\s consid]ations are a means ( awak5+ & call+ out a man's moral nature4 ,h[ (t5 x happ5s t a man agrees to take a false oa?1 & !n1 :5 x comes to ! po9t1 sudd5ly refuses1 & tru? & "r w9 ! day4 ,philale!s4 ,(t5] /ill false oa?s are really tak51 & tru? & "r trampl$ "u foot1 ?\gh all witnesses ( ! oa? "k x well6 ,/ill y are q "r to quote ! oa? z an und5iable example ( ! practical efficacy ( religion4 ,b1 9 spite ( all y've said1 ,i d\bt :e!r ! efficacy ( religion goes mu* beyond ?is4 ,j ?9k2 if a public proclamation 7 sudd5ly made ann\nc+ ! repeal ( all ! crim9al laws2 ,i fancy nei!r y nor ,i w\ld h ! c\rage to g home f "h "u ! protection ( religi\s motives4 ,if1 9 ! same way1 all religions 7 decl>$ untrue1 we c\ld1 "u ! protection ( ! laws alone1 g on liv+ z be=e1 )\t any special addition to our appreh5sions or our measures ( precaution4 ,i w g beyond ?is1 & say t religions h v frequ5tly ex]cis$ a decid$ly demoraliz+ influ5ce4 ,"o may say g5]ally t duties t[>ds ,god & duties t[>ds humanity are 9 inv]se ratio4 ,x is easy to let adulation ( ! ,deity make am5ds = lack ( prop] behavior t[>ds man4 ,& s we see t 9 all times & 9 all c\ntries ! great majority ( mank9d f9d x mu* easi] to beg _! way to heav5 by pray]s ?an to des]ve to g !re by _! actions4 ,9 e religion x soon comes to be ! case t fai?1 c]emonies1 rites & ! l1 are proclaim$ to be m agreeable to ! ,div9e w ?an moral actions2 ! =m]1 especially if !y are b\nd up ) ! emolum5ts ( ! cl]gy1 gradually come to be look$ ^u z a sub/itute = ! latt]4 ,sacrifices 9 temples1 ! say+ ( masses1 ! f\nd+ ( *apels1 ! plant+ ( crosses by ! roadside1 soon come to be ! mo/ m]itori\s works1 s t ev5 great crimes are expiat$ by !m1 z also by p5ance1 subjection to prie/ly au?ority1 confessions1 pilgrimages1 donations to ! temples & ! cl]gy1 ! build+ ( mona/]ies & ! l4 ,! consequ5ce ( all ?is is t ! prie/s f9ally appe> z middlem5 9 ! corruption ( ! gods4 ,& if matt]s don't g q s f> z t1 :]e is ! religion ^: adh]5ts don't consid] pray]s1 praise & manifold acts ( devotion1 a sub/itute1 at lea/ 9 "p1 = moral conduct8 ,look at ,engl&1 :]e by an audaci\s piece ( prie/craft1 ! ,*ri/ian ,sunday1 introduc$ by ,con/ant9e ! ,great z a subject = ! ,jewi% ,sabba?1 is 9 a m5daci\s way id5tifi$ ) x1 & takes its "n1--& ?is 9 ord] t ! comm&s ( ,jehovah = ! ,sabba? 7t is1 ! day on :i* ! ,almighty _h to re/ f 8 six days' labor1 s t x is ess5tially ! la/ day ( ! week71 might be appli$ to ! ,*ri/ian ,sunday1 ! dies solis1 ! fir/ day ( ! week :i* ! sun op5s 9 glory1 ! day ( devotion & joy4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is fraud is t ,sabba?-break+1 or ! desecration ( ! ,sabba?1 t is1 ! slighte/ occupation1 :e!r ( bus9ess or pleasure1 all games1 music1 sew+1 worldly books1 are on ,sundays look$ ^u z great s9s4 ,surely ! ord9>y man mu/ believe t if1 z 8 spiritual guides impress ^u him1 he is only con/ant 9 a /rict obs]vance ( ! holy ,sabba?1 & is a regul> att5dant at ,div9e ,s]vice1 t is1 if he only inv>iably idles away 8 "t on ,sundays1 & doesn't fail to sit two h\rs 9 *ur* to he> ! same litany = ! ?\s&? "t & mutt] x 9 tune ) ! o!rs1 he may reckon on indulg5ce 9 reg>d to ^? little peccadilloes :i* he occasionally all[s himself4 ,^? devils 9 human =m1 ! slave own]s & slave trad]s 9 ! ,free ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica 7!y %\ld be call$ ! ,slave ,/ates7 are1 z a rule1 or?odox1 pi\s ,anglicans :o w\ld consid] x a grave s9 to "w on ,sundays2 & hav+ confid5ce 9 ?is1 & _! regul> att5dance at *ur*1 !y hope = et]nal happ9ess4 ,! demoraliz+ t5d5cy ( religion is less problematical ?an its moral influ5ce4 ,h[ great & h[ c]ta9 t moral influ5ce mu/ be to make am5ds = ! enormities :i* religions1 especially ! ,*ri/ian & ,mohamm$an religions1 h produc$ & spread ov] ! e>?6 ,?9k ( ! fanaticism1 ! endless p]secutions1 ! religi\s w>s1 t sangu9>y fr5zy ( :i* ! anci5ts _h no conception6 ?9k ( ! crusades1 a but*]y la/+ two hundr$ ye>s & inexcusable1 its w> cry ,x is ! w ( ,god1 its object to ga9 possession ( ! grave ( "o :o prea*$ love & suff]ance6 ?9k ( ! cruel expulsion & ext]m9ation ( ! ,moors & ,jews f ,spa96 ?9k ( ! orgies ( blood1 ! inquisitions1 ! h]etical tribunals1 ! bloody & t]rible conque/s ( ! ,mohamm$ans 9 ?ree cont95ts1 or ^? ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,am]ica1 ^: inhabitants 7 = ! mo/ "p1 & 9 ,cuba entirely1 ext]m9at$4 ,accord+ to ,las ,cases1 ,*ri/ianity murd]$ twelve millions 9 =ty ye>s1 ( c\rse all 9 majorem ,dei gloriam1 & = ! propagation ( ! ,gospel1 & because :at wasn't ,*ri/ian wasn't ev5 look$ ^u z human6 ,i h1 x is true1 t\*$ ^u ^! matt]s be=e2 b :5 9 our day1 we he> ( ,late/ ,news f ! ,k+dom ( ,god ,footnote3 ,a mission>y pap]1 ( :i* ! #dj? annual numb] appe>$ 9 #ahef1 we %all n be we>y ( br++ old news to m9d4 ,& above all1 don't let u =get ,india1 ! cradle ( ! human race1 or at lea/ ( t "p ( x to :i* we belong1 :]e fir/ ,mohamm$ans1 & !n ,*ri/ians1 7 mo/ cruelly infuriat$ aga9/ ! adh]5ts ( ! orig9al fai? ( mank9d4 ,! de/ruction or disfigurem5t ( ! anci5t temples & idols1 a lam5table1 mis*iev\s & b>b>\s act1 /ill be>s witness to ! mono!i/ic fury ( ! ,mohamm$ans1 c>ri$ on f ,m>mud1 ! ,ghaznevid ( curs$ memory1 d[n to ,aur5g ,zeb1 ! fratricide1 :om ! ,portuguese ,*ri/ians h zeal\sly imitat$ by de/ruction ( temples & ! auto de f ( ! inquisition at ,goa4 ,don't let u =get ! *os5 p ( ,god1 :o aft] !y _h1 by ,jehovah's express comm&1 /ol5 f _! old & tru/y fri5ds 9 ,egypt ! gold & silv] vessels :i* _h be5 l5t to !m1 made a murd]\s & plund]+ inroad into ! ,promis$ ,l&1 ) ! murd]] ,moses at _! head1 to te> x f ! rightful own]s1--aga91 by ! same ,jehovah's express & repeat$ comm&s1 %[+ no m]cy1 ext]m9at+ ! inhabitants1 wom51 *ildr5 & all 7,jo%ua1 *4 #i & #aj74 ,& all ?is1 simply because !y w]5't circumcis$ & didn't "k ,jehovah1 :i* 0 reason en\gh to ju/ify e enormity aga9/ !m2 j z = ! same reason1 9 e>li] times1 ! infam\s knav]y ( ! patri>* ,jacob & 8 *os5 p aga9/ ,hamor1 ,k+ ( ,%alem1 & 8 p1 is report$ to 8 glory because ! p 7 unbeliev]s6 7,g5esis xxxiii4 #ah47 ,truly1 x is ! wor/ side ( religions t ! believ]s ( "o religion h all[$ !mselves e s9 aga9 ^? ( ano!r1 & ) ! utmo/ ruffianism & cruelty p]secut$ !m2 ! ,mohamm$ans aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians & ,h9doos2 ! ,*ri/ians aga9/ ! ,h9doos1 ,mohamm$ans1 ,am]ican natives1 ,negroes1 ,jews1 h]etics1 & o!rs4 ,p]haps ,i g too f> 9 say+ all religions4 ,= ! sake ( tru?1 ,i mu/ add t ! fanatical enormities p]petrat$ 9 ! "n ( religion are only to be put d[n to ! adh]5ts ( mono!i/ic cre$s1 t is1 ! ,jewi% fai? & its two bran*es1 ,*ri/ianity & ,islamism4 ,we he> ( no?+ ( ! k9d 9 ! case ( ,h9doos & ,buddhi/s4 ,al?\gh x is a matt] ( common k t ab\t ! fif? c5tury ( our era ,buddhism 0 driv5 out by ! ,brahmans f its anci5t home 9 ! s\!rnmo/ "p ( ! ,indian p59sula1 & aft]w>ds spread ov] ! :ole ( ! re/ ( ,asia1 z f> z ,i "k1 we h no def9ite acc\nt ( any crimes ( viol5ce1 or w>s1 or cruelties1 p]petrat$ 9 ! c\rse ( x4 ,t may1 ( c\rse1 be attributable to ! obscurity :i* veils ! hi/ory ( ^? c\ntries2 b ! exce$+ly mild "* ( _! religion1 toge!r ) _! unceas+ inculcation ( =be>ance t[>ds all liv+ ?+s1 & ! fact t ,brahmanism by its ca/e sy/em prop]ly admits no proselytes1 all[s "o to hope t _! adh]5ts may be acquitt$ ( %$d+ blood on a l>ge scale1 & ( cruelty 9 any =m4 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 9 8 excell5t book on ,ea/]n ,mona*ism1 praises ! extraord9>y tol]ance ( ! ,buddhi/s1 & adds 8 assurance t ! annals ( ,buddhism w furni% few] in/ances ( religi\s p]secution ?an ^? ( any o!r religion4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is only to mono!ism t intol]ance is ess5tial2 an only god is by 8 nature a jeal\s god1 :o c all[ no o!r god to exi/4 ,poly!i/ic gods1 on ! o!r h&1 are naturally tol]ant2 !y live & let live2 _! own colleagues are ! *ief objects ( _! suff]ance1 z be+ gods ( ! same religion4 ,?is tol]ation is aft]w>ds ext5d$ to =eign gods1 :o are1 accord+ly1 hospitably receiv$1 & lat] on admitt$1 9 "s cases1 to an equality ( rights2 ! *ief example ( :i* is %[n by ! fact1 t ! ,romans will+ly admitt$ & v5]at$ ,phrygian1 ,egyptian & o!r gods4 ,h5ce x is t mono!i/ic religions alone furni% ! spectacle ( religi\s w>s1 religi\s p]secutions1 h]etical tribunals1 t break+ ( idols & de/ruction ( images ( ! gods1 t raz+ ( ,indian temples1 & ,egyptian colossi1 :i* _h look$ on ! sun ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 j because a jeal\s god _h said1 ,?\ %alt make no grav5 image4 ,b to return to ! *ief po9t4 ,y are c]ta9ly "r 9 insi/+ on ! /rong metaphysical ne$s ( mank9d2 b religion appe>s to me to be n s mu* a satisfaction z an abuse ( ^? ne$s4 ,at any rate we h se5 t 9 reg>d to ! fur!rance ( morality1 its utility is1 = ! mo/ "p1 problematical1 its disadvantages1 & especially ! atrocities :i* h foll[$ 9 its tra91 are pat5t to ! light ( day4 ,( c\rse x is q a diff]5t matt] if we consid] ! utility ( religion z a prop ( ?rones2 = :]e ^! are held by ! grace ( ,god1 ?rone & alt> are intimately associat$2 & e wise pr9ce :o loves 8 ?rone & 8 family w appe> at ! head ( 8 p z an exempl> ( true religion4 ,ev5 ,ma*iavelli1 9 ! eighte5? *apt] ( 8 book1 mo/ e>ne/ly recomm5d$ religion to pr9ces4 ,beyond ?is1 "o may say t reveal$ religions /& to philosophy exactly 9 ! relation ( sov]eigns by ! grace ( ,god1 to ! sov]eignty ( ! p2 s t ! two =m] t]ms ( ! p>allel are 9 natural alliance4 ,demopheles4 ,oh1 don't take t tone6 ,y're go+ h& 9 h& ) o*locracy & an>*y1 ! ar* enemy ( all legislative ord]1 all civilization & all humanity4 ,philale!s4 ,y are "r4 ,x 0 only a sophism ( m9e1 :at ! f5c+ ma/] calls a fe9t4 ,i retract x4 ,b see h[ disput+ sometimes makes an hone/ man unju/ & malici\s4 ,let u /op4 ,demopheles4 ,i c't help regrett+ t1 aft] all ! tr\ble ,i've tak51 ,i hav5't alt]$ y\r disposition 9 reg>d to religion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i c assure y t ev]y?+ y h said hasn't %ak5 my conviction ( its high value & necessity4 ,philale!s4 ,i fully believe y2 =1 z we may read 9 ,hudibras-- ,a man conv9c$ aga9/ 8 w ,is ( ! same op9ion /ill4 ,my consolation is t1 alike 9 controv]sies & 9 tak+ m9]al wat]s1 ! aft] effects are ! true ones4 ,demopheles4 ,well1 ,i hope x'll be b5eficial 9 y\r case4 ,philale!s4 ,x might be s1 if ,i c\ld dige/ a c]ta9 ,spani% prov]b4 ,demopheles4 ,:i* is8 ,philale!s4 ,beh9d ! cross /&s ! devil4 ,demopheles4 ,come1 don't let u "p ) s>casms4 ,let u r admit t religion1 l ,janus1 or bett] /ill1 l ! ,brahman god ( dea?1 ,yama1 has two faces1 & l him1 "o fri5dly1 ! o!r sull54 ,ea* ( u has kept 8 eye fix$ on "o alone4 ,philale!s4 ,y are "r1 old fell[4 ,a ,,few ,,words ,,on ,,pan!ism4 ,! controv]sy betwe5 ,!ism & ,pan!ism might be pres5t$ 9 an allegorical or dramatic =m by suppos+ a dialogue betwe5 two p]sons 9 ! pit ( a !atre at ,milan dur+ ! p]=mance ( a piece4 ,"o ( !m1 conv9c$ t he is 9 ,girolamo's r5[n$ m>ionette-!atre1 admires ! art by :i* ! director gets up ! dolls & guides _! movem5ts4 ,oh1 y are q mi/ak51 says ! o!r1 we're 9 ! ,teatro della ,scala2 x is ! manag] & 8 tr\pe :o are on ! /age2 !y are ! p]sons y see be=e y2 ! poet too is tak+ a "p4 ,! *ief objection ,i h to ,pan!ism is t x says no?+4 ,to call ! _w ,god is n to expla9 x2 x is only to enri* our language ) a sup]flu\s synonym = ! ^w _w4 ,x comes to ! same ?+ :e!r y say ! _w is ,god1 or ,god is ! _w4 ,b if y />t f ,god z some?+ t is giv5 9 exp]i5ce1 & has to be expla9$1 & !y say1 ,god is ! _w1 y are af=d+ :at is to "s ext5t an explanation1 9 s f> z y are r$uc+ :at is unkn[n to :at is p>tly kn[n 7ignotum p] notius72 b x is only a v]bal explanation4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y />t f :at is really giv51 t is to say1 f ! _w1 & say1 ! _w is ,god1 x is cle> t y say no?+1 or at lea/ y are expla9+ :at is unkn[n by :at is m unkn[n4 ,h5ce1 ,pan!ism presupposes ,!ism2 only 9 s f> z y />t f a god1 t is1 9 s f> z y possess him z some?+ ) :i* y are already famili>1 c y end by id5tify+ him ) ! _w2 & y\r purpose 9 do+ s is to put him out ( ! way 9 a dec5t fa%ion4 ,9 o!r words1 y d n />t cle> f ! _w z some?+ t requires explanation2 y />t f ,god z some?+ t is giv51 & n kn[+ :at to d ) him1 y make ! _w take ov] 8 role4 ,?is is ! orig9 ( ,pan!ism4 ,tak+ an unprejudic$ view ( ! _w z x is1 no "o w\ld dream ( reg>d+ x z a god4 ,x mu/ be a v ill-advis$ god :o kn[s no bett] way ( div]t+ himself ?an by turn+ into su* a _w z ours1 su* a mean1 %abby _w1 !re to take ! =m ( innum]able millions :o live inde$1 b are frett$ & torm5t$1 & :o manage to exi/ a :ile toge!r1 only by prey+ on "o ano!r2 to be> mis]y1 ne$ & dea?1 )\t measure & )\t object1 9 ! =m1 = in/ance1 ( millions ( negro slaves1 or ( ! ?ree million weav]s 9 ,europe :o1 9 hung] & c>e1 lead a mis]able exi/5ce 9 damp rooms or ! *e]less halls ( a factory4 ,:at a pa/ime ?is = a god1 :o mu/1 z su*1 be us$ to ano!r mode ( exi/5ce6 ,we f9d accord+ly t :at is describ$ z ! great advance f ,!ism to ,pan!ism1 if look$ at s]i\sly1 & n simply z a mask$ negation ( ! sort indicat$ above1 is a transition f :at is unprov$ & h>dly conceivable to :at is absolutely absurd4 ,= h[ev] obscure1 h[ev] loose or confus$ may be ! idea :i* we connect ) ! ^w ,god1 !re are two pr$icates :i* are insep>able f x1 ! highe/ p[] & ! highe/ wisdom4 ,x is absolutely absurd to ?9k t a be+ end[$ ) ^! qualities %\ld h put himself into ! position describ$ above4 ,!ism1 on ! o!r h&1 is some?+ :i* is m]ely unprov$2 & if x is difficult to look ^u ! inf9ite _w z ! "w ( a p]sonal1 & !re=e individual1 ,be+1 ! l ( :i* we "k only f our exp]i5ce ( ! animal _w1 x is nev]!less n an absolutely absurd idea4 ,t a ,be+1 at once almighty & all-good1 %\ld create a _w ( torm5t is always conceivable2 ev5 ?\gh we d n "k :y he does s2 & accord+ly we f9d t :5 p ascribe ! height ( goodness to ?is ,be+1 !y set up ! inscrutable nature ( 8 wisdom z ! refuge by :i* ! doctr9e escapes ! *>ge ( absurdity4 ,pan!ism1 h[ev]1 assumes t ! creative ,god is himself ! _w ( inf9ite torm5t1 &1 9 ?is little _w alone1 dies e second1 & t entirely ( 8 own w2 :i* is absurd4 ,x w\ld be mu* m correct to id5tify ! _w ) ! devil1 z ! v5]able au?or ( ! ,deuts*e ,!ologie has1 9 fact1 done 9 a passage ( 8 immortal "w1 :]e he says1 ,:]e=e ! evil _s & nature are "o1 & :]e nature is n ov]come1 nei!r is ! evil adv]s>y ov]come4 ,x is manife/ t ! ,pan!i/s give ! ,sans>a ! "n ( ,god4 ,! same "n is giv5 by ! ,my/ics to ! ,nirvana4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 /ate m ab\t ! ,nirvana ?an !y "k1 :i* is n done by ! ,buddhi/s1 ^: ,nirvana is accord+ly a relative no?+4 ,x is only ,jews1 ,*ri/ians1 & ,mohamm$ans :o give its prop] & correct mean+ to ! ^w ,god4 ,! expression1 (t5 he>d n[-a-days1 ! _w is an end-9-itself1 leaves x unc]ta9 :e!r ,pan!ism or a simple ,fatalism is to be tak5 z ! explanation ( x4 ,b1 :i*ev] x be1 ! expression looks ^u ! _w f a physical po9t ( view only1 & leaves out ( sight its moral significance1 because y _c assume a moral significance )\t pres5t+ ! _w z means to a high] end4 ,! notion t ! _w has a physical b n a moral mean+1 is ! mo/ mis*iev\s error sprung f ! greate/ m5tal p]v]sity4 ,,on ,,books ,,& ,,read+4 ,ignorance is degrad+ only :5 f\nd 9 company ) ri*es4 ,! poor man is re/ra9$ by pov]ty & ne$3 labor occupies 8 ?\ghts1 & takes ! place ( k4 ,b ri* m5 :o are ignorant live = _! lu/s only1 & are l ! bea/s ( ! field2 z may be se5 e day3 & !y c also be reproa*$ = n hav+ us$ weal? & leisure = t :i* gives !m _! greate/ value4 ,:5 we read1 ano!r p]son ?9ks = u3 we m]ely repeat 8 m5tal process4 ,9 le>n+ to write1 ! pupil goes ov] ) 8 p5 :at ! tea*] has outl9$ 9 p5cil3 s 9 read+2 ! great] "p ( ! "w ( ?\ght is already done = u4 ,?is is :y x relieves u to take up a book aft] be+ occupi$ ) our own ?\ghts4 ,& 9 read+1 ! m9d is1 9 fact1 only ! playgr\nd ( ano!r's ?\ghts4 ,s x comes ab\t t if anyone sp5ds almo/ ! :ole day 9 read+1 & by way ( relaxation devotes ! int]vals to "s ?\ghtless pa/ime1 he gradually loses ! capacity = ?9k+2 j z ! man :o always rides1 at la/ =gets h[ to walk4 ,?is is ! case ) _m le>n$ p]sons3 !y h read !mselves /upid4 ,= to occupy e sp>e mom5t 9 read+1 & to d no?+ b read1 is ev5 m p>alyz+ to ! m9d ?an con/ant manual labor1 :i* at lea/ all[s ^? engag$ 9 x to foll[ _! own ?\ghts4 ,a spr+ nev] free f ! pressure ( "s =eign body at la/ loses its ela/icity2 & s does ! m9d if o!r p's ?\ghts are con/antly =c$ ^u x4 ,j z y c ru9 ! /oma* & impair ! :ole body by tak+ too mu* n\ri%m5t1 s y c ov]fill & *oke ! m9d by fe$+ x too mu*4 ,! m y read1 ! few] are ! traces left by :at y h read3 ! m9d becomes l a tablet cross$ ov] & ov] ) writ+4 ,!re is no "t = rum9at+1 & 9 no o!r way c y assimilate :at y h read4 ,if y read on & on )\t sett+ y\r own ?\ghts to "w1 :at y h read c n /rike root1 & is g5]ally lo/4 ,x is1 9 fact1 j ! same ) m5tal z ) bodily food3 h>dly ! fif? "p ( :at "o takes is assimilat$4 ,! re/ passes (f 9 evaporation1 respiration & ! l4 ,! result ( all ?is is t ?\ghts put on pap] are no?+ m ?an foot/eps 9 ! s&3 y see ! way ! man has gone1 b to "k :at he saw on 8 walk1 y want 8 eyes4 ,!re is no quality ( /yle t c be ga9$ by read+ writ]s :o possess x2 :e!r x be p]suasiv5ess1 imag9ation1 ! gift ( draw+ comp>isons1 boldness1 bitt]ness1 brevity1 grace1 ease ( expression or wit1 unexpect$ contra/s1 a laconic or naive mann]1 & ! l4 ,b if ^! qualities are already 9 u1 exi/1 t is to say1 pot5tially1 we c call !m =? & br+ !m to consci\sness2 we c le>n ! purposes to :i* !y c be put2 we c be /r5g!n$ 9 our incl9ation to use !m1 or get c\rage to d s2 we c judge by examples ! effect ( apply+ !m1 & s acquire ! correct use ( !m2 & ( c\rse x is only :5 we h arriv$ at t po9t t we actually possess ^! qualities4 ,! only way 9 :i* read+ c =m /yle is by tea*+ u ! use to :i* we c put our own natural gifts4 ,we mu/ h ^! gifts be=e we beg9 to le>n ! use ( !m4 ,)\t !m1 read+ tea*es u no?+ b cold1 dead mann]isms & makes u %all[ imitators4 ,! /rata ( ! e>? pres]ve 9 r[s ! creatures :i* liv$ 9 =m] ages2 & ! array ( books on ! %elves ( a libr>y /ores up 9 l mann] ! errors ( ! pa/ & ! way 9 :i* !y h be5 expos$4 ,l ^? creatures1 !y too 7 full ( life 9 _! "t1 & made a great deal ( noise2 b n[ !y are /iff & fossiliz$1 & an object ( curiosity to ! lit]>y palaeontologi/ alone4 ,h]odotus relates t ,x]xes wept at ! sight ( 8 army1 :i* /ret*$ fur!r ?an ! eye c\ld rea*1 9 ! ?\ght t ( all ^!1 aft] a hundr$ ye>s1 n "o w\ld be alive4 ,& 9 look+ ov] a huge catalogue ( new books1 "o might weep at ?9k+ t1 :5 t5 ye>s h pass$1 n "o ( !m w be he>d (4 ,x is 9 lit]ature z 9 life3 :]ev] y turn1 y /umble at once ^u ! incorrigible mob ( humanity1 sw>m+ 9 all directions1 cr[d+ & soil+ ev]y?+1 l flies 9 summ]4 ,h5ce ! numb]1 :i* no man c c\nt1 ( bad books1 ^? rank we$s ( lit]ature1 :i* draw n\ri%m5t f ! corn & *oke x4 ,! "t1 money & att5tion ( ! public1 :i* rightfully belong to good books & _! noble aims1 !y take = !mselves3 !y are writt5 = ! m]e purpose ( mak+ money or procur+ places4 ,s !y are n only useless2 !y d positive mis*ief4 ,n9e-t5?s ( ! :ole ( our pres5t lit]ature has no o!r aim ?an to get a few %ill+s out ( ! pockets ( ! public2 & to ?is end au?or1 publi%] & review] are 9 league4 ,let me m5tion a crafty & wick$ trick1 albeit a pr(itable & successful "o1 practis$ by littrateurs1 hack writ]s1 & volum9\s au?ors4 ,9 complete disreg>d ( good ta/e & ! true culture ( ! p]iod1 !y h succe$$ 9 gett+ ! :ole ( ! _w ( fa%ion into lead+ /r+s1 s t !y are all tra9$ to read 9 "t1 & all ! same ?+1 viz41 ! newe/ books2 & t = ! purpose ( gett+ food = conv]sation 9 ! circles 9 :i* !y move4 ,?is is ! aim s]v$ by bad novels1 produc$ by writ]s :o 7 once celebrat$1 z ,sp9dl]1 ,bulw] ,lytton1 ,eug5e ,sue4 ,:at c be m mis]able ?an ! lot ( a read+ public l ?is1 always b\nd to p]use ! late/ works ( extremely commonplace p]sons :o write = money only1 & :o are !re=e nev] few 9 numb]8 & = ?is advantage !y are cont5t to "k by "n only ! works ( ! few sup]ior m9ds ( all ages & all c\ntries4 ,lit]>y newspap]s1 too1 are a s+ul>ly cunn+ device = robb+ ! read+ public ( ! "t :i*1 if culture is to be atta9$1 %\ld be devot$ to ! g5u9e productions ( lit]ature1 in/ead ( be+ occupi$ by ! daily bungl+ commonplace p]sons4 ,h5ce1 9 reg>d to read+1 x is a v important ?+ to be able to refra94 ,skill 9 do+ s consi/s 9 n tak+ into "o's h&s any book m]ely because at ! "t x happ5s to be ext5sively read2 su* z political or religi\s pamphlets1 novels1 poetry1 & ! l1 :i* make a noise1 & may ev5 atta9 to sev]al editions 9 ! fir/ & la/ ye> ( _! exi/5ce4 ,consid]1 r1 t ! man :o writes = fools is always sure ( a l>ge audi5ce2 be c>eful to limit y\r "t = read+1 & devote x exclusively to ! works ( ^? great m9ds ( all times & c\ntries1 :o o'ertop ! re/ ( humanity1 ^? :om ! voice ( fame po9ts to z su*4 ,^! alone really educate & in/ruct4 ,y c nev] read bad lit]ature too little1 nor good lit]ature too mu*4 ,bad books are intellectual poison2 !y de/roy ! m9d4 ,because p always read :at is new in/ead ( ! be/ ( all ages1 writ]s rema9 9 ! n>r[ circle ( ! ideas :i* happ5 to prevail 9 _! "t2 & s ! p]iod s9ks deep] & deep] into its own mire4 ,!re are at all times two lit]atures 9 progress1 runn+ side by side1 b little kn[n to ea* o!r2 ! "o real1 ! o!r only app>5t4 ,! =m] gr[s into p]man5t lit]ature2 x is pursu$ by ^? :o live = sci5ce or poetry2 its c\rse is sob] & quiet1 b extremely sl[2 & x produces 9 ,europe sc>cely a doz5 works 9 a c5tury2 ^!1 h[ev]1 are p]man5t4 ,! o!r k9d is pursu$ by p]sons :o live on sci5ce or poetry2 x goes at a gallop ) mu* noise & %\t+ ( p>tisans2 & e twelve-mon? puts a ?\s& works on ! m>ket4 ,b aft] a few ye>s "o asks1 ,:]e are !y8 :]e is ! glory :i* came s soon & made s mu* clamor8 ,?is k9d may be call$ fleet+1 & ! o!r1 p]man5t lit]ature4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( politics1 half a c5tury is always a consid]able "t2 ! matt] :i* goes to =m !m is ev] on ! move2 !re is always some?+ go+ on4 ,b 9 ! hi/ory ( lit]ature !re is (t5 a complete /&/ill = ! same p]iod2 no?+ has happ5$1 = clumsy attempts don't c\nt4 ,y are j :]e y 7 fifty ye>s previ\sly4 ,to expla9 :at ,i mean1 let me comp>e ! advance ( k among mank9d to ! c\rse tak5 by a planet4 ,! false pa?s on :i* humanity usually ent]s aft] e important advance are l ! epicycles 9 ! ,ptolemaic sy/em1 & aft] pass+ ?r\gh "o ( !m1 ! _w is j :]e x 0 be=e x ent]$ x4 ,b ! great m9ds1 :o really br+ ! race fur!r on its c\rse d n accompany x on ! epicycles x makes f "t to "t4 ,?is expla9s :y po/hum\s fame is (t5 b\ght at ! exp5se ( contempor>y praise1 & vice v]sa4 ,an in/ance ( su* an epicycle is ! philosophy />t$ by ,fi*te & ,s*ell+1 & cr[n$ by ,hegel's c>icature ( x4 ,?is epicycle 0 a deviation f ! limit to :i* philosophy _h be5 ultimately br\ght by ,kant2 & at t po9t ,i took x up aga9 aft]w>ds1 to c>ry x fur!r4 ,9 ! int]v5+ p]iod ! %am philosoph]s ,i h m5tion$ & "s o!rs w5t ?r\gh _! epicycle1 :i* _h j come to an end2 s t ^? :o w5t ) !m on _! c\rse are consci\s ( ! fact t !y are exactly at ! po9t f :i* !y />t$4 ,?is circum/ance expla9s :y x is t1 e ?irty ye>s or s1 sci5ce1 lit]ature1 & art1 z express$ 9 ! _s ( ! "t1 are decl>$ bankrupt4 ,! errors :i* appe> f "t to "t am\nt to su* a height 9 t p]iod t ! m]e weight ( _! absurdity makes ! fabric fall2 :il/ ! opposition to !m has be5 ga!r+ =ce at ! same "t4 ,s an upset takes place1 (t5 foll[$ by an error 9 ! opposite direction4 ,to exhibit ^! movem5ts 9 _! p]iodical return w\ld be ! true practical aim ( ! hi/ory ( lit]ature3 little att5tion1 h[ev]1 is paid to x4 ,& besides1 ! comp>atively %ort duration ( ^! p]iods makes x difficult to collect ! data ( epo*s long gone by1 s t x is mo/ conv5i5t to obs]ve h[ ! matt] /&s 9 "o's own g5]ation4 ,an in/ance ( ?is t5d5cy1 drawn f physical sci5ce1 is suppli$ 9 ! ,neptunian geology ( ,w]t]4 ,b let me keep /rictly to ! example cit$ above1 ! ne>e/ we c take4 ,9 ,g]man philosophy1 ! brilliant epo* ( ,kant 0 imm$iately foll[$ by a p]iod :i* aim$ r at be+ impos+ ?an at conv9c+4 ,in/ead ( be+ ?or\gh & cle>1 x tri$ to be dazzl+1 hyp]bolical1 &1 9 a special degree1 un9telligible3 in/ead ( seek+ tru?1 x intrigu$4 ,philosophy c\ld make no progress 9 ?is fa%ion2 & at la/ ! :ole s*ool & its me?od became bankrupt4 ,= ! effront]y ( ,hegel & 8 fell[s came to su* a pass1--:e!r because !y talk$ su* sophi/icat$ nons5se1 or 7 s unscrupul\sly puff$1 or because ! entire aim ( ?is pretty piece ( "w 0 q obvi\s1--t 9 ! end !re 0 no?+ to prev5t *>latanry ( ! :ole bus9ess f becom+ manife/ to ev]ybody3 & :51 9 consequ5ce ( c]ta9 disclosures1 ! favor x _h enjoy$ 9 high qu>t]s 0 )drawn1 ! sy/em 0 op5ly ridicul$4 ,?is mo/ mis]able ( all ! meagre philosophies t h ev] exi/$ came to grief1 & dragg$ d[n ) x into ! abysm ( discr$it1 ! sy/ems ( ,fi*te & ,s*ell+ :i* _h prec$$ x4 ,& s1 z f> z ,g]many is conc]n$1 ! total philosophical incompet5ce ( ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury foll[+ ^u ,kant is q pla93 & /ill ! ,g]mans boa/ ( _! tal5t = philosophy 9 comp>ison ) =eign]s1 especially s9ce an ,engli% writ] has be5 s malici\sly ironical z to call !m a nation ( ?9k]s4 ,= an example ( ! g5]al sy/em ( epicycles drawn f ! hi/ory ( art1 look at ! s*ool ( sculpture :i* fl\ri%$ 9 ! la/ c5tury & took its "n f ,b]n9i1 m especially at ! developm5t ( x :i* prevail$ 9 ,france4 ,! ideal ( ?is s*ool 0 n antique beauty1 b commonplace nature3 in/ead ( ! simplicity & grace ( anci5t art1 x repres5t$ ! mann]s ( a ,fr5* m9uet4 ,?is t5d5cy became bankrupt :51 "u ,w9kelman's direction1 a return 0 made to ! antique s*ool4 ,! hi/ory ( pa9t+ furni%es an illu/ration 9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury1 :5 art 0 look$ ^u m]ely z a means & in/rum5t ( m$iaeval religi\s s5tim5t1 & its !mes consequ5tly drawn f ecclesia/ical subjects alone3 ^!1 h[ev]1 7 treat$ by pa9t]s :o _h none ( ! true e>ne/ness ( fai?1 & 9 _! delusion !y foll[$ ,francesco ,francia1 ,pietro ,p]ug9o1 ,angelico da ,fiesole & o!rs l !m1 rat+ !m high] ev5 ?an ! really great ma/]s :o foll[$4 ,x 0 9 view ( ?is t]ror1 & because 9 poetry an analog\s aim _h at ! same "t f\nd favor1 t ,goe! wrote 8 p>able ,pfaff5spiel4 ,?is s*ool1 too1 got ! reputation ( be+ :imsical1 became bankrupt1 & 0 foll[$ by a return to nature1 :i* proclaim$ itself 9 g5re pictures & sc5es ( life ( e k9d1 ev5 ?\gh x n[ & !n /ray$ into :at 0 vulg>4 ,! progress ( ! human m9d 9 lit]ature is simil>4 ,! hi/ory ( lit]ature is = ! mo/ "p l ! catalogue ( a museum ( de=mities2 ! _s 9 :i* !y keep be/ is pigsk94 ,! few creatures t h be5 born 9 goodly %ape ne$ n be look$ = !re4 ,!y are /ill alive1 & are ev]y:]e to be met ) 9 ! _w1 immortal1 & ) _! ye>s ev] gre54 ,!y alone =m :at ,i h call$ real lit]ature2 ! hi/ory ( :i*1 poor z x is 9 p]sons1 we le>n f our y\? up out ( ! m\?s ( all educat$ p1 be=e compilations rec\nt x = u4 ,z an antidote to ! prevail+ monomania = read+ lit]>y hi/ories1 9 ord] to be able to *att] ab\t ev]y?+1 )\t hav+ any real k at all1 let me ref] to a passage 9 ,li*t5b]g's works 7vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #cjb71 :i* is well wor? p]usal4 ,i believe t ! ov]-m9ute acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory ( sci5ce & le>n+1 :i* is su* a preval5t feature ( our day1 is v prejudicial to ! advance ( k itself4 ,!re is pleasure 9 foll[+ up ?is hi/ory2 b z a matt] ( fact1 x leaves ! m9d1 n empty inde$1 b )\t any p[] ( its own1 j because x makes x s full4 ,:oev] has felt ! desire1 n to fill up 8 m9d1 b to /r5g!n x1 to develop 8 faculties & aptitudes1 & g5]ally1 to enl>ge 8 p[]s1 w h f\nd t !re is no?+ s weak5+ z int]c\rse ) a s-call$ littrateur1 on a matt] ( k on :i* he has n ?\ght at all1 ?\gh he kn[s a ?\s& little facts app]ta9+ to its hi/ory & lit]ature4 ,x is l read+ a cook]y-book :5 y are hungry4 ,i believe t s-call$ lit]>y hi/ory w nev] ?rive among/ ?\ghtful p1 :o are consci\s ( _! own wor? & ! wor? ( real k4 ,^! p are m giv5 to employ+ _! own reason ?an to tr\bl+ !mselves to "k h[ o!rs h employ$ !irs4 ,! wor/ ( x is t1 z y w f9d1 ! m k takes ! direction ( lit]>y rese>*1 ! less ! p[] ( promot+ k becomes2 ! only ?+ t increases is pride 9 ! possession ( x4 ,su* p]sons believe t !y possess k 9 a great] degree ?an ^? :o really possess x4 ,x is surely a well-f\nd$ rem>k1 t k nev] makes its possessor pr\d4 ,^? alone let !mselves be bl[n out ) pride1 :o incapable ( ext5d+ k 9 _! own p]sons1 occupy !mselves ) cle>+ up d>k po9ts 9 its hi/ory1 or are able to rec\nt :at o!rs h done4 ,!y are pr\d1 because !y consid] ?is occupation1 :i* is mo/ly ( a me*anical nature1 ! practice ( k4 ,i c\ld illu/rate :at ,i mean by examples1 b x w\ld be an odi\s task4 ,/ill1 ,i wi% "s "o w\ld attempt a tragical hi/ory ( lit]ature1 giv+ ! way 9 :i* ! writ]s & arti/s1 :o =m ! pr\de/ possession ( ! v>i\s nations :i* h giv5 !m bir?1 h be5 treat$ by !m dur+ _! lives4 ,su* a hi/ory w\ld exhibit ! ceaseless w>f>e1 :i* :at 0 good & g5u9e 9 all times & c\ntries has _h to wage ) :at 0 bad & p]v]se4 ,x w\ld tell ( ! m>tyrdom ( almo/ all ^? :o truly enlight5$ humanity1 ( almo/ all ! great ma/]s ( e k9d ( art3 x w\ld %[ u h[1 ) few exceptions1 !y 7 torm5t$ to dea?1 )\t recognition1 )\t sympa?y1 )\t foll[]s2 h[ !y liv$ 9 pov]ty & mis]y1 :il/ fame1 honor1 & ri*es1 7 ! lot ( ! unwor?y2 h[ _! fate 0 t ( ,esau1 :o :ile he 0 hunt+ & gett+ v5ison = 8 fa!r1 0 robb$ ( ! bless+ by ,jacob1 disguis$ 9 8 bro!r's clo!s1 h[1 9 spite ( all1 !y 7 kept up by ! love ( _! "w1 until at la/ ! bitt] fight ( ! tea*] ( humanity is ov]1 until ! immortal laurel is held out to him1 & ! h\r /rikes :5 x c be said3 ,d] sehw]e ,panz] wird zum ,flgelkleide ,kurz i/ d] ,s*m]z1 un5dli* i/ die ,freude4 ,,physiognomy4 ,t ! out] man is a picture ( ! inn]1 & ! face an expression & revelation ( ! :ole "*1 is a presumption likely en\gh 9 itself1 & !re=e a safe "o to g by2 evid5c$ z x is by ! fact t p are always anxi\s to see anyone :o has made himself fam\s by good or evil1 or z ! au?or ( "s extraord9>y "w2 or if !y _c get a sight ( him1 to he> at any rate f o!rs :at he looks l4 ,s p g to places :]e !y may expect to see ! p]son :o int]e/s !m2 ! press1 especially 9 ,engl&1 endeavors to give a m9ute & /rik+ description ( 8 appe>ance2 pa9t]s & engrav]s lose no "t 9 putt+ him visibly be=e u2 & f9ally photography1 on t v acc\nt ( su* high value1 af=ds ! mo/ complete satisfaction ( our curiosity4 ,x is also a fact t 9 private life ev]yone criticises ! physiognomy ( ^? he comes across1 fir/ ( all secretly try+ to disc]n _! intellectual & moral "* f _! features4 ,?is w\ld be a useless proce$+ if1 z "s fooli% p fancy1 ! ext]ior ( a man is a matt] ( no acc\nt2 if1 z !y ?9k1 ! s\l is "o ?+ & ! body ano!r1 & ! body relat$ to ! s\l m]ely z ! coat to ! man himself4 ,on ! contr>y1 e human face is a hi]oglyphic1 & a hi]oglyphic1 too1 :i* admits ( be+ deciph]$1 ! alphabet ( :i* we c>ry ab\t ) u already p]fect$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! face ( a man gives u a full] & m int]e/+ in=mation ?an 8 tongue2 = 8 face is ! comp5dium ( all he w ev] say1 z x is ! "o record ( all 8 ?\ghts & endeavors4 ,&1 moreov]1 ! tongue tells ! ?\ght ( "o man only1 :]eas ! face expresses a ?\ght ( nature itself3 s t ev]yone is wor? att5tive obs]vation1 ev5 ?\gh ev]yone may n be wor? talk+ to4 ,& if e individual is wor? obs]vation z a s+le ?\ght ( nature1 h[ mu* m s is beauty1 s9ce x is a high] & m g5]al conception ( nature1 is1 9 fact1 h] ?\ght ( a species4 ,?is is :y beauty is s captivat+3 x is a fundam5tal ?\ght ( nature3 :]eas ! individual is only a by-?\ght1 a coroll>y4 ,9 private1 p always proce$ ^u ! pr9ciple t a man is :at he looks2 & ! pr9ciple is a "r "o1 only ! difficulty lies 9 its application4 ,= ?\gh ! art ( apply+ ! pr9ciple is p>tly innate & may be p>tly ga9$ by exp]i5ce1 no "o is a ma/] ( x1 & ev5 ! mo/ exp]i5c$ is n infallible4 ,b = all t1 :atev] ,fig>o may say1 x is n ! face :i* deceives2 x is we :o deceive ourselves 9 read+ 9 x :at is n !re4 ,! deciph]+ ( a face is c]ta9ly a great & difficult art1 & ! pr9ciples ( x c nev] be le>nt 9 ! ab/ract4 ,! fir/ condition ( success is to ma9ta9 a purely objective po9t ( view1 :i* is no easy matt]4 ,=1 z soon z ! fa9te/ trace ( any?+ subjective is pres5t1 :e!r dislike or favor1 or fe> or hope1 or ev5 ! ?\ght ( ! impression we ourselves are mak+ ^u ! object ( our att5tion ! *>act]s we are try+ to deciph] become confus$ & corrupt4 ,! s\nd ( a language is really appreciat$ only by "o :o does n und]/& x1 & t because1 9 ?9k+ ( ! signification ( a ^w1 we pay no reg>d to ! sign itself4 ,s1 9 ! same way1 a physiognomy is correctly gaug$ only by "o to :om x is /ill /range1 :o has n gr[n accu/om$ to ! face by con/antly meet+ & conv]s+ ) ! man himself4 ,x is1 !re=e1 /rictly speak+1 only ! fir/ sight ( a man :i* af=ds t purely objective view :i* is necess>y = deciph]+ 8 features4 ,an odor affects u only :5 we fir/ come 9 contact ) x1 & ! fir/ glass ( w9e is ! "o :i* gives u its true ta/e3 9 ! same way1 x is only at ! fir/ enc\nt] t a face makes its full impression ^u u4 ,consequ5tly ! fir/ impression %\ld be c>efully att5d$ to & not$1 ev5 writt5 d[n if ! subject ( x is ( p]sonal importance1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t "o c tru/ "o's own s5se ( physiognomy4 ,subsequ5t acqua9tance & int]c\rse w oblit]ate ! impression1 b "t w "o day prove :e!r x is true4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 n conceal f ourselves ! fact t ?is fir/ impression is = ! mo/ "p extremely un$ify+4 ,h[ poor mo/ faces are6 ,) ! exception ( ^? t are beautiful1 good-natur$1 or intellectual1 t is to say1 ! v few & f> betwe51 ,i believe a p]son ( any f9e feel+ sc>cely ev] sees a new face )\t a s5sation ak9 to a %ock1 = ! reason t x pres5ts a new & surpris+ comb9ation ( un$ify+ elem5ts4 ,to tell ! tru?1 x is1 z a rule1 a sorry sight4 ,!re are "s p ^: faces be> ! /amp ( su* artless vulg>ity & bas5ess ( "*1 su* an animal limitation ( intellig5ce1 t "o wond]s h[ !y c appe> 9 public ) su* a c\nt5ance1 in/ead ( we>+ a mask4 ,!re are faces1 inde$1 ! v sight ( :i* produces a feel+ ( pollution4 ,"o _c1 !re=e1 take x amiss ( p1 ^: privileg$ position admits ( x1 if !y manage to live 9 retirem5t & completely free f ! pa9ful s5sation ( see+ new faces4 ,! metaphysical explanation ( ?is circum/ance re/s ^u ! consid]ation t ! individuality ( a man is precisely t by ! v exi/5ce ( :i* he %\ld be reclaim$ & correct$4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 a psy*ological explanation is satisfactory1 let any "o ask himself :at k9d ( physiognomy he may expect 9 ^? :o h all _! life long1 except on ! r>e/ occasions1 h>bor$ no?+ b petty1 base & mis]able ?\ghts1 & vulg>1 selfi%1 envi\s1 wick$ & malici\s desires4 ,e "o ( ^! ?\ghts & desires has set its m>k ^u ! face dur+ ! "t x la/$1 & by con/ant repetition1 all ^! m>ks h 9 c\rse ( "t become furr[s & blot*es1 s to speak4 ,consequ5tly1 mo/ p's appe>ance is su* z to produce a %ock at fir/ sight2 & x is only gradually t "o gets accu/om$ to x1 t is to say1 becomes s dead5$ to ! impression t x has no m effect on "o4 ,& t ! prevail+ facial expression is ! result ( a long process ( innum]able1 fleet+ & *>act]i/ic contractions ( ! features is j ! reason :y intellectual c\nt5ances are ( gradual =mation4 ,x is1 inde$1 only 9 old age t intellectual m5 atta9 _! sublime expression1 :il/ portraits ( !m 9 _! y\? %[ only ! fir/ traces ( x4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 :at ,i h j said ab\t ! %ock :i* ! fir/ sight ( a face g5]ally produces1 is 9 keep+ ) ! rem>k t x is only at t fir/ sight t x makes its true & full impression4 ,= to get a purely objective & uncorrupt$ impression ( x1 we mu/ /& 9 no k9d ( relation to ! p]son2 if possible1 we mu/ n yet h spok5 ) him4 ,= e conv]sation places u to "s ext5t ^u a fri5dly foot+1 e/abli%es a c]ta9 rapport1 a mutual subjective relation1 :i* is at once unfavorable to an objective po9t ( view4 ,& z ev]yone's endeavor is to w9 e/eem or fri5d%ip = himself1 ! man :o is "u obs]vation w at once employ all ^? arts ( dissimulation 9 :i* he is already v]s$1 & corrupt u ) 8 airs1 hypocrisies & flatt]ies2 s t :at ! fir/ look cle>ly %[$ w soon be se5 by u no m4 ,?is fact is at ! bottom ( ! say+ t mo/ p ga9 by fur!r acqua9tance2 x ought1 h[ev]1 to run1 delude u by x4 ,x is only :51 lat] on1 ! bad qualities manife/ !mselves1 t our fir/ judgm5t z a rule receives its ju/ification & makes good its scornful v]dict4 ,x may be t a fur!r acqua9tance is an unfri5dly "o1 & if t is s1 we d n f9d 9 ?is case ei!r t p ga9 by x4 ,ano!r reason :y p app>5tly ga9 on a ne>] acqua9tance is t ! man ^: fir/ aspect w>ns u f him1 z soon z we conv]se ) him1 no long] %[s 8 own be+ & "*1 b also 8 education2 t is1 n only :at he really is by nature1 b also :at he has appropriat$ to himself out ( ! common weal? ( mank9d4 ,?ree-f\r?s ( :at he says belongs n to him1 b to ! s\rces f :i* he obta9$ x2 s t we are (t5 surpris$ to he> a m9otaur speak s humanly4 ,if we make a /ill clos] acqua9tance1 ! animal nature1 ( :i* 8 face gave promise1 w manife/ itself 9 all its spl5dor4 ,if "o is gift$ ) an acute s5se = physiognomy1 "o %\ld take special note ( ^? v]dicts :i* prec$$ a clos] acqua9tance & 7 !re=e g5u9e4 ,= ! face ( a man is ! exact impression ( :at he is2 & if he deceives u1 t is our fault1 n 84 ,:at a man says1 on ! o!r h&1 is :at he ?9ks1 m (t5 :at he has le>n$1 or x may be ev51 :at he pret5ds to ?9k4 ,& besides ?is1 :5 we talk to him1 or ev5 he> him talk+ to o!rs1 we pay no att5tion to 8 physiognomy prop]4 ,x is ! und]ly+ sub/ance1 ! fundam5tal datum1 & we disreg>d x2 :at int]e/s u is its pa?ognomy1 its play ( feature dur+ conv]sation4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is s arrang$ z to turn ! good side upw>ds4 ,:5 ,socrates said to a "y man :o 0 introduc$ to him to h 8 capabilities te/$1 ,talk 9 ord] t ,i may see y1 if inde$ by see+ he did n simply mean he>+1 he 0 "r1 s f> z x is only 9 conv]sation t ! features & especially ! eyes become animat$1 & ! intellectual res\rces & capacities set _! m>k ^u ! c\nt5ance4 ,?is puts u 9 a position to =m a provisional notion ( ! degree & capacity ( intellig5ce2 :i* 0 9 t case ,socrates' aim4 ,b 9 ?is connection x is to be obs]v$1 fir/ly1 t ! rule does n apply to moral qualities1 :i* lie deep]1 & 9 ! second place1 t :at f an objective po9t ( view we ga9 by ! cle>] developm5t ( ! c\nt5ance 9 conv]sation1 we lose f a subjective /&po9t on acc\nt ( ! p]sonal relation into :i* ! speak] at once ent]s 9 reg>d to u1 & :i* produces a slight fasc9ation1 s t1 z expla9$ above1 we are n left imp>tial obs]v]s4 ,consequ5tly f ! la/ po9t ( view we might say ) great] accuracy1 ,d n speak 9 ord] t ,i may see y4 ,= to get a pure & fundam5tal conception ( a man's physiognomy1 we mu/ obs]ve him :5 he is alone & left to himself4 ,society ( any k9d & conv]sation ?r[ a reflection ^u him :i* is n 8 own1 g5]ally to 8 advantage2 z he is !reby plac$ 9 a /ate ( action & reaction :i* sets him (f4 ,b alone & left to himself1 plung$ 9 ! dep?s ( 8 own ?\ghts & s5sations1 he is :olly himself1 & a p5etrat+ eye = physiognomy c at "o glance take a g5]al view ( 8 entire "*4 ,= 8 face1 look$ at by & 9 itself1 expresses ! keynote ( all 8 ?\ghts & endeavors1 ! arrt irrevocable1 ! irrevocable decree ( 8 de/9y1 ! consci\sness ( :i* only comes to him :5 he is alone4 ,! /udy ( physiognomy is "o ( ! *ief means ( a k ( mank9d1 because ! ca/ ( a man's face is ! only sph]e 9 :i* 8 arts ( dissimulation are ( no avail1 s9ce ^! arts ext5d$ only to t play ( feature :i* is ak9 to mimicry4 ,& t is :y ,i recomm5d su* a /udy to be und]tak5 :5 ! subject ( x is alone & giv5 up to 8 own ?\ghts1 & be=e he is spok5 to3 & ?is p>tly = ! reason t x is only 9 su* a condition t inspection ( ! physiognomy pure & simple is possible1 because conv]sation at once lets 9 a pa?ognomical elem5t1 9 :i* a man c apply ! arts ( dissimulation :i* he has le>n$3 p>tly aga9 because p]sonal contact1 ev5 ( ! v slighte/ k9d1 gives a c]ta9 bias & s corrupts ! judgm5t ( ! obs]v]4 ,& 9 reg>d to ! /udy ( physiognomy 9 g5]al1 x is fur!r to be obs]v$ t intellectual capacity is mu* easi] ( disc]nm5t ?an moral "*4 ,! =m] naturally takes a mu* m outw>d direction1 & expresses itself n only 9 ! face & ! play ( feature1 b also 9 ! gait1 d[n ev5 to ! v slighte/ movem5t4 ,"o c\ld p]haps discrim9ate f beh9d betwe5 a blockhead1 a fool & a man ( g5ius4 ,! blockhead w\ld be disc]n$ by ! torpidity & sluggi%ness ( all 8 movem5ts3 folly sets its m>k ^u e ge/ure1 & s does intellect & a /udi\s nature4 ,h5ce t rem>k ( ,la ,bruyre t !re is no?+ s slight1 s simple or imp]ceptible b t our way ( do+ x ent]s 9 & betrays u3 a fool nei!r comes nor goes1 nor sits d[n1 nor gets up1 nor holds 8 tongue1 nor moves ab\t 9 ! same way z an intellig5t man4 7,& ?is is1 be x obs]v$ by way ( p>5!sis1 ! explanation ( t sure & c]ta9 in/9ct :i*1 accord+ to ,helvetius1 ord9>y folk possess ( disc]n+ p ( g5ius1 & ( gett+ out ( _! way47 ,! *ief reason = ?is is t1 ! l>g] & m develop$ ! bra91 & ! ?9n]1 9 relation to x1 ! sp9e & n]ves1 ! great] is ! intellect2 & n ! intellect alone1 b at ! same "t ! mobility & pliancy ( all ! limbs2 because ! bra9 controls !m m imm$iately & resolutely2 s t ev]y?+ hangs m ^u a s+le ?read1 e movem5t ( :i* gives a precise expression to its purpose4 ,?is is analog\s to1 nay1 is imm$iately connect$ ) ! fact t ! high] an animal /&s 9 ! scale ( developm5t1 ! easi] x becomes to kill x by w\nd+ a s+le spot4 ,take1 = example1 batra*ia3 !y are sl[1 cumbr\s & sluggi% 9 _! movem5ts2 !y are un9tellig5t1 &1 at ! same "t1 extremely t5aci\s ( life2 ! reason ( :i* is t1 ) a v small bra91 _! sp9e & n]ves are v ?ick4 ,n[ gait & movem5t ( ! arms are ma9ly functions ( ! bra92 our limbs receive _! motion & e little modification ( x f ! bra9 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! sp9e4 ,?is is :y consci\s movem5ts fatigue u3 ! s5sation ( fatigue1 l t ( pa91 has its seat 9 ! bra91 n1 z p commonly suppose1 9 ! limbs !mselves2 h5ce motion induces sleep4 ,on ! o!r h& ^? motions :i* are n excit$ by ! bra91 t is1 ! unconsci\s movem5ts ( organic life1 ( ! he>t1 ( ! lungs1 etc41 g on 9 _! c\rse )\t produc+ fatigue4 ,& z ?\ght1 equally ) motion1 is a function ( ! bra91 ! "* ( ! bra9's activity is express$ equally 9 bo?1 accord+ to ! con/itution ( ! individual2 /upid p move l lay-figures1 :ile e jo9t ( an intellig5t man is eloqu5t4 ,b ge/ure & movem5t are n ne>ly s good an index ( intellectual qualities z ! face1 ! %ape & size ( ! bra91 ! contraction & movem5t ( ! features1 & above all ! eye1--f ! small1 dull1 dead-look+ eye ( a pig up ?r\gh all gradations to ! irradiat+1 fla%+ eyes ( a g5ius4 ,! look ( good s5se & prud5ce1 ev5 ( ! be/ k9d1 diff]s f t ( g5ius1 9 t ! =m] be>s ! /amp ( subjection to ! w1 :ile ! latt] is free f x4 ,& !re=e "o c well believe ! anecdote told by ,squ>zafi*i 9 8 life ( ,petr>*1 & tak5 f ,joseph ,brivius1 a contempor>y ( ! poet1 h[ once at ! c\rt ( ! ,visconti1 :5 ,petr>* & o!r noblem5 & g5tlem5 7 pres5t1 ,galeazzo ,visconti told 8 son1 :o 0 !n a m]e boy 7he 0 aft]w>ds fir/ ,duke ( ,milan71 to pick out ! wise/ ( ! company2 h[ ! boy look$ at !m all = a little1 & !n took ,petr>* by ! h& & l$ him up to 8 fa!r1 to ! great admiration ( all pres5t4 ,= s cle>ly does nature set ! m>k ( h] dignity on ! privileg$ among mank9d t ev5 a *ild c disc]n x4 ,!re=e1 ,i %\ld advise my sagaci\s c\ntrym51 if ev] aga9 !y wi% to trumpet ab\t = ?irty ye>s a v commonplace p]son z a great g5ius1 n to *oose = ! purpose su* a be]h\se-keep] physiognomy z 0 possess$ by t philosoph]1 ^u ^: face nature _h writt51 9 h] cle>e/ *>act]s1 ! famili> inscription1 commonplace p]son4 ,b :at applies to intellectual capacity w n apply to moral qualities1 to "*4 ,x is m difficult to disc]n its physiognomy1 because1 be+ ( a metaphysical nature1 x lies incomp>ably deep]4 ,x is true t moral "* is also connect$ ) ! con/itution1 ) ! organism1 b n s imm$iately or 9 su* direct connection ) def9ite p>ts ( its sy/em z is intellectual capacity4 ,h5ce :ile ev]yone makes a %[ ( 8 intellig5ce & endeavors to exhibit x at e opportunity1 z some?+ ) :i* he is 9 g5]al q cont5t$1 few expose _! moral qualities freely1 & mo/ p int5tionally cov] !m up2 & long practice makes ! concealm5t p]fect4 ,9 ! meantime1 z ,i expla9$ above1 wick$ ?\ghts & wor?less ef=ts gradually set _! mask ^u ! face1 especially ! eyes4 ,s t1 judg+ by physiognomy1 x is easy to w>rant t a giv5 man w nev] produce an immortal "w2 b n t he w nev] commit a great crime4 ,,psy*ological ,,obs]vations4 ,= e animal1 & m especially = man1 a c]ta9 con=mity & proportion betwe5 ! w & ! intellect is necess>y = exi/+ or mak+ any progress 9 ! _w4 ,! m precise & correct ! proportion :i* nature e/abli%es1 ! m easy1 safe & agreeable w be ! passage ?r\gh ! _w4 ,/ill1 if ! "r po9t is only approximately rea*$1 x w be en\gh to w>d (f de/ruction4 ,!re are1 !n1 c]ta9 limits )9 :i* ! said proportion may v>y1 & yet pres]ve a correct /&>d ( con=mity4 ,! normal /&>d is z foll[s4 ,! object ( ! intellect is to light & lead ! w on its pa?1 & !re=e1 ! great] ! =ce1 impetus & passion1 :i* spurs on ! w f )91 ! m complete & lum9\s mu/ be ! intellect :i* is atta*$ to x1 t ! vehem5t /rife ( ! w1 ! gl[ ( passion1 & ! int5sity ( ! emotions1 may n lead man a/ray1 or urge him on to ill consid]$1 false or ru9\s action2 ?is w1 inevitably1 be ! result1 if ! w is v viol5t & ! intellect v weak4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a phlegmatic "*1 a weak & languid w1 c get on & hold its own ) a small am\nt ( intellect2 :at is naturally mod]ate ne$s only mod]ate support4 ,! g5]al t5d5cy ( a want ( proportion betwe5 ! w & ! intellect1 9 o!r words1 ( any v>iation f ! normal proportion ,i h m5tion$1 is to produce unhapp9ess1 :e!r x be t ! w is great] ?an ! intellect1 or ! intellect great] ?an ! w4 ,especially is ?is ! case :5 ! intellect is develop$ to an abnormal degree ( /r5g? & sup]iority1 s z to be out ( all proportion to ! w1 a condition :i* is ! ess5ce ( real g5ius2 ! intellect is !n n only m ?an en\gh = ! ne$s & aims ( life1 x is absolutely prejudicial to !m4 ,! result is t1 9 y\?1 excessive en]gy 9 grasp+ ! objective _w1 accompani$ by a vivid imag9ation & a total lack ( exp]i5ce1 makes ! m9d susceptible1 & an easy prey to extravagant ideas1 nay1 ev5 to *im]as2 & ! result is an ecc5tric & phanta/ic "*4 ,& :51 9 lat] ye>s1 ?is /ate ( m9d yields & passes away "u ! tea*+ ( exp]i5ce1 /ill ! g5ius nev] feels himself at home 9 ! common _w ( e day & ! ord9>y bus9ess ( life2 he w nev] take 8 place 9 x1 & accommodate himself to x z accurately z ! p]son ( moral intellect2 he w be mu* m likely to make curi\s mi/akes4 ,= ! ord9>y m9d feels itself s completely at home 9 ! n>r[ circle ( its ideas & views ( ! _w t no "o c get ! bett] ( x 9 t sph]e2 its faculties rema9 true to _! orig9al purpose1 viz41 to promote ! s]vice ( ! w2 x devotes itself /eadfa/ly to ?is end1 & abjures extravagant aims4 ,! g5ius1 on ! o!r h&1 is at bottom a mon/rum p] excessum2 j z1 conv]sely1 ! passionate1 viol5t & un9tellig5t man1 ! bra9less b>b>ian1 is a mon/rum p] defectum4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! w to live1 :i* =ms ! inmo/ core ( e liv+ be+1 exhibits itself mo/ conspicu\sly 9 ! high] ord] ( animals1 t is1 ! clev]] ones2 & s 9 !m ! nature ( ! w may be se5 & exam9$ mo/ cle>ly4 ,= 9 ! l[] ord]s its activity is n s evid5t2 x has a l[] degree ( objectivation2 :]eas1 9 ! class :i* /&s above ! high] ord] ( animals1 t is1 9 m51 reason ent]s 92 & ) reason comes discretion1 & ) discretion1 ! capacity ( dissimulation1 :i* ?r[s a veil ov] ! op]ations ( ! w4 ,& 9 mank9d1 consequ5tly1 ! w appe>s )\t its mask only 9 ! affections & ! passions4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y passion1 :5 x speaks1 always w9s cr$5ce1 no matt] :at ! passion may be2 & rightly s4 ,= ! same reason ! passions are ! ma9 !me ( poets & ! /alk+ horse ( actors4 ,! conspicu\sness ( ! w 9 ! l[] ord] ( animals expla9s ! delight we take 9 dogs1 apes1 cats1 etc42 x is ! entirely naive way 9 :i* !y express !mselves t gives u s mu* pleasure4 ,! sight ( any free animal go+ ab\t its bus9ess undi/urb$1 seek+ its food1 or look+ aft] its "y1 or mix+ 9 ! company ( its k9d1 all ! "t be+ exactly :at x ought to be & c be1--:at a /range pleasure x gives u6 ,ev5 if x is only a bird1 ,i c wat* x = a long "t ) delight2 or a wat] rat or a h$gehog2 or bett] /ill1 a weasel1 a de]1 or a /ag4 ,! ma9 reason :y we take s mu* pleasure 9 look+ at animals is t we l to see our own nature 9 su* a simplifi$ =m4 ,!re is only "o m5daci\s be+ 9 ! _w1 & t is man4 ,e o!r is true & s9c]e1 & makes no attempt to conceal :at x is1 express+ its feel+s j z !y are4 99 99 99 99 99 ,_m ?+s are put d[n to ! =ce ( habit :i* are r to be attribut$ to ! con/ancy & immutability ( orig9al1 innate "*1 accord+ to :i* "u l circum/ances we always d ! same ?+3 :e!r x happ5s = ! fir/ or ! hundr$? "t1 x is 9 virtue ( ! same necessity4 ,real =ce ( habit1 z a matt] ( fact1 re/s ^u t indol5t1 passive disposition :i* seeks to relieve ! intellect & ! w ( a fre% *oice1 & s makes u d :at we did ye/]day & h done a hundr$ times be=e1 & ( :i* we "k t x w atta9 its object4 ,b ! tru? ( ! matt] lies deep]1 & a m precise explanation ( x c be giv5 ?an appe>s at fir/ sight4 ,bodies :i* may be mov$ by me*anical means only are subject to ! p[] ( in]tia2 & appli$ to bodies :i* may be act$ on by motives1 ?is p[] becomes ! =ce ( habit4 ,! actions :i* we p]=m by m]e habit come ab\t1 9 fact1 )\t any individual sep>ate motive br\ght into play = ! p>ticul> case3 h5ce1 9 p]=m+ !m1 we really d n ?9k ab\t !m4 ,a motive 0 pres5t only on ! fir/ few occasions on :i* ! action happ5$1 :i* has s9ce become a habit3 ! second>y aft]-effect ( ?is motive is ! pres5t habit1 & x is suffici5t to enable ! action to cont9ue3 j z :5 a body _h be5 set 9 motion by a pu%1 x requires no m pu%+ 9 ord] to cont9ue its motion2 x w g on to all et]nity1 if x meets ) no friction4 ,x is ! same 9 ! case ( animals3 tra9+ is a habit :i* is =c$ ^u !m4 ,! horse goes on draw+ 8 c>t q cont5t$ly1 )\t hav+ to be urg$ on3 ! motion is ! cont9u$ effect ( ^? /rokes ( ! :ip1 :i* urg$ him on at fir/3 by ! law ( in]tia !y h become p]petuat$ z habit4 ,all ?is is really m ?an a m]e p>able3 x is ! und]ly+ id5tity ( ! w at v diff]5t degrees ( its objectivation1 9 virtue ( :i* ! same law ( motion takes su* diff]5t =ms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,vive mu*os aos is ! ord9>y greet+ 9 ,spa91 & all ov] ! e>? x is q cu/om>y to wi% p a long life4 ,x is presumably n a k ( life :i* directs su* a wi%2 x is r k ( :at man is 9 8 inmo/ nature1 ! w to live4 ,! wi% :i* ev]yone has t he may be rememb]$ aft] 8 dea?1--a wi% :i* rises to ! long+ = po/hum\s glory 9 ! case ( ^? ^: aims are high1--seems to me to spr+ f ?is cl++ to life4 ,:5 ! "t comes :i* cuts a man (f f e possibility ( real exi/5ce1 he /rives aft] a life :i* is /ill atta9able1 ev5 ?\gh x be a %ad[y & ideal "o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! deep grief we feel at ! loss ( a fri5d arises f ! feel+ t 9 e individual !re is some?+ :i* no words c express1 some?+ :i* is peculi>ly 8 own & !re=e irrep>able4 ,omne individuum ineffabile4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we may come to look ^u ! dea? ( our enemies & adv]s>ies1 ev5 long aft] x has occurr$1 ) j z mu* regret z we feel = t ( our fri5ds1 viz41 :5 we miss !m z witnesses ( our brilliant success4 99 99 99 99 99 ,t ! sudd5 ann\ncem5t ( a v happy ev5t may easily prove fatal re/s ^u ! fact t happ9ess & mis]y dep5d m]ely on ! proportion :i* our claims be> to :at we get4 ,accord+ly1 ! good ?+s we possess1 or are c]ta9 ( gett+1 are n felt to be su*2 because all pleasure is 9 fact ( a negative nature & effects ! relief ( pa91 :ile pa9 or evil is :at is really positive2 x is ! object ( imm$iate s5sation4 ,) ! possession or c]ta9 expectation ( good ?+s our dem&s rises1 & increases our capacity = fur!r possession & l>g] expectations4 ,b if we are depress$ by cont9ual mis=tune1 & our claims r$uc$ to a m9imum1 ! sudd5 adv5t ( happ9ess f9ds no capacity = enjoy+ x4 ,neutraliz$ by an abs5ce ( pre-exi/+ claims1 its effects are app>5tly positive1 & s its :ole =ce is br\ght into play2 h5ce x may possibly break our feel+s1 i4e41 be fatal to !m4 ,& s1 z is well kn[n1 "o mu/ be c>eful 9 ann\nc+ great happ9ess4 ,fir/1 "o mu/ get ! p]son to hope = x1 !n op5 up ! prospect ( x1 !n communicate "p ( x1 & at la/ make x fully kn[n4 ,e portion ( ! good news loses its efficacy1 because x is anticipat$ by a dem&1 & room is left = an increase 9 x4 ,9 view ( all ?is1 x may be said t our /oma* = good =tune is bottomless1 b ! entrance to x is n>r[4 ,^! rem>ks are n applicable to great mis=tunes 9 ! same way4 ,!y are m seldom fatal1 because hope always sets itself aga9/ !m4 ,t an analog\s "p is n play$ by fe> 9 ! case ( happ9ess results f ! fact t we are in/9ctively m incl9$ to hope ?an to fe>2 j z our eyes turn ( !mselves t[>ds light r ?an d>kness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hope is ! result ( confus+ ! desire t some?+ %\ld take place ) ! probability t x w4 ,p]haps no man is free f ?is folly ( ! he>t1 :i* d]anges ! intellect's correct appreciation ( probability to su* an ext5t t1 if ! *ances are a ?\s& to "o aga9/ x1 yet ! ev5t is ?\ght a likely "o4 ,/ill 9 spite ( ?is1 a sudd5 mis=tune is l a dea? /roke1 :il/ a hope t is always disappo9t$ & /ill nev] dies1 is l dea? by prolong$ torture4 ,he :o has lo/ all hope has also lo/ all fe>2 ?is is ! mean+ ( ! expression desp]ate4 ,x is natural to a man to believe :at he wi%es to be true1 & to believe x because he wi%es x1 ,if ?is *>act]i/ic ( our nature1 at once b5eficial & assuag+1 is root$ out by _m h>d bl[s ( fate1 & a man comes1 conv]sely1 to a condition 9 :i* he believes a ?+ mu/ happ5 because he does n wi% x1 & :at he wi%es to happ5 c nev] be1 j because he wi%es x1 ?is is 9 reality ! /ate describ$ z desp]ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,t we are s (t5 deceiv$ 9 o!rs is n because our judgm5t is at fault1 b because 9 g5]al1 z ,bacon says1 intellectus lum9is sicci non e/1 s$ recipit infusionem a voluntate et affectibus3 t is to say1 trifles unconsci\sly bias u = or aga9/ a p]son f ! v beg9n+4 ,x may also be expla9$ by our n abid+ by ! qualities :i* we really discov]2 we g on to conclude ! pres5ce ( o!rs :i* we ?9k insep>able f !m1 or ! abs5ce ( ^? :i* we consid] incompatible4 ,= in/ance1 :5 we p]ceive g5]osity1 we inf] ju/ice2 f piety1 we inf] hone/y2 f ly+1 deception2 f deception1 /eal+1 etc42 a proc$ure :i* op5s ! door to _m false views1 p>tly because human nature is s /range1 p>tly because our /&po9t is s "o-sid$4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t "* always =ms a consi/5t & connect$ :ole2 b ! roots ( all its qualities lie too deep to all[ ( our conclud+ f p>ticul> data 9 a giv5 case :e!r c]ta9 qualities c or _c exi/ toge!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we (t5 happ5 to say ?+s t may 9 "s way or o!r be prejudicial to u2 b we keep sil5t ab\t ?+s t might make u look ridicul\s2 because 9 ?is case effect foll[s v quickly on cause4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! pa9 ( an unfulfill$ wi% is small 9 comp>ison ) t ( rep5tance2 = ! "o /&s 9 ! pres5ce ( ! va/ op5 future1 :il/ ! o!r has ! irrevocable pa/ clos$ beh9d x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,g$uld1 pati5tia1 pati5ce1 especially ! ,spani% sufrimi5to1 is /rongly connect$ ) ! notion ( suff]+4 ,x is !re=e a passive /ate1 j z ! opposite is an active /ate ( ! m9d1 ) :i*1 :5 great1 pati5ce is incompatible4 ,x is ! innate virtue ( a phlegmatic1 indol5t1 & spiritless p1 z also ( wom54 ,b t x is nev]!less s v useful & necess>y is a sign t ! _w is v badly con/itut$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,money is human happ9ess 9 ! ab/ract3 he1 !n1 :o is no long] capable ( enjoy+ human happ9ess 9 ! concrete1 devotes 8 he>t entirely to money4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ob/9acy is ! result ( ! w =c+ itself into ! place ( ! intellect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if y want to f9d out y\r real op9ion ( anyone1 obs]ve ! impression made ^u y by ! fir/ sight ( a lett] f him4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! c\rse ( our individual life & ! ev5ts 9 x1 z f> z _! true mean+ & connection is conc]n$1 may be comp>$ to a piece ( r\gh mosaic4 ,s long z y /& close 9 front ( x1 y _c get a "r view ( ! objects pres5t$1 nor p]ceive _! significance or beauty4 ,bo? come 9 sight only :5 y /& a little way (f4 ,& 9 ! same way y (t5 und]/& ! true connection ( important ev5ts 9 y\r life1 n :ile !y are go+ on1 nor soon aft] !y are pa/1 b only a consid]able "t aft]w>ds4 ,is ?is s1 because we require ! magnify+ effect ( imag9ation8 or because we c get a g5]al view only f a di/ance8 or because ! s*ool ( exp]i5ce makes our judgm5t ripe8 ,p]haps all ( ^! toge!r3 b x is c]ta9 t we (t5 view 9 ! "r light ! actions ( o!rs1 & occasionally ev5 our own1 only aft] ! lapse ( ye>s4 ,& z x is 9 "o's own life1 s x is 9 hi/ory4 ,happy circum/ances 9 life are l c]ta9 gr\ps ( trees4 ,se5 f a di/ance !y look v well3 b g up to !m & among/ !m1 & ! beauty vani%es2 y don't "k :]e x c be2 x is only trees y see4 ,& s x is t we (t5 envy ! lot ( o!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! doctor sees all ! weakness ( mank9d1 ! lawy] all ! wick$ness1 ! !ologian all ! /upidity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a p]son ( phlegmatic disposition :o is a blockhead1 w\ld1 ) a sangu9e nature1 be a fool4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[ & !n "o le>ns some?+1 b "o =gets ! :ole day long4 ,moreov] our memory is l a sieve1 ! holes ( :i* 9 "t get l>g] & l>g]3 ! old] we get1 ! quick] any?+ entru/$ to x slips f ! memory1 :]eas1 :at 0 fix$ fa/ 9 x 9 e>ly days is !re /ill4 ,! memory ( an old man gets cle>] & cle>]1 ! fur!r x goes back1 & less cle> ! ne>] x approa*es ! pres5t "t2 s t 8 memory1 l 8 eyes1 becomes %ort-sight$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! process ( le>n+ y may be appreh5sive ab\t bewild]+ & confus+ ! memory1 b n ab\t ov]load+ x1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! faculty = rememb]+ is n dim9i%$ 9 proportion to :at "o has le>nt1 j z little z ! numb] ( m\lds 9 :i* y ca/ s&1 less5s its capacity = be+ ca/ 9 new m\lds4 ,9 ?is s5se ! memory is bottomless4 ,& yet ! great] & m v>i\s any "o's k1 ! long] he takes to f9d out any?+ t may sudd5ly be ask$ him2 because he is l a %opkeep] :o has to get ! article want$ f a l>ge & multif>i\s /ore2 or1 m /rictly speak+1 because out ( _m possible tra9s ( ?\ght he has to recall exactly t "o :i*1 z a result ( previ\s tra9+1 leads to ! matt] 9 "q4 ,= ! memory is n a repository ( ?+s y wi% to pres]ve1 b a m]e dext]ity ( ! intellectual p[]s2 h5ce ! m9d always conta9s its sum ( k only pot5tially1 nev] actually4 ,x sometimes happ5s t my memory w n reproduce "s ^w 9 a =eign language1 or a "n1 or "s arti/ic expression1 al?\gh ,i "k x v well4 ,aft] ,i h bo!r$ myself 9 va9 ab\t x = a long] or a %ort] "t1 ,i give up ?9k+ ab\t x altoge!r4 ,an h\r or two aft]w>ds1 9 r>e cases ev5 lat] /ill1 sometimes only aft] f\r or five weeks1 ! ^w ,i 0 try+ to recall occurs to me :ile ,i am ?9k+ ( some?+ else1 z sudd5ly z if "s "o _h :isp]$ x to me4 ,aft] notic+ ?is ph5om5on ) wond] = v _m ye>s1 ,i h come to ?9k t ! probable explanation ( x is z foll[s4 ,aft] ! tr\blesome & unsuccessful se>*1 my w reta9s its crav+ to "k ! ^w1 & s sets a wat* = x 9 ! intellect4 ,lat] on1 9 ! c\rse & play ( ?\ght1 "s ^w by *ance occurs hav+ ! same initial lett]s or "s o!r resemblance to ! ^w :i* is s\ght2 !n ! s5t9el spr+s =w>d & supplies :at is want+ to make up ! ^w1 seizes x1 & sudd5ly br+s x up 9 triumph1 )\t my kn[+ :]e & h[ he got x2 s x seems z if "s "o _h :isp]$ x to me4 ,x is ! same process z t adopt$ by a tea*] t[>ds a *ild :o _c repeat a ^w2 ! tea*] j sugge/s ! fir/ lett] ( ! ^w1 or ev5 ! second too2 !n ! *ild rememb]s x4 ,9 default ( ?is process1 y c end by go+ me?odically ?r\gh all ! lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,9 ! ord9>y man1 inju/ice r\ses a passionate desire = v5geance2 & x has (t5 be5 said t v5geance is sweet4 ,h[ _m sacrifices h be5 made j to enjoy ! feel+ ( v5geance1 )\t any int5tion ( caus+ an am\nt ( injury equival5t to :at "o has suff]$4 ,! bitt] dea? ( ! c5taur ,nessus 0 sweet5$ by ! c]ta9ty t he _h us$ 8 la/ mom5ts to "w out an extremely clev] v5geance4 ,walt] ,scott expresses ! same human incl9ation 9 language z true z x is /rong3 ,v5geance is ! sweete/ morsel to ! m\? t ev] 0 cook$ 9 hell6 ,i %all n[ attempt a psy*ological explanation ( x4 ,suff]+ :i* falls to our lot 9 ! c\rse ( nature1 or by *ance1 or fate1 does n1 cet]is p>ibus1 seem s pa9ful z suff]+ :i* is inflict$ on u by ! arbitr>y w ( ano!r4 ,?is is because we look ^u nature & *ance z ! fundam5tal ma/]s ( ! _w2 we see t ! bl[ we receiv$ f !m might j z well h fall5 on ano!r4 ,9 ! case ( suff]+ :i* spr+s f ?is s\rce1 we bewail ! common lot ( humanity r ?an our own mis=tune4 ,b t x is ! arbitr>y w ( ano!r :i* inflicts ! suff]+1 is a peculi>ly bitt] addition to ! pa9 or injury x causes1 viz41 ! consci\sness t "s "o else is sup]ior to u1 :e!r by =ce or cunn+1 :ile we lie helpless4 ,if am5ds are possible1 am5ds heal ! injury2 b t bitt] addition1 & x 0 y :o did t to me1 :i* is (t5 m pa9ful ?an ! injury itself1 is only to be neutraliz$ by v5geance4 ,by inflict+ injury on ! "o :o has injur$ u1 :e!r we d x by =ce or cunn+1 is to %[ our sup]iority to him1 & to annul ! pro( ( 8 sup]iority to u4 ,t gives our he>ts ! satisfaction t[>ds :i* x ye>ns4 ,s :]e !re is a great deal ( pride & vanity1 !re also w !re be a great desire ( v5geance4 ,b z ! fulfillm5t ( e wi% br+s ) x m or less ( a s5se ( disappo9tm5t1 s x is ) v5geance4 ,! delight we hope to get f x is mo/ly embitt]$ by compassion4 ,v5geance tak5 w (t5 te> ! he>t & torm5t ! consci5ce3 ! motive to x is no long] active1 & :at rema9s is ! evid5ce ( our malice4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,sy/em4 ,:5 ! ,*ur* says t1 9 ! dogmas ( religion1 reason is totally incompet5t & bl9d1 & its use to be repreh5d$1 x is 9 reality atte/+ ! fact t ^! dogmas are allegorical 9 _! nature1 & are n to be judg$ by ! /&>d :i* reason1 tak+ all ?+s s5su proprio1 c alone apply4 ,n[ ! absurdities ( a dogma are j ! m>k & sign ( :at is allegorical & my?ical 9 x4 ,9 ! case "u consid]ation1 h[ev]1 ! absurdities spr+ f ! fact t two su* het]og5e\s doctr9es z ^? ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts _h to be comb9$4 ,! great allegory 0 ( gradual gr[?4 ,sugge/$ by ext]nal & adv5titi\s circum/ances1 x 0 develop$ by ! int]pretation put ^u !m1 an int]pretation 9 quiet t\* ) c]ta9 deep-ly+ tru?s only half realiz$4 ,! allegory 0 f9ally complet$ by ,augu/9e1 :o p5etrat$ deepe/ into its mean+1 & s 0 able to conceive x z a sy/ematic :ole & supply its defects4 ,h5ce ! ,augu/9ian doctr9e1 confirm$ by ,lu!r1 is ! complete =m ( ,*ri/ianity2 & ! ,prote/ants ( to-day1 :o take ,revelation s5su proprio & conf9e x to a s+le individual1 are 9 error 9 look+ ^u ! fir/ beg9n+s ( ,*ri/ianity z its mo/ p]fect expression4 ,b ! bad ?+ ab\t all religions is t1 in/ead ( be+ able to confess _! allegorical nature1 !y h to conceal x2 accord+ly1 !y p>ade _! doctr9e 9 all s]i\sness z true s5su proprio1 & z absurdities =m an ess5tial "p ( ^! doctr9es1 y h ! great mis*ief ( a cont9ual fraud4 ,&1 :at is worse1 ! day arrives :5 !y are no long] true s5su proprio1 & !n !re is an end ( !m2 s t1 9 t respect1 x w\ld be bett] to admit _! allegorical nature at once4 ,b ! difficulty is to tea* ! multitude t some?+ c be bo? true & untrue at ! same "t4 ,& z all religions are 9 a great] or less degree ( ?is nature1 we mu/ recognize ! fact t mank9d _c get on )\t a c]ta9 am\nt ( absurdity1 t absurdity is an elem5t 9 its exi/5ce1 & illusion indisp5sable2 z inde$ o!r aspects ( life te/ify4 ,i h said t ! comb9ation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ) ! ,new gives rise to absurdities4 ,among ! examples :i* illu/rate :at ,i mean1 ,i may cite ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,pr$e/9ation & ,grace1 z =mulat$ by ,augu/9e & adopt$ f him by ,lu!r2 accord+ to :i* "o man is end[$ ) grace & ano!r is n4 ,grace1 !n1 comes to be a privilege receiv$ at bir? & br\ght ready into ! _w2 a privilege1 too1 9 a matt] second to none 9 importance4 ,:at is obnoxi\s & absurd 9 ?is doctr9e may be trac$ to ! idea conta9$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 t man is ! creation ( an ext]nal w1 :i* call$ him into exi/5ce out ( no?+4 ,x is q true t g5u9e moral excell5ce is really innate2 b ! mean+ ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e is express$ 9 ano!r & m rational way by ! !ory ( metempsy*osis1 common to ,brahmans & ,buddhi/s4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 ! qualities :i* di/+ui% "o man f ano!r are receiv$ at bir?1 are br\ght1 t is to say1 f ano!r _w & a =m] life2 ^! qualities are n an ext]nal gift ( grace1 b are ! fruits ( ! acts committ$ 9 t o!r _w4 ,b ,augu/9e's dogma ( ,pr$e/9ation is connect$ ) ano!r dogma1 namely1 t ! mass ( humanity is corrupt & doom$ to et]nal damnation1 t v few w be f\nd righte\s & atta9 salvation1 & t only 9 consequ5ce ( ! gift ( grace1 & because !y are pr$e/9$ to be sav$2 :il/ ! rema9d] w be ov]:elm$ by ! p]dition !y h des]v$1 viz41 et]nal torm5t 9 hell4 ,tak5 9 its ord9>y mean+1 ! dogma is revolt+1 = x comes to ?is3 x condemns a man1 :o may be1 p]haps1 sc>cely tw5ty ye>s ( age1 to expiate 8 errors1 or ev5 8 unbelief1 9 ev]la/+ torm5t2 nay1 m1 x makes ?is almo/ univ]sal damnation ! natural effect ( orig9al s91 & !re=e ! necess>y consequ5ce ( ! ,fall4 ,?is is a result :i* mu/ h be5 =ese5 by him :o made mank9d1 & :o1 9 ! fir/ place1 made !m n bett] ?an !y are1 & secondly1 set a trap = !m into :i* he mu/ h kn[n !y w\ld fall2 = he made ! :ole _w1 & no?+ is hidd5 f him4 ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 !n1 ,god creat$ out ( no?+ a weak race prone to s91 9 ord] to give !m ov] to endless torm5t4 ,&1 z a la/ *>act]i/ic1 we are told t ?is ,god1 :o prescribes =be>ance & =giv5ess ( e fault1 ex]cises none himself1 b does ! exact opposite2 = a puni%m5t :i* comes at ! end ( all ?+s1 :5 ! _w is ov] & done )1 _c h = its object ei!r to improve or det]1 & is !re=e pure v5geance4 ,s t1 on ?is view1 ! :ole race is actually de/9$ to et]nal torture & damnation1 & creat$ expressly = ?is end1 ! only exception be+ ^? few p]sons :o are rescu$ by election ( grace1 f :at motive "o does n "k4 ,putt+ ^! aside1 x looks z if ! ,bless$ ,"l _h creat$ ! _w = ! b5efit ( ! devil6 x w\ld h be5 s mu* bett] n to h made x at all4 ,s mu*1 !n1 = a dogma tak5 s5su proprio4 ,b look at x s5su allegorico1 & ! :ole matt] becomes capable ( a satisfactory int]pretation4 ,:at is absurd & revolt+ 9 ?is dogma is1 9 ! ma91 z ,i said1 ! simple outcome ( ,jewi% !ism1 ) its creation out ( no?+1 & really fooli% & p>adoxical d5ial ( ! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis :i* is involv$ 9 t idea1 a doctr9e :i* is natural1 to a c]ta9 ext5t self-evid5t1 &1 ) ! exception ( ! ,jews1 accept$ by ne>ly ! :ole human race at all times4 ,to remove ! enorm\s evil aris+ f ,augu/9e's dogma1 & to modify its revolt+ nature1 ,pope ,gregory ,i41 9 ! six? c5tury1 v prud5tly matur$ ! doctr9e ( ,purgatory1 ! ess5ce ( :i* already exi/$ 9 ,orig5 7cf4 ,bayle's article on ,orig51 note ,b474 ,! doctr9e 0 regul>ly incorporat$ into ! fai? ( ! ,*ur*1 s t ! orig9al view 0 mu* modifi$1 & a c]ta9 sub/itute provid$ = ! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis2 = bo? ! "o & ! o!r admit a process ( purification4 ,to ! same end1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,re/oration ( all ?+s ,greek3 apokata/asis 0 e/abli%$1 accord+ to :i*1 9 ! la/ act ( ! ,human ,com$y1 ! s9n]s "o & all w be re9/at$ 9 integrum4 ,x is only ,prote/ants1 ) _! ob/9ate belief 9 ! ,bible1 :o _c be induc$ to give up et]nal puni%m5t 9 hell4 ,if "o 7 spiteful1 "o might say1 mu* good may x d !m1 b x is consol+ to ?9k t !y really d n believe ! doctr9e2 !y leave x alone1 ?9k+ 9 _! he>ts1 ,x c't be s bad z all t4 ,! rigid & sy/ematic "* ( 8 m9d l$ ,augu/9e1 9 8 au/]e dogmatism & 8 resolute def9ition ( doctr9es only j indicat$ 9 ! ,bible &1 z a matt] ( fact1 re/+ on v vague gr\nds1 to give h>d outl9es to ^! doctr9es & to put a h>% con/ruction on ,*ri/ianity3 ! result ( :i* is t 8 views (f5d u1 & j z 9 8 day ,pelagianism arose to combat !m1 s n[ 9 our day ,rationalism does ! same4 ,take1 = example1 ! case z he /ates x g5]ally 9 ! ,de ,civitate ,dei1 ,bk4 xii4 *4 #ba4 ,x comes to ?is3 ,god creates a be+ out ( no?+1 =bids him "s ?+s1 & enjo9s o!rs ^u him2 & because ^! comm&s are n obey$1 he tortures him to all et]nity ) e conceivable angui%2 & = ?is purpose1 b9ds s\l & body insep>ably toge!r1 s t1 in/ead1 ( ! torm5t de/roy+ ?is be+ by splitt+ him up into 8 elem5ts1 & s sett+ him free1 he may live to et]nal pa94 ,?is poor creature1 =m$ out ( no?+6 ,at lea/1 he has a claim on 8 orig9al no?+3 he %\ld be assur$1 z a matt] ( "r1 ( ?is la/ retreat1 :i*1 9 any case1 _c be a v evil "o3 x is :at he has inh]it$4 ,i1 at any rate1 _c help sympa?iz+ ) him4 ,if y add to ?is ,augu/9e's rema9+ doctr9es1 t all ?is does n dep5d on ! man's own s9s & omissions1 b 0 already pr$e/9$ to happ51 "o really is at a loss :at to ?9k4 ,our highly educat$ ,rationali/s say1 to be sure1 ,x's all false1 x's a m]e bugbe>2 we're 9 a /ate ( con/ant progress1 /ep by /ep rais+ ourselves to ev] great] p]fection4 ,ah6 :at a pity we didn't beg9 soon]2 we %\ld already h be5 !re4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian sy/em ! devil is a p]sonage ( ! greate/ importance4 ,god is describ$ z absolutely good1 wise & p[]ful2 & unless he 7 c\nt]balanc$ by ! devil1 x w\ld be impossible to see :]e ! innum]able & measureless evils1 :i* pr$om9ate 9 ! _w1 come f1 if !re 7 no devil to acc\nt = !m4 ,& s9ce ! ,rationali/s h done away ) ! devil1 ! damage inflict$ on ! o!r side has gone on gr[+1 & is becom+ m & m palpable2 z might h be5 =ese51 & 0 =ese51 by ! or?odox4 ,! fact is1 y _c take away "o pill> f a build+ )\t endang]+ ! re/ ( x4 ,& ?is confirms ! view1 :i* has be5 e/abli%$ on o!r gr\nds1 t ,jehovah is a trans=mation ( ,ormuzd1 & ,satan ( ! ,ahriman :o mu/ be tak5 9 connection ) him4 ,ormuzd himself is a trans=mation ( ,indra4 ,*ri/ianity has ?is peculi> disadvantage1 t1 unlike o!r religions1 x is n a pure sy/em ( doctr9e3 its *ief & ess5tial feature is t x is a hi/ory1 a s]ies ( ev5ts1 a collection ( facts1 a /atem5t ( ! actions & suff]+s ( individuals3 x is ?is hi/ory :i* con/itutes dogma1 & belief 9 x is salvation4 ,o!r religions1 ,buddhism1 = in/ance1 h1 x is true1 hi/orical app5dages1 ! life1 namely1 ( _! f\nd]s3 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n "p & p>cel ( ! dogma b is tak5 along ) x4 ,= example1 ! ,lalitavi/>a may be comp>$ ) ! ,gospel s f> z x conta9s ! life ( ,sakya-muni1 ! ,buddha ( ! pres5t p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory3 b ?is is some?+ :i* is q sep>ate & diff]5t f ! dogma1 f ! sy/em itself3 & = ?is reason2 ! lives ( =m] ,buddhas 7 q o!r1 & ^? ( ! future w be q o!r1 ?an ! life ( ! ,buddha ( to-day4 ,! dogma is by no means "o ) ! c>e] ( its f\nd]2 x does n re/ on individual p]sons or ev5ts2 x is some?+ univ]sal & equally valid at all times4 ,! ,lalitavi/>a is n1 !n1 a gospel 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se ( ! ^w2 x is n ! joyful message ( an act ( r$emption2 x is ! c>e] ( him :o has %[n h[ ea* "o may r$eem himself4 ,! hi/orical con/itution ( ,*ri/ianity makes ! ,*9ese laugh at mission>ies z /ory-tell]s4 ,i may m5tion "h ano!r fundam5tal error ( ,*ri/ianity1 an error :i* _c be expla9$ away1 & ! mis*iev\s consequ5ces ( :i* are obvi\s e day3 ,i mean ! unnatural di/9ction ,*ri/ianity makes betwe5 man & ! animal _w to :i* he really belongs4 ,x sets up man z all-important1 & looks ^u animals z m]ely ?+s4 ,brahmanism & ,buddhism1 on ! o!r h&1 true to ! facts1 recognize 9 a positive way t man is relat$ g5]ally to ! :ole ( nature1 & specially & pr9cipally to animal nature2 & 9 _! sy/ems man is always repres5t$ by ! !ory ( metempsy*osis & o!rwise1 z closely connect$ ) ! animal _w4 ,! important "p play$ by animals all ?r\gh ,buddhism & ,brahmanism1 comp>$ ) ! total disreg>d ( !m 9 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 puts an end to any "q z to :i* sy/em is ne>] p]fection1 h[ev] mu* we 9 ,europe may h become accu/om$ to ! absurdity ( ! claim4 ,*ri/ianity conta9s1 9 fact1 a great & ess5tial imp]fection 9 limit+ its precepts to man1 & 9 refus+ rights to ! entire animal _w4 ,z religion fails to protect animals aga9/ ! r\gh1 unfeel+ & (t5 m ?an be/ial multitude1 ! duty falls to ! police2 & z ! police are unequal to ! task1 societies = ! protection ( animals are n[ =m$ all ov] ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,9 ! :ole ( uncircumcis$ ,asia1 su* a proc$ure w\ld be ! mo/ sup]flu\s ?+ 9 ! _w1 because animals are !re suffici5tly protect$ by religion1 :i* ev5 makes !m objects ( *>ity4 ,h[ su* *>itable feel+s be> fruit may be se51 to take an example1 9 ! great hospital = animals at ,surat1 :i!r ,*ri/ians1 ,mohamm$ans & ,jews c s5d _! sick bea/s1 :i*1 if cur$1 are v rightly n re/or$ to _! own]s4 ,9 ! same way :5 a ,brahman or a ,buddhi/ has a slice ( good luck1 a happy issue 9 any affair1 in/ead ( mumbl+ a ,te ,deum1 he goes to ! m>ket-place & buys birds & op5s _! cages at ! city gate2 a ?+ :i* may be frequ5tly se5 9 ,a/ra*an1 :]e ! adh]5ts ( e religion meet toge!r3 & s on 9 a hundr$ simil> ways4 ,on ! o!r h&1 look at ! revolt+ ruffianism ) :i* our ,*ri/ian public treats its animals2 kill+ !m = no object at all1 & laugh+ ov] x1 or mutilat+ or tortur+ !m3 ev5 its horses1 :o =m its mo/ direct means ( livelihood1 are /ra9$ to ! utmo/ 9 _! old age1 & ! la/ /r5g? work$ out ( _! poor bones until !y succumb at la/ "u ! :ip4 ,"o might say ) tru?1 ,mank9d are ! devils ( ! e>?1 & ! animals ! s\ls !y torm5t4 ,b :at c y expect f ! masses1 :5 !re are m5 ( education1 zoologi/s ev51 :o1 in/ead ( admitt+ :at is s famili> to !m1 ! ess5tial id5tity ( man & animal1 are bigot$ & /upid en\gh to (f] a zeal\s opposition to _! hone/ & rational colleagues1 :5 !y class man "u ! prop] head z an animal1 or demon/rate ! resemblance betwe5 him & ! *impanzee or ourang-outang4 ,x is a revolt+ ?+ t a writ] :o is s pi\s & ,*ri/ian 9 8 s5tim5ts z ,jung ,/ill+ %\ld use a simile l ?is1 9 8 ,sc55 aus dem ,gei/]rei*4 7,bk4 ,,ii4 sc4 i41 p4 #ae47 ,sudd5ly ! skeleton %rivel$ up into an indescribably hide\s & dw>f-l =m1 j z :5 y br+ a l>ge spid] into ! focus ( a burn+ glass1 & wat* ! purul5t blood hiss & bubble 9 ! heat4 ,?is man ( ,god !n 0 guilty ( su* infamy6 or look$ on quietly :5 ano!r 0 committ+ x6 9 ei!r case x comes to ! same ?+ "h4 ,s little h>m did he ?9k ( x t he tells u ( x 9 pass+1 & )\t a trace ( emotion4 ,su* are ! effects ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 &1 9 fact1 ( ! :ole ( ! ,jewi% conception ( nature4 ,! /&>d recogniz$ by ! ,h9dus & ,buddhi/s is ! ,mahavakya 7! great ^w71--tat-twam-asi 7?is is ?yself71 :i* may always be spok5 ( e animal1 to keep u 9 m9d ( ! id5tity ( 8 inmo/ be+ ) ours4 ,p]fection ( morality1 inde$6 ,nons5se4 ,! fundam5tal *>act]i/ics ( ! ,jewi% religion are realism & optimism1 views ( ! _w :i* are closely alli$2 !y =m1 9 fact1 ! conditions ( !ism4 ,= !ism looks ^u ! mat]ial _w z absolutely real1 & reg>ds life z a pleasant gift be/[$ ^u u4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fundam5tal *>act]i/ics ( ! ,brahman & ,buddhi/ religions are idealism & pessimism1 :i* look ^u ! exi/5ce ( ! _w z 9 ! nature ( a dream1 & life z ! result ( our s9s4 ,9 ! doctr9es ( ! ,z5dave/a1 f :i*1 z is well kn[n1 ,judaism sprang1 ! pessimi/ic elem5t is repres5t$ by ,ahriman4 ,9 ,judaism1 ,ahriman has z ,satan only a subord9ate position2 b1 l ,ahriman1 he is ! "l ( snakes1 scorpions1 & v]m94 ,b ! ,jewi% sy/em =?) employs ,satan to correct its fundam5tal error ( optimism1 & 9 ! ,fall introduces ! elem5t ( pessimism1 a doctr9e dem&$ by ! mo/ obvi\s facts ( ! _w4 ,!re is no tru] idea 9 ,judaism ?an ?is1 al?\gh x transf]s to ! c\rse ( exi/5ce :at mu/ be repres5t$ z its f\ndation & antec$5t4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t1 on ! o!r h&1 mu/ be 9 "s way traceable to an ,indian s\rce3 its e?ical sy/em1 its ascetic view ( morality1 its pessimism1 & its ,avat>1 are all ?or\ghly ,indian4 ,x is its morality :i* places x 9 a position ( su* emphatic & ess5tial antagonism to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 s t ! /ory ( ! ,fall is ! only possible po9t ( connection betwe5 ! two4 ,= :5 ! ,indian doctr9e 0 import$ into ! l& ( promise1 two v diff]5t ?+s _h to be comb9$3 on ! "o h& ! consci\sness ( ! corruption & mis]y ( ! _w1 its ne$ ( deliv]ance & salvation ?r\gh an ,avat>1 toge!r ) a morality bas$ on self-d5ial & rep5tance2 on ! o!r h& ! ,jewi% doctr9e ( ,mono!ism1 ) its coroll>y t all ?+s are v good ,greek3 panta kala lian4 ,& ! task succe$$ z f> z x c\ld1 z f>1 t is1 z x 0 possible to comb9e two su* het]og5e\s & antagoni/ic cre$s4 ,z ivy cl+s = ! support & /ay x wants to a r\gh-hewn po/1 ev]y:]e con=m+ to its irregul>ities & %[+ _! outl9e1 b at ! same "t cov]+ !m ) life & grace1 & *ang+ ! =m] aspect into "o t is pleas+ to ! eye2 s ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 sprung f ! wisdom ( ,india1 ov]spreads ! old trunk ( rude ,judaism1 a tree ( ali5 gr[?2 ! orig9al =m mu/ 9 "p rema91 b x suff]s a complete *ange & becomes full ( life & tru?1 s t x appe>s to be ! same tree1 b is really ano!r4 ,judaism _h pres5t$ ! ,creator z sep>at$ f ! _w1 :i* he produc$ out ( no?+4 ,*ri/ianity id5tifies ?is ,creator ) ! ,savi\r1 & ?r\gh him1 ) humanity3 he /&s z _! repres5tative2 !y are r$eem$ 9 him1 j z !y fell 9 ,adam1 & h la9 ev] s9ce 9 ! bonds ( iniquity1 corruption1 suff]+ & dea?4 ,su* is ! view tak5 by ,*ri/ianity 9 common ) ,buddhism2 ! _w c no long] be look$ at 9 ! light ( ,jewi% optimism1 :i* f\nd all ?+s v good3 nay1 9 ! ,*ri/ian s*eme1 ! devil is nam$ z its ,pr9ce or ,rul] 7,greek3 ho ar*on t\ kosm\t\t\4 ,john #ab1 #cc74 ,! _w is no long] an end1 b a means3 & ! realm ( ev]la/+ joy lies beyond x & ! grave4 ,resignation 9 ?is _w & direction ( all our hopes to a bett]1 =m ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! way to ?is end is op5$ by ! ,atonem5t1 t is ! ,r$emption f ?is _w & its ways4 ,& 9 ! moral sy/em1 in/ead ( ! law ( v5geance1 !re is ! comm& to love y\r enemy2 in/ead ( ! promise ( innum]able po/]ity1 ! assurance ( et]nal life2 in/ead ( visit+ ! s9s ( ! fa!rs ^u ! *ildr5 to ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ations1 ! ,holy ,_s gov]ns & ov]%ad[s all4 ,we see1 !n1 t ! doctr9es ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are rectifi$ & _! mean+ *ang$ by ^? ( ! ,new1 s t1 9 ! mo/ important & ess5tial matt]s1 an agreem5t is br\ght ab\t betwe5 !m & ! old religions ( ,india4 ,ev]y?+ :i* is true 9 ,*ri/ianity may also be f\nd 9 ,brahmanism & ,buddhism4 ,b 9 ,h9duism & ,buddhism y w look 9 va9 = any p>allel to ! ,jewi% doctr9es ( a no?+ quick5$ into life1 or ( a _w made 9 "t1 :i* _c be humble en\gh 9 its ?anks & praises to ,jehovah = an ephem]al exi/5ce full ( mis]y1 angui% & ne$4 ,:oev] s]i\sly ?9ks t sup]human be+s h ev] giv5 our race in=mation z to ! aim ( its exi/5ce & t ( ! _w1 is /ill 9 8 *ildhood4 ,!re is no o!r revelation ?an ! ?\ghts ( ! wise1 ev5 ?\gh ^! ?\ghts1 liable to error z is ! lot ( ev]y?+ human1 are (t5 clo!d 9 /range allegories & my?s "u ! "n ( religion4 ,s f>1 !n1 x is a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r a man lives & dies 9 reliance on 8 own or ano!r's ?\ghts2 = x is nev] m ?an human ?\ght1 human op9ion1 :i* he tru/s4 ,/ill1 in/ead ( tru/+ :at _! own m9ds tell !m1 m5 h z a rule a weakness = tru/+ o!rs :o pret5d to sup]natural s\rces ( k4 ,& 9 view ( ! enorm\s intellectual inequality betwe5 man & man1 x is easy to see t ! ?\ghts ( "o m9d might appe> z 9 "s s5se a revelation to ano!r4